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THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCH @LOG Y-

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOG Y.

VOL IL.

1879.

Hondon :
DAVID BOGUE, 3, St. MARTIN’s LANE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS.. ST. ANN STREET.

=e ees

ieee
raat

iil.

INDEX TO VOL. II.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES.

Achatina acicula Mull. in the Isle of Wight—C. Ashford

Ancylus fluviatilis var. albida at Roundhay, near Leeds—W. Nelson ...

Annotated catalogue of the species of Cyprzeidz collected in the
South Sea Islands—A. Garrett =i

Catalogue of the shell-bearing mollusca of Mice Walker

Clausilia rugosa var. albida at Smeaton, Yorkshire—W. Nelson

Colonising land shells—W. F. Petterd

Comparison of Omalonyx unguis, D’Orb., with 0. ‘illng, an

J. S. Gibbons, M.B. : a

Contributions to a better knowledge Be i sedis salle of
Queensland—W. Nelson and J. W. Taylor

Contributions to a better knowledge of the land and freshwater shells
-of Yorkshire—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. ns

Critical remarks on the Rev J. E. T. Woods’ ‘‘ Census of Tasmanian
Shells ”—W. F. Petterd ane

Description of a new variety of Pupa ele Phe secale var.
edentula—J. W. Taylor ;

Description of Amphipeplea Petterdi, new species on Wea iGuines
—W. Nelson

Description of Helix peter dane W. sieges

Descriptions of two new species of land shells, and remarks on

‘others collected on the E. African coast—J. S. Gibbons, M. B.

Descriptions of two species of Helicidee from Madagascar—E. A.
Smith, F.Z.S., Zool. Dep. Brit. Mus. Le
Descriptions of some new Tasmanian Helices—W. F. Petterd
Descriptions of three new Helices from Australia—W. F. Petterd
Discovery of Diplomphalus in Tasmania 60

<i Gundlachia in D9 ”

PAGE.
267
282

105

325
185

iv.

Helix fusca (Montagu) near Redcar—C. Ashford
», hortensis var. arenicola—J. S. Gibbons, M.B.
», pulchella and H. cellaria of Muller, found in Australia ; with
notes on their distribution—J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c.
», rotundata v. alba near Harrogate—J. W. Taylor
», lamellata Jeffreys near Redcar—C. Ashford ...

Land and freshwater shells observed in the neighbourhood of ede

-—C. Ashford

», and freshwater shells collected in ae alluvium of the ae
—R. Scharff, Vice-Pres. Conch. Soc.

», Shells collected at Puerto Plata, S. Domingo—J. S. Givens M.B.

Limnzea peregra, Muller, in Tasmania—W. Nelson
List of the freshwater shells of Tasmania—W. F. Petterd
», the Cyprzea found in Moreton Bay, Queensland—J. Brazier,
C.M.Z.S., Cor. M. Roy. Soc. Tas., &c. ue
», marine shells collected on Fitzroy Island, North coast of
Australia; with notes on their geographical range—John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c. as
», the Australasian Volutes—W. F. Petterd
Nassa trifasciata, Gmelin—F. P, Marratt ..
New species of Tasmanian marine shells—W. F. Petterd
Note on Helix Weldii-—W. F. Petterd
Notes on a hybrid Rumina decollata—R. Scharff
Notes on Colonel Montagu’s collection of British shells—J. oun
Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S
» Limnea pete veered Ashford
», Nassa elegans, Sow.—F. P. Marratt ,
», the geographical distribution of Crepidula wouleaten Guelin
—Wnm. G. Mazyck
», afew Tasmanian land and esha Ho W. rena
», the habits and distribution, &c., of certain West Indian
pulmonifera-—J. S. Gibbors, M. B. ae
», some of the land shells of Curacoa, W.I. ; with descriptions
of two new species—J. S. Gibbons, M.B.
»» Cochlicopa tridens (Pulteney)—J. W. Taylor
», on the species of the genus Scutus—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S.
Occurrence of a new British variety—Pupa secale var. Boileausiana,
Charp.—J. W. Taylor ...

Pupa umbilicata Drap. in South Africa—J. S. Gibbons, M.B.
Testacella Maugei in Jersey—Martin M. Bull, F.R.C.P.L.
The Mollusca of the Fiords near Bergen, Norway—Rev. A. M.
Norman, M.A. Bs me ce
The Mollusca of Barents Sea, between Spitzbergen and Novaya
Zemblia—W. S. M. D’Urban, F.L.S. ae
The Conchological fauna in the alluvium of rivers ; how to procure
the various species and their comparative numbers (paper
read before the Conch. Soc. of G. B, & I.)—Robert
Scharff, Vice-Pres. Conch. Soc, -
Valvata cristata in the Vale of York-_W. Nelson ...
Zonites excavatus Bean at Newlay—J. W. Taylor ...

(el

REPRINTED ARTICLE.

First sketch of a Marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and
its neighbourhood—Part I. Mollusca—R. J. Lechmere
Guppy, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c., (extracted from the pro-
ceedings of the Scientific Association of Trinidad, pp.
134 to 157)

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia—Conchological Section ...

American Geological Surveys

Andrew Garrett

Exploring Expeditions ...

Muscatine Conchological Club Ae see
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College
New Catalogue of the Genus Partula

Science in Muscatine, Iowa wh

The formation of Conchological Libraries ...

The late C, R. Thatcher

88

322
185
286

151

290
242
266
241
266
242
265
290
172
172

The Leckenby Collection
University Honors

vi.

PAGE.

Vernacular Names and Folk-Lore oF sia Age
Watford Natural History Society and Hertfordshire Field Club
Zoological Laboratory at Newport, Rhode Island, U. S.

a Stations at Sydney and Aberdeen

NEW SPECIES

O

DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

Amphipeplea Petterdi— Nelson

Cionella Gloynii—Gibbon
Columbella alba—Petterd

S

Cythara MacCoyi—Petterd

Daphnela Kingensis_,,
Ennea Taylori—Gibbons

Fossarina Legrandi—Petterd

Gibbula tasmanica—Petterd

‘Helix Barrenensis ae

», (Macrocyclis) Covani—Smit

,, Dandenongensis——Petterd ...

», Dyeri—Petterd

», Fernshawensis——Petterd

», Furneauxensis-—Petterd

», Henryana -
,, Jungermannize oe
», Kershawi 53
;, Lottah ai

», Mathinnee -

»» mimosa ;

>

», Otwayensis—Petterd

», rosacea—Petterd —
>, Roblini Re
SpLcent 4

Petterdiana— laylor

», (Ampelita) Shavi—Smith ...

», Lrucanini—Petterd

Wynyardensis—Petterd

290
199
266
265
265
199

267
135
104
103
102
141
104
103
217
338
355
210
355
215
215
213
211
216
214
211
356
287
213
210
212
338
216
212

Vil.

PAGE
Physa Beddomei—Nelson and Taylor __... Be ass nog KS)
», brisbanica a ae ie he ae 259
», fusiformis es HH ae ha neh noo ele)
Pupa secale var. edentula—Taylor ta it Noe set 5
Schismope tasmanica—Petterd ... oa aoe nae ... 104
Stenogyra lucida—Gibbons fe ae ee i .. 144
Succinea gyrata sts ae vine ve ee aco 1X8)
Tornatella minuta—Petterd chs le aay =e we. 105

—_—_Oo-—-—

LIST OF AUTHORS
WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THIS VOLUME.

Ashford, C. ot na a 6, 128, 209, 241, 267
Brazier, J., C.M.Z.S. &c., bs eb Bae 186, 281, 317
Bull, Martin M., F.R.C.P.L. ... te aa ae 98
Garrett, A. ae ou oe sie att 105
Gibbons, J. S., M.B. 99, 129, 135, 138, 209, 264, 282
Guppy, R. J. L., F.L.S., CM.Z.S., 405) Goc wie ac I51
Hey, Rev. W. C, M.A. ss ‘A sie lead 310
Jeffreys, Dr. J. Gwyn, F.R.S., &c. on a ee 1
Legrand, W. —__... BH ae ag fis 95
Marratt, F. P. ee eh eat sist - 78
Mazyck, W. G. oe “ee 3 sie iat 79
Nelson, W. nS ot Ve 4, 185, 267, 282, 288
Norman, Rev. A. M., M.A. se aa fe aut 8
Petterd, W. F. ane 80, 96, 102, 137, 210, 219, 340, 353, 355, 358
Roebuck, W. D. ... es 172, 199, 241, 242, 265, 266, 200
Scharff, R. Pe rae bis ae 315, 322, 356
Smith, E. A., F.Z.S. dis SS sibs coo A, 2817)
Taylor, J. W. Hee ois ee 5, 220, 286, 287, 288
Urban, W. S. M. D., F.L.S. ... ane se te 88
‘Walker, B. ae ses sie ya O06 325

viil.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.

146, 173, 176, 200, 222, 245, 268, 292, 345; 358.

O

PROCEEDINGS OF CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

178, 182, 243; 283, 291, 352, 368.

Oe
eh

rE _ Division of Mollusks

THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NOTES ON COLONEL MONTAGU’S COLLECTION OF
BRITISH SHELLS.

By J. GWYN JEFFREYS, LL.D., F.R.S.

Mr. D’Urban, the Curator of the Devon and Exeter Albert
Memorial Museum at Exeter, has kindly enabled me to examine
the original and typical collection of British shells which belonged
to the late Colonel Montagu; and I thought a few words on the
collection might be interesting to the readers of the “Journal of
Conchology.” Montagu’s handwriting is quite familiar to me,
from having had a great many. opportunities of seeing it in former
years, when I was a frequent guest of his old correspondent and
friend, the late Mr. L. W. Dillwyn. My remarks will only apply
to those specimens which are named and referred to in his lists
and the corresponding numbers. Several specimens are missing,
although the greatest care has evidently been taken by Mr.
D’Urban in the protection of the collection. But ‘’tis nearly
sixty years since” the death of Montagu; and private collections
of natural history are never preserved intact during so long a
period.

J.C., ii. Jan., sii. 7 i, B

2 GWYN JEFFREYS: ON MONTAGU’S BRITISH SHELLS.

It may be observed that Montagu (like all of us) made
mistakes, in his case as to the names of certain specimens, as well
as in being too credulous with respect to the communications of
Capt. Laskey and Mr. Bryer.

The writing of Montagu will be represented by inverted
commas. ‘The names are given in the same order as I adopted
in “British Conchology.”

LAND AND FRESHWATER.

“ Helix rufescens, hispid.” H. hispida, L.

“ Helix hispida.” H. sericea, Miller.

“ Helix fusca.” One specimen is H. Cartusiana, Miiller, as is
also the Scotch specimen mentioned by Montagu.

“Turbo muscorum.” One specimen is Pupa marginata, Drap-
arnaud ; the others are P. umbilicata, Drap.

“Tur. Rolphi.” Clausilia Rolphii, (Leach MS.) Gray.

“New from Scotland, Mr. Laskey.” Clausilia parvula, a
Continental species.

In a small turned box, full of He/zx pulchella and other land
and freshwater shells (apparently the rejectamenta of a river
or stream), are specimens of Zonifes crystallinus and Pistdium
Jontinale, neither of which was noticed by Montagu.

MARINE.
CONCHIFERA.

“ Pecten levis.” P. maximus, L., young.

“‘Pecten subauriculata” is represented by two specimens thus
named, but in separate boxes. The smaller specimen
agrees with Montagu’s description and figure, and is a
quarter of an inch long. ‘The larger specimen is marked
“Zetland, Mr. Fleming,” this is Lima elliptica, Jeffreys,
and is half-an-inch long.

J.C, ii, Jan., 1879

GWYN JEFFREYS: ON MONTAGU’S BRITISH SHELLS. 3

““Myt. striatus, Bontham, M. Prideaux, Leach.” The larger valve
is Crenella rhombea, Berkeley; the smaller is Mytilus
phaseolinus, Philippi, young.

“C.fardium] arcuatum.” Loripes divaricatus, L.

“Solen novacula.” §. siliqua, L., having the cardinal teeth
broken off.

SOLENOCONCHIA.
“Dentalium striatum.” D. Tarentinum, Lamarck, young.
GASTROPODA.

“Patella bimaculata.” Helcion pellucidum, L., young.

“Scotland.” Lacuna pallidula, Da Costa, var. neritoidea.

“T [urbo] cimex.” Rissoa cancellata, Da C.

T. cimex.” Rissoa calathus, Forbes and Hanley.

“T, calathiscus?” First two specimens are Rissoa reticulata,
Montagu, last four R. calathus, F. and H.

“T. reticulatus.” R. punctura, Mont.

“Turbo semicostatus.” Rissoa striata, Adams; young.

“TT unifasciatus, plain var.” Rissoa cingillus, Mont., var.
rupestris.

‘Turbo subumbilicatus.” Hydrobia ulvee, Pennant, var. or
male.

“T. unifasciatus.” Barleeia rubra, Mont., var.

In a box marked ‘‘Weymouth” are Bryer’s West Indian
species of Rissoina. ‘Turbo coniferus” is a worn specimen of
a young Scalaria.

“TT. subtruncatus.” Truncatella truncatula, Drap., young.

“Turbo [Helix] subcylindrica.” Truncatella truncatula,
Drap., var.

“T. perforatus.” Aclis supranitida, S. V. Wood.

“Tur. crenatus.” Odostomia rufa, Ph.

“ Both new from Tenby, found by Mr. Lyons 1813.”
Unnamed. Odostomia obliqua, Alder.

4 JEFFREYS : ON MONTAGU’S BRITISH SHELLS.

‘Query if interstinctus” (sc. Turbo). Odostomia indistincta, °
Mont.

“T. elegantissimus, worn.” Odostomia pusilla, Ph.

“Helix subulata.” Eulima bilineata, Ald. and E. distorta
(?), Deshayes.

‘‘ Murex reticulatus,” var.?” Cerithium reticulatum, Da C.

“M. reticulatus.” Gerithiopsis tubercularis, Mont.

MarRInE PULMONOBRANCHS.

With a specimen of Veiutina laevigata are three of Oiina
otis, all marked ‘“ Helix levigata.”” The latter may have been
received from Mr. Boys as Walker’s No. 17.

Ware Priory, Flerts,
goth September, 1878.

LIMNAAA PEREGRA, Mutizr, IN TASMANIA,
By W. NELSON.

I have lately received, from Mr. W. T. Bednall of Adelaide,
specimens of Limnaa Hobartonensts, described by the Rey. J. E.
Tenison Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., in the “ Proceedings and Report
of the Royal Society of Tasmania for 1875.”

I find on comparison that they are perfectly identical with rather
small examples of Zimmnaa peregra, Miller, thus adding another
name to the already overgrown synonomy of this most common,
varied, and widely dispersed species. The locality given in the
description of Z. Hobartonensis, Woods, is “ very common about
waterworks near Hobart-town.”

December, 1878.

J.C., ii., Jan., 1879.

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 5

OCCURRENCE OF A NEW BRITISH VARIETY.
Pupa secale var. Boileausiana, Cuarp.
By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

Amongst some typical specimens of Pupa secale collected by
Mr. W. Nelson at Dorridge, near Knowle, Warwickshire, is an
example of this interesting variety, which has not previously been
found in this country. [tis distinguished from the type by its
“smaller size, the larger plication on penultimate whorl being
always double, and by the presence of a prominent additional
fold at the angle of the columella.”

It is the first British specimen I have seen of this interesting
Pyrenean form.

December rst, 1877.

DESCRIPTION or A NEW VARIETY or PUPA SECALE.
Pupa secale var. edeniula.
By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

SHELL smaller, thinner, smooth and glossy; striation regular and
fine on the upper whorls, gradually becoming fainter and
more irregular on the lower ones; apertural plications
obsolete.

This variety was found by me in September, 1877, at the
foot of the rocks near Ingleton in Yorkshire. The specimens of
the type found in company with it partake of many of the
peculiarities enumerated. It furnishes an approach to the conti-
nental species, Pupa avena.

December Ist, 1877.

6 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NOTE ON LIMNZA GLUTINOSA, MULLER.
By C. ASHFORD.

In October, 1871, I recorded in “ Science Gossip” the cap-
ture of this species in the river Brusna, King’s co. I have now to
report its occurrence in the Newry Canal near Knockbridge, co.
Down, where Mr. Balkwill and myself found it on the 13th of
September. In the Brusna it occurred pretty plentifully resting
upon the under side of the floating leaves of the Water Lily
(Nuphar lutea), and our first search in the Newry Canal was
directed to the same plant, but without success. This was possibly
owing to to the somewhat clumsy means at our disposal for
bringing the leaves to bank, for in my search in the Brusna, where
I had the advantage of a boat, I noticed that on more than one
occasion when a leaf was roughly handled, the animal would
disengage its hold and sink in the water. Ultimately we found
two specimens adhering to the stems of Buckbean (Menyanthes
trifoliata) which is not an uncommon plant on the banks.

Its associates in this new locality were P%ysa fontinalts,
Planorbis albus, Bithinia tentaculata, Lemnea peregra, L. stagnalis,
LZ. auricularia avid the young of Cyclas cornea.

L. glutinosa does not occur in the list in Thompson’s ‘Natural
History of Ireland,’ though the author remarks (vol. iv. p. 303)
upon a variety of Z. peregra of “extreme delicacy” which had
been found by himself in loughs Neagh and Erne and received by
him from several other localities in Ireland. This variety, however,
which he describes as having “an epidermis-like covering of a dull
greenish-yellow color,” he no doubt rightly identified with the
Gulnarta lacustris of Leach, the Z. pervegra var. lacustris of
Jeffreys, and speaks of as “intermediate in form between the
typical Z. pereger and L. glutinosus.” ‘There is no doubt therefore
that Z. glu¢inosa as a denizen of Ireland was unknown to Thomp-
son. And yet it seems strange that the species should have

J.C., ii., Jan., 879,

ASHFORD; ON LIMNZA GLUTINOSA., 7

escaped his notice, for since I have met with it in the only two
localities which I have searched, and that readily without much
loss of time, and have heard from others of its being taken else-
where, it is only fair to presume that g/w¢inosa has an extended
and perhaps general distribution in that island. It is extremely
desirable to have every possible information respecting this species
that the question may be settled whether there is specific or only
varietal distinction between it and Z. zzvoluta. My own opinion
is that Z. g7w¢inosa has broad and persistent characteristics both in
shell and animal separating it decisively from LZ. peregra, and that
LZ. involuta is merely a well marked variety of Z. glutinosa, due
to continued peculiarity of surroundings producing a cumulative
effect upon successive generations. Their animal parts are allowed
to be alike, they are both said to exhibit a reflected mantle
(peculiar to themselves), and their shells do not differ to any-
thing approaching the same extent as those of the typical
L. peregra and some of its admitted varieties. I have carefully
looked over my thirty-six specimens from King’s co., and detect
among them not only a slight difference in the extortion of
the spire, but also in the proportions of the aperture; and Mr.
Jeffreys records specimens received by him “in which the spire is
more or less intorted, resembling in this respect the form of Z.
involuta,” Surely less powerful agencies may be supposed neces-
sary to have effected the comparatively slight divergence of shape
in the shells of these two forms than those which have transformed
the ordinary Z. pevegra into the dwarfed and solid Z. maritima
with its produced spire on the one hand, and into the thin,
ampullaceous Z. ovata on the other. It is a fact too of some
little relevancy to the question at issue, that those varieties of Z.
peregra which deviate from the typical form in the same direction,
so to speak, as Z. znvoluta deviates from L. glutinosa, viz.:—L.
lacustrisand L. Burnetti frequent habitats of a character similar to
that in which Z. zzvoluta has been found. Discussion, however,

8 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

will not decide the question. What is required to determine
that the one is a variety of the other is a series showing a grada-
tional lapse from Z. glutznosa the typical, to ZL. zzvoluta the
abnormal. If these are not forthcoming the two must hold their
present relative position; but it is quite possible that there are
specimens already in the cabinets of those interested, which can
add another arch or two to bridge the gap. If there are, I hope
we shall soon hear of them and be rid of the anomaly of a species
unknown to the rest of the world, occupying its solitary tarn in
the British Isles.

Grove Flouse, Tottenham.

4-004

THE MOLLLUSCA OF THE FIORDS NEAR BERGEN,
NORWAY.

By THE Rev. A. M, NORMAN, M.A.

‘The investigation of the fauna of the Shetland Seas during
many years occupied my spare time. As a member of the
Shetland Dredging Committee, appointed by our British Associa-
tion to report on the Zoology of our most northern waters, many
summer holidays were devoted to this special work, in company
with Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, Mr. Waller, and other naturalists.* I
have long felt that it would be a subject of much interest to
accurately compare with the Invertebrata of Shetland those of
that portion of this Norwegian coast which lies in the same
parallel of latitude. This wish long entertained has this year in
some degree been satisfied. ‘The end of April found me landing,
in the companionship of my old friend Mr. Jeffreys, at Bergen,
and the greater part of May was spent in dredging the Fiords to
the north and south of that town.

* See Reports of the Shetland Dredging Committee in British Association
Reports for 1861, 1863, 1864, 1867, and especially 1308,

TKR en A205, HEME

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 9

The district embraced was, speaking roughly—for I do not
know the exact mileage—from 15 miles north to 15 miles south
of Bergen. The Fiord chosen to the north being Oster Fiord and
the dredging in the south terminating at Kors Fiord.

The weather was remarkably warm for the time of the year,
and the circumstances for dredging altogether most favorable.

I received the most kindly welcome and hospitality from all
the men of science with whom I came into contact both at
Bergen and Christiania; but to Herr Herman Friele, the well-
known malachologist of Bergen, I] owe very much. Nothing could
exceed his hospitality and the kind aid he gave me by his advice
as to the localities most likely to prove profitable for dredging,
and by the loan of apparatus. Through him I was also enabled
to secure as my dredger Mons Olssen, who for the last three
years has had charge of the dredging on board the ‘ Voringen’
during the Norwegian North Atlantic Dredging Expeditions. The
‘Voringen’ was not to start on the Spitzbergen Expedition before
June, and thus I was enabled to engage Olssen during the earlier
part of the year. To his experience, intelligence, and interest in
the work my dredging owed much of its success.

During the first week spent in Oster Fiord I had the pleasure
of having as my colleagues Dr. Jeffreys and Herr Herman Friele.
During the remaining time I was alone.

Dredging in the Norwegian Fiords is a very different matter
from what it is in the ocean round Shetland. In the latter case
great expense must be incurred. Exposed to every wind which
springs up—in the open sea—with an almost constant heavy
Atlantic swell—the employment of a yacht or steamer is absolutely
necessary, at least when dredging 20-40 miles from land. After
tossing about in such a vessel for a week at sea it often happened
that hardly twenty hours’ dredging was practicable, and the greatest
depth reached never exceeded 170 fathoms. Compare with this
the dredging in Norway. A small boat with four men will suffice

ie) NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

for our purpose, if furnished with suitable apparatus for lighten-
ing the labour of hauling in the dredge. In this we lie calmly
on the lake-like surface of a narrow Fiord, where we are never
more than about a mile from land, and let down the dredge to
find a fauna unknown at Shetland, and approximating to that of
deeper parts of the North Atlantic Ocean. -It fairly astounds us
at first, after what we have been accustomed to during five and
twenty years’ dredging in our own shallow seas, to drop the dredge
over the boat-side and see 400 fathoms of line run out before a
resting place is found at the bottom, and this so near to shore that
letting out as much line again it is actually possible to pull to
shore from this great depth, while the dredge lies still where it
was let go, to land and haul it in from the rocks, and if it does
not catch

which it probably will do as it mounts the
precipice—there to bring it in. It seems incredible until we
have proved it that in pulling over those few hundred yards of
smooth surface to the shore we have passed over a precipice of
more than 2000 feet, which lies hidden by the calm water which
ripples against our bows.

Oster Fiord is a deep inlet running far east among the
mountains, and is so narrow that the depth is nearly as great as
the width. The bottom is almost everywhere a fine grey mud, a
deposit which apparently owes its origin to the wearing effects of
snow and ice on the surrounding mountains of primitive rocks.
From this mud Gloligerine-and Orbuline are almost entirely
absent. Indeed I did not find a single Ovduldina, and only a
few Globigerine, and those depauperated. ‘The mud is charac-
terized by avery great development of Forminifera belonging to the
Bulimina series, Bulimina (pyrula, marginata, inconstens Egger,* -
LBradii n. sp. pupoides and ovata), Virgulina, Bolivina, Casstdu-
lina, Pullenia, Spheroidina, and Chilostomella ; together with these
are abundance of Uvigerine, Lagene, Glanduline, and arenaceous

* Not before, I believe, known as a recent form.

J.C., ii., Jan.,1879

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. It

forms belonging to the genera Ltuola, Valuulina, Reophax, Hyper:
ammina, Rhabdammina, Saccammina, and Astrorhiza. This mud
is zoologically very different not only from anything that we have in
the British Seas, but also from all those samples of sea-bottom
which I have examined from the North Atlantic, procured
by the ‘Porcupine’ and ‘Valorous’ expeditions. In the North
Atlantic sea-bed the dead shells of Globigerina and Orbulina
form the bulk of the “ Globigerina-ooze,” and indeed are found
in marvellous profusion everywhere, except in depths below 2500
’ fathoms, where they are dissolved; but in the Norwegian Fiords
which I have examined, inorganic material forms the bulk of the
mud, and of the Foraminifera living among it the Bulimina allies
and arenaceous forms constitute by far the greatest percentage. In
200-400 fathoms on this mud Hydrozoa and Polyzoa are almost
entirely absent, Perzgonimus abysst, G. O. Sars, is, I think, the
only Hydrozoon I observed ; Crustacea are scarce, but represented
by Calocaris McAndret, Cumacea,* and a few Ostracoda (AZlacro-
cypris minna, Cythere abyssicola, echinata, and Cytherella) ; Anne-
lids are numerous ; while the molluscan fauna is very rich, and
well represented by many recently described and interesting forms,
especially Yo/dza (including the rare /rigzda and messanensis),
Malletia obtusa, Axtnus of several species including eumyarius,
Decipula ovata, Pecten vitreus, Dentalium striolatum, Siphonodenta-
lium Lofotense and tetragonum ; Cadulus propinguus, Cyclostrema
basistriatum, Rissoa abysstcola, Eulima stenostoma, Taranis Morcht,
Pleurvotoma cylindracea, &c.

The fauna in 50-200 fathoms in this Fiord is also very rich
and interesting.

Bukken is a rocky islet and anchorage situated in the centre
of a little group of islets which occupy the midchannel when a

* The investigations of Professor G. O. Sars have proved that there is
a very rich fauna of AZysidea and Cumacea at these depths, but my dredge was
too heavy and did not pass sufficiently rapidly over the ground to take many of
these active swimmers. ,

I2 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

ship entering from the ocean by Kors Fiord sails towards Bergen
There is excellent dredging ground everywhere about and among
these islets.

The most westerly of the islets, of which Bukken occupies the
centre, is Leero, and between this islet and the outer island Sartoro
is the main channel, known as Leerosin. Leerosin (Stations 15,
20, 26) has a rough stony bottom with 80-110 fathoms water and
is very good ground for those animals which live on hard bottom.
Foraminifera here are mainly restricted to species which adhere to
stones or other substances, Valvulina, Anomalina, Truncatulina, -
Planorbulina, Tinoporus lucidus, Pulvoiuulina concentrica, and such
like forms. Sponges are numerous and good including Phakeliia
ventilabrum, Quasillina brevis and several apparently undescribed
species; the Echinodermata include Zchinus Norvegicus, Porania
pulvillus, Ophiactis Ballit, Ophiacantha abyssicola, Ophioglypha
carnea and affinis; a beautiful coral perhaps that figured by
Duncan as Séylaster gemmascens* is not rare. The annelids are
chiefly tube-making species, and numerous Serpule. Polyzoa
are abundant and good including Zschara levis and cervicoriis,
Hornera lichenotdes and violacea; Idmonea Atlantica, Coronopora
wuncata, Bicellaria Aldert, Flustra Barleet, Membranipora sac-
culata, rhynchota and imbellis; LEscharipora nitido-punctata,
Smith; Lepralia abyssicola, polita, laqueata, Megapora vingens,
Setosella vulnerata, Celleporella lepraloides, &c. Among the
rarer mollusca are TZerebratula cranium, FPecten Teste and
vitreus var. abyssorum, Lima excavata and crassa, Arca nodulosa,
Poromya granulata, Neera jugosa and cuspidata; Propilidium
ancyloides; Scissurella crispata, Rissoa cimicoides, Leocochlis
granosa, Cerithium metula, Cerithiopsis costulata, Crustacea are
scarce.

Kors Fiord requires much more extended investigation than

* Duncan, Madreporaria dredged by ‘ Porcupine,’ 1869, 1870; Trans.
Zool, Soc, vol, viii., 1871, p. 332, pl. xlix., figs, I—15.

We@ ats ane leros

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS, 13

it has yet received. JI was told that the submerged sides of its
southern precipices are one of the chief localities for the mag-
nificent Actinozoa belonging to the genera Paragorgia, Muricea,
Lophophelta, &c., for which the Bergen district is so famous. Of
some of them I found fragments but did not succeed in procuring
fine specimens; but the shelving submerged cliffs gave many very
fine sponges, Geodia, Phakellia, and other genera, together with
not a few forms which are unknown to me and believed to be
undescribed; for a further account of this ground I would refer
to what will be found further on under Argiope cistellula, and to
the well filled up column of Station 23. The central portion of
Kors Fiord towards its mouth has a depth of 200-300 fathoms.
Higher up the chart marks “338 fathoms without bottom.” Near
this place I attempted to dredge. Seven hundred and fifty
fathoms of line were let out, but I was unable to work the dredge.
It certainly had reached at the bottom, though it seemed from the
strain upon the line as it was run out as if it had only just reached
it, and when hauled up was empty. Whether this arose from the
greatness of the depth, or whether there was a strong under
current which lifted it off the ground, Iam unable to say. The
sea was not, on any subsequent occasion, sufficiently calm to allow
of my again attempting this great depth in our small boat. In 200
fathoms the bottom is fine mud not unlike in character to that of
Oster Fiord, and the general facies of the fauna is very much the
same, but here were the sponges Z77chostemma. hemisphericum,
Wyvillethomsonia Wallichit, P. Wright, the Echinoderms £chino-
cucumis typica, Eechinus Norvegicus, Schizaster fragilis, Archaster
tenuispinus, Amphiura Chiagi and LVorvegica, Ophiogl pha carnea,
&c, The mollusca are not so rich as in Oster Fiord, but among
them are some which were not met with in that Fiord, eg,
Limopsis minuta, Dentalium agile, Cadulus subfusiformis, Natica
afinis, Pleurotoma carinata.

The following is a list of the Dredging Stations and localities

I4 NORMAN ; ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.,

referred to by the numbers at the heading of the columns. The
places named will for the most part be looked for in vain in any
ordinary map, and are often merely the name of a farm or few
houses. ‘They are given accurately to direct the dredger to the
exact spot, and can be found by reference to the best Norwegian
chart. *

DREDGING STATIONS, &c¢.
Oster Fiord.

t and 8.—Off and a little to the west of Bernestangen, Oster Fiord,

50-100 f. 39 mollusca.

2.—Off and a little to the west of Bernestangen, Oster Fiord,
100-200 f. 31 mollusca.

3.—Off and a little to the west of Bernestangen, Oster Fiord,
30 f. 14 mollusca.

4.—Narrow inlet on western side of Drongoen, Oster Fiord,
3-10 f. 25 mollusca.

5.—Opposite Bernestangen, Oster Fiord, off Hide, 375 fi 31
mollusca.

6.—Opposite Bernestangen, Oster Fiord, off Totlandsvik, 50-
100 f. 25 mollusca.

7.—Inlet at Totlandsvaag, 5-10 f. 20 mollusca.

9 and 10.—Opposite Hosanger, Oster Fiord, 400 f. 24 mollusca.

Bergen.
11.—Bergen Fiord, 50-100 f. 63 mollusca.
Bukken and Kors Fiord.

12.—Bukken, tidemarks and shallow water. 31 mollusca.

13.—Kors Fiord, directly south of entrance to Bukken, 200-300 f,
13 mollusca.

14.—Kors Fiord, south side of, 20-30 f. 23 mollusca.

* Kart over den Norske Kyst fra Korsfjord til Hellisce udgivet af den
geografiske Opmaaling 1868.

J.C., ii, Jan., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 15

15, 20, 26.—Leerosin, 80-120 f. 36 mollusca.

16.—Bukken, 5-40 f. 55 mollusca.

17.—Entrance to Fane Fiord, between Korsnes and Selo, 50-
120 f. 52 mollusca.

18 and 25.—Kors Fiord to the south of entrance to Bukken,
too—200 f. 18 miollusca.

19.—Off Bornestangen in Sartoro, 15-40 f. 63 mollusca.

21.—Haakelsund, Kors Fiord, 3 f. 38 mollusca.

22.—Off Haakelsund, Kors Fiord, 200 f. 18 mollusca.

23.—Kors Fiord, south side, 180 f, 85 mollusca.

24.—N.E. of Bukken (Bay off Sonningen) 5-40 f. 56 fathoms.

27.—N. of Bukken, off Sletttin, 5-80 f. 64 mollusca.

The exact depths given must in the case of these Fiords be
received with some degree of caution, first, because even littoral
shells such as AZpti/us and Littorina will be washed down the
precipitous faces of the cliffs and be dredged often in 1too~200
fathoms; secondly, because the variation in depth is so sudden
that a dredge let down in z00 fathoms may after it has been
drawn two or three hundred yards be then either in roo fathoms
shallower or 100 fathoms deeper water. For example, from the
character of the animals procured, I am disposed to think that
No. 19 must have descended to a greater depth than was
supposed.

16

BW NY &

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Brachiopoda.

Terebratula cranium, A77i/ler
T. caput-serpentis, (Zzz.) ...
Argiope cistellula, (S. [Vood)
Crania anomala, (AZz///er)

Anomia ephippium, Z., var. squamula, Z.
3 Ae aculeata, AZiiller

Conchifera.

A. patelliformis, OIGE

var. striata, Emon

Ostrea ‘edulis, Lin.
Pecten pusio, (Zzz.)...

Mea} Ine} ie} Ig} Ing) In9} Ino} 9} se) Ino} Ire)

SBE, (CZ72)) tone

. aratus, (Gmelin) ...

. septemradiatus, AZil/er
. opercularis, (Zz7.)

. tigrimus, AZii/ler

este, S200na... he

: striatus, Miiller
. vitreus, (Chev) ..

var. abyssorum, M. Sars

. Hoskynsi, Forbes
. similis, Laskey
. maximus, (Zz7.) ..

Lima excavata, (/. G Fab.)

ie:
-

hians, (Gmelin)
Loscombii, G. 2. “Sowerby
L, subauriculata, (Mont.)

|rand8 s50—troof. |

Too—200 f.

Oster Fiord.

en
as
«| {8
Ge o1s3 si
e)
O|H}H|O}G
Ga | eS |) 74
|x) 0] |
ce) t~| O Le}
CO} eo] 89) tO] 19]
ton]
| ©] SF] LNINO | | O
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
XxX
x x
x
x
x

J.C., ii., Jan., 1879,

g

NORMAN

17

ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

ULIULILIYPITAY | Migs 8 i OK re SE Xo 5 OG 0g OE ROM = Bee
Sueaeewny “arin es Se a.
‘purjuseiry | x x x x
‘purpooy | x x
‘spurs, aoiry | Aas x x x x
= “BIULTIASTAY, ) | x xX x Ne CS OS CSS PA Pa PS ES Pam tas eas eas em es
=e yreuuad | 4 ee ee ee x ae:
* aa | Pee OS oS DEX, Ke EK KIS ND 1G x xX fo x xX
if yog—S Lz | x x i eee
‘t ob —S = | x x Kee Qexga x x x x
ss) TOG neice x xX xX x ee ouex NOE IK Pr nee
= Rese Ze | : x é
gl We we | x x
yy | qOv=—Gi On | =x x x X22
a1) pe Geeeoon Ge eX x
a | Peete fat | ee ei te x as Ks
s x TOG Oht | Oe KE x x ae
S| | Cio) fot Ge | eM x x x x se eM
Py J of—oz 1 | x
4; oof—ooz £1 | = %
(See ekcjencm cm e x x x
‘ploly uasI0g Feito hit |p es oes x is a x
Deas ane ial Ga SP NO EAD DOH AMANO MO DOK AM +IND
[raf Tat Jol Toy tai toy dab tal fat fal Gi Gy) GS) GY) GY

, and B

ewhere in the Vritish Seag

* In this column x indicates the mollusca which have been found at Shetland

marks those species which, though not known in Shetland, occur el

3

18

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Lima elliptica, Jeffreys

HU eraSSan -HO7GES = 122.

Mytilus edulis, Zzz.

M. modiolus, (Zz7.)

M. phaseolinus, (P/2/.)

Crenella decussata, (AZont.)

Nucula nucleus, (Zzv.)

N. tumidula, dZa/m.

N. tenuis, (JZont.)

Leda minuta, (JZii//er’)

L. pernuta, (Miller) i

Yoldia arctica, (Gray) (fossil?)

Y. tenuis, (Phil.) Ae

NG lucida, Loven

Y. frigida, Torell

WG Messanensis, (Seguenza) ...

Malletia obtusa, (AZ. Sa7s)

Limopsis minuta, Phil. :

Arca pectunculoides, Scacchi

A. nodulosa, Miller

aN, tetragona, Pols.

Montacuta bidentata, (Mont)

M. ferruginosa, (Mont) .

Decipula ovata, Jeffreys

Lasza rubra, (AZonz.) :

Kellia suborbicularis, (JZonz#.)

Lucina spinifera, (AZozz?.)

L. borealis, (Zz7.)

Axinus flexuosus, (Mont.)
var. Sarsu, P/il.

AN Croulinensis, VOHAEIS See

A. eumyarius, JZ, Sars

A. ferruginosus, (/ordes)

Cyamium minutum, (7a. )

Oster Fiord.
—_—— A ——\
20 2
c 3
o a
Lal Q | ¢O] s+ eS r~| O

x x x
|
x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x | xX x
x oS || es x
allie x x
x x Xx
x x xX
Xx
x | x x
|x x
x
wall
x
x x |X x
x
x x< x
x | Xx x |X x

J.C., ii, Jan. 1879

HG)

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

‘uvouviojipoyy =| x x x x x x x xxx xaxxxXxX XX xxx xXx x x x
‘UvOTIOULY “AN | Mee x Men eee x x ae x
‘puvluss1yy | x x > Sue a Gem Gae> Cam x x x
‘purpooy | x xX X x be Ke OM x x x x
‘spuv[sy soe | x x ae x XX
FETU I Simul ey |x x x x 3 Oe Ke OD x x x x x x RK OM OO
‘yavutuaq, | x x x x x x x x x x x x
owing: || x & K oe RK x 5 88 as x se Ke mR x x xX X Xx x x x
f lz | x x x x x xX X x x x x
We || mM eR OK Oe OX x
uC) ag || 38 Mm 3 x x x x x x
S
ees i, || x x x x x x x x
x 1 || x x x xX
w
J Gri || se x x x x sm «Se
~ 1 22 pur gt | x x x xx
= is | x x x x x x x x
a
s @u || x x x x x
wd ¢ ¢
| 4) Os erg im | x x a
5 Vi | x x x
ex | x x x
| zi | x x
“‘piolyq uasIOg mit | Mee xix Se OK x x x
RO DOHA MANO RA DOK AMAMOKrODWAOH-AMTAMO ODO
AACAMMmMMNgmAMaMMmMnMnmtttT TT tT ST +N MMH MMMM MMO

61
62

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Cardium echinatum, Zz.
C. fasciatum, AZonz.

C. nodosum, 7777.

© edule, Z27.

C. minimum, F277.

(Gi Norvegicum, Spengler
Kelliella abyssiccla, ( (Forbes) M. Sars
Cyprina Islandica, (Lin, )
Astarte sulcata, (Da Costa)
A. compressa, (Mont.)

A. crenata, Gray (fossil)
Circe minima, (JZonz¢.)
Artemis exoleta, (Zin.)

A. lincta, (Pulteney)

“Venus fasciata, (Da Costa)

Wi Casina, 6/777:

V. ovata, Pennant

V. gallina, Lin.

Tapes pullastra, (. Ment).

T. decussatus, (£272.)

Tellina Balthica, Lin.

T. calcarea, Chem. a
Psammobia Ferroensis, (Ce)
P. vespertina, ( Chev.)

Mactra elliptica, Browz sen
Scrobicularia piperata, (Bellon. ye
Syndosmya alba, ( /¥ood)

S. nitida, (Miller)

S. prismatica, Mone)

Solen ensis, Zz. a
Thracia villosiuscula, OE,

T. distorta, (AZouz.)

T. convexa, (IV. Wood) .
Cochlodesma preetenue, (Pulteney)...

Oster Fiord.

(Ca ee =e =
b)
cea ea °
= | =
ss) S
He) 09) xt] 1} | mH)
pcan 7 is
|x x
x
x
x
|x x |x
Seis oe ul x|x
x | x
x | |
aie
} |
|
x x
x
| |
x
x
|
i | | x
|x Ix) x |
x
FI
x x

J.C., ii, Jan., 1879

21

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

TeSUEMISRIPOIN ex ee Me ee Ke tg ee ee em
‘Uvolauy “q'N | sO Se x x is
‘purv[usealty | RX x
*puvjaoy | x x Mare x aoe x x Sar Bo
‘Spuvysy o01e,y | x x x cx x peux ocean Kee a.
“emanenaisneto(g) | 36 Se be Ok Oe Se ee ee ee
‘yreuuaq) | x x x xxx = xxx XXX XX XXXXX XXX XX XX x
‘puvyoys ie ee ee a ee Ge ee a ie Me am tool ee cape e Se ee Nee
[ lie | Sor ee a. ix x x
Vz x Xx x XSKGX x
2 ee ee
= 1z | xu x i
c 61 | x x x x x
1 22 pur gi | BE 28s
a | [nat | x Oe x] x Xe eee OG
5 gi | Yoox ee eX x Konno
ie | ge foes |
Rs vi | Se 3 ee
bese
| ita ex tins ae x 8 x SEEK ax x
-piOIy UoS10q ir |X Soka eX : tess ;
SSSSSSSSSRARLALERRAZGKSSSHOBD ARAN

22

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Poromya granulata, (Vyst. & West.)
Neera abbreviata, Forbes ... a
N. obesa, Loven en

N. jugosa, S. Wood ine

N. costellata, (Deshayes) itn

N. cuspidata, (O/v7)
N. rostrata, (Speng.) a a3
Corbula gibba, (Ofzvz) —... wae
var. rosea, Lrown
Mya arenaria, Zz7.
M. truncata, £272. ;
var. Uddevalensis, Forbes (ossil2
Panopea plicata, (Mont.)
Saxicava rugosa, (£27)
Xylophaga dorsalis, (Zw7tov)

Solenoconchia.
Dentalium entalis, 227.

var. striolatum, Stmps ... a

var. agile, AZ. Sars
Siphonodentalium Lofotense, AZ. ‘Sars.
S. tetragonum, (Bvocchi) .
Cadulus subfusiformis, (i. Sars)
C. propinquus, G. O. Sars..

Gasteropoda.

Chiton fascicularis, Zzz.

C. alveolus, JZ. Sars Se

C. cinereus, Zz.

C. albus, Zz7. Ha

C. marginatus, Penz.

C. ruber, Loze

C. levis, Penn. ae: rin
C. marmoreus, fad. es ae

|

| x and 8

Oster Fiord.

— —
(e)
=
mo)
S
os}

OO} SF] LO}\O | |

x
x
x
x x
x
x | x
x x
x
x
x x
x x
x

J.C., ii., Jan., 1879

23

"uvouviioyIpey, ~=| x x x x Xx

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Xe Sal celica lectin
Seale call ocala
A Meller Week Il e4 |e {hes

BI x|x|]x|xIlxIlx

Blix

PNW | ZS WOES MPS |) eS Hes II os
x |X!1xK1 x] xX] x

PS NS Mes I esl) BS

x

x
x

“UvOTIOWUY “AN x
‘puvjusary |
*purlooy
“SpULIST 901B,T
“eIUBTISIIYD) omk Se aX
“yarvuuay x
‘purpeys | x x x
f Le | Sonu
Ve | ~ *
a fz. | x
> |
co co |
wn ne |
© ors x x
4 N
= 4 Sz puv gt |
= Lit_|
I gt | x
> 6 ¢
= Ge toe “in |) x
ca vu |
alk. | x 3S
eel
‘ploly uasIIg Tat | x
Weis) Isico) (en
DAAADAGD

100
IOI| x
102! x
103) x
108
109g
IIO} x
i 1T}) 3
TI2
113) x
I14| x
Bos
116] x
117
18} x
1 ae)
120
121
ane)
123
124

24

125
126
rer
128
129
130
131
132
_ 133

134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
I51
152
153
154
155
156
157
158

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Patella vulgata, Zz.
Helcion pellucidum, (Zz7.)
Tectura testudinalis, ae ie
T. virginea, (JZ7i//.)
Pilidium fuly um, (JZ7i//.) ©
Lepeta czeca, (Miill.)

Propilidium ancyloides, (/o7 es)

Puncturella noachina, (Zzz.)
Emarginula fissura, (Lin.)
E. crassa, Soz,

Capulus Hungaricus, (CZ in.)
Scissurella crispata, Flem..

Cyclostrema basistriatum, Tofireys

C. trochoides, Jeffreys
Molleria levigata, Jeffreys
Trochus helicinus, Faé.
T. Greelandicus, Chem. .
T. tumidus, Mont.
a cinerarius, Lin.
T, millegranus, P//.
T. occidentalis, AZzgh.
T. zizyphinus, Zzn. bite
Craspedotus limbatus, (//z/.)
Lacuna divaricata, (/a.)
Littorina obtusata, (Zz7.)
L. littorea, (Zzz.)
L. rudis, (4Zaz.)
Rissoa cimicoides, Forbes
R. Jeffreysu, Waller
R. abyssicola, Forbes
R. punctura, (AZont.) ..
R. Zetlandica, (AZont.)
R. parva, (Da Costa)

var. interrupta, (Adams)

| r and 8

Oster Fiord.

ae
ie}
e
=)
q
3
tH) un}ro | BS)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x

J,C., ii, Jan., 187

25

ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

NORMAN

‘uvouviaypoyy =| x es aie caer ara aa ee a Seb Meee Ie nee
‘ULOMIOWULY “AN | * KES x gx x EG Le
‘purjuscrny | Xe xe x xX 56 tr x %
ules ye Ee SS x KX Se aS
MENS, Cowley || ox xe SS Xex ls eke ex x
‘eruvyysiiya) | x x x x x x x xX xX xX XK &X X XEX) SX, Kei ic eee
‘yreutuaq | x x x x x x che x aoe eed Cex
*pueyays OS 2S OS 2 86 88 Kk KM RK RK 8S KKM OK Oe MB oS Mh MOS KK KO
f Lz | x x x x
| vz | x x
v Zz x SX. x SM x x egies
iS)
4 Zz
| s
p te x x ad
J 6x | x i a x pea cle ae Oe bo OSE
we 1 22 pur gt |
I Li | x x ee ee
a
Ss gi | OK x x Some
a 1 Of Te Gn | eS x x
3
fafa} v1 | x x
ae
BP se x x aX
‘plOLY Udd.1Og a | et i DES ee x x x
ING ROHNI4AAMTNORDARHAORAMDTHORDAAOHA MTOR
AAAAIMNMMMmMaMNMM t+ ttt t+ tt in wMmMiininmin
EO ee eC |

26

159
160
161
162
163
164
165
106
MOY
168
169
170
uy Ai
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
IgI
192

NORMAN ; ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Rissoa inconspicua, Alder

R. albella, Lovén ese
var. Sarsil, Lovén ...

R. membranacea, (Adams)

R. violacea, Desa.

R. semistriata, (JZonz.)

R. cingellus, (AZov7.)

R. siriata, (Adams)...

R. turgida, Jeffreys

R. soluta, Phil.

Hydrobia ulvee var. Parle Vai 5 ») eh

Skenea planorbis, (/aé.) .
Czcum glabrum, (AZozz7.)
Turritella terebra, (Lanny me
Leeocochlis granosa, (S. TVood)...
Aclis unica, (AZozz.)
A. Walleri, Jeffreys
var. carinata, Morman
A. ventrosa var. minor, /77e/e
Chemnitzia rufescens, /. & 7.
C. rufa var. fulvocincta, (Zhomp.)
Odostomia interstincta, (JZo7z7.)
. insculpta, (JZozz.)
. spiralis, (JZonz.)
. conoidea, (Lrocchz) ..
. unidentata, (JZoz7.)
turrita, Hanley
. rissoides, Hunley
. pallida, (AZonzt.)
. albella, (Zozén) ...
. minima, Jeffreys
eximia, “Jeffreys ..
Eulimella ‘Scillee, (Seacelt)
E. acicula, (Phil. eas

ee a ee

7

Oster Fiord.

a

=a <a
[e)
ee) HX
7) xe)
le ‘s
a iss}
HH] | 68} +] INO | |
x
Xx
x
x
x x
Xx
x
x
x
x
x
x
i
x
x |x
x

J.C., ii, Jan., 1879

27

ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

.
.

NORMAN

WRAIUTATTSINODTNY || SK SS KK KO RR KR RR RR Kee a een x X
‘uvOLIeWY “AN | 5 x a.
‘puyjuserny | x x
‘purpaoy | a. Lee
‘spuvysy o01Ry | ex x
ie) 000] 01S) 800 6 a (nea x x KEXP GX x x x x x Se Se oe SS XE x
“YACVUUS(] | mS OS, oh DS ES 2K x x x xX IS Sh 2h 2X OS OM SOS oS x
Se bs NS 2S OS XK x x MW 2S 26 OS KM MR BS (60) KO KK OS
Z| : :
| z | x x x x x x
ZC =o a ee ee Sse Ge re an een x &
)
= Zz
* 1g || & % x x x XX x x x
D
g| (ie || xs 8 xX Kane x x xx
es es
S| i | x
a
rs] a x x
o
uv ¢ ¢
aol I x x x x
my || G2 ‘oz
ra) Atel ap coe Ce een
| er |
[ zi SO KS x
‘pIOly UIs1IOg II x Mon aX x
DOHA MTAMO EO HAAOHAYDMTMOMOHRAOHA MTMO FOAOGDGHA
NSGODGCOOOSGOSS RRR KRKRKRRKRERDDDDNDNDNDOD ADA
Lo sO ae Oe Oe Oe en ee Oe Oe |

28

193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
21.3
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

Eulima intermedia, Cazfr.

E. distorta, (Des/.) a
var. gracilis, & £7.

E. stenostoma, Jeffreys

E. bilineata, Alder

Natica Alderi, Hordes

N. Montagu, Jordes

N. affinis, (Gmel.) ...

N. Islandica, (Gmel.)

Lamellaria perspicua, (Zz7.)

Velutina lzvigata, (Penn.)

Trichotropis borealis, Brod. & Sow. sf

Aporrhais pes- -pelecani, (LZin.) .
A. Serresianus, (AZichaud)...
Cancellaria viridula, (/a.)
Cerethium metula, Zovéz ...
C. reticulatum, (Da Costa)
Triforis perversa, (Z7x.)

Cerethiopsis costulata, (ATGil.) aa

Purpura lapillus, (Zzz.)
Buccinnm undatum, Zz.
B. Humphreysianum, Lev.
Trophon Bervicensis oe
T. clathratus, (Zzv.)
var. Gunneri, (Lovin)
var. truncatus, (S¢r0v1.)
Fusus gracilis, (Da Costa)
Nassa reticulata, (Zzv.)
N. incrassata, (S¢7071.) ...
Columbella rosacea, ee
C. nana, (Lovéz)...
Metzgeria alba, ( Jeffreys) ».
Taranis Morchi, (AZa/m.)
Pleurotoma nebula, (AZozz/.)

Oster Fiord.

rca,
aa e
he)
5 =
oO | CQ
Hila) ol t)iniolnja
| ARP |
x
x x
x
x
x
|
x
x
|
t
x
x
|
x x |x x

J.C,, ii., Jan., 1879

29

‘ULVIULIIONPIF

xX

‘URITIOWY “WN

‘puxlwoain

x |X |X

x

FIORDS,

x |X| x

x)

MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN

~
4

E

NORMAN : ON TH

S|) BS I} 2S Hh OS |] eS jl 2S

Xx
x |x
x

| xX

| x

es “‘purvjaoy
‘spuv[S] 901R.7
“vIURIISIIYD
*‘yiewUuacy
Se ‘purpeys
(ae
| vz
ss) 8]
S)
Se
2 | a
g 61 |
{ Sz puv gt |
4o}
Ss | Li
3
cg Qal0~e “sr
a vr |
oa
peti
‘plolyy UdSING 11 1

199) x
200} x
201
202
203} x
204) x
205
206
207
208

x
<i es || 2S

x
SLES I SS} Sol SSI BSS
4 | 52 |e I] Se
Pe NZS Meas
SSH SS SS SS ILS

xX |X |X |x|] xX

|x
x

x |X

200] x
210, x
Ai
Bie
219
220
22 MEX
222| x

30

227
228
229
230
DOT
meee
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
Bei
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260

261

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

Pleurotoma carinata, Bzvona
P. nivalis, (Zovéz)
Ps turricola, (AZont.)
vat. scalaris, (ALOU)
var. rosea, (Sars)
P. tenuicostata, Sazs
P. bicarinata var, violacea, (i. &

var. cylindracea, (oll )

P. Trevelyana, (Zu77.)
Defrancia linearis, (Afozz?.)
D. Leufroyi, (AZichaud)

D. purpurea, (AZonz.) |
Scalaria Trevelyana, Leach
S. communis, Law.

5. Groenlandica, (Chem)
Cypreea Europea, Mont.
Cylichna alba, (vow)

C. cylindracea, (7ez7.)

C. umbilicata, (AZont.) ...
C. nitidula, Lovin ae :
Utriculopsis g elobosa, (Lovin)
Volvula acuminata, (Br ug.)
Utriculus hyalinus, (Zurt.)
U. expansus, Jeffreys

U. truncatulus, (B7zg.)

U. mammillatus, (P/z/.)
Akera bullata, 42777.
Acteeon tornatilis, (Zz7.)
Bulla utriculus, Lroccht
Scaphander lignarius, ae)
S. puncto-striatus, (WL, & Ad.)
Philine scabra, Mill

P. quadrata, S Wood

P. punctata, Clark

Pteropoda.

Spirialis retroversus, (/Vem.)>

WO

> Ad.).

| rand 8

Oster Fiord.

pi =a
e)
LI
~~
fo
cae
Q} 69] +] unjo] me] a
x
x
x
4 |)
x
x
x
3S
x
x
x
x x || &
|] un} a | 19) OO} +
Omi almiasyala

J.C, ii, Jan., 1879

an

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

‘uvouvieypeyy | x KES KEKE x SOC Ee EG GE a ae eat
“UBOTISULY “AN XOX x x x x x x x x x
“DUL[UQIIL) Xe Ee xa. x x oO. x oR 2K 2S
*puUvyooy x x x X xX X x x ae
“SPURTS]T JOIv x x
“CIULTISTIUS) x x SS 2K Be 3S SK KK) ORE DK OK KK OK OS OS ER KR BK Xe eS
“YIVULUO(T x x x x xX xX xX X x x x xX X x X
“puvyqays OX XX =X XD Da eS ah Sa CRD aS Ges Aue PEO ORE EN WOT PAS TENS
[ Ie || se 5e x x x x Se Se
| VE x x x x x 3 x x x x
1S SG || x x x x x x x x x x
AI alien
= ZZ x x .
wa le x x Xx x x x
po)
© 61 | x x x x x
{ Sz puvgr | x x
= hi |
I x x x
5 x
q gl x x x x eet OS
oO
ay.) 6 (4
A Qc 0€ cae || x x
5)
fa V1 | x
oan x x
l ZI |
“ploly “| at | re x x
EPO DOHAMTAMNO FPO DOH A MAMO WO DAOHA MANO M&O DO
ANANAMMDMAMMNNMOMMOMMHM tee AaetttTT FT FMM YM WOM HWM WH NO
NANAANDAAAANAAAANAADAANANAAANAAANKHAANANAANANAAN

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

32

ADDITIONAL MOLLUSCA FOUND BY FRIELE, HAN-
& DANIELSSEN
THEIR DISTRIBUTION.*

. SEN, M. SARS, KOREN,
BERGEN DISTRICT, AND

Brought forward......
Bergen Mollusca.

Terebratula septata, P/z/....
Dacrydium vitreum, (JZ0//.) ...
Modiolaria nigra, (Gray) ...
M. discors, (Zz2.)

M. marmorata, (forbes)

Arca obliqua, Phil. . ac
Pecchiolia abyssicola, AZ Sars
Montacuta substriata, (AZozt.)
Lepton nitidum, Zz7<z.
Cardium exiguum, Gme/.

? Isocardia Cor, (Zzn.)
Astarte arctica, (Gray)
Tapes aureus, (Giel.)

T. virgineus, (Zzz.) .
Lucinopsis undata, (Penn. i
Psammobia tellinella, Lan.
Tellina crassa, (Gmnel.)

T. fabula, Gronov.

T. tenuis, Da Costa

T. pusilla, Prz7.

Mactra subtruncata, Da Costa
Lutraria elliptica, Lam.

Solen siliqua, Zzv....

261 | Bergen.

207 | Shetland.
134 | Denmark.

196 | Christiania.

x x

PSmtesse =P-5 es x xK X

Soe Oe SK Ke oe Be (ool

x xX

Saas

x

69 | Faroe Islands.

x

x 2S 28S
x

1X

IN (ie

enland.

67 | Gre

70 |

‘,
7

x

x

American

y
wr

NA

x

171 | Mediterranean

oo oe oS Ok

> >, ay eG

* The shelled mollusca are taken from Friele, Oversigt over dei Bergens
Omegn forekommende skaldekte Mollusker (Chr. Videns-Sesk. Forhand. 1873),
and Bidrag til Vestlandeds Molluskfauna (Chr, Videns-Selsk. Forhand. 1875,
p- 57), and Dunker and Metzger Zoologische Ergebnisse der Nordseefahrt 1872
(1873), p. 229. The Nudibranchiata are from Priel and Hansen, Bidrag til
Kundskaben om de norske Nudibranchier (Chr.

p. 69).

Videns-Selsk. Forhand, 1875

JiC-5 8. Jane long

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Solen pellucidus, Fez.
Lyonsia Noryegica, (Chew. )

L. arenosa (A/0//.)

Thracia truncata, Brown
Sphenia Binghami, Zivrz.
Saxicava Norvegica, (Speng.)
Pholas crispata, Z.

Teredo Norvegica, Speng.

T. megotara, Hanley...
Chiton Hanleyi, Beax
Tylodina Dubeni, Lovéx
Trochus affinis Sef a
Lacuna pallidula, (Da Costa)
Rissoa calathus, “2 & H.

R. reticulata, (Mont.)
Jeffreysia diaphana, Alder

J. opalina, (/ef-) 5
Homalogyra atomus, (Phil )
Aclis supranitida, iS Wood. a
Odostomia acuta, Jeff. .

O. clavula, (Lovén)

? O. Warreni, (Zhomp.)

O. diaphana, Te 2) ae Oe
Chemnitzia indistincta, (Mont)...
Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. =
Eulima polita, (L. ) :
Natica Groenlandica, Beck.
Lamellaria latens, Miill.
Velutina plicatilis, (4777)
Cerithiopsis tubercularis, Mont.
Trophon craticulatus, (Fad.)...
Fusus Islandicus, Chem.

F. Sarsu, /eff. a

F. propinquus, Alder’ abe
F. antiquus, (Z.) sas Bb
FS fenestratus, 277, 2... ere

JG, ii, Feb., 1879.

Se SS 8S SS 52 Se Se len!

Shetland.
Denmar

x Xx

3 3¢ led

DS oS eS PR OX

ON 0m OS

x

x

gah Se S82

MA
Coal
tol

Christiania.

Faroe Islands.

; Iceland.

Greenland.

), American.
Mediterranean.

=
4

N.1

Od
Wn

x xX

x OS

KRU OS OS

BS Pe Peas

OUP eS PS

ux

PS Os) OS Cemee. OS BS OA Oe OG SOG

x xX

34 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN

Defrancia teres, Forbes

D. reticulata, (Aenzer)
Pleurotoma costata, (Doz)

P. attenuata, (Jonz.) Ae
Scalaria Turtone, (Zurton) ... S00
Philine aperta, (Z.)

P. lima, Brown Fe

Aplysia punctata, Cur.

Doris tuberculata, Cuz.

D. obvelata, AZii//. at

D. Zetlandica, 4d. & Z.

D. bilamellata, Z.

D. muricata, AZ7i/7.

D. Lovéni, A. G 7.

D. pilosa, ‘Mill.

Goniodoris Danielsseni, ae oe Teta

Ancula cristata, (Alder) eee
Polycera quadrilineata, (AZi//.) ..
1D, OCelllaie, ZL So UEL ss. :
Triopa claviger, (AZid/.)...
Dendronotus arborescens, (AZ7/.)
Doto coronata, (Gwiel.) ...

D. crassicornis, JZ. Sazs

Eolis papillosa, (Z.)

EK. auriculata, J7id/.

E. rufibranchialis, Joust.

E. verrucosa, AZ. Sars

p EE, olivacea, Al) GP dala

Ey. flavescens, Friele & Hans.

E. despecta, (Hohnst.)

Elysia viridis, (Zonz.)

Acteonia corrugata, 4..& £7.
Limapontia nigra, Johist. ... ue

353

x lesiles| eX |

XEDOe xXx

x toOwx x

oS 0h 2S Eh 2S 28

Shetland.

xX XK

x

Hie || x teal lee)

179 | x

x

FIORDS.
i
o Sac
as a|s
ais Is ele
SS) bs lal
Sin |} Slals
Sia iol a) a) eh
oo | \— )
Slols\e\s\2
E22 sials
eC as el vo
Oye Seige
x
x
x x
|
| x
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
? |
x|x|x
|
x
x }
|S
|
x<alex x
x | x
|
x
x|x x
bse
x
x
+] SO] oO] +] aN
69/00 100 100 | |
Ia a

J.C, ii, Feb, 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 35

The foregoing table will, with respect to the majority of the
species which it contains, supply sufficient information. I shall
in the following notes refer to only a few of the mollusca which
are found in the British Seas, and described in Jeffreys’ “ British
Conchology,” but give references—always to a good figure when I
know one—for such species as are not so well known to British
conchologists. |

3. Argiope cistellula, (S. Wood). Found on the south side
of Kors Fiord, off the bluff cliffs just west of the islet marked
in the chart “Skaarhl.” The strata of the rocks here are
almost perpendicular, and dip, with a slight northerly or out-
ward slope, right down into the abyss, and thus within 1roo—

200 yards of the shore the dredge is dropped in 180 fathoms

(Station 23). From this position the dredge was drawn

shoreward, and the boat was sometimes moored to the rocks

as the dredge was being hauled up the perpendicular slope
of the submerged cliff. This slope forms a magnificent pre-
serve for sponges, &c.; while the debris at the bottom is very

rich in small and rare mollusca, as will be evidenced by a

reference to column 23. Among these small, rare mollusca

dead but perfect specimens of Argiope cistellula are not un-
frequent.

11. Pecten varius, (Lin.) At low water and Laminarian Zone
Islet of Bukken. The occurrence of this FPecten on the
Norwegian coast is of much interest, since in the British Seas
the typical form is not found anywhere on the Scotch coast,
though the species (or “ variety,” Jeffreys) P. mivea is Hebri-
dean ; and Jeffreys says that an intermediate variety is to
be met with at Jura. The typical dark-colored P. varius,
such as is found at Bukken, is however with us a southern
form. Bukken is its most northern habitat.

12, Pecten aratus, (Gmelin).

Pecten sulcatus, Muller, Zool. Dan. Prod., No. 209 5 (not

Pecten sulcatus, Chem.).

36

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Ostrea arata, (Gmelin). Lin.Syst. Nat., ed. xili., p.3327.

Pecten sulcatus, Lovén. Index Moll. Scand. (in Kong.
Vet. Akad. Forh., 1846, p. 184).

Pecten avatus, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., ii., p. 6 ; v. p. 167
pl. xcix., fig. 5 (figura bona).

This lovely little shell is distributed throughout the
district.

18. Pecten vitreus, (Chemn.)

Pallium vitreus, Chemnitz. Conch. Cab., vii, p. 335,
pl. Ixvu, fig. 3674.

Pecten vitreus, Lovén. Index Moll. Scand. (in Kong.
Vet. Akad. Forh., 1846, p. 185).

Pecten vitreus, Jeff. Brit. Conchol., v., p. 168, pl. xcix.,
fig. 6.
Rarer in the district examined than the next, which is
undoubtedly only a smooth variety of P. vetreus.

19. Pecten vitreus var. abyssorum, Lovén, MS.

Pecten abyssorum, M. Sars. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1868,
p. 256 (name only, no description), Bidrag til Kundskab. om
Christianiafjordens Fauna, 1870, pt. 1, p. 99.

Found—Oster Fiord, Bergen Fiord, north of Bukken,
Kors Fiord, in 80o—,4oo fathoms.

20. Pecten Hoskynsi, Forbes.

Pecten Hoskynst, Forbes. Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1843 (1844),
p. 188.

Pecten antiquatus, Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 61,
pl. xvi., fig. 5 (described and figured from left valve).

Pecten fimbriatus, Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 60,
pl. xvi., fig. 6 (described and figured from right valve).

Pecten imbrifer, Lovén. Index Moll. Scand. (in Kong.
Vet. Akad. Forhand, 1846, p. 185).

Pecten mammuillatus, M. Sars. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1858, p. 13 (name only, no description).

J.C., ii, Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 37

Pecten Hoskynst, Wyville Thomson. “Depths of the Sea,”
p. 465 (figura optima).

In 80—180 fathoms south side of Kors Fiord, and to
the north of Bukken, off Slettin. The peculiar character of
the vaulted, cup-like scales at once serves to distinguish
P. Floskynsi from its allies. The specimens found near
Bukken were small, but Herr Friele showed me examples
taken by the Norwegian Expedition last year in the Jan
Mayen Seas which were very much larger. One of these
(far from the largest) which he kindly gave me, is 18
millimetres from side to side. In these larger specimens
the vaulted scales are not apparent, but the position they
would occupy is indicated by ripple-like undulations in the
concentric striz. The Sicilian fossils Pecten antiguatus and
L. fimbriatus of Philippi, appear to be founded on the left
and right valve of P. Hoskynsi respectively. ‘The left valve
shows no sign of the vesicular, vaulted scales, but is elegantly
sculptured with very regular and distinct concentric striz.

23. Lima excavata, (J. C. Fab.)
Ostrea-excavata, Chem. Conchol. vii, p. 355, pl. xviii,

fig. 654.
Lima excavata, Reeve. Conchol. Iconica, “Lima,” 1872,
lel ge ees

A full-grown, living specimen of this grand shell taken
at Station 23; at the other stations marked in the table only
single but quite fresh valves were procured. The chief
locality for the species is the Hardanger Fiord.

28. Lima crassa, Forbes.
Lima crassa, Forbes.
Limea Sarsit, Lovén. Index Moll. Scand. (in Kong. Vet.
Akad. Forhand., 1846, p. 186).
Lima Sarsi, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., i, p. 78, and v.,
p- 160, pl. xxv., fig. I.

38 ‘NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Lima Sarsit, Reeve. Conchol. Icon., “Lima,” 1872,
Ib Wey kes AO,

At Station 15, but especially at 19, single valves were
abundant, but only a few small living specimens were found.
This little bivalve seems to be destroyed wholesale by a
univalve enemy, for nearly half of the valves found had been
pierced by a Gasteropod, perhaps by the smaller /Vazice
(Alderi, Montagui, and affinis) which are abundant in the
same locality.

32. Crenella decussata, (Mont.) Only a single living speci-
men occurred, south side of Kors Fiord, in 20o—3o fathoms.
34. Nucula tumidula, Malm.

Nucla tumidula, Malm. Scand. Naturf. Forh., viii., 1860,
Ds Gait

Nucula pumila, Asbjornsen, MS., M. Sars, Videns-Selsk.
Forhand, 1868, p. 256.

Throughout the district in 20?—400 fathoms on a fine
mud bottom. In “British Conchology” Jeffreys mistakingly
gave Malm’s species as a variety of mzc/ews and recorded it
from Shetland; he has more recently become acquainted
with the true lV. ¢wmidula (not yet found in our seas), and
regards it as a good species (vzde “Norwegian Mollusca,”
Ann. Nat. Hist., June 1870, p. 3, separate copy).

37. Leda pernula, (Miiller).

Arca pernula, Miller. Beschaftigungen naturf. Freunde,
Iv. 1779, p. 57 (fide Lovén).

Leda pernula, S. Wood. Crag Mollusca, pt. iL, p. 93,
pl. x., fig. 13 a—c.

Leda pernula, Reeve. Conchol. Icon., “ Leda,” 1871,
PUA aIE, hig. ts:

At Station 16, near the entrance of Fane Fiord, in 50-—
120 fathoms were dredged two dead valves. These corres-
sponded so closely in appearance with the condition ofthe

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 39

valves dredged by Mr. Jeffreys and myself in St. Magnus’
Bay, Shetland (vide Brit. Assoc. Report, 1867, p. 432) that
I concluded if the latter were fossil the former must also be
regarded as such. A few days later, however, Leda pernula
was found living in great profusion at Station 24... I venture
to predict that the day will come when the species will be
found similarly living in the Shetland Sea.

38. Yoldia arctica, (Gray).
Nucula arctica, Gray. ‘Supplement to the Appendix to
Parry’s First Voyage,” 1819-20, p. 241 (1824) (not WV. arctica
of Moller, Morch, Sars earlier papers, nor of Broderip and
Sowerby, fide Zorelt).
Nucula truncata, Brown. Illust. Conch. Gt. Brit., ed. 1.
(1827), pl, xxv., fig. 19, ed. il. (1844), p. 84, pl. xxxil., fig. 19.
Arca glacialis, W. Wood, and of Hisinger ; Muculana
glacialis, Morch ; Voldia glacialis, Gray ; (but not Arca glace-
alis, Gray, “ Suppl. Parry’s Voyage,” which is a large Arctic
form of Arca obliqua, Philippi, over which name it has pre-
cedence).
Nucula Portlandica, Reeve. Account of shells collected
in Belcher’s Arctic Voyage, 1855, p. 396, pl. xxxil., fig. 3a—b.
(2? WV. Portlandica, Hitchcock).
Nucula stliqua, Reeve, l.c., pl. xxxiii., fig. 1.
Voldia Arctica, O. Torell. Spetsbergen Mollusca, 1859,
py 255
Voldia Arctica, M. Sars. Norge forekom. fossile Dyre-
levninger fra Quarteerperioden, 1865, p. 37, pl. iL, fig. 59-66,
pl. iii., fig. 67—74 (figuree bone).
Voldia glacialis, Reeve. Conchol. Iconica, “Yoldia,”
1871, pl. iil, fig. 12a—b.
Leda arctica, Jeffreys. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol. xx.
(1877); p- 238.

40

39:

40,

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

There has been the greatest confusion with respect to
the synonymy of this species, and I have therefore given it
rather fully. I dredged a single valve at Station 24; the
epidermis in a great measure remains on the shell, which is
in very much the same condition as are the valves of Leda
pernula already mentioned as from Station 16. Yoldia arctica
has however not yet been found living as far south as
Bergen, and therefore it will certainly for the present be
safer to regard this valve as fossil. Spirit-preserved speci-
mens are now before me which Captain Wiggens dredged on
“the west side of White Island, Kara Sea,” when on his
interesting voyage, in 1876, to the mouth of the Yenisei,
Yoldia tenuis, (Philippi).

Nucula tenuis, Philippi. Enum. Mollus. Sicil.,i, p. 65,
Dltv.,) 118) O:

Leda pygmea, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol. i1, p. 154, pl.
IOAN y IE Sp

This shell is well known to conchologists as Leda py.gmea,
but Jeffreys has recently stated that it is not Minster’s
species and has therefore adopted Philippi’s name (‘Valorous’
Report, Proc. Royal Soc., xxv., 1876, p. 191). Besides the
typical form, which is generally diffused throughout the district
examined, a variety was met with in deeper water which seems
almost intermediate betweén Voldia tenuis and Voldia abysst-
cola, Torell (Spetsbergen Mollusca, p. 29, pl. i., fig. 4a—b).
Yoldia lucida, Loven.

Voldia lucida, Lovén. Index Mollus.Scand., 1845, p. 188,

Heda twerdg, \etireys, But Conchol,, vip. 1735. plac
fig. 1.

Voldia lucida, Reeve. Conchol. Icon., “‘ Yoldia,” 1871,
(Debit Wes 7/4

Common in deep water down to 400 fathoms, ona
muddy bottom.

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. AI

41. Yoldia frigida, Torell.

Yoldia frigida, Torell. Spetsbergen Mollusker, p. 28,
Tbk Me OU, ey

Yoldia nana, M.Sars. Fossile Dyrelevninger fra Quartzer-
perioden, 1865, p. 99, pl. iv., fig. 118—r20, Bidrag til Kunds.
Christianiafjordens Fauna, pt. il, 1870, p. 98.

Yoldia frigida, Reeve, Conchol. Iconica. “ Yoldia,” 1871,
pl. iv., fig. 16 (bad copy from Torell).

Found in several of the deepest dredgings, but numeric-
ally very scarce. Jeffreys has recorded it from Japan.

42. Yoldia Messanensis, (Sequenza, MS.)

Leda acuminata, Jeffreys. Ann. Nat. Hist., July 1870,
p. 5 (not Leda acuminata, Von Buch).

Leda Messanensis, Sequenza, MsS., Jeffrey's ‘Valorous’
Report, Proc. Royal Soc., 1876, p. 190.

Described in 1870 from the Mediterranean. This well-
marked species has since been found in the bed of the
Atlantic by the ‘Porcupine,’ ‘Valorous,’ and ‘Challenger’
Expeditions, and is now added to the Norwegian Fauna in
200—400 fathoms. The three stations in which it was
procured and where it was very rare are all in Oster Fiord
and close together. I believe Herr Friele had previously
found it in this locality.

43 Malletia obtusa, (M. Sars).

Voldia abyssicola, M. Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1858, p. 86 (not Yoldza abyssicola, 'Yorell).

Voldia obtusa, M. Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1868, p. 256.

Yoldta obtusa, G. O. Sars. ‘Some remarkable forms ot
Animal Life from the great Deeps off the Norwegian Coast,”
pt.1, 1872, p. 23, pl. ili, fig. 16—20.

Malletta obtusa, Morch. Skand. Naturforskermode,
1873, P. 375:

42

NORMAN! ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

Malletia obtusa, Metzger. Zoologische Ergebnisse der
Nordseefahrt, 1874, p. 233.

The district examined by me is just that from which the
known examples of this fine shell have chiefly come. Here it
was first found by Dr. Koren, as mentioned in Sars’ descrip-
tion, and here, too, the specimens recorded by Metzger were
dredged. It only inhabits the deepest water, 200— 400 f,
on a fine mud bottom, and in such localities was procured in
Oster Fiord, Kors Fiord, and the Bukken district.

44. Limopsis minuta, Philippi.

Pentunculus (Limopsis) minutus, Philippi. Enum. Moll.
Sievl,, WHAO, >, OF wk we ities 3.

Limopsts borealis, Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., v., p. 174, pl. c,
fig. 3.

Living on a muddy bottom, in 100—200 fathoms, in
Kors Fiord.

46. Arca nodulosa, Miller.

Arca nodulosa, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., i., p. 180; v.,
Pt OplNG ee 2,

Rough ground in Bergen Fiord and Leerosin, 40—100 f,
on dead shells and stones; nestling, wherever it can, in a
crevice.

50. Decipula ovata, Jeffreys.

Decipula ovata, Jeffreys. MS., Friele, Bidrag til Vestlandets
Molluskfauna (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1875, p. 57).

Mr. Jeffreys and myself each found a single specimen of
this extremely rare and interesting bivalve in Oster Fiord,
his example being met with in 1oo—z2oo f. Station 2, and
mine in 400 f. Station 9. It was in Oster Fiord also that my
friend Herr Herman Friele obtained the first Norwegian
specimen. Decipula ovata first became known to Dr.
Jeffreys among the products of the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition
of 1869.

J.C,, ii, Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 43

56. Axinus flexuosus, var. Sarsii, Philippi.

a7:

58.

65.

67.

Axinus Sarsit, Philippi. M. Sars, Reise i Lofoten og
Finmarken (in Mag. fur Naturvidenskabern, 1850, p. 48).

Cryptodon Sarstz,M. Sars. Malacozoologiske Jagttagelsen
(in Videns-Selsk. Forhand, 1864, p. 3, pl. iv. and v.)

The fine Axznus Sarsit was much more abundant in
these dredgings than A. ffexuosus, and attains much greater
size, especially at Stations 7 and 24. I am unable to satisfy
myself that it is more than a variety of A. fexuwosus, but it is not
a variety which results either from softness of ground or depth
of water, as suggested by Jeffreys on Malms’ authority (Brit.
Conchol., i, p. 251), for my finest specimens are from very
shallow water and the softest possible ground.

Axinus Croulinensis, Jeffreys.

Axinus pusillus, M. Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1868, p. 257 (name only, no description).

Rare ; Oster Fiord ; north of Bukken; Kors Fiord.
Axinus eumyarius, M. Sars.

Axinus eumyartus, M. Sars. Bidrag til kunds. om Chr.
Fauna, pt. ii., r&70, p. 87, pl. xil., fig. 7—1O0.

This very small but strongly characterized species is at
once known from the young of its congeners by its long and
conspicuous muscular impressions, which appear shining as
opaque, white lines through the shell. Muddy bottom, roo-
400 fathoms.

Cardium minimum, Phil. A shell never absent from the
greater depths, of which it is markedly characteristic,
Kelliella abyssicola, M. Sars.

Kelliella abyssicola, M. Sars. Bidrag til kunds. om Chr.
Fauna, pt. il., 1870, p. 89, pl. xu., fig. 1r—15 and pl. ili.

Tsocardia Cor (young), Jeffreys. Norwegian Mollusca

- (in Ann. Nat, Hist., June 1870, p. 4, separate copy).

44

71.

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

This little shell was abundant everywhere on the mud in
great depths, but I did not see asign of Ssocardia Cor.
Jeffreys is of opinion that it is the young of that species; but
even suppose it be that the “‘adults bury themselves in the
sand beyond the reach of a light dredge,” surely we should
expect to find an occasional specimen of intermediate growth
in places where the supposed young swarm; yet out of the
thousands that passed under my eye in the various localities
noted in the table, I was unable to find one that exceeded
3 mill. in length. Moreover, M. Sars has pointed out
marked difference in the animals. Regarding therefore the
question whether these little shells are adult or not, as a
question at least still “sub judicibus,” to avoid mistakes I
employ here Sars’ name.

Astarte crenata, Gray.

Astarte crenata, Gray. Supplem. Parry’s First Voyage.

Astarte crebricostata, McAndrew and Forbes. Ann. Nat,
Pist, xc, 1647, 0p) 96, pli xnnewy:

A single valve dredged at Station 24 to the N.E. of
Bukken. It is recent looking, more so than those valves
dredged by Mr. McAndrew among the Hebrides, which are
in my collection, but like Yoldia arctica, which was found
with it, must be presumed to be fossil. Even as a fossil its
occurrence is interesting, inasmuch as it is not to be found
among the shells enumerated by M. Sars in his admirable
“Om dei norske forekommende fossile Derelevninger fra
Quarterperioden,” 1865.

. Circe minima, (Mont.)

One living specimen, south side of Kors Fiord. It is
extremely rare as a Norwegian mollusk; I believe that the
only previous instance of its occurrence was when M. Sars
dredged a single perfect specimen and a few valves near
Bergen, which are now in the Christiania Museum. I was

J.C., ii, Feb., 1879

80.

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 45

glad to have dredged a mollusk of which no Norwegian
example was in the collection of my kind friend Herr
Herman Friele, and to have the pleasure of piacing it there.
Tapes decussatus, (Lin.) Living at low water, Bukken;
its most northern habitat, I believe.

82. Tellina cal€area, Chem.

93

96.

37:

Tellina calcavea, Chem. Conch., vi., pl. xui., fig. 136.

Tellina proxima, Forbes & Hanley. Brit. Moll., 1, p. 307,
Ok, Srosle, Taree a

Abundant in a narrow channel to the east of Bernestan-
gen, Oster Fiord, in about ro fathoms, and in a locality of
exactly similar character near Bukken.
Thracia convexa, (W. Wood). Several perfect young
specimens and full-grown single valves both at Oster Fiord
and near Bukken, shallow water.

. Poromya granulata, (Nyst. & West.) Leerosin and off

Bornestangen, Sartoro, in 40—r110 fathoms, the specimens of
gigantic size as compared with those from the Hebrides,
measuring fully hali-an-inch (13 mill.) long.
Nezera abbreviata, Forbes. Local; only to the N. and
N.E. of Bukken. This is another species which attains
much larger size than in our own seas, reaching to mill. in
length.
Nezera ooesa, Lovén.

Weera obesa, Lovén. Index. Moll. Scand. (in Kong. Vit.
Akad. Forhand, 1846, p. 202).

Mr. Jeffreys found the only specimen procured by us at
Oster Fiord, Station 6, 50—100 fathoms.

. Neegra jugosa, S. Wood.

Neera jugosa, 5. Wood. Mon. Crag Mollusca, 1856
p. 272, pl. xxx., fig. 7a—b. |

46

IO..

TO7e

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Neera lamellosa, M. Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand,
1868, p. 257 (name only, no description).

Generally distributed in suitable localities in too—4oo f.
throughout the district examined. Younger specimens. of
this small /Veera are easily recognised by their elevated con-
centric lamellz, but as the shell increases in size the lamelle
become more and more obscure, and it then approaches very
near to LV. obesa, Lovén.

Nezera rostrata, (Speng.)

NVeera rostrata, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., i, p. 51, v.,
TGny Ok ocho, warey A

Fine specimens taken in the neighbourhood of Bukken.
It 1s somewhat remarkable that the six species of ecera
found by me in the neighbourhood of Bukken are the same
six forms which are given in the most recent list of Mediter-
ranean Mollusca, that by Marquess Monterosato (‘“‘Nuova
Revista delle Conchyglie Mediterranee, 1875), as the only
members of the Genus inhabiting that sea; yet two of these
are nevertheless altogether absent from the British Seas, and the
remaining four extremely local and rare. The fact of their
absence or scarcity must be explained, I think, by the few
spots in the British Seas where the conditions favorable to, if
not necessary for, their existence, are fulfilled; namely, a
depth of water exceeding 50 fathoms anda bottom of very
fine mud. Loch Fyne is almost the only spot in our seas
which fulfils these conditions. Around Shetland there is
sufficient depth of water, but the bottom is sometimes coarse,
more generally a grit (broken shell and Foraminifera), but
very rarely, if ever, a fine mud. Indeed I do not recall to
mind an impalpable mud as occurring anywhere in the open
sea round Shetland.
Panopea plicata, (Mont.) Living specimens, south side
of Kors Fiord, 200—300 fathoms, Station 13.

J.Cy i., Feb., 1879

108.

Iio.

Iit.

I12.

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 47

Saxicava rugosa, (Lin.) Living specimens found are
small; but at Bukken fossil valves of enormous size and
thickness are washed out of a deposit on the shore, together
with Mya truncata var. Uddevalensis, &c. These valves
correspond with those figured by Middendorff from the
Siberian Seas (Saxicava pholadis, Middendorff Siberische
Reise, Band, ii. (1851), p. 253, pl. xxiv., fig. 1—7).
Dentalium entalis, Lin.
Dentalium entalis var. striolatum, Stimps.
Dentalium striolatum, Stimpson. Proc. Boston Nat. Hist.
Soc., Oct. 1851 ; Shells of New England, 1851, p. 28.
Dentalium abyssorum, M. Sars. Foss. Dyrelevninger fra
Quartzrperioden, 1865, p. 42, pl. ii, fig. t00—106.
Dentalium abyssorum, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., ii., p. 197,
Dil, Gly 1G Te
Dentalium abyssorum var. agile, M. Sars.
Dentalium incertum, Philippi. Fauna Molluscorum regni

-utriusque Siciliz, ii., p. 207 (fide Jeffreys, but not D. zncertum,

Deshayes).

