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ENTOMOLOGICAL <% SOCIETY *. ot oe “ted : ONTARIO =; | mdamus 2011 r P P P & pm, i Wiggs, ee y J Volume One Hundred and Forty Two 2011 Published December 2011 ISSN 1713-7845 JOURNAL . ofthe ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY of _ ONTARIO Volume One Hundred and Forty Two 2011 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2010-2011 President: H. FRASER Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs 4890 Victoria Ave. North, P.O. Box 8000 Vineland, ON LOR 2E0 hannah. fraser@ontario.ca President-Elect: B. GILL Entomology Unit, Ontario Plant Laboratories, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Building 18 C.E.F. 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 bruce.gill@inspection.ge.ca Past-President: G. UMPHREY Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1 umphrey@uoguelph.ca Secretary: N. MCKENZIE Vista Centre, 1830 Bank Street, P.O. Box 83025 Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3 nicole_mckenzie@hc-sc.ge.ca Treasurer: S. LI Pest Management Centre, Building 57 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Dr.Shiyou.Li@nrcan.ge.ca Directors: R. BUITENHUIS (2011-2013) Vineland Research and Innovation Centre 4890 Victoria Ave. North, P.O. Box 4000 Vineland, ON LOR 2E0 rose. buitenhuis@vinelandresearch.com S. LACHANCE (2010-2012) Université de Guelph - Campus d’ Alfred 31 St. Paul Street, Alfred, ON KOB 1A0 Slachance@alfredc.uoguelph.ca S. KULLIK Department of Environmental Biology University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 sigrun.kullik@sympatico.ca J. MCNEIL Department of Biology, BGS 3066 University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 jmeneil2@uwo.ca K. RYALL (2009-2011) Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 krista.ryall@NRCan-RNCan.ge.ca (2009-2011) (2011-2013) I. SCOTT Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON NS5V 4T3 lan.Scott@agr.gc.ca ESO Regional Rep to ESC: H. DOUGLAS ; Canadian Food Inspection Agency 4 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON K1A 06C douglash@inspection.gc.ca Librarian: J. BRETT Library, University of Guelph Guelph, ON NIG 2W1 jimbrett@uoguelph.ca Newsletter Editor: A. GRADISH School of Environmental Science University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 4Y2 agradish@uoguelph.ca Student Representative: M. LOCKE Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Avenue, K.W. Neatby Building Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6 michelle.locke@agr.gc.ca Website: M. JACKSON School of Environmental Science University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 jackson@uoguelph.ca (2010-2012) JESO Editor: J. HUBER Canadian National Collection of Insects Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, ON,K1A 0C6 John.Huber@agr.gc.ca Technical Editor: J. VICKRUCK Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 jess.vickruck@brocku.ca Associate Editors: A. BENNETT Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON K1A 06C N. CARTER Engage Agro Corporation 1030 Gordon St., Guelph, ON, NIG 4X5 neilcarter@engageagro.com J. SKEVINGTON Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 FELLOWS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO W. W. BILL JUDD C. RON HARRIS GLENN WIGGINS BERNARD PHILOGENE FREEMAN MCEWEN nN = Oo ca JESO Volume 142,201] < LIBRZS,. JOURNAL RARY of the YAN 18 2919 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTA RVARD VOLUME 142 2011 lam honored to be the new Editor of JESO. It is a privilege to serve the Entomological Society of Ontario and its venerable scientific Journal in this way. I sincerely thank the previous Editor, Miriam Richards, for her good work over the past six years, in particular overseeing the transformation to electronic publishing. Since 2005 authors have received a free pdf version of their paper for electronic distribution, which I hope has increased the visibility of their work to their satisfaction. I have greatly depended upon the Associate Editors Andy Bennett, Neil Carter, Jeff Skevington, and the unofficial help of Cynthia Scott-Dupree and Kevin Barber. They found knowledgeable reviewers and sometimes reviewed manuscripts themselves. Their comments to the Editor were summarized in critical and constructive ways that made my work easier and improved the quality of manuscripts. Jess Vickruck, the new technical editor, has quickly and efficiently provided proofs and made changes as needed. Grateful thanks are extended to all of them for their excellent work and advice. Beginning next year page charges will be dropped in the hope that this will increase the number of manuscripts submitted. In 2012, pdfs will be posted as soon as proofs are finalized, as was done over the past few years, except for 2011 (this volume) while I was familiarizing myself with the editorial process. Ontario occupies about one million square kilometers of land and fresh water (10% of Canada). The province extends 1730 km north-south and 1680 km east-west, from the southernmost point in Canada (40°41°N, the latitude of Rome, Italy) to the Manitoba border at Hudson Bay (56°50’N, the latitude of London, UK). Its several ecozones, from the Hudson Bay lowlands to remnants of prairie and Carolinian forest, contain a multitude of terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Agriculture covers much of southern Ontario and about includes about 100 types of crop, from greenhouse plants to fruit trees. Given this natural and artificial diversity, there is endless opportunity for entomologists to research and publish on Ontario insects. JESO is an admirable vehicle for these publications, emphasizing but by no means restricted to the Ontario fauna. Plenty of alien species have also unwittingly or deliberately been introduced into the province or have arrived on their own, and they keep coming. Several of the articles in this Volume treat alien species recently found in Ontario or likely soon to establish residence here. Alien insects, wanted or not, arriving in Ontario present yet another opportunity and reason to publish in JESO. John T. Huber Editor = “4G 6 at ry ® i 4 > { * % i wrleabh! Bat CAPO. vs iyiei rere 4 5) 6.9648 i& 4 xT Y . | Agr] cca] “ae sco oot i ea apts Hieluperodied aikenenon gs : Lommel gli tai as Athena ti tc onus , 1 deve boc vat er PE RHE I = zi deg nigtle V0 suet © (wf are ee ie A " eee iad suntecl sii veer d a i i? Wy t ay (RETO? gigiliy's Di. 9? 3 lé f . ’ Hoi v7! ‘foie ire DOR OITS fi way mee 1% a ye nae ‘6 oor Awe vedi ae sf? LatisTi ¢ OV Ee vertigo’ iy , y teat! 5s a) eT ethid TH Me oi kebnaland rv, ie hae eee eS Ba) a aimee akan © we? TO hire dtPesatinaht afl oft 31 J 10D mn as’, “es? frie ae ithe y eR as fuel eater A HEROS cat ee adicy eg ee (aban 16. 4 ) tale.) oy vita nanepron ar f A TiROAPy vat El nowted th aa sp be atnmoreo: oF ebaalerot yo i SAA vaokiod Slawiggn Gee od ot); Got owe we OL ieee ge ae a mon srad) viene cil ieee J) otorde s SRT TA SES, tie netye CATT EY ah gus pore yet t i brenad ae Sco many sala east ped a sory coi wo lt Eg eae waht recap ibe ¥ Ok 5 ou dalday ol eoresr bre yritat ~ Toe eX TOMGULAOICALSDOITS 47 * ab at, j 7. , a ) x" Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus —JESO Volume 142, 2011 EFFECT OF HARVEST ON EUPHORINE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITISM OF LYGUS LINEOLARIS AND ADELPHOCORIS LINEOLATUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN ALFALFA P. G. MASON', H. GOULET AND N. BOSTANIAN? Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6 email: peter.mason@agr.gc.ca Abstract Jxent. Soc:/Ont, 142:3210 Effective biological control of Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus depends on the availability of appropriate host stages to sustain populations of euphorine parasitoids which are important in reducing pest populations. In Quebec alfalfa, crops are cut 2-4 times during the summer season, yet how this affects the host and parasitoid populations is poorly understood. A 3-year study conducted from 2000-2002 in southern Quebec demonstrated that overall, abundance of susceptible host stages (N2+N3) in cut alfalfa were less than half of those collected in uncut alfalfa, even after 4-5 weeks when the cut crop reached the same height as the uncut crop. Parasitism levels of N4+N5 nymphs in the cut crop were usually less than those in the uncut crop, although on several sampling dates the reverse was observed. Numbers of adult L. lineolaris and A. lineolatus were always lower immediately after harvest in the cut crop but numbers increased in the following weeks to equal those collected in the uncut crop. These results suggest that periodic harvest of alfalfa reduces available host stages for parasitism and subsequent levels of parasitism but does not cause elimination of parasitoid populations. Furthermore, dispersing adults likely contributed to an increase in abundance of susceptible host stages after habitat modification, thereby sustaining parasitoid populations. Published December 2011 Introduction Effective biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) depends on the availability of appropriate ‘Author to-whom all correspondence should be addressed. ?Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de recherche, 430 boulevard Gouin, Saint- Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada J3B 3E6 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Mason et al, JESO Volume 142, 2011 host stages to sustain populations of euphorine parasitoids such as native species of the Peristenus mellipes complex and the introduced Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Day 2005), Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L, (Fabaceae), is an important reservoir for Lygus spp, and its euphorine parasitoids (Mueller et al, 2005; Seymour et al, 2005; Pickett et al, 2009), and management of alfalfa, as a main crop or as a trap crop, influences pest numbers in adjacent crops such as cotton and strawberries (Godfrey and Leigh 1994; Pansa and Tavella 2009; Pickett et al, 2007, 2009), In alfalfa, crops are typically cut 2-4 times during the summer season, Although cutting may or may not result in mass migration of Lygus to adjacent crops (Poston and Pedigo 1975; Stolz and McNeal 1982; Carcamo et al, 2003; Demirel and Cranshaw 2006), how cutting affects the natural enemy populations is poorly understood, The effects of cutting alfalfa on host and predator populations have been - studied (Rakickas and Watson 1974; Schaber et al, 1990; Godfrey and Leigh 1994) but no study was found that documents the effects of cutting on parasitoid populations, This study compared populations of L, /ineolaris and A, lineolatus in cut and uncut alfalfa to determine the effect of harvest on the availability of susceptible host stages for parasitism and levels of parasitism in a managed crop system, Materials and Methods A 3-year study was conducted trom 2000-2002 in southern Quebec at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm near Sainte-Clotilde-de-Chateauguay (45, 15°N 73.67°W), In each year, weekly samples consisting of 200 180°-are sweeps were taken from a 2-ha field beginning in early May (2001 and 2002) or mid June (2000) until first frost in late September, At first harvest, the first or second week of June, half of the field was cut and the other half was left as uncut, Samples were taken from cut and uncut parts until the next harvest at which time the previously uncut portion was cut and the treatments reversed, Each half of the field was cut twice during the season, Each sample was aspirated into plastic vials using a Hausherr’s Machine Works” power aspirator, labeled, and placed in a cooler, In the laboratory, for each sample, species and nymphal instars (NI-NS5) were documented and parasitism levels determined by dissecting individuals of each instar, Due to manpower limitations, rearing of sub-samples of parasitized hosts were not done, however, a parallel study (Goulet and Mason 2006) conducted during the same years provided information on the euphorine parasitoid species present. Analysis of variance using PROC GLM and LSD means comparisons were performed using the SAS statistical package (SAS 2008), Comparisons were made within each year and among years of mean weekly counts and mean parasitism of L, /ineolaris and A. /ineolatus populations in cut and uncut portions of the field, Data were normalized by using the log (x+1) transformation for plant bug counts and the square root of percent parasitism values, Results and Discussion For L. /ineolaris, mean numbers per week did not differ between cut and uncut alfalfa in 2000, although values in cut alfalfa were lower, but did differ in 2001 and 2002 Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus JESO Volume 142, 2011 TABLE 1. Mean number per week (+SE) of N2+N3, N4+NS, and adult Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus, and mean % parasitism (+SE) of N4+N5 in cut and uncut alfalfa near Sainte-Clotilde-de-Chateauguay, QC in 2000, 2001, and 2002. 2000 2001 2002 uncut cut uncut cut uncut cut Lygus lineolaris N2+N3 ZR -O) "3:60054) S17 O47) 453.2) 20.5 (6.6) 1.4 (0.8) N4+N5 ASA (11-6) 22:9(6.1) 91.3 G6.7) 23:7 (43,5)..87.1 (36.3) 9.8(G.3) Adult 72.7 (24.5) 29.6 (8.7) 83.9(19.0) 34.7(17.1) 49.4 (16.0) 22.8 (8.3) % parasitism of N4+NS5 22.7 (5.7) 15.5 (5.7) 22.5(5.2) 20.2(9.1) 22.4(8.4) 29.3 (19.2) Adelphocoris lineolatus N2+N3 AAS) ee) «= 2). -0.840:4), 72(1.9) . -4.3592:5) N4+N5 Seer hy ley Our) VE2S.4). 13:7 Ga = 282 (728)... 46.147.7) Adult 19{3:6)' SQA) 33.164) NSGd) 28491) 9668) % parasitism of N4+N5 3.6(2.3) 1.7(1.4) 10.5 (6.6) 12(0.8) 6.9(2.0) 10.5 (9.0) (Table 1). In both 2001 and 2002 significantly more N2+N3 (2001—F , ,..=5.88, P=0.0223; 2002—F ,, y= 12.16, P=0.0014) and adults (2001—F , ,,=8.54, P=0.0069: 2002—F, ag ee P=0.0415) occurred in the uncut alfalfa compared to the cut alfalfa. Overall, mean numbers of N2+N3, N4+N5, and adults did not differ significantly among years in the uncut and cut alfalfa, except numbers of N4+N5 were significantly higher (F,, ,.=3.51, P=0.0396) in the cut alfalfa in 2000 compared to 2002 (Table 1). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in parasitism (N4+NS) of L. dineolaris between cut and uncut alfalfa in each year and among years for either cut or uncut alfalfa (Table 1). For A. lineolatus, mean numbers per week did not differ significantly between cut and uncut alfalfa in 2000 but did differ in 2001 and 2002 (Table 1). In 2001 mean numbers of adults were significantly higher in the cut alfalfa compared to the uncut alfalfa (F., 375-85, P=0.0207) and in 2002 numbers of N2+N3 were significantly higher in the uncut than cut alfalfa (F,, ,.=5.88, P=0.0223). Mean numbers of nymphs and adults were not significantly different among years, except N2+N3 numbers which were significantly lower in the uncut alfalfa (Foy tO P=0.0136) in 2001 compared to 2002 (Table 1). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in parasitism of N4+N5 between cut and uncut alfalfa in each year and among years for either cut or uncut alfalfa (Table 1). In all three years, for both L. lineolaris and A. lineolatus, numbers of susceptible host stages (N2+N3) collected weekly in cut alfalfa were less than half of those collected in uncut alfalfa, even after 4-5 weeks when the cut crop reached the same height as the uncut crop (Figures 1 and 2). This was anticipated since cutting destroys eggs and reduces the food source for nymphs, many of which die, and adults, which migrate out of the crop (Lim and Stewart 1976) leading to time delays as adults re-colonize and rebuild these cohorts. Numbers of adults were always lower immediately after harvest in the cut crop but numbers increased in the following weeks, in some cases to levels similar to (e.g., for L. /ineolaris, weeks 10 and 19 in 2000, week 11 in 2001 and week 19 in 2002; for A. lineolatus, week 19 in 2000, and week 11 in 2001) or higher (e.g., for L. Jineolaris, week 15 in 2000, week 15 in 2001, and week 14 in 2002; for A. lineolatus, week 10 in 2000, week 15 in 2001, and week 14 in 2002) than those in the uncut crop (Figures 1 and 2). 