77

//X

Ji

JOURNAL

OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTOR
SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM

OCTOBER 1984

o

No. 181

i „

CHECKLIST OF THE SPECIES OF TERMITES (ISOPTERA)
RECORDED FROM EAST AFRICA

K. Wanyonyi*, J.P.E.C. Darlington + , and R.K.N. BagineT-

International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology,

P.O. Box 30772 , Nairobi, Kenya.

INTRODUCTION

This checklist is based on one originally prepared by Kisito Wanyonyi during a period of
training in Switzerland and Britain. It was apparently intended to form part of a thesis or hand-
book which he never completed. After his death in 1975 the list was used for reference by mem-
bers of the Termite Research Programme at I.C.I.P.E.. This programme finally closed down in
1982.

In 1983 the termite collection of the National Museums of Kenya was reorganised and
catalogued. It seemed an opportune moment to revise and update the checklist, and to publish it.
The revision was carried out by J.P.E.C. Darlington, formerly of I.C.I.P.E., and R.K.N. Bagine of
the National Museums of Kenya.

The list includes 1 77 species, of which two are recent introductions. Of the 32 species recorded
only from Uganda, most probably belong to the fauna of the West African savannas, or are relicts
of the Congo Forest which was formerly more extensive. The remaining 143 species comprise the
East African fauna proper which is continuous with that of Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan to the
North, and of Malawi, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to the South. The actual distribution of
species is closely linked to vegetation zones (Bouillon 1970).

This list is not definitive but merely a statement of the status quo. The taxonomy and
distribution of East African termites are incompletely known, especially in the un-revised taxa,
and future work will certainly lead to changes in the list, both by the addition of newly-described
species and by the suppression of species names which are found to be synonymous.

The known distribution of each species in East Africa is coded in the list as follows: U =
Uganda, K = Kenya, T = Tanzania, mainland only, Z = Zanzibar Island (Tanzania).

SOURCES

In revising the list the following published sources have been used: Snyder (1949) for all
groups that have not subsequently been revised; Harris (1966a) for the genus Coptotermes; Sands
(1972) for the subfamily Apicotermitinae; Sands (1959) for the genus Amitermes ; Williams (1966)
for the genus Cubitermes\ Ruelle (1 970), 1977) for the genus Macrotermes\ Harris (1966b) for the
genus Ancistrotermes-, and Sands (1957) for the subfamily Nasutitermitinae, eastern .group only.
The “Catalogue ethiopien” of Bouillon and Mathot (1965, 1966) was also consulted. Additional
distribution records from Harris (1951) and Kemp (1955) have been included. The layout of the
checklist follows Snyder (1 949) except in the family Termitidae in which the revised arrangement
of Sands (1972) is used.

Distribution records derived from the published sources mentioned above are quoted in the list
without a subscript. Records derived solely from unpublished sources are indicated by a subscript,
as follows:

* Deceased

■f Present address: Section of Entomology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658,
Nairobi.

Page 2

No. 181

1. Wanyonyi’s original list dated 1972. This was compiled from two main sources:

a) Unpublished catalogue and notes of Dr. E. Ernst of the Schweizerisches Tropeninstitut,
Basle, Switzerland.

b) Records of the Termite Research Unit, Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London. This
included unpublished collection data of W.A. Sands and R.M.C. Williams; and a
catalogue, updated by R.W. Lamb, of the termite collection housed in the Entomology
Department, British Museum (Natural History).

2. A termite collection donated to the National Museums of Kenya by W. Wilkinson of the
East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organisation, Muguga, Kenya.

3. Termites collected by J.P.E.C. Darlington, D.E. Pomeroy, K. arap Rotich, R.K.N. Bagine
and others, most of which were identified by S. Bacchus of the C.O.P.R. Termite Research
Unit, London. The material is housed partly in the National Museums of Kenya and partly in
the British Museum (Natural History).

4. An unpublished thesis by Buxton (1979) whose identifications were checked by W.A.
Sands and R.M.C. Williams and whose material is deposited at the British Museum (Natural
History) in London.