Dentalium agile, M. Sars. G. O. Sars’ “Remarkable
forms of Animal Life from the great Deeps off the Norwegian
Coast,” 1. (1872), p. 31, pl. ii., fig. 4—15.

I-cannot satisfy myself that the differences which separate
Dentalium abyssorum and D. agile of Sars from D. entalis, are
anything more than varietal, though doubtless many other
so called species of Dentaliwm have been established on
similarly slight modifications. DD. abyssorum appears to be a
deep-water, striated form of J. extalis, to which it is united
by every step in gradation of the amount of sculpture, so that
it is impossible anywhere to draw a positive line of distinction;
nor can the D. agile of Sars be regarded, I think, as other
than a deep-sea, slender, straighter form of the same species.
As we descend further into the abyss of the sea, where the

48 .

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

mollusca are less and less exposed to be disturbed by tide,
storm, or current, and especially where combined with this
state of quietude the bottom isa soft, almost impalpable mud,
we expect to find and do find that they become more and more
slender, thin-shelled and delicate; and this is just what takes
place with respect to Dentalium entalis. The type form is
everywhere in the shallower waters, and in roo f. and deeper
is associated with D. abyssorum, which ranges in too—4oo f.
in the district examined; but full grown D. agi/e were only
met with at one spot to the south of Bukken in about 200
fathoms. Prof. G. O. Sars has given a table of the compara-
tive length and width of aperture in the three shells. In the
following table I reproduce the measurements he gives of
the largest shells, and add those of some examined by myself.

D. entalis.

Length of Shell. Width at aperture. Authority.
1.—42 Mill. ... st AWG “d56 G. O. Sars (largest).
De AP aia) Liste ish es ee Bukken, Norway, A.M.N.
B= GON Seip eee nat ind ioe Britain (Cumbrae) A.M.N.
D. striolatum.
Tea 49) fel ee ae Si tuea hae G. O. Sars (largest).

to
|

oa

aN

G. O. Sars (next).
ao ae Norway, A.M.N.
4.—41 4, .. a Ane Abb Norway, A.-M.N.

(os)
|
aS
(ore)
a

D. agile.
Tees 58) nis plnene wis /atey ua G. O. Sars (largest).
2-—45 55 Ries a G. O. Sars (next).
Sheehy ae BF Sogne Fiord, 670 f.*
4-—48 ,, A. Bukken, 200 f., A.M.N.
5-—47 55 Aen Bukken, 200 f., A.M.N.
6.—45 5; 33, Bukken, 200 f., A.M.N.

Tt will be seen from the above that the Bukken specimens
of D. agile from 200 fathom, which agree with that form in

*° A specimen for which I am indebted to Herr H. Friele.

J.C, it, Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 49

their very slight curvation, have a greater proportional dia-
meter than 1 and 2, Sars’ type specimens, which were from
the greater depth of zoo—300 fathoms, while that from Sogne
Fiord at the great depth of 670 fathoms is of about the same
proportions as these latter. The specimens of each form
measured by me are not in any other way selected—they are
simply the largest I possess.
113. Siphonodentalium Lofotense, M. Sars.

Siphonodentalium Lofotense, M. Sars. Malacozoologiske
Jagttagelser (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1864), p. 17,
(separate copy), pl. vi., fig. 29—33.

Siphonodentalium Lofotense, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., v.,
De LO Ss) Placita 2.

Oster Fiord, Bergen Fiord, and upper part of Kors Fiord,
opposite entrance to Bukken, in ro0— 400 fathoms.

114. Siphonodentalium tetragonum, (Brocchi).
Entalina tetragonum, Brocchi. Notiz. foss. M. pell. e
Ficar., p. 27 (fide Monterosato).
Dentalium quinguangulare, Forbes. Brit. Assoc. Rep.,
1843 (1844), p. 188.
Dentalium abyssorum, junior, Sars. Foss. Dyrelevninger
fra Quarteerperioden, 1864, p. 43, fig. 107—109.
Stiphonodentalium pentagonum, M. Sars. Malacozoolo-
giske Jagttagelser (in Videns-Selsk. Forhand, 1864), p. 27, pl.
vil, fig. 45—55 (figuree bonee).
Dentalium gquinguangulatum, Reeve. Conchol. Iconica,
“ Dentalium,” 1872, pl. v., fig. 35 (figura mala).
Common in fine mud, 50—400 fathoms.
115. Cadulus subfusiformis, (M. Sars).
Stphonodentalium subfusiforme, M. Sars. Malacozoolo-
giske Jagttagelser (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1864,)
p. 21, pl. vi., fig. 36— 40; pl. vili., fig. 41 —44 (but not Cadulus
subfustformis, Jeffreys’ British Conchology.)

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879, B3

50

116.

118.

130.

137:

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Helonyx subfusiformis, Monterosato. Nuova Revista
delle Conchyglie Mediterranee, 1875, p. 20.

In the upper part of Kors Fiord, directly south of the
entrance to Bukken, in 1roo—200 fathoms. ‘This shell was

dredged by Jeffreys and myself in Shetland, but the more

abundant form in Shetland, and that which is described and
figured under this name, Cadwlus subfustformrs, in “ British
Conchology,” has since been regarded as a distinct species,
and has been named by Marquess Monterosato Helonyx
Jeffreysit. He places these allied forms in the genus He/onyx,
Stimpson, and thus distinguishes them.

“ Felonyx Jeffreysiz. Apertura anteriore obliquamente
troncata ; base o apertura posterlore compressa, leggermente
intaccata a chiascum lato.” :

“ Helonyx subfusiformis. Piu piccolo e meno gibboso
del precedente ; apertura anteriore troncata; apertura pos-
teriore non compressa circolare e non intaccata.”

Cadulus propinquus, G. O. Sars.

Cadulus propinguus, G. O. Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Norw.,
1878, p, 106, pl. xx., fig. 15a—b.

Larger and more tumid than the last ; occurring in several
stations, Oster Fiord, Bergen and Kors Fiord, in 100—400 f.
Just described by Sars.

Chiton alveolus, M. Sars.

Chiton alveolus, M. Sars, MS. Lovén, Index Moll. Scand.
(in Kong. Vet. Akad. Forhand., 1846), p. 159.

Frequent in depths down to roo fathoms.

Lepeta czeca, (Miiller).

Oster Fiord, north of Bukken, and Kors Fiord, in to—

180 fathoms.

Cyclostrema basistriatum, Jeffreys.
Cyclostrema basistriata, Jeffreys, MS. Friele, Oversigt

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879

133,

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 51

over dei Bergens Omegn forekommende skaldzekte Mollusker
(in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1873, p. 15).

Cyclostrema basistriatum, Jeffreys. Ann. Nat. Hist., March
1877, Pp. 234. |

Cyclostrema FPetersent, Friele. Prelim. Rept. on Mollusca
of the Norwegian N. Atlant. Exped., 1876 (in Nyt. Mag. fra
Naturvidenskaberne, 1877, p. 3).

An abyssal mollusk, rare in 100-400 f., in Oster Fiord and
Kors Fiord. Herr Friele tells me that he now considers his
C. Peterseni to be a more developed state of the shell he had
previously recorded as C. basistriatum, Jeffreys, MS.
Cyclostrema trochoides, Jeffreys, MS.

Cyclostrema trochoides, Jeffreys, MS. Friele, Bidrag til
Vestlandets Molluskfauna (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,

1875, p. 60).
Off Bornestangen, Sartoro, 40 fathoms. First dredged

_ by Jeffreys in the ‘Porcupine’ Exped., 1870, off the Portuguese

147.

coast; and subsequently by Friele in the Bergen district. It
has not however yet been described.

29. Moelleria levigata, Jeffreys, MS.

Mollerta levigata, Jeffreys, MS. Friele, Bid. til Vestlandets
Molluskfauna (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1875, p. 60).

Another undescribed species, found south side of Kors
Fiord in 180 fathoms, in company with Cyclostrema bast-
striatum, &c.
Craspedotus limbatus, (Phil., junior).

Monodonta limbata, Philippi. Faun. Moll. Sicil., in,
Tevidip (JUS y/5 (Olin oye Iii 10)

“ Monodenta Tinez, Calc.=TZ. horridus, O. G. Costa.
Pallus.=Helecella costellata, O. G.Costa,” (fide Monterosato).

Trochus (Monodonta) limbatus, Friele, Bergens Omegn
forekom. skaldeekte Mollus. (Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1873), p. 16 (no description).

52

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Craspedotus Tinet, Monterosato. Nuovo Revista delle
Conchiglie Mediterranee, 1875, p. 25 (no description).

The synonomy which I have given in brackets is that of
Monterosato, as I have had no opportunity of consulting the
authors referred to. Dr. Jeffreys, however, tells me that
Weinkauff disputes this shell being Af TZinez of Calcara,
and I therefore have adopted Philippi’s name.

Two or three specimens dredged off Bornestangen, in the
Island of Sartoro (just south of the passage known as Leerosin)
in 40 fathoms; and one very young on the south side of Kors
Fiord in 180 fathoms.

The ground on which this shell was dredged, off Bor-
nestangen, in Sartoro, is a rich rufous shell-sand. I found
nothing like it anywhere else, and the condition of the
Craspedotus found by me, as well as of those I saw in Friele’s
collection is such to suggest that they may be fossil. Indeed
the rufous shell-sand was so different from anything else I
had seen, that I was at first disposed to regard not only the
Craspedotus but also the very numerous valves of Lama Sarstt
and other shells found with it, which had the same appearance,
as fossil, but I subsequently, on careful examination, found
the Zima Sarsi alive in the same dredging, nor could I find
any signs of other species which suggested any fossil possi-
bility unless it were fragments of Scalaria Grenlandica, but
although I did not find this species living or perfect, it has
been found by M. Sars at “Manger, 40 f.” It is a strong
argument, moreover, in favour of the specimens of this Medi-
terranean shell found here and elsewhere on the Norwegian
coast being recent, that the shell is altogether unknown as a
glacial fossil. I think it likely that the shell-sand at Station
rg has been drifted up Kors Fiord, and had I the opportunity
—which I hope others may have—I should dredge carefully
the northern side of Kors Fiord between Haakelsund and
Kleppesto.

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879

Eee

154.

165.

167.

ey

174.

176

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 53

Rissoa Jeffreysii, Waller.
Not rare in Kors Fiord; also in Oster Fiord, 1oo—200 f.

Rissoa abyssicola, Forbes.
A few specimens in one dredging only, Oster Fiord, 375 f.

Rissoa cingellus, (Mont.) This is, I believe, a very local
shell in this part of Norway; living under stones between
tide-marks at Bukken.

Rissoa turgida, Jeffreys.

Rissoa turgida, Jeffreys. Norwegian Mollusca (Ann.
Nat. Hist., June 1870), p. 8.

A single living specimen* in 100—200 f., Oster Fiord.

Lzocochiis granosa, (S. Wood).

Certthium granosum, S. Wood. Palzont. Soc., 1848,
Os Way ile Nawuly 10, Gp

Triforis McAndvei, H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856,
Ds Te

Triforis nivea, M. Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1858, p. 85.

Leocochlis Pommeranie, Dunker & Metzger. Nach. d.
deutsch. Malaco.-zool. Gesellschaft, 1874, p. 7; and Nordsee-
fahrt der Pommerania, 1874, pp. 249 and 258, pl. vi., fig. 3
and woodcut, p. 264, fig. 3.

A single living example of this interesting sinistral mol-
lusk dredged, Leerosin 80—110 f.

Aclis unica, (Mont.) Off Bornestangen, Sartoro, 15—40
fathoms; Haakelsund in 3 fathoms; one specimen only
in each locality.

. Aclis Walleri, Jeffreys, var. carinata, Norman.

An Ads from 180 f. south side of Kors Fiord differs
from the typical Aclis Walleri—of which, however, I would

* This and several other recently described and MS. species have been

kindly examined for me by Dr. Jeffreys.

54

10/7 Fo

188.

200,

201.

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

consider it a variety—in having a distinct well-marked keel
running round the centre of the whorls.
Aclis ventrosa, Jeff., var. minor, Friele.

Aclis ventrosa var. minor, Friele. Bidrag til Vestlandets
Molluskfauna (in Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand., 1875), p. 61,
OIW i Hee, Glo

Very rare; off Bornestangen in Sartoro, 15—40 f.
Odostomia albella, (Lovén). Living under stones be-

tween tidemarks at Bukken, in company with Aéssoa céngellus
and A/ydrobia ulve var. Barleet.

. Odostomia minima, Jeffreys. A single specimen of this

minute but very distinct Odostomia in 180 f., Kors Fiord;
new to the Norwegian Fauna.

Natica affinis, (Gmelin).

Lerita affints, Gmelin. Lin. Syst. Nat., ed. xiil., p. 3675.

Natica affinis, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., v., p. 215, pl. cii.,
fig. 3.

Bergen Fiord; off Bornestangen, and Haakelsund, and
at the entrance to Fane Fiord, 4—200 f.

Natica Islandica, (Gmel.) One young specimen at
Station 19.

. Aporrhais Serresianus, (Michaud).

Rostellaria Serrestana, Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord.,
li., 1828, p. 120, fig. 3—4.

Chenopus Serresiana, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic., ii., 1844,
p. 185, pl. xxvi., fig. 6.

The Aforrhars pes-carbonis, F. & H. (=A. McAndree,
Jeffreys) is nothing more than a dwarf form of this shell.
But the specimens which I dredged at Station 17 do not
belong to that dwarf (Shetland) form but are the true Sevre-
stanus, and correspond exactly with the specimens taken by
the ‘Porcupine’ Expedition in 1869, off Valentia, 100 f.

J.C.; i, Feb., 1879

207.

24.

216.

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 55

(Prelim. Report, ‘Porcupine’ Expedition, Proc. Royal Soc.,
1870, p. 416), and subsequently in the same locality by Mr.
Waller.

Cancellaria viridula, (Fab.)

Tritontum viridulum, Fab. Faun. Groenl., 1770, p. 402.

Admete crispa, Moller. Index Moll. Greenl. in Naturhist.
Tidss., iv., 1842, p. 88.

Cancellarta buccinoides, Couthouy. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.,
ilo 10s OMS [Oly Wily Tele, Se

Cancellaria Couthouyi, Jay. Cat. Gould Invert. Massac.,
1841, p. 283, fig. 190.

Cancellaria Couthouyt, DeKay. Zool. New York, 1843,
p. 183, pl. vil, fig. 160.

Cancellaria viridula, Middendorff. Beit. z Malakoz.
Ross., pt. il, 1849, p. 110, pl. x., fig. 1—4.

Off Slettin, which is a little north of Bukken, 50—80 f;
and Haakelsund in Kors Fiord, 200 f.

Buccinum Humphreysianum, Bennett. One living
halfgrown example, near the entrance of Fane Fiord.

Trophon clathratus, (Lin.)

Murex clathratus, Lin. Syst. Nat., edit. xii, 563, (not
T. clathratus, F. & H.)

The typical Z: clathvatus is a truly Arctic recent form.
It is alsoa common glacial fossil, and is occasionally dredged
ina fossil state. A specimen in this condition I dredged in
Bergen Fiord; but some other smaller specimens, which Dr.
Jeffreys agrees with mein referring to the typical, few-ribbed
Arctic form, were dredged, which appear quite recent though
the animal was notin them. Unfortunately I had not at
first recognised these as distinct from the var. ¢rwncatus, with
which therefore I mixed them, and thus do not know the
exact spot in which they occurred.

56

27.

222.

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Trophon clathratus var. Gunneri, (Lovén).

Tritonium Gunnert, Lovén. Index Moll. Scand. (in
Kong. Vet. Akad. Forhand., 1846), p. 144.

Two young specimens of this marked variety, chiefly
distinguished ‘‘varicibus 9g—tr10 albis, fostice auriculato-cris-
tatis,” dredged Station 19.

Columbella rosacea, (Gould).

Buccinum rosaceum, Gould. Silliman’s Journal, xxxviil.,
p- 197, and Invert. Massac., 1841, p. 311, fig. 195.

Mangelia Holbollit, Moller. Index Moll. Groenl. (in
Naturhist. Tidssk., iv., 1842, p. 85).

Columbella Holbollit, Morch. Prod. Faun. Moll. Greenl.,
1857, Pp. 14.

Mangelia Holbollit, Waller. Journ. Royal Dublin Soc.,
1858, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. ra—b.

A single specimen, worn and fossil looking, but perhaps
recent, in Bergen Fiord.

. Columbella nana, (Lovén). One only; 180 f. south side

of Kors Fiord.

. Metzgeria alba, (Jeffreys).

Tritontum pusillum,M.Sars. Chr. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1858, p. 39, (name only).

Latirus albus, Jeffreys, (in Wyville Thomson’s “Depths
of the Sea,” 1873, p. 464, wood cut).

Lathyrus and Meyeria albellus, Dunker and Metzger.
Nach. d. deutsch. Malok.-Zool.-Gesellschaft, 1874, p. 8; and
Zool. Ergebnisse der Nordseefahrt, 1874, p. 257 and 264 (wood
cut).

A very young specimen dredged in 15—40 fathoms, off
Bornestangen in Sartoro. This shell is not properly referable
to Latirus, and Dunker and Metzger have established a genus
Meyeria to receive it, but Aeyerta, as well.as AZeyerzna and

J.C. ii, Feb., 1879

225,

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 57

Meyerella,* have all been previously employed, and I therefore
suggest the dedication of the genus to Metzger (Metzgeria).
Taranis Morchi, (Malm.)

Trophon Morcht, Malm. Gdotebergs’ Videns o Vetterh.
Samh. Hand. 1863, 11, pl. il, fig. 5.

Mangelia Morchi, M. Sars. Om de inorge forekom. foss.
Dyrelevninger fra Quartzerperioden, 1865, p. 48, pl. iii, fig.
II1O-—IITI.

Pleurotoma Morchi, M.Sars. Bidrag til kunds. 0 Christia.
Fauna, pt. i, 1870, p. 51.

Taranis Morcht, Jeffreys. “ On Norwegian Mollusca,”
(Ann. Nat. Hist., June 1870), p. 10 (separate copy).
Taranis Morcht, Dunker & Metzger. Zoolog. Ergebnisse

der Nordseefahrt, 1874, p. 259.

228.

“This beautifully-sculptured shell is widely distributed,
though rare in the district examined. According to Montero-
sato it has been described from the Mediterranean as Pleuro-
toma cirratum, Brug., and Bela demersa, Tiberi.

. Pleurotoma nebula, (Mont.)

A rare shell in the neighbourhood of Bergen. A single
living specimen was taken in each of the two stations where
it occurred.

. Pleurotoma carinata, Bivona.

Fleurotoma carinata, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., v., p. 221,
jb Citky, 101% Fc

Living at several spots near Bukken, and in Kors Fiord,
in 40—200 fathoms..
Pleurotoma nivalis, Lovén. South side of Kors Fiord,
180 f.; living.

230. Pleurotoma turricola var. scalaris, Moller.

Mangelia scalaris, Moller. Index Mollusc. Groenlan. (in
Naturhist. Tidssk., iv., 1842), p. 85.

ry . io Taste RANE GL Sa aa
+ Meyeria, M‘Coy, genus of fossil Crustacea, 1849 ; Aleverina or Meyerella,

genus of sponges, Gray, 1872.

58

bo
(oS)
al

BRD

234.

241.

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

A young specimen taken N.E. of Bukken in ro—go f,
and identified for me as this variety by Jeffreys.

. Pleurotoma turricola var. rosea, (M. Sars).

Tritontum roseum, Sars, MS. Lovén, Index Moll. Scand.
(in Kong. Vet. Akad. Forhand., 1846), p. 144.

One living specimen N.E. of Bukken, Io-—4o f

Pleurotoma tenuicostata, M. Sars.

Pleurotoma tenuicostata, Sars. Videns-Selsk. Forhand.,
1868, p. 250.

The reference is to a MS. name; but the species will be
described and figured in Prof. G. O. Sars’ forthcoming work
on the Mollusca of Arctic Norway. Dredged in 400 f. in
Oster Fiord.

. Pleurotoma bicarinata, (Couth), var. violacea, Migh.

and Adams.

Pleurotoma violacea, Migh. & Adams. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., 1., 1844, p. 50.

Very rare; 180 f. south side of Kors Fiord.

Pleurotoma bicarinata var. cylindracea, (Moller).
Defrancia cylindracea, Moller. Index Mollus. Greenl. (in
Naturhist. Tidssk., iv., 1842, p. 86. |
Pleurotoma bicarinata, var. cylindracea, Jeffreys. Ann.
Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol. xix., 1877, p. 328.
Two specimens; Bergen Fiord, 80—100 f.

. Defrancia purpurea, (Mont.) <A small variety, off Slettin.

Scalaria Groenlandica, (Chem.)

Turbo clathrus Grenlandicus, Chem. Conch. Cab., x1,
p. 155, fig. 1878—1879.

Scalaria Grenlandica, Forbes & Hanley. Brit. Mollus.,
ill., p. 211, pl. lxx., fig. 5—6.

Two fragments only off Bornestangen in Sartoro, in 15—
40 fathoms, It is also in Friele’s list.

J.C, ii, Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 59

247. Utriculopsis globosa, (Lovén).
Amphisphyra globosa, Lovén. Ind. Moll. Scand. (in Kong.
Vet. Akad. Forhand., 1846), p. 143.
Utriculus globosus, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., v., p. 223,
Pl MCiipmionie:
Utriculopsis vitrea, M. Sars. Bidrag til Kunds. om Chr.
Fauna, pt. i, 1o70, py 65, pl xi, tie, 15 =18:
Living in 50—z00 fathoms, Oster Fiord.
248. Volvula acuminata, (Brug.)
Cylichna acuminata, Jeff. Brit. Conchol., iv., p. 4x1,
splxciinpigr 1.
Voloula acuminata, M. Sars. Bidrag til Kunds. om Chr.
Fauna, 1870, p. 62, pl. x1, fig. 19g—22.
A single specimen picked out by Dr. Jeffreys from our
375 fathoms’ dredging in Oster Fiord.
250. Utriculus expansus, Jeff. Living, 5—2o0 f, Oster Fiord,
and 50—120 f., near the entrance to Fane Fiord.

256. Scaphander lignarius, (Lin.) Two living specimens of
var. curta, Jeffreys, (Brit. Conchol., iv., p. 444), to the N. and
N.E. of Bukken in 10—8o fathoms.

257. Scaphander puncto-striatus, (M. & Ad.)

Bulla puncto-striatus, Mighels and Adams. Proc. Bost.

Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 49 (Nov. 1841).

Scaphander lbrarius, Lovén. Ind. Moll. Scand. (in Kong.

Vet. Akad. Forhand., 1846, p. 142.

Scaphander librartus, Jeffreys. Brit. Conchol., iv., p. 446,

BING Way (0h BEA, Ol Cri, ive Xo),

Widely distributed in 50—400 fathoms in the district
examined.

A short dredging excursion of three weeks in a district
which had been worked by such able naturalists as M. Sars,
Danielssen, Koren, Friele, G. O. Sars and Hansen, could not
be expected to bring to light many mollusca which had not

60 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

previously been found. But the fact that two hundred and sixty
one species and varieties were found in this short time, speaks
volumes for the richness of these Fiords. Many of the mollusca,
moreover, are northern or abyssal forms which have either only
very recently been described, or are still MS. species; and thus
some additions have been made to the already long list of the
Bergen district mollusca.

If the mollusca of the table on pages 32-34 be added to those
found by myself we obtain the entire Molluscan Fauna of the
district. I have however been unable to include the Cephalopoda,
for although aware that many species have been identified by the
Bergen naturalists I can only find record of the occurrence of
Sepiola Rondeletit, Leach, which was procured by the ‘“ Pommer-
ania” in Kors Fiord.

Some mollusca which are in Herr Friele’s Bergen catalogue
have been omitted here, as they owed their insertion, he informs
me, to mistake :—Montacuta Dawsoni, Arca obliqua (=A. glact-
alis, which is also recorded), Barieeia rubra, Odostomia plicata,
O. umbiluata, O. Warrent, and O. lactea, and Philine catena.
Certthium vulgatum and C. calabrum have also been omitted as
not native. ‘The specimens which were procured by Prof M.
Sars at Manger, and are now preserved in the museum at
Christiania, are old and worn shells. It is probable that they came
from ballast.

There is preserved in the Christiania Museum a fine and quite
fresh-looking specimen of Cardium aculeatum, which was dredged
by Prof. M. Sars in Bergen Fiord. On examining this shell carefully
I found on it a patch of the cells of the Polyzoon, Lepralia violacea.
“Hereby hangs a tale.” This Zepralia, like the Cardium on
which it had taken up its dwelling, is a southern form, which on the
British coast scarcely reaches the south-west of Scotland. It is
unknown in the north, nor have I ever seen it from the east of
Scotland or north-east of England, and itis unknown in Norway.

J.C., ii, Feb. 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 61

There is thus the strongest presumptive evidence against Cardium
aculeatum being a native of Norway, not only on account of the
known distribution of the mollusk, but because it carries with it
the evidence of the Z. wiolacea that it has lived and died ina
more southern home.

It will be interesting now to compare our knowledge of the
mollusca of the Bergen district with that of neighbouring seas north
and south.

SS iment

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

SUMMARY
SHOWING THE TOTAL MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF BERGEN
DISTRICT AS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF NEIGH-
LBOURING SEAS.

Ke : FE
la Be
Self fel oh Te Sy Ee
2/e]/ol]lS i]s] & kee
Sy eee | Medal eeat ae ible Mire ce

a o
5 Be le jes |e 2°
Brachiopoda_ ... S06 os | ul OO Ei). © Si © me
Conchifera 506 abe ... | 46 | 44 |136 [126 |127 | 93 | 98
Solenoconchia ... as Sean Abus si weg rahe Nera its Tees
Gasteropoda (shelled) ... ...| 66 | 52 |179 |184 |119 | 96 |102
Nudibranchiata &c. sca] | F || 2B | Bo) | mo || AB ©
Pteropoda ate oe caee lien ee MeL ape etnare NOY Heo)
Cephalopoda... ‘ie sof 21 Si ay O} 21 @ | 2
128 |I12 |354 |369 |273 |233 |209
Doubtful species... me Boal Ce) ls ean esol ES all seriall eae al Vie
119 |I11O |350 1364 |272 |232 |209

The authorities who have been relied on are:—
Iceland.—Morch table in Faunula Molluscorum Insularum Frero-

enstum, 1867. [I have not had an opportunity of seeing

the Faunula Molluscorum Islandie published by the same

62 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS,

author, 1868, but it probably does not contain many species ’
not in the catalogue of the year before.

Faroe Islands.—Morch, Faunula Molluscorum Insularum Fe-
roenstum, 1867.

Bergen.—See note on page 32.

Shetland.—Jeffreys’ Last Report of Dredging among the Shetland
Lsles (Brit. Assoc. Report for 1868 (1869), p. 232).

Christiania.—Asbjornsen (P. Chr.), Badrag “ul Christianta-
Jjordens Litoralfauna, 1854; M. Sars, Bidrag til Kundskab
om Christianiafjordens Fauna, tt., 1870, p. 49; Jeffreys Ox
Norwegian Mollusca (Ann. Nat. Hist., June, 1870); Brogger
(W. C.) Bidrag til Christianiafjordens Molluskfauna, 1872.

Denmark.—Morch, Synopsis Molluscorum marinorum Danie
(Vidensk. Meddel. f. d. Naturhist. Forening t Kjobenhavn, 1871,
p. 157).

North Sea.—Dunker and Metzger, Zvologische Ergebnisse der
Nordseefahrt, ‘Pommerania,’ vom 21 July, bis 9 September,
Wye (Cae)

The voyage of the ‘Pommerania’ extended from Yar-
mouth to Bergen. ‘The mollusca are described by Dunker
and Metzger. ‘The list is very mixed, as it includes the
mollusca of the open sea and those procured on both
Norwegian and British coasts extending as far south as
Yarmouth.

The species subtracted in the summary as doubtful (many are
more than doubtful) are:--Bergen: (from my list) Yo/dia artica,
Astarte crenata, Mya Uddevalensis, Craspedotus limbatus. Shet-
land: Zerebratella Spetsbergensis, Rhynchonella psittacea, Leda
pernula, Gastrana fragilis, Fissurella Greca. Denmark: Vert
tina fluviatilis (in Morch’s Catalogue, freshwater). Ghristiania:
Pecten Tslandicus. Faroe islands: Mactra solida, Lamellidoris

’ Loventt. Iceland: Rhynchonella psittacea, Modiolaria faba, Venus

J.C., ii., Feb., 1879

NORMAN; ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 63

gallina, Psammobia tellinella, Cyrtodaria siligua, Cochlodesma
pretenue, Littorina littorea, Rissoa cingellus, Lamellidoris tncon-
spicua,

In the following notes on the Geographical Distribution of
the mollusca which have just been tabulated, I shall indicate what
I consider to be the Zome of species by the following letters :—

O.— Oceanic. E.—European.
A.—Abyssal. P.—-Polar.
E. A.—Eastern American.

O.—Oceanic. Species which swim or float freely on the sur-
face, and are not confined to any shore, their distribution
being chiefly governed by the ¢emperature of the surface water.

A.—Abyssal. Species which live at great depths, scarcely
ascending to the line of 100 fathoras’ soundings. ‘They are
subjected to great pressure, and inhabit so great a depth of
water that the temperature is but slightly, if at all, affected
by the seasons of the year and heat or cold of the surface.
These forms have a very extended distribution, being inde-
pendent of those climatic conditions which affect animals
living at lesser depths.

E.—European. These are littoral forms, which, though they
may descend below the roo fathoms’ soundings, are for the
most part much more abundant in shallower water. They
may have originated on any part of the European coast, and
have ranged thence north or south; but their distribution,
even though it has extended to America, has been along the
coastline. They cannot live inthe abyss any more than can
the abyssal animals endure the lesser pressure and changeful
temperature of shallow seas.

P.—Polar. ‘These animals form a most important feature in

64 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

the Northern Arctic and temperate seas, originating and
luxuriating under glacial conditions, but they nevertheless
extend far down into the temperate regions of both Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans. Some forms seem to have migrated
southwards (¢g., Zectura testudinalis), but the larger number
are, I believe, retiring northwards under the altered and less
Arctic climate of the North Atlantic. As a rule in their
more southern habitats, they will be found ina dwarfed form,
resultant from the unfavorable conditions in which they now
find themselves, and are gradually becoming extinct. As
species which have apparently very recently (geologicallyspeak-
ing) become extinct in the British Seas, may be mentioned

Hypothyris psittacea, Columbella rosacea, Astarte crenata, Leda

pernula, Molleria costulata.

In order to complete my views as to the great groups into
which the Fauna of the North Atlantic ought to be divided, I add
the remaining groups though they have no immediate bearing on
the present paper.

M.—Mediterranean.

Cn.—Canarian. Species which have originated on the Western
coast of Africa or the contiguous cluster of Islands as far
south as St. Domingo, lat. 10. N.

E. A.—Eastern American. Littoral forms which have origin-
ated on any part of the N.E. American coast as far south as
(say) Cape Hatteras, lat. 35 N., migrating thence N. andS.
As far as our present knowledge goes the migration of such
littoral forms as are found both in Europe or America, but
have not a common Polar origin, seems to have been from
east to west. This may probably be accounted for by the course
of the main ocean currents, which partially assist the migration.

Cb.—Caribbean. Species which have their home in the Gulf
of Mexico and among the West Indian Islands, from Cape
Hatteras, lat 35. N. to Trinidad lat. to. N.

J.C., i., Feb., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 68.

Out of the 353. Bergen Mollusca, (see page 34)—

272 = 77.05 per cent. are found at Shetland.
200 = 82.15 x 5 py Britain.
111) == OL UI He ss 5 Denmark.
2B AO ON2'S x Bs Fe Christiania.
OA —— 2279 < sata Hate Faroe.
20 == 2b) sf 4 Iceland.
OF ss meoati \ V ie 3, a Greenland.
94 = 26.62 te Af us N.E. America.
DUD, == (HOOF ne 5 ms Mediterranean.

The last number is very surprising. Of course the area is
very large as compared with most of the preceding districts, but it
also shows how well that area has been worked by the many able
Mediterranean malacologists. :

Though in these per centages the Nudibranchiata have been in-
cluded, they have been so little attended to in most of the districts
that no conclusion can be drawn from their known presence or
apparent absence. ‘They are therefore altogether omitted in the
numbers and lists with which I bring this paper toa close. These
lists, together with the tables (page 16-34), will supply complete

as far as known to me—of
Shetland, Denmark, Christiania, Faroe, and Iceland, and bring
before us the mollusca from among which probable additions to

catalogues of the Molluscan Fauna

the Bergen Fauna may be expected.

MOLLUSCA OF SHETLAND.

The following 64 Shetland Mollusca have not been found in
the Bergen district.
? Terebratula Spetsbergensis, Davids. P |
? Rhynchonella psittacea, Zzz. P
Pinna rudis, Zz. E

JoCs Wey Wiles. TE), Gi

66 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Mytilus Adriaticus, Lamarck. E
Nucula nitida, G. B. Sowerby. E
Limopsis aurita, Brocchi. A
Pectunculus glycymeris, Zzz. E
Lepton Clarkie, Clark. E
Montacuta donacina, S. Wood.
2 tumidula, /effreys.
Kellia cycladia, S. Wood.
Astarte triangularis, JZont. E
? Gastrana fragilis, Zim. E
Tellina balaustina, Zev. E
i donacina e772. E
Psammobia costulata, Zu7t E
Mactra stultorum, Zz7. E
Solecurtus candidus, “ener. E
rc coarctatus, Pult, E
Pandora obtusa, Zeach. E
Cadulus Jeffreysu, dZonzerosato.
Chiton cancellatus, Leach. E
(?=alveolus, Sa7s).
? Fissurella Greeca, Ziv. E
Cyclostrema nitens, Pri. E
; serpuloides, Aout, E
Trochus magus, Zz. E
oe amabilis, /effreys.
» Montagui, WW Wood. E
Lacuna crassior, AZont. E
ot) yputeolus, «Zi eae
Littorina neritoides, Zzz. E
Rissoa costata, Adams. E
ee PLOXinda,se1/de7n me
i vitrea., Zon7.) ae
Jeffreysia globularis, /efrey's.
Homalogyra rotaa 7! & # CE

J.C., i., Mar., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Scalaria clathratula, Adams. E
Aclisnascanis, Liar, Ee
» Gulisone, Clark. E
Odostomia nivosa, Mont E
Ps Lukisi, Jeffreys. E

as umbilicaris, JZalm. E
ss conspicua, Alder, E

“i obliqua, Alder. E

» Nitidissima, dont. E

? Eulima subulata, Dow. E

Natica sordida, Pf. E
acatena, "2am Costa.

Torellia vestita, Jeffreys.

Cerethiopsis Metaxa, Delle Chiaze.

Buccinopsis Dalei, /. Sow. P
Fusus Norvegicus, Chemn. P
| Widworon, Vides EP
» Berniciensis, Azzg. P
Columbella Halizeti, Jeffrey's.
Defrancia gracilis, AZont. E

Marginella levis, Don. E
Utriculus obtusus, JZonf. E
Philine catena, Mont. E

» angulata, Jeffreys.

m joaunnose, (Clee |

» itida, /efreys.
Clio pyramidalis, Zz. O
,, infundibulum, S. Wood. O

67

On the other hand, the following 67 Bergen Mollusca have

not been found near the Shetland Islands :—

Pecten varius, Ziz. E

» vitreus, var. abyssorum, Sa7s.
» Hoskynsi, Forbes. A or P

68 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Winva jexcavatay (AC. 2 770 Ee (@)
ima hians, Gael. E
Dacrydium vitreum, J/o/. A
Nucula tumidula, J/a/m. A
Yoldia frigida, Zorell. A

» lueida, Loven A

Messanensis, Seguenza. A
Malletia obtusa, JZ Sars. A
Limopsis minuta, Pf. A
Pecchiolia abyssicola, AZ Sars. A
Decipula ovata, Jeffreys. A
Axinus flexuosus, var. Sarsil, PA. A

» ,eumyarius, AZ Sars. A
Kelliella abyssicola, JZ Sars. A
Astarte arctica, Gray. P
Tapes decussatus, Mont. E

» aureus, Gael. E
Tellina calcarea, Chem. P
Psammobia vespertina, Chem. E
Scrobicularia piperata, Bellon. E
Lyonsia arenosa, Afi. A
Thracia truncata, Brow. iP

== myopsis, Leck.

Sphenia Binghami, Tit E
Nezra obesa, Zovén. A

» jugosa, S. Wood. A
Corbula ovata, var. rosea, Brown. E
Mya arenaria, Z. E
Dentalium agile, JZ Sars. A
Siphonodentalium tetragonum, Brocch: A
Cadulus propinquus, G. O. Sars. A
Chiton alveolus, JZ Sars. E

(eG (caneellatus):

Tylodina Dubenii, Zovéx. E ()

J.C., ii, Mar., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS, 69

Cyclostrema trochoides, Jeffreys.
6 basistriatum, Jeffreys. A
Molleria leevigata, Jeffreys.
Trochus affinis, Jeffreys.
? Craspedotus limbatus, P/z7/.
Rissoa calathus, @ &@ A. E
» turgida, Jeffreys.
Leeocochlis granosa, S. Wood.
Aclis Walleri, var. carinata, /Vorman.
» ventrosa, Jeffreys.
Odostomia rissoides, Hanley. E
Natica affinis, Gel. P
Lamellaria latens, AZii//.
Cancellaria viridula, ad. P
Trophon clathratus, Zz. P
Pe » var. Gunneri, Zovén. P
“| @wmloculentas, Vel, VF
Fusus Sarsu, /efveys.
» fenestratus, Zurton. A
Columbella rosacea, Gould. P
Metzgeria alba, Jeffreys. A (?)
Taranis Morchi, AZalm. A
Pleurotoma turricola, var. rosea, JZ. Sars. E
2A - var. scalaris, AZo/7. P
tenuicostata, JZ, Sazs. A
bicarinata, var. violacea, JZ. G& Ad. P
56 ef var. cylindracea, M/ol/, P
i attenuata, Mont. E
Scalaria communis, Zamk. E
», Groenlandica, Chem. P
sy Wordiomes, Wea uiage Pe
Philine lima, Browz.

The number of mollusca which belong to the Shetland and

7° NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

the Bergen Faune is very nearly the same. A marked difference
however shows itself when we come to examine what are the
species which are present in the one Fauna but absent from the
other. The Shetland mollusca which do not occur at Bergen are
almost all European forms, inhabitants of warmer water than
that which is usually to be met with in the Norwegian Fiords;
while most of the mollusca marked Polar (P) are perhaps such as
might rather be called abyssal, though they occur in as shallow
water as 50 fathoms at times. They are mollusca which, though
living on a rather soft (Foraminiferal and gritty) bottom, do not
like mud such as that of the Bergen Fiords, and we should
not expect to find them there; but they are almost sure to be
found hereafter outside the islands which fringe the Bergen coast.

On the other hand, among the Bergen mollusca unknown
near Shetland there are a few European but many Polar species,
while the larger number are abyssal forms which are scarcely
likely to be found in the shallower sea at Shetland. Though the
deepest water of the British Seas is that round Shetland, yet it
never exceeds 170 fathoms,” and the bottom is not that fine mud
which these abyssal mollusca of the Bergen Fiords delight in.
Further out in the Atlantic, however, to the west of Shetland,
where the conditions are favorable to their existance, they reap-
pear, and for the most part have a wide distribution in the depths
of the sea, several reaching to the Mediterranean on the one hand
or to Davis’ Strait on the other.

MOLLUSCA OF DENMARK.

Out of the 190 Testaceous Mollusca of Denmark, 22 are
unknown at Bergen. Only one Polar species crops up among these;
the rest are almost without exception European. The Fauna of

* The ‘‘ Outer Haaf” is usually 80 to 110 fathoms. It is only 25—30
N. by W. of Unst that the depth of 170 was reached in our dredgings.

\J.C., ii, Mar., 1879

NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 71

Denmark is decidedly more southern in its character than that of
Christiania.

Mytilus Adriaticus, Zamk E
Modiolaria faba, O. Fab. P
Nucula radiata, Hanley. E
Donax trunculus, Zz. E

% % var. levigatus, Chemn. E
Tellina pusilla, Pr. E
Mactra stultorum, Z. E

» SOlidla, JZ. [=
Thracia phaseolina, Zam. E
Pholas dactylus, Z. E

eo weandidal yaar E
Teredo navalis, Z. E
“Trochus obliquatus, Da Costa.” E
Lacuna puteolus, Zurfon. E
Rissoa vitrea, Mont E
Hydrobia ventrosa, AZon/. E
Vermetus Lyngbyanus, J707<ch.
? Natica sordida, Swazns. E
Odostomia plicata, Mont. E
Aclis nitidissima, J/onf. E
Nassa pygmea, Mont. E
Pleurotoma brachystoma, P/i/l. E

MOLLUSCA OF THE CHRISTIANIA FIORD.

There are 254 Testageous Mollusca known in this Fiord, of
which 228 are common to the Bergen Fauna, while the following
26 are not known there.

Anomia patelliformis, Z. (typical) E
? Pecten Islandicus, O. & Mill, P
Nucula sulcata, Brown. E

72 NORMAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Nucula nitida, G. Sow. E

» delphinodonta, JZ & Ad P
Montacuta Dawsoni, Jef P (?)
Astarte elliptica, Brown. E
Tellina pusilla, Pr, E
Thracia phaseolina, Zamk, E
Teredo navalis, Zzz. E
Emarginula rosea, Bell, E
Lacuna albella, Zovéz.
Rissoa costata, Adams. E

5 cornea, Lovén, E
Hydrobia ventrosa, Mont. E
Fusus despectus, Z. P
Nassa pygmea, Lam E
Pleurotoma brachystoma, Pf7/. E

si mitrula, Zovén. P
3 declivis, Zovén. P
< striolata, Scacchi. E

M cancellata, JZ. G Ad, P?
Philine catena, Jfont. E
nn MLEXUOSa ve Aee Siar
Colobocephalus costellatus, AZ Sazs.
Colpodaspis pusilla, AZ, Sars.

It will be observed that the larger number of the above—of
the distribution of which we know anything—are European, but a
few are Polar.

MOLLUSCA OF THE FAROE ISLANDS.

Out of 97 known Testaceous Mollusca of Faroe 80 are in the
Bergen list; the remaining 17 attest the mixed—northern and
southern—character of the fauna of these Islands.

? Rhynchonella psittacea, Chemn. P

J.C., ii., Mar., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 73

Anomia ephippium, Z. E (typical form).
Pectunculus glycymeris, Z. E
? Mactra Solida, 2. E
Tellina pusilla, PA. E
» calcarea, var. ovata, Sow; P

Teredo bipennata, Zurt. O
“Trochus umbilicalis, Da Costa.” E
Littorina Groenlandica, Beck. P
Fusus despectus, Z. P
Trichotropis acuminatus, Jef; P
Pleurotoma pyramidalis, Strém. P

5 rufa, Mont. E
Acteon tenellus, ZLovén.

(? = var. of tornatilis).
Cylichna Sarsu, Phz/.
Clione limacina, Phipps. O
Clio pyramidalis, Z. O

ooo

_MOLLUSCA OF ICELAND.

Of the 112 Testaceous Marine Mollusca of Iceland 81 are in
the Bergen list, leaving the following 31, almost the whole of
which it will be observed are Polar species.

The meagre lists of the Faroe and Iceland Mollusca show
how little is known of the Marine Fauna of these islands. When
the result of the ‘Porcupine,’ and especially of the ‘Voringen,’
(Norwegian) Expeditions are published we may hope that these
lists will be considerably extended.

? Rhynchonella psittacea, Chem. P
Pecten Islandicus, 0. © Mill. P
Modiolaria faba, Fad. P

") discors, var. levigata, Gray. P
Corbulomya Steenstrupu, A/orch,

14 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

Cardium Groenlandicum, Chemn. P
elegantulum, Beck. P
? Cyrtodaria siliqua, Speng. P
Thracia phaseolina, Zamk. E
Magdala arctica, Gray. P
Trochus cinereus, Couwth. P
Molleria costulata, 1/77. P
Littorina Greenlandica, Chemn. P
Rissoa striata var. saxatilis, A707. P
Natica borealis, Gray. P
Volumitra Groenlandica, Beck. P
Trichotropis acuminatus, /ef. P
(=T. borealis, var.)
Buccinum Groenlandicum, Chemn. P
Fusus despectus var. fornicatus, O. abr. P
» tortuosus, Reeve. P
» Norvegicus, Chemn. P
Pleurotoma pyramidalis, S¢rdm. P
Pe cinerea, Aol. P
9 Pengeli, J/o//7. P
45 rufa, Mont. E
Utriculus obtusus, A/Zont. E
Cylichna Sarsii, Phe.
Heterofusus balea, JZ0/77. O
Clio pyramidata, Z. O
Limacina helicina, Phipps. O
Clione limacina, Przpps. O

MOLLUSCA OF THE NORTH SEA.

Lastly, it may be interesting to compare the results of the
dredgings of the ‘Pommerania,’ which were carried on chiefly in
the open sea, but also included many near shore hauls both on

J.C., i., Mar., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 15

the English and Norwegian coasts. The fact that I procured
many more species in three weeks near Bergen than the ‘Pomme-
rania’ was able to collect in twice that time when ranging over
the whole of the North Sea, bears witness to the richness of the
Bergen Fauna. Moreover, many of the rarer mollusca would
have found no place in the ‘Pommerania’s’ list had not that vessel
paid a visit to Bergen, when opportunities were taken advantage
of by dredging in Kors Fiord and near Bukken. The following
mollusca are to be found in Dunker and Metzger’s list which are
not in the Bergen Fauna.

? Rhynchonella psittacea, Chemmn. (fossil). P
Pecten Islandicus, AZiller. P
Nucula sulcata, Brown. E
Tellina pusilla, Piz E
Donax trunculus, Zzz. E
IMactra solidaye iE
5 Suulligocern, WZ.) 1
Lacuna crassior, Mont. E
» vestita, Dunk. G& Metz.
(? 1s not this crassior).
Natica catena, Da Costa. £
Murex erinaceus, Z. E
Fusus ebur, AZorch. P (?)
(Gain, Miedo, VO. Ge 114)
% Jjeffreysianus, fischer. E
» Norvegicus, Chemn. P
» Berniciensis, Azzg. P
Nassa pygmea, Lam. P
Pleurotoma brachystoma, PA7/. E
Clavatula plicifera, S. Wood.
Philine catena, d/ont. E

Many of the foregoing mollusca were procured near Yar-
mouth and in other southern localities.

76 NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS.

The following authorities have been consulted in the filling
in of the last three columns in the tables (p. 16-34) :—

MOLLUSCA OF GREENLAND.

(1) Morch’s Catalogue in Manual and Instructions for the
Arctic Expedition, 1875, p. 124—135. (2) Jeffreys’ Preliminary
Leeport of the Biological Results of a cruise in H.M.S. ‘Valorous
to Davis Strait in 1875, (Proc. Royal Soc., 1875, p. 177). Earlier
works have also been consulted.

MOLLUSCA OF N. E. AMERIICA.

(1) Gould, Report Invertebrata Massachusetts, edit. 17., Binney,
1&70. (2) Packard (A. S.), Observations on the Glacial Phenomena
of Labrador and Maine (Memoirs Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i. |
(1867), p. 210). (3) Verrill, various Dredging Papers in American
Journal of Science and Art, and Proc. Amer. Assoc. Advancement
of Science, 1872—8, and Report on the condition of the Sea Fisheries
on the South Coast of New England, 1&73, p. 634698. (4)
Whiteaves, Deep Sea Dredging Reports, published separately, also
Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, vol. vit., March, 1874, and Ann, Vat.
Hist., Nov., 1872. |

MOLLUSCA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN.
(t) Monterosato, Wuova Revista delle Conchighe Mediterranee,
1875. (2) Jeffreys, Mediterranean Mollusca (Ann. Nat. First,

July, 7870 ).

Corrigenda.—A few errors have been overlooked in revising;
the reader is requested to correct the following as the more -
important :—

P. 15, line 11, for “56 fathoms” read “56 mollusca.”

P. 47, line 16, for “Dentalium abyssorum var. agile, M. Sars”
read “ Dentalium entalis var. agile, M. Sars.”

J.C., 1i., Mar., 1879

NORMAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. WG

P. 47, line 24 and 27, and p. 48, line 8, for “D. aby ssorum’ read

“D. striolatum.”

[The fcregoing paper was sent to the printer last September.
I afterwards received a copy of the Mollusca Regtonts Arctice
Vorvegie* from the author, Professor G. O. Sars. I much regret
that this valuable new work was not in my hands when I was
drawing up my paper. As it is, I have only inserted a reference
to the description of Cadulus propingius; and I may add here
that the shell I have recorded as Decipula ovata, Jeffreys, MS., is
the same as that descibed by Sars under the name TZedlemya

ovalts, N. Sp., Pp. 341, pl. xxxill., fig. ra—c.

Sars’ work is admirable; no student of the Boreal and Arctic
Fauna can possibly do without it. All the species recorded by
me from Bergen, which are not members of the British Fauna
will here be found amply illustrated. ‘The genera and species are
described in Latin. The work contains thirty-four plates of the
mollusca themselves, and seventeen folded (quarto-sized) plates of
crowded drawings of the vadule (‘tongues’) opercula, &c. These
plates have all been executed by Professor Sars himself, and are
engraved by a new autographic process. ‘The figures are simply
perfect. ' Nothing can exceed the accuracy of outline, the softness
of finish, yet extraordinary attention to minuteness of detail.
There is a great multiplication of genera in this book, for example,
the British species of C/zfon are severed into six genera, the
Trochi into five, the Azssow into four, and the Odostomze (Jeffreys)
into six. ‘There cannot be a doubt that the grounds on which
many of the genera are separated by the author are valid, but we
regret that the process has been carried so far, though with
increasing knowledge there has been, and for a long time to come
must be, a continual subdivision of groups going on. |

* Bidrag til Kundskaben ont Norges Arktiske Fauna: I. Afollusca Regions
Arctice Norvegie: oversigt over de i Norges Arktiske Region forckommende
Bloeddyr af Dr. G. O. Sars.—Broegger, Christiania, 1878.

remy

78 MARRAT: ON NASSA TRIFASCIATA AND N. ELEGANS.

NASSA TRIFASCIATA, GMELIN.

By F. P. MARRAT.
Nassa trifasciata, Gmelin. Part 3489, No. 77 ‘ Gaultieri,’
pl. xliv., fig. a.
= rutilans, REEVE, Con. Icon., pl. xxil., fig. 147.
= unicolora, KIEN., pl.x1x., fig. 69.
= unicolorata, REEVE, pl. ul, fig. 17.

Looking over the figures in ‘ Gaultieri,’ last night, it occurred
to me that I had seen this shell, and after a careful search among
my shells of V. wnzcolora, and its broader varieties JV. rutilans, I
found a rather young specimen with the three internal bands,
another specimen had only two bands, and the generality of them
were uniformly brown or purple-brown. Reeve says this shell is
closely allied to the WV. olivacea-tenia, Gmel., and so it appears to
be, but the operculum in my shells of the former are thin and
nassoid, while that of the latter is thick and remarkably pisanioid
in its character, agreeing with the figure in Quoy and Gaim., * Voy.
de L’Astrolabe,’ pl. xxxii., fig. 15.

January, 1879.

——$-e+¢—__—_

NOTE.ON WASSA ELEGANS, Sow.
By F. P. MARRAT.

The history of this shell may serve as a very good
illustration of the want of care in the examination of what
has been done previously, and how a serious amount of con-
fusion results from the carelessness of these people. .The name
was applied to a fossil shell, occurring in the Crag, in the
Min. Conch., by J. Sowerby, in 1824, pl. ccxlvi., fig. 1. Kiener in
his Spec. Coq. Viv. in the collection of Lamarck, has figured in
his Genus uccinum, pl. xxiv., fig. 97, another JV. elegans, Kien.
This author has not dated his monographs, which circumstance
renders them useless in comparing the dates according to priority.

J.C. ii, Mar., 1879

MAZYCK: ON CREPIDULA ACULEATA. 79

Reeve in his Conch. Syst., pl. cclxvii., fig. 3, p. 234, has figured
another very distinct shell as Buc. elegans, Reeve, and again in
his Conch. Icon., vol. 8, pl. i1., sp. ro, another shell, Vassa elegans,
quoting the shell in Kien., with which it has no affinity. With
the exception of the first the whole of these names are obsolete
in this. genus, and the JV. elegans, Reeve, has, I think, by almost
universal consent descended to its next describer, Gould, under
the name of lVassa fossaza, Gould. In the work by H. and A.
Adams, ‘Recent Shells,’ at p. 121, we have the subgenus Zaphon,
H. and A. Ad., and the erroneous name of Z! elegans, Reeve,
still continued, but the synonymic JV. fossata, Gould, appears under
another subgeneric head, at p. 112, as Zritéa fossata, Gould.
After all this we find the WV. e/egans, Reeve, figured in the Jour.
de Conch. for 1868, pl. vi., fig. 3, and described at p. 445, 1867,
as a new species LV. Moreletz, Crosse.

January, 1879.

SO

NORE ON Wii CLOGRAPRICAL DISTRIBUTION
OF CREPIDULA ACULEATA, GMELIN.

— By Wm. G. MAZYCK.

In the /ousnal for May, 1878, Mr. Garrett records the
occurrence of this species in the Marquesas Islands, and mentions
that it has also been found in the Sandwich Islands, New Zealand,
Australia, India, Mauritius, Japan, West Indies, Panama and
California. It may be interesting to students to know that it
also occurs on coast of South Carolina. I have several specimens
which I have myself collected on Sullivan’s and Long Island
beaches. I have not succeeded in obtaining living examples, but
do not doubt that they could be readily collected with the aid of
a dredge.

February, 1879.
a

80 PETTARD: ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA.

LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA.
By W. F. PETTARD:

In a paper by the Rev. Tennison: Woods, read before the
Royal Society of Tasmania on the gth of August, 1875, the
author gives alist of the Freshwater Shells of this Island, including
the description of many unrecorded species that had been dis-
covered from time to time, but as several of that gentleman’s
names will have to be replaced by the prior ones given to the
same species by Mr. Brazier in the ‘Proceedings of the Linnean
Society of New South Wales,’ and as some very interesting new
forms have more recently been discovered by Mr. R. M. Johnston
and myself in the northern part of the Island, I undertake the
present revision of the Freshwater Shells of Tasrnania, ag well as
to point out several errors that the author has fallen into, which,
if my observations are correct, are the more excusable considering
that the reverend gentleman had but scant acquaintance with
the great majority of the species enumerated in their living state,
and was therefore unable to observe the variations in form and
colouration and to some extent size a great number of our species
are liable in more or less favourable localities for their life. By the
present revision there are enumerated in all 36 species of the
Freshwater Molluscan Fauna as at present known, but as the
greater portion of the Island remains unexamined, a much further
increase in the number of species may be confidently anticipated.
They are distributed in the following genera:

Lymnea, 3; Physa,
9; Planorbis, 3; Ancylus, 3; Gundlachia, 1; Pomiatopsis, 1;
Assiminea, 1; Ampullaria, 1; Valvata, 1; Bithynia, 7; Amanzcola,
ts 1U/nio, 1; Cyclas, 1), Foscadvug, 2.

Although the general character of the great majority is very
distinct from those at present known from the mainland of
Australia, nevertheless there are several that have avery close
resemblance, and it is quite probable are but varieties, or at least

J.C., ii., Mar., 1879

PETTERD : ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA. 81

analogous representatives, as all species having an extended
range are liable to vary in a more or less prominent and percep-
tible degree. The following are recorded as common both to
this Island and the mainland:—Bythinia Huonensis, B. Dulver-
tonensts, Pomtatopsts striatula, and a variety of Physa mamillata.
It must however be remembered that comparatively little has as
yet been done in the Freshwater Molluscan Fauna of Australia, so
that it is but premature to draw comparisons as to the relation of
the one to the other.

1. Lymngea tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.
Tas,, 1875.
Habitat—about Hobart Town. I have little doubt but
that this is the well-known European species Z. stagnalis, in-
troduced with fish ova.

2, Lymnza Huonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.
Tas., 1875.
L. Launcestonensis,'T. Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas., 1875.
Habitat—Widely distributed both in the northern as well
as southern portions of the colony. I have no hesitation in
uniting the two species described by the Rev. Mr. Woods, as
it is a very variable shell. In a large series of specimens
that I have seen from the north, principally collected near
Launceston, both the true typical Z. ZLauncestonensis and the
L. Huonensis were equally perceptible, as well as intermedi-
ate variations.
3. Lymnzea Hobartonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., 1875.
Habitat--Near Hobarton. This may be but a variety of
the preceding.
4. Physa aperta, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon., pl. xi., figs.
88a-b.
Habitat—Creeks between Hamilton and New Norfolk.

J.C., ii., Mar., 1879. C3

82

5.

Io.

PETTERD: ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA.

Physa eburnea, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon., pl. xi.,
figs. 89a—b.
Habitat—Creeks near Launceston and George Town.

. Physa mamillata, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon., pl. xi,

fig. go.

P. ciliata, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas., 1875.

Habitat— Lake Dulverton; Bruni Island, and Flinder’s
Island, Bass Straits. A very variable shell both in color,
shape, and size. The ciliated appearance is more prominent
in immature specimens ; it is a character common to almost
all the Tasmanian /fys@, as well as many of the Australian,
more particularly several species I have collected in Victoria.
A large series prove the P. clzata to be identical with
Sowerby’s P. mamullata.

. Physa nitida, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon, pl. xii., fig. 98a—b.

Habitat—In creeks, S.E. Tasmania.

. Physa tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.

Tas., 1875.

P. Legrandi, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
1875.

P. Huonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
1875.

Habitat—Generally distributed in almost every stream.
An extremely variable species. It may be but a variety of
the last, which it probably is.

. Physa Bruniensis, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon., pl. xii,

fig. 92.
Habitat—Bruni Island. May be but another variety of

_#P. nitida.

Physa Vandiemenensis, Sowerby. Reeve’s Con. Icon.,
pl. vii., fig. 57.

Habitat— Near Launceston; George Town. A very
distinct species confined to the northern part of the Island.

J.C. ii., Mar., 1879

It.

T2.

igh

14.

Ti

16.

15

PETTERD: ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA, 83

Physa tasmanicola, Tennison Woods. Proc. Royal Soc.
Tas., 1875.
Habitat—Water-hole, near Mount Murray, East Coast.

Physa Huonicola, Tennison Woods. Proc. Royal Soc.
Tas., £875.

Habitat—Huon River. A distinct fusiform species.
Planorbis meridionalis, Brazier. Proc. Linnean Soc.
N.S. Wales, March, 1875.

FP, tasmanicus, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
August, 1875.

Habitat—Widely dispersed.

Planorbis Atkinsoni, Johnston. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
1878.

Habitat—Near Launceston. A very distinct shell with

a peculiarly angled aperture.
Planorbis Scottiana, Johnston. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
1878.
Habitat—Near Launceston. A small black species
confined to the North, where it is very plentiful in still water.
Ancylus Cumingianus, Bourguignat.

Habitat—Streams between New Norfolk and Hamilton.
The largest species known and very distinct from any other
form, either Tasmanian or Australian.

Ancylus Woodsi, Johnston. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas., 1878.

Habitat—Vicinity of Launceston. Mr. Johnston enu-
merates three varieties of this distinct species—a, b and c.
Two are probably distinct, and the third a variation of the
next species.

. Ancylus tasmanicus, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.

Tas., 1875.

Habitat—Vicinity of Hobart Town and Launceston.
A minute dark-coloured and inconspicuous species. The
variety from about Launceston is much lighter in color.

34

19.

21.

22.

DR

PETTERD : ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA.

Gundlachia Petterdi, Johnston. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas., 1878.
Habitat—Still water near Launceston. ‘The first of the
genus hitherto recorded from Australasia. Generally found
attached to acquatic plants, and almost invariably thickly
covered with Diatomacee.
Pomiatopsis striatula, Meuke. Moll. Nov. Holl, p. 9;
Cox, Mon. Australian Land Sh., 1862, p. 95, pl. xv., fig. 13a,
b and c.

Habitat—Muddy and Clarence Plains, Flinders Island;
also Victoria and South Australia. Mentioned by Cox, in
Mon. as a land shell. Mr. Johnston has described a subfossil
species, P. Badgerensis fcom the consolidated sand dunes of
Badger Island, Bass Strait, having a very close resemblance
to the existing species. In the same formation Helzx
Wellingtonensis, Helix pictilis, and a species of 4zttiwm and
Lyunea occur.

Assiminea tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tasi, 1375;

Habitat—Sorell and Brown River, within the tidal in-
fluence of the salt water. ‘This has been redescribed by the
Rev. T. Woods, by mistake, as a marine species under the
name of Rzssoa (Setza) stenne.

Ampullaria tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., 1876.

Habitat—River, north coast. The examination of the
animal will probably necessitate the forming of aynew genus
for this little species, although the Rev. Mr. Woods seems
confident that he assigns it to the right genus by placing it
in Ampullaria. Ihave never met with the shell, although
I have carefully searched the greater number of the northern
streams; it may, however, be local and restricted to one
locality which is unknown, for its discoverer, Mr. Gunn, is
unable to give the precise habitat.

J.C, ii., Mar., 1879

25.

27.

28.

PETTERD : ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA. 85

Valvata tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.,
1875?

Habitat—Creek in Gould’s Country, North-East Tas-
mania. Resembles in a most striking manner very young
specimens of Ammnzcola Launcestonensis, Johnston.

Bithynia Simsoniana, Brazier, as Amntcola Simsoniana.
Pro. Linnean Society of N. S. Wales, March, 1875.

Bithinia pontvillensts, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat—Jordan River. The whole of the species are
but provisionally classed as Széhyuza, for it may possibly be
found requisite to erect a subgenus for their reception.
Bithynia dulyertonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat—Lake Dulverton, Esk River, First Basin, Laun-
ceston. The epidermis of silvery scales are probably an
encrustation of Diatomacee.

Bithynia Petterdiana, Brazier, as Amnicola Petterdiana.
Pro. Linnean Soc. N.S. Wales, March, 1875.

Habitat—Ringarwina and other parts of North Coast.
This may be but a variety of the preceding.

Bithynia Wisemaniana, Brazier, as Paludestrina Wise-
mantana. Pro. Zool. Soc. London, 1871.

Bithynia tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.
Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat—Generally distributed in almost all running
creeks,

Small variety :—

Bithynia Legrandi, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.
Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat— Brown River, Latinceston.

Carinated variety :—

Bithynia Legrandiana, Brazier, as Paludestrina Legran-

diana. Pro. Zool, Soc, London, 1871.

86

20.

30.

aie

B2:

PETTERD : ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA.

Lithynia unicarinata, ‘Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat—Generally distributed throughout the Island.
A very variable shell in colour, size and form, hence the
number of species that have been formed. Specimens of
all intermediate grades are commonly met with, running so
imperceptibly into each other that it is impossible to separate
them with anything like satisfaction. I have never met with
a shell in which extreme individuals show so much variation.
It is generally coated with confervoid growth.

Bithynia Dunrobinensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., August, 1875.

Habitat—River Ouse. Longer and more slender than
its congeners.

Bithynia Huonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc.,
August, 1875,

Habitat—Huon River, Sorrel, George Town ; also Mel-
bourne, Victoria. A very different form to any of the other
species of the genus; in fact, it is so distinct that I think it
requisite to form a genus for itsreception. Itis of a pyramidal
form with an elevated, acuminate spire ofa shining, rich brown
color.

Bithynia Dyeriana, n. sp.

Shell minute, turbinately conical, brown, much corroded,
spire very obtuse, whorls 414, rounded, somewhat inflated ;
suture impressed; aperture ovate ; margins continuous.

Habitat—Stream Long Bay (Mr. B. Dyer). The smallest
of our species, apparently confined to the locality given when
it was got by my friend Mr. Dyer, after whom I have much
pleasure in naming it.

Amnicola? Launcestonensis, Johnston. Pro. Royal Soc,
Tas., 1878,

Jj.C., ii, Mar., 1879

34.

PETTERD : ON FRESHWATER SHELLS OF TASMANIA. 87

Habitat—First Basin, Launceston. Somewhat plentiful;
very distinct from anything previously known.

. Unio moretonicus, Sow.

Habitat—Esk River, and most of the larger streams
emptying into Bass Straits. Our only species; abundant in
the northern streams but not the southern.

Cyclas tasmanica, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal Soc. Tas.,
August, 1875.

Widely distributed in almost all the streams throughout
the Island.

Pisidium Dulvertonensis, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal
Soc. Tas., August, 1875.
Habitat—Lake Dulverton.

. Pisidium tasmanicum, Tennison Woods. Pro. Royal

soc. Tas., Aug., 1875.
Habitat—In most streams and pools.

In a paper contributed to the Royal Society of Victoria, 9th

Aug., 1877, the Rev. J. E. Tennison-Woods describes the follow-
ing species. ‘The majority of those from Tasmania were collected
by me, and form part of a series now in the National Museum of

Victoria.

1. Birostra McCoyt. Waterhouse, Tasmania.
2. Olivella Australis. Clark’s Island, Bass Straits.
Mangelia Harrison. Be “4
+5 trachys. Brighton, Victoria.
Rissoina Kershawt. Long Bay, Tasmania.
3 suprasculpta. 5 .
. Bittium semilevis. North-west Tasmania.
Thalobia marie. Port Phillip Heads, Victoria.
3 tesselata. “ és os
10. dubia, Clark’s Island, Bass Straits.

CO MI AN Aw

88 DURBAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA.

11. Ltotia minima. Long Bay, Tasmania.

12. Minolta vectiliginea, Menke, var. Hobson’s Bay, Victoria.

13. Lapes Victorie. WHobson’s Bay, Victoria.

14. Circe pythinoides. w

15. Arca McCoy. Victoria.

16. Pectunculus flabellatus. Spencer’s Gulf, 5. Australia, and
North Coast, Tasmania.

2?

17. ZDruncatella micra. Brighton, Victoria.
18. FPhysa crebriciliata. Victoria.

19. 4, avachnoidea. ie
QO Msn Cr SO Tit: ‘
21. Lythinia Victoria. -

Hobart Town, Tasmania,
November, 1878.

$$$

THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA,
BETWEEN SPITZBERGEN AND NOVAYA ZEMBLIA.

By W. S. M. D’URBAN, F.L.S.,

Curator of the Devon and Exeter Albert Memorial Museunt

Understanding that Mr. W. J. A. Grant of Hillersden House,
Cullompton, Devon, who had previously accompanied Sir Allen
Young in the ‘ Pandora,’ in 1876, to Smith’s Sound as photo-
grapher, was about to join the Dutch Arctic Exploring Vessel, the
‘Willem Barents’ with the same office, I requested him to collect
any specimens of Natural History that might come in his way, for
the Devon and Exeter Albert Memorial Museum, under my
charge. Mr. Grant most kindly undertook to do whatever lay in
his power, and fulfilled his promise most satisfactorily, as he
brought back with him several bottles filled with specimens ob-
tained by dredging in the Barents Sea, between Spitzbergen and
Novaya Zemblia.

J.C., ii, Mar., 1879

D'URBAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA. 89

Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys has most obligingly examined and deter-
mined all the mollusca in the collection for me, and by so doing
has rendered the following lists far more valuable than they would
have been had they been founded on the determinations of a less
experienced conchologist.

A brief account of the voyage of the ‘Willem Barents’ may
not be out of place by way of introduction to the list of shells
collected by Mr. Grant.

The stout little schooner of 79 tons, named after the famous
Dutch Arctic Explorer, was only launched on 6th April, 1878,
having been built especially for the purpose for which she was to
be employed. She left Amsterdam on the 5th May last, under
the command of Lieut. A. de Bruyne, of the Dutch Royal Navy,
her officers and crew numbering fourteen persons in all. From
the 12th to 18th May the vessel was at Bergen in Norway.
From thence the adventurous explorers shaped their course to
Jan Mayen Island. A fine view of this volcanic Island was
obtained on the oth June, and an illustration of it, taken from a
photograph by Mr. Grant, will be found in the “TIllustrated
London News” for 26th October, 1878. The explorers were
prevented from landing by a violent gale, which drove their little
vessel from the anchorage. On the 12th June they reached the
edge of the West Ice, and running along the line of this, on the
19th of the month they were at the North-western end of
Spitzbergen. ‘They worked along the Northern shore of the
island until stopped by the ice on the 27th in 80° 18’ North
Latitude. They then retraced their course and proceeded to
Amsterdam Island. Here they tarried a few days to set upa
memorial, consisting of an engraved stone slab, in the midst of
the ancient Dutch Grave Yard. The 4th July found them onthe
edge of the West Ice again. They next ran to the South-east,
and from the 13th to 16th July were off Bear Island, where
dredgings were made in 25 fathoms on the Spitzbergen Bank,

go D’'URBAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA.

On the 17th and 18th abundance of specimens were obtained in
210 and 220 fathoms, and amongst other things brought up were
large individuals of a Foraminifer (7y7/oculina tricarinata, D’Orb.),
kindly determined for me by the Rey. A. M. Norman. On the
22nd of July the schooner was at Vardo in Norway, from whence
she sailed North-east till the 27th, when she ran almost due North
along the 45 meridian until the rst August. On that day the
party encountered the ice in 77° 10’ N., but pushed on to 77° 51’
N. in 44° 20’ E. longitude, where they were stopped by the pack
ice. On 31st July, not long before reaching the ice, they dredged
in 120 fathoms, obtaining many specimens of Zima subovata,
Jeffreys, of a very large size. The next day, at the very edge of
the ice in rro fathoms, abundance of animals were brought to the
surface, including fishes of the genera Cottus and Agonus, and
small flat-fishes, Prawns, Pycnogonids, Lchint, Astrophyton and
other star-fishes. There are, however, no shells amongst the
specimens from this station given me by Mr. Grant, The pack
ice was skirted toward the west for ten days, and the gallant little
vessel narrowly escaped being beset among the heavy west floes of
immense thickness. The course was now changed to the South
and East, and ‘on the zoth August the ‘Willem Barents’ entered
the mouth of the narrow Matoshkin Strait, which divides Novaya
Zemblia into two islands, remaining there about five days. Whilst
here, Mr. Grant picked up a dead specimen of a variety of Husus
despectus, Linné, described and figured by Middendorff as a
variety of / antiguus from the White Sea and the coast of
Russian Lapland. Proceeding northwards along the west coast
of Novaya Zemblia, on 3rd September the vessel was off Cape
Troost of Barents, and Mr. Grant collected some obscure fossils
in Slates and Quartzites at both Penkratjew Island and Cape
Troost. The explorers next steered North again, meeting the
pack ice once more on 7th September, in latitude 78° 17’ 7” N.,
and’ longitude 55° E., being then just 100 miles from Franz

J.C., i, Mar., 1879

DURBAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA. gt

Joseph Land. From this point the return voyage was commenced,
and the schooner arrived at Hammerfest in Norway on the 23rd
September, and at Amsterdam on 13th October, after a most
interesting and instructive cruise. Important meteorological and
magnetical observations were made, deep-sea soundings and serial
temperatures were obtained, and specimens of natural history
collected whenever opportunity offered. Mr. Grant, notwith-
standing the limited space on board the tiny vessel and the
almost constant fogs experienced, succeeded in obtaining an
excellent series of photographs, two of which are reproduced in
the “Illustrated London News” for 25th January last. Dr.
Sluyter was the naturalist attached to the expedition, and his
collections will be studied at Leyden.

LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED BY W. J. A. GRANT, ESQ., IN THE
SEAS BETWEEN SPITZBERGEN & NOVAYA ZEMBLIA, IN 1871.

Brachiopoda.
Terebratula caput-serpentis, Zznme.
var. septentrionalis.

Conchifera.
Pecten Groenlandicus, G. B. Sowerby.
», Hoskynsi, Forbes.
Lima subovata, Jeffreys.
Modiolaria discors, L.
Nucula tenuis, J/onz.
var. inflata, Hancock.
Leda pernula, AZi/1.
», intermedia, JZ. Sars.
», abyssicola, Zorell.
Arca glacialis, Gray.
»» pectunculoides, Scacchi.
Astarte crenata, Gray.

Q2 D’URBAN : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA.

Tellina calcarea, Chemtz.
Saxicava rugosa, Z., var. precisa.

Solenoconchia.
Siphodentalium vitreum, JZ Sars.

Gastropoda.
Lepeta ceca, AZiil/.

Trochus Groenlandicus, Chew.
hs varicosus, Jighels.
Scalaria Greenlandica, Chem.

Natica affinis, Gyzelzn.

» Groenlandica, Beck.
Buccinum undatum, Z. (young).
Fusus despectus, Z., var.
Pleurotoma bicarinata. Couwthony.

7 turricula, A/on?., and var. nobilis.
Bulla propinqua, JZ, Sars.

ee

The following lists show the species met with at each of the
different spots where dredging operations were carried on, and at
which Mr. Grant collected specimens. In most cases the latitude
and longitude were attached to his specimens, but in one or two
instances I have taken them as nearly .as I could from a small
Dutch map, “Kaart der Noordeluke Ijszee met reisroute der
‘Willem Barents,’ Kommandant A. de Bruyne, 1878,” kindly
lent me by Mr. Grant. The depths at which the specimens were
obtained have been taken principally from this map, which shows
the course sailed over and the spots where dredgings were made,
with the depths and other particulars.

rath July, 1878. Lat. 74> 6 N:, lone. 18° 5’ E., off Bear
Island; 25 fathoms.

Modiolaria discors, Lzzné.
Nucula tenuis, AZon¢, var. inflata, Hancock.

J.C. ii., Mar., 1879

D'URBAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA. 93

Leda pernula, JJi7/.
5, intermedia, JZ Sars.

Arca glacialis, Gray.
Saxicava rugosa, Z., var. precisa.
Trochus Grcenlandicus, Chem.
Natica affinis, Gel.
Buccinum undatum, Z. (young).

7th July. Lat. 74° 5’ N., long. 23° 0’ E.; 220 fathoms.
Pecten Hoskynsi, /ordes ; large.
Siphodentalium vitreum, 47 Sars.
Pleurotoma turricula, J/onz., var. nobilis.

Toth, july, Wat. 73° 4m 2, N., long ’20° 58 307 EB. 21o\f
Terebratula caput-serpentis, Z., var. septentrionalis.
Pecten Grceenlandicus, G. B. Sowerby.

»» Hoskynsi, Forbes; large.
Modiolaria discors, Z.
Nucula tenuis, JZozz.
Leda pernula, JZ7i//.

», intermedia, JZ. Sars.
Arca pectunculoides, Scaccht,; large.
Astarte crenata, Gray.
Siphodentalium vitreum, 7 Sars.

zatheliulye Wat. 72. sO; Nelone. 37157 oO Hoy 140k

Leda pernula, JZziJ/.

Arca glacialis, Gray.

Astarte crenata, Gray.

Tellina calcarea, Chem.

Saxicava rugosa, Z., var. preecisa.
Lepeta czeca, Ail.

24 July. Lat. 72° 5’ 30° N., long 37° 57’ 18° H.; 145
Arca glacialis, Gray.

Astarte crenata, Gray.

94 D’'URBAN: ON THE MOLLUSCA OF BARENTS SEA.

Saxicava rugosa, Z., var. preecisa; very large.
Lepeta ceca, AZi//.
Both uly.) Wate 7ae 6 42: N. longy 457142) Ee ecool
bottom, small stones.
Leda pernula, J7i/7.; very fine.
», abyssicola, Zorell.
Nucula tenuis, JZozz.
Arca glacialis, Gray.
Siphodentalium vitreum, JZ, Sars.
Trochus varicosus, AZzghels.
Natica affinis, G7vel.
» Greenlandica, Beck.
Pleurotoma bicarinata, Cozthouy.
Bulla propinqua, JZ Sars.
Both July, Wat.75° 16) OTN. long. 45° mor 260 ES toone
bottom, small stones.
Scalaria Groenlandica, Chem.
Bulla propinqua, JZ Sarvs.
Srst wily: late 76% te On ONE longs 45 aa on orumne
Dredged in sand and mud near the ice, in 130 fathoms.
Lima subovata, /effreys; many living.
Leda pernula, A7i//., var. falcata,
5» abyssicola, Zorell.
Arca glacialis, Gray.
Saxicava rugosa, L.
Buccinum undatum, Z., an egg capsule.

2oth August. Matoshkin Strait, Novaya Zemblia; on the shore.
Fusus despectus, Z.; dead.

february, 1879.

J.C., ii., Mar., 1879

LEGRAND! ON A FEW TASMANIAN SHELLS, 95

NOTES ON A FEW TASMANIAN LAND AND FRESH-
WATER SHELLS.

‘By W. LEGRAND.

There are two Helices—H. disulcata and H. subangulata—
described and figured in ‘Conchologia Iconica’ as Tasmanian, of
which nothing is known here. Mr. Gunn, on whose authority
they are given, can give no information respecting them. The
first, H. drsulcata, has some general resemblance to H. Launcees-
tonensis, Reeve, of which it. may possibly be a monstrosity ; but
the second has nothing Tasmanian about it, either in form or
coloring. The types of both are in the British Museum collec-
tion.

Two British Helices have found their way here—Z. cellaria,
described by Cox as H. Sydneyensis, and H. costata, also described
by him as &. Alexandre ,; the first also common to N. S. Wales
and New Zealand, the second I have only received from Sydney
and its neighbourhood. A. aspersa seems working its way here;
I have received it from Mauritius, and Auckland, New Zealand,
where it is very common, and Mr. Beddome has received it from
Victoria, so that its reaching here seems merely a question of time.

Limnea Tasmanica, Woods, is very similar to, if not identical
with, the British species L. stagnalis, and Ancylus Cumingianus
is without question the finest species of the genus. Several years
since I sent it to Mr. Hanley, who proposed for it a new subgenus
Legrandia, but as 1 found that Bourguignat had described it in
“Zoological Proceedings,” and had erected a subgenus, Ancylas-
trum, for it, 1 have not made use of Mr. Hanley’s name. We
have one or two other species of Ancylus, but there is nothing
peculiar about them. Ny

Our Vitrina Milligani (if it belongs to the genus, which
seems doubtful, as the animal has not been examined) was, until
the discovery of . superba in Queensland, the finest species of

96 PETTERD: ON COLONISING LAND SHELLS.

the genus. Albers classes it (from the shell only) with the New
Zealand A. Lusbyz and Victorian H. atramentarta under the
subgenus Paryphanta, perhaps it may turn out to be something
between Ae/zx and Vitrina.

I tried unsuccessfully to procure specimens of Gundlachia
from Cuba and California, both of which places have credit for
this genus. I little thought to find it so near home. An un-
doubted one has been discovered near Launceston by Mr. W. F.
Petterd.

We have several &ythinellas, one of which, B. Huonensis,
Mr. Woods has made the type of a new sub-genus Zazea.

I may possibly make some of our marine species the subject
of another paper.

January, 1879.

$66

COLONISING LAND SHELLS.
By W. F. PETTERD:

The following species of Land and Freshwater Shells have
been introduced into Australia, and are now thoroughly acclima-
tised. Possibly other species have been imported that I have not
met with.

1. Helix aspersa. In great abundance around the suburbs of
Melbourne, Victoria. Mr. J. S. Gibbons (‘ Quarterly Journal
of Conchology,’ August, 1878) records its introduction in
Brazil, St. Helena, and the Cape of Good Hope. My friend
Mr. C. E. Beddome has recently placed some living speci-
mens in the Scrub, near Hobart Town, so that in a few years it
may be equally as abundant in this island as on the mainland.

2. Helix cellaria. In great profusion in the. streets, cellars,
and such like places in Launceston and Hobart Town, Tas-
mania; also Auckland, New Zealand, and Sydney, Australia.

J.C., ii., Mar., 1879

PETTERD : ON COLONISING LAND SHELLS. 97

Mr. Gibbons states that it occurs at St. Helena, Madeira
and the Cape of Good Hope.

Dr. Cox, in his ‘Monograph of Australian Land Shells,’
quotes it as a new species under the name of HZ. Sydneyenszs.
I have carefully examined vast numbers and cannot.detect
any variation from the typical European form. Under the
name of 4. cellarius I include it nm my ‘Monograph of

Tasmanian Land Shells,’ recently read before the Royal
Society of Tasmania.

. Helix costata. Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, and
gardens about Hobart Town, Tasmania. Described by Dr.
Cox under the name of 7. Alexandre. About Hobart Town
it is often met with, and is becoming more plentiful and
diffused every year.

Bulimus acutus. I recently had sent me some fine speci-
mens of this shell collected near Melbourne, Victoria.

. Helix similaris. This has been obtained in great quantity
in Guilfoyles Nursery, near Sydney, New South Wales. It
appears to be a great wanderer, for Dr. Cox states that it has
been collected in Cuba, Brazil, Reunion, Mauritius, Natal,
Java, Bengal, China and the Sandwich Islands.

. Planorbis lacustris. In the freshwater streams near Mel-
bourne, Victoria, this shell is plentiful. It is a highly
polished, yellow variety. It is difficult to account for its
introduction; doubtless the land species have been imported
among soil with plants, but I cannot understand how the
freshwater shell could find its way to the antipodes.

. Limngea stagnalis. Iwas informed some years ago that
the common large Zzmnu@a in the streams around Hobart
Town was this European species imported. It certainly
resembles it in a most striking manner, and I think eventually

J.C., ii., April, 1879. D1

98 BULL: ON TESTACELLA MAUGEI IN JERSEY.

it will turn out to be the same, although the Rey. J. E. T. Woods
has recently described it as new, under the name of Z.
tasmantica.
November, 1878.
=< 0

TESTACELLA MAUGETI IN JERSEY.
By MARTIN M. BULL, F-.R.C.P.L.

In April, 1878, I found a Zestacel/a crawling on a path at the
foot of a low walk surmounted by a hawthorn hedge. The local
conchologists had not met with it; but on enquiry I learned that
it had for some years been met with occasionally, about four
inches under the surface, in a dry bank about half a mile from
my locality. A specimen was brought me from thence shortly
afterwards.

Keeping my eye on my own locality, I met with a second
specimen in November. M. Duprey, fils, to whom I gave it,
thought from the size of the shell that it might be 7Zestacella
Mauger.

I saw athird last month, crawling on the same path, at 2p.m.,
the others having been found at 9 a.m. I took it indoors, when
it presently emitted a mass of frothy mucus like soapsuds,
equalling about one-tenth of the bulk of its body, from under the
anterior margin of its shell. This led me to suppose that the
opening into the pulmonary sac must be in that situation, as I
did not see by what other mechanism such a mass of air-bubbles
could be produced. Being myself unacquainted with the anatomy
of mollusca, I communicated with the author of ‘ British Concho-
logy,’ and sent the slug alive to him. Mr. Jeffreys informs me
that—“it is unquestionably Zestacella Mauger,” and that I am
“quite right as to the position of the respiratory sac.”

Jersey, March 4, 1879.

J.C., ii., April, 1879

GIBBONS : ON OMALONYX UNGUIS AND O, FELINA, 99

COMPARISON OF OMALONYX UNGUTS, D’ORB.,
WITH O. FELINA, Guppy.

By J. S. GIBBONS, M.B.

Last year I discovered in Demerara an Omalonyx that was
pronounced by Mr. Guppy to be identical with the Trinidad
species O. felina, I have since collected the O. wnguis of D’Orb.
at Bahia, and I find (contrary to my expectations) that there is a
decided difference between the two, but of a comparative nature
only.