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SO Slt esc ee 1 z S 0 : ; 8 0 O—-O—-O0 80 WS A a ae ) 3 DN w o oz 0c oz oS ii os Qo. rd o ov — 0 lo) OOL - 09 ¥. ag 09 oO no Z apis V ool 2 Soe ase ° 2 snpy — & — SUNPy —4— } QsL a 08 — ino | eps ly SN+PN --O Oz 08 SN+PN --O- Rss] y EN+CN —e— it EN+CN ——e— oe OOL OOL 00g 5 eye 9 SIELIV IND BEY yNoUu/) aa) Mason et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 alfalfa is more attractive to pest species (L. hesperus Knight, L. lineolaris, L. rugulipennis Poppius) than are other crops and wildflower species in and around agro-ecosystems (Jackson 2003; Demirel et al. 2005; Mueller et al. 2005; Demirel and Cranshaw 2006; Pansa and Tavella 2009), so immigration from surrounding areas is expected. In contrast, parasitism of L. /ineolaris in traditionally managed alfalfa was lower than in weedy habitat (Lim and Stewart 1976). Thus, nearby weedy habitats may serve as refuges for parasitoids and generalist species such as L. /ineolaris, from which plant bug and parasitoid individuals re-invade the alfalfa crop. Although Day (2007) argued that the most accurate measure of parasitism is achieved by assessing the N4 stage (earlier stages can still be attacked and parasitoid larvae egress from the N5 stage), we assessed the N4+NS5 cohort because we concluded this better represented parasitism levels in our study. We consistently found parasitoid larvae in N5 hosts and believe that N5 hosts from which parasitoids had egressed would still be alive and show evidence of parasitoids (holes) allowing us to determine that they had been parasitized. In our study, parasitism levels of N4+NS5 nymphs in the cut crop were usually less than in the uncut crop, although on a very few sampling dates the reverse was observed (Figures | and 2). Collection of parasitized N4+NS5 nymphs in the cut crop suggests that harvest does not eliminate all individuals and more of this cohort survives than of the younger cohort (N2+N3). This may be due to the larger size of the N4+NS5 individuals or behavioural changes induced by the parasitoids. In other systems it has been shown that parasitized hosts move down the plant to avoid hyperparasitism or to seek pupation sites (see Brodeur and McNeil 1989, 1992; Pivnick 1993). Whatever the mechanism, the occurrence of parasitized nymphs in the cut alfalfa provides for a continuum of parasitoids. Our results are similar to the findings for plant bug predators. Godfrey and Leigh (1994) looked at the effects of cutting on populations of the predators Orius tristicolor (White), Geocoris pallens Stal, G. punctipes (Say), Nabis alternatus Parshley and N. americoferus (Carayon) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and found that all of these highly mobile species persisted in significantly higher numbers, as did those of the pest L. hesperus, in alfalfa strip-cut every 28 days compared to alfalfa entirely cut every 28 days. The significantly higher numbers of L. hesperus in the strip-cut alfalfa compared to the entire- cut crop suggests that strip-cut alfalfa will retain pest individuals whereas complete cutting will result in adult migration to other crops. The importance of parasitism, particularly by P. digoneutis, in reducing pest populations of L. /ineolaris has been documented by Day (2005). Goulet and Mason (2006) reported six euphorine parasitoids associated with L. /ineolaris and A. lineolatus from the study area. Among those associated with L. /ineolaris are the introduced bivoltine P. digoneutis, the native univoltine P. mellipes (Cresson) and P. pseudopallipes Loan, and the native bivoltine Leiophron lygivorus (Loan). Two species, P. dayi Goulet and P. rubricollis (Thomson), both of which are univoltine, are rarely associated with L. /ineolaris, their main host being A. /ineolatus. The proportion of P. digoneutis relative to L. lygivorus, P. mellipes, P. pseudopallipes, and P. dayi increased from <1% in 1998 to 62% in 2002 (Goulet and Mason 2006). Thus, management strategies that conserve hosts for parasitism will facilitate regulation of pest species populations and spread of biological control agents such as P. digoneutis, first released in northern New Jersey (Day et al. 1990) and now established in southern Quebec (Broadbent et al. 1999) and still dispersing. Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus JESO Volume 142, 2011 Conclusions These results suggest that periodic cutting of alfalfa reduces available host stages for parasitism and reduces levels of parasitism but does not eliminate parasitoid populations. Furthermore, dispersing adults likely speed up the increase in abundance of susceptible host stages after habitat modification, thereby sustaining parasitoid populations. Acknowledgements The technical assistance of Caroline Boudreault, Jake Miall, Mike Sarazin, Ana Maria Farmakis, Lynn Black and Ahmed Badiss is greatly appreciated. References Broadbent, A. B., Goulet, H., Whistlecraft, J. W., Lachance, S. and Mason, P. G. 1999. First Canadian record of three parasitoid species of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 130: 109-111. Brodeur, J. and McNeil, J. N. 1989. Seasonal microhabitat selection by an endoparasitoid through adaptive modification of host behavior. Science 244: 226-228. Brodeur, J. and McNeil, J. N. 1992. Host behavior modification by the endoparasitoid Aphidius nigripes; a strategy to reduce hyperparasitism. Ecological Entomology 17: 97-104. Carcamo, H. A., Otani, J., Gavloski, J., Dolinski, M. and Soroka, J. 2003. Abundance of Lygus spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) in canola adjacent to forage and seed alfalfa. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 100: 55-63. Day, W. H. 2005. Changes in abundance of native and introduced parasites (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and of the target and non-target plant bug species (Hemiptera: Miridae), during two classical biological control programs in alfalfa. Biological Control 33: 368-374. Day, W. H. 2007. Effect of host instar on measuring parasitism of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) nymphs by Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology 36: 1154-1158. Day, W. H., Hedlund, R. C., Saunders, L. B. and Coutinot, C. 1990. Establishment of Peristenus digonuetis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae), in the United States. Environmental Entomology 19:1528—1533. Demirel, N. and Cranshaw, W. 2006. Surveys of Lygus spp. and their movement on cultivated and non-cultivated habitats throughout growing season in Colorado. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 197—200. Demirel, N., Cranshaw, W. and Norton, A. 2005. Survey of Lygus spp. and an associated parasitoid, Leiophron uniformis (Gahan), in Colorado. Southwestern Entomologist 30: 9-15. Mason et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 Godfrey, L. D. and Leigh, T. F. 1994. Alfalfa harvest strategy effect on Lygus bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in insect predator population density: implications for use as a trap crop in cotton. Environmental Entomology 23: 1106-1118. Goulet, H. and Mason, P. G. 2006. Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini) Zootaxa 1323: 1-118. Jackson, C. G. 2003. Oviposition by Lygus hesperus and its egg parasitoid, Anaphes iole, in cotton, alfalfa, and wild mustard. Southwestern Entomologist 28: 167-176. Lim, K. P. and Stewart, R. K. 1976. Parasitism of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemipetra: Miridae), by Peristenus pallipes and P. pseudopallipes (Hymenoptera: Baconidae). The Canadian Entomologist 108: 601-608. Mueller, S. C., Summers, C. G. and Goodell, P. B. 2005. Composition of Lygus species found in selected agronomic crops and weeds in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Southwestern Entomologist 30: 121—127. Pansa, M. G. and Tavella, L. 2009. Alfalfa management affects infestations of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae) on strawberries in northwestern Italy. Crop Protection 28: 190-195. Pickett, C. H., Rodriguez, R., Brown, J., Coutinot, D., Hoelmer, K. A., Kuhlmann, U., Goulet, H., Schwartz, M. D. and Goodell, P. B. 2007. Establishment of Peristenus digoneutis and P. relictus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in California for the control of Lygus spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae). Biocontrol Science and Technology 17: 261-272. Pickett, C. H., Swezey, S. L., Nieto, D. J., Bryer, J. A., Erlandson, M., Goulet, H. and Schwartz, D. M. 2009. Colonization and establishment of Peristenus relictus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for control of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in strawberries on the California Central Coast. Biological Control 49: 27-37. Pivnick, K. A. 1993. Diapause initiation and pupation site selection of the braconid parasitoid Microplitis mediator: a case study of manipulation of host behaviour. The Canadian Entomologist 125: 825-830. Poston, F. L. and Pedigo, L. P. 1975. Migration of plant bugs and potato leafhopper in a soybean — alfalfa complex. Environmental Entomology 4: 8-10. Rakickas, R. J. and Watson, T. F. 1974. Population trends of Lygus spp. and selected predators in strip cut alfalfa. Environmental Entomology 3: 781—784. SAS. 2008. SAS Version 9.2, SAS Institute Incorporated, Cary, North Carolina. Schaber, B. D., Harper, A. M. and Entz, T. 1990. Effect of swathing alfalfa for hay on insect dispersal. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 2427-2433. Seymour, L. M., Mowry, T. M., Day, W. H. and Barbour, J. D. 2005. Parasitism of Lygus spp. nymphs by the parasitoid wasp, Peristenus howardi, in the alfalfa seed-growing region of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Insect Science 5: 44, available online: insectscience.org/5.44 Stoltz, R. L. and McNeal Jr., C. D. 1982. Assessment of insect emigration from alfalfa hay to bean fields. Environmental Entomology 11: 578-580. 