FAMILY KALOTERMITIDAE
Subfamily Kalotermitinae

Genus Epicalotermes Silvestri, 1918
E. aethiopicus Silvestri, 1918
E. kempae (Wilkinson, 1954)

E. mkuzii (Coaton, 1949)

Genus Neotermes Holmgren, 1911
N. aridus Wilkinson, 1959
N. cryptops (Sjbstedt, 1 900a)

N. firm us (Sjostedt, 1911a)

N. meruensis (Sjbstedt, 1 907a)

Genus Bijiditermes Krishna, 1961

B. angulatus (Wilkinson, 1959)

B. durbanensis Haviland, 1898
B. jeannelanus (Sjbstedt, 1915)

B. sibayensis (Coaton, 1 949)

B. sylvaticus (Wilkinson, 1959)

Genus Cryptotermes Banks, 1 906

C. dudleyi Banks, 1918 (introduced)
C. havilandi (Sjbstedt, 1 900b)

Genus Glyptotermes Froggatt, 1 896
G. ignotus Wilkinson, 1959
G. kawandae Wilkinson, 1954
G. parki Krishna & Emerson, 1962
G. parvulus (Sjbstedt, 1 907b)

G. reticulatus Wilkinson, 1954
G. uelensis Coaton, 1 955

Ki

K'2, 4 T

T

K

Ui T

K

K T

T

K 2 T

U K T

T i

U K

T

U K T

U

u

u

u

Genus Bicornitermes Krishna, 1961

B. bicornis Krishna, 1961 Ui

B. spinicollis (Wilkinson, 1958) T

ERRATA

page 4 line 30

”M. sp.” add "near notandus Silvestri 1914-15”
page 5 line 6

”genus Ceratotermes Silvestri 1914-15” delete and substitute
”genus Foraminitermes Holmgren 1912”

page 5 line 7

__”C. rhinoceros (Sjdstedt, 1905) U T” correct to read

f- "£• rhinoceros (Sjdstedt, 1905) U T”

These changes are made to conform with the synonymy established by
KRISHNA K., 1963. The African genus Foraminitermes Holmgren (Isoptera,
Termitidae, Termitinae) . American Museum Novi tates 2161: 1-23.

*'

FAMILY HODOTERMITIDAE

Subfamily Hodotermitinae

Genus Hodotermes Hagen, 1853

H. mossambicus (Hagen, 1853) U K3

FAMILY RHINOTERMITIDAE

Subfamily Coptotermitinae

Genus Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896
C. amanii (Sjostedt 1911b)

C. formosanus Shiraki, 1 909 (introduced) U K2

C. sjostedti Holmgren, 1911

Subfamily Rhinotermitinae

Genus Schedorhinotermes Silvestri, 1 909

S. lamanianus (Sjostedt, 1911c) U K

S. putorius (Sjostedt 1 896) U

FAMILY TERMITIDAE
Subfamily Apicotermitinae

Genus Apicotermes Holmgren, 1912
A. holmgreni Emerson, 1956

Genus Astalotermes Sands, 1972
A. amicus Sands, 1972

A. hapalus Sands 1972 K

Genus Astratotermes Sands, 1972
A. apoenetus Sands, 1972
A. mansuetus Sands, 1972

Genus Alyscotermes Sands, 1972

A. kilimandjaricus (Sjostedt, 1907a) U

A. trestus Sands, 1972

Genus Ateuchotermes Sands, 1972
A. pectinatus Sands, 1972
A. rastratus Sands, 1972

Genus Anenteotermes Sands, 1972
A. disluctans Sands, 1972
A. improelatans Sands, 1972

Genus Aderitotermes Sands, 1972
A. fossor Sands, 1972

Genus Adaiphrotermes Sands, 1972
A. choanensis (Fuller, 1925)

U
U

K

U K

K4

^7; * 7* 7> 7\

Page 4

No. 181

Subfamily Termitinae

Genus Amitermes Silvestri, 1901
A. acinacifer Sands, 1959

A. evuncifer Silvestri, 1912a U

A. hastatus (Haviland, 1898)

A. lonnbergianus (Sjostedt, 191 Id)

A. messinae Fuller, 1922

A. sciangallorum Ghidini, 1941

A. somaliensis Sjostedt, 1927

A. spinifer Silvestri, 1914-15 U

A. stephensoni Harris, 1957

A. truncatidens Sands, 1959

A. unidentatus (Wasmann, 1897) U

Genus Microcerotermes Silvestri, 1 90 1

M. brachygnathus Silvestri, 1914-15
M. edentatus Wasmann, 1911 U

M. masaiaticus Harris, 1954
M. nemoralis Harris, 1954
M. parvulus (Sjostedt, 1911c)

M. parvus (Haviland, 1898) U

M. zuluensis Holmgren, 1913a

Genus Crenetermes Silvestri, 1912a
C. albotarsalis (Sjostedt, 1897)

C. mixtus Williams, 1962

Genus Euchilotermes Silvestri, 1914-15
E. umbraticola (Williams, 1954)

Genus Op hiotermes Sjostedt, 1924a

O. ugandensis Sjostedt, 1925 U

Genus Megagnathotermes Silvestri 1914-15
M. sp.