The soft parts of O. waguis are as follows:—Body, when
moderately extended, cylindrico-lanceolate, high and truncate in
front, broad opposite the shell, and tumid, sloped and tapering
towards posterior end, which is somewhat acutely pointed ; mar-
gins of foot opposite the shell a little expanded; the surface is
irregularly and sparingly granulate, lubricated, shining; mantle
thickish, prolonged a little over dorsum, and investing edge of
shell for a short distance; tentacles, upper pair conical, shortish,
thick and somewhat triangular at the base, where they arise close
together, bulbs blunt and rather thick; lower tentacles cylindrical,
very short and thick; color of animal opaque, greyish-white, often
with a yellowish tinge, speckled with faint cinereous grey spots,
sometimes few, occasionally nearly absent; a couple of broad
longitudinal streaks of dark purplish brown pass from each end
of the shell to the anterior and posterior extremities of the animal
(in the latter case converging to the lip, in front passing to the
base of the upper tentacles, and thence up to the bulbs); the
shell is situated in the middle of the dorsum, the spire directed
backwards; under the spire and easily seen through the transparent
shell, there is a dark brown patch from which three or four streaks
of the same color radiate to the anterior margins of the shell.

‘Length about 14 in., by 3 in. in breadth.

Ioo GIBBONS : ON OMALONYX UNGUIS AND O. FELINA,

Omalonyx felina (as observed in Demerara) differs from the
above in being somewhat smaller and more tumid, and in having
the posterior end more abruptly pointed ; the spots too are larger,
darker, and more numerous, and consequently the longitudinal
streaks appear less prominent.

The shell is distinguishable from that of O, umguzs by its
more oval and less oblong shape, by being flatter and more
depressed, and by having the spire smaller, less twisted, and
altogether more rudimentary; viewed from below, less of the spire
is visible than in the other species; lastly there is a difference in
the color, O. wnguis being a bright amber, while this is more of a
dull greyish straw color.

Mr. Guppy’s description of the Trinidad mollusc was origin-
ally published in the ‘Proceedings of the Scientific Association of
Trinidad’ (Dec., 1872); as this publication may not be easily
accessible to some of the readers of this journal, and as Mr.
Guppy’s remarks are of very great interest, I take the liberty of
extracting the following. At page 4 he says:—‘“‘I have been
“favoured by Governor Rawson, C.B., with a specimen of 0.
“unguis, Fér., from Guadelupe. That shell is faithfully repre-
“sented in ‘Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca’ (pl. xii., fig. 24),
“and it scarcely differs from the Trinidad form. I do not know the
“soft parts of the Guadelupe mollusc, but it appears to me that a
“question here arises—the soft parts of O. umguds, as figured by
“‘D’Orbigny, are different from the Trinidad mollusc. D’Orbigny’s
‘animal was from South America, but Férussac’s type appears to
‘have been the Guadelupe shell. It may then possibly turn out that
“ D’Orbigny’s species is not the same as Férussac’s. Should the
“latter prove to be identical with the Trinidad shell, the name
“given by me must be abandoned, and a new appellation given
“to D’Orbigny’s; but it is not improbable that all three are really
“distinct, for in a group like Owalonyx, where the shells are
“rather deficient in very marked characters, it may easily be that

J.C., it., April, 1879

GIBBONS : ON OMALONYX UNGUIS AND O. FELINA. IO!

“the specific differences are not so easily impressed upon the
“shell as upon the soft parts.”

From the above it seems evident that the species found by
D’Orbigny in Bolina and collected by me in Bahia, is not the O.
unguis of Férussac; whether the Trinidad and Guadelupe mol-
luscs are one species is a point not yet, I believe, settled.

The figure in Woodward would answer to either species
collected by me, except in regard to the spire, which is too
prominent for O. fe/zna, but exactly represents that of the Bahia
shell.

Mr. Guppy, when separating the Trinidad Omalonyx as a
distinct species, seems to have been guided more by the soft parts
than by theshell. It is in the shells however that the chief dis-
tinction lays—the difference in the animals depending on charac-
ters that are liable to considerable variation, eg., the shape and
degree of convexity of the body will be found to alter according
as the animal is more or less extended.

According to My. Guppy’s observations the mantle of O.
felina is reflected over the shell, often completely covering it, but
occasionally retracted so as to expose the central portion. I have
repeatedly looked for this expansion of the mantle, both in the
Demerara mollusc and in the Bahia species, but although I kept
specimens alive for some time, I never saw more than a limited
portion of the margin of the shell enveloped.

The eggs of Omalonyx, deposited at Bahia in the month of
September, bear a considerable resemblance to those of our larger
English slugs, having a semipellucid membranous capsule.

November 15th, 1878.

102 PETTERD : ON TASMANIAN MARINE SHELLS.

NEW SPECIES OF TASMANIAN MARINE SHELLS.
By W. F. PETTERD.

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania’ the
Rey. Mr. Woods has described a large number of new species of
marine shells, including over 60 species from my collection, and
subsequently the same gentleman compiled a census of the
species known up to that time. Although of such recent date I
have already met with several new species, the majority of which
I now describe. The species do not present any very noticeable
departure from the already recorded forms peculiar to this island.
The most worthy of special notice 1s a new Schzsmope, very differ-
ent from the other Tasmanian species described by Mr. Woods
as S. Atkinsoni, and a species of Zornazel/a, a genus heretofore not
known to exist here, and although of very small size is worthy, on
that account, of notice.

There is little doubt that much remains to be done in the
marine shells of the island, and as dredging researches proceed,
our knowledge will thereby be much augmented, and it will in all
probability be found that our present knowledge gives but a scant
idea of the mollusca of this province.

In future numbers of this journal I hope to have the pleasure
of bringing under the notice of its readers ‘much additional in-
formation respecting the described species, and notices of those
that I may meet with that are not recorded.

(Dimensions in French millimetres).

1. Daphnela Kingensis, n. sp.

Shell fusiform, somewhat solid, pale brown, slightly
polished; whorls 6, distantly ribbed and regularly transversely
striate, striz passing over the ribs; last whorl large, faintly
ribbed at the suture, transverse and faintly longitudinally

J.C. it, April, 1879

PETTERD : ON TASMANIAN MARINE SHELLS. 103

striate; spire obtuse; apical whorls smooth; suture impressed;
aperture elongately ovate, half the length of the shell; labrum
thickened ; sinus inconspicuous.

Long. 13, lat. 5 mil.

Habitat—King’s Island, Bass Straits.

A shell with much the appearance of D. Varix, T.
Woods, but much more narrow and fusiform; the aperture

is also shorter, and the body-whorl is faintly tuberculate at
the suture.

2. Cythara MacCoyi, n. sp.

Shell fusiformly turretted, whitish; spire same length as
aperture ; whorls 64, convex, somewhat inflated; elegantly
ribbed, becoming gradually obsolete at the base and trans-
versely lirate; lirae broad, flatly rounded, equalling the inter-
stices passing over the ribs; aperture ovate, outer lip thin.

Long. 10, lat. 44 mil.

Habitat—Brown River.

Allied to C. ¢asmanica of Tennison Woods, but more
inflated and with the fibs lirate,

3. Gibbula tasmanica, n. sp.

Shell turbinately conical, perforate, greenish white; spire
small; whorls 44, bluntly angled at the periphery, base
rounded, girdled with regular rounded fine lire above and
below; aperture rounded, joined by a thin callus, interior
iridescent with red and green.

Long. 6, lat. 55 mil.

Habitat—Brown River.

A single specimen obtained in the dredge at 5 fathoms.
Its nearest approach 1s C. aurea, T. Woods, but from which
it may be easily known by attending to diagnosis as given
above.

104 PETTERD : ON TASMANIAN MARINE SHELLS.

4. Fossarina Legrandi, n. sp.

Shell small, depressly globose, thin, highly polished,
translucent, rich brown; spire minute, very little elevated;
whorls 24, suture much impressed; aperture inflately lunate,
tinged white and faintly dilate at the inner portion.

Diam. 2, long. 2 mil.

Habitat—Circular Head and Kings Island, Bass Straits.

A minute polished shell; in shape somewhat resembling
Lr, Petterdi, Crosse, but the coloration and extreme polish is
totally different from that shell. It is rarely met with, and
then only dead specimens.

5. Columbella alba, n. sp.

Shell attenuately-fusiform, shining, white faintly tinged
with chesnut, regularly transversely striate all over; whorls 6,
flatly convex; aperture narrowly ovate, inner portion faintly
thickened, outer lip thin.

Long. 7, lat. 3 mil.

Habitat—Blackman’s Bay.

A very distinct species from any form heretofore recorded
from this island; the regular transverse strize is a character by
which it can be easily recognised.

6. Schismope tasmanica, n. sp.

Shell minute, obliquely globose, perforated, thin, white,
somewhat shining; spire scarcely raised, minute; whorls 34,
last much inflated, perforation deep, margined with a promi-
nent ridge which is faintly serrated; obscurely irregularly
striate all over; sinus deeply open, fascia of which forms a
deep groove encircling body whorl; aperture rounded, inner
lip faintly dilate, labrum thin, acute.

(ong: 2; lat. 2 smal:

Habitat—Blackman’s Bay.

The second species discovered here; it may be easily
known from the first, S. A¢kinsonz, T. Woods, by the smooth

J.C Apaletsya

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. 105

globose form and color. I have only collected two specimens
in shell sand at the locality given.

7. Tornatella minuta, n. sp.

_ Shell minute, ovate, white, shining, pellucid; spire small;
whorls 4, flattened, apex mammilate; transversely striate with
fine waved strize, and faintly longitudinally striate; aperture
long, narrow, expanded at base; columella fold conspicuous;
outer lip a little thickened.

Wonca oe late nail:

Habitat—Forneaux Group, Bass Straits (R. M. Johnston).

A minute, polished shell belonging to a genus new to
Tasmania. Obtained with Zrwzcatella tasmanica.

Hobart Town, Tasmanta.
August 3, 1876.

ee

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF
CYPRAID4 COLLECTED IN THE,S. SEA ISLANDS.

By ANDREW GARRETT.

Every species enumerated in the following catalogue was
collected by the writer during many years devoted to a concho-
logical exploration of the Polynesian Islands.

The groups explored, ten in number, are divided into Eastern
and Western Polynesia; though in an ethnological point of view
the Viti Islands would be excluded; being, in fact, the eastern
limits of Melanesia or Australasia.

Having noticed so many errors in the localities of South Sea
shells, as recorded by different authors, I have thought it advis-
able, in order to ensure accuracy, not to cite a single writer on
the subject, but, as above stated, enumerate only the species and
localities actually discovered by myself.

Further research will undoubtedly extend the range of some
of the species, and perhaps add a few more to the list.

106

GARRETT ; CATALOGUE OF CYPRZIDA.

Cypreea annulus, Zzm. ..:

9)

9)

Arabica, Liz.
argus, Lzm.
arenosa, Gray
sells a7 eee
aurantia, AJart. ...
carneola, Zz7. ...
cylindrica, Gorn. ...
candida, Pease...
caurica, Lin.
clandestina, £77.
COMPA -eaSen inte:
cribraria, £27. ...
Cumingi, Gray
caput-anguis, Phil.
caput-serpentis, £27.
cruenta, Gel...
eburnea, Barnes ...
erosa, Lz7. Aaa
errones, £272. ae?
esontropia, Duclos
felina, Gmel.
fimbriata, Ged.
fuscomaculata, ease
Gaskoinu, Reeve
Goodall, Gray
hirundo, Zzm, ...

helvola, Zzz-; Ab
irrorata, Sol.
isabella, Zzz. oe

intermedia, Gray
Ines) Lea ak
Mauritiana, Zzz.
moneta, Zz7.

MeN OTOL, LATS ane
microdon, Gray ...
obvelata, Zam....

Bee eel. lal.
CS leq |S SS | gp |S SAIS
7) esi Eso S Ps
| S| C1 Blas lite Ol Sl S15
SIS|Stei8olSi aia
1A | ($4 IO 10 | 1 |= ea
x} x |x| xix
Xe || ex x x |X
51) SeULS< ISK IP Se')
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x | x | x
Xx Xx x
x} x 1x1 xIxilxtixtx|x |x
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x
x}|x}x}x1xIlx
xlxilx}lx}x
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x | x
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chdehashuleane
x | x
x
x |x |x] x] x Ix | xe |x x
S| SS SS AS TP Ss x
x x x *
x
x] x] x} x} xlixtx |x x
x | x | x |x
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x |x| x 1x} x ix |x |x
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xIx|x

J.C., ii., April, 1879

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

poraria, Zz. aus
propinqua, Gav. ot
punctata, Lz7.
quadrimaculata, Gray...
reticulata, Marz. ...
rhinoceros, Souv.
scurra, Chen.

Sirollivcley, Sl7a." Boe ah
semiplota, A/7gh. ...
sulcidentata, Gray
talbeSCemsunSOn mee
talpa, Zz7.

testudinaria, Zz7....

teres, Gmel. ... en
tessellata, Soz.
tigris, Zz7. ar Baie

ursellus, Gweel.

unifasciata, Afzghels ..

ventriculus, Zam....

vatelliass 770) ae
sp

5 : ae a
Cypreeovula Adamsonu, Gray ...
Trivia annulata, Gray

39

Childreni, Gray...
consobrina, Gaz7. ...
corrugata, Pease... bas
cicercula, Zzz.

exigua, Gray

globulus, Zzz. =o
insecta, Mzghels...
mane, WLi7 naan
margarita, So/. ee
Madagascarensis, Gmelin
nucleus, Lzz.

oryza, Lam. aie
staphylea, Zzz. ... is
spheerula, AZighels ...

Sct ene ai

x | Viti Islands.

x

x

x

Ok Oe

a

| Tonga Isls.
x | Samoa Isls.
x | Kingsmill Ils.
x | Caroline Isls.

x

x xX

x

x

x

x

x xX

Genco me

x

x

x xX

\

x

Ce De Pens x x

x

x x x | Society Isls.
x x x | Paumotu Ils.

CoS tas. PS PS

Oe BOM OW Ome IPS

x

x

KEKE EX

a)
(eo)
~y

| Marquesas I].
x | Sandwich Ils.

x

xxxxxAxxxx x

108 GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

SUMMARY.

Western Polynesia.
Viti Islands SABA Re aoa. SSA evil OYSICHLSS,
Monganislancdsyis ey)! ee elena © Re
SamlOadelisl aids vl wane em eee mem AcT 53
KGnesnll islands) (ee eee i
Caroline; islands) ia) eemereinsee a

Eastern Polynesia.
Cookispslands : 50) e ete em On SpeCles:
SOonetiy) Jislknmels yea | aha’, nea) 2S 5)
Raum ORES lanGSankcc) eee eee a8
Mememesas Isls) 4, sa. ee ER my
Sandwich ls lamcsiie ssn cee mesa Ws

In Western Polynesia we obtained 53 species, 18 of which
did not occur to our notice in the Eastern groups.

Eastern Polynesia yielded 56 species, 20 of which we did not
observe in the Western Islands.

Owing to the almost total absence of coral reefs at the Mar-
quesas, we find but few species, though a more careful exploration
will undoubtedly add some, but not many more, to the 13 re-
corded from that group.

1. ©. (Aricia) annulus, Lin. This common and well-known
species occurs on reefs and weedy bottom in shallow water.
Though plentiful in all the Western groups, it did not occur
to our notice in any part of Eastern Polynesia, where it is
represented by the closely allied C. obvedata.

2. C. (Aricia) Arabica, Lin. Common under dead coral on
reefs at the Viti, Tonga, and Samoa Islands, and more rare
at the Kingsmill and Caroline groups. At the Society and
Paumotu Islands we obtained several examples, which were
larger, more depressed, the teeth coarser, the aperture more
open, and the round spots more conspicuous than in Western

specimens.

J.C., ii., April, 1879

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAID. 109

3. ©. Argus, Lin. This beautiful cowry is really a scarce
South Sea shell. It is confined to the Western groups, and
inhabits deep water outside the reefs. ‘The animal is quite
unknown to me.

4. C. (Aricia) arenosa, Gray. The Paumotus’ are evidently
the metropolis of this species, where it is far more abundant
than at the Cook’s or Society Islands. They are found on
the outer reefs. As far as we know, it is confined to South
Eastern Polynesia.

The young exhibit the same, but more conspicuous,
fasciation as seen in the adult shells.

Dillwyn, in his remarks on C. carneola, says—this is the
shell that Lamarck described under the name of C. sordida;
if so, the latter has precedence over Gray’s name.

5. C. asellus, Lin. This small species only occurred to our
notice at the Viti, Tonga and Samoa Islands, where we ob-
tained a few examples from the underside of clumps of dead
coral on reefs.

6. C. (Luponia) aurantia, Martyn. We obtained this rare
and costly species at the Viti, Caroline and Society Islands,
where they live in deep water outside the reefs. The animal
is probably unknown. Besides the three above localities,
it has been found at the Pelew Group. The old authors
erroneously cited New Zealand and the Friendly Islands=
Tonga as its habitat. : |

They are highly prized by the natives, who consider
them regal ornaments, and as such are worn suspended on
the necks of the high chiefs. In the Viti Group, where they

are an article of traffic, they are by the traders valued at 25

dollars a pair. At the Society Islands they are so excessively

rare that I have known a native to refuse the above amount
for a single shell.

IIo GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRADIA,

7. ©. carneola, Lin. Not uncommon on reefs, and diffused
all through Polynesia. Our largest and finest examples were
obtained at the Paumotu Islands.

8. C. cylindrica, Born. A very rare species, found washed up
on the sands at the Paumotu Islands.

9. C. (Luponia) candida, Pease. We obtained Mr. Pease’s
type specimens at Apiang, one of the Kingsmill Islands,
where they were found washed up on the lagoon sands.
When they passed into Mr. Pease’s possession I supposed
them to be slightly worn specimens of C. clandestina.

to. C, (Luponia) caurica, Lin. Not uncommon under stones
inside the reefs, and occurs at all the Western groups. At.
Rarotonga, one of the Cook’s Islands, we found a single beach-
worn specimen.

11. C. (Luponia) clandestina, Lin. This is comparatively a
rare species, and only occurred to our notice in Western
Polynesia, where we found a few examples in shallow water
on sandy flats.

The three transverse bands and hair-like lines are some-
times quite obsolete, and may possibly prove to be identical
with C. candida, Pease.

12. C, (Luponia) compta, Pease. This seems to be a rare
species. We found a single specimen on the lagoon sands
at the Kingsmill Group. Mr. Pease’s type specimen was
obtained at Phoenix Island, east of the former group.

13. C. (Luponia) cribraria, Lin. This also seems to be a
somewhat rare species, and was only found at the Kingsmill
and Caroline Islands, where we obtained three examples from
the under side of blocks of dead coral on the outer reefs.

14. C. (Luponia) Cumingii, Gray. I record this species on
the authority of Mr, Pease, who says he found it in a lot of

J.C., ii, April, 1879

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAID. IIt

Paumotu and Society Island shells I collected many years
ago. I believe Gray’s type specimens were collected by Mr.
Cuming on the reefs at Raiatea, one of the latter group.

15. C.(Aricia) caput-anguis, Phil. This common shell, which
is chiefly confined to the Sandwich Islands, is usually cited
as a variety of C. caputserpentis; but is, I think, sufficiently
distinct to rank as a separate species. As compared with
the latter, it is generally smaller, darker colored, the sides
less dilated, and the dorsal spots not so large.

The animal has a dark-brown mantle, varied with dark
green, and garnished with‘red or red and white, more or less
divided processes. The siphon is dusky-slate, tentacles brown
with white bases, and the foot dusky slate with a paler creep-
ing disk.

16. CG. (Aricia) caput-serpentis, Lin. Common on reefs at all

the groups, except the Sandwich Islands, where it is replaced

by the preceding species. Young shells are marked with a

conspicuous median brown band.

17. C. (Luponia) cruenta, Gmel. A very rare species, found
on the outer reefs at the Kingsmill and Caroline Islands.

18. ©. (Luponia) eburnea, Barnes. This elegant species,
which only occurred to our notice in the Viti Group, is
restricted to certain localities where it is not uncommon.
They were found between tide marks on sandy-mud, having
no doubt come up from deep water to deposit their ova.

19. ©.(Luponia) erosa, Lin. Not uncommon at all the groups,
but did not observe it at any of the Marquesas Islands.
They are usually found under dead coral inside the reefs.

The animal, when fully expanded, is really a beautiful
object. The mantle is cinereous, clouded with dusky, veined
with black and white, and ornamented with numerous simple
and branched processes of a greyish hue, annulated with

112

20.

21.

22.

BBs

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

opaque-white, and tipped with vermilion-red. The dusky-
grey siphon is dotted with diluted white, and the end is
fringed with short, blunt, pink tentacular processes. . The
upper surface of the foot is delicately marbled with light
brown and ochre-yellow. Head tinged with cherry-red.

C. (Luponia) errones, Lin. Common under dead coral
in both outer and inner reefs at the Viti Islands, but less
abundant at all the other western groups. ‘Two examples
found at Kaukura, one of the Paumotu Islands, are of a
more robust shape than western examples.

They vary considerably in the convexity of the dorsal
region, and about one in ten exhibits the large spot on the
back. They are frequently marked with three wide transverse
bands which are a little darker than the ground color, which
latter is somewhat variable. The young are bluish-grey,
frecked with olive yellow, and the apex black.

C. (Luponia) esontropia, Duclos. A very rare species,
found washed up on the beaches at the Kingsmill, Cook’s
and Paumotu Islands.

C. (Luponia) felina, Gmel. This also seems to be a rare
species, and was obtained only at the Viti Islands, where we
found several specimens on sandy-mud between tide marks.

GC. fimbriata, Gmel. This small species, though diffused
nearly all over Polynesia, is not by any means common.
We obtained living examples beneath dead coral on the
outer reefs. The young exhibit four indistinct, pale yellowish-
brown bands.

The animal is cherry-red, with a paler creeping disk, and
the cinereous siphon is anteriorly fringed. ‘The, mantle is
ornamented with simple, scattered, pale tentacular processes.

C. (Luponia) fuscomaculata, Pease. A rather rare species
confined to Western Polynesia, where it represents the closely

J.C. ii, April, 1879

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. 113

allied Eastern C. Goofalli. The only esséntial distinguishing
character is the terminal brown spots in the former species.

We obtained Mr. Pease’s type specimens on the outer
reefs at the Kingsmill Islands.

25 C. (Luponia) Gaskoinii, Reeve. A somewhat rare species,
found washed up on the sands at the Paumotu, Society and
Cook’s Islands. ‘The single specimen obtained at the latter
location is nearly twice the size of those obtained at the two
former groups. Young shells are pure white.

26. ©. (Luponia) Goodalli, Gray. More common than the
preceding, and occurs under dead coral on the outer reefs at
the same localities. The young shell is also pure white.

The animal is creamy-white, the upper surface of the
foot and mantle dotted with brown. ‘Tentacles yellowish
with brown bases. Siphon simple, and the mantle is fur-
nished with small remote dendritic processes.

27. C. hirundo, L. A few examples obtained at each of the
western groups, under dead coral on the inner margins of the
outer reefs.

28, ©. (Luponia) helvola, L. More or less abundant at all the
groups, and are found lurking under dead coral on the outer
reefs.

The animal has a brownish-red mantle, which is minutely
flecked with greenish-white, and garnished with numerous,
more or less divided, lighter-colored processes, which are
dotted with vermilion-red. Siphon dotted with light yellow,
veined with cherry-red. The foot is pale luteous, mottled
with cherry-red ; tentacles of the latter hue.

29. C. irrorata, Sol. Very abundant washed up on the outer
beaches at the Paumotu Islands, but rare at the Society and
Cook’s groups. Not having found any living examples we
suppose they live in deep water on the outer margin of the
reefs.

J.C, ii, April, 1879. D2

Ii4 GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRM#IDA

It is very abundant at Swain’s Island in Western Poly-
nesia.

Young shells have a single, narrow, sub-median band, a
little darker than the ground color.

30. C. Isabella, L. Occurs in more or less abundance, under
stones in sheltered localities, and ranges all through Poly-
nesia. They vary considerably in the size of adults ; examples
now before me average from 11 to 40 mill. in length, and
vary in the ground color. One fine example in my possession
is tawny-buff yellow, with the interrupted dorsal lines nearly
obsolete. All are faintly marked with three transverse bands.

The animal is deep black, with a brown-black mantle,
which, instead of being garnished with the usual tentacular
processes, is simply roughened with fleshy granules. The
‘short siphon is also without the usual terminal fringe:

31. C. (Aricia) intermedia, Gray. This species, which is
frequently confounded with C. zedzculata, Martyn, is never-
theless quite distinct. It is more abundant at the Paumotu
and Society Islands than elsewhere. In Western Polynesia
we detected it at the Kingsmill and Caroline Islands, and
found a single specimen at Guam.

As compared with C. reticulata, they are always smaller,
the base whiter, teeth less numerous, and are destitute of
the large spot on the face of the shell, which is an essential
character in Martyn’s species. The young shells invariably
exhibit a single, wide, median transverse band, whilst C. re¢z-

- culata of the same age shows four narrow bands.

Usually found under coral on the outer reefs.

The animal has a tawny foot, shaded above with slate,
and the siphon and tentacles of the latter hue. Mantle

- brownish-slate garnished with small, conical, pale papillee.

32. C. (Luponia) lynx, L. This common species occurs in
shallow water inside the reefs, and, excepting the Marquesas,

J.C., ii. April, 1879

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDZ. T15

ranges all through Polynesia. They vary much in size and
color.

33. C. (Aricia) Mauritiana, L. This fine but common
cowry 1s more or less abundant at all the South Sea groups,
and more plentiful at the Marquesas than elsewhere. At
the Society Islands they are very rarely found. During two
years’ collecting in the Viti Group we obtained it in but one
locality, Lanthala Island, where we found a single colony of
about a dozen individuals of different ages under a huge block
of coral on the shore or fringing reef. We found it abun-
dant and very large at the Benin Islands, a small group
about midway between Guam and Japan.

34. C. (Aricia) moneta, L. Found in more or less profusion

in all parts of Polynesia, and delights in sandy-mud flats.
They vary much in size, shape, development of nodules, and
in color vary from white to the most intense saffron-yellow.
The sides, though usually more or less yellow, are sometimes
pure white. The young are creamy-white, with three narrow,
pale, fulvous, transverse bands.

Animal diluted white or creamy-white, the mantle ele-
gantly veined with deep black, and ornamented with numerous
simple and dendritic processes which are ringed with opaque-
white and tipped with lilac. The tentacles are veined with
black. Siphon with a terminal fringe, and the muzzle is
light buff-yellow.

35. C. (Luponia) mappa, L. Examples of this comparatively
rare species were collected at all the groups, except
the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands. During an unusually
low tide at the Viti Islands, we obtained two living examples
on live coral. ‘They inhabit deep water outside the reefs.

Paumotu specimens have a large purple-brown spot on
the left side of the aperture.

|
Y

116

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAHIDE.

36. ©. microdon, Gray. Not uncommon beneath dead coral

on the inner margins of reefs; more rare at the Viti and
Tonga Islands.

37. C. (Aricia) obvelata, Lam. According to our observations

this common species is confined to South-Eastern Polynesia.
The Society Islands, where they occur in the greatest pro-
fusion, may be considered the metropolis or specific centre of
the species. M. Crosse, in his ‘List of the New Caledonian
Cypreee,’ records it from that Island. Not having discovered
it in any part of Western Polynesia, I am inclined to believe
the New Caledonian specimens were imported from Tahiti.
Dr. Gould, in his ‘U.S. Expedition Shells,’ erroneously quotes
it from Samoa. It has also been recorded from Australia
and the Sandwich Islands, where it does not occur.

Middle aged shells can scarcely be distinguished from
C. annulus, except in being a little darker colored. They all
show a single faint transverse band.

Like C. moneta, they delight in sandy-mud flats, and are
frequently found under coral on the inner margins of reefs.

38. C. (Luponia) poraria, L. We obtained a few examples

of this species at all the groups except the Marquesas.
Living specimens were found lurking beneath dead coral on
the outer reefs.

Young shells are uniform bluish-violet, with a brown apex.

The animal is vermilion-red, with a greenish-gray mantle,
which latter is garnished with small, crowded, tentacular ap-.
pendages, varied with white and green. Siphon fringed.
Upper surface of the foot dotted with greenish-gray.

39. C. (Luponia) propinqua, Garr.

After a long hesitation, I have ventured to separate and
record this not uncommon shell as distinct from C. carneola,
with which, as near as I can ascertain, it has hitherto been
confounded.

j.C., 1., April, 1879

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. 117

In accordance with the late revision of the genus, they
belong to different genera or sections of Cy~7@a, C. carneola
being a typical form, while the shell under consideration,
from its ovate ventricose shape, is a true Laponza.

The coloration in every respect resembles C. carneola ;
but they differ much in size, the latter species attaining more
than twice the length of our species. They also differ in the
number of teeth; C. carneola having from 38 to 45 in the
outer lip, and we count trom 25 to 30 in C. propingua.

It has the form of C. avenosa, and the dorsal color and
fasciation is quite similar in the two species. The sides,
base and teeth are colored the same as C. carneola. It is
laterally more thickened, and is a more solid shell than the
latter. The following measurements are taken from the
largest specimen in my possession :—

Length 36, diam. 24, height 19 mill.

Found on the outer reefs at the Paumotu and Society
Islands.

40. C. (Luponia) punctata, L. This small but pretty species
is not very abundant. We obtained a few examples at all
the groups south of the equator. They were found under
dead coral on the outer reefs. '

The animal is light orange-red, the mantle deeper
colored and profusely sprinkled with white dots; also furnished
with pale, dendritic processes. The upper surface of the foot
exhibits a few yellowish mottlings. Siphon with a terminal
fringe.

41. C. quadrimaculata, Gray. Three specimens found on the —

Alo tas

fringing reefs at the Viti Islands. Ahir Naver, Naw tad

42. C. (Aricia) reticulata, Martyn. Common, beneath masses -
of dead coral on the outer reefs, and is distributed all
through Eastern Polynesia. It also occurs at the Kingsmill
Islands.

118 GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

44.

45.

46.

Adult shells vary considerably in size, and some are
decorated with the peculiar letter-like markings which char-
acterise C. Arabica. The polygonal macule are constant,
also the large diffuse spot on the left side of the aperture.
Young specimens exhibit four transverse bands.

This species is quite distinct from C. Arabica, with which
it is sometimes confounded.

The animal has a snuff-brown mantle, which is nearly
colorless on the margins, and furnished with small, subulate,
tentacular processes of a pale grey color. Upper surface of
the foot purple-black, delicately mottled with a lighter shade;
creeping disk pale grey. Muzzle and tentacles purple-black, —
the latter with a basal white spot.

. C. rhinoceros, Souv.2 We found several more or less

perfect examples on sandy flats at the Viti and Samoa Islands.
The specific characters agree very closely with the descrip-
tion and figure of Souverbie’s species, which was obtained at
New Caledonia.

C. scurra, Chem. Common at the Paumotus, and somewhat
rare at all the other groups. Living specimens occurred
under large blocks of dead coral on the outer reefs.

The young shell is marked with four rather faint, light-
brown bands on a bluish-grey ground.

Animal olivaceous-brown, with a pale locomotive disk.
Mantle with small, rather remote, elongate, conical papille.
Siphon with a terminal fringe.

C. stolida, L. This fine species seems to be somewhat |
rare, only occurring to our notice at the Viti and Samoa
Islands, where we found several dead but very perfect shells
on sandy-mud flats.

C. (Luponia) semiplota, Mighels. We obtained a few
examples of this species at the Sandwich Islands, where it is
peculiar.

J.C., ii.. April, 1879

47.

49.

50.

sit,

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. I19g

It is, by some authors, supposed to be a mere variety of
Trivia staphylea. Judging from the few specimens before
me, I do not hesitate to pronounce it a distinct species. It
is perfectly smooth, of a tawny-brown color, profusely dotted
with white. The teeth, about 20 on the outer lip, are pale
yellowish-white, and margined with hair-like, buff-yellow lines.
The canal at either extremity is also buff-yellow. The teeth
on the middle portion of the columellar lip are very short,
leaving a large smooth space on that portion of the-shell.

Trivia staphylea is studded with raised white dots, and
the teeth extend quite across the face of the shell.

C. (Aricia) sulcidentata, Gray. This rare species seems
to be confined to the Sandwich Islands, where we found
beach specimens. |

. G. tabescens, Sol. This rather scarce cowry was found at

all the Eastern Polynesian groups. We obtained living ex-
amples on the outer reefs, lurking under stones and concealed
among sea-weeds.

Animal vermilion-red, with a pale creeping disk. Siphon
dotted with whitish and fringed at the end. The mantle is
ornamented with dark red spots, white dots, and studded
with dendritic processes.

C. talpa, L. Common at the Paumotus, but more or less
rare at the other groups. It inhabits deep water outside the
reefs.

C. testudinaria, L. This fine large species, which is
rarely found, lives in deep water outside the reefs. They
occur at all the islands in Western Polynesia, and range east
as far as the Society Islands. ‘The animal of this and the
preceding species are unknown to me.

©. teres, Gmel. Also a rare species, and obtained only at
the Paumotu and Society Islands, where they were found
washed up on the sands.

120 GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPREIDA.

52. ©. (Aricia) tessellata, Sowb. This, like C. su/cidentata,
is quite rare, and is found only at the Sandwich Islands.
We obtained beach specimens on the west coast of Hawaii
and on the north coast of Kauai. It is generally recorded from
New Zealand, but I very much doubt its occurrence there.

53. ©. (Luponia) tigris, L. This common and well-known
cowry occurs in more or less abundance inside the reefs at
all the groups.

‘They are very variable in size and color. The largest
examples, which were obtained at Cook’s Islands, measured
5 inches in length, whilst the smallest, found at the Carolines,
is only 22 inches in length. :

The animal has a creamy-yellow mantle, closely veined
longitudinally with deep brown, and marked with a few
diffuse spots of the same color. It is also furnished with
small, stout, tentacular processes of an amber-yellow color,
tipped with white; the processes are either cylindrical or
slightly compressed, and simple or bifid. Head, tentacles
and siphon grey. The upper surface of the foot is marbled
with black, deep brown, and fawn-yellow; creeping disk
purple-brown with darker veins.

54. C. unifasciata, Mighels. Rather rare; under dead coral
on the outer reefs. Obtained only at the Sandwich and
Society Islands. The late Mr. Pease considered it a variety
of C. fimbriata. The two species are certainly very closely
allied, and the color of the animals are quite similar.

Having now before me about a dozen perfect specimens

of each species, I note the following differences:—Mighels’
species is larger, the teeth coarser, less numerous, and the
ground color, which is of a more bluish tint, is marked with

a more or less broken, transverse, yellowish-brown band.

Both species have the terminal pink spots as well as the

profusion of small yellow dots.

J.C. ii., April, 1879

595

58.

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. 121

C. ursellus, Gmel. Somewhat rare, and inhabits all the
groups in Western Polynesia. Station, under dead coral on
the inner margins of the outer reefs.

. C. (Aricia) ventriculus, Lam. Obtained a few examples

at all the groups except the Marquesas. Young shells show
four transverse, reddish-brown bands on a livid ground.

. C. (Luponia) vitellus, L. Found in more or less abun-

dance in all parts of Polynesia, and are usually obtained
inside the reefs. The young are marked with four bands,
which become nearly or quite obsolete in the adult shell.

C. (Luponia) sp. This small species was obtained ina
dead but perfect condition on the outer beaches at the
Kingsmill Islands. We also received it from Swain’s Island.

It is shaped like C. Gaskotn7?, The ground color is
slightly darker than in that species, the base less white, the
teeth, about 20, are larger and have their external portions
dark brown. Sides with similar colored spots. Dorsal region
sprinkled with different sized white dots, some of which have
deep brown centres. Dorsal line nearly obsolete.

Length ro mill.

59. Cypreeovula Adamsonii, Gray. Rather common under

clumps of dead coral on the outer reefs at the Society Islands.
More rare and smaller at the Paumotus. In the former group
they occurred only in a single location on the east coast ot
Huahine.

All the examples have four irregular-shaped, yellowish-
brown dorsal spots, and a similar colored row along the
right side.

The animal is yellowish grey, frecked with rich saffron-
yellow. The elongate foot is thin, gradually tapering pos-
teriorly to an acutely rounded tip, and slightly auriculate in
front. The short siphon is without the terminal fringe.

122

60.

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA,

Tentacles elongate, subulate, annulated with saffron-yellow.
The mantle is garnished with large, closely-set, elongate,
conical processes, which are granulated and of a saffron-
yellow color.

Trivia (Epona) annulata, Gray. We obtained this ele-
gant species at all the groups, except the Caroline, Sandwich
and Marquesas Islands ; but rare everywhere, except at the
Paumotus and Kingsmills.

Never having found living specimens we suppose they

inhabit deep water outside the reefs.

61.

62.

63.

64.

T. Childreni, Gray. This species has the same extensive
range as the preceding, and is much more abundant at the
Paumotus than elsewhere. Lives in deep water outside the
reefs.

T. (Pustularia) consobrina, Garr. A rare species, which
we have ventured to separate from 7! staphylea. It differs
from the latter in having the base yellowish-white instead of
livid, and the teeth, which are more numerous, are margined
with yellowish-brown, hair-like lines. They extend quite
across the face of the shell, and are more or less bifid ;
supplementary ones may be observed between the primary
teeth, which more or less anastomose towards the outer mar-
gins of the shell. In every other respect the two species are
quite similar.

Length 22 mill.

Very rare; found dead but perfect at the Viti and Samoa
Islands.

T. corrugata, Pease. A few more or less perfect specimens
found washed up on sandy beaches, at the Paumotu and
Society Islands. ‘They are either uniform white or varied
with pink.

T. (Epona) cicercula, L. Found in more or less abund-

J.C. ii., April, 1879

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDZ. 123

ance at all the groups, except the Marquesas. In Eastern
Polynesia they seem to live in deep water outside the reefs ;
but at Samoa and the Viti Islands we obtained a few living
examples beneath dead coral on the outer reefs.

They are usually smooth, but some exhibit a more or
less granulate surface. A variety occurs in South-west
Polynesia, which is smaller, less globose, darker colored and
quite destitute of the four basal spots.

65. T. exigua, Gray. Rather rare; under dead coral on the
outer reefs, and found at all the groups except the Marquesas
and Caroline Islands.

66. 1. (Epona) globulus, L. Excepting the Marquesas, we
obtained a few examples at all the groups. It is probably a
denizen of deep water outside the reefs. The more or less
perfect empty shells are washed up on the reefs and beaches.

South Sea specimens are much smaller, smoother, and
lighter colored than East Indian examples. Dillwyn, under
the name of Cyfrga margarita, gives a good description of
the Polynesian variety, some of which are perfectly smooth,
pure white, and, as he remarks, “strikingly beaked at both
ends.”

67. T. insecta, Mighels. Obtained sparingly, washed up on
sandy beaches at all the Eastern groups except the Marquesas.
In Western Polynesia it occurred to our notice only at the
Caroline Islands.

62. T. (Pustularia) Jimacina, Lam. We obtained fine living
examples from beneath blocks of coral on the inner reefs at
Samoa and the Viti Islands; also a few beach specimens at
the Sandwich Group.

It is, by some authors, quoted as a variety of Z: staphy-
Jea ; but is certainly sufficiently distinct to rank as a separate
species. As compared with the latter it is larger, lighter

124

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

colored, the base more flattened, the raised dots less numerous
and more irregular in shape and size. ‘The teeth are coarser,
more yellowish, and do not extend across the face of the
shell as in Z? staphylea.

Our largest Viti example is 30 mill. in length, which is
nearly twice the size of our largest Z: staphyl@a. As near as
I can recollect, the animal is of a beautiful vermilion red
color.

The above two species, together with Z! consobrina, are
no doubt closely connected by intermediate forms, but I
have not sufficient material to trace them through all their
variations. Z7ivia globulus and cicercula are in the same
category; the two species gradually merging into each other.

69. T. (Epona) margarita, Sol. Rare; under dead coral on

the outer reefs at the Society and Paumotu Islands. It is
very abundant at Swain’s Island, whence we received several
hundred examples.

If Dillwyn has correctly determined and described
Solander’s Z: margarita, this most eertainly cannot be that
shell. As stated in my notes on Z: globulus, his short descrip-
tion accords exactly with the Polynesian type of the latter
species.

The following is a copy of Dillwyn’s description:—
“Shell half an inch long and two thirds as broad; nearly
globular, strikingly beaked at both ends, and white, without
any markings. The margin is only slightly thickened, and
the spire is distinctly umbilicated,so that it might perhaps be
placed with equal propriety next to C. wrsellus, in the
umbilicate division, though Born, Scroeter, and Gmelin have
confounded it with C. globulus.”

The species now under consideration is ovate, the ends
slightly produced, right margin thickened and the teeth
small. The color is creamy-white, rarely pale fawn, ivory

J.C., ii., April, 1879

GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRID#. 125

white beneath, and the ends with a slight brownish-yellow
tinge. The dorsal region is profusely maculated with small,
not conspicuous white spots of different sizes. It is more
like Luponia than Trivia.

70. T. (Pustularia) Madagascarensis, Gmel. Not uncom-
mon at the Sandwich Islands, where we found a number of
specimens washed up from deep water.

We have two fine examples now before us, one from
Starbuck, the other from Caroline Island, both small islands
situated between the Society Group and the Equator. It
has never to my knowledge been found in any other part of
Polynesia. The name AZadagascarensis is no doubt a mis-
nomer; its occurrence on the coasts of that island has never
been confirmed.

The two above-mentioned specimens are not so much
depressed, and are less dilated than Sandwich Island exam-
ples; excepting color they very closely resemble Z: zucleus.
They are of a pale tawny-flesh color, with the dorsal riblets
and tubercles beautifully margined and ringed with violet
lines, and the basal ridges with the usual fawn-yellow linea-
tions.

No doubt a large series of specimens of both species
will prove that they gradually merge into each other the same
as globulus and cicercula, and Limacina and staphylea.

71. T. (Pustularia) nucleus, L. Excepting the Marquesas,
we found this species not uncommon under dead coral on
the outer reefs at all the groups.

As stated in the remark in the preceding species it is
very Closely allied to Z! Madagascarensis. It never attains so
large a size, is more convex, narrower, the dorsal ribs and
granules more crowded, though similarly ornamented with
delicate, fawn-yellow lines.

126 GARRETT: CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA.

Halfgrown specimens are olive-grey or bluish-grey, with
raised white papille, without the intervening ridges ; base
and teeth white, the latter shorter than in adults.

72. 1. oryza, Lam. Has the same range and station as the
preceding species. The Polynesian shells, which are not un-
common, are smaller than East Indian examples.

The animal is light snuff-brown, frecked with diluted
white and creamy-yellow. The upper surface of the foot is
reticulately veined with the latter color. The siphon has a
terminal fringe.

73. T. (Pustularia) staphyleea, L. This species seems to
be somewhat scarce, and has the same range and station as
the two preceding.

The few examples before me differ slightly in shape and
convexity of the dorsal region. The color varies from livid
to brown, and all have the ends tinged with brownish-yellow.
The basal ridges are rather large, and extend across the face
of the shell.

The animal has a thin, elongate-oblong foot, acutely
rounded behind, slightly auriculate in front. Tentacles long
and slender, bearing the eyes on*small basal enlargements.
The short siphon is fringed. Mantle processes large, rather
crowded, tentaculiform, with a few dendritic ones intermixed.
The creeping disk is pale purple-brown, lighter in front, and
delicately veined with a darker shade. Siphon and the upper
surface of the foot blackish-brown, the mantle deep brown,
which, with the upper surface of the foot, is minutely dotted
with white.

74. T. spheerula, Mighels. A few examples gathered in beach-
sand at the Society, Paumotu, and Sandwich Islands.

Mr. Pease, in his ‘Synonymy of Marine Gasteropoda
inhabiting Polynesia,’referred this species to Gray’s Z: g/obosa,
and suggested that it will prove to be a variety of Z oryza.

J.C., ii., April, 1879

GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDA. 127

If so, Z: zzsecta will undoubtedly share the same fate, as
they all three seem to be connected by intermediate forms.
Examples of 7: corrugata now before me vary as much in
shape as the above three species.

75. Trivia sp. We found three examples of this species under
* coral on the outer reef on the east coast of Huahine, Society
Islands.

It is shaped like 7° exzgia, with a distinct dorsal groove,
hyaline-white, and the ribs are more compressed than in 7:
oryza. ‘The ends are more produced than in the latter
species.

The animal, which we have only imperfectly examined,

is diluted white, the mantle with a wide marginal band, con-
sisting of microscopical light-red dots.

The following species, not found by the writer, are recorded
from the South Sea Islands.

Cypreea (Luponia) polita, Roberts. Sandwich Islands.
Mr. Roberts’ description and figure accords so nearly. with the
shell which we have referred to C. semzf/ota, that I am inclined to
believe they are identical. He describes the teeth as being a
little darker than the ground color, whilst in our shells they are
pale fulvous, edged with darker lines.

Cc. (Luponia) Annee, Roberts. Sandwich Islands.

CG. (Luponia) spadix, Mighels. Sandwich Islands. Mr.
Pease considered this species, together with C. semzplota, to be
varieties of Zrivia staphylea.

CG. (Luponia) Humphreysii, Gray. Viti Islands. Dr.
Gould, in the ‘United States Exploring Expedition Shells,’ re-
marks that this species was found in the above group.

128 GARRETT : CATALOGUE OF CYPRAIDZ.

C. (Luponia) spurca, L. Upolu, Samoa Islands. So
recorded in ‘ Museum Godeffroy Catalog, iv.’ Probably an error
in identification, or the species was imported in the above
group. Dr. Graffe, who is supposed to have collected the speci-
mens, received to my knowledge some West Indian shells from
an officer of an English man-of-war which touched at Upolu,, at
the time that I was residing there. The above species may have
been obtained through the same source.

Trivia pellucidula, Gaskoin. South Pacific. This may
possibly be identical with our species No. 75.

T. (Pustularia) granulata, Pease. Central Pacific. This
is undoubtedly one of the intermediate forms which connect
Madagascarensis with nucleus, as mentioned in my remarks on
these species.

Judging from his description, his specimens may not have
been quite full-grown. I cannot understand how he could have
“examined living specimens from various parts of the Pacific,”
especially as his explorations never extended outside the Sand-
wich Islands. He probably referred to Zez/ect instead of living

specimens.

HELIX FUSCA (Montacu) NEAR REDCAR.
By C. ASHFORD.

Though not a rare shell, Helix fusca is still sufficiently local
to merit record as occurring in Wilton Wood, its favorite resort
being the leaves of the woodrush.

].C., it, April, 1879

GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA. 129

NOTES ON THE HABITS! AND” DISTRIBUTION, &c,
OF CERTAIN W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA.

lee Wo Sis (CANBIBOINIS, Avie.

Having lately visited most of the principal ports of the West
Indies, I have put together the following notes on the more
remarkable species collected, in the hope that, although containing
no new facts of scientific value, they may prove of interest as the
results of personal observation in the native haunts of the molluscs.

Glandina solidula, Pfr. Habana and Puerto Plata (San
Domingo).

Hyalina decolorata, Driiet. Georgetown (Demerara). Animal
a beautiful clear lemon-color; eggs large, oval, much more
compressed than those of Stezegyra, with a hard, greenish,
and almost transparent shell.

Guppya vacans, Guppy. Trinidad and Georgetown. Although
young are not rare, 1 never succeeded in finding the shell
considered by Mr. Guppy to be the adult form. A nearly
allied species occurs at Puerto Cabello and Tobago.

Helix subaquila, Sh. Puerto Plata and St. Thomas.

H. vortex, Pfr. Habana and St. Thomas. The Cuban molluscs
have the tentacles dark neutral or black; those collected at
St. Thomas have the same organs reddish. I am, how-
ever, unable to detect any difference in the shells. Animal
ovoviviparous. The shell is usually incrusted with dirt, as in
some other species of AZicrophysa.

H. paludosa, Pfr. Habana. One specimen is an albino variety.

H. Cubensis, Pfr. Habana. On acacias. The banded variety is
of less frequent occurrence than the pure white.

Bulimus distortus, Brug. Puerto Cabello (Venezuela). Eggs
oval, white, calcareous; 5 lines in length.

J.C, ii, May, 1879. E

130 GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA.

Orthalicus undatus, Brug. Spanish Main, from Puerto Cabello
to Cartagena; Vera Cruz; also Trinidad and Grenada,
Specimens collected on the mainland are considerably larger
than those from the islands. Puerto Cabello specimens have
an unusually thick epidermis.

Bulimulus sepulchralis, Poey. Habana. Many are hardly
distinguishable from specimens of B. ¢enuzsstmus, Feér., col-
lected at Trinidad.

B. exilis, Gm. St. Thomas, St. Lucia, and Barbadoes. Specimens
from the last island are invariably much broader and more
obese than the St. Thomas’ shells, while the St. Lucia
examples form a still more marked variety, being very slender
and altogether smaller than the others.

B. Knorri, Pfr. Puerto Cabello. On cacti only. A white
variety with orange colored apex and peristome is nearly
as common as the type.

Sireptaxis deformis, Fér. Georgetown, Puerto Cabello, Sab-
anilla, Cartagena, and Trinidad. Specimens from the three
last localities are barely half the size of the others.

Ennea bicolor, Hutton. St. Thomas and St. Lucia. This species
would appear to be spreading ; it is improbable that it was
introduced at more than one point originally, viz., Trinidad.
Specimens I have from Mauritius differ merely in being a
little shorter and more solid.

Cionella lamellata, M.&R. St. Lucia, Grenada, Tobago,
and Trinidad. At Puerto Cabello a closely allied species

occurs (C. Funckz, Pfr.), differing from C. /amellata in being
narrower and less tumid, more strongly striated, less trans-
parent, and with the columellar lamina more prominent.
The animal in both species 1s ovoviviparous, containing 6-8
young.

Spiraxis simplex, Guppy. Trinidad. Eggs large, calcareous,
white, like those of Stexogyra.

J.C., ii, May, 1879

GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA. 131

S. Dunkeri, Pfr. Puerto Plata. Ovoviviparous. I tried in vain
to tempt this animal with pieces of meat; a Glandina
solidula placed in the same tumbler greedily ate up the
meat.

Stenogyra micra, D’Orb. Puerto Plata, Barbadoes and smaller
Islands to Trinidad, Spanish Main. Animal carries the shell
semi-erect, instead of dragging it along as do other species
of Szexogyra ; the eggs, too, are different in shape, are pro-
portionately smaller and nearly transparent. Puerto Cabello
specimens are very strongly lamellate.

S. octona, Ch. Habana to St. Thomas, thence down Lesser
Antilles and all along the Spanish Main. Another species,
S. octonoides, D’Orb, has a similar distribution. I did not
find either at Vera Cruz. ‘S. ocfona is by far the most
common West Indian land shell, it varies considerably ac-
cording to locality. The animal contains eggs all the year
round, in fact it seems never without them; in some instances,
if not always, the young are hatched in the animal.

Cylindrella Trinitaria, Pfr. ‘Trinidad and Sabanilla (New
Grenada). Common in several places about Port-au-Spain; it
is rarelydecollated. I found specimens of awell marked variety
much more solid than the type, nearly twice the breadth,
and more spindle-shaped. At Sabanilla a slight variety is
abundant, intermediate between the last and typical shells, the
ribs, moreover, are lighter in color, making the shell unusually
handsome.

Pupa fallax, Say (— P. Parratana, D’Orb.) Habana, Puerto
Plata, Spanish Main. Cuban specimens differ more from
Cartagena shells than from the North American type.
Examples found at Curacao and Cartagena are broader,
thicker, and darker in color than those from Puerto Cabello
and the islands.

132 GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA.

P. pellucida, Pfr. Habana, Barbadoes, and Spanish Main.

Omalonyx felina, Guppy. Georgetown. This is a most interest-
ing mollusc. It lives among plants at the very edge of the
water, but is quickly drowned if placed in the latter, and
death is almost equally rapid when taken away from water.
In Mr. Guppy’s list (Q. 7. C., p. 109), it is mentioned as
peculiar to Trinidad.

Succinea Barbadensis, Guild. Barbadoes. Unlike most mem-
bers of the genus, this will bear considerable deprivation of
moisture; during the dry season, the animal ascends the
trunks of trees, attaches the mouth of the shell firmly to
the bark and then retires as far within the shell as possible.
A Vera Cruz species (? S. aurea, Lea) is equally able to with-
stand drought.

S. approximans, Shut. St. Lucia, Grenada, and Tobago. A

broader and more globose species.

Vaginulus Sloanii, Fé. Habana. Eggs are subglobose, 34-in.
or more in length, pellucid, with a membranous capsule;
they adhere to each other, forming a hemispherical mass
1 to 14 inch in diameter; a distinct rounded band of firm
and elastic mucus encircles the upper border, preserving

the shape of the mass. Eggs deposited in June.

Melampus coffeus, L. Habana, Puerto Plata and St. Thomas,
Demerara and Spanish Main. Cuban differ from Demeraran
shells in being less sharply angulate, in spire being more
raised, sides less flattened, and color lighter (? var. Gund-
lacht, Pfr.)

Limnea Cubensis, Pfr. Habana, in a roadside rill. JZ.
umbtlicata, Ads., is a synonym according to Poey. Adams
mentions occurrence of latter in Jamaica, Cuba, and
Massachusetts (Contr. to Conch. 1, 50). Binney assigns Z.
umbilicata to L. caperata. My Habana shells are quite
distinct from Z. caperata and have but a remote resemblance

J.C., it., May, 1379

GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA. 133

to Adams’ description and figure of ZL. wmdzclicata; on the
other hand they correspond exactly with the typical figure of
L. humilis, Say (N. Amer. I. and F. W. Shells, fig. 99, p. 63),
and with the description, except that they have 5 instead of
“nearly 6 whorls.” I have specimens of Z. Aumzlts from several
localities in the United States, but apparently none perfectly
typical—at least they do not agree with the figure quoted above,
and consequently differ from the Cuban mollusc. I see no
difficulty in considering Z. Cudbenszs a variety of L. truncatula,
Mull, of which Jeffreys says Z. Aumelis is a synonym and
L. umbilicata an allied species (Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1872,
p. 246).

Physa Sowerbyana?, D’Orb. (=? P. ventricosa, Guild.) Vera
Cruz, Habana, and St. Thomas. The Mexican shells are
a trifle smaller and lighter in color than those from St.
Thomas.

Planorbis Havanensis, Pfr. Georgetown. In Mr. Guppy’s
list of Trinidad shells, this is mentioned (under the name of
P. Tervertanus, D’Orb.) as occurring in that island and the
Antilles only.

Planorbis tumidus, Pfr. Jamaica and Vera Cruz. The shells
agree with description and figure of the above in L. & F. W.
Shells N. Amer., i, p. 105. C. B. Adams described the
Jamaica shells under the name of Planorbts affints.

Megalomastoma Antillarum, Sow. St. Thomas. This species
resembles Cyclophorus Wahlberg, Bens., a Natal shell, in
habits, preferring to hide itself among damp mould, under
dead leaves, in the darkest parts of woods. In _ both
species the epidermis is usually very thick, and readily
peels off when dry. Shells are however sometimes to be
found where the ground is somewhat bare and stony ; the
epidermis is then much thinner, smoother, and lighter in
color.

134 GIBBONS: ON W. INDIAN PULMONIFERA.

Chondropoma plicatulum, Pfr. Puerto Cabello. The animal
suspends itself by a very thin but strong silk-like filament,
+ to d-in. long, issuing from between the operculum and the
outer lip, two-thirds of the latter’s length from the suture. This
mode of suspension (which is similar in 7vdora megacheila,
P. & M.) is wholly different from that of the South African
Cyclostomas ; the latter attach their shells to branches by
means of a pellicle of dried mucus, very brittle and proceed-
ing from the edge of the columeliar lip.*

During almost every month of the year I have collected
specimens of various species of Chondropoma, and have
invariably found that shells with fully formed apertures bear
but a small proportion to those having it immature. This
is not the case with Zudora and Choanopoma, in which genera
it is rare to find a specimen with an imperfect mouth.

Helicina lirata, Ducl. Puerto Cabello and Vera Cruz.

H. substriata, Gray. Barbadoes. Lives on trees. A very pretty
species and variable, specimens being frequently chrome-
yellow, bluish, or dark red.

H. subfusca, Mke. St. Thomas, A variety in form occurs,
broader and more flattened. In color some are dark rich
reddish, others pale transparent greenish.

January 31, 1878.

* Since writing the above, Mr. Tye’s exhaustive paper on Molluscan
Threads has appeared in this journal (i, p. 401). Mr, Tye makes a slight
error in giving Cerithidea decollata, \.., as an instance of a mollusc suspending
itself by threads. Woodward’s figure at p. 209, Man. Mollusca, is C. ob¢zsa,
Lam. I have seen C. deco//ata at Natal covering the trunks of marsh trees to
such an extent that not an inch was unoccupied, but they were attached by a
trifle of brittle mucus passing from the lip to the tree in the same manner as
in brackish-water Zztiorine, and doubtless produced in the mode described
by Mr. Tye as being adopted: by elices.

The suspensory thread of C. flicatwlum is clearly a very different affair.
Its shape. length and flexibility, combined with the fact that it issues from be-
tween the lip and the operculum, indicate a totally distinct method of
manufacture.

pO ¢a———

J.C. i. May, 1878

GIBBONS: ON LAND SHELLS OF CURACAO. 125

NOTES ON SOME OF THE LAND SHELLS OF
CURACAO, W.L;

Wit DESCRIPTIONS OF WO) NEW SPwCihiS:
By J. S. GIBBONS, M.B.
Cionella Gloynii, sp. nov. (Pl. I, fig. 1).

Testa anguste subcylindrica, elongata, tenuis, subdiaphana, luteo-
cornea, striata; anfr. 9-10, planulati, quatuor supertores
crescentes, ullimus maximus, ali eguales: sutura angusta,
distincta ; apertura ovata, superne angusta, angulata, bast
rotundata: labium externum tenue vrotundafum: columella
lente callosa, arcuata, truncata, cum lamind tenud post medium.

Long. 13 mill., diam. 3 mill.

Shell subcylindrical, elongate, narrow, rather thin, semitrans-
parent, dull yellowish-horn color, closely and rather coarsely
striate by lines of growth; epidermis thin and distinct ; whorls
9-10, flattened, the first 4 gradually increasing—the body-whorl
rather the longest, the middle turns equal in size ; spire shortly
pointed ; suture narrow, well marked ; aperture ovate, rounded
in front, narrow and angulate behind, outer lip thin and direct,
gently curved, columella somewhat callous, arched with a sharper
curve, ending abruptly a little behind anterior end of aperture; a
thin lamina winds spirally down axis of shell, appearing in the
aperture as a low thin tooth, situated rather behind the middle of
the columella.

Animal pale grey, tentacles darker grey.

St. Ann’s. Under stones ; numerous.

136 GIBBONS: ON LAND SHELLS OF CURACAO.

Succinea gyrata, sp. nov.

Testa oblongo-ovata, pertenuts, pellucida, nitide-striata, cornea(?) ;
anfr. 4, angusti, convext, sptra elongata; apex acutus,; sutura
perobliqua, profunda,; apertura obliqua, elongato-ovata ; colu-
mella arcuata, leviter callosa.

Long. 12 mill., diam. 65 mill. ; apert. long. 7 mill., diam. gk mill.

Shell oblongo-ovate, very thin, pellucid, distinctly and some-
what irregularly striate by lines of growth, shining, horn color;
whorls 4, convex, narrow, spire elongate, twisted, apex acute;
suture very oblique, deep and broad; mouth elongato-ovate,
oblique ; pillar lip sharply curved, slightly callous. .

St. Ann’s, under stones. A very distinct form having an
unusually elongated spire with a very deep suture.

The above described species was obtained during a hasty
visit paid to St. Ann’s in the autumn of 1877. At the sametime
I obtained the following:—Stenogyra octonoides and Pupa fallax,
both of wide range in the W. Indies, Cyléndrella Ravenit and
Cistula Ravent, peculiar to the island, and four others that
require more detailed notice.

Bulimulus multilineatus, Say. I found the so-called type
(agreeing exactly with the top figure on plate 58, W. G. Binney’s
‘Terr. Moll.,’ vol. v.) at Santa Martha; at St. Ann’s a variety
occurred (? var. Svsa/enszs) differing in little but the absence of
the sutural band. A similar variety was found at Savanilla and
Carthagena, in each instance unaccompanied by type.

Strophia uva, L. Two forms, one hardly more than half the
length of the other. I found a half-grown specimen (dead) near
the beach at Santa Martha, most probably brought from Curagao.
In Woodward’s Manual, p. 531, Guadaloupe is erroneously given
as the home of this species—ithe mistake is repeated in Paetel’s
Catalogue.

Macroceramus inermis, Gundl. Appears to be the same

J.C,, ii, May, 1879

PETTERD : GUNDLACHIA IN TASMANIA, 137

as the Cuban shell; its occurrence here is very curious, but so
also is the presence of a Strophia—altogether the molluscan fauna
of Curacao is by no means of the character one might expect from
its geographical situation.

Tudora megacheila, P. & M. There is great variety in
this species. The majority of the shells are strongly and regularly
ridged spirally, but others are smooth (var. 6 Pfr.); in size many
are barely half that of the rest; the color varies from pure white to
yellowish, but is often pink, brown, blue or bluish-purple. The
operculum differs greatly from that of the jamaican TZudore,
approaching that of Cyclostomus.

April, 1879.

SS &S—-

DISCOVERY OF GUNDLACHIA IN TASMANIA.
By W. F. PETTERD.

Gundlachia Petterd?, Johnston ; Pro. Royal Soc. Tasmania.

On returning from a short collecting excursion to the Cataract
near Launceston, I was greatly surprised to find among my spoils
a remarkable looking shell. On bringing the lens to bear upon it
I at once saw it was something quite new for Tasmania, and at
first I thought it a malformed specimen of an Azncylus, but closer
examination proved it to be a species of Gumndlachia,a genus
hitherto unknown either in Tasmania or Australia, at least so far as
I am aware. In fact I am under the impression that G. ancyliformis
from Cuba is the only known species; if such is the case this
is indeed an interesting discovery. It is found on the stems of
water plants and decaying leaves in a small swamp near Laun-
ceston. It has been described in a paper to the Royal Soc. Tas.
by my friend Mr. Johnston.

0a

138 GIBBONS: NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAND
SHELLS, anp REMARKS ON OTHERS COLLECTED
ON THE EAST AFRICAN COAST.

By J. S. GIBBONS, M.B.

In the first volume of this journal eleven species of land and
fresh water molluscs, collected at Zanzibar and Mozambique, were
described as new by the editor.* I now add two more species
previously overlooked, and take advantage of this opportunity to
make a few remarks on other species already recorded from East
Africa, but about which further information may be useful. i may
mention that I paid but little attention to the land shells when
out there, otherwise there is no doubt a much larger number of
species would have been obtained. The intense heat makes shell-
collecting inland very unpleasant, and one naturally prefers the
water, where the air is cooler and shells obtained more readily and
in greater numbers.

Urocyclus flavescens, Keferstein.

Parmarion flavescens, Keferst. Malak. Blatt., 1866, p. 70
(fide W. G. Binney, MS.)

Body slender, tapering, keeled, tail sharply pointed—on
each side of dorsum a slight and rounded ridge runs from shield to
tail; surface longitudinally sulcate, color dark orange, keel and
lateral ridges light Jemon, the sulciand their anastomosing branches
dusky; head and neck semipellucid, latter slender; shield anterior,
elongate, very convex from side to side, thin and rounded in front,
bluntly rostrate behind, a large swelling of the posterior part indi-
cates the situation of the shell, the apex of which is sometimesvisible

—————————————__

A OLGA Cas) Tbs [Ba BHlig ASoy, Sys)

J.C., it., May, 1879

GIBBONS: NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. 139

through a small longitudinal slit situated on a slight eminence nearly
at the end of the pointed posterior part of the shield; surface rich
orange, thickly studded with small oval granules of a rich lemon
color; respiratory orifice large, three-fifths length of shield from
anterior end; tentacles long and slender, semitransparent, dusky-
orange color and with head, very beautifully granulate, granules
being small, regular and of a pearly appearance; a slight furrow
runs round body about 2 mills. above margin of foot; below this
the surface is uncovered by the usual integument, greyish, smooth
and secreting mucus very abundantly, at the tail this margin is
6 mill. in extent and bears a small, oval and longitudinal mucus
pore, above which the integument forms a slight peak.

Length 3 in.; when at rest, about 1} in.

Shell calcareous, unguiform, ovato-oblong, very thin and fragile,
above a little convex from side to side, below shallowly concave,
sides nearly parallel, anterior edge a little attenuated; behind, the
shell is squarish and bears a thickened prominent apex, which
overhangs the margin and is turned very slightly to the right;
color a very pale yellowish, apex nearly white; sculpture consists
of faint semicircular wrinkles, absent from apex; lower surface of
shell covered with a very thin membrane, which is produced
beyond the edge and forms a short border.

Length 74 mill, breadth 5 mill.

Var. pallida. Shield and body opaque white color, with
a faint yellowish tinge.

Occurs on bushes at Mozambique in considerable abundance;
the rich orange color of the mollusc contrasting very beautifully
with the dark green foliage to which it clings. ‘The variety is
found with the type and is also somewhat common.

U. Kirkii, Gray,* the species on which the genus is founded,
seems to be quite distinct. A nearly allied species occurs at

* Pro. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 250.

I40 GIBBONS: NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS.

Delagoa Bay and Port Natal, distinguished by its larger size,
paler color, and coarser granulations on shield.

The slit in the shield is capable of considerable enlargement;
sometimes a good deal of the spire is visible, usually the orifice
is so contracted that none of the shell can be seen. I once saw
milky mucus exude from the slit.

A comparison of this mollusc with the animal of any of the
S. E. African anine shews some interesting points of resem-
blance; in both there is a furrow running from head to above
mucus pore, below which the surface is smooth and mucus-
secreting; the pore is common to both, and the caudal spine of
Nanina is indicated in Uvocyclus by the peaked termination of
the integument behind; lastly, if we suppose the orifice in the
shield of Uvocyclus to be greatly enlarged, and the rudimentary
shell developed, we shall have an arrangement of the shield similar
to the collar of Vanzna-—viz., part investing the peristome of shell and
part covering dorsum of body. Hyal¢max is probably related to
Urocyclus, but judging from description® the closest ally is Hemp-
hillia, in fact they appear to agree in external generic characters,
except that the latter has the shell more exposed, or, in other
words, the slit in the mantle larger.

Limax, sp. indet.

A small brown Zzmax is of somewhat rare occurrence at
Zanzibar.

Onchidium, sp. indet.

I found specimens of the above on moss in ravines; Bawri
Island, Zanzibar Channel.

Vaginulus Natalensis, V. Rapp.? var.

Krauss, Stidafr. Moll., p. 72.

Body oblongo-elliptical, depressed, keeled longitudinally, sides
sloping from keel to margin and hardly convex, ends rounded,

* Terr, Air-Breathing Molluscs, N. Am., y., p. 246.

J.C., u., May, 1879

GIBBONS : NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. I4t

margin thin and plain; color jet black, with a line of irregular
dusky white spots along keel; tentacles 4, upper pair short, thick
‘and cylindrical, of a dark neutral color, lower pair shorter and
thicker, distinctly bifid at extremity, light greyish; foot one-third
breadth of body, moderately high; upper surface of body minutely
granulate, glossy.

‘Length about 2 in.

Young are not keeled and are of a light umber color, thickly
speckled and mottled with rich brown.

Occurs on the ground under stones, &c., at Mozambique. I
have compared this mollusc with living specimens of V. Vatal-
ensis collected at Delagoa Bay and Port Natal, and I think it is
merely a variety, the only important differences being the size and
color.

Ennea Taylori, sp. nov.

Testa elongata, anguste rimata, tenuis, subdiaphana, tndistincte
costata; epidermis pertenuts, polita; anfractus 8, planiusculd,
gradatim accrescentes, sutura valde plicata sejuncti; anfr.
ultimus penultimo vix major; apex obtustusculus; apertura
parva, ovato-quadrata, L. et D. equales (.8 mill.), antea late
rotundata ; peristoma tncrassata, leviter reflexa, labio externo in
media parte noduloso; columella alba, superne expansa; paries

aperture confuse uniplicatus.
Long. 5 mill. diam. 7.3 mill.

Shell narrowly rimate, elongate, slender, thin and subdia-
phanous, costate obscurely on whorls, very prominently across the
impressed suture; epidermis very thin, polished; whorls 8, rather
flattened, gradually increasing, the last but little larger than the
penult.; apex somewhat obtuse; aperture squarish, a little ovate,
broadly rounded in front; length and breadth equal; peristome in-
complete, thickened and everted, forming a sharp margin externally ;

IA2 GIBBONS : NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS,

outer lip nearly parallel with columella, a trifle inflexed behind,
thickened internally about the middle; columella flattened, white;
on wall of the aperture a slight callous tubercle arises near but not ,
from the inflexed termination of the outer lip.

Zanzibar. One specimen dead under a bush.

Allied to Znnea bicolor, Hutton, of the Mauritius.

I have the pleasure of naming this species after the Editor
of the Journal of Conchology.

Nanina Mozambicensis, Pfr.

Mozambique and Zanzibar. Speke and Grant collected it at
Uzaramo and the Victoria Nyanza,* and V. der Decker in the
Seychelles (var. albo-picta). At Mozambique it occurs on the
Mainland on the stalks of a species of Carex; on the Island of
Mozambique it is now extinct. The dead shells shew it to have
been a variety larger and more solid than the type, and with a
more elevated spire. At Zanzibar it is to be found on the coral
islet Chapani, on grass, the baobab tree, &c.; all the specimens
I noticed belong to a very distinct variety—smaller, thinner and
more fragile than the type, of a pure milky-white color, and always
with a narrow band of brownish above the periphery; the whorls
also are more rounded and umbilicus almost obsolete. The
specimens from the interior appear to be larger than those of the
coast.

The animal has the body narrow, dorsum high, faintly
granulose longitudinally; sides concave; behind shell it is rather
broader, with an obtusely rounded tail bearing a triangular sinus,
surmounted by a thick and rather short, rounded spine; color is
a light yellowish, sometimes tinged with brown, darker on the
head, dorsum and tentacles, the latter being tipped with dark
brown, a streak of which runs down the ocular pair and along
either side of dorsum to shell ; caudal spine is also dark brown.

* Proc. Zool. Soc,. Mar. 8, 1864.

J.C. ii., May, 1879

GIBBONS ; NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. 143

Both in shell and animal VV. Mozambicensis approaches JV.
cotyledonis, Bens., of the Cape of Good Hope.

Achatina fulica, Fer.

Zanzibar. Very numerous and generally diffused, being the
only land shell that is so; it lives on hedges, bushes, trees, &c.
It has been introduced into Mauritius and Calcutta, and is
recorded from the Seychelles and Madagascar.

Achatina Rodatzi, Dunker.
Zanzibar. Occurs sparingly with the last, to which it is very
closely allied.
Achatina allisa, Reeve?’
Zanzibar. One dead and very ancient specimen in a cave
on a small islet between Bawri Island and Chapani.

Achatina reticulata, Pfr.

Lindi Bay, North of Cape Delgado. Dead only; the largest
was 8 in. in length.

Achatina panthera, Pfr.

Mozambique and Inhambane. It is common on the Island
of Mozambique, living on trees and in cavities of rocks shaded by
bush; on the Mainland individuals are much larger and more
solid. During the dryseason it takes refuge in holes in trees—I have
seen a dozen or more collected in one cavity—the aperture of the
shell is then closed byan opaque epiphragm (non-calcareous) having
a longitudinal slit down the middle. The eggs of this, as in all
the S. and E. African species, are small and numerous; one indi-
vidual deposited its eggs while in my possession—I counted 196—
they were oval, yellow, with a thin calcareous shell, length 6 mill.
The animal is omnivorous, eating meat, other snails (when dead),
vegetables and paper.

Achatina immaculata, Lam.
I have obtained this Delagoa Bay species from Inhambane.

Unlike the more northern species, it seems to live always on the
ground,

I44 GIBBONS : NEW EAST AFRICAN LAND SHELLS.

r

Buliminus Mozambicensis, Pfr.

Numerous on low shrubs and grass; Island of Mozambique.
At Zanzibar a variety occurs, rare and local. Eggs are ovato-
globular, white, with thin calcareous shell, length rather more
than 1 mill.

Buliminus punctatus, Anton.

Mozambique and Zanzibar. On shrubs and grass. My
specimens are more calcareous and paler than Ceylon shells, and
less tumid than the Brit. Mus. examples from Bundelkund, C.
India. On Chapani Island a variety occurs associated with
Nanina Mozambicensis, &c.; it is nearer the Indian form.

Stenogyra lucida, sp. nov.

Testa gracilis, diaphana, sublevis, nitida; anfr. 7, planiusculd,
gradatim accrescentes; ult. major et tumidior; apex obtustuscu-
lus; apertura ovato-elliptica; labr. arcuatum ; collumella parum
reflexd.

Long. 54 mill., diam. 2 mill.

Allied to S. delicata, but perfectly distinct, being much
smaller, with the whorls flatter and nearly smooth, and the
aperture less elongated.

Occurs on Bawri Island, Zanzibar.

I may here call attention to a peculiarity in the distribution
of the land shells among the coral islets near Zanzibar. My
researches were too limited to allow me to state authoritatively
that certain species are confined to one island and not found
elsewhere, but the results are sufficiently curious to deserve
notice. ‘There are several of these islets, but I only examined
two of them at all thoroughly. Bawri is the largest and is
situated about. 3 miles from Zanzibar; it possesses cocoa-nut palms —
and orange trees, but the greater part is covered with jungle.
The comparatively recent formation of this, as of the other islets,
is shewn by the successive layers above the present high water

J.C., ii., May, 1879

GIBBONS: ON NEW E, AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. 145

mark of subfossil shells which belong to species still living in
the surrounding seas. I obtained 5 land shells from Bawri; 3
species of Buliminus, all peculiar, but two having nearly allied
species at Zanzibar; S. /uccda, also peculiar, and a Pupa, which is
the only species I found common to Zanzibar. Chapani Island
is nearer Zanzibar and boasts of a small Baobab tree; here I
obtained Wanina Mozambicensis, var., B. punctatus, var., and the
following common to Zanzibar :—4. Mozamébicensis, var., LB.
tumidus and Cyclostomus Zanguebaricus. A third islet, visited
once, yielded A. al/zsa only.

Cyclostomus Zanguebaricus, Petit.

Mozambique and Zanzibar. At the former place it is common
on the trunks of trees, old walls, &c. At Zanzibar it is scarce
and local, and the shells are rather different, being larger and
more tumid, with a less distinct suture. Variation in color and
markings is sometimes considerable—specimens may be seen
almost pure white and without bands, others a deep golden color.
C. Zanguebaricus appears to bea favorite food of birds. Large
numbers of empty shells may often be seen round a stone, with
the last whorl broken open a short distance from the aperture.

Cyclostomus Kraussianus, Pfr.
I found this Natal species at Inhambane.

Cyclostomus calcareus, Sow.

Mozambique. Livingstone and Kirk found it up the Zambesi,
and on Lake Nyassa.* “Between 4° S. and 4° N, lat. ; locality
doubtful,” by Captain Speke}. On the Island of Mozambique it
is now extinct and specimens are only to be obtained in a sub-
fossil condition from a sandy formation at one end of the island.
There shells are very numerous, but I failed to obtain an oper-
culum.

* Proc. Zool. Soc., Feb. 28, 1865. + Ibid, 1864.
oe

J.C, ii., May, 1879. E2

146

BIBLIOGRAPHY. -

Sui ee

Conrad (T. A.)—Descriptions and illustrations of genera
of Shells [Fossiis.]|— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,
pp. 50 to 55 and 2 plates.

Treats of the fossil genera Cvassatella, Pleuroconcha, Plionema,

Scambula, Pteromeris, Vetericardta, Pleuromeris, Huloxa, Alveinus,

Parastarte, Latiarca, ldonearca, and Trigonoarca.

Tryon (George W., junr.)—Catalogue and Synonymy of
the Recent Species of the Family Lucinidee.—Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. July 16, 1872, pp. 82 to 96.

The author enumerates 57 species of Lucina, Brug., (sub-
genera Here, Gabb, Woodia, Desh., Cyclas, Klein., Codakia,
Scop., Miltha, H. & A. Ad.); 16 of AZyrtea, Turton, 1 of Philis,
Fischer, 22 of ZLorzpes, Poli, 16 of Cryptodon, Turton, 5 of
Gafrartum, Bolten, 2 of Ungulina, Daudin, 2 of Scacchia,
Philippi, 49 of AZsza, Leach (subgenus Fe/danza, Recluz., included)
and 3 species of unidentified Lucenzde.

Lewis (James, M.D.).—Shells of Herkimer and adjacent
counties in the State of New York.—Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. 1872 (pub. July 16) pp. 97 to 107.
One hundred and five species of land and freshwater shells
are enumerated.

Lewis (James, M.D.)—Shells of Tennessee (No. 2).—Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872 (pub. July 16) pp. 108 to 115.

Supplementary to a former list (Amer. Jour. Conch.) Fifty-
seven species are given. The ranges of many are indicated by
numbers referring to a table of localities.

J.C. ii, May, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1872. 147

Tryon (George W., junr.)—Catalogue of the Family
Chamidee.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 116 to
120.
One genus (Chama) of 56 species. The subgenus A7cnedlla,
Schumacher, is not allowed to have systematic value.

Tryon (George W., junr.)—Catalogue of the Family
Chameirachegidee.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,
pp. 120 and 121.

Six species; two genera, Chametrachea, Klein., and “ippopus,
Meuschen.

Tryon (George W., jun.)\—Descriptions of new species of
marine bivalve mollusca.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.
HO 72s pa sorandy, plates Vien Mes. 0,2) 3.
The new species are Cvassatella Adeline, Hab. unkn.; Lucina
(Codaria) distinguenda, Gulf of California; and Circe (Crista)
bidivaricata, Red Sea.

Bland (Thomas) and Binney (W. G.).—Notes on Lingual
Dentition of certain species of North American
Land Shells.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 135

to 137.
Five Zonites, 4 Patula, 5 Helix, 1 Pallifera have their lingual
membranes noticed.

Cooper (J.G, M.D.)—On New Californian Pulmonata,
etc.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 143 to 154, and
plate 11.

The new species are Alexia setifer, Limax (Amalia) Hewstont,

L. (Zulimax) campestris, Binney, var. occidentalis, Artolimax Calt-

Jornicus, A. niger, Arion? Andersonii, Lystnoe diabloensts, Asst-

minea Californica, and Cecum Smithit (= C. Coopert, Smith).

Lea (Isaac)—Descriptions of 20 snecies of Unionidee
from the United States.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,
pp. 155 to 163.

148 - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1872.

Conrad (T. A.)—Descriptions of a New Recent Species of
Glycimeris, from Beaufort, North Carolina, and of
Miocene Shells of North Carolina.—Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 216.and 217, and plate vii.

G. bitruncata, Donax tdoneus, Ostranomia Carolinensis.

Tryon (Geo. W., junr.)—Catalogue and Synonymy of the
Family Galeommide.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,
Dp 222) tow226.
Twelve species of Galeomma, Turt.; 1 Libratula, Pease; 1
Thyreopsis, H. Ad., and 53 Scéntzila, Desh.

Tryon (Geo. W., junr.)—Catalogue and Synonymy of the
Family Leptonidee.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,
pp. 227 to 220.

Nineteen species of Zepfon, Turton, and 7 Zel/imya, Brown.

Tryon (Geo. W., junr.)—Catalogue and Synonymy of the
Family Laseidee.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp.
229 to 234.
Nine species of Zasea, Leach; 1 Zhecodonta, A. Ad.; 34
Kellia, Turton; 1 Cycladella, Carp.; 13 Pythina, Hinds; 12 Monta-
cuta, Turton, and 2 Cyamzum, Phil.

Tryon (Geo. W., jun.)—Catalogue and Synonymy of the

Family Astartidee.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872,

pp. 245 to 258.

Eighteen species of Astarte, J. Sow. (and its subgenera
Gonilia, Stoliczka, and Goodallia, Turton), 12 of Gouldia, C. B.
Ad.; 1 of Adzodon, Carp.; 38 of Crassatella, Lam.; 49 of Actino-
bolus, Klein; 3 of Cyclocardia, Conrad; 1 of Pleuromeris, Conrad;
24 of ALvtilicardia, Blainy., and 6 of Carditamera, Conrad.

Tryon (Geo. W., junr.)—Catalogue of the Family Solem-
yide.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, p. 258.

One genus, Solemya, H. & A. Ad., of six species.

J.C., ii, May, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1872. 149

Gabb (Wm. M.)—Notes on the Genus Polorthrus, Gabb.
—Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 259 to 262 &pl. viii.

Gabb (Wm. M.)—Notice of a Collection of Cretaceous
Fossils from Chihuahua, Mexico.—Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci, Philad. 1872, pp. 263 to 265, and plates 9, 10, 11.

Thirteen species named. ‘Two are described and figured—
Ammonites Guadalupe, Roem., and Lima Kimballi, Gabb, nov. sp.

Gabb (Wm. M.)—Description of some new genera of
mollusca.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1872, pp. 270 to
274 and plates.

Diagnoses published in advance of a more extended paper
on W. Indian mollusca in preparation. The new genera are
Planorbella’ (Limacinide), Metulella (Muricide), Glyphostoma
(Turride), .Ectracheliza (Buccinide), Plochelea (Olivide), Lopsis
(Eulimide), Orthaulax and Dolophanes (Stromaide), Acteonidea
(Acteonide), Cylichnella (Bullide), Bothrocorbula (Corbulide) and
Neeromya (Anatinide).

Byrnes (R. M.)—List of Land and Freshwater Shells
found in the vicinity of Cincinnati; also, the
Unionide of the Ohio River and its Northern
Tributaries within the State of Ohio.—Dec. 1872, 3 pp.

Two hundred species are given in this label list, of which
go are Unionide.

Journal de Conchyliclogie.—Index general et system-
atique des matieres conienues dans les vingt
premiers volumes du J. de C., publiés sous la direction
de MM. Crosse, Fischer, Bernardi, et Petit de la Saussaye,
1850—1872.—8vo., Paris, 1878, pp. 200.

After an introduction reviewing the progress of the various
departments of malacology since the foundation of the Journal, the
present editors give: first,a table of authors alphabetically arranged,
with the titles of their papers; and secondly an index of the
species of molluscs described or cited. To all possessors of the
series of volumes these indices will be of great service, and they

150 NELSON: ON PLANORBIS CORNEUS. —

will also furnish a useful bibliographical guide to malacologists
generally. The labour of compilation must have been enormous,
otherwise one would be tempted to wish that the index had been
much fuller. As it is, though there is a double reference to the
author’s names and to the names of the molluscs, there is no
reference to the titles of articles. With regard to the index of
molluscs it seems to us that MM. Crosse and Fischer would have
adopted a much better principle if they had given the references
to the specific instead of to the generic nares.

em

A VARIATION IN THE COLOR OF THE ANIMAL
OF PLANORLIS CORNETGS,

By WILLIAM NELSON.

During the summer of 1878 I visited a small cattle pond
situated near to Temple View, York Road, Leeds. At one end of
the pond is a dense growth of reeds, Llodea canadensis, Callitriche
verna and Lemna minor, and several freshwater algee; while the
other end of the pond is shallow and quite destitute of plant life.

Dredging among the plants I obtained specimens of a dwarf
form of Sphertum lacustre, also Pisidium pusillum and Planorbts
nautileus very plentifully. On proceeding to search the shallow end
of the pond I was surprised to see a number of Planorbis corneus,
many of them having the animal of a bright flesh or pink color,
the animals being mostly protruding from the shell and very con-
spicuous. This somewhat remarkable divergence from the normal
coloration of the animal was shared to some extent by the shell,
which was much thinner, more diaphanous than the type, and
suffused with a slight tinge of pink. Intermediate gradations of
color connected this singular variation with the normal form.
The phenomenon would appear merely to have been temporary,
as it was in vain this spring that I again searched the pond, not
being able to discover a single example of the species.