10 New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011 a VONMIME. 192, 20 NEW RECORDS OF EUROPEAN WIREWORM PESTS AND OTHER CLICK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN CANADA AND USA H. DOUGLAS Entomology, Ottawa Plant Laboratories, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Building 18, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6 email: hume.douglas@inspection.gce.ca Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 11-17 The predatory wireworm Hemicrepidius niger (L.) is newly reported from North America (Canada: Ontario and New Brunswick). The agricultural pest species Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius) is newly recorded from North America (Canada: Ontario and USA: Massachusetts). New provincial and state records are reported for the Palaearctic agricultural pest species Agriotes lineatus (L.) (USA: Massachusetts and Canada: Prince Edward Island) and Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Canada: Prince Edward Island). New national, provincial or state records are listed for 14 native North American species. Published December 2011 Introduction North America is home to about 1000 described species of Elateridae (Johnson 2002), which include important invasive alien crop pests. Of nine species listed as introduced into USA (Johnson 2002) and Canada (Majka and Johnson 2008), six are known pests, namely: Agriotes lineatus (L.), the Lined Click Beetle (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008); A. obscurus (L.), the Dusky Wireworm (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008); A. sputator (L.) (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008); Conoderus amplicollis (Gyllenhal), the Gulf Wireworm (Stone 1975); C. falli (Lane), the Potato Wireworm (Dobrovsky 1953); and C. exsul Sharp, the Sugarcane Wireworm (Williams 1931). This work presents the discovery of two additional species of adventive Elateridae in North America, one of which can be considered a pest species, and new findings of established pest species in Massachusetts and Prince Edward Island. New provincial and state records are provided for 13 native species. Specimens are deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNCI), Ottawa, and other collections or with collectors, as indicated under each species. Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011 Results First records of new exotic species in North America Hemicrepidius niger (L.) In 2008 a single specimen of the Eurasian elaterid Hemicrepidius niger (L.) was collected from Claireville Conservation Area near Brampton Ontario, during the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s (CFIA) trapping survey for invasive alien pests. Confirmation of the identity of this specimen was made by S. Laplante and H. Mendel. Finding this species, a putative crop pest wireworm, in North America caused initial concern that it might become an agricultural pest. Subsequent fieldwork was conducted in June 2009 to assess the presence, abundance, and geographical extent of the population at the site. A collecting effort of 22 person-hours of beating and sweeping, plus five blacklight-traps (set for one night) was conducted over two days within three km of the original detection site. This effort yielded two additional specimens of H. niger. Conditions were sunny with high temperatures of 30—32°C, preceded by 1-2 weeks of cooler rainy weather. Insect catches were generally low. Finding these three specimens within a one-km radius over two years suggests the existence of a reproducing population of H. niger. In 2010, two additional specimens of this species were recovered from CFIA traps near St. John, New Brunswick. The findings in New Brunswick were 21 km from each other and 1100 km from the Ontario site, suggesting that H. niger is established in at least two separate agricultural regions of Canada. The larval stage of H. niger was thought to be a root pest of vegetables, grains, forage crops, and possibly tree seedlings. However, recent stable-isotope analysis of this species at 11 sites in Austria and Germany indicates that it acts as a predator in its native range (Traugott et al. 2008), and is therefore likely beneficial or not important to plant production. This suggests that H. niger will not become a crop pest in North America, but it is unknown what impact this predator could have on soil-dwelling animals. Label data.': “Canada, ON, Toronto,/ Claireville CA. 17T/ 0608674W 4844539N/ 23.vi.[20]08 funnel nr. Populus/ Chin & Fok CFIA08-3149”; “Canada, ON, Brampton,/ Claireville CA. 43.754° N 79.64°/ W 22.vi. [20]09 beating/ Salix H.Douglas”; and “Canada, ON, Brampton,/ Claireville CA. 43.747° N 79.646°/ W 23.vi. [20]09 AM on Asclepias H.Douglas”; “Canada, NB,/ Quispamsis, 45.467°N/ -65.937°W 16.vii.2010./ EAB sticky./ K.L.Richard CFIA10-02200”; and “Canada, NB, Rockwood/ Pk. campground,/ 45.292°N -66.050°W/ 16.vii.2010. EAB sticky/. K.L.Richard CFIA10-02201”. Recognition. Hemicrepidius niger is a shiny, black or brown elaterid, 10—13 mm long with long pale pubescence dorsally. This species can be distinguished from all North American Hemicrepidius by the lack of posterior emarginations of the hypomera (that of H. niger resembles Fig. 8 in Johnson 2002). Because of this difference, identification of H. niger specimens using Johnson’s (2002) key to North American genera of Elateridae should lead readers to genus Athous. This apparent error is because Johnson’s key was not designed to diagnose non-North American members of these morphologically similar genera. ' A ‘/’ in quoted label data indicates a line break. 12 New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011 Individuals attempting to identify specimens of H. niger and A. haemorrhoidalis using Becker’s (1979) key to North American Athous will follow the path from couplet | directly to couplet 35. This is because these two species lack the triangular frontal depression _(i.e., posterior to the supra-antennal carina) that would lead users to couplet 2. Otherwise the somewhat elevated frontal carina (supra-antennal carina) of 4. haemorrhoidalis and moderately long antennomere 2 of both species would make interpretation of couplet ambiguous. At couplet 35, both can be distinguished from all subsequent species by the following combination of characters: elytral colour uniform (patterned in some species), and lobes of 3“ tarsal segments reaching to apical half of 4" tarsal segments (not reaching as far in any of the other species [Becker 1979, Leseigneur 1972]). The supra-antennal carina of A. haemorrhoidalis is also straight across the head in anteroventral view (this carina is depressed medially in most other species beyond couplet 35). Hemicrepidius niger can be distinguished from 4. haemorrhoidalis by its broad antennomere 3, which is most similar in shape and rough texture to antennomere 4 (most like the shape and smoothness of antennomere 2 in A. haemorrhoidalis). Additionally, the apices of the aedeagal parameres are pointed in H. niger and rounded in A. haemorrhoidalis. Detailed, illustrated taxonomic information is available in Jagemann (1955), Leseigneur (1972), and Platia (1994). Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius) The author examined two specimens of the European species Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius), identified by Serge Laplante. A third specimen of this species was found in CFIA insect survey material. These three Ontario specimens represent the first records from Canada. This species is an apparent pest of below-ground parts of crop and forage plants in its native range (Gratwick 1992), indicating that it could also become a pest in North America. Detailed images of additional specimens of A. haemorrhoidalis were found on the internet (Harvard University 2010). A specimen from Boston Harbour Islands National Recreation Area in Massachusetts represents the first record of this pest species from USA. The specimen shown on this website bears an identification label by Serge Laplante, and the diagnostic characters of A. haemorrhoidalis were clearly visible in the photographs. Although this record is publicly available on the internet, this paper represents the first published record of A. haemorrhoidalis from USA in the scientific literature. The presence of specimens of A. haemorrhoidalis at four sites in each of three regions separated from each other by 400 to 700 km suggests that reproducing populations of this species may be established in North America. Label data. “ONT. Ottawa/ 6.vi.2003/ J. R. Vockeroth”; “Damp second/ growth Acer-/ Betula wood”; same data except date is: 8.vi.2003; “Canada, ON, Toronto,/ Sunnybrook Park 17T 0632469/ E 4842151 N 4.vi.2007. funnel./ Harvey & Chin CFIA07-1246”; “USA: MA, Plymouth, World’s/ End, (WE-MAL-1 11.06)/ (42°15°39.7°N, 70°52 14.5" W/ 6-13 vi 2006, malaise trap/ coll. J. Rykken”. In addition to the World’s End Island record, the same database reports additional specimens from nearby Ragged Island, with four specimens recorded in total. Recognition. Athous haemorrhoidalis is a shiny, black or brown elaterid, 10-15 mm long with pale pubescence dorsally. Diagnostic characters are described above in the treatment 3 . Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011 of H. niger. Detailed, illustrated taxonomic information can be found in Leseigneur (1972) and Platia (1994). Additional records of exotic species already known from North America Agriotes lineatus (L.) Agriotes lineatus is an important crop pest in Europe (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008), and is a probable pest in western Canada (Vernon and Pats 1997). The known distribution of this species in North America is Canada: British Columbia, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia (Becker 1956), Prince Edward Island (present study) and USA: Massachusetts (present study), Washington, and Oregon (LeGasa et al. 2006). Label data. “USA: MA, Suffolk, Thompson/ Island, (TH-BLITZ 10.06)/ 42°19’2”N, 71°0°31”°W/ 10 vi 2006/ BLITZ # 185-1” (det. by S. Laplante). Identity verified through photographs on internet (Harvard University 2010). In addition to the Thompson Island record, the same database reports additional specimens from nearby Bumpkin Island, Calf Island, and Snake Island (ten specimens). “CANADA, PE,/ Hazelbrook, 6 June 2007, C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Crossroads, 11 July 2007, C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ China Point, 27 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Mermaid, 20 June 2007,/ C. Noronha” (17 specimens, 2 in CNCI, remainder returned to C. Noronha). Agriotes obscurus (L.) This species has been found to be a plant pest affecting a wide variety of crops in its native range (Traugott et al. 2008). It is native to much of Northern Eurasia and was first collected in North America in Nova Scotia ca. 1859 (Becker 1956). Newly recorded here for Prince Edward Island. Label data. “CANADA, PE,/ Crossroads, 6 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Lake Verde, 12 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Hazelbrook, 4 July 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Victoria, 12 June 2007,/ C. Noronha” (10 specimens, 2 in CNCI, remainder returned to C. Noronha).. New records of native North American species Agriotes collaris (LeConte). New to Colorado and West Virginia (2 specimens, Colorado State University Collection): “Pike Co. CO/ 26 May 1996/ B. Kondratieff/ Kleinhans Cr./ Cypress Lane”; “Pocahontas Co. WV/ 24 May 1994/ Kondratieff & Fitzgerald, headwaters/ Sugar Cr., FS Rd. 76”. Agriotes fucosus (LeConte). New to Colorado and Nebraska (4 specimens, Colorado State University Collection): “Blaine Co., NE/ 13 June 2000/ B. Kondratieff/ & R. Zuellig/ N. Loup R., CR1”; “Ft. Collins Col.. 6/4/[18]99”; “Colo/ 1887”; “Ft. Collins/ Col 5-13-[19]10”. Ampedus rubricollis (Herbst). New to Louisiana (1 specimen at CNCI, 2 returned to N. Schiff): 1X “LA: Grant Parish,/ Iatt Lake Bottomlands/ 30 Mi. N. of Alexandria/ 1-15 May 1998/ A. Brazel, N. Schiff’ and 2X LA: “Grant Parish,/ Iatt Lake Bottomlands/ 30 Mi. N. of Alexandria/ 15 April-May 7 1998/A. Brazel, N. Schiff”. New to Missouri (2 specimens, returned to N. Schiff): “MO: Reynolds Co./ Deer Run State Forest/ Intersect Rd. 1 and Rd 9/ 30 May 30 June 2006/ R.J. Marquis, N. Schiff”. New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011 Ampedus sayi (LeConte). New to Missouri (1 specimen, returned to N. Schiff): “MO: Reynolds Co./ Deer Run State Forest/ Intersect Rd. 1 and Rd 9/ 30 May-30 June 2006/ R.J. Marquis, N. Schiff”. Athous aterrimus Fall. New to Canada and Alberta (5 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB, Ft. McMurray,/ tar sands, A site, 7.vii.[20]05, Lindgren w./ UHR EtOH & conophthorin. Trap 16./ CFIA 05-3121 Alejos & Solomone”. This is a surprising extension because A. aterrimus was previously only known from Oregon and California (Giant Forest). The specimens from Alberta match the diagnostic characters for this species (Becker 1979) and specimens at CNCI. The most distinctive observed shared characteristics include a pair of pubescence convergence points on the male abdominal ventrite 5 and aedeagal morphology (long phallobase; and short broad paramere blades apical to abrupt emarginations). The only observed difference between the Alberta series and the CNCI A. aterrimus specimens is the shape of the paramere blades (convex throughout vs. concave in the midsection, respectively). Until further taxonomic research is done, it seems best to consider these specimens as belonging to A. aterrimus. Athous ornatipennis (LeConte). New to Missouri (1 specimen, CNCI): “MO: St. Louis Co./ Tyson Research Station/ W. Ridge Rd., Eureka/ 38.31°N, 90.33°W/ 1-10 April 2007 MT/ R. Marquis, N. Schiff’. Athous productus (Randall). New to Alberta (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray, tar sands,/ Syncrude, 23.vi.[20]05,/ Lindgren w. UHR EtOH &/ alpha pinene. Trap 14./ 05-2033. Alejos &/ Solomone” and “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray, tar sands, Suncor, 9.VI.[20]05, Lindgren/ w. ipsenol & ipsdienol./ Trap 6. Alejos and/ Saomone”’. Esthesopus claricollis (Say). New to Canada (Ontario) (1 specimen, University of Guelph Insect Collection): “ONT: Kent Co., Rondeau P./ P., Group Campground, / 42°17°35”N 81°50’52”W/ Carol forest malaise/black light, 20-22 Jul 2004, S.M. Paiero, DEBU01140539”. Hypnoidus rivularius (Gyll.). New to Alberta (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray, tar sands,/ Suncor, 9.VI.[20]05, Lindgren/ w. UHR EtoH &/ salicylaldehyde. Trap 1./ Alejos and Saomone”; and “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray, tar sands, B/ site, 9. VI.[05], Lindgren w./ UHR EtoH &/ Salicylaldehyde. Trap 4./ Alejos and Saomone”. Lacon auroratus (Say). New to Nova Scotia (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, NS, Pictou Co./ Folly Mountain, 20T 458454E 5031889N/ 16.vii.2007. funnel./ McDonald & Linds/ CFIA07-4328” and “Canada, NS, Colchester Co.,/ E. Folly Mt. 20T 458554E/ 5031889N 30.vii.2007./ funnel. McDonald & Linds/ CFIA07-5516”. Limonius basilaris (Say). New to Louisiana (1 specimen returned to N. Schiff): “LA: St. Tammany Parish/ Covingdon, 19 April-13 May/ 2001. M. Devall, N. Schiff”. Pityobius anguinus LeConte (Say). New to Louisiana (1 specimen returned to N. Schiff): “TA: St. Tammany Parish/ Covingdon Malaise Trap/ 25 May-6 June 1998. M. Devall, N. Schiff’. Pseudanostirus nigricollis (Bland). New to New Brunswick (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, NB, 19T /0637197 5244649/ 3.vii.2007. funnel./ A.Couturier CFIA07-/2749" and 15 Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011 “Canada, NB, Scott Siding,/ 19T E613389 N5085445/ 30vi.2008. funnel a-pinene,/ trans verbenol A.McIntosh/ CFIA 08-5108”. Discussion A series of Canadian Department of Agriculture interceptions of exotic species suggests that some of above-mentioned introductions may have been a result of intercontinental trade in woody plants rooted in soil during the early 1960s, before such movement was prohibited. The CNCI has 14 larval specimens of A. haemeroidalis intercepted in shipments of Azalea, Pinus, Juniperus and Taxus with soil to Canadian ports including Montreal, St. John, and Toronto from Belgium and Holland between 1961 and 1963. The same material also contained a larval specimen identified as possibly Athous niger (L.) (= Hemicrepidius niger) intercepted in Ontario in 1962 from Holland. Other exotic species intercepted in this trade included Athous vittatus (Fabricius) (not known from North America), Actenicerus sjaelandicus (Miller) (not known from North America, Majka and Johnson 2008), Dalopius marginatus Esch. (not known from North America) and Agriotes spp. These interception records not only suggest possible origins of the known introduced species presented here, but also that populations of several additional species may exist undetected in North America. The history of any such elaterid interceptions in USA from Europe may also be useful to examine. The additional records of native species presented here