Genus Cubitermes Wasmann, 1906
C. falcifer Williams, 1966
C. fulvus Williams, 1 966
C. glebae (Sjostedt, 1913)

C. inclitus Silvestri, 1912b U

C. latens Williams, 1 966
C. montanus Williams, 1966
C. muneris (Sjostedt, 1913)

C. oblectatus Harris, 1958

C. orthognathus (Emerson, 1928) U

C. pallidiceps (Sjostedt, 1913)

C. sankurensis Wasmann, 1911

C. speciosus Sjostedt, 1924a U

C. tenuiceps (Sjostedt, 1913)

C. testaceus Williams, 1966 U

C. ugandensis Fuller, 1923 U

C. umbratus Williams, 1 954
C. zavattarii Ghidini, 1937

Genus Lepidotermes Sjostedt, 1924b
L. goliathi (Williams, 1954)

L. planifacies (Williams, 1954)

K

K

T

K T

K T Z

Ka T

K

K T

K.

T

K T Z

T

T

K T

T
T

K4 T

T Z

T

K T

K T

K 3

T

T

K T

K T

T
T

K T

T

K T

T
T

T

K

K T

K T

K T

T

T

>

No. 181

Page 5

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Genus

Noditermes Sjostedt, 1924a
N. wasambaricus Williams, 1 954 K

Basidentitermes Holmgren, 1912

B. amicus Harris, 1936

B aurivillii (Sjostedt, 1897) U

Ceratotermes Silvestri, 1914-15

C. rhinoceros (Sjostedt, 1 905) U

Angulitermes Sjostedt, 1924a
A. truncatus Sjostedt, 1926a U K

Promirotermes Silvestri, 1914-15
P. bellicosi (Wasmann, 1912) K4

P. gracilipes Schmitz, 1917 U K

P. massaicus (Sjostedt, 1 907a) K4

Pericapritermes Silvestri, 1914-15
P. dumicola Harris, 1 954
P. gloveri Harris, 1951

Subfamily Macrotermitinae

Acanthotermes Sjostedt, 1898
A. acanthothorax (Sjostedt, 1898)

Pseudacanthotermes Sjostedt, 1924a
P. grandiceps (Sjostedt, 1915)

P. militaris (Hagen, 1 858)

P. piceus (Sjostedt, 1911a)

P. spiniger (Sjostedt, 1 900a)

Synacathotermes Holmgren, 1910
S. zanzibarensis (Sjostedt, 1915)

Allodontermes Silvestri, 1914
A. morogorensis Harris, 1936

Macrotermes Holmgren, 1 909
M. bellicosus (Smeathman, 1781)

M. falciger (Gerstacker, 1891)

M. herus (Sjostedt, 1914a)

M. michaelseni (Sjostedt, 1914a)

M. subhyalinus (Rambur, 1842)

M. ukuzii (Fuller, 1922)

M. vitrialatus (Sjostedt, 1 899)

Odontotermes Holmgren, 1912
O. amanicus Sjostedt, 1925
O. amaniensis (Sjostedt, 1924b)

O. anceps (Sjostedt, 191 le)

O. a polio (Sjostedt, 1905)

O. aurora (Sjostedt, 1904)

O. badius (Haviland, 1 898)

O. boranicus (Ghidini, 1937)

O. caffrariae (Sjostedt, 1897)

O. culturarum Sjostedt, 1924c

U

K2

U K

U

U K2

K

U K

U K

K

K3

U K

K.i

U K

K

U Ka

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T 1
T

T.

