ENT ASBY HARVARD UNIVERSITY ave aay Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology he Mez e LIBRARY : JUL 24 2012 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Race oe LIBRARY | AUG 15 2007. HARVARD % ~ ISSN 1713-7845 UNIVERSITY -_ 7 Volume One Hundred and Thirty-Seven 2006 | Published July 2007 JOURNAL of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY | of ONTARIO — Volume One Hundred and Thirty-Seven 2006 Published July 2007 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2006-2007 President: Webmaster: B. HELSON D. B. LYONS Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen St E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 bhelson@nrcan.gce.ca President-Elect: R. HALLETT Dept. of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1 rhallett@uoguelph.ca Past President: J. HUBER Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service c/o Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 huberjh@agr.gc.ca Secretary: D. HUNT Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada G.P.C.R.C. 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON NOR 1G0 huntd@agr.gc.ca Treasurer: K. BARBER Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen St E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 kbarber@nrcan.ge.ca Librarian: J. BRETT Library, University of Guelph Guelph, ON NIG 2W1 Directors: D. CURRIE (2007-2009) Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario H. FRASER (2005-2007) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Vineland Resource Centre, P.O. Box 8000 4890 Victoria Avenue North Vineland, ON LOR 2E0 M. PICKLES (2005-2007) 3252 Garner Road, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6S4 J. SKEVINGTON (2007-2009) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 L. TIMMS (2006-2008) Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON MSS 3B3 S. VANLAERHOVEN (2006-2008) Dept. of Biology, University of Windsor Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen St E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 Student Representative: A. THIELMAN Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Newsletter Editor: J. ALLEN Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs 1 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON NIG 4Y2 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Scientific Editor: M. H. RICHARDS* Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 miriam.richards@brocku.ca Technical Editor: A. Rutgers-Kelly Layout Artist: A. Rutgers-Kelly Associate Editors: A. BENNETT Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON K1A 06C N. CARTER Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Vineland, ON LOR 2E0 R. HARMSEN Biology Department, Queen’s University Kingston, ON N7L 3N6 Y. MAUFFETTE Faculté des sciences, Département des sciences biologiques Université 4 Québec Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 J. SKEVINGTON Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 *Please submit manuscripts electronically to the Editor (miriam.richards@brocku.ca). ISSN 1713-7845 4 , a" q | | JOURNAL of the AUG 15 2007 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO =) VOLUME 137 ‘an 2006 It has been a pleasure for me to serve as Special Editor for the D. H. Pengelly tribute volumes, and to work with regular Editor Miriam Richards to line up a diverse assemblage of papers touching on the range of entomological disciplines influenced by Dave Pengelly (1922-2004). Dave was widely known, and is fondly remembered, as a fantastic teacher of entomology and as a huge contributor to the development of the University of Guelph Insect Collection; but he is also sorely missed as a seemingly infinite reservoir of entomological trivia, anecdotes, insightful stories, jokes, support, and wise advice. Almost all of the authors in these volumes were strongly influenced by Professor Pengelly, most shared his enthusiasm and passion for collecting and identifying insects, and many worked with Dave to build up the University of Guelph Insect Collection. Although now widely appreciated as a treasure trove of information about faunal change and insect distribution while also serving as the foundation for a growing body of taxonomic research, the University of Guelph Insect Collection during Pengelly’s tenure was a beleaguered resource used mostly