extend, or fill in gaps in, known distributions. While this is a potentially endless process of adding geographic detail at an increasingly fine scale, such records are useful for other reasons. Beyond telling us where species occur, having such information may indicate ecological change or help detect newly introduced species. For example, a finding that a putatively native species has rapidly increased its range may indicate that it is not native at after all, or that it has been confused with a newly arrived, morphologically similar, non-native species. Acknowledgements I thank the CFIA’s Plant Health Surveillance Unit, B. Kondratieff (Colorado State University Insect Collection), C. Noronha (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada), S. Paiero (University of Guelph Insect Collection), and N. Schiff (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mississippi) for providing specimens reported in this article. Thanks to Ontario Parks for supporting Rondeau Provincial Park insect surveys by the University of Guelph Insect Collection. Thanks to Howard Mendel (The Natural History Museum, London,UK), and Serge Laplante (CNCI) for their insect identifications. Thanks to L. Darling, B. Gill, K. McLachlan-Hamilton and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011 References Becker, E. C. 1956. Revision of the Nearctic species of Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Canadian Entomologist 88, Supplement 1. 101 pp. Becker, E. C. 1979. Review of the western Nearctic species of Athous (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with a key to the species north of Panama. The Canadian Entomologist 111: 569-614. Dobrovsky, T. M. 1953. Another wireworm of Irish potatoes. Economic Entomology 46: 1115. Gratwick, M. 1992. Crop Pests in the UK, Collected Edition of MAFF Leaflets. Chapman & Hall, London (GB). 490 pp. Harvard University. 2010. Boston Harbor Islands All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. Available from _http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/boston_islands/ (accessed 22 November 2010). Jagemann, E. 1955. Kovarikoveti-Elateridae. (Rad: Brouchi-Coleoptera). Fauna CSR 4 1955: 1-302. Johnson, P. J. 2002. Elateridae. Pp. 160—173 in Arnett, Jr., R. H., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. and Frank, J. H. (eds.). American Beetles, Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida. 861 pp. LeGasa, E. H., Welch, S., Murray, T. and Wraspir, J. 2006. 2005 Western Washington Delimiting Survey for Agriotes obscurus and A. lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Exotic wireworm pests new to the United States. Agricultural Publication 805- 144, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, Washington. 7 pp. Leseigneur, L. 1972. Coléopteres, Elateridae de la faune de France Continentale et de Corse. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 41: 1-379. Majka, C. G. and Johnson, P. J. 2008. The Elateridae (Coleoptera) of the maritime provinces of Canada: faunal composition, new records, and taxonomic changes. Zootaxa 1811: 1-33. Platia, G. 1994. Coleoptera, Elateridae. Fauna d’Italia 33: 1-xiv, 1-429. Stone, M. W. 1975. Distribution of four introduced Conoderus species in California (Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 29: 163-166. Traugott, M., Schallhart, N., Kaufmann, R. and Juen, A. 2008. The feeding ecology of elaterid larvae in Central European arable land: new perspectives based on naturally occurring stable isotopes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 342-349. Vernon, B. and Pats, P. 1997. Distribution of two European wireworms, Agriotes lineatus and A. obscurus, in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 94: 59-61. Williams, F. X. 1931. Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian sugarcane fields. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaii. 400 pp. Pies o% x (sediesenl aniston th) ADI aeye 2 ot : ng Ear pisces BS Tego Bn | nreigielna woth. Io oe ts ae aires weow of > icine Sy, a) ; pdbhslinnnemarone teed 4% magic cr shrene tai of Melby aoe hit hy ma sif- este tides s thee ak vqntontitesd oben cio Tv manaton = aka ri Be leah a NCT hae 14 torval Specimens of 4. sistent 3 alufties. 2a th dralib targa leh Aid on i azo qa id ae ‘oxete im BetyOth 42D Mocha te rey yitwia 7h Arscmb Po cyl hentt be ¢ neseletadi eb telakscehotlanateogeai@e need) 5o nents vbnedet ‘ced ike trian arta , cis Woke ieetinked Astind: ittatus [Eat a : de a4 ics am 0 fa cn rear , dooms marginates Each, ale by liek Ds dt ean Bod Syn toma cnbl sn Oo hig egtAt niger ne nyeiqutalt 2 3k else eda . qe lee fbeiniersatire ee emf . tte al mana: ane OSs As pepegt dd aloes T er a oth My ce lex oripind Aine raat) emcees 7 ear net. inhowey hodolbew - et qnidqusidetl ion wary la 2M poem ona oa eee obON y rotunedis We .crqurkiC) ntitbsocek =e Pp reeER paleo ey tide , eto selene) i ehrsieg al. al browilch anon? ) Divi ae | ied th} ened antics pend eg bianblagalint (anus ott Po Ocoee? | tadern alifed bias AS yoann celia ate a in7l> arinone hoy ees? tah Tories ee chatest boil te-4H8 oa Fe eile! b teed sabmatald wrarqotony BERIT ari braze? Mipiy eye Quu arih i 2N@T Ww i” nits uel ates “) sto pod) (sebivsiS ergaqooley- Be toh JT. DRE Gi Tee A evil? Heat a ert Be Kis ee wa wrest bres! sities aceon Lantad Je od ta Uae) ~ 4’ ; ol yueaiin itr Dik gained, Ae 6. Sole tpldales oly . ne en by. eres. Nee). Ger a odd ote . es, See i iwi aed lexuehwenad a) jade 2+ cher La relay F, 1 reaapaltes : ks to Oc AS iene wmowaye neko be eck wy weeny ii aoriet a aces ela +t SAN ieee belo cainaiiiaal eareyne F & a? 1s)» @ = 2 A Here. et — r? ol = Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011 INSECT COLLECTIONS FROM POLAR BEAR PROVINCIAL PARK, ONTARIO, WITH NEW RECORDS D. BERESFORD Trent University, Department of Biology, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8 email: davidberesford@trentu.ca Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 19-27 New records are presented for species of Diptera (18), Coleoptera (10), Lepidoptera (7), Hymenoptera (5), Odonata (3), and Orthoptera (1) collected in 2009 during a 9-day period in Polar Bear Provincial Park, coastal northern Ontario. These include the first Ontario record of Lucilia magnicornis (Siebke) (Diptera: Calliphoridae); new northern ranges for Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken and C. zinzalus Philip (Diptera: Tabanidae); three other, rarely collected flies: Protocalliphora spatulata Sabrosky, Bennett, and Whitworth (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg, and H. groenlandicus (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae), and the tiger moth Grammia quenseli (Paykull) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Published December 2011 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to report on insects caught at Burnt Point Field Station, operated by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). This site, accessible only by plane, is located in Polar Bear Provincial Park. Established in 1970, the Park consists of a 2.4 million hectare wilderness-class area along the southern Hudson Bay and northwestern James Bay coasts, 54—56°N and 82—87°W (OMNR 2011). The terrain at Burnt Point is mainly low-lying tundra in the Hudson Plains ecozone. Collections were obtained while conducting a multi-year biting fly trap comparison study being carried out in conjunction with the Far North Information and Knowledge Management Plan initiative of the OMNR Far North Terrestrial Biodiversity project. The Plan’s goal is to catalogue the distribution and diversity of species within the various ecosystems of northern Ontario, thus providing data to inform management strategies for both conservation and development. * Beresford JESO Volume 142, 2011 Materials and Methods ~ The OMNR Burnt Point Field Station is 75 km east of the community of Peawanuck at 55°14°29.5”N, 84°19°04”W, in the middle of a 5—10 km flat region of shallow fen pools and gravel ridges between the Hudson Bay coast and the edge of boreal forest. Sampling took place from 7—15 August 2009. Hourly temperatures for the collecting period were recorded using a Thermocron I-button® data logger (model DS1921G). The weather throughout the collecting period was cool, windy, often rainy and/or foggy. The mean temperature was 12°C (SD = 5.7), with only two days when temperatures exceeded 25°C. During the study period, there were 110, 65, 29, and 11 accumulated degree days above 0, 5, 10, and 15°C temperature thresholds, respectively. Daily catches were consequently often low. Insects were collected by hand, by net, and from two Nzi traps (specifically