4 LE N= 7 / Uf LEN IN =F, YY EN dl S rt = ¢ \ 3 ~ ) I rS 7 Y ( vale Ta K E \( William. Healey Dall. )}- i AVA. ZN u as i ay Ke STH nd ribean Aah z i re uy FRONTISPIECE, Pil, WOOL Vola we Arqonauta arao. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOG Y. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS The QUARTERLY JOURNAL of CONCHOLOGY. VOL. V. 2ZA134\ | | 1886—1888. Leeds : TAYLOR BROS., SOVEREIGN STREET. The -luthors of the several papers containe! m this volume are themselves accountable for all the statements and reascnings which they have offered. In these particulars the Editor or the Society mutst not be considered as in any way responsible. j INDEX TO VOL. V. + O-2-H— — ORIGINAL ARTICLES. PAGE Achatina acicula in Northamptonshire—W. D. Crick bate 506. TLL Additions to Land shells of Gibraltar—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S. ond HOY a5 >> » and Freshwater Mollusca of Llandudno— J. R. Brockton Tomlin, B.A. 28 5 »» Mollusca of Clapham, Yorks.—W. E. Collinge Bl LOS ee and Corrections of ‘* Marine Shells of Scilly ’—Rev. R. W. J. Smart, M.A., and Rev. A. H. Cooke, MACE ZS ace Ont Agriolimax montanus in Colorado—T. D. A. Cockerell ... soo, BSS) Amalia gagates in Cardiganshire—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. ... 203 | AGO Ancylus fluviatilis, Respiration of—W. A. Gain ... Ss soo | BQu Argiope decollata at Scilly—J. T. Marshall soe occ ON Argonauta argo, Notes on—R. D. Darbishire, 8.A., F.G.S. 371 Australian species of Bithinia, Segmentina and Fusus—E. A. Smith, BZ, Bithinia tentaculata, Monstrosity of —E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. ... a6, Ss Bulimus decollatus in captivity—Miss F. M. Hele... bo6 soo OB Clausilia rolphii in North Lincolnshire—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. soa 22) »» _ rugosa var. gracilior at Clapham, Yorks.—C. H. Pierson .., 183 Collecting near Brest ... 77 Colonizing land and freshwater shells in East Sutherland—W. Baillie. 192 Conchological Notes—T. Scott ... tigi Be Ae p25 eget », from Picardy—S. C. Cockerell sie soo | BES Concholepas peruvianus, On the position of the operculum in—Reyv. A. H. Cooke, M.A.... ae ie Aas OS Conus eburneus, white variety of—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. ... se 2A Cuma, On the genus—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. ... ate cee) OLOY Cuma, Additional note on—W. E. Hoyle, M.A. ... Nad w+. 209 Cyamium and Turtonia, Distinctness of —E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. vA Cylostrema nitens at Margate—S. C. Cockerell aie book Erosion of certain freshwater shells—G. W. Shrubsole aed saa LO) Epidermis of Mollusca, Notes on—G. Sherriff Tye 06 s00 | 22 Exhibition of shells at Manchester fee age ae CAS) Description of a new Cypreeaa—J. C. Melvill, M.A. Ni saa Bes) rh, es >> » Melania—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. “Ns soa GY es >» » Conus—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. seh soo AVA 5 >» », Wolute from Western Australia—E. A. Smith, INg/Zase 60 i ase age nO?) 35 2») Species of sinistral Limnzea (L. physopsis)—A. H. (Cooke whe Z.Suae ia ins Bao) zit Descriptions of fifteen new species of Mitra—J. C. Melvill, M.A. ... 28r PA », three new species of freshwater shells from Japan—E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. sd ee we eco bs Gy) a >», two new species of Siphonalia—J. C. Melvill, M.A.... 348 es »» Six new species of Pecten—J. C. Melvill, M.A. ono 2/3) Helix arbustorum monst. sinistrorsum in Derbyshire—J. W. Taylor, IE SS ieee ay Hoe tn R225 Ks a shell growth—T. Scott ALE ads soa | 28%0) 2 aspersa, abnormal—W. E. Collinge lv. PAGE. Helix aspersa (Life History)—T. Scott ... 228 55 », Vv. exalbida and H. hortensis m. sinistrorsum in Pem- brokeshire—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. a Be LOO », cantiana in Nottinghamshire—C. T. Musson, F.L.S. soa. OS », harpa in Switzerland, Discovery of—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. ... 335 », hortensis monst. sinistrorum and H. aspersa v. exalbida in Pem- brokeshire—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. ... 166 ;, hortensis, and H. nemoralis in Dorset—T. D. A. Cockerell Bas ui’ VIG) », lapicida var albina—Rev. S. Spencer Pearce, B.A. ... 255 55 oe a in Derbyshire—J. C. Melvill, M.A., F. LS 316 a5 »» Mmonst scalaris Charp. in Derbyshire —Rev. Herbert Milnes, M.A... 5 316 », lactea in Yorkshire—J. W. Taylor, Ful. S... sie Std HO >, nemoralis (Life History )-—T. Scott so | 22) Bs sh and H. hortensis in Dorset—T. D. A. Cockerell Sree tC) 90 m. sinistrorsum—F. G. Fenn poe soo AS) 59 obvoluta in Surrey—s. J. DaCosta sis ae SOL », oObvoluta, Note on—Miss F. M. Hele bi ake soo = ev, »» pisana var minor—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. ... ah coo ABU », pulchella at Niagara—T. D. A. Cockerell ... 500 ape 2 25 », «attrayi, Note on—T. D. A. Cockerell ae AB noo PONT », vevelata at Newquay—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. an soo 320) si », and P. umbilicata v. alba at Newquay—sS. i DaCosta 347 » virgata var. radiata Hidalgo in the Isle of Wight—J. W. Taylor, ELS. 376 Hairs on land and freshwater shells, Nature and development of—W. Jeffery 60 Saepealy How does a snail crawl Ik. F. ‘Scharff, Ph. Ds, B. Se. ah Lau) 6230 List of land and freshwater shells of— Cardiff—F. W. Wotton ies He ac Been ts Cardiganshire—E. Collier : ae 500 500 BEF Christchurch, S. Hants—C. Ashford os S80 Snot ti) 3} Clapham, Y orks. —H. Richardson, B.A. ... ta OO Engadine, E. Switzerland—Rev. St pes Peatoe, BeAS in) 20 Fifeshire—T. Scott uP ei to MLZ Howden, Yorks.—W. Nelson ... sco AO Ilfracombe, N. Devon.—J. R. Brockton Tomlin B. ‘A. hop. He Lower Tees Palas Hudson ihe sal AG Merionethshire—Thos. Ruddy ... ue 004 eel EO! F.G. Fenn ... aun aa ... 198 Newquay, Cornwall—J. H. James 566 bo .. 164 Normandy—S. C. Cockerell ... BBU bot fepeeoalls North Wiltshire—T. D. A. Cockerell ac seh BRT (oe Norway—Miss Birgithe Esmark.. = 90 Stockton—John Hogg, annotated ‘by Baker Hudson .. 256 Tarbert, Loch Fyne—T. Scott ... 6 soc sae ayes List of Marine Shells of— Filey, Yorks.—Rev. Carleton Greene, M.A, aa Mae i238 Lyme Regis, Dorset—-J. W. Cundall Ss ee ... 196 Magilligan Strand—Miss Honoria Galwey Or Port Elizabeth, S. Africa—G. B. Sowerby, F.L. S.. “ise I List of Members of Conchological Society ‘ aoc 147, 317 Limneea auricularia floating—J. W. Williams, M. A. 3a ws. 369 os Notes on some British varieties of—S. C. Cockerell tel O44 ue peregra var. burnetti—W. Nelson «. 180 a », vars. burnetti and lacustris—J. Madison ... »» 260 PAGE. Limnzea stagnalis and L. peregra, The morphology of the Sues in— J. W. Williams, M.A. ESO ae truncatula floating H. Wallis Kem, In o18,. S 320 Marine Mollusca, at Land’s End, Cornwall—T. D. A. Cockerell I51 Mitra (Costellaria) rugosa, Notes on—J. C. Melvill, M.A. 332 Nautilus, Pearly, Note on—E. A. Smith, F.L.S.. 226 Odostomia pallida, New habitat for—Rev. R. W. I. Smart, M.A. 152 Otina otis var. alba at Newquay—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A 5 Zuo Paludina contecta in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire—W. A. Canin oo 89 Parmacella of Gibraltar, Notes on—T. D. A. Cockerell 26 Physa fontinalis var. albina at Farington, S. eae ee . H. Heathcote 185 S dextral—J. W. Williams, D.Sc. ... 220 Physa, so-called, Remarks on the Australian poses of—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. Boo eet Pisidium roseum and V. antivertigo in E. ‘Kent—S. ie Cockerell 176 Planorbis complanatus monst. terebrum in E. Kent—S. C. See 150 5 corneus, The red fluid emitted by—J. W. Williams, M.A. . 363 a dilatatus, P. glaber, and Sphzerium ovale—T. Rogers 218 5 dilatatus and P. glaber at Burnley—J. Bates 221 D9 lineatus in Montgomeryshire—J. B. Morgan Pay7| an multivalvis Case, and Pl. truncatus, Miles, Rediscovery ope Bryant Walker neo 330 subangulatus at Malta—E. A. Smith, E.Z.S. 25 Pupa marginata var. albina—]. W. Taylor, F. LS 360 », ‘ingens, Extension of the range of—J. W. Taylor, F. Ts. ue 81 Purpura, in ne | s Manual of Conchology, On the Article—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. es 5 RET Spherium corneum upon the tarsus of Dytiscus marginalis—H. Wallis Kew, F.E.S. GOS Succinea oblonga in North Somersetshire—J. W. Taylor, F.Z.8. 84 Terebratula papillosa, Marshall.. 186, 278 Testacella scutulum, Sow., its specific distinctness and geographical distribution—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. Bey, 90 33 in Leicestershire—H. E. Quilter ZO 5 , Note on a parasitic mite of—H. E. Quilter .. 314 Trophon truncatus var. scalaris on the West Coast of Scotland—A. Somerville, B.Sc... 319 Turtonia and Cyamium, The distinctness oll A. Smith, F. ae 42 Unio pictorum yar. latior in Lancashire—J. W. Taylor, Baie 331 3 An unusually large—R. D. Darbishire, B.A., F.G.S 374 », tumidus—k. D. Darbishire, B.A.. F.G S. 374 Variation of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca—J. W. (. Taylor, F.L.S. ae 289 - Varieties of British Shells, Notes ona D. A. Cackerell . 79 Vertigo alpestris in Yorkshire, J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. 238 5 antivertigo, and P. roseum in E. Kent—S. C. Cockerell 176 >> mMinutissima in Gloucestershire—J. W. Williams, M.A. 357 », moulinsiana in Notts.—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. 45 timida, Note on—J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. ... 357 Zonites draparnaldi in Captivity—Miss F. M. Hele 43 », fulvus, rediscovered in its ancient Lincolnshire locality —H. W. Kew, F.E.S. ies : Pe vs. 199 Vi. SPECIES AND VARIETIES RECORDED IN THIS VOLUME AS NEW TO THE BRITISH ISLES. PAGE. Ancylus fluviatilis v. strictus, Morel age nae ae ste SY, Helix arbustorum m. sinistrorsum O06 ia ae ‘aie 225 ',, hortensis v. roseo-zonata, Ckl. ss ste gcsilic aN x v. lutea-roseo-labiata, Ck. els se 5 EeLO i. oy yv. subalbida, Loe. sis ie 060 sooes 7/5 i v. baudonia, Moq. ae Ba hss Berar 1K) a lapicida m. scalaris, Charp Re Age na ee 316 », memoralis v. compressa, Terver ... see Be Seo a s v. petiveria, Mog. sil a ake eo Bs pisana v. minor, Bourg. ... bat fee so Foe. it cantiana v. pyramidata, Colb. Po 3% . st aD Lanes leevis v. maculata, Ckl. ... oat et BBS se [B29 Limneea auricularia v. monnardi, Htm. ... ae a0 i ROO a v. ventricosa, Htm. ... ste aes paveaece(0) As peregra v. solemia (Zgl.) Moq. ... ina sae Boa oO », palustris v. angulata, Ckl. ee Peas te Bi ZG 5, stagnalis v. raphidia, Bourg. ye Bau ics sco. SO) Physa fontinalis m. dextrorsum, Williams aes we Loe2Z20 Planorbis carinatus v. albida, Pindgen a ae igs Soo | 216) Scalaria pseudo-scalaris, Brocchi oe sca GD Spheerium corneum v. brunneo- fasciata, Williams .. oh ee) 8255 SPECIES “AND VARIETIES NEW TO SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. Cominella augusta, Sowerby 4 25 puncturata, Sowerby... 2 aA unifasciata, Sowerby ... 3 Conus milesi, Smith ... ‘244 Cypreea rashleighana, Melvill 288 Euthria fusco-tincta, Sowerby ... 2 Latirus bairstowi, Sowerby 8 >> rousi, Sowerby : 8 Lehmannia marginata v. obscurus, Esmark B08 sae se OZ Limax cinereus v. punctatus, Esmark ... Wea ahs sap OH », levis v. maculata, Cockerell U4 ye an Ss 79 Limnea palustris v. angulata, S. C. Cockerell ... ss sea »» physopsis, Cooke ie a ant ay RO e2Az Marginella bairstowi, Sowerby ... 50 Ree cee sui 9 Ag lineolata, Sowerby ... See eae oe Ane 9 Melania andersoni, Smith dean ie kink ae Neu gutS ae mariesi, Smith ae Bee ae ae een 959 an supralirata, Smith a See sak EN vos #2917 Mitra abacophora, Melvill foe 508 sb S65 ... 286 », astyridiformis ,, oe a nick eh e282 »> eerumnosa, ae a es ae We son AS » bela A He ag hs See soo AD »» caloxesta 8 ANG et ee el a nee e268 » cerithina af oe ie se ae 500 85) Vil. Mitra chariessa, Melvill ;, fulvosulcata a ;> Marionz ane 3, percnodictya ,, _,, thodinospheera ,, 5, sybillee no 5, transenna 35 Soe Lena) a5 zythochroa 3 Paludina longispira, Smith Pecten gladysiz, Melvill », guendolene ,, >, hastingsii a5 », hysginodes ,, >> psarus 5 “aldiecas 2i7s, "Melvill Planorbis carinatus v. albida, Hudson Pleurotoma bairstowi, Sowerby... rousi Pilinen obtusale var. Colletti, Clessin Spheerium corneum var. brunneo-fasciata, W. illiams 33 mamillanum v. Clessini, Esmark Siphonalia mikado, Melvill 9 pseudo-buccinum, Melvill Voluta guntheri, Smith LIST OF AUTHORS WHO HAVE TO THIS VOLUME. Ashford, C. ... Baillie, William CONTRIBUTED 153 192 Bates, Joe ... a5 BRI Cockerell, Sydney C. . so 500 13, 41, vie 150, 176, 356 Cockerel lets Di AGn ees. a SoD Gh, 25, 26, 79, 82, 151, 261, 358 Collier, ae a ace 360, 370 Tomlin, J. R. Big More B.A. 28, 181 Tye, G. Sherriff : S80 ae ae am oo Bil Walker, Bryant 300 Sos 20 300 abo, BED Williams, J. W., D.Sc. oes S80 220, 255, 357, 303, 304, 369 Wotton, FE. Ww. 900 we 30¢ as ate abe PROCEEDINGS OF CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. B25.) 1325) 2001 2451270. 305,240,370: BIBLIOGRAPHY. “30, 152, 250, 336, 376. OBITUARY. Andrew Garrett, 317; Thomas Glover, 231. ay THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. SX _————_ MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA, COLLECTED AT PORT ELIZABETH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES. By G.-B. SOWERBY, F.Z.S. Argonauta kochiana Dunker,—The smallest species of the genus, from an inch to an inch and a half long. It is allied to A. hAians, but much more closely ribbed, and with the surface crisply granulated. A. argo Linneus.—Some of the largest specimens of this species are found at the Cape. Although tolerably abund- ant in the Mediterranean, the specimens never attain to so large a size. Murex uncinarius Lamarck (=J/. capensis Sowerby).—A remarkable little species with fronds curiously hooked. M. dunkeri Krauss.—A small species rather like a Purpura. M. kieneri Reeve—Another small species, characterised by a deep suture, numerous raised crenulated varices, abruptly terminating, and leaving a deep channel near the base. A 2 SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. M. purpuroides Dunker.—With strong transverse nodulous ribs. : Fusus robustior Sowerby (‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. iv., p. 82, fig. 63). Hardly ever found excepting in very im- perfect condition. Cominella capensis Dunker.—Orange colour. The speci- mens are mostly worn. CG. lagenaria Deshayes.—Not uncommonly found alive, clad in dark-brown scabrous epidermis. C. porcata Gmelin (=C. “gata Reeve). C. elongata Dunker.—Like C. cafensis in form, but of a greyish colour, mottled and spotted with brown. C. tigrina Kiener (Succinum).—Allied to C. lagenaria. C. puncturata Sowerby, nov. sp.—TZesta elongata, tenuicula, pallide lutea, interdum fusca, fascia pallida balteata ; spira elata, acuta; anfractus 6, superne declives, deinde biangulati, ubique spiraliter costata ; costis numerosis, parum elevatis, interstitits puncturatis ; anfractus ultimus convexus, vix angulatus, inferne attenuatus ; apertura ovata, mediocriter data, canali brevt, leviter recurva. Long. 15, maz. lat. 5 mill. Shell elongated, rather thin, pale yellow, sometimes brown, with a pale band; spire elevated, acute; whorls sloping above, then bi-angulated, spirally ribbed through- out; ribs numerous, but very slightly raised, interstices punctured.; last whorl convex, scarcely angulated, attenu- ated below ; aperture ovate, moderately wide, canal short, slightly recurved. A delicate gracefully formed species. Euthria fusco-tincta Sowerby, nov. sp.—TZesta elongata, solidtuscula, alba, fusco trregulariter tincta; spira elata, acutiuscula, sutura tmpressa ; anfractus 7, levissime convext, sptraliter obscurissime sulcate,; anfr. ullimus convexus, medio fusco balteatus, inferne attenuatus ; apertura ovata, medtocriter lata, canali brevi, columella leviter reflexa. Long. 20, lat. 7% mill. J.C., v., January, 1886, SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 3 Shell elongated, rather solid, white, irregularly tinged with brown; spire elevated, rather acute, whorls very slightly convex, very obscurely spirally grooved ; last whorl convex, with a brown band, attenuated towards the base ; aperture moderately wide, canal rather short, columella slightly reflexed. Not having the operculum, I cannot place this species with certainty, but it appears to be an Luthria, somewhat allied to Hutton’s £. dzczncta from New Zealand. Bullia laevigata Martini.—A broad heavy species. B. achatina Lamarck. B. rhodostoma Gray.—Has little to distinguish it from 2. achatina, excepting the red lip, and an orange-coloured spiral rib at the base. B. digitalis Meusch.—Narrower and more sharply accuminated than 4. achatina. B. semiusta Reeve.—In form like B. degzdalis, but with the lower half of the whorls dark brown. B. annulata Lamarck.—A very well defined species stouter than B. achatina, with an angular keel at the top of the whorls, and the whole surface spirally grooved. B. callosa Gray.—Rarely found at Port Elizabeth. B. tenuis Gray.—A rather light species, with a broader body- whorl, and wider mouth than B. achatina. B. pura Melvill (‘Journal of Conchology,’ vol. iv., p. 316).— A newly described species, smaller than 4. achatina, with a much more slender spire, and with the entire surface strongly grooved. B. diluta Krauss. —A partially grooved species of slender form, with a row of brown dots above the middle of the whorl, and faint longitudinal flames. Cominella unifasciata Sowerby, nov. sp.—TZesta ovata, albida vel pallide lutea; spira acutiuscula, anfractus 6, superne 4 SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. fascia fusco-aurantia ornati, medio angulati nodoso plicati ; anfr. ultimus inferne attenuatus ; apertura medtocriter lata, fauce costata. Long. 13, lat. 7¥2 mill. A short angular species, distinguished by a reddish- brown belt at the top of the whorl joining the suture. The specimens received are all in worn condition. C. angusta Sowerby, nov. sp.— Testa anguste acuminata pallide fulva, punctis rufis sparsim picta; spira elata ; antractus 8 convext, cancellati ; apertura brevis ; columella sinuata. Long. 14, lat. 4 mill. An elegant little species with a long narrow spire, of a pale reddish yellow, with a few red spots. The spots are in most cases arranged inasingle or double row just below the middle of the whorl. Nassa pulchella A. Adams.—A pretty, well-known species. N. cerotina A. Adams.—Closely allied to WV. pulchella, of a uniform red or yellow colour, light at the base. N. coccinea A. Adams.—Shorter than J. cevotzna. Colour red, orange, or pale yellow, sometimes banded. N. plicosa Dunker (=sfectosa A. Adams).—A fine whitish species, tinged with reddish-brown at the base. N. kraussiana Dunker.—A species approaching very closely to the sub-genus Cyclops. Desmoulea abbreviata Wood.—This is the largest species of the genus. When adult it is almost always decollated. D. retusa Lamarck.—A prettily coloured species, varying from bright orange to crimson and purple. Always decol- lated, excepting when quite young. D. pyramidalis A. Adams.—Of pyramidal form, more like a typical Vassa, than the two preceding. Usually palish orange colour, with a brown columella. Purpura squamosa Lamarck. P. cingulata Linnzus.—A very curious white species, of a screw-like appearance. J.C., v., January, 1886, SOWERBY : MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 5 P. cataracta Chemnitz. P. capensis Petit.—Mr. Tryon in his ‘Manual of Con- chology’ quotes this species asa variety of the Japanese P, luteostoma. In this I can hardly agree with him. Pleurotoma sinuatum Deshayes (=P. buccinoides Kiener).— A more or less ribbed species with a brown or black epidermis, which has been made the type of a genus (Clionella Gray), and erroneously classed with the family Melanide. P. rosaria Reeve.—A smaller species resembling P. s¢zwatum in form, but orange or rose colour. P. kraussi Smith.—Another species of the C/onella section ; whitish, with waved brown lines. P. subventricosus Smith.—Somewhat like P. kvaussz, but much less prominently ribbed. P. semicostata Kiener.—Whitish, with prominent ribs in the middle of the whorls. P. castanea Reeve.—The specimens are of a darker colour than Reeve’s type. It is a small dark-brown species of the Drillza section. P. hottentota Smith.—A small species with a long spire and short mouth, generally white below and light-brown above, with a brown band at the top of the whorls. P. caffra Smith.—An orange-coloured species with rather a large body-whorl, and comparatively open mouth. P. diversa Smith.—This pretty little species seems to be rarely found. It is allied to P. caffra, but the longitudinal ribs are made conspicuous by the intervention of dark brown flames. P. capensis Smith.—A species of the Defrancia section, with a crisply cancellated surface, reminding one of the British P. reticulata, &c. P. tripartita Smith.—A fine species, very rarely found in good condition, 6 SOWERBY : MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. P. rousi Sowerby, nov. sp.— Testa oblonga, albida, atrofusco grandimaculata, lineis fuscts transversis et hic tlic longt- tudinalibus reticulata; spira mediocriter elata, apice ? (decollato); anfractus superne leviter concavt, deinde con- vext, longitudinaliter costati; costis conspicuts, rotundatis, superne angulatis, basin versus evanidis ; apertura latiuscula, sinu latiuscula superne emarginata canalt brevisstmo. Long. 20, lat. & mill. Shell oblong, whitish, with large dark-brown blotches, and reticulated with transverse and here and there longi- tudinal brown lines; spire moderately elevated, apex? (decollated) ; whorls concave above, then convex, longi- tudinally ribbed; ribs conspicuous, rounded, angled above, fading away towards the base ; aperture rather wide, with rather a wide sinus at the upper part, and a very short canal. Specimens in poor condition. P. bairstowi Sowerby, nov. sp.— Zesta fusiformis, atro fusca ; anfr. 7, convextuscult, costis brevibus albidis (in anfr. ult. circ. I2) ornatt ; apertura elongata, mediocriter lata, sinu latiusculo marginata ; canalt brevissimo. Long. I4, maj. lat. 5 mill. Shell fusiform, very dark brown ; whorls 7, ornamented with short whitish ribs (about 12 on the last whorl) ; aper- ture elongated, moderately wide with a rather broad sinus at the upper part, and a very short canal Melapium bulbus Wood.—This species is distinct from the M. lineatum, with which it has been confounded. The shells, which are longitudinally streaked with numerous brown lines, are scarcely ever more than 1 inches in length. JZ. dineatum is a species of very rare occurrence and probably inhabits a different part of the world. The specimen of it in the British Museum is nearly 21% inches J.C., v., January, 1886. SOWERBY : MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 7 long; compared with JZ dulbus it is of lighter growth, the longitudinal lines are broader and more distant, and a sharp prominent keel crosses the columella. Eburna papillaris Sowerby.—This very rare species has not yet been discovered in perfect condition. Separatista grayi A. Adams.—A very curious shell, rarely found. Ancillaria obtusa Swainson.—A very remarkable, and, when in good condition, handsome species. A. obesa Sowerby.—This pretty little species seems to be plentiful at Port Elizabeth, but as is the case with most of the species, perfect specimens are not so common. A. lineolata A, Adams.—Not common. A. cinnamomea Lamarck.—Generally smaller than the Red Sea specimens. Triton doliarius Lamarck.—A well-known, but curious species, having as much the appearance of a Dolium as of a Triton. T. africanus A. Adams.—Although of very different ap- pearance, I strongly suspect that this belongs to the same species as the last; the upper whorls are identical, but the last whorl is elongated and without spiral ribs. In one specimen before me the strong raised spiral ribs reach a varix just after the commencement of the last whorl, up to which point anyone would pronounce the shell to be Triton doliartus, after which its character is entirely changed. T. klenei A. Adams.—A species allied to the Australian T. exaratus (Reeve). T. nodiferus Lamarck.—Of rather more compressed form, and with more clouded markings than the Mediterranean species. I think that to separate Reeve’s Z: saulie from this species, is to draw too fine a distinction. 8 SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. Ranella leucostoma var. — (?).—Constantly distinguished from the Australian typical form by the lip being bordered with dark brown blotches. R. argus Gmelin. Fasciolaria heynemani Dunker (=fw7purea Jonas). — Specimens all imperfect, mostly much worn and broken. Latirus bairstowi Sowerby nov. sp.—TZesta turrita, atro- fusco; anfractus 8-9, leviter convex, longitudinaliter plicats, liris pallidis spiraliter cingulati ; anfr. ultimus maj. con- vexus, ad basin productus, atlenuatus; apertura parva, ovata, intus lirata; canalis longiuscula, leviter recurva. Long. 27, maj. lat. 8 mill. Shell turrited, dark brown ; whorls 8, slightly convex, longitudinally plicated, encircled with pale spiral ridges ; last whorl more convex produced at the base ; aperture small, oval, interior ridged; canai rather long, slightly recurved. L. rousi Sowerby, nov. sp.—TZesta turrita ; spira acutiuscula ; anfractus 9, leviter convext, longitudinaliter plicatt, lirts numerosts confertis planulatis atrofuscis (interstitiis fulvts ) cingulatt ; anfractus ultimus convexus, ad basin contractus ; apertura ovato breviuscula, intus lyrata; canalis brevis recurva. Long. 30, maj. lat. ro mill. Differing from Z. dazrstowd in the shortness of the canal, and in the spiral ridges being dark brown, flattened and broader than the interstices, which are light fulvous brown. Voluta (Callipara) bullata, Swainson.— A remarkable species, mostly found in very worn and broken condition. I believe no living specimen has ever been obtained. Mitra picta Reeve. M. latruncularia Reeve. M. patula Reeve. Marginella mosaica Sowerby.—A beautiful species of great rarity. J.C., v., January, 1886. > SOWERBY : MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 9 M. poucheti Petit (—JZ vittata, Reeve).—Very rarely found in good condition. M. piperata Hinds.—Several varieties. Mi. piperata var. albocincta Sowerby. M. lineolata Sowerby, nov. sp. — Zesta pyriformis, levis cerulescente-cinerea, punctis tenebrosts unbratis hic illic con- spersa; linets numerosts tenutssimts undulatts longitudinaliter notata ; spira conica, apice obtuso ; anfractus superne con- cavo-declives, deinde convext ; anfr. ultimus convexus, superne sub-humerosus, tnferne leviter attenuatus ; apertura latius- cula, labrum reflexum, albidum, collumella rectiuscula, quad- viplicata. Long. 30, lat. 5. Shell pyriform, smooth, bluish ash colour, with here and there a sprinking of dark shaded spots, and marked with numerous very thin longitudinal waved lines; spire conical, with an obtuse apex; whorls concavely sloping above, thence convex; last whorl convex slightly shouldered above and a little attenuated towards the base; aperture rather wide ; lip reflexed, whitish ; columella rather straight four-plaited. Beach-rolled specimens of this species have been familiar to me for some time, but a perfect specimen having now come to hand, I describe it, as I could not have done previously. bairstowi Sowerby, nov. sp.—TZesta sub-ovata, albida, maculis umbratis, grisets undulatis picta ; spira abbreviato- conica, apice obtuso; anfractus superne concavo declives ; anfr. ultimus superne obtuse angulatus, infra angulum levissime convexus, basin versus aliquanto attenuatus ; aper- tura medtocriter lata ; peristoma simplex ; labrum reflexum, incrassatum, album vix arcuatum ; columella rectiuscula, guadriplicata. Long. 15, maj. lat. Q mill. Very like JZ mosaica in form, but much smaller, and without the transverse rows of oblong dark brown spots so characteristic of that species. Io SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. M. paxillus Reeve.—A whitish shell of the Volvaria section. M. pellicula Marrat.—A white species with the apex entirely immersed, looking much like a Bulla of the Azys group. M. zonata Kiener.— A smallish species of the Volvaria section, encircled with two narrow brown bands. M. dunkeri Krauss.—Much like JZ. zonata, and probably a variety of it, with a broad central brown zone. M. capensis Dunker. Columbella alobuginosa Reeve. C. cerealis Menke (Auccinum ). Alcira elegans H. Adams. Cassis achatina, Lamarck. Dolium favanni Hanley. Natica genuana Reeve.—I have only recently obtained specimens of this species with their opercula. The oper- culum is white, smooth, and shining, with a short curved rib near the basal margin. N. forata Recluz.—I have not yet seen the operculum of this species. - Scalaria lactea Krauss.—A small white finely-ribbed species. S. clathrus, Linnzus (covonata Lamarck). Terebra capensis Smith.—A small white species, with a pale brown band at the top of the whorls, and at the base. Chemnitzia candida A. Adams. Eulima solida Sowerby.—A small species, rather broad at the base and slightly flexuose towards the apex. Conus rosaceus Chemnitz.—A very variable and beautiful. species, comprising C. aurora (Lamarck), C.lovend (Krauss), and C. ¢éntanus (Hwass). C. infrenatus Reeve. —An exceedingly beautiful species, of which there are several varieties. C. pictus Reeve.—A pretty species, very rarely found. C. lautus (Reeve) var. (2?) —Rare, only worn specimens. C. caffer Krauss.—Rare, only worn specimens. J.C., v., January, 1886. SOWERBY : MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH: AFRICA. II C. jaspideus Kiener.—Rare, only worn specimens. C. algoensis Sowerby.—Rare, only worn specimens. Cyprezea (Cyprzeovula) capensis Gray. — This curious species has recently been found in very good condition. C. fusco-dentata Gray. —A rare species, only found in more or less worn condition. C. edentula Sowerby.—Very fresh specimens recently to hand. C. (Trivia) oniscus Lamarck.—The largest and handsomest species of the Z7zvéa section. C. (Trivia) ovula Lamarck. C. (Trivia) formosa Gaskoin.—Rare. C. (Trivia) pellucidula Gaskoin. Cancellaria foveolata Sowerby. C. semidisjuncta Sowerby.—A curious species of very dis- tinct type, very rarely found in good condition. Littorina africana Philippi. Turritella carinifera Lamarck.—A curious strongly keeled species. Trochita helicoidea Sowerby (‘ Thesaurus Conchyliorum’). Crepidula aspersa Dunker. C. aculeata Gmelin. C. hepatica Deshayes. C. lentiginosa Sowerby. Phasianella capensis Dunker. P. kochii Philippi. P. elongata Krauss. Turbo natalensis Krauss. T. cidaris Gmelin. T. sarmaticus Linnzus.—Operculum very curious. Trochus (Ziziphinus) ornatus Lamarck. — In curious colours. T. (Ziziphinus) euglyptus A. Adams.—Rare. T. (Gibbula) granulosa Dunker (Delphinu/a). T. (Oxystele) impervia Menke. r2 SOWERBY: MARINE SHELLS OF SOUTH AFRICA. T. (Oxystele) merula Chemnitz. T. (Oxystele) tabularis Krauss. T. (Gibbula) capensis Gmelin. Stomatella cancellata Krauss. Haliotis mide Linneus. H. sanguinea Hanley. H. (Padollus) parvus Linnzus. Clanculus carinatus A. Adams. Fissurella calyculata Sowerby. . incarnata Krauss. . natalensis Krauss. . cruciata Krauss. . australis Krauss. on ee ee We | . concatenata Crosse and Fischer. Fissurellidia hiantula Lamarck. Pupillia aperta Sowerby.—Shell like that of /ssurella, but with a very large orifice. Patella capensis Reeve. P. cochlear Born. P. compressa Linnezus. P. argenvillei Krauss. P. granatina Linneus. P. rustica Linneeus P. tabularis Krauss. P. oculus Born. P. plicata Born. P. umbella Gmelin. P. dunkeri Krauss. P. echinulata Krauss. P. exarata Nuttall. P. granularis Linneus. J.C., v., January,.1886. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 13 P. variabilis Krauss. P. (Nacella) pruinosa Krauss. P. (Helcion) pectinatus Linnzus. Gadinia costata Krauss. Chiton gigas Chemnitz. C. tulipa Quoy. C. spiculosus Reeve. Tornatella alba Sowerby. a 8 O—O Zonites draparnaldi in Captivity.—The result of keeping a few Z. draparnaldi in captivity, was an innumerable colony. These the first summer flourished—living on cabbage, coltsfoot (Zussilago farfara,) broad-leaved dock (Aumex obtust- folius). The shells were very fine and of a medium texture. I found they would not hibernate even during the severest frosts, and asno sort of outdoor food could be procured, I fed them on chopped beef. I fear I degenerated their appetites, for the following spring and summer they constantly devoured each other, the weaker snails of course falling the victims to their stronger relations. I found also that during the second season the young shells were of a very thin texture, much smaller, ’ and in an unhealthy condition, so I let the whole colony go free on an ivied bank we have planted with ferns. I have not seen one since, so conclude this sickly generation never attained to the age of their forefathers, which is, I believe, about two or three years.—(Miss) F. M. HELE, 1885. * Genera Rec Moll., vol, ii. p. 651. + Invert. Massachusetts ed. 2 p. 85. + Conch. Mittelmeer, voli. p. 96. § Paleont. Indica, vol. ii. p. 266. || Moll. Reg. Arct. Norveg., p. 65. 44 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON SOME BRITISH VARIETIES OF LIMNA-. By SYDNEY C. COCKERELL, M.C.S. I have in my cabinet a few interesting forms of Limnza which it may perhaps be worth while to record. This is, in my opinion, the most engrossing of all British genera on account of the enormous variation in size, thickness, contour, &c., which the commoner species undergo. Scarcely any two examples from different localities are alike; and the gradations which unite one species to another are so numerous and imperceptible that one is often at aloss to: know where to draw the line between closely allied forms. Every conchologist must have met with specimens of Z. auricularia var. acuta on the one hand, and Z. feregra var. labiosa on the other, which he has found it difficult to refer with perfect confidence to either species. Some ZL. palustris of the conica type bear a greater resemblance, both as regards habits and appearance, to Z. ¢run- catula than to the parent stock; small examples of the var. elongata Mog. can scarcely be distinguished from Z. glabra ; var. corvus is like the stunted Z. stagnalis; and the vars. ¢incta and globosa are in extreme cases very similar to aberrant forms of L. peregra. The exact causes of all this variation are at present very much matters of speculation. We know that running water tends to foster a light and slender form of shell, and stagnant water a stronger and more expanded one, but why, for instance, asmall pond at Chislehurst should produce among its stunted inhabitants five scalariform Z. stagnalzs, or another small pond in the neighbourhood of Tooting a proportion of sinistral Z. peregra, isa very difficult and debatable problem. The same causes act in a similar manner on all the species, and we find, as might be expected, corresponding varieties in’‘most of them. Thus, to omit albinisms and variations in size, the var. reflexa of L. auricularia, the var. labiosa of L. peregra, and the var. labiata of L. stagnatis are all parallel. I have moreover a J.C., v-, April, 1886, S. C. COCKERELL : BRITISH VARIETIES OF LIMNA. 45 specimen of Z. palustris from Minster, near Sandwich, with the same expanded lip. Thecharacteristic spiral lines in Z. peregra var. picta appear frequently in Physa fontinalis and other species. Dr. Jeffreys mentions a Z. ¢runcatula affected in the same way, and I have streaked Z. g/utinosa from Reading, and L. palustris from Barnes and Shortlands, W. Kent. I have already recorded in the ‘ Zoologist’ the occurrence of LZ. peregra var. candida in the pond at Hampton Court and of Z. auricularia var. ampla inthe Thames at Hampton. There is in my collection a specimen of ZL. ¢runcatula var. ventricosa which I took at Bickley, Kent, and Mr. Lionel E. Adams has generously given me a fine example of Z. palustris var. corvus from Coggeshall, Essex. My brother (L. M. Cockerell) found two interesting monstrosities of Z. peregra at St. Mary Cray, Kent, the one being scalariform, and the other furnished with a triple lip. Similar to the last is a specimen from Chislehurst which has a double lip. Some specimens of Z. palustris pro- cured last summer at Shortlands, Kent, are an extremely interest- ing form, for which ‘amgudata’ would be an appropriate name. With a description of this I will bring these notes to a close, Limnea palustris var. angulata nv. Shell turreted, with five tumid whorls bluntly angulated at the periphery. Suture deep. Length 16 mill, breadth to mill. Aperture, which is oblong and nearly twice as long as the spire, length ro mill,, breadth 6 mill. There is a stream running through the pond which also contains Limnea peregra, Spherium corneum, Planorbis con- tortus, and Physa fontinalis. Vertigo moulinsiana in Notts,—Among a number of minute shells gathered by Mr. C. T. Musson of Nottingham, in April, 1883, from the rejectamenta at Carlton-on-Trent, I found specimens of this species. In the same lot were a few Vertigo pygmaa, V. puslla, &c.—J. W. Taytor, Mar. 23, 1886. 46 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF THE LOWER TEES. By BAKER HUDSON, M.C.S. [Read before the Conchological Society.] In the Journal of Conchology (vol. i1., p. 236 e¢ seg.), Mr. Chas. Ashford gave a list of the Land and Freshwater Shells, observed by himself during the early part of 1879, supplemented by notes by the Rev. W. C. Hey and my friend Mr. J. W. Watson. Mr. Ashford has suggested to me that I should embody my own observations of the Mollusca of the Lower Tees and immediate district, in a supplemental list. In the interests of our Society I have thought it well to adopt Mr. Ashford’s suggestion, and I now beg to offer the following, not indeed as completing the list for the district, but in order to bring it up to date. I have met with nearly all the species, recorded in Mr. Ashford’s list, in other localities, but confine my notes to those species and varieties not included in that list. Helix arbustorum L.—This is a decidedly woodland species with us, but though local, is not uncommon where it occurs. I have taken it near Guisborough, at Skelton, Saltburn, Wilton, and Thornaby. H. hortensis Miill.—Until recently I believed that this shell did not occur in the delta of the Tees (by “the delta” I mean the flat alluvial lands lying between the Cleveland Hills and the Durham Hills above Greatham). I have however recently taken it at Thornaby,—and a week ago I found a broken shell near a thrush’s altar in Airey Holme Wood, which belonged to the var. Jufea. It also occurs sparingly near Skelton, and in the vicinity of Stokesley. H. virgata var. albicans Grat. This variety is even more abundant than the type on Coatham Sand Hills. It J.C., v., April, 1886, HUDSON : MOLLUSCA OF THE LOWER TEES. 47 gradually passes by almost insensible degrees of colouration into a sub-varlety somewhat approaching var. J/ewcozona Taylor. H. virgata var. subalbida (Poiret).—Occurs sparingly with var. albicans. H. caperata var. fulva Picard.—I have taken a few specimens on Redcar Sand Hills, which I think are referable to this variety. Another variety somewhat more abundant occurs between Marske and Redcar on the sea banks, and also at Coatham. It is entirely without trace of banding, of a dirty white or yellowish hue with the apex black as in the type. In form, the shell is variable, but in general, resembles the type. I have not seen any varietal description which agrees with this. Zonites nitidulus var. Helmii (Alder).—I have taken this pretty variety in a lane leading from the Spring Gardens to Marske Road, between Redcar and Marske. ‘Though not uncommon it is exceedingly local, being confined to about fifty yards of a somewhat dry ditch. Succinea elegans Risso.—Until last year this species was moderately abundant in a ditch near Coatham brick ponds, but the ditch has now been enlarged and deepened and I am afraid the species will be lost to the locality. Limneza peregra var. lineata Bean.—Two or three of this variety have occurred to me at Marton. L. peregra var. acuminata Jeff_—Common in brook run- ning from old fish ponds at Kirkleatham. L. truncatula var. ventricosa Moq.—Pond near Normanby. Planorbis albus Mull.—Not uncommon in old fish ponds at Kirkleatham. Physa fontinalis var. oblonga.—Coatham Marshes. The slugs of the district seem very variable and but little has yet been done with them, I however append a list of those species and varieties not mentioned by Mr. Ashford. 48 HUDSON : MOLLUSCA OF THE LOWER TEES. Arion ater var. rufa (L.).—One at High Cliff near Guis- borough. A. ater var. marginata Moq.—Common in several places. Guisborough, Marton, Thornaby, Upleatham, Middles. brough, &c., &c. A. hortensis var. grisea.—Thornaby. A. hortensis var. fasciata.—Thornaby ; with var. gvdsea. A. hortensis var. rufescens Moq.—Near Middlesbrough. Limax maximus var. cellaria Mog.—Thornaby. 2 Helix obvoluta in Surrey.—It may be interesting to many of your readers to learn that He/¢x obvoluta would appear to be extending its habitat from Ditcham Woods, Hampshire (the only place in England where it has hitherto been found), to the adjoining county of Surrey ; for, during the past two years and again in the month of May last, I have found some half-a-dozen of the shells in the woods of Norbury Park, Surrey. It is true that all of them were dead specimens lying on the surface of the leaves from beech trees which had fallen in the previous autumn, and although I searched diligently for living representatives I haye hitherto failed in finding any, still as those discovered were in different parts of the wood, I feel con- vinced the animal must have established itself in the neighbour- hood.—S. J. DaCosta, June 21st, 18386. 82 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A List OF NORGE WiLtsS Hin Ey MOl mv S@Ar By T. D. A. COCKERELL. Tue recorders of the Conchological Society, in their annual report, observe that only one county in England, North Wilts., is without any records whatever. Having recently spent a few days at Swindon, I therefore endeavoured to collect as many species as possible, and am able to offer the following list as a nucleus to which we may hope, in the course of time, to add greatly, but which may serve as a first indication of the nature of the molluscan fauna. Spheerium corneum. S. lacustre. Type. S. lacustre var. ryckholtii. All these in the same pond, but the two species were in different parts of it. The type of .S. /acustre was very common at one place, but only one of var. xyckholti was found (measuring 6 x 6 mill.). Pisidium fontinale. Ina pond, with S. corneum. P. pusillum. In a small pond. Unio tumidus. A single valve in the canal at Swindon. Bythinia tentaculata. Planorbis fontanus (=«ztidus Jeff.). With 2B. tentaculata in a pond, and elsewhere ; apparently a common species in the district. P. albus var. major. One found in a pond: the variety is new to Britain. Locard, in 1879, gives the diameter -as 4—6 mill., and Pascal, in 1883, gives the diameter as 7 mill, alt. 14 mill. My specimen from Swindon has diam. 74 mill, alt. 2 mill. P. vortex. ; P. contortus. Living in a pond, with P. vortex. J.C., v., July, 1886, T. D. A. COCKERELL: NORTH WILTSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 83 Planorbis spirorbis. In the canal, with the two following. P. umbilicatus (=complanatus Jeff.). P. carinatus. Limnegea peregra. In the canal and in a pond. L. auricularia. In the canal and elsewhere ; apparently as common as Z. geregra in the district. One specimen approached var. ampla. L. stagnalis. One in a pond, with Z. auricularia. L. palustris. Ina pond, with Z. peregra. Ancylus lacustris. Type; ina pond. A. lacustris var. moquiniana. In another pond. The measurements are: type, long. 5# mill., diam. 3 mill., alt. t4 mill. ; variety, long. 64 mill., diam. 24 mill, alt. 2 mill. Arion ater var. nigrescens. One under a stone. Limax agrestis. Type; common, but I did not see one of the mottled variety. Succinea pfeifferi. By the canal. Hyalina cellaria. One specimen. H. pura. Type; one on an old tree-stump. H. crystallina. Locally abundant. Conulus fulvus, One by a pond. Helix aspersa. Very abundant. ‘They are largely eaten by the people round Swindon, under the name of ‘ wall- snails.’ I was assured by one who had eaten them that they are very excellent.. H. hortensis. Common amongst nettles by the road-side; the varieties found were lutea 12345, arenicola 1(23)45, and the almost white bandless variety swbalizda Locard. I did not see any traces of 4. nemoralis. rufescens. Very common. rufescens var. rubens. One specimen. H. H. H. rufescens var. alba. One at Blunsdon, June 2oth. H. concinna., One at the base of an elm tree. Fils hispida. One by a pond, » 84 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. H. virgata. One, immature, on a fence; it is pale yellowish, with indistinct bands. H. rotundata. Very common. H. pulchella var. costata. Balea perversa. One at the base of an elm tree, with 7 pulchella vax costata. Clausilia rugosa. Very abundant. CG. rugosa var. tumidula. One specimen. Cochlicopa lubrica. Not very common. Carychium minimum. Very abundant amongst damp rushes. Note on Helix obvoluta.—Mr. Jeffery, of Ratham, having supplied me with two living obvoluta last autumn, I have been much pleased by finding a host of young shells in ‘my snailery’ this summer. They vary in size from a pin’s head to the size of a half-grown odvoluta, thus, I suppose, re- presenting two or three broods. Iam feeding the little fellows with dock leaves, plantain (P/antago major), dandelion (Leon- todon taraxacum), and cabbage leaves. The dock leaves present the appearance (after a day’s feeding) of perforated cardboard, so I conclude this is their favourite food. ‘They remain on the leaves on the surface of the earth and seem to hide from the light, never crawling to the muslin top as our ordinary A. aspersa, nemoralis, pomatia, &c., do. In respect to keeping below they resemble the Zonites.—Miss F. M. HELE. ———__-e-¢—____ —- Succinea oblonga in North Somersetshire. — Amongst some drift collected from the banks of the River Brue, near Glastonbury, kindly sent me by Mr. O. Morland, I have been fortunate in finding a single specimen of this species in perfect condition. It is, I believe, new to Somerset- shire.—JNo. W. TayLor, June 5th, 1886. J.C., v., July, 1886. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 85 PROCEEDINGS or tHE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting HELD APRIL IST, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., in the Chair. The minutes of last meeting were confirmed. NEW MEMBERS. The following gentlemen were elected members of the society :—Rev. R. B. Watson, Rev. S. Spencer Pearce, and Messrs. Fred. R. Coles, Wm. Duncan, Wm. Baillie, and James Steel. The under-named were nominated for membership :— Mr. Chas. L. Smout, Hastings; Mr. J. Bickerton Morgan, Welsh- pool; Mr. Alfred E. Craven, F.G.S., F.L.S.. F.Z.S., Warwick Square, London; Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, Nottingham ; Mr. Geo. T. Rope, Wickham Market, Suffolk; and Miss S. Hockin, Hayle. HONORARY MEMBER. Prof. E. von Martens, Berlin, was nominated as an honorary member. DONATIONS. The following donations to the Society’s collection were announced :—Limnea stagnalis (var. elegantula) m. scalariforme from Chislehurst, Kent, collected and presented by Mr. D. B. Cockerell ; Cyclostoma elegans var. albescens Moq., Folkestone, collected by Mr. G. F. Payn; ydrobza corolla, found amongst frozen fish from New Zealand in New Bond Street, London ; Littorina obtusata var. ornata, near Weymouth, collected by Mr. L. M. Cockerell ; Scalaria communts, Columbella rustica, Conus mediterraneus, and Cochlicella acuta var. strigata from Gibraltar, collected by Rev. J. W. Horsley, presented by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell. The thanks of the meeting was accorded to Messrs. D. B. and T. D. A. Cockerell for their valuable donations. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. J. R. Redding, M.C.S., sent a collection of slugs from County Dublin, including very characteristic specimens of the variety bicolor of Arion ater, and numerous other species ; also a specimen of Helix aspersa showing a deformity in one tentacle. A collection from Mr. Thos. Scott, M.C.S., included examples of Zzmax /evis from Tarbert, Cantire; also Pupa ringens, Zonites radtatulus, Pistdium pusillum, Balea perversa, &c. Specimens of Spherium corneum and Physa fontinalis from Stafford were shown on behalf of Mr. L. E. Adams, B.A., MEG@ss: Meeting HELD MAY 6TH, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., presiding. The minutes of the April meeting were confirmed. NEW MEMBERS. The following were duly elected members of the society :— Chas. L. Smout; J. Bickerton Morgan; Alfred E. Craven, F.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. ; B. Sturges Dodd ; Miss S. Hockin; and Geo. Thos. Rope. The following gentlemen were nominated for membership : Wm. E. Hoyle, B.A.. F.R.S.E., Edinburgh; Thos. Wm. Pocock, J.P., Staines; John Ponsonby, Grosvenor Place, London. HONORARY MEMBERS. M. J. R. Bourguignat and Prof. E. von Martens were elected Honorary Members. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— “Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh,” by the Society. Testacella haliotidea from Whetstone, Middlesex (see ‘ Field,’ 1885, p. 607); Zonites glaber var. bicolor—new variety (not yet described), from Bromley, West Kent; thorn from stomach of J.C., v., July, 1886. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 87 Parmacella, from Gibraltar ; Physa hypnorum monst. angulatum, Bickley, West Kent (see ‘Nat. World,’ 1885, p. 200); Physa hypnorum var. cuprella . H. Rowe, near Leominster, Sussex (See “Nat. World,’ 1385, and ‘Gamer’), from Mr. 1. DAC Cockerell. The thanks of the society was voted to the donors for their valuable contributions. It was also resolved to enter into an exchange of publica- tions with the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. J, W. Taylor showed numerous specimens, including a collection sent by Mr. Wotton from Glamorganshire ; ex- amples of Helzx nemoralis from Truro, sent by Mr. J. H. James; a series of shells from Bedfordshire, which included a specimen of Clausilia rugosa with two distinct and separate apertures, sent by Mr. J. Saunders; an example of Unio tumidus from Worcestershire, on behalf of Miss Fairbrass ; examples of Helix virgata collected by Mr. Heathcote between Lytham and Fleet- wood ; and a specimen of TZestacella hatiotidea living, sent by M. Morelet from the Pyrenees. The president, Mr. W. D. Roebuck, exhibited examples of Limax cinereo-niger and other slugs from Powerscourt, Co. Wicklow, sent by Mr. W. F. de V. Kane, M.A., M.R.I.A.; also Amalia gagates, A. marginata, and other slugs, from Cushendun, Co. Antrim, sent by Rev. S. A. Brenan. Meeting HELD JUNE 3RD, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., in the chair. The minutes of the May meeting were confirmed. Correspondence from the Royal Physical Society of Edin- burgh, M. Bourguignat, Prof. E. von. Martens, and Mr. C. L. Smout, was brought before the meeting. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. NEW MEMBERS. Messrs. W. E. Hoyle, B.A., F.R.S.E., Edinburgh; T. W. Pocock, J.P., Staines ; and John Ponsonby, London, were duly elected members of the society. The following gentlemen were nominated for membership : —Messrs. A. J. R. Sclater, Teignmouth; J. T. Lightwood, Lytham ; and W. E. Collinge, Leeds. DONATIONS. The following donations to the Society’s library and collec- tion were announced :— 1. ‘Etude sur les Fossiles Tertiaires et quaternaire de la Vallee de la Cettina en Dalmatie.” 2. ‘ Monographies des genres Pechaudia et Hagenmulleria.” 3. ““eschiptiom «dey diverses’ especes de" ‘Czelestele Ser mde Paladilhia.” 4. ‘Bythiospeum ou description d’un nouveau genre de Mollusques Aveugles.” 5. ‘‘ Monographie d’un nouveau genre d’acephale du lac Tanganika.” 6. ‘‘Paulia ou description d’un nouveau groupe génerique de Mollusques Habitant la nappe d’eau des puits de la ville d’Avignon.” “ Description du nouveau genre Gallandia.” 8. ‘Hélixarionidées des regions orientales de L’ Afrique.” — Presented by M. J. R. Bourguignat. 9. “Abstract of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,” New South Wales, for January, February, and March, 18536.—By the Society. Flelix rufescens var. rubens, H. aspersa var. semifusca, FZ. hortensis var. lutea 00045, Physa fontinalts var. albina, Limnea stagnalis var. expansa, Planorbis vortex var. ? Claustlia btplicata monst. ¢v7dentatum, Pistdium nitidum, Limnea palustris var. ~ angulata, Felix hortensis var. lutea-minor, Limnea palustris monst. decollalum, L. stagnalis monst. decollatum, HH. hortensis var. crassa, FH. nemoralis var. libellula 00305, H. nemoralts var. J C., v., July, 1886. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 89 albescens, Claustlia rugosa var. gracilior, Hf. hortensis monst., Flyalina alliaria var. viridula, Physa acuta, Cardium edule var. vustica.—Presented by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell. The thanks of the Society was accorded the donors for their valuable donations. PAPERS READ. 1. ‘Some Preliminary Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca about Tarbert, Loch Fyne,” by Mr. Thomas Scott, M.C.S. 2. “On the Erosion of certain Freshwater Shells,” by Mr G. W. Shrubsole, M.C.S. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. A number of shells were shown for Mr. Scott in illustration of his paper; and also on behalf of Mr. Shrubsole illustrating his remarks on the erosion of shells. Mr. C. L. Smout sent for exhibition fine specimens of Buccinum undatum monst. acuminatum and Lulimus fabio from Central Andes. Mr. Collinge showed Helix hortensis from Spurn. Mr. J. W. Taylor showed slugs from Chepstow, sent by Mr. E. J. Lowe; and a collection of shells from Cambridge, sent by Mr. Tomlin. The President exhibited fine examples of Avion ater var. alba, from Co. Down, sent by the Rev. S. A. Brenan; also on behalf of Mr. J. R. Redding, various slugs from Co. Dublin ; and on behalf of Mr. L. E. Adams, examples of ZLzmnaa peregra from the River Bann, Coleraine, and Limax maximus from Stafford. Mr. J. W. Taylor also showed on behalf of Mr. G. T. Rope, a small collection from Shere, Surrey ; and Blaxhall and Leiston, Suffolk. Among the Suffolk specimens is a remarkably diminutive specimen of Helzx nemoralis found on the banks of River Alde, near Blaxhall. — ~ Oe go JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. By (Miss) BIRGITHE ESMARK. MALACOLOGICAL excursions may be made with the greatest ease in Norway, particularly in its southern or midland parts. You may proceed from Christiania in an easterly direction to the frontiers of Sweden, or in a northerly direction straight up to Throndhjem* ; all the way either by rail or by steamer along our coasts. In the latter case you may disembark and, if you choose, take the smaller steamers and go up whichever you please of our long and frequent fjords, and everywhere you will be sure to find forests and fields, rivers, creeks, and lakes. If you wish to proceed to the inland parts of the country you will often find the most excellent footpaths that in many instances will take you through lovely piaces with more or less grand scenery. ‘The south-western part of Norway round about ‘ Jeedderen ’f has, on the contrary, quite a different appearance. It looks naked and uninteresting to the eye, but it is however not at all unlikely that you might there find a rich malacological fauna. We are led to think so from what has been found in these tracts by people who have made occasional visits there. All that is required is someone willing to sacrifice a few sum- mer months to explore these regions. If you go in a northerly direction you may, as stated above, proceed by rail, and you will find plenty of places very rich in malacological respects; for instance, ‘ Gisterdalen,’ through which the river Glommen winds. Three successive summers I have visited some small part of this valley, and though I have not been able to spend more than two or three weeks each summer, I have found no less than thirty-seven species, mostly freshwater mollusca. The part between Tonset { and Thrond- hjem is yet quite a ¢erra tncognita in malacological respects. * Throndhjem= Drontheim. + The letter ‘‘ze” is pronounced like the English ‘‘a. ’ + The ‘‘6” is pronounced like the diphthong ‘‘ce.” J.C., v., July, 1886. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. gi From the little I have seen in ‘Gudbrandsdalen,’ (the valley that goes more north-westerly up to Romsdalen), I can safely say, that a careful explorer would be sure to find many interest- ing species ; whilst the valley of Valders is entirely unknown. If you desire to proceed higher up towards the North, to the arctic regions of our country, you will require both time and patience, for the distance is much greater, it is no longer a question of hours but of days, when you take any excursion. From Christiania to Throndhjem by rail the dis- tance is 560 kilometers (about 377 English miles). From the latter place you may proceed the whole way by steamer up to Vads6, 2,134 kil. (about 1,406 miles). When going up there in 1882 I did not go further than to the parish of Lebesby in ‘ Laxefjord,’ which is situated 2,463 kil. (1,674 miles) from Christiania, and took eight days to get there, and that seems a long time to spend merely to get to the place of your destination. These regions are however extremely attractive, not only to the tourist, but to everyone who is able to sacrifice some part of his time to study nature in one direction or another. In the latter case a visitor has also the great advantage that he can enjoy the beautiful scenery and employ his time in studying. He may do one thing, and at the same time not neglect the other ; he is even in a better position than a tourist generally is, because he gets to places where tourists seldom go. The nature of the scenery here offered to the traveller is grand indeed, High mountains, in many places descending perpendicularly into the sea, often appearing as if they had been torn asunder. Sharp alpic peaks covered with snow, and the blue glaciers may be seen, but nowhere else illuminated by the midnight sun, which at the same time sends a play of colours on the sea and the fjords. The bottom of the valley is overgrown with trees and bushes that decrease in size the further you proceed towards the north. Our common lowland plants have frequently much greater_flowers and fresher colours than in the more southern regions, and our alpic flora is grow- 92 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. ing quite down to the sea. All this must necessarily create the most vivid admiration and enthusiasm of every one who comes to see these tracts. When you are ashore anywhere you must, however, remem- ber that it is not an easy matter to go from one fjord to another. Even with a steamer it may take you from twelve to eighteen hours. And in places where you cannot take the steamer, but must havea boat, you will find it exceedingly wearisome in spite of the soft and pleasant couch of blankets and reindeer skins, that your boatmen have prepared for you, as the passage may last from sixteen to twenty, nay, even up to thirty hours. In the easterly parts of Finmarken—except in the South Varanger—you must necessarily limit your excursions to the sides of the valley, on the tops of the mountains you would find nothing but naked rocks. In other places where the moun- tains are more cut and less cohesive, you will find greater and lesser inlands, there you may ascend higher and find Piscdtum in the mountain lakes—in some places even Lzmuea. But you will certainly find the road up very difficult, for to tell the truth, there is no road at all; you must proceed over rocks, through swampy moors, wade through snow and rivers to reach the lakes. And then we must remember that the species found do not correspond with the exertions. They can, at any rate, not be compared with what we find in the more southern parts of Norway. Butonthe other hand, they are often of much greater interest, and sometimes you will feel rewarded for all your trouble in finding a great number of specimens. The districts that are more or less examined, are altogether very few and of very little extent. The valley of Christiania (Christianiadalen), that is to say, the town itself and the sur- rounding parishes, must be said to have been examined the best, and yet, even there, a great deal is left undone. Excur- sions have also been made towards Drammen, to Modum, Ringerige, and the east side of Tyrifjorden. The Skiensfjord, J.C., v., July, 1886. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 93 where the small places Langesund, Brevik, Statelle, Porsgrund, and Skien are situated, would certainly continue to reward a zealous investigator. The whole south-western country to Christiansand has only had a few day’s examination, which were of great interest. In Bergen and its neighbourhood, H. Friele has now and then found something, but I do not believe that these places have been more particularly examined. In the diocese of Throndhjem nothing has as yet been done; and what has hitherto been collected on the whole long coast line of Nordland and Finmarken, is so little, and in so few places, that we may safely say, as a whole, only a good beginning has been made. The peculiar form of Norway from 58° to 71° 25” north lat. gives a very long coast line, which besides in many places is cut through with a very great number of small and large fjords, in most cases excelling more through their length than breath, They are in many parts surrounded by high mountains, particu- larly in the dioceses of Bergen, Nordland, and Tromsdé Amt. It must consequently seem to be a matter of course, that the temperature must differ very much in Norway, and that the higher you go towards the north the colder the climate must be, as we thus more and more approach the coasts of the arctic seas, and even reach them. How is it then possible to fancy anything but ice and snow in these parts? It is, however, not at all the case. On the contrary, the temperature differs very much from this supposition. As it might therefore be of in- terest to many of the readers who have no opportunity to study the meteorological relations of our country through annals or experience, I have copied down a table from those edited by the Metereologiske Institut in Christiania. The places have been chosen (1) according to their different degrees of latitude, (2) as lying inland or more near the coast, (3) according to the altitude of the places. ‘O19Z MOTAQ S90IBAp a1e (y) YSU9Ise ue YIM soinsy osoyy, | | *p]Od jo seers 461 (ogi | ogi i541 zr | ZL) 0 |o |gir}o |o | 0 fort [Sx jorr |ev1 \gor jo61 641 j6gr |Zg1 | 10z | Loz ap yen she ©) Ohtealit Gel) GC) ites 9,6 ,j2 0 |€ c lor je z |g t jz z |Z O |Z 0,16 £,/6 1 Jz 1,/1 €,|t 3,6 z,|S Sylb P,| S o1,| r or,| sequras0q oO 4, 19 Sy| I 8x 0 ZxiZ 0 [gz [eV Of OO € |W € JE rE t |g t,f00 [§ o |x 1,/€ SS 1 |e €,|b z,| 9 9, | 6 o1,| requeaon EO, WOE OWE bo WA Seki eA AE GIES IS Pik P DS IS eooO Pele tlm |e ao. |G ue | ~ seep 09 29/99 jt 6 jé 11/9 11]t z1/S In] II/E 11/g Orr O11 C1168 fo6 ir gISL69 LOleo9ho/|S 9 |S zequtaydas Z OF |9 on] 6 OF fo E1/P G1j6 HrI1 HiJx H1Ig VIIE E1\g z1\g z1\g zi\g zi\z z1l1 11/9 o118 I10 O19 orb 6 | £ tr | € zr |: ysnsny Z 11 | 11] 8 21 |v PII9 o1ih SIjZ E/E IZ Silh €1\g z1lg zilg zie E1\b c1\S ore r1/Z crx oh 11/4 g | 1 zt | Z Er} - Ayn 16 |g 6| g on |4 21/2 v1\h £116 11/4 zilz PII9 11\Z o1/6 o1|€ o1/4 01/8 6 [€ g |S gL 8 £9 162/165 |og | 96 | = aun{ Bt IN Pies PAPO le OR ooo Ola kla At Ale ols SIS Siw Welles eloelS iiwe |ae | ox key My Cio, Hin Theol O) Oly WA UE he 17 V4 a? TOS Ie wr ee ap ey WSS fa Nha et fe ©) 4 Ok VA NO af) toll Se, | Sa, | mo — jaeehey 2 Gy EON s 45. (0 V19-1,)9 O19 9 \Ser |S OF Tigi t |m 1 IS O,\9 ZG Tye c,\G Cul, O,ic zy IS) GIONS uI 2 unl oon) =) Yoreyy I 11,0 6,/ € 11,!Z £,|6 ¥,|6 O,|6 © \2 O |E Z,/9 0 |z 1 |E o IZ Tyle Sylz £y16 z,|€ V, |S 6,/€ S,)9 Z,|S 9,| 9 z1,| O o1,| *Arenrqoq 6 11,/9 6,| € Et,\c 2.18 V1 O,|h 1 19 O |S Zl 1 \9 T 6 O [9 o,\z Vy Iz z, |S 1,/9 EF gilt VyIo 9,14 S,| 1 11,| 9 o1,| ** Arenuel GEo69 |ETo69) 0609 |SZo096PobG) o8% |TobS |0Z009|SZol9|GEo19| 0869/8089 |6Z099/E1099|6099|0Z069) 68069 82069 9olL [Go0L|G600L| OFo69 | 0&69 ‘yeT YON SS See eee be eles Mees | See | Sl al a) si eg S Pe | Boe | Bb Be pee |S Se a | BP Se] Bo ee | ee le Pe eB a Piel 2S epee ete ee a eee | eee ee ey ee y g 5 S| a | 2 a! 2, 2 | 8 | Se e a. ee 2, “YUOWW, : Pp Z eee ; S 5 5 = 8 ‘SMISTHO LO SHHAOAC NI AVMUON JO SHOVId LNAYAAAIG 62 10 HUNLVAECWAL NVEW FH ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 95 ‘The coldest tracts of Norway, where the mean temperature of the year is below o° is found in the highest parts of the mountains and the interior of Finmarken. Close to the sea it is only in the Varangerfjord that the mean temperature of the year is below o°. ‘The outer coast-line from Lister to Sognefjord has the highest mean temperature of the year. ‘The inland part of the south of Norway and Finmarken has the longest winter and the lowest mean temperature of winter, as the cold- est day and night is below +10°. From the interior part of the country towards the coast it always becomes gradually milder in winter. From the Throndhjemsfjord there is a long strip of the coast going southwards towards Lister, where the mean temperature day and night is above o. Summer is warmest in the south-eastern parts and in the inner parts of Sognefjorden. It is colder on the coast and higher up in the heart of the country. It is coldest on the coast of Finmarken and on the mountain tops. ‘The inner part of Finmarken has a warmer summer than the whole above-stated strip of the coast north of Skudesnees. As inland there is a warm summer and cold winter, and on the coast a coldish summer and a mild winter, the greatest change of temperature in the course of the year is to be found in the interior of the country (above 30° in Karasjok and above 25° in the south of Norway), whilst the least change is to be found on the coast of Romsdalen (only 11°). In Césterdalen and in the inner part of Finmarken the mercury freezes + 40° (in Karasjok +50°6). On the outer strip of the coast from Romsdalen to the island of Utsire the cold is never stronger than +9° to +11°. In the south-eastern parts of the country, in Sogndal and the interior of Finmarken there may be + 30°, but on the outermost islands of the western coasts never above 25°. Norway is chiefly a mountainous country, consisting of primitive rocks, slates and schists, eruptives, and the Silurian formation, ‘The Gneiss and hornblende-schist extend along the 96 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. coast. Jeedderen is, however, covered with glacial gravel, to- gether with erratic blocks of all sizes, and is very infertile. Violent tempests from the sea rage there horribly in the winter time—it is also mostly snowless—and the coldish sum- mer makes it difficult for trees and bushes to grow. It is, there- fore, the more interesting to observe that mollusks can thrive there. Higher up than the lake Mjosen are great quantities of sparagmit, sandstone, mica-shist, and quartzite, forming Cister- dalen, Gudbrandsdalen, and Dovre; the eruptives in other places forms great masses of finest granite in the southern interior parts, and gabbro in the grand mountain district of great renown, called ‘Jotunheim.’ In the diocese of Thrond- hjem, we have ‘ Throndhjem-schists,’ that to a great extent con- sists of mica-schist, whilst also Silurian lmestone strata are found, but they have, however, no significance as a substratum for the mollusks living on them. In Nordland and Finmarken we have schists, sandstone, limestone, and quartzite of the primitive rocks ; the limestone, as well in greater quantities as in lesser strata intermixed in mica-shist, as in the islands of Grété and Gaaso in Nordland, The Silurian formation is chiefly to be found in the valley of Christiania and neighbouring parishes going towards Dram- men, particularly as limestone and argillaceous slates. It ex- tends to Modum and Ringerige, and along the eastern side of Tyrifjorden as upper silurian limestone. We have also upper silurian strata on the eastern side of Skiensfjorden. ‘The Lake Mjésen is also surrounded by silurian rocks. How far the substratum has any influence on the appear- ance of mollusks is yet impossible to state, as the investigations have been too few. It is, however, a fact that the greatest number of species are found and collected on silurian rocks (in the valley of Christiania, and Skiensfjord), but at the same time . it must be stated that most of the species also appear in places very poorly provided with limestone, and then even in great J.C., v., July, 1886, ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 97 quantities, for instance, Zachea hortensis, Arionta arbustorum, Claustlia laminata, and C7. bidentata in the park of Jarlsberg, where it is porphyre, and where in the course of a few hours the Countess Wedel-Jarlsberg collected thousands, particularly on Angelica sylvatica and Stachys sylvestris. Not a few species have a different distribution from our neighbouring countries Sweden and Finland. With us they are found much higher towards the north, owing no doubt to the milder coast climate. Of naked snails we have Limax maximus up to 66° 49”, whilst in Sweden and in Finland it is not found higher than 62° 6”. Ihave been informed that a great black snail appears on one of the islands of Lofoten 68° 6”, but whether it is this species or the next it is impossible as yet to decide, as my in- former is no zoologist, and, therefore, does not know the two different genera. Avion empiricorum var. ater is found together with the preceding at 66°49’. It is not found in Siberia. Lehmannia marginata Mill. has been found by my friend Student Hoyer, in Porsangerfjord, in Finmarken, in Sweden to 62°—63°, but neither in Finland nor in Siberia. A. hortensis is not found in Finland, nor in Sweden up to about 63”, but will most likely be found further north, as it exists in Siberia, and in Norway to 69°, in Trondenzs on the Island of Hindé. ) ) 8°5 bP) From Norderhoug, in the Ringerige I have some handsome and very slender shells, alt. 37°3 mill.,.diam. 14°5 mill., mouth alt. 17°5 mill., diam. 8.5 mill. L. stagnalis var. turgida Menke. Tonset in Hamar Stift. L. stagnalis var. minor» Kob. ‘onset, Abborretjern, Gudbransdalen. Subgenus GULNARIA Leach. _Gulnaria auricularia L. Rare. Tyrifjorden and Asker in GEstensé near Christiania. Prof. Sars found them in great quantities ; lately they have quite disappeared. Lier, Skien. 116 ESMARK ; MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. G. lagotis Schr. More common than the preceding species. Asker, with the whorls very convex, and open wmbilicus ; Ringerige, Skien, Christiania, Dovre (1000 m. high) ; Fiskumvand at Eker; Lillehammer, very thin and brittle ; Manger, near Bergen ; and Tonset. G. lagotis var. baltica Nilss. Arendal. G. ovata Drap. Probably all over the country, as it is very common in Christiania, Christiansand, Hamar, and Tromsé Stifts. From most localities, very thin and so changeable in form, that I hardly have the same form from two localities. All these variations and transitions make it very difficult and doubtful how to deal with varieties, which very often seem to be ‘ edingte varietaiten.’ On that account I have found it better to wait, in hopes that when we have got many more collections from different parts of the country, and from the same locality more than one year, we shall be able to give a fuller account of this species. Ina rivulet in Asker, where there is a rapid current, I collected many shells, both full-grown and young ones, the latter with the spire very slender, whorls very convex, mouth broad (egg- formed), reminding me of /agotzs. The full-grown speci- mens had the spire shorter, mouth larger, and resembling var: patula D. C. In Ténset Guluaria lives in every lake and pond, but nowhere in its typical form. In a swamp overgrown with rushes, there lived a very interesting form, which reminds one equally of /agotis and feregra as ovata. I had. the opportunity to collect them in two succeeding summers, they are not only different the two years but also each collection. A// have the first whorls very convex as lagotis, but the spire is more plump and the suture not so deep, more like ovata. The last whorl is depressed under the suture. which makes it angled, not rounded, in bending down. The first year’s collection was for the- greater part full-grown specimens. Some had the last whorl compressed under the suture, this makes it less J.C., v., Oct., 1886, ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 117 bulged, and the mouth egg-shaped above at an acute angle; others have it oval or angled-oval, reminding us of forms of L. peregra var. curfa. The second year I found mostly biennial animals, and I am inclined to think they have had much more food, as the last whorl suddenly was more expanded with the suture ascending as in /agofzs, the striz coarser, mouth egg-shaped, spire variable in height. At present I must put it down as ovata, without deciding it as any variety before I have got more collections from the same place, hoping later to find a constant form. At Lomtjem in Kvikne, 40 kilometers farther north and 7oo metres altitude, I found a Limnzea, which also must be ranged under ovata. In some the spire is higher than in the typical form, and gradually gets shorter, and at last it resembles var. patula ; whorls very convex, the most of them horizontal under the suture, in which it is like the preceeding, but is separated from this by the last whorl, being much more bulging, mouth much larger, and the outer lip reflected. G. ovata var. colletti Hoyer. Laxcelv in Porsangerfjord in the Amt of Finmarken. G. ovata var. patula Da Costa. Toten near Mjdsen, Vaale in Jarlsberg, and Oxfjord, in the Amt of Finmarken. L. mucronata Held. Vardo, in the Amt of Finmarken. Subgenus LIMNOPHYSA Fitz. L. palustris Mill. Not common. Boérsesé near Skien, Maalselven, in the Amt of Tromso ; Pasvikelven, in the Amt of Finmarken. L. palustris var. septentrionalis Cles. C£stensd, near Christiania. L. palustris var. fusca. Bergen. L. peregra Mull. Very common in Christiania, Christian- sand, and Hamar Stifts, and is found up to Varangerfjord, in the Amt of Finmarken, and belongs to the circumpolar species. At the Zoological Museum they have some shells 118 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. i found on the ‘ Frognerdam,’ in Christiania, 1834. I have compared them with those I have collected fifty years later, they are just as thick and strong, but the form is not quite the same; the last whorl has been less convex, some- what truncate, with very distinct sculpture, as in Z. stag- nalis, even in very young specimens. Alt. 16 to 17 mill. Shells from Asker and Jarlsberg have the same form. From Gaas6, in Nordland, I have a very interesting form with the whorls very convex and suture very deep. Mala- kozool Blatter, N. F., Band viii., with two plates. . peregra var. margaritana. Asker. . peregra var. ambigua West. Is an intermediate link between peregva and lagotiés. Prof. Sars has found some in ‘ Lusvand,’ at Jeedderen, which must be like this. It is exceedingly pretty, glossy, very finely striated, yellowish- brown, with dark reddish-brown spire. Alt. 17 mill., diam. 9 mill., mouth alt. r1°5 mill., diam. 6°5 mill. . peregra var minor Mh. Alt. g‘1z mill., diam. 6°5 mill., mouth alt. 7 mill., diam. 4°2 mill. Modum, in Christiania Stift. . peregra var. elongata Cles. Baadntjern, near Christiania. . peregra var. peregra-ovata Kob. Salangen, in the Amt of Tromsé; Kistrand in Porsangerfjord, in the Amt of Finmarken. . glabra Mill. Not very common. In the vicinity of Christiania, Romerike, Laurvik, Jarlsberg, and Sandefjord, in Christiania Stift ; Skudesnzes and Lillesand, in Christian- sand Stift. . glabra var. elongata Jeff- Bamble, near Langesund. . glabra var. subulata Kob. Ina pond at Arendal. . truncatula Mill. Very common, both in the northern and the southern parts. Porsangerfjord and South. Varanger, in the Amt of Finmarken. J.C., v., Oct., 1886. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 11g L. truncatula var. microstoma Drouet. Helg6é in Mjdsen, Ullensaker, Gudbrandsdalen, Gaasd, Tromso, and South- Varanger. L. truncatula var. oblonga Puton. Asker and Bryn, near Christiania ; Troms6. L. truncatula var. maximella. Asker, Justd, near Lillesand. L. truncatula var. compressa B. Esm. Bergen, Statelle, Brevik, and Tromso. L. truncatula var. schneideri B. Esm. In several ponds on ‘ Fldifjeld,’ near Tromséen, in the Amt of Finmarken. L. truncatula var. minor. Asker. Subfamily PHYSINA. Genus PHYSA Drap. Subgenus PHYSA Drap. Physa fontinalis L. Rare. Vaale, Ramnees, and Jarlsberg, in the county of Jarlsberg. Subgenus APLEXA Flem. Aplexa hypnorum L. In the neighbourhood of Christiania ; the Justud, near Lillesand, 14°5 mill. alt. Subfamily PLANORBINA. Genus PLANORBIS Guett. Subgenus TROPODISCUS Stein. Planorbis marginatus Drap. Rare. Bergen, Jeedderen ; many years ago found on Bygdé, near Christiania. Subgenus GYRORBIS Ag. P. vortex L. Very rare. Christiania and Bergen. P. rotundatus Poir. Rare. Several places near Christiania and Hvaloerne. P. spirorbis L. Rare. Asker. Subgenus BATHYOMPHALUS Ag. P. contortus L. Very common in Christiania, Christiansand and Hamar Stifts, Nordland, and Finmarken. Subgenus GYRAULUS Ag. P. borealis Lovén. Very common in Christiania, Christian- sand, and Hamar Stifts, Nordland, and Finmarken. I20 ESMARK ; MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. ee E- P: . borealis var. angigyrus West. Tonset, Kvikne, and Ringerige. . borealis var. flexus West. Christiania. . borealis var. gredleri Cles. Christiania, Siljordvand in Telemarken, Drammen, Gudbrandsdalen. . borealis var. arcticus Beck. Finmarken. . polaris B. Esm. and Hoyer. Maalselven, in the Amt of Tromso. . limophilus West. Rare. Jzedderen and Valders. . concinnus West. Rare. Cé£ier in Gudbransdalen. . glaber Jeff. Not common. Jeedderen, Valders, Christiania, Bergen, Gaaso in Nordland. . stromi West. Rare. «Christiania and Eker. . albus Mill. Common in Christiania, and Christiansand Stifts, Bergen, and Cesterdalen in Hamar Stift. . albus var. hispidus Drap. Drdbak, Sandvigen in Asker ; Bergen. . albus var. cinctutus West. Very common. Christiania, Christiansand, and Hamar Stifts, Nordland and Finmarken. . albus var. depressus West. Ringebu in Gudbransdalen. . albus var. lemniscatus Hartm. Gausdal and Ringebu in Gudbransdalen, Christiania, Arendal, Jeedderen, and Bergen. . albus var. draparnaldi Jeff. Jedderen, Stavanger, and _ Fredriksstad. Subgenus ARMIGER Hartm. . crista L.. . crista var. nautileus L. Helgé in Mjdsen, and Snardén near Christiania. crista var. cristatus Drap. Christiania, Fredriksstad, and Stavanger. crista var. spinulosus Cles. Fredriksstad. Subgenus HIPPEUTIS Ag. complanatus L. Rare. Moss, Akersvand in Jarlsberg, Skien, and Arendal. J.C., v., Oct., 1886. ESMARK: MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. I21 Subgenus SEGMENTINA Flem. P. nitidus Mull. Rare. Bergen. Subfam ANCYLINA. Genus ANCYLUS Geoff. Subgenus ANCYLUS Geoff. Ancylus fluviatilis Mill. Not common. In the vicinity of Christiania, Sandefjord, and Jzedderen. A. fluviatilis var. gibbosum Bourgt. More common than the preceding species. Christiania, Asker, Sognselven, Fiskum, and Skien. Subgenus ACROLOXUS. Beck. A. lacustris L. Christiania, Brevik, Skien, Arendal, and Jeedderen. Genus PISIDIUM C. Pfr. Subgenus RIVULINA Cless. Pisidium globulare Cless. Rather common. Many places near Christiania, Ringsaker at Hedemarken, Romerige, Ringebu, Tonset, in Hamar Stift ; Langevand, near Bergen ; also in Christiansand Stift ; Maalselven, in the Amt of Tromsé; Porsangerfjord and South-Varanger in Amt of Finmarken. Subgenus FOSSARINA Cless. P. henslowianum Sheppard. Bergen. P. fossarinium Cless. Very common. Many places round Christiania, Drdbdék, Laurvik, Porsgrund, Romerige, Hvalderne, ‘ Siljordvand’ in Telemarken, Tonset in almost all lakes, and as far north as Maalselven, Tromsden, Pors- angerfjord, and South-Varanger. P. fossarinum var. flavescens Cless. Krddsherred, Chris- tiania Stift ; Trondenes, in the Amt of Troms ; Alten, in the Amt of Finmarken. Abnormity.—‘ Colour white, glossy; lower margin is not straight, but impressed from the side; from the underside it looks like fig. 1, from the side it is long and narrow, as in fig. 2. Something like this form has also been seen in Unio. It is sure to be caused by external circumstances.’ (Clessin in letter.) 122 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. P. pallidum Pfr. Rare. Asker by Christiaia, Ténset, Fjeld- frédskelv in Maalselven. P. obtusale Pfr. Very common in Christiania, and Christian- sand Stifts, and in the Amt of Tromsd. Often in great quantity. Many localities round Christiania, Eker, Ringerige, Romerige, Krddsherred, and Jarlsberg, in Christiania Stift ; Brevik, Arendal, Skien, Lillesand, ‘ Langvand,’ in Bergen ; several lakes in Tonset, where I also found a small form, very ventricose, colour bluish-grey, and epidermis rough ; Trondenes, ‘ Skotstinderne,’ near Grété ; ‘Tromséen. P. obtusale var. personatum Malm. Romerige. P. obtusale var. esmarkiana Cles. Sandtjern at Eastern Modum. P. obtusale var. colletti Cles. Shell small, ventricose, toler- ably solid, distinctly striate, beaks broad, ventricose and very prominent ; antertor margin short and rounded, posterior margin narrow and rounded. Ringebu in Gudbransdalen. P. lilljeborgi* Cles. Very common in the north. It is new for the fauna. In Ténset, in many lakes; Gausdal, in Gudbransdalen ; Gaasé and Grétd, in the Amt of Nord- land ; Trondenees, ‘ Preestvand,’ in Tromsden, in great quantities ; Oxfjord and Kveenvik, in Alten, in the Amt of Finmarken. P. lilljeborgi var. transversale Cles. Trondenzs. P. lilljeborgi var. minor. ‘ Vetlevand,’ near Gausdal Sana- torium. P. pusillum Gmel. Rare. Asker, Eker, and Christiansand. P. pulchellum Jen. Not so rare as the preceding species. Statelle, some small lakes at Tonset, Gausdal, and Trondenes. P. hoyeri Cles. Tromsdéenand René, in the Amt of Troms6. P. nitidum Jen. Rather common. Tryrifjorden, Eker, Ringerige, Laurvik, Skien, several lakes round Arendal, * The description of this and following new species and varieties is in the last part of ‘ Malacozoologishe Blatter,’ N. Folge Band viii. J.C., v., Oct., 1886. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 123 Christiansand, many lakes in Ténset ; Andéen, in the Amt of Troms6é ; Oxfjord and Hammerfest, in the Amt of Fin- marken. ‘ P. subtruncatum Malm. Rare. Christiania, Eker, Arendal, and Christiansand. P. milium Held. Common in Christiania, Christiansand Stift, the Amt of Nordland, the Amt of Tromsé6, and the Amt of Finmarken. Akersvand, in Jarlsberg; Krddsherred, lakes round Gausdal Sanatorium and in Tonset, Maal- selvedalen, Trondenes and Tromséen. P. scholtzii Cles. Not common. Gausdal and Ringebu, in Gudbransdalen, Tonset, Trondenzs, Maalselvedalen, and South-Varanger. 2na Ord. GASTEROPODA OPERCULATA. I. PULMONATA TERRESTRIA. Family VALVATIDA. Genus VALVATA Mill. Subgenus CINCINNA Hiibner. Valvata piscinalis L. Common. In the vicinity of Chris- tiania, Gudbransdalen, Tonset, Jeedderen, Porsangerfjord, South-Varanger ; belongs to the circumpolar species. V. piscinalis var. costulata West. Ringebu in Gudbrans- dalen. Alt. 4°7 mill., diam 4°8 mill. Subgenus TROPIDINA Adams. V. depressa C. Pfr. Stavanger, ‘ Vetlevand,’ near Gausdal Sanatorium. Alt. 5 mill, diam. 6 mill. Subgenus GYRORBIS Fitz. V. cristata Mill. Rare. Christiania. V. sibirica Middl. Bottnelv, in South-Varanger ; and Saloni- javre in Pasvikelven, in the Amt of Finmarken. Family RISSOID/AS. Genus BYTHINIA Gray. Bythinia tentaculata L. Frognerdammen near Christiania. 124 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. Ciass II.—MOLLUSCA CONCHIFERA. Family CYCLADID., Genus SPHASRIUM Scop. Subgenus CORNEOLA Clessin. Spherium corneum L. Many places around Christiania ; but is not common elsewhere. Moss, Formo in Gud- bransdalen ; Jarlsberg, and Tyrifjorden. S. draparnaldi Cless. Bergen, several localities ? (Wester- lund). S. mamillanum West. Much more common than the pre- ceding species, and goes much farther north ‘Sognsvand’ near Christiania, Skien, Norderhoug at Ringerige, ‘ Vetle- vand’ near Gausdal Sanatorium, several lakes at Tonset and Malangen, in the Amt of Tromso. S. mamillanum var. clessini mihi. Shel/ small, in trans- verse section, heart-shaped, with prominent lines of growth, greyish-horn colour, either with three narrow greyish-yellow bands, or the two lowest confiuent ; lower margin more rounded than the type, and the curve to the anterior and posterior side less prominent. Cardinal teeth in the left shell as in the type, cardinal tooth in the right one less curved, and not thickened tn the posterior part. . 6°5 mill., br. 5°8 mill, th. 4°6 mill. From ‘Vetlevand,’ near Gausdal Sanatorium in Gudbransdalen. Genus CALYCULINA Cles. Calyculina lacustris Mill. C. lacustris var. steini A Schm. Rather common, but only in Christiania and Christiansand Stifts. Several localities near Christiania, Asker, Snarden, Jarlsberg, Sem, Skien, Drébak, and Eidsvold. C. parulum Cles. C. parulum var. martensi Cles. Bergen. Family UNIONIDA. Genus MARGARITANA Schm. Margaritana margaritifera L. Very common all over the country. Genus ANODONTA Cuv. Anodonta cygnea L. Probably common, but very little known. J.C., v., Oct*, 1886. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY, 125 A. cygnea var. cellensis Gmel. Asker, Trdgstad, Vandsé, near Moss; and Hvalderne, in Christiania Stift. A. cygnea var. ponderosa Pfr. Bédrsesd, near Skien. A. cygnea var. anatina L. Trogstad. TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION* sa ere e = 5 z NAME. eZ, eld a wo) = =| 2 = = e es oe ete ee a Pe 5 Om Ona aera erie libces Zz mM | No fbr | wa Family LIMACIDA. | 1. Genus LIMAX. 1 | Heynemannia maximus Tifa I 1, So var. niger ... I I I | a var. albus ... iat eon) ae en licerolslh (ere var. fasciatus iy eG I Ono var. cinereus-nebulosus Tle O} | 2 ia\e 0) |eeo var. leucogaster Tuo) |e Rony ier 2 | H. cinereus ose te Eo 2Onie oni Oh |) a var. unicolor Tia| OPO a Ol |) ict var. punctatus I fo) fe) fo) (9) 3 | Malacolimax tenellus... Tia Os |e di genie O 4 | Agriolimax agrestis ... soc Rea) | ee a Kf var. succineus ji Aieeraslliay tials Copdl 1 (: var. norvegicus Ee || 1G Ov GO | OKeE var. albidus I fo) I On|) ae var. varlans Tia ON ee Tin| a1On|b eo) 5 | Hydrolimax levis ae ae TOR meatal sO): 10 6 | Lehmannia marginata oe ee I I a O) |e) var. ebscurus onc Se I OF] On ONO 2. Genus ARION. 7 | Lochea empiricorum Ling | eT | esos lames Pa 1G) var. ater I I I (@) Oo var. marginatus I fe) Oo Oo fo) var. medius I a} Oo} @ var. albus ... Dae Ontn Dat O!: |e 8 | Prolepsis subfuscus ... Lor wel oT | See ete ||h ty var. albus .. I i On Ono 9 | P. hortensis ; I I Teal Os |p e to | P. citrinus... a08 ane ace ll Srey i sg lh voy] Io) Il.—Family HELICID/. 1. Subfamily VITRININA. 3. Genus VITRINA. 11 | Phenocolimax pellucida oe Ha oe LATS SED RE || 12 | P. angelice _.-. 33 sce SEC ae I Bm Onn ae * I have divided Norway in two parts—south and north of the polar- circle. 126 Number. 2. Subfamily HYALININAL. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA NAME. 4. Genus HYALINIA. Euhyalina cellaria 00 var. compacta var. plana ... . alliaria . nitidula pura 3 . hammonis ... . petronella Vitrea crystallina V. contracta Conulus fulvus Zonitoides nitida Z. norvegica ... 5 3. Subfamily ‘HELICID A. 5. Genus HELIX. Patula pygmea P. rotundata P. ruderata : Acanthinula aculeata ... ibs var. subleevis ees A. harpa Vallonia costata V. pulchella Trichia hispida Bc nee var. depilata var. conica a var. septentrionalis var. concinna var. nana var. albina ... Xerophila candicans ... Eulota strigella E. fruticum Chilotrema lapicida Arionta arbustorum ... var. rudis var. alpestris var. flavescens var. trochoidalis ... var. picea ; var. septentrionalis Tachea nemoralis T. hortensis ... 4. Subfamily PUPINA. 6. Genus BULIMINUS. Napaeus obscurus | South Norway. Fe Oe Fo PN NT Te DD DD DD OF NORWAY. C0O00OHF OOH OR OOOODOOOOOHR HH OOF OF me OOO HOR HH HTH OOOH OR KH KH HH He HS eS e 3 = al iS) . Alcaalics cet |e OU ae qa} || ms) It ou (ae eee | ne S | = | 4 || Zp) |) (Se Ot @ |} © © || © Oj) Oa © |) Poa tr Dea ak Ou Oye NOs) eee nb Oe leeu ©} © OrrRyOOeR eH OOOO O = (e) (©) (e) {e) (e) (e) e) (oe) SW 5! (e) (ec) (e) (e) (oe) (ce) (e) fo) Tt (ee) (e) T1(e) fe) Np Crravest Oct 1886 Orrwy OOeRH OOOO CO | Siberia. C0O000COOCOOOHF OR OOOCOOOH HHO OOH OF 41 42 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 127 ale 5 | 5 iS) SPS [Ss 3 See ee ice |p es aay | ra I ON | Teer || we 7. Genus COCHLICOPA. Cochlicopa lubrica I I I I I var. minima I I i |} © || © yar, albina... I © ©] oO] © 8. Genus PUPA. Charadrobia cylindracea Pl Oy wi] ol © Pupilla muscorum Soc I I I w ||) @ var. lundstrémi fo) I ©] Oj i var. elongata fe) I | © © var. minor ... i] Ol Li oO]. © Isthmia minutissima ... Ist ue i Ol wi) © © var. odontostoma ... I ©] ©} @]} © Columella edentula ... ae ri Ox) i I I var. gredleri I I I © || © Vertigo gravida rf O| ©} ©] © V. pygmeea ely On| mil © V. substriata I I I i || © V. antivertigo ... Te | eO I © || © V. lilljeborgi lhe @ We 3 i || © V. alpestris I I I ni © V. arctica I I iO} i V. pusilla I I zi] © u V. angustior ... hits sie t | @| «1 @ | © 9g. Genus BALEA. Balea perversa ... I I I i || © var. lucifuga fe I fo) I @©|| © 10. Genus CLAUSILIA. Clausiliastra laminata.. mi @} i r | © var. virescens i | ©] ©] ©] © var. nana i @| O| ©} © Alinda biplicata i | @|] t] ©] © Pyrostoma ventricosa... ri} © 2), ©} © P. rolphi ri] ©] OO} ©} © P. plicatula aes ooo zr] ©] a i |} © var. leucostoma I fo) I © | © var. curta I fo) I fo) fo) Iphigenia sejuncta iil ©} a] © © I. dubia 2 50 mi} Oj) “£ il ©] © : var. obsoleta ri O| ui} @} © I. cruciata vi ©} ©} LB) © I. bidentata aes fas as I i} oo i | © var. septentrionalis I I 1 OO var. Exigua... I Oo I Oo oO var. erronea ri ©} wl ©} © var. subrugosa I fo) I ©] © var. minor ... I ©} ©} ©} © var. elongata Olan On anO eee SS — —————————————————— ee 128 | Number. 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 NAME. 5. Subfamily SUCCINIDAL. 11, Genus SUCCINEA. Neritostoma putris . var. olivula var. trianfacta var. limnoidea_.... Amphibina stagnalis . . Suc on A. pfeifferi Bae ae , var. contorta var. propinqua var. ventricosa var. contortula var. Sarsi Lucena oblonga aoc aa var. agonostoma var. arenaria III.—Family AURICULIDA. 12. Genus CARYCHIUM. Carychium minimum . : IV.—Family LIMN ZIDA. 6. Subfamily LIMNAIDA. 13. Genus LIMNAA. Lymnus stagnalis var. vulgaris. var. turgida var. minor ... Gulnaria auricularia G. lagotis aoe Ase var. baltica... G. ovata ue ane 360 5a var. colletti... var. patula 5g6 G. mucronata ... Limnophysa palustris... : var. septentrionalis var. fusca L. peregra... 386 oe var. margaritana var. ambigua var. minor ... cbs var. elongata var. peregra-ovata... L, glabra tee 203 var. elongata var. subulata L. truncatula ... a ai Hae var. microstoma var. oblonga | South Norway. BARRE OOOeH OF KS He ee Sse se ee OR SF HE SH He HSE HOR OR HR HH Se ee eS ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY, SeeEOOOROOOOH OOH HHH HOODOO OO OOkR KH KF HOODOO HR HH OR OH OH HB HH OK Se OOF OODCOOOOHF OOH OOOOH FH OOO a is} S = J p q as) . « a = ees ra) ao) Ss ta 4 oO yt oO Oo} #/.8] 2 Alni&a |m Oo I I I Oo (0) Oo Oo Oo I fe) Oo (e) (e) oO ie) ie) (@) (e) (9) I } I I I I I oO ie) Oo (0) Oo Oo I oO Oo (e) I oO Oo oO I fe) oO (e) (e) I (e) I O I oO I Q I Oo oO Oo I I fe) OFF OOODDODOOOHF HOF OH OF OR FOR OF J.C., v., Oct., 1886. 129 | *BLIOGIS Oo000 Las! Lal BeeeOrRrROODOOONONONONOOFOHOOOQOQCOOOF & 0° Oo OO = Kid 104 ae 29F ip UM JOUYYI OVS iP: oth ie ad me Pea) 4 q g fig S Uy Ss a a} s A) 5) plea a + ~ SY o ° op : g U AY MUON fo dV W ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. BS || BS 3 | 3 Slee © || S s NAME. 7 | 2 : al | : =| 3 A D || var. maximella Ht | © var. compressa ree var. schneideri Ont var. minor ... I te) 7. Subfamily PHYSINA 14. Genus PHYSA. 78 | Physa fontinalis : Pee teas Z || © 15. Genus "APLEXA. 79 | Aplexa hypnorum .. S00 ul] © 8. Subfamily PLANORBINA, 16. Genus PLANORBIS. 80 | Tropidiscus marginatus 06 81 | Gyrorbis vortex 82 | G. rotundatus ... 83 | G. spirorbis 84 | Bathyomphalus contortus 85 | Gyraulus borealis 360 var, angigyrus var. flexus ... var. gredleri var. arcticus 86 | G. polaris 87 | G. limophilus ... 88 | G. concinnus 89 | G. glaber 90 | G. stromi QI | G. albus var. hispidus var. cinctutus var. depressus var. lemniscatus var. draparnaldi 92 | Armiger crista... oe sas var. nautileus var. cristatus var. spinulosus 93 | Hippeutis complanatus 94 | Segmentina nitidus ... g. Subfamily ANCYLINA, 17. Genus ANCYLUS. See eee eee eee eee eH OOK HH eee ee O000DCOOOOFOOORF OOK HR OOO eR OOO 0 95 | Ancylus fluviatilis... a0 500 TH) 20 var. gibbosum mae 300 I} o 18. Genus ACROLOXUS. 96 |Acroloxus lacustris ie wee I fo) V.—Family VALVATID&. 19. Genus VALVATA. 97 | Cincinna piscinalis ... wee ase I I var. costulata nee sod I eOLOLO | Sweden. oo0°o | Finland. foe oe) | Siberia. SSeS SS See Om se eS ON eS BF OR eK OOK SR Se Se BOON HH OODOOOR HF OOOQCOOOO OF Se ew ew "es OO0O00COOHF OF OODDODOOOOONR HOR Se Or Or (oe) 130 IoI Ii! 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. NAME. Tropidina depressa Gyrorbis cristata G. sibirica Re VI ,—Family. RISSOIDA. 20. Genus BYTIIINIA Bythinia tentaculata ... aE eee CYCLADIDA, . Genus pce oS Garece corneum 3 C. draparnaldi C. mamillanum : var. cllessiat 22. Genus CALYCULINA. Calyculina lacustris var. steini .. 0 23. Genus PISIDIUM. Rivulina globulare 90 Fossarina henslowianum F. fossarinum ... state ders var. flavescens F. pallidum F. obtusale F ee var. personatum var. esmarkiana var. colletti by . lilljeborgi 008 ast var. transversale var. minor .. . pusillum . pulchellum... . hoyeri - nitidum . subtruncatum . milium . scholtzii . parvulum coke Bele Wesese oles var. martensi . VIII.—Family UNIONID AR. 24. Genus MARGARITANA. Margaritana margaritifera... 25. Genus ANODONTA. Anodonta cygnea a var. cellensis var. ponderosa var. anatina Ounne: | South Norway. = = = Sse se OR SF HOR BF HR SR SS ee Ss = BEOES | North Norway. Beane | Finland. Bvoue | Siberia ORrO0 Ores OOr- (oo oe) e) a] = rl See Om ee OOR HF OOO HH HOH BRR HOMER OOOOOH HH OHHH (0) (e) (2) (©) fe) (e) (2) (©) (©) (©) (oe) ©) (e) 151) (2) (2) (9) fo) RF OOOOROCOOOCOOOOOCO0O0 90 taal [o) Se et = (eo) Ca (eo) (eo) (e) 0000 OOH J.C., v., Jan., 1887. ESMARK : MOLLUSCA OF NORWAY. 131 é oO oO a : > > (e) ie} ‘ar | ee ee 3 Ge uw . Zz ° ° S ue) : =| ES ole eae i 5 6 ‘2 z=) eit: Geen, | ca ee anes GASTEROPODA. PULMONATA. Geophila sere ie coo OY 67 ay 59 32 21 Varieties aes 61 55 14 506 a Hygrophila_... see aoe |X) 27 II 25 18 17 Varieties 506 34 30 9 6 Ries 96 —95/94—85 38—23/84— fe go GASTEROPODA. PECTINIBRANCHIATA Cyclostomide .. as 5 4 2 3 2 3 Varieties a0 I I 500 noc i 5-1 | 4-1 | 2— | 3— | 2— | 3— CONCHIFERA. Cycladidee a08 506 .» [18 17 II 15 4 4 Varieties sis 8 7 2 560 Ane Najacee... te 500 soa! |} 2 2 I 2 2 fe) Varieties vec 3 3 20—I1\19—10|12— 2)17— | 6— | 4— Norway, ... SWeCles i i 2 1 ies varieties 108 SWEDEN, ... sis LO FINLAND, .... sis ae we ... Species 58 SIBERIA fee Pe aie = ax3 Bog) 2S) Species found in SWEDEN, not in Norway... so AA 132 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS or tHE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting HELD JULY IST, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., pre- siding. NEW MEMBERS. ‘The following gentlemen were duly elected members of the Society :—Messrs. A. J. R. Sclater, Teignmouth ; J. T. Lightwood, Lytham ; and W. E. Collinge, Leeds. The following gentleman was nominated for membership: Mr. W. Whitwell. Wandsworth Common, London. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table :-— 1. ‘Record of the Opening of the Linnean Hall,” New South Wales.—From the Linnean Society. 2. “Proceedings of the Linnean Society,” New South Wales, vol.x., part 4.—The Society. 3. ‘Proceedings of the East of Scotland Union of Naturalists’ Societies,” Kirkcaldy, Sept., 1885.—The Union. 4. Three specimens of Lizmnca burnett, from Loch Skene, Dumfriesshire.—Mr. W. Nelson. 5. The under-named series, by A. J. R. Sclater :—Aforrhats pes-pelicant, Tapes pullastra, T. perforans, T. deussata, Cardium echinatum, C. rusticum, C. norvegicum, Trochus magus, T. lineatus, T. zizyphinus, T. cinereus, Ostrea edulis, Nassa reticulata, Purpura lapillus, Mya truncata, Pileopsis hungaricus, group of Saxicava rugosa, Buccinum undatum, Littorina rudis, Murex ertnaceus, Nucula vadiatus, white Mytilus edulis, Turritela communis, T. cornea, Lucinopsis undata, Patella pellucida, Lepas anatifera, Cuttle bones, beak of Octopus, four Starfishes; and Aedzx nemoralis and Hi. hortensis from Teignmouth. J.C., v., Jan,. 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 133 A vote of thanks was heartily accorded the donors for their gifts. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The President showed various shells from Altadiawol, Ireland. sent by Mr. W. F. de V. Kane; also several freshwater shells from Kings Lynn. Mr. W. Nelson exhibited several fine specimens of Zzmnea burnett:, recently taken at Loch Skene, N.B. Examples of Lzmuaea palustris from Clapham Common, and Clausilia dubia from Ingleborough. were shown by Mr. W. E. Collinge ; also a specimen of Patel/a vulgata, which he had found in a pond of fresh water at Black Hills, near Leeds, and which continued to live a week in fresh water after removal from the pond. Meeting HELD AUGUST 5TH, 1886. Mr. J. W. Taylor occupied the chair. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. W. Whitwell, of Wandsworth Common, London, was ‘elected a member of the Society. Messrs. S. J. da Costa, of London; and Alfred J. Jenkins, of Deptford, were nominated for membership. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table :— 1. ‘Abstracts of the Proc. Lin. Society,” New South Wales, for January, February, March, and April, 1886.—The Society. 2. “Report of the Smithsonian Institute” fae 1884.—The Trustees. 3. ‘Notes on the Subgenus Cylinder (Montfort) of Conus,” by J. C. Melvill, M.A., F.L.S.—The Author. The thanks of the Society was accorded the donors for their donations. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The number of specimens sent for exhibition was very large and included the following :— The Chairman showed, on behalf of Mr. W. Jeffery, ex- amples of Limax cinereo-niger and var. ornata, Arion subfuscus, A. hortensis, and A. bourguignati from Up Park, West Sussex ; living specimens of /Vanorbis dilatatus from Gorton Canal, Manchester, collected by Mr. T. Rogers; Lzmne@a stagnalis var. albida irom a pond at Milford, near Stafford, and L. peregra from River Bann, Coleraine, collected by Mr. L. E. Adams ; Unio pictorum var. compressa from River Wensum, Norwich, sent by Mr. J. B. Bridgman; Helix nemoralts var. albolabiata, with straw-coloured bands, found at Bridlington by Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S.; A pzsana from Porto Santo, sent by Mr. Gain; a collection of Land and Freshwater Shells from Swindon, North Wilts., including Spherium ryckholti, Limnea auricularia, Planorbis nitidus. &c., collected by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell ; and a collection of Land and Freshwater Shells from Clonmel, Ireland, collected by the Rev. A. H. Delap. Mr. W. E. Collinge exhibited a number of peculiar Lzmncea stagnalis with a notch at the base of the outer lip, which had appeared since their confinement in his aquarium ; also a speci- men of Arion ater var. brunnea found between Ripon and Kirby Malzeard. Mr. T. W. Bell showed specimens of Helix rotundata var. alba, Pupa umbilicata and Helix rupestris from Crina Bottom, Ingleton; and Clausilia dubia, Pupa secale and Cochlicopa lubvica from White Scar, Ingleborough, collected by Mr. H. Shaw; also Helix hortensis var. fuscolabiaia, H. hispida and Zonites nitidulus from Dogthorpe, near Peterborough; and Limnea stagnalis, L. peregra, L. palustris, Planorbis corneus, P. marginatus, P. albus, P. vortex, Paludina contecta, and Bythinia tentaculata from Crowland Wash. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 135 Meeting HELD SEPTEMBER 2ND, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck. F.L.S., in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. The following gentlemen were duly elected members of the Society :—Messrs. 5S. J. Da Costa, London; and A. J. Jenkins, Deptford. The following gentlemen were nominated for membership: Mr. J. W. Wood, Bedford ; and Mr. W. Turner, Edinburgh. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— “ Proceedings of the Linnean Society,” New South Wales, new series, vol. 1, part 1.—The Society. 2. ‘What I believe,” by Leon Tolstoi, translated from the Russian by Constantine Popoff.—The Publishers. 3. The following Reprints of Papers by Mr. W. E. Hoyle M.A., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E. :—“ Notes on the Cephalo- poda,” “ Diagnosis of new species of Cephalopoda,” Ll collected during the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger— Darin. he Octopoda,” ;parte2,ja he Wecapoda “On Loligopsis and some other species”; ‘‘ Note on Loligo Forbesu.”—The Author. 4. The following Magazines and Reprints of Papers, from Miss F. M. Hele :—*The American Naturalist” January, 1876; ‘“‘The American Journal of Micro- scopy,” February, 1876; ‘‘On Plocamia Plena—a new species of sponge,” by W. J. Sollas, M.A., F.G:S. ; “Notes on some of the Land Shells of Curacoa,” by J. S. Gibbon, M.B.; “ Description of the new genus Delphinolopsis and of the new species D. /esourdt,” by M. B. Wright, F.R.G.S. ; ‘‘Conchiglie Coralligene del mare de Seracea”; ‘I Molluschi del Velebit”; “Note di Conchigliologia Apuana,” del Dott R. del Prete: 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 5. Specimens of Zzmnea glabra from Castleford and Spark- brook; Aulimus montanus from Cooper’s Hill, Gloucester, and Planorbis marginatus from Black Hills, Leeds.—Mr. W. Nelson. 6. Several specimens of Anodonta cygnea (of various sizes) and two Anodonta anatina vai. piscinalts.—Mr. T. W. Pocock, JER: 7. Lisidium fontinale, Linthorpe ; Limnea peregra var. ovata, River Leven, near Hutton Rudby; Helzx nemoralts var. carnea, (123)45, Foyers, Loch Ness; /lanorbis spirorbts, Pisidium pusillum, and Limnea palustris, from a pond near Levisham ; Azcylus fluviatilis and Helix rotundata, Levisham ; eltx aspersa, Sunder- land; elzx concinna, Hl. rotundata, Hi. hispida, Zonites cellarius, Cochlicopa lubrica, Clausilia rugosa, and Cl. /aminata, from Farwith Bridge, Newtondale, North-East Yorkshire.—Mr. B. Hudson. 8. Twelve very finely-polished specimens of Fossil sponges and coral.—Mr. A. J. R. Sclater. PAPER READ. “* Achatina acicula in Northamptonshire,” by Mr. Walter D. Crick. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The President exhibited numerous species collected during a few days in the Lowland counties of Scotland. Among the most interesting specimens were Amalia gagates, from Leven Hall, Edinburghshire ; Helix fusca and #. sericea from Skel- morlie, Ayrshire; and Zua lubrica var. viridula, from Dunoon, Argyleshire. Mr. J. W. Taylor showed four living examples of Helix obvoluta from Up Park, West Sussex, sent by Mr. W. Jeffery ; Limax arborum and Arion bourguignati from Rev. A. H. Delap, Clonmel ; a number of shells collected by Mr. G. T. Porritt, at Redcar and Saltburn ; and a small collection of land shells from Ullapool, West Ross, on behalf of Mr. A. Somerville. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 137 Mr. Baker Hudson sent examples of Helix virgata var. subalbida from Coatham; Limnea peregra var. ovata from Marton; flanorbis spirorbis monst. scalaris from Levisham ; and several species from the Falls of Clyde, Lanarkshire. Meeting HELD OCTOBER 7TH, 1886. Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., presided. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. Jas. W. Wood, and Mr. Wm. Turner were elected members of the society. DONATIONS. The following donation was announced, and thanks voted to the donor :— Specimens of Pupa dolium from Brugg, Canton Aargau, by Dr. Rudolf Heensler. PAPERS READ. “ Notes on Slugs from Merionethshire.’—Mr., F. G. Fenn. “ Notes on the Epidermis or Periostracon of certain species of Mollusks.”—Mr. Geo. S. Tye. “« Helix obvoluta.”—Mr. W. Jeffery. Discussion ensued on Mr. Fenn’s paper, when the president and Mr. Taylor expressed their opinion that the specimen which Mr. Fenn considered as a variety of Limax cinereo-niger was only an example of Zzmax maximus. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. In illustration of his paper Mr. F. G. Fenn sent a number of specimens collected in Merionethshire, including some examples of Limax cinereo-niger. The general exhibits were very numerous, including shells from North Italy collected and sent by Mr. Tomlin of Chester. Specimens from King’s Lynn and other places were shown on behalf of Dr. Plowright. Mr. Jeffrey, of Tenby, sent a very small specimen of Helix pisana, 11 ram. diameter. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ~ Mr. Taylor showed Vertigo minutissima from Palermo, collected by Signor Platania; shells from north Essex, sent by Mr. Whitwell, of Wandsworth ; examples of e/zx virgata and H. ericetorum from Leamington, sent by Mr. Quilter; anda small collection of shells from Herts. and Essex, from Mr. C. Oldham, of Sale, Cheshire. Mr. Nelson showed Planorbis parvus in a subfossil state from the mud-cliffs, Hornsea. The president exhibited shells from several Scotch localities sent by Mr. Mellor; Zzmax flavus from Worcester, sent by Rey. H. Milnes; and Zzmax cinereo-niger from Shipley Glen, collected by Mr. J. A. Hargreaves. Meeting HELD NOVEMBER 4TH, 1886. The President, Mr. W. D. Roebuck. F.L.S., presiding, NEW MEMBERS. The following gentlemen were nominated for membership : Rev. H. Glanville Barnacle, M.A., F.R.A.S., Holmes Chapel, Cheshire ; Mr. Wm. Bendall, Nottingham Place, W. ; Mr. Geo. Dixon, Sen., Great Ayton; Mr. H. M. Gwatkin, Cambridge ; Rev. Wm. L. W. Eyre, Alresford ; Rev. Carleton Greene, St. Neots; Mr. John Hagger, Burton-on-Trent ; Mr. W. J. O. Holmes, F.L.S., Norwich; Prof. Adolph Leipner, Bristol ; Miryaie |: Lowe, Dal See EeRES)) zc., Chepstow jay ln aD: Pidgeon, Assoc. Inst.C.E., F.G.S., London ; Mr. John Ramage, Dundee ; Mr. Edward Saunders, F.L.S., Bromley ; Mr. Robert Standen, Swinton. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table :—Helix personata L., H. carpatica Friv., H. faustina, H. bidens Chem., Hi. holosericea Stud., H. rossmassleri Pfr., Bulimus montanus Drap., Pupa dolium, Clausilia gulo Rossm., C. orthostoma, C. dubia Drap., C. tumida Rossm., C. turgida Rossm., C. cru- J.C., v., Jan., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 139 ciata var. minima from Kotlina Thal, Carpathians, C. laminata var. Parreyssit Rossm., C. biplicata var. carpatica Tatra, Car- pathians, and C. fallax Rossm., Sinnya, Roumania.—Pre- sented by Mrs. Fitzgerald. Planorbis lineatus Cambridge, Limnea peregra from Island of Herm, Helix arbustorum Gemmi Pass, Switzerland, and Helix strigella from Menaggio, Lake Como. — Presented by Mr. Tomlin. The thanks of the society was accorded the donors for their gifts. PAPER READ. “ New Habitat for Odostomia pallida.”—by the Rev. R. W. J. Smart. The President then gave the Annual Presidential Address, in which, taking the forthcoming Monograph of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, by Mr. Taylor and himself, he re- viewed the present state of our knowledge of that department of the British fauna, calling special attention to the deficiencies which exist, and the urgent need of further investigation into the anatomical and physiological structure, the embryology and development, the life-history and habits of the various species. The deficiencies in our knowledge of distribution and variation were then dealt with, and the concluding portion of the address dealt with the function and scope of the Conchological Society, the catholicity of its aims, and the necessity which exists for a more adequate and varied supply of communications to be read at the meetings. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. W. Nelson showed examples of Zonites nitidus and Helix rotundata from Headingley. Mr. J. W. Taylor exhibited on behalf of Rev. J. E. Somer- ville, B.D., a collection of land and freshwater shells made by him in the Islands of Tiree, S. Uist, Lewis, Benbecula, and Barra; and alsoa number of species recently found on the 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. north coast of Sutherlandshire. Also on behalf of Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc., Planorbis nautileus from Lanarkshire, and several species from Nairnshire. On behalf of Rev. A. H. Delap a living specimen of Limax arborum var. maculata from Clonmel, Tipperary. On behalf of Mr. Whitwell several species from Salford Priors near Evesham. Mr. Taylor further ex- hibited a number of shells from Chester, Cambridge and Lom- bardy, sent by Mr. B. Tomlin; also a distorted specimen of Planorbis spirorbis found by Mr. W. H. Heathcote at Tarleton, S. Lancashire. Also examples of Helix aculeata, Vertigo edentula, Zonites radtatulus, and other species, from Mont- gomeryshire, sent by Mr. J. B. Morgan. Some remarkable specimens of Valvata piscinalis with the last whorl dislocated, and a number of freshwater shells from Saddington Reservoir and other places in Leicestershire, sent by Mr. H. E. Quilter. Also on behalf of Dr. Viner a number of land shells from Monaco, Riviera, Rimini, Ravenna, and several places in Spain. Annual Meeting. HELD DECEMBER 9TH, 1886. The President, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. presided. NEW MEMBERS : The following were duly elected Members of the Society :— Rey. H. Glanville Barnacle, M.A., F.R.A.S. ; Mr. W. Bendall ; Rev. W. L. W. Eyre; Mr. Geo. Dixon, Senr.; Rev. Carleton Greene; Mr. H. M. Gwatkin; Mr. Jno. Hagger; Mr. W. J. O. Holmes, F.L.S.; Prof. Adolph Leipner ; Mr. Daniel Pidgeon, IRGaS s INGe Ie. eboney, IDG, oleh IeeINoSes IPaleersey JB Ca Se § Mr. John Ramage; Mr. E. Saunders, F.L.S.; Mr. Robert Standen. The name of Mr. Hy. Coates, of Perth, was inadvertently omitted from the list of Members elected at the February Meeting. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. T41 The following were nominated for Membership :—Mr. H. Wallis Kew, Louth; Mr. R. Renton; Mr. A. Shaw; Mr. W. i Eleathcote:) Mr Conrad Gerlands)B:A Phi Dy; (Mas): Beaulah ; and Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— “Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union,” part 9, for 1884.—The Union. “ Proceedings of the Linnean Society, N. S. W.” vol. 1, part 2, New Series.—The Society. Flelix aspersa, H. nemoralis, H.. hortensis, H. erticetorum, H. virgata, H. sericea, H. caperata, Bulimus acutus, and Plan- orbis sptrorbis from Newquay, W. Cornwall.—Presented by Mr. J. H. James. Cyclostoma elegans Isle of Portland, Clausilia rugosa var. albinos, Helix rotundata var. alba, Hf. aspersa Hampshire, Z. virgata Weston-super-Mare, Limnaea palustris Cheddar, ZL. stagnalis from Selly Oak, Packington Park, Lifford, and Bor- desley Green, near Birmingham ; Z. feregra from Hall Green, near Birmingham; and /Vanorbis corneus var. albinos.—Pre- sented by Mr. J. Madison. The thanks of the society was accorded the donors for their donations. PAPER READ. ‘On the Shells of Newquay, Cornwall.”—Mr. J. H. James. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. J. W. Taylor showed on behalf of Mr. Ponsonby, a fine collection of Helzx nemoralis and H. hortensis from various localities in Switzerland and Germany. On behalf of Mr. B. Sturgess Dodd, a Brachiopod new to science, which he has recently found at Sutton-on-the-Sea, Lincolnshire. The Annual Report was read by the secretary, and after some discussion was unanimously adopted. IA2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The recorder had not completed his analysis of the records made during the year, but gave a general summary of the work done, which was eminently satisfactory. The treasurer brought forward the Cash Acconnt for the year, which showed receipts (including balance from last year) 427 14s. 11d., expenditure £21 2s. 814d., and cash in hand £6 12s. 244d. The scrutineers announced that fifty-one voting-papers had been received, and the results of the voting was :— PRESIDENT.—Mr. J. W. Taylor, 51 votes. VicE-PRESIDENTS (four required).— W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. 49 W. H. Evans, M.D. ... 44 JR© Melvall WAS Pas; 47) 3: Ashford (notaymemnben) mez IRGig J8l, Whines) WAS 550 Sey JEL, Coole, LA. (aot amember) 2 TREASURER.— Thos. W. Bell, 50 votes. SECRETARY.—Thos. W. Bell, 50 votes. MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL (six required).— Baker Hudson. ... ee 50 Ga Shlenutimiycwe aoa 210) Wm. Jeffery Ae: ie Agee Wine Cashy EGrs: AS ionelebyNdamssBsA> ao, Aer Somenvillle 5.5 Cee Chass Miussony ERI Ss 5.) on yun. sD ar pisininesy ta Aeweer mel RECORDER.— | W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. 50 W. Jeffery uae peli The suggestions of the council (referred to in the Annual Report) in reference to nomenclature and identification of shells, were brought forward by the President, and after some conver- sation on the subject, were adopted by the meeting as follows :— 1.—That Referees be appointed, to whom specimens and all questions of nomenclature shall be referred for con- sideration and report. 2.—That all specimens presented to the society shall be authen- ticated by the Referees, to whose particular department the species appertain. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 143 3.—That specimens sent by members for record, shall be au- thenticated in like manner. 4.—That members proposing changes of nomenclature in the Conchological Society’s List of ‘British Land and Freshwater Mollusca,’ and in such other lists as may hereafter be prepared under the Society’s auspices, shall forward their recommendations to the Secretary, who will submit them to the Referees immediately concerned. ‘The member will be expected to set forth at length the reasons which induced him to propose any change, and each proposed change must be written on a separate sheet of paper, on which the referees may write their views and decision. Such decision to be afterwards submitted to and ratified bythe council of the society. The following gentlemen were elected referees under this scheme, subject to their consent to act being obtained :— I.—BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA— Mr WH: Hoyle, BA, FIR Sik: Mr. J. T. Marshall. Mr. Alexr. Somerville, B. Sc., F.L.S. 2.--LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA— Mr. Charles Ashford. Mr. William Nelson. Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. Mr. Jno. W. Taylor. 3—EXOTIC MOLLUSCA— Mr. James Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. Mr. Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. Rev.. Robert Boog Watson, B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S. The thanks of the meeting was accorded the retiring Officers and Council for their services during the year. I44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. THE ANNUAL REPORT. Your committee have to congratulate the members on the marked success which has attended the operations of the society during the year, and the continued interest which the members have evinced in its progress. At the commencement of the year, it was felt that a num- ber of well-known Conchologists who were not already members, only needed to have their attention called to the existence of the society, in order to at once secure their adhesion. Steps were accordingly taken by your President, and a large number of Conchologists promptly responded to his invi- tation. Sixty new members have been elected during the year ; and several more have been nominated for membership at this meeting. Only one member has resigned. Two Honorary members have been elected, namely, M. J. R. Bourguignat, of St. Germain-en-Laye ; and Dr. E. von Martens, of Berlin. The Donations to the society’s Library and Museum have been too numerous to allow of detailed mention here ; but many valuable acquisitions have been made, and the society is greatly indebted to those who have so freely contributed. All donations have been acknowledged in the society’s proceedings from time to time. Attention has been devoted by your council to the mounting of the collections of the society. Mr. W. Nelson has been ap- pointed to act as Curator, and on his recommendation the system of mounting in glass tubes has been adopted, as being perhaps the most economical and convenient method of storing the specimens. The attention of your council has been called by one of the members to the advisability of making certain modifications of the nomenclature adopted in the ‘ Conchological Society’s list of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca.’ J.C., v., Jan., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 145 After due consideration, it was deemed advisable that a permanent system should be devised of dealing with those and similar questions. Recommendations on the subject will be brought forward at the present meeting. The number of shells that have been brought forward at the Society’s Meetings for Exhibition and Identification has been very large, and has helped to considerably increase the number of recorded varieties and localities. The chief drawback to the success of the Society during the year is the comparatively small number of papers read, and — your Council would urge upon the members the desirability that exists for an ample supply of original communications in the future. Your Council would also be pleased if those members who interest themselves in exotic and marine shells; and in Con- chological Paleontology, would assist in keeping these depart- ments of the science more prominently before the meetings, and thus vindicate the claim of the Society to the representation of the science in its widest acceptation. CONSTITUTION AND LIST OF MEMBERS OF ‘THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1.—That this Society be called the “Whe Conchslogical Society of Great PHrituin and Ereland.” 2.—That its objects shall be the promotion of the Science of Conchology, by the holding of meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the Science. 3.—That it shall consist of Ordinary and Honorary Members. K 146 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 4.—That Ordinary Members shall be proposed by two members at one meeting, and ballotted for at the next. They shall pay, in advance on the 1st January in each year, a subscription of 5/-, or may compound for life by the payment of Three Guineas. 5.—That composition fees shall be treated as capital and not as income. 6.—That Members shall have the privilege of appending to . their names the initial letters M.C.S. (Member of the Conchological Society). 7.—That the number of Honorary Members shall be limited to ten, and they shall be exempt from all payments and have the privileges of Ordinary Members. 8.—That it shall be governed by a Council, consisting of a President, four Vice-presidents, a Treasurer, a Secre- tary, and six other members, who shall be elected annually. 9.—That the Presidency shall not be tenable for more than one year continuously, and that he be expected to give an address. 10.—That the meetings shall be held in Leeds, monthly, at the time and place fixed by the Council, who shall also have power to arrange such additional meetings as they may think desirable. 11.—That three shall be a quorum at all meetings. 12.--That the Annual Meeting be held in December to receive the Report and Balance Sheets of the outgoing Council, and to elect the new Council. 13.—That the accounts, before being presented, shall be audited by two members, appointed at a previous Meeting. 14.—That the proceedings shall be published periodically, under the direction of the Council. 15.—That the Capital and Property be vested in two Trustees, elected by the Society. 16.—That no alterations in the rules shall be made unless by a majority of three-fourths of the members present at a meeting which has been specially summoned. J.C., v.,; Jan., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 147 HONORARY MEMBERS. (Limited to ten in number). Bourguignat, J. R., Rue des Ursulines, 6, St. Germain-en-Laye, Seine et Oise. Kobelt, Dr. W., Schwannheim, Frankfort-am-Main. Martens, Dr. E. von, 29, Franzosiche Strasse, Berlin, N.W. ORDINARY MEMBERS. Adams, Lionel E., B.A., 5, Park-street, Stafford. Baillie, William, Brora, Sutherlandshire. Barnacle, Rev. H. Glanville, M.A., F.R.A.S., The Vicarage, Holmes Chapel, Crewe, R.S.O. Beaulah, John, Raventhorpe, Brigg. Bell, Thos. William, 10, Reuben-place, Leeds. Bendall, Wilfrid, Nottingham place, London, W. Bostock, Edwin D., F.L.S., The Radfords, Stone, Staffordshire. Brazier, Jno., C.M.Z.S., Windmill-street, Sydney, N.S.W. Brown, Alfred, 7, Bowmont-terrace, Glasgow. Butterell, J. Darker, 4, Willow Grove, Westwood, Beverley. Cash, Wm., F.G.S., 38, Elmfield-terrace, Halifax. Chaytor, R. C., Scrafton Lodge, Middleham, Yorkshire. Clarke, Wm. Eagle, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., 18, Claremont-road, Headingley, Leeds. Coates, Hy., Pitcullen House, Perth. Coates, William, 18, Borough-terrace, Middlesbrough, Cockerell, Sydney C., 5, Priory-road, Bedford Park, Chiswick. Cocks, Ih, 1D); v's, do. do. Coles, F. R., Ye Hermitage, Tongland, Kirkcudbrightshire. Collier, Edward, 74, Yarburgh-street, Manchester. Collinge, W. E., 68, Springfield-place, Leeds. CookewaNeys Alined Hands: iM yACn ales. iimness «Colleses Cambridge. Costa, S. J. Da, 2, Craven Hill, London. Coulson, Frank, 4, Foremound-terrace, Dowanhill, Glasgow. Craven, Alfred E., F.G?S., F.L.S., F.Z.5., 65, St. George’s-road, Warwick-square, London. Crick, Walter D., 7, Alfred-street, Northampton. Cundall, J. W., Carrville, Alexandra Park, Redland, Bristol. Darbishire, R. D., B.A., F.G.S., Victoria Park, Manchester. Davis, Jas. W., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Chevinedge, Halifax. 148 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Dixon, George, Sen., Great Ayton, Northallerton. Dodd, B. Sturges, 33, Beech-avenue, New Basford, Nottingham. Duncan, Wm., 1, India-street, Montrose. Elliott, Edward J., High-street, Stroud. Evans, W. Hill, M.D., 58, Little Horton-lane, Bradford. Eyre, Rev. W. L. W., M.A., Swarraton Rectory, Alresford, Hants. Fairbrass, (Miss) E. R., Abbey-street, Faversham. Fenn, F. G., 20, Woodstock-road, Bedford Park, Chiswick. Fitzgerald, (Mrs.) J., 10, West-terrace, Folkestone. Fitzgerald, H. Purefoy, North Hall, Preston Candover, Hants. Fitzgerald, F. R., F.S.Sc., Clifford House, Harrogate. Gain, Wm. Albert, Tuxford, Newark. Gerland, Conrad, B.Sc., Ph.D., University of Marburg, Ger- many ; and Church Hall, Church, Lancashire. Godlee, Theo., Whips Cross, Walthamstow, Essex. Gordon, Rev. George, LL.D., The Manse, Birnie, Elgin, N.B. Green, Rev. Carleton, M.A., Great Basford Vicarage, St. Neots., Huntingdonshire. Gwatkin, H. M., M.A., Scrope-terrace, Cambridge. Hagger, Jno., Repton School, Burton-on-Trent. Heathcote, Wm. Hy., Avenham-lane, Preston. Hepburn, Frederick, B.A., Sutton, Surrey. Hey, Rev. W. C., M.A., St. Olave’s Vicarage, York. Hillman, Thos. Stanton, Eastgate-street, Lewes, Sussex. Hockin, (Miss) S., Phillack Rectory, Hayle, Cornwall. Holmes, W. J. O., F.L.S. Strumpshaw Hall, Norwich. Howell, G. O., 3, Ripon Villas, Ripon-road, Plumstead. Hoyle, W. E., B.A., F.R.S.E., 32, Queen-street, Edinburgh. Hudson, Baker, 5, Westbourne-grove, Coatham, Redcar. James, Jno. H., A.R.I.Cornwall, 3, Truro Vean Terrace, Truro. Jeffery, Wm., Ratham, Chichester. Jeffrey, Chas., 15, Warren-street, ‘Tenby. Jenkins, A. J., 1, Douglas-terrace, Douglas-street, Deptford. Kew, H. Wallis, F.E.S., 7, Lee-street, Louth. Laver, Hy., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Trinity-street, Colchester. Leicester, A., Holly Mount, 4, Albert-road, Birkdale, Southpott. Leipner, Bros Adolph, F.Z.S., University College and 47, ELE ~ ton Park, Clifton, Bristol. Lightwood, Jas. T., Hope House, Lytham. Ad J.C., v., Jan., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. IAQ owe, Hidward=oseph, DL. J Pe Hake Ss, Hel. S7 EGsSs, F.R.A.S., F.R.M.S., &c., Shirenewton Hall, Chepstow. Madison, Jas., 167, Bradford-street, Birmingham. ManselsPleydell, J.C. D:L.,. J.P BAGS S"E-GiS4) ac What- combe, Blandford, Dorsetshire. Marquand, Ernest D., M.A., Alphington, Exeter. Marshail, J. T., Sevenoaks, Torquay. McKean, Kenneth, F.L.S.,Summerfield, Warham-road, Croydon. McMurtrie, Rev. Jas., M.A., 14, Inverleith-road, Edinburgh. Melvill, Jas. Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., Kersal Cottage, Prestwich. Milnes, Rev. H., M.A., Winster Rectory, near Derby. Morgan, J. Bickerton, 30, Severn-street, Welshpool. Musson, Chas. T., F.L.S., 23, Mapperley Hill, Nottingham. Nelson, Wm., Freehold-street, York-road, Leeds. Newstead, A. H. L., Roseacre, Epping. North, S. W., EGS, York. Oldham, iene. Syrian House, Sale, Cheshire Parke, Geo. H., F.L.S., F.G.S., Infield Lodge, Furness Abbey. Parry, Lieut-Col. G. $., 48, Duke-street, St. James’ Square, S.W. Pearce, Rev. S. Spencer, B.A., Millbrook, near Southampton. Pidgeon, Daniel, Assoc.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., Holmwood, Putney Hill, London. Pierson, C. H., 16, Brunswick-place, Leeds. Pocock, Thos. W., J.P., Glenridge, Virginia Water, Staines. Ponsonby, Jno. H., 4, Halkin-street, Grosvenor Place, London. Quilter, H. E., 4, Cedar-road, Leicester. Ramage, John, 20, Hill-street, Dundee. Reader, T. W., 171, Hemingford-road, Barnsbury, London, N. Redding, J. R., 31, Belvedere-road, Dublin. Renton, Robert, Fans-road, Greenlaw, Berwickshire. Roberts, George, Lofthouse, near Leeds. Roebuck, Wm. Denison, F.L.S., Sunny Bank, Leeds. Rogers, Thomas, 27, Oldham-road, Manchester. Rope, Geo. Thos., Blaxhall, Wickham Market, Suffolk. Saunders, Ed., F.L.S., St. Ann’s, Mason’s Hill, Bromley, Kent. Scharff, Robert, Ph.D., B.Sc., Bradford. Sclater, A. J. R., Bank-street, Teignmouth. Scott, Thomas, 7, Caddlehill-terrace, Greenock. Shaw, Alexander, 56, Dover-street, Glasgow, 150 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Shrubsole, Geo. Wm., Town Hall Square, Chester. Skilton, (Mrs.) M., 21, London-road, Brentford. Smart, Rev. R. W. J., M.A., Bishopswood Vicarage, Ross, Herefordshire. Smith, Edgar A., F.Z.S., Nat. Hist. Museum, South Kensington. Smout, Chas. L., 8, Trinity-street, Hastings. Somerville, Alex., B.Sc., F.L.S., 34, Granby-terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow. Somerville, Rev. James E., M.A., B.D., 11, Southpark-terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow. Sowerby, G. B., 45, Great Russell-street, London. Standen, Robert, Industrial Schools, Swinton, near Manchester. Steel, James, 104, Renfrew-street, Glasgow. Taylor, (Miss) H. L., Woodside, Rowditch, Derby. Taylor, Jno. W., Outwood Villas, Horsforth, near Leeds. Tomlin, J. R. B., Pembroke College, Cambridge. Turner, Rev. Wm., 5, St. Andrew’s-square, Edinburgh. Tye, G. Sherriff, 10, Richmond-road, Handsworth, Birmingham. Viner, C. W., M.A., Ph.D., 9, Seymour-street, Bath. Waters, A. H., B.A., Willoughby House, Mill-road, Cambridge. Watson, Rev. R. Boog, B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., Free Church Manse, Cardross, Dumbartonshire. Whitwell, Wm., Roslin, Roy-road, Bolingbroke Grove, London. Williams. J. W., B.A., D.Sc., Gothic Cottage, Serpentine-road, Park Village East, London, N.W. Wood, Jas. Wm., 2, Windsor-terrace, Bedford. Woodward, B. B., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 23, Batoum Gardens, West Kensington Park, S.W. Wotton, F. W., Adamsdown Post Office, Cardiff. Wright, Bryce M., F.R.G.S., 54, Guildford-street, Russell-square, London. Planorbis complanatus monst. terebrum in East Kent.—I found a very characteristic example of this mon- strosity at Minster, near Sandwich, on June 14th last. In general contour it somewhat resembles Ae/zx conica.—S. C. COCKERELL, July 14th, 1886. J.C., v.; Jan., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. I51 Achatina acicula in Northamptonshire.—The first record of this interesting mollusk being found in this county is given by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in the ‘English Mechanic,’ Oct. 20th, 1876; this article on Northamptonshire as a field of study for Naturalists, was reprinted in the Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc. Journal, vol. ii, pp. 347 to 351, and contains the following paragraph referring to the above:—‘ The delicate Achatina acicula which is so seldom found alive, though not uncommon in fresh water deposits, has occurred to me at Sib- bertoft in full vigour.’ In the list of Land and Freshwater Mollusca collected at Peterborough by A. W. Nicholls ; ‘Journ. of Conch.’, iv., p. 185, April, 1884, this speciesisrecorded as being rare in the gravels of the River Lane. Ina letter to me dated Oct., 1885, T. Beesley, F.C.S. of Banbury, writes as follows :— ‘This [Achatina acicula| 1 found some years ago very abun- dantly in roots of grass, near a stonepit close to the town ; but this was in Oxfordshire. If searched for, you will be sure to find it. The pit was marlstone. On Aug. 14, of this year, while turning over some stones of the Middle Lias which had been excavated for the new railway between Weedon and Daventry, in a gravel walk, close to the latter town, I found a single dead specimen of this species; although careful search was made, no further specimens could be found.—WaALTER D. Crick, Aug. 1886. Marine Mollusca at Land’s End, Cornwall.—Among some shells sent to me from this locality by Mr. J. H. James are the following, some of which are not included in the Scilly list, though the locality is not far distant :—/7ssoa membranacea, RR. semistriata, R. parva type, var. interrupta, and var. lurida nov (of zzterrupta, form, purplish brown, almost unicolorous, also found at Margate), Lulima bilineata, Rissoa striata and var. arctica, R. costata, R. reticulata, R. punctura, R. tnconspicua, R. costulata, Barleeta rubra, and Lacuna divaricata.—T. D. A, COCKERELL, Sept. 1886. 152 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. New habitat for Odostomia pallida.—The usual habitat for Odostomia pallida is, as is well known, on the ears of Pecten opercularis or P. maximus ; but what I imagine to be an entirely new habitat has just been brought to light, viz: on the operculum of Zurritella terebra. These latter were taken in large quantities in a small trawlin Sullom Voe, Mainland, Shet- land, depth about 10 fathoms. An Odostomia was observed on the operculum of one which led toa careful investigation. After lying a short while undisturbed in a sieve, many of the animals protruded themselves, immediately withdrawing however on the slightest touch; by careful looking over, about a dozen specimens were secured, each having an Odostomza, and in one case two, attached to the operculum. ‘These were all of one size, about half grown; a few were placed in salt water, but the partnership ceased when the water became insufficient, and the Odostomie dropped off. The specimens of 7%77rz¢el/a that were allowed to dry, had to be broken to procure the Odostomia, which was withdrawn with the operculum. A number of specimens of P opercularis were obtained in the same haul, some few with adult Odostomia paliida on the ears.—R. W J. Smart, Oct., 1886. —__— $60 g—__—_ BIBLIOGRAPHY. Museum Normanianum, or a Catalogue of the In- vertebrata of Europe, and the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans, which are contained in the collection of the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., F.L.S. This catalogue, of which three parts are already issued, containing the Echinodermata, Pantopoda, and Crustacea, is a list of the species inhabiting the area north of north latitude 35° in the magnificient collection formed by Dr. Norman, at Burn- moor Rectory, Fencehouses, Co. Durham. ‘The Echinoder- mata, of which roa species are listed, is mostly deficient in North-East American forms, especially the Holothuroidea, in the deep sea Atlantic species, and in Mediterranean and recently described Arctic species. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 153 The Pantopoda contained in present list number thirty-five, additions to which are earnestly desired. The total number of Crustacea from this region, described to present time, is 3209, of this vast number Dr. Norman possesses 1362. ‘These valuable lists are issued mainly to make known the contents of Dr. Norman’s museum to curators of museums and private naturalists, in the hope that by exchange or purchase, it may be still further enriched. LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA ROUND CHRISTCHURCHEY SOULE VHANES. By CHARLES ASHFORD. LitTLE description of this district is needed. A _five-mile radius extends to the border of Dorset on the west, and nearly to the fringe of the New Forest on the north-east... The circle includes the southern part of the basins of two rivers—the Avon and the Stour—which unite just before entering Christ- church harbour. Probably the bed of an ancient estuary, the surface is for the most part flat and very thinly wooded, but the land rises about one hundred feet towards Bournemouth on one side. and the Forest on the other. Geologically, an unbroken bed of coarse gravel and sand from three to thirty feet thick overlies the equally continuous Lower Tertiary Clays. Rock, in its popular sense, is altogether absent inland. With a few exceptions, land-species are poor in individuals. It will be. observed that the aquatic genera Unio, Paludina, and Dreissena are unrepresented in the list. The names of a few localities situate beyond the five-mile limit have been placed within square brackets. I have to thank the revising committee of the Conchologi- cal Society for a most careful scrutiny of the shells submitted to their judgment. 154 ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. Spherium corneum.—In all suitable places. R. Stour from Christchurch to Herne; R. Avon, from Christchurch to Sopley, and many ditches communicating; also at [Ringwood, Holmsley, Brockenhurst]. Adults with fry, 2—3 mm. in early May. Pisidium amnicum.—River Stour at Tuckton, length 8 mm., breadth ro*5 mm.; Somerford Brook sparingly ; [Ring- wood, Brockenhurst abundant and fine, Holmsley]. Adults with eleven to fourteen fry each, 1—2 mm. broad, and distinctly striated, on 13th May. P. fontinale.—River Avon at Christchurch, Winkton, and [Ringwood]; R. Stour at Christchurch. Two with um- bonal projections (Aevslowana) at Tuckton (J. H. Ashford) and a few pu/chella from both rivers at Christchurch. P. pusillum.—River Stour, Christchurch, Wick, Tuckton ; Somerford Brook; a smaller, rather more glossy and in- equilateral form abundant in 1882 in the chalybeate streamlet, running down Boscombe Chine, since covered in; R. Avon and ditches, Christchurch and Winkton ; [Ringwood, Brockenhurst]. P. nitidum.—Three specimens from R. Stour, Christchurch, and R. Avon, Winkton, identified by Mr. J. W. Taylor. Anodonta cygnea.—River Stour at Tuckton Bridge, generally undersized, occasionally attaining 5 inches. [Beaulieu, 6 inches |. Neritina fluviatilis.—River Stour, Christchurch to Tuckton. Very abundant above Tuckton Bridge, Sept. 1884, in great variety of markings; about 4 per cent. being pure yellow without spots (ces?za), 14 per cent. presenting a most in- structive graduated series connecting the latter with the type, a few marked with three bands (¢ri/asctata), and two with transverse bands (wadulata); R. Avon at Winkton and [Ringwood]. Bythinia tentaculata.—Widely distributed. R. Stour from Christchurch to Herne Court ; R. Avon up to Sopley, also J.C., v., Jan,. 1887. ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. 155 at [ Ringwood]; in most ditches, sometimes abundant, often encrusted but rarely decollated. One specimen with elon- gate spire ( producta) Tuckton. [Water draining from the New Forest appears to be more detrimental to the shell. In a stream near Holmsley Station, 24th Sept., the decollated condition was general, so also, 13th May, near “The Queen’s Bower,” N. of Brockenhurst, where, in addition to loss of spire, the body whorl and occasionally even the operculum was deeply pitted]. B. leachii.—Sparingly, Christchurch, Winkton, [Ringwood], Tuckton. Valvata piscinalis.—River Avon at Christchurch and [ Ring- wood] moderately abundant; R. Stour up to Tuckton, occasional ; [Brockenhurst, Holmsley ]. V. cristata.—With the last, in both Stour and Avon, but more frequent in latter ; [Ringwood]. Planorbis nitidus.—Four specimens on weed in Somerford brook, near Christchurch, with P. xautileus (J. H. A.); two dead shells among rejectamenta of R. Avon. P. nautileus.—Moderately abundant in Somerford brook, small (August) but all beautifully crested (cristata). P. albus.—Widely distributed, but nowhere very abundant or fine. River Avon from Christchurch to Sopley [and at Ringwood]; R. Stour from Christchurch to Iford Bridge ; Somerford ; Boscombe Chine ; [Lymington R. at Brocken- hurst]. One conically-coiled shell at Tuckton (J.H.A.). P. spirorbis.—River Avon at Christchurch ; plentiful in 1880 in a shallow grassy roadside ditch, dry in summer, but not found there recently ; Waterditch ; [Holmsley, numerous]. A shell curiously twisted into a cylindrical form (J.H.A.) ; and a discoidal shell with whorls irregularly separated, Christchurch. P. vortex.—Much less local than P. spivorbis. Throughout lower reaches of both Avon and Stour and in most ditches ; [ Ringwood, Brockenhurst]. 156 ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. : P. carinatus.—River Avon at Christchurch ; Winkton and [Ringwood]; R. Stour, Tuckton ; [Holmsley]; in places plentiful. P, marginatus (Drap.)..—Frequent in most places round Christchurch, in R. Stour, R. Avon, ditches and marshes ; [Holmsley, Brockenhurst]. Of examples from the Avon Mr. Nelson remarks: ‘“‘a rather curious form with very compact whorls.” P. corneus.—In ditches near the Avon, Christchurch. P. contortus.—Local. Abundant in a brook, Somerford, with P. albus and P. nautileus ; |Holmsley]. Physa hypnorum.—Only two examples, in ditches near Christchurch. | P. fontinalis.—Numerous and generally distributed round Christchurch in Avon, Stour, smaller streams, ditches, and marshes; [Brockenhurst, Ringwood]. Some variation in shape approaching oblonga and inflata. Limngea peregra.—Our most abundant aquatic species, occurring in both rivers, but preferring quiet ditches. Christchurch, Wick, Tuckton, Iford, Blackwater, Wink- ton, Sopley, Mudeford, [ Ringwood, Holmsley, Brocken- hurst]. Fry innumerable in May, no adults to be found after June. Prevailing form in ditches is intermediate between ovata and acuminata, attaining 21 mm., a few tending to each extreme; in the rivers more nearly typical. A dwarf form, 7—10 mm. (a7i¢z7ma), in the mineral stream, Boscombe Chine. [To the last named variety may perhaps be referred a small russet-brown form, 1o—12 mm., found alive in a dry cattle trough at Beaulieu]. |. auricularia.—Christchurch, in both rivers, seldom found adult and never fine. L. stagnalis.—Christchurch, in R. Stour, ditches near R. Avon, rarely adult. ; L. palustris.—In most waters near Christchurch, abundant in places, adults varying from’ 15 to 20mm. Also at Boscombe, J.C., v., Jan., 1887. ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. 157 | Ringwood, Holmsley, Brockenhurst]. One example of v. Zacunosa, Christchurch (J. W. Taylor). Hundreds of this species, carried by winter overflow of R. Avon to adjacent meadows, lead an aerial life during summer and some form an epiphragm in periods of drought. L. truncatula.—Boscombe (J.H.A.); R. Stour and Avon at Christchurch, Tuckton, Winkton, and [Ringwood]. Much less numerous than ZL. palustris, but often with it. L. glabra.—As yet, only at [Holmsley] at roots of /vis in one damp hollow (J.H.A.). The young form a thickened rib within the peristome after each fresh addition to the shell. Ancylus fluviatilis.x—Occasionally in R. Avon, at Christ- church and Winkton, and in a branch of that river at Burton; afew in R. Stour at Tuckton, on WVuphar, with A. lacustris. In the opinion of Mr. J. W. Taylor some from the last named locality conform to Morelet’s Ancylus stvictus, “laterally compressed with side-margins somewhat straight and parallel.” More plentiful and including the whitish form (a/izda) in Somerford brook on stones; in Bure brook, near Mudeford, on gravel, rather small, dark and corroded at apex ; [ Holmsley]. A. lacustris. —River Stour from Christchurch up to Holden- hurst ; R. Avon at Christchurch, Winkton, and [Ringwood] on Wuphar, Nymphea, and Sagitta, but everywhere in its white form only (a/bida). Arion ater.—The dark form occurs rather sparingly and seems chiefly confined to damp meadows, Christchurch, Winkton (dark olive), Chuton Glen, [Holmsley, Brocken- hurst]. I have never seen it in the garden. The reddish-brown form (vwfa) in various shades of that colour occurs more frequently, chiefly in gardens on kitchen and other refuse, Christchurch ; also away from houses at Roeshot Hill and Hengistbury Head. A. subfuscus Drap.—Intermediate in size between A. ater and A. hortensis, orange-red to reddish-brown, with 158 ASHFORD: LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. darker brown band on sides and mantle. Christchurch, on kitchen refuse, occasionally in the garden under dead leaves. A. bourguignati.—A small slug about the length of A. hortensis, but fuller bodied, grey or silver-grey, with a narrow dark band on each side. Christchurch, under dead leaves and damp boards with A. hortensis. A. hortensis.—Gardens and meadows, Christchurch, Mude- ford, Chuton Glen. In this district it is pretty uniform in size and colour—black back and sides, shading off into iron-grey or greenish-grey. Amalia gagates.—Christchurch, in heaps of refuse and dead leaves, occasionally in outhouses climbing the walls with L. flavus. The light grey form (/umbea), and no other, occurs here. A. marginata.—Christchurch, frequent in garden on rock- work, refuse, dead leaves, etc., typical. Four individuals on a wall at Mudeford in 1879, none found there since. Limax leevis.—Boggy ground and river banks, especially under old logs in several places near Christchurch. Its associates in one instance were A. hortensts and Zonites nitidus. Whether actually submerged or not appears to be a matter of perfect indifference to this little slug. If held upon a piece of stick it will let itself down bya thread of mucus. ~Scarcely varies at all in colour. L. flavus.—Frequent in gardens and outhouses. Christ- church ; Mudeford... Much darker and tinged with green when young. L. agrestis. — Strictly unspotted individuals rare; those approaching this condition not numerous ; prevailing form distinctly spotted or blotched (sy/vatcca), frequently with russet, reddish-brown, or brown markings in gardens, and generally with some shade of grey in meadows. Christ- church, Hengistbury Head, Highcliff, Barton, Winkton, Burton, Sopley...[ Ringwood, Holmsley]. J.C., v., Jan., 1887. ASHFORD: LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. 159 L. arborum.—Christchurch, on rockwork in garden, several ; on a beech tree, Bure Homage, one ; [under felled timber in the New Forest in Wootton Inclosure, two, one of which, in Mr. Roebuck’s opinion, answered to Baudon’s nemorosa, the other to Sordelli’s dettonz7']. L. maximus.—Christchurch, numerous, chiefly in gardens. The young here are generally greyish-yellow with four con- spicuous, broken or continuous bands. As age advances the ground colour assumes a dark wood-brown, often with a tinge of red, and when the animal is adult the bands are more or less obscured. In one instance the dorsal spots were disposed without order (maculata). In the Forest at [Cadnam (J.H.A.) and Beaulieu, adult and_ brightly striped ]. Succinea putris.—Christchurch, Winkton, Burton, [Ring- wood], very variable in numbers at the same spot from year to year. S. elegans.—Christchurch, Tuckton, Winkton, [Holmsley, Ringwood]. Vitrina pellucida.—Hengistbury Head, at foot of sandhills, Mudeford, Highcliff, Winkton. Zonites cellarius.—Christchurch, Highcliff, Hoborne Com- mon, Chuton Glen...[ Beaulieu]. Two albino examples at Christchurch ; a colony of a larger and darker form existed up to 1880 at Mudeford, since destroyed by high tides. Z. alliarius.—Nowhere abundant. Chuton Glen with Z. exca- vatus, Mudeford, Highcliff, Newtown, [Cadnam J.H.A. ]. Z. nitidulus.—Much less numerous than Z. ce/larius, and rarely found in gardens. Christchurch, Mudeford, High- cliff, Somerford, Winkton, Chuton Glen... [ Beaulieu]. Z. nitidus.—Local colonies in damp meadows and swamps. Christchurch, Tuckton, Winkton, [Holmsley, rather abundant ; Ringwood]. 160 ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. Z. excavatus.—Numerous where it occurs, but very local. Chuton Glen, Hengistbury Head, Boscombe, Hoborne, and [in Wootton Enclosure, Holmsley], in all which places the type only has been found; in a small conse at Roe- shot Hill, near Christchurch, it occurs with a transparent light yellow shell to the exclusion of the type. Z. crystallinus.—Occasionally in damp meadows. Christ-. church, Tuckton, Somerford, | Holmsley]. Z. fulvus.—Sparsely at Christchurch, Hengistbury, Tuckton, Chuton Glen, [Cadnam (J.H.A.), Holmsley]. Helix aculeata.—Two specimens at bottom ofa hedge, Somer- ford. H. aspersa.—In and around every village in the district, also at [Ringwood, Holmsley, Beaulieu]. In one garden at Christchurch, 1591 killed in four nights. A dozen or more observed stationed in the daytime on the upper branches of a Genista in the public gardens of Bournemouth, (cf. a similar statement by Mr. Hopkinson, in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soes Herts.) VariATIoNs.