as a source of specimens for a myriad of entomology courses including the hands-on third year entomology labs that Dave taught every weekday. It is a testimonial to his foresight that he not only kept the collection from deterioration or destruction due to invasions of dermestid beetles and indiscriminate colleagues, he consistently built up the collection and increased its curatorial level annually. He did not do this alone, of course. Professor Pengelly had a contagious vision of what was needed to improve our understanding of Ontario’s insects and his enthusiasm for the study of insect biology and diversity was such that he was alway: associated with dedicated students. Thousands of specimen labels in the insect collect: bear the names of most of the authors of papers in these volumes, standing as permane testimoniais to a shared vision that started with students working with their ment University of Gueiph, and which continues through the widely dispersed weiss: reseai and publications by Dave’s students and colleagues today. | think he wouid have liked thes: sets of papers, and he would have been pleased to see them published in the journa he supported so selfiessly ... almost every copy of this journa! sent out during the i6 yea! period “D.H.” was Secretary-Treasurer of the ESO was sent out by Dave personally. We wish he were still here to send this one out! Steve Marshall Special Editor - 2 } a & JESO Volume 137, 2006 IN MEMORIAM: DAVID HARVEY PENGELLY March 22, 1922 - October 31, 2004 The ancient Roman Naturalist Lucretius said: “No single thing abides but all must flow, Fragment to fragment clings, the things thus grow, Until we know and name them and by degrees they melt and are no more the things we know”. Knowing and naming insects was Dave’s life-long passion. This passion was manifest in his commitment to The Entomological Society of Ontario, to the science of Entomology, and to his teaching. Dave’s life of research and teaching involved his own take on the natural history of insects. His beginnings were with the megachilids, camping with Fran and their two young boys in the Bruce Peninsula among the Black Widow Spiders and Massassauga rattlers which are now much less abundant. Dave was Secretary Treasurer of the Society for as long as present members can remember. With his appointment, he became the curator of the university insect collection, which had its origins with the Entomological Society in the nineteenth century. He fathered the growth, preservation, housing, and display of one of the largest insect collections in Canadian universities. Few really knew what he accomplished unassisted. First and foremost for Dave was his teaching of Systematics and the Natural History of Insects. He had the heaviest teaching load in the department. His efforts and teaching abilities were recognized when he received the Outstanding Teacher Award. All his students held him in high regard and affection. Dave had a great sense of humor and was a great storyteller. Through the many stories he told, the origins and inspiration for Dave’s success as a teacher could be traced. De—mobbed from the air force, Dave became an undergraduate at the University of Alberta. Here Dave was immediately attracted to the great teacher and mentor, Professor E. Harold Strickland, himself a WW1 veteran who was the sole entomologist and head of department for many years. In remembering David Pengelly, we each relive the very best of university traditions ... the tradition of one generation inspiring and mentoring the next as companions in this great enterprise. This memorial issue of the journal is an eloquent example of this tradition. Stuart E. Dixon 7. tear 1 e ie & (=~! a) a al » iL ee ‘ e _— ‘ e : o- - 3 pettess (tes teed wks ttn ceri th aero au doin aovrrae rai \ Ring trot? 