——$0——————

J.C., ii., May, 1879

151

Bi hse th OF ) A MARINE | INVER BBR AGE
BAUNAY OF THE GUEE OF) PARTAY AND (ITS
NEIGHBOURHOOD.

Part |.—Mollusca.
By R, J. LECHMERE GUPPY, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., etc.

(Extracted from the Proceedings of the Scientific Association of Trinidad,

December 1877, pp. 134 to 157.)

The following list is only proposed as an instalment of the subject.

It will be liable to large expansion, and doubtless to some revision.

I waited for years to be able to furnish a more complete and

perfect list; but I perceive that unless a beginning is made no

progress can be expected, and I prefer therefore to publish the

information I now possess, which can be added to from time to
time as opportunity may offer.

All the species enumerated have been collected by myself
either in the Gulf of Paria or on the coasts adjoining. Although
consisting, for the most part, of names only, yet this list represents
avery large amount of work, not only in collecting but in the
study and identification of the shells, and in assigning to them
their proper names, amid the heap of synonyms and inaccurate
determinations with which unfortunately the science of malacology
is burdened. My guide as to nomenclature has been chiefly
Krebs’ catalogue of the West Indian marine shells,—a work

published for private circulation only, but which is most valuable
“for its suggestions as to synonymy. I have, however, allowed
myself considerable liberty in the fusion of specific names allowed
to stand in Krebs’ list; for the author of that work, while
condemning the ‘‘sickly passion” which possesses some naturalists
for describing so-called new species, still allowed too many doubtful
appellations to crowd his pages,

152 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

As regards the references to figures, I have generally selected
such as portray the species fairly, and where possible I have
chosen those most easily accessible to students; only citing the
more expensive and larger works on conchology where the ordinary
manuals failed me.

In the synonymy the names quoted may not, in all cases,
have been originally intended for the species under which they
here stand, but may have been incorrectly applied by some author.
Owing to the close resemblance of some species of the eastern
hemisphere to western ones, it has often happened that one name
has been used for two distinct shells; and I am not sure that we
have yet in all cases avoided the errors traceable to this source of
confusion.

The principle on which the authorities are cited is that the
specific names are assigned to the author who first described the
species, and to the one who first adopted a particular collocation
of generic and specific names. ‘This principal has been generally
acted up to by conchologists; but it is to be regretted that many
writers on natural science have followed a different course, thereby
introducing unnecessary disorder into nomenclature. The want
of a definite enunciation of the rule may be somewhat to blame
for this: I propose the following—“ The author’s name appended
to a specific name is to be regarded as the authority for the
specific name oz/y.”

The classification I have adopted is that I have used in my
own cabinet. It is in the main based upon that of Woodward,
by far the best ever published. Some of my innovations may
seem hazardous, but I have never departed from my model
without the most substantial reasons. JI have long had in
preparation a paper on this subject, but have not yet found the
leisure to complete it. I can hardly say anything too strong
against the systems devised by various conchological writers, as
they seem to be founded on the most arbitrary and artificial

J.C., ii., May, 1879

GUPPY: MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 153

characters. I have, in a few instances, renamed the orders, not
being able to find any satisfactory terms in use; but wherever I
have done so I have derived the ordinal name from the most
characteristic genus of the order.

Sub-kingdom MOLLUSCA.
CLass CEPHALOPODA.
Order OCTOPODA.
Octopus Cuvier.
r. O. americanus Orb.
O. vulgaris, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, vol: i., p. 11, pl. 1, f. 1.
Order DECAPOD.\.
Loxico Lamarck 1799.
2, L. plei Blainv. D’Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 42.

SEPIOTEUTHIS Férussac 1825.
. S. sepioidea Blainv. Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i., p. 34.

Oo

SPIRULA Lamarck 1799.
4. Sp. fragilis Lam.

Sib-class SOLENOCONCHIA.

DENTALIUM Linné 1740.
5. D. disparile Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 202, pl. xxv.,
f, 14-17.
‘Crass GASTROPODA.
Order TECTIBRANCHIATA,

Notarcuus Cuvier 1817.
6. N. laciniatus Riippell. Gray, Fig. Moll. pl. clii, £ 1.

; ACLESIA Rang 1828.
7. Acl. sp. indet.
Apiysia Linné 1767.

8. Apl. nigra Orb., Voy. Amer., Mer., p. 209, pl. xvili., f£ 1, 2.

9. Apl. sp. indet.

154 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA,

Buta Klein 1753.
10, B. striata Brug. Chenu, Man. Conch.,, vol. i, f 2939-41.
B. maculosa Mart.
B. media Phil.
B, umbilicata Bolt.

Order HOLOSTOMATA.

(Sub-order Pyramidellina.)

TURBONILLA Risso 1826.
11. T. turris Orb. Chenu., Man. Conch., vol. i, f. 1287,
Chemnitzia turris Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i., p. 219, pl. xvi.
f. IO-13.
A pulchella ‘Orb: ) 1%essp: 220, spl. avis h a4 Sere
ornata Orb, l. c., p. 221, pl. xvi. f. 18-21.
* modesta Orb. 1. c., p. 222, pl. xvi, f. 22-24,

3

(Sub-order Naticina.)

Natica Adamson 1757.
12, N. marocana Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Nerita, 14.
N. marochiensis (?) Lam.
13. N. canrena Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Nerita, 1.
N. alapapilionis, Chemn. Chenu, Conch., vol. i, f. 1163.

Order CALYPTREACEA.
CREPIDULA Lamarck 1799.
14. Cr. aculeata Chemn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. 1,

f. 2355-56.
D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., p. 464, pl. lvi., f. 4, 5.

15. Cr. porcellana, Lam. Cuvier, Regne An., pl. xlvil., f 5.
Cr. protea, Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i1., p. 192, pl. xxiv., f. 30-33.

CALYPTREA Lamarck 1799.

16. ©. auriculata Chemn. Reeve, C. I., Crucibulum, 15.
C. cuyieri Desh. in Cuy. Regne An., pl. xlviii, f. 4.

J.C., ii., May, 1879

17

20.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 155

Trocuita Schumacher, 1817.
. Tr. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. 11, p. rgo, pl. xxiv.,
f, 28, 29.
Order Dococuossa.
PATELLA Linné 1752.

P, elegans Phil.
P. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, pl. xxv., f 1-3.

Tectura fascicularis Menke.
Order CHITONACEA.

Cuiton Linné.
Ch. rugosus Gray, Reeve, C. I. Chiton, 115.
Ch. squalidus Adams.
Ch. guildingi Reeve.
Ch. segmentatus Reeve.
Cheetopleura janeirensis Gray.
Ch. apparata = rufocostata.

. Ch. caribeorum Carpenter.

22. Ch. marmoratus Gmelin.

24

i)

5

Order CERITHIACEA.
TURRITELLA Lamarck 1799.
T. imbricata Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll., pl. ix., f. 1.
Hanley, Ips. Linn. Conch., p. 344, pl. ili., f 2 (pale var.)
CERITHIOPSIS Forbes.
. C. punctatum Linn. (not Brug. nor Lam.)
C. emersoni Adams.
C. subulatum Montf.
CERITHIUM Bruguitre 1789.

. GC. gibberulum Adams.
? C. columellare Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 155, pl. xxiii,

f. 13—15.

156 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA,

26. C. caudatum Sow.

LiTorRINA Férussac 1821.
27. L. nodulosa Gmel. Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 205, pl xiv.,
f. 1i—14.
L. dilatata, l. c., p. 207, pl. xiv., f 20—23.
L, tuberculata 1. c., p. 206, pl. xiv., f. 15109.
28. L. flava King. D’Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer., p. 391, pl. hii,
f, I—2.
L. irrorata var. Petit.
29. L. ziczac Chemn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i., f: 2107.
L, lineata Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. 1., p. 208, pl. xiv., f. 24-27.
30. L. columellaris Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i, p. 213, pl. xv.,
f, 18—20.

31. L. tigrina Orb. 1. c., vol. i, p. 211, pl. xv., f g—11.

32. L. angulifera Lam. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i, fi 2093.
L. scabra Orb. (as of Linn.) Moll. Cuba, vol. 1, p. 212,
pl. xv., f. 15—17.
Moputwus Gray 1840.
33. M. lenticularis Chemn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i,

£ 2122.

34. M. unidens Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Trochus, 71.
Trochus perlatus Wood.
Monodonta carchedonius Lam.

SoLARiuM Lamarck 1799.
35. S. tesselatum Desh. Wood, Ind. Test., pl. xxix., fi 56.
Order VOLUTACEA.

VotutTa Linné.
36. V. musica Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll, pl. vii, f 9.

MARGINELLA Lamarck 1799.
37. M. ccerulescens Lam. Wood, Ind. Test., Voluta, 68.

].C., ii. May, 1879

43.

44.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 157

M. subccerulea Mart.
Voluta prunum Gmel.

. M. marginata Born.
M. bivaricosa Lam. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. 1., f. 1057-8.
. M. interrupta Lam.

Cypr#A Linné.

. C. exanthema Linn. Chenu., Man. Conch., vol. i, f. 1675.

Order CONACEA.

Conus Linné.

. C. testudinarius Mart.

PLEUROTOMA Lamarck 1799.
. Pl. antillarum, Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 173, pl. xxiv.,
f. 1—3.
Order FUSACEA.
(Sub-order Muricina.)

Murex Linné.
M. pomiformis Mart.
M. asperrimus Orb.

M. cornucervi Mart.
M. brevifrons Lam.
M. calcitrapa Lam.
M. purpuratus Reeve.

M. elongatus Lam.
. similis Sow.
. nuceus Morch.

. messorius Sow.

= = 555

. alveatus Kiener.
Lampusia Schumacher 1817. (Triton auctt.)

. L.antillarum Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 161, pl. xxiil.,f 20.
L. tuberosum Reeve.

158 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

50, L. succincta Lam.
Triton americanum Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 163,
Dy Seaw gis ae,
51. L. martiniana Orb.
Murex pileare (Linn.) auctt.
RaNneELLA Lamarck.
52. R. cubaniana Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 165, pl. xxiii,
f. 24.
Persona Montfort 1810.
53. P. reticularis Linn.
(Sub-order Husina.)
TURBINELLUS Lamarck 1799.
54. T.nassa Gmel. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i., f. 913.
T. cingulifera Lam. Kiener, Cog. Viv. Turbinellus, 23.
T. rudis Reeve.
T. brasilianus Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer., p. 449, pl. Ixxvii.,
fe 1.
T. knorri1 Desh. Wood, Ind. Test. Murex, r1o.
55. T. infundibulum Gmelin. Wood, Ind. Test. Murex, 118.
T. gibbulus Gmel. |
T. filosus Lam. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i, f. go7.

FascioLaRia Lamarck 1799.
56. F. tulipa Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll., pl. v., fi 1.
PyRuLA Lamarck 1799.
57. P. melongena Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll, pl. v., f 7.

58. P. morio Linn. Kiener, Coq. Viv. Fusus, 46.
Fusus coronatus Lam.
Pusio Gray 1833.
59. P. articulatus Lamarck. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i,
1b G7.
Murex accinctus Born.

J.C., i, May, 1879

60.

61.
. Str. pugilis Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll, pl. iv., f£ 1.

G7.

68.

69.

70.

GUPPY: MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 159

Buccinum pennatum Martini.
A plumatum Gmel.
Purpura accincta Orb.
Fusus articulatus Kien. Coq. Viv. Fusus, 36.

(Sub-order Strombina.)

Stromsus Linné 1740.

Str. gigas Linn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. 1, f 1583.
Str. goliath Chemn., Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. 1, f 1581.

Str. gallus Linn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i, f 1588.

(Sub-order Buccinina.)

Cassis Lamarck 1799.

. C. testiculus Linn. Chenu, Man. Conch. vol. i., 1134.

Doxttum Lamarck 1801.

. D. pennatum Mart. (=D. perdix auctt.)

PurpurRA Bruguiére 1789.

. P. patulum Linn. Wood, Ind. Test., pl. xxil., f. 53.
. P. trapa Bolt.

P. deltoidea, Lam.

P. bicostalis Lam.
P. heemastoma Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 144.
P. undata Lam.
P. bicarinata Kien,
P. nodus Wood, Ind. Test. Murex, 48.
P, trinitatensis Guppy, Proc. S. A. Trin., vol. i, p. 366.
Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1875, p. 50.
P. gigantea Reeve.
Buccinum hemastoma Chemin.
Purpura consul Kien. (not Lam.)

160 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

71. P. plicata Mart.
P. galea Orb. (not Chemn.)

72. P. auriculata Lam.
Buccinum coromandelianum Lam.
Pollia tincta Conrad.

RicinuLaA Lamarck 1812.
73. R. turbinella Kien. Woodward, Man. Moll., pl. iv., f. 15.
R. nodulosa Adams.
R. carbonaria Adams.
R. ferruginosa Reeve.
74. R. lugubris Adams.
Pranaxis Lamarck 1822.
75. Pl. nucleus Lam. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. 1, f 2143.

NASSA Lamarck 1822.
76. N. antillarum Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 141, pl. xxxiii,
f. I—3.
CoLUMBELLA Lamarck 1799.
77. ©. mercatoria Linn. Woodward, Man. Moll. pl.vi., f. ro.
78. ©. laevigata Lam.
C. concinna Sow. Wood, Ind. Test., pl. xxi., f. 134.
Voluta ocellata Gmel.
79. ©. argus Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii, p. 138, pl xxxi., f. 34-37.
C. oscillatoria Sow.
@veribrania dwar
Ouiva Bruguitre 1789.
fo. O. reticularis Lam.
O. olivaceus Morch.
8x1. O. oryza Lam.
82. O. nitidula Dillw.
O. mutica Reeve.
O. monilifera Reeve.

J.C., 11., May, 1879

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.
88.

89.
90.
QI.

92.

93°

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA, 161

Order TROCHACEA.
(Sub-order Trochina.)
ASTRALIUM Link 1807.
Astr. rhodostomum Lam.
Trocuus Linné 1758.
Tr. byronianus Gray.
Tr. hotessierianus Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. i1,p. 59, pl. xviii,
f. I5—17-
Tr. canaliculatus Orb. 1. c., vol. iL, p. 60, pl. xvii, f. 18—-ro9.
Tr. excavatus Lam.
Tr. umbilicaris Chemn.

Turso Linné.
T.. tuber Linn.

(Sub-order Neritinina.)
Nerita Linné.
N. peleronta Linn. Wood, Ind. Test., pl. xxxvi., f. 46.

N. antillarum Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test. Nerita, 45.
N. praecognita Adams.

Neritina Lamarck 1809.
N. meleagris Lam.
N. viridis Linn. Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i, f: 2460.
N. microstoma Orb. Moll. Cuba, vol. ii., p. 47, pl. xvi,

i Bis
Order FISSURELLACEA.

FISSURELLA Lamarck 1801.
F. radiata Lam.
CrAss CONC@CHIFERA.
Order PHOLADACEA.
PHOoLAs Linné.

Ph. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxv., f. r8—19.

J.C, ui., June, 1879. Fl

162 GUPPY: MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

94. Ph. costata Linn. Chenu, vol. ii,, £ 1—3.
Martesia Leach 1847.

95. M. striata Linn. Chenu., vol. ii, f. 48—so.

Woodward Man., pl. xxiii, f. 21.

TeEREDO Linné.
96. T. norvegica Spengl. Woodward, Man., pl. xxiii, fi. 26.
GASTROCHEZNA Lamarck 1818.

97. G. hians Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Pholas, 11.

G. cuneiformis Spengl. Chenu, vol. ii, f 73.

Order ANATINACEA,

Turacia Leach 1824.
98. Thr. dissimilis Guppy, Proc.S. A. Trinidad, vol. i., p. 368.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1875, p. 52.
Thr. plicata Reeve (not Deshayes), C. I., Thracia, 7.
PERIPLOMA Schumacher 1818.
99. P. inequivalvis Schum.
Order SOLENACEA.
SoLEN Linné.
too. S. obliquus Spengl. Wood, Appendix, pl. xi., f. 17.
5. ambiguus Lam. Chenu, Man., vol. ii., f 86.
tor. §. niveus Hanley. Wood, Appendix, pl. xii., f. go.
SOLECURTUS Blainville 1824.
102. §. caribeus Lam.
S. gibbus Spengler.
S. guinensis Dillwyn.
Order MYACEA.
CorsuLa Bruguitre 1792.
103. ©, cubaniana Orb. Chenu, Man., vol. i., f. 137.
C, knoxiana Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 238.

J.C., ii., June, 1879

104

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 163

. ©. caribea Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvii., f s—8.
C. swiftiana Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 236.
C. kjoeriana Adams, l. c., p. 237.

Order NMACTRACEA.
Macrra Linné.

105. M. tumida Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Mactra, 8.

M. turgida Gmel. Chenu, Man., vol. 11, f 223—4.
M. guadelupensis Recluz.

106. M. pellucida Chemn.

M. ovalina Lam.
_M. fragilis Wood, Ind. Test. Mactra, 32.
M. brasiliana Lam. Wood, Appendix, pl. x., f. 60.

107. M. alata Spengl. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. Mactra, 7.
M. carinata Lam. Chenu, Man., vol. iL, f. 227—8.
Order LUCINACEA.
(Sub-order Donacina.)
IPHIGENIA Schumacher 1817.
108. I. braziliensis Lam. Woodward, pl. xxi, f. 20.
Donax Linné.
tog. D. denticulatus Linn. Woodward, pl. xxi, f. 19.
ro. D. striatus Linn. Wood, Appendix, pl. xiv., f. 32.
111. D. pulchellus Hanley. Wood, Appendix, p. xiv., f. 19.
D. powisianus Recluz.
AsApHis Modeer 1793.
112. A. deflorata Linn.
A. rugosa Lam. Chenu, Man., vol. i., f. 256.
(Sub-order Lucinina.)
SEMELE Schumacher 1817.
113. S. reticulata Linn. Woodward, pl. xxi, f. 11.

114

. S. decussata Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 81.
Amphidesma jayanum Adams,

164

115.

116.

Ly.

118.

I1g.

120.

E21.

GUPPY: MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

S. variegata Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 17.
5S. purpuraceus Gmel.
Ervitia Turton 1822.
E. nitens Turt. Woodward, pl. xxi. f. 18.
TELLINA Linné.
T. interrupta Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 4.
T. lister1 Bolten.
T. maculosa Lam.

T. punicea Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 47.
al angulosa Gmel. Wood, 1. c., Tellina, 64.
T. striata Chemn.
T. alternata Say.
Donax martinicensis Lam.
T. rufescens Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 37.
T. operculata Gmel.
T. gruneri Phil.
T. imterstriata Say.
T. inornata Adams.
T. fausta Dillwyn. Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 74.
T. remies Born (not Linn.)
T. levis Wood, Ind. Test. Tellina, 68.
. radiata Linn. Chenu, Man., vol. ii, f 272.
. sexradiata Lam. Wood, Appendix, pl. xi., f. 37.
. exilis Lam.
. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxv., f. 50—s2.

4444

TELLIDORA Morch (?)

. |. schrammi Recluz.

STRIGILLA Turton 1822.
Str. carnaria Linn. Woodward, pl. xxi., f. 6.
Str. flexuosa Say.
Tellina mirabilis Phil.

J.C., i. June, 1879

120.
130.

1 Bika

1312:

133)

134.

135.

136.

1A %7e
138.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 165

Lucina Bruguiére 1792.
L. pensylvanica Linn. Woodward, pl. xix. f. 6.
L. jamaicensis Spengler. Chenu, vol. ii, f 66.

L. pecten Lam.
L. costata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvii, f 40—42.
L. textilis Phil.
L. antillarum Reeve.
L. scabra Lam. Chenu, vol. ii, f 576.
Tellina imbricata Chemn.
L. scobinata Recluz.
L. muricata Orb. (not Chemn.)

L. muricata Chemnitz.
_L. scabra Reeve (not Lam.)

L. nasuta Conr.
L. imbricata Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 245.
L. obliqua Reeve (not Phil.)

“L. pectinata Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 245.
IL, joecuen Incas,
L. occidentalis Reeve.

L.semireticulata Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer., pl. Ixxxiv., f 7-9.
L. granulosa Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc, 1845.
L, quadrisulcata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvii, f 34—36.
L. serrata Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvii, f. 37—39.
L. divaricata Lam. (not Linn.) Chenu, vol. u., f 572.
L. americana Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 243.
L. chemnitzi Phil.
L. pilula Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 246.
DreLtoponta Brown 1831.

D. brasiliensis Phil. Chenu, Man., vol. u., f. 590.
D. candeana Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvi., f. 43-45.

139.

140.

141.

144.

145.

» Waly
LAT.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.
Luctnopsis Forbes 1848.
L. tenuis Recluz.
DosiniA Scopoli 1777.
D. philippii Orb. Moll. Cuba., vol. ii, p. 270.
Cytherea concentrica Iam. (not Born).
os patagonica Phil.
Orde ASTARTACEA.
CRASSINELLA Guppy 1875.
Cr. martinicensis Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvi., f. 21—23.
Crassatella guadelupensis Orb. l. c., pl. xxvi., f. 24—26.
Order VENERACEA.

Prerricota Lamarck 18or.

. P. typica Jonas. Mollusk. Beitr., pl. vii, f 3.
. P. gracilis Desh. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853.

CyTHEREA Lamarck 1809.

C. hebreea Lam. Wood, Appendix, pl. xii, f. 21.
C. rubiginosa Phil.
C. varians Hanley. Wood, Appendix, pl. xv., f. 33.
C. albida Gmel. Wood, Appendix, pl. xv., f 31.
C. affinis Gmel.
CAlceta, amt) (not ins)
C. convexa Say. Wood, Appendix, pl. x., f. 34.
C. dione Linn. Chenu. Man., vol. il, f 378—379.
[N.B.—Woodward’s figure (Man., pl. xx., f. 8) represents
C. lupinaria Lesson. | ,

TRIGONA Megerle 1811.

. Tr. trigonella Lam. * Wood, Appendis, pl. xiii, f. 18.
T40.

Tr. mactroides Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus, 33.

Cytherea corbicula Lam. Chenu, vol. i, f. 385—387.

j.C., it., June, 1879

GUPPY: MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. Oe

Venus Linné.

t50. V. flexuosa Linn. Chenu, vol. ii, f. 360.

V. macrodon Lam. Wood, Appendix, pl. ix, f. 7.

V. punctifera Gray.
151. V. paphia Linn. Woodward, pl. xx, fi 6.
152, V. cancellata Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus, 6.

V. cingenda Dillwyn.

V. dysera Orb. .
153. V. granulata Gmel. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus, 29.

V. violacea Gmelin.

V. marica Chemnitz.
154. V, pectorina Lam.

V. elegans Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl., pl. i, f 3.
155. V. eximia Phil.

? V. portesiana Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer., pl. Ixxxii, f 1, 2.
156. V. rugosa Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Venus, 13.

V. rigida Dillwyn. .

Order CARDIACEA.
Carpium Linné.
157. ©. muricatum Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Cardium, r4.
158. C. eburniferum Guppy. Proc. S. A. Trinidad, vol. 1,
p. 367. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1875, pl. vil., f. 3.
[N.B.—Like C. dsocardium, but having the vaulted scales
much stouter and more crowded. |

159. C. leucostomum Born.
C. elongatum Lam. Wood, Appendix, pl. xvil., f. 16.
C. subelongatum Sow.
C. marmoreum Lam.

160. C. oviputamen Reeve.

168

161.

162.

164.

165.
166.

167.

168.

170.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

C. citrinum Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Cardium, 22.
C. serratum Linn.
C. levigatum Lam.

C. haitense Sow. _ Geol. Journ., vol. vi. pl. x., f rz.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1875, p. 51.

CarpiTa Bruguiere 1789.

. C. pectunculus Brug. Chenu, vol. ii, f 655—656.

CHaMA Bruguiere 1789.
Ch. macrophylla Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Chama, 19.
Ch. imbricata Lam.
Ch. lazarus Lam. (not Linn.)
Ch. gryphoides Dillw. (not Linn.)
Ch. florida Lam.

Ch. ruderalis Lam.

Order MYTILACEA.
(Swb-order Myttlina.)
Pinna Linné.
P. ramulosa Reeve. C. I., Pinna, 52.
P. seminuda auctt. (as of Lam.)
P, rigida (Solander) Orb. Wood, Ind. Test. Pinna, 7.
P. nobilis Chemn. (not Linn.)
P. orbignyi Hanley, Reeve, C. J., Pinna, 40.
Myritus Linné.
M. americanus Favart.
M. modiolus Chemn. (not Linn.)
M. tulipa Lam. (part.)

. M. brasiliensis Chemn.

M. guianensis Lam.
M. semifusca Sow.

M. ligneus Reeve.
[This species spins a bag entirely covering the shell. It is

J.C., ii., June, 1879

HE

woe

173

174

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 169

extremely rare, and lives in 2 to 3 fms. water, on a
bottom of sandy mud. No locality is given by Reeve
for his shell. |

. M. exustus Linn. Orb. Moll. Cuba, pl. xxvii, f. 6, 7.
M. citrinus Chemn. Wood, Ind. Test. Arca, 15.
M. sulcata Lam.
M. domingensis Lam. Orb. Moll, Cuba, vol. 11, pl. xxvii,
1 By Op
M. exustus Lam.
CRENELLA Brown 1827.
. Cr. viator Orb. Voy. Amer. Mer., pl. Ixxxiv., f. 34—37.
LirHopomus Cuvier 1817.
. L. bipenniferus, Guppy. Proc. S. A. Trinidad, Dec. 1877,
Pp. 154—5.

Elongate, sub-cylindrical, nearly straight, smooth, thin, epi-
dermis yellowish-brown, generally incrusted with a blackish
deposit, running posteriorly into white pointed calcareous
rostriform appendages which cross each other, in different
specimens with the beak of either above or below. Umbones
round, terminal. Ventral edge scarcely curved. Dorsal
edge slightly angulate. Length 35-45, height 10, thickness
Tr mill.

This shell differs from Z. caudrgerius, its West African
analogue, in being more cylindrical; the umbones are
usually less prominent and more nearly terminal; the
dorsal edge has rarely so pronounced an angle. Burrows
in soft limestone and corals.

(Sub-order Pectinina.)

PERNA Bruguiére 1792.

175. P. obliqua Lam.

P. ephippium Sow. (not Linn.) Woodward, pl. xvi, f 2.
Ostrea alata Gmelin.

170

176.

07:

178.

170:

180,

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

P. chemnitziana Orb.
P. vulcella (b) Lamarck.
Concha semiaurita Chemnitz.

Perna bicolor Adams.

PEcrEN (Gualtier1) Bruguiere 1797.

P. nucleus Born. Wood, Ind. Test. Ostrea, 47.
P. turgidus Lam.

P. nodosus Linn. Chenu, vol. ii, f 922.

P. circularis (?) Sow. Thes. Conch., pl. xii., f 23.

Lima Bruguiere 1792.

L. scabra Born. Chenu, Man., vol. ii., f. 954, 955.

freaieg cetyl te

lm

. aspera Chemn.

. bullata Born.

. fragilis Lam.

. inflata Lam.

. glacialis Lam.

. pellucida Adams.

PruicatuLa Lamarck 18or.

181, Pl. cristata Lam. Woodward, pl. xvi., f 17.
Ostrea spondyloidea Meuschen.

Spondylus plicatus Chemn.

Pl. reniformis Lamarck.

(Sub-order Ostreina.)

OsTREA Linné.

182. QO. frons Linn. Wood, Ind. Test. Mytilus, 3.

OoOog oe ©

. parasitica Gmel. (part). Wood, Ind. Test., pl. x1., f. 71.
. radicum Chemn.

. arborea.Chemn.

. rubella Lam.

. limacella Lam. Chenu, Man., vol. i, f. 1005.

. erucella Lam.

J.C., ii., June, 1879

184.

GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA. 171

O. folium Reeve (not Linn.)
O. rhizophore Guilding.

Order ARCACEA.

Lepa Schumacher 1817.

. L. jamaicensis Orb. (var.) Chenu, vol. ii., f. gor—9o03.

Arca Linne.
A. umbonata Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Arca, 14.
A. yentricosa Lam.
A. mutabilis Reeve.
A. americana Orb. (not Gray). Moll. Cuba, pl. xxviii,
inolnaos

A. noz auctt. (not Linn.)

. A. occidentalis Phil.

A, navicularis Brug. Wood, Ind. Test. Arca, 5.

. A. listeri Phil.

A, fusca Brug.
A. granulata Meusch.

. A. incongrua Say. Wood, Appendix, pl. xviil., fi 44.

A. braziliana (?) Lam. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. Arca, 7.
A. inequiyalvis (?) Brug.

. A. adamsi Shuttl.

. A. americana Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. Arca, 1,

A. pexata (?) Say.

. A. centrota Guppy. Proc. 5. A. Trinidad, vol. i., p 368.

Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., Jan. 1875, pl. vil, fi 4.

. A. floridana Conrad (var.)
. A. auriculata Lam. Chenu, vol. ii., f. 865, 866.

. A. squamosa Lam. (not Gray).

A. donaciformis Reeve. Chenu, vol. i1., f. 863.
A. divaricata Sow.

172 GUPPY : MOLLUSCA OF GULF OF PARIA.

A. domingensis Lam.
A. angulata Meuschen.
PrecrtuncuLus Lamarck 18ot.

194. P. decussatus Linn.

P. pennaceus Lam.

P. undatus Lam.

P. angulatus Lam.

P. hirtus Phil.

pe ah hee

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

THE LATE C. R. THatcHer.—Our readers will regret to
learn of the recent decease of this well-known conchological
collector. Several months ago he started ona five years’ collecting
tour, and had made the most careful arrangements for deep-sea
and shallow dredging. Attacked suddenly by fever he died a
few days after reaching Shanghai. His loss is almost irreparable
and his abilities were great. To his indefatigability we owe the
discovery of the unique Zhatcheria mirabilis (Angas, P.Z.S.),
which will now be his most enduring memorial; also of De/phinu-
lopsis Lesourdi, described by Bryce Wrightin the French Journal de
Conchyliologie. Many other interesting forms are due to his labors.

wesw tak

THE FORMATION OF CONCHOLOGICAL LIBRARIES.—Such of
our readers as are engaged in the formation of a special library
will derive considerable assistance from the Book-Catalogues
poriodically published by Mr. Wm. Wesley of London, and
Messrs. R. Friedlander & Sohn of Berlin. These catalogues are
unrivalled in their comprehensiveness, and the one for British,
the other for continental literature, will be of great assistance:
The Berlin firm have also commenced the issue of a fortnightly
publication under the title of ‘Nature Novitates,’ which is intended
to give immediate information of the publication of scientific
memoirs of all kinds and in all languages.

—_ S842 5=-D

J.C., ii, June, 1879

173

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

To Si Te Ss

Dall (W. H.)—Catalogue of the Recent Species of the

class Brachiopoda.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873,

Pp: 177 tor2o4:

Synonymy and Distribution given for 6 species of Zerebratula
Auct., 8 Terebratulina D’Orb., 9 Waldhetmia King, 12 Terebratella
D’Orb., 2 Lagueus Dall, 3 Megerlia King, 11 MJagasella Dall,
4 Kraussina Dayv., 1 Bouchardia Dav. 3 Platidia Costa,
1 Megathyris D’Orb., 6 Curstella Gray, 2 Thecidium Defrance,
6 Rhynchonella Fischer, s.g. Hemithyris D’Orb.,1 Dimerella Zittel,
4 Crania Retzius, 8 Discina Lam. (subgenera Descina Dall,
Discinisca Dall) 11 Lingula Brug., and 6 G/ottidia Dall, besides
doubtful species, and several varieties.

Garrett (Andrew). — Descriptions of New Species of
Marine Shells inhabiting the South Sea Islands.—
noc. Acad, Nat. (Ser Ehilady rs7aee pps, 209) to) 22a, and
plates iL, 11.
hissoina supracostata (Viti), Fe. sculptilis (Viti), R. mllecostata

(Viti), &. oxyza (Viti), 2. horrida (Viti), R. scaba (Viti), R. costa-

togranosa (Viti), R. gracilis (Viti), &. debili’s (Viti), R. affinds

(Viti), 2. ¢erebra (Viti and Samoa), &. ¢urrita (Society), Vitrinella

pura (Viti), V. derecincta (Viti), V. sculptil’s (Viti), V. celata (Viti),

V. nodosa (Viti), Cheletropis crentlabris (Paumotus), ?Rrssoa’ vitrea

(Viti), 22. Zettorineformis (Viti), R. infrastricta (Viti), 2R. infra-

tincta (Viti), R. venusta (Viti), ?R. crystallina (Viti), ?R. hyalina

(Samoa, Viti, and Paumotus), &. ¢runcata (Viti), Volvaria (Vol-

varina) pygmea (Viti), Drillia vidualoides (Viti), D. papillosa

174 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1873.

(Viti), D. minutissima (Viti), D. pusilla (Viti, Cook’s & Paumotus),
Clathurella pulchella (Viti), C. dedalea (Viti), C. celata (Viti), C.
infrasulcata (Viti), C. obesa (Viti), C. semilineata (Samoa & Viti), C.
pinguts (Samoa and Viti), C. punctifera (Society, Samoa and Viti),
Cithara melanostoma (Viti), C. abbreviata (Paumotus), Odostomia
densecostata (Samoa and Viti), O. exiles (Viti), O. densestriata
(Viti), O. oryza (Viti), O. sulcata (Viti), O. amanda (Viti), O.
pulchra (Viti), O. crystallina (Viti), O. lutea (Viti), O. obelescus
(Viti), O. vitrea (Viti), O. unilineata (Viti), O. cuspidata (Viti),
Rissopsis typica (Viti and Samoa), Odeliscus hyalidus (Paumotus
and Society), WVassa anthracina (Viti), Daphnella fustformis (Pau-
- motus), D. millegrana (Paumotus), D. vi/rea (Paumotus), and
D. tessecéa (Paumotus).

Garrett (Andrew).— Description of a New €pecies of
Goniodoris.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873, p. 232, and
plate iv.

G. Tryonz, Society Islands.

Garrett (Andrew).—Descriptions of New Species of Land

Shells inhabiting the South Sea Islands.—Proc. Ac.

Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873, pp. 233 to 237.

Pupina Vitiensis (Viti), Helicina Gomeaensis (Gomea, Viti
group), Pitys Maupiensis (Maupiti, Society group), 2. Zanee
(Maupiti, Society group), P. sebrina (Rarotonga), P. untlamellata
(Rarotonga), Plecotrema turrita (Viti), P. consobrina (Viti), Pedifes
‘subglobosus (Viti), Nanina Kivaensts (Kiva I., Viti group), /Helex
(Trochomorpha) Mersianoides (Viti).

Bland (Thomas) and Binney (W. G.)—On the Lingual
Dentition and Jaw of certain Terrestrial Pulmonata
from the United States, with remarks on their
systematic value.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873,
pp. 240 to 256, and plate 1.

Notes on many species of the genera A/acrocyclis, Limax,

J-C., ii., June, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1873. 175

Zonites, Vitiina, Helix, Gly ptostoma (a new subgenus characterized
at p. 244) and Swccinea. ‘The paper also includes a list of the
species noted by the authors in various other publications, as
a summary of their observations and the conclusions arrived at
therefrom.

Hassler (Dr. F. A.)—-Tenacity of Life in Littorina muri-
cata.—Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873, p. 284.

The author in this note details experiments on 140 indl-

viduals from St. Domingo.

Stearns (Robert E. C.)—Descriptions of New Marine
Shells from the West Coast of Florida.—Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad. 1873, pp. 344 to 347 and 4 cuts.

These are Anachis semiplicata, A. acuta, Nitidella pilosa,
and Clathurella Jewett.

Lea (Isaac).—Description of Seven New Species of
Unionidz of the United States.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1873, pp. 422 and 423.

U. infulgens, U. subolivaceus, U. cirratus, U. subcylindraceus,

U. hastatus, U. corneus, and U. strumosus.

lea (Isaac).—Description of Three New Species of
Uniones of the United States.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Piola, Se, Ws Az I.

U. Dooleyensis, U. invenustus, and U. CGesnerit.

Sowerby (G. B., jun.)—Descriptions of Twelve New
Species of Shells.—P.Z.S., Nov. 4, 1873, pp. 718 to 722,
and plate lix., coloured.

The species are Cyclostoma balteatum (Madagascar), C. filo-
striatum (Madagascar), C. consanguineum (Madagascar), Zyphis
expansus (Hab. ?), Entrochus alternatus (Australia?), Zornatella

176 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1874.

alba (Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope), Pyramidella canal-
culata (Sandwich Islands?), Plewrotoma (Drillia) brunneomaculata
(California?), P. (D.) strigata (Hab.
(Hab. ?), Conus racemosus (Sandwich Islands), and Cancellaria
turrita (Hab. a

?), Cardium arcuatulum

ApS Af Ah.

Marrat (F. P.)—New Species of Shells [genus Nassa].—
Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1874, one-page reprint.
Three new JVass@ are described:—JV. elongata (China Seas),
lV. livata (Philippines) and JV. Zucida (Keelings Island). ‘The
paper also includes a series of notes on the synonymy of various
species.

Conrad (T. A.)—Remarks on the Tertiary Clay of the
Upper Amazon, with descriptions of New Shells.—
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1874, pp. 25 to 32, and plate 1.
The new species are Pachydon (Anisorhyncus?) dispar, P.

erectus, P. altus, P. cuneata, P. (A.) cunetformis, Dresseina (Mytt-

loides) scripta, Anodonta Pebasana, Triquetra longula, Ostomya
papyria, Planorbis Pebasana, Pachytoma tertiana, Toxosoma eborea,

Cirrobasts venusta, Liosoma curta, Cyclocheila Pebasana, Hemisinus

Steerer, and Lbora crassilabra.

Binney (W.G.)—On the Anatomy and Lingual Dentition
of Ariolimax and other Pulmonata.— Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philad. 1874, pp. 33 to 63, and plates 11. to x1.

An elaborate memoir, dealing with numerous species of the
genera Zonites, Hemphillia, Helix, Patula, Macrocyclis, Amphi-
bulima, Gonospira, Nanina, Glandina, Pupa, Strophia, Bulimulus,
(and s.g. Pachyotus) Succinea, Lithot’s and Evinna. ‘TYhe author

J.C. ii., June, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1874. 97)

concludes with a review of his work on this subject, to ascertain
whether reliance may safely be placed on these characters (den-
tition, &c.) as a basis for subgeneric distinction.

Chapman (Dr.)—Generative Apparatus of Tebenno-
phorus Carclinensis.—Short note in Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. 1874, pp. 79, 80.

Conrad (T.A.)—Description of Two New Fossil Shells
of the Upper Amazon.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.
1874, pp. 82, 83, and plate xi.

HHaplotherus capax and Hemtsinus tuberculiferus. Figures
are also given of Pachydon tenuis and another species of Pachydon.

Lewis (James, M.D.)—Description of a New Species of
Helix.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1874, pp. 118, 119,
and woodcut.

Felix (Mesodon) Lawii from North Carolina.

——

Lewis (James, M.D.)—On a New Variety of Helix.—Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1874, p. 162.
The variety is céacta of Helix (Stenotrema) monodon Racket,
from North Carolina.

Lacaze-Duthiers (H. de).—The Acoustic Nerve in
Dentalium.—Note sur le Nerf acoustique du Dentale.—
Avec, GS ZOO. lx, Gt Siar ik, jo, GO, Br, Peas, 1S7A,

Noticed by Dr. H. von Ihering in the Jahrbticher, April
1876, ll., 190.

-— > =2 + SS

J.C, ii, June, 1879. Re ce

178

PROGEDDINES OF THE CONCHOLOCICAL SO Clay
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

1878.

Meetings held at the Society's room, Leopold Square, Leeds.
Mr. William Nelson, President.
JEW MEMBERS ELECTED:
Mr. Otto Semper, Altona.
Mr. William Cash, F.G.S., Halifax.
Mr. W. Hill Evans, M.D., Bradford.
Mr. Bryce McMurdo Wright, F.R.G.S., London.
Mr. Alfred Leicester, Liverpool.
Mr. James Wm. Davis, F-S.A., F-.s., F.G.S., Halifax:
Prof. Finley M. Witter, Muscatine, Iowa.
Mr. E. T. Dowson, Geldeston, Beccles.
Mr. W. R. Jeffrey, Ratham, Chichester.
Mr. F. Hepburn, Sutton, Surrey.

Honorary Member.—Dr. W. Kobelt, Schwannheim-am-
Main, was elected the first of ten honorary members, in recognition
alike of services rendered to the Society and of his high scientific
attainments.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY
announced and thanks voted to the respective donors :—
Dr. Kobelt’s continuation of Rossmissler’s Iconographie, iv.
Band, Erste bis dritte Lieferung: r£78, 15 plates.
[The Author.
Illustrirtes Conchylienbuch, three parts. [Dr. W. Kobelt.

Yorkshire Geological Society’s Proceedings. [The Society,

J.C., ii. June, 1879

PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 179

Fauna d. Nassauischen Mollusken, 1871, by Dr. W. Kobelt.
(Mr. Robert Scharft
DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.
were announced as follows, and thanks voted to the respective
donors :—
Fifty-two species of Land and Freshwater Shells from Ger-
many, Viz. :—

Felix pomatia, L., Frankfort.

Hf, nemoralts, L., Frankfort.

Hi, hortensis, Mull., Frankfort.

H. arbustorum, L., Frankfort : Heidelberg, sub-fossil (tertiary
beds called loess).

Hf. fruticum, Miull., Frankfort: (banded), Karnthen.

H. lapicida, 1.., Taunus Mountains and Frankfort Woods.

Ff, ericetorum, Miull., near Maintz.

Hf. rotundata, Miull., Frankfort.

HT. strigella, Drap., ‘Heidelberg and Florsheim.

tals seialine, Mull., Taunus Mountains and He ee

ff, personata, Lam., Taunus Mountains and Heidelber

Hf. incarnata, Mull., Taunus Mountains and Me dlnoe.
sub-fossil (tertiary beds called loess).

Hf. rufescens, Pennant, Taunus Mountains.

HI, pulchella, Mull., Aliuvium of River Maine.

Hf. costata, Mull., Alluvium of River Maine.

Hf. candidula, Stud., Frankfort; Lower Miocene, Hoch-
heim.

FT. depilata.

Clausilia laminata, Mont., Taunus Mountains.

C. biplicata, Mont., var. alézda, Frankfort.

C. parvula, Stud., var. a/bida, ‘Taunus Mountains.

C. ventricosa, Drap , Frank fort Woods.

C. nigricans, Pult., Taunus ee

C. dubia, Drap., Frankfort Wood

Lupa frumentuin, Drap., Hoc nabs and in Alluvium.

P. muscorum, \., Alluvium of River Maine.

P. doliolum, Brug., ‘Taunus Mountains.

P. pygmea, Drap., Alluvium of River Maine.

P. minutissima, Hart., Alluvium of River Maine.

ffyalina nitidula, Drap., Frankfort.

180

PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND.

Flyalina nitida, Frankfort.
fi. crystallina, Miull., Frankfort.
Bulimus detritus, Mull., Hochheim.
.; as var. radiata, Maintz.
L. montanus, Drap., Taunus Mountains ; Frankfort Woods ;
Heidelberg, sub-fossil (loess).
B. obscurus, Mull., Taunus Mountains and Frankfort Woods.
Vitrina ?, Taunus Mountains.
Cronella lubrica, Miull., Frankfort Woods and Alluvium.
C. acicula, Mill., Alluvium.
Cyclostoma elegans, Drap., Odenwald, near Heidelberg.
Neritina fluviatilis (small form), Miill., River Nidda.
Physa hypnorum, L., Frankfort.
Succinea pitris, L., Frankfort.
Planorbis Rossmdsslert, Auerswald.
P. spirorbis, Mull., Frankfort.
P. nitidus, Miull., Frankfort.
Segmentina lineata, Frankfort.
Limnea stagnalis, Mull., and var., Frankfort.
L. roseolabiata, Sturm, Frankfort.
Cyclas rivicola, Lam., River Maine.
C. cornea, L., River Maine.
Pisidium fontinale, C. Pfeiffer, near Frankfort.
Limnea auricularia, Mull.

L. ampla. [Mr. Robert Scharff.
A specimen of Afe/ix rufescens from Skipton, with the spire
remarkably raised. [ Mr. Robert Scharff.

Specimens of Balea perversa, Claustlia rugosa, Helix hispida
and Zonites nitidulus from Ambleside.
[Mr. Robert Scharff.

Spherium sulcatum, Lam., Wayne Co., Michigan.

S. striatinum, Lam., Ann. Arbor, Mich.

iS. securis, Prime, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Limnea humilis, Say, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Pleurocera subulare, Lea, River Rouge, Mich.

P. canaliculatum, Say, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Planorbis campanulatus, Say, Detroit River, Mich.
Gontobasts livescens, Menke, Erie Co., New York.
Melantho integra, Say, Evan’s Lake, Mich.

M. obesa, Lewis, South Bend, Indiana. [Mr. Wm. Nelson.

J.C., ii; June, 1879

PROC, CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND, 181

fH. Carthusiana, Lewes, H. hybrida, Faversham, HZ. hybrida,
Bilton near Bath, palliata, Say, East Tennessee, H. ligera,
Lock Haven, Penn. [Mr. J. W. Taylor.

Valvata tricarinata, Say, Erie Canal, New York, Bythinia
tentaculata, Pond, Alum Rock, near Birmingham.

[Mr. Wm. Nelson.

Alexia meridionalis, Semaphore, South Australia, Zlenchus
trtodontes, Semaphore, South Australia, Swcccnea strigata, Manoora,
South Australia, Clausilia parvula, Friburg, Zriodopsis hirsuta,
Say, Hamilton Co., Ohio, Lemna stagnalis var. fragilis, Folke-
stone. [ Mr. J. W. Taylor.

NORWEGIAN MARINE MOLLUSCA,

Mr. Joun W. Taytor exhibited a number of shells taken off
the Norwegian coast by the Rev. A. Merle Norman, M.A.,
including the following:—Zeda fernula, 120 f., N. of Bukkar;
Arca nodulosa, 80 f.; Dentalrum abyssorum, 375 f., Oster Fiord ;
and Cylichna alba, 180 f. Kors Fiord.,

GUNDLACHIA DISCOVERED IN TASMANIA.

Mr. Taytor also exhibited Gundlachia Fetterd, Johnst.,
discovered in Tasmania recently by Mr. Petterd. The genus
had only previously been known as an American one, several
species having been described by various authors. [See /.C. ii.
io: Heb

VARIATION OF COLOR IN ANIMAL OF PLANORBIS CORNEUS.

Mr. Witit1am NeEtson showed specimens of a remarkable
variation in the color of the animal of /Vlanorbis corneus, found
near Leeds. [See Mr. Nelson’s note at page 150 of the present
volume. |

A VARIETY OF COCHLICOPA TRIDENS NEW TO BRITAIN.

Mr. Joun W. TayLor reported the discovery of a variety of
C. tridens new to Britain, the var. A/genens7s, St. Simon, dis-
tinguished from the type by the presence of two additional
denticles deeply seated on the palatal margin; the specimens
were found at Dorridge, near Knowle, by Mr. Nelson,

182 PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND.

MOLLUSCA OF ARCACHON.
A “List of the Mollusca occurring in the Bassin d’ Arcachon,”
-by Mr. Rost. Scuarrr, of Bordeaux, was read, in which were
included 162 species.

NOTES ON THE SYNONYMY OF LIMNEA PEREGRA.

Mr. WiLt1am NeELson read a paper in which he stated that
having recently received from Mr. W. T. Bednall of Adelaide,
specimens of Tenison Woods’ new species, Linaea Hobartonensis
(Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 71), he is decidedly of opinion that
it is referable to the typical form of Miiller’s species. [See /.C.
i. 4].

Having seen some of the specimens of Mr. Edgar A. Smith’s
Limnea Goodwintt (Q. J. C., Feb. 1876, i. 125) preserved in the
British Museum, he is of opinion that this also is referable to the
same variable species.

VERTIGO MOULINSIANA, Dupuy.

- The Secretary (Mr. Joun W. Taytor) called the attention of
the meeting to a paper in the November number of the Annals
and Mag. Nat. Hist., in which Dr. Jeffreys now considers that the
shell which he originally referred to Vertigo AYoulinsiana, Dupuy,
ought really to bear the name of V. Li//jeborg:, Westerlund; a
view which Mr. Taylor held in a paper read at the 41st meeting
(25th of August).

PHYSA VIRGATA, Gould.

Mr. WitLIAM NELSON stated that amongst the shells sent by
Prof. F. M. Witter, of Muscatine, Iowa, collected in that district,
was a specimen of Physa virgata, Gould, a species recorded (fide
Binney, 1865) as occurring only in California.

SHELLS OF BORDEAUX.

Mr. Joun W. Taytor exhibited on behalf of Mr.. Roperr
ScHarFr, of Bordeaux, the following shells collected in the
neighbourhood of that city :—

J.C., i1., June, 1879

PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 183

Flelix rotundata, Muller.

aspersa, Miull., also vars. minor and grisea.

nemoralts, L., also vars. fasciata, coalita, untcolor and

minor.

lapicida, L.

carthusiana, Muller, and var. mztnor.

hortensts, Muller, and var. unzcolor.

terrestris, Fleming, and var. maculosa.

limbata, Drap., and var. minor.

pisana, Miller, and var. ad/oida.

vartabilts, Drap, also vars. fasciata, hypozona, lutescens,

ressellata and ochroleuca.

cornea, Drap., and var. sguamatina.

acuta, Muller, and var. strigata.

CET NEES Miller, and var. paliidula.

Cyclostoma elegans, Drap., also vars. volaceum, ochroleucum,
pallidum and albescens.

Bulimus decollatus, Drap.

Fielix intersecta, Poir.

Limnea stagnalis, Lam., and var. fragzlss.

L. peregva, \am., var. cornea.

L. palustris, Flem.

L. truncatila, Beck. (fossaria, Flem.)

L. glabra, Miiller.

Flanorbis corneus, Poir.

vortex, Muller.

complanatus, Studer, var. submarginatus.

leucostoma, Mill., and var. Lerezz2.

carinatus, ills

nitidus, Miller.

. contortus, Miller.

P. albus, Miiller,

Wes nautileus, Flem.

Valvata cristata, Miiller.

Physa acuta, Drap.

Unio Reguient, Michaud.

U. sinuatus, Pour.

U. danielis, Ganier.

U. hittoralis, Cuvier.

Anodonta piscinalis, Nilsson.

A. cygnea, L., var. cellensis.

Bithinia ventricosa, Gray.

ae SSS

hy

2S

cS

184 PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND,

SUCCINEA OREGONENSIS, Gould, AND Ss. OBLONGA, Drap.

Mr. Jonn W. Taytor exhibited specimens of the former
from Alameda County, California, and of the latter from the
Co. Cork, Ireland, and showed that the two forms were identical.

44th Meeting—April 8rd, i879.
Mr. Benjamin Holgate, F.G.S., in the chair.
DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
The following were announced and thanks votedto the donor:—
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. v.,
Nos. 8 and 9. [ Dr. Alex. Agassiz.
FRENCH CONCHOLOGY.
Mr. Taytor read extracts from letters addressed to him by
Mr. Robert Scharff of Bordeaux, giving accounts of various
interesting conchological rambles at Carcassonne, Nimes, Mar-
seilles and Avignon, many interesting shells being collected.
Saaew
45th Meeting—May Ist, 1879.
Mr. W. Denison Roebuck in the chair.
DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
The following were announced and thanks voted to the donors :—
Label List of the genus /Vassa, by F. P. Marrat.
[The Compiler.
Leeds Geological Association: an address delivered Oct. 28,

1878, by Mr. Benj. Holgate, F.G.S. [The Society.
On the Variation of Sculpture exhibited in the shells of the
genus /Vassa, by F. P. Marrat. [The Author.

YORKSHIRE SHELLS.

A large number of shells collected in different parts of
Yorkshire were exhibited by the members present, and the locali-
ties entered in the Record Books for that county.

SHELLS EXHIBITED.

Mr. Joun W. Taytor showed a number of shells he had

received from Mr. Charles Ashford, including :—

J.C., i., June, 1879

PROC, CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND, . 185

Helix ericetorum, var. albida, from Clara, King’s Co., Ireland.
EH. evicetorum, the ordinary form of that distrist, also peculiar.
Clausilia livida, Sicily (Benoit).
Succinea Vermeta, U.S.A.
Ancylus capuloides, (Jan) Sicily (Benoit),

Also Ay pselostoma tubiferum, from Aracan.

—— SS

VAL VABA CRISEALA IN THE VALE OF YORK
By W. NELSON.

This spring, whilst collecting in the neighborhood of South
Milford, I found asingle specimen of this shell. On Whit Monday,
collecting near Selby, I found a number of this species amongst
decaying vegetation. In the same locality Bythinea Leachit
was very abundant, along with a number of other commoner

species.

ee 0 ee

CLAUSILIA RUGOSA var. ALBIDA AT SMEATON,
YORKSHIRE.

By W. NELSON.

In the spring of 1878, during the excursion of the Yorkshire
Naturalists’ Union, whilst searching among a heap of loose stones
for Clausilia laminata, which was plentiful in this locality, I found
two specimens of Clauszlia rugosa var. albida. The type of this
species was somewhat rare; the only other species associated with
it being Zonztes fulvus and Vertigo pygmea.

——$+90¢—__—_

186

LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED ON FITZROY
ISLAND, NORTH COAST OF AUSTRALIA;
WITH NOTES ON THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE,*

By JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S.,
Fellow of the Royal and Linnean Societies of New South Wales, Corr. Mem.
Roy. Soc. Tasmania.

The whole of these species were collected during a few
hours’ stay in the year 1871, and only obtained on the west side.
The beach was composed of nothing but coral and shells, about
30 yards long, 6 to 7 feet in thickness, and the same in breadth.
During my second visit the whole of the bank had been washed
away by some heavy gale; the large flat blocks of coral con-
glomerate that were at the edge of ebb tide had also been carried
out into deep water, nothing left but a fine clear white sand beach.
1. Pleurotoma bijubata Reeve. Conch. Icon., i., f£ 87 (very

bad).

One fine specimen obtained; I have also found it at

San Christoval, Solomon Islands ; Lifou, Loyalty Islands.

2. Pleurotoma sp.?
Dead and worn specimen of a light pink color.
3. Ranella gyrinus.
Murex syrinus, L. Gmel., p. 3531.
One specimen in good condition. Found on the reefs at

Darnley Island, Torres Straits; New Caledonia and Fiji Ids.
4. R. granifera Lam. Enc. Méth., pl: cccexiv., fig. 4.

One fair specimen obtained. Some years back I obtained

a broken specimen washed on shore after a south-east gale

north of the Macleay River, New South Wales; also on the

reefs at Aneiteum, New Hebrides, South Pacific Ocean.

* List of Land Shells found on Fitzroy Island—see Quare1 ly Fournal of
Conchology, November, 1877, vol. i,, p. 268.

J.C., ii, June, 1879

5.

IO.

Waly

12.

‘BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. 187

Nassa albescens.

Buccinum albescens, Dunker, Abbild. und Besch., 1849,
Dy Ss Dl aubene, hres

Nassa bicolor, Homb. et Jacq., Voy. au Pol. Sud., p. 84,
Ol Sorting, THIS, Yue, ee.

One fine specimen obtained. Also at Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, 5 fathoms, sand bottom.
Nassa sp.?

One sea-worn specimen.
Purpura mancinella.

Murex mancinella, L.. Syst. Nat., ed. xi, p. 121

One small specimen obtained. Found at Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, on the reefs under coral; Nickol Bay, North
West Coast of Australia; Port Darwin, North Australia, (Mr.
William Tompson Bednall).

Persternia incarnata.
Turbinella incarnata, Desh. Lam. Anim. Sans. Vert.,

tome Ix, p. 394.

One specimen found ia good condition. Also Port
Darwin, N. Australia. Specimens from San Christoval, Solomon
Islands are of a bright yellow, violet inside.

Voluta maculata Swainson, Exot. Conch., p. 23, pl. xxxviil.

One inferior specimen obtained. Splendid specimens
obtained in 1875, at Palm Island, North-east Australia; also
Port Curtis and Port Denison.

Mitra limbifera Lam. Anim. Sans. Vert., ed. ii., tome x.,

_ Be Sagh

One fine living specimen obtained.

M. avenacea Reeve.
One sea-worn specimen found.

M. fraga, Quoy et Gaimard. Voy. de l’Astr., tome il,
Dp: O00, ple xlv., £23320,

188 BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.

Mitra peregra, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xxiv., sp. 186.
Six living specimens obtained under coral. Palm Island,
Northeast Australia; Darnley Island, Torres Straits; Philip-
pines (Cuming).
13. M. leuodesma Reeve.
One specimen found; Ticao, Philippines (Cuming).
14. M. porphyritica Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xxv., f 195.
One specimen found. Ticao, Philippines (Cuming).
Society Islands, on the authority of Mr. G. B. Sowerby in
Woes, Comels,
15. Imbricaria conica Schumacher, Syst., p. 236, pl. xxi, f. 5.
Mitra contca, Deshayes.
Mitra marmorata, Quoy et Gaimard.
Mitra marmorata, Kiener.
Mitre décorée Biainville.
Mitra marmorata, Schub. et Wagn.
Conelix marmoratus, Swainson.
Mitra marmorata, Reeve.
Mitra conica, Reeve.
Conohelix conicus, Chenu,
Conehelix, Swainson.
Conohelix, Sowerby.
One living specimen found. I have also found it at
Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-east Australia; Pango Pango
Harbour, Navigators Islands; Anse Vata, near Noumeéa,
New Caledonia. This well-known species enjoys a variety
of both specific and generic names.
16. Columbella semipunctata.
Colombella punctata, Lam, Anim. Sans. Vert., tome vii.,
Pp. 294.
Three specimens found on the beach in good condition.
17. Columbella plicaria Montrouzier. Journal de Conch,
SOD, WO, Seq guaGl, SEMES, jos B15 OL ws, 6 e,

J.C., ii., June, 1879

BRAZIER: MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. 189

One specimen in splendid condition found on the beach.
Island of Art, North Coast of New Caledonia (Montrouzier)
I obtained at Artillery Point, Nouméa, New Caledonia, in
1865, one fine living specimen under a stone in deep water.
Also at Bird Island off the Northeast Coast of Australia.

18. ©. Digglesi.

C. (Anachis) Digglest, Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1874,
> Oyuig wh Isceat, twin, a

One living specimen was dredged by me in 18 fathoms,
and the type in my collection. During my New Guinea
cruise, in. 1875, I dredged specimens at Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, 20—30 fathoms, white sandy bottom; Katow,
New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.

19. C. regulus.

C. pumila, Souverbie. Journal de Conch., 1862, vol. xi.,
p-. 281, pl. xi, f- 14, not C. pumzla, Dunker.

C. vegulus, Souverbie. Journal de Conch., 1863, vol. xii.,
De Atte

Six specimens found under stones and coral. Also No.
VI., or Eclipse Island, off Cape Sidmouth, Northeast Aus-
tralia; during my cruise in 1875 I obtained it on the
Great or Northern Palm Island; Barnard Islands, No. III.;
Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, Northeast Australia;
in 1872 I obtained four specimens at Makera Harbour, San
Christoval, Solomon Islands; and in 1873 I obtained a great
number of specimens at Artillery Point and Anse Vata, near
Nouméa, New Caledonia.

20. Engina lineata.
Ricinula lineata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. vi, sp. 51.

Three specimens obtained. Seven found in 1875 at
Barnard Islands No. III.

igo

21.

22.

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.
Engina sp.?

One single sea-worn specimen; resembles 2. recurva.
Natica melanostomoides Quoy and Gaimard. Voy de
WOANGtie, iormave’ WES, AG, jolh Ibe, 1h Zu

One fine specimen obtained. I dredged two specimens

_in 1875 at Cape Grenville, Northeast Australia, 30 fathoms,

26.

27.

white sand bottom; they are in the Macleayan Museum.
Elizabeth Bay, Sydney.

Conus arenatus Brug. Dict., No. 16.

One specimen found. Common in the Sclomon Islands;
New Britain; New Ireland and Duke of York Group ; rare
in New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.

Ge vais. syst Nat No. jn:

Six specimens found; some are coronated and some

smooth.

G. minimus &. Syst. Nato ed. xi p, 1168.
One specimen found. Also New Caledonia, common.

C. Ceylanensis Brug. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 10,
f. 139—140.

Eight specimens found. Also north of New Caledonia,
Makera Harbour, San Christoval, Solomon Islands.

G. musicus Brug. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 11, plyvi,
iy dizikeey

Five specimens found. Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
found on the reefs under coral; Art Island, New Caledonia,
Makera Harbour, San Christoval, Solomon Islands, found
under stones.
C. emaciatus Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 23,
Ol Seas 204.

One specimen found (white variety). Common on the
North Coast of New Caledonia, Lifou and Maré, Loyalty
Islands.

j.G., ii., June, 1879

29.

Bile

ww

to

BRAZIER: MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. I9gt

CG. suguilatus Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 4, pl. iii,
i BOs

One fine specimen found. Also at Fiji in 1865; Pouébo,
New Caledonia; Makera Harbour, San Christoval, Solomon
C. eximius Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 18, pl. ix,
i, BOR ;

Two specimens found. It is also found at Bird Island;
and Wreck Reefs near the Tropic of Capricorn.

C. capitaneus L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 27, pl. viii,
f, 175—176.

Large quantity obtained washed up on coral bank.
Darnley Island, Torres Straits; Hall Sound, New Guinea;
New Caledonia; Lifou and Maré, Loyalty Islands; Fiji
Islands; New Ireland; New Britain; Duke of York Group;
Solomon Islands.

Gz magus wl, wSowenby, dWhess Conch) (plexes hes,
508—514 and 525.

The commonest species, found in all varieties. It also”
enjoys a vast number of specific names, such as Conus
anadtcus, Chem., C. cdandestinus, Chem., C. civce, Chem., C-.
Jenellus, Chem., C. raphanus, Awass., C. cartnatus, Swainson,
C. ustulaius, Reeve, C. efistomtum, Reeve, C. epistomioides,
Weinkauff, C. striolatus, Kiener, C. Borneensis, Sowerby (not
Ad. & Reeve), C. Prauenjeldi, Crosse, C. assimilis, A. Ad.,
C. consul, Boivin.

Found also at Darnley Island, Torres Straits; Strong
Island, Ponope, Caroline Group; Makera Harbour, San
Christoval, Solomon Islands; rare in New Caledonia.

C. lineatus Chem. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 36, pl. x.,
fe22 10:

192

34.

oo

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.

Only one specimen found. Isle of Art, New Caledonia;
Lifou and Mare, Loyalty Islands; New Ireland; New Britain;
and Duke of York Group.

C. vitulinus Brug. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 36, pl. x.,
ih QDae

Eight specimens found, somewhat sea-worn. Island of
Art, New Caledonia; Lifou and Maré, Loyalty Islands; New
Ireland, New Britain and Duke of York Group.

_ G. striatus L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 30, pl xxamy

f. 557-
Three specimens found. Darnley Island, Torres Straits,

very common; New Ireland, New Britain and Duke of York
Group; Isle of Art, New Caledonia; Lifou and Maré, Loyalty
Islands.

. C. stercus-muscarum L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 38,

Dbeiey ih Sale

Only one specimen found in good condition. New
Ireland, New Britain and Duke of York Group; Ontong
Java or Lord Howe Group.

. GC. textile L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 41, pl. xxiii,

HS S(O%pe

Very common on shore after gale of wind. Island of
Art, New Caledonia, very common; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits; Low Islands, Trinity Bay, Northeast Australia; Lifou
and Maré, Loyalty Islands; New Britain, New Ireland, and
Duke of York Group; Solomon Islands.

. G. nussatellata L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pp. Agsmpk

XXL, f. 553. Conds terebra, Chem.

One specimen found three inches long. Brooke Island,
Northeast Australia; Isle of Pines, New Caledonia; Lifou
and Maré, Loyalty Islands; New Britain, New Ireland and
Duke of York Group; Solomon Islands.

J.C. ii, June, 1879

39

4o.

4I.

42.

43.

44.

45.

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. 193

. C. glans Brug. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 46, pl. xxii.
f. 530—531.
Common on the beach after a gale. Isle of Art and
Anse Vata, New Caledonia; New Ireland; New Britain, and
Duke of York Group; Solomon Islands.

C. coccineus Gmel. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 45, pl.
OEMs 1h, 28).

One fine specimen found. Isle of Art, New Caledonia;
Lifou and Maré, Loyalty Islands; New Britain.

C. scabriusculus Chem. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 46,
f. 542—543. Conus fabula, Sowerby.

Common on the beach after a gale. Isle of Art, New Cale-
donia; Lifou and Maré, Loyalty Islands.

C. tenellus Chem. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, p. 45, pl.
FSU Ie HHO.
C. artopus, Sowerby. C. spectabilis, A. Adams.

Only one specimen of this rare species found.

Strombus plicatus Lam. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 30,
oll, itl... 3 SO,

Three specimens found. Also Great North Palm Island,
Northeast Australia; Home Islands, off Cape Grenville,
Northeast Australia; found on the reefs; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, on mud flats inside the reefs ; also dredged at
20 and 30 fathoms, sandy-mud bottom.

Conus elegans Sow. Thes. Conch., p. 3, pl. vi, f. 43-48.
Two sea-worn specimens obtained. Darnley Island,

Torres Straits, 15, 20 and 30 fathoms, sandy mud floor.

Cyprea tigris L. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. iv., f. 12.
Common on the beach after a gale. Darnley Island,

Torres Straits. I obtained on the reef at Ovalau, Fiji Islands,
in 1865, a splendid orange variety, and in 1872 IJ obtained

J.C., ii., July, 1879. ; : Gl

194

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.

at Port Hunter, Duke of York Group, one fine specimen
having the whole surface light blue; margins nearly jet black.

G. arabica lL. Reeve; Conch: Icon.; ph tye 2:

Common on the beach after a gale. Home and Low
Islands, Northeast Australia; Darnley Island, Torres Straits;
Fiji Islands; New Britain; New Ireland; New Caledonia; Duke
of York Group; and Solomon Islands. Fine large specimens
obtained at the mouth of the Bellenger River, New South
Wales. Also as far south as Botany Bay, near Cape Banks, I
obtained under stones at half tide twelve years ago fifty
specimens in a young state or volute-like form. Cape Banks
is in 34° o' South Latitude and 151° 16' East Longitude.

C. asellus L. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xviii, f. 98.

One specimen found on the beach. Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, found on the reefs under stones. Fiji Islands;
Tongataboo, Friendly Islands; Niué or Savage Island; New
Britain; New Ireland; Duke of York Group; New Caledonia;
Loyalty Islands; Bellenger River, New South Wales; Solomon
Islands; Cape Banks, Botany Bay, New South Wales. One
large living specimen found with C. Arabica.

*C. errones L. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xiii., fi 56.

Common on the beach. Darnley Island, Torres Straits;
Bellenger River, Cape Banks, Botany Bay, New South Wales;
New Caledonia; New Britain; New Ireland; Loyalty Islands;
Fiji Islands; Tongataboo, Friendly Islands.

C. flaveola L. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xviii, f 5.

One specimen found on the beach. Bellenger River;
Redbank River; Lake Macquarie, New South Wales.
C. fimbriata Gmel. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pl. xxxii.,
f. 390—I.

One specimen, slightly sea-worn. Also Western Australia.

J.C., it, July, 1879

52.

54.

wep

56.

BRAZIER: MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. 195

. C. stercus-muscarum Lam. Sowerby, Thes. Conch.,

pl. xxxil., 364—5.
One living specimen found. Bird Island.

Trivia oryza Lam. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pl. xxxv., f.
474—6.

One living specimen found. New Caledonia. I dredged
specimens off Cape Grenville, Northeast Australia, 20 fathoms,
sand floor.

. T. vitrea Gaskoin. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pl. xxxv.,

f. 456—7.
One specimen found, in good preservation. Darnley
Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy-mud floor.

Pustularia staphylea.

Cyprea staphylea L. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pl. xxv.,
f. 227—9.

The specimen obtained is pure white. Other varieties
come from Solomon Islands; New Ireland; New Britain;
New Caledonia; Shark Point, Port Jackson, New South
Wales, 7 fathoms, mud bottom. This species must not be
confounded with Cysrea limacina Lamarck.

Cerithium Novee-Hollandiz A. Adams. Sowerby, Thes.
Conch., pl. clxxvill., f. 54, p. 864.

One specimen found. Common at Mud Bay, Cape
York, North Australia, in crevices of dead coral blocks partly
covered with mud.

Triphoris violaceus.
Cerithium violaceum, Quoy. Voy de l’Astrolabe.

Four specimens found under coral. Great North Palm
Island, Northeast Australia. Also Home Islands; Barnard
Islands, No. III.; Makera Harbour, San Christoval; Solomon
Islands ; Nouméa, New Caledonia ; New Ireland.

196

57-

58.

59:

60.

61.

62.

63.

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.

Cerithidea Kieneri.

Certthium Kienert Homb. et Jacq. Voy. au Pole Sud.
Moll., Atlas, pl. xxii, f. 45.

One single specimen found on trunk of AAzzophora.
Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, rather common,
found on Mangrove or L&hzzophora some six feet from the
ground. One dead specimen I found on the beach at
Katow, New Guinea.

Melania ——sp.
I collected a large number of specimens, but being in
doubt of the species I have sent it to the British Museum.

Littorina Malaccana Philippi, Abbild. und Besch. Conch.,
TMi, (OR eis JO Maey hh

Found very common in clusters on the granite boulders
at the north end of the island.

L. melanacme Smith. Journal of the Linn. Soc., Zoology,
IOMClOM, Sitky 1s SHAE Jol: SSG. 1% Bit,

Common. Found with the former. The type in the
British Museum I obtained at Makera Harbour, San Chris-
toval, Solomon Islands. Specimens also found on Barrow
Island, Northeast Coast of Australia. New Caledonia, Mr.
R. C. Rossiter.

L. undulata Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xii., sp. 67.
Six living specimens found on granite boulders. Common
at Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.

L. obesa Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. ix., f 41.
One single specimen found with the former. Found
very common at Port Vila, Vate or Sandwich Island, New
Hebrides.
Modulus tectum.
Trochus tectum Gmel. Monodonta tectum Lam.
One beach-worn specimen found. Also New Caledonia.

J.C., ii. July, 1879

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

60.

70.

BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND. 197

Rissoina sp.?

One single beach-worn specimen found.
Neritopsis radula.

NNerita radula L. Syst. Nat., p. 1252, No. 721.

Living specimens found on the beach. Living specimens
have been found in New Caledonia with the operculum.
My kinsman Mr. R. C. Rossiter obtained a beautiful specimen
complete near Nouméa.

Turbo supragranosus.

Trochus (Gibbula) supragranosus Smith. Journal ofthe
Lin. Soc. London, Zoology, xii., p. 558, plate xxx., f. 15.

One specimen found on the beach. The type specimen
was from San Christoval, Solomon Islands, and placed by
Mr. Edgar Smith, F.Z.S., in the genus Zvochus. Since then
I have sent another specimen to the British Museum with
the operculum, the character of which places it in the family
Turbinide.

Trochus hexagonus Philippi. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl.
Tan i OES

One specimen slightly sea-worn was found on the beach.
Clanculus albinus A. Adams. P. Z.S., 1851, p. 160.

One specimen with the apex broken was found on the
beach.

Monodonta labio.
Trochus labio L. Syst. Nat., ed. xi1., p. 1230.
One small living specimen found.
Monilea corrugata.
Trochus corrugatus Koch. Phil. Abbild., p. 67, pl. 2, f. 7.
Monilea lentiginosa A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851,

p. 188,
One specimen found on the beach.

198 BRAZIER : MARINE SHELLS OF FITZROY ISLAND.
71. Fissurella octagona? Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch.,
Ol, Vabtby it, IHS),

One specimen dead and sea-worn found on the beach.

72. Buccinulus coccinatus.
Tornatella coccinata Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 60.
Solidiula coccinata A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 61.
One good specimen found on the sands. Harbour of
Nouméa, New Caledonia, 8 fathoms, sandy-mud bottom.
Only a few weeks ago I obtained six specimens right under
the inner North Head of Port Jackson, in 5 fathoms, white
sand and broken shells. Whale Island, Aneiteum, New Heb-
rides, crawling on the sandy-mud flat at the edge of ebb tide.

73. Bulla punctulata A. Adams. Sowerby, Thes. Conch.,
Pi NGxscitey tee 7
Two specimens found on the beach in good condition.

Also New Caledonia; New Britain; Port Jackson and the
coast of New South Wales in general.

CONCHIFERA.
74. Mesodesma intermedia Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc,
1854, p. 338.
One specimen found in a living state.
The AZesodesma nitida Desh. is not found at Sydney, nor
anything like it. So much for the Cumingian Localities.
75. Cardium Dupuehense Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. xiv.,f67.
One specimen found somewhat sea-worn.
76. Mytilus Nicobarica var. Kraussii Kuster. Reeve, Conch.
UG, Oh WR, 1 Aer

Three specimens found on a block of coral. Cape Bank,
Botany Bay, New South Wales.

J.C., ii., Julty 1879

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 199

77. Pecten madreporarum Petit. Sowerby, Thes. Conch.,
pl. xiv., f. 68.
Three living specimens found on coral.

o <= 0

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

University Honors.— The University of Cambridge on
the roth of June last honored itself by conferring the honorary
degree of LL.D. upon a number of distinguished men, among
whom are Prof. Huxley and Mr. H. C. Sorby. The latter
gentleman will be best known to our readers through his researches
into the coloring matters of the animal of Planorbis corneus.

——_>———_

ZOOLOGICAL STATIONS AT SYDNEY AND ABERDEEN.—The
establishment of these invaluable adjuncts to the study of the
biology and embryology of marine animals is being extended to
various parts of the world. We see that on the proposition of
Baron Miclucho-Maclay the Linnean Society of New South Wales
has determined to organize one near Sydney, while in the meantime
the munificence of Mr. Wm. Macleay has already provided a
temporary one there, pending the complete organization of the
permanent station. ‘The British Isles is also to be provided in
like manner. The locality selected is on the coast of Aberdeen-
shire, and the station is proposed to be worked in connection
with the University of Aberdeen. Should any of our readers
wish to encourage financially the latter project they may remit to
Mr. G. J. Romanes, of 18, Cornwall Terrace, Regent’s Park,
London, N.W., who has undertaken to collect subscriptions for
this object. We trust that the institutions we have mentioned
may be largely productive of information with respect to the
developmental history of the mollusca.

SS

200

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

ILS) Tk, Sy

TERRESTRIAL AND FLUVIATILE CONCHOLOGY.

Adami (G. Battista).—Mollusca collected in the Val di
Caffaro, Italy—Mbolluschi raccolti in val di Caffaro, nell’
Agosto del 1874.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. 93 to 98.

A short preface is followed by a list in which appear 4 Lzmax,

1 Vitrina, 1 Zonites, 4 Hyalina, 13 Helix, 2 Bulimus, 1 Zua, 7

Pupa, 1 Balia, 4 Clausilia, 1 Succinea, 1 Carychium, 2 Limnea,

1 Ancylus, 1 Acme, 1 Pomatias, 1 Cyclostoma and 1 Pisidium—

altogether 47 species.

Anselmo (Tommasi). — Catalogue of Land and Fresh-
water Moilusca of Castelgoffredo in ltaly,—Catalogo
dei Molluschi Terrestri e Fluyiatili viventi nel territorio di
Castelgoffredo e dintorni facenti parte del Circondario di
Castiglione delle Stiviere.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, i. 166
to 183.

The author enumerates 1 Vitvina, 3 Succinea, 4 Zontites, 24
Helix, 2 Bulimus, 1 Zua, 2 Ctonella, 3 Clausilia, 4 Pupa, 5
Vertigo, 2 Carychium, 7 FPlanorbis, 1 Segmentina, 2 Physa, 6
Lymnea, 2 Ancylus, 1 Cyclostoma, 3 Bythinia, 2 Paludina, %
1 Pyrgula, 3 Valvata, 4 Neritina, 7 Anodonta, 4 Unio, 3 Pisidium
and 1 Spherium.

Benoit (C. Luigi). Catalogue of Land and Fluviatile
Shells of Sicily and adjacent Islands.—Catalogo delle
Conchiglie terrestri e fluviatili della Sicilia e delle Isole cir-
costanti.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. 129 to 163.

J.C., ii., July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875. 201

The author enumerates 1 Zéstacella, 5 Daudebardia, 2 Vitrina,
3, Succinea, 93 Helix (including Zonztes and Hyalina), 3 Bulimus,
17 Achatina, 19 Pupa (including Vertigo and Balia), 26 Clausilia,
1 Carychium, 1 Acme, 2 Cyclostoma, 7 Pomatias, 6 Limnea, 10
Planorbis, 9 Physa, 10 Ancylus, 1 Valvata, 9 Paludina, 3 Neritina,
3 Unio, 1 Cyclas and 4 Pistdium.

Cesati (Vincenzo).—List of Mollusca collected in Naples.
—Molluschi raccolti nel Regio Orto Botanico in Napoli.—
Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1, pp. 125 to 128.

The author observes that the immense variety of conditions
necessary in a Botanical Garden conspires to attract a rich
molluscan fauna. He enumerates 1 Zimax, 3 Hyalina, 16 Helix,
3 Bulimus, 3 Ctonella, 3 Pupa, 1 Clausilia, 2 Carychium, 1
Limnea, t Planorbts, 1 Cyclostoma and 1 Bithynia.

Lewis (James, M.D.)—Descriptions of New Species of
“American Land and Freshwater Shells.—Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Philad. 1875, pp. 334 to 337 and plate xxiii.

LTelix (Mesodon) Chilhoweénsis, Lewis, near Hl. Sayii; Zonttes
acerra, hitherto confounded with Z demissus; Vitrina latissima,
and J¢elantho obesus. All collected in Eastern Tennessee and
Western North Carolina, except JZe/antho, which is from Ohio
and Michigan.

Pini (Napoleone).—Description of a New Clausilia—
Species Nuova: Clausilia Spreafici Pini.—Bull. Soc. Mal.
Ital., 1875, 1. pp. 164 and 165.

The locality is in the Val Tellina near Tirano, Italy.

Prete (Dott. Raimondo del).—List of Terrestrial and
Fluviatile Shells found at Viareggio, Massarosa
and Camaiore.—Nota di alcune conchiglie raccolte nei
comuni di Viareggio, Massarosa e Camaiore. — Bull. Soc.
Mal. Ital. 1875, i. pp.25 to 31.

202 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875.

Seventy-five species are enumerated, viz., 1 Succinea. 3 Hya-
lina, 24 Helix, 6 Bulimus (including Cochlicopa), 2 Cecilianella,
5 Claustlia, 4 Pupa, 1 Vertigo, 1 Carychium, 6 Planorbis, 1 Physa,
5 Limnea, 1 Ancylus, 1 Velletia, 1 Cyclostoma, 1 FPomatias, 3
Lythinia, 1 Paludina, 2 Valvata, 1 Neritina, 1 Anodonta, 1 Unio,
1 Pistdium and 1 Cyclas.

Stefani (Carlo de)—Recent Mollusca of the Upper
Serchio Valley.—Molluschi viventi nella valle del Serchio
superiore &c.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, i. pp. 35 to 67.

An elaborate paper, with introductory remarks on distribu-
tion, &c., followed by a list of 45 terrestrial and 12 fluviatile
mollusca. A tabulation of their distribution is given, and a list
of 15 excluded species. At p. 63 a new species of ABythinia is
described but not named. Signor Stefani names 1 Avion, 1 Limax,
1 Testacella, 4 Zonttes, 19 Helix, 4 Bulimus, 1 Achatina, 6 Pupa,
1 Vertigo, 5 Claustlia, 1 Succinea, 3 Limnea, 1 Planorbis, 1
Ancylus, 1 Acme, 1 Cyclostoma, 2 FPomatias, 2 Bythinia and 1
Pisidium. The excluded species are of the genera Zonites (1),
ffelix (7), Clausilia (1), Succinea (1), Ancylus (3), Pomatias (1),
and Bythinia (1).

Strebel (H.)—The Mexican Land and Freshwater Fauna.
—Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexicanischer Land- und
Susswasser- Conchylien: Zweiter Theil, 51 pp. and 15 plates,
gr. 4to.: published 1875 by T. Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg:
Price 12 marks.

Noticed in the Jahrbiicher, April 1876, ii. 185 to 189, by
Dr. E. von Martens.

Woods (Rey. J. E. Tenison).—On the Freshwater Shells
of Tasmania.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, August 9, 1875,
pp. 66 to 82.

J.C., ii., July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875. 203

Mr. Woods’ experience leads him to remark that the fresh-
water fauna of Tasmania is perfectly distinct from that of Australia;
and that the facies or general character of the freshwater shells is
not Australian, showing the remoteness of the period at which
the two islands were separated. Another remarkable fact is
mentioned by Mr. Woods, namely, that the commonest Physa
seems scarcely distinguishable from the European P. fontinalis,
and it is found in places which preclude the supposition of having
been introduced. Nevertheless he describes the shell as new
under the name of P. tasmanica. ‘There are in all 32 species (28
being univalves) of known freshwater shells in Tasmania, viz. :—

Ancylus Cumingtanus Bourg., A. Tasmanicus, n. sp. (p. 70°),
Limnea Tasmanica, n. sp. (p. 70), L. Huonensis, n. sp. (p. 71),
L. Hobartonensis, n. sp. (p. 71), L. Launcestonensis, n. sp. (p. 71),
Physa aperta Sow., P. eburnea Sow., P. mamillata Sow., P. nitida
Sow., P. Bruniensis Sow., P. Vandiemenensis Sow., P. Huonensis
MS PN (DIN A) eeeee LCeTad7, Me SPh (De 74) ye Masmlanican mn. Spr
(O: WA) L2 GAGE, jo, SD. YO WG) py. Le, LMS DeNeTANis, Vee, JO (IO, 7/'5)),
P. Huonicola, n. sp. (p. 75), Bythinia Legrand, n. sp. (p. 76),
B. Pontvillensis, n. sp. (p. 76), B. Dulvertonensts, n. sp. (p. 77);
B. Huonensts, n. sp. (p. 77), B. unicarinata, n. sp. (p. 77), LB.
Dunrobinensis, n. sp. (p. 77), B. Tasmanica, n. sp. (p. 77),
Pomatiopsts striatula Menke, Assiminea Tasmanica, n. sp. (p. 79),
Planorbis Tasmanicus, n. sp. (p. 79), Paludestrina Legrandiana
Brazier, P. Wisemaniana Brazier, Unio Moretonicus Sow., Pisidium
Tasmanicum, n. sp. (p. 81), P. Dulvertonensis n. sp. (p. 82) and
Cyclas Tasmanica n. sp. (p. 82). i

We have seen examples of Zemnea Hobartonensis and regard
it as identical with the British Z. pervegra. Mr. Petterd’s article
on Tasmanian Freshwater Shells in the present volume of this
journal should be referred to for further information.

—:0:——

204 : BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875.

MARINE CONCHOLOGY.

Monterosato (Marchese di).— Mediterranean CGoncho-
logy.—Note intorno ad alcuni articoli di Conchiologia
Mediterranea pubblicati nel Jahrbticher der deutschen mala-
kozoologische Gesellschaft dal Sig. H. C. Weinkauff e dal
Dott. Kobelt.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. 68 to 73.

The remarks of Dr. Kobelt on Coralliophila Meyendorffit,
Mathilda quadricarinata, Mitra zonata and Buccinum fusiforme,
are paraphrased. A short abstract of Weinkauff’s article on a
little group of Pleurotome named Faphitoma, and 5 species are
named as having been described and figured by him.

Pidgeon (D.)—Notes on the Marine Gonchology of
Torbay, with list of species collected 1874-5.—A
Reprint from the Trans. Devonshire Assoc. for the Advance-
ment of Science, Literature and Art, 1875, &vo., pp. 22.