—- Undulata Christchurch, [Holmsley, Beaulieu]; zovata [Beaulieu], one; a dwarf form, 22 mm., on the coast at Mudeford ; a reversed shell, Christchurch. H. nemoralis.—A considerable colony occupies the east side of the hill terminating in Hengistbury Head, traceable thence 3 along the inner base of the sandhills to Mudeford, where, in one hedge, it overlaps for about 20 yards the quarters of Hf. hortensis. Isolated examples in gardens, Christchurch and Bournemouth ; at] Holmsleyand Bolderwood]. Ground colour confined to pure yellow and light-rufous salmon, with intermediate shades, the banding, with rare excep- tions, being co000 and 00300 ; one shell 003(45). H. hortensis.—Christchurch, widely spread over sandy banks and hedge-rows near the town; also at Mudeford, Water- ditch, Burton, Bournemouth, | Fordingbridge (H. Richard- son) |. sCx5) Vz, Jansaesie ae a ASHFORD: LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. 161 VARIATIONS.-—(a) Size from 15 to 20 mm. in breadth ; (b) ground-colour from the very palest straw-yellow through canary-yellow to rufous salmon, rarely liver-brown, rarely violet-grey ; (c) about three-fifths are bandless, the rest com- prising most of the band combinations, a notable exception being 00300; (d) lip rarely rose-colour, very frequently reddish brown ; a tinted lip not confined to bandless shells; _(e) shells with "transparent colourless bands (azenicola) frequent. . arbustorum.—Appears to be very local. A few may generally be found on a swampy spot at Knapp Mill near Christchurch ; rather pale, tending towards pallida. This spot is often under water in winter. cantiana.—One small colony, including rudescens and albida, at Mudeford, under brambles on a bank rising from the shore. Two isolated examples at Winkton. rufescens. — Plentiful in gardens and among nettles. Christchurch, Winkton...; [Beaulieu]. Rufous shells (rubens) frequent, white ones (ada) occasional. . concinna.—Abundant at Knapp Mill near Christchurch, on swampy ground, with A. sericea; Winkton, [Ringwood]. *“‘ T consider them typical specimens ” (Dr. Jeffreys). . hispida.—Christchurch, Highcliff, Winkton, [Holmsley, Brockenhurst, Beaulieu]. Nowhere numerous; I have not seen more than a score or so; frequents rather dryer situations than 47. concinna. sericea (gvanulata Ald.).— Abundant below trodden Phragmites and rank vegetation close to R. Avon, Christ- church; a few at Winkton oma roadside bank ; [Ring- wood]. Some shells are a shade darker than others. fusca.—| New Forest near Holmsley, one alive, one dead (J.H.A.)]. : virgata.—A small community struggling for existence on an arable field, Newtown, varying in numbers from year L 162 ASHFORD : LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. to year. The majority belong to the form a/dicans, the rest to subaliida. Isolated examples occasionally at Mudeford and Highcliff. H. caperata.—Widely scattered over the whole coast-belt from Barton to Boscombe, on arable land as well as un- cultivated ground. Their persistence on farm land is striking, seeing that the plough sends them summarily to hibernation in October. and frequently turns them in again as soon as they reappear in spring. VARIATIONS.—Several beautiful examples of dark uni- colored shells (/w/va), with and without white lineoles, on the Priory walls, Christchurch, also one at Newtown; alba, Christchurch one, Newtown one; osnata, Christ- church a few, Newtown two. H. rotundata.—Chuton Glen and Roeshot Hill, with Zonztes excavatus ; Christchurch, abundant in gardens with Z. cellarius; Mudeford, Highcliff, Hoborne Common ; [Cad- nam (J.H.A.), Holmsley, Beaulieu, Ringwood]... H. rupestris.—Very local and true to its usual habitat. Priory wall, Christchurch ; [on the church walls and tombstones, Brockenhurst (J.H.A.), on the Abbey ruins, Beaulieu]. H. pygmzea.—Roeshot Hill, a few ; rejectamenta of R. Avon Christchurch, several. H. pulchella.—Hengistbury, under old bricks ; Christchurch and Tuckton, in meadows; Highcliff, on dry banks; [Beaulieu]. I cannot find a shell absolutely free from ribs under a lens. H. lapicida.—A flourishing and pretty numerous colony, the only one known to me, finds congenial conditions on the Priory wall, Christchurch, with . rupestris, H. caperata, Pupa umbilicata, Clausilia rugosa... This ancient, time- furrowed wall, sprinkled with vegetation (¢.g., Pavietaria officinalis) is roughly built of limnzean limestone from the Isle of Wight, Purbeck oolite, and Septaria. Two J.C., v., April, 1887, ASHFORD: LIST OF CHRISTCHURCH MOLLUSCA. 163 living specimens have occurred in unusual places—at Tuckton, on a neglected plot of grass, and in the New Forest at [Holmsley] under felled timber (J.H.A.). Bulimus obscurus,—A solitary specimen on a wall at High- cliff. Pupa umbilicata.—Numerous under old bricks, Hengistbury and base of the sandhills, very variable in length, 2°3 to 3°8 mm. ; Christchurch, Highcliff, [ Beaulieu, Brockenhurst]. An albino on decaying willow trunk, Christchurch, (J.H.A.). Pupa marginata.—A few round a dismantled limekiln, Hen- gistbury, barely maintaining themselves. Vertigo antivertigo.—Frequent in damp meadows, near R. Stour, at Tuckton, and R. Avon, at Christchurch. V. pygmeea.— Highcliff and Hengistbury, a few. V. edentula.—Highcliff, (J.H.A.); a few among dead leaves on Hoborne Common, where I have observed it in active motion in January. Balea perversa.—On a willow, in garden, Christchurch, with C. rugosa (J.H.A.). Have met with it nowhere else in this neighbourhood ; frequent in New Forest, [ Bolderwood on beech, Cadnam, (J.H.A.), Beaulieu]. Clausilia rugosa.—Widely diffused, Christchurch, Mudeford, Hengistbury, Hoborne, Staple Cross, Chuton, Burton, Highcliff... [Ringwood, Beaulieu]. VARIATIONS :—A shell rugosa only on body whorl, Chuton Glen, (J.H.A.); two, extremely pointed, xwcleus only o°3 mm. broad, [Holmsley]; two exquisite aldcnos, Christchurch, occurring with the white P. wmbzlicata already mentioned ; from same spot a light-buff or sandy coloured shell, apparently a link between the a/dzno and type. Cochlicopa lubrica.—In dry sandy places, as well as damp meadows ; Christchurch, (with Zudricordes) Highcliff, Tuck- ton... [Holmsley, Beaulieu, Ringwood]. Carychium minimum.—Christchurch, Tuckton, abundant in low meadows ; [Holmsley]. Shell very variable in shape. 164 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS COLLECTED ABOUT NEWQUAY, CORNWALL, SEPT., 1886. By J. H. JAMES. Helix aspersa.—In hundreds, and in every hedge. The shells are of very light ground colour, and the greater | number prettily banded and ‘ flammulated.’ H. aspersa var. exalbida.—Only one small specimen found. H. aspersa var. undulata.—Very few and not good speci- mens. One young and very characteristic example. H. aspersa var. ? Peculiarly marked and banded. Helix nemoralis var. libellula.—Very common in the hedges around the town. Majority (12)345, many 00300, and a few 00000. H. nemoralis var. rubella.—Plentiful, (1234)5 and 00300, but only found one ooooo. At the back of the beaches I found very many of vars. libellula and rubella (12)345 and 123(45). ‘The shells were quite dull, the gloss having apparently been removed by the sand and spray which must have been blown on the shells when the wind was from the sea. The animals were principally found on the umbelliferous plants. H. nemoralis var. albolabiata.—One specimen only. Helix hortensis.—Small and pale straw-coloured; 12345 and 12(345). Not plentiful. H. hortensis var. lutea.—Not plentiful ; ooooo. Helix rufescens.—Scarce; only three or four specimens found ; one abnormal. Helix sericea.—Plentiful under stones at the back of beaches. Helix rotundata.—Plentiful under stones at the back of beaches. Helix caperata.—Plentiful in hedges around the town. H. caperata var. ornata.—Fairly common ; many dead, but in good condition. J.C., v., April, 1887. JAMES : MOLLUSCA ABOUT NEWQUAY, CORNWALL. 165 H. caperata var. fulva.—Fairly common; many dead shells in good condition. Helix ericetorum.—In great abundance on the commons near the beaches. ‘The varieties seem endless. Helix virgata.—In greatest abundance everywhere; finest specimens in common adjoining the Fistral beach. H. virgata var. albicans.—Almost as plentiful as the type, and generally scattered with it. H. virgata var. hypozona.—Pilentiful ; generally found with the type. H. virgata variety undescribed, brown.—Plentiful, with the type. H. virgata var. leucozona.—Not common. H. virgata var. nigrescens.—Rare ; only six found, at the Fistral common. H. virgata var. aloba.—Very rare; only one found, at the Fistral common. Zonites draparnaldi.—Five found ; all under stones at the back of Lustigaze beach, the only place. Zonites glaber.—Common and generally distributed. Zonites cellarius.—Common and generally distributed. Bulimus acutus.—In greatest abundance everywhere. B. acutus var. bizona.—Almost as plentiful as the type. B. acutus var. articulatus.—Almost as plentiful as type. B. acutus var. strigatus.—Almost as plentiful as type. Clausilia rugosa.—Only one found. Pupa marginata.—A few under stones at the back of beaches. Arion ater var. atra.—Plentiful and generally distributed. Arion hortensis.—Plentiful. Limax agrestis.—Plentiful. Amalia marginata.—Not common; I got two shells from two fine specimens. CRANTOCK. About one and a half miles to the west of Newquay. I went once. Helix aspersa.—In abundance. I did not search for any other species, and the aspersa were just as at Newquay. 166 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Limnza peregra.—In great quantities in a little stream from the Churchtown to the beach ; very small. Pisidium pusillum.—Very abundant in the same stream as L. peregra. Planorbis vortex.—One specimen only. ST. COLUMB PORTH. About a mile to the east of Newquay. I went twice. Helix aspersa.—As at Newquay. Felix nemoralis.—A few. Helix virgata.—Plentiful. Helix ericetorum.—Scarce. Helix caperata and varieties.—Plentiful. Helix rotundata.—Common. Helix sericea.—Two or three. Zonites crystallinus.—Four or five only. Limax maximus.—Plentiful ; shells large and thick. Pupa marginata.—A few under stones in hedge. Succinea pfeifferi.Small, but plentiful in moors. Planorbis vortex.—Plentiful in stream in moors. Planorbis albus.—Rare, in same stream as P. vortex. Limnzea peregra.—Plentiful, in the same stream. Limnza palustris.—Plentiful, in stream. Limneea truncatula.—Plentiful, in stream. a OO Oe Helix hortensis monst. sinistrorsum and H. aspersa var. exalbida in Pembrokeshire. — Mr. C. Jefferys informs me that he has lately found in the immediate neighbourhood of Tenby, a fine reversed shell of 4. hortensts var. Jutea. On 24th of July he met with & aspersa var. ex- allvida. Both forms are, I believe, new to the district. Mr. Jefferys remarks that the vars. mznor and conoidea of HZ. aspersa are common, and A. aculeata is also found in some numbers, but is very local.—Jno. W. Taytor, August rst, 1886. J.C.. v., April, 1887 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 167 ON THE GENUS CUMA. By THE REV. A. H. COOKE, M.A., F.Z.S. CURATOR IN ZOOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE. In H. and A. Adams’ ‘ Genera of the Mollusca,’ the follow- ing are enumerated as Species of Cuma (Humphr.). Africana Matt. muricina Blainv. carinifera Lam. guadrata Jonas cuspidata Ad. & Rve. rugosa Quoy diadema Lam. sacellum Chem. Grateloupiana Petit tectum Chem. Graves Brod. thiarella Lam. zmpertalts Blainv. trigona Lam. kiosquiformis Ducl. Of these, Africana, diadema, tmperialis, thiarella=carintfera ; Grateloupiana and trigona are better known as gradata Jonas, for which I strongly suspect gwadrvata is a misprint ; cuspidata 1s possibly a variety of Purpura hippocastanum, Gravesii is a Coralliophila, muricina isa Sistrum, rugosa Quoy is an error for rugosa Born (rugosa Quoy=scobina Quoy), which is a synonym of sacelium Chem. The list, therefore, of species of Cuma may be re-written as follows :— carinifera Lam. sacellum Chem. gradata Jonas tectum Chem. (Wood). kiosquiformis Ducl. Tryon, in his ‘ Manual of Conchology,’ vol. i., pp. 199-202, enumerates the following as Cuma (Humphr.) :— Riosquiformis Ducl. gradata Jonas purpuroides A’Orb. tectum Wood carinifera Lam. rugosa Born coronata Lam. muricata Winds 168 COOKE: ON THE GENUS CUMA. It is necessary to state distinctly what Tryon’s views are with regard to the first new member of this list, viz.: pzrpurotdes d’Orb. In vol. i1., p. 200, he writes, ‘This well-known species, inhabiting the West Coast of Central and South America, is said to have a fusoid operculum ; it will therefore be described and figured in vol. iii. Conchologically, the species is very closely allied to C. ktosquiformis Ducl.’ Referring to vol. ii1., p. 109, we find ‘ Melongena fusiformis Blainv. ‘This shell is apparently very closely related to C. Acosquiformis, but the operculum, according to d’Orbigny, is not purpuroid. ‘The re- semblance, conchologically, is much nearer [to] Cuma than either [to] AZelongena or Siphonatia, and I cannot help thinking that the great French naturalist was mistaken as to the oper- culum.’ Nov, this is alla piece of guess-work, of a most unscientific kind. d’Orbigny was perfectly correct in stating that the oper- culum is not purpuroid. We have a specimen in the MacAndrew collection here, whose operculum, though unfortunately imper- fect, is yet quite sufficiently perfect to enable one to state distinctly that the shell which possesses it is not allied to Cuma, or evento Purpura, in the remotest degree. Perfect specimens with the operculum zz szfw may be seen at the British Museum. The unguiculate form and terminal nucleus settle at once the question of its non-purpuroid relationship ; whether the affinities of the shell be in the direction of Melongena or Fusus or Siphonalia is another matter, which must wait for an examination of the animal, and in particular of the dentition. Conchologically, too, the difference between the two shells is very marked. The thick ‘ fibrous-brown’ epidermis of purpurotdes is of itself sufficient evidence that the shell which it envelopes so tightly is not a Purpura. Few Purpuras have a distinct epidermis at all, and none any that in the least degree resembles this. It may be added that the locality given by Tryon, on Cuming’s authority (St. Elena, W. Columbia), is probably in- J.C., v., April, 1887. COOKE: ON THE GENUS CUMA. 169 correct. Cuming’s localities, as Dr. Gray has sufficiently shown, are not to be relied upon as establishing, but only as confirming, a question of distribution. Its range is probably confined to the second locality which Tryon gives, viz: Peru, and to North Chili. Cuma coronata is placed by Tryon amongst the Cumas, without a word of explanation, except by saying that it resembles Riosquiformts in the whorls being connected across the sutures by laminz. But since this peculiarity is never stated, or supposed, to be an index of generic distinction (see below), covonata had better, in the absence of other evidence for removing it, stay where it has hitherto been, with the Purpure. Cuma muricata is admitted on the evidence of a single specimen, dredged by Hinds at Panama in nineteen fathoms, mud. It is only natural to remark that mud at nineteen fathoms is not the usual habitat of shells of this group, and when we further learn that this single specimen is a very young shell, that it is only the wide difference of locality which prevents it being identified as 7wgosa Born (i.e. sacellum Chem), and that it has also been described as a Zvophon, we need not have much compunction in not letting it disturb us further. Thus then Tryon’s list, purged of intruders, becomes ex- actly identical with the reformed list of H. and A. Adams. Now let us see what are the recognised conchological dis- tinctions, which separate these five shells, viz: carinifera Lam. gradata Jonas, kiosqguiformis Ducl., rugosa Born, fectum Wood, under the genus Cuma, from the genus Purpura, in other words, why are the shells, or any of them, classed as Cuma, and not Purpura ? Thedescriptions of Cuma and Purpura,as given in H.and A. Adams, and copied by Tryon, are—placing them for the sake of convenience in parallel columns :— 170 Purpura SHELL oblong oval, last whorl large, SPIRE short. APERTURE ovate, large, with an oblique channel or groove at the fore part. CoLUMELLA flattened. OuTER Lip simple. OpERCULUM oblong, nucleus elongate, forming the long outer edge. COOKE: ON THE GENUS CUMA. Cuma SHELL pyriform, SPIRE eleva- ted, acute, whorls angular or spinose. APERTURE oval oblong. COLUMELLA convex, sometimes with a strong angular tooth in the middle. OutTER Lip acute, grooved in- ternally. OPERCULUM ovate, blunt, nuc- leus elongate, forming the outer or hinder edge. Now, it is plain that the possession of a ‘Ayviform’ shell is not a peculiarity of Cwma as opposed to Purpura, for Purpura armigera, speciosa, and certain varieties of A@emastoma are as much ‘pyriform’ as they are ‘ovate-oblong’, and they have never been classified as Cuma. Againan ‘elevated’ sfzre is just as common in Purpura as a ‘short’ one, eg. P. scobina, lapillus, cingulata, And many Purpuras have ‘angular’ or even ‘spinose’ whorls, e.g. P. armigera, consul, hippocastanum, echinata. The aperture does not present, and is not described as pre- senting, any point of contrast. The outer lip in Purpura is described as being ‘simple’, in Cuma as being ‘acute’, which I suppose is only two ways of ex- pressing the same thing. It is stated however of Cuma, and is not stated of Purpura, that the outer lip is ‘ grooved internally’. But for this to be valid as a generic distinction, it would be necessary to show that no /urpure were internally grooved, and a glance at Purp. persica, planospira, hippocastanum, and haemastoma in certain cases, will dispose of the possibility of this. And, conversely, several so called Cumas are not always in- ternally grooved, e.g. carinifera, gradata, and particularly £cos- J.C., v., April, 1887. COOKE: ON THE GENUS CUMA. ie G/Al guiformis, of which latter I have many specimens without the symptom of a groove. The operculum is the same in both. There remains the co/umella, and here alone there appears any distinction which really may be taken as constituting generic difference. The ‘convexity’ of the columella in Cuma, as com- pared with its ‘flatness’ in Purpura, may be dismissed at once, for in the so-called Cuma carinata, kiosqutiformts, rugosa, sacellum, the columella is just as straight as in the normal Purpura. There remains only the sentence—‘ sometimes with a strong angular tooth in the middle.’ If for ‘sometimes’ we read ‘once,’ the facts will be stated correctly. For, out of the five species to which we have reduced Cuma, tectum alone possesses this ‘strong angular tooth.’ It follows, therefore, that the re- maining four, destitute as they are of what we have proved is the sole qualification for generic difference, and unable to pro- duce any other claim to the same, must sink back into what they doubtless ought to be, viz., Purpuras pure and simple. Cuma then, is represented, really on the showing of the genus- makers themselves, by the single species ¢ectum. It is hardly correct to describe this sole peculiarity of Cuma as simply ‘columella with a strong angular tooth in the middle.’ For, if a shell of Cuma tectum be broken open, it will be seen that this ‘tooth’ is not a development of the colu- mella only, not a mere sharpened callus, so to call it, but is the termination, on the columella, of a strong ridge which ascends the interior of all the whorls, up to the top of the spire itself. Hence its true importance ; for a mere callus, confined to the columella, would not take equal rank as determining a genus. Lastly, I would point out that the evidence of geographical distribution is in favour of this restriction of the genus Cuma. If the other four species, carinifera, gradata, kiosquiformis, and sacellum, which I hope I have succeeded in expelling from the genus, are placed here, there is no explanation of the fact that a 172 COOKE: ON THE GENUS CUMA. gap in the distribution occurs, unbridged by the occurrence of any species. For, broadly speaking, the Malay peninsula is the metropolis of carinifera and gradata, Western tropical America of Riosquiformis and tectum. If however the genus be restricted as here proposed, we have one more well marked example of what I may call ‘modified Purpuras,’ peculiar to the W. coast of America. Cuma, Monoceros and Concholepas will then rank together, as characteristic of this coast, and of this coast only, the columellar tooth in Cuma being paralleled by the labial tooth in Monoceros. The exact limits of the distribution of Cuma tectum are not known. Its metropolis appears to be Panama; where I have collected it in large numbers at low water mark, neap tides, in clefts of rocks. It does not extend northwards as far as Mazatlan ; or (apparently) southwards as far as Guayaquil, and it does not occur at the Galapagos. A word in conclusion with regard to nomenclature. The Genus Cuma, as constituted by Humphrey in 1797 (Mus. Calonn., p. 35, genus 60), is an omntum gatherum of fourteen species, from which this at most can be learned, that it includes two species of Fusctolaria (tulipa and trapezium) and one of Pyrula (morio). To say that Humphrey constituted the genus is perhaps to pay him too great a compliment, as his ‘ genera’ are merely unscientific groupings of species under popular names, for sale purposes. Swainson, in 1840 (Malac., pp. 73, 87, 307), first took the name up, making Cuma a subdivision of the Pyruline, and taking as the type, and apparently as the only species, swlcata Swains. (=¢ectum Wood). He regarded Cuma as a passage between Pyvula and /usus, giving the following description : Shell subfusiform ; spire and base equal in length ; inner lip with a central fold. Gray (P. Z. S., 1847) placed Cuma Swains, in his section 6 of the Muricide, between Rapana and Latirus. It follows therefore that for Cuma Humphr. must be sub- stituted Cuma Swains., although the latter author did not correctly estimate the position of the genus. J.C., v., April, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 173 SOME CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES OF A VISIT TO FIFESHIRE, N.B. By THOMAS SCOTT. (Read before the Conchological Society). About the end of July last year I spent part of a short holiday in Fifeshire, and while in ‘Ye Kingdom’ several notable and interesting places were visited,—but there are few places in Fifeshire which are not either notable or interesting,—and among others a few hours were passed at the side of Lindores’ Loch. This Loch is easily reached from Newburgh-on-Tay where there is a station of the North British Railway, though, in the present instance, I did not take advantage of this mode of locomotion. Lindores’ Loch as a famous rendezvous of the votaries of the Roaring Game, otherwise curlers, is known far and wide, and many an exciting and busy scene has been witnessed on its surface, when ‘John Frost’ had hardened it into a firm and crystalline pavement ; and, though, in the eyes of the curler this may be its most interesting aspect, and, though, the animated and stirring scenes witnessed under such conditions cannot but be interesting even to the uninitiated, the beauty of this beautiful loch is best seen and appreciated by the naturalist on a clear sunny day in midsummer ; then its surface is ornamented with numerous Water Lilies, Polygonums, Ranuncul, and other aquatic plants, round its margin rise tall grasses and sedges, while over its limpid surface snowy swans move in deliberate and stately dignity, the whole forming, when seen under favour- able conditions, a picture of exquisite loveliness; and at such 174 SCOTT : MOLLUSCA OF LINDORES’ LOCH. times as if to add still further to the enchantment of the scene the air is filled with the hum of the busy insect life that finds food and shelter amid the luxuriant vegetation in the vicinity of the loch. The fauna and flora of the loch and its neighbourhood is well worth the spending of a long summer’s day to examine. Un- fortunately at this time my visit was limited to a few hours, and to make it more unsatisfactory the weather was unpropitious, but notwithstanding this combination of unfavourable conditions a few interesting objects were secured, and among them were a number of molluscs. The following is a list of all the species observed in and about the loch during my visit :— Sphzerium corneum (L.). This species is not very plentiful, nor is it so large as in some other Scotch localities. Pisidium nitidum Jenyns. Of frequent occurrence. P. roseum Scholtz? This form though agreeing very well with P. voseum as described in Dr. Jeffrey’s ‘ British Con- chology,’ and which is generally known in England by this name, is not considered by some Continental Conchologists to be the P. vosewm of Scholtz. ‘This, though somewhat scarce, is not exactly a rare form in Lindores’ Loch. Valvata piscinalis (Mill.). A common species. Planorbis nitidus (Miull.). Frequent. P. nautileus (L.). This seems rather scarce, but that is owing perhaps, not to its actual scarcity so much, as to its being so small and easily overlooked. P. albus (Mill). Frequent. P. contortus (L.). Rather common. Physa fontinalis (L.). Common. Limngea peregra var. lacustris (Leach). Not unfrequent ; it is noteworthy that all the specimens observed belonged to this variety. ].C., v-, April, 1887, SCOTT : MOLLUSCA OF LINDORES’ LOCH. 175 L. auricularia (L.). This appeared to be one of the com- monest species in the loch, but the majority of the specimens were immature. L. palustris (Miull.). Not unfrequent. Ancylus lacustris (L). Rather scarce. Succinea puiris (L.). Frequent, but mostly immature. These were all I noticed, but if the molluscan fauna was carefully worked up, doubtless other species would be added to the list here given. The habitat given in Jeffrey’s ‘British Conchology’ for var. lacustris of L. peregra is ‘mountain lakes’ in Zetland, Scotland, Ireland, and the North of England; but Lindores’ Loch has no great elevation above sea level; in this case, how- ever, the habitat may be exceptional. After leaving Lindores’ Loch I walked to Cupar, thence to St. Andrews, Anstruther, St. Monance, Elie, Largo, and on to Markinch—famed for big cabbages and early butterflies, as well as for other marvels both animal and vegetable—where I got on board a railway carriage, and reached home within a few hours thereafter. Between St. Monance and Largo I kept by the shore, and it is a most interesting stretch of shore, geologically, botanically and otherwise; parts of it can only be traversed when the tide is out, and, even then, in some places, as at Kincraig, between Elie and Largo, it is with considerable difficulty and even danger that progress can be made, but the prospects that Open out now and again as one scrambles along far more than repays all the toil. On the sandy links to the east of Elie, Helix nemoralis 1. was exceedingly abundant, the majority of the shells being unicoloured, of all shades from almost white to yellow, brown, and nearly black, but the lighter shades were the most common, 7. ervicetorum Mull. was also of frequent occurence as well as the variety a/ba Charp. of the same species. 176 SCOTT: MOLLUSCA OF LINDORES’ LOCH. Hf, nemoralis is also common in and about Cupar, Darsie, and other inland places, but the shells seem to me to be of a heavier build and there are fewer unicoloured varieties ; near Cupar also, I noticed Limax maximus L., there were two or three specimens, and they were all banded longitudinally, the bands being alternately dark and light coloured ; Zozz¢es cellarius (Mull.) and Pupa umbilicata Drap. were also noticed in the same neighbourhood. In the vicinity of the railway station at Burntisland I obser- ved a few specimens of Helix aspfersa Miill. It did not seem that their life-work was carried on under very favourable conditions, if one could safely judge by their appearance, for they were rather stunted in growth and their shells were sadly eroded and blackened from the frequent smoke-baths to which they were subjected by the incessant coming and going of railway engines, and possibly the sooty grass they had to live on was not good for their health; they had such a dilapidated appearance that one felt inclined to gather them all into the vasculum and trans- fer them to some dewy hedgerow where they would have pure air and clean grass. A few specimens of HY. asfersa which I brought with me from Burntisland measured on an average about 1,4; inch in height and 14 inch in greatest breadth. During my visit I had very little time to spare for con- chological work, which will explain why so few species are here recorded. Perhaps during another visitthe molluscs will be more attended to. Pisidium roseum and Vertigo antivertigo in East Kent.—Yesterday I found Piscdiwm roseum and Vertigo anti- vertigo, associated with other species already recorded, at Minster, near Sandwich. Iam not aware that these two species have been found in any other Kentish locality—SypNEy C. CocKERELL, March 15th, 1887. J.C., v., April, 1887. ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 177 COLLECTING MOLLUSCA IN THE CELTIC REGION (ON THE COAST OF FRANCE), NEAR BREST. In the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie’ for April, 1885, Dr. F. Daniel has a pleasant article in which he offers very useful advice from an experienced naturalist to collectors on the sea shore. After dismissing for the occasion the use of the dredge, partly on account of the amount of apparatus, and partly because of the jealousy of fishermen, who don’t show their favourite places to strangers, and of the ‘obstructiveness of the fishery officials’, Dr. D. details skilfully the search amongst weeds on rock and sand, especially near low water, and under stones, and in the sand and mud. He recommends search on the shore on any coast at high and low water, from the end of autumn to the beginning of May. ‘The sand molluscs burrow less deeply and the weed- eating mollusca come up after January to feed on the young weed and to lay their eggs ;—many species coming especially amongst Zostera. At this season the bank of St. Marc at Brest is often strewed with Acera, Bulla, and Aplysia. Pleuro- branchus occurs in occasional seasons. On the sands, par- ticularly in the early spring when the Zostera begins to grow, Scalaria is to be found burrowing or creeping, also Dentalium, Natica alderi, and Pandora, while by sweeping this weed before the tide has left it, many small Trochus and Rissoa may be taken. So also Lacuna, Phasianella, and Cerithium, especially in the cooler months. It is better to follow the retreating tide than to meet it as it rises, z.¢., to catch specimens before they have secreted them- selves. Where the rocks at low water are overgrown with weed, collect the bushy masses and shake them over a cloth, or better, in a pot of fresh water at home, for many small species. M 178 COLLECTING MOLLUSCA IN THE CELTIC REGION. On the coast of Brittany there appears to be a more systematic shore hunt for crabs, etc., than with us. Dr. D. suggests as a fruitful plan for collectors, to follow the hunters and search the large stones and slabs of rock overturned, for Haliotis, Fissurella, Patella, Lottia, Emarginula, Pleurobranchus (plumula), Galeomma, and Murex. The so-called roots of Laminaria and bunches of Corallina and of the horny Zoophytal growths are to be minutely searched for Patella pellucida, Odostomia, and Chemnitzia, and for Kellia, and other small bivalves; also large Echinus and Asterias for Stylifer and Montacuta. The September and March equinoctial tides are particularly productive, as the commotion and the great recess and advance of the waves send up on the beach many species not otherwise easily met with. A search amongst the shell fish brought up to market is often fruitful. Avicula, Pectens, Capulus, Fissurella, and Emarginula may be looked for amongst Oysters and scallops ; and sometimes a Pinna or a Tritonmay turn up. The stomachs of fish often yield specimens of deepwater shells rarely pro- curable. ‘The Wrasse devours Lottia.’ Codfish and haddock are great collectors. Particular localities for exploration are the following :— The entire circumferences of the roadstead of Brest, especially on the N.W. from Kerhuon to the narrow entrance of the harbour, particularly the surroundings of the port, and under the fortifications of Brest; below the castle at Postrein and the ancient polygon; at Lanninon; the new pier heads of the commercial port; the piers of St. Marc, called Tristchler ; the sand bank of St. Mare and Moulin Blanc; the creeks of the same name and of St. Barbe; the rocks surrounding the N.W. entrance to the harbour on the south coast ; the sand bank of St. Jean; the coast of Plougastel; the bay of Poulmic; Fret; the coast of L’ Ile Longue, opposite Quelern, in the direction of Chateaulin; the environs of Landivennec J.C., v., April, 1887, COLLECTING MOLLUSCA IN THE CELTIC REGION. 179 and the entrance to the river Faou.. Beyond the roadstead of Brest :—Camaret ; the bay of Toulinguet ; the bay of Dinant ; the strands of Morgat and of Crozon, which form part of the Bay of Douarnerez; the island Laber; the beach of Gréves ; then, in the direction of Quimper, the bay of Audierne and the Isle of Tudy. In the direction of the Channel: Label, Ildul ; Paimpol, Argenton ; the bay of Goulven ; Plouescat, and I’ ile Vierge, near Laber Varch; further still Roscof, Isle of Baty, and the mouth of the river at Morlaix. It may here be of interest to notice the local names given by the inhabitants, fishermen, and even the children, playing on the shore, to the different molluscs which they commonly pick up. One can thus know the whereabouts of these molluscs more easily, and get the fishermen and children to help in seek- ing for them. The following are the most common :— Pholas . ... Bonne-Sceur réligieuse. Teredo .. Percebois Tariere. Solen ... Pied de couteau. Lutraria ; . Pied de sabot. Venus verrucosa... so JPineiee. Tapes . Palourde. Cardium 'Coques! Pecten maximus... . Coquille de St. Jacques. Pecten varius ey Retoncle: Pecten opercularts 7 betonele: Littorina littoralis Trochus magus ... Buccinum undatum . Vignon, Bigorne. ... Bigorne de chien. . La grande Bigorne. LCN a . Brenique. ffaliotts ... . Ormeau. Pinna . Jambonneau. Sepia . Morgatte. Loligo ... .. Encornet. Octopus ... . Chat de Mer, Pieuvre. Aplysia ... . Liévre de mer or Vache de mer. R.D.D. 180 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NOTES ON THE LIMNAIDZA. Limnza peregra var. Burnetti (Alder). By ‘WILLIAM NELSON. Limnea Burnetti (Alder) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1848. Limneus Burnetti, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv., 1854. Limneea peregra var. Burnetti (Jeffreys) Brit. Con., vol. i., 1862. Shell large, ovate, globular, rather solid; dull, of a dark horn colour; finely and rather deeply striate in the lines of growth; whorls 5-6; apex intorted; the two apical whorls are quite sunk below the third one, after which they begin to fall away from the plane of convolution, giving to the shell an appearance of a spire; the body whorl is very large and rounded; the inner lip is reflected on the columella, which is not much twisted, and forms a subumbilicus; the suture is moderately deep. Length 19 mill., breadth 18 mill. This shell was first described as a species by Mr. J. Alder in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ in 1848. It was discovered by Mr. Burnett in the stomach of trout caught in Loch Skene, Dumfriesshire ; afterwards living specimens were obtained from that wild, secluded, and lonely locality, from which this most able of British conchologists drew his diagnosis. The young shell has somewhat the appearance of Limnea involuta, but is darker in colour, more solid and globular. The mature shells are usually much eroded, and has, as Mr. Alder happily describes it, somewhat the appearance of a Nerita. The only additional locality that has been recorded is Llyn-y-van-fach, Carmarthen, Wales. I have, through the kind- ness of Mr. J. W. Taylor, had an opportunity of examining specimens from the Welsh locality, and, though I think they may perhaps be referred to this variety, they are by no means so characteristic, and would, I think, point to a shorter period of isolation than those from the original locality. J.C., v., April, 1887 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 181 LAND SHEELS OF ILFRACOMBE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. By J. R. B. TOMLIN. Tue following list is the result of intermittent collecting from March 17th to 31st, by Mrs. McKenny Hughes, Miss Alford, and myself, during a geological expedition. The ground ex- plored may be included in a radius of about eight miles from Ilfracombe. Geologically this area belongs to the Middle Devonian group, passing into the Upper Devonian near Braunton, which was the southern limit of our investigations. On the east we did not get beyond the ‘great Hangman.’ Most noticeable is the hillside at Hele (two miles to the east of Ilfracombe), where white vars. of Arion hortensis, Hyalina cellaria, and Helix rotundata all occurred. Limnea peregra (Miill.). At Lee only. Ancylus fluviatilis Mill. In all fast streams. Arion ater (L.). Not common; the black and brown forms noticed. A. hortensis Fér. Abundant everywhere; two albinos at Hele. Amalia marginata (Mill). Common on east side of Hele Bay. Limax maximus L. Very seldom seen; at Combe Martin and Challacombe. L. agrestis L. Ubiquitous. Testacella haliotidea Drap. At Hele Bay—four live speci- mens and one shell—under stones deeply buried in the ground. The animals were small and light-coloured. Vitrina pellucida Mill. Dead shells everywhere ; alive at Watermouth, Hele, Combe Martin, Widmouth, etc. Hyalina cellaria (Miill.). Common everywhere—finest at lelalle. H. cellaria var. albinos Mog. Some lovely specimens with the Zestacella. 182 H. H. TOMLIN : LAND SHELLS OF ILFRACOMBE. . alliaria (Miller). Sparingly at Hele, Combe Martin, and Bittadon. . nitidula (Drap.). Equally common with Z& cellaria. crystallina (Mill.). Only at Hele and Widmouth Cove. pura (Alder). At Hele and Combe Martin. Helix aculeata Mill. One specimen at Woollacombe and tit two at Hele Bay. . aspersa Mull. A most abundant species in this district, especially in the stone walls, and generally much weathered. . nemoralis L. Not uncommon on the Combe Martin road, after rain ; dead shells everywhere. . nemoralis var. libellula Risso. 12345, 00300, o0000. nemoralis var. rubella Mog. 12345, 00300, o0000. . nemoralis var. castanea Mog. A single immature shell, 00000. hortensis Mill. With A. zemoralis, and more plentiful. . hortensis var. lutea Mog. 12345, oo000. rufescens Penn. Not plentiful; found at Ilfracombe, Hele, Watermouth, etc. . rufescens var. alba Mog. On the Combe Martin road. concinna Jeff. On east side of Hele Bay. hispida L. Sparingly but widely distributed. . hispida var. albida Jeff. A single adult on the Combe Martin road. sericea Mull Decidedly rare; it occurred at Widmouth Cove, Hele, and elsewhere. . fusca Mont. One live and one dead shell under stones in Combe Martin village. . virgata Da Costa. Swarming on Braunton burrows, but mostly dead. Equally common on the slopes of the ‘Little Hangman,’ but nearly all alive and adult. A scalariform monstrosity occurred at Braunton. Also found at Morthoe and Woollacombe. . virgata var. hypozona Mog. ‘Little Hangman.’ . virgata var. albicans Grat. ‘ Little Hangman.’ J.C., v., April, 1887. TOMLIN : LAND SHELLS OF ILFRACOMBE. 183 . virgata var. subalbida (Poiret). ‘ Little Hangman.’ . caperata Mont. Ubiquitous ; finest on the ‘ Hangman.’ caperata var. ornata Pic. At Combe Martin. rotundata Mull. Very common everywhere; and of ex- ca te tremely fine size. rotundata var. aloa Moq. In marvellous abundance in a dell on the cliff to the east of Hele Bay. Amongst several hundred specimens we observed only three or four of the type. Elsewhere the variety never occurred. H. pulchella Mill. Occurred only twice on the cliffs between Ilfracombe and Lee (the ‘Torr’s Walk’). Bulimus acutus (Mill.). Plentiful on the sandhills in Morte Bay. B. obscurus (Mill.). Common in hedgerows on the road to Combe Martin. Also plentiful in the Hele Bay locality. Pupa umbilicata Drap. Ubiquitous and generally very fine indeed. Balea perversa (L.). A single live specimen ina copse south of Bittadon, on slate. Clausilia rugosa (Drap.). Plentiful everywhere. Cc. rugosa var. tumidula Jeff. A swollen and stumpy form, corresponding to this variety, occurred near the sea. Cochlicopa lubrica (Mill). Not common; at Combe Martin, Hele, and Ilfracombe. Carychium minimum Mill. Plentiful with . rotundata var. alba. Cyclostoma elegans (Miill.). Also common in the Hele locality. Not found elsewhere. Most of the specimens were of a dark purplish colour. x Clausilia rugosa var. gracilior at Clapham, Yorks. —I can add this variety to Mr. Hugh Richardson’s list of the ‘Mollusca of the Neighbourhood of Clapham,’ published in the April No. of this Journal, 1886; specimens of which I found in August, 1884, not far from Clapham Church.—C. H. PIERSON. 184 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A LIST OF THE SHELES OF MERIONETEE By THOS. RUDDY, of Palé, Corwen. Spherium lacustre.—Plentiful in ponds and ditches. Pisidium fontinale.—Most abundant and general in ditches, ponds, &c. Unio margaritifer.—Plentiful in the river Dee. I have seen colonies of fifty to sixty together. All the shells are eroded at the hinge. Planorbis nautiijeus.—Llyn-y-Gwernen, near Dolgelly. P. nautileus var. cristata.—With P. nautileus. Llyn-y-Gwernen is a small lake two miles from Dolgelly, on the road to Cader Idris. It is mostly overgrown with water plants. ‘The climate is mild at Dolgelly. P. spirorbis.—Llyn-y-Gwernen, near Dolgelly, and Llyn- Creini, near Bala. ‘The latter is a cold moorland lake. Physa fontinalis.—Llyn-y-Gwernen, Dolgelly. Limnzea peregra.—Abundant in pools, lakes, and ditches. I have seen it in a lake at Cader Idris, at an altitude of about 1,500 feet. L. truncatula.—Common in ditches. L. glabra.—Boggy ditches near Llanderfel. Ancylus fluviatilis.—Abundant and general in the river Dee and in mountain streams.—I have seen it at an altitude of about 1,000 feet. Succinea elegans.—I picked up one specimen of this in a field near Bala. I kept it in a little box from the middle of April until the middle of July, in a full sun exposure ; and, on opening the box at the end of the three months, the creature crawled about quite lively. Vitrina pellucida.—Common and general. Zonites cellarius.—Very common and general. Z. crystallinus.—Plentiful and general. J.C., v., April, 1887. RUDDY : SHELLS OF MERIONETH. 185 Helix aspersa.—Very rare inland, but is very abundant on the sea coast near Barmouth and Towyn. H. nemoralis.—General and plentiful. H. nemoralis var. hortensis.—About Llanderfel. H, arbustorum.—Hedge roots near Llanderfel, but does not seem to be either general or plentiful. This species is a very recent find, but I traced it along two hedges for about half-a-mile. H. caperata.—General and plentiful. H. ericetorum.—On the Carboniferous limestone rocks at Trevor, near Llangollen, which is a little beyond the boundary of Merioneth, but I have not seen any in this county. H. hispida.—General and plentiful. H. rotundata.-—Very general and plentiful. Bulimus obscurus.—On the Carboniferous limestone rocks at Trevor, near Llangollen, a little beyond the boundary of Merioneth; I have not seen any in this county. Pupa marginata.—About Llanderfel. P. umblicata.—With P. marginata. About Llanderfel. Balea perversa.—In old walls about the village of Llanderfel, near Bala. Clausilia rugosa.—Found about Llanderfel, but is very plentiful along the out-crops of the Bala limestone (Lower Silurian) in several places in the county. Cochliicopa lubrica.—Plentiful between Bala and Corwen. Cyclostoma elegans. — On the Carboniferous limestone rocks at Trevor, near Llangollen, beyond the Merioneth boundary ; not yet found in this county. Le Ne eee ae Physa fontinalis var. albina at Farington, South Lancashire.—On March 4th, I found two specimens of Physa Jontinalis v. albina at Farington.—W. H. Heatucore, March 28th, 1887. 186 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. By J. T. MARSHALL. Terebratula papillosa, Marshall. Pl. I, figs. 1—3. In August last Mr. B. Sturges Dodd submitted for my opinion a minute brachiopod he had recently found at Skegness on the Lincolnshire coast, during a visit there of the Nottingham Naturalists’ Society. It was a small species, about three- quarters of a line in length and half a line in breadth, shaped as Terebratula caput-serpentis, but having wider interstices between the ribs, with rather prominent tubercular prominences. I could not identify it with any European species, and expected it to be the young of an exotic brachiopod, probably imported with ballast. I advised him therefore to send it to Mr. Edgar Smith, who might be able to identify it as the young of some foreign species in the British Museum, and Mr. Smith returned the specimen with the following note :— “T have been unable to identify it with any species in the Museum collection. The prickly sculpture is very peculiar, and of very unfrequent occurrence in Terebratula. A small form with somewhat similar ornamentation was described by Jeffreys from the ‘Porcupine’ dredgings. He called it TZ: tuberata.” He advised Mr. Dodd to send it to the Rev. Merle Norman, who replied :— “There is only one European species that it at all resembles, and that is 7evebratula tuberata, Jeffreys. I have never seen that species, but your specimen is very close to his figure, except that it does not show the scaly striation of the surface, but that in a larger specimen might result from the breaking down of the spines. But 7° ¢wberata is only known in from 300 to 800 fathoms, and the question remains not only _ J.C., v., April, 1887. MARSHALL: ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. 187 what your shell is, but how it got where it was found. The specimen does not look like a fossil washed out of the elit? At my suggestion Mr. Dodd then sent it to the Rev. Boog Watson in a registered letter, whence, owing to a wrong address, it was returned in a fragmentary condition, having been opened by the Post Office officials and tampered with. They had removed it from the card on which it was mounted, broken it in pieces, and marked on the outside “No Value”! Ona close examination of the interior of the box, however, nearly the whole of the lower valve was found intact, and this was sent to the Rev. Boog Watson, for his opinion, who replied :— ‘““T regret to see that a previous difficulty about the address has resulted in sore damage. Of course, from such a fragment not much can be made out. Mr. Smith’s suggestion was a happy shot, but I have no doubt it is not Zerebratula tuberata. The ribs in your shell are much wider apart, the hollows much deeper, and the concentric cross bars very much finer and more irregular. ‘That I infer from his figure, for if I have ever seen his species I have certainly nothing but the vaguest impression of it. The Jurassic Rhynconella spinosa, Schlot., presents some interesting points of resemblance in the spines. In regard to the place of origin of the shell, I may mention, as bearing on the improbabilities of a deep-sea brachiopod turning up on our coasts, that I once dredged a single worn valve of a deep-water Brazilian brachiopod at Madeira.” Finally, Mr. Wilson, curator of the Bristol Museum, who knows the coast of Lincolnshire well, stated that ‘he could not accept the ballast theory, as Skegness is not a place where ballast is discharged, and the chances must be enormously against the tiny shell being an exotic.” The fragments were then returned to me, and I was endeavouring to make a drawing of the perfect shell from the fragments, when a note from Mr. Dodd announced the dis- covery by him of another perfect specimen,—this time from 188 MARSHALL: ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. Sutton-on-the-Sea, fifteen miles from Skegness—a very gratify- ing discovery, not only:as simplifying the drawing and detailed description, but as tending to emphasize the evidence of its British origin. He at once sent it to me, and the following description is taken from this second and perfect specimen :— Shell, upper valve ovately triangular, lower valve squarish, both rather convex in the middle ; it is solid for its size, semi- transparent, and slightly lustrous ; sculpture, longitudinal fine and rounded ribs, which are eleven in number on the upper valve and twelve on the lower, they radiate from the beak to the margin, and are separated by interstices nearly equally as broad, they are surmounted with tubercles, varying from six on the side to eight or nine on the centre ribs, and disappear towards the beak, the tubercles becoming more raised and pointed towards the margins ; when examined with a Codding- ton lens the whole of the surface appears crowded with micro- scopical points, being the termination of the tubular perforations characteristic of the genus; colour glassy white; margins rounded and scalloped by the ribs, slightly flexuous in front ; beak and auricles very prominent, the latter rather pointed ; foramen or byssal passage large, nearly round; deltidium (or triangular space below the beak) broad and concave. Length 0'06 ; breadth o'o4. The hinge-plate and teeth are omitted for the present, as the valves would not easily open and I was averse to using pressure. Although Z. tuberata, Jeffreys, with which I have com- pared it, may be considered its nearest ally, it differs in several essential respects from the species now under notice. 7. tuberata has no interstices between the ribs, and the latter are crowded with cross bars, while 7: pagzllosa has short and blunt tubercles with spaces between, the sculpture resembling Cardium papillosum. T. tuberata, again, 1s opaque and lustre- less, while 7: pafzllosa is crystalline white and semi-transparent. Lastly, Z: Aapillosa is more triangular in shape. J.C., v., April, 1887, MARSHALL: ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. 189 The figures have been admirably drawn by Chas. T. Musson, Esq., F.L.S., and lithographed by Messrs. Taylor Brothers, and leaves nothing to be desired as a faithful repro- duction. It is also figured in Sowerby’s new edition of the “ Illustrated Index of British Shells,’ published this month. I am afraid its probable size cannot be satisfactorily determined until more specimens are found. Both shells, though dead, were quite fresh, as much so as if just vacated by their tenants. The home, also, of the species must at present remain doubtful; it is probably in deep water, though not necessarily. Argiope capsula was very rare until a few years ago, when my friend Mr. Duprey found it comparatively abundant at Jersey, under stones between tide-marks ; and 7: caput-serpentis, which is quite common in many parts of Scotland, was unknown as British until a stray example was brought up on the anchor of a vessel in Loch Broom, which led the late Dr. Jeffreys to get his first dredge made and undertake a search for it, when he was rewarded with hundreds of specimens. It is therefore natural to hope and _ expect that more specimens may be found of this interesting little shell, as the brachiopoda are a gregarious family. Perhaps its non-discovery hitherto may be owing to the Lincolnshire coast not being a promising one for naturalists. Beyond a few hauls of the dredge from the Lynn Deeps, which I examined about twelve years ago, I do not know of any dredgings having been undertaken on this part of the British coast. The character of the sea-bed is that of a submerged forest deposit for many fathoms, with a peaty soil, much burrowed by Pholas, and so far not conducive to Brachiopoda, which are usually found on rocky and stony ground. A vast quantity of Hydrozoa (Sertularide—zoophytes) together with the sandy cases of annelides and other rejectamenta, are thrown up after storms, which are sometimes very severe, exposed as th coast is to the full fury of the North Sea. Igo MARSHALL: ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. Mr. B. Sturges Dodd is to be congratulated on his keen- ness and enthusiasm in adding this minute species to the British fauna, a preliminary notice of which appeared in the “ Notting- hamshire Weekly Express” at the time of discovery, and a short paper on which was read before the Nottingham Naturalists’ Society at their meeting of December 14th last. Scalaria pseudoscalaris, Broc. PI. I, fig. 4. Another species that may now be considered conclusively established as British is Scalaria pseudoscalaris, Broc., as six specimens have been found in recent years from three widely different localities—Scilly, North Devon, and Kent. Miss Fairbrass, of Faversham, an old and trustworthy correspondent, is the discoverer of all six specimens, three of which were found at Pegwell Bay in Kent, one at Ilfracombe, and two at Scilly. In all three cases they were found on the shore with our common SS. communis. It is only quite recently that Miss Fairbrass submitted them to me, although they have been in her possession and noted as distinct for some time. She wrote to me :—“I picked up these Scalaria at Pegwell Bay and I placed them with the S. communis I also found there, but always thought them very different, and hoped for an opportunity of sending them to a conchologist who could inform me if they were distinct.” I may add that she is always very particular as to her localities, her shells as she collects them being entered and numbered in books. It is a shell not easily recognisable from our .S. communis, except to one acquainted with the European species, especially after being rolled on the beach. The differences are slight except in one important particular—the last whorl is encircled at the base by a prominent white ridge, giving the appearance of an additional whorl having been broken off at that part. J.C., v., April, 1887. MARSHALL: ON SOME NEW BRITISH SHELLS. IgI Pegwell Bay, again, is a part of our coast not very accessible nor very inviting to collectors, and was perhaps unvisited by a conchologist until Miss Fairbrass went there. She describes it as “a desolate place, without a house near the shore, and some of the ‘ Preventives’ live in shelters made out of old vessels, with a boat attached to enable them to get inland in the winter when the marshes are overflown.” None of the specimens are quite adult; three are half- grown, and the others about two-thirds. ‘Those from Scilly are freshest and quite perfect. I should not have been surprised had this species been found at Scilly or even at Ilfracombe, but the Pegwell locality is more remarkable, and one of the last places where I should expect this shell to occur. The nearest extra-British habitat recorded for this species is in the laminarian zone at Morbihan, on the coast of Brittany. The following is a detailed description :— Shell of a conical shape, rather thin, opaque, and some- what glossy; sculpture, slightly curved longitudinal ridges, which are arranged in continuous oblique rows, crossing the suture ; these ridges are thin at their edges in fresh specimens, and are usually nine in number on the last four whorls, and one less on the upper four; the first three or four whorls are smooth ; there is also a ridge encircling the last whorl, which is more or less flattened, and is crossed by the longitudinal ridges ; it commences at the upper angle of the mouth and ends at the lower angle; between the ribs are microscopic lines only; colour milk white, more or less tinged with the animal in fresh specimens; spire tapering to a fine point; whorls 12-13, convex, gradually enlarging ; suture very deep; mouth nearly round, angulated above and below; outer lip encircled and thickened by the last-formed ridge; inner lip very broad and solid, especially at the base; umbilicus none. Length 1°3 ; breadth o's. 1g2 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. From 5S. communzs it differs in being generally more wide at the base, not so solid, in the ridges being finer and more raised, and especially in the transverse rib encircling the last whorl. Jeffreys, in “‘ British Conchology,” vol. iv., p. 98, says that “ Miss Lavars picked up a specimen in Porthcurnow Cove, near the Land’s End, with other Scalarie. . . . Its nearest ally is S. communis. . . . This species may be British.” I have seen this specimen, which was found many years ago, and which has hitherto remained unique as British. Probably the shell may have been overlooked as a worn SS. communis, and more specimens may come to light if collectors will look over their stock and compare them with my description. I shall be pleased to verify any doubtful specimens that may be sent me. A figure of the shell is given in the additional plates to Jeffreys’ “‘ British Conchology,” and also in Sowerby’s “‘Tllustrated Index of British Shells,” a new edition of which is just published. Scalaria grenlandica is also encircled by a keel at the base, but is easily distinguished from S. pseudoscalaris by the strong and conspicuous spiral striee between the ridges. Sevenoaks, Torquay, March, 1887. Colonizing Land and Freshwater Shells in East Sutherland.—Some of my colonies near Brora are doing well. Flelix virgata and Bulimus acutus, from Llandudno, are now in hundreds stretching north from mouth of Brora river for up- wards of halfa-mile. Clausilia parvula, from Normandy, seems also to hold its ground. _I had afew of several others— HZ, pisana, 1. cantiana, and A. rufescens—some of which sur- vived last winter, and may hold their ground. Clewuszlia laminata also holds on as yet. Cyclostoma elegans also may be alive, as I put them in some rockwork among the roots of fertt), Limnea stagnalis seem to have been picked by birds, as I can- not find any trace of them as yet.—WILLIAM BaILute. J.C., v., April, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 193 ON THE POSITION OF THE OPERCULUM IN CONCHOLEPAS PERUVIANUS, Lam. By THE Rev. A. H. COOKE, M.A., F.Z.S. Curator in Zoology, Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. SomE ‘living’ specimens of this fine shell having recently come into my hands, the position of the operculum at once struck me as being very remarkable, and I am not aware that it has hither- to been noticed. Kiister, in his Monograph of the Purpuridz in Martini and Chemnitz, ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ 1858, Taf. A., f. 3, gives a figure of the animal in motion, and so do H. and A. Adams, ‘Genera of the Mollusca,’ vol. iil, pl. xiv., fig. 2. Both these illustrations are copied from Kiener, Monograph of Purpura,’ pl. 23, fig. 65, and represent the animal in colours whose brilliancy is wholly imaginary. The operculum is repre- sented, no doubt rightly, in the ordinary position on a Purpura in motion. The accompanying sketch (‘ Journ. of Conch.,’ April, 1887, pl. 1., fig. 5) is an attempt to represent the animal in a state of quiescence, as seen from the under side. Almost all that presents itself is a very broad tough fleshy foot, standing out from the mantle quite as much as the foot of an ordinary Patella. The tentacles are small, almost hidden under the front edge of the foot, while the proboscis works up and down in the shallow groove of the canal. The mouth is almost equal in length to the whole length of the shell. The operculum differs from most opercula which are too small to cover the mouth, for it makes no attempt to cover it at all. In the Strombidze and the Conidz the operculum by no means fits the mouth, but it covers part of it, and lies in the same plane. But in Concholepas the operculum lies across the mouth, ina plane at right angles with its length,* and thus assumes an entirely abnormal position. * The sketch shows a little too much of the surface of the operculum ; it should lie more edgewise. N 194 COOKE: NOTE ON CONCHOLEPAS PERUVIANUS. It would be interesting to trace the steps by which so re- markable a genus as Concholepas became derived from Pur- pura, and by which the operculum, as the mouth grew in size, gradually gave up the attempt to cover it. In the only other Purpuroid which, for size of mouth relative to the whole shell, bears any comparison to Concholepas, viz., Wonoceros muricatum, the operculum is very large and of the normal type, covering - the entire mouth. I collected a few living specimens of this rare shell at Panama, in 1879, at extreme low water mark of an unusually low spring-tide. The present position of the operculum of Concholepas would seem to be, in a certain sense, protective. The animal feeds on AZytilus edulis, which, with AZ, Magellanicus, abounds on the Chilian coasts. In order to enable the proboscis to work with most effect, viz., more or less at right angles to the bivalve attacked, the hinder (or spire) end of the shell must be slightly elevated. When this is done, the operculum forms a sort of fence or barricade, covering the soft parts which would otherwise be exposed. S00 LAND SHELLS OF GIBRALTAR. By J. H. PONSONBY. At page 1. of vol. iv. of this Journal will be found a list, published by Dr. Kobelt in 1883, of the land shells of Gibraltar. This was supplemented by a further list, published in 1885 (see page 226, vol. iv., of this Journal), in which the number of species was brought up to twenty-seven. A recent visit to the Rock has enabled the following additions and alterations to be made, and even now it would not be safe to predict that the subject is by any means exhausted :— J.C., v., July, 1887, PONSONBY : LAND SHELLS OF GIBRALTAR. 395 28. Pupa cylindracea Da Costa, which we are now told is an older and better name than the familiar wmébilicata Dp. No doubt the former is an older name, but whether it is therefore, like wine in bottle, any better than it was when Jeffreys rejected it, must be settled by more competent judges. 29. Testacella ? There can be no question that a species of this genus in- habits Gibraltar. Some two or three years ago two specimens were found there by an English clergyman. The shell of one of these specimens is now in the collec- tion of Mr. Dautez, an indefatigable naturalist, who resides at Gibraltar. The other may still be in the original collector’s hands. This year again a single specimen turned up in damp grass interspersed with stones, but was most unfortunately lost before it had been examined. Mr. Dautez states that the Testacella is to be found among the rocks above the Moorish Castle, and it is to be hoped that some one will be able to verify this assertion before long. This year also a number of Hyalinia of the Vitrea group were collected, and these have been, as were the former specimens, submitted to Dr. Boettger, of Frankfort. He has now satisfied himself that the shell which he had before considered to be H. Botterit Pfr. is really the A. eustilba Bgt., which, it may be added, has also been found at Tangier, on the opposite African coast. Additions to the ‘ Mollusca of Clapham.’—In look- ing over my collection I find I have taken at various times the following species not enumerated in Mr. Richardson’s list :— felix concinna Jeff., foot of Ingleborough, P%szdzum pusillum, Flanorbis vortex, Physa hypnorum, and Limnea glabra in a pond on Clapham Common, and Zimnea truncatula in a brook near Clapham Station and on Ingleborough.—W. E. CoLLincE. 196 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. MARINE MOLLUSCA OF LYME REGIS. By J. W. CUNDALL. (Read before the Conchological Society). The ancient little town of Lyme Regis is situated at the western extremity of Dorsetshire, and is immediately contiguous — to Devon. It is a picturesque primitive place, and may be made the scene of a pleasant, if quiet, holiday. The beach is sandy, but the most careful search fails to reward the con- chologist with any extensive or very special results. At low water numerous low-lying, weed-covered rocks are revealed, but these are singularly destitute of littoral molluscan life. They are to a great extent composed of the soft blue lias of the neighbourhood, and are burrowed in all directions by ‘rock- borers,’ fine and typical examples of which abound, belonging to the three following species :— Pholas dactylus - Saxicava rugosa Pholas candida Upon the rocks a few common species may be obtained, these consist of Chiton fascicularis Patella vulgata Littorina littorea —~ Patella athletica Littorina littoralis Trochus umbilicatus Littorina rudis The place is, however, a great resort of lobster Be and the empty pots, in considerable numbers, are frequently deposited on the ‘Cobb.’ These generally well repay examina- tion, and from them the following additional species were procured :— Nassa reticulata Turritella communis Nassa incrassata Murex erinaceus Trochus cinerareus Cypreea Europa Trochus ziziphinus Puncturella Noachina Phasianella pullus J.C., v., July, 1887. CUNDALL : MARINE MOLLUSCA OF LYME REGIS. 197 But the best results accrued from a trip in a trawler one bright, breezy morning; the wind was fresh, and kept up a heavy ‘lop,’ but fortunately we were good sailors and felt no inconvenience from the lively motion. Mackerel fishing on the way out to the trawling ground, some dozen miles from Lyme, proved an agreeable recreation, and the hauling of some fifty or sixty lobster pots also added to the pleasures of the trip, but when at length, after being down some hours, the trawl was hauled aboard and our deck became*covered with soles, brill, skate, dabs, dogfish, cum multum alits, with great spider crabs (Maia squinado), hermit crabs (Pagurus Bernhardus), and numerous examples of Ayas coarctatus, &c., moving in all directions, the mind became embarrassed with the richness and variety of the spoil from the bottom of the sea. In addition to its other contents the following mollusca were brought on deck :— Loligo vulgaris Anomia ephippium Sepia officinalis Lucinopsis undata Aplysia hybrida Venus striata Cyprina islandica Mactra subtruncata Buccinum undatum Tapes virginea Pecten opercularis Psammobia ferroensis Trochus ziziphinus var. Lyonsii By the time we had overhauled our spoil the sun had set and we were still far from our harbour, before we reached it darkness had set in, and a bright path of phosphorescent light was left in our wake. It appears from the foregoing that we succeeded in enumerating but very few species of the Lyme mollusca. As regards the Land and Freshwater Shells, we did not devote much attention to their collection, and as the few occasions on which a diligent search was made only resulted in the discovery of a few of our commonest kinds, we were not induced to further extend our investigations in their direction. 198 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. MOLLUSCA OF MERIONETHSHIRE. By F. G. FENN, (Read before the Conchological Society). The following isa list of land shells collected during a short stay at Bont-ddu near Dolgelly. Owing to the short time which I was able to devote to collecting, it is very far from complete, the more so, as I devoted the greater part of the time to the slugs, merely collecting the others as I came across them. Where not otherwise given, the locality is in all cases Bont-ddu. Arion ater (L). This is far the commonest slug in the district. It exists in profusion in the valleys, and occurs more spar- ingly on the hills. The greatest elevation where I found it was about 2000 feet above the sea, on the slopes of Cader Idris. The type is subject to a little variation, the common- est form being completely black, the next having the sole grey, and the last the back black and sides with a slight brown tinge. A. ater var. albolateralis Roebuck. I found this of frequent occurrence with the type, but never at any great elevation. A small variety intermediate between this and Jdzcolor is common on the lower slopes of Cader Idris. A. ater var. bicolor (Moq.). One or two specimens from Cader Idris evidently belong to this variety, though they merge by insensible gradations into var. a/bolateralis. A. subfuscus (Drap.). Common in low-lying ground. Limax cinereo-niger var. nigra Mog. One or two speci- mens beneath stones 1n an oak copse. L. cinereo-niger var. - ? Animal grey, with two dark bands on each side; foot white. One specimen only, beneath stones with var. nzgra. J.C., v., July, 1887. FENN : MOLLUSCA OF MERIONETHSHIRE. 199 L. agrestis L. Only in one place near Dolgelly. Very pale, approaching var. albida. L. arborum B.-Ch. Common in similar position to Z. cinereo- niger. Zonites cellarius (Mill.). Bont-ddu. . alliarius (Miller). Dolgelly, alliarius var. viridula Jeffr. Bont-ddu. glaber (Stud.). Bont.-ddu. . Purus var. margaritacea Jeff. Dolgelly. radiatulus (Alder). Dolgelly. excavatus (Bean). Bont-ddu. excavatus var. vitrina (Fer.). Dolgelly. . crystallinus (Miill.). Dolgelly. Helix aspersa Mill. Very common. H. nemoralis L. Two specimens only. Type. H. rufescens Penn. Near Barmouth. Spire rather produced. H. rotundata Mill. Very common. Clausilia rugosa (Drap.). Dolgelly. Cochlicopa lubrica Mill. Near Barmouth. A peculiarity of the Arions which I dissected is that the rudimentary shell, instead of being composed of a few irregular granules, consisted of an even layer of calcareous matter spread over the interior of the shield in the same form as the shell of Limax maximus. J donot know whether this is of common occurrence, but I have never observed it before in any specimens from the home counties that have come under my notice. SUE: Zonites fulvus re-discovered in its ancient locality in Lincolnshire.—On the 4th of June inst. I col- lected Zonites fulvus in Burwell Wood, near Louth, where its occurrence is chiefly interesting as confirming the record by Dr. Martin Lister at page 123 of his “ Historize Animalium Anglie,” dated 1678. Cyclostoma elegans, which was recorded for Burwell Wood in the same work, has also been re-discovered, e ‘‘ Naturalist,” 1886, p. 347.—H. WaLiis Kew, Louth, Lincolnshire, roth June, 1887. 200 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS or tHe CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. REPORT ON THE RECORDS MADE TO DEC. OTH, 1886. DuRinG the twelve months just expiring as many as 3,137 records have been authenticated and registered, bringing up the number for nine years to no less a total than 20,178, equivalent to an average of 2,242 records for each year of the nine. ‘The numbers show a large diminution from those registered in 1885, being less than half the figure (3,137as against 7,069). ‘This diminution is partly to be accounted for by the fact that now for the first time the statistics given are inclusive only of the records actually registered in the final books, and do not include the records in the preliminary stages of registration. Former statistics have always been complete and included all the records to date, but in future they will include only such as have reached the final stage of registration and can be summarised with the least ex- penditure of time. The counties for which more than a century of records have been made during the year are 7 in number, as follows :—Mid- West York, 604; South-West York, 353; West Norfolk, 190; North Lincoln, 133; North-East York, 131 ; Worcester, 128; and Warwick, 117. Last year 30 counties were mentioned from which specimens had never been seen. ‘These have been reduced to 20 in number at the present date, specimens having been submitted from North Wilts., Peebles, Selkirk, Kincardine, South Aberdeen, Easterness, Westerness, Dumbarton, Cantire, and West Ross. The 20 virgin counties are now 14 Irish, 5 Scottish and 1 Welsh, while not a single English county remains which can in this sense be regarded as quite a ¢evva incognita. ‘The Welsh county is Cardigan, the Scottish ones are Wigton, North Aber- deen, Elgin, East Ross, and Orkney, while the 14 Irish ones are, as last year ; Monaghan, Fermanagh, Cavan, Louth, Carlow, Kilkenny, Queen’s County, Longford, Leitrim, East Mayo, East Galway, Limerick, and North Tipperary. J.C., v-, July, 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 201 The referees and recorder are much indebted to all the Conchologists who have shown their appreciation of the value of the authentication-system by sending specimens, and especially to those by whose endeavours so much has lately been done for the Scottish counties, for Norfolk and Lincoln, Worcestershire, Warwickshire and Staffordshire, and for Devon and Cornwall, and they trust that a paper on the distribution of Irish mollusca which will be printed in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, will prove effectual in eliciting a full measure of assis- tance from the Naturalists of Ireland. Meeting HELD JANUARY 10TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor in the chair. Several letters from members were brought before the meeting. NEW MEMBERS. The following gentlemen were duly elected members of the Society :—Mr. J. W. Williams, B.A., D.Sc., Park Village East, London; Mr. W. Hy. Heathcote, Avenham Lane, Preston ; Rev. A; H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S., King’s College, Cambridge; Mr. R. C. Chaytor, Middleham, Yorks. ; Rev. Geo. Gordon, LL.D., Birnie, Elgin; Mr. Robert Renton, Fans Road, Greenlaw, Berwickshire; Mr. John Beaulah, Raven- thorpe, near Brigg; Mr. Conrad Gerland, B.Sc., Ph.D., Church Hall, Church, Lancashire ; Mr. Alexander Shaw, Dover Street, Glasgow ; Mr. H. Wallis Kew, F.E.S., Louth, Lincolnshire. The following were nominated for membership :—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., York; Rev. J. E. Somerville, M.A., B.D., Glasgow ; Lieut.