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A ier abi ae << spahandeavt ie var valicesedens baa taledl waaay eet ah RETO A. wh ol agtetre Ano to ard at whith Lite wechytabalid? sheoied leutiall to (or \«haowlok LEMONS.CwotgsttesN me | ote .comatel 2b yeanlad ST Masinsttot ih rest ht aonrreeg renitineh ie Ahisdastce, Egham pu Sistedapetctene 9 cee “arya, 6 wah Tih aire ar rele E Det OF 2 Bs AS ‘ ree ne DOLE A (GO ST om ie OT. i) anigeds sincere pin «rere ; ” : uy : phn aie! Prine le? mie OA a ra Plast nineiwel NYC hee thal, panes anak fo gS ONTG ee ednnnnieatt0 fe jE ALS Mon tee Dimes “ . yrs! fee WUE *“e7Q>e Oe anive to Va — mibaniind £20) te) On belie smayitn in stilgel urbe as eH 3 ai b2 yal asta we Spo Raniah te ‘Dane @ eee Pram petra ) Pwudhiait ovens) Cee 1 boow & Goalie Wei AUR fnrod | Feobrdel foc ailetolhs ei) Aout -eeperdy Seba a Pere ee hoe) ks Be Cl, sk ) Stee a ager tau pAl see Sot al ick Fit Hoda at Noe ; (oO noha aetoamt dep Comanoa Rt vi i apedaag a, = be Ph Aw —, fe sad hd duro: nes, Seo itll Te sence OF Wy » @ Redescription of Gnaphosa snohomish JESO Volume 137, 2006 REDESCRIPTION OF THE RARE GROUND SPIDER GNAPHOSA SNOHOMISH (ARANEAE: GNAPHOSIDAE), AN APPARENT BOG SPECIALIST ENDEMIC TO THE PUGET SOUND / GEORGIA BASIN AREA R. G. BENNETT’, S. M. FITZPATRICK?, J. T. TROUBRIDGE? British Columbia Ministry of Forests, 7380 Puckle Road, Saanichton, British Columbia, Canada V8M 1W4 | email: Robb.Bennett@gov.be.ca Abstract iy J. ent. Soc. Ont. 137: 13-23 Existing descriptions and illustrations do not allow easy identification of the gnaphosid ground spider Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick and Shadab (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). It is apparently a truly rare, bog—associated species endemic to the Puget Sound / Georgia Basin area. The species is redescribed and illustrated from a significant series of mature males and females collected in an abandoned cranberry bog in Burnaby, British Columbia. An existing key to Gnaphosa species is revised to incorporate newly identified diagnostic characters. Few other museum specimens of G. snohomish exist and the Burnaby population is the only substantial population known. However, that population may no longer exist as the site has been redeveloped as a commercial cranberry bog and apparently little suitable habitat for this species now exists in the area. Published July 2007 Introduction The gnaphosid ground spiders are a relatively well known group largely because Norman Platnick and colleagues (references in Platnick 2006) have published over 60 papers on gnaphosid taxonomy and systematics. With 1,975 species recognized in 116 genera (Platnick 2006), Gnaphosidae forms the seventh largest of the 111 currently accepted families within Araneae. The Holarctic genus Gnaphosa Latreille accounts for 135, or roughly 7% of these species. Most are Palaearctic in distribution; only 20 species occur in the Nearctic region (Ubick 2005). ' Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. * Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 6947 Highway 7, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada VOM 1A0 > Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA 0C6 13 Bennett et al. J ESO Volume 137, 2006 Except for a small minority of species, most of the Nearctic Gnaphosa are relatively widespread, fairly common species and specimens are often abundant in open or partially open habitats. Pitfall—collected samples from such habitats may produce significant numbers of Gnaphosa specimens (e.g. Bennett and Salomon unpublished data; Dondale and Redner 1994; Troubridge et al. 1998). Most notable among the uncommon species of Gnaphosa is G. snohomish Platnick and Shadab (Fig. 1) which was described on the basis of a single specimen of each sex; no other verified specimens were known to us prior to the work of Troubridge et al. (1998). This species appears to be a truly rare, bog specialist endemic to a small area of the Puget Sound / Georgia Basin area of northwestern Washington State and southwestern British Columbia. In 1998, as part of an arthropod study in cranberry bogs, two of us (JT and SF) initiated a pitfall trapping program in a former commercial bog (49°11°43”N, 122°58’35”W) in Burnaby, BC that had been abandoned for at least 15 years. The site, part of an area known locally as the “Marshlands,” is located on the north shore of the north arm of the Fraser River adjacent to the southwest corner of the intersection of Marine Drive and North Fraser Way. The Marshlands area, originally an extensive peat (Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. in Wils. and Hook. (Sphagnidae)) bog, was heavily developed for agricultural purposes during the 20" century. Traps at the site were checked weekly from mid May until early September. Among the spider specimens collected