The author enumerates 209 species, of which 121 are Gas-
tropods and 88 Conchifera, while the Brachiopods do not appear
to have come under his notice.

Woods (Rey. J. E. Tenison).—On some New Species of
Tasmanian Marine Shells.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
eyorelll 1.3. 1ish7/ lS [DOH Bz We) BO), :
These species are eight in number, obtained by dredging

operations conducted by the Rey. H. D. Atkinson, in Long Bay,

D’Entrecasteaux Channel. The names are: Cardita Atkinsont,

Neera Tasmanica, Marginella minutissina, M. Allporti, M.

Tasmanica, Triforis Tasmanica, Odontostoma Tasmanica and

Lulima Tasmanica.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison).—Description of New Tas-
manian Shells.—Proc. Roy. Soc. ‘Tasmania, Nov. 1875,
pp. 134 to 162: also pp. 92 and 93.

The present paper is limited to univalves.. In introducing
the paper the author pays a just tribute to the labors of, Mr.

J.C. ii., July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875. 205

Legrand, and gives his views as to the limitations of the sub-
provinces of the Australian region and reviews the work of
previous investigators. The new species are: Pvsania Tasmanica
(D’Entrecasteaux Channel), Purpura littorinordes (Long Bay),
Trophon umbilicatus (East Coast), Z: clathratus (Bass Straits), Z.
Braziert (Long Bay), Z: Goldsteint (Long Bay), Z’ australis (Long
Bay), /usus Spiceri (King’s Island), & Legrand: (East~ Coast),
Siphonalia turrita (Long Bay), S. Clarket (D’Entrecasteaux
Channel), Cominella Tasmanica (Long Bay) Cerithiopsts Atkinsont
(Long Bay), Conus Tasmanicus, Mitra Tasmanica (Tasmania), J.
scalariformis (Long Bay), JZ. Legrand: (King’s Island), AZ. teresie
(King’s Island), JZ sczta (King’s Island), Mangelia Atkinsont
(East Coast), Clathurella philomena (East Coast), Mangelia tmma-
culata (King’s Island), JZ MWeredithie (Bass Straits), Drillia Atkin-
sont (Long Bay), Zurritella granulifera (Port Arthur), Z: acuta
(Long Bay), Zruncatella Tasmanica (Bass Straits), Zenagodus
Weldit (East Coast), Lulima micans (Long Bay), Turbonilla
Marie (King’s Island), Z. Zasmanica (King’s Island), Cithara
Tasmanica (East Coast), Syrnola bifasciata (Long Bay), Rzssoina
Gertrudis (King’s Island), 2. (Setia) Grazcert (Isthmus Bay, Bruni
Island), Cingulina australis (Badger Island), Dunkeria fasctata
(Bass Straits), Azssoa (Cingula) Marie (King’s Island), Déala
tumida (Swansea), D. tessellata (Yasmania), D. punctata (D’Entre-
casteaux Channel), Lettorina hisseytana, Natica Tasmanica (E.,
S.E. and S. Coasts), 4V. mana (Long Bay), Ruma globosa (East
Coast), Lossarina Simsont, (Long Bay, Bruni Island), Vassa Zas-
manica (North and East Coasts), Cancellerta Tasmanica (King’s
Island), Crossea labiata (Long Bay), Columbella badia (Swansea,
East Coast), C. 2oblini (East Coast, Storm Bay, &c.), C. Legrandi
_ (King’s Island), C. mznuta (Swansea, East Coast), Luchelus Tas-
manicus (Long Bay, Bruni Island and S. Coast), Gzbbula aurea
(King’s Island), Cantharidea ornata (North Coast), Liotia tas-
manica (Long Bay), Monilea rosea, Gibbula depressa (Adventure
Bay), Zezyphinus Legrandi (Chappell Island, Bass’ Straits), Z.

206 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875.

Allporti (Islands in Bass’ Straits), Clanculus Aloysit, C. philomena,
Cylichna Atkinsoni (Long Bay), Aplysia Tasmanica, Acmea mar-
morata, Patella Tasmanica (Recherche Bay and South generally),
P. Chapmant, Macroschisma Tasmanica (Yasmanian Coasts), Aurt-
cula (Rhodostoma) Dyertana (North Coast), Pecten Marie (East
Coast and Maria Island), Dostnia tmmaculata (East Coast),
Callista Victorie (Cloudy Bay, South of Bruni Island), Venerupis
reticulata (South Coast), Mjodora Tasmanica (Long Bay), J.
albida (Long Bay), Anapa Tasmanica, Pinna Tasmanica (North
Coast), Mytilicardia Tasmanica (Blackman’s Bay), MZpdilus Tas-
manicus (Storm Bay), Pythina Tasmanica (King’s Island), Teldina
Marie (South Coast), and Lucitna minima (Badger Island).

===

PALZ ONTOLOGY.

Bellardi (Prof. Aloysio)—A New Arrangement of the
Fossil Pleurotomide of Piedmont and Liguria.—
Nove Pleurotomidarum Pedemontii et Liguriz fossilium
Dispositionis Prodromus.—B. S. M. Ital. 1875,1. pp. 16 to 34.

Conrad (T. A.) —Descriptions of a New Fossil Shell

from Peru.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1875, p. 136 and
plate xxi1.

Ostrea callacta; a species of Acicula? is also figured.

Lawley (Roberto).—Notes on Fossil Shells of the Lebiaia
Valley.—Nota di Conchiglie Fossili di Vallebiaia.—Bull.
Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. pp. 32 to 34.

Six species of bivalves and 16 of univalves noticed.

Marcou (Jules).—On the Terebratula Mormonii.—Trans.
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. iii (pub. 1875), pp. 252 to 255.

The shell having also been described by Dr. B. F. Shumard
as Retzia punctulifera in 1858 (the date also of Marcou’s name,
the latter however having priority) Mr. Marcou maintains the
precedence of his name over Shumard’s by nearly 4 months.

J.C., ii., July, 1870

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875. 207

Seguenza (Prof. G.)—Paleontological Studies of the
Malacological Fauna of the pliocene sediments
deposited at great depths.—Studi paleontologici sulla
fauna malacologica dei sedimenti pliocenici depositatisi a
grandi profondita.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1.pp.99 to 124.
After a general introduction the author discusses the pliocene

formations, their limits and their partition; then of their deposition

in deep water; the deep-sea pliocene is next compared with the
littoral pliocene; and the paper concludes with an extended
bibliography of the subject.

Stearns (R. E. C.)—Descriptions of New Fossil Shells
from the Tertiary of California.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. £875, pp. 463, 464 and plate xxvil.

Opalia varicostata and O. anomala are the new species
described.

Stefani (Carlo de).—New Pliocene Mollusca from Tus-
cany.—Descrizione delle nuovespecie di Molluschi pliocenict
raccolte nei dintorni di San Miniato al Tedesco.—Bull. Soc.
Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. pp. 74 to 79 and plate.

Venus Amidet Meneghini, Cytherea subappenninica Meneghini,

Melampus Serrest Tournouer, and Rissoa Meneghiniana De Stefani,

are described and figured.

Stefani (Carlo de). —New Italian Pliocene Mollusca.—
Descrizione di nuove specie di Molluschi pliocenici Italiani. —
Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. pp. 80 to 88 and plates.

Murex Soldanit Meneghini, MZ. dumosus De Stefani, Chem-
nitzia varicosa De Stefani, Scalaria fenestrata Meneghini, Pleuro-
toma Angelonit Meneghini, P. D’Ancone De Stefani, P. Cocconit
De Stefani, Ressotna Volaterrana De Stefani, Trochus tricin.tus De
Stefani, and A7ca lineolata De Stefani, are described and figured.

208 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S., F.G.S.)\—On some
Tertiary Fossils from Table Cape.— Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tasmania, March 9, 1875, pp. 13 to 26.

After a few words onthe chief deposits of tertiary age in
Southern Australia and Northern Tasmania, is given a somewhat
lengthy list of species found; followed by a discussion of various
theories as to the formation of the Tertiary deposits. ‘The paper
concludes with diagnoses of the following new species :— Zerebra
simplex, Typhis M°Coyt, Fusus Roblint, F. gracllimus, Natica
Wintlez, VV. polita, Cyprea Archert, Triton Abboti, Crassatella
aphrodina, Voluta Weldit, Lyonsia Agnewt, Solecurtus Legrandt,
Cyprea oblonga and Venus Allport.

—= 0 =

MISCELLANEA.

Italian Malacological Society—Statutes and President’s
Opening Address.—Statuto della Societa Malacologica
Italiana—Discorso di Apertura della Societa Malacologica
Italiana letto nella Adunanza del 29 Novembre 1874, dal
Presidente Professore Guiseppe Meneghini.—Bull. Soc.
Mal. Ital. 1875, 1. pp. 7 to 15.

It is with pleasure that we notice the existence of a Mala-
cological Society in Italy. In his opening remarks Signor Mene-
ghini reviews the origin of the Society and the history of such
journals as have been founded in Italy for the advancement of
the science, and cites the names of many distinguished malacolo-
gists of Italian birth, or foreigners who have contributed to work
out the Italian fauna. He then points out the many varieties of
soil, altitude, climate and station possessed by the Peninsula, and
dilates on the biological and paleontological problems to be
solved by the malacologist. By the statutes it appears that the
annual subscription of the members is fixed at 15 lire (about 12/-
English).

Q.J.C., it, July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875. 209

Manzoni (Dottore A.)—A Proposal of Oyster-culture.—
Una proposta di ostreocultura.— Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1875,
i. pp. 89 to g2.
A proposal to establish oyster culture at certain points
on the Italian coast.

Troschel (F. H.)—The Teeth of Snails.—Das Gebiss der
Schnecken. — Zweiten Bandes; Vierte Abtheilung.— Four
plates, Berlin 1875.

SS

HELIX LAMELLATA Jerrreys NEAR REDCAR.
By (C, INSISUSORID),

Whilst searching for shells on 30th April in Wilton Wood
I found three individuals of this exquisite little shell beneath
damp dead leaves among the hyacinths and woodrush which
abound there. Associated with it were most of the smaller Zonz¢es
and Helix rotundata. Wilton Wood is four miles south of Red-
car, on the northern slope of the most northern outliers of the
Cleveland Hills.

os

AND eS HIS CON ltt Ci PAR IPO Ren Or TA dT AL
SAN, DOMINGO.

By J. S, GIBBONS, M.B.

The following, obtained in the immediate vicinity of Puerto
Plata during a two or three hours’ search, will give some indica-
tion of the great richness of this part of the island. I am
indebted to Mr. Bland for the names of some of the species.
Flelix subagutla Sh., Hl. loxodon Pfr., A. cornu-militare L., H.
inadistincta Fér., Stenogyra micra D’Orb., S. octonotdes Ad., S.
ottona Chem., Spivaxis Dunkert. Pfr., Glandina solidula Pfr.,
Pupa fallax Say, Succinea Sagra D’Orb., Melampus coffeus L..,
Choanopoma Withelmi Pfr., C. Puertoplatense Pfr., Chondropoma
Petitianum Pfr., Helicina rugosa Pfr., H. malleata Pfr., and an
undetermined species of He/icina.

ig

J.C., ii., July, 1879. G2

210 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW TASMANIAN
HELICES.

By W. F. PETTERD.

(From a Paper read before the Royal Society of Tasmania, 12th Nov., 1878.)

t. Helix Dyeri, n. sp.

Shell small, imperforate, depressedly discoid, thin, very
highly polished, finely irregularly striated with lines of growth
above and below, glassy yellow with irregular more or less
distant rays of reddish-chestnut; spire depressed, small ;
whorls 3%, flatly slanting outwards, last much distended, not
descending in front, suture faintly impressed; aperture
lunately-ovate, margins faintly approaching, joined by a rather
thick deposit of callus, columellar margin dilated, entirely
covering the perforation.

Diam., greatest 314, least 214 ; height 14 mil.

Habitat—In the thick mass of vegetation growing on the
banks of Distillery Creek, near Launceston.

Under the lens a very pretty glossy species, that cannot
possibly be mistaken for any other Tasmanian species. Its
nearest alleyis Hel¢x Velsonensis Brazier, from which it differs in
being imperforate and is more often rayed with chestnut
markings. Like the great majority of land shells it is a moist-
loving species. Extremely rare and difficult to find.

2. H. Roblini, n. sp.

Shell small, deeply and narrowly unbilicate, discoid,
white, finely, closely and regularly striated above and below,
striee abruptly terminating at the apical whorls (1% to 2),
which are distinctly spirally striate, with thread-like striz ;
spire flat; whorls 434 slowly increasing in size, last rounded ;

Q.J.C., ii., July, 1879

PETTERD: ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES, 21T

suture deeply excavate; aperture roundly lunate, not descend-
ing, margins distant, joined by an extremely thin deposit of
callus; columella not dilated.

Diam., greatest 234, least 2; height 1 mil.
Habitat— Distillery Creek, near Launceston.

Of rare occurrence, attached to the under surface of
large boulders in moist places. Easily recognised by the
sudden termination of the striz on the apical whorls and the
pure white color.

3. H, Kershawi, n. sp.

Shell small, with a deep open umbilicus, depressed,
thin, shining-brown, marked with black lines of growth, finely
striated throughout with raised riblets, the interstices of which
are strongly decussated; spire faintly sunk, often flat; suture
much impressed; whorls 4%, rather convex, last rounded,
descending slightly in front and flattened above; aperture
triangularly-ovate; margins distant, basal a little everted,
joined by a very thin polished callus.

Diam., greatest 3, least 214; height 1% mil.
Habitat— Distillery Creek, near Launceston.

I have collected a considerable number of this species
on the banks of the creek under the vegetation that. covers
the large boulders and rocks. Found in company with
Ff. neglecta Brazier and H. Halli Cox.

4. H. mimosa, n. sp.

Shell small, openly umbilicated, reddish-brown, irregu-
larly rayed and blotched with pure white, which markings
are more conspicuous above than below; regularly closely
striated throughout with slightly waved, thread-like striz; spire
flat; suture impressed; whorls 4%, convex, apical, smooth,
the last narrow, rounded, not descending, below striated as

212 PETTERD : ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES.

above and descending into the deep open, perspective umbi-
licus; aperture lunate, margins approximating, columellar
margin neither dilated nor-reflected.

Diam., greatest 2, least 114 ; height 1 mil.

Habitat—First-basin near Launceston, among mosses on
the branches and trunks of trees.

A prettily marked flat species of very constant and

distinct character. In form it resembles A. Be//z Cox, from
New South Wales.

Fat le SPleekl, ma. sp: tae

Shell perforate, turbinately-globose, thin, yellow-brown,
shining ; above obliquely striate and conspicuously decussate,
base of body whorl almost smooth and much more shining
than upper surface ; whorls 5, convex, gradually increasing
in size; spire obtusely conical, last slightly angled, not
descending in front; aperture irregularly lunate ; peristome
thin, margins distant, joined by a thin but distinct callus ;
columellar margin slightly expanded.

Diam., greatest 14 ; height 14 mil.

Habitat—South Tasmania.

I am not quite certain as to the exact locality where this
minute but very distinct form was collected. It has a general
resemblance to H. parvisstma Cox, but that species is smooth;
it cannot therefore be mistaken for that nor in fact any other
described species.

6. H. Wynyardensis, n. sp.

Shell with a narrow but deep umbilicus, convexly
depressed, rather thick, reddish-brown above and yellowish-
white beneath, dull, covered with a thin epidermis ; striated
with prominent rounded miblets ‘above and below, the
interstices with much finer striz and decussate ; spire small,
only very slightly elevated; whorls 534, moderately convex,

J.C., it, July, 1879

PETTERD : ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES. 213

suture impressed, last large and inflated ; aperture lunately-
ovate ; peristome thin; margins approximating, right some-
what depressed, columellar margin a little expanded.

Diam., greatest 11, least 9 ; height 4 mil.

Habitat

A distinct species belonging to the group of Helix
Flamiltont Cox and 7. Stephenst Cox, but differs from any
by its coloration and prominent riblets above and below.
Rare and restricted to the locality given.

Table Cape, scrubs among decaying timber.

7. H. rosacea, n. sp.

Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, rusty-brown, ind1-
stinctly rayed with darker shade, dull, irregularly somewhat
closely striated with rounded and slightly waved strie,
interstices with very fine strize; spire flat; suture impressed;
whorls 5, convex, last rounded, ‘a little descending; base
convex, ornamented with striations the same as upper surface;
umbilicus large and very open, somewhat shallow and flat
at the bottom; aperture ovately-lunate, slightly flattened
above; margins approaching ; peristome simple, acute.

Diam., greatest 6, least 5; height 2 mil.

Habitat—Rifle-butts near Launceston, in great numbers;
gregarious at the roots of Briar-bushes. (R. M. Johnston).

Closely allied to & Legrandi Cox and H. McDonaldi Cox,
but differs principally from either in its very open umbilicus
and the coloration. It is individually one of the most
abundant species I have met with in this island, it may
literally be collected by thousands at the locality given,
where it was first observed by Mr. R. M. Johnston. I have
not, strange to say, met with it elsewhere.

8. H. Jungermannie, n. sp.
Shell small, with a narrow deep umbilicus, thin, obliquely,
strongly and irregularly striated with lines of growth and

214 PETTERD: ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES.

very indistinct traces of spiral lines, brown with a bronze-like
lustre; spire moderately elevated ; apex often corroded ; whorls
4%, much rounded, last somewhat depressed; aperture
roundly-lunate; peristome simple; margins approaching,
joined by a thin callus, columellar margin faintly dilated.

Diam., greatest 3, least 2; height 114 mil.

Habitat— Cataract, near Launceston, in considerable
numbers on the rocks under masses of Jungermannia. It has
a close relation to A. sétiens Cox and H. neglecta Brazier,
but may be distinguished from the first by the want of the
regular prominent riblets and from the latter by its bronze-like
general aspect and by not having the segments of color so
persistent in that species.

9. H. Mathinnee, n. sp.

Shell steeply somewhat narrowly umbilicated, depressed,
covered with very prominent ribs, which are irregularly
plicately fringed, widely apart and often faintly irregular in
deposition and becoming almost obsolete at the apex; shin-
ing, horny, almost waxy appearance; interstices and ribs
again striated, parallel with the ribs and also faintly trans-
versely, giving the irregular crenated appearance to the base
of the ribs ; spire depressed ; suture deep; whorls 4 to 4%,
rapidly increasing, convex, last rounded, not descending in
front, base sculptured as upper surface and descending into
the deep umbilicus, which is rounded at the bottom ; inter-
costal spaces of base conspicuously decussate ; aperture
roundly-lunate ; peristome acute; columellar margin not
reflected.

Diam., greatest 61%, least 5% ; height 234 mil.

Habitat—Near First-basin, Launceston, under stones.

The most beautifully sculptured of our known Ae/ices,
and one that cannot be mistaken forany other. The nearest

J.C., ii., July, 1879

PETTERD: ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES. 275

to it is ZH curacoe Brazier, but it differs from that species by
its more elaborate ornamentation.

ro. H. Furneauxensis, n. sp.

Shell minute, narrowly umbilicate, conoid, shining,
horny, under the lens finely irregularly striated ; whorls 44,
rounded ; suture impressed ; spire a little elevated, obtuse at
the apex ; aperture almost circular ; margins closely approach-
ing ; peristome simple ; columellar margin faintly dilated.

Diam., greatest 214, height 1 mil.

Habitat—Furneaux Group and Waterhouse Island,
Bass Straits.

A minute species with some resemblance to H. Hallz
Cox, but from which it can be known by its larger size, less
elevated spire, and more open umbilicus.

11. H. Henryana, n. sp.

Shell minute, very openly, deeply umbilicated, discoidal,
light-brown, very highly polished, with very faint traces of
lines of growth; whorls 314, convex, regularly increasing in
size; suture impressed; spire slightly elevated ; aperture lunate ;
columellar margin not dilated.

Diam., greatest 114, least 1; height 34 mil.
Habitat—Domain, Hobart Town.

Of this little shell I have only seen two specimens; they
were found by my brother at the locality mentioned.
Although approaching A. Furneauxensis mihi and A. Hallz
Cox, it may be known by its depressed form and shining
smooth surface. I obtained some years ago specimens of a
shell at Circular Head, in company with AZ cesus Cox
and #. pictilis Tate, which may be of this species, but I have
not now the specimens.

216

PETTERD: ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES.

12. H. Trucanini, n. sp.

eS:

Shell perforated, depressly convex, of a deep rich brown,
shining, obliquely striate throughout with lines of growth,
many of which are distantly irregularly prominent, crossed
by fine minute, spiral striae, giving the shell under the lens
a granular appearance; whorls 4, convex, impressed at the
suture ; apex obtuse and rounded, descending very little in
front ; periphery rounded ; base convex, sculptured same as
upper surface ; perforation small and deep ; mouth lunately
rounded ;: lip thin, acute; margins distant, joined by a thin,
smooth, polished callus; columellar margin dilated and almost
concealing the perforation.

Diam., greatest 214, least 2 ; height 134 mil.

Habitat — Near First-basin, Launceston. Gregarious
among mosses in the branches and on trunks of trees ; also
more sparingly on rocks overgrown by moss.

Although allied to & neglecta Brazier and A. Junger-
manni@ mihi, it is nevertheless very distinct by its smaller
size, different color, and the umbilicus is small and almost
concealed.

H. Lottah, n. sp.

Shell openly umbilicated, depressed, discoid, translucent,
thin, white, scarcely shining; regularly, rather coarsely ribbed
throughout, interstices with extremely fine strice; spire flat;
suture moderately impressed; whorls 43, slightly convex,
apical (2}) quite smooth, last rounded, not descending in
front; below, with striz as above, running into the somewhat
shallow, open umbilicus, which is flattened at the bottom;
aperture lunate ; peristome simple, thin.

Diam., greatest 234, least 2; height 1 mil.

Habitat—Cataract Hill, near Launceston, on the under
surface of large boulders.

J.C., ii., July, 1879

14.

PETTERD : ON SOME NEW TASMANIAN HELICES. Pity

A pure white species allied to H Robiint mihi, but that
species is finely striated throughout and its umbilicus is not
nearly so open. To A. Bassi Brazier, it is so closely related
that it may possibly be but a variety, but it is much smaller,
has a much less shallow umbilicus and the riblets are coarser
than in its larger congener. All three are of the same habits,
found on the under surface of boulders, generally in rather
dry situations, and all are of extreme rarity.

H, Barrenensls, n. sp.

Shell small, discoid, thin, regularly,- somewhat closely
ribbed; under the lens the interstices strongly decussate ;
embryonal whorl smooth, horny brown; spire much sub-
merged gradually; whorls 54, last rounded, base with ribs as
above, umbilicus widely open, shallow, freely exposing the
whorls; aperture vertical, semilunar, faintly flattened above;
peristome simple.

Diam., greatest 2, least 134; height 1 mil.
Habitat— Furneaux Group, Bass Straits. (Mr. R. M.
Johnston).

Invariably in clusters, gregarious in shallow depressions
on the sand hillocks. Closely allied to & “rata Cox, from
New South Wales.

Hobart Town, Tasmania,

December r4th, 7578.

0a 9

218 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY..,

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

iS) 7 9r

46th Meeting—June 1I2th.

Held at the Society’s room, Leopold Square, Leeds.
Mr. B.Holgate, F.G.S., in the chair.

DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
The following were announced and thanks voted to the donors :—
Synonymy of and remarks upon Tasmanian and other Shells,
with their Geographical distribution, by John Brazier, 1876.
[The Author.

Die geographische Verbreitung der Binnen-mollusken, by Dr.
W. Kobelt, 1876. [The Author.

DONATION TO THE COLLECTIONS.
The following was announced and thanks voted to the donor :—
Clausilia bidens, from the Coliseum, Rome.
[Mr. John Emmet.
NEW MEMBER.
Mr. J. D. Butterell of Hull was proposed as a new member.

HELIX CONCINNA.

Mr. W. D. Roesuck exhibited a number of shells collected
in different parts of Yorkshire, including He/¢x concinna, from St.
Mary’s, York. This species has frequently been erroneously
recorded for various Yorkshire localities, but has not been
thoroughly well known by collectors in general. The specimen
was identified by Mr. John W. Taylor.

IGes i, July, 1879

PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 219

FRENCH SHELLS.

A letter from Mr. Roperr ScHarrr of Bordeaux to Mr.
Taylor, in which various interesting records of French shells were
given, including Helix revelata Fér. (Hf. occidentalis Recluz) at
Braune on the Dordogne river, also Unio ltttoralts Cuv., and U.
Reguient Mich., along with Physa acuta, Limnea peregra and
FPlanorbis leucostoma from the river ; also Bulimus tridens Brug.,
from near Bordeaux.

ALGERIAN SHELLS.

Mr. Joun W. Taytor exhibited a number of shells collected
by Mr. J. H. Ponsonby during his recent tour in Algeria, nearly
the whole of the Hedsces are characterised by the massive chalky-
white appearance peculiar to arid situations. The collection
included Helix cariosula Mich., Oran, 4. candidissima Drap.,
Algiers, HZ. depressula Parr., Oran, A. alabastrites Mich., Oran,
(also its variety guenguefasciata—= Hf. soluta Ziegl., Oran), Z.
hieroglyphicula Mich., Oran, 4. subrostrata Fér., St. Denis, Z.
submaritima Drap., Algiers, A. pyramidata Drap., Algiers, Z.
apicina Lam., Algiers, H. acompsia Bourg., Algiers, H. amanda
Rossm., Algiers, . /enticula Fér., Algiers.

" NEW SPECIES.

Mr. JoHn W. Taytor exhibited various new species of
Amphipeplea and Physa from New Guinea and Tasmania, descrip-
tions of which it is his intention to read at the next meeting.

——+-6-¢—___

DISCOVERY OF D/PLOMPHALUS IN TASMANIA.
By W. F. PETTERD.

A species of this interesting genus has recently been dis-
covered in this island. It resembles D. Megec Lambert, from
New Caledonia, but is much smaller.

~—+-_===0900009sa

220 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NOTE ON COCHLICOPA TRIDENS (PULTENEY).
By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

Some modification would appear to be advisable in the
description of the typical form of this species as understood by
English authors, and the alteration suggested will be the more
desirable as it will bring our apprehension of the species into
harmony with that of our continental brethren.

The shell is perhaps better known on the continent by C.
Pfeiffer’s name of MMenkeanus, but the name ¢ridens bestowed by
Pulteney was long anterior and should be retained.

I have not had the opportunity of consulting Pulteney’s
original description, but am inclined to believe that it will not be
found to have been compiled with that precision and exactitude
that is now desirable.

Dr. Jeffreys in his ‘British Conchology,’ vol. i., page 290,
describes with care and minutenessthe armature ofthe aperture both
as usually existing and as occasionally found, and enumerates one
varlation—crystallina Dupuy—and further remarks that “a variety
(the Azeca Nouletiana of Dupuy) has been found by Boissy in
the Pyrenees.”

Tt would appear from this that Dr. Jeffreys at the time of
the publication of his valuable work was unaware that the variety
of C. ¢ridens described by Dupuy as Wouletiana was really the
prevailing British form. The figures on pl. xvili. vol. v. would
appear as though intended to represent the variety Vouletiana
and not the type as understood in this paper.

Lovell Reeve in ‘British Land and Freshwater Mollusks’
describes and figures the species, but hardly in a satisfactory
manner.

Prof. R. Tate in his little work ‘British Mollusks,’ published
by Hardwicke, does not give a formal description but says “the

J.C., ii., July 1879

TAYLOR : ON COCHLICOPA TRIDENS. 221

aperture is furnished with folds or teeth of which there are usually
three ;” the fig. on pl. ix., though rough, represents the type shell
as understood on the continent and in this note.

I would propose if accordant in other respects with the usual
diagnosis that the specimens conforming to the following descrip-
ion of the armature of the aperture be considered as the type:—

Aperture obliquely pyriform, a very strong fold on the penulti-
mate whorl, its crest sometimes notched, a small denticle close to
the fold and nearer the outer lip, a sinuous lamella on the columella
notched at the termination close to the margin, and two denticles
on the outer lip, one marginal and central, the inferior more
remote from the margin and nearer the columella.

In England this form is not very corhmon, and I know of very
few localities where it may be found: Ilkley, Yorkshire; Dorridge,
Warwickshire, &c.

Var. Nouletiana Dupuy. Shell rather larger and thinner, a
single denticle only on outer lip, peristome thinner.

This is our common English form. Jeffreys and Reeve are
dubious as to its occurrence in Scotland. Mr. Alfred Brown of
Glasgow however informs me that he has found it at the Bridge of
Allan, Perthshire, thus establishing it as a Scotch species.

Var. Alzenensis St. Simon. Outer lip bearing two deeply-
seated denticles in addition to those described in the typical form.

Found at Dorridge, &c., Warwickshire.

Monstr. sinistrorsa. Shell reversed.

A specimen of this form has been found by Mr. J. Emmet
of Boston Spa and is in that gentleman’s collection.

Var. crystallina Dupuy. Shell greenish-white.

Generally found associated with specimens of the ordinary
color, but sparingly.

Leeds, June roth, 1870.

—>-—2. +e

222 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1)S°7 16%

LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA.

Adami (Giov. Battista).—List of Mollusks of Sassari in
Sardinia.— Molluschi dei dintorni di Sassari in Sardegna.—
Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, il. pp. 219 to 222.

Of Ayalina 4 species, Helix 22, Buliminus 2, Stenogyra 1,
Cionella 2, Pupa 3, Clausilia 1, Succinea 1, Carychium 1, Limnea
4, Planorbis 1, Ancylus 1, Cyclostoma 2, Bithynia 2, Neritina 1
and Pistdium 1 species are named.

Belgian Malacological Society.—Recent and Fossil
Shells collected near Angre.—Rapport sur l’excursion
annuelle de la Société Malacologique (17 Septembre 1876)
par A. Rutot.—Bull. des Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg. 1876,
pp. Ixx. to Ixxv.

The recent species obtained included an Oleacina, a Cecilt-
anella, a Succinea, a Pupa, 5 Helices,a Balta,a Claustlia and a
Limax. Of fossils M. Vincent recognized 29 species of Z7zfon,
Murex, Fusus, Pleurotoma, Natica, Solartum, Turritella, Calyptrea,
Bulla, Panopea, Pholodomya, Tellina, Cytherea, Cyprina, Car-
dium, Isocardia, Nucula, Cucullea, Modiola, Pinna, Pecten and
Ostrea. ;

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Description of 14 New Species
of Shells from Australia and the Solomon Islands.
—Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales 1875, 1. pp. 1 to 9.

The new species are /elzx (Dorcasta) Blackalit, Queensland,
H. (Thalassia) Gayndahensis, Queensland, 4. (Hadra) Bayensis,

J.C. i., July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 223

Queensland, A. (Corasia) Wisemant, Solomon Archipelago,
Bulimus (Lumecostylus) Macfarlandi, Solomon Archipelago,
Flelicina ( Trochatella) Sophie, Solomon Islands, Pupina Macleayt,
Queensland, P. Angast, New Guinea, Epzdromus Bednalli, South
Australia, Cyprea Sophia, Solomon Archipelago, Conus (Rhizo-
conus) Sophie, Solomon Archipelago, Cass¢s (Casmaria) Thomsont,
off Sydney Heads, Bythinza hyalina, New South Wales.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Descriptions of 8 Species of
Australian and Tasmanian Land and Freshwater
Shells.—Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales 1875, i. pp. 17 to 20.
These are Helix (Hadra) rufofasciata, South Australia, Z.

(Z7.) Cookensis, Northeast Coast, HZ (Rhytida) Langleyana, Tas-

mania, 7. (Charopa) Nupera, King George’s Sound, Pua

(Vertigo) Rossttert, New South Wales, Amnicola Petterdiana,

Tasmania, A. Simsoniana, ‘Tasmania, LPlanorbis meridionalis,

Tasmania.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Description of 2 New Species
of Australian Land Shells. — Proc. Lin. Soc. New S.
Wales, 1876, 1. p- 97.
ffelix (Hadra) Tomsont and H. (H.) Hannz, both from

Queensland.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Description of a New Pupina
collected during the Chevert Expedition.—Proc. Lin.
Soc. New S. Wales, 1876, i. pp. 136, 137.
Pupina nitida, Barrow Island, Northeast Australia, near P.
ventrosa Dohrn.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z:S.)—Synonymy of and remarks
upon Tasmanian and other Shells, with their
Geographical Distribution.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
1876, pp. 168 to 172.

The synonymy of 17 species is given.

224 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 18760.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Descriptions of 835 New Species
of Land Shells from New Guinea, Australia, and
Islands in Torres Straits, collected during the
Chevert Expedition.— Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales, 1876,

Th, JO}, @yS) 160) 10 e

Flelix (khytida) Beddomet, N. Australia, H. (R.) James, N.E.
Australia, 7. (2.) Hobsoni, N.E. Australia, HZ. (Thalassia) annulus,
New Guinea, //. (7.) Sappho, New Guinea, 1. (Discus) Lomontz,
New Guinea, “4. (Conulus) Maino, New Guinea, H. (C.)
Reedet, Torres Strait, A (C.) Darnleyensis, Torres Strait,
HT, (C.) Barnardensis, N. E. Aust., A. (C.) LVepeanensis, Torres
Strait, A. (C.) Starket, New Guinea, 4. (Patula) Spalding, N.
Australia and Torres Straits, A. (C.2) Forti, N. Australia, Z.
(C.?) Grenvillec, N.E. Australia, LZ. (Ochthephila) D’ Albertist, New
Guinea, 4. (Hadra) Falmensis, N. E. Aust., H. (Geotrochus)
Vulensis, New Guinea, H. (G.) Strabo, New Guinea, H. (G.)
Siculus, New Guinea, A. (G.) Braziere, New Guinea, H (G.)
Zeno, New Guinea, Bulimus Macleayz, New Guinea, Tornatellina
Masterst, Torres Strait, Z. Grenvillez, N. E. Australia and Cape
York, Z. Petterdi, Torres Straits, Z: terrestris, New Guinea, 7:
Lucharis, N.E. Aust., Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayz, Torres Straits,
Pupina Crosset, N.E. Australia, Pupinella Crosse’, New Guinea,
LFlelicina Coxeni, New Guinea, H. Macleayz, N.E. Australia, A.
Maino, New Guinea, Cyclophoris (Ditropis) Beddomet, N. Australia.
The localities here cited, Torres Straits, &c., refer to islands situ-
ated therein. ‘

Brusina (Spiridion).— Additions to the Monograph of
Dalmatian and Croatian Campyleece.—Aggiunte alla
Monografia delle Campyleea della Dalmazia e Croazia.—Bull.
Soc ValiitalerS7ioniiens stoma:

The monograph appeared in the Ann. Soc. Malac. Belg.,
tome IV. ‘The additions are C. s/enomphala Menke, C. denudata
Rossm., C. insolida Ziegl., C. pretexta Parreyss, C. zmberbis nov.
sp., C. lucescens Kutschig, C. rusting Stossich, and C. crinita
Sandri.

J.C, u., July, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY. OF 1876. 225°

Clessin (S.)—Helix tenuilabris still living in South:
Bavaria.—Helix fenuilabris Braun, in Stidbayern lebend
vorhanden. —Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., May 1876,
vill. pp. 67, 68.

Clessin (S.)—Note on Helix ammonis Schmidt, from
Upper Italy.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April
1876, vill. p. 56.

Clessin (S.)—Observations on the German species of
Planorbis.—Bemerkungen tiber die deutschen Arten des
Genus Planorbis Guett.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges. 1876, iii.

Pp 262) to} 2715).
Planorbis vorticulus Trosch. and charteus Held. ; P. vortex L.;
P. contortus L. and dispar West.; are the subjects of this notice.

Colbeau (Emile).—List of Land and Freshwater Mol-
lusca of Walcourt in Belgium.—Mollusques terrestres
et fluviatiles vivants du Canton de Walcourt.—Bull. des
Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg. 1876, pp. Ixiii to Ixvil.

The canton is situated in the drainage basin of the river
Sambre. The list includes 1 Avion, 2 Limax, 4 Succinea, 1
Zonttes, 12 Helix, 2 Bulimus, 3 Claustlia, 2 Pupa, 2 Flanorobts,
1 Physa, 4 Limnea, 2 Ancylus, 1 Bythinia, 1 Neritina, 1 Anodonta,
2 Unio, 2 Pistdium and 1 Cyclas.

Dybowski (W.)—Gastropod-Fauna of Lake Baikal. —
Die Gasteropoden-Fauna des Baikal-Sees. — Mém. de l’ac.
imp. des Sciences de St. Pétersb. VII. Série, tome XXII. No. 8,
73 pages and 8 plates, 4to.—Reviewed by Dr. E. von Martens,
Jahrb. d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April 1876, i. pp. 181 to 184;
also: by W. He Dall, Proc, Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. 1376, ax
pp. 43 to 47.

In the original paper M. Dybowski treats of a number of new
and interesting forms from Lake Baikal, and proposes several new

genera and subgenera, viz.:—<eneditia, for a new species, B.

J.C., ii., August, 1879, ; H1

‘220. ~ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Sragilis: anew genus Limnorea, with two new subgenera, Leuwcosia
(for four new and one previously named species) and Ligea (eight
new species).

Prof. E.. von Martens in his review points out that several
of the new generic names have been preoccupied in Zoology, and
in accordance with this view renames Zimnorea as Baitcalia,
Leucosta as Liobaicahia and Ligea as Trachybaicalia. Myr. Dall in
his subsequent criticisms amends the spelling of Martens’ new
genera so as to read Bazkalia and Liobatkalia, and supresses the
Trachybaikalia, regarding the species of this as the typical form
of Batkalia. We regards the whole assemblage of species as part
of the old genus Z7yyonza Stimpson, and regards Bazkalia and
Liobatkalia as merely subgenera of it; adding another subgenus
of his own creation, Dydowskia, the type of which is Zigea ciliata
Dybowski.

Gaucher (Elie).—Shells from Schaffhausen and Con-
stance.—Bull. des Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg. 1876, p. Ixxvi.

Twelve species of Helix, a Bulimus, 3 of Clausilia,.a Pupa
and a Limnea.

Heimburg (H. von).—Molluscan Fauna of East Holstein.
—Mollusken-Fauna von Ost-Holstein.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges. Nov. 1876, vill. pp. 133 to 135.

One Limax, 2 Hyalina, 4 Helix, 4 Pupa, 1 Clausilia, 2
Limnea, t Planorbis,1 Paludina, 1 Neritina, 3 FPistdium and 1
Dreissena enumerated as additional to the fauna, which consists
~ of g slugs, 64 land shells and 56 fluviatile species—in all 129
species.

Issel (Prof. Arturo).—Banded Limneeas and Pearl-bear-
ing Anodons in a Piedmontese Lake.— Delle Limnee
‘ ornate di fascie e delle Anodonte perlifere trovate nel Lago
d’Alice in Piemonte.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, 1. pp. 50

HO) 52s

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 227

This very productive lake yields distinctly-banded examples
of Z. palustris Muller. In less abundance occur specimens of Z.
auricularia Drap., var. ventricosa Hartmann, with pale bands on
the last whorl. Prof. Issel also possesses fasciated examples of
L. peregra Mill., from the Maritime Alps. Another singularity
of the lake is the occurrence of a peculiar form of Anodonta
cygnea L., and of A. variabilis Drap., bearing pearls. These
concretions are described, and their formation accounted for by
the irritation produced in the Anodons by certain larvee which
abound in the lake.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Conchological Miscellanies.—Concholo-
gische Miscellen.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April 1876, iil.
pp. 149 to 154 and plate 5.
Flelix Caffra var. Wesseliana v. Maltz., A. Amalie var.,

Auricula Reiniana, new species from Nipon, Clauszlia ducalts,

n. sp. from Nipon, C. Reszzana var., are noticed.

Kobelt (Dr.. W.)—Conchological Miscellanies (continua-
tion).—Conchologische Miscellen (Fortsetzung). — Jahrb.
Deuts. Mal. Ges. July 1876, 11. pp. 275 to 278 and plate 8.
Helix Senckenbergiana var. (Japan); Clausilia Nipponensis

(Japan); JZelanta Reintana (Japan); and Zomocyclus Gealet

Crosse and Fischer (Chiapas, Mexico), are described and figured.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—On the Italian Fauna.—Zur Fauna
Italiens.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1876, ui. p. 344.

The present article deals with the Upper Italian Campylee:
and treats successively of the group of He/zx cingu/ata and that of
Hi. frigida Jan.

Lefevre (Th.) — Excursions Malacologiques a Valenci-
ennes, Soissons et Paris (Septembre 1876).—Bull. des
Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg. 1876, pp. Ixxxv. to xcvill.

228 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

At Valenciennes was noted the Museum of Natural History,
at Soissons the collection Watelet, excursions were made to
Laversine and Cceuvres, to Vanbuin, the Museum of Soissons was
inspected and also the collection of Dr. Bezancon.

Liardet (E. A.)—On the Land Shells of Taviuni, Fiji
Islands, with descriptions of New Species.—P.ZS.,
1876, pp. 99 to ror.

The land shells of ‘Taviuni are mostly small and inconspicuous
and inhabit the coast-lands.

Considering the moist temperature, dense vegetation and
mountainous character of the island, the scarcity of species is
surprising. ‘They mostly locate under logs and stones, seldom
exposing themselves to ght.

The numerous small coast-land shells are common to most
of the islands, and doubtless are frequently transported from one
island to another, and though they may occasionally be destroyed
by a subsidence of the land, they no doubt. are speedily
reintroduced.

Coral indications show that this island has been submerged
up to 500 feet, and it is at about this height that the truly
indigenous fauna of the island begins to be found, which consists
of a moderately large Helzx (f casca) and a Bulimus. Some
Helicine are also rarely to be found. Partula lirata frequent the
underside of the leaves of Draczena and Dilo trees near the coast.
Pupine are found mostly under decayed logs at 500 feet and
upwards.

Eleven species are described as new, viz. :—

Nanina? taviuniensis (Pl. v., f. 1, 1a, b) Taviuni and
Gamia, Fiji. om”

Nanina? vitrinina (Pl. v., f. 2, 2a). Under logs in moist
situations.

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 229

Nanina? Ramsayt (Pl. v., f. 3). Taviuni; allied to WV?
vitrinina. ‘Animal red; a protuberance on the back rests
against the shell anteriorly. It progresses by raising its head,
extending the body and placing the posterior part of the foot
down in the form of an arch, lands its body gradually from the
head; and this arch thus appears to recede until the caudal
extremity is reached.” Its mucus is of a brick-red color, resem-
bling Vitrina Strangec of Australia.

Flelix Princed (Pl. v., f. 4, 4a). Taviuni; a very small,
depressed, dark brown, prominently costated species, with a wide
and perspective umbilicus and round aperture, resembling some
of the Australian /elzces.

Flelix Pinnocki (P\. v., f. 5, 5a). Taviuni.

Helix Barkast (Pl. v., f. 6). Taviuni.

Flelix Clay? (Pl.v., f. 7). Vaviuni.

Lamellaria perforata (Pl. v., f. 8, 8a). Taviuni; found
imbedded in the bark of dead logs. ‘The animal has the tips of
the eye pedicels bulbous.

Diplommatina Taviensis (Pl. v., f£ 9, 9a). Animal with two
tentacles, short and cylindrical, with an active arched motion as
in Afelicina, eyes situated at inner base of tentacles.

Lagocheilus hispidus (Pl. v., f. 10, 10a). Gamia, Fiji; rare.

Omphalotropis vitiensts (Pl. v., f. 11, 11a). Islets off Taviuni.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—-On some Japanese Land Snails.
—Ueber einige japanische Landschnecken.—Jahrb. Deuts.
Mal. Ges., Oct. 1876, il. pp. 357 to 363.

Numerous species of Helix, Pseudohyalina, Celopoma, Pupina
and C/ausilia are noticed, and the following described as new :—

Clausilia platydera, C. interlamellaris and C. validiuscula.

Martens (Dr. Ed. yon).—Some New Greek Snails.—Einige
neue griechische Schnecken.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct.
1876, iil. 338 to 343 and plate rz.

230 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

ffelix distans Blanc MS., Corfu, A Dirphica Blane MsS.,
M. Delphi, & Chalcidica Blanc MS., Chalcis, Clausilia Blanct,
Beeotia, C. Zhebana Blanc MS., Thebes, C. osculans, Attica, and
C. messenica, Messina, are described and figured.

Martens (Prof. Ed. von).—Landsnails from Costa Rica
and Guatemala.—Landschnecken aus Costarica und
Guatemala.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., July 1876, il. pp. 253
to 291 and plate 9.

Cyclotus bisinuatus Mart., C. Quitensis Pfr., var. Costaricensts
Mart., Glandina Sowerbyana Pfr. var. &., Helix Costaricensis
Roth., A triplicata Mart., Bulimus tripictus Albers, Bulimiulus
Jonast Pfr., B. Costaricensis Ptr., B. attenuatus Pfr., B. fidustus
Reeve, are noticed particularly, while Aelzcena anozona and
Cylindrella (Gongylostoma) polygyrella are described and figured
as new and a list of 32 other species is given.

Martens (Prof. Ed. von).—Shells from the Comores
islands.—Conchylien von den Comoren.—Jahrb. Deuts.
Mal. Ges., July 1876, ili. 250 to 253.

Cyclostoma Hildebrandti, Ennea quadridentata and £. Comor-
ensts are described and figured as new. The names of 12 other
species are given and the article concludes with a list of 17 species
after Morelet.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—Central Asian Mollusca,—Binnen-
Mollusken von Chiwa.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1876,

lll. pp. 334 to 337.

Buliminus Oxianus is described as new, also a .variety,
Oxiana of Cyrena (Corbicula) fluminalis; and 7 species of Helix,
Pupa, Hydrobia, Neritina, Dreissena, Anodonta and Cardium are
cited, all collected in the vicinity of the Caspian and Oxus.

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. Bai

Martens (Dr. E. von).—A New Transcaucasian Clausilia.
—KEine neue transcaucasische Clausilie.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., July £876, vill. pp. go, gr.

Clausilia acrolepta, collected by Oscar Schneider on Mount

Schaw Nabedeli (7—8000’) between Mount Abul and the Jabizhuvi

Lake in the upper valley of the Kur, Russian Armenia.

Martens (Dr. Edward von).—Transcaucasian Mollusca
collected by Dr. O. Schneider.— Transkaukasische
Mollusken von Dr. O. Schneider gesammelt, bestimmt von
E. von Martens. — Jahrb. Deuts. “Mal. Gesr Oct: 1876, lil.

Pp- 364 to 370.

A list including 8 species Ayalina, 2 Patula, 21 Helix
(various. subgenera), 13 Bulimus (ditto), 4 Vertigo, 9 Clausilia
(various subgenera), 1 Czonella, 1 Cectlianella, 2 Succinea, 3
Linnea, 2 Planorbis, 1 Cyclostoma, 1 Cyclotus, 1 Paludina, 1
fydrobia, 1 Valvata, 1 Nerttina, 1 Dreissena, 2 Cardium,
Adacna, 1 Corbicula and 1 fisidium, besides varieties. Three
are described as new, viz.:—Bulimus (Pupilla) interrupta Reivh.,
Vertigo (Lsthmia) clavella Reinh., and Clausilia acrolepta.

Meyer (F.)—List of Shells of Metz district.—Zur Fauna
von Elsass-Lothringen. II. Die Fauna von Metz. (Schluss).
—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April 1876, vill. pp. 51
to 56.

This paper completes the list of Metz shells. It includes 5
Limnea, 1 Amphipeplea, 2 Physa, 9 Flanorbis, 2 Ancylus, 1
Pomatias, 1 Cyclostoma, 1 Paludina, 1 LBythinia, 1 Paludinella,
2 Valvata, 1 Neritina, 3 Unto, 5 Anodonta, 4 Cyelas, 2 Pistdium
and 1 Zzchogonta.

Meyer (F.)— Catalogue of Land and Freshwater Mol-
lusca of Alsace.—Hagenmiillers Verzeichniss der Land-
und Siisswasser-Mollusken des Elsasses.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., Sep. and Oct. 1876, vill. pp. 104 to 106 and
113 to 123. :

232 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Nine species of Avion, 1 Krynickia, 3 Limax, 3 Vitrina, 4
Succinea, 8 Zonttes, 28 Helix, 4 Bulimus, 1 Achatina, 1 Ferussacia,
10 Claustlia, 11 Pupa, 7 Vertigo, 1 Carychtum, 11 Planorbts, 3
Physa, 7 Limnea, 2 Ancylus, 1 Cyclostoma, 1 Acme, 1 Pomatias,
2 Bythinia, 2 Paludina, 3 Valvata, 1 Nertta, 5 Anodonta, 5 Unio, 6
Pisidium, 2 Cyclas and 1 Dreissena enumerated, besides numerous
varieties.

Mazyck (W. G.)—On the Occurrence of Helix terrestris
* Chemnitz, in North America.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad.
1876, pp. 127 and 128 and woodcut.

Found at Charleston, South Carolina.

Pantanelli (Dott. Dante).—Catalogue of Land and Flu-
viatile Mollusca of the Basin of Marroggia (Spoleto,
Italy).—Catalogo dei Molluschi terrestri e fluviatili del
Bacino del Marroggia (Spoleto).—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876,

li. pp. 233 to 240.

After a short geological introduction, are enumerated 3
Hyalina, 21 Helix, 3 Buliminus, 3 Cionella, 1 Stenogyra, 5 Pupa,
1 Vertigo, 3 Clausilia, 1 Succinea, 1 Carychium, 4 Limnea, 2
Planorbis, 1 Ancylus, 1 Cyclostoma, 1 Paludina, 2 Lythinia, 1 Unto
(long note on this), and 1 Psedium.

Pini (Napoleone). — Catalogue of Land and Freshwater
Mollusca of the territory of Esino, Lombardy.—
Molluschi terrestri e d’acqua dolce viventi nel territorio d’
Esino.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, 11. 67 to 205 and 2 colored
plates.

A lengthy and elaborately worked out list. The territory of
Esino is situated in the middle and eastern portion of the province
of Como. Theauthor cites along list of works consulted by him
when preparing this paper, and defines his district. Adopting
Albers’ arrangement as the most natural, the author enumerates

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OE 1876. 233

and describes 5 species of Lizmax, 1 Lehmannta, 1 Amalia, 5
Vitrina, 8 Hyalina, 2 Arion, 20 Helix, 3 Buliminus, 2 Cionella,
1 Balia, 10 Clausilia, 7 Pupa, 6 Vertigo, 3 Succinea, 1 Carychium,
6 Limnea, 1 Physa, 2 Planorbts, 1 Ancylus, 1 Cyclostoma,
1 Pomatias, 1 Acme, 2 Valvata, 2 Paludina, 1 Bythinia, 1 Hydrobia,
1 Weritina, 2 Spherium, 1 Pistdium, 2 Unto and 1 Anodonta. In
addition to these species Signor Pini describes a large number of
varieties and mutations, many forthe first ttme. One new species
Pisidium Sordellianum is also brought forward. A list of anomalies
and monstrosities and a résumé of the species, varieties and
mutations cited, end the monograph. ‘The two plates represent
various new forms of Lzmax.

Ramsay (E. Pierson, F.L.S.)—Shells from New Ireland
and Duke of York Island.—Short note in a paper on a
Collection of Birds from those islands, with some remarks on
the Zoology of the Group.—Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales

TOG, Th Ds AIP ae
Several land shells noticed.

-Ressmann (Dr. S.)—Malacological Fauna of St. Georgen
am Langsee.— Malakologische Fauna der grafl. Egger’schen
Herrschaft St. Georgen am Langsee. — Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., July 1876, vil. pp. 87 to go.

A locality list including 3 species Vitrina, 7 Hyalina, x
Zonites, 27 Helix, 3 Bulimus, 3 Ctonella, 8 Pupa, 5 Vertigo, 12
Clausilia, 1 Balia,1 Carychium,1 Acme, 1 Pomatias, 3 Succinea,
* 6 Limnea, 1 Physa, 5 Planorbis, 2 Ancylus, 1 Paludina, 1 Bythinia,
1 Aydrobia, 2° Valvata, 2 Anodonta, 1 Cyclas and 1 Pisidium.

Ressmann (Dr. F.)—The Fauna of the Kanalthal in
Austria.—Die Fauna des Kanalthales.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., Noy. 1876, viil. pp. 129 to 133.

234 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

The valley is in Carinthia. Three species of Vitvina, 6
Flyalina, 2 Zonites,25 Helix,2 Bidimus, 1 Cionella, 8 Pupa, 16
Clausilia, 1 Carychium, 2 Pomatias, 1 Succinea, 1 Limnea, 1
Fiydrobia and 1 Paludinella are enumerated.

Roffiaen (Hector). — Mollusca collected near Ghent,
Belgium.—Bull. des Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg. 1876, p. xlix.

The list includes 1 Bythinia, 2 Zonites, 5 Helix, 1 Cecilianella,
1 Clausilia, 1 Pupa, 1 Carychium, 1 Limnea, 2 Physa, 4 Planorbts,
1 Cyclas and 1 Unio.
Strobel (Pellegrino).—Land and Freshwater Mollusca of
the Argentine Republic.— Material per una malacostatica
di terra e d’acqua dolce dell’ Argentinia meridionale.—Pisa,
1876, 8vo, sheets 7 to Io, pp. x1x.-lxxx. and 1 plate.
The plate includes Zzmax Argentinus, Hyalina Argentiniana,
Felix Cuyana, Bulimulus Cordillere, B. Mendozanus and Steno-
gyra Martens.

Schepmann (M. M.)-— Planorbis vorticulus Troschel.—
Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Sep. 1876, vill. 107.

Schepmann (M. M.)—Helix Mograbina mor and dege-
nerans Mouss. — Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Nov.
1876, vill. 135, 1306.

Westerlund (C. A.)—Planorbis centrogyratus.— Nach-
richtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., May 1876, vill. 76, 77.

A short note.

Westerlund (Dr. C. Ag.)—New Siberian Mollusca.—-Neue
Binnenmollusken aus Sibirien.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. °
Mal. Ges., Sep. 1876, vill. 97 to 104.

Limax hyperboreus, Physa (Aplexa) hy pamrein L. var. polaris,
Physa (Lstdora?) sibtrica, Planorbis infraliratus, Valvata sibirica
Midd. restit. Westerl., VY. aliena, Spherium levinodis, S. nitidum
Clessin, Calyculina lacustris Mill. var. septentrionalis Clessin,
Pisidium Nordenskibldi Cless., P. Sibiricum Cless., P. boreale

J.C, 1., August, 1879

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 235

Cless., P. mucronatum Cless., are all described as new from
specimens collected in the basin of the Jenissei river.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S., F.G.S..\—On a New
Species of Ampullaria.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas. 1876,p. 117.

A, Tasmanica, Tasmania.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S., F.G.S.\—On a New

Reversed fasmanian Helix.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania

1876, pp. 160, 161.

flelix Weldit.

> oS + ae
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

DREDGING IN THE HARDANGER FIorD.—This, one of the
most beautiful and interesting of the Norwegian fiords, is intended
to be the scene of the dredging operations of two of our most
distinguished conchologists. ‘The Rev. A. Merle Norman, M.A,,
and Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., propose spending the ensuing
month of August in its investigation, and the results will no
doubt be commensurate with those obtained by the same gentle-
men in the Bergen fiords, as published in the present volume.

—~<—_

GENUS PLANORBELLA Gabb.—On reference to the biblio-
graphy at p. 149 of the present volume the reader will notice that
the late W. M. Gabb proposed a new Pteropod genus of the family
Limacinide, under this name. ‘The name, however, has been
previously applied by Haldeman to a subgenus of Planorbis of
which P. corpulentus is the type.

YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION EXHIBITION AT LEEDS.—
A most successful exhibition was recently held in connection with
the Annual Meeting of the Union. The limited space placed at
the disposal of the conchological department precluded a very
extensive display of shells, but the main feature was Mr. Nelson’s
exceptionally fine collection of Zemnaide, other objects of great
interest being collections of various kinds shown by Messrs.

Scharff, Taylor, Wilcock, &c.
SEES

236 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS OBSERVED IN
THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF REDCAR.

By C. ASHFORD.

The following list is the result of personal observation during
the unfavorable months of March, April and May of this year and
must be considered very imperfect. It should be noted that from
- the peculiar position of Redcar on a protuberance of the coast, a
radius with that town for its extremity would sweep not much
more than one-third of a circle of land—a fact likely to affect in
no slight degree the number of occurring species. The following
were found within four miles of Redcar :—

Sphzerium corneum L. Ponds, Coatham Marshes.

Pisidium fontinale Drap. Extremely abundant in Meg-
gitt’s Ponds, Kirkleatham; Wilton Wood.

P, fontinale var. pulchella. Occasionally with the last
in Meggitt’s Ponds. _

P. pusillum Gmel. In same ponds, sparingly.

P. pusillum var. obtusalis. Three examples from one of
Meggitt’s Ponds.

Bythinia tentaculata L. Beck between Redcar and
Marske. |

Planorbis nautileus L. Abundant on Lemna minor ina
pond on Coatham Marshes. The usual ridges” imperfectly
developed.

Physa hypnorum L. Coatham Marshes; grassy ditch
by the old railway, small but deeply colored.

P. fontinalis L. Coatham .Marshes; Brickfields Pond.
Plentiful.

Limnzea peregra Miill. In many dykes and ponds,
abundant and very variable.

J.C., ii., August, 1879

ASHFORD: LIST OF REDCAR L. & F. W. SHELLS. 237

Limneea peregra var. ovata. In one pond on Coatham
Marshes are fine, very thin examples closely approaching this
variety and connecting it with var. acuminata.

L. peregra var. labiosa. In one small dyke leading
to the main drain across Coatham Marshes there is a general
tendency to what I take’ to be this variety. The last whorl at
the usual termination of its circuit suddenly and considerably
expands, after the manner of the peak of a huntsman’s cap.
The peculiarity is most pronounced at the lower end of this dyke,
gradually disappearing 200 yards higher up where the normal
form only is found.

L. truncatula Mill. Kirkleatham ; Coatham Marshes.

Ancylus fluviatilis Mill. Occurs sparingly in West Dyke.

‘Arion ater L.

ehorccnsisnkce tan three occur frequently in and
‘sy : round the town.
Limax agrestis L.

Succinea putris L. Pond and ditch sides beyond
Redcar battery ; Coatham Marshes, common but small and rather
thick. :

Vitrina pellucida Mill. On the Sandhills from Tees’
mouth to Saltburn.

Zonites cellarius Mull. Under stones in many places:
Brickfields, Race Course, &c.

Z. alliarius Miller. Coatham Whin, Wilton Wood and
Yearby Wood.

Z. nitidulus Drap. Roadside Redcar to Marske, Coatham
to Kirkleatham, &c.

Z. purus Alder. Coatham Whin, Yearby Wood, Wilton
Wood and Yearby Bank.

Z. purus var. margaritacea. ‘Two or three very pretty
specimens occurred in Wilton Wood. |

238 ASHFORD : LIST OF REDCAR L. & F. W. SHELLS.

Z. radiatulus Alder. Wilton Wood, sparingly.

Z. crystallinus Miill. Copses, green lane to Kirkleatham;
Wilton and Yearby Woods, &c.

Z. fulvus Mill. Wilton and Yearby Woods ; Coatham
Whin, associated with cvystaliinus and purus.

Helix lamellata Jeff. Wilton Wood, under dead leaves.
This new locality supplies another link between Scarborough and
Scotland. Mr. J. W. Watson reports it in Airy Holme Wood
near Roseberry Topping, and Mr. Sutton quotes three localities
in Durham and Northumberland. On the other hand Mr.
Whitwham has found it near Huddersfield, thus extending its ~
range southwards. For the encouragement of those who have
searched long and fruitlessly among holly leaves for this pretty
little gem, I may state as my experience that though I have taken
dozens I never once met with it among the leaves of that tree,
but chiefly under those of the beech and oak and sometimes at
the roots of Bryum and other mosses in moist parts of woods.

H. aculeata Mull. Yearby and Wilton Woods. Occurs
sparingly. ;
H. aspersa Miill. Especially partial to the Sandhills but

not confined to them. I could not find the dwarf form so often
occurring near the sea.

H. nemoralis L. Occurs on the whole range of Sandhills
from Marske to mouth of Tees. In one hollow I counted among
drifted dead shells 23 varieties of color and markings in three
square yards. I met with no instances of var. horfensis, nor can
Mr. J. W. Watson report it in the district.

H. hispida L. Extremely abundant on the Sandhills, par-
ticularly between Redcar and Marske; less common throughout
the neighborhood.

H. fusca Mont. Wilton Wood (vide / C, ii. 128).

J.C. ii., August, 1879

ASHFORD: LIST OF REDCAR L. & F. W. SHELLS. 239

H. virgata Da Costa. Sandhills. Most abundant west of
Coatham.
H.caperata Mont. Sandhills; most abundant F. of Redcar.

H. caperata var. ornata. One specimen on Coatham
Sandhills.

H. ericetorum Miill. With last two species but much less
common.

H. rotundata Mull. Wilton and Yearby Woods: common.

H. pulchella Mull. Common on the Sandhills between
Redcar and Marske.

H. pulchella var. costata. With the last but less common.
Pupa umbilicata Drap. Sandhills E. of Redcar.

P. marginata Drap. Extremely abundant from Redcar to
Marske, and occurs more sparingly from Redcar to Tees’ mouth,
Dead shells, beautifully cleared of their contents by insects, are
drifted by the wind from the vegetation above into the smooth
combes of the sand banks where they may be gathered ,by
thousands, many in beautiful cabinet condition, I examined
carefully with a lens for var. dzg7anata, but my patience failed at
the 4ooth with only one incipient case to repay.

Vertigo pygmeea Drap. East of Redcar; Wilton Wood,
very sparingly.

V. edentula Drap. Not uncommon in Wilton Wood.

Cochlicopa lubrica Mill. Common on the Sandhills; also

in Wilton and Yearby Woods, situations strongly contrasted.
Specimens from the woods are clearer and more glossy.

C. lubrica var. lubricoides. Two specimens occurred
among the ordinary form on the sandhills.

Carychium minimum Mill. Under decayed timber in
Coatham Whin; Yearby and Wilton Woods, common.

240 ASHFORD: LIST OF REDCAR Ll. & F. W. SHELLS.

By extending the radius to ten miles so as to include
Roseberry Topping, Guisborough, Ayton, Middlesborough, &c.,
but no part of co. Durham, the preceding list may be supplemented
by 25 additional species on the authority of Mr. J. W. Watson of
Redcar, and three others (marked W. C. H.) on the authority of
the Rev. W. C. Hey of Guisborough.

Spherium lacustre Mill. Round Stokesley and Ayton.
Pisidium fontinale var. cinerea. A running stream near
Guisboro’. A batch of the fine series from this stream, some of
them measuring 5% mil. in breadth, comprised the individuals
referred to by the Rev. L. Jenyns in Ann. Nat. Hist., Aug. 1858.
P. amnicum Mill. Generally distributed in streams near
Roseberry.
Anodonta cygnea L. Near Ayton.
Neritina fluviatilis L. Ballast hills near Middlesborough
(alien? C. A.)
_ Valvata cristata Miill. Ditches; Great Ayton.
- Planorbis glaber Jeff. Ponds near Ayton. ,

P. spirorbis Mill.

Py vores: | These four species occur inseveral
P, complanatus L. | waters near Roseberry.

P. contortus L. J

Limnea stagnalis L. Near Stockton-on-Tees.

L. palustris Miill. (decollated). Guisborough (W. C. H.)
L. glabra Miill. Ponds near Ayton.

Ancylus lacustris L. Ponds near Ayton.

Helix nemoralis var. hybrida. Coatham and Hutton
Rudby.

H. rufescens Penn. Near Guisboro’, Stokesley, Ayton, &c.

H. pygmeea Drap. Near Guisboro’, Stokesley, Ayton, &c.
Bulimus obscurus Mill. Airy Holme Wood.

J.C., ii., August, 1879

ASHFORD : LIST OF REDCAR L. & F. W. SHELLS. 241

Pupa ringens Jeff. Airy Holme Wood.

Vertigo substriata Jeff. Guisborough Woods ; not rare
(W. C. HL)

V. pusilla Mill. Guisborough, very scarce (W. C. H.)

Balia perversa Z. Airy Holme Wood.

Clausilia rugosa Dvrap. Near Guisborough, “Ayton,
Stokesley, &c.
C. laminata dont. Round Roseberry, but not common.

Gochlicopa tridens Put, Airy Holme Wood.

Achatina acicula dfi//. Among wreck cast up by the
river Tees (alien? C. A.)

Acme lineata Drap. Airy Holme Wood; not uncommon
some years back. (I have specimens from this wood in my cabinet
kindly presented to me by Mr. Watson in 1853, C.A.)

Airy Holme Wood, situate midway between the village of
Gt. Ayton and Roseberry Topping, perhaps 4ooft. above sea level,
and once so rich in good shells, has of late been sadly cut up. Mr.
Watson writes me—‘“TIts glories as a conchological locality are I
am sorry to say a thing of the past. The Whinstone Trap Dyke
crosses the lower end of the wood, and quarrying for the
stone has destroyed all its beauties, and,it is to be feared has
exterminated some of the rarer species.”

+

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

EXPLORING EXPEDITIONS..—We are happy to see various
expeditions are or have been set on foot by the smaller European
nations. A’small Dutch expedition in £878 in the ‘ Willem
Barentz” made a cruise in the Spitzbergen Seas preparatory to a
more ambitious attempt in 1879. For three seasons the Nor-
wegians have organized—under the charge of Dr. Mohn and Dr.
Sars-——expeditions for exploring the depths of the sea between

J.C., ii., August, 1879, H2

242 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Norway, the Faroes, Iceland and Spitzbergen. Finally, Professor
Nordenskjold has successfully prosecuted his bold researches in
the seas to the north of Siberia, effecting for the first time the

north-east passage.

THE AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.—Our readers will
learn with surprise that the Legislatures both of the United States
and of some of the States have begun to display illiberal feelings
with respect to the admirable geological surveys of the various
States and Territories. The Legislatures of Georgia and North
Carolina have actually suspended their surveys, and that of
Pennsylvania very nearly followed in their track; while the Federal
Congress, failing to appreciate the value of Hayden’s well-known
Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, have dis-
continued the appropriations for that and two other surveys,
replacing them by a single survey under the charge of Mr. Clarence
King. This virtual dismissal of Prof. Hayden places a stigma on
the Congress which failed to appreciate his labors which will not
be easy to remove. ‘The excellent nature of the zoological work
performed by these surveys gives us a claim to express our opinion
on the subject.

MusrEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
—The report for 1877-78 is prepared by Mr. Chas. E. Hamlin,
whose own special work was the identification of the marine
Lamellibranchiata. The lamented death of Mr. Anthony, who
had for some years paid special attention to the land and fresh-
water shells, necessitated the reporting upon his work by Mr.
Hamlin. A large amount of labor has apparently been expended

upon the various malacological collections.

J.C. ii. August, 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, 243

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

owes

47th Meeting—uJuly Slst.
Held at the Society’s room, Leopold Square, Leeds.
Mr. B. Holgate, F.G.S., in the chair.
DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
The following were announced and thanks voted to the donors :—
Illustrirtes Conchylienbuch, herausgegeben von Dr. W. Kobelt,
vierte, funfte und sechste lieferungen. [The Author,
Synopsis novorum generum, specierum et varietatum mollus-
corum viventium testaceorum anno 1877 promulgatorum (exclusis
generibus Heliceorum, Auriculaceorum et pneumonopomorum)
collegit Dr. W. Kobelt, 1878. [The Author.
The Mollusca of the Fiords near Bergen, Norway, by Rev.
A. M. Norman, M.A. (reprinted from the Journal of Conchology,

1879). [Mr. J. W. Taylor.
NEW MEMBER.

Mr. J. Darker Butterell of Hull was elected a member of the

Society.
DONATION TO THE COLLECTIONS.

Cochlicopa tridens vy. Nouletiana Dupuy.

C. tridens vy. crystallina Dupuy.
Both from Ilkley, Yorks. [Mr. J. W. Taylor.

COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED. j

Mr. Joun W. TayLor communicated a letter which he had
received from Mr. CHARLES ASHFORD of Yarmouth, Isle of Wight,
inquiring as to the conditions of membership ; also urging upon
the Society the formation of a collection of variations, which
should ultimately supply the much-felt need of a visible authority

244 PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND.

for the named varieties: and that it should aim at procuring
examples of every known variety of our home species, so as
eventually to accumulate a series which any conchologist might
find worthy of a special journey to consult. -

Mr. Joun W. Taytor read a letter from Mr. RoBERT
ScHarFF of Bordeaux announcing the discovery of a Pupa new
to France, the Ppa claustialis of Gredler, and a variety new to
science, just described by Dr. Bottger, Pupa Strobelt var. Schaz fii.

SUCCINEA OBLONGA Drap.

Mr. Joun W. Tayvtor exhibited on behalf of Mr. RoBpert M.
Curisty of Brighton a specimen of this shell, found, apparently
fossil, in the alluvium near the city of York, being the only
specimen known to have occurred in that district.

This led to a lively discussion, in which the CHaiRMAN and
Mr. THomas W. BELL joined. The question at issue was whether
the shell shown was a dead recent one ora fossil. The decision
was eventually in favor of its fossil origin.

PAPERS READ.

“Description of Amphipeplea Petterdi, nov. sp., from New
Guinea.”— By William Nelson.

“ Descriptions of Three New Species of Pysa from Queens-
land.” —By William Nelson and John W. Taylor.

The species described are P. Brisbanica, P. Beddomei, and
P. fusiformis.

“Description of Helex Petterd:, nov. sp. from Tasmania.”—

By John W. ‘Taylor.
EXHIBITS.

A large number of shells collected about Oulton, Lotherton,
Towton, Thorp Arch and Tadcaster were exhibited by Mr. Wm.
DENISON ROEBUCK and distributed amongst the members.

Mr. Joun W. Taytor showed a number of shells from Ask-
ham Bog near York, including Planorbis lineatus and Valvata
cristata, specimens of which were distributed amongst the

members present.
0

J.C., ii., August, 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 245

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

dike) 0m Sye

MARINE CONCHOLOGY.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—A List of the FPleurotomidze
Collected during the Chevert Expedition, with
descriptions of the New Species.—Proc. Lin. Soc. New
South Wales, 1876, 1. pp. 151 to 162.

Fifty-six species are enumerated in this paper, the stations
and depths at which each species was obtained being carefully
given.

Seven new species are described, viz.:—Dv/lia Masterst,
New Guinea 8 f., D. Spalding?, Torres Straits 11—30 f.,
Clathurella Darnleyi, Torres Straits 20 f, C. Ramsay, New
Guinea 4 f., C. Barnard, N. E. Australia, C. Macleayt, N. E.
Australia, &c., 430 f., C. tricolor, N. E. Australia.

Seventy-five species in all were obtained in the course of the
expedition, some of them being new, but as single specimens only
were In many cases obtained their description has been deferred
until more specimens are collected.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Continuation of the Mollusca
of the Chevert Expedition, with New Species. —Proe.

Lin. Soc. New S. Wales, 1876, 1. pp. 283 to 301.

The author enumerates (synonymy and distribution being
given) 14 species of Ludima, 1 Letostraca, 1 Stilifer, 1 Architec-
tonica, 4 Torinia, 1 Conus, 2 Coronaxis, 6 Lithoconus, 1 Rhizoconus,
7 Chelyconus, 2 Cylinder, 3 Hermes, 1 Strombus (s.g. Monodactylus),
5 Gallinula, 3 Canarium, 2 Plerocera, 1 Terebellum, 16 Cyprea,
8 Trivia, 2 Pustularia, 5 Amphiperas and 1 Volva.

246 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

The species described as new are Lulima nitens and E.
amabilts.

The localities are all off New Guinea, the Islands in Torres
Straits and the coast of North and Northeast Australia.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Notes on Leevicardium Beechei.
—Proc. Lin. Soc. New 8. Wales, 1876, 1. pp. 306 and 307.
Numerous localities cited—Sooloo Sea; Corean Archipelago;

N. E. Australia; Torres Straits; New Caledonia, &c. Description

given.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.).—— Shells Collected during the
Chevert Expedition.—Proc. Lin. Soc. NewS. Wales, 1876,
ib, [P)4 Bw wor Bei
Five species of Cancellaria (and its s. g. Zrigonostoma), 2

Trichotropts, 21 Cerithitum, 5 Vertagus, 2 Triphorts (and s. g. Zno),

1 Pyrasus, 1 Telescopium, 2 Certthidea and 1 Ffirenella are

enumerated, of which the following are described as new:—

Trichotropis tricarinata, T: gractlenta, Certthium abbreviatum,

C. bicanaliferum and C. minimum. All the localities are in New

Guinea, Torres Strait and N. E. Australia.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Continuation of the Mollusca
‘of the Chevert Expedition. — Proc. Lin. Soc. NewS.
Wales, 1876, 1. pp. 362 to 368.

The anthor enumerates 8 Zz¢forina (including s. g. Tectarius),

2 Planaxis, t Quoyt, 20 Rissotna (many unnamed), and 2 unnamed

Alvania. ‘Yhe new species are Réssotna efficata, R. teres, R.

pulchella, R. tnermtis, R. cardinalis and R. tnconspicua. Localities

same as all other “‘Chevert” species.

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 247

Brugnone (l’Ab. G.)—On Chemniizia pusilla and C. tere-
bellum.—Osservazioni sulle Chemnitzia pusilla e Chemnitzia
terebellum, P%z/,—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, ii. pp. 210 to 215
and tav. C. fig. 1, 2.

The results of the author’s observations are that the Chem-
nitzia pusilla of Philippi is not that of Jeffreys and Hornes, but
another form near Odostomia Jactea L., and that the species of
those two authors ought to be re-named; also that C. ¢evebellum of
Philippi differs from C. pusz//a of the same author and has affinity
with Odostomia (Pyrgulina) indistincta Mont.

Higgins (Rev. Henry H., M.A.) and Marrat (F. P.)—West
Indian Mollusca (Argo Expedition).— Mollusca of the
Argo Expedition to the West Indies, 1876. — Liverpool
Museum Report, No. 1, 19 pp. and 1 plate.
Lists of mollusca collected at various points on the voyage,

given as materials for future investigators.

Madeira (4 univalves) ; Antigua (31 univalvesand 19 bivalves) ;
Barbuda (30 univalves and 4 bivalves); St. Kitt’s (2 freshwater
and 4 land shells); Dominica (17 univalves, 2 bivalves and 6 land
shells); St. Vincent (27 univalves and 2 bivalves); Grenada (1
Murex, n. sp.); Trinidad (1 univalve, 3 freshwater and 2 land
shells); La Guayra (12 univalves and i bivalve); Venezuela (1
Bulimus); Caracas (3 land shells); Puerto Cabello (10 univalves
and 3 bivalves); Tucacas (42 univalves and 30 bivalves); Santa
Marta (28 univalves and ro bivalves); Point Savanilla (15 univalves
and 2 bivalves); Cartagena (1 S¢vombus); Havana (21 univalves,
to bivalves and 4 land shells); Vera Cruz (19 univalves and 2
bivalves); Nassau (68 univalves and 17 bivalves); Long Key
Island (31 univalves and 3 bivalves); Athol Island (16 univalves
and 1 bivalve); and Abaco (63 univalves, 3 land shells and 16
bivalves). Two new species are described and figured: Scozsza
Barbudensts (Barbuda) and Murex (Chicoreus) imbricatus
(Grenada).

248 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 18706.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Contributions to the Arctic Fauna.—
Beitrage zur arctischen Fauna.— Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges.,
April 1876, ii. pp. 165 to 180 and 2 plates.

Sipho gracilis and its allies; S. glaber Verkruzen; Buccinum

Finmarkianum Verk.; B. parvulum Verk.; Bela Kobeltt Verk. ;

and Sela gigas Verk., are described and figured.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Contributions to the Arctic Fauna
(concluded).—Beitrage zur arctischen Fauna (Schluss).—
jjalrb. Deuts, Mal Ges, Oct) 18765 1) pp.3 70 tay seamed
plates 3, 4.

Scalaria Lovent A. Adams, Admete undatocostata Verkruzen, -
and WVatica (Bulbus) flava Gould, are figured.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Catalogue of the Genus Ranella.—
Catalog der Gattung Ranella Lamarck.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal.
Ges:, Oct. 1876, ill. pp. 323 to 334.

Seven species of Apollon (Montfort), 53 of Aanella Lam.
(em.) 5 of Lupleura Stimpson, and 2 species of dubious affinities.

Martens (Prof. Ed. von).—Some West African Shells.—
Ueber einige Conchylien aus Westafrika.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal.
Ges. July 1876, il. pp. 236 to 249 and plate 9.

Ranella levigata Lam., Xenophora crispa Konig var., Vassa
limata Chemn. var. conferta, Micra scrobiculata Brocchi? Vatica
lemniscata Philippi-Chemn., Lecten Philippit Recluz, Cardium
vitellinum Reeve, Lucina sp. and Wassa seméstriata Brocchi var.

recidiva axe particularly noticed.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—Short Geographica! Notes.—
Kleine geographische Bemerkungen. — Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges. May 1876, vill. pp. 68 to 72.

The first note relates to Cuming’s Caracas, the second to

J-C., ii.. August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 249

Conus omaicus, the third to C. LVussatella, the fourth to C
Genuanus, the fifth to Werzia Feloronta, the sixth to Rumph and
Schynvoet, and the seventh to various islands named Elizabeth.

Paulucci (Marchesa Marianna).—Critical Observations on
the Species of the Genus Struthiolaria.—Osservazioni
critiche sopra le specie del.Genere Struthiolaria, Lamarck. —
Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, 1. pp. 223 to 232.

Schacko (G.)—Dentition of Struthiolaria.—UVeber die Zun-
genbewaffnung der Gattung Struthiolaria.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal.
Ges., Oct. 1876, i. pp. 317 to 323 and plate i.

S. costulata Smith, S. mirabilis and S. crenata are noticed.

Seguenza (Prof. G.)\—Some Mollusks of the Sea of
NMessina.-— Dr alcuni molluschi del Mare di Messina.—Bull.
Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, 11. pp. 62 to 65.

A list of 45 gastropoda, 3r lamellibranchiata, and 6 brachi-
opoda.

Semper (Otto).—On the genus Conopleura Hinds. —
Hinige Worte mit Beziehung auf Conopleura Hinds.—Jahrb.
Deuts. Mal. Ges. April 1876, i. pp. 161 to 164.

Tapparone Caneiri (Cav. Cesare).—On some new or badly
known Marine Shells from the Mauritius.—Intorno
ad alcuni specie di TVestace1 Marini mal conosciute 0 nuove
del? Isola Maurizio.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, ii. pp. 241
to 244.
Murex (Chicoreus) fenestratus Chemn., Pisania luctuosa, n. sp.,

Tritonium pachychetlos, n. sp., Z. mauritianum, n. sp., and Ranella

faulucciana, n. sp., are described.

Vest (W. von).—On Adacna. Monodacna and Didacna
and allied forms.—Ueber Adacna, Monodacna und
verwandte Formen.— Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1876, iii.
pp. 289 to 317 and plate ro.

250 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

A new genus, Donacicardium, is instituted for the reception
of Cardinm donaciforme Schroet., from Philippines and Celebes;
and C. australiense Reeve, Didacna trigonoides Pallas (the Caspian
Sea), D. crassa Eichw., Afonodacna caspia Eichw., M. pseudocardia
Desh., JZ. colorata Eichw., MZ. edentula Pallas, Adacna plicata
Eichw., 4. vitrea Eichw., A. feviuscula Eichw., are noticed, all
from the neighborhood of the Caspian Sea and Pontus.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S.)—On some Tasmanian

Patellidee.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1876, pp. 43 to 58.

A description of the anatomy and physiology of some Tas-
manian Patellide, especially of Patella limbata Philippi, P. ustulata
Reeve, Acmea costata Sow., A. septiformis Quoy and Gaim., A.
Flammea Quoy and Gaim., A. crucis, n. sp., A. marmorata Woods,
Siphonaria denticulata Quoy and Gaim., and S. Dzemenensis Quoy
and Gaim.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S..—On a New Genus of
Nudibranchiata.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1876, p. 28.
The name is A//portia, and the genus is erected for the

reception of a new species, 4. expansa, Tasmania.

Woods (Rev. J]. E. Tenison).—On some New Tasmanian
Marine Shells.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1876, pp. 131

to 159.

Murex (Pteronotus) zonatus, Trophon assist, Ranella epitrema,
Mitra Franciscana, Mitra granatina, Marginella stantslas, Conus
Carmeli, Columbella Xavierana, Columbella miltostoma, Ancillarta
marginata, Cominella tenutcostata, Purpura propingua, Pleurotoma
Philipineri, Drillia incrusta, D. minuta, D. Weldiana, Mangelia
St. Galle, M. De Salesiit, Daphnella Tasmanica, DB. VATIX,
Siphonalia castanea, S. pulchra, Cerithiopsis albosutura, Turritella

J.C., ii., August, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 251

Tasmanica, Dentalium Tasmantensis, D. Weldiana, Phasianella
pulchella, Turbo (Lunella) Simsont, Carinidea Tasmanica, Gibbula
multicarinata, G. dolorosa, G. Weldii, Margarita (Minolia)
Tasmantea, Clanculus Dominicana, C. Raphaeli, C. angelz,
Diloma australis, Monilea turbinata, Ethalia Tasmanica, Adeorbis
picta, Cyclostrema Josephi, C. micra, C. Weldit, C. susonts, C,
spinosa, C. tmmaculata, Liotta incerta, Fossarus Tasmanicus, F:
bulimotdes, Scissurella Atkinsont, Parthenia Tasmantca, Adclts
tristriata, Syrnola Michaeli, Elusa bifasciata, Turbonilla Mace.
leayana, Styloptygma Tasmanica, Stylifer Tasmanica, Rissoa
(Alvanta?) chetlostoma, R. Agnewt, R. cyclostoma and var. rosea, R.
(Setia) stenne, R. melanura, R. (Cingula) Atkinsont, R. angelt,
R. (Ceratia) Maccoyi, Rissoina Flindersti, R. St. Clare, R.
concatenata, Duala tessellata, Tornatina maria, Ampullarina
minuta, Acmea Fetterdi, A. alba, Tugalia Tasmanica, Nucula
minula, Limopsis cancellata, Mytilus latus Lam. nov. var.? JZ.
crassus, Diplodonta Tasmanica, Semele Warburtoni, Gouldia
Tasmanica, Kellta Atkinsont, Gasterochena Tasmanica, are de-
scribed as new.

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S.)—Observations on the

Genus Risella.—Proc. Lin. Soc. N. S. Wales 1876, i. pp.

242 to 249.

Nine species have been regarded as belonging to this genus,
which Mr. Woods reduces in number, regarding 2. /ufea as a
sexual variety of 7. plana Quoy, and R. melanostoma, R. aurata
and &. nana as sexual or accidental varieties.

252 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

NOTES ON CHE SPECIES OF THEY GENUS SCUGs
IW IIOGAR A SIMINGI, IZaS.

Much confusion exists respecting the nomenclature of the
few species contained in this genus and it will be my endeavor
in the present paper to rectify it as completely as possible. In
this I am considerably aided in having in the Museum the actual
specimens upon which Blainville wrote his treatise in the ‘Bulletin
des Sciences de la Société philomatique,’ and also those mono-
graphed by A. Adams in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological
Society,’ and figured by Sowerby in the ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum’
and ‘Conchologia Iconica.’ Besides these I have examined a
good series of animals preserved in spirits.

The mistakes respecting the names of the species commenced
with Montfort, who unnecessarily altered fatella ambigua of
Chemnitz to Scwtus antipodes. Probably the fact of placing the
species in a new genus was to him sufficient reason for renaming it.