T Z

Page 6

No. 181

O. egregius Sjostedt, 1925
O. elgonensis (Sjostedt, 1925)

O. fallax Sjostedt, 1 924c
O. fulleri (Emerson, 1928)

O. kibarensis (Fuller, 1923)

0. latericius (Haviland, 1898)

O. mediocris (Sjostedt, 191 le)

0. microps (Sjostedt, 1899)

O. monodon (Gerstacker, 1891)

O. montanus Harris, 1 960
O. nolaensis Sjostedt, 1924c
O. palmquisti (Sjostedt, 1 907a)

O. patruus (Sjostedt, 1913)

O. ramulosus (Sjostedt, 1 904)

O. rectanguloides Sjostedt, 1924c
O. stercorivorus (Sjostedt, 1 907a)
O. tanganicus Sjostedt, 1924c
O. terricola (Sjostedt, 1 902a)

O. transvaalensis (Sjostedt, 1 902b
O. zambesiensis (Sjostedt, 1914b)

Genus A ncistrotermes Silvestri, 1914-15
A. cavithorax (Sjostedt, 1899)

A. equatorius (Harris, 1966b)

A. latinotus (Holmgren, 1912)

A. microdens (Harris, 1966b)

Genus Microtermes Wasmann, 1902
M. alluaudanus (Sjostedt, 1915)

M. kasaiensis (Sjostedt, 1913)

M. luteus (Harris, 1954)

M. magnocellus (Sjostedt, 1915)

M. redenianus (Sjostedt, 1904)

M. usambaricus Sjostedt, 1926b
M. vadschaggae (Sjostedt, 1907a)

K

K

K

U Ks

U Ks

U

K

U K

K

U K.3

K

Ui Ki

U K.

K.3

K

K

U

K.3,4

u

u

U K

U K

K

U. Ki
K2

K4

Subfamily Nasutitermitinae

Genus Nasutitermes Dudley, 1 890

N. arboreus (Smeathman, 1781) U

N. chapini Emerson, 1928 U

N. elegantulus (Sjostedt, 1911b) Ui

N. fulleri Emerson, 1928 U

N. incurvus (Sjostedt, 1924b) U

N. infuscatus (Sjostedt, 1902c) K

N. kempae Harris, 1954 K

N. latifrons (Sjostedt, 1896) U

N. maculiventris (Sjostedt, 1904) U

N. schoutedeni (Sjostedt, 1924b) U

N. torquatus (Sjostedt, 1 924c) U

Genus Rhadinotermes Sands, 1965a
R. coarctatus (Sjostedt, 1902b)

Genus Grallatotermes Holmgren, 1912

G. africanus Harris, 1954 K

Genus Trinervitermes Holmgren, 1912

T. auriterrae Sjostedt, 1926c U

T
T
T 2
T
T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T.

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Z

Z.

N N

No. 181

Page 7

T. bettonianus (Sjostedt 1905)

U

K

T

T. carbonarius Sjostedt, 1926d

U

T. dispar (Sjostedt 1902d)

U

K

T

T. ebenerianus Sjostedt 1926e

u

T. geminatus (Wasmann, 1897)

u

T. gratiosus (Sjostedt 1924b)

u

K

T

T. lutzi (Emerson, 1928)

u

T. occidentalis (Sjostedt 1904)

u

T. oeconomus (Tragardh, 1904)

u

T. rapulum (Sjostedt 1904)

T

T. ruficeps (Holmgren, 1913a)

T

T. segelli (Sjostedt 1907a)

T

T. togoensis (Sjostedt 1899)

u

T. trinervius (Rambur, 1 842)

u

Genus Mimeutermes Silvestri, 1914-15

M. binghami Sands, 1968 K

M. majusculus Sands, 1965b T

Z

Z

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are grateful for the help of K.M. Shepherd of the Tropical Development and
Research Institute (formerly Centre for Overseas Pest Research), London, for help in tracing some
of the references.

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1899. Neue afrikanische Termiten (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Ent. Nachr. 25:34-39.

1900a. Vorlaufige Diagnosen einiger afrikanischen Termiten. Ent. Tidskr. 20:278.

1900b. Monographic der Termiten Afrikas. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 34:1-236.

1902a. Termites novos ex Africa Reportatos. Ent.Tidskr. 23:40.

1902b. Eine neue termite aus kamerun. Ent. Tidskr. 23:252.

1902c. Neue afrikanische Termiten. Ent. Tidskr. 23:302-304.

1904. Monographic der Termiten Afrikas. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 38:1-120.

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— 1911b. Neue afrikanische Termiten im Schwedischen Reichsmuseum. Ark. Zool. 7:1-18.

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Soc. Lond. 118:73-118.

Received 5 January 1984
Editors: J.J. Hebrard, D. Widdowson

No. 181

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