were 211 gnaphosids unidentifiable by us beyond “Gnaphosa sp.” Given that the Nearctic Gnaphosa species are well known (and that the spider fauna of the Puget Sound / Georgia Basin area has been reasonably well sampled), we considered it odd that we could not place these specimens. They seemed closest to G. snohomish and G. antipola Chamberlin but we could not reliably assign the specimens to either species. We sent a sample of males and females of the unidentified Gnaphosa species to the American Museum of Natural History for identification by N. Platnick. He determined that the spiders were specimens of G. snohomish and furthermore that the published descriptions and illustrations (Platnick and Shadab 1975; Platnick and Dondale 1992) of the single known specimen of each sex were flawed in ways that became apparent only through the examination of our specimen series (Platnick pers. comm.). Accurate identification of G. snohomish specimens is difficult using existing taxonomic literature. It is important that specimens be easily identified because this spider may be a good candidate for protection under federal endangered species legislation in both Canada and the United States. For these reasons a redescription of the species (including modifications to two couplets in the key to Gnaphosa species published in Platnick and Dondale (1992)) and a discussion of its apparently obligate association with peatlands in the Georgia Basin and Puget Sound area are presented here. Methods This work is based upon examination of 103 males, 49 females, and 59 juveniles collected in Burnaby, BC and a single male collected in Saanichton, BC. Specimens were examined and illustrated using a Zeiss dissecting microscope (illustrations of male structures 14 Redescription of Gnaphosa snohomish JESO Volume 137, 2006 eee VON BO, FIGURE 1. Guaphosa snohomish, male habitus, Burnaby, British Columbia, dorsal. Scale bar=1.0 mm. 15 Bennett et al. JESO Volume 137, 2006 and female epigynum, all measurements) or a Nikon phase contrast compound microscope (illustrations of cleared female genitalia). Measurements are expressed in mm and are presented as sample range (mean + standard deviation). Within the descriptive text, the following abbreviations are used: measurements: CL=carapace length, CW=carapace width, SL=sternum length, SW=sternum width. Acronyms of depositories: AMNH=American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York; DJB=private collection of D. J. Buckle, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; CNC=Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario; RBCM=Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia; UWBM=University of Washington, Burke Museum, Seattle, Washington. Modified key to species. Platnick and Dondale (1992: 170, Fig. 256 and key couplet 8(7)) described and figured the embolus of G. snohomish as enlarged basally and then gradually narrowing distally. In reality, the embolus narrows abruptly distal to the enlarged base (this paper, Figs. 2, 4, 5). A corrected version of couplet 8 is presented below. Female key couplets in Platnick and Dondale (1992) are generally sufficient for identifying G. snohomish; couplet 16 is slightly reworded below for clarity. 8(7) | Embolus with variably sized spine on distal margin of embolus base (this paper, yt a) ee a ME ae G. snohomish Platnick and Shadab ~ Embolus lacking spine on distal margin of embolus base (Platnick and Dondale 1992, Figs: 260): .-.cfidaleaepy ieee cteka lis SMa erates inintinogasieesies G. antipola Chamberlin 16 (14) Spermathecal head short and slender (Platnick and Dondale 1992, Fig. 255) .......... ee nn ae Mon! (USS Se G. clara (Keyserling) — Spermathecal head longer, usually stouter (this paper, Figs. 8, 9; Platnick and Dondalé 1992, Figss"Z59, 263, DO 7). Bip ati can ma ccgtesicodsnaswcensesnnancteeeaeeee 17 Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick and Shadab (Figs. 1-9) Gnaphosa snohomish Platnick and Shadab, 1975: 52, Figs. 123-126; Crawford, 1988: 30; West et al., 1988: 84; Platnick and Dondale 1992: 170, Figs. 256-259; Bennett et al., 2006. Types. Male holotype (and female paratype) from Chase Lake (Edmonds, 47°47°51°N, 122°20°48”"W), Snohomish County, Washington, USA; collected April 1957 (B. Malkin); in AMNH, not examined (vouchers from this study compared