Blainville next adds to the list of errors by referring a
Patella elongata to Chemnitz. I presume he had in his mind
that authors P. ambigua, which however according to my judg-
ment is a distinct species from that described by Blainville, but
is the same as that named FP. drevculus by the latter author
in the above-named paper. The name e/ongafa had moreover
been already employed for a fossil species by Lamarck, who in
his ‘Animaux sans Vertébres,’ 1822, changed Blainville’s name
(elongatus) to australts. ‘This however was quite unnecessary, as
Donovan in ‘Rees’ Encyclopedia,’ 1820, had already well figured
this species under the name of Pade/la anatina.

Gray, perceiving that Sowerby in his genera figured a shell
under the name of Emarginula breviculus, which indeed was not
the true species described by Blainville under that name, gives to

J.C., ii., August, 1879

SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 253

that shell the name of Pavmophorus elegans (‘Annals of Philosophy’
1825) not perceiving that it was merely a variety of the old
Linnean Fadella unguts. Quoy and Gaimard next pursue the
erroneous course. Inthe first place they figure a very uncommon
broad form of the abundant /Parmophorus australis as a typical
example, and secondly create two unnecessary so-called species,
the one (7. convexus) being the ordinary form of Patella australis
anatinus Donovan, and the other (7. zmbvicatus) a variety of P.
Ungues.

Reeve in his ‘Conchologia Systematica’ figures a shell under
the name of Farmophorus corrugatus which likewise is only
another form of P. Uneuls.

A. Adams in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’
1851, In a monograph of this genus reprinted in the ‘Annals and
Magazine of Natural History,’ besides giving very confused
syhonymy of the species, describes one very inadequately as
Scutus angustatus, also in my opinion merely a broad form of
the Linnean species, having a subcentral apex. Healso attributed
a Parmophorus tumidiis to Quoy and Gaimard, who never char-
acterized the species under that name but as P. convexus.

Under Scutus unguis L. he includes three species—r, P.
unguis proper; 2 /. amiligua Chemnitz =P. antipodes Mont, ;
3, L. australis Lam.=f. elongatus Blainv.

Under Scutus elongatus Lam., a fossil species, he places the
Eimarginula elongata of Sowerby’s ‘Genera,’ which is a totally
distinct shell, being in fact the Scutus anatinus.

The monograph by the same author in Sowerby’s ‘Thesaurus
Conchyliorum’ is replete with misconceptions. His idea of
P. breviculus Blainv. and P. wnguis L. are utterly erroneous.
The shell he figures under the former name is P. wweu7s var. =
angustatus A. Ad., and that under the latter is the broadish form
of Scutus anatinus, as is also the specimen represented by figure
ro on the same plate.

254 SMITH: ON THE GENUS SCUTUS.

He places together P. elongatus Lam., P. levis Blainv.,
and his own Scutus angustatus, remarking that the species is
‘also known fossil.” Here is one chain of mistakes. The P.
elongatus of Lamarck is the same species as P. /ev?s of Blainyille,
is only found in the fossil state and is quite distinct from any
recent one. Scutus angustatus too isa totally different species
from that figured (.S. anatinus), being as above stated only a
variety of S. wzguzs. Figure 21 on plate xiv. is said to represent
elongatus Lam., whilst in reality only a form of the Linnean species
is delineated.

Sowerby in the ‘Conchologia Iconica’ has to a great extent
copied the errors of the Thesaurus’ monograph. His notion of
S. unguis and JS. breviculus corresponds with that of A. Adams.
He however correctly ascribes P. e/ongatus to Blainville, but
unfortunately locates P. australis Lam., P. levis Bl. and Scutus
angustatus A. Ad. among the synonymy. The first is the same
as Blainville’s species, but the two others are totally distinct; the
one being a fossil, the equivalent of Lamarck’s P. elongata as
already stated, and the latter a variety of P. wnguzs.

In repeating A. Adams’s error of ascribing a P. tumidus to
Quoy and Gaimard, the confusion is varied by Sowerby in
considering it the same as dvevzculus Bl., whilst A. Adams was
of opinion that the latter might be a questionable variety of the
former. They are however totally distinct shells.

The animal of Scztus was first described by Blainville in the
‘Bulletin des Sciences par la Société philomatique de Paris’ 1817.
He there described two specimens from the collection of the
British Museum which are stillin a fair state of preservation. MM.
Quoy and Gaimard in the ‘Voyage de l’Astrolabe’ give further
anatomical details. The only additional information published
respecting the animal consists of the description of the dentition
of S. anatinus (= Parmophorus Australis) by J. Hogg in the
‘Trans. Royal Microscopical Society,’ and also that of Scutus

J.C., ii., August, 1879

SMITH: ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 255

unguts (== corrugatus Reeve) by Tapparone-Canefri in the ‘ Mala-
cologia del Viaggio della Magenta.’ According to Hogg’s figures
the odontophore has a broad central tooth with four much
narrower ones on each side of it, and adjacent to these are the
pleuree, the innermost one being strong with two stout terminal
denticles of which the inner is much the more formidable. The
rest of them are very fine in comparison and hooked at the ends.
Although the same detail is indifferently portrayed in the ‘ Astro-
labe,’ pl. 69, f. 10, yet MM. Quoy and Gaimard assert in the
text, vol. 11, p. 317, ‘f crochets sur sept rangées.”

I myself have examined the odontophores of several
specimens of Scutus unguts, S. ambiguus and S. anatinus, and
with the exception of size I can perceive no appreciable differ-
- ences. I therefore conclude that the figure given by Tapparone-
Canefri is not quite accurate which represents the arrangement
thus : central tooth very large, with seven smaller ones on each
side which gradually lessen in size outwardly ; beyond these a
very strong pointed prong-like tooth, and again without this a
border of a fringe-like aspect.

The color of the animal in this genus is generally black or
nearly so, but is subject to variation. Dr. Tapparone-Canefri
describes a Japanese specimen of Scutus unguis (var. corrugatus
Reeve) as white with the sides of the foot blotched with black.
Another from the Red Sea, which I believe most probably belongs
to the same species, is said by Riippel to be black above with the
foot grey beneath. Another in the British Museum from Zanzibar is
of a uniform pinkish-buff tinge, and a second also in the
museum and likewise of this species is of a whitish or yellowish
color blotched with dark grey upon the mantle and sides of the
foot which is uniform buff below.

What specific importance to attach to these differences of
color it is difficult to determine, for as is well known alcoholic
specimens of mollusca give but a faint idea of the splendid colors

256 SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS.

of the living creatures. Besides the black pigment which stains
the mantle and foot of this genus is easily removed and a white
tissue beneath presents itself. How much of this coloring may
have been removed in the above-mentioned exarnples we do not
know, and it is quite possible that when living ali may have had
a completely sombre exterior.

A LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES. —
1764—unguis L. (Patella) =Scutus unguis.
1795—ambiguus Chem. (faze//a)=S. ambiguus.
1810—antipodes Montfort (Scwtus) = S. ambiguus.
1817—elongatus Blain. (Parmophorus) =§. anatinus.
1817—breviculus Blain. (Parmophorus)=S. ambiguus.
1817—granulatus Blain. (Parmophorus)=S. unguis.
1820—anatinus Donovan (Pa¢ella)— S. anatinus.
1822—australis Lam. (Parmophorus) =. anatinus.
1825—elegans Gray (Parmophorus)=S. unguis.
1834—convexus Quoy & Gaim. (Parmophorus) =S. anatinus.
1834—imbricatus Quoy & Gaim. (Parmophorus) =S, unguis.
1842—corrugatus Reeve (Parmophorus)=S. unguis.
185 1—angustatus A. Ad. (Scwtus) =S. unguis.
1851—Ruppeli Phil. (Permophorus) =S. unguis.
1851—emarginatus Phil. (Parmophorus)=S. unguis.

Species known to me only by brief descriptions :—
1825—fissurella Blain. (Parmophorus).
182s—sinensis Blain. (Parmophoris).
1825—fragilis Blain. (Parmophorus).
1837—gibbosus Anton (Parmophorus).

J.C., ii., August, 1879

SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 257

Shells described as Parmophorus and Scutus but belonging
to other genera :—
1835—patelloideus Cantraine (Parmophorus) is a Tylodina.
1842—intermedius Reeve (Parvmophorus) is a Tugalia.
1874—abnormis Nevill, is the dorsal plate of a Pholas.*

I. Scutus anatinus Donovan.
a. Typical form. Shell elongate, narrow.

Patella anatina Donovan. Rees’ Encyclopedia, 1820, v.,
Natural History Plates—Conchology, pl. xvi.

Parmophorus -elongatus Blainv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom.,
Ton DNs) Dict Sela Naty xxxvlle pyrsoi ec Mialacol:,
pl. 48, f. 2-2a.

Emarginula elongata Sow. Gen. rec. foss. Shells, f. 1.

Scutus elongatus A. Ad. Sowerby’s Thes., ii., pl. 248, f. 1-2.
Sowerby’s Con. Icon., xvii, pl. 1, f. ra—b.

S. unguis A. Ad., part (non L.) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 221.

Parmophorus australis Lam. An. s. Vert, ed. I., 1822, vi,
Rawr Ik, (Oy 65 Gch JDL Wk, joy Gyo, Cunmiers Ikeane
Anim., ed. Deshayes, pl. 65, f 1—1a. Chenu, Manuel
dle COME 14 1: 278, ib Goon, Ieee, Coacla, Sists, jolk
139, f. 2-3. Hogg, Trans. Microscop. Soc. 1868, xvi.,
pl 12, f. 57 (dentition). |

P. convexus Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrolabe, ili, p. 322,
pl. lxix., f. 5-16.

Scutus tumidus A. Ad. (non Quoy and Gaim.) P.Z.S., 1851,
p. 222 (part).

6. var. Shell proportionally broader.

Patella unguis Schumacher, part (non L.) Syst. Vers. Test.,

pl. xxi, f. a—b.

* This valve was described and figured by Walch in ‘ Der Naturforscher’
1779, Stuck 30, p. 86, pl. 3, f. 15, under the name of Scutum dacicum.

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879. 11

258 SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS.

Parmophorus australis Quoy and Gaim., l.c., il, p. 321,
pl. 69, f. 1—4.

Scutus elongatus A. Ad. in Sow. Thes., ii., pl. 249, f. ro.
Sow. Con. Icon., xvil., pl. 2, f, rd.

S. unguis Sow. (non L.) Con. Icon. f., 5b (? 5a).

Habitat—Western Harbour (Quoy & Gaim.) Port Jackson,
Sydney (Angas & Brit. Mus.)

Var. King George’s Sound (Quoy & Gaim.) Freemantle and
Swan River (Brit. Mus.)

The common form of this species appears to have been
recorded only from the east coast of Australia at Port Jackson
and Sydney, and from the southeast coast at Western Harbour,
which according to Quoy and Gaimard (Astrolabe, i1., p. 275), is
situated in Bass’s Straits.

The broad variety on the contrary as far as at present known
is restricted to localities on the west and southwest coasts, King
George’s Sound being in the latter region and Freemantle and
Swan River in the former. With the exception of the greater
width of the shell there is apparently no distinction between the
two forms. MM. Quoy and Gaimard remark upon the convex
arched upper surface of their species (convexus), stating that it
rests upon the two extremities. ‘This I conclude is not absolutely
correct, for even their figure represents the species as decidedly
elevated at the posterior end. ‘This I may say is most unusual,
for as arule it is the anterior extremity where the sinuation in the
margin exists which assumes an upward inclination. .

2. Scutus ambiguus Chemnitz.

Patella ambigua Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi., pp. 178 and 181,
f. 918. Wood, Index Test., pl. 38, f. 34.

Scutus antipodes Montfort. Conch. Syst., 11., p. 58-9.

J.C., di., Sept., 1879

SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 259

Parmophorus breviculus Blainv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom.
Lory, p. 28. Wick Set Nat.) weil, p. 558: Lamarek,
Anim. s. Vert., ed. 2, vii, p. 570:
Scutus unguis H. & A. Adams (non L.) Genera, iii., pl. 51,
f. 10a.
Habitat—New Zealand (Montfort and Brit. Mus., received
from five different persons).

This species, as stated by him, was described by Chemnitz
from a specimen in the collection of Schumacher. His description
runs thus—“testa alba, oblonga, scutiformi, planiuscula, margzne
postico rotundato, antico quast truncato, vertice submucronato.”
He was ignorant of the locality whence it was obtained but
presumed it came from East Indian Seas. The above description
exactly suits the figure (Con. Cab., xi, f. 1918).

Schumacher in his ‘Essai Nouv. Syst. habit vers test.’ p. 179,
says that Chemnitz’s figure is not altogether exact, also remarking
“Yen puis juger avec certitude, comme je possede le meme
exemplaire qu’ ila fait dessiner. . . la grande figure a, b, c,
est le meme exemplaire dont Mr. Chemnitz a donné la figure.”

260 SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS.

Notwithstanding Schumacher’s affirmation I feel convinced
that he had of before him the actual Chemnitzian type.

To me it seems most improbable, nay almost impossible, that
the latter author should describe both in Latin and German the
anterior end “‘as if truncated,” and that his artist should also draw
that part of the specimen likewise truncate if indeed it were not so.

Schumacher’s figure represents the broad form of S. anatinus
with both ends pretty equally rounded. It is also larger and the
sculpture, as far as one may judge, different from that of Chemnitz’s
specimen. The figure of this species in Montfort’s work, under
the name of S. anxtipodes, represents a very large specimen, con-
siderably larger than any I have seen, yet having the same truncate
character at the anterior end with a broad yet distinct sinuation.
Another feature worth noticing is that when the shell rests on the
lateral margins both ends are almost always somewhat raised. It
is easily distinguishable from S. azatinus by its considerably
shorter form and the squarish truncate anterior end.

Parmophorus breviculus of Blainville is I believe the same
species as that described by Chemnitz. At all events his type
being in the museum we are enabled to know with certainty
which species he had before him. He described the animal as
generally shorter in all parts and refers to the proportional
shortness of the shell, which only covers the anterior part of the
body, whilst in Scwvtws anatinus on the contrary it covers nearly
the entire length. The species is exclusively found in New
Zealand as far as I can ascertain. Montfort gives this locality,
which is an additional reason for concluding that the shell he
figured belonged to this species, and besides this he quotes
Chemnitz’s figure as representing his own species.

Fig. 1 of the above wood cut gives a dorsal view of the
animal, showing the position of the shell. Fig. 2 is the type
specimen described by Blainville as Parmophorus breviculus. Fig.
3 a larger example.

J.C., i., Sept., 1879

SMITH : ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 261

3. Scutus unguis L.
a. Typical form. Shell slightly narrowing anteriorly, only slightly
corrugated.
Patella unguis L. Mus. Ulrice, p. 69 ; Syst. Nat., ed. 12,
p. 1260 (part). Schumacher, Syst. Vers. Test., p. 179
(part), pl. 22, f. d,e. Hanley, Ipsa Linn. Conch., p. 5,24
joy Bie Ze
Scutus unguis,A. Ad. (part). Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 221
(part).
b. var. Shell also narrowing in front and much wrinkled.
Parmophorus granulatus Blainy. Bull. Sci. Soc. Phil. 1817,
p. 28. Dict. Sci. Nat., xxxvil., p. 558. Lamarck, An. s.
Wits, GG. 25 Vallgy Oe Se/Oe
Scutus granulatus A. Ad. Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., i1.,
pl. 248, f. 3, pl. 249, f 20; Sow. Conch. Icon., xvi,
f. 2a—b.
Parmophorus imbricatus Quoy and Gaimard. Astrolabe, i1.,
1D, GAZ, fol, OGp a, KY —Aes:
Scutus imbricatus A. Ad. P.Z.5., 1851, p. 222.
c. var. Shell with subparallel sides, also considerably corrugated.
Parmophorus corrugatus Reeve. Conch. Syst., pl. 139, f. 1.

Scutus corrugatus A. Ad. P.Z.S., 1851, p. 222; Thesaurus,
pl. 248, f. 4, pl. 249 f. 7. Sow. Con. Icon., xvii., f. 3a—b.
Tapparone-Canefri, Malac. Viag. Majenta, p. 70.

Parmophorus japonicus Canefri (non Reeve) ; Canefri, l-c.,
pl. 2, f. 8 (dentition).

_ P. elegans Gray. Annals of Philos., 1825, ix., p. 139.

Emarginula brevicula Sow. (non Parmophorus breviculus
Blainv.) Gen. Rec. foss. Shells, f. 2.

Emarginula sp. Savigny. Descrip. Egypt, Atlas, Zoologie,
Coquilles, pl. 1, f. ro.

262 SMITH: ON THE GENUS SCUTUS.

Pharmophorus breviculus Sow. (non Blainv.) Chenu, Manuel
de Conch., vol. i., f. 2800.
d. var. Shell broad, wrinkled towards the apex, which is sub-
central.
Scutus angustaius A. Ad. P.Z.S., 1851, p. 222.

S. breviculus A. Ad., part (non Blainv.) ‘Thes. pl. 240, f 6.
SoweCony leon. sola 2. nade

Scutus elongatus A. Ad., part (non Blainv.) Thes. Con., pl.
PUG 1 De SOW LC ib KE,

Parmophorus granulatus Reeve. Conch. Syst:, pl. 139, f 4.

Stutus granulatus A. Ad. P.Z.S., 1851, p. 221, part.

é. var.? Shell deeply emarginate anteriorly.
P. emarginatus Philippi. Zeitschr. Malac., 1851, p. 89.

jf. var.? “Shell ovate, smooth.”
Parmophorus Riippeli Philippi, |. c. p. 89.
=P. australis Riippel (non Lamarck). Atlas Reise in nord.
Afrika, pl. x., f. 5a-c (animal and shell).

Habitat—Amboina (L.), New Ireland (Quoy and Gaim.),
Japan (Reeve and Canefri), China and Red Sea (Philippi), Cape
of Good Hope, Zanzibar, Red Sea, Bombay, Philippines, Port
Essington and Moreton Bay (Brit. Mus.)

This species was described by Linnaeus in the ‘Museum
Ulrice’ and again characterized in the 12th edition of the
‘Systema Nature.’ In the former work he cites a single figure in
Rumphius’s ‘D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer,’ pl. 40, f. 1, which
indeed represents a species of Scutus, but which species it is
impossible to determine with certainty, as the figure is very bad.
It represents a shell of a very narrow shape, but this form may
have been produced by the sides of the specimen being broken
away or filed off. In the ‘Systema,’ besides this figure, another is
referred to in Petiver’s ‘Gazophylacium,’ pl. 32, f 9. This is a
drawing of a species of Linguda.

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

SMITH: ON THE GENUS SCUTUS. 263

Had not the type, which I have seen, in the Linnean Cabinet,
been preserved the species would have had to be abandoned as
unrecognisable. However, the shell marked with the number
(767) of the ‘Systema’ definitely decides which species Linnzeus
really had before him. This is figured by Hanley in his ‘Ipsa
Linnei Conchylia,’ pl. iii, f 4. The conclusion arrived at by
Chemnitz (‘Der Naturforscher,’ 1787, stiick 22, p. 23) that this
species belonged to the genus /zma, rests upon Linné’s reference
to Petiver’s figure, which being that of a Zzngu/a has somewhat
the form of a /zzna. It is about an inch in length, narrows just
a little anteriorly and the sculpture consists of imbricating con-
centric lamellz of growth with undulating edges, and scarcely
displays any of the corrugation which in some specimens extends
over the entire surface as in the typical gvanulatus. This was
described by Blainville from a young shell, for he says that it is
smaller than his drevzculus, the type of which in the Museum
measures exactly one inch. It does not however follow that the
fullgrown granulatus would be entirely ‘‘granulous,” for many
specimens are corrugated at the apex on a surface which we may
presume equals the size of Blainville’s type, yet on the rest of the
shell show scarcely any or no traces of this corrugation particularly
towards the margin.

The variety corrugatus as figured by Reeve is peculiar for its
subparallel lateral margins, a feature not at all constant, for in the
museum series of specimens the closest gradation from this form
to that which narrows considerably anteriorly is observable.

P. imbricatus Quoy and Gaim., judging from the figure in
the ‘Astrolabe,’ is a trifle narrower than the Linnean type and the
posterior end when viewed laterally appears to be up-curved
somewhat, a character as equally gradational in a series of
specimens as the form of the outline, the width in proportion to
the length, and the position of the apex.

264 GIBBONS : ON HELIX HORTENSIS V. ARENICOLA.

S. angustatus A. Ad., was described from specimens in the
Cumingian Collection. At the present time I can find no shell
with that name attached to it, but one tablet with two specimens
upon it is labelled vadzata A. Ad. ‘These I take to be the types
of augustatus, and presume that the label is merely an error of
memory or a lapsus calami. ‘This supposition is to some extent
confirmed by A. Adams, who places his species as a synonym of
(elongatus) the true Scutus anatinus, and the shell figured pl. xiv.,
f. 21, is one of those which I presume are his types. The apex
is more anterior than in the typical w#gwzs and the form is a trifle
broader.

—— +-2- >

TEL LEX OR LE IN SYS VARS A ENS COUEA.

Be No Se EAUSIRONTS,) WL

This very distinct variety appears to have been ignored by
Jeffreys and other writers on British land shells. Some time ago
I received Bristol specimens from Miss Hele, under the name of
fT. fasciata-pellucida, agreeing exactly with shells collected at the
original station near Aberdeen. As there can be no doubt about
its occurring in other places besides the two mentioned above, I
reproduce Macgillivray’s description :—“ Shell subglobose, very
‘thin, diaphanous, hyaline, with five opaque white bands, the
‘epidermis thin, pale sulphur-yellow; the peristome thin, with
“an internal opaque white rib.” (Moll. Aberdeen, p. 83). I
have not been able to detect the faint alliaceous odour mentioned
by Macgillivray.

August 20th, 1878.

J.C., ii, Sept., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 265

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY AT NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND,
U.S. —The last report of the Harvard College Museum of
Comparative Zoology includes an admirable photograph and plan
and an account of the new laboratory established by Prof. Alex.
Agassiz for the purpose of furthering systematic study of zoology,
especially from the embryological and microscopical side. New-
port seems to be rather favorably situated in respect of its position
and the facilities it affords for the study of marine forms ot life.

WATFORD NATURAL HisTory SOCIETY AND HERTFORDSHIRE
FIELD CLus.—We have received a set of the Transactions of this
Society which appears to be in an unusually flourishing condition,
and the character of the papers printed appears to be on the
whole decidedly good. We note however that conchology does
not appear to have a place in the studies of the members,
although this might have been expected of a Society which at its
anniversary meeting in February last elected Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys
to the presidential chair for the year 1879.

A New CaraLoGuE oF THE GENUS ParRTuLA.—Dr. W. D.
Hartman, of Westchester, Pennsylvania, informs us that he is at
present engaged on a catalogue of the genus Puta, including
their localities, when and where the descriptions were published,
and the dates of publication. ‘This is a preliminary to a synony-
mic catalogue and a revision of the genus, for the compilation of
which he has unusual facilities, for in addition to his own fine
collection he has been favored with duplicates of the Pease collec-
tion from the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge,
Mass. ; also specimens from Mr. R. F. Geale, the Smithsonian
Institution, and many private collections.

266 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. ANDREW GARRETT.—We understand that this dis-
tinguished conchologist has fixed his head-quarters this year in
the conchologists’ paradise, the Solomon Islands, for a three years’
exploration of the surrounding groups, such as the New Hebrides,
Australia, &c.

VERNACULAR NAMES AND FOLK-LorE.—The recent perusal
of a provisional Index to a glossary of fish-names, by Mr. Thomas
Satchell, to be published by the English Dialect Society, has
suggested to us the desirability of recording in the pages of this
journal the vernacular and local names given to the mollusca and
their shells, as well as notes on popular beliefs and superstitions
connected with the various species. We shall be glad if our
readers will favor us from time to time with such notes, even if
only detached and brief articles.

MuscaTINE CONCHOLOGICAL CLuB.—From a history of the
county of Muscatine, Iowa, with which Prof. Witter has favored
us, we see that conchology is honored with special facilities for
its cultivation in the form of a club established for the study of
mollusca, more especially those of Muscatine County. The club
has been in existence about two years. Its present officers are:
President, F. M. Witter; Secretary, Wm. Roach; Treasurer, Jno.
Fogerty. Meetings are held weekly during a part of the winter,
at which papers are read on the species of mollusca found near
Muscatine, each member taking such species as he may be best
able to illustrate by specimens. No membership fee is charged
and there are no dues, but a fund from voluntary contribution is
accumulating for the purpose of publishing at an early day a full
annotated list of the living mollusks of the district. Our readers
will no doubt wish, as we do, prosperity to this unpretentious and
unambitious organization,

<_<

J.C., ii, Sept., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 267

DESCRIPTION OF AUPAHETREPIEA PETTERDY,
NEW SPECIES FROM NEW GUINEA.

[Read before the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, July 31st, 1879.]

By WILLIAM NELSON,
President of the Society.

This fine shell was found by Mr. W. F. Petterd during his
exploration of New Guinea, at Port Moresby, and I have great
pleasure in associating the name of the discoverer with the species.
It is allied in form to Z. Strange Ad. and Angas, from Australia.

Shell ovately subglobose, light horn color, thin; spire short;
penultimate whorl expanded laterally to the right, giving to the
apical whorls, which are minute and pointed, an appearance of
being placed toward the left side; whorls 5, last whorl large,
oblong; aperture large, auriform; outer lip sinuous, anteriorly
rounded, slightly reflected near its junction with the columella;
columella twisted; inner lip thin; suture deep; strize oblique, close
and irregular.

Length 25 mill, breadth 17 mill.

Aperture 17 mill., breadth 12 mill.

Habitat—Port Moresby, New Guinea.

ACHATINA ACICULA MULL IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT.
‘ By C. ASHFORD.

In the excellent list of land and freshwater shells of this
island drawn up by Messrs. Guyon, Hambrough and More for
the Zoological Section of ‘Venables’ Guide,’ our little Achatina
does not occur. Within the last few days I have found it, though
not alive, on the crest of an old chalk pit on the northern slope of
Afton Down, near Freshwater. It occurs where the rapid descent
of the hillside is broken into tiny cliffs six to ten inches high,
exposing the soil down to the chalk. I see in my notes that I
took this shell, July 1872, ina similar locality on the Chalk Downs,
two miles south of Petersfield, Hants.

268 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1 OR7ZG"

PALZONTOLOGY.

Bellardi (Prof. Luigi).—New Fossil Genus of Bullidee
from Piedmont and Liguria.—Descrizione di un nuovo
genere della famiglia delle Bullide fossile del terreno plio-
cenico inferiore del Piemonte e della Liguria.—Bull. Soc.
Mal. ital 1376, il, pp. 207 to2rojand taye (©. eG sos ator

The new genus is named Saéazza, instituted for the reception
of S. Lssel¢ Bellardi (= Lulla plicata Bellardi, non Deshayes).

———

Brugnone (l’Abate G.)—Two New Fossils from Altavilla,
Sicily.—Due specie fossili nuove di Altavilla.—Bull. Soc.
Mali ltalsré76,a1., pp. 210) to 21s and: tay. ©. meee

Pleurotoma (Drillia) pseudosigma and Mitra De-Stefanit.

Conrad (T. A.)—Note on a Cirripede of the Californian
Miocene, with remarks on Fossil Shells.—Proc. Ac.
Nat. Se: Ehilad, 13876; pps 272 to 275.

Felix strangulata Ad. (Virginia), Lnoceramus Sow., Aphrodina

Conrad, /donearca Conrad, Hafplotherus, Anchura, Etea are
noticed.

Deby (Julien)—Feossil Shells of West Flanders.—Note
sur lArgile des Polders, suivie d’une liste de fossiles qui y
ont été observés dans la Flandre Occidentale-—Ann. Soc
Mal. Belg., 1876, x1., pp. 69 to go.

This paper is mainly devoted to Foraminifera and Diatoms,
and only includes a list of 14 mollusks.

J.C., ii, Sept., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 269

Gabb (W.M.)—Notes on American Cretaceous Fossils,
with Descriptions of some New Species.—Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Philad., 1876, pp. 276 to 324 and plate 17.

This paper is in one sense a geographical list of the fossils of
Georgia, and includes the names of 4 Mautilus, 2 Ammonites, 1
flamites, 1 Husus (a new subgenus, Axdlifusws), 3 Surcula, 1
Driliia, 2 Lagena (s.g. of Tritontum), 1 Nassa, 1 Fasciolaria, 3
Cryplorhytis, (s.g. of Fasciolaria), 6 Pyropsis, 3 Volutoderma (new
genus created from /wleoraria), t Letoderma, 6 Volutomorpha
(new genus), 1 Aostellites, 1 Ptychosita (new genus connecting
ficulopsts and Ficus), 2 Gyrodes, 1 Amauropsts, 2 Lunatia, 3
Opatia (s.g. of Scala), 2 Anchura, 1 Aporrhais, 1 Turbinopsis, 1
1 Gyrotropis (new genus allied to Z7richotropis), 1 Turritella, x
Laxispira (new genus), 1 Bivonia, 1 Hudoptygma (new genus
allied to Phorius), 2 Ataphrus, 1 Xylophagella (s.g. of Turnus), 2
Martesia, 1 Leptosolen, 1 Legumen, 1 LPeriplomya, i Solyma (not
Solemya), 1 Pholadomya, 1 Cymbophora, 1 Schizodesma, 1 Tenea,
1 Zellina, 1 Gari, 1 Peroneoderma, 2 Cyprimerta, 3 Trachycardium
(s-g. of Cardium), 1 Granocardium (ditto), 3 Cvrassatella, 1
Anthonya, 1 Opis, 1 Lithophaga, 1 Inoceramis, 3 Trigonia, i
Venwlia, 7 Idonearca, 1 Nemodon, 1 Trigonarca, 1 Axin@ea, 2
Nucula, 1 Nuculana, 1 Camptonectes, 1 Sincyclonema, Neithea, t
Anomia, 1 Paranomia, 7 Ostrea, 2 Gryphea and 1 LExogyra.
The new species are—lVautilus Bryant, Exilifusus Kerri, Surcula
strigosa, Drillia Georgiana, Lagena edentatum, Nassa globosa,
Cryptorhytis crasstcosta, C. Kerri, C. obliquicostata, Ptychosyca
tnornata, Opalia Thomast, O. cyclostoma, A. bicarinata, Gyrotropis
squamosus, Laxisptra lumbricalis, Bivonta cretacea, Ataphrus Kerri,
Pholadomya Littlet, Schizodesma appressa, Tellinella Georgiana,
Gari elliptica, Peroneoderma Georgiana, Cyprimerta torta, Trigonia
angulicosta, Idonearca Corolinensis, I. Alabamensts, L. Littlet,
Trigonarca cuneata, Netthea complextcosta, Ostrea Bryanit, O.
Littlei and O. exogyrella.

270 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Guppy (R. J. L.)\—Miocene Fossil Shells of Jamaica.—
Liste des Mollusques, etc., miocenes de la Jamaique, d’aprés
M.R.J.L. Guppy.—Ann. Soc. Mal. Bel., 1876, xi., pp. 101
to 103.

Seventy-one species of Gastropoda, one of Pteropoda, 27 of
Conchifera and one Polyzoon are enumerated.

Rutot (A.)—Belgian Fossil Shells.—Description de la Faune
de Oligocene Inférieur de Belgique (Terrain Inférieur de
Dumont).—Ann. Soc. Mal. Belg., Feb. 1876, pp. 7 to 67 and
plates I. to IV.

The Mollusks are treated of at pages 31 to the end. The
species specially mentioned include Strombus canalis var. plana
Beyr., Rostellaria ampla Soland., &. excelsa Gieb., Murex plicato-
carinatus Gieb., M. brevicauda Hébert, M. tristichus Beyr., M.
Deshayest var. Prisca Rutot, M. Deshayest Duch. and Nyst., JZ.
Susiformis Nyst., Triton Hlandricum var. expansum Sow., vat.
postera von Koenen, typical form of Z. Flandricum de Kon..,
Typhis pungens Sol., and Z. jistwlosa var. prisca Rutot. The
paper is elaborately worked out, and copious synonymy and
references given to each species. Diagnostic indications are also
given. 7

Rutot (A.)— Description de la Rostellaria robusta,
Rutot, Fossile de l’argile de Londres et de l’étage Brux-
ellien des environs de Bruxelles.— Ann. Soc. Mal. Belg.,1876,
X1., 105 to tog and plate v.

The species is diagnosed from A. ampla Brand., and &.

macroptera Lamarck.

Seguenza (Prof. G.)—Palezontological Studies of the
Malacological Fauna of the pliocene sediments
deposited at great depths.—Studi paleontologici sulla
fauna malacologica dei sedimenti pliocenici depositatisi a
grandi profondita.— Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1876, pp. 17 to 49
and plates.

Prof. Seguenza continues his former paper [see Bibliog., p.

207 of present vol.|] by a synoptical table of the littoral and

J.C., ii., Sept, 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 271

submarine deposits of the various zones of the Pliocene of Italy,
giving the shells characteristic of each. This is followed by short
notices of the localities explored, and the paper concludes with a
systematic enumeration of the mollusca. There are of A7gonauta
1, Hyalea 9, Cleodora 7, Spirialis 4, and Embolus 3. ‘The
following are described as new:—Ayalea Scille, H. Calatabia-
nensts and Lmbolus elatus ; while several others are figured.

Stefani (Carlo de).— Pliocene Mollusca of Tuscany. —
Notizie sopra alcuni Molluschi Pliocenici del Poder Nuovo
presso MonterufoliimBull.Soc. Mal. Ital., 1876, i1., pp. 5 to 16.
The locality is near Volterra in the province of Pisa.

Forty-nine species are enumerated of which 33 are recent,

while 16 only are of extinct forms. The genera are—7yivza,

Evato, Marginella, Mitra, Columbella, Nassa, Murex, Typhis,

Frusus, Pisania, Conus, Certthium, Cerithiopsis, Triforis, Cylichina,

Odostomia, Natica, Solarium, Fossarus, Lacuna, Rissoa, Alvania,

Cingula, Rissoina, Turritella, Vermetus, Stliqguaria, Crepidula,

Capulus, Turbo, Trochus, Fissurella, Dentalium, Circe, Chama,

Pectunculus (the author discusses the species of this genus at very

great length), Arca, Argiope and Terebratula. !

Vincent (G.)—Fossil Mollusca of the “ etage Landenien
inferieur” of Belgium.— Description de la Faune de
VYEtage Landenien inférieur de Belgique.—Ann. Soc. Mal.
Bel., 1876, x1, pp. 111 to 160 and plates 6 to ro.

After an introduction, a geological account of the strata, and

a comparison with French and English equivalent formations, the

author describes numerous fishes and crustacea and the following

mollusca:—Leloptera Levesquet D’Orb. and Fér., Nautilus (A Zurita)
gic-zac J. Sow., Rostellaria malatset Vincent, Triton fenestratum

Vincent, Ficula Smithit J. Sow., Fusus Landinensis Vincent, F.

Colbeaut Vincent, P. Wanzinensis Vinc., Pseudoliva antigua Vinc.,

Ancillaria sp.?, Pleurotoma Cornett Vine., P. Gosseleti Vinc., P.

272 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Dewalguet Vine., P. Balstont Vinc., P. Loozt Vinc., P. Rutotz
Vine., 2. tncompta Vinec., P. Dollfust Vinc., P. Ortliebt Vinc.,
P. Halles’ Vinc., P. sub-duchasteli Vinc., P.? voluteformis Vinc.,
Mitra? sp.?, Natica Woodi? Desh., 3 other species, Turbonilla
mngens Vinc., Cerithium Broecki Vine., C. guinguecinctum Vine.,
C. Morrist Vine., C. Rutoté Vinc., Chenopus dispar Desh., C.
Thielenst Vine., Turritella compta Desh., Scalaria Angresiana
De Ryckholt, Solarium Landinense, Vinc., Turbo quinguecarinatus
Vine., a species of Pleurotomaria, Dentalium breve Desh., D.
Landinense Vine., and Tornatella Paristensis Desh.

White (Chas. A., M.D.)—Description of New Species of
Fossils from Paleozoic rocks of lowa.—Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad., 1876, pp. 27 to 34.

Seven new species are described: Strzcklandinia Castellana
(Brachiopoda), Paracyclus Sabint and Alloresina Marionensts
(Conchifera), ellerophon Bournant, Euomphalus Springvalensis
(Gastropoda), Conularia Molaris (Pteropoda), Cyrtoceras dictyum
(Cephalopoda).

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S.)—Australian Tertiary
Fossil Shells.—‘‘ Further notes on the Tertiary marine
beds of Table Cape, by R. M. Johnston,” including Mr.
Woods’ remarks. — Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1876, pp. 79
to go.

A large number of the shells found are mentioned and their
geological bearings discussed. ‘These remarks are followed by a
‘‘Comparative Table showing distribution of Australian marine
shells, &c.”

Woods (Rev. J. E. Tenison, F.L.S.)—Notes on the Fossils
referred to in the foregoing paper.—Loc. cit. pp. 91
to D5.

Murex eyret, Cassts suffatus, Fusus Tateana, F. transenna, F.

JSohnstonti, Voluta M’ Coyt, Terebra additoides, Austr alium (Calcar)

J.C. it. Sept., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 273

Flindersiz, A. (C.) ornatissimum, Delphinula tetragonostoma,
Lizyphinus Blaxlandit, Liotia lamellosa, Margarita Keckwickit,
Trochus Josephi, Thalotia alternata, Solarium (Torinia) gibbuloides,
Gibbula crassigranosa, G. equisulcata, Turbo Etheridgit, Syrnola
bifasciata, Turritella Warburtoni, T. Sturti, Tenagodus occlusus,
Vermetus conohelix, LRissoa Stevensiana, Rissoina varicifera, R.
JSohnstoni, Turbonilla pagoda, T: lirecostata, Eulimella subulata
Donovan, Acteon scrobiculatus, Cylichna arachis Quoy, Liotia
discoidea Reeve, Fissurella concatenata Crosse, LEmarginula
transenna, Fleurotoma pullulascens, P. sandleroides, P. paracantha,
Daphnella columbelloides, P. Johnstonu, Daphnella gracillima, D.
tenutsculpta, Mangelia gracililirata, Buccinum fragile, Triton
minimum, Cominella cancellata, C. lyrecostata, Thala marginata,
Marginella octoplicata, M. Strombiformis, M. Wentworthii, Trivia
europaa Montt., Columbella cainozowca, C. Oxleyt, Natica vixum-
bilicata, Cucullea cainozoica, Nucula tumida, Leda crebrecostata,
Cardita gracilicostata, Lima Bassit, L. (Limatula) subauriculata
Montf., Zellina cainozoica, Chione propingua, Venus (Chione)
catnozoica, Chama lamellifera, Rissoina Tateana, Gibbula Clarket.

0

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS.

Binney (W. G.)—On the Linguai Dentition, Jaw, and
Genitalia of Carelia, Cnchidelia and other Pul-
monata.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1876, pp. 183 to 192,
and plate 6.

Macrocyclts sportella G\d., Zonites tnornatus Say, Z. fuliginosus
Griff, Z (2) Bermudensis Pfr., Limax Hewstont J. G. Cooper, L.
campestris Binney var. occidentalis, Onchidella borealis Dall, Arto-
limax Columbianus Gld., Binneya notabilis W. G. Binney, Carelia
bicolor Joy, Microphysa incrustata Poey, Triodopsis tnflecta Say,
Turricula tuberculosa Conr., Helix monodon Rackett, Polygyra
Postelliana Bland, P. Dorfeuilleana Lea, P. avara Say, Caracolus

J.C., ii., Sept, 1879. 12

274 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Sagemon Beck., Mesodon major Binn., Aglaja fidelis Gray, Arionta
Mormonum Pfr, A. seguotcola J. G. Cooper, A. Californiensts Lea,
A. Dupetithouarst Desh., Glyptostoma Newberryanum W.G. B.,
Bulimulus Dormant W.G. B., B. Edwardst Mor. and Swuccinea
ovalts Gould (not Say), have their details figured and noticed.

Vanden Broeck ( )—Biographical notice of

Gustave Collin.—Bull. des. Séances, Soc. Mal. Belg., 1876,

DOs lk, HO sahiny,

M. Collin was born at Brussels in 1853, and attached
himself specially to the study of Zzmncezde, for a monograph of
which he accumulated a large amount of material, which after his
death in 1876 passed into the possession of the Belgian Malaco-

logical Society. A list of his papers is given by M. Vanden
Broeck.

Brooks (W. K., Ph.D.) —Embryology of Salpa.— Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1876, xvili., pp. 193 to 199 and plate.

Brooks (W. K., Ph.D.)—The Affinity of the Mollusca
and Molluscoida.—Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1876,
NANI JOO BAIS HO) AU).

The author enters at some length into the discussion of
various proposed arrangements, and dissents from Prof. Huxley’s
view of the distinct and annelidian ancestry of the Preropoda and
Dentalium, as introducing a difficulty as great as that which it
removes.

Clessin (S.)—Species versus Varieties.—Was ist Art, was
Varietat?—-Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April 1876, iii., pp. 155
to 161.

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 275

Dall (W. H.)—On the Marine Faunal Regions of the
North Pacific ; an introductory note to the report
on Alaskan Hydroids by Mr. Clark.—Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sci. Philad., 1876, pp. 205 to 208; also published at Wash-
ington, Dec. 1876, as part of Vol. I. of the ‘Scientific Results
of the Exploration of Alaska.’

Mr. Dall finds that Mr. Clark’s researches on the hydroids
confirm his own views published in 1873 as to the faunal regions
of the Alaskan coast and re-states those views. He considers
that the coast of Alaska and Northwest America from Monterey,

California, north and west, may be divided into three faunz, viz. :—

I. The Oreconran fauna, extending from Monterey to the
Shumagin Islands; II. the ALEUTIAN fauna, from those islands
westward throughout the Aleutian chain and northward to the
winter-line of floating ice in Bering Sea; III. the Arcric fauna,
a well-recognized one, limited southwards by the winter-line of
floating ice. Mr. Dall in the course of further remarks reiterates
his view of 1868 that temperature, and that alone, is the great
factor in determining the limits of marine faunee, all other factors
being merely subsidiary.

Dall (W. H.)—On the Extrusion of the Seminal Products
in Limpets, with some remarks on the Phyllogeny
of the Docoglossa.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1876, pp.
239 to 247; also published Dec. 1876, by the Smithsonian
Institution as portion of Vol. I. of the ‘Scientific Results of
the Exploration of Alaska.’

Includes some additional notes on the genera of limpets and
concludes with a genealogical tree of the Docoglossa.

Duprey (E.)—Shells of the Littoral Zone, and Fresh-
water and Land Shells in Jersey.—Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., Oct. 1876, 4th series, xviii.

276 IHERING’S PROPOSED NATURAL SYSTEM.

Ihering (Dr. Hermann von).—Proposed Natural System
of Mollusca.—Versuch eines natiirlichen Systemes der
Mollusken.—Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., April 1876, pp. 97
to 148 and 9 woodcuts.

Dr. Ihering’s proposed classification is very briefly shown as

follows :—
Vermes.

Phylum: AMPHINEURA Ihering.
Class J.: ApLacopHora Ihering.

Includes two families: Chetodermata Ihering (gen. Cheto-
derma Loy.) and (Veomeniade Thering (gen. eomenta Tullberg).

Class I].: PLacopHora Ihering.
Includes one family: Chztonide (Fér.) Guild.
Molluska Cuy.

1st Phylum: ACEPHALA Cuv.
(=Lamellibranchiata Bly.)

and Phylum: SOLENOCONCH4! Lac.-Duth.
(= Scaphopoda Bronn.)

3rd Phylum: ARTHROCOCHLIDES Ihering.
(=Gastropoda prosobranchiata M. Edw. p.)

Class I.: CHIASTONEURA Ihering.
Order 1.; Zeugobranchia Thering.

Families /vssurellide Risso, Halotide Flem., and Pleurofo-

maride D’Orb.
Order II.: Antsebranchia Ihering.

Suborder I.: Patelloidea (Docoglossa Trosch. p.) Ihering.
Families Zecturtde Gray, Patellide Gray, and Lepetide Gray.

Suborder II.: Rhipidoglossa (Trosch. p.) Ihering.
Family Zrochide D’Orb.
Suborder III.: Tzenioglossa (Trosch. p.) Ihering.

J.C. ii. Sept., 1879

IHERING’S PROPOSED NATURAL SYSTEM. 277

Families Littorinide Gray, Rissoellide Ad., Rissoide (Gray)
Trosch., Cyclostomacea (Pfr.) Trosch., Cyclotacea Trosch., Pomati-
acea Trosch., Aciculide (Gray) Kfst., Paludinide Gray, Melaniide
Gray, Zubulibranchia Cuv., Turritellide (Clark) Ad., and
2 Pyramidellide Gray.

Class II.: ORTHONEURA Ihering.
Order I.: Rostrifera Thering.
Suborder J.: Rhipidoglossa (Trosch. p.) Ihering.
Families (Verztacea Lam., Helicinacea Pfr. & Proserpinacea Pfr.
Suborder II.: Ptenoglossa Trosch,

Families Janthinide Ad., Solartide Kfst., and ? Scalariide
_ (Brod.) Kfst.
Suborder III.: Tzenioglossa (Trosch. p.) Ihering.

Families Ampullariacea Guild., Valvatide Gray, Capuloidea
Cuv., ? Phoride Gray, Sigaretina Trosch., Marseniade Begh.,
Cypreide Gray, Cerithiacea (Fét.) Mke., Alata Lam., and
Aporrhaide Gray.

Order II.: Proboscidifera Thering.
Suborder I.: Tzenioglossa (Trosch. p.) Ihering.

Families Velutintde Ad., Sycotypide Ad., Doliide Ad.,

Cassidea (D’Orb.) Gray, Zritontide Ad., and Ranellacea Trosch.
Suborder II.: Toxoglossa Trosch.

Families Pleurotomacea (Hinds) Lov., Cancellartide Ad.,
Terebride Ad., and Conozdea Latr.

Suborder III.: Rhachiglossa (Gray) Trosch.

Families Volutide Gray, Harpide (Ad.) Trosch., Olivide
(D’Orb.) Trosch., AMttride <Ad., Strigatellacea Trosch., Fascto-
lariude Ad., Columbellide (Ad.) Trosch., Buccinide (Ad. p.) Carus,
Nassacea 'Yrosch., Purzpuracea Trosch., and Muricide Trosch.

278 IHERING’S PROPOSED NATURAL SYSTEM.

Order III.: Heteropoda Lam.
4th Phylum: PLATYCOCHLIDES Ihering.
Class I.: IcHNopopa Ihering.
Order I.: Protocochlides Ihering.

Families Rhodopide Ihering (gen. Rhodope KOll.), Tethyde
(A. & H.) Ihering (gen. Zethys L.), and Alelibide Uhering (gen.
Melibe Rang).

Order Il.: Phanerobranchia Yhering.

Families Z7itontade A. and H., Scylleide A. and H., Den-
dronotide A. and H., Bornellide Bgh., Heroide (Gray) Ad.,
Dotonide Ad., 4olidide Bgh. (incl. Proctonotide), Phyllirroide
Ad., Doridide Bgh., Onchidoridide Ad., Trtopide Ad., Corambide
Bgh., Dortopside Bgh., Phyllidiade A. and H., Pleurophyllidiade
A. and H., and Pleuroleuride Bgh.

Order III.: Sacoglossa Ihering.

Families Zzmapontiade Bgh., Zlystade Bgh., Phyllobranchide
Bgh., Plakobranchide Bgh., Hermeade Bgh., and Lophocercide Ad.
Order IV.: Steganobranchia (Ihering).

(= Tectibranchia Cuv. p-)

Families Runcinide Ad., Siphonaritde Ad., Pleurobranchide
(Fér.) Ad., Aplystide (D’Orb.) Ad., Prilinide Ad., Bullide Ad.,
Cylichnide Ad., Aplustride Ad., and Acteonide Ad.

Order V.: Branchiopneusta Ihering.
(=Pulmonata basommatophora A. Schmidt.)

Families Amphibolide Ad., Gadiniide Ad., Limunide Ad.,
and Auriciulacea Blv.

Order VI.: Wephropneusta Ihering.
(=Pulmonata stylommatophora A. Schmidt., Helicide Gray).

Class II.: PTEROPoDA Cuv.
Class III. : CEPHALOPODA Cuv.

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876. 279

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Geographical Distribution of Land
and Freshwater Mollusca.—Die Geographische Ver-
breitung der -Binnen-mollusken.—A Reprint from
March 4, 1876, pp. 75 to 104.

The author in a lengthened introduction unfolds his views of
the subdivision of the Palzearctic Region, recognizing four parallel
zones, the Arctic-Boreal, the Germanic, the Alpine, and the Medi-
terranean. He also discusses the world-provinces generally, and
proceeds to give various catalogues, viz. :—Tuibet 19 (of which 9
are European), the Polar Regions 46, the Germanic Province 221,
the Italian peninsula 316, Sicily 229, Malta 36, Sardinia 9, Corsica
roo, Crete 40, Rhodes 13, Cyprus 51, and the Crimea 42 species.
This paper will be indispensable (together with its predecessors)
to all who are working out the distribution of land and freshwater
mollusca.

Lavis (H. J. J.)—List of Land and Freshwater Mollusca
collected at Berry Wood, Hertfordshire. — Trans.
Watf. Nat. Hist. Soc., &c., 1876, 1., p. xvil.

A Clausilia, a Cochlicopa, 3 Helices, 2 Lymnea,a Physa, 2

Planorbes and 2 Zonites were collected at an excursion of the

Society.

Meyer (F.)—Obituary Notice of Dr. H. C. Kuster.—Ein
Gedenkblatt fur Dr. H. C. Kuster.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts.
Mal. Ges., July 1876, vii, 81 to 86.

The subject of this notice was born at Erlangen Feb. rath,
1807, and died at Bamberg on the 17th of April, 1876.

Morse (Edward S..\—On a Diminutive Form of Buccinum
undatum ¢ :—Case of Natural Selection. — Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1876, xviil., pp. 284 to 287 and wood-
cuts.

The exceptional peculiarity of the environment of this species
in the Bay of Eastport, U.S., seems most distinctly to have
produced a local variation affecting the male only.

280 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876.

Seibert (Hermann). —On the Behaviour during Propa-
gation of the Banded Varieties of Helix nemoralis
and H. hortensis.—Ueber das Verhalten der Bander-
varietaten von Helix hortensis JZ. und H.nemoralis Z. bei
der Fortpflanzung. — Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges.,
May 1876, vill., pp. 65 to 67.

Strobel (Prof. Pellegrino).—The Relations between the
Nature of the Soil and the Distribution of Land and
Freshwater Mollusca.—Saggio sui rapporti esistenti fra
la Natura del Suolo e la distribuzione dei Molluschi terrestr1
e d’acqua dolce.—Reprint from the Atti della Societa Italiana
di Scienze Naturali, 1876, xix., fasc. 1, 8vo., 26 pages.

In this paper Prof. Strobel discusses at length the influence—
direct and indirect—exercised by the nature of the soil, whether
geologically, chemically, mechanically, physically, geognostically,
or botanically considered. At the end of the paper is given a list
of 20 mollusks of European origin, which are now acclimatized
in other parts of the world.

Waison (Rev. R. Boog, F.R.S.E., F.G.S.)—Notes on Lowe’s
MS. List of. Webb’s Type Shells from the Canaries
(1829), and on the Annotations thereon in D’Or-
bigny (1839) and Lowe (1860).—Journal of the Linnean
Society, Zoology, vol. 12, pp. 516 to 524, Sept. 19, 1876.

Wiegmann (F.)—On the Development of the Jaw and
Lingual Ribbons in Landsnails. — Beitrag zur Ent-
wickelungsgeschichte der Reibe-platte und des Kiefers bei den
Landschnecken. — Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., July 1876, 111,
pp. 193 to 235 and plates 5, 6.

Limax agrestis, Helix arbustorum, H. hortensis, H. rubiginosa
Ziegl., WH. hispida L., H. bedens Chem., 1. pomatiaL., Pupamuscorum,
Limax maximus, L. agrestis, Vitrina pellucida, Hl. fruticum,
Arton hortensis, A. empiricorum, Limax variegatus, Succinea putrts,
S. Pfeiffert, Hyalina Draparnaldi, 71. lapicida, Bulimus obscurus,
B. montanus, Pupa minutissima, P. muscorum and Claustilia
laminata.

J.C., ii, Sept., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 281

WEIN XVPOL CHE LLA AND (EE CHELARTA or MULUER,
FOUND IN AUSTRALIA ;
WITH NOTES ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION.

By J. BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., &c., &e.

Helix pulchella Miller. Verm. ii, p. 30, N. 232.

H, Alexandre Cox. Catalogue of Australian Land Shells, 13864,
p- 35; Monograph Austral. Land Shells, 1868, p. 61, pl. vi.,
fora

Habitat—Petersham; Marrickville; Glebe; Craigend; Darling
Point, near Sydney, New South Wales.

The specimens collected at Petersham were found under old
brick heaps, at the other localities under old mats, bags, boots and
other rubbish collected about gardens.

At Norfolk Island, the first place where I collectedit, it was in the
old gaol yard of that once notorious island, found under the head
of an old cask; a few days after in a heavy rain I procured a large
quantity under partly decayed cornstalks in the garden of Mr.
Arthur Quintal; a few I obtained on my way across from Sydney
Bay to the Cascades, under a decayed log; it is also found in
various parts of Tasmania, and recently at Chatsworth, New South
Wales, under decayed garden rubbish. If this well-known Euro-
pean species is mixed up with the Australian, Tasmanian, and
Norfolk Island specimens there is not the least difference between
them. Ihave taken specimens from various localities and arranged
them on glass with the aperture to the eye; both the aperture and
the umbilicus are the same. ‘The question is easily answered—
How did they get to Australia, Tasmania and Norfolk Island? By
being brought in boxes with plants from Europe. European plants
were introduced into Norfolk Island, Tasmania and Ney South
Wales. Found in almost every little garden.

282 SHORT ARTICLES.

The Helix cellaria Miller, is also found in Sydney under
water casks in the yards about the city, and in cellars, crawling on
the walls after heavy rains. I have collected it in New Zealand,
near Mount Eden, just out of the town of Auckland.

The H. Sydneyensis Cox, Cat. Aust. Land Shells, 1864, p. 37,
is only a synonym of the well-known /. ce//aria,; it is also found in
various parts of Tasmania.

ee
PUPA OMBILICALTA Drape. IN SOULE APRUCAS
Bry Jo St GIUBIBONS, Mole

In June I found this species abundant, in garden hedges,
about Cape Town. I suspect it is a somewhat recent introduction,
as I am not aware it has been noticed before. Associated with
it were the three other introduced species, Helix pulchella, H.
aspersa and HHyalina cellaria. _

sole WUE ure oe
HELIX ROTUNDATA var. ALBA NEAR HARROGATE.
By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

When collecting a few weeks ago at Pannal near Harrogate,
in company with Mr. W. Nelson, I found a very nice specimen of
this variety. It may also be remarked that several specimens were
obtained by Mr. Nelson and myself in the spring of 1878 at
Seacroft near Leeds.

ee

ANCYLUS FLUVIATILIS var. ALBIDA AT ROUND-
HAY, NEAR LEEDS.
By W. NELSON.

Last year in the Public Park at Roundhay I accidentally
discovered a small colony of this pretty variety. The area they
occupy is somewhat circumscribed, and no example of the normal
form is associated with them, though found abundantly at no
great distance. No reason appears to exist to account for the
isolation of the variety, no physical barriers preventing the
extension of the limits of either form.

SS SS

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 283

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

iS Wo).

48th Meeting.

Held at the Society’s room, Leopold Square, Leeds.
Mr. Robert Scharff, vice-president, in the chair.

DONATION TO THE LIBRARY.
The following was announced and thanks voted to the donor :—

Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft
Elfter Jahrgang, No. 6 and 7, June—July, 1879.
[Mr. Robert Scharff.

DONATION TO THE COLLECTION.
The following were announced and thanks voted to the donor :—

The following shells from various localities :—
[Mr. J. S. Gibbons, M.B.

SoutH AFRICAN.

Felix globulus Mull. Cape Town; on sand-flats near the
sea.

H!. Kraussi Pfr. Mossel Bay.

Hf. Capensis Pfr. Cape Town; on grass.

HT. rariplicata Bens. Cape Town.

Buliminus meridionalis Pfr. Algoa Bay.

Pupa fontana Krs. Mossel Bay.

P. Pottebergensis Krs. Algoa Bay.

Ancylus Kafir Krs. Algoa Bay.

Cyclophorus convexiusculus Pfr. Algoa Bay.

Unio Caffer Krs. Algoa Bay.

284 PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND.

East AFRICAN.

Cyclostomus calcareus Sow. Mozambique; subfossil, now
extinct on island. (Vide /. C,, ii, p. 145).

Meladomus clivaceus Sow. Zanzibar.

Cerithidea decollata L. Zanzibar,

ANTILLES.

elelinCubepsis Pine llapanar Cubvay(/1C.) ile pant se)r
H. paludosa Pfr. Habana, Cuba (/ C., i.., p. 130).
Hf, acuta Lam. Jamaica.
Bulimulus exilis Gm. St. Thomas.
B. sepulchralis Poey. Habana.
Stenogyra octona Ch. Habana, Cuba.

i at Puerto Plata, St. Domingo.

* 59 St. Thomas.
Cylindrella costata Guild. Barbadoes.
Strophia mumia Brug. Havannah.
Pupa pellucida Pfr, Wavannah.
Melampus coffea L. Wavannah.
Limnea Cubensis Pf. Wavannah (/. C, i, p. 134).
Physa ventricosa Guild. St. Thomas.
Megalomastoma Antillarum Sow. St. Thomas.
Felicina substriata Gray. Barbadoes.

TRINIDAD, DEMERARA AND SPANISH MAIN.

Hyalina decolorata Droueét. Georgetown.
Orthalicus undatus Brug. Santa Martha.
Cionella Gloynit, sp. nov. (/. C., ii, 135). Curagao.
Cylindrella Trinitaria Pfr. Trinidad.
- = var. Sabanilla.
Strophia uva L. Curacao.
Tudora megacheila P. and M. Curagao.
Ampullaria effusa Mull. Georgetown.

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 285

MEXICAN.

Helix griseola Pfr. Vera Cruz.
Melania spinifera C. B. Ads.2? Vera Cruz.

BRAZILIAN,
Helix similaris Fér. Rio Janeiro.
Bulimulus duris Spix. Pernambuco.
Ancylus Morticandi D’Orb. Bahia.

ATLANTIC ISLANDS, &Cc.

Hyalina cellaria Mill. St. Helena (/. C., 1., 367).
Felix pulchella Mill. Madeira; Funchal.
H. Maderensis Lowe. Madeira; Funchal.
HT. undata Lowe. Madeira; Funchal.
Ff, lactea Mull. Lisbon.
AZ. acuta Mill. Lisbon.
Pupa umbilicata Drap. Madeira.
Succinea sp. indet. Monte Video, S. America.

The Secretary announced that various other donations were
offered, notably from Mr. C. Ashford.

NEW MEMBERS.
The Rey. H. Milnes of Winster, near Derby, and Mr. Henry
Laver, F.L.S., of Colchester were proposed for membership.

SHELLS FROM CARNFORTH.

Mr. ROBERT SCHARFF exhibited specimens of shells collected
in a dead and bleached condition in great heaps at the margins
of freshwater ponds, including Zimncea peregra, Bythinia tentacu-
lata, Valvata cristata, V. piscinalis, Spherium corneum and a
species of Prsedzum.

MIOCENE SHELLS FROM FRANCE.

Mr. Ropert ScuHarrr exhibited the following species of
Miocene (Middle) shells collected at Sancats near Bordeaux:—
Planorbis solidus, P. declivis, Helix Gtrondica ; specimens of
which were distributed among the members present.

286 SHORT ARTICLES.

USE OF SHELL FISH AS FOOD.

Mr. BENJAMIN Hotcate, F.G.S., exhibited shells of Purpura
lapillus and Helix aspersa collected in the refuse heaps of the
ancient British town of Cissbury in Sussex, evidently having been
used as food.

YORKSHIRE SHELLS.

Messrs. J. W. TayLor and W. DENiIson RoEsBuck exhibited
a number of shells collected about Spofforth and Barlby, and
distributed them amongst the members present.

THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTIONS.

It was pointed out that the very rapid increase in the collec-
tions had brought prominently forward the necessity of providing
adequate accommodation for their reception. After a_ brief
discussion the matter was referred to the consideration of the next
meeting.

NEXT MEETING.

On the invitation of Mr. Robert Scharff it was unanimously
resolved that the next meeting be held at his residence at
Bradford.

ZONITES EXCAVATUS Bran, AT NEWLAY.

By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

This species is exceedingly abundant in the bleak stony
wood known by the name of Bramley Fall Wood, at Newlay,
near Leeds. It is associated with Helix votundata, which is here
of asmall size with a somewhat raised spire. Zonzzes excavatus
is found in several other places around Leeds, all situate on the
coal measures.

J.C., ii. Sept., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 287

DESCRIPTION: OF VAZLIX. PHETTER DIANA,
NEW SPECIES.

By JOHN W. TAYLOR.

Shell with an open umbilicus, in which the whorls are freely
exposed, broadly-discoidal; yellowish, occasionally white, marked
very irregularly with dashes and waved streaks of reddish-chestnut,
marking often quite absent; spire very faintly elevated, finely,
rather closely striated with waved nblets above and below, inters-
tices under the lens discussate, extending over the riblets ; whorls
44, prominently rounded, last scarcely descending in front;
peristome acute; aperture almost round; margins closely ap-
proaching, not dilated.

Diameter, greatest 6, least 5; height, 2} mil.

Variety a/bida.—White, without markings.

Habitat—Circular Head, Table Cape, Emu Bay, Torquay,

Launceston, Mount Wellington, islands in Bass
Straits, and Fernshaw (Victoria).

A very pretty species, having a close resemblance to Z.
Mac Donaldi and a remote one to H. Tasmanie and A. Tamar-
ensis. To the former it is so closely allied that it may be but a
large variety; from the two latter it may be distinguished by
attending to the diagnosis. At Circular Head it is in great
abundance on the rocks around the “Nut,” gregarious under
entangled masses of plants in company with 4. cesus, H. Weldiz,
and Hf. pictilts. So plentiful is it that thousands can be literally
scraped together from the surface of a single block of rock, on
lifting the accumulated mass of plants and leaves. No other
species are found in such great numbers as the present and
its companion A. cesus. There is a New Zealand shell having
some resemblance to it, but quite specifically distinct. The
nearest Australian species is A. Murrayana, but that differs in
several respects.

288 NELSON & TAYLOR: ON F. w. SHELLS OF QUEENLAND.

Around Launceston and Hobart Town it is smaller and more
sparingly met with, although it is anything but rare. In this
species the embryonal whorls are striated as the rest of the shell,
not smooth as in AZ. MacDonalaz.

I have great pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr.
Petterd, its discoverer, who has done so much to increase our
knowledge of the shells of the Australian fauna.

—__¢-6-¢—__—_

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF
THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF QUEENSLAND.

No. L—DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW PAH YSZ.

By WM. NELSON Anp J. W. TAYLOR.

(Read before the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, July 31, 1879.)

In the series of papers of which the present is the first, we
propose to enumerate the species of freshwater shells already
known to inhabit Queensland, and from time to time to describe
and figure such species as come under our notice that appear to
be new or previously undescribed.

We trust in this useful work to receive the aid and co-opera-
tion of such of our antipodean collaborators as feel an interest in
the elucidation of the freshwater fauna of this important district ;
such aid will be thankfully received and duly acknowledged.

The first arrivals are from our zealous and esteemed corres-
pondent Mr. W. F. Petterd, and amongst them are several species
previously unknown to science, of which descriptions, &c. are
appended.

Physa Brisbanica.—Shell fusiform, horn color, rather solid;
spire produced, acumiuated; whorls 6, convex, regularly and
slowly increasing in size, the last whorl exceeding in size the rest
of the shell, deeply and regularly striate by the lines of growth;
suture deep; inner lip thin; columellar fold not prominent;

J.C., ii., Sept., 1879

NELSON & TAYLOR: ON F. W. SHELLS OF QUEENSLAND. 289

aperture rather narrow, longer than the spire, anteriorly rounded
and thickened at intervals by the marks of periodic growth.

Length 17, breadth 8 mill.

Length of aperture 10, breadth 4 mill.
Habitat—Brisbane River, Queensland.

This species was found by Mr. W. F. Petterd.

Physa Beddomei.—Shell sinistral, thin, narrow, acumi-
nated; whorls 8, sloping, the last about half the total length of the
shell; spire acuminately produced, tapering to a fine point; suture
moderately deep; aperture small, narrow, anteriorly rounded,
outer margin slightly produced; columella fold a little twisted ;
inner lip thickish, a thin white rib situate at some little distance
from the mouth.

Length 9, breadth 8 mill. Aperture 8, breadth 5 mill.

Habitat—Townsville (Coxen and Beddome) and Rapid Bay,
Queensland (W. T. Bednall).

This species bears some resemblance to P. pyramidata Sow.,
but is quite distinct. We have also received specimens of the
same species from Mr. Bednall of Adelaide.

Physa fusiformis.—Shell sinistral, narrow, irregularly and
finely striate, narrow, subfusiform, horn color, rather solid; spire
elevated, acuminated; whorls 5, gradually increasing in size, the
last equaling two-thirds of the shell; suture deep; aperture pyri-
form, rather longer than spire; outer lip produced, anteriorly
angular, with a reddish-brown rib just within the aperture ;
columellar fold rather short.

Length 12 mill.

Aperture 7 mill.
Habitat—Richmond River, New South Wales.

——+-e-¢—_—_

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

290 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Tue LEcKENBY CoLLEcTION.—The fine and unique collec-
tion of British Shells formed by the late Mr. Leckenby of Scar-
borough has, we understand, been purchased by Mr. Damon of
Weymouth.

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA —
CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION.—We see by the last annual report
(that for 1878) that this section has made progress, and a list of
numerous additions to its conchological cabinets is given. The
officers chosen for 1879 are:—W. S. W. Ruschenberger, director ;
John Ford, vice-director ; S. R. Roberts, recorder; E. R. Beadle,
secretary; Wm. M. Mactier, treasurer; Edw. J. Nolan, librarian ;
and Geo. W. Tryon, junior.

ScIENCE IN Muscatine, lowa.—Through the kindness of
Prof. F. M. Witter we have received a number of papers from
which we see that science in general, and conchology in particular,
seem to be ina flourishing state in this rising city of the West.
The Academy of Science, virtually begun in 1870, but nominally
founded in December 1877, is possessed of a handsome new
building and the beginnings of a museum, partly the property of
the Academy, partly loans from individuals. An account of the
opening of the new hall and of Professor Witter’s addrcss on the
occasion is given in the ‘ Muscatine Daily Tribune’ of Thursday,

July 3, 1879.

J.C., 11., Oct., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 291

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

ie 7 2).

49th Meeting.
Held at the house of Mr. Robert Scharff, 79, St. Mary’s
Terrace, Manningham, Bradford.
At the request of the president (Mr. W. Nelson) Mr. R. Scharff,
vice-president, occupied the chair.
NEW MEMBERS.

The following gentlemen were unanimously elected members
of the Society :—

Mir, Ielemuny Wane, IMDIRIC IS. lellasky Gach, ie, heainy ASIOKSet,
Colchester.

Rev. Herbert Milnes, Winster Rectory, Derby.

RECENT AND FOSSIL SHELLS.

Mr. Rogpt. ScHARFF exhibited the collection of recent and
fossil shells formed by him during his residence in Bordeaux, and
in the course of his tours through Eastern and Southern France.
Amongst the most notable specimens Pupa Strobeli var. Scharff
Boettg.,may be mentioned. ‘This was discovered by Mr. Scharff
in the alluvium at Bordeaux, and has been named and described
by Dr. Boettger of Frankfort. Several rare and beautiful varieties of
HI. splendida Ff. limbata, and other species adorned the collection.

During the evening Mr. Robert Scharff distributed a number
of fossil and recent shells amongst those members desiring them,
the localities from which they were obtained being Nimes, Bor-
deaux, Arcachon, Cauteret, &c. Amongst the species may be
enumerated Helix nictensis, H. limbata, H. nemoralis, H. hortensts,
HI. cornea, H. incarnata, H. obvoluta, H. vermiculata, F.
Carthustana, &c., Zonttes olivetorum, Planorbis corneus, Limnea
palustres, Pomatias obscurus, &c. A good number of fossil
Flanorbes, Bithynia, Limnee, &c., were also given by Mr. Scharff,

all from the freshwater beds at Sancats.
ee 6

2902 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

gf SEL ee

LAND AND FRESHWATER.

Adami (G.B.)—A new form of Clausilia.—Una nuova forma

di Clausilia.— Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. 1877, 11. pp. 65 to 67.

A specimen from Cortona, sent by Adami under the name of
Clausilia laminata var. Cortonensis Ad., to Herr Clessin of
Regensburg, is described by the latter in the ‘ Jahrbiicher’ under
the name of C. Adzmi, he regarding it as entitled to specific
rank. Signor Adami translates the diagnosis and publishes it as
above.

Angas (Geo. French, C.M.Z.S.)— Description of a New
Epecies of Helix from South Australia.—P.Z.S., Jan.
16, 1877, one page and three woodcuts.

Helix (Rhagada) Kooringensis—Found 30 miles in a N.E.
direction from the Burra Mines, S. A., by Mr. F. G, Waterhouse.
The author remarks that it is very similar in the character of its
sculpture to H. Sz/verd Ang. Judging by the description and figures
it seems very similar also to the South European 7. scabriuscula
Deshayes.

Angas (Geo. French, C.M.Z.S.)—Notes on a small Collec-
tion of Land and Freshwater Shells from S.E.
Madagascar, with Descriptions of New Species.—
P.Z.S., June 5, 1877, pp. 527 and 528 and plate liv.

The collection — consisting of an Achatina, 8 Helix,

t Megalostoma, 1 Cyclotus, 4 Cyclostomus, 2 Melania, 2 Navicella,

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 203

by Mr. Waters. It also included the following new species:—
Bulimus Balstont, allied to another Madagascan species, B.
clavator Petit dela Sauss.; Helix Waters? allied to H. sepulchralis ;
Hf. Ekongensis; HH. Balstonz, which greatly resembles the Indian
LH. semidecussata Pfr.; and Physa Madagascartensis.

Baudon (Dr. Aug.)—Supplement to his Monograph of
French Succinea.—Supplément 4 la Monographie des
Succinées francaises.—Journal de Conchyl., Oct. 1877, 3e
série, tome xvil., pp. 348 to 355 and planche xi.

Succinea Crosseana (pl xi., f. 1), from canton of Villefranche-
Lauragais; and 5S. dreveuscula (pl. x1., f. 2) from Aulus-les-Bains,
are described and figured as new. The paper concludes with
observations on 5S. edegans, S. putris and S. acrambleia.

Belt (Thomas). —Introduction of Foreign Land and
Freshwater Mollusca.—Zool., July 1877, 3rd series, i.,

Ds BOR

Mr. Belt suggests that Corbicula (Cyrena) fluminalis from
the Nile, Paludina marginata and Unio littoralis from France,
all of them inhabitants of Britain in the paleeolithic age, should
be reintroduced in sufficient quantities to give a fair chance of
acclimatization, with the view of solving the problem of the
climatic condition of Britain at the time when paleolithic man
co-existed with the Hippopotamus, Elephant and Rhinoceros.

Boettger (Dr. O.)—Diagnoses of New Forms of Clausilia.
—Diagnosen neuer Clausilienformen.— Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mial. Ges., Aug. 1877, &., pp. 65 to 76.

The new forms are :— Clausilia laminata, Mntg., var.
triloba, from Croatian military frontier; C. pedagosana nov. forma,

1 Lymnea and 1 Wertta—was made at Ekongo on the S.E. coast —

204 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

from the island Pelagosa in the Adriatic; C. Cattaroensis Z. var.
minor, Albania; C. Stesstcht nov. sp., Dalmatia; C. sudcosa Wagn.,
var. atractotdes Kobelt, Dalmatia; C. albecosta n. sp., Macedonia;
CL stvangulaia Ver., var. minor, Crete; C. dextrorsa no spe
Macedonia; C. perplana n. sp., Macedonia; C. piroestoma n. sp.,
Croatia, 5000 feet above sea-level; C. ¢aun. sp., Kioto, Japan;
C. strictulana n. sp., Nagasaki, Japan; C. Aickonis n. sp., Japan;
C. ptychochila n. sp., probably from China; C. ferlucens n. sp.,
Caucasus; C. ossedéca Bayer non Parr. nec A. Schm., Koischet,
Caucasus; C. thessalonica Friv., var. major, Macedonia; and C.
unicristata n. sp., Ekatherinenfeld.

Boettger (Dr. O.)—The Fauna of Eisenach.—-Zur Fauna
von Eisenach.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal, Ges., Dec.

1877, 1X., pp. 97-8.
Ten species (of Hel#x, Claustlia, Pupa, Succinea and
Lymne@a) are mentioned.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)— Description of Three New
Species of Shells from Australia and New Guinea.
—Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales, 1877, l., pp. 25 to 27:
Felix (Hadra) Bi cadbenti from New Guinea, 7. (Cadlicochitas)

Etheridget, N. E. Australia, and Auricula (Alexia) mertdtonalts,

South Australia. The last species appears to be the first record

for the Southern Hemisphere for the genus 4/exa.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)— Description of two New
Species of Helix from New Guinea and the Louis-
iade Islands.—Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales, 1877, i1., pp.
120 tO 122.

Helix Hixsoni, New Guinea, and A. Diomedes, Louisiade

Archipelago. The last is differentiated trom A. Brumeriensis

Forbes, from the same island. Mr. Brazier concludes by altering

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 295

the specific name of a species previously described by him in the
Proc. Lin. Soc. New S. Wales, 1876, p. 113to 129. Cyclopherus
(Ditropis) Leddomet Brazier l.c., 1s altered to JMac/eayz, there
being already a Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Beddomez, W. F. Blanford,
Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Contrib. to Ind. Mal., 1869.

Brot (Dr. A.)—Variation in Swiss Shells.—Proc. Verb. Soc.

Mal. Belg., April 1877, tome vi., p. xlviil.

fTelix incarnata, subscalariform; 77. hzspida, with canaliculated
suture; 4. /apicida, white; Hf. pomatia, white, in association with
white A. xemoralis; H. sylvatica and var. alpicola, both white;
Vitrina pellucida, sinistral; Limnea peregra, malformed at base of
columella, which affected them during the abundance in the same
pond of Aydra viridis and disappeared on the disappearance of
that animal.

—_—__

Clessin (S.—Two New South European Mollusks.—
Zwei neue sudeuropaische Species.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges.,
July 1877, iv., pp. 253 to 256.

The species are Clausilia Adami from Cortona in Umbria;
and Aythinella columna from Karfreit in Kiistenland.

Clessin (S.)—The Molluscan Fauna of the Bavarian
Woods.—Zur Molluskenfauna des bayrischen Waldes.—
Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April and May, 1877,
1X., pp. 39 to 42.

Eight land shells, viz.:—/AHyalina 2 species, Helix 4, Clausilta
and Swccivea, 1 each. Thirteen water shells, viz.:—one species
of Limnea, 3 of Planorbis, a Physa, an Ancylus, a Margaritana,
a Unio, an Anodonta, and 4 of Piszdium.

Clessin (S.)—A New Species of Acme.—Eine neue Acme.—
Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April and May, 1877,
1X., PD. 42-43.

296 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

Acme gracilis nov. sp., from Tolmein in Kistenland. It is
diagnosed from A. fusca and from A. subdiaphana Benoit.

Clessin (S.)—Mollusca from the Zillerthal in Tyrol.—
Mollusken aus dem Zillerthal in Tyrol.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., April and May, 1877, 1x., pp. 43 to 44.
Two species of Helix, 3 of Clausilia, 2 of Vitrina, and 4 of

Ffyalina are mentioned.

Clessin (S..\—A New Species of Pupa.—Eine neue Pupa.—
Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., June and July, 1877,

Ie 40) tO) Sil.
Pupa (Vertigo) Heldt, from the rejectamenta of the Danube
near Ratisbon.

Crosse (H.) and Fischer (Dr. P.)—Diagnosis of a New
Mexican Choanopoma. — Diagnosis Mollusci novi,
reipublicee Mexicanze incole.—Journal de Conchyl., Oct.
1877, 3e Série, tome Xvil., 362.

Choanopoma Chiapasense from Chiapas (F. Sumnldnoase\

Crosse (H.) and Fischer (Dr. P.)—Note on Azeca mono-
donta de Folin and Berillon.—Journal de Conchyl.,
Oct. 1877, 3€ série, tome xvil., p. 397.

MM. de Folin and Bérillon have instituted a new subgenus

Crypiazeca for this species, which they describe as new from near

Bayonne.

Delaunay (E.)—New Species of Vitrina.—Description @’
une espéce de Vitrine des environs de Cherbourg (Manche).—
Journal de Conchyl., Oct. 1877, 3e série, tome xvil., p. 363
and plate xi.

Vitrina Baudoni (pl. x1., f. 5) resembles V. Zel/ucida and the
var. subglobosa Mich.

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 207

Fordham (H. George)—Supposed Recent Extinction of
Cyclostoma elegans in North Herts.—Proc. Watford
Nap Eustis 0c, 167 7) Lp) Meamaen 73:

Mr. John Evans, F.R.S., the president, referring (at p. 187)
to this note, states the shell to be comparatively abundant in

Southern Herts.

Gredler (Vincenz.)—Critical Fragments.—-Kritische Frag-
mente.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., January 1877,
ibe) 40)0H ih WO),

Heimburg (H. von).—Molluscan Fauna of Oldenburg.—
Zur Mollusken-Fauna von Oldenburg.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deut Mal. Ges., February and March 1877, ix., pp. 17 to 21.
The catalogue enumerates 2 species of Arion, 2 of Limax, a

Vitrina, 6 of FAlyalina, 12 of Helix, a Cronella, 4 of Pupa, 2 of

Clausilia, 3 of Succinea,a Carychium, 7 of Limnea, an Amphi-

peplea, 2 of Physa, 8 of Planorbis, an Ancylus, 2 each of Paludina

and Lithynia, 3 each of Valvata and Unio, 4 of Anodonta, 5 each
of Cycas and Pisidium, and a Dreissena, with indications of
locality and a few general remarks.

Ihering (Dr. Herman von).—The Reproductive Organs in
Succinea.— Ueber den Geschlechtsapparat von Succinea.—
Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April 1877, iv., pp. 136 to 141 and
woodcut.

Ingersoll (Ernest).— On a Collection of Mollusks from
Utah and Colorado.—Proc. Davenport Ac. Nat. Sci, ii,

pp. 130 to 134.

The collection includes of Zzmax 1 species, of Vitrina 2,
Microphysa 1, Zontites 2, Patula 2, Vallonia 1, Pupilla 3, Vertigo
1, Succinea 2, Limnea 6, Carinifex 1, Physa 3, FPlanorbis 1,
Gyraulus 1, Valvata 1, Hluminicola 1, Anodonta 1, Spherium 1,
and fisidium 1.

298 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

Jeffreys (Dr. J. Gwyn, F.R.S.)—Helix villosa Drap. new to
Britain, — Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1277, Fourth
Series, XIxX., 199 and 200.

Found August, 1873, on the moors near Cardiff, Glamorgan-
shire, by Mrs. D. Robertson. Inhabits Germany, Eastern France
and Switzerland. Dr. Jeffreys also notes that the var. alpestris of
fT, arbustorum, usually an alpine mollusc, is found on the banks
of the Lea, and in the grounds of Ware Priory.

Jeffreys (Dr. J. Gwyn, F R.S.).—Vertigo Moulinsiana
Dupuy.—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1877, Fourth Series,
> ab ON
Short note on localities and differentiation. Dupuy’s name

(1849) is stated to have priority.

Jeffreys (J. Gwyn, F.R.S.)—The Valorous Expedition.—
Die Aushente des ‘ Valorous.’—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal.
Gesr Och 1377 1x. spp. on tOnoe.

Dr. Kobelt gives an account translated from Dr. Jeffreys’

Address to the British Association at Plymouth.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)— Greek species of Buliminus.— Ueber
einige griechische Buliminus.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., July
TSN / 7 Wier, 10 AOS ONAL Ke

Notes on B. Athensis Frivaldszky, and L. olympicius Parreyss.

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—Helix tenuicostata Shuttleworth.—Nach-

richtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., July, 1877, ix., p. 60.

Short note on synonymy. The shell is absolutely identical
with H. micropleuros Paget, which will stand, as a species of He/zx
(Polymita) named ‘enuicostata by Dunker in 1847 will take
priority of Shuttleworth.

J.C, ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 299

Kobelt (Dr. W.)--Voluta musica L.—Nachrichtsblatt d.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., June and July, 1877, ix.. p. 60.

Short note from the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie.’

Kobelt (Dr. W.)—A new Campylzea.—Eine neue Campy-
lza.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Aug. 1877, ix.,

Dy 70) LOM 7
flelix (Campylea) narentina Kieciach MSS., from the
mountains of the Narenta-Thales, near Ragusa.

Lewis (James, M.D.)—Unionide of Ohio and Alabama.—
Proc, Ac, Nat. Sct. Philad), 1877, p: 26 to 26:
A comparison of what the author terms the “equivalent”
species of the two drainage-systems, and suggestions as to synonymy
and distribution.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—The Molluscan Fauna of the.
Thuringian Forest.—Die Schneckenfauna des Thiiringer
Waldes.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., July 1877, iv., p. 213 to 237.

The list which terminates this paper includes 3 species of

Arion, 7 Limax, 3 Vitrina, tt Ayalina, 1 eachof Punctum and
Patula, 22 Helix, 3 Buliminus, 2 Ctonella, 1 Balia, 9 Claustlia,
3 Pupa, 4 Vertigo and 3 Succinea.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—Land and Freshwater Snails of
of Puerto Rico.—Land- und Siisswasser-Schnecken von
Puertorico.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, iv., pp. 340
to 362 and plate 12.

The list includes a Crclotus, a Megalomastoma, 2 Cheanopome,
2 Cistule, 5 Heine, a Morchia, 4 Oleaca, 3 species of Sprraxis,
2 HHyaline (one new, fZ. insectr), 1 Guppya, 11 Lfelices (of 6
subgenera; two of the species are new, /7. (4ficrophys.1) Krugiana
and A. (Tuelidomus) angulijera), 4 Stenogyra, a Clausilta (S. g.,
Nenia), a Pupa, an Olostomus, 3 Bulimult, a new species of

300 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

Bulimus (Eudioptus psidii), a Macroceramus, 3 Cylindrelle, a
Geotis, 2 Succinee,a Limnea, 3 Planorbes, an Hydrobia, and 4
Neritine. <A table of distribution of the whole of the 120 species
known for Puerto Rico in the other Antilles ends the paper. The
60 species added to the above from the researches of other
collectors include a Megalostoma, a Cutstula, 4 Chondropome,
3 Helicine, a Stoastoma, 3 Truncatella, a Glandina, a Pseudo-
hyalina, a Conulus, 8 Helices (subgenera Euclasta, Plagioptycha,
Eurycratera, Polydontes and Caracolla), 6 Stenogyra, 4 Pupe, a
Macroceramus,a Cylindrella, a Simpulopsts, 2 Geotis, a Succtnea,
a Vaginulus, a Physa, 5 Planorbes, 2 Ancylt, 4 Melampt, a Pedipes,
a Weritina, a Dreissena and a Cyrenoida.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—The Variations of Liguus vir-
gineus.— Die Variationen von Liguus virgineus.—Jahrb,
Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, iv., 362 to 367.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).— Helix Schweinfurthi, new
species.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, 1v., p. 368 and
plate 12.

From the plateau of Gebel-Galala collected by Dr. Schwein-
furth in 1876.

Maze (H.)—Habits of Amphibulima patula.—Note sur
les mceurs et les habitudes de /Amphibulima patula 47~g.-—
Journal de Conchyl., Oct. 1877, 3e série, tome Xvil., p. 347.

An interesting note from observations made at Marie-Galantie,
where they feed on Lepidium virginicum and Sinapis lanceolata
during the night, resting during the day under the leaves of
the Banana.