-Col. G. S. Parry, London ; Messrs. A. Brown, Glasgow; A. H.S. Newstead, Epping; T. W. Reader, London ; and F. R. Fitzgerald, Harrogate. DONATION. The following donation was laid on the table, ‘‘ Proceed ings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh,” session 1885-1886. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The President exhibited a number of slides from Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, of the lingual ribbons of Zonites Drapar- naldi, Arion ater, Helix sericea, LH. aspersa, Limax maximus, &c. ; a series of shells sent by Rev. J. E. Somerville, B.D., which had been collected in October and November last in West Ross, North Sutherland, and Inverness ; for the Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, of Alresford, an example of Helix virgata from Alresford, and other species from Suffolk ; on behalf of Mr. E. Collier, of Manchester, Planorbis dilatatus from canal at Reddish, and P. sfzrorbis, curiously distorted, from a ditch at Rusholme ; and a collection of Zzmncea peregra sent by Mr. R. D. Darbishire, from various Swiss and Italian localities, and Parmacella Valenciennestt from Gibraltar. Meeting HELD FEBRUARY 3RD, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. The following gentlemen were elected members of the Society :—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., St. Olave’s Vicarage, York ; Mr. S. W. North, 84, Micklegate, York; Mr. Alfred Brown, 7, Bowmont Terrace, Glasgow ; Lieut.-Col. G. S. Parry, 48, Duke Street, St. James’, London, S.W.; Mr. Thos. Wm. Reader, 171, Hemingsford Road, Barnsbury, London, N.; Mr. A. H. L. Newstead, Roseacre, Epping; Mr. Francis R. Fitzgerald, Clifford House, Harrogate; Rev. James E. Somerville, M.A., B.D., 11, Southpark Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow. The following gentlemen were nominated for membership : Mr. Jas. T. Marshall, Torquay ; Mr. Chas. Oldham, Sale; Mr. J. A. Hargreaves, Shipley ; and Mr. Clement H. Pierson, Leeds. Correspondence from members and societies was brought before the meeting. The President announced that the gentle- men elected at the annual meeting, as the Society’s referees J.C., v., July, 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 203 on Land and Freshwater and Exotic Mollusca, had consented to act on those committees, The following printed circulars from the Royal Society of New South Wales were laid on the table :— 1.—A report of a “Preliminary meeting of the Australasian Societies for the formation of the proposed Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science,” held at the house of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney, on Wednesday, toth November, 1886. At this meeting, which appears to have been thoroughly representative, it was resolved that such an association should be formed. The rules of the “ British Associa- tion” were adopted provisionally until the first meeting of the new association, which it is intended to hold in 1888, the centennial anniversary of the foundation of the Australian Colonies. 2.—A list of subjects on which the Royal Society invite original research or observation, and offer the Society’s medal and money prizes to the best communication on each subject, providing it is of sufficient merit. DONATIONS. “Bulletin of the Brookville Natural History Society,” No. 2.—From the Society. “ Societatum Littere,” January, 1887, No. 1.—The Editor. PAPERS READ. “Description of Terebratula papillosa,” by Mr. J. T. Marshall. “Note on Scalaria pseudoscalaris,” Broc., by Mr. J. T. Marshall. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Specimens of Zestacella scutulum from Guernsey, sent by Mr. Tomlin; specimens of Planorbis glaber, from the Isle of Bute, sent by Mr. T. Scott; a collection of Canadian shells, chiefly from Ontario, shown on behalf of Mr. L. B. Ross, of Driffield; a collection of Land and Freshwater shells from South 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. and West Lancashire, mainly from the vicinity of Preston, from Mr. W. H. Heathcote ; all the above were brought forward by the President, Mr. J. W. Taylor. Mr. W. E. Collinge showed specimens of small Zzmnea palustris from Bingley. Meeting HELD MARCH 3RD, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. The following were duly elected members of the Society :— Messrs. Jas. T. Marshall, Torquay ; Chas. Oldham, Sale; J. A. Hargreaves, Shipley ; and Clement H. Pierson, Leeds. The President announced that the gentlemen appointed as a committee of referees for British Marine Mollusca had in- timated their willingness to act. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— ‘‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society, N.S.W.,” vol. i., part 3 ; “Abstract of the Proc, of the icin) Soe.) NESW.” ston Oct., Nov., and Dec., 1886.—Presented by the Society. “Catalog der Familie Melaniade”; “ Exkursionen in Nordafrika”; ‘‘Die Wilhelmshavener Giftmuschel ”; and “Erste Nachtrag Nassauischen Mollusken”; presented by Dr. von Kobelt. — The following specimens presented by Mr. Wilfrid Bendall :— Flelix Preslitt Schmdt., Achenthal Tyrol; A. Fontenellii Mich., Gde Chartreuse (Istre); ZH. zucerta Drap., Pau (Bearn) ; 7. meda Porro., Malta; H. apicina Sk., Tangier; HT. cornea Drap., Bordeaux; . cariosula, Mich., Oran ; Zua folliculus Gron., Malta; Pomatias carthusianus Drap. —apricus, Mous., Gde Chartreuse; P. Mouletiana Drap., San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa; PP. seplemspirale Raz., Gde Chartreuse ; Szthinella Schmidtit var. bavarica, Bavarian J.C., v., July, 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 205 Alps; Claustlia oscitans Fér., Malta ; Cyclostoma melitensis Sby., Malta ; Pupa variabilis Drap., Uriage prés Grenoble ; P. avenacea Drap., Savoie ; Physa acuta Drap., Bordeaux ; Nanina vitrinoides, Calcutta; Limnea pinguis Dohrn., Colombo; ZL. ovals var. strigata Gy., Calcutta; AZelania lirata Bens., Calcutta; Asstminea francesie, Calcutta; A. conica, Calcutta ; Paludina bengalensts var. gigantea, Nepal Frontier ; Cerithidea fluviatilis Pot. & Mich., Madras ; Paludomus chilinotdes Rve., Kandy ; Corbicula subradiata, Ismailia ; Verita marmorata Rve., Suez ; Euchelus tricar- mmatus Sh., Madras; Patella rota Chem., Suez; Cerithium tuberosum, Suez; Rotella vestiaria, Madras ; JLittorina wndata Gray, Madras; Aelampus doliolum, Suez; Turbo elegans Phil, Madras; 7: coronatus, Aden; Purpura sacellum, Madras; Ranella olivator Meusch., Madras; Planaxis Savignyt, Aden ; Mactra olorina Phil., Ismailia ; Lithophaga Hlanleyana Desh., Suez; Mytilus vartabilis Kien., Suez ; JZ smaragdinus, Madras. PAPER READ. “The Marine Mollusca of Lyme Regis,” by Mr. J. W. Cundall. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The President had received numerous specimens from several members, which were now brought forward :—Mr. Heathcote, of Preston, sent examples of Zzmncea peregra from Herm; #ythinia tentaculata, curiously and extensively eroded, from Tarleton, South Lancashire ; Heltx hispida and var. albida from Penworthan; Cochlicopa lubrica var. hyalina from More- cambe;and others. A collection of shells, embracing some very interesting specimens, from the vicinity of Bradford, -and other places, from Mr. J. A. Hargreaves, Shipley. Mr. Poulton, of Oxford, sent a living specimen of Zestacella haliotidea, found in his garden a few days ago. Mr. C. H. Pierson showed Claustlia rugosa var. gracilior, found at Clapham. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting HELD APRIL 7TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. The following were duly nominated for membership :— Mr. F. B. Webb, Cheadle, Staffordshire; and Miss Honoria Galwey, Dublin. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— Sowerby’s ‘‘ Illustrated Index of British Shells.”—By Mr. G. B. Sowerby. “Annual Report of the New Cross Natural History Society.”— By Mr. A. J. Jenkins. “Smithsonian Report,” 1884, part 11.—-By the Trustees. “Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales,” vol. 19, 1885. Specimens of Limnea glabra, from Swillington Common.—By Mr. W. Nelson. A small collection of shells found about Dublin.—By Dr. R. Scharff. The thanks of the Society were accorded the donors for their generous gifts. PAPERS READ. “¢On the genus Cuma,” by the Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S. ‘“¢ Conchological Notes on a visit to Fifeshire,” by Mr. T. Scott. ““The Land Shells of Ilfracombe and Neighbourhood,” by Mr. [RS Be Lonalin: “ Note on Limnea Burnett,” by Mr. W. Nelson. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The following were shown by the President—On behalf of Mr. S. C. Cockerell specimens of Pészdium roseum and Vertigo antivertigo from Minster, near Sandwich, Kent ; for Mr. Wilfrid Bendall, a collection of Clausiliz from the Tyrol, Bavarian Alps, and Switzerland; for Mr. F. W. Wotton, of Cardiff, a J.C., v., July, 1887, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 207 collection of the shells of Brecon and Glamorgan,—this in- teresting series contained some specimens differing slightly from the ordinary varieties; for Mr. Quilter, a collection of shells from Evington, Leicestershire. Meeting HELD MAY 6TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. The following were duly elected.members of the Society : Mr. Frederick B. Webb, Cheadle, Staffordshire; Miss H. Galwey, Dublin. The under-named were duly nominated for membership : Mr. G. W. Mellors, Nottingham; Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, Cheadle, Staffordshire ; Mr. J. M. B. Taylor, Paisley ; Mr. S. M. "Luther, Garrettsville, Ohio. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The number of specimens exhibited was very large and varied, it included living examples of Zonztes Draparnaldt from Middlesex, sent by Mr. Fenn; a small collection of the shells of Merioneth from Mr. Ruddy, illustrating his paper in the April number of the ‘Journal of Conchology’; a number - of Slugs and Land and Freshwater Shells from Howth, near Dublin, and from Powerscourt Park, Co. Wicklow, sent by Dr. Scharff, of the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin ; examples of Bulimus montanus and other shells from Neufchatel, Switzer- land, collected by Mr. J. W. Wood, of Bedford ; a number of landshells collected a week ago at Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, by Mr.C. Ashford; and others; all brought forward by the President. Mr. C. H. Pierson showed examples of Zonttes cellarius, Z. nitidulus, Z. purus and var. margaritacea, Z. glaber, Azeca tridens and var. crystallinus, and Cochlicopa lubrica, collected at Addingham, on April 11th, 1887. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting HELD JUNE 2ND, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. G. W. Mellors, Sherwood Rise, Nottingham; Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, Rosehill, Cheadle; Mr. J. M. B. Taylor, Paisley ; and Mr. S. M. Luther, Garrettsville, Ohio ; were duly elected members of the Society. Mrs. A. M. Dyer, of Swansea, was nominated for membership. The President announced that nominations for the different offices of the Society for 1888 were now desired, namely, one President, four Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Secretary, Recorder, and six Members of Council. All nominations to be sent to the Secretary in time for insertion in the October issue of the ‘Journal of Conchology.’ DONATIONS. The following donations were brought before the meeting: “Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,” vol. 1., part 4.—By the Society. “On the varieties of the shells belonging to the Genus Nassa Lam.,” by F. P. Marrat.—Presented by Mr. B. Hudson. The following shells collected at Llwngwrl, near Barmouth :— felix caperata, H. rotundata, H. hispida, Zonites cellartus, Pupa umbilicata, Arion ater, A. Bourguignati, and Limax maximus.—By Mr. Wm. Cash, F.G.S. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The number of exhibits brought before the meeting was very large, and included from Mr. L. E. Adams fine example of Arion ater var. albolateralis, collected at Minsterly, Shrop- shire, and other species from the same locality ; from Dr. R. Scharff several specimens of Limax ctnereo-niger, collected at Derrygore, co. Tyrone, by Mr. W. F. de V. Kane ; examples of Planorbis lineatus, Valvata cristata, &c., from near Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, collected by Mr. J. B. Morgan; from Merioneth- J.C., v., July, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 209 shire, A. ater, A. Bourguignati, Limax maximus, L. arborum, &c., collected by Mr. T. Ruddy, and specimens of Avion Bour- guignatt from Mr. G. S. Tye, Handsworth, were shown. The President exhibited Helix rvotundata, Zonttes excavatus and Z. alliarius alive from Bramley Fall, near Leeds ; and on behalf of Mr. T. Scott, a collection of species of shells mainly collected from the shores of Loch Fad, Bute, a locality which has been reported as nearly destitute of molluscan life ; also for Mr. Chas Ashford, examples of Amalia gagates from Christ- church, Hants. Mr. C. H. Pierson showed Unio tumidus and Anodonta cygnea from the mud heaps on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kirkstall, and A. cygnea and var. rostrata from Roundhay Park, Leeds. > S00 ADDITIONAL NOTE ON THE GENUS CUA. By WILLIAM E. HOYLE, M.A. In the April number of this Journal, the Rev. A. H. Cooke published a valuable paper in which he discussed the various species of the genus Cuma. ‘The object of the present note is not to criticise any of his statements, but to show what follows as a further consequence of their acceptance. It appears from Mr. Cooke’s investigations that Humphrey [1797] cannot be regarded as the creator of the genus, but that this distinction belongs to Swainson [1840]. Between these two dates, how- ever, the name was given to a Crustacean by Milne-Edwards [Ann. Sci. Nat., xili., 1838] and this application obviously has priority over that of Swainson. It is therefore Mr. Cooke’s right to complete his revision by giving a new name to the group, and if he would at the same time give within the limits of a page a brief formal diagnosis of the genus and of the sufficiently characterised species with synonyms he would con- fer an additional boon on conchologists. 210 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NOTES ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF THE UPPER ENGADINE AND THE BREGAGLIA VALLEYS, EAST SWITZERLAND. By THE REV. S. SPENCER PEARCE, M.A. I have not been able to find much recorded about the mollusca of the Engadine Valleys. In the ‘ Journal of Con- chology’ for April, 1883, Mr. R. M. Christy, in a short paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Mollusca collected in Switzerland,” gives some interesting notices of different species, and amongst them he speaks of some twenty species which he took in the Upper Engadine Valley. A five weeks’ stay in this valley, at its southern end, on the summit.of the Maloja Pass, enabled me to explore much of the same region, as well as a large portion of that adjoining warmer valley—the Val Bregaglia, which extends due south from the Maloja Pass. Roughly speaking the ground I went over stretched twenty miles north and south, and comprised the valley of the Upper Engadine, from the Maloja Pass north- wards to St. Moritz village, and the Val Bregaglia from the Maloja Pass southwards as far as the villages of Promontogno and Bondo. The Maloja Pass—the steep descent from the Upper Engadine into the Val Bregaglia —thus formed the natural centre of one’s rambles. ‘The chief interest of this region lies in its great elevation above the sea. The average altitude of the valley of the Upper Engadine is 6000 feet ; St. Moritz, the highest village, is 6,090 feet above sea-level, while the head of the Maloja Pass is 5,941 feet. Lofty mountains, with snow-clad peaks rising to 10,000 feet, more or less, bound the valley on its eastern and western sides. J.C., v., July, 1887, PEARCE: MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. 211 From the Maloja Pass, which represents a sudden fall in elevation of not much less than 1000 feet, the Val Bregaglia is a continual descent southwards into Italy. Promontogno, about nine miles from the pass, the southernmost. village I reached in this valley, is only 2,687 feet above the sea. It is at this place that the Alpine pines, larches, &c., suddenly yield to the chesnuts and walnuts of a more southern vegetation. The rocks of these valleys are chiefly of crystalline lime- stone, gneiss, and mica-schist. Granite (or a granite-like rock), occurs at various points in the Engadine Valley. The altitudes given in the following notes are taken from Baedeker’s “ Switzer- land” (11th edition). All the species enumerated in this paper, excepting three slugs—the names of which have been bracketed in the list—have been examined by Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Taylor, of Leeds. My best thanks are due to them for having so kindly identified the more doubtful forms, as well as for favouring me with their notes on most of the species. Pisidium fontinale Drap.—Shallow ditches at Isola, Upper Engadine. 3 P. pusillum Gmelin.—Plentiful in the shallow pools and ditches by the Engadine lakes; also in a ditch above Maloja, near a farm, atthe height of about 6,500 ft. I did not take this and the preceding species together. Planorbis spirorbis Miiller.—Not uncommon in the Upper Engadine, in shallow sluggish water at Sils Maria, Baseglia, Isola, Maloja and Silvaplana. Limnzea peregra Miiller.—Abundant in the shallower waters of the Upper Engadine ; and also in the Bergel Valley. Not taken in the deeper water of the lakes proper. While varying considerably in form and size, the shells as a rule, are solid looking, dark in colour, and often much eroded. The following seem the chief variations :— (2). The type from both the Engadine and Bergel valleys. 212 PEARCE: MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. (6). A form with an elongate spire, especially abun- dant in the stream that connects the Silzer and Silvaplana Sees. Mr. Taylor thinks this probably the variety e/onga- tisstma Gredler. (c). Several specimens having small and very obese shells, taken in the Silvaplana and Campfer Sees. (d). A distortion apparently not uncommon in the Silzer, Silvaplana, and Campfer Sees. The ordinary shape of the last whorl is destroyed by the anterior portion being bent outwards from within, so that the shell has the appear- ance of a large Physa fontinalts. L.auricularia L.—Inthelargelakesof the Engadine. Evidently prefers deeper water than the other species, feeds wholly off the confervoid growth to be found on the rocks and stones. No ordinary aquatic plants flourish in the cold waters of the lakes themselves, but only in the side streams and ditches. The shell attains a large size and is generally eroded. L. auricularia var. angulata.—Mr. Taylor informs me that one specimen from the Silzer See belongs to this variety. L. truncatula Mill. — Plentiful in the Upper Engadine. Associated with Z. peregra. L. truncatula var. minor Jeff.—-Not at all plentiful. L. truncatula var. oblonga.—The more abundant form. [Arion sp. ? |.—A not uncommon brown chocolate slug, sometimes greyish, with two black stripes on back and shield, having the flanks and foot of a paler tinge; in size intermediate between Avion ater and A. hortensis. One individual occurred above 6,000 feet near Maloja, but far more frequent on and below the Pass. [Arion hortensis Fér.].—In the Upper Engadine; a few individuals of a small size taken at Sils Maria and Maloja at the roots of a Rwmex and other plants in damp spots. J.C., v., July, 1887. PEARCE: MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. 213 In the Bergel Valley at Casaccia and Promontogno they are more frequent and of the ordinary size. Amalia marginata Miill.—Plentiful at Promontogno and Bondo (2,600 ft.) in the Bergel Valley, but did not find it higher up. Limax agrestis L.—Rather plentiful in the Engadine, even as high as 7000 and 8000 feet. Taken frequently at these altitudes on the way to the Surlej Fuorcla over against Silvaplana, and by the track ieading to the Longhino See, west of Maloja. Specimens from these high places are very diminutive. Below the Maloja Pass and throughout the Bergel Valley it is very common and of the usual size. L. arborum Bouchard-Ch.—A single small darkish specimen occurred under a stone just above Promontoguo (2,700 ft.) in the Bergel Valley. [Limax —— sp. ?].—The mere record of a slug, a single specimen of which I found in a pine wood between Cas- accia and Vicosoprano, but unfortunately lost before all its characteristics could be noted. It was of the size of Z. agrestis, only more slender, of a uniform yellow colour with a transparent look about it, tentacles darkish brown ; quick in movement. Mr. Christy in his ist records an unidentified Limax from a pine wood near St. Moritz. Succinea putris L. var. parvula.—By the Silzer See near Maloja and Sils in the Engadine, and at Casaccia in the Bergel Valley. S. oblonga Drap.—Wet pasture land near Casaccia in the Bergel Valley. Vitrina pellucida Mill—One specimen, high up above Maloja, at about 7000 feet. V. elongata Drap.—Abundant in the Upper Engadine. It reaches a higher altitude than any other species, except perhaps Helix arbustorum. Often it is associated with Limax agrestis (the diminitive form), Zonites fulvus, Zua 214 PEARCE : MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. lubrica, and Helix ruderata, more especially delighting in damp shady places by the side of the streams which tumble down the mountain sides, moistening everything near with spray. Zonites cellarius Mull.—Under stones near buildings. At Casaccia the specimens taken were small, but at Bondo and Promontogno larger than usual. Z. nitidulus Drap.—A single individual (dead) found with Z. cellarius at Casaccia. Z. petronella Charp.—Plentiful in the Engadine and Bergel valleys ; most frequent between 6,500 feet and 5000 feet. It is a beautiful little shell. Z. fulvus Miull.—A plentiful Alpine species, reaching toa great height (8000 feet circa) and affecting damp places. Helix pomatia L.—In the Bergel Valley. The highest point it reaches to is the base of the zig-zag roadway descent just above Vicosoprano; below that spot it is plentiful among the loose stone walls. H. pomatia var. brunnea.—The commonest form. The brown colour well diffused over the shell. H. pomatia var. albida.—A single specimen near Borgo- nuovo. H. arbustorum L.—Plentiful; found ata great elevation on the Engadine mountains. The variety pallida of the ordinary size was brought to me having been taken at a point above 8000 feet, to the east of Maloja. Individuals were very numerous in the Bergel Valley. Especially shall I ever remember the very great abundance of this species in the alder groves beside the Maira River near to Vicosoprano ; it was impossible -to avoid crushing very many as one walked, they were as plentiful as elex virgata is with us on the chalk downs of England. Those from the Bergel Valley differ from the Engadine ones in having thinner shells, but more colour. J.C., v., July, 1887. PEARCE : MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. 215 Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Taylor have kindly pointed out the following variations :— H. arbustorum var. flavescens Jeff.—Maloja Pass and Vicosoprano. H. arbustorum var. marmorata Rofficen.—Vicosoprano. H. arbustorum var. pallida Taylor.—At base of Septimer Pass, and Vicosoprano; above Maloja at about 8000 feet, and Sils Maria, 6000 feet. H. arbustorum var. Poiretia Moq-landon.—Maloja Pass, a single specimen. Mr. Roebuck further gives me the note that one speci- men from Vicosoprano agrees with the variety ¢cterina Rossm. except that the markings are yellow instead of grey. H. zonata Studer.—Under stones in the Bergel Valley. The highest altitude reached by this species coincides with that of Helix pomatia, viz., the top of a zig-zag roadway just above Vicosoprano (3,600 ft.). Dead specimens far more abundant than live ones. Mr. Edgar Smith, of the British Museum, kindly assisted me in identifying my specimens. There are three examples of this species in the national collection labelled “ Europe.” H. hispida L. — Plentiful in the Bergel Valley, from the base of the Maloja Pass southwards as far as just above Vicosoprano, below which village I did not find it. H. ruderata Studer. — Plentiful, though somewhat local. In the Engadine it reached certainly as high as 7000 ft. on the eastern side of Maloja; also found on the Maloja Pass and down the Bergel Valley, as far south as the zig-zag above Vicosoprano. ‘The clear hyaline variety frequent. H. rupestris Drap.—Plentiful in the Engadine, as high as 7000 feet at least. Also occurred in the Bergel Valley. Mr. Taylor informs me that while the Engadine forms have a moderately produced spire, those from the Bergel Valley belong mainly to the form that M. Bourguignat considers characteristic of south of Europe. 216 PEARCE : MOLLUSCA OF EAST SWITZERLAND. H. pygmeea Drap.—Among moss and damp stones with Ver- tigo pygm@a, near Maloja (6000 feet), also at Casaccia in the Bergel Valley. This species is commoner than is generally supposed. ' H. pulchella var. costata Miiller.—In the Bergel Valley from Casaccia southward. H. obvoluta Miiller.— Not uncommon. Occurred on the Maloja Pass, and at different points throughout the Bergel Valley. H. holoserica Studer.—Under large stones within the ruined walls of the very interesting old Gothic church above Casaccia. Only a few specimens taken. Pupa marginata Drap. — On rocks at Sils Maria in the Engadine (6,100 ft.), associated with H. supestris. In the Bergel Valley plentiful, especially about Casaccia and along roadside to Vicosoprano. P. marginata var. albina Menke.—On ruined wall of old Gothic church, Casaccia. Vertigo pygmea Drap. var. athesina.—Several in damp moss by stream on east side of the Maloja lake (6000 ft.). V. edentula Drap.—Plentiful in the Engadine at the roots of grass, and especially Saxifraga atzoides by the side of mountain streams. It extended above 7000 feet. V. edentula var. columella Von Martens.—A few specimens after a diligent search among the loose stones and rubble in the nave and chancel of the ruined church near Casaccia. The typical form not taken with the variety. Balea sp. 2—A solitary fragment of a Balea (probably perversa) found under a large stone in the Fedoz Valley, in the Upper Engadine, at a spot about 7000 ft., and not very far from the glacier of that name. Clausilia plicatula Drap.—Has a somewhat limited range in the Bergel Valley. Abundant near Casaccia, especially so about the ruins of the old Gothic church, and extending thence as far as the zig-zag in the-road above Vicosoprano. J.C., v., July, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 217 Cochlicopa lubrica Miiller.—Plentiful in damp places. In the Engadine it is of the usual size, even high up on the mountains above 7000 ft. Just as plentiful in the Bergel Valley. A small form also occurred at Stampa, Vico- soprano, and Promontogno. Carychium minimum Miiller.—At roots of grass by the mountain streams about Maloja, 6000 ft. ; also at Casaccia in the Bergel Valley. Beyond noticing the great altitudes at which most of the above thirty-seven species were taken, it is of interest to realise how many of these Alpine forms are the same as our English species. While thirty-one agree exactly with English species, and five others—V7tvina elongata, Zonites petronelia, Helix ruderata, H. holoserica, and Clausilia plicatula, are closely allied to English forms, only one, Helix zonata Studer is southern and un-English. Further, of the species mentioned by Mr. Christy in his paper as found at the St. Moritz end of the Engadine Valley, all (except two forms, viz., lanorbis contortus and Succinea elegans) are found at the Maloja end as well, together with several additional kinds not recorded by that writer. Occurrence of Planorbis lineatus in Montgomery- shire.—It may interest some of your readers to know that Planorbis lineatus has been discovered in this county. In the beginning of May last, I was fortunate enough to find several specimens of this elegant little Planorbis, in a pool of stagnant water in a field near the Welshpool Railway Station. The pond is very small in size, its original dimensions having been greatly curtailed by an accumulation of mud, which occupies the greater portion of it. Specimens of the Planorbis are not at all scarce, and are associated with Spherium corneum, Bythinia tentaculata, Limnea peregra, Succinea elegans, &c. Mr. Wotton has al- ready recorded the occurrence of P. /éneatus at Cardiff, and these two localities are, I believe, the only places in the Principality where it is knownto occur.—J. BICKERTON MorGaN. 218 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON PLANORBIS DILATATUS, P. GLABER, AND SPHAZFRIUM OVALE. By THOS. ROGERS. (Read before the Conchological Society.) In the summer of 1869 the American mollusk Planorbis dtlatatus was discovered ina canal on the west side of Man- chester, and in the autumn of the same year it was found in another canal on the east side of Manchester—the two localities being about five miles apart. In March of this year I sent some of these specimens to Mr. Bates, of Burnley, and he im- mediately wrote to say that he identified them with some shells that he had collected in a water lodge at Burnley, and sent a number for my inspection. The theory set up by Dr. Jeffreys and myself, after examining both the Manchester localities, was that it had been introduced by means of American cotton, as a good deal of the refuse from the cotton cleaning machines of the mills found its way into the canal where the shells were found. JI, myself, went a little further with this theory, and sur- mised that the mollusk had been introduced during the cotton famine, occasioned by the war of secession, and that the intro- duction into these two localities were distinct and separate introductions. A few years after its discovery in Manchester, and when the canal was run dry for repairs, I saw in it count- less numbers on the sides of the canal, extending about a mile from where it was first found, and I ventured to predict at that timé that it would ultimately become a very common species ; but unfortunately, nearly all these vast numbers were killed by the men who “ re-pointed ” the joints of the bricks of the canal waterway with mortar containing a good quantity of lime. It is interesting to know that after a lapse of eighteen years the mollusk has again been found abundantly at Burnley, and it is also interesting to enquire if the theory first set up still holds good. From enquiries I have made relative to the environment of the lodge in which it is found and the habitat in which it J.C., v., July, 1887. ROGERS: ON PLANORBIS DILATATUS, ETC. 219 lives at Burnley, the argument is not conclusive. At the time of its discovery at Burnley I enquired if there was a canal, and, if so, were there any spinning mills ; the answer was that there was a canal about a furlong off and there had been a mill, but it had been burned down. I suggested, too, at the time, that the canal in the vicinity of a cotton mill, on or near its banks, should be examined, and a few days ago I received a letter from Mr. Bates announcing that they had found it in thousands near a cotton mill on the canal banks, but I do not know all the particulars of this locality. It is rather singular that in all the localities, both at Burnley and Manchester, that there are three identical associations. First, that itis found amongst a green algze, which I take to be the same species in each case. Second, that there is an abundance of a form of Plumatella repens, which Prof. Allman describes as a somewhat unusual form, and that it is found in water artificially higher in temperature through the discharge of water from condensing engines. I expressed my opinion to Dr. Jeffreys at the time it was first found, that the Planorbis lived upon the decaying substance of this Plumatella and other Hydroid Zoophytes. Mr. Bates also in- forms me that Mr. Long discovered Planorbis glaber along with P. dilatatus in the same water lodge at Burnley—might we not ask ourselves, although P. g/aver is a well established British species, whether the form of P. glaber found along with the P. dilatatus may not be introduced American P. parvus? May I say, in conclusion, that many persons express a doubt that the vitality of the Planorbis would not sustain it during a voy- age from America to England, and the subsequent passage through a blowing machine. Dr. Jeffreys expressed himself that it was no difficulty with him to accept this part of the theory, and from examinations made of the waste from cotton blowing machines by myself, I can readily believe that the shells could pass through undamaged. I think too that this last Burnley habitat is a direct American introduction, about the same time as the introduction in Manchester. 220 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. There is another curious coincidence in reference to Amer- ican shells, Spherium ovale is considered by some conchologists (Dr. Jeffreys amongst the number, I. think) to be equal to S. transversum of the United States, and S. ova/e is found in the same canal that P dlatatus was first found. It is also found in the same canal where it was found in the second instance, and Mr. Bates reports that dead shells are found in the canal at Burnley where P. dz/atatus is found. The 'S. ovale about Manchester seems to be dying out, owing to greater pollution of the canals ; this may also be the case at Burnley. —_>——=2 + << _ A Dextrai Physa fontinalis.—While collectlng on June 8th, at Barnes Common, Hammersmith, I took a good quantity of Physa fontinalis out of the brook, and among these was a dextral one. The mouth in this last was a more elongated-oval than what we find in the type generally—an errant-knight from the conventionalities of an otherwise sinistral genus.—J. W. WiLuiAMs, D.Sc., June roth, 1887. Discovery of Clausilia Rolphii in North Lincoln- shire.—Mr. H. Wallis Kew, who is engaged in working out the molluscan fauna of Lincolnshire, recently sent me amongst other interesting species, three specimens of this uncommon shell. Two of the specimens were found on the 7th of May at Haugham-pasture and Maltby Wood respectively, and the third on the 4th of present month at Grisel Bottom, Burwell Woods. ‘These three localities are old oak woods—Haugham- pasture is really an oak wood, its local name is misleading—and though not very close together are all in the same neighbour- hood, and are situate on the eastern flank of the wolds ; in some parts the chalk is slightly covered with clay, but it is interesting to note that all three shells are from the same long post-glacial ravine, where the surface 1s chalk. Its occurence so far re- moved from its previously known area of distribution is of the greatest interest.—JNo. W. TayLor, June 16th, 1887. J.C., v., July, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 221 ADDITIONAL NOTE ON PLANORBIS DILATATUS AND PLANORBIS GLABER AT BURNLEY. By J. BATES. Mr. F. C. Long and myself for the first time took Planorbis dilatatus in June, 1886, amongst some Valvata piscinalis, in the Paper Works lodge, Burnley. This lodge has no connection whatever with any cotton-blowing machinery, the nearest cotton- blowing room being near half-a-mile distant, and in the canal near this mill I could find no trace whatever of P. dlatatus. On July 5th, 1887, Mr. Long found it in thousands in the canal opposite Temple’s factory, where the cotton refuse is blown into the canal, they were found along the canal for over a mile in the direction of Hapton, but were most plentiful opposite the mill. The specimens are not so fine as those from the Paper Mill lodge. Our first idea was that the warm water had some- thing to do with the lodge specimens being so large, but the canal specimens are very much smaller although the water ts very much warmer. In both localities they are found upon a kind of Algee. Mr. Long also found P. glaver in June, 1886, at the Paper Mill lodge, and has since also found one specimen in the canal by the new bridge at Gannow, near ‘Temple’s factory. —_—_$-6-¢—___ NOTES ON THE EPIDERMIS OR PERIOSTRACON OF MOLLUSCA. By G. SHERRIFF TYE. (Read before the Conchological Society). All molluscous shells, at some period of their growth, have an outer coat of animal matter which is formed and deposited by the margin (collar) of the mantle, the shelly matter being de- posited by the mantle itself, of which indeed it was once a part as membrane or cellular structure, the cavities of which having 222 TYE : NOTES ON THE EPIDERMIS OF MOLLUSCA. been filled up with carbonate of lime are thrown off layer after layer in the form of a symmetrical (in some cases the grotesque) ‘shell. A shell being broken in any part remote from the mouth is . repaired with shelly matter secreted by the vésceva/ mantle, but without an epidermis ; but if broken at the margin, it is repaired with its epidermal covering, the collar of the mantle (the front edge) alone having the power to produce epidermis which is formed over the shell deposit in all cases where the mollusc can withdraw itself sufficiently into its shell to bring the front edge of the mantle into play in repairing the fracture. The epidermis is formed in advance of (i.e. before) the shell, the latter being added as an inner coating ; this may well be seen in Helix aspersa and in the Unionide during their periods of growth. ‘The epidermis will be found as a chitinous fringe or collar round the mouth of the gasteropod in advance of any car- bonate of lime. This covering is in many cases, to a large extent indestructible as is shewn by its presence upon fossil shells of the glacial epoch, e.g. Cyprina tslandica, Saxicava norvegica, &c. Its office is to preserve the shell against the action of eroding agents. “It has life but not sensation, like the human scarf skin.” If a shell be dissolved in a solution of hydrochloric acid it leaves behind it a chitinous skeleton (Claus:lia rugosa shews it well). The shell is probably connected in some way with its chitinous envelope by minute channels which serve to keep it “alive” although shells may lose it without materially shortening their period of existence. It varies much in thickness in different species, in some cases being easily rubbed off, in others destroyed by atmospheric action or water e.g. Helix virgata, Neritina fluviatilis. In some species it is present only in the young state, being afterwards lost as in O//vaand Cyra the shells being polished by folds of the mantle. J.C., v., July, 1887. TYE : NOTES ON THE EPIDERMIS OF MOLLUSCA. 223 The colouring of the Unzonide is due to the epidermis. It varies in texture and pattern in different genera and species, being sometimes studded with barbed blades as in Mytilus barbatus and M. modiolus. In Buccinum, Fusus, Triton, . and others it consists of a complete network of short blades. Some species have a roughened or hispid epidermis before birth and retain that appearance for a short time only, losing it as they grow older. Several of our species of Planorbis shew this. Planorbis albus var. Draparnaldi has from 45 to 50 ridges extending round the whorl, each of which bear close rows of three bristles each on a ridge or wrinkle of the epidermis. Planorbis contortus and P. corneus are both beautiful micros- copical objects when newly hatched out. Both our English species of Paludina are hispid when born, P. contecta having the longest hairs. Beautiful examples of the hispid periostracon are to be found in the genus Helix, the species bearing it are widely distributed. I am familiar with many from Europe, Asia, America, and Australia. It occurs in every stage of development roughened, dotted with points or incipient hairs, to frills of long hairs or bristles, plaited (H. /amellata) or in a lovely coronet of spines (7. aculeata). It is noticeable that all our hispid Helices spend their life in damp places, hence none of them are brilliantly painted, but like the human sojourner in mental or material darkness shew few of the attractive attributes of light. Beautifully coloured Helicidz are destitute of hairs. It is worthy of note that so far as I have observed the more globose (hispid) species of this family have the shortest and stoutest hairs, the flatter-spired ones the longest. These hairs possess the property of becoming erect when brought into contact with moisture, no matter how pressed down they are—and they are apt to become so during seasons of rest—so soon as they are damped they immediately form a per- fect cheveaux-deSrise. 224 TYE: NOTES ON THE EPIDERMIS OF MOLLUSCA, I subjoin a list of such species of Helix as I know have a hispid epidermis, with their place of habitat :— Hf. edvardst FT, rufescens (when young | », labrosa United », hispida | », hornit States 5» Concinna Britain ss leat y» SerLLEA » tafurcata ,, revelata | », loricata ~ California 5, JuUsca | », Columbiana { », obvoluta FES eee Central - : » ghetsbrightit 5 personata | America ,, lefeburiana », eldegantissima 5 China », setosa Cen » Aartmant » angigyra Be . {7 soe S tinent », mackensiz », conspurcata ) Formosa », eyclolabris 5 LEE Molluccas » pellita J ,, tagalensis Phillipines oe ogi. United 5 ne oe ,, larbigera Sines ,, hombront iji Isles », Airsuta There is a field of interesting research for conchologists in trying to work out the cause and uses of this peculiar structure; why molluscs having a hispid coat should be sombre coloured, shy and retiring in habit, unlike their more brilliantly coloured brethren. As the smooth epidermis serves as a protective coat for the shell, there would seem to be a further use fora hairy one other than merely as a conserving agent against erosion. Fflelix sericea has a habit of creeping over leaves in damp weather and of dropping immediately it perceives the proximity of danger, the slightest touch is sufficient to cause it to loose its hold, and so silent is the fall, broken by its springy coating of hairs, that even though it be from a considerable height, it 1s not heard, and it receives no hurt however far it falls. ‘This habit is shared by #. A7zspzda in a less degree. The hairs may be irritating to creatures apt to prey upon snails—birds or frogs? It is most perfect and in finest condition during those periods in which the creatures possessing it are most active, for the hairs being hygrostatic then become erect. J.C., v., July, 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 225 Probably all molluscs have some protective peculiarity. The Zonites having a thin glossy shell inhabit dark places, under stones, &c., and have more or less an alliaceous odour and pro- bably a nauseous taste. The larger Helices which creep about boldly have a thick strong shell requiring (as the Thrushes know) hard rapping on a stone to break it. It isa significant fact that many species (I believe observation will elicit a great number) have a hairy epidermis when newly born, and this points to some protective capacity. Mr. Jeffery quotes the case of H. Cantiana as observed by Mr. Adams, (J. C., No. 1, vol. v, p. 24), few would expect to find a trace of hairs on such a shell, yet it is seen in the young. It is only fair to say that the original notes (here slightly extended) were written for the conchological section of the Birmingham Nat. His. and Microscopical Socy., in 1874. Isent them—with all the drawings I made to illustrate them—to Mr. . Jeffery, when I saw his paper (J. C., No. 1, vol. v., p. 17), which adds to our knowledge by shewing the method of production of the hairs. My notes were afterwards (at his request) sent to Mr. J. W. Taylor, hence they are honoured—as I think above their deserts—by being here. If there should be anything in them which awakes a desire in my fellow workers for further observation upon the same line, I shall be the first to avail my- self of it, feeling sure that I have much yet to learn. ie Helix arbustorum monst. sinistrorsum in Derby- shire.—Early in August Mr. C. Oldham sent me a fine speci- men of this rare form, which he had found on nettles by the roadside, at Ashwood Dale, near Buxton, on August 1st. The specimen belongs to the var. /éavescens, in this respect differing from the only other example I know of, which was of the normal colouring, and figured by Ferussac as monst. a, on pl. xxix. of his great work.—Jno. W. TayLor, Sept. 29th, 1887. P 226 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NOTE ON THE PEARLY WAUTIZLUS. By EDGAR A. SMITH, F.Z.S. Zoological Department, British Museum. A specimen of Wautilus pompilius, captured at Port Blair, Andaman Islands, has recently been presented to the British Museum, by Mrs. E. Kenny, who has given the following account of its movements during captivity :— ‘““Tt was caught at the surface, near the anchor-cable of H.M.S. ‘Osprey,’ in this harbour, in a fairly rough sea. The shell, when brought to me yesterday with the fish in it, appeared chipped and broken at the edge, from contact with the chain cable. I at once placed it in a bucket of salt water (it had not been out of its element more than half an hour), and the fish seemed to begin to-breathe strongly. The rough, skin-like covering to the mouth [the hood] of the shell appeared to rise, and on each side of it the gills commenced to work in regular pulsations. At the same time the tentacles wére protruded in front, and gas or air was expelled, bubbling up at the surface of the water at regular intervals. The whole creature seemed to expand and grow looser, until quite suddenly it became detached from its shell entirely, and lay breathing or working, at the bottom of the bucket. I may remark that once out of its shell, the fish showed no apparent desire to re-enter it. In the empty shell were then seen a few small tad-pole-like creatures, very active in their movements, whether parasites or not I do not know. These were washed off into a glass jar with rum, and the fish was then put into the same jar.” Unfortunately the specimen was placed in fresh spirit before the above notes were read, the so-called parasites being thus unconciously thrown away with the discoloured spirit. This is much to be regretted, for doubtless these animals, if really parasites, would have proved of very great interest, as no parasite is as yet known in connection with the Mawéilus. It seems J.C., v., Oct., 1887, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 227 possible that the irritation created by these creatures may have been the cause of the /Vauti/us quitting its shell. If so, it tends to show that the animal possesses the power of suddenly detach- ing the shell-muscle from the shell. This is not surprising when the feebleness of the scar and the fact that a thin transparent membrane is secreted between the muscle and the scar upon the shell are taken into consideration. The muscle evidently has such a slight hold on the shell that a very small effort of contraction would release it. If the theory be correct that the LVautilus moves forward a certain space to form a fresh chamber, relaxing its hold on the shell by the lateral muscles of attach- ment, were there not some means of holding on there would be considerable risk of the shell falling away from its inhabitant. The siphon then, as suggested by Reeve, may be the means by which the shell is held in position during that process. It might be stretched the required length, or if moveable within the siphonal tube it might be pulled forward the length of the compartment, to be parted off by a new septum, and still leave sufficient in the old siphonal tube to hold the shell from slipping away. When the specimen observed by Mrs. Kenny quitted its shell, it appears to have snapped the siphonal membrane, for only about half an inch is still attached to the body. SOO Abnormal Helix aspersa.—I was much surprised when dissecting a specimen of Helix aspersa, a few days ago, to find that it was without a mandible, and had only an exceed- ingly small portion of the lingual ribbon. Where the mandible should have been there was a hard muscular band, about the length of the mandible but much broader, giving the animal the appearance of one with its mouth wide open. With the exception of a very narrow strip of chitin, the floor of the mouth was covered with the usual cartilaginous cushion, such as the ribbon usually lies upon. The specimen was one which I had had in confinement for some four years or so, and was full-grown when I collected it.—W, E. CoLiincez, Leeds. 228 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES. By THOS. SCOTT. (Read before the Conchological Society). During last summer I happened to come across the nests of several land molluscs, and the following are some jottings from my note book concerning them :— Helix aspersa. Seven nests of this species were observed—the first was found on the 17th June, and contained fifty-one eggs. Between the 21st and 26th of the same month, three more were observed; they contained respectively, forty-three, forty, and sixty-nine eggs. Three more were observed on July the 16th, and contained—one seventy-three, one seventy-seven, and the other ninety-six eggs. The eggs were, without excep- tion, deposited in little hollows, such as would be made were a boy’s marble pushed into the soil till about level with the surface and then withdrawn. These little hollows were gener- ally made by the mollusc at the roots of grass, and the eggs, after being deposited, were covered with a thin layer of earth, so that to find them, a careful and judicious search required to be made. According to Dr. Jeffreys,* Bouchard-Chantereaux “has often counted from roo to 110 eggs, which had been laid by a single individual,” so that in only one instance do the numbers observed by me, approach near to those given on the authority of Bouchard-Chantereaux. The eggs had a tough membranaceous covering, so that though one happened to fall, it sustained little or no injury. The average size of the eggs, as far as I could make out, was 4°25 x 4 millimetres, In one nest the development had proceeded so far that the b * « British Conchology,” vol. i, p. 183. J.C., v., Oct., 1887, SCOTT : CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES. 229 embryo shells occupied nearly the whole interior of the egg. The shells had fully one and a half whorls, and measured fully four mill. in breadth, by three mill. in altitude, and were of a pale cream colour. H. nemoralis. On June 17th I collected a few molluscs of this species, and by the following morning one of them had deposited a cluster of eggs in the bottle in which they were confined. Though I kept them for some days longer, no more eggs were deposited. There were sixteen eggs in the cluster, and the outside skin, unlike that of the eggs of A. aspersa, was cal- careous, hard, and brittle ; they were pure white, and measured 3.x 24mill. In fact they looked very much like miniature eggs of the domestic fowl. Arion ater and Limax agrestis. On the 22nd of August I observed the nests of one Avion ater and five Limax agrestis. That of Avion contained thirty- six eggs, those of Zzmax twenty, twenty, twelve, seventeen, and nineteen eggs respectively. They were not deposited in hollows as were those of H. asfersa, but were in clusters under stones. They were of a pale blueish-white colour. Their outside coating was a thin semi-transparent membrane. I find I have no measurement of these. Limax flavus. I had no opportunity for watching the development of the eggs in any of the preceding cases, but with regard to Z. flavus, I am able, from a series of observations made by my son, Andrew Scott, to give a few details bearing on this point. At a place in Greenock, where Z. flavus is of frequent occurrence, my son noticed on the 15th of September last year, that three clusters of eggs had been deposited on the under side of a log of wood. ‘They had been deposited within the preced- 230 SCOTT : CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES. ing two, or at most three days at which time the log was last examined. There were seven eggs in one, eleven in another, and sixteen in the third cluster. They were almost transparent, pale whitish in colour, and of large size, measuring from 64 x 5 to 8 x 54 mill. Though we are not certain that these three clusters were deposited by separate individuals, yet taking into account the size of the eggs, and that the under side of the log referred to was frequented by eight, ten, and some- times thirteen individuals of Z. flavus at one time, it is quite probable that the three clusters were deposited by different molluscs. Between the 28th and 29th October, the embryo slugs began to break through their prison, and lead a free and independent existence, so that from the time the eggs were laid till the young limaces were hatched, at least forty-five or forty.six days elapsed. From the time the eggs were observed till the young were hatched, frequent and regular observations were made as to temperature, state of the weather, &c. These showed a minimum temperature of 8° cent., maximum 15° cent., and an average of about 12° cent. (—53°6°F), and wet or showery days averaged fully 207. Among the adult Z. Zavus noticed by my son, was one of a much lighter colour than the others, this Mr. Denison Roebuck identified as var grisea. H. arbustorum—Shell growth. On the 24th of April last my son and I were taking a walk in the vicinity of Greenock, when he happened to observe a specimen of A. arbustorum, v. flavescens. On examining the specimen it seemed as if it had just begun to make an addition to its shell. We took it home and fed it on bits of cabbage leaves, turnips, &c., keeping it about the kitchen window, and allowing it as much freedom as possible. After feeding on the cabbage, &c., awhile, it would make its way direct as if it knew the road, and locate itself under the water-tap, where every now and again it would be subjected to a douche, which it seemed to J.C., v., Oct., 1887, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 231 enjoy very much. When first found there was about half a millimetre of new shell formed. By the end of the first week, thereafter, the new addition measured three millimetres ; by the end of the second week 6°25 millimetres; by the end of the third week r1‘5 millimetres, and by the 17th of May the mollusc had begun to form a lip, very little being thereafter added to the length of the new shell, for at the end of the fourth week, by which time the lip was well formed, the total growth measured 12°5 millimeters, so that only one millimeter of an addition had been made during that week. The new shell was much darker in colour than the rest, but was similar in the absence of any band ; the specimen thus formed a sort of link, joining v. favescens with v. marmorata. Possibly the difference in colour might be due to difference in the kind of food it had lived on. As long as the new growth was proceed- ing vigorously the mollusc fed greedily, but after the lip was fairly well formed this avidity for food ceased, and it would fix itself to some part about the window, and remain quiescent for a considerable period, ere showing an inclination to feed. I had begun to anticipate the securing of an interesting addition to my collection in this parti-coloured He/ix, when one day it was found on the floor crushed to pieces. One might introduce an “if” here, but after the accident has happened the “if” may as well be left out. I find that “ ifs” generally lead to either needless recriminations or regret, and are not philosophic. ——>-s +e Obituary.—Thomas Glover. Amongst the few men in Manchester, who took an interest in Conchology from the early part of the present century, must be mentioned the name of Mr. Thomas Glover, who died in August last at Southport, aged 92 years, having been born in Blackburn, in May, 1795. His father and mother died whilst he was yet a young man. When quite a little boy he evinced a great delight in collecting plants, shells, and insects, and the 232 OBITUARY: THOMAS GLOVER. experimental turn of mind, which was so prominent a feature in his later life, showed itself very early in his boyhood, from the fact of sowing comfits in a flower pot in the greenhouse, his father having laughingly persuaded him that he had shaken them from a comfit tree when he visited Manchester, so young Glover thought he would grow his own comfits. Mr. Glover was a cotton manufacturer until the advent of the power loom, when he gave the business up. He married somewhat early, and lived with his wife 67 years. He had an extensive botanical garden in the neighbourhood of Manches- ter, where he reared many new varieties of ferns and flowering plants. His collection of foreign shells was a large one, including importations from China, Philippine Island, South America, Tasmania, and New Zealand. His British shells were very fine, and collected for the most part by himself. His duplicates were very numerous, and with these he was ever ready to help young conchologists or old friends. He made numerous presentations of shells to the Manchester and South- port Museums. He rented a fishery in the West of Ireland for the purpose of experimenting with the Natural History of the Salmon. It was during this time that he brought away many shells from Ireland, both terrestial and marine. He first found in the foraminiferous sand of Dog’s Bay, Connemara, the beautiful semi-fossil shells of Helzx nemoralis,and his friends were always sure of a bag of this sand when he returned from Ire- land. It was extremely rich in foraminifera, which have been well worked out by Dr. Thos. Alcock. He also paid great attention to the shells of Southport ; and it was from this place that he colonised Manchester with Paludina contecta. About fifty or sixty years ago he placed 70 living specimens in the water- works reservoir, and some subsequently in the brickfield ponds, near his own house at Smedley, and it is from these specimens that Manchester has supplied so many fine specimens. He tried to establish a colony of Testacella in his garden at Smedley. When ona visit to his brother at Exeter he collected J.C., v., Oct., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 233 a large quantity of the Testacella, and “planted” them in his garden, but saw no more of them until a man reported he had found a snail with a shell on the end of its tail at Crumpsall, about a mile from his garden, and Mr. Glover concluded that this was one of the survivors of his Smedley colony. They have not been seen or heard of since, now more than 25 years ago. Mr. Glover was a correspondent of Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, a friend of all the old Naturalists, especially the botanist of the artisan class in the neighbourhood of Manchester. He was ever ready to give a plant or a shell, and a friendly welcome to visit his gardens, hot-houses, and ferneries. TORS A LIST OF MARINE SHELLS OBTAINED AT FILEY IN. AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1887. By REV. CARLETON GREENE, M.A. (Read before the Conchological Society). Having spent five weeks here, in the hope of finding out something about the Conchological interest of Filey Bay, as far as is possible in a mere summer holiday trip, I send you a few facts in case they may be of use to persons interested. (1.) List of shells found on the beach. (II.) List of those brought by fishermen from the Doggerbank and shown to me. (III.) Specimen (not British) procured from a fisherman, and stated to have come from the neighbourhood in the course of trawling. (L.) Cyprina islandica.—Very plentiful, and often alive towards Speeton. Lutraria elliptica.—Very plentiful, and often alive towards Speeton. 234 GREENE: MARINE SHELLS OBTAINED AT FILEY. Mactra stultorum.—Very common ; var. cinerea found. Venus striatula.—Very common. Psammobia ferroensis.— Uncommon. Donax anatinus.—Very common. Artemis lincta.—Rare. Solen siliqua.—Very common. Tellina tenuis.—Very common. Tellina solidula.—Not common. Cardium edule.—Not common. Mactra subtruncata.—Not common. Nucula nucleus.—One specimen. Patella vulgata.—Very common. Littorina littorea.—Very common. L. obtusata.—Common. . L. rudis.—Common. Rissoa ulva.—And some other species not fully identified. Purpura lapillus.—Very common. Mytilus edulis.—Very common. Murex erinaceus.—One specimen. Trochus cinereus.—Not very common. Natica catena.—Not common. Fusus antiquus.—Not common. F. propinquus (?).—One specimen. Buccinum undatum.—Not common. Anomia ephippium.—Rare. (GO) Modiola modiolus.—Very large. Pecten opercularis.—Fine and varied in colour. Natica alderi var. nitida. Natica catena. Pleurotoma turricula. Scalaria communis. . S. Turtonis.—One specimen. Turritella terebra. Cardium echinatum. J.C., v., Oct., 1887 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 235 Anomia ephippium. Aporrhais pes-pelecani.—Very good specimens. Littorina obtusata. Doggerbank shells may be had in the spring from Robert Morrison, the man on Filey Brigg. (III.) Crepidula.—Fine specimen. Brought by Stockdale fisher- man from some rocks in the neighbourhood ; locality un- certain. There are some in the Scarborough Museum, marked as found at Scarborough, but not native. ———===099000000s——-—____ NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF BITHINIA, SEGMENTINA AND FUSCS, AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WEZLANWNTA. By EDGAR A. SMITH, F.Z.S. Zoological Department, British Museum. In the list of Australian species of the genus Az¢thinza, which I published in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. xvi., 1881, pp. 266, 267, I omitted to mention B. victoria, described by Tennison-Woods.* This omission was the result of relying upon “the Zoological Record,” in which no mention was made of the publication of this species. The British Museum has recently received from Mr. John Brazier, of Sydney, two series of Bzthini@, the one from Eastern Creek, New South Wales, which he informs me consists of typical examples of his B. hyalina, the other from Parramatta Park, Parramatta, New South Wales, comprising specimens of the species described by Tryon, as Gaddta australis. On carefully comparing these two series I fail to discover any distinguishing features in the shells, and therefore unite them under the name of Bzthinia australis. * Trans. and Proc, Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1878, vol. xiv., p. 65. 236 SMITH : NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SHELLS. The generic division Gaééza, proposed by Tryon for this _ species, appears to be altogether unnecessary. The character upon which he founded the group was a supposed peculiarity in the operculum which he describest as ‘‘paucispiral, calcareous.” His own figure and the shells before me show that the operculum is wot paucispiral, but normally concentric, as in other species of Bzthinza. Such being the case, the genus Gabbia may be cast aside, but as the specific name imposed upon this species must, according to the laws of priority be retained, it becomes necessary to re-name the form from Victoria River, which I described as &. australis; this I would therefore propose should be called B. ¢ryonz. Messrs. Tate and Brazier, in their Check List of the Fresh- water Shells of Australia,{ have already recognised the inutility of the section Gadédza. Segmentina australiensis. A large series of specimens from Waterloo, Sydney, which I consider belong to this species, differ from the type in some respects. None of them are of so dark a colour, and not a single specimen has the internal lamelle nearly so strongly developed. Some have only two very small tubercles, one upon the upper and one upon the lower wall of the body-whorl ; others are entirely destitute of teeth of any description, and but very few exhibit the parietal lamella so conspicuous in the type. The greater or less development of these internal processes is probably regulated by age, so that in old shells they would more frequently be present, and more strongly developed than in younger specimens. In a second series from Bundaberg, Queensland—also presented to the Museum by Mr. Brazier—I cannot detect a single example with any indication of teeth, but in all other respects these shells agree exactly with those from Waterloo. + American Journ. Conch., 1865, vol. i., p. 220, pl. 22, f. 7, * Proc. Linn. Soc., New South Wales, 1882, vol. vi., p. 562. JG 5 wey Oct. LSST- SMITH : NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SHELLS. 237 The second Australian species of Segmentina, which I described as S. wictorie, is also characterised by the total absence of these internal processes, but, as shewn in the figure, it is somewhat different in having more tightly coiled whorls (vide 1. c., fig. 12), but to determine whether this is an individual rather than a specific character requires further material, for at present the species is known only by the unique specimen in the British Museum. Melania supralirata. Testa elongata, turrita, decollata, nigra, vel saturate olivacea ; anfractus persistentes 5 —6, superne constrict, inferne convext, prominentes, infra suturam sulcis duabus conspicuis spiralibus sculptt, undique minutissime transversim striati, lineisque increment. tenuibus decussatt, ultimus parvus, ad basim sulcis paucts sculptus ; apertura rotunde ovata, superne acuminata, antice acuminate effusa, intus sordide cerulea ; labrum tenue, superne late sinuatum ; columella arcuata, ceruleo-albida. Longit. anfract. sex 24 mill., diam. 9 ; apertura 7 longa, 5 lata. Hab.: Prince of Wales Island, Torres Straits. This species is remarkable for the shortness and peculiar shape of the whorls. They are slopingly contracted above, and bulging below the middle, somewhat as represented by Reeve’s figure of AZ, Wallace (‘ Conch. Icon.’ fig. 66). Besides the two grooves at the upper part of the whorls, others are sometimes more or less traceable over the rest of the surface. The ridge between the two sulci is in some specimens inclined to be nodulous. JZ Svoloensis is another species which has some affinity with the present ; in that, however, which is a smoother shell, the bulge or convexity of the volutions is higher up. From evidence afforded by some young specimens, the number of whorls in an adult shell, if not decollated, would be eleven. Fusus Pricei. Fusus corpulentus, Smith (non Conrad), “Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” May 1882, vol. ix. p. 344. 238 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Since describing this fine shell I have discovered that the specific name had been previously used by Conrad,* for a fossil species from Oregon, North America, but whether that form really belongs to Asus is very uncertain, for Mr. Dall,t of the Smithsonian Institution, observes respecting it :—‘‘ This con- sists of the zternal cast of a species of Mollusk, which may be a Pleurotoma, or almost anything else of a fusiform shape.” However, to prevent any further difficulty, I think it best to -re-name the living species, and have, therefore, associated with it the name of Mr. Charles Price, from whom the British Museum recently received two specimens of this species. These were collected either at Cleveland Bay, Queensland, or at Port Moresby, S.E. of New Guinea. The habitat of the type was unknown. Occurrence of Vertigo alpestris Alder in York- shire.—On May rst of the present year, Mr. H. T. Soppitt, of Bradford, was fortunate in adding this species to the Yorkshire list. The locality is the top of a mossy ivy-covered wall at Cottingley, near Bingley, where the shells are found attached to the dead leaves and stems of the ivy. There is a rich vegetable humus on thewall, into which the Vertigomay penetrate in dry weather. It appears to be quite gregarious in its habits, and in favourable weather four or five specimens may be had from a single handful of leaves. It is associated with Helix rufescens, Zonites crystallinus Vitrina pellucida and Clauszlia rugosa. ‘The vegetation on the wall consists of a few nettles, Arenaria trinervis, Saxifragatridactylitesand Polypodium vulgare. The altitude is about 300 feet, and the formation of the district millstone grit, with which stone the wall itself is built. Mr. J. A. Hargreaves first separated these specimens from V. pygmea, with which they were at first confounded.—JNo. W. TayLor, Oct. roth, 1387. * Geol. U.S. Explor. Exped., vol. x, p. 728, pl. 20, fig. 4. + Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1877, p- 3. J.C., v., Oct., 1887, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 239 HOW DOES A SNAIL CRAWL? By ROBERT F. SCHARFF, Ph.D., B.Sc. Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. I suppose Conchologists have oftentimes been puzzled by this question. Does a snail wriggle along the ground like a worm ora snake? If this were the case we should be able to see a series of wrinkles appearing upon the sole of the foot. Indeed if we allow a snail to crawl on an inverted sheet of glass, so as to enable us to look at it from underneath, we fancy to perceive a faint indication of these wrinkles in shape of a number of dark bands or waves travelling slowly from behind forward. The general notion is that the mechanism of locomotion in the snail is essentially the same as that in many footless larvee of insects, with the difference that the number of wave motions produced by the foot is much greater, and that the attachment of the sole to the foreign body is much firmer. As I said, the waves which we recognise on the sole seem to strengthen this view at first sight. However, if we examine the phenomenon more closely, we find that the foot of the snail is intimately attached to the glass and that the waves do not appear between the sole and the glass, but in reality inside the foot, producing no change of form on its surface. Hence we must look for another explanation. There can be no doubt that the locomotion of a snail, such as Helix aspersa, for instance, originates in the waves which we see gliding along the foot. The animal moves as long as the waves last. As soon as the play of waves disappears, the motion also ceases. In order to obtain an interpretation of the significance of these mysterious waves, a study of the anatomy of the foot is requisite. Simroth is the only Zoologist, to my knowledge, 240 SCHARFF; HOW DOES A SNAIL CRAWL? who has carefully investigated the course of the most intricate system of muscles in the snail. He found, in fact, that there is a net-work of muscles in the foot going in all directions. There are horizontal longitudinal and horizontal cross-fibres, vertical as well as horizontal and inclined oblique muscular fibres. After many experiments Dr. Simroth discovered that the horizontal longitudinal fibres brought about the movements of the foot. These are the extensile muscles. They produce the wave motion. By their action the sole of the foot is elongated in front, and shortly after it is shortened behind to the same extent. The effect of this is that a kind of sliding motion is produced. ‘This motion is materially assisted by the intercalation of a layer of mucus between the foot and the object on which the animal crawls. The fugitive snail’s course can always easily be tracked by the marks of slime left behind. Why should it leave this slime behind? Because the skin of the snail is so exceedingly sensitive, that the contact with a rough surface is apparently very repugnant to its tender feel- ings. It therefore provides itself with an abundant supply of mucus, which in the case of Helix aspersa, is furnished especi- ally by the large foot-gland, but to a minor extent also by the mucous glands. However, although this mode of locomotion may seem very pleasant, being at any rate quite unique among animals, the snail’s lot is not a happy one. When the locomotary muscles are once set a-going, the movement is automatic, that is to say the snail can neither increase nor slacken its pace, nor can it go backwards. In that respect it is like a watch which may be wound up and which we can stop at will, but we cannot force the wheels to change their rate of velocity. Hence when the snail is pursued by an enemy, it is unable to run away or rather slide away. The only possible manner to evade the enemy is to stop the motion of the foot and wind up another series of muscles by means of which the snail is enabled to retire within its shell. J.C., v., Oct., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 241 ON A NEW SPECIES OF SINISTRAL ZIMNAA, FROM CENTRAL AUSTRALIA, WITH SOME REMARKS ON SO-CALLED SPECIES OF PAYSA, ALSO FROM AUSTRALIA. By THE REV. A. H. COOKE, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Curator in Zoology, Cambridge. (Read before the Conchological Society.) Some years ago, ten or a dozen specimens of a fresh-water shell were sent from Australia to my friend, Mr. H. M. Gwatkin, of St. John’s College, Cambridge, the exact locality being given as “ Paroo Creek, River Darling, go miles north of Mount Murchison.” The shell was sinistral, the dentition Mr. Gwatkin at once determined to be that of a typical Lzmnea, such as our own stagnalis or peregra. Failing to find the species described in the Monographs, it occurred to me the other day to take specimens to the British Museum, to see if the shell were known there. I found that the species is probably new, but closely allied to two other sinistral species in the British Museum, both from Australia. These however, curiously enough, were described, and have always been regarded as Physa, not as Limnea. ‘They are :— 1. Physa Hainesii Tryon, Amer. Journ. of Conch., vol. Hig 04 Gy OE sth sts, Gp Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. xvi, On the Freshwater Shells of Australia, p. 281. Kiister, Mart. and Chem. Conch. Cab., Physa, nr. 252, p. 366, taf. 40, fig. 1. latilabiata Sowb., Conch. Icon., vol. xix., Physa, fig. 33, a. 0. Schayeri Troschel, Mus. Berolin. oy) 99 9 99 9) 9) 242 COOKE: ON AUSTRALIAN LIMN/EA. Locauity: Australia (W. Newcomb, M.D.), India? (W. A. Haines), Victoria R. and Depuch I., N. Australia (Smith). Described by Tryon as an /s?dova, which subgenus, how- ever, seems peculiar to Africa (see the monograph in Kister). 