with holotype and paratype and identity confirmed by N. I. Platnick, AMNH). Diagnosis. Gnaphosa snohomish was placed within the /ugubris species group by Platnick and Shadab (1975) but, more probably, it is a member of the /ucifuga group (sensu Ovtsharenko et al. 1992): those Gnaphosa species possessing an embolus situated prolaterally on the genital bulb, denticles ventrally on the embolus base, and epigynum with divided lateral margins. Among such species, G. snohomish is only likely to be confused with G. antipola Chamberlin. It is distinguished from G. antipola by its possession of a single large spine (in addition to the denticles) ventrally on the embolus base (Figs. 4, 5) 16 Redescription of Gnaphosa snohomish JESO Volume 137, 2006 FIGURE 2-5. Gnaphosa snohomish, male palpal characters, Burnaby, BC. 2-—left palpus, genital bulb, ventral; 3—same, retrolateral; 4 & 5—bases of left emboli of two specimens showing variation in basal spine and denticles, prolateral. Scale bars=0.2 mm (Figs. 2, 3) and 0.1 mm (Figs. 4, 5). Unlabelled arrows indicate spine and denticles on embolus base. E=embolus, EB=embolus base, MA=median apophysis, RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis. 17 Bennett et al. JESO Volume 137, 2006 y —LE 4 ~ : “2 a c-~~ = a = a ee a = a ; FIGURE 6-9. Gnaphosa snohomish, female genitalic characters, Burnaby, BC. 6—epigynum, ventral; 7—cleared vulva, ventral; 8—-same, dorsal; 9—same, detail of Fig. 8 (spermathecal head), dorsal. Scale bars=0.1 mm (Figs. 6-8) and 0.05 mm (Fig. 9). CD=copulatory duct, EG=epigastric groove, EH=epigynal “hood,” FD=fertilization duct, LM=lateral margins of epigynum, P=simple spermathecal pores, PM=posterior margin of epigynum, S=epigynal “septum,” SB=spermathecal base, SH=spermathecal head. 18 Redescription of Gnaphosa snohomish JESO Volume 137, 2006 and by the relatively smaller epigynal “hood” (Figs. 6-8, also compare Platnick and Shadab 1975, Figs. 121 and 125). Description. A medium-sized, moderately dark species of Gnaphosa (Fig. 1) with little size difference between the sexes; see Platnick and Shadab (1975) and Ovtsharenko et al. (1992) respectively for descriptions of the genus (and, also, species characteristics not described below) and the /ucifuga species group. Male. N=20. Total length 7.44-9.92 (8.62 + 0.78). CL 2.75-4.09 (3.67 + 0.35), CW 2.05- 2.98 (2.72 + 0.25), SL 1.36-1.98 (1.81 + 0.15), SW 1.24-1.74 (1.57 + 0.12). Holotype total length 6.62, CL 2.85, CW 2.27 (Platnick and Shadab 1975). Retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3) simple, acuminate, about as long as palpal tibia; median apophysis (Figs. 2, 3) distally located on genital bulb, bifurcate, sickle-shaped in retrolateral view (Fig. 3); embolus (Figs. 2, 4, 5) originating proximally on genital bulb, enlarged basally, abruptly narrowed distally, with single, variably sized spine on distal edge of embolus base and variable series of denticles ventrally at beginning of narrowed part of embolus. Female. N=20. Total length 7.44-11.78 (9.70 + 1.24). CL 2.67-4.46 (3.73 + 0.43), CW 1.92-3.22 (2.67 + 0.33), SL 1.36-2.05 (1.82 + 0.18), SW 1.18-1.92 (1.59 + 0.17). Paratype total length 8.14, CL 3.10, SW 2.30 (Platnick and Shadab 1975). Epigynum (Fig. 6) with shallow “hood” anteriorly, paired lateral margins (heavily sclerotized posteriorly), and broad “septum” with medial longitudinal trough; copulatory ducts (Fig. 8) difficult to differentiate, apparently leading posteriorly from lateral epigynal margins then arching anteriorly along vulval midline to connect with spermathecal heads; spermathecal heads (Figs. 8, 9) directed towards lateral epigynal margins and bearing simple pores; broad duct connecting each spermathecal head and base; spermathecal bases (Figs. 7, 8) rounded with fertilization ducts exiting from posterior medial margins. Material examined (Fig. 10). CANADA, British Columbia: Burnaby “Marshlands”, SW of Marine Dr. & North Fraser Way, 49°11’43”N, 122°58°35”W, all by J. Troubridge and deposited variously among AMNH, CNC, and RBCM, 21 May 1998, 180, 52, 29 May 1998, 194, 122, 7 juv., 5 June 1998, 164, 69, 12 juv., 28 June 1998, 94, 59, 15 juv., 8 July 1998, 124, 82, 21 juv., 5 September 1998, 29, 139, 4 juv.; Island View Beach, Saanichton, BC, 48°34’57”N, 123°22’19”W, RGB, 26 May—29 June 2003, 3, RBCM. Other material (Fig. 10). CANADA, British Columbia: Haney, UBC Research Forest, Maple Ridge, ~49°17°48”N, 122°34’37”W, ~360 m, 20 June 1968, 2°, DJB, 30 June 1968, 9, 3S, DJB. UNITED STATES, Washington: Clallam Co., Pat’s Prairie, 47°59’ N, 123°13° W, 815 m, R. Crawford, 16 May 1992, 7, UWBM; Grays Harbor Co., Carlisle Bog, 47°08’ N, 124°05’W, 27 m, R. Crawford, 30 May 1992, 39, 3 juv., UWBM; King Co., Kings Lake Bog, 47°35’ N, 121°46’W, 293 m, R. E. Nelson, 21 July 1981, 22, 1 juv., UWBM; Skagit Co., Big Lake Bog, 48°20’N, 122°11’W, 128 m, R. Crawford, 9 October 1994, En2Z®, 4 juv., UWBM; Thurston Co., marsh on Green Cove Creek, 47°04’N, 122°57°W, 43 m, September—December 1992, 3, UWBM. 19 Bennett et al. JESO Volume 137, 2006 Discussion Collection records suggest a one year life cycle with overwintering of sub—adults and maturation beginning late the following spring. Gnaphosa snohomish is probably endemic to the Puget Sound / Georgia Basin region where it is known only from nine localities: six in northwestern Washington (the type locality as well as five other sites around or near Puget Sound (R. L. Crawford pers. comm.)) and three in southwestern British Columbia (Bennett et al. 2006). West et al. (1988) listed Haney, BC as the locality for specimens of Gnaphosa “near snohomish” collected by D. Buckle and R. G. Holmberg. Buckle (pers. comm.) has confirmed these specimens to be “true” G. snohomish. All the collection sites feature substantial wetlands and at least seven of these are peat bogs. In British Columbia, the Burnaby collection is from an extensive historical peat bog site occurring near sea level along the north shore of the Fraser River estuary. The collection site was characterized by hummocks of peat and other mosses overlain with cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh (Ericaceae)), sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L. (Droseraceae)), rushes (Juncus spp. (Juncaceae)), and various grasses. A detailed listing FIGURE 10. Southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State: Gnaphosa snohomish collection localities. 20 Redescription of Gnaphosa snohomish JESO Volume 137, 2006 of the plants associated with the site is contained in Troubridge et al. (1998). The Haney UBC Research Forest contains at least one well-established floating peat bog (L. Marczak and J. McLean pers. comm.); a popular collecting site, it is likely that the Haney specimens came from this bog. Other peatland sites are known in the Georgia Basin area such as Bowser Bog (Bowser, Vancouver Island), Burns Bog (Richmond, also situated in the Fraser River estuary just south of the Burnaby site), and Yellow Point Bog (Ladysmith, Vancouver Island). These sites are well known to entomologists and, although we are aware of no intensive sampling specifically for spiders at these sites, no specimens of G. snohomish have been collected from them or from other wetlands (other than the Saanichton site) elsewhere in British Columbia. The single Saanichton male came from a site that was extensively sampled for spiders in 2003 and 2004 (Bennett and Salomon unpublished data), although lacking nearby peatlands, the site is adjacent to a well established Potentilla (Rosaceae) marshland. In Washington, all but one of the collections are from confirmed peatland sites (R. L. Crawford pers. comm.) in or near the Puget Sound area. The type locality is a small, low elevation floating bog in the heart of Edmonds and now completely surrounded by housing. Pats Prairie and Carlisle, Kings Lake, and Big Lake Bogs are sphagnum bogs occurring at a range of elevations from near sea level to over 800 m. No habitat details are available for the Green Cove Creek “marsh” site. Sampling of Washington peatland sites east of the Cascade Range (outside of the Puget Sound area) has produced no G. snohomish specimens (R. L. Crawford pers. comm.). The available collection data suggest that G. snohomish is a true tyrphobiont (an obligate peatland associate) with a very limited range. All but two of over 200 specimens were found in sphagnum bogs occurring as discrete and isolated habitat patches (as is typical of temperate peatlands (Spitzer and Danks 2006)) within the Puget Sound / Georgia Basin area and only at one of the bog sites (Burnaby) have significant numbers of specimens been noted. Tryphobiontic