Mazyck (Wm. G.)—On a New Species of Helix from
Texas.—Proc. Ac.. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1877, pp. 297 and 208.

ff. (Triodopsis) Henriette, from Eastern Texas, more nearly
resembles A. vudtwosa Gould, than any other N. American species.

JiCz ti, Oct erg

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 301

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—Japanese Shells.—Sitzungsbericht
des Ges. naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vom 17 Ap.,
TOT.

A summary is given of the shells, 73 in number, collected
by Dr. Fr. Hilgendorf and Dr. W. Donitz. The new species are
Diplommatina labiosa, D. pusilia, Helix scevola, Claustlia Hilgen-
dorfi, C. eurystoma, C. nodulifera, C. brevior, C. platyauchen, C.
hyperolia, C. decussata, Anodonta lauta, Unio nipponensis and
Cyrena transversa.

Martens (Dr. Ed. von).—Persian Shells.—Sitzungsbericht
der Ges. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, vom 17, July, 1877.

The author enumerates 75 species collected by Prof. G.
Fritsch in his travels in Persia in 1874.

Morelet (A.)—Excursion to the Isle Johanna, Comores.—
Excursion Conchyliologique dans ! ile d’Anjouan (Johanna). —
Journ. de Conchyl., Oct. 1877, 3e série, tome xvil., pp. 325
to 347 and 2 planches.

The following shells are described as new :—Swccinea Neville
(iitexmes ts 2) Lelia econmscan (mile, my) Le 7lsseola) (Alls), eee
Arachne (xii., 7); Bulimus Bewshert (vii., 4) and vars. a, B, y, 9, €5
B. adumbratus Pfeiffer (xiii., 5) and vars. a, B, y; B. (Stenogyra)
JSohanninus (xu., 3); Achatina cornea (xii., 9); Hnnea modioliformts
(xiii, 7); Z. larva (xill., 3); £. actcula (xiil., 4); Pupa minuscula
(xil., 5); Cyclotopsis Nevilld (xiii., 8); C. filicum (xill., 2); Asstminea
parvula (xii., 6); and Weritina comorensts (xiil., 6). The paper
concludes with a catalogue of the species known to inhabit the
Comores group, including 48 species, and is prefaced by remarks
on the geographical affinities of the fauna.

Nelson (William) and Taylor (John W.)—Annotated List
of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca known to
TU Yorkshire.—Trans. Yorksh. Nat. Union, Series C,

“3 Pps 2 .tO°16;

302 BIBLIGGRAPHY OF 1877.

The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union having commenced the
issue of Transactions it was judged advisable by its Conchological
Section to inaugurate the conchological series by the issue of a
list showing the distribution of all the species and varieties of
land and freshwater mollusca known for Yorkshire. The pre-
paration of this list was entrusted to Messrs. Nelson and Taylor,
who also include in the paper critical remarks on the synonymy
and differentiation of the species in continuation of the work
begun by Dr. Jeffreys in his classical work. For the recording of
distribution the county is divided into 24 districts based on its
physical configuration. Of this list the first sheet is before us,
including the species of SpA-ertum (4 and 3 varieties), Pisedéum
(5 and 4 varieties), Uno (3 and 3 varieties) and Axodonta (2 and
4 varieties).

Oberndorfer (Rud.)-—- Helix tenuilabris Braun, auf der
rawhen Alp lebend.—Nachrichtsblatt Deuts. Mal. Ges., Feb.
amnGa Maeno 77 ike Deu tO ze.

Paulucci (March. M.)—New Station for Clausilia Lu-
censis.—Nuova Stazione della C. Lucensis Gent.—Bull.
Soca Mal Wtale 877, dle. pp. Oivonmek

Paulucci (March. M.)—A Helix new to Italy.—Di una
specie di Helix (nuova per la fauna d'Italia) raccolta nella
provincia di Lucca.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 1877, i, pp. 13
to 15.

Paulucci (M.)—Notes on some Clausilias.—Lettera
diretta al segretario della Societa Malacologica Italiana,
Novoli, 6 Novembre, 1877.— Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 1877,
ill., pp. 68 to 70.

The notes refer to certain Calabrian species, including C.
candidescens Ziegler, C. Orsiniana Villa, and C. punctilata Kuster.

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 303

Paulucci (March. Marianna).—On Italian Hyalinee.— Fauna
Italiana. Communicazioni Malacologiche: Articolo I.—Bull.
soc. Mal. Ital} 1877, 1, pp. 165) to 166.

The Marchioness announces her intention of publishing from
time to time articles on the Italian fauna. The present article is
on Ffyalina Uszieliit Issel, and its specific value. It seems
probably identical with A. /ucida Drap.

Petterd (W. F.)—List of Land Shells from Richmond
River district, New South Wales, with observations
on their geographical distribution.—Liste des Co-
quilles terrestres déja connues, recueillies sur le territoire
de Richmond River, dans la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
(Australie), avec des observations sur leur distribution géo-
phique.—J. de Conchyl., Oct. 1877, 3e série, tome xvil.,
pp: 356 to 362.

This list includes 28 species of /e/ix, 1 Bulimus, 1 Torna-
tellina, 1 Pupa, 2 Vitrina, 2 Succinea, 2 Pupina and 1 Helicina.

Pfeiffer (Dr. Geo.) Anatomical Inquiries into Parmarion
Kerstenii Mart.—Anatomische Untersuchung des Par-
marion Kerstenii Afarvt.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct.
1877, 1X.. pp. 325 to 329 and woodcut.

Pfeiffer (Dr. Geo.)—Anatomical Inquires as to Achati-
nella vulpina.—Anatomische Untersuchung der Achati-
nella vulpina.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, iv., pp.
330 to 334 and woodcut.

Pollard (Henry).—Balia perversa.—znd Hud. Nat., Nov.
HOT Gy Wes DL SG
Recorded for Grassington, Yorkshire.

Pratt (W. H.)—Shells noted near Davenport, lowa.—
Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., 11, pp. 10, 13, 18, 21 & 26.

flelix profunda Say, fH. thyrotdes Say, Hf. concava Say, and
Succinea obligua Say, are the only species mentioned. In subse-

304 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

quent excursions Bulinus hypnorum \.., Planorbis parvus Say,
Segmentina armigera Say, Spherium sp., Hyalina arborea Say, H.
minuscula Binney, H. lineata Say, Helix striatella Anthony, Z.
labyrinthica Say, H. monodon Rackett, Pupa fallax Say, FP.
armifera Say, P. contracta Say, Planorbis bicarinatus Say, and
Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say, Limnea caperata, Planorbis parvus,
Flelix perspectiva Say, Limnea refiexa, Physa heterostropha,
Planorbis (Menetus) exacutus, Vivipara tntertexta, Helix clausa,
fH, multilineata, Vivipara lineata.

Purves (J..—An Anomaly of Limnea limosa.—Note sur
une Anomalie de la Limnza limosa.—Proc.-Verb. Soc. Mal.
Belg., April, 1877, tome vi., p. xlvul. and woodcut.

A single specimen of a carinated form found ina pond at
Belford Moor, Northumberland, gives rise to speculation as to
the influence of birds on the distribution of mollusca, the pond
in question being situated on a ridge or water-shed.

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)—Some Sicilian Helices.—Bemerkungen
iiber einige sicilianische Helix-Arten.-—Jahrb. Deuts Mal.
Ges., Oct. 1877, iv., pp. 277 to 287 and plate ix.

Remarks on Helix Zanellia Testa, H. templorum Benoit, H.
Bocconiana Benoit, H. Schwerzenbachiana Calcara, H. Brocchiana
Calc. and H. Cupaniana Calc.

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)—On Japanese Hyalines.—Ueber japan-
ische Hyalinen.—Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, 1v.,
pp. 313 to 320 and plates ix. and x.

The species noticed are Zonztotdes nitida Mill., Euhyalina
radiatella nov. sp., &. Vessoensis nov. sp., Crystallus Hilgendorfit
noy. sp., C. mzcrodiscus nov. sp., Pseudohyalina minuscula Binney,
Microcystis rejecta Pfr., AZ. labilis Gould, M Denttzit nov. sp.,
M. Mollendorffit nov. sp., Conulus pupula Gould, C. pustulina
nov. sp., C. sénapidium nov. sp., C. phyllopila A. Ad., C. encerta
A. Ad., C. tenera A. Ad., C. stenogyra A. Ad., C. acutangula
A. Ad. The paper concludes with some general remarks.

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 305

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)— Diagnoses of Japanese Land-
snails.—Diagnosen japanischen Landschnecken.—-Jahrb.
Deuts. Mal. Ges., Oct. 1877, iv., pp. 320 to 325 and plate x1.
Alyceus Nipponensis, Succinea horticola, Helix (fPatula)

amblygona, H.(Vallonia) tenera, H. (fruticicola) verrucosa, Pupa

(Vertigo) hydrophila, P. (Leucochila?) armigerella, and Carychium

noduliferum, are the species characterized.

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)—Japanese Mollusca.—Sitzungs-Bericht
der Ges., naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vom 20, Marz,

1877.

The following are described as new:—A/yceus nipponensts,
Hyalina (Microcystis) Doenitzit, H.( Crystallus) Hilgendorfit, Patula
amblygona, Vallonia tenera, Corbicula straminea, C. biformis.

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)—Japanese Hyalinee.—Sitzungs-bericht
der Ges. naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vom 17; Ap.
Lowey.

The new species are Luhyalina radtatella, E. Yessoénsts,
Crystallus microdiscus, C. Mollendorfi, Conulus pustulina, C.
stnapidium, Succinea horticola=/lauta yon Mart. nec Gould, 4ruzz-
cicola verrucosa, Vertigo hydrophila, Pupa armigerella, Carychium
noduliferum.

Reinhardt (Dr. O.)—The Fauna of Thuringia.—Zur Fauna
von Thiringen.—Nachrichtsblatt d. Deuts. Mal. Ges., April
and May, 1877, 1x., pp. 36 to 38.

Remarks and lists of an Avion, a Limax, a Vitiina, 5

Flyaline, 16 Helices, 2 Luliminus, a Ctonella, 4 FPupa, 4

Claustlie, a Stra, 2 Succinee, a Carychium and a Limunea.

Robertson (David).—Land and Freshwater Shells of
Scotland.—Zool., May, 1877, 3rd ser., 1., p. 282.

J2 J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

306 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

Notes of a meeting of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow, at
which Mr. Robertson exhibited /’s¢dium fontinale var. Henslowana
(Glasgow and Paisley Canal), Planorbis complanatus (moderately
common in Lochend Loch, Edinburgh), and Ae/zx villosa (Cardiff)
new to Britain.

Roffiaen (Fr..—Land and Freshwater Shells collected
at Waulsort in the Meuse Valley.—Note sur les mol-
lusques terrestres and fluviatiles recueillis a Waulsort (1877).
—Proc. Verb. Soc. Belg. Oct., 1877, tome vi., pp. xcl. to xCili.
The list includes 1 Vetrvina, 2 Succinea, 3 Zonites, 10 Helix,

5 Bulimus, 3 Pupa, 1 Balia, 7 Clausilia, 2 Cyclostoma, 2 Bithynia,

1 Leritina, 3 Planorbis, 3 Limnea, 1 Ancylus, 1 Cyclas, 1 Ano-

donta, and 1 Unto. ‘The locality is densely wooded and on a

limestone soil.

Schepman (M. M.)—Helix tretrazona Jan.—Jahrb. Deuts.
Mal. Ges., July, 1877, iv., pp. 268 to 272, plate and woodcuts.
-Anatomical Notes.

Sheldon (Prof. D. S.)—Shells new to the Davenport
(lowa) Iist.—Proc. Davenport Ac. Nat. Sci. 1877, ii.
Dencae:

Five species are added to Mr. W. H. Pratt’s list (published
in vol. 1.); of the genus Unzo0, Limnophysa, Helix and Pupa.

b)

Smith (Edgar A., F.Z.S.)—Description of a New Species
of Helix.—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Sep. 1877, 4th series,
XX., Pp. 242 to 244.
HT, (Merope?) Barnaclet, from Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.
Closely resembles H. /ringilla Pfr., Admiralty Islands.

Smith (Edgar A., F.Z.S.)—Description of a New Species
of Bulimus from South Ajfrica.—Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., Dec. 1877, 4th series, xx., pp. 538-9.

J-C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 207

B. (Lachnodus) Drakensbergensts, from the eastern slope of
the Drakenberg Mountains at Lydenberg goldfields, Transvaal.
Nearly allied to B. Wetalensis Krauss, and &. arenicola Benson.

Strebel (H.) —Mexican Land and Freshwater Mol-
lusca.—Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexicanischer
Land- und Stisswasser-Conchylien. III. Theil.

Strobel (Prof. Pellegrino)—On the Distribution of the
Mollusca of the Northern Slope of the Appen-
nines.—Intorno alla distribuzione oro-geografica dei mol-
luschi viventi del Tidone alla Secchia.—Bull. Soc. Mal.
alent. Ol OME
The author commences this elaborate paper by an enumera-

tion of the species, giving their distribution. He mentions 1

Testacella, 4 Limax,1 Amata, 3 Vitrina. 7 Fyalina, 2 Arion,

20 Helix, 4 Buliminus, 3 Ctonella, 10 Pupa, 1 Balia, 7 Clausilia,

BE SUCCLNCE) NOAMCNIIIHD, 12) LI HEM 2 ULQILO7 OES (Aen Oly

Ancylus, Acme, Cyclostoma, Amnicola, Paludinella, Unto, Anodonta,

Cyclas and 3 of Pisidium. A list succeeds of species (1 Ayalrna,

6 Helix, 1 each of Buliminus, Stenogyra, Pupa, Clausilia and

Cyclostoma) which have been erroneously recorded for the district ;

then follows a list (a Yyalina and 3 Helices) which should possibly

occur; and a third note records 2 acclimatized species of Helix.

The second part of the paper is a contrast of the faunas of the

northern and southern slopes of the Appenine range: the conclu-

sions drawn being that the more salient characteristics of the
northern slope are:—1. Absence of the genus Pomatias; 2. Ab-
sence or extreme scarcity of the subgenus Campylea (felix);

3. Presence of the western Pupa varzabilis, which here reaches

its extreme eastern limits; 4. Presence of Helix hispida, A.

ciliata, Hf. fruticum, FT. pomatia and Bulimus detritus, which here

find their southern limit, as also the type of H. memoralis; 5. The
fact that the northern typical form of C/auszlia Comensis here

308 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877.

makes its passage to the southern variety Zwcenszs by means of
the var. zzferposita; and 6. The occurrence of Buliminus detritus
in the Baganza valley.

The third part of the paper is devoted to a similar contrast
of the faunas of the plains and the mountains, beginning with a
list of the species of the plain, then including a list of erroneously
recorded species, and a list of species probable to occur on the
plains. The author concludes that the facts tend to confirm the
law of distribution, that the terrestrial species present themselves
in greatest abundance on the hills and low mountains, and that
inversely the aquatic species predominate above all in the
region of the lakes. So, the plams of the district spoken
of do not present that abundance of aquatic species found
in the irrigated Lombardo-Venetian plains and at the foots of the
Piedmontese and Lombard Alps, abounding in lakes. . Part 4 1s
in the form of table showing the distribution of the mollusca in
the plains, the hills, the mountains, and the Alpine regions, the
numbers for each being respectively 44, 66, 72 and 23. The
paper concludes with a discussion of Dr. Kobelt’s views as to
the geographical regions into which Europe is divisible, and as
to the species characteristic of the region under consideration.

Taylor (John W.)—Notes on Swiss Mollusca, &c.—

Nate Owns 775 lll) 34) toc:

The localities referred to are Basle, Schaffhausen, Zurich,
Fluellen and Altorf, the Righi, the lake Brienz, the Brunig Pass,
Interlaken, Lauterbrunnen, the Lake Thun, the Gemmi Pass and
Chamounix, numerous species of land mollusca being noticed.

Tristram (Rev. Canon H. B., F.R.S.) —Introduction of
Foreign Land and Freshwater Mollusca.—Zool, June
1377, 3LG SeHeS, 1) 260— 1 /

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877. 309

Mr. Tristram notes his sucessful acclimatization in Durham
of Helix villosa from Switzerland ; of Parmacella near Newcastle,
of 1. /apicida from the South of England on the banks of the
Wear. African and Syrian Clawsilzas, and Syrian Hedices turned
out in Durham have not been able to stand the cold of winter.
The ova of freshwater mollusca are often transported on the feet
of water birds; the author once shot a mallard in the Sahara, a
hundred miles away from water, to whose feet adhered ova of a
mollusk—probably Swccinea.

Various Recorders.—Yorkshire Shells.—The ‘Naturalist,’
Jan. to Dec. 1877, vols. ii. and iil.

Weaver (John).—Fauna and Flora of Harting, Sussex.—
Being part of ‘The History of Harting, in the County of
Sticsex Dyatnewwevs He) Gordon) MEAS Svo.m ppsnaoz:
London: W. Davy & Son, 8, Gilbert Street, 1877.

Whitwham (Joseph).—A List of the L. & F. W Shells
found in the neighbourhood of Huddersfield.—
Nsturalist (Huddersfield), May and June, 1877, 11, pp. 151
to 153 and 167 to 168.

This list includes 6 species and varieties of Spherium, 4
Pisidium, 1 Anodonta, 2 Bythinia, 5 Planorbis, 13 Limnea, and
1 Ancylus—altogether 31 freshwater shells, 1 of Avzon, 5 Limax,
1 Succinea, 1 Vitrina, 18 Zonttes, 20 Helix, 3 Pupa, 3 Vertigo,
1 Clausilia, 3 Cochlicopa, 1 Carychium and 1 Acme.

——

Wiegmann (Fritz)—On the Extension (?) of Limax
variegatus Drap.—Ueber die Verbreitung des Limax
variegatus Drap.—Nachrichtsblatt Deuts. Mal. Ges., Jan.
1377, 1X., pp. & to fo.

SaaS See

310 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A BETTER KNOWLEDGE
OF THE
LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE.

Heys Gbisis TRUBS Vo (Co TSUBA, MWb/ANG

Spherium ovale. Abundant near Blue Bridge, York,
and larger than any specimens I have seen from other localities.

S. rivicola. In company with S. ova/e; very fine.
S. lacustre. Large and abundant near Layerthorps, York,

in the Foss. Small specimens in narrow ditches near Clifton,
York.

S. corneum. Abundant about York. Pale variety in
Askham Bog, York.
Pisidium amnicum. In the Ouse and Foss at York.

P. pulcheilum. Very abundant in shallow ditches near
York.
P. pusillum. Similar localities.
Unio tumidus. Very abundant in the Foss and in many
varieties. I notice particularly :—
1. Thin, with green rays.
2. Thick, short, rich brown in color.
3. Incurved, like margaritifer (scarce).
4. Ponderous and very large, oblong in shape (scarce).
U. pictorum. Common in the Ouse below York.
Anodonta cygnea. Very abundant in the Foss at York.
I notice these varieties in particular :—
rt. Very large, thin, pale olive-green. Foss Islands, where
a large quantity of warm water enters the river.

2. Very thin and broad, small. Ouse.

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

HEY: L. AND F. W. SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE, 311

3. Var. radiata (a form of Jeffrey’s azatina). Foss mouth,
most lovely bright shells, rayed with a rich summer
green.

4. Tumid, thick, narrow. Hornsea Mere.

Neritina fluviatilis. The Ouse near Bishopthorpe. A
very dark variety.

Paludina vivipara. Profusely abundant in the Ouse
below York. Very fine in the Foss.

P. contecta. Fulford, near York.

Bythinia Leachii. Abundant at one particular spot in
the river Foss above York.

B. tentaculata. Foss, Askham Bog, &c. In the latter
place a variety with a white band occurs, and the specimens are
of unusual dimensions.

Valvata cristata. In profusion in Dringhouses Bog, near
York.
V. piscinalis. Foss, Askham, &c.

Planorbis lineatus. In profusion in Dringhouses Bog,
near York.
P, nitidus. In company with the last ; also at Burlington.
P. nautileus. Ponds near York.
Var. cristata. Askham Bog.

P. albus. Very fine in a pond close to the precipice (430 ft.)
of Bempton Cliffs ; also at York.

P. spirorbis. In profusion in all ponds. Scalaiiform
distortion. Flambro’ Head.

P. carinatus. Askham Bog, common; also Seamer Mere,
near Scarbro’.

c

P. complanatus. Very common about York, é&c.

P.corneus. Askham Bog, Strensall Common, &c.

312 HAY: L. AND F. W. SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE,

Planorbis contortus. Askham Bog and Clifton Ings.

Physa hypnorum. A small ditch on Clifton Ings; also
Burlington.

P. fontinalis. Near York and Coatham Marsh.

Limneea peregra. Everywhere.

Var. ovata. Askham. Extraordinary large variety
from Bempton, near Flambro’.

L. auricularia. Fine in the Foss at York.

L. stagnalis. Sometimes very abundant in Askham Bog.
It appears and disappears periodically in a remarkable way.
Strensall Common.

L. palustris. Small at Askham Bog. Very large and fine
in a mill pond at Burlington.

Var. decollata. Guisborough.

L. truncatula. York, Guisborough, &c.

L. glabra. Abundant in a small ditch highly charged with
iron, near Clifton, York. Ponds about York. In profusion ina
pond on Flambro’ Head, where the water is also quite red. ‘This
has produced decollation in many cases. A nearly white variety
occurs at York.

Ancylus fluviatilis. Foss near York. Fine in the Swale
at Richmond. Stunted in mountain streams near Guisborough.

A. lacustris. On the stalks of reeds in Dringhouses Bog,
York. Also in the Foss.

Succinea putris. Remarkably fine on Clifton Ings, near
York.

S. elegans. Same as last.

Vitrina pellucida. York. In profusion in Guisborough
Woods.

Zonites cellarius. York, Guisborough, Bempton, Rich-
mond, &c.

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

HAY: L. AND F. W. SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE. ane
Zonites alliarius. The commest shell at Guisborough.
Also found at Richmond, Bempton, &c.
Z. nitidulus. Common at Guisborough, York, &c.
Z. purus. Very common at Guisborough.
Var. margaritacea. Equally common.
radiatulus. Askham Bog and Guisborough.
. nitidus. Banks of the Foss.

. excavatus. Ouse rejectamenta at York.

N NN N

. crystallinus. Common at York, Guisborough, &c.

Z. fulvus. Abundant at Askham Bog; also at Guisborough
and Scarborough.

Helix aculeata. Common at Guisborough ; also Butter-
crambe Moor.

H. aspersa. Everywhere.
Var. exalbida. A colony at Burlington.

H. nemoralis. Everywhere. Particularly abundant and
beautiful on Redcar Sandhills.

H. arbustorum. Fulford Gravel Pits, near York, and at
Scarborough.

Var. flavescens. Dringhouses.

H. caniiana. Hedgerows near York. In great abundance
on brambles near Flambro’ Head. Also at Hedon near Hull.

H. rufescens. Scarce near York; common near Bemp-
ton, &c.
Var. albida. Danes Dike.
H. hispida and concinna. Common generally.
H. virgata. Burlington.
White var. Redcar Sandhills.

H. caperata. Burlington and Redcar.

314 HEY: L. AND F. W. SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE.

Helix ericetorum. Flambro’ Head.
White var. Bempton.
H. rotundata. Common everywhere.
H. rupestris. Arn<cliffe.
H. pygmeea. Guisborough Woods.
H. pulchella. Common at York.
Var. costata. SBrotton.
H. lapicida. A wall near Rievaulx Abbey in abundance.
Bulimus obscurus. Scarborough, Speeton and Brotton.
Pupa umbilicata. Scarborough, Speeton, Guisborough, &c.
P.muscorum. Redcar sandhills in profusion; Danes Dike.
P. ringens. Scarboro’ cliffs, not rare.
Vertigo pygmeea. York; Speeton.
V. substriata. Guisborough Woods, not rare.
V. edentula. Ouse rejectamenta.
V. antivertigo. Askham Bog in plenty.
V. pusilla. Guisborough, very scarce.
Balia perversa. Richmond in plenty; Saltburn.
Clausilia nigricans. Common at York, Arnecliffe, &c.

C. laminata. Rievaulx Abbey and in the Ouse rejec-
tamenta.

Cochlicopa lubrica. Everywhere.
C. tridens. Woods at Richmond; Guisborough, scarce.

Achatina acicula. Sometimes in plenty in the Ouse
rejectamenta at York.

Carychium minimum. Very common about York,
Guisborough, &c.

Acme lineata. Hackness Woods, Scarboro’.

—>—»+ eo

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 315

LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS COLLECTED
IN THE
ALLUVIUM OF THE GARONNE, FRANCE,

By ROBERT SCHARFF,
Vice-President of the Conchological Society.

During my stay at Bordeaux this year I had the opportunity
of devoting some leisure hours to the study of the land and fresh"
water shells of the neighbourhood, belonging to the department
of “‘ La Gironde.”

I am specially indebted to Dr. O. Boettger of Frankfort,
who is about to write an extensive work on living and fossil Pupe
and who kindly drew my attention to the numerous species to be
found in the alluvium of the rivers.

Now there has been a large overflow of the river Garonne
this year, and I have been fortunate enough to discover some
interesting species among the alluvium.

It appears that some of the Pupe have been carried away
by the floods for a great distance, P. polydon, ringens and
triplicata having only been found in the department of the
“Haute Garonne” and the “Pyrenees.”

The following list shows the number of species collected
in March and April, 1879, after the subsidence of the inunda-
tions :—

SUACINER PUL Tan eee tl ain rorendara, Niullet ae 13
begs fUNgas INTING Vece GN YER Guinan IDIGy Sy an eon a
Lhe GOS WOM eS Cog abe tl |e eh we Wieios seen Ks)
Z. celiarius Mill., ta A) eee aenvata. Wrap, SRA
Z. crystallinus Mill. ... 19 | #. carthustana Miller, 2
Felix pygmea Drap, ... 2 | HH. occidentalis Recluz, 1

216

LO USP LOA ee age VOY
JEL, josedollantn, IONE ane tA
Ee Vanganiis WTA, sia) 2
Ef. ‘terrestris Flem., 2
FH. acuta Miiller,... 2
Bulimus montanus Drap, 1
IB MOWAAKIGEHS IB eee, aD
YE Hag Qiuis \ehAblee ana
Cochlicopa lubrica Risso, 28
Cionella acicula Jeff., ... 65
Clausilia parvula Studer, 2

CS PUL TENIS, Soc an hog
Coruiplicata Maeach, =e. 1
Galea yracies Woeach, 4s. Gi

Pupa variabilis Drap., I
polydon Drap., Baan
PU CILS ON IAC Hints. atte sal
granum Drap., ey ae
- muscorum Muller, ...148
SHUPHCHIA SIWGCI, )=-- 92
. cylindracea Da Costa, 2
. doliolum Brug.,

el he beh Fs As) eh BS) Bs

. minutissima artm., 27

SCHARFF: L. & F. W. SHELLS OF GARONNE.

PST FOU A GSeCl a) eee
Var. Sovanij77 BOctLo ame
Pclaustra7s (Gre ea yee
Vertigo antivertigo Drap., 2
V. pygme@a Drap., eG
V. pusilla Miller, aes we
Carychium minimum Mull. 50
Planorbis complanatus Stud., 9
. vortex Muller, BA 7.6)
Fotunaatus: POG ee
. nmautileus Poir?
alous Mrui\ler) “2s 1 eens

Be Ay Bsr As ao

contortus Muller, ... 15
Limnea truncatula Beck, 12
Pe GlADEP cece: OE
Cyclostoma elegans Drap., 4
Pomatias septemspirale... 3
Acme fusca Beck, I
Bithynia vitrea Beck?

B. tentaculata Gray, ... 14
Valvata cristata Miller, 1
V. piscinalis Fer., sass Sa
Sphertum corneum Scop, 4

J.C., ii., Oct., 1879

JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 317

ISON We Vek 2A HOUND! TIN, MOREMON, BAY,
QUEENSLAND.

By J. BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., Cor. M. Roy. Soc. Tas., &c.

A few remarks on Moreton Bay may be of interest to
conchological readers in general. It was on the r7th of. May,
1770, the celebrated circumnavigator, Captain James Cook,
dropped anchor from the bows of the good ship ‘Endeavour’ in
the waters of a large inlet on the eastern coast of Australia, to
which he gave the name of ‘Moreton Bay’ in honor of his patron
the Earl of Moreton, the then President of the Royal Society.

The bay is an extensive sheet of water separating Stradbroke
and Moreton Islands from the mainland. It is about 40 miles
long, north and south, and 17 miles broad. Stradbroke is 33
miles long, north and south, and 7 miles broad. Moreton Island
is 20 miles in extreme length about north and south, and 5 miles
in breadth near the north end.

Very few good working collectors have ever visited Moreton
Island, the extensive range of long sandy beaches with large
stones that can be turned over at low water spring tides. In the
bay there are smaller islands and sandbanks with shoals that
dredging can be carried on with but little trouble. The only
person who did any good dredging in the bay was the late Mr.
Fred Strange, who unfortunately lost his life in the service at
Percy Island No. II., by being killed by the Aboriginals.

This list is made out from those species collected by the late
Mr. Charles Coxen of Brisbane, Queensland, he having paid
frequent visits to various parts of the bay. He was busy arranging
his valuable finds and corresponding with me up to the time of
his death in July, 1876.

I am under great obligation to Mrs. Coxen in her endeavour
to assist me with the use of her lamented husband’s papers and
notes. :

318 BRAZIER: CYPRAA FOUND IN MORETON BAY.

i)

CVPRALA

. Cypreea asellus L. Bribie Island; one dead specimen

found.

. C. felina L. Stradbroke Island, on banks under big hill.

C. carneola L. Stradbroke Island, on the banks under big
hill.

C. Isabella L. Bribie Island; one dead specimen found.

C. macula A. Ad. Stradbroke Island, on coral banks.

Subgenus ARICIA.

. ©. annulus L. Stradbroke Island; very common on all

the banks off the island.

Mrs. Coxen says ‘‘We had at one time 800 specimens
a great deal firmer in color than those figured by Mr.
Sowerby in Thes. Conch.” I am of the same opinion, having
obtained large numbers from Port Denison and Torres
Straits that puts the figure of Reeve and Sowerby in the
shade.

7. C, Arabica L. Stradbroke Island, on coral banks; common. .

8. C. caput-anguis Phil. This species was sent for name and

marked Moreton Bay; I consider Moreton Bay a very wide
range. This was described by Philippi, 1849, in ‘Zeitschrift
fiir Malakozoologie,’ p. 24.

Mr. A. Garrett in this journal, i1., p. 111, states that he
only found it at the Sandwich Islands. When I was at
Strong Island—sometimes called Oualan and Ualan—tesiding
for two weeks I obtained twelve living specimens and a
few beach-worn,; in that time I did not even find C caput-
serpentis. Ihave C. caput-anguts from New Caledonia, also
various parts of the coast of New South Wales, for instance
it is found as far south as Botany Bay, Shark Island, Port
Jackson. ~After the great winter gale of 1868 some hundreds

J.C., ii, Oct., 1879

BRAZIER: CYPRHA FOUND IN MORETON BAY. 3f9

were found on the beaches at Lake Macquarie, 70 miles
north of Port Jackson, not a single specimen of C. caput-
serpentis was found.

During an extended trip of six months from the Manning
River, including the Macleay, Nambucera, Bellenger and
Clarence River, with all intermediate small bays, creeks and
headlands, C. caput-anguis is the predominent species, very
few of C. caput-serpentis obtained. Some years ago I quoted
C. caput-anguis as C. caput-serpentis, the former is very rarely
to be found ina living state on the coast of New South Wales.
I quite agree with Mr. A. Garrett, who is a close observer of
genus, that it is a distinct species and need not ever be
confused with C. caput-serpents.

In some papers that I have from the late Mr. Harper
Pease, reprints from American Journal of Conch., v., p. 85,
the description of the animal differs a little from that given
by Mr. Garrett. I give Mr. Pease’s own words—‘‘Compared
with caput-serpentis, it is smaller in size, not dilated at the
sides, darker in color throughout, and dorsal spots smaller.
The only description of the animal of caput sevpentis published
so far as I can discover, is that in ‘ Voy. d’ Astrol.,’ from
which caput-anguis differs as follows:—Mantle of a deep
brown, shaded with dark green, its tentacular processes red
or red and white. Siphon dusky, tentacles beyond the eyes
light chestnut, base white. Foot pale beneath, dusky above.
The tentacular fringe surrounding the end of the siphon is
retractible. The colors and their arrangement agree with the
type, only darker.” Mr. A. Garrett’s description—“The
animal has a dark brown mantle, varied with dark green, and
garnished with red or red and white, more or less divided
processes. ‘The siphon is dusky-slate, tentacles brown with
white bases, and the foot dusky-slate with a paler creeping
disk.

320

9.

Io.

Hpi

I2.

ne.

14.

1

16.

17:

18.

19.

BRAZIER: CYPR4A FOUND IN MORETON BAY.

Cypreea caput-serpentis L. Amity Point, Stradbroke
Island; few obtained.

Subgenus LUPONTA,
C. angustata Gray. Colundra, north end of Moreton Bay;
one dead specimen found.

I doubt this species being found in Moreton Bay; its .
home is Tasmania. Not having seen the northern shell, Mr.
Coxen’s identification must be wrong, or Tasmanian shells
may have got mixed up with Moreton Bay examples.

C. caurica L.. Dunwich, Stradbroke Island; not common.
C. clandestina L. Stradbroke Island; found on the banks
under the big hill.

C. cruenta Gmelin.=variolaria Lam. Burleigh Heads;
one dead specimen found.

C. eburna Barnes. Stradbroke Island; very rare.
C. erosa. Stradbroke Island; found on coral banks.

C. errones L. Stradbroke Island ; common on all the coral
banks.

C. flaveola L. Stradbroke Island, on the banks under the
big hill; not common. ‘This species must not be confused
with the C. flaveo/a of Lam. or Born.

C. helvola L. Stradbroke Island, under the big hill; not

common.

Mrs. Coxen sent me this named as C. ctvina, they are
both quite distinct and need not be confused. C-. citrina is
very rare, my specimen comes from Madagascar.

C. lutea Gron.=Humphreysii Gray. | Stradbroke Island,
under big hill; rare.

The specimen sent by Mrs. Coxen for my inspection
is one inch in length. /

20.

21.

22.

22)

24.
25.

BRAZIER: CYPRHA FOUND IN MORETON BAY. 321

Cyproea lynx L. Stradbroke Island; rare.

C. Saulee Gask. Peel Island; only one specimen found.
This magnificent and rare species was first procured from
the Philippine Islands, the specimen in my collection was
obtained by a native diver at Warrior Reef, Torres Straits, 6
fathoms, found on a branch of Millepora.

C. subviridis Reeve. Southern end of Moreton Bay.
This species is rather common on the coast of New South
Wales afterly easterly gales. Common in Torres Straits and
extends round to Nicol Bay on the the west coast of
Australia.

C. tigris L. Peel Island; not common.

Mr. Samuel Stutchbury found a young living example,
beautifully colored, at Bribie Island in 1854. This is Mr.
Coxen’s note.

C. vitellus L. Stradbroke Island; rather common.

C. Walkeri Gray. Peel island; two only have been found.
This very rare species I obtained during the ‘Chevert’
Expedition to New Guinea in 1875, first at Palm Island, rr
fathoms sandy mud bottom; Cape Grenville, Northeast coast
of Australia, 8 fathoms white sand; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 20-30 fathoms white sand. I have seena very small
specimen from Nicol Bay, West Australia.

Only this last few days I have seen two examples in the
Australian Museum, dredged off Port Denison, Northeast
Australia, by Mr. W. A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc.

26. C. xanthodon Gray. Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, on the

coral banks; rare.

This rare species was found at Watsons Bay, Port
Jackson, some years ago by Mr. G. F. Angas, F.L5S. I
have not been so lucky as to find it, although I have had

SCHARFF: SHELLS FROM THE ALLUVIUM.

twenty-five years good work at both wading and dredging.
At one stretch I took up the whole time of six months
examining all the inlets of Port Jackson in all weathers, and
up to the present have not even found a dead specimen.

I have found it in very good condition at Port Stephens,
north of Port Jackson, after east and southeast gales we have
obtained large numbers on the long beaches between the
Macleay and Bellenger Rivers, also on all beaches and head-
lands intermediate between those and the Clarence River on
the north. My opinion is that it is strictly a deep water shell
like C. Walkeri and Saule@, and its station of being found
under stones must be very rare indeed, some of my examples
from the Ninepin Head, south of the Bellenger, are nearly
jet black, interior dark blue.

27. ©. ziczac L. Peel Island; only one found.

It is interesting to know that Mr. Coxen obtained this
fine and well known species in Moreton Bay, I believe it is
the first recorded Australian habitat.

.

THE CONCHOLOGICAL FAUNA IN THE ALLUVIUM

OF

RIVERS: HOW TO PROCURE, DHE Vek T@ies

SPECIES AND THEIR COMPARATIVE NUMBERS.

By ROBERT SCHARFF,
Vice-President of the C.S. G. B. & Tf.

(Paper read before the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.)

The different kinds of land and freshwater shells yearly swept

down by the floods of a river have hitherto been very little studied

by conchologists, however, there can be no doubt that the results

J.C., ii, Nov., 1879

SCHARFF: SHELLS FROM THE ALLUVIUM. 323

to be obtained by examining the various materials left on the banks
of a river after the subsidence of an inundation are both interesting
and useful to the students of land and freshwater molluscs.

The best season for collecting the shells is a short time
after the subsidence of the winter floods.—According to Dr.
Kobelt, however, summer or autumn inundations bring more
freshwater and fewer land shells down than winter floods, but I
may state that I have not had an opportunity of confirming this
statement from my own observation.

As regards the collecting part of the work, my usual practice
is to walk down to the riverside provided with a few bags, as well
as some small tin boxes, glass tubes, &c., and then to carefully
examine the upper layers of the alluvium, generally consisting of
small black seeds, bits of straw and wood, and in fact a little of
everything that is light enough to float on the surface of water,
besides a good many shells, AHe/ix hispida being the most con-
spicuous.

This is not only good ground for the conchologist, but there
is also much scope for the coleopterist, and I have several times
been fortunate enough to collect some pretty rare beetles still
alive among the shells.

After having searched for a spot where a thick layer has been
accumulated, I fill my bags and take them home where I leave
them near the fireside for a day or two, until their contents are
perfectly dry, otherwise the smaller shells will stick to the pieces
of wood and may then be easily overlooked.

Next, I spread the contents on a sheet of white paper and
then proceed to carefully collect the specimens by means of a
small brush.

This done, you will see that species, having the habit of living
near the water like Helix hispida, Hl. arbustorum, Cochlicopa
lubsica, Ctonella acicula, Carychium minimum and some of the

324 SCHARFF : SHELLS FROM THE ALLUVIUM.

small Vertigines, as well as those living in freshwater like a few of the
Flanorbes, Bithynia tentaculata, &c., occur in great quantities in
the alluvium, whilst those which frequent higher regions are either
scarce or absent.

It was in March and April this year when I first went out
collecting the alluvium, and whilst separating the various species
into different boxes, I looked out in vain for the very rare Acme
Stmoniana, which the distinguished conchologist Mr. Gassies of
Bordeaux discovered in the alluvium of May 1856.

This diminutive shell was first classed among the Paludine
by Moquin-Tandon, but after another careful examination of the
shell the same author published it afterwards in his “‘ Natural His-
tory of terrestrial and fluviatile molluscs of France” under the
Acme. It has never been met with alive, so as to allow the
structure of the animal to be studied.

The catalogue of the fauna of the department “la Gironde”
by Gassies, published in 1859, comprising the district round about
Bordeaux, enumerates 138 species.

In the book entitled the “fauna of the county of Nassau” by
Dr. Kobelt, the author describes the shells he found in the neigh-
bourhood of Frankfort in Germany. The total number of species
amounts to 140, about 120 occurring in the immediate environs
of the town, out of which he mentions 47 as occurring in the
alluvium of the river Maine.

The alluvium of Bordeaux z.e. of the river Garonne yielded to
me 60 species, amongst which one proved to be new to France and

besides that there was an undescribed variety of a Pupa.

It is a very singular fact that the quantities of species taken
in the alluvium of the two rivers Maine and Garonne nearly agree
with one another as you will see by the following numbers :—

Alluvium of river Maine contained 47 species out of the
120 living in the environs or 0.39.

J-C., ii., Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN. 325

Alluvium of river Garonne contained 60 species out of
the 140 living in the environs or 0.42.

One being 5/11 and the other 3/7. Im fact there is scarcely
any difference between the amounts of the two.

This study of the alluvium enables the conchologist to get in
a very short time a pretty good notion of the fauna of the surround-
ing district, and I am convinced that many new species will yet be
found in that manner, which may have been overlooked by the
ordinary way of searching.

As regards the genus Pupa I found 14 different species in this
year’s alluvium at Bordeaux, which have been classified by Dr.
Boettger, one of the greatest living authorities on Clausilie
and Pupe.

In concluding this short paper, I hope, that 1f any new species
should be discovered in English alluvia, it may be by some
member of our ‘‘ Conchological Society.”

CATALOGUE OF THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA
OF MICHIGAN.

By BRYANT WALKER.

The following list of the land and freshwater shells of the
state of Michigan embodies not only the results of my own
collecting during several years past, but also the various catalogues
heretofore published, and such scattered references as occur in
the various scientific publications to which I have had access, and
is intended to furnish as completely as possible a summary of our
present knowledge of the fauna of the state.

Up to this time there have been published three general lists

326 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

of the shells of the state, and three of the species of particular
districts.

Dr. Abram Sager, Zoodlogist of the Geological Survey, pub-
lished the first catalogue in 18309.

The second, a very complete list, by Dr. M. Miles, State
Zoologist, was published in the “ Report of the Geological Survey
for 1860.”

And in 1868 Mr. A. O. Currier, at the request of the Kent
Scientific Institute of Grand Rapids, Michigan, compiled a “List
of the Shell-bearing Mollusca of Michigan, especially of Kent and
adjoining counties.”

Mr. Currier had already published in 1859 a ‘‘List of the
Shells collected in the Grand River Valley.” As this list however
was undoubtedly included in his later catalogue, the few particulars
in which they differ are not mentioned in present list, and all
references are to his catalogue of 1868.

In the “Report of the United States Fish Commission for
1872-3,” Mr. Sydney J. Smith in a “Sketch of the Invertebrate
Fauna of Lake Superior” gives a list of the mollusks of that region,
which while largely a compilation from the publications of Binney
and Gould, includes the results of a series of dredgings made under
the direction of the United States Lake Survey, and is especially
valuable in showing the depths at which the various species were
found. A preliminary report of the same dredgings are published
in vol. 2 of the “Report of the Secretary of War for 1871.”

In 1875, at the request of the Ann Arbor Scientific Associa-
tion, Mr. C. E. Beecher and myself compiled a list of the species
found in the immediate vicinity of Ann Arbor, Michigan, which
was published in the Proceedings of the Association for 1875-6.

In the main, however, the present list is based on my own
collection, and unless special reference is made to some published

J.C., ii. Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN. 327

authority it will be understood that all the species cited are
represented in my cabinet by Michigan specimens. It may be
well to add that while my own collecting has been done principally
in the southeastern portion of the state, I have received several
small collections from the northern part of the lower peninsula,
and am especially indebted to Mr. L. H. Streng of Grand Rapids,
for a very complete set of the shells of the western part of the
state, including a number of species that I have not met with
myself.

It is much to be regretted that there is no published account
of any collections made in the northern peninsula; and while the
species described in Agassiz’ “Lake Superior” from the north
shore have been quoted by Currier and are given in the present
list, on account of the probability that they will be found on the
southern shore also, yet in regard to most of them, there is no
authentic record of their occurrence within the boundaries of the
state. The recent discovery of one of these species in the
northern part of the lower peninsula certainly tends to verify the
supposition, and indeed there can be no doubt but that as the
various portions of the state, especially the northern and southern
borders are more thoroughly explored, many hitherto unrecorded
species will be added to our fauna.

Macrocyclis concava Say.

Zonites fuliginosus Griff.

Z. ligerus Say.

Z. inornatus Say. Miles, Currier.

Z. cellarius Mill. About two years ago I found a few
specimens of this species in a green-house in Detroit. It is the
first time I believe that it has been detected in the state.

Z. nitidus Mill.

Z. arboreus Say.

Z. viridulus Mke.

Z. indentatus Say.

328 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

Zonites limatulus Ward. Miles, Currier.

Z. minusculus Binn.

Z. Binneyanus Morse. Binney.

Z. exiguus Stimp. Currier, Binney.

Z. fulvus Drap.

Z. suppressus Say. Binney.

Z. multidentatus Binn. Currier.

Helix solitaria Say. This species is very scarce in the
eastern part of the state, but appears to be quite common in the
western portion. Jn the neighborhood of Ann Arbor it has
apparently died eut entirely. Although dead, bleached specimens
are quite common, yet in several years collecting in that vicinity I
was unable to obtain a single living specimen, and other collectors
were equally unsuccessful. Several years ago Mr. A. B. Lyons of
Detroit, found a few living individuals in a single locality, some
of which are deposited in the museum of the Detroit Scientific
Association.

Helix alternata Say.

it var. alba. Currier.
striatella Anth
asteriscus Morse.
labyrinthica Say.
hirsuta Say.
monodon Rackett.

‘ var. fraterna Say.

a var. Leaii Ward.
palliata Say.

‘s var. alba. Currier.
. inflecta Say.
tridentata Say.
fallax Say.
. albolabris Say.
es var. dentata.

rioirriiiei

ape 0 ec as sepa ee SE

J.C., ii, Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN. 329

Helix multilineata Say.
H. - var. unicolor. Currier.
H. ns var. albina.

H. elevata Say. Cited in all the catalogues. I have
never found living specimens in the eastern part of the state. It
occurs in the recent deposits at Ann Arbor, and the history of the
species there seems to be the same as that of &. solztarta.

Helix exoleta Binn.

H. thyroides Say.

H. clausa Say. Miles, Currier.

H. profunda Say.

H. es var. albina.

H. Sayii Binn. Miles, Currier.

H. pulcheila Mill.

Ferussacia subcylindrica L.

Pupa pentodon Say.

P. fallax Say. ;

P. armifera Say.

P. contracta Say.

Vertigo Gouldii Binn.

V. milium Gld.

V. ovata Say.

V. simplex Gld.

Succinea ovalis Gld, not Say.

S. Higginsi Bld. I have received specimens under this name
from Alpena, Michigan. They lack the characteristic parietal
tooth and may not be authentic. As the type specimens were
found at Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie, it is very probable that
the species occurs in this state.

S. Peoriensis Wolf. This species, which occurs very
abundantly in the eastern portion of the state, is not mentioned
in W. G. Binney’s last volume, and I do not know whether any

330 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

description has ever been published. It is related to S. ovalis,
Gld., but is apparently very distinct.

Succinea avara Say.

S. obliqua Say.

S. campestris Say. Sager, Miles. As this species is
strictly a southern one, the citation is undoubtedly erroneous.
Some form of .S. oddéqua is probably referred to.

Carychium exiguum Say.

Limnea stagnalis L.

L. ampla Migh.

L. decollata Migh.

L. columella Say.

L. megasoma Say. Commonly cited from Lake Superior.
In the museum of the University of Michigan are specimens from
Drummond’s Island at the head of Lake Huron. Its occurrence
within the state is thus definitely established.

Limnea reflexa Say.

3 var. zebra, Tryon.

te var. distortus Ross.

i var. exilis ‘Lea.
desidiosa Say.
emarginata Say.
catascopium Say.
caperata Say. Miles, Currier, Smith.
pallida Ad.
humilis Say.
lanceata Gld. Gould, Currier, Smith.
. intertexta Currier, MSS. Currier.
. contracta Currier, MSS. Currier.

Shea Lordi Baird. Inhabits the northern part of the

state. Houghton Lake specimens were described as P. Parkert
Currier.

pe ees eels ee

J.C., ii, Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN. 331

Physa gyrina Say.

Ee » var. Hildrethiana Lea.

P. Sayii Tappan.

P. vinosa Gld. Gould, Miles, Currier, Smith.

P. ancillaria Say.

P. heterostropha Say.

P. Showailterii Lea.

P. Warreniana Lea. Currier.

P. oleacea Tryon. Currier.

P. deformis Currier. Currier.

Bulinus hypnorum L.

B. Tryoni Currier. Currier. ‘This may prove an extreme
form of the above (B. hypuorum )”

Bulinus integer Hald. Currier.

B. Niagarensis Lea.

Planorbis lentus Say. Miles.

P. campanulatus Say.

Pe, - var, minor. Currier.

P. multivolvis Case. This remarkable species was dis-
covered in the northern part of Michigan. ‘The exact locality is
not known and apparently none but the type specimens have ever
been found. It is to be hoped that, when the northern part of
the state is more thoroughly explored, this long-lost species will
be brought to ght again.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.
. truncatus Miles, Miles, Currier.
bicarinatus Say.
ain var. corrugatus Currier.
exacutus Say.
deflectus Say.
albus Mull.
parvus Say.
Segmentina armigera Say.

AU B80) Ah ae

332 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

Ancylus fuscus Ad. Miles, Currier.

A. parallelus Hald.

A. tardus Say.

Valvata tricarinata Say.

V. in var. simplex

V. sincera Say.

V. striata Lewis. Currier. This species is referred to the
preceding by Binney. Currier considers it distinct and, as the
specific name “‘s¢7zata” 1s preoccupied, suggests that of “ Lezezsz7.”

V. humeralis Say. Miles. Thisis a Mexican species and
the reference is without doubt erroneous.

Vivipara contectoides Binn. Binney. Haldeman.

Melantho ponderosa Say. Sager. Miles. Currier.
decisa Say.

5, var. melanostoma Currier, MSS.
integra Say.
rufa Hald.
obesa Lewis.
Milesii Lea. Lea, Currier. Type specimens from
Antrim County, Michigan.

Somatogyrus isogonus Say. Miles, Currier.

Amnicola porata Say.

A. pallida Hald.

A. lustrica Say.

A. limosa Say.
A
A

fos a2

. Cincinnatiensis Anth.
. grana Say.
Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say.
P. Cincinnatiensis Anth. This species was cited in the
catalogue of Ann Arbor shells on the authority of Mr. Beecher.

Pleurocera elevatum Say.
P. neglectum Anth.
P. subulare Lea.

J.C., ti., Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN 333

Goniobasis livescens Mke.

G. Milesii Lea. Type specimens from Tuscola County
Michigan.

G. depygis Say. Sager. As this species does ‘not appear
in any of the later lists, the citation is perhaps erroneous and may
refer to a form of G. /zvescens.

G. pulchella Anth. Miles, Tryon.

G. virginica Gmel. Sager, Miles. This species is purely
an eastern one and the reference is no doubt erroneous. As 2.
subudare is not quoted in either of the above lists, it may have
been the species intended.

Unio alatus Say.

Unio asperrimus Lea. Miles, Currier.

U. ceelatus Con. Sager, Miles. Undoubtedly erroneous
as the species is a southern one.

U. Canadensis Lea.

U. cariosus Say. Sager, Miles. Very doubtful.

U. circulus Lea.

U. coccineus Lea.

U. complanatus Sol. Sager, Miles. Evidently a mistake
as the species is confined to the east.

U. cornutus Bar. Currier.

U. elegans Lea. Miles, Currier.

U. ellipsis Lea.

U. ellipsiformis Con. This species is described and
figured by Conrad in his Monograph as from Michigan. N othing
more is known about it. It is placed among the species unknown
to him by Dr. Lea in his last Synopsis and must remain in un-
certainty until re-discovered or identified by some fortunate
collector.

U. gibbosus Bar.

U. glans Lea. Miles, Currier. A very rare species in this
state. The only locality from which it is recorded is at Pontiac

334 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

where it was found nearly twenty years ago.

Unio gracilis Bar.

U. iris Lea. Sager, Miles, Currier. This species is of
rather questionable occurrence in this state. It appears in all the
lists, but has probably been confounded with UW. Wovt-Eboracz,
a closely allied species.

U. leevissimus Lea.

U. Leibii Lea. I obtained a single specimen of this rare
species several years ago from the Detroit river.
ligamentinus Lam.
luteolus Lam.

. multiradiatus Lea.

. nasutus Say.

Novi-Eboraci Lea.

. occidens Lea.

penitus Con. Sager, Miles. A southern species and

eGrecees

evidently an error in identification.

U. perplexus Lea. The form of this species found in the
Detroit river has been described as var. perobliguus by Conrad in
his Monograph.

U. phaseolus Hild.

U. pustulatus Lea.

U. pustulosus Lea. Sager, Miles.

U. radiatus Lam. Cited by Currier as @ distans Anth.
Anthony’s species was from Ohio and is referred to rvadiatus by
Mr. Lea.

U. Rangianus? Lea. Several years ago I found a single
female specimen in the Detroit river, which has been referred to
this species. The identification is not my own and may be
doubtful.

U. rectus Lam. Two forms of this species from Michigan
waters have been described as distinct. One from the Detroit
river as U. Sageri by Conrad and the other from Livingston

J.C, i, Nov., 1879

WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN. 335

County as W. leprosus by Miles.
Unio rubiginosus Lea.
. Schoolcraftii Lea.
. spatulatus Lea.
. subovatus Lea. Miles, Currier.
. subrotundus Lea. Sager, Miles.
. tenuissimus Lea. Miles, Currier.
. trigonus Lea. Miles, Currier.
. triangularis Bar.
undulatus Say. Sager, Miles.
. ventricosus Bar. ‘
argaritana complanata Bar.
deltoidea Lea.
Hildrethiana Lea.
. marginata Say.
rugosa Bar.
undulata Say. Sager. Undoubtedly an error as the
species is an eastern one.
Anodonta Benedictii Lea.

SS 22 Se Ceoeceeoce sc

A. decora Lea. Anthony, Currier. Among the Axodons
from this state described as new species by Anthony, one form,
A. tnornata, is referred to this species by Mr. Lea.

A. edentula Say. Our most abundant species, and like
all our Axodons extremely variable. A well marked variety
occurring in the small lakes in the interior of the state has been
described as A. rhombica Anth.

A. Ferussaciana Lea. Sager, Miles, Currier.

A. fluviatilis Dill. Sager, Miles. As the species is an
eastern one, the citation is evidently erroneous.

A. Footiana Lea. A very abundant and variable species.
Two forms have been described as distinct by Anthony, ze., A.
McNett and A. opalina.

336 WALKER: SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

A. fragilis Lam. A very common species and extremely
variable. No less than five forms (4. flava, glandulosa, imbricata,
zrisans, and pallida) have been described as distinct by Anthony
and one (A. suwbcarinata), by Currier.

A. imbecilis Say.

A. Marryatana Lea. A. subinflata Anth. and A. Hough-
tonensts, Currier, MSS., are forms of this species.

A. modesta Lea. Purely a Michigan species. The type
specimen was found near Kalamagoo and the species has since
been found in other localities in the state.

A. ovata Lea. One of Anthony’s varieties, 4. sudangulata,
is considered a form of this species.

Pepiniana Lea. Miles.

plana Lea.

salmonia Lea.

. Schafferiana Lea. Miles, Currier.

. subcylindracea Lea.
subglobosa Anth. Anthony, Currier. Of twelve

varieties of Anodonta from this state described by Anthony as new
species, this is the only one considered as valid by Mr. Lea in his

>DD>pDDD

last Synopsis.

Spheerium sulcatum Lam.

S. aureum Prime. Prime, Currier. The typical specimens
of this species are doubtfully referred to Lake Superior by Prime.
If that be the fact, the species will probably be found in the
northern part of the state.
solidulum Prime.

. Striatinum Lam.

. rhomboideum Say.

. fabale Prime.

. occidentale Prime.

emarginatum Prime. Prime, Currier. (Lake Superior)
. flavum Prime. Prime, Currier. (Lake Superior.)

DNNNHNHN

J.C., ii., Nov., 1879

SMITH : TWO SPECIES OF MADAGASCAN HELICES. 337

S. partumeium Say.
S. Jayanum Prime. Originally described from Lake
Superior. In the summer of 1875 I obtained a single specimen
at Houghton Lake, Roscommon county. Its actual occurrence
in the state is thus made certain.
S. transversum Say.
S. secure Prime.
S. truncatum L.
Pisidium virginicum Bourg.
. Adamsi Prime. Prime, Currier.
zequilaterale Prime.
compressum Prime.
. variabile Prime.
abditum Hald.

var. abyssorum Stimpson MSS. Smith.
A “very small translucent form” from the great lakes. Originally
obtained in the deep waters of Lake Michigan. According to
Smith it has been dredged from a depth of 159 fathoms in Lake
Superior.

Dv pUD VN

DESCRIPTIONS TO TWO SPECIES OF HELICIDE
FROM MADAGASCAR,
By EDGAR A. SMITH, F.Z.S.,

Zoological Department British Museum.

The list of species of Madagascar land shells is, I conclude
by no means yet complete, for almost every collection of any size
which reaches this country appears to present a few novelties.
The two forms about to be described were collected by two
gentlemen, the Rev. W. D. Cowan and Mr. C. Shaw, engaged in
missionary labour, out of respect for whom I have much pleasure

338 SMITH : TWO SPECIES OF MADAGASCAN HELICES.

in associating with their names their own respective discoveries.
The 4. Covant is especially interesting as very closely representing
in the eastern hemisphere a form occurring in Chilli.

In addition to this He//x the British Museum obtained from
Mr. Cowan a fine example of the species originally described by
Shuttleworth under the name of Sfz7ax7s eximza, and more recently
by Angas in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1877,’
as Bulimus balstont. Inthe second part of Shuttleworth’s ‘ Notitiz
Malacologicee’ (p. 13), it is placed in the genus Columna, which
location is sanctioned by Pfeiffer in vol. vill. (p. 252) of his ‘mono-
graphia Heliceorum.’ It does not however appear to me to be
conveniently placed, and its character in my judgment is rather
that of Stenogyra.

Helix (Macrocyclis) Covani.

Shell broadly and openly umbilicated, moderately thick,
orbicularly depressed, lightish-brown becoming more olivaceous
upon the spire, decussately sculptured with fine spiral striz and
oblique lines of growth producing a subgranulated surface. Spire
depressed, with slightly convex outlines and a somewhat raised
apex. Whorls 5—54in., rather convex, enlarging moderately slowly
and separated by an impressed suture. Last volution large,
rounded at the periphery, a little descending and compressed
anteriorly, more feebly sculptured beneath, except within the
umbilicus, than above, and exhibiting no trace of an angulatiou
around the umbilicus. The !atter is open and perspective to the
apex. Aperture oblique, white. Peristome subsimple; its upper
margin prominent in the middle, thin, apparently scarcely expanded,
collumellar edge slightly thickened, expanded and reflexed.
Greatest diameter 36 mill., smallest 30, altitude (resting upon its
base) 16 mill. |

This species is very like the Chilian HW. /axata. The general
form is the same, and the open character of the umbilicus is
similar and the absence of any angulation in that region upon the

J.Cx ii., Nov. 1879

SMITH : TWO SPECIES OF MADAGASCAN HELICES. 339

whorl separates this from all the Madagascar species of the Aelita
group of Helices. Only a single specimen was collected by Mr.
Cowan and from this I cannot say to what extent the upper
margin of the peristome may at times be expanded, for in this
particular part the shell is somewhat imperfect.

Helix (Ampelita) Shavi.

Shell thinnish, with a funnel-like- umbilicus, orbicular, very
flat above, very acutely keeled, sculptured with oblique subflexuous
lines of growth and most minute spiral striz, and exhibiting,
especially upon the upper surface an irregular fine granulation.
Epidermis yellowish-olivaceous, thin. Spire very little raised, with.
the apex sunk below the penultimate whorl. Volutions four, the
three first feebly convex, the last very sharply carinated above the
middle, visibly concave on each side of the keel, with a brown line
at the suture and with or without a stripe of the same colour upon
the carina. Beneath it is only a little convex, and forms with the
umbilicus which is stained with violet brown, a decided angulation.
Towards the aperture it suddenly descends from the carina about
34 millimeters. Aperture transverse, horizontal, white, exhibiting
the sutural brown band and that at the periphery, when present.
Peristome more or less stained with violet brown, everywhere re-
flexed, the extremities much converging, upper margin oblique,
straightish, lower regularly curved forming an angle at the outer
extremity. Columella slopingly arcuate, violet-brown. Greatest
diameter 27 mill., smallest 22., altitude 12.

This species has the general facies of A. xystera or ZH.
Cazenaretti, both inhabiting Madagascar. The former is a larger
species, more widely umbilicated, with a non-descending last whorl
and a malleated upper surface. The latter, also possessing the
two last mentioned characteristics, is more narrowly umbilicated,
more solid, and in fact appears to differ but very slightly from Z.
lancula.

340 PETTERD: LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES.

LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES.
By W. F. PETTERD.

1. Voluta mamilla Gray.

Habitat—Kangaroo Island, South Australia; Lake
* Macquarie Heads, New South Wales ; North coast of Tasmania
from Tamar Heads to the Duck River.

The largest and perhaps the rarest species of this exquisite
genus. I have collected several fine examples washed ashore
after heavy gales, notably two of very large size at Port Sorell
near Tamar Heads.

2. V. magnifica Chem.

Habitat—Middle Harbour, Port Jackson, New South

Wales, north to Wide Bay, Queensland.

Another fine species much resembling the preceding
both in form and coloration. At the Brunswick River
Heads I obtained several beautiful specimens.

3. V. pulchra Sowerby.

Habitat—Lady Elliott’s Island and Heron Island, N. E.

Australia; reefs off Port Denison, Queensland.

I have obtained a great number of specimens of this
beautifully colored form from the first locality, although it
is anything but abundant.

Variety— Wisemant Brazier.

Habitat—Northeast Australia. Obtained with the typi-
cal form.

4. V. punctata Swainson.

Habitat—Manly Beach, New South Wales to Moreton
Bay, Queensland.

Rarely obtained in a perfect condition. I obtained a few
moderately good examples on the beach between the Rich-
mond and Tweed Rivers after a very heavy gale.

J.C., ii., Nov., 1879

PETTERD: LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES. 341

5. Voluta nivosa Lamarck.
Habitat—Western Australia, as far north as Sharks Bay.
Variety—Vorristz Sowerby.
Habitat—Nicol Bay, Tien Tsin, Flying Foam Passage,
and Camden Harbour, Northwest Australia.
Variety— Sophia Gray.
Habitat—Warrior Reef and Darnley Island, Torres
Straits. Port Essington, North coast.
6. V. maria-emma Gray.
Habitat—Northwest Australia.
7. V. fusiformis Swainson.

Habitat—Broken Bay, New South Wales. Tasmania.
Although this fine species is generally distributed around the
coast of this island, its home seems to be at Circular Head,
where it reaches its greatest size and after gales is very abun-
dant. Some few years back, after a very heavy storm, I
obtained some hundreds of specimens on the Black River
Beach ; many of these were over 7 inches in length. On the
southern coasts it is much smaller, rarely attaining 5 inches
in length.

8. V. piperata Sowerby.
Habitat—Rubiana, Solomon Archipelago.
Variety—Ruckeri Crosse.
Habitat—Florida, Isabel, Savu, Shortland and Bougan-
ville Islands, Solomon Archipelago.

At the two first mentioned islands I obtained a great
‘number of specimens from the natives, who collect them on
the coral reefs skirting the coast,

Variety—Macgillivrayt Cox.

Habitat—Woodlark Island.

This attractively colored variety is often brought to
Hobart Town by the crews of whaling vessels,

342 PETTERD: LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES.

g. Voluta Deshayesi Reeve.
Habitat—North coast of New Caledonia.
to. V. rutila Broderip.
Habitat—Northeast Australia. Torres Straits.
Variety—zunexa Reeve.
Habitat—Louisiade Islands.

11. V. Zebra Leach.
Habitat—Botany Bay, New South Wales, to Moreton
Bay, Queensland.
Very abundant at the Richmond River Heads.
Variety—/ineata Leach.
Habitat—Moreton Bay to Port Denison, Queensland.

12. V. volva Chemnitz.
Habitat-—-Northwest coast, Australia.

13. V. undulata Lam.
Habitat—South Australian coast.
Variety—Angast Sowerby.
Habitat—Port Jackson and Port Stephens, New South

Wales, Victoria, Islands in Bass’s Straits, Tasmania.

Variety—Kingz Cox.
Habitat—Flinders Island, Bass Straits.
Variety— Sclatert Cox.
Habitat—Flinders Island, Bass Straits.
Variety—Australie Cox. |
Habitat—Victoria.

14. V. exoptandra Sowerby.
Habitat—Port Elliott, South Australia.

15. V. reticulata Reeve.
Habitat—Ashburton River, Tien Tsin Creek, Western
Australia.
Variety—eevez Sowerby.
Habitat—Northwest coast, Australia.

J.C;, ii., Nov., 1879

PETTERD: LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES. 343

16, Voluta Turneri Gray.
Habitat—North Australia.
Variety—/amracki Gray.
Habitat—Northwest coast, Nicol Bay.
Variety—L/lioti Sowerby.
Habitat—Northwest Cape, Tien Tsin, Barrow Island,
Northwest coast.
Variety—Lorvots¢ Vallen.
Habitat—Islands off Fortescue River, Western Australia.

r7. V. preetexta Reeve.
Habitat—Tien Tsin Creek, Flying Foam Passage,
Dolphin Island, Northwest Australia.

18. WV. maculata Swainson.
Habitat—Port Curtis, Port Denison, Lady Elliot’s
Island, Northeast Australia.

19. V. Harfordi, Cox.—V. canaliculata McCoy.

Habitat—Broad Sound, Northeast Australia (Brazier)
Wreck Reefs.

I obtained the type specimens from the last mentioned
locality where it is extremely rare, and when found it is
generally broken on the lip. Dr. Cox and Prof. McCoy
obtained their specimens from Mr. R. Thatcher, to whom I
gave several examples.

20. V. papillosa Swainson.

Habitat—North coast of Tasmania, Encounter Bay,
South Australia. Off coast of New South Wales, between
Montague Island and Twofold Bay, dredged in 1,900
fathoms (Brazier).

Variety —Macquariensis.

Shell same form and size as typical but of a more or less
intense yellow colour throughout without any markings.

Habitat— Macquarie Harbour, west coast of Tasmania.

344 PETTERD: LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN VOLUTES.

21. Voluta fulgetrum Broderip.

Habitat—Encounter Bay and Spencer’s Gulf, South
Australia.

22. V. flavicans Gmelin.
Habitat—Port Essington, North Australia, Katow. New
Guinea.
Variety—Zvssotzana Crosse.
Habitat—Port Essington, Liverpool River and Crocodile
Reef, North Australia.
23. V. Rossiniana Bernardi.

Habitat—Isle of Pines, New Caledonia.

24. V. marmorata Swainson.
Habitat—Port Jackson, New South Wales, to Moreton
Bay, Queensland.
I have obtained some very fine examples near the Tweed
River Heads.
25. V. mitriformis Lamarck.
Habitat—Port Lincoln, South Australia, King’s Island,
Bass Straits, North coast of Tasmasnia.
Specimens from the last given locality are generally paler
in color than those from the mainland.
26. V. nucleus Lamarck.
Habitat—Newcastle, New South Wales, Norfolk Island
and Lord Howe’s Island.
27. V. deliciosa Montrouzier.
Habitat—New Caledonia.
28. V. Kreusleree Angas.
Habitat—Glenelg, South Australia.
29. V. Thatcheri McCoy.
Habitat—Bampton Reefs, north of New Caledonia.
Specimens of this rare and beautiful species are often
brought to Hobart Town by the whaling vessels.

J.C, i1., Nov., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 345

30. Voluta pacifica Solander.

Habitat.—North Island of New Zealand.

Variety—gvracilis Swainson.

Habitat—With typical form.
31. V. Brazieri Cox.

Habitat—Clarence River, New South Wales.
32. V. coniformis Cox.

Habitat—Nicol Bay, Northwest Australia.
33. V. Hargravesi Angas.

Habitat—-———_—— ?
34. V. Bednalli Brazier.

Habitat—Port Darwin, North coast Australia.
35. V. Kirki Hutton.

Habitat—New Zealand. (?)

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1.87 Sx

Adami (G. Batt.—Terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca of
the Oglio Valley in the province of Brescia, &c.—
Molluschi terrestri e fluviatile viventi nella Valle d’Oglio,
ossia nelle valle Camonica, di Scalve e di Borlezza, spettanti
alle provincie di Brescia e Bergamo.—Atti della Societa
Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali residente in Padova,
1876, vol. v., fasc. I., with 1 plate.

Balguerie (Alfred:)—and Benoist (André Emile.)—Lists of
fossils from Pessac near Bordeaux.—Comptes Rendus,
Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, xxxii., pp. 8 and 9.
Lists of 88 species are given and remarks on their discovery

and position.

Barrois (J..—Embryology of Bryozoa.—Amer. Nat., Sept:
1878, xll., 617 to 620, and woodcuts.

346 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

A review of M. Barrois.— Recherches sur ’Embryologie des
Bryozoaires Lille 1877, 4to, 305 and 16 plates.

Benoist (Andre Emile.)—Description of a new fossil Trun-
catella.—Comptes-Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878,
XXXll. pp. 4. and 5.

Truncatella Wattebledi Ben., from Merignac near Bordeaux.

The genus appears to have been previously unknown in the
south west of France.

Benoist (André Emile.)—Marniere du Haute-Livrac.—
Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxii.,
Oh) wey

Characterized by the abundance of Donax transversa.

Benoist (Andre Emile.)—On the genus Mesostoma.—Sur
le genre Mesostoma.—Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
1878, vol. Xxxil., pp. 17 and 18

Six species known in the miocene ; 4 of them in the inferior
and 2 in the middle miocene.

Benoist (André Emile.)—On Pholas dimidiata and P.
Branderi.—Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878,
VOLIXxxUe pL:

Benoist (André Emile.)—List of Fossil Shells from Uzeste.
—Etude des Terrains d’Uzeste aux carriéres d’Illon.—Comtes
Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxii., p. 55 and 56.

The list includes 31 species of mollusca.

Benoist (A. E.)—On several species of Fossils from
Gaas.—Sur plusieurs espéces de fossiles des marniéres de
Gaas.—Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, vol.
SK DONS
Various shells cited.

Benoist (André Emile.)—Fossils of the Gironde.—L’Etage
Tortonien dans la Gironde.—Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn.,
Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxil., p. 85-90.

Several very long lists of fossils are given.

J.C., ii., Nov., 1879

_ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 18709. 347

Boettger (Dr. O.)—The Fauna of the Thuringian Forest.
—Zur Schneckenfauna des Thiiringer Waldes und der siidlich
angranzenden coburgischen und meiningen’schen Gebiete.—
Nachrichtoblatt d-dents., Mal. Ges. Jan. 1871, x 1-3.

Seven different localities are mentioned as having been
collected at. The last includes 4 Hyalne, a Patula, 10 Helices,
a Luliminus, a Clausilia, a Cronella, 2 Pupe, 2 Succinee, and a
Lymnea. |
Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Description of seven new

species of Terrestrial and Marine Shells from Aus-

tralia.—Proc. Linn. Soc., New South Wales 1878, iii, 77
to 81.

Flelix Bebias; H. Zebina; H. Bala; H. Mazee; H. Nicomede ;
and H. Beddome ; all from various localities in Queensland ; and
Voluta Bednallt from Port Darwin.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Mollusca of the Chevert Ex-
pedition continued.—Proc. Linn. Soc., New South Wales
1878, ill. 155.

Turbo ( Gibbula ) supragranosus Smith, various localities cited.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Notes and remarks on Mollusca
recently found in Port Jackson and New Cale-
donia.—Proc. Linn. Soc., New South Wales 1878, ii. 369
to 371.

These notes refer to Haliotis parva L., and its congeners,

Dentalium lubricatum Sow., Anatina Angasi (Crosse and Fischer),

Panopea Australis Sowerby, all from New South Wales, and

Broderipia iridescens (Broderip) from New Caledonia.

Brazier (John, C.M.Z.S.)—Continuation of the Mollusca
of the Chevert Expedition.—Proc. Linn. Soc, New
South Wales 1878, ii. 368 and 360.

One species of /usus, 4 of Pleurotoma, 2 of Acus, 1 Cerithium

(s. g. Colina), and 1 Aipponyx are enumerated.

Brock (J.)—On the Sexual Organs of the Cephalopoda.— _
First contribution.—Zeits. f, Wissensch. Zool. xxxii., part I.
(issued Dec. 19, 1878), 4 plates.

348 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878,

Butterell (J. Darker..)—Helix rotundata var. alba at
Hessle near Hull.—Hobkirk and Porritt’s Naturalist, Sept.
1878, iv. 25.

Five specimens taken.

Butterell (J. Darker.)—List of the Land and Freshwater
Mollusca of Hull and Vicinity.—Hobkirk and Porritt’s
Naturalist, Dec. 1878, iv., 70 to 72.

The list includes of Spherium 2, Pisidium 4, Anodonta 2,
Neritina 1, Bythinia 2, Hydrobia 1, Valvata 2, Planorbis 9,
Physa 2, Lymnea 5, Ancylus 1, Arion 2, Limax 4, Succinea 2,
Vitrina 1, Zonites 8, Helix 18, Bulimus 1, Pupa 2, Clausilia 3,
Achatina 1, and Carychium 1, species and varieties.

Calkins (W. W.)—Note on Ranella clathrata Gray.—
Amen) Nat. Hebi 0873, xi. wes

Collected at Cedar Keys, Florida: not before known for the
eastern coast, 7. caudata being the usual form and abundant in
Florida.

Call (R. Ellsworth.)—Mode of Distribution of Freshwater

Mussels.—Amer. Nat., July 1878, xii, 472 and 473.

Unio rubiginosus Lea, U. gibbosus Barnes, and U. pressus

Lea, are the subjects of this note. The first two are western
species, introduced to the east by means of the Erie Canal.
The latter otherwise a western species occurs in a small lake
in New York State, and the problem is, how has it been introduced.

Call (R. Ellsworth.)—Buccinum undatum L.—Amer. Nat.,
June 1878, xi, 397.
Collected at Stonington, Connecticut.

Clessin (S.) A new Vitrella —Eine neue Vitrella—Nachrichts-
blatt d. deuts., Mal. Ges., Jan. 1878. X. 9-10.

V. Tschapeckt.
Conacher (John, Junr.) Limax tenellus and Anodonta

cygnea var incrassata, in Scotland.—Hobkirk and
Porritt’s Naturalist, July 1878, iii., 177 and 178.

].C.. ii., Noy. 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 3249

Both forms were found at Irvine in Ayrshire, and the first-
named also in the island of Bute.

Coues (Dr. Elliott) and Yarrow (Dr. H. C.)—Notes on the
Natural History of Fort Macon, N.C., and vicinity
(No. 5)—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1878, pp. 297 to 328.

A list of mollusca is given at pp. 301 to 304, including an
Ommastrephes, a Loligo, an Acus, an Anachis, a Columbella, a
Cerithiopsis, an Lulima, a Strombus, a Mitra, 2 Marginelle, a
Porcellana, a Scalaria, a Crepidula, a Littorina, a Volva, an
Utriculus, a Styliola, a Teredo, a Zirphea, a Donax, a Glycimerts
(Panopea), a Mya, a Saxicava, a Tottenta, a Chione, a Lucina,
an Argina, a Modiolaria, a Modiola, a Pinna, a Crassatella, a
Molegula, a Cynthia, and an Amarectum, and 17 species of the
following genera of Polyzoa:—Crisia, Amathia (2), Vesicularta,
tea, Bugula, Acamarchis, Membrantpora (2), ? Cupularia,
Biflustra, Hippothoa (3), Cellepora, Lepralia and Discopora.

Crane (Miss Agnes.)—Recent and Fossil eee giep eds, =
Geol. Mag. Nov. 1878.

Crane (Miss Agnes.)—The General History of the Ce-
phalopoda, Recent and Fossil.—8vo., pp. 16, Brighton,
1878.

Crana (Miss Agnes.)—The General History of the Cepha-
lopoda, Recent and Fossil.—Geol. Mag. Nov. 1878,
New Ser. Decade II., vol. v., p. 487 to 499.—Brighton and
Sussex N. 1. S.

Crowther (Henry).—Whitby.—Hobkirk and Porritt’s Natura-
list, Dec. 1878 and Jan. 1879, iv. 73-74, and 81 to 85.
Discursive notes on various mollusca—land, freshwater and

marine, found at this part of the Yorkshire coast. At the conclu-

sion priority is claimed for the discovery of the occurrence of Zectura
testudinalts in Yorkshire, and the consequent extension of its
geographical range southward.—This however is not a new fact,
having been several times before recorded, notably by Dr. Jeffreys

350 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

in the 5th vol. of his standard work.

Crowther (Henry).—Unio margaritifer at Whitby.—
Hobkirk and Porritt’s Naturalist, Oct. 1878, iv. 40.

Occurred in company with the var. sizwafa Lam., in the
river Esk.

Dale (C. W.)—List of land and freshwater mollusca of
Glanville’s Wootton parish, Dorsetshire.—In the
History of Glanville’s Wootton, in the county of Dorset,
including its Zoology and Botany.—-London, 1878, pp. 331
to 334.

The molluscan fauna of this parish hardly appears to have
been thoroughly investigated, as Mr. Dale’s list only includes 39
species, of which 2 are Spherium, 2 Pisidium, 1 Unio, 1 Bythinia,
1 Valvata, 7 Planorbis, 2 Physa, 2 Lymnaea, 1 Ancylus, 1 Succinea,
3 Zonites, 8 Helix, 1 Bulimus, 2 Pupa, 1 Vertigo, 1 Cyclostomus:
1 Avion and 3 Limax.

Dale (C. W.)—History of Glanville’s Wootton including its
Zoology and Botany.—Crown 8vo., 2 photos. 12s., Hatchards,
187, Piccadilly, Sept. 1878.

Fielden (H. W.)—The Land and Freshwater Mollusca
of the Maltese Group.—dZool. May 1878, p. 193, &c.

Fischer (Dr. Paul.)—Essay on the Geographical dis-
tribution of the Brachiopoda and Mollusca of the
Oceanic Littoral of France.—Essai sur la Distribution
Géographique des Brachiopodes et des Mollusques du littoral
océanique de la France.—Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878,
SOU [OO MMENE RO) IEE
This lengthy and elaborate essay is intended to compare the

fauna of the Western Coast of France with those of the British

Isles and of the French Mediterranean coast-line. The first

section treats of the sub-divisions of the Western Coast of France,

three in number: ist, che regton of Normandy or of the Manche,
which extends from Dunkirk to Cape la Hogue: 2nd, the Armort-
can region, from Capela Hogue to the mouth of the Loire; 3rd,
the Aquitanian region extends from the Loire to the Biddassoa.

J.C., ii., Nov., 1879

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 351

In the second section is cited a list, with localities, of 8 Brachio-
poda and 561 Mollusca (including 176 Acephala, 2, Pteropods
362 Gastropods, and 21 Cephalopods). Of these however, 21 are
considered doubtful. For comparison, the numbers inhabiting
the British seas are cited, thus; 5 Brachiopods, 167 Acephala, 2
Pteropods, 363 Gastropods and 12 Cephalopods, total 549 species.—
The Mediterranean fauna includes 1,015 species (10 Brachiopods,
273 Acephala, 19 Pteropods, 660 Gastropods and 53 Cephalopods).
Of the 569 species in the French Oceanic list, 336 are also found
in the British and Mediterranean seas, 91 others in the British
seas but not in the Mediterranean, 82 in the Mediterranean but
not in the British seas, while no less than 60 are found neither
in the British nor Mediterranean Seas.

The 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th sections are devoted to detailed com-_
parisons of these various lists, while the 8th deals with the origin
of the marine mollusca of the French Oceanic Coast, from a
geological point of view—the conclusion being that the fauna
includes more species of Mediterranean than of British origin and
that it is consequently of a most pronounced Mediterranean type.
But the great fact elicited is the extensive range of most of the
species, both now and in the past. Out of 380 fossil forms, 159
were common to the Northern and Mediterranean seas, and the
same may be said of 336 out of the 559 recent species. .

The oth section treats of the changes in the limits of the
habitat of the species, and the roth of the species which are fossil
in England and no longer exist there at the present time, but
which now live in the French and Mediterranean seas. The 11th
treats of the fossil species of the Mediterranean basin which do
not now exist in that sea, but are to this day found living in the
French and British seas. The 12th treats of the recent extension
of species of Mediterranean origin ; the 13th of the influence of
ocean-currents, the 14th of bathymetrical distribution, the rsth
of the species found at extreme depths in the Gulf of Gascony ;
while a bibliographical index concludes the paper.

352 PROC. CONCH. SOC. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
50th Meeting.

The President Mr. W. Nelson in the chair.
Minutes of last meeting were read and confirmed.
NEW MEMBERS.

Mr. John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., of Sydney, and Mr. J. W.
Cundall, Carrville, Bristol were proposed for membership.

DONATIONS OF SHELLS TO MEMBERS AND SOCIETY’S COLLECTION.

The Secretary read a communication from R. D. Darbishire,
Esq., B.A., B.Sc., of Victoria Park, Manchester, offering to present
specimens of Panopea Aldrovandi from Faro.

The specimens referred to were laid on the table and the
thanks of the Society were voted to the donor.

EXHIBITIONS.

Mr. JoHN W. Tavtor exhibited a number of Australian
Physe whicn he had received for examination from J. H.
Ponsonby, Esq., of London, and which had been acquired from Mr.
Angas.

A number of shells were brought forward and distributed
amongst those members requiring them.

Mr. R. ScuarrF exhibited specimens of

Felix arbustorum Flelix rufescens

Pupa umbilicata felix sericea
from Hardraw Scar, Wensleydale.

Mr. W. D. Rorsuck, exhibited the following shells from
Wetherby, collected by Dr. Wesley :—

Helix Cantiana Flelix hortensts (small.)
Pisidium pusillum, from Baildon Moor.

J.C., ii. Nov., 1879

PETTERD : WOODS’ “CENSUS OF TASMANIAN SHELLS.” 353

CRITICAL REMARKS ON THE REV. J. E. TENISON
WOODS’ “CENSUS OF TASMANIAN SHELLS.”

IBY WWW> I> 1P18, PIM TIRIDY,
The following specimens are synonymous :—
Assiminea the same as “7ssoa scenne.
Trophen Srazieri the same as Siphonalia castanea.

The only feature of difference is that S. castanea are
beach-worn specimens.

. Siphonalia pulchra the same as Plewrotoma philomene.

The only difference between these shells is that Szphon
alia pulchra is a young shell with the lip undeveloped.

. uma globosa the same as Ruma umbilicata, but some-

what larger than the typical forms.

. Conus Macleayana is the same as Conus rutila.

There can be but little doubt that Woods’ species C.
Macleayana is but a large specimen of C. rutila, vide
description.

Phasianella delicatula.

This is but the young immature P. ¢zfonzs. Ihave
collected specimens showing every gradation of growth.
Turbo Simsoni.
Undoubtedly, but the young of Z) wndulatus. Speci-
are to be found as often with as without the carination, which
is lost on the more mature growth of the shell.

. Carinidea Tasmanica.

As the Rev. Mr. Woods supposes, but the young of C.
aurea. I have aseries illustrating the stages of growth from
the. fry to the fully developed C. auzea, collected on various
parts of the coast. It is somewhat abundant in certain
localities on the South coast and also at Tamar Heads, on
the North coast, at low water on the rocks and large stones.

354 PETTERD: WOODS’ “CENSUS OF TASMANIAN SHELLS.”

9. Gibbula multicarinata.
This is but a very beach-worn dead specimen of Clan-
culus nodo-liratus, with the lip broken or not fully developed.
to. Trochus Australis
Is in all probability fully grown Gzbbula depressa.
tr. Kraussia Atkinsoni
Is but one of the varieties of K. Lamarkiana, a variable
shell both as to shape and markings.