2. Physa Newcombi Ad. and Ang. P.Z.S., 1863, p. 416. of a Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. xvi, On the Freshwater Shells of Australia, p. 280. op FP Sowb., Conch. Icon., vol. xix., P/)'sa, fre v2n. Pa < Kiister, Mart. and Chem. Conch. Cab., Physa, nr. 131, p. 299, taf. 43, fig. 6. LocaLity: Ponds near Mount Margaret, Stuart’s Exped- ition (Angas). Type in Mus. Brit. There is no evidence, in the descriptions of these two shells, that their authors examined the animal. The shells being sinistral, and rather large and ventricose, it probably did not occur to them that they were anything else but Physa, or that it were possible, perhaps, for a species of Zzmncaa to be permanently reversed. Mr. Gwatkin’s examination of the animal of our shells was confined to the dentition, but was sufficient to establish beyond the possibility of a doubt that they were Zzmncea and not Physa. If, therefore, we find that on conchological grounds these two other species from the same part of Australia, hitherto described as Physa, approach very closely to ours, there are strong grounds for believing—in the absence of the certainty which an examination of the radula would afford—that they also are Zzmnea. In a question like this, an examination of the type speci- mens is the most convincing test that can be applied.* ‘The outer surface of the shell, in all these three species, is that of a *T will place the type specimen of the new species in the Mus. Brit. J.C., v., Oct., 1887. COOKE: ON AUSTRALIAN LIMNAZ. 243 Limnea and not of a Physa, a surface comparatively coarse and rough, with none of the polish and lustre which is seen on the shell of a Physa, and which is produced by the constant move- ment of the expanded mantle lobes which cover its outer surface. Add to this the exceeding deep suture, the gaping umbilicus, and the very strongly reflected columella. Smith, on “ Physa Newcombt,” remarks (ut supra), “the great development of the labium is very unusual in this genus.” Sinistral species of Zimnca exist, according to Tryon, “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” vol. iii., p. 101, in New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. He makes no mention of any in Australia. I will now describe the shell which appears to me a new species of Limnea. Limnzea physopsis n. sp., plate ii., figures 1—4. SHELL sinistral, very ventricose, solid, opaque, scarcely lustrous, horn colour, with bands of deeper colouring at the lines of growth, strongly striated lengthwise, with faint indica- tions of keels here and there on the last whorl; EpmErmtis thick; Wuorts 4, the last occupying nearly all the shell; Spire blunt and flattened; SUTURE very deep; MouTH very large, rotundate- oval; OUTER Lip rather strong, not reflected; INNER Lip strongly reflected on the columella; Umeiticus large and deep; length “75 inch, breadth °75 inch. HasitaT, Paroo Creek, River Darling, Australia. Type, in the British Museum. For purposes of comparison, I add (pl.ii., figs. 5, 6) drawings from photographs of the radula of Limna@a physopsis x 72, and of a typical Physa (acuta. Lam.) x 210. ————— >» =<» — 244 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CONUS, AND A NOTE ON A WHITE VARIETY OF. €, ZBOCRNETS: By SEDGART A. SSMERES) Es7.S- Zoological Department, British Museum. Conus milesi. Testa anguste fustformts, alba, maculis fuscis trregularibus longt- tudinalibus ornata, sulcis transversis angustis punctatis sculpta; sptra elongata, concava, alba, fusco maculata ; anfractus 10, supremi duo globost, levigatt, cetert superne declives, dein angulatt, ad angulum concinne coronati, supra sulcts sptralibus 1—2 arati; apertura angustissima, longit. tottus 3 fere equans ; labrum arcuatum, superne subprofunde stnuatum. Longit. 21 mill., lat. 74; apertura 13 longa, 14 lata. Hab. : Muscat, Arabia, 5—20 fathoms. This species is well distinguished by its fusiform shape, its coronate spire, the style of coloration, and the spiral grooves, which are about thirty in number on the body-whorl, and finely punctured or pitted. The figure of C. sca/arzs, on plate 88, in Kiener’s “Coquilles Vivantes,” gives a very fair idea of the form of the present species, which is, however, a trifle narrower at the shoulder. The mark- ings are disposed very much as in C. acutangulus, Kiener (1. c. plate 72, fig. 1, figure on right), but are in somewhat larger patches. The single specimen was presented to the British Museum, by Colonel J. B. Miles, with whose name I have associated the species. Conus eburneus var. The British Museum has recently obtained from Mr. Sowerby, a shell about an inch in length, which on exami- nation, I believe to be a variety of this common species. It is probably only about half-grown, and differs from the normal J.C., v., Oct., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 245 form in being destitute of the dark square spots so characteristic of the species. Upon the upper part of the spire this feature is represented however by the presence of three or four small pale spots, which are situated as usual near the outer edge, between the suture and the outer of the two spiral sulci which revolve up the spire. This is certainly not a bleached shell but a true albino variation. PROCEEDINGS or tHE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting HELD JULY 7TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. NEW MEMBER. Mrs. A. M. Dyer, of Swansea, was elected a member of the Society. DONATIONS. A collection of Land and Freshwater Shells were presented by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, and thanks unanimously voted for the valuable donation. PAPER READ. The President read a paper entitled “ Conchological Notes,” by Mr. T. Scott, in which the author gave details of the time of deposition of the eggs of several Gastropods, their number, and time of hatching. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. Scott sent for exhibition, in illustration of his paper, the eges of Helix nemoralis, H. aspersa, and Limax flavus. The Chairman also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Knight, living specimens of Bulimus montanus, from Callow, Somerset- shire; for Mr. Wallis Kew, examples of Clausilia rolphit, from the neighbourhood of Louth; on behalf of Mr. Alexander 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Shaw, a large collection of shells collected in the neighbourhood of Glasgow ; and for the Rev. S. Spencer Pearce, M.A., speci- mens of Helix lapicida, var. albina, from stone walls, near Wells. Mr. W. Nelson showed the following living mollusca on behalf of Mr. G. S. Tye—Z. undata, from Madeira; H. vermi- culata and B. decollata, from Malta; and H. aferta from Nice. Meeting HELD AUGUST 4TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, presided, and formally opened the meeting to receive nominations for new members. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. Joseph S. Galizia, of Valetta, Malta, was nominated for membership by Miss Fairbrass and Mr. Taylor. Mr. T. Mawson Harvard, of Leyland, near Preston, was nominated for membership by Messrs. C. Harvard Pierson and Robert Standen. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. A number of specimens were brought forward for exhibition, but further consideration of them was postponed until next meeting. Meeting HELD SEPTEMBER IST, 1887. Mr. W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S., Vice-President, presided. Minutes of the July and August meetings were read and confirmed. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. Joseph S. Galizia, of Malta, and Mr. T. Mawson Harvard, of Leyland, near Preston, were duly elected members of the Society. DONATIONS. “Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science,” 1887.—By the Institute. J.C., v., Oct., 1887. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 247 “« Smithsonian Report,” part 1, 1885.—By the Trustees. “‘ Proceedings of the I.innean Society of New South Wales,” vol. il., part 1.—By the Society. Succinea putris, from Niagara Fall, N. Y.; Helix pulchella, var. costata, Patula cooperi, P. striatella, Zonttes fulvus, Pupa sp.? from West Cliff, Colorado.—By Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell. Specimens of Leda pygmea (Minst.), Axtuus flexuosus (Mont.), A. croulinensis (Jeff.), A. ferruginosus (Forb.), Rissoa abyssttola (Forb.), &. zetlandica (Mont.), 2. vitrea (Mont.), Odostomia conotdea (Broc.), O. acicula (Phil.), var. ventricosa (Forb.), Pleurotoma brachystoma (Phil.), Cylichna nitidula (Lor.).—By Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc. The thanks of the Society were accorded the donors for their valuable gifts. PAPER READ. “Ona New Species of sinistral Limnzea from Central Australia, with some remarks on so-called species of Physa, also from Australia.”—Rey. A. H. Cooke; M.A., F.Z.S. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. W. Nelson showed examples of Planorbis albus, from near Harrogate, collected by Mr. F. R. Fitzgerald. These specimens measure nine millimetres, and are quite as large as those mentioned by Dr. Jeffreys, in his work on British Con- chology. Also Planorbis albus var. Draparnatldt, from Sandal, nine millimetres, and P. a/éus from Kibworth, Leicestershire (and not co. Durham, as quoted by Dr. Jeffreys), collected by Dr. Norman. Mr. J. W. Taylor showed a number of shells collected at Folkestone, and sent by Mr. Whitwell; also an example of a sinistral Zzincea from Brisbane, sent by the Rev. A. H. Cooke, with a description and photograph of the dentition. Mr. Taylor further exhibited a number of specimens of Helix arbustorum, sent by Mr. Charles Oldham, of Sale, Cheshire. ‘These included examples of the type, and the varieties a/pestris and flavescens— 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. a fine specimen of the latter being sinistral—from Buxton ; type shells from Marple, Cheshire; and specimens of JZ. rotundata var. alba. Correspondence from Messrs. Somerville, Duncan, Brazier, Galizia, Melvill, and Mrs. Dyer was brought before the meeting. Meeting HELD OCTOBER 6TH, 1887. The President, Mr. J. W. Taylor, in the chair. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and duly confirmed. NEW MEMBERS. Rev. Churchill Babington, D.D., V.P.R.S.L., F.L.S., &c., of Cockfield Rectory, Suffolk, proposed by Rev. Carleton Greene, M.A.; Mr. Thomas Hey, Bloomfield Street, Derby, proposed by Mr. J. A. Hargreaves. PAPER READ. A short account of the Marine Shells of Filey, collected during a few weeks stay in August and September, 1887, by Rey. Carleton Greene, M.A. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The President exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Brockton Tomlin, B.A., Pupa ringens, Z. purus, &c., from Amlwch, Isle of Anglesea, and B. acutus var. bizona from Guernsey. On behalf of William Whitwell, a large collection of Land and Freshwater shells from Margate, Folkestone, Minster, and other localities. Also a large number of shells from sand dredged from the Thames at Chelsea, including Pésédium henslowana, P. corneus, P. vortex, P. albus, &c. On behalf of Mr. W. H. Heathcote, specimens of Unio margaritifer, from the River Lune at Halton. On behalf of Misses Laura and Katharine Mason, Vertigo pysmea, Flelix caperata, &c., from Chapel Sandhills, Lincoln- shire. J.C., v., Oct., 1887 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 249 On behalf of Dr. Churchill Babington, specimens of 4. cantiana, from Sudbury and Bardwell, Suffolk. On behalf of Mr. E. Collier, specimens of A. cantiana, from Heyst-sur-mer, near Antwerp. On behalf of Mr. Richard Howse, specimens of Limax arborum, from Akeld, and Limax levis, Arion Bourguignatz, Zonites radiatulus, Z. purus, Z. crystallinus, and other species from West Woodburn, Northumberland. On behalf of the Rev. J. E. Somerville, B.D., a fine collec- tion of Land and Freshwater shells and slugs, collected in Caithness, Sutherland, Inverness, Ross, Perthshire, and other Scottish localities. There was also a collection shown of the shells of Queens- land, embracing 4. pachystyla, Incet, blomfeldit and rustica, Succinea strigata, Bulimus pacificus, Paludina Essingtonensts, &c.., some of which were added to the Society’s collection. ——?-e+¢—__ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF PLANORBIS CARINATUS MULL. By BAKER HUDSON. (Read before the Conchological Society). Planorbis carinatus v. albida. Form similar to type, but colour pellucid white. This variety was taken by me in the mill race Blue- stone Mill, near Norton, co. Durham, on April 18th, 1885. At the same place I have met with very pale-coloured specimens of Limnaa peregra, the variety excavata Jeff., of Bythinia tentaculata, and variety a/bida Rimmer, of the same species. 250 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. Parts i.— i. (Gebriider Paetel, Berlin). Herr Paetel has published a new and extended edition of the catalogue of his shell collection. He purposes publishing the catalogue in three sections, the first of which will contain the Cephalopods, Pteropods, and Marine Gastropods. The second will contain the Land and Freshwater Shells, and the third will comprehend the Bivalves and Brachiopods. The catalogue, which is beautifully printed on good paper, will be of great service in arranging collections, and for many other purposes, as the great number of species enumerated, though arranged alphabetically under each genus, gives references to the different sub-genera to which they should be properly referred. The three parts already issued complete the Cephalopods and Pteropods, and reach the genus Scalaria in the Marine Gastropods. A Complete Catalogue of British Mollusca.— Compiled from “‘ Jeffrey’s British Conchology,” with alterations and additions to date.—By CHARLES JEFFREYS. This useful catalogue, which is one of a series of Natural History Lists, published by Mr. H. W. Marsden, of Midland Road, Gloucester, is intended to supply Conchologists with a list for labelling collections. It is in a convenient and handy size, and printed on good paper on one side only. The ordinal, family, and generic names are all given with suitable distinct- ness for labelling. ‘The generic and specific names of every species is given in full in a bold and readable type; the varietal names are also given without abbreviation, and in a less promi- nent type than the chief form. For a work of this character there are remarkably few errors or omissions. J.C., v., Oct., 1887, BIBLIOGRAPHY. 251 The complete list is published at 1/3, and may be had from the Author or the Publisher direct, or the Land and Freshwater section may, if desired, be had separately, price 4d. Handbook of Manchester.—Prepared by the Local Committee for the members of the British Association, at the Manchester Meeting, 1887.—Mollusca, by J. Cosmo Melvill, MUA ESS.) FSESS.,) &e: Mr. Melvill has compiled a very excellent account of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the district twelve miles round Manchester, thus including portions of Cheshire and Derbyshire. In all eighty-three species are enumerated, forty- one of which are freshwater and forty-two land shells. Under each species is given precise information as to the localities where they have been found. The most interesting species is undoubtedly Planorbis dilatatus, which has not yet been found out of Lancashire. Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata, by Geo. W. Tryon, Junr. Parts 1.—x. To expedite the completion of this great work, upon which the author has been engaged for some years, the happy idea was carried out of issuing simultaneously with the marine species, a second series embracing the Pulmonata, of which ten parts have appeared up to the present time. Mr. Tryon divides the group in the first instance into Stylommatophora, which broadly speak- ing, embraces the land snails and Basommatophora which con- tains the aquatic species. These parts consist of no less than 757 pages of letter-press, in which every species is briefly described and very often its relationship indicated. The plates, 155 in number, are full of well executed figures of every species described. The work, when finished, will be indispensable to the Conchologist. 252 BIBLIOGRAPHY. The Land and Freshwater Shells of Montgomery- shire (Extracted from collections Historical and Archeeolog- ical, relating to Montgomeryshire and its borders, issued by the Powys-land Club for the use of its members.—Vol. xxi., part x1, April 1887), by J. Bickerton Morgan. This welcome list helps us to a knowledge of a little known district. Prior to this publication, only seven species were on record for the county, viz., Cyclas pallida, Succinea Pfeiffert, ffelix aspersa, hispida and nemoralis, Clausilia rugosa and Ancylus fluviatilis. Now it is shown by Mr. Morgan’s exertions that 24 land and nineteen freshwater shells inhabit the county, and this cannot by any means be regarded as a complete list as the author’s investigations have been mostly confined to the district round Welshpool. The most interesting species are perhaps Zonites radiatulus and glaber, Helix aculeata, Unio margaritifera, Limnea glabra and stagnalis. Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic, with illustrations of all the species.—By Geo. W. Tryon, Junr. Parts xxv.—XXxv. This great work continues to appear with great regularity, and the excellence of the illustrations and exactitude and accuracy of the text maintains the high standard to which we have become accustomed. In these parts the following genera are exhaustively treated—Terebridz, Cancellariidz, Strombide, Pediculariidee, Doliide, Cassidide, Naticide, Calyptrzide, Xenophoride, Vermetide, ‘Turritellidz, Czecidz, Eulimide, Pyramidellide, Turbonillidze, Scalariidze, and Cerithiide. The monograph of the family Cypreeidz is prepared expressly for the work by S. Raymond Roberts, who is so well and favourably known in connection with his labours upon this group. The family Solariide has been undertaken by William B. Marshall, B.S., who has made this section of the Mollusca an especial study. The parts we have under our notice contain nearly 1,000 pages of text, embracing full indices of the various family and no less than 185 excellently executed plates. J.C., v., Oct., 1887. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 253 The Wesley Naturalist.—Monthly Journal of the Wesley Scientific Society, edited by Rev. W. H. Dallinger, ILI IDS, IMIR Sy dean INGA IG Syores, AA IPE cSey Cee, hava Rev. H. Friend. F.L.S.—London: T. Woolmer, 66, Paternoster Row, E.C.—Monthly 6d.—No. 5, July 1887. This periodical, which we understand is more especially aimed to become a means of inter-commuuication among Scientists of the Wesleyan denomination, is full of varied and clever articles by well-known authors. In Conchology there is a short, general account of the Prerofoda, by Rev. C. Craw- shaw. ‘There is given on the last pages a list of Referees who offer their services to the less experienced collectors. The Conchological Referee is Rev. C. Crawshaw, Falmouth. The Naturalist’s Monthly.—A Journal for Nature- Lovers and Nature-Thinkers, edited by Dr. J. W. Williams, M.A., and published by Walter Scott, 24, Warwick Lane, E.C. —Monthly 6d. This is a new monthly, and two numbers have already appeared. The scope of the work is very wide, embracing in the parts already issued a lengthy and interesting contribu- tion on the “ Mollusca of Guernsey and Herm,” by Brockton Tomlin. Mr. Geo. Roberts supplies “The Snails and slugs of my garden,” and Mr. H. E. Quilter “The origin and History of Freshwater Faunas,” in which the mollusca have frequent mention. In addition to these articles, specially interesting to ourselves, there are contributions by Rev. Dr. Dallinger and others, bearing upon almost every branch of Science. Amongst the papers may be mentioned “‘ The Pathology of the Celandine,” “The Evolution of the Fishing Hook,” “ Binary Suns,” “ Biography of Darwin,” “A chapter on the Centipedes and Millipedes,” &c., &c. The proceedings of the Learned Societies are well reported, and there are numerous items of current news and reports of captures. 254 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon, par E. Bucquoy, Ph. Dautzenberg and G. Dollfuss. Parts xi.—xiil. These parts, which complete the first volume of this exquisite work, contain sixteen photographic plates executed with the same skill that has characterised all the preceding. Part xi. treats of the Turbinidz, Adeorbide, Haliotide, Janthinide, and Fissurellidze. Part xil., of the Calyptridee, Capulide, Patellide, Siphonariidee, and Gadiniide. Part xiil., completing the volume, deals with the Chitonide, Acteonide:, Bullide, Aplysiidee, Oxynoéidee, Pleurobranchide, and Dentalidz. In addition to the figures of the shells as previously given, there are added representations of some portions of the accessory parts of internal organs as the calcareous plate found in the stomach of Scap- hander. In Chiton there are given views of the anterior, median and posterior valves, isolated from the rest, and showing both exterior and interior. We are glad to give this work unqualified commendation, not only for the carefulness, precision and accuracy of the text but the beauty and scope of the photographic illustrations. — Histoire Malacologique de l’Abyssinie, par M. J. R. Bourguignat. This work is mainly the outcome of the examination of the Mollusca found by M. Achille Raffray, Vice-Consul at Massowah, who had charge of a mission to King John of Abyssinia, in the course of which he traversed many parts of Abyssinia practically unknown to Europeans. M. Bourguignat enumerates all the species hitherto recorded from Abyssinia, and points out all those which in his opinion are synomymous. He also describes the following as new Helixarion Raffrayi, pl. vii, f 12—14; Thapsia eurlomphala, f. 17—20; Sitala Raffrayi, f. 15, 16; Vitrina Milne-Edward- siana, f. 7—9; V. Raffrayi, f 1—3; V. Herbini, f. 4—6; Succinea Poirieriana, pl. vili., f 55-58; S. AEthiopica, f. 47, 48; Helix ferretiana, pl. vil., f. 34—37; H. Herbini, pl. vii, f. 2528; H. . galinieriana, pl. vil., f. 30—33; H. Raffrayi, f 2124; H. Achilli, J.C. v., Oct., 1887. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 255 pl. viii., f. 38—40; H. hamacenica, pl. viii., f. 4o—43; H. sub- nivellina, f. 44—46; Bulimus Raffrayi, f. 77, 78; B. Herbini, f, 74 ; By simonis, pl. ix., f. 63; B, Achill, £.-75,:76; Bs Tamisi- erianus, pl. x., f. 80; B. abbadianus, f. 79; B. Galinierianus, pl. ix., f. 60; B. Lejeanianus, f. 61; Raffraya (new genus); Milne- Edwardsi, pl. x., f.84—87; Abbadia (new genus) zethiopica, f. 82— 83; Ennea Raffrayi, f.88—g1; Pachnodus Rochebrunianus, f. 81; Subulina perrieriana, pl. ix., f. 64; S. mabilliana, f. 68, 69; Limnezea acroxa, pl.x.,f.94; L. Alexandrina, f. 95,96; L. Raffrayi, f. 97, 98; and L. ethiopica, f. 92,93. There is also in addition to the four plates upon which the new species are figured, a map of the African continent, upon which are colored the limits of the four faunal regions which are found in that continent. ee A New Variety of Sphzrium corneum, Linn.— In a pool which stands in a field (locally known, I believe, by the name of Spratt’s Farm) near Hampstead Heath, on June 4th, I came across a pretty, and so far as I know, unnamed, variety of Sprerium corneum. It is paler than the type, and has the umbones shaded with brown colour, in which there are three just-discernible bands forming segments of a circle, and of darker brown. Externally to these and separated by a band of ground-colour, is another similar band of the same tint as the others but much better defined in outline. I purpose to name this variety brunneo-fasciata.—]. W. WiLuiams, D.Sc. Helix lapicida L. var. albina.—This variety is to be found in the vicinity of the old cathedral city of Wells, in Somer- setshire. During 1883, on several occasions, and quite lately in May of the present year, I have taken this white form on a loose ivy-covered, stone wall on the old Bristol Road, just outside the city. The variety is associated in this place with individuals of a pale pinky brown colour, as well as with the ordinary dark brown form. The pale brown specimens are the most frequent. It is easy indeed to arrange a complete series which will show every variation in colour from the dark brown to the purest white. The wallin which this variety flourishes is composed of rough blocks of liassic limestone, taken from a small pit close at hand.—[Rev.] S. SPENCER Prarce, B.A. 256 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY HOGG@’S LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF STOCKTON-ON-TEES. WITH ANNOTATIONS Bye BACK ER EE UED SiO IN; a Mae.S: (Read before the Conchological Society). [The work in which this list was originally published—Brewster’s History of Stockton—being a very scarce one, we have pleasure in reprinting it, with the additional notes supplied by Mr. Hudson from his own intimate personal acquaintance with the district. The reprint is a verbatim one.—ED. ]. The full title of the work is as follows :—‘ The | Parochial History | and | Antiquities | of | Stockton-upon-Tees | including an | account of the trade of the town | the naviga- tion of the river | and of | such parts in the neighbourhood | as have been connected with that place. | | Second Edition | with additions and alterations. | | Celebrare domestica facta.—Hor. | | By John Brewster, M.A. | Rector of Egglescliffe | Fellow of the Society of Antiquarians Newcastle-on-Tyne. | | Stockton on Tees | printed by Thomas Jennett ; | and sold by John Richardson, 91, Royal Exchange, | London. | mpcccxxrx. | On the back of the page containing advertisement to second edition, the author returns thanks to helpers—‘ and more particularly to John Hogg, Esq., M.A. F.L.S., and Fellow of Saint Peter’s College, Cambridge, for his laborious and valuable appendix on the natural history of the district.’ [APPENDIX II. Page 23]. A list of fluviatile shells found in the environs of Stockton. In this list the following works have been consulted : ‘Linnei, Systema Naturee,’ vol. 2, edit. 12; ‘The Linnzan Transactions,’ vol. 8; ‘ Draparnaud Histoire des Mollusques Fluviatiles,’ &c. ; and ‘ Donovan’s British Shells.’ J.C., v., Oct., 1887, HUDSON : HOGG’S LIST OF MOLLUSCA OF STOCKTON. 257 Section I.—UNIVALVE SHELLS. . Nerita fluviatilis, Drap., Lin. Syst.—River nerite ; Don., vol. i., tab. 16, fig. 2. Extremely rare in ourrivulets. J. H. has also found this shell at Seaton Snook and in the slake near Hartlepool. [ Neritina is scarcely likely to be native to the district, but may possibly have been brought in with ballast. I have never met with it. Dixon and Watson (“ Land and Freshwater Shells,” Darlington, 1858), say, ‘“‘We have frequently obtained dead specimens from the ballast hills near Middlesbrough, which have been brought from the mouths of other rivers.”—B. H.] . Cyclostoma obtusum, Drap. Lee top shell. Turbo fontinalis Lin. Trans. Don., vol. ill., t. 102. Common in all the streams about Stockton. [This is Valvata piscinalts. | [Page 24]. . Cyclostoma impurum, Drap. | Olive water shell. Felix tentaculata, Lin. Syst. Don., vol. ii, tab. 93. Avery abundant species. |This is Bythinda tentaculata. | . Planorbis:contortus, Drap. Pea river cheese snail. Felix concorta, Lin. Syst. Don., vol. ili., t. 99. In the Billingham becks. [An erratum at the end of the index reads: “ P. 24, No. 4, for concorta read contorta.” | . Planorbis vortex, Drap. | Common whirl shell. felix vortex, Lin. Syst. Dons vole iiete 75. Exceedingly common. . Planorbis marginatus, Drap.,t. 2, f 11,12 | Marginated Helix complanata, Lin. Syst. whirl shell. In a ditch by the Osier Halt, near Norton Mill. . Ancylus lacustris, Drap. ae fresh water limpet. Patella oblonga, Lin. Syst. § Don., vol. v., t. 15. This shell is occasionally found in some of our rivulets. . Ancylus fluviatilis, Drap. | Lake limpet. Patella lacustris, Lin. Syst. { Don., vol. v., t. 147. J. H. has found this and the preceding species spar- ingly in the mill race near Billingham Mill. R 258 HUDSON: HOGG’S LIST OF MOLLUSCA OF STOCKTON. Q. Io. Il. E2. Le 14. is 16. Lymnea palustris, Drap. : Helix oe US, an Fomen : MESO SLM Flelix fragilis and [felix fontinalis, Don. Not unfrequently met with in ditches. Lymnea minutus? Drap. Flelix limosa, Lin. Syst. Mud snail. Flelix putris, Lin. Trans. Plentifulin pondsandrivulets. [Thisis Lznea peregra. | Physa fontinalis, Drap. t. 3, f. 89 Bulla fontinalis, Lin, Syst. Abundant in the mill dam and in a pond near Norton Mill. Physa hypnorum, Drap., t. 3, f. 12, 1 Pere toe Bulla es Lin. Se : : MES (CHP The species inhabits in abundance the field called Miry Carr, between Norton Mill and the Billingham road. [Page 25]. Succinea amphibia, Drap. AG ses Felix succined, Lin. Trans. - DoH. Holy. OS Flelix putris, Don. ( ‘ Very common on the plants by the sides of ditches in all our marshy grounds. [This is Succ’nea putris. | ( Don.,vol.v.,t.175 - Fountain dipper. Helix hispida, Drap., Lin. Syst. Bristly snail. Don., vol. v., t. 151, f. 1. An amphibious species which is frequently seen both in the water and on plants by the sides of ditches. Section IJ.—BIVALVE SHELLS. Cyclas cornea, Drap. ae Tellen. Tellina cornea, Lin. Syst. { Don., vol. ili., t. 96. Common in most ditches and streams. “lina lacustris, Lin, Gane” f bake ellen A rare shell. It is found in a pond about half-a-mile to the north-east of Portrack. [I have found Spherium lacustre fairly abundant in the district, and particularly so near Port Clarence and all along Cowpen Marsh. It is not uncommon near Norton. 35, Ee] J.C., v., Jan., 1888. nye 18. 19. HUDSON: HOGG’S LIST OF MOLLUSCA OF STOCKTON. 259 Tellina rivulis, Lin. Trans. | River Tellen. Tellina amnica, \.in. Gmel. Dons aviolw ies to O4rutay oe: This species occurs sparingly in the same rivulets with the horny Tellen. [This is Peszdéum amnicum.| Unio pictorum, Drap. Mya pictorum, Lin. Syst. Mya ovalis, Don. In the ponds at Wynyard, Mr. W. C. Trevelyan. [This record of Unio pictorum is quoted by Dixon and Watson (Mr. Watson, a native of the district, however, never confirmed it) also in Alder’s Cat., 1848. Painters’ muscle. Don., vol. i11., t. 89. I have visited Wynyard with a view to confirming this but without success, and am inclined to think Sir W. C. Trevelyan has been mistaken in his species, which might possibly have been Anodonta cygnea var. rostrata, a variety or approaches to which I have met with close to Wynyard. —B. H.] Unio margaritifer, Drap. River pearl muscle. Mya margaritifera, Lin. Syst. | IDYoine, WOlG We, ths 973, Da Costa mentions that this muscle inhabits the Tees. J. H.has found it in great plenty in the small River Browney, near Bearpark, about three miles to the north-west of Durham. Linnezus says, ‘ Aabétat tn totius orbis arctict cataractis.” [Is not Da Costa’s species more likely to be AZya arenaria, common at the Tees’ mouth? I have not seen his notice. I have visited Bearpark this year, and very carefully worked the stream from a mile above Bearpark to a mile below the same place, but could find no signs of this species. The bed of the stream and the current would be favourable to the mussel, but since Mr. Hogg’s time many collieries have been opened in the valley and their pumpings and waste water may have to no small extent affected the water and rendered it unfit for the reproduction of the species. The poisoning of the water has certainly materially reduced its value as a trout stream since I was a boy.—B. H.] 260 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 20. Anodonta anatina, Drap. | Duck muscle. Mytilus anatinus, Lin. Syst. Don., vol. iv., t. 113. Most abundantin all our ditches, ponds, andrivulets, and is the food not only of fishes, but also of water birds and [Page 26.] crows. This species varies much in size and colour, and like the River pearl muscle it is often found with the um- bones decorticated. [I believe the greater portion of Anodonta taken in the district are correctly referable to azatina; so far as my experience goes the type of cygzea does not occur, but then again the specimens are not pronounced azatina, but various intermediate forms. All my specimens, how- ever, are taken from moving water, not ponds. Alder, in his catalogue, refers only to azatinus.—B. H.| —_——~-e-¢—___- NOTES ON LIMN4A PEREGRA vars. BURNETTI AND LACUSTRIS. By J. MADISON. (Read before the Conchological Society). I was much interested in Mr. William Nelson’s very lucid article upon Limnea peregra var. burnetti in the April number of this journal and his description of the shell from the Welch locality, which he thinks may be referred to burnett. I went to find the shell and see the kind of place it inhabited. The lake is of considerable size, being about three miles round, and situated in the Black Mountains on the Carmarthenshire side. It is a very barren and desolate place, there not being a tree and scarcely a shrub to be seen. The shells were numerous, as also were Ancylus fluviatilts. While the Zimnca peregra were very much the shape of burnetii in the body whorl, they varied slightly in the length of the spire, but none of them had the spire intorted. From Dr. J. G. J.C., v-, Jan., 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 261 Jeffreys’ description of burnezti, it is the spire being intorted that distinguishes this remarkable variety. They seem to agree more with Jeffreys’ description of the variety /acustris. There is very little difference in the shape of these shells and those I found in Lake Windermere several years ago, the Windermere shells being shorter in the spire. In comparing the burnett: from Loch Skene, and the fevegra from St. Mary’s Loch, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Llyn-y-van-fach, Carmarthenshire, Wales, Lake Windermere, Westmorland, and Lake Derwent, Cumberland, I find a great resemblance in the form, and they are all rather strong shells. It was a very good remark of Mr. Nelson that the lesser amount of modification would point to a shorter time of isolation of the Welch shells than those of Loch Skene. I think there is a good reason why the shells in these lakes should have this form. There is a great resemblance in the conditions of all these lakes. At the time I visited them there were very few weeds in either of the lakes to protect them, the shells were generally attached to the bare stones, like the Ancylus fluviatilis ; and although Lake Windermere and Lake Derwent, unlike the other lakes, are protected by trees, they are of such an extent that the wind has great effect upon the waters, and the waves come rolling over the stony beach, and roll the shells about. Now if they had been of the ordinary form and strength of Zeregra, they must have been broken. This I take is an example of the survival of the fittest. Helix raffrayi.—I see that M. Bourguignat has described a species under this name from Abyssinia (“ Histoire Malac. de l’Abyssinie”’), but the name is preoccupied by Tapparone-~ Canefri for a species from Western New Guinea. I would suggest that the name of the Abyssinian species be changed to Helix raffrayana in order to distinguish it from the New. Guinea one.—T. D. A. CocKERELL, West Cliff, Colorado, December 8th, 1887. 262 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. A DAY’S COLLECTING NEAR HOWDEN, YORKS. By W. NELSON. (Read before the Conchological Society.) AN account of a real day’s collecting amongst the Limnezidz is of more real service to sound and practical naturalists than one of an ideal day’s work, though the latter can be made much more interesting and certainly can be done with infinitely less trouble, all that is required being a few lists of other workers with a few species added from imagination; but after all it would have been a day’s collecting that could not have been done, and nothing is more likely to damp the ardour of a beginner than falling far short of what he has been led by the account of an ideal day’s work to think can be accomplished. Having agreed with Mr. Collinge to have a day’s snail-hunt- ing, and both of us being most interested in the Zzmnatde, we planned to visit the flat piece of country round Howden and Wressle, being sure here to find numerous drains, slow streams and ponds, in fact the very places to find shells of this family. In addition to this I was most desirous of visiting the Market Weighton Canal where I hoped to find Limncea auricularta. On Whit-Monday of this year (30th May, 1887), I joined my companion at Leeds, Marsh Lane Station, where we booked to Selby. Arriving here we rebooked to Howden, but on arriving at this place we retained our seats and went forward to Eastrington. The morning was very dull and threatening, in fact rain fell during a short space of time at Howden, but had ceased when we arrived at Eastrington. Here we found we could save some walking by taking the train on the Hull and Barnsley line to Newport, on arriving at which we at once hurried to the banks of the Market Weighton Canal, but on getting a view of it, we were quite satisfied that we must quickly leave it again. It is evidently a tidal canal, and at the time of J.C., v., Jan., 1888. NELSON: ON THE LIMNAID. 263 our visit, between the bank and the water was a wide expanse of soft mud, on which we could not find a single track left by a crawling mollusk, and not being provided with strong nets with which to search for the Unionidz we lost no time in vain regrets, but resolved to try and retrieve the day in some other direction. Leaving the canal at the first road to the left, we soon came to a ditch where we obtained specimens of Limnea peregra and Limnea truncatula. ere I observed a very un- usual sight, namely Zzmncea truncatula in the act of floating. The Zimnaide as a Family seem to be very fond of floating on the surface of the water with their shells downwards, more especially ZLzmnca peregra, L. stagnalis, L. glabra and Physa hypnorum, whilst Limnea auricularta 1 have never yet seen floating, and before to-day I had not seen Limncea truncatula performing this action. .eaving this ditch we passed some distance alongside a hedge bank and saw specimens of Helix nemoralis and Helix cantiana, and resting on a blade of grass a beautiful small butterfly which I found was the Small Copper. A little further on this lane we came to a place called Cow- bridge. Here is a rather broad drain which seems to have been somewhat recently cleaned out. ‘There were no weeds growing in it, but here and there very sparsely distributed were small straggling tufts of grass-like plants with one or two small loose patches of Callitriche. here after considerable searching we obtained examples of Limnaa fperegra, L. palustris, Physa hypnorum, Planorbts spirorbis and Pl. marginatus, and my com- panion obtained a single specimen of Limncea glabra this— combined with the Physa hynorum—proving that they had been washed down the slowly flowing drain from no doubt some smaller and more luxuriantly weed-grown ditch. A word or two here respecting the association of Limnea glabra with Physa hypnorum and Flanozbis spirorbis ; though not invariably found together, as a rule they are generally found in the same 264 NELSON: ON THE LIMNAIDA. habitats and in this case the three species were evidently away from home, their favourite habitats being small and shallow, in fact nearly dry, ditches and grassy ponds. In searching these ditches when dry in summer Planorbis spirorbis will be found with a solid epiphragm waiting the return of rain. Crossing the bridge over the drain we saw a small grass- grown pond in a field ; we pushed our way through the hedge, and after some searching obtained a few examples of Planorbis nautileus, the smallest and I think I may say the prettiest, of the genus, having the whorls covered with small ridges, which are in some cases produced into rather long and elegant spines ; this latter form is called var. cvésta. Leaving the pond we regained the road and sat on the trunk of a fallen tree, and whilst we partook of refreshment an old man, a native of the district, accosted us, and during the conversation stated that the whole district had been a large common which was enclosed and drained somewhere about a hundred years before. I mention this because I have an idea that Zimnea glabra is a species that is likely to die out or be- come more rare as the old commons become drained and destroyed. I have collected it in many districts, and have been enabled in nearly every case to trace its connection with commons by the survival of the plants usually met with in such localities. Getting near to the village of Sandholme, which by-the-bye has got a descriptive name, we come to a portion of the common covered with small shallow grassy ponds, with here and there holes where sand has been dug. ‘The ponds seem to be ideal habitations for mollusks, but with the exception of Zzmnea peregra and Planorbis spirorbis, there seemed to be very little in them, but in a small ditch that was almost dry we obtained Flanorbis spirorbis, Physa hypnorum and Limnea glabra. Just before we entered the village we came to a drain which had not been cleaned out and which was consequently full of various species of aquatic plants and an abundance of J.C., v., Jan., 1888. NELSON : ON THE LIMNAIDA. 265 molluscan life, amongst which were rather fine examples of Limnea peregra, also Planorbis carinatus, Planorbis vortex, Flanorbis corneus, and Physa fontinalis. Close to this place is a village called Hive; it is indeed so close as to be almost a continuation of it. In a ditch quite in the village we obtained examples of Limunca peregra and Planorbis spirorbts. We now entered upon a number of cross roads that were very rough, and trudged along some distance before again sighting water ; at length we came to a ditch near Ousethorpe, and after spending sometime in search we found we had obtained examples of Limnaa peregra, L. palustris, Physa fontinalts, Flanorbis vortex, and P. marginatus. One specimen of Z. palustris had the body whorl of a somewhat unusual size. In a pond near Sleights House we examined the duckweed (Lemna minor) and found a good number of Planorbis nautzleus, but the process being a very tedious one we soon tired of it. The only shell we obtained here besides was Planorbis spirorbis. Again going some distance we got into a lane rejoicing in the easy-going name of Featherbed lane. Here we went along very smoothly for some distance until we neared Yokegate ; here in a ditch we got specimens of Limna peregra, L. palustris, Physa hypnorum and Planorbis spirorbis. ‘The surface of the Lane now became very uneven, and was not much easier to walk on than a featherbed would be, but we plodded along, keeping a sharp look out for any water to search, as much for an excuse to stop as to get shells. Spying a pond close to the hedge, but of course at the other side, we got through and found examples of /Vanorbis corneus, FP. marginatus, Limnea peregra, L. stagnalis, and L. palustris, and in the ditch which was connected with the pond were numerous examples of Planorbis spirorbis, Physa hypnorum, and Limunea glabra, but I do not think that a single example of the last three was found in the pond. The Piysa hypnorum were rather fine and looked very pretty as they floated in the water with their dark blue- black bodies contrasting pleasingly with the bright amber colour 266 NELSON: ON THE LIMNAID. of their shells. The Zimnaa glabra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, and Planorbis corneus were eroded, whilst the Zimnea peregra, Planorbis marginatus and Physa hypnorum were not. Various theories have been put forward at different times to account for this erosion, the latest being that of Karl Semper, who ascribes it as the work of a microscopic fungus. The latter ditch and pond were near to Caville wood; leaving here we get to the end of Featherbed Lane. We again got into cross roads that seemed to lead any- where but the way we wished to go, and the time was getting along so that we did not do all the searching we might, but we felt compelled to stop and search a pond in the corner of a field which lies temptingly easy to get at; here we found Physa Jontinalis and Planorbis marginatus. We were now getting near to Wressle, which my companion was determined to visit, to search for Paludina contecta, and though we can see Wressle we are compelled to describe a circle to get to it. After making one or two fruitless efforts to get at the Fleetdike we were com- pelled to go the usual way past the Castle along the Bubwith road and across the fields. Getting to the dyke we lost no time but began to search for Paludina contecta, the most local of our Yorkshire shells, this being at preseut perhaps the only really Yorkshire habitat known. With careful searching we soon found several examples each. I found a large Zimncea peregra and Mr. Collinge again found a single example of Limena glabra evidently away from home. Retracing our steps across the fields we reached a pond near the dyke but found the only shell to be Planorbis marginatus, and in another pond in a pasture near to the Old Hall we found Zimnea peregra. We now got to the station where we had to sit some time waiting for our train, and arrived at Leeds at about half past ten at night. We found that we had taken 13 species of Limmetda. Several common and widely distributed species, such as Planorbis albus, P. contortus, and the two forms of Axcylus, all J.C., v., Jan., 1888 ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 267 shells that we were no doubt justified in expecting to meet with, were absent from our captures, but to compensate us we had two hitherto unrecorded habitats for the local Limuea glabra, this of itself making the day’s collecting somewhat remarkable, as years may elapse before either of us again finds this species in a new locality. 0-9 — ON THE MARINE SHELLS OF MAGILLIGAN STRAND, COUNTY TYRONE, By MISS HONORIA GALWEY, M.C.S. (Read before the Conchological Society). Havinc read with great interest the paper of the Rev. Carleton Greene on “ Marine Shells found at Filey ” (read before the Conchological Society), I should like to bring under the notice of the lovers of conchology, some of the Strands in Ireland, and one in particular, Magilligan, with which I am _ well acquainted, believing that a visit would amply repay the trouble. The place is easy of access by the Belfast and Northern Co.’s Railway from Belfast to Londonderry, and good lodgings and accommodation can be had at Castlerock, a sea-bathing place close at hand, also at Downhill, though of a rougher description. I subjoin a short account of shells which I picked up in the course of some hours spent on the strand above mentioned, in the months of June and Angust, 1886, and August, 1887. I doubt not that a dredge in a few feet of water would bring in treasures in greater variety. Magilligan Strand extends in a broad belt of “golden sand” for about seven miles, from Downhill station to the mouth of Lough Foyle, in a curve of the open Atlantic lying to the North and North-west. A large number of the shells which I gathered contained the living animal, others were just emptied and left unbroken by sea-gulls, which, disturbed at their feast, flew on a few yards ahead. The 268 GALWEY : MOLLUSCA OF MAGILLIGAN STRAND. tide (neap) in gentle ripples brought in among the cast-off “sand cases” of Sabella chrysodon (2) specimens of more fragile shells, namely :—Cyprea Europea, Cardium, Tornatella, and Velutina, these two last especially delicate and beautiful. At my last visit, August, 1887, there was a great change, few shells, in comparison, were to be found, except quantities of Donax anatinus, very lovely and brilliant in colour, but for a considerable distance the shore was strewn with little bunches of sea-wrack, amongst which were splendid specimens of LIanthina fragilis, both shell and animal in excellent preserva- tion, and the float perfect. There were also numbers of the Hyalea tridentata, several of which, as well as the /anthina, I have preserved in spirits of wine, others I shut up tight in a little box and found on opening, after three months’ absence, that they were quite dry and in perfect form; they have the appearance of frosted silk-gauze. I found no difficulty in taking the animal of the J/anthina out of its shell; after being some hours in a basin of sea-water a long pin easily brought them out. The Rev. J. G. Wood describes these shells as of ‘a pale blue colour.” Those I found are “deeply, darkly, beautifully blue!” but as it is probable they fade in strong light, I keep mine in a shady corner of my cabinet. The following is a list of the shells which I found :— Arca tetragona. Common, imperfect, single valves. Artemis exoleta. Rare, perfect. A. lincta. Very plentiful, alive. - Buccinum Bulla (Scaphander) lignarius. Not very common. Cardium rusticum. Very common. C. edule. Not common. C. fasciatum. Common. C. norvegicum. Rare. Cypreea europea. Very common. Cyprina islandica. Very plentiful. Common. J.C., v., Jan., 1888. GALWEY : MOLLUSCA OF MAGILLIGAN STRAND. 269 Donax anatinus. Very plentiful, alive. Emarginula ——. Rather common. Fissurella ——. Rather common. Fusus ——. Common. lanthina fragilis. Common at certain seasons. Littorina ——. Not common. Lucina borealis. Not very common. Lucinopsis undata. Rare. Lutraria elliptica. Very common. Mactra stultorum. Very plentiful, alive. M. elliptica. Very plentiful, alive. M. truncata. Rare. Modiola ——. Not common. Murex erinaceus. Not common. Mya truncata. Common. Mytilus edulis. Very common, alive. Nassa reticulata. Common. Natica monilifera. Very common, alive. Natica ——. Occasional. Ostrea edulis. Occasional. Patella vulgata. Common. P. athletica. Occasional. P. pellucida. Occasional. Pecten. Several varieties, including puszo, tigrinus, varius, but these are generally single valves, some very small and beautiful. Pectunculus glycimeris. Very common, too often dead shells, but sometimes alive. Pilopsis ungaricus. Rather common. Psammobia ferroensis. Rare. Purpura lapillus. Common, alive. Scalaria communis. Rare. Solen ensis. Very common, alive. S. siliqua. Very common, alive. Tellina tenuis. Very common. 270 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. T. solidula. Not common. Tornatella fasciata. Common. Trochus cinereus. Common. T. magus. Rare. T. zizyphinus. Common, alive. Turritella communis. Not common. Teredo navalis. Occasional. Velutina leevigata. Plentiful occasionally. Venus striatula. Very plentiful, alive. Tapes virginea. Some very good specimens. I may add that Magilligan is but one of many strands rich in marine treasures. Portmarnock, in the neighbourhood of Dublin, I have visited. All round the west coast of Donegal there are many. Of Cruit, Carrickfinn, Mullaghderg, Rutland, &c., a friend (himself an experienced conchologist), writes :— “These are richer in varieties than any English or Scotch strands I have read of.” : (Blilip B. Mason; MOR .CS.) EES. B)Z)S.,\16ce,; Burton-on-Trent; and F, Akers, Leeds. 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PAPER READ. “ On the Marine Shells of Magilligan Strand,” by Miss Honoria Galwey. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The Chairman, on behalf of Mr. J. R. Redding, showed a large and fine collection of Land and Freshwater Shells from the vicinity of Dublin. Mr. Harvard Pierson exhibited a number of species of Clausilia—including all the British species. Mr. F. R. Fitzgerald exhibited Helix pisana from Swansea (from Mrs. Dyer), and 4 pomatia from Hants., the Beige Valley, and Bex, Switzerland. Mr. H. Shaw showed examples of Conus textile (L.) and C. vicarius (Lamk.). Mr. W. E. Collinge exhibited and presented to the Society specimens of Lzmnca stagnalis, collected August, 1887, in the River, Cherwell, Banbury. Referring to the change of premises which has just been made, the Chairman said the Directors of the Leeds Mechanics’ Institute had for several years most generously provided accom- modation for us, and had on all occasions shown a desire to help the Society in its work. Unfortunately they were not able to do more in providing space for our collection and library, hence the need to secure other rooms. He trusted the Society would cordially mark its appreciation of their kindness. ‘The removal would necessitatea change in the day of meeting,so that weshould keep clear of existing engagements at the Philosophical Hall. On the motion of Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., it was resolved: “That the best thanks of the Society be presented to the Directors of the Leeds Mechanics’ Institute for their uniform courtesy and for the accommodation which they have so generously granted the Society during the past few years ; andthat Mr. Bell be requested to convey ene resolu- tion to the Secretary.” i : On the motion of Mr. C. H. Pierson, it was resolved: ‘“ That the meetings in future be held on the first Wednesday in each month,” J.C., v., April, 1888, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 307 Meeting HELD AT THE MUSEUM, FEBRUARY IST, 1888. Mr. J. W. Taylor presided. Correspondence was read from Messrs. R. D. Darbishire, J.C. Melvill, A. Somerville, Wm. Jeffery, B,. B. Woodward, Alfred C. de Conti Gatto, and Mrs. Skilton. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table and the thanks of the Society were accorded the donors :— A framed portrait of Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., painted in oils and presented by Mrs. M. Skilton. “‘ Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales,” by the Society. “Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria,” decade xv., by the Government of Victoria. NEW MEMBERS, The following were nominated for membership :-— E. R.Sykes, Weymouth, by J. W. Taylorand W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S. Thos. F. Burrows, Cheadle, by J. W. Taylor and J. R. B. Masefield. Chas. Nathaniel Peal, F.R.M.S., Ealing, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and B. B. Woodward, F.G.S., F.R.M.S. [ Mrs. ] Julia Hodgson, Leighton Buzzard, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and Rev. R. B. Watson, B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S. Fredk. Rhodes, Eccleshill, near Bradford, by F. R. Fitzgerald, F.S.Sc., and J. A. Hargreaves. PAPERS READ, “On the article ‘ Purpura’ in Tryon’s Manual of Conchology,” by Rev. Alfred H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S. “A new locality for 4. revelata,” by Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. “ On the limits of the British Seas,” by Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A. “Notice of a monstrosity of Aythinia tentaculata,” by Edgar A, Smith, F.Z.S. “On the occurrence of Zestacella scutulum in Leicestershire,” by H. E. Quilter. ‘“¢On a mite parasitic upon Zestacella scutulum,” by H. E. Quilter. “ Additions to the Authenticated List of Mollusca for West Sussex,” by Wm, Jeffery. On Zrophon truncatus (Strom.) var. scalaris Jeffr. on the West of Scotland,” by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., sent for exhibition speci- mens of Zvophon truncatus Strom. and the rare variety sca/arts Jeff. The variety was dredged by Mr. Somerville in October last off Soay Isles, Iona, in forty fathoms of water, and is new to the British fauna in its restricted sense. : Mr. F. R. Fitzgerald exhibited examples of Lzmmnca peregra . from six different localities, Helix revelata from Guernsey, col- lected by Mr. J. R. B. Tomlin; Planorbis corneus from near Birmingham, /Helzx nemoralis from Bex, Switzerland, and ZH. aspersa var. unicolor from Horn Dean, Hants. Meeting “HELD AT THE MUSEUM, MARCH 7TH, 1888. Mr. J. W. Taylor, Vice-President, in the chair. The correspondence for the month was brought before the meeting. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table and the thanks of the Society accorded to the donors :— “Proceedings of the Linnean Society, New South Wales,” second series, vol. il., part 3. List of the names of contributors to the first series of the “ Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W.,” with titles of and references to papers and exhibits contributed by each.—By the Society. List of shells collected by Jno. Rattray, B.Sc., F.R.S.E., on the west coast of Africa and the adjacent islands, by W. E. Hoyle, M.A., F.R.S.E.—By the Author. ‘“‘ Die Bivalven Nieder-Andalusiens,” by Dr. W. Kobelt.—By the Author. List of the Shells of Mergui and its Archipelago, collected by Dr. Jno. Anderson, F.R.S., F.L.S., by Prof. E. von Martens, M.D., C.M.Z.S.—By the Author. Spaciasrs of Assiminea grayana from near Faversham. —By Miss Fairbrass. Limnea truncatula, from a ditch near Newark Castle, Selkirk _N.B., 1886 ; Balea perverse, from a stone wall near Selkirk, | Selkirkshire, N.B., 1886; ZLimncaa peregra, Helix arbus- J.C., v., April, 1888. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 309 torum, and H. aspersa, from Carmarthenshire, Wales ; and Anodonta anatina var. radiata, from near Birmingham.— By Mr. Madison. NEW MEMBERS. The following were duly elected members of the Society :— Messrs. E. R. Sykes, Thos. F. Burrows, C. N. Peal, F.R.M.S., Fredk. Rhodes, and Mrs. J. Hodgson. The following were nominated for membership :— Frederick Stanley, Margate, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and W. E. Hoyle, M.A., F.R.S.E. Mary Heitland, Shrewsbury, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and Alfred Brown. Rev. Geo. Bailey, F.R.M.S., Finchingfield, by A. Somerville, B.Sc. F.L.S., and Rey. J}.‘McMurtrie, M.A. John Clegg, Millwood, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S, and James Steel. Emile Deschamps, Alepo, Syria, by J. W. Taylor and T. W. Bell. J.T. T. Reed, L.R.C.P. & S., Sunderland, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and F. Coulson. David Robertson, F.L.S., F.G.S., Millport, by A. Somerville, B:Sc., F.L.S., and E. J. Lowe, D:L., F.R.S., &c. Wm. J. Jones, jun., Holloway, N., by A.Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and Alex. Shaw. Mark Stirrup, F.G.S., Bowdon, by A.. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and J. C.. Mansel-Pleydell, D.L., J.P., ¥.L.S., &e. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. Madison sent for exhibition a very choice collection of about thirty species of land shells; included were several fine examples of varieties of eltx nemoralis, Hl. hortensts, f. arbustorum, and other species. Mr. Edward Collier also sent a collection of about sixteen species and varieties of land and freshwater shells for exhibition, many of them being fine examples. 310 : JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONSTITUTION AND LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1.—That this Society be called ‘The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Freland,” 2.—That its objects shall be the promotion of the Science of Conchology, by the holding of meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation ot — a Library and Collections illustrative of the Science. 3-—That it shall consist of Ordinary and Honorary Members. 4.—That Ordinary Members shall be proposed by two members at one meeting, and ballotted for at the next. They shall pay, in advance on the Ist January in each year; a subscription of 5/-, or may com- pound for life by the payment of Three Guineas. Foreign Members shall pay an annual subscription of 7/6. 5.—That composition fees shall be invested in Books, Cabinets, or other permanent property, or in such other manner as the Council may think most conducive to the benefit of the Society. 6.—That Members shall have the privilege of appending to their names the initial letters M.C.S. (Member of the Conchological Society). 7.—That the number of Honorary Members shall be limited to ten, and they shall be exempt from all payments and have the privileges of Ordinary Members. 8.—That it shall be governed by a Council, consisting of a President, four Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and six other members, who shall be elected annually by ballot; the voting paper issued to be returned to the Secretary, under cover of sealed envelope, addressed to the Scrutineers. 9.—That the Presidency shall not be tenable for more than one year con- tinuously, and that he be expected to give an address. 10.—That the meetings shall be held in Leeds, monthly, at the time and place fixed by the Council, who shall also have power to arrange such additional meetings as they may think desirable. 11.—That three shall be a quorum at all meetings. i12,—That the Annual Meeting be held in December to receive the Report and Balance Sheets of the outgoing Council, and to elect the new Council. 13.—That the accounts, before being presented, shall be audited by two members, appointed at a previous meeting. 14.—That the proceedings shall be published periodically, under the direc- tion of the Council. 15.—That the Capital and Property be vested in two Trustees, elected by the Society. 16.—That no alterations in the rules shall be made, unless by a majority of three-fourths of the members present at a meeting which has been specially summoned. J.C., v., April, 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 311 HONORARY MEMBERS. (Limited to ten in number). Bourguignat, J. R., Rue des Ursulines, 6, St. Germain-en-Laye, Seine et Oise. Kobelt, Dr. W., Schwannheim, Frankfort-am-Main. Martens, Dr. E. von, 29, Franzosische Strasse, Berlin, N. W. ORDINARY MEMBERS. Adams, Lionel E., B.A., 14, Talbot Road, Stafford. Akers, Fredk., Mabgate, Leeds. Babington, Rev. Churchill, D.D., V.P.R.S.L., Cockfield Rectory, Suffolk. Bailey, Rev. Geo., F.R.M.S., The Manse, Finchingfield, Essex. Baillie, William, Brora, Sutherlandshire. Barnacle, Rev. H. Glanville, M.A.. F.R.A.S., The Vicarage, Holmes Chapel, Crewe, R.S.O. Beaulah, John, Ravensthorpe, Brigg. Bell, Alfred, 140, Lower Marsh, Lambeth, London. Bell, Thomas William, 3, Carr Lane, Leeds. Bendall, Wilfrid, Nottingham Place, London, W. Bostock, Edwin D., The Radfords, Stone, Staffordshire. Brazier, John, C.M.Z.S., Windmill Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Brown, Alfred, 7, Bowmont Terrace, Glasgow. Burrows, Thos. F., Daisy Bank, Cheadle, Staffordshire. Butterell, J, Darker, 4, Willow Grove, Westwood, Beverley. Cash, Wm., F.G.S., 38, Elmfield Terrace, Halifax. Chaytor, R. C., Scrafton Lodge, Middleham, Yorkshire. Clarke, Wm. E., F.L.S., M.B.O.U., 18, Claremont-rd, Headingley, Leeds. Clegg, John, 5, Derby Street, Millwood, near Todmorden. Coates, Henry, Pitcullen House, Perth. Coates, William, 18, Borough Terrace, Middlesbrough. Cockerell, Sydney C., 5, Priory Road, Bedford Park, Chiswick. Cockerell, T. D. A., West Cliff, Custer Co., Colorado, U.S.A. Collier, Edward, 74, Yarburgh Street, Manchester. Collinge, W. E., 11, Cromer Terrace, Leeds. Cooke, Rev. Alfred Hands, M,A., F.L.S., King’s College, Cambridge. Costa, S. J. Da, 2, Craven Hill, London. Coulson, Frank, 6, Montague Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow. Craven, Alfred E., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 65, St. George’s Road, Warwick Square, London. Crick, Walter D., 7, Alfred Street, Northampton. Cundall, J. W., Carrville, Alexandra Park, Redland, Bristol. Darbishire, R. D., B.A., F.G.S., Victoria Park, Manchester. Davis, Jas. W., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Chevinedge, Halifax. Deschamps, Emile, Alepo, Syria. Dixon, George, Sen., Great Ayton, Northallerton. Dodd, B. Sturges, 33, Beech Avenue, New Basford, Nottingham, Duncan, Wm., 1, India Street, Montrose. Dyer, (Mrs.) A. M., 1, Richmond Villas, Swansea. Elliott, Edward J., High Street, Stroud. Bole JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Evans, W. Hill, M.D., 58, Little Horton Lane, Bradford. Evans, (Mrs.) A. Sen., Brimscombe Court, Thrupp, near Stroud. . Eyre, Rev. W. L. W., M.A., Swarraton Rectory, Alresford, Hants. Fairbrass, (Miss) E. R., Abbey Street, Faversham. Fenn, F. G., Syon Lodge, Isleworth, Middlesex. Fitzgerald, (Mrs.) J., 10, West Terrace, Folkestone. Fitzgerald, H. Purefoy, North Hall, Preston Candover, Hants. Fitzgerald, F. R., F.S.Sc., Clifford House, Harrogate. Gain, Wm. Albert, Tuxford, Newark. ‘Galizia, Joseph Sylvester, 64, Piazza Celsi, Valetta, Malta. Galwey, Miss H., 5, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin. Gatto, Alfred C. de Conti, 116, Strada Brittanica, Valetta, Malta. Gerland, Conrad, B.Sc., Ph.D., University of Marburg, Germany; and Church Hall, Church, | ancashire. Godlee, Theo., Whips Cross, Walthamstow, Essex. Gordon, Rev. George, LL.D., The Marse, Birnie, Elgin, N.B. Green, Rev. Carleton, M.A., Gt. Basford Vicarage, St. Neots, Hunts. Gwatkin, H. M., M.A., Scrope Terrace, Cambridge. Hagger, Jno., Repton School, Burton-on-Trent. Hanley, Sylvanus, F.L.S., Hanley Road, Hornsey Road, London. Hargreaves, J. A., Fern Cottage, Baildon Road, Shipley. Harvard, T. Mawson, 41, Union Street, Leyland, near Preston. Heathcote, Wm. Hy., Avenham Lane, Preston. Heitland, (Mrs.) M., The Priory, Shrewsbury. Hepburn, Frederick, B.A., Sutton, Surrey. Hey, Rev. W. C., M.A., St. Olave’s Vicarage, York. Hey, Thos., Bloomfield Street, Derby. Hillman, Thos. Stanton, Eastgate Street, Lewes, Sussex. Hockin, (Miss) S., Phillack Rectory, Hayle, Cornwall. Hodgson, (Mrs.) J., Chalgrave Vicarage, Leighton Buzzard, Beds. Holmes, W. J. O., F.L.S., Strumpshaw Hall, Norwich. Howell, G. O., 3, Ripon Villas, Ripon Road, Plumstead. Hoyle, W. E., M.A., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., 32, Queen Street, Edinburgh. Hudson, Baker, 5, Westbourne (srove, Coatham, Redcar. James, Jno. H., A.R.I.Cornwall, 3, Truro Vean Terrace, Truro. Jeffery, Wm., Ratham, Chichester. Jeffrey, Chas., 15, Warren Street, Tenby. Jenkins, A. J., 1, Douglas Terrace, Douglas Street, Deptford. Jones, (Miss) L..C., 5, Alexandra Road, Clifton, Bristol. Jones, Wm. Jas. Jun., 27, Mayton Street, Holloway, London, N. Kew, H. Wallis, F.E.S., 19, Stonenest Street, Tollington Park, London, N. Laver, Hy., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Trinity Street, Colchester. Leicester, A., Enfield Place, Brighton Road, Birkdale, Southport. Leipner, Bok Adolph, F.Z.S., University College and 47, Hampton Park, Clifton, Bristol. Lightwood, Jas. T., Hope House, Lytham. Lowe, E. J., IDL WfolPs5 IoIRoSo, IclbdSh, lGeS, F.RAS., F.R.M.S., &c., Shirenewton Hall, Chepstow. Luther, S. M., Garrettsville, Ohio, U.S.A. J.C., v., April, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 14 Madison, Jas., 167, Bradford Street, Birmingham. Mansel SBleydell js C-> Delta be oeenGe S.5 Whatcambe, Blandford, Dorset. Marquand, Ernest D., M.A., Alphington, Exeter. Marshall, J. T., Sevenoaks, Torquay. Masefield, J. R. B., Rosehill, Cheadle, Staffordshire. Mason, Philip B., M, R.C.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Burton-on- Trent. McKean, eoamerh 1nIU Sb, Gommrerieial Warham Road, Croydon. McMuttrie, Rev. Jas., M.A. 14, Inverleith Road, Edinburgh. Mellor, Geo. W., 7, Second Avenue, Sherwood Rise, Nottingham. Melvill, Jas. Cosmo., M.A., F.L.S., Kersal Cottage, Prestwich. Milnes, Rev. H., M.A., Winster Vicarage, near Derby. Morgan, J. Bickerton, 30, Severn Street, Welshpool. Nelson, Wm., Freehold Street, York Road, Leeds. Newstead, A. H. L., Roseacre, Epping. North, S. W., M.R.C.S., F.G.S., Micklegate, York. Oldham, Genes Ashlands, Ashton-on-Mersey. Parke, Geo. H., F.L.S., F.G.S., Infield Ledge, Furness Abbey. Parry, Col. G. S.. jonton United Service Club, London, S.W. Peal, Chas. N., F. R.M.5., Fernhurst, Maltoch Lane, Ealing. Pearce, Rev. S. Spencer, B.A., Millbrook, near Southampton. Pidgeon, D., Assoc. Inst.C.E., F.G.S., Holmwood, Putney Hill, London. Pierson, C. H., 16, Brunswick Place, Leeds. Pocock, Thomas W., J.P., Glenridge, Virginia Water, Staines. Ponsonby, John H., F.Z.S., 4, Halkin Street, Grosvenor Place, S. W. Quilter, H. E., 4, Cedar Road, Leicester. Ramage, John, 20, Hill Street, Dundee. Reader, T. W., 171, Hemingford Road, Barnsbury, London, N. Redding, J. R., 31, Belvedere Road, Dublin. Reed, James T. T., L.R.C.P. & S. Edin., Ryhope, Sunderland. Renton, Robert, Fans Road, Greenlaw, Berwickshire, Rhodes, Frederick, 26, East View, Eccleshill, near Bradford. Roberts, George, Lofthouse, near Leeds. Robertson, David, F.L.S., F.G.S., Fernbank, Millport, N.B. Roebuck, Wm. Denison, F,L.S.. Sunny Bank, Leeds, Rogers, Thomas, 27, Oldham Road, Manchester. Rope, George Thomas, Blaxhall, Wickham Market, Suffolk. Saunders, Ed., F.L.S., St. Ann’s, Mason’s Hill, Bromley, Kent. Scharff, Robert F,, Ph.D., B.Sc., Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. > S@lation, Ay IIo 1X55 iSut Street, Teignmouth. Scott, Thomas, manent Board, Central Laboratory, Edinburgh University. Shaw, Alexander, 56, Dover Street, Glasgow. Shrubsole, George Wm., Town Hall Square, Chester. Skilton, (Mrs.) M., 21, London Road, Brentford. Smart, Rev. R. W. J., M.A., Bishopswood Vicarage, Ross, Herefordshire. Smith, Edgar A., F.Z.S., Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Smout, CTheulles t,, 8, aan Street, Hastings. Somerville, Alex., B.Sc., F.L.S., 34, Granby Terrace, Hillhead, Giecon 314 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Somerville, Rev. J. E., M.A., B.D., 11, Southpark Terr., Iillhead, Glasgow. Sowerby, G. B., 121, Fulham Road, London, S.W. Standen, Robert, Industrial Schools, Swinton, near Manchester. Stanley, Frederick, 6, Clifton Gardens, Margate. Steel, James, 104, Renfrew Street, Glasgow. Stirrup, Mark, F.G.S., High Thorn, Bowdon, near Manchester. Storrs, Godwyn, Sandown Vicarage, Isle of Wight. Sykes, Ernest Ruthven, 9, Belvedere, Weymouth. Taylor, (Miss) H. L., Woodside, Rowditch, Derby. Taylor, Jno. W., F.L.S., Sovereign Street, Leeds. Taylor, J. M. B., Free Museum, Paisley, N.B. Tomlin, J. R. B., B.A., 59, Liverpool Road, Chester. Turner, Rev. Wm., 5, St. Andrew’s Square, Edinburgh. Tye, G. Sherriff, 10, Richmond Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. Viner, C. W., M.A., Ph.D., 9, Seymour Street, Bath. Waters, A. H., B.A., Willoughby House, Mill Road, Cambridge. Watson, Rev. R. Boog, B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., Free Church Manse, Cardross, Dumbartonshire. Webb, F. B., Church Terrace, Cheadle, Staffordshire. Whitwell, Wm., Roslin, Thurleigh Road, Balham, London, S.W. Williams, J. W., B.A., D.Sc., 51, Park Village East, London, N.W. Wood, Jas. Wm., 2, Windsor Terrace, Bedford. Woodward, B. B., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 23, Batoum Gardens, West Kensing- ton Park, S. W. Wotton, F. W., Adamsdown Post Office, Cardiff. Wright, Bryce M., F.R.G.S., 54, Guildford Street, Russell Square, London. —_——— 8 Note onaparasitic mite of Testacella scutulum Sow.—While examining a specimen of 7° scutulum from Belvoir, under a powerful pocket lens, I noticed one or two parasitic acart (mites) crawling about the underside of the body. They were minute, and could scarcely be seen with the naked eye. With some difficulty, I got one under the microscope, and with a ¥ inch obj., they presented the following characters, so far as I am able to describe them. The body was round, white and shining, the mouth having cephalic appendages forming “chelicera:,” four pairs of ambulatory legs, each of which was 5-jointed, the apical joint being elongated, and ending with small claws. The legs and thoraco-abdomen were covered with hairs.—H. E. QuiLTer, Leicester. J.C., v., April, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY 315 NOTICE OF A MONSTROSITY OF BYTHINIA TENTACULATA. By EDGAR A. SMITH, F.Z.S. Zoological Department, British Museum. 