spider species are not well studied or numerous and, at least in Canada, appear to be dominated by linyphiids and lycosids (Dondale and Redner 1994). Only 9 probable tyrphobiontic species (all linyphiids and lycosids) were noted among 198 spiders recorded at 6 peatland sites in southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec (Dondale and Redner 1994). Although various species of gnaphosid genera, including Gnaphosa, can be common in bogs (e.g. see Blades and Marshall 1994; Dondale and Redner 1994; Platnick and Dondale 1992), members of the family are more typically associated with open, drier habitats (Ubick 2005). We are aware of no probable tyrphobiontic gnaphosid in North America other than G. snohomish. The Burnaby G. snohomish collection site has been extensively modified and reactivated as an operational commercial cranberry bog. A small (~9 ha) nature reserve is adjacent to the northeast corner of the cranberry bog but otherwise the area is dominated by agricultural and commercial development and heavy industry. The nature reserve is a damp site dominated by shrubby vegetation, especially birches (Betula sp. (Betulaceae)), scrubby pines (Pinus sp. (Pinaceae)), hardhack (Spiraea douglasii Hook. (Rosaceae)), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor Weihe and Nees (Rosaceae)), and fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae)). Although no further spider sampling has been undertaken in the immediate area, the nature reserve may be the only potential habitat remaining in the #1 Bennett et al. JESO Volume 137, 2006 immediate area available to support a population of G. snohomish. The current status of the species in the area is unknown and it may have been extirpated there. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Randy May for access to the Burnaby site (and for waiting until after the pitfall trapping was completed to convert the site to commercial cranberry production), to Norm Platnick and Don Buckle for confirming the identity of our and the Haney specimens respectively, to Pierre Paquin for discussion about bog specialist spiders, to Rod Crawford for supplying data on Washington State specimens and bog sites, to Laurie Marczak and John McLean for information on peatlands in the UBC Research Forest, to Malcolm Gray and Stephen Sutherland for providing the base map, and to an anonymous reviewer for excellent suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. This paper is affectionately dedicated to Gary Umphrey and, especially, the memory of Dave “D. H.” Pengelly: Gary first recognized Bennett’s arachnological interests and introduced him to “D. H.” For better or for worse, these two entomologists were responsible for setting Bennett on his meandering (but persistent) pursuit of taxonomic fulfillment. References Bennett, R. G., D. Blades, D. Buckle, C. D. Dondale, and R. C. West. 2006. The spiders of British Columbia. http://www.efauna.bc.ca/. Accessed | September 2006. Blades, D. C. A. and S. A. Marshall. 1994. Terrestrial arthropods of Canadian peatlands: Synopsis of pan trap collections at four southern Ontario peatlands. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 169: 221-284. Crawford, R. L. 1988. An annotated checklist of the spiders of Washington. Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 5:1-48. Dondale, C. D. and J. Redner. 1994. Spiders (Araneae) of six small peatlands in southern Ontario or southwestern Quebec. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 169: 33-40. Ovtsharenko, V. I., N. I. Platnick, and D. X. Song. 1992. 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Pestiferous and predatory arthropods on an abandoned cranberry farm in British Columbia. Poster presented at the Annual General Meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada (Quebec City, PQ, October 1998) and the North American Cranberry Research and Extension Workers Conference (Long Beach, WA, September 1999). Ubick, D. 2005. Gnaphosidae. pp. 106-111 Jn Spiders of North America: an identification manual. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, and V. Roth (eds.), American Arachnological Society. West, R. C., C. D. Dondale, and R. A. Ring. 1988. Additions to the revised checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 85: 77-86. 23 incon Hie. a oitih pemkalisici bial