The shell described as Gouldia Tasmanica, in Pro.
Royal Soc. Tas., by Rev. T. Woods, for 1876, is but the free
fry of an undescribed species of AZyochama that I have ob-
tained with the dredge at Long Bay parasitic on Fecten
Jumatus, as isshown by the umbones of a series in my collec-
tion which shows the gradual development, from the free
swimming form, till it obtains its mature growth on the
Pecten. Probably it is also to be found in other shells, but
hitherto I have only noticed it on the shell before mentioned.
In this case as the mature form is not described, perhaps it
may be as well to designate it MZyochama tasmanica—Kellia
tasmanica is omitted from the ‘Census.’

I cannot agree with the remarks of Mr. Woods in ‘Census,’
in reference to the species of the genus Chzton. No doubt they
show great varieties in color according to age, and they may vary
much in growth and form according to the rock to which they
attach, or the various parts of the coast may have more or less
influence on their development. Nevertheless I consider the
number of species very great and as a rule extremely restricted in
their distribution, and that an individual species does not vary to
any great extent, or in fact more than any other species of mol-
lusk. Many other very distinct species are known to local
collectors here, besides those enumerated that have been obtained
in a living condition and not young or worn shells. In my
opinion Tasmania is rich in Chzzons,

PETTERD: ON THREE NEW HELICES. 355

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ZEZ/CES FROM
AUSTRALIA.

.

By W. F. PETTERD:

1. Helix Fernshawensis, n. sp.

Shell perforated, convexly depressed, dull brown, very
irregularly, prominently streaked with lines of growth;
whorls 4%, spire small, convex, apex smooth, blunt, some-
what corroded, suture well marked ; last inflated, not
descending in front, periphery rounded ; base convex,
marked same as upper surface ; aperture very large, lunately
rounded, margin distant, columellar margin suddenly ex-
panded, entirely covering the perforation, peristome simple.

Diameter, greatest 614, least 5 ; height 3%, mill.

Habitat—Fernshaw, Victoria.

A very distinct species, allied to 4. radians Pfr. said
to be from Port Jackson, New South Wales, and more
closely to A. Vitrineformis Cox, from Tasmania. I am
indebted for this and the other species now described to the
kindness of my friend, Mr. W. Kershaw.

2. Felix Dandenongensis, n. sp.

Shell widely unbilicated, flatly discoid, pale blueish-
white, prominently, closely, regularly ribbed, interstices
decussate ; spire flat, suture very much impressed ; whorls
5%, regularly increasing, convex, apex smooth, last slightly
flattened above, periphery rounded; base convex, sculptured
as above, running into the umbilicus, which is very large,
shallow, freely exposing the whorls and flat at the bottom;
aperture lunate, margins distant, peristome simple, columellar
margin very faintly expanded.

Diam., greatest 5, least 4; height 1% mill.

Habitat—Dandenong Range, Victoria.

Somewhat plentiful. The nearest species that I am

356

SCHARFF: ON A HYBRID RUMINA DECOLLATA.

acquainted with to this is HZ Aassz Brazier, from Tasmania,
from which it differs in its much larger size, depression of
the upper portion of the body whorl, and the peculiar um-
bilicus, which is very characteristic and which separates it
from all other Australian species.

3. Helix Otwayensis, n. sp.

M.

Shell small, imperforate, thin, orbicularly-depressed,
fawn-color, finely and closely ribbed throughout, interstices
minutely decussate; spire flat, apex smooth; whorls 5%
convex, striz as above, aperture ovately-lunate, margins
distant, joined by a thin, shining callus, columellar margin
slightly thickened, peristome simple.

Diam., greatest 2, least 11% ; height 1, mill.

Habitat—Cape Otway, Victoria.

A pretty little shell resembling A /émula Cox, from
Tasmania, and H. sericatu/a, Pfr. from New South Wales.

The above species are very interesting, as they add to
our knowledge of the least known portion of Australia, as
far as the land molluscan fauna is concerned. Possibly many

more species will be discovered in the dense brushes and
mountain ranges.

SS OE SSS

NOTES ON A HYBRID RUMINA DECOLLATA.
By ROBERT SCHARFF.

In the transactions of the ‘‘ Societe Linneenne” of Bordeaux,
Gassies gives an account of his latest researches on a hybrid of

Rumina decollata (LB. decollatus.)

As the result of these studies will be interesting to con-

chologists, I take the liberty of giving a few extracts from his
elaborate paper on this subject :—

“In 1875, a friend of mine presented me with a few

SCHARFF: ON A HYBRID RUMINA DECOLLATA. 357

specimens of the Algerian variety of the &. decollata, which
is nearly as large again as the specimens I collected at Agen,
in the South of France. {i then possessed a considerable
number from the latter locality, and put them together in one
large box, specially made for the purpose, and ascertained

the pairing of two varieties.

‘“‘ Some time after, the box was filled with hundreds of
young, of which I chose the strongest, and kept them in a
separate place.

‘““ I watched them very attentively, and soon perceived
that they seemed to belong to the Algerian variety. TJ.ike that,
the back of the animal was of a dark violet color, whilst the
foot had a slightly yellowish tint.

“The shell was dark brown, bearing small longitudinal white
lines.

“Nothing extraordinary manifested itself during the first
year ; most of them closed their aperture by means of an
epiphragm, and remained inert during the winter season.

“Tn spring 1877, I remarked that the peristome of several
specimens grew like that of the original Algerian decol/ata.
The size of the shell was rather short, and the spire was com-
posed of only four whorls. In fact, they were like the French
Specimens as regards size, only heavier and thicker.

“‘ The following year I was obliged to neglect my pupils
on account of various other occupations. However, as they were
in my room, I one day opened the boxes to see whether they were
well provided for, when I perceived to my great astonishu:ent,
a few of them with a continued peristome, possessing a dentiform
blade, which seemed to me quite abnormal.

“JT have in my collection FR. decollata from various parts
of France, Italy and Algiers, and I have only seen one individual
where I have been able to see a commencement of denticulation

358 PETTERD: ON HELIX WELDII.

or thickness of the upper junction of the peristome.
At present I possess several hundred of these hybrids, all
furnished with this peculiar dentiform lamellum.”

eee OE

NOTE ON GELIX WELDII Woops.
By W. F. PETTERD.

This extremely minute species is of great interest, as it is
the only sinistral /e/zx hitherto discovered in Australia. Among
our numerous species of //e/¢zx there are one or two that come
somewhat near it in general characters, yet it is nevertheless very
distinct and it is invariably reversed. Its habitat is very restricted,
being only found, as far as at present known, in one locality, at
the foot of the high rocks near the township of Stanley, Circular
Head, Northwest coast of Tasmania. In habitat it is somewhat
peculiar, as it is only to be obtained on the upper surface of blocks
of rock that are overgrown by a thick mass of vegetation, associat-
ing with two or three larger species of the same genus. It is
somewhat abundant, and generally a number are found clustering
together in the same crevice or indentation of the rock.

> 2+ a

‘BIBLIOGRAPHY.

INS) WS

Bellardi (Prof. Luigi.—New Fossil Genus of Bullidz
from Piedmont and Liguria.—Descrizione di un nuovo
genere della famiglia delle Bullide fossile del terreno plio-
cenico inferiore del Piemonte e della Liguria.—Bull. Soc.
Mal. Ital., 1876, i1., pp. 207 to 210 and tav. C, fig. 5, 6, 7, 3.
The new genus is named Saéa/za, instituted for the recep-

tion of S. Zsseld Bellardi (= Bulla plicata Bellardi, non Deshayes).

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1879. ' 359

Brugnone (l’Abate G.)—Two New Fossils from Altavilla,
Sicily.—Due specie fossili nuove di Altavilla.—Bull. Soc.
Mal. Ital., 1876, 11., pp. 216 to 218 and tav. C, fig. 3, 4.

Pleurotoma (Drillia) pseudosigma and Mitra De-Stefaniz.

Conrad (T. A.)—Note on a Cirripede of the Califor-
nian Miocene, with remarks on Fossil Shells.—
roca AcwNaty scree niladkncs 7/0. spps)2 14) tone 5.
felix strangulata Ad. (Virginia), Jnoceramus Sow., Aphrodina

Conrad, Jdonearca Conrad, Haplotherus, Anchura, &c., are

noticed.

Deby (Julien).—Fossil Shells of West Flanders.—Note
sur ’Argile des Polders, suivie d’une liste de fossiles qui y
ont été observés dans la Flandre Occidentale.—Ann. Soc.
Mal. Belg., 1876, x1, pp. 69. to go.

This paper is mainly devoted to Foraminifera and Diatoms,
and only includes a list of 14 mollusks.

Gabb (W. M.)—Notes on American Cretaceous Fossils,
with Descriptions of some new species.—Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Philad., 1876, pp. 276 to 324 and plate 17.

This paper is in one sense a geographical list of the fossils of
Georgia and includes the names of 4 (Vautilus, 2 Ammonites, 1
Hlamites, 1 Fusus (a new subgenus, Lxzlifusus), 3 Surcula, 1
Drillia, 2 Lagena (s.g. of Tritonitum), 1 Nassa, 1 Fasciolaria, 3
Cryptorhytis (s.g. of Fasctolaria), 6 Pyropsts, 3 Volutoderma (new
genus created from Fulgoraria), 1 Letoderma, 6 Volutomorpha
(new genus), 1 Rostellites, 1 Ptychosita (new genus, connecting
Ficulopsis and Ficus), 2 Gyrodes, 1 Amauropsis, 2 Lunatia, 3
Opalia (s.g. of Scala), 2 Anchura, 1 Aporrhais, 1 Turbinopsis, 1
Gyrotropis (new genus allied to Z7tchotropis), 1 Turritella, i
Laxispira (new genus), 1 Bivonia, 1 Eudoptygma (new genus,
allied to Phorus), 2 Ataphrus, 1 Xylophagella (s.g. of Turnus), 2

360 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

Martesia, 1 Leptosolen, 1 Legumen, 1 Periplomya, 1 Solyma (not
Solemya), 1 Pholadomya, t Cymbophora, 1 Schizodesma, 1 Tenea,
1 Zellina, 1 Gart, 1 Peroneoderma, 2 Cyprimeria, 3 Trachy-
cardium (s.g. of Cardium), 1 Granocardtum (ditto), 3 Crassatella,
1 Anthonya, 1 Opts, 1 Lithophaga, 1 Lnoceramus, 3 Trigonia,
t Ventlia, 7 Idonearca, 1 Nemodon, 1 Trigonarca, 1 Axinea, 2
Nucula, 1 Nuculana, 1 Camptonectes, 1 Sincyclonema, Netthea, 1

Granger (Albert)—Lists of Fossils from Cette, France.—
Observations sur des roches provenant du canal, 4 Cette.—
Compte Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, -1878, vol. xxxii.,
p. 60 and 61.

Harmer (F. W., F.G.S.)—List of Mollusca from the
Norfolk Goast.—gr marine species. Taken from a paper
by him on the marine mollusca of the Norfolk coast.—Trans.
Nor. Nat. Soc., vol. 1, p. 42, 1869-74.

Harting (J. E.)—The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of
Sussex.—Zool., March 1878, third series, ii, 84 to 94,
Api 137o,1:, 122 toro, MayerS7o.il 1 On itomos:

Hastings and St. Leonard’s Philosophical Society.—
The Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonard’s
and the vicinity.—1878, 8vo., pp. 68.

This little book is a list of names embracing the whole fauna
and flora of the portion of Sussex included. Localities are not
given, although indications of rarity or frequency of occurrence are
The list of 5 Cephalopoda, 2 Nudibranchiata, 48 Prosobranchtata,
1 Solenoconchia, 50 Pulmonobranchiata and 67 Conchifera—
altogether 173, of which 21 are freshwater and 37 land shells—
The introduction hints that Mr. A. W. Langdon will receive
additions to the list, which we hope 1s only the prelude to a more
complete and detailed fauna and flora of that district.

Heimburg (H. von.)—Molluscan Fauna of Oldenburg.—
Zur Mollusken-fauna von Oldenburg.—Nachrichtsblatt
Deuts. Mal. Ges., Jan. 1878, x., 4 to 6.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 361

To the former list are added a Zamax,a Hyalina,a Cionella,
2 species of Limnea, 2 of Pianorbis, a Valvata, and 2 species
of Hydrobia. The paper concludes with a number of additional
remarks on Helix Canttana and other species.

Heller (Prof. C.) Contributions tothe fuller knowledge
of the Tunicata.—Sitzungsberichte der k. ak. d. Wissen-
schaften. Section I, Mathematics—Natural Science, vol.
Ixxvil., part 2, Feb. 1878. 6 plates.

Hesse (P.)—Contribution to the Molluscan. Fauna of
W estphalia.—Verhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Vere-
ines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens—35th
year, vol. v., part I, (Bonn: Max Cohen & Son, 1878.)

Ihering (Dr. H. von.)—Contributions to the Anatomy of
Chiton.—Morphologisches Jahrbuch, vol. iv., 1878.

Jeffery (William) Land and Freshwater Mollusca of

Sussex.—Zool. May 1878, vol. ii, 180 and 181.

A list of 14 species additional to Mr. Jeffrey’s list of West
Sussex mollusca, published in 1868 (Zool. May). 1 Paludina,
2 Helix, 1 Limnea, 1 Ancylus, 2 Physa, 5 Planorbis, 1 Pistdium,
and 1 Unio.

Jeffreys (J. Gwyn, LL.D., F.R.S.)—Notice of some shells
dredged by Capt. St. John, R.N., in Korea Strait.—
Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool. 1878, vol. xiv., 418 to 423.

Dr. Jeffreys gives remarks on numerous species common to
the Northern portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and
their probable common origin in the Arctic Ocean, the method of
dispersion being a bifurcation of the Arctic Current. Capt. St.
John’s dredgings confirm this view.

Jeffreys (Dr. J. Gwyn, F.R.S.)—Notes on some British
Land and Freshwater Shells.—Annals and Mag. N. H.,
Nov. 1878, pp. 377 to 382.

Dr. Jeffreys discusses Dr. Baudon’s monograph of Succinea

362 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

and criticizes his conclusions.—Dr. Jeffreys adds to the British
fauna a species, S. wivescens Morelet=S. debits, Baudon,
=var vitrea of S. putris, Jeff. Next comes under discussion
Dr. Westerlund’s diagnoses of HY. hispida and H. concinna, and
his synonymy of H. wirgata. Dr. Jeffreys changes the name of
his Irish specimens of Vertigo, which he had previously called
Moulinstana, to V. Litljeborg?, and brings forward the true J/ou-
linstana Dupuy, as an addition to the British list, with several
localities. Another addition, is Vertigo tumida Westerlund,
hitherto in Dr. Jeffreys collection under the name of V. pusilla
var. Anote follows on V. angustior Jeff. Notes on the synonymy
of Clausilia rugosa Drap., and on a reversed specimen of Valvata
piscinalts Mill., concludes the paper.

Leidy (Prof. Jos, M.D.)—Remarks on Mactra.—Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philad. 1878, pp. 332 and 333.

The note has reference to JZ. solidisstma, the Beach-clam,
frequent on the sandy coast of New Jersey; and to its numerous
enemies, especially JVatica heros; also to the diatoms which form
its food.

Leidy (Prof. Jos, M.D.)—On Donax fossor.—Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad. 1878, pp. 382 and 383.
This shell, known as the ‘ Digger” was abundant at Cape
May, N. J., when Prof. Leidy made the observations in this note
upon its habits and its parasites (a species of Fluke, &c.)

Lewis (James, M.D.)—On Unio subrostratus Say.—Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1878, p..273.

The author’s endeavour is to dispel the obscurity which has
been thrown round this shell by the influence of trifling errors.

Lockington (W. N.)—Walks round San Francisco. No.
Ill. Lake Honda and Seal Rock.—Amer. Nat., Dec.
1871, vol. xil., pp. 786 to 793.

Includes notes on freshwater and marine mollusca.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 363

Lockington (W. N.)—Walks round San Francisco.—The
Bay Shore.—Amer. Nat., Aug. 1878, vol. xi, p. 505 to 512.

Notes on, inter alia, the common mollusks, marine or
terrestrial.

Lockwood (S.)—Argonauta tuberculosa.—Amer. Nat.,
ANG WSUS, VOL sath, Os SOO:
Having found it on the coast of New Jersey, the author thinks
its geographical range is enlarging.

Macleay (William, F.L.S.)—On the power of locomotion
in the Tunicata.—Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,
LOPS, WO, ili, [0 Sai Brac ei,

Malaise (M. C.)—Discovery of Brachiopoda of the genus
Lingula.—Bull. de ’Ac. R. des Sc., des Lett. et des B. arts
de Belgique, second series, vol. xlvi., 1878.

Mather (Fred.)—Freshwater Mussels and Ducks.—Amuer.
Nat., Oct. 1878, vol. xii., p. 695.

It is not possible to keep ducks in some parts of Virginia, as
at low water the ducklings were liable to be caught and held by
the mollusks till drowned by the rising tide. |

Mazyck (Wm. G.) and Vogdes (A. W.)—Description of a
new fossil from the Cretaceous Beds of Charleston
S: Gi —Eroc, Acad:) Nat) Set Philady 1878, pav2724 and
woodcut.

Anomia Andersonii.

Monterosata (Marchese di)—Enumeralization and sy-
nonyms of the Conchifera of the Mediterranean.—
Giornale di Scienze naturali ed economische.—(Palermo
1878, vol. xiii.)

Montauge Freres (M.M. de.)—Practical Studies on the
enemies and maladies of the Oyster in the Basin of
Arcachon.—Etudes pratiques sur les ennemis et les maladies
de l’Huitre dans le bassin d’Arcachon.—Actes Soc. Linn.
Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxil., p. 217 to 245.

364 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

The vegetable enemies enumerated include Zostera marina L.
Ceramtum rubrum Ag., Ulva lactuca L., Ceramium diaphanum
Roth., C. letevirvens Kg., and various Diatomacez. The list of
animal enemies includes crabs (Polyéius Henslowei Leach, and
Carcinus Manas, Penn.) Fishes( Carcharias glaucus Cuv., Trygon
pastinaca Cuv., and Cvrentabrus viridis LL.) Mollusca (ALurex
evinaceus L., and WVassa reticulata Desh. ), Echinoderms ( Asterzas
rubens Gmel.), Crustacea (Palemon sguilla Edw. and Talitrus
saltator Edw.) the mussel (JZytt/us edulis L.) various marine
worms (a Filarian one, and <Aventcola piscatorum Lk.), Polyps
and Ascidians. Numerous diseases are also described and named.

Owen (Prof.)—Memoir on the relative positions to their
constrictors of the chambered shells of Cephalopods.
—Zool. Soc., Nov. 19th, 1878.

Packard (A. S., junr..—Some characteristics of the Zoo-
geographical province of the United States.—Amert.
Nat.; Aug. 1878, vol. xil., p. 512 to 547.

This paper though not dealing specially with mollusca will
yet be of considerable interest to the malacologist.

Pfeffer (Dr. George.)—Contributions to the knowledge of
the Hermaphroditism and the Spermatophores of
Gasteropoda.—Archiv fiir Naturgesch, 44th year, vol. I,

pant el plates

Poulsen (Dr. C. M.)—CGatalogue of West India Shells in
the collection of Dr. ©. M. Poulsen, of Copenhagen.
—8vo., p. 16.

This list includes 353 land and freshwater, and 800 marine

species from various West Indian localities.

Sars (G. O.)—Molluscan Fauna of Arctic Norway.—
Bidrag til kundskaben om Norges arktiske fauna, I, Mollusca
Regionis Arcticee Norvegiz.—Christiania, 1878, 3vo., p. 466.
May and 52 autographic plates.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878. 365

Stefani (Dott. Carlo de)—and Pantanelli (Dott. Dante.)—
Pliocene Mollusca of the Sienna District.— Molluschi,
pliocenici dei Dintorni di Siena.—Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 1878,
vol. iv. and v.—112 and not finished.

The list is prefaced by a lengthy introduction, a table of the
pliocene strata of Sienna and their fossil contents, an elaborate
bibliography and a note on the numbers of species described by
each author, and includes 2 species of Anomia, 1 Gryphea, 2
Ostrea, 1 Spondylus, 1 Janira, 2 Amusstum, 3, Pseudamusstum,
t Syodts, 9 Pectens (of one of which, P. flabelliformis Brocchi, a
variety is described as new, Bosniackit Stef. & Pant.,) 3 Ainnttes,
2 Lima (one of them new, L.+Targioniz S. & P.) 1 Perna, 1
Meleagrina, 2 Pinna, 1 Mytilus, 1 Modiola, 1 Lithodomus, 2
Modiolaria, x Dretssena, 2 Arca, 5 Barbatia (one new, B.
Mortilleti S. & P.) 3 Anomalocardia, 1 Soldanta, 2 Pectunculus,
2 Limopsts, 4 Nucula, 1 Netlo,2 Voldta, 4 Leda, 1 Mytilicardia, 3
Cardita, 1 Woodta, 1 Scintilla (a new species dbipartita S. & P.)
2 Tellimya, 2 Kellia (one of which K. peregrina S, & P. is new)
1 each of Mysia, Ungulina, and Loripes, 3 Lucina, 1 Jagonta, 2
Chama, 1 Pecchtolia, 2 Levicardium, 5 Cardium, 1 Lsocardia, 1
Metocardia, 1 Cypricardia, t Circe, 1 Artemis, 5 Cytherea, to
Venus, 3 Tapes, 2 Venerupis, 1 Petricola, 1 each of Donax, Capsa
and Arcophagia, 5 Tellina, 3 Psammobia (of which one is new, P.
Plancd 8S. & P.), 2 Syndosmia, « Mesodesma, 2 Ervilia, 1 each of
Solen, Panopea, Saxicava, Thracia and Pandora, 2 Mactra, 1 each
of Eastonia, Lutraria, Eucharis (new, £. Cypricardina S. & P.)
3 Corbula, 1 Sphenta, 2 each of Clavigella, Gastrochena, Jouan-
netta, 1 each of Teredo, Cresets, Cleodora, Diacria, Siphonoden-
talium, Cadulus, 2 Entalis, 6 Dentalium, 1 Scaphander, 1 Sabatia
(new, S. wétriculotdes S. & P.), 3 Atys (two new, A. Silvestriz
S. & P., and A. cannabis S. & P.), 2 Haminea, 1 Volvila, 2
Cylichna, 2 Ringicula, 1 each of Bullina, Acteon, Fissurella,
Margarita, 4 Zizyphinus (two new, Z. simulans S. & P. and Z.
Lawleyt S. & P.), 1 Clanculus, 5 Gtbbula (of one of which G.

366 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1878.

adriatica Philippi, is described a new var. Seguenzaz S. & P.), 2
Turbo, 2 Phastanella, 2 Adeorbis, 3 Neritina, 2 Torinia, 5
Solarium, 3 Cirsotrema (one new C. ansonia S. & P.), 4 Opalia
(one new, O. ridens S.& P.), 6 Scalaria, 2 Typhis, 18 Murex,
3 Purpura, 2 Euthria, 1 Metula, FPollia, 5 Fusus, 1 each of
Phos, Cyclops, Pseudostrombus, 2 Eitone, (one new, £. Paretot
S. & P.), 20 Wassa (new, V. Lidbasstd de Stefani VV. Tournouéri
S. & P=. Basteroti auct.), 6° Columbella (one new, C. vittata
S. & P.), 3 Stvombina, 4 Fasciolarta and 6 Mitra.

Stearns (R. E. C.)—Description of a new species of
Dolabella from the Gulf of California, with remarks
on other rare or little-known species from tne same
region.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1878, p. 395 to 4or
and plate 7.

The new species is Dolabella Californica. ‘The other species
referred to are Wurex ( Ocinebra) erinaceoides Val. (=? AZ. californt-
cus Hds.); MJacron dithiops Reeve (=M. Kelletiii Hinds) ;
Cyprea (Luponts controversa Gray; and Onchidella Carpentert,
Stearns(= Onchidium Carpentert W. G. Binney). Remarks by
Mr. G. W. Tryon junr., are intercalated in the remarks on some

of the species.

Studer (Prof. T.)—Contribution to the Natural History
of the Invertebrate animals of Kerguelensland.-—
Arch. fur Naturgesch, 44th year, vol. 1., part I., 3 plates.

Smith (Edgar A., F.Z.S.(—Abnormal growth of a New
Zealand Land Snail.—Zool., Feb. 1878, 3rd series, vol.
ll., pp. 61 and 62.

A specimen of Paryphanta Hlochsettert Pfr., from the Whaka-
marama Mountains, N.W. of Nelson, N.Z., the peculiarity of
which consists in the flexibility of its substance and the total
absence of the shelly deposit which lines the interior of normal
specimens—Mr. Smith surmises that it had been reared in a
situation where it was unable to obtain the requisite quota of car-

bonate of lime.

BIBLIOGRAPH Y OF 1878. 3267

Schneider (Dr. Oscar.)—Natural History of Caucasus.—
Jour. of Isis Soc. of Dresden.—Mollusca—by Editor,
arachnoids, hemiptera, alga, minerals, rocks, fossils, 160,
pp- and 5 plates.

Tate (Prof. Ralph.)—Descriptions of three New species
of Helix from South Australia.—Proc. Linn. Soc.,
New South Wales 1878, vol. i1., pp. 290 and 291.

Helix induta, related to H. Lincolnensis Pfr., North Para
River ; H. pectelis, resemble A. Penolensis Cox, slopes of the
Cape Northumberland Cliffs; and &. avenicola, closely resembling
the European A. rupestris, Holdfast Bay and Surveyor’s Point
Yorke’s peninsula and River Murray Cliffs at Mannum.

Wattebled (G.)—Discovery of Cyrena Geslini at
Merignac.—Découverte du Cyrena Geslini 4 Mérignac.—
Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxil.,
pale

Wattebled (G.)—On a new shell-bearing fossil at
Sime.—Sur un nouveau gisement coquillier 4 la Sime.—
Comptes Rendus, Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1878, vol. xxxiL.,
p.6r.

Yields Cardita Jouanneti.

Wattebled (G.)—The habitats of some of the Mollusca
of the mountains of the Basses-Pyrenees.—Note sur
Vhabitat de quelques mollusques terrestres dcs montagues des
Basses-Pyrénées.—Comptes Rendus Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
1878, vol. xxxul., pp. 81 to 82.

The notes refer to Helix constricta Boub., 7. Quimperiana

Fér., Claustlia Pauli, Aszeca tridens Pult., Pomatias obscurus

Drap., and Unio Margaritifer L.

Weatherby (W. G.)—Terrestrial Mollusca of Texas.—
Amer. Nat., March 1878, vol. xi, p. 184 and 185 and 2
woodcuts.

Notes on various species of Helix, Zonites, ABulimulus.
_ Felicina and Pupa. A new variety of Helix vultuosa is described
under the name of 4. Cofez; collected in Hardin County.

3268

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

ee 78).

Solis Mieeti mig.
Held at the Society’s room, Leopold Square, Leeds.
Minutes of last meeting read and confirmed.
NEW MEMBERS.
The following ee were unanimously elected members

of the Society :—
Mr. John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., of Windmill St., Sydney,
Mr. J. W. Cundall, Esq., of Carville, Bristol.
DONATION TO THE LIBRARY.

A Monograph of Tasmanian land shells by Mr. W. F. Petterd
presented by Mr. W. F. Petterd, of Launceston, Tasmania, and
the thanks of the Society was voted to the donor.

; PAPERS READ.

The conchological fauna in the alluvium of rivers, how to
procure the various species and their comparative numbers, by
Mr. Robert Scharff, vice-president of the Society.

[This paper is printed in the ‘ Journal of Conchology.’]

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
Mr. J. W. TayvLor—President.
W. Cash, F.G.S., and Mr. W. Netson— Vice-Presidents.
T. W. BeLL—Secretary.
R. ScHARFF— 7veasurer.
W. Denison RorBuckK—Lecorder.
COMMITTEE.
Mr. B. Houeate, F.G.S., of Leeds.
Dr. His Evans, of Bradford.
Mr. J. W. Davis, F.S.A.; F.L.S., &c., of Halifax,
J. D. BurreReELt, of Hull.
A. LEICESTER, of Liverpool.

99

99

be)

9

99

9?

Vol. LI.

1. Cionella Gloynii Gibbons. 2. Succinea gyrata Gibbons. 3. Helix
Peiterdiana Taylor. 4. Stenogyra lucida Gibbons. 5. Ennea Taylori
Gibbons. 6. Amphipeplea Petterdi Nelson. 7. Physa Brisbanica Nelson
and Taylor. 8. Fhysa Beddomei Nelson and Taylor. 9. Physa fusiformis
Nelson and Taylor.

JANUARY, 1879.

THE

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ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PaGE. -

Notes on Colonel Montagu’s Collection of British Shells. ee Gw ia
Jeffreys, L.L.D., F.R.S. :

Limneea peregra, Muller, in Tasmania.—W. Nelson ...

Occurrence of a new British variety—Pupa secale var. Boileausiana,
Charp.—John W. Taylor ...

Description of a new variety of Pupa secale—Pupa secale. var.
edentula,—John W, Taylor

Note on Limnza glutinosa, Mallee. —C. Ashford

- The Mollusca of the Fiords nee Bergen, Norway.—Rev. ae M.
Norman, MA. Pes BC see BAe eA , nob

LONDON:
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EXCHANGE.

Zonites excavatus, C. tridens var. crystallina, and C, —
tridens var. Nouletiana offered in exchange for other species or
varieties. —JOHN W. Taytor, St. Ann Street, Leeds.

OFFERED.—Duplicate Land and Marine Shells from South ~
Africa, the West Indies, &c. Wanrep — Foreign Shells. — |
J. S. Grssons, 2, Belmont Terrace, Portswood, Southampton.

WanTED.—Any of the following in exchange “for 28 parts of
Sowerby’s “English Botany.” — Rossmassler’s ‘‘Iconographie,”
3 vols., coloured plates, Jeffreys’ ‘‘British Conchology,” 5 vols.,
coloured plates, or an equal number of parts of the ‘Journal de
Conchyliologie.”——J. D. BurrERELL, 26, Coltman Street, Hull.

AUSTRALIAN SHELLS,

W. T. BEDNALL,
ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Will supply parcels of Australian ‘Shells, with correct names and
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requests for special genera or species will be complied with. :
Many hundred species of Australian and South Sea Island Land
and Marine; Freshwater not extensive. Reference:—Mr. J. W.
TayLor, editor of this journal.

Address :-—
Woot BE DNALEE,

ADELAIDE, S. AUSTRALIA.

No. 2.] FEBRUARY, 1879. [VoL. 2.

THE

JOURNAL

CONCHOLOGY.

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Pace.
The Mollusca of the Fiords near Bergen, Norway.—Rev. A. M.
Norman, M.A. ee ee ay Nes ne ae some ele
pe
LONDON:

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REPORT ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER
SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE.

- The Editors of the 7C., having been requested by the York-
shire Naturalists’ Union to prepare a report on the Land and
Freshwater Shells of the county, giving a full list of localities for
every species and variety, desire to enlist the co-operation of con-
chologists. Not only do they desire to receive full county
records and lists, but as they are combining with the local
matter a new revision of the British species, embodying results
of investigations since the publication of Dr. Jeffreys’ book,
they wish to be favoured with the temporary loan of critical and
closely allied species and varieties from any part of the world for
the sake of comparison. All specimens will be carefully returned
free of expense, or if desired, arrangements will be-made for
their acquisition by purchase or exchange. The first portion
of the report is already published in the ‘‘Transactions” of
the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and includes the Conchifera.
Address all Communications to—
JOHN W. TAYLOR,
“Journal of Conchology”’ Office,
St. Ann St. LEEDS.

0.

EXCHANGE,

Zonites excavatus, C. tridens var. crystallina, and C
tridens var. Nouletiana offered in exchange for other species or
varieties. JOHN W. Tay Lor, St. Ann Street, Leeds.

OFFERED.—Duplicate Land and Marine Shells from South
Africa, the West Indies, &c. WanTED — Foreign Shells. —
J. S. Grpzons, 2, Belmont Terrace, Portswood, Southampton.

WanTED.—Any of the following in exchange for 28 parts of
Sowerby’s ‘English Botany.” — Rossmassler’s ‘ Iconographie,”
3 vols., coloured plates, Jeffreys’ ‘‘ British Conchology,” 5 vols.,
coloured plates, or an equal number of parts of the “Journal de
Conchyliologie.”—J. D. BurrERELL, 26, Coltman Street, Hull.

AUSTRALIAN SHELLS.

W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Will supply parcels of Australian Shells, with correct names and
localities from 1os. upwards, postage included: Where possible,
requests for special genera or species will be complied with.
Many hundred species of Australian and South Sea Island Land
and Marine; Freshwater not extensive. Reference:—Mr. J. W.
Taytor, editor of this journal.

Address :— W.3. 3B ED NGA Aas ean
ADELAIDE, S. AUSTRALIA.

No. 3.] MARCH, 1879. [VoL 2.

THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PaGE.
The Mollusca of the Fiords near Bergen, Rees —Rev. A. M.
Norman, M.A. ate ; # a Jsct O05
Nassa trifasciata, Gmelin.—F. P. ee wes BA ae Begala vfs)
Notes on Nassa elegans, Sow.—F. P. Marrat ... 4s, Boe LOE ETS
Notes on the Geographical Distribution of coe Poe Gmel.
—Wm. G. Mazyck .. ee AG see fe)
List of the Freshwater Shells of Tasndnia: __w. ¥, Petterd Sent OO
The Mollusca of Barents Sea, between Spitzbergen and Novaya
Zemblia.—W. S. M. D’Urban, F.L.S. ... Ma i : 88
Notes ona few Tasmanian Land and Freshwater Shells.—W. hes 95
Colonising Land Shells.—W. F. Petterd... sae Fou sae .. 96
$e
LONDON :

HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY, W.
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., St. ANN’s STREET.

PRICE ONE SHILLING.

REPORT ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER
SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE.

The Editors of the /.C., having been requested by the York-
shire Naturalists’ Union to prepare a report on the Land and
Freshwater Shells of the county, giving a full list of localities for
every species and variety, desire to enlist the co-operation of con-
chologists. Not only do they desire to receive full county
records and lists, but as they are combining with the local —
matter a new revision of the British species, embodying results
of investigations since the publication of Dr. Jeffreys’ book,
they wish to be favoured with the temporary loan of critical and
closely allied species and varieties from any part of the world for
the sake of comparison. All specimens will be carefully returned
free of expense, or if desired, arrangements will be made for
their acquisition by purchase or exchange. The first portion
of the report is already published in the “Transactions” of
the. Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and includes the Conchifera.

Address all Communications to—

JOHN W. TAYLOR,
“ Journal of Conchology’’ Office,
St. Ann St., LEEDS.

Oe

EXCHANGE.

Zonites excavatus, C. tridens var. crystallina, and C
tridens var. Nouletiana offered in exchange for other species or
varieties —JoHN W. Taytor, St. Ann Street, Leeds.

OFFERED.—Duplicate Land and Marine Shells from South
Africa, the West Indies, &c. Wanrep — Foreign Shells. —
J. S. Grezons, 2, Belmont ‘Terrace, Portswood, Southampton.

WantTrpD.—Any of the following in exchange for 28 parts of
Sowerby’s ‘English Botany.” — Rossmassler’s ‘“Iconographie,”
3 vols., coloured plates, Jeffreys’ “British Conchology,” 5 vols.,
coloured plates, or an equal number of parts of the “Journal de
Conchyliologie.”—J. D. BuTTERELL, 26, Coltman Street, Hull.

AUSTRALIAN SHELLS.

W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Will supply parcels of Australian Shells, with correct names and
localities from 10s. upwards, postage included. Where possible,
requests for special genera or species will be complied with.
Many hundred species of Australian and South Sea Island Land
and Marine; Freshwater not extensive. Reference:—Mr. J. W.
TaytLor, editor of this journal.

Address :-— Weert SB ED NACL,
ADELAIDE, S. AUSTRALIA.

OF ; O :
+4 tt: at t
he Arjerican Natnealist:
A Popular Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Natural History
and Travel.

Contains Departments of Botany, Zoology, Geology, Anthropology,
Paleontology, Geography and Exploration, and Microscopy, and gives
each month the proceedings of Scientific Societies, a digest of the
Contents of Foreign Scientific Journals, and the latest Home and
Foreign Scientific News. Price 18s. per annum (By Subscription).

Tmo B Nea E & CoO.,

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ae

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Edited by F. BucHanan Wautrt, M.D., F.LS.

Annual Subscription 4s., post free. Single Numbers rs, 2d.

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THE NATURALIST:
Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and General
Field Club Record.
Edited by C. P. Hopxire, F.L.S., & G.T. Porrirr, F.L.S,
Monthly price 4d., or 4s. per annum (in advance).

Containing Original Articles on Natural History subjects; Papers read
at Meetings of Natural History Societies and Field Clubs; Reports of
Meetings and Excursions; Notes and Queries; Exchanges; Diary of
Meetings, &c. The Volumes commence with the August Number in
each year. Volume IV. commenced August, 1878. Post free of

Ce Publisher, Huddersheld.
TO COLLECTORS OF FOREIGN SHELLS.

A, gentleman in Tasmania is anxious to correspond
with collectors who can send him Land Shells from Siam,
China, Cochin China, and Japan, for Shells from Tas-
mania, Australia, and South Sea Islands.

Address— Lisut. ©. &. BEDDOME, Jun.,
millerove,
Srowns River Road,
HOBART TOWN,
TASMAWNTA.

G. B. SOWERBY,
45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON,

Names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public afd
Private Museums ; supplies desiderata, and entire Collections, from a large and
valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts
of the World.

PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION. Spesimens sent for Selection
45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON,

And at no other address.

ROBERT F. GEALE,
Natural History Agent,

(Many years with the late HUGH CUMING)

SHELLS, INSECTS, BIRDSKINS, EGGS, REPTILES, &O.

Gollections Bought or Sold on Conmiscun

No. 55, GREAT RUSSELL STREET,

Opposite the British Museum, LONDON.

Che Lombe-Taylor Collection
OF SHELLS.

This is undoubtedly the largest private Collection of Shells
in the World. The late proprietor, during the 50 years preceding his
death, lost no opportunity of acquiring specimens, besides purchasing
several entire collections, noteably that of Gaskorn, and the greater
part of the shells collected in the voyages of the ‘“Sulpher” and
«‘Samarang.”

The entire cost of the collection was about £17,000.

The above celebrated collection is now placed for sale in the hands
_ of G. B. SowErBy, and may be seen and selections made between
the hours of 10 and 4, at

45, Great RussELL Street, Lonpon, W.C.

List of the Land and Freshwater Shells of Madeira.

aK Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.
» List of the Limnzide of North America.
Compiled by Witi1am Netson, Pres.C.S.G.B. & I. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per doz., post free.

List of the Land Shells of North America.
Compiled by J. W. Tayior. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.

List of British Land and Freshwater Shells.
Price Three Half-pence each, or 9d. per doz., post free.

To be had of TAYLOR BROS., Printers & Lithographers, St. Ann-st., LEEDS.

No. 4] - APRIL, 1879. [VoL. 2.

THE

POURNALE -

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE
Colonising Land Shells.—W. F. Petterd... igs ah hs Poh OF
Testacella Maugei in Jersey.—Martin M. Bull, F.R.C.P.L. ... fae OS
Comparison of Omalonyx unguis, D’Orb., with O. Felina, Guppy.—

J. S. Gibbons, M.B. Ra nee Hes ee ae «6-99
New Species of Tasmanian Marine Shells.—-W. F. Petterd ... w. 102
Annotated Catalogue of the species of Cypreeidz collected in the
South Sea Islands. —Andrew Garrett... oa ae ve 105
Helix fusca (Montagu) near Redcar.—C. Ashford a BH RN ete:
LONDON :

HARDWICKE G BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY, W.

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BOOKS RECEIVED.

The American Naturalist. —Edited by Prof. A. S. Packard, jun.,
'.€vo., Nov.—Dec., 1878. [The Editor.
The Naturalist.—Edited by GP) Hobkirk! HUE S:; and Geonae
Porritt, F.L.S., of Huddersfield, 8vo., Nov-Dec, 1878.

[The Editors.
On the Opercula of the Family Strepomatide. — By W. D.
Hartman, M.D., 8vo., pp. 3. [The Author.
Procés-Verbaux des Séances de la Société Malacologique de
Belgique.-—-Tome vil., 1878, pp. 92. [The Society.
Biicher-Verzeichniss von R. Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin.—
No. 281, Conchyliologie, 1878. [The Publishers.
Science News, published fortnightly by S. E. Cassino.—Vol. L,
No. 4, Salem, Mass., Dec. 15, 1878, pp. 28, 8vo.
[The Publisher.
Descriptions of ten new species of shells.—By G. B. Sowerby, jun. ©
—P.Z.S., Nov. 5, 1878, 8vo., pp. 4anda plate. [The Author.
Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.
Edited by Dr. W. Kobelt, Frankfort, Oct. 1878, 8vo., pp. go

_ and a plate. [The Editor.
Journal de Conchyliologie.—Edited by Crosse and Fischer, Paris,
Oct. 1878, 8vo., Be, 138 and 2 les [eee Editors.

FOR SALE Bais £175,

A very fine and complete COLLECTION OF UNIVALVES, jnetualing about
8,000 species, of which 1,800 are Marine & 1,200 Land & Freshwater.

The larger species are usually only represented by one speci- |
men, and the smaller ones by two or more, in Glass Boxes.

OUTLINE OF THE COLLECTION.

Murex tenuispina (2), palma rose, and 37 others. Volufa :
cymbiola, rutila, pallida, volvacea, fustformis, fulgetrum, angulata,
and 22 others. Jfitra, about too species. Cyprea aurora,
umbtlicata, sulcidentata, exusta, tessellata, Capensts, and about 120
other species. Harpa imperialis (2) and 6 others. Zion,
Persona, Ranella, about 80 species. AZarginella, 50 species.
Terebra, 50 species. Vassa, about 120 species. Columbella and |
Engina, 80 species. Conus, about 100 species. Oliva and
Ancllaria, about 60 species. Zusrhinide and Trochide, about —
175 species.

LaND SHELLS.

felix, including Manina and Cochlostyla, about 430 species.
Bulimus, Bulimulus, and Buliminus, about 80 species. Clausilia,
gospecies. Achatinella and Partul/a, about120 species. Streptaxis,
5 species. JZelaniade and Strepomatide, about 110 species.
Paludina, Tanalia, Ampullaria, &c., about 40 species. Cyclostoma,
ffelicina, Cataulus, Cyclophorius, and other operculated land shells
(many genera) about 130 spécies.

_ Apply—British Naturalists’ Agency, cave
St. Ann Street, LEEDS.

Ne. MAY, 1879. [Vou. 2,

THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE
- Notes on the Habits and Distribution, &c. of certain W. Indian
Pulmonifera.—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. ee 129
Notes on some of the Land Shells of Curacao, W.I. ; with descriptions
of two new species.—]J. S. Gibbons, M.B. ae 135
Discovery of Gundlachia in Tasmania.—W. F. Petterd.. “ 137

Descriptions of two new species of Land Shells, and remarks on
others collected on the E. African Coast.—J. S. Gibbons, M.B. 138

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF I872:) «- vs vse ee tne 146
REPRINTED ARTICLE: ©

. First Sketch of a Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the Gulf of Paria and
its neighbourhood—Part I. Mollusea.—R. J. Lechmere Guppy,
F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., etc. (Extracted from the Proceedings of the
Scientific Association of Trinidad, pp. 134 to 157.) ... Baa

—> 2+e<_

LONDON :
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Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska. Article IV.
Report on the Limpets and Chitons of the Alaskan and
Arctic Regions, with descriptions of genera and species
believed to be new.—By W. H. Dall, Dec. 16, 1878, pp. 63
to 126 and 5 plates, 8vo. [The Author.

Muscatine Daily Tribune, April 16, 1878 (report of a paper on
the Geology of Muscatine.—By Prof. F. M. Witter).

[The Author.

Bulletino della Societa Malacologica Italiana.—Vol. IV., 1878,
fogli 1—14. sae [The Society.

Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1878.—
Descriptions of new forms of mollusks from Alaska contained
in the collections of the National Museum.—By W. H. Dall,
8vo., pp. 16. [The Author,

lOO

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Under this heading it is desired to keep up a continuous
record of contemporary conchological literature. It is hoped that
authors and societies will assist by furnishing copies of their
publications.

FOR SALE--Price £175,
A very fine and complete COLLECTION OF UNIVALVES, including about
8,000 species, of which 1,800 are Marine & 1,200 Land & Freshwater.
The larger species are usually only represented by one speci-
men, and the smaller ones by two or more, in Glass Boxes.

OUTLINE OF THE COLLECTION.

Murex tenutspina (2), palma rose, and 37 others. Voluta
cymbiola, rutila, pallida, volvacea, fusiformis, fulgetrum, angulata,
and 22 others. .Mfitra, about 100 species. Cyprea aurora,
umbtlicata, sulcidentata, exusta, tessellata, Capensts, and about 120
other species. Marfa imperialis (2) and 6 others. Z>zton,
Persona, Ranella, about 80 species. Marginella, 50 species.
Terebra, 50 species. Vassa, about 120 species. Columbella and
£ngina, 80 species. Conus, about 100 species. Oliva and
Ancillarta, about 60 species. TZurbinide and Trochide, about
175 species.

LAND SHELLS.

Ffelix, including Manina and Cochlostyla, about 430 species.
Bulimus, Bulimulus, and Buliminus, about 80 species. Clausilia,
go species. Achatinella and Partula, about120 species. Streptaxis,
5 species. Melaniade and Strepomatide, about 110 species.
Paludina, Tanalia, Ampullaria, &c., about 40 species. Cyclostoma,
LHTelicina, Cataulus, Cyclophorus, and other operculated land shells
{many genera) about 130 species.

Apply—British Naturalists’ Agency,
St. Ann Street, LEEDS.

No. 6] JUNE, 1879. [Vou. 2.

THE

a
CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

PH OOARL LR EY JOORNAL OFF CONCHOLOG ¥.

CONTENTS.
REPRINTED ARTICLE: PAGE

First Sketch of a Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the Gulf of Paria and
its neighbourhood—Part I. Mollusca.—R. J. Lechmere Guppy,
F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., etc. (Extracted from the Proceedings of the

Scientific Association of Trinidad, pp. 134 to 157.) ... ee LOX
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES:
The late C. R. Thatcher ... Se oe Sos Boe Li
The Formation of Conchological Libraries Dey ee nce ac quenen Li fe
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1873: eee eee 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1874: «=... se ase 176
PROC. CONCH. SOC. Great Britain and Ireland ... sco RgS
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS:
Valvata Cristata in the Vale of York. ... Soe .. W. Nelson 185
Clausilia rugosa var. albida at Smeaton, Yorkshire. ... W. Nelson 185

List of Marine Shells collected on Fitzroy Island, North Coast of
Australia ; with Notes on their Geographical Range.
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S, 186

—> 3+ oe

LONDON :
HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PIccADILLy, W.
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS, St. ANN STREET.
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRAssE, 11,

PRICE ONE SHILLING,

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Descriptions of Two New Species of Cypreea.—By S. R. Roberts.
—(Amer. Journal of Conch. 1868, pp. 250—1, and plate xv.)
[The Author.
On some New Species of Oliva, and On a New Trivia.—By F. P.
Marrat.—(From Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist., Sep. 1867, p. 3).
[The Author.
Observations on some proposed new species of Oliva.—By F. P.
Marrat.—(Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., June 1868, 4 pages).
[The Author.
On a Collection of Pteropods and Heteropods.—By F. P. Marrat.—
(Ann. & Mag. N. H., June 1868, 1 page). [The Author.

EXCHANGE.

The undersigned has for ExcHANGE—LAND SHELLS from :

Australia, Central and Western Polynesia; also the new and rare
species from New Guinea and New Caledonia. The dredged Marine
species of Port Jackson correctly named.—/or copies of Papers,.
especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the Geographical distribution
of Animals.. East Indian and South American Land Shells taken.

SOHN! PRA ZEEE RR
Curacoa House,
11, WINDMILL STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W

FOR SALE--Price £175,

A very fine and complete COLLECTION OF UNIVALVES, including about
8,000 species, of which 1,800 are Marine & 1,200 Land & Freshwater.

The larger species are usually only represented by one speci-
men, and the smaller ones by two or more, in Glass Boxes.

OUTLINE OF THE COLLECTION.

Murex tenuispina (2), palma rose, and 37 others. Voluta
cymbiola, rutila, pallida, volvacea, fusiformis, fulgetrum, angulata,
and 22 others. Jfitra, about roo species. Cyprea aurora,
umbilicata, sulcidentata, exusta, tessellata, Capensis, and about 120
other species. arpa imperialis (2) and 6 others. Zyiton,
Persona, Ranella, about 80 species. Marginella, 50 species.
Terebra, 50 species. JVassa, about 120 species. Columbella and
Engina, 80 species. Conus, about 100 species. Oliva and
Ancillaria, about 60 species. Zurbinide and TZrochide, about
175 species.

LAND SHELLS.

Helix, including Manina and Cochlostyla, about 430 species.
Bulimus, Bulimulus, and Buliminus, about 80 species. Clauszlia,
go species. Achatinella and Partula, about120 species. Streptaxis,
5 species. Melaniade and Strepomatide, about 110 species.
Paludina, Tanalia, Ampullaria, &c., about 40 species. Cyclostoma,
Felicina, Cataulus, Cyclophorus, and other operculated land shells
(many genera) about 130 species.

ee _ Apply—British Naturalists’ Agency,
St. Ann Street, LEEDS.

JULY, 1879.

THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS:
List of Marine Shells collected on Fitzroy Island, North Coast of
Australia ; with Notes on their Geographical Range.
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

Helice lamellata Fefreys near Redcar ... ae oe C. Ashford
Land Shells collected at Puerto Plata, S. Domingo—J. S.Gibbons, M.B.
Descriptions of some New Tasmanian Helices ... W, F. Petterd
Discovery of Diplomphalus in Tasmania ... ... * W. F. Petterd
Note on Cochlicopa tridens (Pultney) ... se J. W. Taylor

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES:
University Honors ... ,
Zoological Stations at Beane sit beniees

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1875

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876 ss

PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL: SOCIETY

of Great Britain and Ireland
— 3 ~<a

LONDON :

DAVID BOGUE, 3, ST. MARTIN’s PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., St. ANN STREET.
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASsE, 11.
HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND.

PRICE ONE SHILLING.

The “Fournal of Coychatogy.’

The Journal is published Monthly, price 1/1 or oe per
annum, post free to any part of the world.

Special attention is given to the following points :—.

I. Original papers on all branches of the science, descriptions of new
species, geographical lists, &c. In illustration, plates and woodcuts will
appear as required.

IJ. Bibliographical notices will be given of all articles appearing in
other journals, as well as of separate books and pamphlets. As it is desirable
that this department should be as far as possible a complete guide to con-
temporary corchological literature, authors are invited to forward copies of
all their works, and Societies of their publications.

III. The proceedings of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and
Ireland, of which this journal is the official organ, will be published from
time to time. The Journal is supplied free to all members of the Society.
Information as to terms of membership may be obtained on application tothe
Secretary, 21, Leopold-square, Leeds.

IV. A page or so will be devoted each month to Conchological News,
such as notes on the movements of travellers, acquisitions and notices of
museums and collections, announcements of forthcoming sales, notes and
prices realised at such sales, news of dredging and other expeditions, notices
of the decease of distinguished conchologists, and various items of interest
which cannot be specified. All our readers are requested to communicate
early news for this page.

Advertisements will be inserted at the following rates :—

Sod, eae

Whole page ©... I5 0o Quarter-pate sco be ae

ite pace fac ere 6 Six lines or under ... 2 6

One-Third page... 6 6 Every additional line o 6
SSeS

Reprints.— Authors of Papers who may wish to possess addi-
tional copies of their articles may have them at the following rates
(such reprints to be ordered betore publication) :—

25 Copies, app. 5/6 ... 8 pp. 7/6 .... 12'pp, 10/6 ~.. 16) pp, were
50 ”? 6/6 oe) 9/- ” 12/ ) ” 15/-

Too ” 9/- ” r1/- ” 14/ 9 17/-
Stitched in Colored Wrappers, :

Communications for the Journal, Books for Review and Adver-
tisements to be sent to JoHNn W. Taytor, St. Ann Street, Leeds,
to whom also Post-Office Orders should be made payable.

THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND.

President :
WILLIAM NELSON Esa.

Founded November rst., 1877, for the advancement
- of Conchological Science by the holding of periodical meetings,
the formation of a Library, of Collections illustrative of the
_ Science in all its departments, and the publication of pro-
ceedings. i

The Subscription is Ten Shillings and Sixpence per
annum, payable in advance on the first of January in each year.

The proceedings will be published regularly; for the
present in the‘ Journal of Conchology,’ which will be supplied
_free to the members so long as it continues to be the official
organ of the Society.

The Council will be happy to hear from Conchologists
in any part of the world who may be desirous of assisting the
Society by becoming members, or by donations of Books for
the Library, or of specimens (inclusive of anatomical and
microscopical preparations) for the collection.

Communications to be read to the meetings should be

forwarded to the Secretary at No, 21, Lxorotp Square,
LEEDs.

—_——.

The Next Meeting

will be held on Thursday, July 24th, 1879, at 8.30 on at
21, Leopold Square, Leeds,

4 . (
fe American Naturalist:
A Popular Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Natural
History and Travel.

Contains Departments of Botany, Zoology, Geology, Anthropology,
Paleontology, Geography and Exploration, and Microscopy, and gives
each month the proceedings of Scientific Societies, a digest of the
Contents of Foreign Scientific Journals, and the latest Home and
Foreign Scientific News. Price 18s. per annum (By Subscription).

TRUBNER & CO.,
51 & 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON.

‘The Scottish Naturalist,”

- A Quarterly. Magazine of Natural History,
Edited by F. Bucnanan Wuirts, M.D., F.LS.

Annual Subscription 4s., post free. Single Numbers ts, 2d.

BLACKWOOD & SONS: EprneurcH anp Lonpon.

THE NATURALIST:

Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and General
Field Club Record.

Edited by C. P. Hoprirg, F.LS., & G.T. Porrirt, F.L.S.

Monthly price 4a., or 4s. per annum (in advance ).
Containing Original Articles on Natural History subjects; Papers read
at Meetings of Natural History Societies and Field Clubs; Reports of
Meetings and Excursions; Notes and Queries; Exchanges; Diary of
Meetings, &c. The Volumes commence with the August Number in
each year. Volume IV. commenced August, 1878. ost free of

B. Brown, Publisher, Huddersfield.

List of the Land and Freshwater Shells of Madeira.
rice 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.
List of the Limnzide of North Aenea
Compiled by Witt1am Ne son, Pres.C.S.G.B. & I. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per doz., post free
List of the Land Shells of North America.
Compiled by J. W. Taytor. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.

List of British Land and Freshwater Shells. *
Price Three Half-pence each, or 9d. per doz., post free. ‘

To be had of TAYLOR BROS., Printers & Lithographers, St. Ann-st., LEEDS.

EXCHANGE.

Notices of Exchanges, not exceeding six lines in length, will be
inserted Free of Charge.
The undersigned has for EXCHANGE :—

LAND SHELLS from Australia, Central and Western Polynesia;
also the new and rare species from New Guinea and New Cale-
donia. The dredged Marine species of Port Jackson correctly
named. ae

for copies of Papers, especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the
Geographical distribution of Animals. East Indian and South
American Land Shells taken.

JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.ZS., &c.,; Curagoa House,
11, WINDMILL St., SYDNEY, N.S.W.
Ort
Mr. J. H. THOMSON, C.M.ZS., or NEw BeEprorp,
MassacHuseETts, U.S.A., would be glad to exchange North

American Land Shells for any of his desiderata in non-operculate
Helicacea.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

On some new species of Oliva.—By F. P. Marrat.—(Annals and

Mag. Nat. Hist. Sep., 1868), 3 pages. [The Author.
Descriptions of Twelve New Species of Shells.—By G. B. Sowerby,
jun.—P. Z. S., Nov. 4, 1873. [The Author.

List of Shells from Fuca Straits and Cape Flattery, collected and
presented to the Liverpool Free Public Museum, by Dr.
David Walker, corresponding member of the Society.—By
F. P. Marrat.—(Proceedings of the Liverpool Literary and
Philosophical Society, 1877). [The Author.

Stereoscopic View of the Museum, Hobart Town, Tasmania.

[Mr. W. Legrand.

New species of Shells.—By F. P. Marrat.—(Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist., Jan. 1874)—-8vo, one page. [The Author.

Journal de Conchyliologie.—Index général et systematique des
matiéres contenues dans les vingt premiers volumes du—
1850—1872.—Paris, 8vo, 1878. [MM. Crosse & Fischer.

Mollusca of H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ Expedition, Parts I, II, & III.
—By Rev. R. Boog Watson, B.A., F.L.S.—From the Linnean
Society’s Journal—Zoology, vol. xiv., 1878, 8vo., 45 pages.

[The Author,

Bulletin of the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., vol. viii., for 1876,
pp. 161. [The Institute.

In the matter of certain Badly Treated Mollusks, by Robert E.
C. Stearns.—(California Academy of Sciences, April 21,
1879).—8vo., pp. ro and cuts. [The Author.

REPORT ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER
SHELLS OF YORKSHIRE.

The Editors of the F.C., having been requested by the Yorkshire Nat-
uralists’ Union to prepare a report on the Land and Freshwater Shells of the
county, giving a full list of localities for every species and variety, desire to
enlist the co-operation of conchologists. Not only do they desire to receive full
county records and lists, but as they are combining with the local matter a new
revision of the British species. embodying results of investigattons since the
publication of Dr. Jeffreys’ book, they wish to be favoured with the temporary
loan of critical and closely allied species and varieties from any part of the
world for the sake of comparison. All specimens will be carefully returned
free of expense, or if desired, arrangements will be made for their acquisition
by purchase or exchange. The first portion of the report is already published
in the ‘ Transactions” of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and includes

the Conchifera.

Address all Communications to—

JOHN W. TAYLOR,
“Journal of Conchology”’ Office,
St. Ann St., LEEDS.

FOR SALE--Price £175,

A very fine and complete COLLECTION OF UNIVALVES, including about
3,000 species, of which 1,800 are Marine & 1,200 Land & Freshwater.
The larger species are usually only represented by one speci-
men, and the smaller ones by two or more, in Glass Boxes.

OUTLINE OF THE COLLECTION.

Murex tenuispina (2), palma rose, and 37 others. Voluta
cymbiola, rutila, pallida, volvacea, fusiformis, fulgetrum, angulata,
and 22 others. JAfitra, about 100 species. Cypre@a aurora,
umbilicata, sulcidentata, exusta, tessellata, Capensis, and ‘about 120
other species. Harpa impertalis (2) and 6 others. Triton,
Persona, Ranella, about 80 species. Marginella, 50 species.
Terebra, 50 species. JVassa, about 120 species. Columbella and
Engina, 80 species. Conus, about 100 species. Oliva and
Ancillarta, about 60 species. Zurbinide and Trochide, about
175 species.

LAND SHELLS.

Felix, including Nanina and Cochlostyla, about 430 species.
Bulimus, Bulimulus, and Buliminus, about 80 species. Claustlia,
gospecies. Achatinella and Partita, about12z0 species. Streptaxts,
‘5 species. MMelaniade and Strepomatide, about 110 species.
Laludina, Tanalia, Ampuilaria, &c., about 40 species. Cyclostoma,
flelicina, Cataulus, Cyclopherus, and other operculated land shells
(many genera) about 130 species. a
BS Apply—British Naturalists’ Agency,

St. Ann Street, LEEDS.

| No. 8.] AUGUST, 1879. [Vou. 2.

THE

oe ee
CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE

Land and Freshwater Shells observed in the neighborhood of Redcar.
C. Ashford. 241 ~
Notes on the Species of the Genus Scutus. Edgar A, Smith, F.Z.S. 252

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES:

Exploring Expeditions ... sa ee bi a 241
_ The American Geological Sirens os i oes ene 242
Museum of Comparative Zoology at rsevied College ee es 242

PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of Great Britain and Ireland 243

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1876 Rie den eee Soon, ECan A

LONDON :

DAVID BOGUE, 3, ST. MaRTIN’s PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS,, St. ANN STREET.
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CarisTRass£, II.
HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND.

PRICE ONE SHILLING,

——— Se

LL a NS SANS

EXCHANGE.

Notices of Exchanges, not exceeding six lines in length, will be
inserted Free of Charge.
The undersigned has for EXCHANGE :—

LanpD SHELLS from Australia, Central and Western Polynesia; ~
also the new and rare species from New Guinea and New Cale-
donia. The dredged Marine species of Port Jackson correctly
named.

For copies of Papers, especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the
Geographical distribution of Animals. East Indian and South
American Land Shells taken.

an BRAZIER, C.M.ZS., &e., Maeec House,
11, WINDMILL St., SYDNEY, N.S.W.
:0:

Mr. J. H. THOMSON, C.M.Z.S., of NEw BEDFORD,
MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A., would be glad to exchange North
American Land Shells for any of his desiderata in non- Oper
Helicacea. -

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique—tome xt,
année 1876, 8vo., pp. 160 and 161, with ro plates.

[The Society.

New and Peculiar Mollusca of the Patellidz and other Families

of Gastropoda procured in the ‘Valorous’ Expedition.—By

J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S.—8vo., pp. 13. [The Author.

Proceedings of the’ Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

1877, pp: 452 and 2 plates. [The Academy.
Proceedings of Boston Society Natural History, vol. xix., Part I,
Aug. 1877, 8vo., pp. rro and 7 plates. [The Society.

Address to the Biological Section of the British Association,
Plymouth, 16th August 1877.—By Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys,
F.R.S.—8vo., pp. 9. [The Author.
Descriptions of a new Genus of Gasteropodous Mollusca from
Japan, and of a new species of Bullia from Kurrachi.—By
Geo. French Angas, C.M.Z.S.—P.Z.S., June 5, 1877, 2 pp.
and plate. [The Author.
Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, Part I, 1877
(including an annotated list of the land and freshwater
mollusca known to inhabit Yorkshire—By W. Nelson and
John W. Taylor). [The Union.
Comments upon Mr. Calkins’ ‘Marine Shells of Florida.’—By
Robert EF. C. Stearns (extr. from ‘Science News,’ April 15,
1879).—8vo., pp. 2. [The Author,
The Naturalist. edited by C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., and G, T. Porritt,
¥F.L.S.—Jan., Feb., March, April, May, June, July. and Aug.
1879.—8vo. [The Editors.

SEPTEMBER, 1879.

HE

JOURNAL
CONCHOLOGY,

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOG ¥.

. CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Notes on the Species of the Genus Scutus (with woodcut). ...
Edgar A, Smith, F. Z.S.
Helix hortensis var. Arenicola . Satie ator ‘Gibbons, M.B.
Description of Amphipeplea Petterdi, 1 n. sp., from New Guinea...
William Nelson.
Achatina accula A/d/. in the Isle of Wight ... C. Ashford.
Helix pulchella and H. cellaria of M@/. found in Australia ; ; wee
Notes on their Distribution .. J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c.,
Pupa umbilicata Drag. in South Africa es . S. Gibbons, M. 2
Helix rotundata v. alba near Harrogate ... ia J. W. T aylor
Ancylus fluviatilis v. albida at Shee near Leeds.:. W. Nelson.
Zonites excavatus Bean at Newlay .. cf W. Taylor
Description of Helix Petterdiana, new species He “John W. Taylor.
- Contributions to a better knowledge of the Freshwater Shells of
Queensland, No. I.—Descriptions of Three New Physe..

Win. Nelson &]. W. Taylor.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES:

Zoological Laboratory at Newport, Rhode Island, U.S. 2
Watford Natural History Society and Hertfordshire Field Club.
A New Catalogue of the Genus Partula..

Mr, Andrew Garrett s d
Vernacular Names and Folk-Lore
_Museatine Conchological Club

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF i876 _ -..
PROCEEDINGS ofthe CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of Great Britain and Ireland
—_— > > a

LONDON:
DAVID BOGUE, 3, ST. MaRTIN’s PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS, Sr. ANN STREET. :
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE, II.
HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. "LEGRAND.

PRICE ONE SHILLING.

BXCHANGE.

Notices of Exchanges, not exceeding six lines in length, will be
inserted Free of Charge.
The undersigned has for ExcHANGE :—

LAND SHELLS from Australia, Central and Western Polynesia;
also the new and rare species from New Guinea and New Cale-
donia. The dredged Marine species of Port Jackson correctly
named.

For copies of Papers, especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the
Geographical distribution of Animals. East Indian and South
American Land Shells taken.

JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., &c., Curagoa House,
11, WINDMILL St., SYDNEY, N.S.W.
:O:
Mr. J. H. THOMSON, C.M.Z.S., or New BEprForp,
-MassacHuseETts, U.S.A., would be glad to exchange North
American Land Shells for any of his desiderata in non-operculate
Helicacea.

20:

A good price given, either in money or exchange, for any of
the following Shells—British specimens :—

Spheerium lacustre var. rotunda, Limncea peregra var. picta, L.
peregra var. scalariformis, Ancylus lacustris var. albida, Helix rupestris
var. viridescenti-alba, Balia perversa var. viridula, Clausilia parvula vars.
aibida and destrorsa, C. biplicata var. Nelsoni, and sinistral specimens of
Limincea stagnalis, Helix virgata, Cochlicopa tridens, and Acme lineata.

PHILIP B. MASON, Burron-on-TRENT.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

The American Naturalist, edited by Prof. A. S. Packard, jun.—
vol. xiil., Jan., Feb., March, April, May, June, July, Aug.,

Sept. and Oct., 1879, 8vo. [The Editor.
Bulletino della Societa Malacologica Italiana.—Vol. v., 1879,
fogli 1-6. [The Society.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.—Vol.
ili., Parts I., II. and III., 305 pages and 21 plates, 1878 and
1879. [The Society.

Notice of some shells dredged by Capt. St. John, R.N., in Korea
Strait.—By J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S.—extracted from
the Linnean Society’s Journal—Zoology, vol. xiv., pp. 418 to
423. [The Author.

Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society—Feb., April, May
and June, 1879, vol. i., Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, 8vo., pp. 324 and
8 plates. . [The Society.

Transactions of the Watford Natural History Society and Hert-
fordshire Field Club—Vol. i., for 1875-7 and vol. i1., parts
1 to 4. [| The Society.

W. Wesley’s Natural History and Scientific Book Circular—No, _
37 (Ethnology, Mammalia, Botany, Conchology, Entomology,
Ornithology, &c.), 1879. [The Publisher.

No. 10] OCTOBER, i879. [Vor. 2.

THE |
JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE

Contributions to a better knowledge of the Freshwater Shells of
Queensland, No. I.—Descriptions of Three New Physe...
Wm. Nelson & J. W. Taylor. 289
Contributions to a better tan of the Land & Freshwater Shells
of Yorkshire ... ies Rey. W. C. Hey, M.A, 310
List of the Cyprsea found in Moreton Bay, Queensland.
. Brazier, C-M.Z.S., Cor. M. Roy. Soc. Tas., &e. 317
' Land and Freshwater Shells collected in the alluvium of the Garonne.
Robert Scharff, Vice-Pres. Conch. Soc. 315

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES:

The Leckenby Coliection 200 \f

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia —Conchological Section 290

Science in Muscatine, Lowa ies ; : 290
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877 tee ae 292

PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of Great Briiain and Ireland 291

PD

LONDON:

DAVID BOGUE, 3, St’. MARTLN’s PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS, ST. ANN STREET.
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLsTRAssE, 11.
HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND.

PRICE ONE SHILLING,

LIST OF LAND & FRESHWATER SHELLS
ConsIGNED BY Mr. V, ROBILLARD TO
The British Naturalists’ AGeney,
Sl OA NENG Ss We ReECB ay eae, ees
tO Bie SO) le:

Helix farafanga, Madagascar (rare) a
ee ne (young) ... a

Souverbiane ,, ar sey We

var., Madagascar (fine)

39

9?

Le) i 99

», cornugiganteum “5 ge ay

39 39 vale >”?

», magnifica, Madagascar
>> lanx A Say ak He ae Rash
>, Janx, var. an

>, funebris ua bee ee

2? 2? (fine) 29

i 4; NAY ie ae

;, sepulchralis “

Hi i VEE Sie Ha Se hi on
», calypso- Ag

" es Es ate a
Robillardi, Aveas, Madagascar (very rare)
feneriffensis, Madagascar ... a me

99 22 99
2? xystera »»
ae »> Var. is
», Guillaini as
,, omphalodes ie
a 3 Ware veins,

32 3) 39
unidentata, Seychelles
var., Seychelles
ae a Timor... ae
marginata, Sooloo Island
Alibaboo Island

9? 99

39 23

,, inversicolor (large sp.) Mauritus ...
22 29 type 29 7 mis
a9 a9 var, 9

An Vielen (Ake) wns
sulcifera (subfossil) (rare) ,,

CODCDDDODOOODO0O0000OOOOHOHHNHNN HHH EHR HHH ENN DED HN NWW HD?
BRWOWBRUMNUADAWWA ADAG AU AOAADODIOPOOAARODVOOADOVURODCOADIIODAO®SR

5, cyclaria 35 cae

,, rufa (large sp.) Peas

99 29 cake var, 99

>> mauritiana a

39 23 var. 9

;, stylodon (rare) 83

» implicata ,, a

aa a var. (rare) ee

,, argentea (large sp.) ie

39 3 92 (rare) 33

ne ,, white & green vars. ,,

», rufocincta

2? 27 var. y)

», phylirina - 44 .
>, boryana (rare) a :

( To be continued. )

EXCHANGE.

Notices of Exchanges, not exceeding six lines in length, will be
inserted Free of Charge.
The undersigned has for EXCHANGE :—

LAND SHELLS from Australia, Central and Western Polynesia;
also the new and rare species from New Guinea and New Cale-
donia, The dredged Marine species of Port Jackson correctly
named.

For copies of Papers, especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the
Geographical distribution of Animals. East Indian and South
American Land Shells taken.

JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.ZS., &c., Curagoa House,
11, WINDMILL St., SYDNEY, N:S.W.

Mr. J. H. THOMSON, C.M.Z.S., or New BeEprForp,
MassacuusetTts, U.S.A., would be glad to exchange North
American Land Shells for any of his desiderata in non-operculate
Helicacea.

A good price given, either in money or exchange, for any of
the following Shells—British specimens :—

Spheerium lacustre var. rotunda, Limnoea peregra var. picta, L.
peregra var. scalariformis, Ancylus lacustris var. albida, Helix rupestris
var. viridescenti-alba, Balia perversa var. viridula, Clausilia parvula vars.
albida and dextrorsa; C. biplicata var. Nelsoni, and sinistral specimens of
Limneea stagnalis, Helix virgata, Cochtlicopa tridens, and Acme lineata.

PHILIP B. MASON, Burron-on-TRENT.

“BOOKS RECEIVED.

Zoologischer Anzeiger herausgegeben von Prof. J. Victor Carus in
Leipzig—L. Jahrgang 1878 and II. Jahrgang 1879.

[T he Editor.

Ophiuride and Astrophytide of the ‘‘Challenger” Expedition,

Part I.—By Theodore Lyman (Bulletin of the Museum of

ee Zoology, at Harvard College, Cambridge,

Mass.)—Vol. v., No. 7, pp. 65 to 168 and ro plates.

[Prof. Alexander Agassiz.

Zoologischer Anzeiger herausgegeben von Prof. J. Victor Carus

in Leipzig —No. 34, July 28, 18709. [The Editor.

Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Comparative

Zoology at Harvard College, for 1877—8—Cambridge, 1878,

40 plates, with Photograph and Plan of Zoological Laboratory

at Newport, Rhode Island. [Prof. Alex. Agassiz.

Catalogue of the Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United

States and adjacent Territories of North America: By

Thomas Bland, 8vo., 4 pp. [Mr. John H. Thomson.

Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft nebst

Nachrichtsblatt. Redigirt von Dr. W. Kobelt—Jan., Feb.

and July 1879,.290 pages and 7 plates. The Editor.

Notes on some British Land and Freshwater Shells: By J. Gwyn

Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S. (From the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

Nov. 1878), 8vo., 6 pp. (The Author.

toa AMERICAN NATURALIST:
A Popular I/lustrated Monthly Magazine of Natural History and Travel.
Contains Dapartments of Botany, Zoology, Geology, Anthropology, Palzonto-
logy, Geography and Exploration, and Microscopy, and gives each month the ~
proceedings of Scientific Societies, a digest of the Contents of Foreign Scientific
Journals, and the latest Home and Foreign Scientific News. Price 18s. per annum
(By Subscription).

TRUBNER & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, LONDON.

ore E SCOTTISH WATURAL IST, cs
A Quarterly Magazine of Natural History,
Edited by F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D. F.LS.
Annual Subscription 4s., post free. Single Numbers 1s, 2d.

BLACKWOOD & SONS: EpinsurcH AND LOonDoN.

“THE NATURALIST,”

Journal cf the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and General Field Club Record.

Edited by C. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., and G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

Monthly price 4d., or 4s. per annum (in advance).

Containing Original Articles on Natural History subjects; Papers read at
Meetings of Natural History Societies and Field Clubs; Reports of Meetings and
Excursions; Notes and Queries; Exchanges; Diary of Meetings, &c. The Volumes
commence with the ARNE & Number. Volume V. commenced August, 1879. Post

Sree of

B. BROWN, PUBLISHER, ae

List of the Land and ee Shells of Madeira.
Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.
List of the Limnzides of North America.
Compiled by Wriitiam Netson, Pres.C.S.G.B. & J. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per doz., post free

List of the Land Shells of North America, :
Compiled by J. W. Taytor. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.

List of Eritish Land and Freshwater Sheils.

Price Three Half-pence each, or 9d. per doz., post free.

To be had of TAYLOR BROS., Printers & Lithographers, &t. Ann-st., Leeds.

casey

AUSTRALIAN SHELLS.
W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Will supply parcels of Australian Shells, with correct names and localities from Ios,
upwards, postage included. Where possible, requests for special genera or species
will be complied with. Many hundred species of Australian and South Sea Island
Land and Marine; Freshwater not extensive. Reference:—Mr. J. W. TAytor,
editor of this journal. Address—W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, 5. AUSTRALIA,

To Collectors of Foreign Shells.

A gentieman in Tasmania is anxious to correspond with collectors who can send
him Land Shells from Siam, China, Cochin China, and Japan, for Shells from
Tasmania, Australia, and South Sea Islands. Address :—Lieut. C. E. BEDDOME,
Jun., HILLGRovE, BROWN’S Rives Boe? HOBART TOWN, TAN

G. B. SOWERBY, 45, Great Russell St., London, _

Names and arranges Soacmens Bt: Collections of SHELLS, for Public and
Private Museums; supplies desiderata, and entire Collections, from a large and
valuable Stock, which is constantly bemg replenished by novelties from various parts
of the World.

ee Lists on Application. Ponce ee sent for Selection.

ROBERT F. GHALZ, Natural History Agent,
Ae years with the fe HucuH CuMING),

SHELLS, INSECTS, BIRDSKINS, EGOS, REPTILES, &6.

Collections Bought or Sold on Commission.
55, GT. RUSSELL ST., Opposite the British Museum, LONDON,

No. 11.] NOVEMBER, 1879. (Von. 2.

THE

JOURNAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

CONTENTS.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES: PAGE

Descriptions to two species of Helicidze from Madagascar. .
Edgar A, Smith, F.Z.S., Zool. Dep. Brit. Mus, 337 -

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS :
List of the Cyprzea found in Moreton Bay: Queensland.
J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., Cor. M. Roy. Soc. Tas., &c. 321
The Conchological Fauna in the Aiaviar of Rivers; How to Pro-
cure the various species and their Comparative Numbers (Paper
read before the Conch. Soc. of G. B. & I.)
Robert Scharff, Vice-Pres. Conch. Soc. 322
ae of the Shell-Bearing Mollusca of M ichigan.

Bryant Walker, 325
List of the Australasian Volutes.. a cee ...W. F. Petterd,- 340

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 1877... ___... 345
PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of Great Britain and Ireland 352

> te

A LONDON:

DAVID BOGUE, 3, Sr. MaRTIN’s PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C
LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., St. ANN STREET.
BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE, ITI.
HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA : W. LEGRAND.

PRICE ONE SHILLING.

SS SS

LIST OF LAND & FRESHWATER SHELLS
ConsIGNED BY Mr. V. ROBILLARD OF Mauritius ISLAND TO
The British Naturalists’ Agency,
ST, ANN STREET LEEDS,

1O. BE SOL BD;

s.
Helix Caldwelli (rare) Mauritius : a
>> nitella A a
», suffulta 3 ae
»» imper.ecta ,, So
>> setiliris ae ce see
») cernica a 5 age
>, Rawsonis ,, ak

33 var 97 23
Spiraxis Barclayi (rare) ,,
Bulimus sanguineus (very rare) Mauritius

Truncatella Guerini ii oN
Pedipes affinis ae A
Stenogyra clavulinus ad ae
Cassidula labrella e a me
Bulimus 53 Madagascar
Cyclostoma es Mauritius

a tricarinatum ,, aa

mMOwW0000n0000D000N0
FE ADOWWWN OW AAWAWAWA!

(The above Cyclostome have been found at 2 » fect j in the sand,
very near the sea shore. )

Cyclostoma cayinatum (rare) Mauritius BO
He Lienardi ie ag 0 9
ae Mauritianum (rare) ,, °o 6
ii scabrum ee ne o 6

The above Cyclostome are extinct, saa eee been an under
rocks on a mountain (very rare. )

Cyclostoma Barclayanum (rare) Mauritius . Be Io
ms 53 var. (rare) Mauritius .., I. Oo
x3 bg yellow var. (rare) Mauritius 0 9
23 29 re oF) re) UB I 6
Be unifasciatum.(with its varieties) ,, °o 6
= listeri Ee Oo 2
iy yy var %9 Os:
3 Michaudi, (rare) es I 6
5 scabrum var. es Oo 6.
Ae ligatum ” Oo 3
r emacs 5. opin
4 affine eae 0 3
ie Senveane ie Oo 3
as undatum oH 0 3
5 conoideum 5 Oo 2
He obsoletum, Madagascar... 2 0
: is var, Ae I 6

(To be continued.

EEZCHANGE.
Notices of Exchanges, not exceeding six lines in length, will be
inserted Free of Charge.

The undersigned has for ExcHANGE:—

LAND SHELLS from Australia, Central and Western Polynesia;
also the new and rare species from New Guinea and New Cale-
donia. The dredged Marine species of Port Jackson correctly
named. :

_For copies of Papers especially on Shells, Mollusca, and the
Geographical distribution of Animals, East Indian and South
American Land Shells taken.

JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., &c., Curacoa House,
11, WINDMILL St., SYDNEY, N.S.W.

Mr. J. H. THOMSON, C.M.Z.5., or New Brprorp,
MassacHuserts, U.S.A., would be glad to exchange North
American Land Shells for any of his desiderata in non-operculate
Helicacea.

A good price given, either in money or exchange, for any of
the following Shells—British specimens :— :

Spheerium lacustre var. rotunda, Limncea peregra var. picta, L.
peregra var. scalariformis, Ancylus lacustris var, albida, Helix rupestris
yar. viridescenti-alba, Balia perversa var. viridula, Clausilia parvula vars.
aloida and dextrorsa, C. biplicata var. Nelsoni, and sinistral specimens of
Limneea stagnalis, Helix virgata, Cochlicopa tridens, and Acme lineata.

PHILIP B. MASON, Burron-on-TREntT.

TO COLLECTORS OF FOREIGN SHELLS.

A gentleman in Tasmania is anxious to correspond with col-
lectors who can send him land shells from Siam, China, Cochin
China, and Japan, for Shells from Tasmania, Australia, and South
Sea Islands. Address:—Lieut. C. E. BEDDOME, I.N., Hittr-
GROVE, Brown’s RIVER Roap, HOBART TOWN, Tasmania.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Synopsis novorum generum, specierum et varietatum molluscorum
viventium testaceorum anno 1877 promulgatorum (exclusis
generibus heliceorum, auriculaceorum et pneumonopomorum)
collegit Dr. W. Kobelt—Frankfort, Oct. 1878, 8vo., pp. 67.

[The Author.

The Naturalists’ Leisure Hour and Monthly Bulletin: By A. FE.
Foote, July and Aug. 1878. [The Editor.

On the mollusca procured during the ‘Lightning’ and ‘Porcupine’
Expeditions, 1868—70 (Part I.): By J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D.,
E.R.S., &c. (P.Z.S. Ap. 16, 1878), 8vo., 24 pp. and 2 plates.

[The Author.

(GHEE AMERICAN NATURALIST: ©

A Popular Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Natural History and Travel.

Contains Departments of Botany, Zoology, Geology, Anthropology, Palzeonto-

logy, Geography and Exploration, and Microscopy, and gives each month the

proceedings of Scientific Societies, a digest of the Contents of Foreign Scientific

Journals, and the latest Home and Foreign Scientific News. Price 18s. per annum
(By Subscription).

TRUBNER & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, LONDON.

“Tie SCOTTISE NATURALIST.

: A Quarterly Magazine of Natural History,
Edited by F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D, F.LS.

Annual Subscription 4s., post free. Single Numbers 1s, 2d.

BLACKWOOD & SONS: EbiINnBuRGH aNnD LONDON.
“THE NATURALIST,”

Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and General Field Club Record.

Edited by C. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., and G. T, PORRITT, F.L.S.

Monthly price gd., or 4s. per annum (in advance).

Containing Original Articles on Natural. History subjects; Papers read at
Meetings of Natural History Societies and Field Clubs; Reports of Meetings and
Excursions; Notes and Queries; Exchanges; Diary of Meetings, &c. The Volumes.
commence with the August Number. Volume V. commenced August, 1879. Post

Sree of

B. BROWN, PUBLISHER, HUDDERSFIELD.

List of the Land and Freshwater Shells of Madeira.

Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.

List of the Limnzide of North America.
Compiled by Witt1am Netson, Pres.C.S.G.B. & I. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per doz., post free

List of the Land Shells of North America.
Compiled by J. W. Taytor. Price 3d. each, or 2s. per dozen, post free.

List of British Land and Freshwater Shells.

Price Three Half-pence each, or 9d. per doz., post free.

To be had of TAYLOR BROS., Printers & Lithographers, St. Ann-st., Leeds.
Hanns ee serra eee eee screen eee

AUSTRALIAN SHELLS.
W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA,

Will supply parcels of Australian Shells, with correct names and localities from 10s.
upwards, postage included. Where possible, requests for special genera or species
will be complied with. “Many hundred species of Australian and South Sea Island
Land and Marine; Freshwater not extensive. Reference:--Mr. J. W. TAYLOor,
editor of this journal. Address—W. T. BEDNALL, ADELAIDE, S. AUSTRALIA.

To Collectors of Foreign Shells.

A gentleman in Tasmania is anxious to correspond with collectors who can send
him Land Shells from Siam, China, Cochin China, and Japan, for Shells from
Tasmania, Australia, and South Sea Islands. Address :—Lieut. C. E. BEDDOME,
I.N., HILLGROVE, Brown’s RIVER Roap, HOBART TOWN, Tasmania,

G. B. SOWERBY, 45, Great Russell St., London,

Names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and
Private Museums; supplies desiderata, and entire Collections, from a large and
valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties ftom various parts
of the World..

Price Lists on Application. Specimens sent for Selection.

ROBERT F. GEALEZ, Natural History Agent,

(Many years with the late HuGH CUMING),

SHELLS, INSECTS, BIRDSKINS, EGGS, REPTILES, &€.

Collections Bought or Sold on Commission.
55, GT. RUSSELL ST., Opposite the British Museum, LONDON.

eral a ie

Uy teas

Iie TE PR, HR ae oe Re Pray A ts a Mea Lis " S _ = we a, F; ty ‘ ' 1 Me , m
ays tamed ” a "

D932. 2 33 PDE 5 33 se
2» > ») r > 223 DYNyS

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