1b. We, 30s, 277. Ir is a recognised fact that most shells are subject to more or less variation in many respects, and that the limits of variation and the passage into forms, which may be called monstrous, are not clearly defined. Although several varieties of Aythinia tentaculata have been indicated by several authors I have not been able to discover any mention of a monstrosity of this species. In 1830 Menke named four varieties :—(a) ventricosa ; (b) producta ; (c) torta (a. major, b. minor); (d) obtusa. Ten years later Garnier created a fifth, var. curta; Morch has termed a sixth form, var. gzgas ; Jeffreys has designated two others, var. decollata and var. excavata respectively, and it is possible other authors may have employed other equally useless varietal names. All these terms have reference to variation in form, and the specimen under consideration also presents an extreme deviation from the normal contour of the species. The spire is remarkably depressed, the apex being elevated not more than a twenty-fourth of an inch above the body-whorl. The volutions are very narrow, convex, and involute above so as to produce a remarkably channelled suture. ‘The last whorl is broad at the upper part and obtusely angled at the periphery, producing somewhat squarish aspect. The aperture is altogether of an abnormal form, and being much narrowed above has an elongate pyriform appearance. The tout ensemble of the shell is so very unlike the typical form of the species that it was pronounced by two conchologists to whom I submitted it (not informing them of its locality) to belong to the Budlide/ In texture and colour, however, it is 316 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. quite normal, and within the lip, the ledge or ridge which sup- ported the operculum (unfortunately not preserved) is partly developed. The specimen was found in the River Cam, not far from Cambridge, by the Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A., F.G.S., who has kindly presented it to the British Museum. IS a Oe Helix lapicida (L) var. allbina (Menke) in Derbyshire. —T] have in my collection two specimens of the above variety, differing only in the uniform greenish-white colour from the typical farm. Both were given me some few years ago by the late Mr. Thomas Glover, of Manchester, who found a colony of them, all precisely similar in appearance, on the limestone near Matlock on August 16th,*1879. Though not unfrequent in some parts of the continent of Europe, this variety seems to be hardly known in England. I should much like to know of other records. At the time of the publication of Jeffreys’ ‘British Conchology (1865) it was evidently quite unknown in this country.—J. Cosmo MELVILL. Helix lapicida monst. scalaris Charp. in Derbyshire. —This monstrosity, which has a decidedly elevated spire, whorls much separated, and sutures deep, was found by Mr. J. Allen Howe while collecting during 1887 at Matlock Bath, Derby- shire.—[Rerv.] H. MILNEs. | Otina otis var. alba at Newquay.—Although Newquay is perhaps the most unproductive coast, as regards marine shells, which I have ever visited, specimens of Of/za otis Turt. var. alba occur in considerable numbers and of large size. They occur in caves, associated with Alexia bidentata Mont. I have taken the type at Tintagel and at the Lizard, as well as in the Scilly Islands.—|Rev.] A. H. Cooxe. J.C., v., April, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 317 Obituary.—Mr.. Andrew Garrett. Mr. Andrew Garrett, the celebrated conchologist, died at his residence, Huahine, Society Island, on the 1st of November, 1887, in the 65th year of his age. For some months past he had suffered from cancer in the face, which brought about his death. Mr. Garrett was the third child in a family of fourteen, and was born on the gth of April, 1823, in Beaver-street, Albany, New York, U.S.A. His mother was one Joanna Van Nean Campaneaux, a native of Belgium, of good education, and speak- ingseveral languages ; his father being Francis Garrett, a Canadian. Both parents lived to old age, the mother attaining seventy-two years, and the father eighty-four. The early life of Andrew Garrett was spent in Vermont State, where he verysoon manifested a decidedscientific turn of mind. On one occasion at eight years of age he left home without warning to visita museumsome hundred miles away, which having accomplished he returned home again in safety. He had agreat fondness for travel, and to satisfy the longing he went to sea at the age of 18. Asa shell collector he made his first acquaintance with the South Pacific in 1848, and in 1852 adopted that island-studded ocean as his special field of research. Since that time Mr. Garrett has visited almost every island of note in the South Pacific, spending con- siderable time in each group. His studies not only embraced the mollusca, but also birds, fishes, botany, &c. For one period of ten years he was professionally engaged in the interests of the Goddefroy Museum, Hamburg, during which time was published Andrew Garrett’s “ Fische der Stidsee,” edited by Dr. Albert Ginther, of the British Museum. | Mr. Garrett was also for a time associated with Prof. Agassiz. In addition to visiting and residing in every group of islands of the South Pacific, Mr. Garrett explored many parts of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America, the East and West Indies, the Sandwich Islands, &c. His diligence and knowledge soon established him as an authority amongst conchologists. Mr. Garrett’s 318 OBITUARY. private collection of shells (now on sale) consists of over eight thousand species, and more than thirty thousand examples, representing almost every known part of the globe. Of this large collection, Mr. Garrett has himself collected some four thousand species. The deceased was a corresponding member of the California Academy of Sciences, and Phila- delphia Academy of Natural Sciences. The following is a list of Mr. Garrett’s principal writings :—In “ Proceedings of Zool. Soc., London”: “ List of Mitridz collected at Rarotonga, Cook’s Isles,” ‘Descriptions of two new species of Separatista,’ ‘Descriptions of two new species of Coecum,” “ Description of a new species of Scissurella,” ‘‘On the terrestrial mollusca of the Viti Islands.” In the ‘Journal of Conchology ”: “ Occurrence of Cvepidula aculeata at the Marquesas Islands,” “Occurrence of Gadinia reticulata in Fastern Polynesia,” “‘ Annotated catalogue of the species of Conus collected in the South Sea Islands,” “Catalogue of the Polynesian Mitride; with remarks on their geographical distribution, station, and description of supposed new species,” “‘ Annotated catalogue of the Cypreeidz collected in the South Sea Islands.” In the ‘Bull. Soc. Malacologique de France”: ‘On the terrestrial mollusca of the Marquesas Islands.” In “ American Journal of Conchology,” vol. vii.: ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Land and Freshwater Shells from the South Sea Islands,” “ List of Viti Bulimi- and descriptions of new species.” In “Proceedings of the California Academy Nat. Sciences” : “ Descriptions of new species of shells inhabiting the Sandwich Islands,” ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of fishes inhabiting the Sandwich Islands,” “‘ Descriptions of new species of South Sea Shells.” In “Proc. of Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia” : ‘“‘ On the terrestrial moliusca inhabiting Cook’s Islands, Society Islands, and Samoan group,” “ List of Land Shells inhabiting Rurutu (one of the Austral Islands), with remarks on their synonyms and geographical range,” and several other papers. J.C., v., April, 1883, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 319 TROPHON TRUNCATUS (StrR6M.), var. SCALARS JerFrR. ON THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. By Ay SOMERVILLE. BSc.) FAL-S: (Read before the Conchological Society, February rst, 1888.) In October, 1887, I had the privilege of some dredging at Iona, and, in forty-fathom water, south of the Soay Isles, on a bottom of shelly gravel, where Pectunculus valves were plentiful, and Zrophon truncatus (Strom.), (the type), Defrancia linearis (Mont.), Wassa incrassata (Strom.), &c. were tolerably common, I obtained a dead Trophon shell of striking appearance. I forwarded it to Mr. J. T. Marshall who was able to identify it as var. scalaris, Jeffr. of Z: truncatus (Strom.), his decision being amply confirmed on a comparison of the shell with some Norwegian examples belonging to the collection of the late Mr. Robert Bell, London, and kindly lent to me by his brother, Mr. Alfred Bell. This variety is described and beautifully figured in G. O. Sars’ work on the Mollusca of Norway, (Christiania, 1878), in which it bears the name given to it by Lovén, of var. Gunneri of Z. clathratus, Z., (a type not now inhabiting British seas, though occurring in glacial and post-glacial beds), he having considered it as a variety of that species. Dr. Jeffreys, in referring to the variety (‘ British Conchology,’ vol. iv. p. 320), and comparing it with 7. ¢runcatus, of which he considered it a form, says that its ‘‘ribs are deeper” than those of the type and that “they are also abruptly truncated and crested at the top of each whorl.” | : The occurrence of this shell on the West Coast of Scotland is interesting, as, previously, it has not been met with further south than in Shetland waters, It is to be hoped that some one 320 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. may, ere long, take it alive in the quarter where this dead specimen was obtained, and so establish the species as one belonging to the West of Scotland. On referring to the Rey. Canon Norman’s papers on the Mollusca of Norway which appeared in the ‘Journal of Con- chology’ in 1879, I observe that the shell now under notice is said to be met with off the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Green- land, indicating, with Norway and the Shetlands, a wide North- Atlantic and Arctic distribution. a -Note on the occurrence of Testacella scutulum Sow. in Leicestershire.—Through the kindness of W. Ingram, Esq., of Belvoir gardens, I have been able to forward to Mr. J. W. Taylor, of Leeds, specimens from there, which he has identified as Testacella scutulum Sow. As this record is of interest, some further particulars respecting it may be useful. The specimens were found hibernating nearly eighteen inches underground, during the removal of some masses of rock forming part of a waterfall in the gardens of Belvoir Castle, about January 18th, 1888. I am informed that these Testacellz are not at all rare, specimens being found every season, either above ground devouring worms, centipedes, etc., or during excavations, particularly when breaking up fresh ground. ‘They are generally found in hitherto undisturbed ground, rather heavy and moist, and have been noticed for the past twelve years. The Testacellee have been found in various portions of the estate, within an area of at least a mile, and Mr. Ingram expresses it as his opinion that it is decidedly indigenous. - Belvoir castle and gardens are situated in the extreme north-east corner of the county of Leicester, the castle itself crowning a small outlier of the Marlstone Rock bed of the Middle Lias, the soil of the gardens being the result of the decomposition of the clays of the same formation.—H. E. QUILTER. J.C., v., April, 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY 321 ON THE ARTICLE PURPURA IN TRYON’S ‘MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.’ By ALFRED HANDS COOKE, M.A., Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. (Read before the Conchological Society, February rst, 1888.) Mr. Tryon’s ‘Manual of Conchology’ has been received by the scientific world with the respect due to so great a work. The man who attempts* so herculean a task as to figure and describe every known shell, deserves the gratitude of all students of conchology. Yet, without in the least detracting from the acknowledgements due to the distinguished author of the volumes, the opinion may safely be expressed that, in all proba- bility, the work would have been better done had it been en- trusted to more hands. So far as I have at present observed, out of eight volumes that have appeared, only part of one (the Cyprezeidze) is the work of a collaborator. A practical student of shells is apt to become convinced that a prolonged study is insufficient to master the problems connected with even a single genus; how much more must this be the case with the mono- srapher of all the known genera? It was inevitable, therefore, at the outset, that Mr. Tryon’s work should be, in a certain sense, a failure, simply because he attempted single-handed a task which might well have occupied the brains and energies of fifty men. Although several of what may be called congratulatory notices of the work have appeared—notably those by Kobelt in the ‘Jahb. der Malak. Gesellsch.’, by M. Crosse in the ‘ Journal de Conchyliologie,’ and by an author in the ‘ Journal of Con- chology ’—nothing in the way of detailed criticism by students * Since this paper was written, the news of the lamented death of Mr. Tryon has reached us. It has been thought best to make no alterations in a criticism of what every student must know to he'a very difficult piece of work, Ves: 322 COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. of particular genera has at present fallen in my way. I venture therefore to offer the following notes on the genus Purpura proper, in the hope that the example may be followed by other students better qualified than myself to pronounce on other genera. Vol. II. p. 160.—P. persica L. ‘P. inerma Reeve does not differ.’ This is a serious error. Tryon has been misled by the somewhat patulous mouth and the dashes of white on the body whorl of zzerma, which, zz a figure, suggest a momentary rem- iniscence of fersica. He cannot have seen shells named from the type, which is as different as possible from ferséca in sculp- ture (particularly of the spire) and coloration. The outer lip of persica is invariably deeply stained inside with chestnut, while the whorls are ringed with narrow bands in which white and chocolate succeed one another with great regularity. Neither of these characteristics are present in zverma, which has also a much higher spire. I regard the species (¢zerma, by the way, is a strange mistake for vermis, ze. ‘destitute of tubercles’) as a non-tuberculated variety of P. déserialis Blainv., which is the West Coast American form of haemastoma L. The locality, unknown to Reeve, is probably Ecuador. A tablet in the British Museum gives Bay of Panama (Cuming), where I can vouch for its not occurring. D’Orbigny’s collection in the same museum contains specimens (labelled P. haemastoma) said to be from Brazil, but it is very doubtful whether this form of haemastoma occurs on the Western shores of the Atlantic. I do not advance this view of the true position of zmerma without having examined hundreds of specimens of P. dcserialis, and it must be recollected that the Purpura group is peculiarly liable to variation in the tubercles with which so many of the species are decorated. Page 161.—P. columellaris Lam. ‘ P. leucostoma Desh. does not present any well-marked distinctive characters.’ J.C., v., July, 1888, COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. 323 Tryon banishes to his index the important fact that P. Zeu- costoma is a Bourbon shell, described by Deshayes in his ‘Conch. de l’ Ile de Réunion,’ p. 116. Nor does he attempt to explain why L. columellaris, a shell confined to a restricted portion of the West Coast of Central America and to the Galapagos, should turn up in the middle of the Indian Ocean and nowhere else. ‘The distribution of the Purpuree is very well marked, and in every case continuous, and not a single example occurs of a break in the area of distribution. This fact alone is decisive of the non-identity of the two species. LP. leucostoma has never again been recognised; it may be doubted whether it is a Purpura at all. Page 162.—P. hippocastaneum Lam. ‘ P. bitubercularis Lam. is merely a black WAVING cedeonede it has no distinctive characters in the tuberculation.’ Few will care to follow Tryon in his union of these two species. Indeed, as I have never met a single conchologist who agreed with him on this point, but many who condemned him, it is needless to discuss the matter at length. It is a curi- ous fact that he does not figure the typical Azppocastaneum at all. Many of his figures are copied from Kiener, and Kiener figures as hippocastaneum am. an undoubted specimen of bctubercularts. The true Aippocastaneum Lam. (that of Linné being by universal consent incapable of determination) is admirably figured by Reeve, ‘Conch. Ic.,’ pl. vili., fig. 34c, and differs completely from ditubercularis. ‘Yhis difference is most marked in a point where Tryon says there is ‘no distinctive character,’ viz., in the tuberculation. The tubercles of Azppocastaneum are always more or less foliated, those of d¢tubercularis never. This error naturally involves others. PP. savigny¢ Desh. and P. distinguenda Dunk. are varieties of db¢¢ubercularis, not of hippocastaneum. LP. intermedia Kien. is a variety not of bztuber- cularis but of pica Bl. A much worse blunder follows. /P. ocellata Kien. is stated to be the young of P. ¢ztermedia Kien. 324 COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. One would have thought it impossible for any conchologist who had read Kiener’s description of his oce//a/a, and looked at his figure (copied by Tryon), to avoid recognising in it the young’ of the well-known MMJonoceros brevidentatum Gray. Indeed, Tryon himself appears at one time to have seen this, for in his Index he gives P. ocellata Kien. (t. 37, f. 86) as—=dMonoceros brevidentatum. But in the very next line he says P. ocellata. Kien. (t. 37, f. 86)=P. Aippocastaneum var. This is somewhat bewildering. But as he does not under Jon. brevidentatum (p. 194) recognise ocel/ata Kien. asa synonym, we must conclude that he holds to the opinion expressed on page 162, an opinion manifestly erroneous. The locality ‘Panama’ for dctubercularis, quoted on Cum- ing’s authority, is incorrect. The species ranges from Suez and Aden (as the var. saviguyi) to N. Australia and the S. Pacific (type); also to Japan. No Polynesian Purpura occurs on the western coasts of America. Page 163.—P. ftumulosa Reeve. ‘The adult specimen (P. bronnz)...1s remarkable...’ This implies that ¢e/z/osa is an immature shell, and that Bronni is the full-grown form. An examination of the type of tumulosa at the British Museum shows that it is by no means an immature shell, but is, on the contrary, stout and thickened with age. It is, further, a very remarkable, almost monstrous variety of P. drtubercularts, in which the tubercles are rounded and of enormous size, almost entirely covering the surface of the body whorl. Save for the fact that it, too, possesses tubercles, P. dvoznt is absolutely distinct. It is scarcely even a variety, but only a somewhat smaller form, of Zw¢eostoma Chem. Page 163.—P. armigera Chem. ‘FP. affinis Reeve is the Reeve describes and figures (‘ Conch. Ic.,’ f. 77) as affines a shell manifestly adult. 477s is a dwarf, not a young, form of armigera. J.C., v., July, 1888, COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. 325 Page 164.—P. mancinella L. ‘P. aegrota Reeve...is one of these intermediate forms’ [between mancinella and echinata]. This is another guess from the look of the figure, in which a touch of yellow at the lips might suggest a reminiscence of mancinella, Aegrota, however, when the type is consulted, turns out to be a very remarkable variety of textiliosa Lam., in which the spire is somewhat produced, and blunt tubercles are formed on the shoulder of the body whorl, while the yellow colour almosts always present on the lip of ¢extz/iosa is slightly deepened. Although the perfect form of aegvota is exceedingly rare, I have noticed specimens of éexti/dosa with incipient tubercles, which form a passage to that form. Iam at a loss to understand whence Tryon has derived his locality, ‘W. Coast Central America’ and ‘ Peru’ for man- cinella. It inhabits the coasts of the Indian Ocean from Natal and Aden to N. Australia and S. Polynesia, but never occurs on the American coasts. Page 166.—P. rustica Lam. ‘P. marmorata Pease appears to be the same species.’ This again looks as if Tryon could not have seen speci- mens of marmorata. What that species really is I do not pre- tend to be able to determine. Not more than a dozen specimens appear ever to have been found (they were dead shells collected by Mr. Andrew Garrett), and those that I have seen are in such wretched condition from the scraping and oiling process which they have undergone that it is impossible to pronounce upon them, except that they bear no affinity to rustica Lam. Page 167.—P. haemastoma \y var. undata Lam. ‘ By common consent the usual W. Indian manifestation of P. hae- mastoma bears this name, although the form which it character- izes 1s equally common on the W. Coast of America.’ Into the vexed question of the identification of the La- marckian P. wndata I do not propose to enter, although I suspect that ‘common consent’ is here at fault. But it is incorrect to 326 COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. say that the W. Indian form now generally known as wndata Lam. is ‘equally common on the W. Coast of America.’ The W. Indian and W. American forms may have a common origin, but at present they are completely distinct, and no one who has given careful study to large series of specimens could possibly confound them. Carpenter worked out the synonymy and the distribution of the various forms in his Catalogue of Mazatlan Shells (p. 477). Reeve, by figuring as Lamarck’s wndata an undoubted specimen of dzserialzs Blainv. (the W. coast form of haemastoma), and C. B. Adams, by identifying this same form (‘ Panama Shells,’ pp. 80 —81) with wxdata Lam. have both contributed to the confusion and perhaps led Tryon astray. Page 169.—P. haemastoma VL. var. Blainvillet Desh. ‘To this form belong...P. /anellz Kien.’ P. Janelli Kien., is a Cantharus ! Page 178.—‘ P. nux Reeve=Murex Edwardst Payr.’ Such an astonishingly bad guess as this carries its own refutation. Page 200.-—‘ Cuma purpuroides D’Orb. (=C. fusiformis Blainy.). This well-known species...is said to have a fusoid operculum, it will therefore be described and figured in Vol. III. of this work.’ Turning to Vol. III. p. 109, we read :— ‘ Melongena fustformis Blainv. ‘This shell is apparently very closely related to Cuma kiosguiformis, but the operculum, according to D’Orbigny, is not purpuroid...... I cannot help thinking that the great French naturalist was mistaken as to the operculum.’ The conviction steadily gains ground that Tryon cannot possibly have seen some of the shells about which he writes. ‘The idea of suggesting that a shell with a stout bushy epidermis could be a Purpura! The idea of venturing to contradict the J.C., v., July, 1888. COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. 2 man who had himself gathered the shell in its native haunts by dozens, and in whose collection they may still be seen, with their claw-shaped opercula to testify to his entire and unassail- able correctness of observation ! Page 200.—C. carinifera Iam. ‘ Philippines, Ascension Isles, St. Helena.’ The last two of these localities rest on no valid authority. Tryon no doubt puts them down to carinifera on the strength of the misidentification dealt with in the next paragraph. Page 202.—C. muricina Blainv. ‘A number of authors have assigned this species erroneously to Cuma, among them Pease (‘Am. Jour. Conch.,’ IV., i.), who quotes among the synonyms P. ¢furbinata Blainv., which—=Cuma carinifera Lam.’ _ This is a remarkable instance of the effect of haste upon Tryon’s work. In the first place Pease, in the passage referred to, never mentions a P. /urbinata Bl., because there is no such shell. There is a ¢urbinordes Blainv., and it is to this that Pease refers. In the second place, P. ¢urbinoides Blainv. does not equal cariutfera Lam. Turbinotdes Blainv. is the same shell as ¢hzarella Quoy (‘ Voy. Astr.,’ pl. 39, figs. 4, 5, 6), indeed Blainville refers to Quoy’s figure of ¢Azare//a as illustrating his turbinoides. Tryon (probably without examining the figure or description) jumps to the conclusion that ¢hzarel/a Quoy equals thiarella Lam., which latter is a form of ca7zzzfera Lam., hence his conclusion ‘ P. furbinata Blainv.==Cuma carinifera Lam.’ It should in fairness be added that Quoy makes the same mistake of supposing that his ¢#arel/a is the thiarella of La- marck, a mistake which a study of Quoy’s figures and description - will at once correct. Page 244.—‘ P. muricina Kien., t. 6, f. 136=Murex dubius Sowb.’ Another unhappy guess. Kiener is perfectly correct in his figure of a very young shell of muricina Blainv. (=turbinoides 328 COOKE: ON THE GENUS PURPURA. Blainv.), in which state the tubercles are much more erect and spinose, and the shell much more produced at both ends, than in the adult form. Page 252.—‘ P. rupestris Val. ‘Voy. Venus,’ t. 9, f. =P. lapillus L. var? Valenciennes’ P. rufestris has been correctly regarded as a form of s¢rzaza Mart., with a somewhat patulous mouth. But Tryon, not content with upsetting the received opinion without a word of discussion, actually figures this very same shell (of which t. 9, figs. 1 and ra in the ‘ Venus Atlas’ obviously re- present the back and front views) as a JWonoceros, anda synonym of AZ. lugubre Sowb. (p. 285, pl. 60, f. 293)! Who will venture to explain how the front view of 2. rupestris Val. can be AZonoceros lugubre Sowb., while the back view is -P. /apellus L.? Page 256.—‘ FP. stellarts Hombr. and Jacq.- ‘ Voy. Astr.,’ 22, f. 13, 14==Cuma rugosa Born.’ This identification is open to serious doubt. The authors’ description of the sculpture of s¢ed/arzs by no means corresponds with that of any form of the variable 7ugosa Born. (=sacellum Chem.). To me, sze//ar’s H. and J. looks far more like cuspidata Ad. and Reeve, which latter, by the way, no one who has seen the types will agree with Tryon (p. 163) in regarding as the young of pica Blainv. Page 256.—‘ Buccinum striatum Mart. ‘ Univ. Conch.’ pl. 7=P. succincta Mart.’ Martyn’s figure of his s¢ra¢a, if not magnified (it is over two inches in length), is. certainly very near to his succincta. But the shell now generally recognised as s¢réata Mart. is entirely different from szcc’xcfa, not merely in size and in the character of the ribbing and intersticial striz, but also in such an important point as the dentition. I am informed by my friend, Mr. H. M. Gwatkin, of St. John’s College, that in the case of P. succincla the central tooth has one large notched tooth on each side, al- J.C., v., July, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 320 most equal in size to the central, crenulations beyond ; while in the case of P. striata there are two small teeth, not notched, on either side of the central. This constitutes a radical differ- ence of dentition. Page 261.—‘ P. Woldemarit Kien.=Tritonidea, In Vol. III. we vainly search for Woldemarii as a Triton- tdea, but we find it set down as a Cominel/a. Even then, the identification seems unfortunate, as Tryon makes P. Woldemarii equal (. maculata Mart. Kiener’s figure is far more like C. Limbora Lan. a Helix revelata at Newquay.—A list of the land shells of Newquay, Cornwall, published in the “ Journal of Conchology” for 1887, pp. 164—166 by Mr. J. H. James, does not include the above shell. I found felzx reve- lata at Newquay last summer, in its usual habitat, viz., high grassy downs facing, or not far from the sea. I do not think the shell has been previously recorded from the north coast of Cornwall. <=> Helix pisana var. minor Bourg.—Some little time ago Mr. C. Jeffrey, of Tenby, kindly sent me a number of small specimens (collected in that neighbourhood) of this species, the bulk of which answered exactly to Bourguignat’s description, which fixes the larger diameter as 15 mill. One of the speci- mens is exceptionally minute and in its greatest width only reaches ro mill.—Jno. W. Tavtor, May 2oth, 1888. Respiration of Ancylus fluviatilis.—According to the text-books there appears to be a difficulty in accounting for the manner in which this species obtains its supply of air, and not having seen an explanation, I wish to offer the following suggestion for the consideration of the readers of this journal. As the minute vegetation on which this mollusk feeds is during the hours of day, constantly giving off small bubbles of nearly pure oxygen, these may easily be received into the air-chamber and retained for the purpose of respiration, this gas being five times as effective as compared with atmospheric air, a very small portion only would be needed for the animal’s use.—W. A. GAIN, M.C.S., May 18th, 1888. Unio pictorum var. latior Jeffr. in Lancashire.— Mr. R. Standen has recently given me a specimen of Unz0 pictorum found in the canal at Burnley by Dr. Long which is referable to this variety.—JNo. W. TayLor, May roth, 1888. 332 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. NOTES ON MITRA (COSTELLARIA) RUGOSA (SWAINSON). By JAMES COSMO MELVILLE, M.A., F.L.S. (Read before the Conchological Society, Dec. 15th, 1887). In an appendix to the Catalogue of the celebrated collection of shells belonging to the Earl of ‘Tankerville, dispersed in 1825, the elder Mr. Sowerby gave short accounts of a few of the rarer or more Curious species there contained. Amongst them is to be found a fair description of the then as now unique mollusc, Mitra rugosa (Swainson), which was numbered 2097 in the catalogue. It is worth while transcribing this as follows, pp. XXVIl. XXVIII. :-— “WM. testa, subfusiformi, perforata, turrita, rugosa, decus- “ satim sulcata ; anfractibus angulatis, anfractu basali medio “ contracto, bast subrecurva.” ‘Shell. subfusiform, perforated, turreted, rough with ““ decussated grooves, whorls angulated, basal whorl contracted “ in the middle, base subrecurved.” ~ ORSam lube shape of this curious species comes nearest “‘ to that of JZ. costel/arts, but the spire is longer in proportion, ‘“‘and the basal part less contracted. The whole shell is “rendered very rough by numerous deep grooves, which are ‘* decussated at nearly equal distances ; the interstices resemble “‘ excavated hollows, and make the elevated parts granulated ; ‘‘ the volutions are obtusely angulated, and the middle of the “ body whori contracted. Throat striated ; outer lip crenated, ““ base slightly recurved, pillar five-plaited, colour pale, slightly “clouded with brown. Length 1,4 in.” Thus wrote Mr. Sowerby, and his description is so accurate as hardly to need comment. We should hardly, however, have compared the shell before us to JZ. costellaris (Lam.). J.C v., July, 1888: MELVILL: ON MITRA RUGOSA. 333 Mr. Lovell Reeve, in September 1844, published Plate xiv. of his Monograph of Mitra in the ‘ Conch. Iconica,’ and gave a figure (No. 1or) of the dorsal side only of this species,* which at that time was in the possession of the late Thomas -Nortris, Esq., Howick House, Preston.+ He re-wrote the description, in Latin and English, giving the name of the describer, how- ever, as Sowerby, not Swainson. A slight error in nomencla- ture has thus arisen, and as A@¢ra rugosa (Sowb.) is occasionally found in catalogues—as in Paetel’s—as a synonym of JZ (Lurricula) corrugata (Lamarck), the confusion is much in- creased. According to the inflexible law of priority this well-known species corrugata (Lamk.) is the true vugosa of Gmelin, Lamarck’s name having been thus antedated by some years. That specific title will accordingly have to be restored Tosum up, there is zo JZ. rugosa (Sowb.), Gmelin and Swainson being the only authors who selected this term for any member of the genus. The rule of priority in every other branch of natural science so increasingly and peremptorily recognized, must become equally paramount in conchology: according to its dictates a complete revision of molluscan nomenclature has become com- pulsory. It will therefore doubtless be necessary to re-christen Swainson’s species, and the name of that author being un- fortunately preoccupied by a rare species described by Mr. Broderip, from Columbia, I would suggest Zaskervillei, after the former possessor of this still unique specimen. Its locality is unknown, but most probably it is a native of Eastern seas. The true affinity of the shell lies with JZ angulosa (Kister) and JZ, mirabilis (Adams). * Sowerby, ‘ Thes. Conch. Mitra,’ pl. xxiv. fig. 533, also gives a similar figure. + At the dispersion of that collection in 1873 it was purchased by Dr. Prevost, of Alengon, and, upon his death, I acquired the specimen. 334 MELVILL: ON MITRA RUGOSA. My chief object, however, in calling attention to the subject at the present juncture is to defend its rights as a species. The author of the ‘Manual of Conchology,’ in what he terms a ‘Conservative policy,’ though it had perhaps better be termed a Radical movement, seeks to prove this a mere variety of JZ. Cumingit (Reeve), a species with which it has hardly any relationship. I quote Mr. Tryon’s words, ‘ Manual of Con- chology,’ vol. iv. p. 170: “ Turricula rugosa (Sowb.) (fig. 439) of which only a single specimen is known, appears to differ [from 17. Cumingit] only in the somewhat greater prominence of the revolving sculpture on the body whorl. I think it the same species, if it is, then its priority of publication must cause the adoption of its name instead of that of Cumzngzt.” Whether the author expresses a doubt or not upon this subject is not very material, for this luckless shell is favoured with a somewhat roughly executed figure of some totally differ- ent species (fig. 439), while what is apparently copied from Reeve’s well-known figure of JZ rugosa is made to do duty for M. Montrouszierit (Souverbie) (fig. 440), from New Caledonia. This is merely one of many instances which I have been sorry to see marring the utility and perfection of so compre- hensive a work as the ‘ Manual of Conchology.’ When the author has been able personally to compare and trace the affinities between nearly allied species from long series of speci- mens in the Museum of the Academy, Philadelphia, his con- clusions are mostly weighty and, at all events, worth attention, but there are hundreds of shells which the public and private collections of this country or the continent of Europe alone possess ; relying here on descriptions or plates he has not so often been successful in the interpretation of their characteristics or affinities. There are hardly two Mitras so different from each other as MZ. Cumingit and MM. rugosa, and it may not be amiss to demonstrate briefly the more salient points of distinction ;— J C., v., July, 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 335 M. Cumingit (Rve.). M. rugosa (Swains.). SIPBIDS cocose Distinctly ovate-oblong .......-- Fusiform attenuated. SONS — soneos Obtusely turreted ..............+.-- Sharply acuminate. Whorls...... Upper part angulated ............ Upper part depressed. Ribs ......... IDIGHACE . soscons000300Sna0a00DI07 29006 None; but strongly latticed with transverse longitudinal ridges. Columellayplounplaitedmess:.-scs.ss+ eee Five plaited. ILA s0083000¢ Outer lip very slightly crenate...Strongly crenate. base somewhat truncate ...... base recurved. Coloration White, with orange blotches...White; slight speckles and and and black interrupted re- spots of brown ; no orange markings volving limes ...........066 seveee or black lines. I have already stated what are probably the nearest allies of M. rugosa; as to M. Cumingti J doubt its belonging to the subgenus Costel/arza at all. It would rather seem akin to M. patriarchalis (Lam.), a handsome and well known species of the subgenus /usta. It is gratifying to see my views con- firmed by Herr Paetel, who has adopted this course in his ‘Conchylien Sammlung,’ 1883. Again, while on this subject, I can hardly agree with Mr. Tryon in also relegating JZ clathrata (Reeve) to the rank of a mere variety of JZ. Cumingiz. This would appear one of the most constant of all the Mitras ; of the many specimens I have seen not one has ever seemed doubtful. The unusually deep cancellations between the thick, obtuse ribs, and the conspicu- ous brown band round the centre of each whorl, are unlike any Mitra excepting JV. (Costellaria) decora (Reeve), near which I fancy it should be placed. Discovery of Helix harpa Say in Switzerland.— Mr. A. E. Craven has recently discovered this species in some numbers at the Riffelalp, near Zermatt, at an elevation of 2,100 metres, under dead wood and especially under the bark of fallen trees of Pinus pinea, a somewhat scarce tree in Switzerland. In the Palearctic region AH. harfa has been recorded previously from Lapland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Amour dis- trict of Siberia.—J. W. Taytor, April roth, 1888. 336 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel- Vierte—Siebente Lieferungen (Gebriider Paetel, Berlin). These four. parts, which embraces pp. 241—560, completes the Scalariidz, Terebridze, Pyramidellide, Eulimide, Styliferidze, Ceritheopsidz, Solariidz, Pleurotomariidee, Conidee, Strombidee, Cypreeide, Cerithide, Melaniide, Littorinide, Viviparide, Rissoide, Valvatide, Ampullariide, Turritellide, Czecide, Vermetida:, Neritidze, and Trochide. With nearly every species mentioned is given indication of the locality or district which it inhabits and a reference to the publication in which the original description or figure may be found.—J. W. T. The Shell-Collector’s Handbook for the Field, by J. W. Williams, M.A., D.Sc. London: Roper & Drowley, 29, Ludgate’ Hill, E.C. This is a small book intended for the pocket of the active Field-worker, so that he can satisfy himself on the spot of the name of any capture of whose identity he is in doubt. It is prefaced by a general anatomical description of the two types of our Land and Freshwater Shells—a freshwater mussel and a Helix. The third chapter is devoted to instructions in collect- ing and preserving Land and Freshwater Shells. Chapter four is a conspectus of the classes, orders, genera, &c., of the British species, and the descriptions are drawn up in a terse and condensed style. The remainder of the work is devoted to the enumeration and description of all the species and varieties of our British Land and Freshwater Shells known to the author at the time of publication, with concise notes upon the stations frequented. ‘The descriptive part of the Volume is interleaved so that the collector may make notes of any point of interest at once, without. waiting until his arrival home. A good feature of the book is the references given to J.C., v., July, 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY Reel detailed and special articles, upon subjects the author has not had space to treat fully upon. An ample glossary concludes the volume, which will (although containing some manifest errors, a result probably of the haste in which the work was evidently compiled), be found useful and handy in many ways by the busy and energetic collector.—J. W. T. ON THE SPECIFIC DISTINCTNESS AND THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TESTACELLA SCUTULUM G. B. SOWERRY. By JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., Membre Honoraire de la Société Malacologique de France. The investigations instituted by myself and Mr. Roebuck with the valued co-operation of Mr. C. Ashford into the structure and distribution of the British Land and Fresh Water Shells, for the forthcoming Monograph of our native species, has led us, amongst other interesting results, to recognise the specific distinctness of Z: scutulum, which discovery I think it desirable to place permanently on record without further delay. History, &c. The Zestacella scutulum was first separated from Z: hadiot- idea as a distinct species by Mr. G. B.Sowerby, in his ‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells’, published in 1823, and figured on Pl. 159 of that work. He described the shell as ‘7Zesta ovata, antice paulum acuminata, extus plana, clavicula arcuata, elevata’, and also remarked upon the near resemblance of the animal to that of Z: haliotidea, and upon the absence of the double row of dorsal tubercles so conspicuous in 7: maugetz. Mr. Sowerby was however very soon afterwards led from the just conclusion he had arrived at by the aid of his own judgment, as Férussac in the same year remarks, ‘Mr. Sowerby having discovered this singular mollusk in England, has erroneously considered that those he observed, differed from French specimens. The ex- 338 TAYLOR: ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. amples he had the kindness to send, has convinced us of his error, and he himself agrees with this view, after a fresh examina- tion. This conclusion of Férussac, yielded to by Mr. Sow- erby, was afterwards generally accepted, Dr. Gray, Forbes & Hanley, Dr. Jeffreys and every recent British author, regarding T. scutulum as only a slight variety of the better known species T. haliotidea. Afterwards, in 1856, Mr. Tapping in the ‘ Zoologist,’ p. 5105, re-described this species as new, under the name of Zestacella Medu-Templt, from specimens found in the Middle-Temple gardens, but, as he only compares his new species with haliotidea and mauget, we are led to infer that he had no practical knowledge of 7. scutulum and had overlooked Sowerby’s figures and de- scription, as we have the high authority of Canon Norman for regarding Tapping’s species as identical with 7. scutulum. The only other names that appear to have been definitely be- stowed on this species, are, that of Zestacella anglica given by Grateloup in his ‘ Dist. Geog. Limac.’ published in 1856, and that of Zestacellus scutatus applied by Lesson in 1838. Organisation, etc. The first discovery of the different organization and conclu- sive demonstration of the just claim of 7: scwtulum to specific rank, was made by Mr. C. Ashford, early in 1885, and its great divergence in certain respects from haliotidea leaves no doubt of its distinctness, in fact, in some points it approaches more closely to mauwget than to the species with which it has hitherto been confounded. Gassies & Fischer in their ‘ Monographie du Genre Testacelle’ say, ‘ Animal similar to that of 7. haldotidea, and rank this form as a variety of that species. As they do not remark upon the striking differences in the structure, it is reason- able to suppose that no anatomical examination was made, or if made they had not the true Z: scautudum before them. The SHELL is usually smaller in proportion to the size of the animal than in 7. ha/iotidea, it is also comparatively longer and more wedge-shaped and has the upper surface much flatter, J.C., v., July, 1888. TAYLOR: ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 339 sometimes even actually concave towards the outer lip, while in 7: haliotidea the upper surface is always more or less markedly con- vex. The nucleus is placed at an angle of about 60° or 70° to what may be called the vertical line, while in 7: haliotidea the angle formed is only about 45°. ‘The lines of growth are finer and less rugged in scwtulum, the epidermis is of a brownish color, and the shell generally thinner in substance. ‘The left or columellar side of the shell is more strongly curved—even angular at times—than in Aa/zotidea, which is more regularly and gently arched. On the underside the columella is more strongly arcuate, or almost subangular, and terminates more abruptly, more nearly to the vertical axis of the shell. The projecting apex is seen to be more acute in scwtulum, and to perceptibly overhang on the right, whereas in /a/zofidea it is more central and does not over- hang. The free, thin outer margin is perceptibly darker in color owing to the reddish-brown epidermis being visible through its substance. The muscular scar is crescentic in shape, con- forming in shape to the direction of the lines of growth, and shows also the same pale brownish tint which characterizes the free outer margin. ‘The average size of the shells examined is 5 mill. long, by 3 mill. wide, in the broadest part. The ANIMAL resembles /adlzotidea in general form, but is per- haps rather less attenuated anteriorly. It is usually of a tawny- yellow color, varying in depth of tint in different specimens, and usually besprinkled with minute brown dots, which are less numerous towards the foot, some specimens are however almost destitute of these markings, while in others, the spots by coal- escence, form more or less distinct and regular brown mottlings on the dorsal surface. The sole is usually of a more or less deep uniform yellow. The lateral furrows are closer together on their emergence from beneath the mantle, than in hadiotidea and when the animal is moderately extended, their junction in one common groove may be distinctly seen. The rows of mid- dorsal tubercles so conspicuous in Z. maugei and less so in 7. 340 TAYLOR: ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. haliotidea, are in T. scutulum scarcely perceptible, and the fine longitudinal striz which aid to form them become lost as they approach the head in the usual somewhat uniform granulation of the anterior part of the body. Sexual Organs of 7. haliotidea , ona elorshenn 5 222 y Sexual ee re from Sexually matune, ence) greater, Adult, but not quite sexually mature. development of female organs. ot. ovotestis ; alb. g. albumen gland ; ov. oviduct ; sp. d. sperm duct ; sp. spermatheca 5 v. d. vas deferens ; 7. m. retractor muscle ; jl. flagellum ; p. s. penis-sheath. In its REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, Z: scutulum differs markedly from /aliotidea in the totally and strikingly different form and arrangement of the penis-sheath, which approaches much more nearly to that of 7: maugei* in its general form and comparative simplicity, being long and simple, and though enlarging upwards and sometimes twisted, is without the long and thick flagellum which is so conspicuous a feature in Z: hadiotidea, the vas de- ferens thus enters the penis-sheath terminally in scwtudwm and mauget and laterally in haliotidea. The tongue-like cecal process which is so distinctive of the lower portion of the penis-sheath in Aaliotidea, is quite absent in scu¢ulum, there is * The figure of the sexual organs given by Gassies & Fischer, Monogr. genre Testacella, pl. 1, fig. 15, as characteristic of the genus Testacella, and as specially representing those of 7. mzaugez, really belong to 7. halzotidea. It seems advisable to correct this grave error, as Signor C. Pollonera in his recently published elaborate paper on Spanish and Italian Testacellz, credits T. mauget with the possession of a flagellum, apparently on the authority of the aboye-mentioned distinguished authors. J.C., v., July, 1888, TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 341 also, but a single retractor muscle to this organ in scw¢ulum and mauget, While haliotidea has in addition one and sometimes even two slender lateral retractors. The difference in size of the female organs, as represented in the figures, is chiefly due to unequal sexual development in the specimens examined, and is not a matter of importance. The enormous LINGUAL SHEATH tapers off behind into a very powerful muscle, or combination of two, three, or four partially independent ones, and has in addition its hinder half attached laterally to the skin of left side, near the dorsal line, by a series of ten to twenty conspicuous muscular bands, running parallel to each other and fixed at independent points, 7 scutulum differs from /alzotidea in this character, insomuch that these lateral muscles, though variable in number, are constantly less numerous than in /a/zotzdea, where they generally exceed twenty. T. mauget has terminal muscles only. The LINGUAL RIBBON of a specimen of Z. scutulum from Chiswick, collected by Mr. S. C. Cockerell and prepared for me by Mr. Neville, contains 46 rows of teeth, with 34 in each row, totalling 1564 teeth, while a specimen of 7. Aaliotidea sent us from Oxford by Mr. E. B. Poulton, has only 38 rows, each con- taining 36 teeth, or a total of 1368. In all our British species of Testacella there seems to be a tendency to develop along the medial line a central rudimentary tooth. The angle formed by the convergence of the rows of teeth towards the centre of the ribbon is much more acute in /aliotidea than in seutulium. 1) 13 ee 5 5 Teeth of 7. haliotidea x 4o. Teeth of 7. scutulum x 40. The reeru of Z: scufulum differ from those of haltotidea in being more slender, not so much curved, and with the barbed end not nearly so large and strong, while the prominently de- 342 TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. veloped protuberance on the concave side of the tooth is much nearer the posterior end. They seem also to be deficient of the blade which I have detected on the convex side of the teeth of haliotidea at the apical end. ‘The figures of the dentition of scutulum axe carefully traced from a photograph taken by Mr. Cooke of a Guernsey specimen and represent the 5th and 13th spinules of one of the middle series. ‘Those of 7: Aalzotzdea also represent the 5th and 13th teeth of one of the median rows,and are copied from the photo. of a preparation by Mr. Butterell of a Beverley specimen. There is however some variation, both in the aspect of the teeth of the two species and also in their number—both of which characters are said to be dependent on age—as Gray gives for T. haliotidea, twenty longitudinal rows only, while Rimmer — states fifty rows of fifty-one teeth each, for the same species. The sroMacd is whitish and spindle-shaped in 7: haliotidea, but oval and brown, with longitudinal whitish stripes in scetaulum and maugez, but no stress should be laid on these points, as both the shape and color of this organ are a good deal de- pendent upon the amount and condition of its contents. The glo- bular enlargement of the canal, at the point where it receives the biliary secretions is much more conspicuous in scutulum, than in the other two species, and the liver in scutudum and maugel is reticulated with white. Geographical Distribution. This species has been recorded under its varietal name from France, Spain, England, Scotland and Ireland. The Irish records are probably erroneous and may refer to 7: Aadlzote¢dea, as a spirit specimen in my possession, collected at Youghal by Miss Ball, is without doubt that species. So far as is definitely known at the present time, Z sczz¢z/um is not found west of a line drawn from the Isle of Wight to Cheshire. To help us to a better appreciation of what is known on the subject, it will be advisable to give the distribution in detail under each district in which it 1s stated to have been found. J.C., v., July, 1888. TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 343 If,as I suspect Z: b¢sulcata and T. pecchioliz should eventually prove to be specifically identical with the present species, its area of distribution abroad will be considerably increased, and will extend even into Africa. ENGLAND. Devon, S.—Gardens at Plymouth. Alder, Mag. Zool. & Bot., 1838. Devon, N.—Gardens at Bideford. Alder, Mag. Zool. & Bot., 1838. Somerset, S.—The Testacella, figured and described as 7. scutulum, Nat. vili, p. 179, as found at Taunton, is evidently not that form, but 7: mauget. Norman, Moll. Som., 1860. Somerset, N.—Leigh woods, rare, T. G. Ponton, 1862. Prof. Leipner’s Bristol List, 1875. Isle of Wight.—Numerous in a garden at Newport, it is also found in other gardens there. W. Jeffery, J. of C., ili, p. 313, 1882. Sussex, W.—Mr. Jeffery, about 1880, turned out in his garden at Ratham, Chichester, a half-dozen specimens, sent to him from Newport, I. of W. In Nov. 1883, he kindly sent a living example, presumably a descendant of the imported Isle of Wight specimens. Kent, E.—A specimen from Folkestone, and one from a garden near Faversham were shown by Miss E. Bb. Fairbrass, at meetings of the Con- chological Society in 1884. Kent, W.—A specimen collected by Mr. A. H. Cooke, at Mabledon, Ton- bridge, and now in his collection, has been shown to us. Surrey.—The original specimens from which this species was described were obtained by Mr. Sowerby, from a garden, Kennington road, Lambeth. The specimens in British Museum, labelled ‘ 7. halrotidea, Surrey,’ and ‘7. haliotidea, Lambeth,’ should now be labelled 7. scutulum, as I am satisfied from an examination of them, that they belong to this species. Used to be very common twenty-five years ago, in Mr. Ivery’s Nursery gardens at Dorking! R. D. Darbishire, 1885. Kew Gardens, and in April, 1884, in the garden of 66, Gloucester road, Kew! R.A. Rolfe, 1884. Wray Park, [published as 7. haliotidea, but probably 7. scutulum.|. G. S. & E. Saunders, Reigate list, 1861. One shell found under beech leaves, Headley lane, near Boxhill, April 1886, by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell! The Testacella found by J. T. Horne, in 1868, in Croydon School gardens and recorded in the ‘ Nat. Hist. Journal’ for 1878 without specific name, was probably 7. scutulume. Herts.— Mr. John Hopkinson, F.L.S., in Feb. 1884, sent us two living specimens, collected by Mr. B. Piffard in his garden at Hemel Hempstead. Middlesex.—All the specimens I have seen from Middlesex, belong to T. scutulum, except the specimens Of 7. wzaugez in British Museum labelled as from a garden at Kensington, and the shells from ‘near London’ of the 344 TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. same species in Bean’s’ collection in the Scarborough Museum, but which are labelled as 7. haliotidea—I will therefore cite all the localities for Testa- cella known to me, recorded or otherwise—in detail. Stamford Hill, first noticed in 1829. T. Blair, loudon’s Mag , 1833. Notting Hill Terrace, Kensington; not rare in the forcing and kitchen gar- dens, attached to Kensington Palace. Mr. J. de C. Sowerby states that it has been found beside Hampstead road. J. Denson, Loudon’s Mag., 1833. In gardens in the neighbourhood of London, and has we believe been found plentifully in gardens at Hammersmith, in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent’s Park, and in fields and gardens about Hampstead and Hendon. J. Mc.Intosh, Naturalist, 1853. In one part of the Middle Temple gardens under the protection of a S. W. wall, where it has been known to occur for 10 years [This locality was given for 7. medii-templi, when described as new.]. T. Tapping, Zool., 1856. Occasionally in gardens at Stoke Newington, E. R. Allen, ‘ Field,’ 1885, p. 282. Mr. C. F. Minor’s garden at Whetstone, T. D. A. Cockerell, ‘ Field,’ 1885, p. 607. Occasionally from 1861—1881, in the back-garden of a house at Haverstock Hill, formerly the site ot a. Nursery garden. W. C, Atkinson, 1885. In 1875, J. E. Harting in his ‘Rambles in search of Shells’, repeats several records and adds the Circus road, and Adelaide road, St. John’s Wood. Formerly abundant in the gardens of Burlington Cottage, Turnham Green. Rev. S. Spencer Pearce, 1885. Winchmore Hill, 1884. Lionel E. Adams. Common in gardens, Woodstock road, Bedford Park, Chiswick, 1885! T. D. A. & S. C. Cockerell. In the kitchen-garden of Upper Holloway Railway Station, Islington, N., April 30, 1888! II. Wallis Kew. The specimens in the British Museum, labelled ‘7. haliotidea, Chiswick’, are incorrectly named, they should be referred to the present species. Norfolk, E.—The Rev. Dr. Churchill Babington’s collection, contains a specimen received from Mr. J. Reeve in 1880, and stated to be from the Ipswich road, by Mackie’s Nursery, Norwich ! The specimens recorded as 7. haliotidea by W. K. & J. B. Bridgman and others as from Mackie’s Nursery grounds, Norwich, are probably this species. Found somewhat abundantly in October 1884, at Foulsham by Rev. J. W. Horsley, a specimen from which place we have seen through the courtesy of Mr. Sydney C. Cockerell. Norfolk, W.—The Rev. Dr. Churchill Babington has kindly sent us specimens from King’s Lynn, received from Miss Peckover, Gloucester, W.—Gardens at Clifton, rare, T. G. Ponton, 1862. Prof. Leipner’s Bristol list, 1875. Catlow’s Popular Conchology, 1854, states that a Mrs. Smith of Bristol, first noticed 7. scwtidum as British, finding shells in her garden, and after- wards discovering the animal. It would be interesting to know what found- ation exists for the statement. J C., v., July, 1888. TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 345 Worcester.—Mr. G. Reece, of the Worcester Museum, kindly sent in Novr., 1883, a specimen found by Mr. W. Wood, in his garden in the city. Mr. Reece adds the information, that he finds it in the gardens of Barbourne Terrace and Britannia Square, both places within Worcester borough. Leicester.— Belvoir Castle gardens, from which place specimens were sent in Jan. 1888, by the head-gardener, Mr. Ingram, to Mr. Quilter, who kindly forwarded them to me for identification. Nottingham.—Common according to Mr. R. A. Rolfe, in the gardens and forcing-houses at Welbeck Abbey, where they were first noticed in 1878, the greatest number of specimens were collected in one of the long Peach- houses. In 1884, we received one of Mr. Rolfe’s specimens, through the kind- ness of Mr. C. T. Musson, who had by error published the discovery in 1879, as 7. mauget, afterwards altered by him to Aaliotidea, under which name Mr. Rolfe and others also record the occurrence. Cheshire.—Mr. J. T. Riches finds this species fairly numerous at Hoole, and sent us a small specimen in November 1883. Mr. T. Ruddy has found it on the rockwork in the Nurseries of Messrs. Dickson & Sons, of Chester. Mr. G. W. Shrubsole (Proc. Chester Soc. Nat. Sci., 1884.) records it as rare in Upton lanes, Chester, and in some grassy lanes adjoining extensive Nursery grounds, from which locality he sent us a living specimen in 1886. Yorkshire.—The Testacellze found by Mr. John Emmet at Padman’s Nurseries, Boston Spa, and the specimen found at Headingley, near Leeds, by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, judging from the descriptions, probably belong to this species, but accidental circumstances have prevented our seeing and verifying the species. Specimens labelled ‘ 7 sczetulum, Beverley, Yorkshire,’ are, as I am in- formed by Dr. J. W. Williams, in the Museum of the Middlesex Hospital Medical College, but they are doubtless referable to 7. haliotidea, a species known to occur commonly at Beverley. Durham.—Through the kindness of Mr. R. Y. Green, we received two specimens found in November, 1876, in the garden of Mr. Edward Crawshay, Bensham Hall, near Gateshead. Mr. Howse, Curator of the Newcastle Museum, informs us that it is also found further up the Tyne at Axwell Park, &e. SCOTLAND. Fife and Kinross.—Only one locality is as yet known in Scotland, viz. : The St. Brycedale Nurseries of Messrs. E. Sang & Sons, of Kirkcaldy, where it has been known to exist for twenty-five years or more, and from which locality we received a living specimen through the influence of the Rev. J. McMurtrie, M.A. IRELAND. Cork, N.—-Discovered many years ago by Mr. R. Ballin the town gardens at Youghal. Ina garden at Bandon a Testacellus has been procured by G. J. Allman. The Irish specimens agree with English examples of v. scztetlam with which I have been favoured by Mr. G. B. Sowerby.—Thompson, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept., 1840. 346 TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. CHANNEL ISLES. Guernsey. — In Guernsey, the late Dr. Lukis was acquainted with Testacella as early as 1801, as it inhabited his garden at that time, and was afterwards discovered at the end of the valley in which his garden was situ- ated. It is also recorded by Cooke & Gwatkin, under the name of 7. haliotidea, as abundant in Guernsey. Specimens supplied for examination by Mr. Tomlin and Mr. Cooke from market-gardens, near St. Peter’s Port, proved the species to be 7. scztelum. Sark.—Messrs.Cooke & Gwatkin also record 7. haldotidea as abundant . at Sark, but the specimens are probably really referable to Z. sczstelaum. The precise locality according to Mr. Cooke is the Seigneurie grounds. FRANCE. Has been collected in many localities in France, Paul Massot, 1876 ; by De Cessac, in the department of the Creuze, Gassies and Fischer, 1856 ; and in the department of the Gironde, where it is common at La Teich, La Teste, Facture, Sallas, &c.—Gassies Mal. Aquitaine, 1876. SPAIN. A specimen collected by Mr. Rk. D. Darbishire, B.A., at Granada, in Andalusia, which he kindly presented to me, was examined internally by Mr. Ashford and shown to be—as far as could be ascertained from a spirit specimen—in general accord with the organization of 7: scatulum, but with fewer lateral muscles to lingual sheath than is usual in that species, and having a short accessory almost filiform muscle near base of penis retractor, not hitherto observed in 7: scztulum. The shell and outer appearance are in accord with 7. scz¢alum with which we may in the present paper regard it to belong. The specimens collected by the Rev. J. W. Horsley at Gibraltar and recorded by myself and others as 7. haliotzdea var. scutilum do not belong to that form, but probably are true 7. haliotidea. Affinities. It is far from improbable that at least two Continental forms will upon critical examination be found to be identical with the present species, these are the Z: dzsulcata of Risso and Z! pec- chiolit of Bourguignat. ‘T. BISULCATA is stated by Dupuy to differ from Z. haliotidea in the warmer colors and the less-distinctly apparent ramified grooves or furrows of the animal. The shell is also stated to be more elongated, narrower anteriorly, very markedly flattened, and the columella truncated anteriorly, but narrower behind, which gives the opening an oboval shape, the epidermis is ferruginous and the surface is finely and rather regularly striate, while the J.C., v., July, 1888. TAYLOR : ON TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 347 aperture of Z. haliotidea is oval, the epidermis is greyish or blackish, the surface always marked with coarse and irregular lines of growth, and the shell more or less strikingly convex. In addition to the above points of difference between Z. dzsulcata and 7: haliotidea, and which apply equally well to Z: scutulum, I would in further confirmation point out that the figure of the teeth of TZ. disulcata given by Gassies and Fischer is practically identical with those of Z. scudulum, especially in the comparative slenderness of their form and the reduced dimensions of the barbed end. Lovell Reeve, ‘ Brit. Land and Freshwater Mollusks,’ seems to quite misapprehend the characters of 7° dzsw/cata, evidently regarding the sulci from which this form received its name, as a peculiarity of the shell. T. PECCHIOL is only known to us by the figure of the sexual organs given by Pollonera in the ‘ Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Com- par.’ vol. i, pl. il, fig. 18, and by his remarks thereon, all of which agree completely with 7: scutu/wm. If the arrangement and number of the muscles of the lingual sheath also coincide there can then be no reason for maintaining Z) pecchioliz as a species distinct from 7Z. scutulium. It may further be remarked in corroboration of the views here expressed that Tryon (‘ Man. Conch. Pulm. 1., 11, 1884) is of opinion that the form called by the name fecchiolit is very closely allied to dzsudcata. I hope that with the kind and generous help of fellow-con- chologists the full distribution of Z: scutulum may be worked out, and the identity or otherwise of Z. pecchiolit, T. bisulcata, and other forms definitely determined by the new material which I trust our co-workers will exert themselves to procure. a ee Helix revelata and Pupa umbilicata var. alba at Newquay.—To the list of shells found by Mr. J. H. James at Newquay, Cornwall, I can add Helex revelata and Pupa umbilt- cata var. alba, of each of which I found two examples only. The Helix revelata was among weeds and grass on the cliff, the fupa among moss in a damp lane.—S. J. Da Costa, May, 1888. 348 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. TWO NEW SIPHONALILZ FROM JAPAN. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL, M.A., F.L.S. Siphonalia mikado sp. nov. S. testa subfustformi, turrité, acume- nati, brunned, bast obligué recur- virestrt, anfractibus angulatis, transverstm elevatostriatis, ad angulum costatis, costis prominen- tibus, superné reticulatis, fuuce ad aperturam ipsam liratd, intus leve. Long. 55 mill., Lat. 2:9 mill. Habitat Japoniam. Shell somewhat fusiform, turrited, acuminate, brown, base obliquely re- curved, beaked, whorls angulated, transversely ridged, ribbed at the angle with prominent noduled ribs, which are reticulate on the upper whorls, interior lirate at the aperture, but smooth within. Siphonalia pseudo-buccinum sp. nov. S. testa ovato-fustformi, bast subrecurvéa, transversim lirata, lirts elevatts, ochracets, superne longttudinaliter crenulata ut in Buccino undato, anfractu ultimo feré planato, apertura subangusta, tntus crebriltrata. Long. 4:7 mill., Lat. 2°4 mill. Habitat Japoniam. Shell ovate-fusiform, base somewhat recurved, transversely lirate, strize elevated, ochraceous, round the upper whorls longitudinally waved crenate, J.C., v., July, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 349 asin Buccinum undatum (1..), the body whorl is, however, nearly smooth (except for the transverse lire), aperture rather narrow, much striate within. - Last year these two interesting species came into my possession, both, so far as is known, unique at the present time. They have not been noticed by either Dunker or Lischke, and are an important addition to a genus only comparatively recently separated from Fusus by Mr. Arthur Adams, and which has its headquarters in Japanese waters. Paetel’s new catalogue (1887) embraces about forty species of this genus, of which more than half occur in Japan, the remainder being about equally dis- tributed in California, Tasmania, and New Zealand. S. mikado is one of the handsomest and most distinct of all the species, it may not, therefore, be considered amiss to give it a regal attribute in honour of the monarch of its native country. S. pseudo-buccinum is nearest allied to S. fusozdes (Reeve), figured in the ‘Conchologia Iconica’ as a Buccinum, in company with S. segnum, S. trochulus, S. varicosa, S. cassidarieformis, all of Reeve, being the first described species of what bids fair to become a genus as extensive as it is well defined. Bs a) gt een PROCEEDINGS or tHE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. NOTICE.—ALL Communications for the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland should be addressed to the Secretary, THOS. W. BELL, 2, Carr Lane, Leeds. Meeting HELD AT THE MUSEUM, APRIL 4TH, 1888. Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.\L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. DONATIONS. “Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society,” 1886-87.— Presented by the Society. NEW MEMBERS. The undernamed were duly elected members of the Society: (Mrs.) Mary Heitland; Rev. Geo. Bailey, F.R.M.S. ; Messrs. 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. F. Stanley, Jno. Clegg, E. Deschamps, D. Robertson, F.L.S., EiG.S Jo Us 2 Reed, LA RSG Pies. Edin aMiark Stim: F.G.S., and W. J. Jones, jun. Mr. G. G. C. Storrs, of Sandown Vicarage, Isle of Wight, was nominated for membership by Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., and Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The Chairman showed a number of specimens, on behalf of Mr. Barrett Hamilton, from Kilmanock, New Ross, Wexford Co., including examples of Heltx concinna, H. riufescens, H.. rotundata, Arion bourguignati, A. hortensts, and Limax flavus; also on behalf of Mrs. Heitland, the following from Shrewsbury: Zonztes cellarius, Z. nitidulus, Pupa umbilicata, P. marginata, Limnea peregra, Spherium rivicola, &c. Meeting HELD AT THE MUSEUM, MAY 2ND, 1888. Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. The correspondence for the month was laid on the table. The Secretary announced that the following donations had been made to the “ Cabinet ” Fund :—Mr. S. J. Da Costa, ros. ; Mr. Wm. Whitwell, ros.; Mr. G. B. Sowerby, F.LS., F.ZS., Loss. and Mir EP Dale, oR GS. sh less. eZS), Los: DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table :— Twenty species of Marine Shells from the West of Scotland.— Presented by Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S. /berus mertdionalis and Cyclostoma ligatum from Cape of Good Hope.—Presented by Mrs. A. Evans. “Transactions of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society,” part vil., April, 1888, containing a list of Land and Freshwater Shells of Leicestershire, by Mr. H. E. Quilter.— Presented by Mr. H. E. Quilter. “ Hoge’s List of the Mollusca of the Neighbourhood of Stockton- on-Tees, with Annotations,” by Mr. Baker Hudson (re- _ print).—Presented by Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. J.C., v., July, 1888, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 351 Dretssena polymorpha and Limnea peregra from Stourport and Limnea stagnalis from Hampstead Heath.—Presented by Dr. Williams, M.A. NEW MEMBERS. Mr. George Godwyn Coopland Storrs was duly elected a member of the Society. The following nominations for membership were made :— Rev. Edward S. Dewick, M.A., F.G.S., London, by A. Somer- ville; B.sc., &.L-s., and D. Robertson, F.12S: Alfred Bell, Lambeth, by A. Somerville, B.Sc, F.L.S., and Thos. Scott. H. Hulme Brindley, Uttoxeter, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and’ is,.A. Smith, B.Z.S. entry. b.Daley i RG.S., FR.MUS.,_BUL.S:, ée-,, Cirencester, by Thos..W. Bell and J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. Violet Dale, Cirencester, by T. W. Bell and J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. Mary L. Dale, Torquay, by T. W. Bell and J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. Ellen E. Dale, Torquay, by T. W. Bell and J. W. Taylor, F.LS. Alice M. Dale, Torquay, by T. W. Bell and J. W. Taylor, F.L.S. Chas. A. Whatmore, Wolverhampton, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and Rev. W. Turner. Wm. Dean, Burnley, by A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., and John Ramage. PAPERS READ, “Notes on Marine Shells of South Africa, collected at Port Elizabeth, with descriptions of some new species,” by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., F.Z.S. “ Description of two New Siphonalia from Japan,” by J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. “ On the meaning of Glycogeine Function in the Mollusca,” by Dr. Williams, M.A. ““On the Circumstances Attending Death by Drowning of Helix,” by Dr. Williams, M.A. “ On the Phenomena of Muscle Contraction in the Mollusca,” by Dr. Williams, M.A. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. The Chairman exhibited type specimens of several species of Zonites, Limnzea, and Helix; also a number of Land and 352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Freshwater Shells collected in the Isle of Wight, sent by Mr. J. W. Wood, including the var. zana of 1. hispida and var. radiata of H. virgata; and from Mr. W. Whitwell several species of Helix and Limax, collected by Miss Ffoulkes Jones, at Aber- ayron, Cardiganshire. Meeting HELD AT THE MUSEUM, JUNE 6TH, 1888. Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. DONATIONS. The following donations were announced :— Reprints of Papers by Prof. Ralph Tate, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. : “ Description of some New Species of South Australian Marine and Freshwater Mollusca. “A Revision of the recent Lamellibranch nae. Palliobranch Mollusca of South Australia. —Presented by the Author. The Secretary also announced a donation of ros. to the Cabinet Fund from Mr. H. Coates. Since the date of this meeting the Secretary has received a further donation of Ar from Lieut.-Col. G. S. Parry. NEW MEMBERS. The undernamed were duly elected members of the Society: Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A., F.G.S., Alfred Bell, H. H. Brindley, B.A., H. F. Dale, (Mrs.) Violet Dale, (Miss) M. L. Dale, (Miss) E. E. Dale, (Miss) A. M. Dale, William Dean, and Charles A. Whatmore. Walter Crouch, F.Z.S., of Wanstead, was nominated for membership by G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., F.G.S., and E. A. Smith, K.Z.S. Nominations for the different offices of the Society for 1889 are now desired, and should be sent to the Secretary before September 15th, 1888. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. Thos. Hey, of Derby, sent for exhibition a series of shells collected in Monk’s Dale, in the Peak district of Derby- J.C v., July, 1888.., JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY 353 shire, together with some interesting comments on the specimens shown. The Chairman brought forward the following exhibits from members—From Mr. Collier a series of shells collected by himself at Aberystwith during the month of May, included were specimens of Ancylus fluviatilis, Helix virgata, H. caperata, and cthers; from Mr. Heathcote, of Preston, specimens of Limnea truncatula from various localities; from Mr. Whitwell a collection of slugs and land shells collected by Miss Maddy, at Aberayron, Cardiganshire ; from Mr. S. J. Da Costa an ex- ample of Helzx obvoluta from Norbury Park, Surrey. LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF CARDIGANSHIRE. By EDWARD COLLIER, (Read before the Conchological Society, Aug. rst, 1888, and approved by the referees). HAVING noticed for the last two years that, from the reports of the Conchological Society, Cardiganshire was the only county in England and Wales without any records, I resolved to have a few days at Aberystwyth, as soon as an opportunity occurred, to try and make as complete a list of its Land and Freshwater Mollusca as I could in the time I had at liberty. I was there for a week, from May roth to 26th, but did not find anything like the number of species I expected to do, although I looked well for them ; it was, perhaps, too early in the year, and, also, the weather was almost too fine, as there was not a drop of rain all the time I was there, and so may have missed some species that I might have taken, and others I should have taken much more plentifully. I worked Aberystwyth and district, Borth and Aberayron on the coast, and found He/zx aspersa and ZH. caperata the com- monest species all along the coastline. Of A. virgata I only got one specimen, and that was in the castle grounds at Aberyst- 354. COLLIER: ON THE MOLLUSCA .OF CARDIGANSHIRE. wyth, but I think if there had only been a few showers I should have taken more of this species, as I have always found it abundant when it occurs. The inland district I found very unproductive with the exception of the ruins of Strata Florida Abbey, where I got a few species that I had not taken elsewhere. What surprised me most was that I only got two species of . Freshwater Shells, Lzmnaea peregra and Ancylus fluviatilis, and these only in the smaller streams. The rivers yielded nothing, seemingly being poisoned with the water from the lead mines, of which there are large numbers both up the Ystwyth and Rheidol. There seems to be neither canals nor ponds in the district. I collected a few of the slugs at Aberystwyth, and Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., of*Leeds, kindly determined them for me. I hope that this will only be a commencement, and that other conchologists who visit Cardiganshire may be able to add considerably to the list. I append list of species, with localities. Limnzea peregra Miill.—Small stream running into the sea at the north end of the Terrace, Aberystwyth. L. peregra var. ovata Drap.—Borth; Clarach Valley, near Aberystwyth ; and small streams at Pontrhydfendiged, near the ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. Ancylus fluviatilis Mill.—Borth, common ; very plentiful in stream at north end of Terrace, Aberystwyth; Clarach Valley, near Bow St. Station, a few. Arion ater var. albolateralis Roebuck.—Aberystwyth. Arion hortensis var. rufescens.—Aberystwyth. Amalia marginata Miill.—Aberystwyth. Limax maximus var. fasciata._—-Aberystwyth. L. agrestis var. reticulata Mill—Aberystwyth. Vitrina pellucida Miill—Ruins of Strata Florida Abbey, scarce. Zonites cellarius Miull.—Aberystwyth, fine specimens. Z. alliarius Miller.—Aberayron, a few ; ruins of Strata Florida Abbey, plentiful. J.C., v., Oct., 1888. COLLIER : ON THE MOLLUSCA OF CARDIGANSHIRE. 355 Z. nitidulus Drap.—Aberystwyth ; ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. Z. purus Alder.—Ruins of Strata Florida Abbey, one only, immature. Helix aspersa Miill.—Borth, Aberystwyth, Aberayron, and ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. Most of these shells were very much eroded, some, though alive, having hardly any epidermis left. Might not this be caused by last year’s dry, sunny weather, as all the mature shells would be last year’s growth ? . aspersa var. minor Moq.—Aberystwyth, a few, but not very good specimens. . aspersa var. conoidea Picard.—Aberystwyth. . aspersa var. undulata Moq.—Aberystwyth. . aspersa var. nigrescens Moq.—Aberayron, one only. . nemoralis L.—Aberystwyth, a few only. . nemoralis var. olivacea Gassies.—Aberystwyth, most of nemoralis were of this variety. H. concinna Jeff.—Ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. H. virgata DaCosta—Castle Grounds, Aberystwyth, one only. H. caperata Mont.—All along the coast wherever I looked ; Borth, Aberystwyth, Aberayron. H. caperata var. ornata Picard.—Aberayron, a few. H. caperata var. fulva Moq.—Aberayron, plentiful, but not very large. H. rotundata Miuill.—Aberystwith, ruins of Strata Florida Abbey, Devil’s Bridge ; a few. H. rotundata var. aloa Moq.—Devil’s Bridge, one only.' Pupa umbilicata Drap.— Aberystwyth, ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. Clausilia rugosa Drap.—Ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. I ele eleeels as, as Cochlicopa lubrica Mill. — Aberystwyth, ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. C. lubrica var. lubricoides Fer.—Ruins of Strata Florida Abbey. i 356 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM PICARDY. Havinc recently visited Abbeville and Amiens I append lists of the Land and Freshwater shells which I observed during a search of not more than half an hour near each place. There is no more delightful district for a quiet holiday than the valley of the Somme, and I hope that the publication | of these imperfect records will show how well a careful investi- gation would be repaid, and induce other conchologists to complete them. NEAR ABBEVILLE :— Anodonta anatina (L.). Paludina vivipara (1..). Bythinia tentaculata (1.). B. leachii (Shepp.). Valvata piscinalis (Mull.). V. cristata Mull. Planorbis lineatus Walker. P. spirorbis Mull. P. vortex (1..). P. complanatus (L.). P. corneus (1.). P. contortus (L.). Physa fontinalis (1.). Limnea peregra (Mull.). L. stagnalis (1.). L. palustris (Mull.). Arion ater (1..). Limax maximus L. L. agrestis L. Succinea elegans Risso. Zonites nitidus (Mull.). Flelix pomatia L. Ff. aspersa Mull. FT. nemoratis L. F, ericetorum Mull. | NEAR AMIENS :— Spherium corneum (1..). Pisidium amnicum (Mull.). Unio pictorum (1..). Anodonta anatina (\..). Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.). Leritina fluviatilis (1..). Bythinia tentaculata (L.). Planorbis vortex (1..). P. carinatus Mull. P. corneus (1..). Limnea peregra (Mull). L. peregra var. ovata Drap. L. auricularia (1.). L. palustris (Mull.). Arion ater (L.). Limax agrestis L. L. levis Mull. Succinea elegans Risso. Helix aspersa Mull. HI. nemoralis L. HT. hispida \.. HT, rotundata Mull. Cochlicopa lubrica (Mull.). J.C., v., Oct., 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 354 I may also mention that I met with Balea perversa (L.). and Carychium minimum Mull. high up under the clerestory windows of Beauvais Cathedral. Perhaps they originally came on the twigs brought there by the pigeons for building their nests. July 25th, 1888. SyDNEY C. COCKERELL. UM eek Orbs NR ae Helix nemoralis monst. sinistrorsum.—I took a speci- men of this variety while collecting shells last September on the railway bank at West Drayton, Middlesex. It is a dead shell, but in fairly good condition.—F. G. Fenn, Syon Lodge, Isle- worth, October, 1888. Vertigo minutissima (Hartm) in Gloucestershire.— Mr. C. H. Falloon has recently sent me eight specimens of this species from Clifton, Bristol. I believe this species is new to Gloucestershire, as the only record I know of it from the South of England is the Isle of Wight.—J. W. Wix.iams, D.Sc. Note on Vertigo tumida West.—In 1867 Prof. Wester- lund in the “Mal. Blatt.,” p. 203, described as new a Vertigo which he stated had been confused with V. gusil/a up to that time. He described it as closely allied to V. puszl/a, but distinguished from it by its smaller size, more ventricose shape, and thus having a comparatively broader mouth. ‘The darker color of the shell and nearly imperceptible umbilical fissure were also points of difference. Dr. Jeffreys, in “Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” p. 381, 1878, accepted Dr. Westerlund’s view of the distinctness of the new species, but expressed a doubt whether it was more than a dwarf form of V. puszl/a, as which he had regarded it until that time. From a type specimen which Dr. Westerlund has kindly sent me it would seem that a more extended examination has led him to regard V. tumida as merely a variety of V. pusilla. My specimen is labelled in Dr. Westerlund’s own hand Vertigo pusilla Mull. var. tumzda West.—J. W. Taytor, June rst, 1888. 358 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON AGRIOLIMAX MONTANUS IN COLORADO. BAY Ate Da AS (COINS SILL, Tue group of Agriolimax, which is represented in Europe by A. Zevis and its allies, and in America by A. campestris and its allies, is essentially #4e boreal group of slugs descended: from a type which occupied the far north when the continents were united. The European and American groups are much alike in general appearance, and even in their anatomy they do not present any important differences, so that Jhering ( “Jahrbuch,” 1885) has proposed to unite them under the one name of deves Mill. I think, however, that there is sufficient difference between them to warrant their separation, though it may be conceded that the three races of the United States, namely, campestris of the eastern, montanus of the central, and occidentalis of the Pacific region, are geographical forms of one species—the campestris of Binney. Ingersoll (Report U.S. Geol. Surv., 1878) described two species of slugs from Colorado, and remarked that they were the only ones he met with in the state. ; Limax montanus Ing.—Bluish-gray, form stout, with blunt posterior extremity, length exceeding one inch. (Grand county). Limax castaneus Ing.—Small and slender, length less than one inch, colour lively brown, with a darker spot on mantle; head and tentacles black ; sole white. (Blue River Valley). These appear sufficiently distinct from the descriptions, but I regard them as synonymous. The mountain form of campestris, referred by authors to montanus, is abundant in most parts of Colorado, including the. Blue River Valley, and could not have been missed by Ingersoll, and must therefore be one of his species. Yet it is not bluish-gray (sontanus), nor has it a white sole and black head and tentacles (castaneus), except in J.C., v., Oct., 1888. COCKERELL : NOTES ON AGRIOLIMAX. MONTANUS. 350 spirit specimens. It appears, therefore, that Ingersoll’s slugs were both described from specimens preserved in alcohol ; castaneus being a young example and montanus an older one, the bluish-grey color being due for the most part to an exudation of slime, such as is often witnessed in specimens which. have been put into alcohol. The tentacles of castaneus were doubtless very dark brown (as I have myself observed in examples collected in the Blue River Valley), and the very pale sole of some examples would probably appear white in an alcholic specimen. There is, then, but one species of slug at present known in Colorado, and this is Agriolimax campestris montanus Ing. It varies, however, in colour, and I have separated three forms :— A. . typicus.—Rather pale brown, foot-sole pale. B. zatermedius.—Dark brown, foot-sole grey. c. ¢ristis.—Very dark brown or brown-black. I have endeavoured to trace this variation to some definite cause, but although it can be said that ¢resézs and intermedius belong to high, and ¢ypzcus to middle elevations, this does not always hold good. Like /evis this species is nearly always found in damp places. My experience with the various forms of this slug has been as follows, from which it will be seen that I obtained it in thir- teen localities :— (1). Atlantic slope. (a). Swift Creek, Custer Co., Aug., 1887, under Populus tremuloides, on logs, &c.; altitude about 8,200 ft.—typicus. (s). Nathrop, Chaffee Co., August, on under side of log ; altitude about 7,680 feet—/ypicus. (c). E. Fork of Arkansas, R., Lake Co., August, near willows ; altitude about 10,200 feet—/istis. (p). Saguache Creek, above Rock Cliff, Saguache Co., October, found together under an old tree—¢ypicus and zntermedius. 360 (2). (E). (F). (cs). (M). (N). JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Pacific slope. West to-mile Creek, Wheeler, Summit Co., August, amongst willows—¢rzstis abundant, zntermedius also found. Near Dillon, Summit Co., August, with Conulus fulvus ; altitude 8,850 feet—/¢restis and typicus. Naomi, Summit Co., August ; altitude about 8,200 feet —typicus. Black Lake Creek, Summit Co., August; probably over 9,000 feet—znzermedius. (The three last localities are in the Blue River Valley). Two Elk Creek, Eagle Co., September ; altitude 7,856 feet—typrcus. Buzzard Creek, Mesa Co., Sept, at roots of Aguzsetum, with Cochlicopa lubrica, Hyalina radiatula, ine var. viridescentt-alba, &c.—typicus. East fork of Clearwater Creek, Grand Mesa, Mesa Co., September ; altitude about 9,800 feet—zxtermedius. Surface Creek, Delta Co., September, under logs ; alti- tude about 8,500 feet—zztermedius common, ¢ristes also found. Little Blue Creek, Gunnison Co., October—<¢ypzcus. West Cliff, Colorado, April 21st, 1888. e. ———S marginata var. albina Menke.—Mr. J. W. Wood during his researches in the Isle of Wight, in 1886, was so fortu- nate as to find several specimens of this uncommon variety in the vicinity of Ventnor.—J. W. Taytor, May rst, 1888. Amalia gagates in Cardiganshire.— Through the kindness of Mr. Whitwell I have received a specimen of this interesting species of a pale lavender color, collected with other species of Mollusks by Miss Maddy during the present month in her garden at Aberayron.—J. W. TayLor, May 25th, 1888. J.C., v., Oct., 1888, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 361 ARGIOPE,. DECOMEATATAE SCILLY. By J. T. MARSHALL. (Read before the Conchological Society, Sept. 5th 1888, and approved by the Referees) Tue finding of this species at Scilly by my friend Mr. Clifford Burkill amounts practically to a rediscovery. The late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys dredged two or three dead specimens off Guernsey nearly 30 years ago, but though the same ground has been since dredged over and over again for the same species by the late Dr. Lukis, myself, and others, no further traces of ithave appeared. Moreover, there was a possible likelihood of those specimens being sub-fossil, as I believe several other species oc- curred to Dr. Jeffreys in the same cruise which were certainly so. Argiope decollata is pretty widely distributed in Europe, and is not uncommon in the Mediterranean. Its distribution embraces the south-west of France, the Atlantic coasts of Spain, the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and AXgean, also Madeira and the Canary Isles, at depths ranging from 18 to 130 fathoms. The Scilly Isles is therefore the furthest point north for this species, and I have no doubt it willagain be found in some parts of the ChannellIslands. Norhasthe species deteriorated inits north-ward march, the Scillonian specimens being as large as any from the Mediterranean. Unfortunately no living specimens were found, but three or four perfect examples and a couple of dozen valves—ample to identify it as an established denizen of the Scillonian seas. Some were dredged in 35-40 fathoms outside Menavawr Rock (about one-and-a-half miles N.E.) and a few valves in 35 fathoms in St. Mary’s Sound, about two miles south of St. Mary’s. Both localities have been dredged by the Rev. W. J. Smart, and the results appeared in the Journal of Conchology for January, 1885. In fact, it was through Mr. Smart’s kindness in lending his charts and giving information that Mr. Burkill was induced to dredge 362 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. these grounds, and it is certainly curious that the former gentle- man should have missed such a species, some of which exceed a quarter of an inch in diameter. Not many dredgings were taken off Menavawr Rock, either by the Rev. W. J. Smart or Mr. Clifford Burkill, as it is on the Atlantic slope, and can rarely be dredged with comfort or success in a small craft. Mr, Burkill spent three months in the islands this summer, and could not get one day’s favourable dredging near the spot. I hope, however some future collector may attempt the task and meet with more success, for I believe the locality to be a most promising one. In connection with the foregoing, it may be added that several valves of A. cestel/ula likewise occurred on the Menavawr ground—also a new addition to the Cornish fauna. Since the above was in type, a thorough investigation of the Scilly dredgings has been made, and the results examined by me. This has revealed nearly thirty species new to the Scilly Islands, a list of which will appear in the next number of this Journal. Sevenoaks, Torquay, September, 1888. tel As Neh ee ety Bulimus decollatus in captivity.-—_In my snailery I have about one thousand or more Bulimus decollatus. A year ago about six or eight large 2B. decol/atus from the south of France were sent me alive, and they have increased to this extraordinary number. I find as soon as they attain to one inch in length they decollate. I have some now which are nearly two inches long ; others are so small they can scarcely be held in the fingers. They are voracious feeders, cabbage leaves, lettuce, dock leaves, coltsfoot leaves, &c., are all greedily devoured. I can keep no small Helix or Bulimus with them, for they at once kill them and eat them. ‘They will also eat raw meat. I have a colony of other European land shells, but not one species flourishes like these curious and interesting Bulimus decollatus. -—Fanny M. HELE. J.C. v., Oc.t, 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 363 Sphzerium corneum upon the tarsus of Dytiscus marginalis.—On 27th August last, while searching for shells in a pond at West Barkwith, in Lincolnshire, I procured a female Dytiscus marginalis with a Spherium corneum attached to its right front tarsus. The shell, which enclosed one joint only of the tarsus, was of fair size, measuring ro mill. in width. On placing the beetle in water it was ascertained that when motionless it frequently supported the shell with its middle and left front legs, thus relieving the stress upon the leg to which the shell was attached. Occurrences similar to the above, records of which have appeared from time to time, are doubt- less of significance when viewed in connection with the distri- bution of the freshwater shells—H. Wa.tuis Kew, London, 3rd September. The Red Fluid emitted by Planorbis corneus.— It is well known that this species. emits a red-colored fluid from its pulmonary aperture on being killed either in hot water or spirit. Professor Ray Lankester some years ago made the interesting discovery that hemoglobin is present in the plasma of the heemolymph in this species, and the consideration struck me as worth investigating whether the emitted red fluid was hemolymph or not. If it is such it will give the tests for heemoglobin ; and I have found this to be the case. A spectro- scopic examination gave the two absorption hands between D and £ of Frauenhofer’s lines of the spectrum ; and on testing with ozonic ether and tincture of guaiacum it gave the usual blue color. How this hemolymph gets into the pulmonary sac is indeed a questionable point, and a somewhat difficult one to settle by any experimental method. I would make the sugges- tion—which seems the most probable one to me—that it is extruded into the lung sac by reason that the walls of the ‘circulus venosus pulmonis or of the vessels constituting the pulmonary plexus are ruptured as the result of a last and forcible expiratory movement of the muscular floor of the mantle-cavity. —J- W. Wittiams, D.Sc. Cee cay 364 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE GONADS IN LIMN/A STAGNALIS (L.) AND L. PEREGRA (Mill) By J. W. WILLIAMS, M.A., D.Sc. (Read before the Conchological Society, July 4th, 1888, and approved by the referees). THE reproductive organs (gonads) of the Pulmonata resolve themselves into three groups—a male group, a female group, and a group common to both the male and female portions. From this arrangement the genus Limnzea forms no exception. In Z. stagnalis the male group consists of a penis sac, a vas deferens, and a well-defined prostata; the female group is made up of a vagina, oviduct, receptaculum seminis or spermatheca, albuminiparous gland and two, rarely three, accessory albumini- parous glands developed along the course of the oviduct ; the common group contains the ovotestis (hermaphrodite gland) and its duct (hermaphrodite duct). The male and female portions open to the exterior at different points on the right side of the prostoma ; the former just below and slightly to the right of the tentacle (penial aperture), the latter some distance posterior to this (ostium vaginz). Self-fecundation, reasoning on anatomical considerations, is possible ; and, according to Macalister, in Z. auricularia (where the same condition of the position of the genital apertures obtains) this has been actually observed ; but it is a matter of very great doubt whether such selffecundated ova would be fertile. The jenzs is a botuli- form sac, circularly striated on its exterior, smooth on its interior, bent upon itself at a right angle, and lying in the ccelom of the prostoma to the right of the buccal mass and the commencement of the cesophagus. It is grooved on its upper surface for the prostata, and the proximal end of the spermatheca, the former being the more anterior of the two. The vas deferens proprium commences in a well-defined depression on the anterior surface J.C., v., Oct., 1888. WILLIAMS; ON THE GONADS OF THE LIMNAA. 365 of the prostata by a dilated pelvis, runs forward, and makes a U-shaped bend posterior to the penis sac, and in a triangular space that has its base formed by the posterior end of the penis, its right side by the proximal position of the receptaculum seminis and oviduct, and its left side by the prostata and buccal mass ; then it passes over the retractor muscle of the penis, and running in front of the proximal portion of the spermatheca, it becomes thinner and enters the muscular tissue forming the right side of the body-wall in which it runs a sinuous course for some distance to emerge at the right side of the penial aperture ; it then runs towards the dorsum, along the right side of the penis, makes several convolutions immediately under the skin of the dorsal surface of the prostoma, and passes back to enter the apex of the penis sac by a short, but distinctly marked, terminal portion. The frosfata is an irregular spheroidal dilatation of the commencement of the vas deferens which is set apart for the fulfilment of a special function. It is situated posterior to the penis sac, and lies in a groove (vide, ante) on the posterior third of that organ ; it is hemal to the cesophagus and salivary glands, and anterior to the first accessory albumini- parous gland; the oviduct and the proximal portion of the spermatheca pass over its posterior portion. Its wallis greyish and very rugose externally, divided into incomplete loculi internally ; the male portion of the hermaphrodite duct opens into it on its posterior aspect, and the vas deferens proprium commences in a depression on its anterior surface. The oveduct commences from the hermaphrodite duct directly posterior to the prostata and receptaculum seminis and directly underneath the anterior end of the first accessory albuminiparous gland ; it then runs alongside of, but posterior to, the proximal portion of the spermatheca for some distance, and, at last, joins with it about two millimetres from the ostium vaginee to form a canal common to both (vagina). The veceptaculum seminis (sperma- theca) consists of a long duct-like proximal portion, and of a bulbous saccate distal extremity which has been called, after its 366 WILLIAMS: ON THE GONADS OF THE LIMNA. discoverer, the Swammerdamian vesicle. _'This vesicle is a yellow- ish spherical sac lying transversely in the ccelom, and situated to the left of the prostata and on a plane slightly inferior to the one occupied: by that organ. The proximal portion runs from the pole of the right hemisphere of the sac, crosses over the posterior and upper portion of the base of the prostata, and then running in the groove previously described on the postero-dorsal surface of the penis, it descends by the right side of that organ to unite with the oviduct, and thus form the vagina. (The spermatheca is in reality, a cecal diverticulum of the vagina). The albuminiparous gland is a linguiform body flexed trans- versely across the convex upper surface of the middle third of the second accessory gland, and firmly bound down to it by peritoneal connective tissue, so that its base looks towards the left, and its apex towards the right. The accessory albuminiparous glands are generally two in number—named first and second according to their position from before backwards,— the first: being much larger than the second. They are yellow pulviniform bosses situated along the course of the oviduct, and directly beneath the muscular floor of the pallial cavity, separated from the prostata by a well defined diaphragm consisting of connective tissue, containing muscle cells, and placed hcemally to the receptaculum seminis, oesophagus, stomach, and common generative duct. The posterior third ofthe second one lies imbedded in the substance of the “ Mitteldarmdriise of Frenzel.” Both the albuminiparous gland, and its accessory glands. swell up so much on the addition of water, that dissection under water is carried on with difficulty, a condition of things that can be remedied by replacing the water with spirit. The hermaphrodite gland (ovotestis) consists of an agglomeration of follicles situated in the “‘Mitteldarmdriise.” Init the spermatozoa and ova are produced from exactly the same kind of germinal epithelium;* these are carried down by the hermaphrodite * Reproduction consists essentially in the metazoa of the fusion of a flagellate cell (spermatozoon) with an-ameeboid cell (ovum). Both these J.C., v., Oct., 1888. WILLIAMS : ON THE GONADS OF THE LIMNEHA. 367 duct to either the vas deferens (if spermatozoa) or to the oviduct (if ova). This hermaphrodite duct is a dead white, highly convoluted tube, which passes from the ovotestis to the base of the albuminiparous gland; then becoming thinner it courses through that gland and receives its duct ; then, at last, leaving the gland it runs as a liguliform duct—the common generative duct—on the neural aspect of the accessory albumini- parous glands to the extreme anterior extremity of the first one, when it suddenly divides into two portions ;—one which sud- denly enlarges to form the prostata and which is continued as the vas deferens, the other which is known as the oviduct. These two portions have already been described. In Z. peregra the penis is very long and narrowly cylindrical, and situated neurally to the accessory albuminiparous gland and prostata; the vas deferens proprium is much shorter in comparison and less convoluted ; the prostata lies directly under the accessory albu- miniparous gland and between the cesophagus and posterior end of the penis, the vas deferens commences in a depression on its inferior surface, and the male portion of the common generative canal opens into it on its posterior aspect ; the albuminiparous- gland, a curved, somewhat quadrangular mass, irregularly laciniate on its inferior surface, lies transversely over the stomach and intestine; there is only one accessory albumini- parous gland, it is situated hemally to the prostata; the Swammerdamian vesicle is a thin walled sac lying immediately under the dorsal integument of the body at the junction of the prostoma and metastoma, anterior to the accessory albumini- parous gland and dorsal to the prostata, and the proximal portion of the spermatheca runs in company with the oviduct over the antero-dorsal surface of the prostata; the ovotestis is situated in the ‘‘ Mitteldarmdruse” near the apex of the spire, and the cells are developed from primitive germ-cells, which at some time in the life of the animal, or during the whole life of the animal, are exactly similar, and which correspond to the protozoon ancestors of the metazoa. It is very suggestive that in sagitta both the ovaries and the testes are developed from a single primitive germ-cell. 368 WILLIAMS: ON THE GONADS OF THE LIMN@A. hermaphrodite duct runs a sinuous course through the substance of that digestive gland to get into relation with the albumini- parous gland when it becomes very convoluted so as to simulate a gland-like mass between that organ and its accessory gland. The common generative canal is ribbon-shaped. From the consideration of the discrete positions of the male and female genital apertures in both these species it will thus be seen how that two cannot engage in coitus in such a complete manner as occurs in the Helices ; how it is that fecundation of all the animals engaged in coition at any one time cannot take place at one and the same time; how it is, in fact, that we find L. peregra——as was first observed by Prevost—banded together in threes, or sometimes in greater numbers, the one fecundating the other. In Z. stagnalis, as two are the number generally seen together in coitus at the same time, impregnation of only one of them, at one time, can occur, unless the animals are placed in opposite directions one to the other. In L. feregra, taking the three engaged from above downwards, it will be noticed that the general condition of affairs is that the penis of the first is exserted into the vagina of the second, and that it is not fecundated at all itself but is fecundating, that the second is being fecundated by the first and is fecundating the third, and that the third is being fecundated but is not fecundating. So that of three geregras banded together for fecundating purposes, two only of them are fecundated, the second and the third, and two only are fecundating, the first andthe second. The exserted penis in both the species is flattened and triangular in shape. In L. stagnalis during coition—this being the only species I was fortunate enough to kill with the penis exserted—I find the relative positions of the organs inside the animal changed to but some slight extent. The penis, of course, is absent, and its place is occupied by convolutions of the vas deferens, the terminal portion of which runs through the centre of the ex- serted penis and opens by a foramen or meatus at its extremity in order for the ready conveyance of the spermatozoa into the vagina of the one being fecundated. J.C., v., Oct., 1888. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 369 On making a comparison with the gonads of the Helices and those of the Limneez, it will be found that the greatest dissimilarity of the latter from the former occurs in the great separation of the male and female portions from one another, this being a decided advance on to the moncecious condition ; the presence of the large and well-defined prostata, the existence of the so-called accessory albuminiparous glands, and the absence of muciparous glands, dart-sac and flagellum. The absence of the dart in other species than those of the Helicidze suggests not the idea (I may incidentally mention) that my friend Prof. J. Bland Sutton has recently proposed to me as an organ of cuti- cular irritation, an idea which I find is held by Simroth in a paper entitled ‘‘ Ueber eine Nacktschnecke von Samarkand die Amalia maculata, Heynemann, besser Agriolimax maculatus,” which he communicated to SB. Ges. Leipzig, xii,, pp. 11 and 12; hut rather inclines to the theory proposed by Mr. W. E. Collinge, in a paper on “The Darts of the Helicidz,” read before the Leeds Naturalists’ Club and Scientific Association, on October 29th, 1887, viz., that it must be considered as a degenerate weapon of defence. But I would point out that the only basis on which we must build the most probable function of the dart must be one founded on inferences derived from embryological considerations which are not, as yet, forthcoming. ——_ = ——__<$£ Limneza auricularia floating.—It will doubtless interest Mr. Nelson and others (vide ‘A Day’s Collecting near Howden, Yorks.,’ pp. 262—267 ante) to know that I observed this afternoon (May 7th) a distinctly marked auricu/aria floating on the surface of the water in a large pan wherein I am keeping a quantity of specimens alive for anatomical work. These specimens were taken yesterday afternoon by Mr. Wallis Kew and myself from the Lea Marshes, Tottenham, and weré only placed in the water in the early morning of to-day.—J. W. WILLIAMS. 370 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS or tHE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Noticre.—Al Communications for the Conchological Society should be addressed to the Secretary, Mr. Thos. W. Bell, 2, Carr Lane, Leeds. Meeting HELD JULY 4TH, 1888, AT THE MUSEUM, LEEDS. Mr. W. E. Collinge presided. DONATIONS. The following Donations were announced :— « Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,” vol. ll., part 4, 1887. “Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union,” part to, 1885. “North Yorkshire” :—Presidential Address, by John G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S., President of the Yorks. Naturalists’ Union. “Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association,” 1886-7. The thanks of the Society were accorded the donors for their valuable donations. NEW MEMBER. Mr. Walter Crouch, F.Z.S., of Wanstead, was elected a member of the Society. PAPERS READ. “On the Morphology of Gonads in Limncea stagnalis (L.) and Limnea peregra (Mull.), by Dr. J. W. Williams, M.A. Meeting HELD AUGUST IST, 1888, AT THE MUSEUM, LEEDS. Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., Vice-President, presided. DONATIONS. The following donations were laid on the table :— “Report of the Smithsonian Institution,” part 2, 1885. “Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales,” vol. xxi., 1887. The Secretary also announced a donation of 1o/- from the Rev. Edward S. Dewick, M.A., to the Cabinet Fund. J.C., v., Oct., 1888. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Ba ii The thanks of the Meeting were accorded the donors for their donations. PAPERS READ. The Chairman read a paper from Mr. E. Collier, of Man- chester, ‘On the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Cardigan- shire.” Mr. R. D. Darbishire read a paper entitled “Notes on Shells of Argonauto Argo.” SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. J .W. Taylor showed a choice collection of named varie- ties of Limnea fperegra, and also the following sent to him by the gentlemen named :— From Mr. W. H. Heathcote a large collection of Shells from South and West Lancashire, some of which he kindly allowed to be retained for the Society’s Collection. From Dr. Scharff, of Dublin, Helzx aspersa, H. nemoralis, HT, hispida, H!. rotundata, Hf. rufescens, and Clausilia rugosa from Navan, county Meath. From Dr. Williams, M.A. specimens of Paludina vivipara from Leicester and the river Lea. From Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S. examples of Lzmnea peregra, Zonites cellarius, Clausilia rugosa, Helix caperata, and fT. hortensis from the Island of Barra and South Uist. Hebrides, From Mr. Charles Ashford examples of Helix aspersa, H. rufescens, 1. hortensis, Hf. lapicida, H. virgata, and HZ. hispida, and Zonites cellarius, and nitidulus from Spettisbury, Dorset. From Mr. Byne specimens of Vitrina pellucida from Teign- mouth, South Devon. NOTE ON SHELLS OF ARGONAUTA ARGO. Mr. Darbishire exhibited and described some shells of Argo- nauta. Specimen No. 1 is a well-grown perfect ‘live’ shell, not of the largest size, but measuring as noted in the table below. Its texture is that of an old shell with the tops of the ridges polished, its colour a greyish white with the usual brown touches on and near the keel at the back. ‘The lines of growth are well seen in looking from the inside towards a light, and are very regular, 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ending in the marginal line of the lip. The outline of the keel curves forward from the back with a uniform expansion some- what in advance of a circular line. The whole lateral surface is crowded with the characteristic undulated ridges: with many interpolations of one or two of half length or less, every ridge ending in a spinous tubercle on the keel. Specimen No. 2 was exhibited to illustrate the great regu- larity of the characters of the shell. This is a ‘dead’ shell, a shade less than No. 1, but otherwise repeating its features. These two are said to have come from the Cape of Good Hope. Specimen No. 3 (PI. iii Frontispiece) from an unknown locality is remarkable for an unusual development of the aperture. From a width of one centimetre at the lateral point to that of three centimetres at the keel, the edge of the shell is marked with three strong and many fine lines of growth, the whole forming a sort of final lip upon which the radiating ridges, and particularly the deflected ends of such ridges near the keel, are partially evanes- cent. These final lines of growth follow quite normally the long series seen from within. The front edge of the aperture is marked by a distinct pro- longation forwards, deflecting the keel outwards like the lip of a jug, with a regular curve affecting the position of three tubercles. Instead of the expanding curve of the general outline of the keel seen in No. 1 and No. 2 and all ordinary specimens, this line in this shell is somewhat restricted, so that it appears to be more nearly parallel to the curve of the thickened lip from the axis to the point. This, with the extension of the aperture, gives a somewhat trumpet-shaped figure to the lateral aspect. This shell is (except for the pouting lip in front) very much more regular than No. 1 and No. 2 in the curvature and suc- cession and in the alternations of long and single short ribs, not one of which is wanting or out of place, while all are somewhat more developed and slightly more distant from each other than in No. 1. The whole lateral surface is polished in all the speci- J.C. v., Oct., 1888. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 373 mens, but in this one especially so with a glassy glaze on and between the ribs. The shell looks especially well developed and perfect. The colour is a delicate creamy or warm ivory white. The brown marking at the ends of the ridges and on the tubercles of the keel is more delicately applied and outlined than in No. 1, and at the back for about two centimetres from the keel is faintly expanded on the shell so as to look like a film of epidermis. It would not be fair to occupy so much space with the | description of only a peculiar specimen of so common a shell, unless in the hope that-.so far from being an abnormal or deformed individual this may really be an exceptionally adult and well developed shell such as may have sheltered the ova of an especially lovely lady mother of Argonauts who passed a long life, well nourished and undisturbed, in some protected lagoon where the sea was always smiling. Still, it is only fair to add, that amongst very many specimens in many collections the writer has never seen a shell like this one; or—one in itself so perfectly beautiful. MEASUREMENTS IN CENTIMETRES. IN@s iis || IIs 2s | IN@s 3 From keel at the back to the front of WS BYDSAWIRS cos cag on aco 24.0 24.5 22.0 From the keel below to the !ateral OVOMYE cpa a6) coo e909. Neau!. -c0e 16.0 14.0 15.5 From the front of the aperture to the point along the edge of the shell 17.0 18.0 16.0 From point to point across the aperture 8.2 8.2 8.5 From the front of the aperture over round the keel ne [Dr. Gould, quoted in “Tryon’s Manual,” I., page 136, gives measurements of the largest known shell as equal to 3o centi- metres long by 19 centimetres high]. 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Mr. Darbishire also exhibited specimens of Unio tumidus from a pond near Birmingham, measuring severally 10.6 centi- metres in length, 5.5 centimetres in height, and about 4.0 centi- metres in thickness, all of unusual thickness in the valve and weight ; colour black in all; umbonal abrasion of the epidermis, but without erosion. Also specimens of the same species Uzzo tumidus from | another pond near Birmingham of the following dimensions in centimetres :— Leth. Hght. Thcknss. Leth. Hght. Thcknss. i © 7.0 5.4 4 12.5 6.2 5.0 Bi U3. 6.3 3.75 uy eal 6.0 4.2 Seay 6.5 5.2 6 11.9 6.4 4.5 Colour, black or dark brown ; 2, 5, and 6 with a slight lateral depression and corresponding concavity in the ventral curve. These shells were all notably heavy. Also, from the same pond as the last lot, specimens of Uzz0 pictorum of the following dimensions :— Lgth. Hght. Thcknss. I-gth. Hght. Thcknss. I 14.5 6.2 4.4 AI QaS 6.0 4.7 2 14.2 6.0 4.5 RB Nee 5.8 4.5 3 14.0 6.0 4.2 QO - ia 5.8 4.0 These shells are blackish brown and lighter brown; all the shells were in the best health, very heavy, with thick epidermis, and more or less umbonal erosion. Some showed a slight incurvation on the ventral margin, and all well developed massive posterior rostration. The pool from which these two series were taken is a large pond with a slight current through it, about 8ft. to 1oft. deep, where the shells were, with a gravelly bottom and a certain amount of dead leaves. The water was not tested for lime. By a fortunate hap the two largest U. ¢. and U. p. came up in the same haul, otherwise these great shells were scattered, and somehow the abode of younger ones was not found. Mr. Darbishire owed the capture to a friend at Birming- ham, who gave kind personal help and a pleasant walk. Mr. W. E. Collinge gave notice of his intention to move the following Alterations of Rules at the Annual Meeting :— J.C., v., Oct., 1888. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 375 1st.—That the following be substituted for Rule No. 4 :—Candi- dates for Membership, after being proposed by two Mem- bers of not less than twelve months’ standing, from a personal knowledge, at one meeting, shall be balloted for at the next. They shall pay in advance on the-1st of January an Annual Subscription of not less than 5/-. Foreign Members shall pay an Annual Subscription of not less than 7/6. 2nd.—That Rule No. 6 be omitted from the Constitution. 3rd.—That the Curator and Recorder and Librarian be ex- officio Members of the General Council. Meeting HELD SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1888, AT THE MUSEUM, LEEDS. Mr. W. E. Collinge, presided. DONATION. The following donation was announced :— “‘Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,” vol. il., part 1. Correspondence from Members was laid on the table :— Under date August roth the Rey. Churchill Babington, D.D., F.R.S., wrote that on the previous day he had found Aydro- charis morsus-rane in flower in the river Stour, near Sudbury. Some of these plants were taken home and placed in water. When examined subsequently Dr. Babington observed “that several shells had detached themselves from the leaves, and among them was a specimen of C/zton cinereus (L.), the only species of this genus which has as yet been found in Suffolk.” The Rey. Carleton Greene, who saw the -shell while the animal was yet fresh, suggests that it may be worth considering whether this. shell can have been introduced by a barge from the sea, as ‘in his boyhood barges came up as far as Sudbury from the sea. Dr. Babington suggests ‘“‘some of your correspondents may be able to throw some light upon this subject.” PAPERS READ. “ Argiope decollata, at Scilly,” by Mr. J. T. Marshall. “On the position of dart sac in Helix rufescens,” by Mr. W. E. Collinge. 3276 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. SPECIMENS EXHIBITED. Mr. Collinge showed examples of Avion ater and the variety brunnea, Limax maximus, L. flavus, and L. agrestis, Zonttes cellartus and Helix aspersa from the Corporation Gardens, Well Road, Nottingham. Also Avion ater and Limax agrestis from Barmby-in-the-Willow, near Newark,—all sent by Mr. G. W. Mellors. ——— NOTICE.—The Annual Meeting of the Conchological Society will. be held on Saturday, the 15th of December, at 5-30 p.m., at the Museum, Park Row, Leeds. Members intending to communicate papers or exhibit specimens are requested to furnish particulars to the Secretary as early as possible. ——#-e-¢—___ BIBLIOGRAPHY, Museum Normanianum, or a Catalogue of the Inverte- brata of Europe, and the Arctic and N. Atlantic Oceans, which are contained in the collection of the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., F.L.S., iv., Mollusca Marina ; v., Brachiopoda. These lists are prepared by their learned author (for private distribution) to show the species contained in his vast collection and to indicate clearly the deficiencies which exist and which he will be glad to have supplied by any person, and for which he offers either Mollusca-or other classes of Marine Invertebrates in exchange, or cash if preferred. The chief deficiencies in the Marine Mollusca are those of coasts of Eastern N. America, Asiatic, Arctic and Alaskan, Abyssal Atlantic and Mediterranean forms, Cephalopoda and Nudibranchiata. The Land species specially desired are those of Cape Verd, Azores, Canary Islands, those parts of Africa and Arabia N. of the tropics, Asia Minor, Persia, Afghanistan, and the Russian Empire. In all 1910 forms of Marine Mollusca and Brachiopoda are enumerated as in this collection which sufficiently attests its great importance and value.—J. W. T. Helix virgata var. radiata Hidalgo in the Isle of Wight.—Last year, Mr. J. W. Wood, while staying at Fresh- water, found several specimens of A. wirgata which seem to accord fairly well with Hidalgo’s variety radéaza, originally recorded from the Balearic Isles. The upper surface, instead of the usual spiral banding, is radiately and regularly striped with black and white, in a similar way to B. acutus var. articulata. The under surface has the usual spiral banding._-J. W. Taytor. J.C., v., Oct., 1833, Terebratula papillosa, x18, Fig. § front view, Fig. 2 side view, Fig. 3 Dorsal view. Fig. 4 Scalaria pseudoscalaris Brocchi. Fig. 5 Concholepas Peruvianus showing position of operculum, MM mantle, F foot, p proboscis, running into C canal, T tentacles, T ’ the two labial teeth, O operculum. Se x f 2\ 22 23 Figs. 1—4, Limnea physopsis, Cooke ; 5,:Pecten Gladysic ; 6, P. Guendolene ; 7, P. Hastingsii; 8, P. hysginodes; 9, P. psarus; 10, P. valdecostatus ; Melvill. Fig. 11, Mitra Marione ; 12, M. erumnosa; 13, M. astyridiformis; 14, M. caloxesta; 15, M. chariessa ; 16, M. transenna; 17, M. Sybille; 18, M. percnodictya ; 19, M. cerithina ; 20, M. bela; 21, M. tensa; 22, M. abacophora; 23, M. rhodinospheera ; 24, M. zythochroa ; 25, M. fulvosulcata ; Melvill. Fig. 26, Cyprea Rashleighana, Melvill. Fig. 27, Bith. tentaculata, abnormal. Conchological Society of Great Britain ano Frelano, 0S aS The Council will be pleased to receive subscriptions from the members towards the purchase of Cabinets and the necessary tubes and glass-capped boxes for the display of the Society’s collections, which have increased largely during the past few years. Until now, however, the Society has not had the opportunity of rendering them available for consultation by the members. This difficulty has now been removed, thanks to the kindness of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, who have liberally consented to the Society’s collections being deposited in one of tke rooms of the Leeds Museum, so that it will in future be possible to examine the collections at any time when the Museum is open. Before this can be done, however, it will be necessary to provide Cabinets in which to place the specimens, and it will be obvious that a special subscription is necessary, in view of the fact that for the very small subscription of 5/- the ‘‘ Journal of Conchology ” is supplied to each member. It is intended to house the collections in a series of small Cabinets, at an estimated cost of £2 tos. each, so as ultimately to facilitate the classifica- tion of the collections. Of these it is wished to order at least half-a-dozen. A list of subscriptions already promised is subjoined. Subscriptions may be paid to the Secretary, THOMAS W: BELL, 2, Carr Lane; LEEDS. Leeds, April, 1888. LIST OF PROMISED SUBSCRIPTIONS. sired Mr. John W. Taylor, F.L.S., a cabinet, to be devoted to a series of types of the species and varieties of the British Land and Freshwater Mollusca (the Council have decided to call this ‘The Taylor Cabinet.’). Mr. R. D. Darbishire, B.A., F.G.S. eal neato) Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. 1S MG) Rey. Iferbert Milnes, M.A. be diad aC) Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. 010 6 Mr. S. J. DaCosta 010 oO Dr. W. H. Evans 010 0 ion ian a PM PVM met MLCM ECM) ECM LPM) SEMEL; PP Ee mY PY mL Ym EL aS EYL Ey POMEL YEE POMC MMMM LEP) Lm LINNAER, ENSTITUTIONS FOR ONATUR Aleit hs TORY. BERLIN. — Germany. == mls institution was founded in 1879 at Frankfort s. M. by a number of zoologists. The undertaking, an outgrowth of the Exchange Union (a branch of the German Malaco- Zoological Society) directed its chief energies to turning the collections of scientific travelers to advantage. The pressure of increasing business necessitated the removal of the In- stitution to the german capital. Nearly all well-known German explorers entrusted their collections to the Linnaea. We men- tion only Dr. Ricw. Boum, Dr. G. FiscHER, FREIHERR VON Mattzan, the brothers Drs. Krause, E. Hartert, Dr. STott, CLemens DenHARDT, and many others. Not only the mu- seums and academies of Germany, but also nearly all the principal institutes of the continent sustain regular intercourse with the Linnaea. Even to many transoceanic countries, par- ticularly the United-States, Canada, Sth.-America, India, Austra- lia ete. larger or smaller collections are often forwarded. Among others we name the following museums and institutes: the Royal Inst. of Natural History at Berlin, the National Museum at Vienna, London, Leyden, Brussels, Pesth. St. Peters- burg etc. Among our N.-American correspondents we men- tion the museums at Washington, Philadelphia, Madison, Ittaca, Cambridge, Toronto etc. Our stock is constantly replenished from various trans- oceanic countries in which collectors are at work in our behalf. The institution likewise sends out scientists into territories whose exploration appears necessary for the furtherance of its aims. In such cases any special requests handed in will, when possible, receive our careful attention. eT EO OOM ee eee TE TT TT TY WT W/m /i8) AT TTC TUE CUT OD MT MOTT EE TRC OT OM Ot OTe GTO Oe OE COE TE A Te OO OU A UEC TN OC UE OE OD POD YON TEN CON UND O00 WOE TON UD TOY TOD ORT PO MED OUND PUN POON TO OT ON U0 0) TY 0 0 0 TT OT a OO Lc UMMM UI Te Nt | (m)imi (aig QMUVM Sem MEPL L Lp mL PLY mL Lm ee Ae Mammals. The stock in mammals (Skins, Skeletons and Skulls) is constantly changing so that pricelists of earlier date cannot be implicitly relied upon. European species can always be obtained. Of non european specimens we gladly furnish written catalogues on application. Peculiar types and re- markably interesting forms, such as Ornithorhynchus and Echidna we endeavor always to keep on hand. Birds’ Skins and Birds’ Eggs. Very large assortment. Having lately purchased the col- lections of the deceased explorers Dr. G. FiscHer (Victoria Njansa), Dr. Ricu. BOum (Tanganjika) and FLecEL HARTERT (Niger-Benue) a particularly fine selection of African spe- cimens is now at our disposal, as also numerous ornitholo- gical types of the Ancient World. Furthermore we possess an immense variety of Birds’ Eggs, of which fresh catalogues appear at short intervals. Besides these we supply large and small collections of European and other Birds’ Nests of pe- culiar formation. Reptiles and Batrachia to which our collectors are required to pay special attention, our stock embraces a great variety of species. As the re- presentatives of this group are in great request, printed lists soon go out of date; we therefore furnish written catalogues when desired. (Metopocerus cornutus just arrived from Haiti!) Fishes. We supply German Fresh- water Fishes as well as many kinds of Fish from the German, Baltic and Mediterranean Seas, either in alcohol or prepared dry. We prepare the same by an entirely original method, whose peculiar merits are warmly and universally recognized. Of the most in- teresting types, like Amia, Accipenser, Polypterus, Myxine etc. we usually have specimens. SPM LOM SPM SP MELLEL MESES LP EMMYS MELLEL Lm) mE) UT POM MMP LE eat TE POT) 0) Pt) Oy PE) in BUCO UU UC ee eC eee, ie EEE EV EUEUEUEUEL OEE Ce ED TS Recent Shells (land, fresh-water and marine shells). Our stock in Shells exhibits a wealth of forms and spe- cies such as can scarcely be found elsewhere. We would refer in the first instance to our catalogues; but we also arrange every description of collections to special order, as for in- stance for comparative studies in paleontology. In shells we carry on an average upwards of 12000 species. Mollusks in alcohol mostly from the Mediterranean, can also be had. No less worthy of note is the stock of our Insect Metamorphoses. On demand we cheerfully furnish written lists of our Arachnida, Myriapods, Crustacea, Echinoderma as controlled by specialists. Especially varied selections of Crustaceans, Echinoderms, Myriapods are now on Hand, large lots having been lately forwarded from Haiti. Preparing Department. The institution has its own preparing department in which all work of this class as stuffed animals, prepared skeletons and skulls, injections and anatomical preparations, as well as other alcoholic preparations etc. is performed under the supervision of experts. We are thus enabled to arrange and furnish complete collections for educational purposes, demonstration or exhibition in any or all departments of Zoology. BRR RRR RRR RRR EERE RR e kell TOTO ITU UIT UIUC UI UIE CITRIC UIUC TCO CI UIT UIO CUI CI CII UI UU TCI ND UITUIIUIUIIUIC NCI UIUOIU CUT C COI UITUIUIUICI IOI IUIUIIO TUN OI MIMIC I CCCI CNC IC ODIO N UICC UTCNCIDIO IOI CONC UIC ICICI DIED ICOM CRO MO MONE RIUM IO MCMC ILE i init Tn (m\in) Ama) CUM YMMV L PMLCL PML PLY wm) mm LL mL Lm EL LY COMIC Our connections with zoological collections and institutions of natural history have rendered it necessary to draw |Paleontology into our sphere of activity. In this connection we would call attention to our stock of Fossils of the Tertiary Period. From the Mayence basin (diluvium and tertiary) we have remains of mammals such as Elephas, Mastodon, Diustherium, Hippotherium, Paleomeryx, Aceratherium, Halitherium etc. of which we can furnish a special catalogue. We also beg to call attention to the fragmentary scales of Glyptodon cla- dipes Osw. from the S..American Pampas formation. Besides the above we have a fine selection of fossils from the Litho- graphic slate of Solenhofen, from the Swabian Jura (Ichthyo- saurus, Pentacrinus etc.) from the Bohemian silurian ete. We are glad to buy suitable material or to effect ex- changes. In this regard also we would request directors of Museums, Academies and Colleges, and likewise private col- lectors. scientific explorers etc. to enter into communication with our institution. Dr. Aug. Miiller. BERLIN, Germany, Louisenplatz 6G. (Opposite Royal Museum of Natural History.) \ CUMTP MLCT CT CC RT OO CC Re GO We 0 nn) Tm iioy PUTCO COCO R CROC COCR eR COCO CO Oe MOLE OO MT Gt CO OOe ED OE OMT Hh TOON OD COL OTE ROD SUE OEE SOE MON tO) GO GON EOE EOL SOE OY UE TE THT ON TON ENN O00 OTT G00 TUE Ty 0 MUM UMMM EMME MELLEL tt imiim) JAN. GB) 1886. JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. : CONTENTS. ah ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Marine eae collected at Port Elizabeth, S. Africa—G. B. Sowerby, _ Land and BrechWater Shells in Normandy—S. es Cockérell, M. KCASEE ‘Helix nemoralis and H. hortensis in Dorset—T. D. A. ‘Cockerell, M.C.S: Nature and Development of the Hairs | or r Bristles on some Land and Freshwater Shells, &c.—William Jeffery, M.C.S. : Helix pulchella at Niagara—T, D. A. Cockerell, M.C.S.-_ ... Note on Planorbis subangulatus ‘at Malta—Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. Notes on the Parmacella of Gibraltai—T. D. A. Cockerell, M.C. Br Additions to the Land and Freshwater Mollusea of f Llandudno — J. R. Brockton Tomlin ... Seeul | BIBLIOGRAPHY : : PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Hunster New Roap. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CartistRasse, 11. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA : .W. LEGRAND. y) ‘PRICE ONE SHILLING. : R B 5 r 32 Paces MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE’ (BY PosT, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, Post- FREE. : THE NATURALIST, A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the teneell is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, te physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England. -All Communications should be addressed thus -— _ THE. EDITORS OF THE *‘ NATURALIST,’ LEEDS.” The ‘Naturalist’ may Ae be had of Mr. G. E. EAST, Jun., 241, Keene Road, Upper Clapton, London, E,; and Messrs. LovELL, REEVE, &- Eo 5 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. C B SOWERB v.45, (GREAT: RUSSELL ‘Sis LONDON, Une 2 ily names and arranges Specimens and Collections — of SHELLS, for Public and Private Museums; supplies Desiderata and entire Collections from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. ISIN LePRICE Lists ON APPLICATION... SPECIMENS SENT FOR SELECTION. BOO FS Be bas Bat Vea: On some variations of Helix arbustorum, by B. B. Woodward — [The Author Smithsonian Institution Report, 1883 _ [The Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, part ii., 1885 [The "Academy. Science : _ | [The Editor. Journal de Conchyliologie—No. 3, 1885 oe Editors; - Origin of Freshwater Faunas, by J. W. Sollas [R. D - Darbishire. The Rochdale Field Naturalists’ Journal, part Iv. ‘Die geographische Verbreitung einiger Landschneeken in den Alpen, by Dr. v. - Martens [The Author. wee brasilische Land and Susswasser Mollusken, by Dr, vy. Martens [The Author. Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis par M. Soleillet dans son Voyage au Choa, par M. B. Bourguignat [The Author. List of Shell- bearing Mollusca of Michigan, W. H. de Camp, M.D.. [The Author. Transactions of the Elertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club, edited by J. Hopkinson, F.L.S., vol. ii., parts 5 and 6 _ [The Society. Seottieh Naturalist, January, "1886 ‘ [The Editor. Zoologischer Anzeiger herausgegeben, von Prof, J. Victor Carus [The Editor. - A List of the Land and Freshwater Shells of the Chester district, compiled by_ Geo. W. Shrubsole [The Author, On Shells from Brazil and Asia Minor, by Prof. Dr. von Martens [The Author. » Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Jan., 1886 [ The Society. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY; WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. By GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr,, CONSERVATOR OF THE. CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. OF PHILADELPHIA. Vol. I., Cuealceopas 1879. Vol. Il., Muricin@®, and PurpurINa#, 1880. ‘Vol. IIL, TRITONIDA, Fusip@&, and BUCCINIDA, 1881. Vol. IV., Nassip@, MITRIDA, OLIVID, &e. ; 1882. : CONDITTO NS: _ THE MAnvaL oF ConcHoLocy will be published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which about four will constitute a volume. Each part will >. embrace from 16 to 24 plates. with accompanying text. Each volume will be com- plete in itself, and will be furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. . Part I, to be issued January Ist, 1879, will commence the history of ihe Cephalopoda ; the Muricide will follow. It is impossible to predicate the length of time that will be required to complete - the work ; it will certainly occupy several years. Subscriptions will be revocable on the completion of any volume. i ~ * * Only 250 copies will be published ; including three styles, as follows : Fine Evition.-—The text will be printed on heavy plate paper, and the plates will be in duplicate, colored and India tinted. Edition strictly limited to 25 copies.) as Part, ... $8 00 ~» COLORED ITION. =The plates carefully colored Dy: mond: Pen Part, ee 5 00 Pain Epirion. Per Part, = Fos p00 American subscribers will Bee sadueses GEO. W. TRYON, Jr, Academy of Natural Scaences, Philadelphia, Pa. Foreign subscriptions may be sent to either of the following’ booksellers ; TRUBNER & Co., 57, 59 Ludgate, Jou BAER & Co., Frankfurt am Main ‘ * London. H. Greorc, Rue de Lyon 65, Lyons, F. SAvy, 77 Boul. St. Germain, Paris. | ~. France. A. ASHER & Co., 53 Mohrenstrasse, H,. GrEorG, Bale. Berlin. _| H. Gore, Corraterie No, 10, Geneva, G. GEROLD’s' SOHN, Vienna. 10. HoEput, Milan, Naples aid Pisa. *..* Subscribers for the current volume, can purchase completed volumes at the “subscription price. Non-subscribers will be charged twenty-five ue cent. advance upon tke subscription price for either of the volumes. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLOW: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONY MIC. - 2 FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. PRICE 4 FRANCS PER: PART, : PAYABLE ON RECEIPT. OF Parr. ‘The work will be completed 4 in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic Bites in. each part. Subseriptions to be sent to ML PE. DAUIZENBERG, 218, rue de l'Universite, Paris. NEW LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS. UST PUBLISHED, an EXCHANGE LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS, comprising those of the BRacHIOPODA and Mottusca proper, with Varieties, and with the authorities given ; after the. arrangement in “J/EFKREYS’ BRITISH CON. CHOLOGY,” with additions and alterations to 1885 ; prepared by a ' ALEX. SOMERVILLE, B.Sc. F-L.S.. Printed on ares pages, Foolscap size, bank paper. To be had of A. STENHOUSE, is Bs Bookseller, University, Avenue, Glasgow. ‘Price: 3d. each, or 2s. 6d. per Koeee post-free. IN ‘PREPARATION. ‘Monograph of the Land & Freshwater tas OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. | Assistance Required Immediately Gr unea: of Testacelle from any ese oN Extracts from, or loan ‘of, any work, to which we haye Dot ey having ; reference to Testacellee, Co-operation is. invited, from. all SApehainge interested in the shone: subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the LIFE HisTORY—STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will bewelcomed and carefullyacknowledged. Address ; es Belge haan TAYLOR, Office of the Journal . ed: Hunsle. New Road, ees Cina AMERICAN NATURALIST. The proprietors have associated with Professors Packard and Cope, its principa "editors, a number of leading scientists, whose names are a guarantee of editorial ability, as Dr, C. O. Whitman (Microscopy), Prof. Henry Sewall (Physiology), Prof. C. E. Bessey (Botany). Prof. O..T. Mason (Anthropology), Prof. C. V. Riley (Entomology), Prof. H. Carvill’ Lewis (Mineralogy), and Mr. Ellis H. Yarnall (Geen \ Exploration), hi Yearly Subscription, 18s. 31s. 6d. will pay for two ee a and 45s. for three. _ Single numbers, 1s. 6d. ay ; McCALLA & STAVELY, 237—9, Dock Bureet PruapErrin, | English Agents :—TRUBNER & Co., 67 & 69, Ludgate Hill, LONDON. ‘THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A OU MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. EpirEp By° PROFESSOR’ TRAIL, ABERDEEN. = Aninal Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., ‘post frees > Articles and communications for the Magazine should, be sent. to the Editor “before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publerion “ in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. vs Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. COWAN & Co., Perth, from whom also. Terms for Adyertising a ‘be had. ; ue APRIL. (as) 1886. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : Occurrence of Cyclostrema nitens at Margate—S. C. Cockerell, M.C.S. Notes on the distinctness of the genera Turtonia and Cyamium— Edgar A, Smith, F.Z.S.. ae a Bee Zonites draparnaldrin Captivity —Miss F.M. Hele... Notes on some British Varieties of Limnza—S, C. Cockerell, M. (Oe S. Vertigo moulinsiana in Notts.—J. W. Taylor Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the Tower ese Baker Hudson, M.C.S. doe Bae as Ae Exhibition of Shells at Manchester List of the Land and Freshwater Shells of chai F. W. “Wotton, M.C.S. Descriptions of three New ‘Species of Freshwater Shells from Japan— Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. : Mollusca of the Neighbourhood of Clapham, Yorkshire—Hugh Richardson Ke Description of a New Species of Voluta from West Australia—Edgar A Smith, F.Z.S. The Marine Shells of Scilly (Additions and Corrections) Rev. R. W. J. Smart, M.A., and Rev. A. H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S. PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., HuNnsLET NEw Roap. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLstTRAssz, 11. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA : W. LEGRAND. PRICE ONE SHILLING. 32 PaGEs MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE (BY POST, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, PosT-FREE. THE NATURALIST, A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L8., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the journal is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, and | physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England, All Communications should be addressed thus :— ‘““THE EDITORS OF THE ‘ NATURALIST,’ LEEDS,” The ‘Naturalist’ may also be had of Mr. G. E. East, Jun., 241, Evering Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.; and Messrs. LOVELL, REEVE, & Co., 5. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. F B COWERBY 45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON, P p y names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and Private Museums; supplies Desiderata and entire Collections from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. ’ IN PricE LIsts ON oreo SPECIMENS SENT FOR SELECTION. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Price 4 FRANCS PER’ PART, PayasLe on RECEIPT OF PART, The work will be completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to M. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de l’ Universite, Paris. BOOKS RACH hike Science Gossip, Feb., Mar. - [The Editor. The Naturalist, edited by W. Denison Roebuck and W. E. Clarke [The Editors Journal de Conchyliologie, edited by Crosse and Fischer, for Oct. [The Editors. The Mollusca [of Surrey], by E. Hi. Rowe [The Author, Zoologischer Anzeiger, herausgegeben Prof. J. Victor Carus [The Editor. Manual of Conchology, part xxix., by G. W. Tryon, Jun. [The Author. Leopoldina, edited by Dr. Knoblauch, Jahrgang, 1885 [ The Editor. On Fossil and Subfossil Land Shells of U.S., with notes on living species, by J. G. Cooper, M.D. [The Author, The Lower Lias of Leicestershire, by 11. E. Quilter | The Author. Annales de la Societe Royale Malacologique de Belgique, for 1880, 1883, and 1884 [The Society. Transactions of Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club, vol. iii., part 7 [The Society. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, redigirt von Dr. Franz Ritter von Hauer, Jahresbericht for 1885 __ [The Editor Des Testacelles Francaises, par M. le Dr. Paul Massot [J. R. Bourguignat. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der deutschen Nacktschnecken und ihrer europaischen Verwandten von Dr. H. Simroth [The Author. Ueber eine Nacktschnecken von Samarkand, die Amalia maculata Heyn, besser Agriolimax maculatus von Dr. Simroth [The Author. Notice of Meeting of Microscopical and Natural History Section of Literary and Philosophical Society, Dec. 7th, 1885 [R. D. Darbishire. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells, By GHO. W. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. * .* The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for. Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... Be Me: CARON tito! Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... Mie Ue OG Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies Sap ae te Seat) econ OO First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, containing 8,482 figures. Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricide and Purpuride, 1880. Vol. III.—Tritonidze, Fusidze, and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. [V.—Nasside, Mitride, Volutide, and Turbinellide, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellidze, Olivide, and Colum- bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1834. Vol. VII.— Terebridz, Cancellariide, Strombide, Cypreeide, Ovulide, Cassidide, and Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VIII. —Naticide, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimidz, and Pyramidellidz, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. I.—Testacellidze, Oleacinidee, Vitrinidee, Limacidze, Arionidz, etc., 364 pp-, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol. II.—Zonitide, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— ; GEORGE WY. TRYON, JUN,, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, LupGATE HLL, Lonpon. F. SAVY, 77, Bout. St. GERMAIN, ParRISs. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate. If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The following are already in hand :— Miss E. Jellie | W. Nelson J. Pickering Miss F. M. Hele W. D. Roebuck F. Walker Mrs. Fitzgerald R. Scharif W. D. Sutton J.A. Lapham _ J. B. Bridgman Dr. Pulteney S. R. Roberts A. Brown = Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Hunslet Road, Leeds. TIN PREPARATION. Monograph Of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. Assistance Required Immediately—Specimens of Testacellz from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacelle. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the LIFE HIsTORY—STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will bewelcomed and carefully acknowledged. Address :—MR. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Yournal of Conchology, Hunslet New Road, Leeds. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. The proprietors have associated with Professors Packard and Cope, its principal editors, a number of leading scientists, whose names are a guarantee of editorial ability, as Dr. C. O. Whitman (Microscopy), Prof. Henry Sewall (Physiology), Prof. C. E. Bessey (Botany), Prof. O. T. Mason (Anthropology), Prof. C. V. Riley (Entomology), Prof. H. Carvill Lewis (Mineralogy), and Mr. Ellis H. Yarnall (Geographical Exploration). Yearly Subscription, 18s. 31s. 6d. will pay for two years’ Subscription, and 45s. for three. Single numbers, Is. 6d. McCALLA & STAVELY, 237—9, Dock Street, PHILADELPHIA. English Agents :—TRUBNER & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, LONDON, THH SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. EDITED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. COwAN & Co., Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. No. 3.| JULY. (Pete) 1886. [Vo. v. THE JOURNAL OF | CONCHOLOGY. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS PAE QOARTERLY, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : PAGE. Helix cantiana in Nottinghamshire—C. T. Musson, M.C.S. ... eae Erosion of Certain Freshwater Shells—Geo. W. Shrubsole, M.C.S.... 66 Preliminary Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca about Tar- bert, Loch Fyne—Thos. Scott, M.C.S. Soe 72 Notes on some varieties of British Shells—T. D. A. Gockereill M. Cc. S, 79 Paludina contecta in Hotogl ature and Yorkshire—W. A. Gain, MECC IS a7 oss Se Ne es Sac sO0. Helix lactea in oe no, Ww. Taylor as ae wae OD Extension of the range of Pupa ringens—Jno. W. Taylor ee POT Helix obvoluta in Surrey—S. J. DaCosta aes 81 Contributions towards a List of North Wiltshire Mollases 0 D. A. Cockerell, M.C.S. 3 Ae Fe a Letter OZ Note on Helix obyoluta—Miss F. M. Hele ae * “ee beste! Succinea oblonga in North Somersetshire—Jno. W. Taylor she 84 On the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of ee a Birgithe Esmark ... 90 PROCEEDINGS ofthe CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 85 > 32+ ee << LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., HuNSLET NEw Roap. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARtstTRAssE, 11. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND. PRICE ONE SHILLING. ACKWORTH SHELLS. T IS PROPOSED to publish in the ‘Natural History Journal,’ a List of the Land and Freshwater Shells found near Ackworth. Ackworth lies in the Went Vale district of Nelson and Taylor’s York- shire Mollusca. Any help will be very welcome. Address:—W. D. BRAITHWAITE, Ackworth School, near Pontefract ; or HuGH RICHARD- son, The Gables, Elswick Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. XCHANGE.—Mr. MARSHALL, of Sevenoaks, Torquay, invites Exchanges in BririsH or EUROPEAN SHELLS. F B SOWERB 45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON, . . 5 whames and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and Private Museums; supplies Desiderata and entire Collections from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. RRR RAR rm Price Lists ON APPLICATION. SPECIMENS SENT FOR SELECTION. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. PRICE 4 FRANCS PER PART, PayaBLe ON RECEIPT OF PART. The work will be completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to i. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, ruc de l’ Universite, Paris. BooES RHMCHIV HD. Journal of Proceedings of the Essex Field Club, vol. iv., part 1, June, 1885 [The Society. Transactions of the Essex Field Club, vol. iv., part 1, June, 1885 [The Soclety. Bericht iiber die Senckenbergische naturforshende Gesellschaft, 1885, and Reiseerinnerungen aus Algerien und Tunis, von Dr. W. Kobelt [The Society. Manual of Conchology—Pulmonata—parts 1—6 [The Author. Espéces Nouvelles et Genres Nouveaux découverts par les Réy. Peres Mission- aries dans les grands lac Africains Oukéréwé et Tanganika, par J. R Bourguignat [The Author. Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1874 —1885 . | The Society. The Collector’s Science Monthly, No. 1, vol. i. [Bryant Walker. Elephant pipes and inscribed tablets in the Museum of Academy of Natural Sciences, Davenport, Iowa, by C. E. Putnam [The Society. Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club, edited by John Hopkinson, F.L.S., F.G.S., vol. iii., parts $8 and 9 [The Society. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, vol. ix., No. 1, April, 1886 [The Society. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for 1885 [The Society. Annales de la Societe Malacologique de Belgique, 1863,—1871 [The Society. Procés-Verbal de la Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique, August— December, 1885 [The Society “MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells, By GHO. W. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts Gn octavo form), of which four constitute a volume, Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. *,.* The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for, Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... ee me ss0.) 3,00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... Su BOO Fine Edition,—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies 5S ses aa nie 6.00 First Series.—Marine Gastropods, To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, containing $,482 figures. Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. I1.—Muricidze and Purpuride, 1880. Vol. II1I.—Tritonide, Fusidz, and Buccinidz, 1881, Vol. I1V.—Nasside, Mitridz, Volutidze, and Turbinellidz, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellide, Olivide, and Colum- bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VII.— Terebridz, Cancellariide, Strombida, Cyprzeidz, Ovulide, Cassidide, and Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VIII. —Naticidew, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimide, and Pyramidellide, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. I.—Testacellidze, Oleacinidz, Vitrinideey Limacidz, Arionidz, etc., 364 pp-, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol, II-—Zonitidx, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— GEORGE W. TRYON, JUN., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, LupGAaTE HILL, Lonpon, F. SAVY, 77, Bout. St. Grrmain, Paris. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate. If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The following are already in hand :— Miss E. Jellie W. Nelson J. Pickering Miss F. M. Hele W. D. Roebuck F. Walker Mrs. Fitzgerald R. Scharff W. D. Sutton J. A, Lapham J. B, Bridgman Dr. Pulteney S. R. Roberts A. Brown H. Adams, F.L.S. A. Adams, F.L.S. H. P. Fitzgerald W. Jeffery — Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Hunslet Road, Leeds. IIN PREPARATION. Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. Assistance Required Immediately—Specimens of Testacellz from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacelle. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the Lirzr HistoRY—-STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. Address :—MR. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Journal of Conchology, Hunslet New Road, Leeds. : 32 PaGEs MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE (By Post, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, PosT-FREE. THE NATURALIST, A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the journal is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, and physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England. All Communications should be addressed thus :— ‘THE EDITORS OF THE ‘ NATURALIST,’ LEEDS.” The ‘Naturalist’ may also be had of Mr. G. E. East, Jun., 241, Evering Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.; and Messrs. LOVELL, REEVE, & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. EDITED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor before the Ist of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. CowAN & Co., Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. No. 4.| OCT. (m=) 1886. [Vor. v. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : PAGE, On the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Norway—(Miss) Birgithe OSI un ol Ute aan et aE Re BERLE ee ON ame ea Si Ta Ge >. +e LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., HuNnsLeT NEw Roap. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CartsTRAssg, 11. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND. PRICE ONE SHILLING. ACKWORTH SHELLS. T IS PROPOSED to publish in the ‘Natural History Journal,’ a List of the Land and Freshwater Shells found near Ackworth. Ackworth lies in the Went Vale district of Nelson and Taylors York- shire Mollusca. Any help will be very welcome. Address:—W. D. BRAITHWAITE, Ackworth School, near Pontefract ; or HUGH RICHARD- son, The Gables, Elswick Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. XCHANGE.—Mr. MARSHALL, of Sevenoaks, Torquay, invites Exchanges in BRITISH or EUROPEAN SHELLS. RITISH MARINE SHELLS offered in Exchange for Land and Freshwater .or other Marine Species.—C. JEFFERyS, Tenby. f B eB SOWERBY 45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON, 7 1 :e iJ 2» names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and Private Museums; supplies Desiderata and entire Collections from a large and valuable Stock, which is censtantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. ORR 2 nee Eien ON AvPLicaTion. oe CME ® SENT FOR SELECTION. THE MARINE MOLLUSGA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. ‘By —. BUCOUCY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Prick 4 FRANCS PER PART, PayasLe ON RECEIPT OF ParRT. The work will be completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to MF: PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de l'Universite, Paris. BOOS PAC Wap, Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon, Fasc. 11 & 12, by Dautzenberg, Bucquoy, and Dollfuss. [The Authors. The Malacology of Abyssinia, by J. R. Bourguignat [The Author. Introduction to the French Succiniz, by J. R. Bourguignat ' {The Author. Science Gossip, June [The Editor. Manual of Conchology, Marine Univalves, by Geo. W. Tryon [The Author. Malakozoologische Blatter Herausgegeben: von 8. Clessin, viii.Band, Bogen 4, ~ Taf. I—9 | The Editor. The Liver Fluke, by H. P. Fitzgerald [The Author. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Redigirt von Dr. Franz Ritter von Hauer, Band 1, Nos.:2.and 3 [The Editor. The Naturalist [The Editors Museum Normanianum, or a catalogue of the Invertebrata of Europe, and the Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean,-which are contained in the collection of the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., F.L.S., i, Echmodermata ; ii, Pantopoda ; ili, Crustacea [The Author. Zoologischer Anzeiger, herausgegeben Prof. J. V. Carus [The Author. Journal de Conchyliologie, January, 1886 [The Editors. -Report on the Testaceous Mollusca (From Liverpool Marine. Biology Committee “Report) by R- D. Darbishire,’ F.G.S. [Fhe Author. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, edited by Dr. Kobelt [The Editor. Journal de Conchyliologie, edited by Crosse and Fischer [The Editors. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, [lustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells, By GHO. W. TRYON, JUN, CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in -octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16. to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, ete. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. *,.* The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for. ‘Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in avolume) ... Has vad aes 893-00 Colored Edition,—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... See BOO Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition: strictly limited to 25 copies aA aie oa sas, /) ¢00 First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, .with 530 plates, containing 8,482 figures. Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. Il.—Muricidee and Purpuride, 1880. Vol. IIJ.—Tritonide, Fusidee, and Buccinidz, 1881. Vol. 1V.—Nasside, Mitride, Volutidee, and Turbinellidz, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellidee, Olividee, and Colum- bellide, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conidz, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VII— Terebridz, Cancellariidz, -Strombidz, - Cyprzeidz, Ovulide, Cassidide, and Doliidz, 1885. ~[Vol. VIII. —Naticidw, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimide, and Pyramidellide, 1886]. 5 Second Series. —Pulmonata. “To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. 1.—Testacellidee, Oleacinidze, Vitrinidze, Limacidz, Arionide, etc. ns 6 -pp., with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol. II.—Zonitidz, 1886]. Subseribers will please address :— ‘GEORGE W. TRYON, JUN., Academy of “Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, ‘TRUBNER & CO., 57,.59, LupcaTE Hii, Lonpon. “FL SAVY,» 77,°BouL, ‘St. GERMAIN, ParIs. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the ‘‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate. If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The following have recently been added to the Album :—C. AsHFoRD, W, JEFFERY, A.J. JENKINS, and G. ROBERTs, Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Hunslet Road, Leeds. LIN PREPARA ET @ie Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellz from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacelle. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the Lirk HistoRY—STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.— will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. Address :—MR. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Fournal of Conchology, Hunslet New Road, Leeds. 32 PaGEs MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE (BY Post, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, PosT-FREE. : THE NATURALIST, A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wu. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the journal is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, and physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England. All Communications should be addressed thus :— ‘*THE EDITORS OF THE ‘NATURALIST,’ LEEDS,” The ‘Naturalist’ may also be had of Mr. G. E. East, Jun., 241, Evering Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.; and Messrs. LOVELL, REEVE, & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. THEH SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. EDITED BY PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. COwAN & Co,, Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. No. s.| JAN. (Published) 1887, [Vou. v. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE, On the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of N aCe) ae Esmark ... oe 129 Constitution and List of Members oe the Gollchioidsical Socicn: we 145 Planorbis complanatus monst. terebrum in East Kent.—S.C. Cockerell 150 Achatina acicula in Northamptonshire.—Walter D. Crick... vee E51 Marine Mollusca at Land’s End, Cornwall.—T. D. A. Cockerell ... 151 New Habitat for Odostomia pallida.—R. W. J. Smart.. Cie 152 Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Christchurch, S. cae —C, Menace 153 PROCEEDINGS of the Se manera PoC 132 BIBLIOGRAPHY _ -- a > > =e LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., HuNSLET NEW Roap. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARtisTRAssz, 11. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND. PRICE ONE SHILLING. NEW LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS. AN EXCHANGE LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS, comprising those of the BRACHIOPODA and MOLLUSCA proper, with varieties, and with the authorities given; after the arrangement in “ JEFFREYS’ BRITISH CON- CHOLOGY,”’ with additions and alterations to 1885 ; prepared by ALEX. SOMERVILLE BSc. F.LS. Printed on four pages, foolscap size, bank paper. To be had of A. STENHOUSE, Bookseller, University Avenue, GLASGOW. Price 3d. each, or 2s. 6d. per dozen, post free. ANTED—FOSSIL LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, also Recent Forms of FOSSIL GENERA, British & Foreign. Exchange or Cash.—C. T. MUSSON, 23, Mapperley Hull, Nottingham, \ A TILL Conchologists kindly assist advertiser by sending batches of HELICES NEMORALIS and HORTENSIS. Exchange given in UNIO MARGARITIFER, &c.—B. HUDSON, M.C.S., 5, Westbourne Grove, Redcar. 1 sea MARSHALL, of Sevenoaks, Torquay, invites Exchanges in BRITISH or EUROPEAN SHELLS. RITISH MARINE SHELLS offered in Exchange for Land and Freshwater or ous Marine Species. —C. poveses Tenby, WERBY, 45, GREAT. RUSSELL Sy LONDON, names and arranges Specimens and Collections - of SHELLS, for Public ev Private Museums; supplies Desiderata and entire Collections from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. C. B. SO EDO sae iss ON APPLICATION. SPECIMENS SENT FOR SELECTION. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. . FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES, Bye. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Price 4 FRANCS PER PART, PAyvasBLE ON RECEIPT OF PART, The work will he completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to M. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de l’Universite, Paris. BOOMS vCal Vy al: Steirrische Nacktschnecken, by H. Simroth [The Author. The Scottish Naturalist, July, October, 1886 ; January, 1887 (The Editor. Diagnoses de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Tonkin, par L. Morlet [The Author. Manual of Conchology, by G. W. Tryon, junr. [The Author. Unionide et Iridinidze du Lac Tanganika, by J, R. Bourguignat [The Author. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, vol. ix, Nos. 2, 3 [The Society. A large collection of the writings of Prof. E. y. Martens [The Author, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’ Society, new series, vol. v, part 1, 1885-6. [The Society, The Shells of Pettis Co., Missouri, by F. A. Sampson [The Author. Proc. of the Academy of Natural ehenees of Philadelphia, pt. 1, Jan. to Mar., 1886 [The Society. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. By GHO. W. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and - furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. *..* The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for, Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... Be ae Saag. 00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... +e} | BSOO Fine Hdition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies at be Sh tne OOD First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, containing 8,452 figures, Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricide and Purpuride, 1880. Vol. I1I.—Tritonidz, Fusidz, and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. 1V.—Nasside, Mitride, Volutidze, and Turbinellidee, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellide, Olivide, and Colum- bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VII.— Terebridz, Cancellariidee, Strombide, Cypreeide, Ovulidee, Cassidide, and Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VIII. —Naticidw, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimidz, and Pyramidellide, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol, I.—Testacellidz, Oleacinidze, Vitrinidee, Limacidee, Arionidze, etc., 364 pp-, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol. Il,—Zonitide, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— GEORGE W. TRYON, JUN,, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, Lupcate Hii1, Lonpon, F. SAVY, 77, Bout. St. GERMAIN, PaRIs, ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the “JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate. If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The following have recently been added to the Album :—E. J. Lowe, F.R.S., A, SomERVILLE, B.Sc., B. ToMLIn, J: WILCOcK, E. CoLLierR, BAKER Hupson, Dr. VINER, Dr. Evans, J. H. Ponsonsy, J. RaMAGE, and W. H. HEATHCOTE. Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Hunslet Road, Leeds. TIN PRAPA RA PI Owpte. Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacelle from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacellz. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the Lirx H1stoRY— STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged, Address :--MR. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Yournal of Conchology, Hunslet New Road, Leeds. 32 Paces MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE (BY Post, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, POST-FREE. THE NATURALIST, A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the journal is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, and physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England. All Communications should be addressed thus :-— ‘THE EDITORS OF THE ‘ NATURALIST,’ LEEDS.” ? The ‘Naturalist’ may also be had of Mr. G. E. East, Jun., 241, Evering Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.; and Messrs. LOVELL, REEVE, & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE, EpITED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor. before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. Cowan & Co., Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. 3 APRIL (tists) 1887. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Christchurch, $. Hants.—C. Ashford Land and Freshwater Shells eollccied about nee Cornwall.— J. H. James Helix hortensis monst. SG TaST and H. aspersa var. cena | in Pembrokeshire.—Jno. W. Taylor On the Genus Cuma.—Rev. A. H. Cooke, M. A., F. Z, ‘S. : Some Conchological Notes of a Visit to Fifeshire, N. B.—Thos. Seat -Pisidium roseum and Vertigo antivertigo in E. Kent,—S. C. Cockerell Collecting Mollusca in the Celtic Regions oe the coast of France), near Brest aoe ih Notes on the Tee eaten peregra var. Saedctt (Midenyes William Nelson ... Land Shells of Ilfracombe and N sehnourhood: = R. B. Toate Clausilia rugosa var. gracilior at Clapham, Yorks.—C. H. Pierson Contribution towards a List of the Shells of Merioneth.—Thos. Ruddy Physa fontinalis v. albina at F arington, S. Lancas.—W. H. Heathcote Notes on some New British Shells.—J. T. Marshall g Colonizing Land and Freshwater Shells in E. Sutherland.—W. Baillie >» +a LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., HunsLeT NEw RoAp. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE, II. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W, LEGRAND. PRICE ONE SHILLING, NEW LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS. AN EXCHANGE LIST OF BRITISH MARINE SHELLS, ‘comprising those of the BRACHIOPODA and MOLLUSCA proper, with varieties, and with the authorities given; after the arrangement in ‘“ JEFFREYS’ BRITISH CON- CHOLOGY,” with additions and alterations to 1885 ; prepared by ALEX. SOMERVILLE BSc. F.LS. Printed on four pages, foolscap size, bank paper. To be had of A. STENHOUSE, Bookseller, University Avenue, GLASGOW. Price 3d. each, or 2s. 6d. per dozen, post free. ( : B OWERBY, 45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, A ‘ W.C., has probably the Largest STOCK OF RECENT SHELLS of any dealer in the world, from which selections may be made on the premises or specimens sent for selection. 5 Ve COLLECTIONS Illustrative of Generic and Sub-generic Forms, and Species, from 100 to 5,000 species from £1 10s. to £300. Museums, Private Collections, and ‘Specimens Classified, Named, and Arranged. THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, by G. B. SowerBy. Part 44 (com- pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the Monographs of the Genera CONUS and VOLUTA, with Twelve Coloured Plates. Price, £1 5s. . ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. New Edition, Enlarged and Revised, with Twenty-six Coloured Plates. giving a figure of every known British species. Price, 41 15s. XCHANGE.—United States Land and Freshwater Shells are offered in Exchange for those of Great Britain and Europe.— S. M. LutHer, Garretsville, Ohio, U.S.A. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Price 4 FRANCS PER PART, PayvasLe ON RECEIPT OF PART. The work will be completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be‘sent to M. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de Universite, Paris. TBO OFS Y CEO Fay amass Annales de la Soc. Roy. Mal. de Belgique, Annee, 1885. [The Society. Science Gossip, edited by J. E. Taylor, F.G.S. {The Editor. Description d’une Coupe levee a Estinnes-au-Mont, by Baron A. de Loe and D. Raeymaekers. Sur la ‘presence du Cytherea splendida, Merian a l’ouest de Louvain, by D. Raeymackers. Note sur un gisement Bolderien Fossilifere a Pellenberg, by D. Raeymaekers, Sur la presence of L. glabra Mull. a Lubbeck, by D. Raeymaekers. Sur l’ablation des premiers tours de spire chez le Paludina contexta Mull., by D. Raeymaekers. Compte Rendu de l|’Excursion Annuelle, xx., par D. Raeymaekers and Baron O. van Ertborn. Quelques observations faites aux envirous de Grez, by D. Raeymaekers and Baron A. de Loe. (Mr. D. Raeymaekers. Journal de Conchyliologie, April, July, and Oct., 1886, edited by Crosse and Fischer [The Editors. ‘Transactions of Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc. and Field Club, edited by J. Hopkinson F.L.S. Faune Malacologique des Bassins du Tage et.du Sado (Portugal), part i. Marine, part ti. Land and Freshwater, by Auguste Nobre. [The Author. Observations of the Terrestrial Mollusca of Ottawa and vicinity, by F. R. Latchford, B.A. (The Author, Bericht uber die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankfort-am-Main, 1886. Note di Malacologia Piemontese, by Carlo Pollonera,. ‘‘ Elencho dei Molluschi Terrestri viventi in Piemonte.” [The Author. . West American Scientist, Vol. i., Nos. 3,'6,11; Vol. ti., Nos. 1, 14, 15, 16. [The Publisher. Annual Report of the Department of Mines, New South Wales, 1885-6. [The Department. Agguinte alla Malacologia terrestre del Piemonte, by C. Pollonera [The Author. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. xvii., Nos. 1—12. [The Institute. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Nat. Sci., vol. iv. [The Academy. Proc. of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., vol. xxiii., part 2. [The Society. Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon, par Bucquoy, Ph. Dautzenberg, and G. Dollfuss, part 13 [The Authors. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells, BY GEO. W. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. - * .* The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for. Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... aos aA vas 283).00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... he 5 00 Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies iu ee tee abo) os ts) (0) First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, containing 8,482 figures. s Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricidze and Purpuride, 1880. Vol. I1I.—Tritonide, Fusidz, and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. 1V.—Nassidze, Mitride, Volutidz, and Turbinellide, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellidze, Olivide, and Colum- bellidz, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VII.— Terebridz, Cancellariide, Strombide, Cypreide, Ovulide, Cassidide, and Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VIII. —Naticidw, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimide, and Pyramidellide, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. I.—Testacellidze, Oleacinide, Vitrinidz, Limacide, Arionidz, etc., 364 pp-, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol, II.—Zonitidz, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— GEORGE W. TRYON, dUN., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, LupcATE HILL, Lonpon. F. SAVY, 77, Bout. St. GERMAIN, Paris. Rr. ; ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the ‘‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo-. graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate. If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The following have recently been added to the Album :—Prof. W. H. DALL, Rev. S, SPENCER PEARCE, Rev. H. GLANVILLE BARNACLE, and WILFRID BENDALL. Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Hunslet Road, Leeds. : IN PREPARATION. Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellz from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacelle. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the Lirz HisTtOoRY—STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.— will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. Address :—Mr. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Yournal of Conchology, Hunslet New Road, Leeds. 32 PAGES MONTHLY, PRICE SIXPENCE (By Post, SEVENPENCE). PREPAID SUBSCRIPTIONS, 5/- PER ANNUM, PosT-FREE. THE NATURALIST: A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England, CONDUCTED BY Wm. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., & Wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., The object of the journal is the elucidation of the natural history, geology, and physical features of the ten Northern Counties of England. All Communications should be addressed thus :— “THE EDITORS OF THE ‘ NATURALIST,’ LEEDS.” 3 The ‘Naturalist’ may also be had of Mr. G. E. EAst, Jun., 241, Evering Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.; and Messrs. LOVELL, REEVE, & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. THH SCOTTISH NATURALIST 5) A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. ; EDITED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. Cowan & Co., Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. i2 No. 7 : i JULY ces 1887. fou ws. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY,. ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS ~ THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. || CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : On the Position of the Operculum in Concholepas peruvianus—Rey. UF A. H. Cooke, M.A.,°F.Z:S. 193 Land Shells of Gibraltar.—J. H. Ponsonby es x ~ Additions to the ‘Mollusca of Clapham.’—W. E. olines ol ORI ~Marine Mollusca of Lyme Kegis.—J. W. Cundall 196 Mollusca of Merionethshire.—F. G. Fenn “198 Zonites fulvus ‘re-discovered in its ancient locality in ‘Linpeleenect — TG H. Wallis Kew ... wee MOO “Additional Note on the Genus Cane SNe E, Hoyle, M. ri i 2080 Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the Engadine and the Bregaglia Valleys, East Switzerland.—Rev. S. Spencer Pearce, M.A. .. aa Occurrence of Planorbis lineatus in Mon acme nant: Sel Bickerton Morgan ... Sy Eee | On Planorbis dilatatus, P. alater aod Spleen ee ine Gedeees 218i: oh Additional Note on Planorbis dilatatus and Planorbis epee ab Burne 4 tae, ley.—f: Bates ... Li ass aes Sone A Dextral Physa fontinalis.—J. W. Withenis D. ce a Discovery of Clatsilia Rolphii in North Lincolnshire, —J. W. Haylor 220 Notes on the Epidermis or Periostracon of Mollusca.—G. Sheriff Ay els 227 he ah PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 200 — 3 +e LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Sovereign Street. ‘BERLIN; ~R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE, II. HOBART TOWN, TASMANIA: W. LEGRAND. PRICE. ONE SHILLING. . PAGE. |f 210 1 2 i an Album of Conchologists, and would be very. glad to receive copies of ‘Photo-. graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate . Rive desired » RoEBUCK (cabinet size). -. 2.—Living specimens of Zestacella sala wanted. eed a Fine Collection of British and Foreign Unionidz, about 50 specie > ALBUM OF for NOH The Editor of the “JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY a purposes for the favor will be Pier ne eeee The following have recently been anda to the - Album : >—T. D. A... CocKEREL,- HucH RICHARDSON, and W.. DENISON | 42 Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Savercian Street, Tee TIN PREPARATION. Monograph of the Land 6 Preshwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. . > ce INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR, MONOGRAPH. Bore | Lemme did Layard describe 7: estacella aurtgaster 2 Mr. Layard himself has an now forgot. 3-—Authentically named specimens of Zestacella bisulcata (living preferred) on n loan go) or otherwise. f ae As —Where i is Hedderwick ? Phi Recictence Desired Immediately Specimens of Testacellz from any. locality. ; Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have spo ACCESS, taving reference to Testacellee. ane Co-operation is invited. from all Conchologists interested in the above Sahice 5ote _ Any information or specimens illustrating the Lir—E H1sToRY—STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- — MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will bewelcomed and carefully acknowledged, Address: -—Mr. J. W. oO Office of the Fournal of ees Bg ey a Street, Leeds. ‘NATURALIST’ cays No. I. = ust OF LAND & FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF LANCASHIRE, ROBERT STANDEN. This paper contains not only Mr. Giindens own observations, ae those of 5 _ Messrs. R. D. Darbishire, Thos. Rogers, W. H. Heathcote, J. A. Hargreaves, F. C. Long, H. Stephenson, and other conchologists, and the observations published «= __ in Dyson’s list of 1885 and in paws lists of ies and 1885 are repeintea 1% ray comparison. Rau Price Ninepence (By Post, Winepenee Hal? nenuyy ei To be had from the Publishers of the ‘ Naturalist,’ Park Row, Leeds, OR SALE.—12 Guinras.—A Collection of BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, many British Marine Shells, _ -of Clausiliz, with many species of Tropical Marine Shells, and some ~ Quartz Crystals, &c. —Address, F. M. HELE, ee mre Road, Cotham, Bristol. i oct. ca) 1887. “THES: “JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. _ESTABLISHED IN- 1874. AS THE quar TERL ¥ JO URNAL On cONCHOLOGY. ; ee eS CONTENTS. 3 ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS : Helix arbustorum monst. sinistrorsum in Segare —Jno. W. Taylor “gh: ~ Note on the Pearly Nautilus.—Edgar A. Smith, F, ZS. : Abnormal Helix aspersa. = We EcCallmgens, 3 eee ~~ Conchological Notes.—Thos. Scott i eee : -_ A List of Marine. Shells obtained at Filey in Anais a September, Bie os = 1887, Rev. Carleton Greene, M.A... Notes on Australian Species of Bithinia, Soe endie: and one and. 2 eh eae Desctiption of a new Melania. .—Edgar A. Smith, F. Fas . “Occurrence of Vertigo alpestris in Yorkshire.—Jno. W. Taylor How. does a Snail Crawl ?—Robert F. Scharff, Ph.D., B.Sc.. On a} New Species of ‘Sinistral Limnza, from Central eee ‘with some. remarks on so-called species of Physa, also” from a Australla, Rev. A. H.Cooke, M.A., F:Z,S. PE Description ofa New Species of Conus, and a note on.a white er “ of C. eburneus.—Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. ~ Description of a new variety of Planorbis carinatus.—B. Hladson;ii M.C. S. ~ A New Variety of Spherium corneum—J. -W. Williams D.Sc. Helix lapicida var. albina. —Rey..S. Spencer Pearce, B.A. — ae. “Hogg’s List of the Mollusca of the Neighbourhood: of Stockton- -on- Tees with Annotations, Baker penelSon, MEGeS: ; | OBILUARY. Thomas Glover. + eg Wage ie PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 245, qt dea aaa : RAB fare LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS.,_ " Sovereien Sires, : BERLIN; R FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carisrrasse, oo oad ( 1 BY \OWERBY, 121, . FULHAM ROAL le) (Removed from. 45, GREAT RUSSELI STREI probably the Largest STOCK OF RECENT SHELLS of any dealer i the: world, from which selections may abe. made ¢ on the Bee or. poe sent igh selection. g ae ‘COLLECTIONS TihisGative” af Gaver. and Sub- -generic Forms, and Species, ay from 100 to 5,000 species from £1 10s. to £300. - rs Museums, Private Collections, and 2 Classified, Named, and “Arranged, 7c) % THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, by. G. B SOWERBY, | Part 44 lie ge? pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the Monographs of the Genera . -CONUS and VOLUTA, with Thirteen Coloured Plates. Prices £4 Sve _ ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. New Edition,” Enlarged and’ Revised, with Twenty-six Coloured Plates. giving 2. figure ¢ of SES known a species. Price, £1 15s. THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTEKLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL pCRENCE s one EDITED BY PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. — 5 aaa Ap aeets -Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. us = ~ _ Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sént to he Editor before the Ist of December, March, June, or September, if intended. for publication. _ in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively, — -- Orders for copies, subscri ptions, &c., should be sent ta S: Cowan & Co., Perth, _ from whom also Terms for Ady vertising may be had. ig THE MARINE. MOLLUSCA OF USO: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. ~~ “FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY ‘PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES, . By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZEN BERG. os PRICE 4 FRANCS PER~ PART, PAYABLE ON RECEIPT or Part. . The work will be caine in 8 or TO parts, and 5 photographic plates i in: each parte - Subscriptions to be sent to aa M. PH. DAUTZEN BERG, 213, rue de Universite, Paris, a SES SEES da Ae SR eS ST EIST ace —Dupuicates Sph. ovale, L. glabra, Pis. Amnicum, and other good local forms of Anedons, Unis: &c.. WANTED, reo Felix fusca, a revelata, Succinea oblonga or virescens, L. HOES eee: Vertigo alpestris, augustior, and pusilla, &c.—JOoun R. B. MaSEFIELD, cet - Rosehill, Cheadle, Staffordshire. es HELLS OF THE BALEARIC ISLANDS.—Srenuor ANTONIO YuDorRI, 35, Calle de San Gorge, Mahon, Islas Baleares, — Spain, would- be giad to. Exchange Land, Freshwater, and Marine 2 ‘Shells of those Islands for British species. : oe Peatie sBOOr.S. ee CEIVED, Graithe SHian Institution Regere ioe 1885 ; he. Institution. ~ he Essex Naturalist, the Journal of the Essex Field Club, edited by W. Cole, No i—9 {The Club. Science Gossip, Aug., Sept., and Oct ; : ; : thes Bee. Gerstfeldt's Molluséa of the Amur district Be , See “Handbook— British Association— Manchester, 1887 : Tp ae = ~ Manual of Conchology—Marine.Univalves, part 35 4 _ [The “Author. Manual of Conchology—PuJmonata, part 11 [The Author. The Natural History journal and School Reporter, No. 96, Sept.; 1887 : SNe ja baie Editors, Annalen des K.K. - Naturhistorischen Holmuseums, edited. ie BF, ‘R. von oe Jel: un. No.3 a A Systematic, Toit Monography of the Recent lee of Shells. Eee : By GO. w. -TRYON, JUN. sé Cowspavaror OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE AcapEmy OF Narurau SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, , The Went of Conchology is published, hy. cba glee in aye a ee ‘ octavo form), of which four constitute a volume, Each part embraces from 16 to_ ee plates, with accompanying text. Each. volume is complete in itself, and - furnished with appropriate title page, index, ete. - Subscriptions can. commence - : _ with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. ae ay * The edition is limited to2 50 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for, GSS Plain Edition,—Per part (4 parts in a volume) - Se nas $3 00 ae Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per pat a Bie 00 _ Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored ae India Se _ tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies ieee ONE Oe a First Series—Marine iSeanennds. To be completed i in eleven volumes. f aed \4.\The ‘seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 PP: ‘text, with. 530 a Q containing 8,482 figures. _ Any volume sold separately. Hae oe ce _ © Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricidee. and Purpuridz, 1880, = Voli TLL. —Tritonide, Fuside, and Buccinidz, 1881. Vol. [V.—Nassidee, Mitridee, S ~ Volutidee, and Turbinellidee, 1882, * Vol. V.—Marginellide, Olividee, and Colum-_ bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VIL -- Terebridee, Cancellariidee, Strombidee, Cypreide, Ovulide, Cassididee, and. 4 Doliide, 1885. [Vol VIII. —Naticide, Carles Reutelice, i and Pyramidellide, 1886]. See wy * : ae Second Series. — Pulmonata. | To be completed i in ten volumes. _ ; fig is Vol. I. —Testacellidee, Oleacinidze, Vitrinidze, ‘Limacide, Anionidg etc. "364 He 3 ~ pp., with 60 plates G, 696 figures), 1885. [ Vol. IL. —Zonitidee, aoe sf a Subscribers will please address :— 2 = 7 “GEORGE W. TRYON, dun., es Academy of Natural Sciences, , Philadelphia, Pa; 2 7; OR; TRUBNER & CO., 51, 59,” Locate HIL1, Lonpon. _F. SAVY, Th Bou ST; GERMAIN, Paris. 3 ae _ an Album of ‘Cpackoteeige ane would. ne very glad to receive c - graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons. willing to “CO= -operate : the favor will be ‘reciprocated. The Geis has s recently | been added a Album +S. C. COCKERELL. fe . -Address—J. W. oe OR, Sovereign Street, Leeds. ae oe ; OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. “INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR. _MONOGRAP. Si now forcot. - - 2.—Living specimens of - ee siaraill scutulum. wanted. ia ee —Authentically named specimens of: Zi estacella bisuleata (living prefered) on loa : - or otherwise. aN ean sdet Via 4. Information about the distribution of Helix cantiana, oA = Wicie ey Layard describe Trestacella aurigaster Mr Layard himself has i Aesiance Desired. arcdistely epee of Tetoeulie ae any ick ty. pissin Extracts from, or loan of; any work, to Which we have not access oh: te ac + xeferehee to ‘Testacelle. Yess ae 5 BP 2a ASO -operation is invited. from: all Coucholosists ce, in 1 the shave - subj ct. _ Any information or'specimens illustrating the |1F: HisToRY— STRUCTURE, DEVELOP- — MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—-will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. _ Address :---MR. a Ww. TAYLOR, Office of the ee of es Pas n eee Street, Leeds. ew ; “NATURALIST” "REPRINTS, No. ce - ust OF LAND & FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF LANCASHIRE : ROBERT STANDEN. | Sire “This. paper Zones not only: Mr. Siahilers own phen. but hee “Of _~ Messrs. R. D, Darbishire, Thos. Rogers, W, H. Heathcote, J. A. Hargreaves, _ F.C. Long, H. Stephenson, and other conchologists, and the. observations published. in. Dyson's list of ac, and in pes i of tee and se are ee es comparison, Price ‘Ninepence (By Post, Ninepence-Halt-pemy),_ Tn 0 be had from the Publishers of the * Naturalist,’ Park Row, Led TOR. SALE. —-12 GUINEAS. oe Collection of | “BRIT ISH LAN Se eas AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, many British Marine Shell ona ine: Collection of British and Foreign Unionide, about 50 specie of Clausiliz, with many species ‘of Tropical Marine Shells, and som ~. Quartz Crystals, &c. —Address, F; M. a Fairlight, a eet ave Roa as Bristol JOURNAL “CONCHOLOGY, ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS “CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: _ Hogg’ s List of Mollusca of Stockton (Cintitniation): —Baker Huncon : _ Notes on L. peregra vars. burnetti and lacustris.—}. Madison : ~ Note on Helix raffrayi,—T. WA, Cockerell iO ys us » & Day’s Collecting near Howden, Yorkshire.—W. Nelson _ ~ (On the Marine Shells of Magilligan Strand.—Miss Honoria Galwey... On Terebratula papillosa Marshall.—J. T. Marshall... As is Descriptions of six new species of Pecten.—J. Cosmo Melvill, BL ASt- _ Descriptions of fifteen new species of Mitra. —J. Cosmo Melvill, F. Eo: _— Description of a new species of Cyprza. == Cosmo Melyill; F.L. ‘S. _ PROCEEDINGS of the CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. a0 : LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Sovereign Street, BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CaRtsrrasse, i. Bp. ~OWERBY, 121, Fl i ee in Be (Removed from 45, Great Sees Here bably the Largest STOCK OF RECENT. ‘SHELLS of a 1 ' world, from which selections Fee Be made: on Pps or specie ‘s i selection. Sea COLLECTIONS Tilustrative: of eatere and Sub-generie F oms, and Species, + from 100 to 5,000 species from £1 10s. to £300. ; 7 Museums, aries Collections, and Specimens | Classified, ‘Named, an - Arranged. wi THESAURUS ‘CONCHYLIORUM, by” G. B. Gowen Part a4 Gon _ pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the, Monographs of the Gener, CONUS and VOLUTA, with Thirteen Coloured Plates, Price 44) 5s. un an ip oS TLUSTRAT ED INDEX OF. BRITISH | SHELLS, New - Edition, +s Enlarged and Revised, with Twenty-six Coloured Plates. giving a Beare of ever as pasnown Buttish species. Price, LY Iss: Ny d ‘ s “THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SOLENT _Eprrep By Professor TRAIL, ABERDEEN. | * Annual Bubecdiption®: payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free, . eta : Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to, fhe. ‘Editor, _ before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if” intended for ‘Publication “in the January, April, July, or. ‘October numbers ‘respectively... Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S- Cowan & Co, Perth, : from adorn ace Terms for Advertising may be had. ; “DESCRIPTIVE AND Ae FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC ‘PLATES By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. a "PRICE. 4 FRANCS ‘PER PART, ‘Pavasye ON Recepr or. Pann SS "The work anil be om bleteds in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to Mz PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de Universite, Paris XCHANGE. —DupxicatTes Spr. ovale, L: glabra; Fis. Amnicum and other good local forms’ of Anodons, Unios, &c,. WANTED, | Helix fusca, H. revelata, Succinea oblonga or virescens, L. involuta, ‘Vertigo alpestris, augustior, and pusilla, &c. ~ JOHN R. B, ‘MasErmeLp, Rosehill Cheadle, Staffordshire. : a CER i ea slap Gace RHEOCELVEID. A complete catalogue of British Mollusca compiled from Jeffrey's British: pone elee ys with alterations and additions to date by Charles Jeffery ' (The Publisher J. Ricci di Mare nell ”editto di Drocleziano, by A, Statuti Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, part mh ii, 1887 [The Society, The Naturalists’. World, edited by Percy Lund, Oct? “> ph [The Editor. The Naturalist, edited by Roebuck and Clarke’ PS hee heck ditors The Science Monthy, edited by Dr. J. W. Williams: : [The Editor. _ Jahrbucher d: Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, ected ae Dr. Kobelt {The Editor, > Journal de Conchyliologie, edited by Crosse and Fischer’. ~ [Tbe Editor. © ; Catalog der Conchylien- Sammlung von Fr. Paetel, Lieferungen 3, 4 and 5) is P li The Scottish Naturalist, edited by Prof. Traill, October, 1887.) 004 y 0, {Phe Editor Uber die Genitalentwicklung der Pulmonaten und die Portpflanzung des: Agriolimax is. levis, by H. Simroth [The Author, Proceedings of the British Naturalists’ Society, New Series, vol. v., part 2s 1886- -7 [The Society. ; ‘The Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society,’ vol, iv., part'7 [The pociety) ts ‘Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon par Buequoy, Dan tcenbers and Dollfuss-— Tome ti., Fasc. 1, Pelecypoda. ~~ NOES) [The sRithoe’ ; ee dela Société Malacologique de France, Tome i iv: rant, ; [The Socie ~ YEBGY: DSR ly nai A Sanat, Tihstrated Menceraphy of the Rooent me Vala Species. of Shells, By GEO. Ww. TRYON, JUN., Conservator OF ‘THE Conctonocrcat SECTION OF THE AcapEny OF Narurat Sciences OF PHILADELPHIA. Ne ‘The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts in iF pen form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to peas plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence — with, and. are xevocable upon, the completion of any ‘volume. i Bes The edition is limited to 2 50 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed Tor, . he a Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) feel ae be aa $3 00 Hf - Colored ‘Edition,—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per Part ve. 0 ae B 00 i i Fine: Edition.—Heavy_ paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India. =< - tinted, edition strictly pe to 25 copies Be nis she ies Ales att oO: 4 ie | f First bentegh “Marine brteneie To be completed i in eleven volumes. me The seven ‘completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, : ooh ontaining 8,482 figures. AM Any volume sold’ separately. ; ah Pe Nols L.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. Il—Muricide and Purpuride, 1880. : Vol. III.—Tritonidze; Fusidee; and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. 1V.—Nassidze, Mitride, ee - Volatide, and Turbinellide, 1882. ENOL PVE. —Marginellide, Olividee, and Colum-_ a : ~ bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI. —Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VIL. — _ Terebridee, ‘Cancellariidee, Strombidee, Cypreeidee, Ovulidee, Cassididze, oe i _ Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VV III. —Naticida, Calyptracide, Turritellides, Bulimidee ) and Pyramidellidee, 1886]. : Second Series,—Pulmonata. To be Eanes in ten volumes. a . “Vol. L —Testacellidee, Oleacinidee, Vitrinide, Limacidz, “Arionidze, etc, +364 fs with 60 plates G, 696 figures), 1885. [Vol. Il. —Zonitide, as ie Subscribers will please address :— | Grorce W.. Tryon, TUN, NM Soy ae Ce | Aon, TRUBNER & CO., “7, 59, LUDGATE ey Lonpow. = 2 SAVY, TD Bout. Sr. GERMAIN, Paris. ae . The Editor of the. “JOURNAL ( OF CONCHOLOGY’ zat purposes forming _ an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo-. graphs, with signature, &c., , of those persons willing to co-operate If desired the favor will be reciprocated. The sieihes has a been added. to oe MaRS Album :—J. IT. THompson, C,M.Z.S _ Address—J. te TAYLOR, (Sopersion: Sirect Teele rN PREPARATION. _ Mong of the Land & Freshwater ls GOL THE BRITISH. FAUNA. _ INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR ‘MONOGRAPH. 2 = —— nue here did Layard describe Zestacella aur igasor Mr, fone himself has Aan now forgot. Pra -2,—Living specimens of Zestacella soutulum wanted. Se ase ~Authentically named specimens of Zestacella bisulcata (living prefered) 9 oni loan ‘s : ~ ©or otherwise. i Rad edi ——Information aout the distribution of Helix cantiana. ‘Assistance’ “Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellze from ary intent Rote: Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not ace haying ve -xeference to Testacellz. SE xe Co- -operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above: subject. ‘ _ Any information or specimens illustrating the Lirt. HisToRY—SrRUCTURE, DEVELOP- | “MENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. f Address :—MR. 1 Ww. TAYLOR, Office of the ee of Conchology, es ee es Street, leeds: ; on THE NATURALISTS’ MONTHLY: A Journal for Nature-Lovers and Nature. Thinkers, 2 AAA AAA : EDITOR eon 4 eo WILLIAMS, MAL RRA AAA EE Publisher: W ALTER SCOTT, 94, Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row, B CG. NOR SALE. AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, many, British “Marine Shells, a Fine Collection of British and Foreign Unionide, many species — of Clausiliz, with many species of Tropical Marine Shells, and some Quartz Crystals, &c. —Address, F. M. HELE, Fairlight, Se Road, Ai Cotham, Bristol. HELLS OF THE BALEAR IC ISLANDS. __SENHOR Ayronto sy: Tupori, 35, Calle de San Gorge, Mahon, Islas ‘Baleares, — Spain, would be giad to Exchange Land, HLS Nate and Marine — Shells of those Islands for British EY 2 rele cate ree APRIL, G72") 1888. TOURNAE CONCHOLOGY. | THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. al CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: - On the Variation of Land and Freshwater Mollusca.—J. W. Taylor... _ Note on a Parasitic Mite of Testacella scutulum.—H. E. Quilter Notice of a Monstrosity of Bythinia tentaculata.—Edgar A. Smith ... Helix lapicida var. albina in Derbyshire.—J. Cosmo Melvill ... Helix lapicida monst. scalaris in Derbyshire. —Rev. H. Milnes Otina otis var. alba at Newquay.—Rev. A. H. Cooke.. Trophon truncatus v. scalaris onthe West of Scotland. a Seeraie - Testacella scutulum in Leicestershire. —H. E, Quilter ... PROCEEDINGS ofthe CONCGHOLOGICAL SOCIETY - Constitution and List of Members of the Conchological Society » OBITUARY.—™z. Andrew Garrett 22> + a LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Sovereign Street. BERLIN; R, FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE, It ‘ATELY PUBLISHED, an ‘E Gi é ITISIT MAR SHELLS, comprising those of the BRACHIOPODA nae OLLUSCA (proper), with Varieties, and with the authorities given ; after the arrangement in “FEPFREVS’ BRITISH CONCHOLOGY,” oats additions and alteration to 1885; prepared by. ~ ALEX. SOMERVILLE, B.Sc., FAios. Vice-President of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed on four pages, Foolscap size, bank paper. To be had of A. STENHOUSE, Bookseller, University Avenue, Glasgow. : Price 3d. each, or 2s. 6d. per dozen, post free. iy y 4 OWERBY, 121, FULHAM ROAD, Lonpon, S.W.” (Removed from 45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET), has probably the Largest STOCK OF RECENT SHELLS of any dealer in the world, from which selections may be made on the premises or spechners sent for selection. COLLECTIONS Illustrative of Generic ane Say -generic Forms, and Saaces from 100 to 5,000 species from 41 10s. to £30 Museums, Private Collections, and Specimens Classified, Named, aad Arranged. 4 THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, by G. B. SOWERBY. Part 44 (enme : pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the Monographs of the Genera — CONUS and VOLUTA, with Thirteen Coloured Plates. Price, £1 5s: ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. New Edition, Enlarged and Revised, with Twenty-six Colouted Plates, giving a Beut a ee - known British species. Price, £1 15s. THER SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLV MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE. EDITED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Can Articles and communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor — before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication - in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. Cowan & Co. » Perth, fg SLOT whom also. Terms for Advertising may be had. THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONY MIC. - FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES, By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. PRICE 4 FRANCS PER PART; PavapLe on RECEIPT OF. PaRT, _ The work will be completed in 8 or Io parts, and 5 photographic lates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to N. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, rue de PUniversite, Faris. BOOKS REHECOHIV EHD. : The Garner, complete [The Publisher. The. Terrestrial Mollusca inhabiting the Samoa or Navigator Island, by Andrew ae ' Garrett j _ {The Author. - On the Terrestrial Mollusks of the Viti Island, parts i.—ii., by Andrew Garrett [The Author. © Nachrichtsblatt d. deutschen Malak. Gesellschaft, Jan.—Feb. ~- [Dr.. Kobelt: 3 The Shells of Ackworth and Went Vale, by Hugh Richardson {Lhe Author. Sitzungs-Berichte d. Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1887 [The Society. The Bssex Naturalist, edited by W. Cole, No. r2, Dec., 1887, Vol. ii., Nos. r—2 [The Editor, Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana, Vol. xiii., 1388 [The Society. Der Zoologische Garten, edited by Dr. Noll, No. 6, 1872 E [The Editor, Journal de Conchyliologie, edited by Crosse ‘and Fischer, No. 4 4, [The Editors. Einige Bemerkungen, betreffend die Systematik der Buropaischen Notkicchaee: ken, by H. Simroth [The Author. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: ee Systematic, ‘Illustrated Monography of the eon. 2 Species of Shells. By GEO. WwW. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence - with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. *,” The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already 1 for. Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... va ee ik D30G Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part .... eee Sa pen : Fine Edition,—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies —... nao i Berne, ment (ele) UR | First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. The seyen completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. etext, with 530 plates, containing 8,482 figures. ’ Any volume sold separately. : é Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricidee and. Purpuride, 1880. Vol. I1I.—Tritonidze, Fusidze, and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. I1V.—Nassidze, Mitridze, Volutidz, and Turbinellide, 1882., Vol. V.—Marginellidze, Olividee, and Colum- bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conidz, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. ViEts ea Terebridze, Cancellariide, Strombidz, Cypreeide, Ovulide, Cassidide, and Doliide, 1885. [Vol. VIII. —Naticide, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimide and Pyramidellide, 1886]. ay Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. I.—Testacellidze, Oleacinidz, Vitrinidze, Limacidz, Arionide, ete., 364 - pp., with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol. II.—Zonitidz, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— GEORGE W. TRYON,. JUN., a of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, oe i OR, TRUBNER & CO;, 57, 59, LuDGATE Hitt, Lonpon. F. SAVY, 77, Bouy. St. GERMAIN, Paris. ANTED.—Clean copies bE Nos. ue ae To oF Vor ip ae the, ‘QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF. CONCHOLOGY, for’ which 2/- each will be paid.— Jno. ‘ul TAYLOR, SOVEREIGN STREET, a LEEDS. OR SALE.—Catal. des Mollusques entire et Fluviat deday, aaa Suisse, J. de Charpentier, 4/-; Catal. des esp. de Mollusques Derr. et Biiyiat dans la Gironde, es Des. Moulins, 4/-; Bidr. till.» ’kundsk. om Norges Arktiske Fauna: I. Mollusca Regionis valet, Novegiae, G. O. Sars, 25s,Address J. W. Tayior, sOveren Slreeh pleedsin IOR SALE. ‘ D AND FRESHWATER SHELLS,-many British Marine Shells, . -a Fine Collection of British and Foreign Unionide,, many species of Clausiliz, with many species of Tropical Marine Shells, andsome Quartz Crystals, &c., The lots will be sold separately if desired.— . _ Address, F. M. HELE, Fairlight, Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. The Editor of the ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming ~ an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- — - graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate If desired _ the favor will be reciprocated. The following has recently been added to the Album :—PRror. )AUTZENBERG, J. Cosmo MELVILL, and CHARLES OLpHaM. Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Sovereign Street, Leeds. Las. PREP Am Att Oa, - Monograph of the Land. & Freshwater Wolnse en OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. i aes INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR MONOGRAPH. I ever. did Layard describe ZestaceHla aus ons 2 Mr. Layard himself ae e now forgot. 2.—Living specimens of Zi estacella scutulum wanted, 3.—Authentically named specimens of 7estacella Cee, (living preferred) on tay uy or otherwise. BENE: 4.—Information about the distribution of Helix cantiana. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellze from any ioealitee Extracts from, or loan of, any wos to. which we have not access, having reference to Testacellz. Co-operation is invited from all Danckilenicts interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the LIFE HISTORY—srrucrure, DEVELOPMENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will be welcomed and carefully es acknowledged. Address : Mr. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Fournal of Com- chology, Sovereign Street, Leeds. JULY, oS 1888. THE J Sina L fi : Bs" reid OF ae OE od : CONCHOLOGY.+| ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS | am THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL. OF CONCHOLOGY. CONDUCTED BY JOIN: OWE ANI OR. 2 Re Se, Membre Honoraire de la Société Malacologique de France, WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY - OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, een ef PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL. | CONTENTS. ee ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: PAGE, | On the Article Purpura in Bee ‘Manual of ager ct es ‘—Rey. Piel | (ice Alfred Hands Cooke, M.A. . 320.3 ee Helix revelata at Newquay.—Rey. "A. H. Cooke: M.A. She ed 320 7% Limneea truncatula floating. —H Wallis Kew ... 3 329 On the Re-discovery of Planorbis multivalvis Case, ‘and Planorbis : truncatus Miles.—Bryant Walker .. a — a jo BBO) Helix pisana var. minor.—Jno. W. Taylor fe 4 ae hese Respiration of Ancylus fluviatilis.—W. A, Gain.. Los Scene sy Unio pictorum var. latior in Lancashire.—Jno. W. Taylor ake Di a olen ‘e Notes on Mitra (Costellaria) rugosa. —James Cosmo Melvill ... Laas zi . Discovery of Helix harpa in Switzerland.—Jno. W. Taylor ... 335 af On the Specific Distinctness and the Geographical Distribution of Testacella scutulum.—Jno. W. Taylor ae 337 Helix revelata and Pupa umbilicata var. alba at Newquay. -S. ie ‘DaCosta E : he Two New Siphonaliz from ‘ae ~]. Cosmo Melvill . |. 348 x 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY. vee sy ved >. + oe ce = 3: “<4 LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Sovereign Street. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Camis tee 3 ae) ees x i. ae: oe EN VENTE CHEZ KEMINK & FILS, VIS A us. LE DOMKERK, Te eR iC epee COQUILLES D’ ESPECES VIVANTES Et Quelques Livres Traitant de la Conchyliologie, Le tout, delaisse par ee la DOUAIRIERE RETHAAN MACARE, Nee ONTYD, si DONT LA VENTE PUBLIQUE AURA LIEU LE LUNDI, 6 AQUT, 1888, A 10 HEURES DU MATIN, A ee PRIX DU CATALOGUE, 1 FRANC. HE DARTS OF THE BRITISH HELICIDA.—Any informa- tion respecting the Structure, Function, Development, Variation, &c., of the above will be welcomed and gratefully ee coeds | by W. E, COLLINGE, 7, Willow Terrace Road, LEEDs. ( a p. OWERBY, 121, FULHAM ROAD, Lonvon, S.W. (Removed from 45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET), has — : probably the Largest STOCK OF RECENT SHELLS of any dealer in the world, from which selections may be made on the premises or specimens sent for Beleenca! COLLECTIONS Illustrative of Generic and Sub-generic Forms, and Species, : from 100 to 5,000 species from £1 I0s. to £300. Museums, Private Collections, and Specimens | Classified, pamed, and Arranged. $ THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, by G. B. ‘SowERBY. Part 44 (com- _ pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the Monographs of the Genera B CONUS and VOLUTA, with Thirteen Coloured Plates. Price, £1 5s. ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. New Edition, Enlarged and Revised, with Twenty-six Coloured Plates, giving a figure of every known British species. Price, £1 155. THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE, EpitED By PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Subscriptions, payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and. communications for the Magazine should be sent to the Editor ; before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to S. Cowan & Co., Perth,” from whom also Terms for Advertising may be had. THE MARINE MOLLUSGA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONY MIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES, By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Price 4 FRANCS PER PART, Payasie on RECEIPT OF PART. The work will be completed in 8 or to parts, and 5 photographic plates in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to M. PH. DAUTZENBERG, 218, ruc de l’Universite, Paris. a CATALOGUE DE LA PRECIEUSE ET ‘SUPERBE COLLECTION ee gee MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells, By GEO. W. TRYON, JUN. _-CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. _ The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts Gn . octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. . Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume. * * The edition is limited to 250 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for. Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts ina volume) ... oe 4p sok BSRCO Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... Ses OO Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies se He Bo te BO 8OOs First Series.—Marine Gastropods. To be completed in eleven volumes. : The seven completed volumes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, _ containing 8,482 figures. Any volume sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879. Vol. II.—Muricidee and Purpuridz, 1880. Vol. I1I.—Tritonide, Fusidz, and Buccinide, 1881. Vol. 1V.—Nassidee, Mitridee, Volutidz, and Turbinellide, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellidee, Olividee, and Colum- bellidz, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. Vol. VII.-— Terebridz, Cancellariide, Strombide, Cypreeidze, Ovulidz, Cassididz, and Doliide, 1885.” [Vol. VIII. —Naticide, Calyptracide, Turritellide, Eulimidz and Pyramidellide, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. Vol. I.—Testacellidz, Oleacinidze, Vitrinide, Limacidze, Arionidz, etc.. 364 pp-, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [Vol. Il.—Zonitidz, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :-— GeEorGE W. TRYON, Jun., Ey of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, LuDGaTE HILL, Lonpon, .F, SAVY, 77, BouL. St. GERMAIN, Paris. ' rANTED. —A eae of “TATES BRITISH | MOLLUSKS? ‘i “VY Please reply, stating price desired, to W. Ae 4, Thurleigh Road, Balham, fue are He as OR SALE.—Bidr. till kundsk. om Noe Arktiske Fauna: I. Mollusca Regionis Arct. Novegiae, G. O. Sars, 25s. ; Mousson’s Land u Susswasser Mollusken v. Java, 22 plates, 8s. Address J. W. as Sovereign Street, Leeds. pir “38 OR SALE.- AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, many British Marine Shells, a Fine Collection of British and Foreign Unionidz, many species _of Clausilize, with many species of Tropical Marine Shells, and some Quartz Crystals, &c. The lots will be sold separately if desired. — - Address, F. M. Het, Fairlight, Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. : The Editor of the “‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY es purposes fori. Sent an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate If desired the favor will be Ga nee The following has recently been added to the ye Album :—PRoF, Ep. v. MARTENS and Mrs. EVANs. Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Sovereign Street, tieds In [eee Se “Monograph ofthe Land éFreshurate Mollusca OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR MONOGRAPH. 1.—Where did Layard describe Zestacella aurigasier ? Mr. Layard himself, has now forgot. Z i 2.—Living specimens of Testacella sue wanted. 3.—Authentically named specimens of Zz estacella bisudcata (living preferred) on 2 loan rece or otherwise. 4.—Information about the distribution of PLAN apna. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellze from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, oe reference to Testacellze. Co-operation is invited from: all Concholosice interested in the above subject. Any information or specimens illustrating the LIFE: HISTORY—stRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c,—will be welcomed and carefully — - acknowledged. Address :—Mr. J, W. TAYLOR, Office of the Yournal of Con- chology, Sovereign Street, Leeds. ic ocr, , eee) 1888. TOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. : ESTABLISHED IN 1874 AS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. _ CONDUCTED BY LO EIN 2 We vt AY: LORY RAGS: Membre Honoraire de la Société Malacologique de France, WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Land and Freshwater Mollusca of oe ae we - Conchological Notes from Picardy Helix nemoralis m. sinistrorsum—F. G. Fenn Ase Vertigo minutissima in Gloucestershire—J. W, Williams Note on Vertigo tumida—J. W. Taylor .. Agriolimax montanus in Colorado—T. D. A. Cockerell | P, marginata var. albina—J. W. Taylor ... ea i Amalia gagates in Cardiganshire—J. W. Taylor. Argiope decollata at Scilly —J. T. Marshall Bulimus decollatus in captivity—F. M. Hele oe Spherium corneum upon the tarsus of Dytiscus marginalis—H. "Wallis Kew On the Red Fluid emitted by Planorbis corneus—J. Ww. Wiliams On the Gonads of the Limnzze—J. W. Williams : Limncea auricularia floating—J. W. Williams... Helix virgata var. radiata in the Isle of Wight—J. W. Taylor... BIBLIOGRAPHY. _ .-- PROCEEDINGS ofthe CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 370 > Ss + ox LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., Sovereign Street. BERLIN; R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, CaRLsTRASsE, II. FRB PRIN Ts. UTHORS of Papers who may wish additional copies of their Articles, may have them on payment of the Printer’s Charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies 4 pp. 3/6. 8 pp. 4/6. 12 pp. 8/-. 16 pp. 10/6. 50 ,, * 4/6. ass rj) 0 23 EO}. = »» 12/6. 100 ;, ” 6/6. ”? 9/-. oe) 12/-. Se: oe) —I5/-. ee ee Will be inserted at the following rates :— — Whole Page ... =e w= 20/+.:. ~ Quarter Page... oss ee ateats 4). Half Page .... 490 ve. 12/6. ~~ Six:lines or under ~~... waed <3) Or ‘One-Third Page... Pr eaieas= 1% Every additional line ~ —...._—_-/6. ( - B. OWERBY, 121, FULHAM ROAD, Lonobon, S.W. (Removed Fon 45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET), has probably the Largest rock OF RECENT SHELLS of any dealer in the world, from which selections may be made on the premises or specimens sent for selection. COLLECTIONS Illustrative of Generic and Sub-generic: Forms, and Species, from 100 to 5,000 species from £1 10s. to £300. Museums, Private Collections, and Specimens a Named, and Arranged. THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, by G. B. SOWERBY. part 44. (com- pleting the Fifth Volume) contains a completion of the Monographs of the Genera CONUS and VOLUTA, with Thirteen Coloured Plates. Price, £1 5s. ILLUSTRATED. INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. . New, Edition, Enlarged and Revised, with Twenty-six Coloured Plates, giving a figure of every known British species. _ Price, £1 15s. THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST, A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF NATURAL SCIENCE, 5 EDITED BY PROFESSOR TRAIL, ABERDEEN. Annual Shibsonanete. payable in advance, 4s. 6d., post free. Articles and communications for .the Magazine should be sent to fe Editor — before the 1st of December, March, June, or September, if intended for publication — in the January, April, July, or October numbers respectively. ; : ~. Orders for copies, subscriptions, &c., should be sent to'S. Cowan & Co., Perth, from whom also Terms for Advertising miay be had. THE MARINE MOLLUSCGA OF ROUSILLON: DESCRIPTIVE AND SYNONYMIC. FORMING ONE VOLUME, ACCOMPANIED BY PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES. By E. BUCQUOY and M. DAUTZENBERG. Price 4 FRANCS PER PART, PayasBLeE on RECEIPT OF PART, The work will be completed in 8 or 10 parts, and 5 photographie pease | in each part. Subscriptions to be sent to M. PH. DAUTZENBERG, pie rue de pay citar Paris. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Ilustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GHO. W. TRYON, JUN., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from 16 to 24 plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and © furnished with appropriate title page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are revocable upon, the completion of any volume, * .* The edition is limited to 2 50 copies, of which 186 are already subscribed for, Plain Edition.—Per part (4 parts in a volume) ... wei se nan bo) On Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand. Per part ... secs 5 CO Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies Soh 230 ae .» 8 00 First Series.—Marine Gastropods, © To be completed in eleven volumes. The seven completed vo.umes comprise 2,176 pp. text, with 530 plates, containing 8,482 figures. oe Any volume-sold separately. Vol. I.—Cephalopoda, 1879... Vol. II.—Muricidze and Purpuridz, 1880. Vol. IlI.—Tritonidz, Fusidz, and Buccinide, 1881... Vol. 1V.—Nassidz, Mitride, Volutidx, and Turbinellide, 1882. Vol. V.—Marginellide, Olivide, and Colum- bellidze, 1883. Vol. VI.—Conide, and Pleurotomide, 1884. ~ Vol. VII.— Terebridze, Cancellariidz, Strombidz, -Cypreeidee, Ovulidee, Cassidide, -and Doliidz, 1885. [Vol.. VIII. —Naticidw, Calyptracida, Turritellide, Enlinide and Pyramidellidz, 1886]. Second Series.—Pulmonata. To be completed in ten volumes. ay * Vol. I.—Testacellidze, Oleacinidz, Vitrinidze, Limacidee, Arionidz, etc.. 364 pp, with 60 plates (1,696 figures), 1885. [ Vol. II.—Zonitidee, 1886]. Subscribers will please address :— GEORGE W. TON, JUN., Academy of N atural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; OR, TRUBNER & CO., 57, 59, LupcaTEe HILL, Lonpon, “F. SAVY, 77, Bout. St. GERMAIN, Paris. ANTED.—A Copy of “TATE’S BRITISH MOLLUSKS.” Please reply, stating price desired, to W. WHITWELL, 4, Thurleigh Road, Balham, London, S.W. OR SALE.—12 Guinreas.—A Collection of BRITISH LAND. AND FRESHWATER SHELLS, many British Marine Shells, a Fine Collection of British and Foreign Unionide, many species of Clausiliz, with many species of Tropical Marine Shells, and some Quartz Crystals, &c. The lots will be sold separately if desired. — Address, F. M. HELE, Fairlight, Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. FINE Collection of EUROPEAN CLAUSILLA: for Sale.— Particulars on application to Miss F. M. HELE, Fairlight, Elm- grove Road, Cotham, Bristol. ALBUM OF CONCHOLOGISTS. | - The Editor of the ‘JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY ” purposes forming an Album of Conchologists, and would be very glad to receive copies of Photo- graphs, with signature, &c., of those persons willing to co-operate If desired — the favor will be reciprocated. The. following has recently been added to the Album :—WALTER Croucn, F.Z.S., H. WALLIS Kew, F.E.S., W. WHITWELL, and J. MADISon. Rah Address—J. W. TAYLOR, Sovereign Street, Leeds. iN: PRP AR A TEOI: Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca. OF THE BRITISH FAUNA. INFORMATION URGENTLY WANTED FOR MONOGRAPH. 1.—Where did Layard describe Zestacella aurigaster? Mr. Layard himself has | now forgot. 2.—Living specimens of Zestacella scutulum wanted. 3.—Authentically named specimens of Zestacella bésudcata (living preferred) on loan or otherwise. S 4.—Information about the distribution of He/¢x cantiana. Assistance Desired Immediately—Specimens of Testacellee from any locality. Extracts from, or loan of, any work, to which we have not access, having reference to Testacellze. Co-operation is invited from all Conchologists interested in the above subject. any information or specimens illustrating the LIFE HISTORY—srructure, DEVELOPMENT, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, &c.—will be welcomed and carefully acknowledged. Address :—-Mr. J. W. TAYLOR, Office of the Fourmal of Con- _ chology, Sovereign Street, Leeds. Ri aby y e..