designed to collect biting flies), one made of cloth and the other of Coroplast® (Mihok 2002; Beresford and Sutcliffe 2006; Mihok and Carlson 2007). An Nzi trap is 125 cm wide and 80 cm high, with a black, central target flanked by blue panels, the whole surmounted by a netted funnel to direct insects into a collecting bottle. Any insects that were not within the collecting bottle at the top of the traps were removed using a modified battery-operated hand-held vacuum (Dust Buster"). Collections from both Nzi traps were preserved in vials with 80% ethanol at the end of each day, and stored until pinned for identification in Peterborough. Host- seeking mosquitoes were sampled by placing a vial over any mosquitoes that attempted to bloodfeed from my face or arms. Netted or hand-caught insects were killed with ethyl acetate and then pinned. All pinned specimens and trap collections are stored as vouchers in the Biology Department, Trent University. The collected insects were identified using relevant taxonomic keys as follows: for Coleoptera, Lindroth (1961—1969) (current Latin names checked using Bousquet and Larochelle 1993) (Carabidae), Yanega (1996) (Cerambyicidae), Larson et al. (2000) (Dytiscidae), and Anderson and Peck (1985) (Silphidae); for Diptera, Whitworth (2006) and Marshall et al. (2011) (Calliphoridae), Wood et al. (1979) and Thielman and Hunter (2007) (Culicidae), Vockeroth (1992) and Skevington et al. (2006) (Syrphidae), Teskey (1990) and Thomas and Marshall (2009) (Tabanidae); for Hymenoptera, Packer et al. (2007) and Laverty and Harder (1988) (Apidae), Buck et al. 2008 (Vespidae); for Lepidoptera, Layberry et al. 1998 (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae), Schmidt (2009) (Arctiidae); for Odonata, Walker (1953, 1958) and Walker and Corbet (1975); and for Orthoptera, Vickery and Kevan (1985). Identifications were confirmed by other researchers when required (Table 1, footnotes). New range records were based on published range maps found in the literature, or personal communication where indicated. Results and Discussion The list of species caught is presented in Table |. As far as I can determine, most are the first published records for Polar Bear Provincial Park except for the species of Arctiidae and Silphidae. The new records are not surprising as insect diversity in the coastal region of northern Ontario is greatly understudied compared to southern Ontario due to inaccessibility 20 Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011 TABLE 1. Species collected at Burn Point Field Station, Polar Bear Provincial Park, 7-15 August 2009. Identifications confirmed by other researchers are listed in the footnotes. , ‘ Collection ; Order/Family/Species Date sihias Habitat ae COLEOPTERA Carabidae Pterostichus punctatissimus (Randall) 8 August hand gravel ridge l Stereocerus haematopus (Dejean) 12 August hand gravel ridge l Cerambycidae Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus pee fis oor base ; (Say) Dytiscidae Agabus arcticus (Paykull) 10 August net fen pool l Carrhydrus crassipes Fall 10 August net fen pool l Hygrotus novemlineatus (Stephens) 10 August net fen pool l Ilybius discedens Sharp 10 August net fen pool 2 Ilybius pleuriticus LeConte 10 August net fen pool 2 Ilybius vittiger (Gyllenhal) 10 August net fen pool 2 Silphidae Thanatophilus lapponicus (Herbst) 8 August hand under garbage 10 DIPTERA Calliphoridae Calliphora terraenovae Macquart 10,14 August Nzi traps 3 ae aaa 11-14 August Nzi traps 4 Lucilia magnicornis (Siebke) 12 August cloth Nzi trap l toc coh aig ony: 14 August cloth Nzi trap 2 Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau- yore eae 3 Desvoidy) Culicidae Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) 6-16 August hand l Aedes nigripes (Zetterstedt) 6—16 August hand 17 Syrphidae Chamaesyrphus sp. 10 August cloth Nzi trap 2 Helophilus groenlandicus (Fabricius 12 August net gravel ridge l Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg? 8 August net gravel ridge l Parasyrphus nigritarsus (Zetterstedt) 13 August net gravel ridge l Parasyrphus tarsatus (Zetterstedt) 13 August net gravel ridge l Tabanidae Chrysops excitans Walker 8-13 August — cloth Nzi trap l Chrysops furcatus Walker 8-13 August Nzi traps and net 10 Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken 8-13 August — cloth Nzi trap l 21 . Beresford TABLE | Cont’d... JESO Volume 142, 2011 : , llecti : Order/Family/Species Date poi ee Habitat ag Chrysops nigripes Zetterstedt 8-13 August —_Nzi traps and net 75 Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken 8-13 August —_— Nzi traps and net 10 Chrysops zinzalus Philip 8-13 August Coroplast Nzi trap l HYMENOPTERA Apidae Bombus borealis Kirby 13 August net gravel ridge l Bombus polaris Curtis 9-10 August net gravel ridge 2 Bombus sylvicola Kirby 8—13August net gravel ridge 7 Bombus terricola Kirby 13 August net gravel ridge l Vespidae Dolichovespula norwegica (Fabricius) 9 August net ground nest 2 LEPIDOPTERA Erebidae Grammia quenseli (Paykull)’ 11 August net gravel ridge l Hesperiidae Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur)* 10 August net gravel ridge l Lycaenidae Lycaena dorcas Kirby* 13 August net gravel ridge Zz Nymphalidae Coenonympha tullia (Miiller)* 10 August net gravel ridge 2 Pieridae Colias gigantea Strecker* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge 3 Colias interior Scudder* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge Colias palaeno chippewa Edwards* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge ODONATA Aeshnidae Aeshna sitchensis Hagen* 13 August net gravel ridge 2 Libellulidae rl ginicineta 11 August net gravel ridge 4 Sympetrum danae (Sulzer)* 13 August net gravel ridge Z ORTHOPTERA Acrididae Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber) 11—14 August net gravel ridge 4 ' Terry Whitworth (Washington State University, Pullman, Washington) > Jeffrey Skevington (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario) * Christian Schmidt (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario) * Colin Jones (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough) Y2 Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011 of much of the northern part of the province. Thus, any reporting on species collected from this area adds to our knowledge of species distributions, contributing important information on the ecology of these regions (Danks 1981). Along the coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay, the nearest other historic collecting sites in Ontario are Fort Severn to the west, Fort Albany and Moosonee to the south and, to the east in Quebec, a few localities from Great Whale River south. Specimens from the Moosonee and Quebec sites were collected mainly by staff from the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, during the Northern Insect Survey, conducted from 1947—1958 [maps of collecting sites given in Freeman and Twinn (1954, figure 1), and Huckett (1965, map 1)]. Butterflies have also been collected along the east coast of James Bay (Hess 1993). All the sites are hundreds of kilometres from the current study site and, as far as known, few of the insect records from them have been published—mainly butterflies (Hess 1993; Layberry et al. 1998) and mosquitoes (Wood et al. 1979). Most of the records reported here fill in a large distributional gap, even for species that are known to be widespread in Canada. Atypical collecting methods can produce surprising results. Nzi traps were designed for catching biting flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and stable flies (Stomoxinae). They generally catch low numbers of non-targeted species such as blow flies (Calliphoridae). One possible explanation for the blow flies reported here is that they were attracted to the warm surface of the traps, which presented a prominent target in the flat landscape of the collecting site. New Ontario records and range extensions for 17 species are discussed further here. Lucilia magnicornis (Siebke) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Marshall et al. 2011) is a rarely collected northern species of blow fly, recorded previously from Alaska to Labrador. This is the first report for Ontario. Protocalliphora spatulata Sabrosky, Bennett and Whitworth (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was collected in the Nzi traps. Only two specimens if this species of bird blow fly were obtained. This species is found in the far north or at high elevations, with most records being from western North America. As far as I can determine, only one other Ontario record exists, from the Ogoki region of inland northern Ontario (Sabrosky et al. 1989). The larvae are parasitoids of fledgling birds, and P. spatulata has been reported from horned larks, American pipits, rosy finches (Sabrosky et al. 1989), savannah sparrows, and white-crowned sparrows in Alaska (Fair and Miller 1995). Calliphora terraenovae Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a widespread, relatively uncommon species (Marshall et al. 2011), previously collected from Labrador and southern Ontario. This is the first record from northern Ontario. Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a Holarctic species. One of the most abundant blow fly species on the Russian tundra (Vinogradova 1993), it is generally less common in Canada (Marshall et al. 2011). The range map from Marshall et al. (2011, University of Guelph Insect Collection database) reflects this, with a record gap between Churchill, Manitoba and mid to southern Ontario. Cynoma cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a common species, known from Ontario, James Bay and the Manitoba coast. This is a first, but not unexpected, report from the Hudson Bay coast of Ontario. 23 Beresford JESO Volume 142, 2011 Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken and C. zinzalus Philip (Diptera: Tabanidae) are new range records for northern Ontario. Distribution maps show northern catches from the southern tip of James Bay in Quebec, and previous Ontario records are from the Great Lakes region, particularly around Lake Superior (Thomas and Marshall 2009). The other four deer fly species were expected from Polar Bear Provincial Park. Aedes nigripes (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a tundra species. Polar Bear Provincial Park occurs at the southern edge of its distribution in central Canada. The records from Polar Bear Provincial Park fill in a gap between catches reported from the Quebec and Manitoba coastlines (Wood et al. 1979). Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young), largely associated with bogs, tends to be a more southern species, with reported catches in northern Ontario previously from the James Bay region and northern Quebec (Wood et al. 1979). Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg and H. groenlandicus (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) are rarely caught Holarctic northern species (Skevington et al. 2006). Although generally found in low tundra habitat (Danks 1981), both species have been caught in a black spruce peatland forest 50 kilometres north of Cochrane, Ontario (Deans et al. 2007). Dolichovespula norwegica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), a widespread Holarctic species, was caught at a nest located in the ground under a dense thicket of willow shrubs on a gravel ridge, substantiating observations that this species nests underground (Buck et al. 2008). Among the four bumble bee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) collected, Bombus sylvicola Kirby and B. polaris Curtis are commonly found along the Hudson Bay coastal region, whereas B. borealis Kirby and B. terricola Kirby tend to be more southern species, with previous northern records from the James Bay area (Laverty and Harder 1988). Grammia quenseli (Paykull) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is an arctic/alpine species. I am aware of only two other records from Ontario for this species, one from Cape Henrietta Maria (within Polar Bear Provincial Park) collected in 1948 (Don Sutherland, personal communication), and one from Shagamu River, Kenora District (Robertson 1994). Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was caught along a gravel ridge beside a fen pool, typical habitat for this species (Vickery and Kevan 1985). The species occurs across Canada, with a northern distribution from the Hudson Bay coastline west to Alaska (Vickery and Kevan 1985). All of the beetles collected have reported ranges that encompass the study region. Conclusions Large-scale changes in habitat such as those associated with a changing climate, land use, or increased accessibility, have the potential to alter species composition and/or bring invasive species into the Hudson Bay lowlands (Fernandez-Triana et al. 2009). The ability to quantify such effects (see for example, Fernandez-Triana et al. 2011) depends on knowing the extent and consistency of current insect species distribution. 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Keys to the genera and species of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 689-725. Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. and Ellis, R. A. 1979. The mosquitoes of Canada (Diptera: Culicidae). The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 6. Agriculture Canada. Publication 1686. 390 pp. Yanega, D. 1996. Field guide to northeastern longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Illinois Natural History Survey Manual 6, Champaign, Illinois. 174 pp. a7 ets aad sneer Se ie ’ onbetp «Oem . : met © agg atc, fayoeno, Oroate ieee etoeyGl) rites! Ano at a ims shane) Ve nates bei De: ie. V ated Roeghioy, £200 = cuskaaedl Cade iat obo nd aot otal) hdage etter teseierah epebtindtn Dy doabiatly) era) a rieihe: epgiditheterw tad wssalite pldeliéy a b00T & PATOMCASASATE.A! slob Smal, bO: ARR | bedrererlé | ale Leeda, dans soseabiee dd OOOSRATE ! 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Thera, -Manstiotl, & Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 HYLAEUS PUNCTATUS (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE), A BEE SPECIES NEW TO CANADA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER NON-NATIVE SPECIES C. S. SHEFFIELD', S. DUMESH, AND M. CHERYOMINA Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3 email: cory.silas.sheffield@gmail.com Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 29-43 Hylaeus punctatus (Brullé) (Colletidae; Hylaeinae), the second species of the Old World subgenus Spatulariella recorded in the Western Hemisphere, is reported in Canada for the first time. A diagnosis for recognizing the subgenus among the Canadian fauna and a key to distinguish the two species are provided. Additionally, we provide a brief summary of non-native bee species in Canada. Published December 2011 Introduction A recent “General Status of Species in Canada” assessment for Canadian bee species compiled 803 species, with the highest diversity in southern areas bordering the United States (Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, in preparation). New bee species are still being described in Canada (Gibbs 2010; Rehan and Sheffield 2011), and new distributional records are frequently being added (Gibbs 2010; Dumesh and Sheffield in press; Sheffield et al. in press), most of these as northern range extensions from the adjacent United States. Areas of Canada bordering the United States are thus particularly important in terms of receiving and/or intercepting non-native species (Cane 2003; Sheffield et al. 2010). Introduced species are considered among the greatest threats to local biodiversity (Wilson 1999; Chivian and Bernstein 2008). Therefore, noting the presence and time of establishment of non-native insects, including bees, within a region 1s critical to monitor effectively the potential impact of these species on the indigenous fauna (Cane 2003; Sheffield et al. 2010). It is also important to understand the biology of these species, including, for bees, establishing their patterns of floral use and nesting-site preferences. Many introduced species share floral resources and compete for nesting sites with native species (Barthell et al. 1998), especially in urban settings (Matteson et al. 2008). Such data are also important for developing predictive models to determine the likely range of suitable ‘Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. 29 Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 habitat and ultimate distribution (Hinojosa-Diaz et al. 2005; Strange et al. 2011). In the last few decades, several Old World bee species have been recorded for the first time in Canada, from Ontario (Smith 1991; Paiero and Buck 2004; Buck et al. 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010), most of which have subsequently established populations. Here, we report a non-native species, Hylaeus (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé) in Canada. This species is one of two H. (Spatulariella) species now established in North America (Ascher 2001; Ascher et al. 2006; Tonietto and Ascher 2008). We give a diagnosis of the subgenus and provide a key to the two species of H. (Spatulariella) known to be present in North America. Additionally, we provide a summary of the other 16 non-native bee species in Canada. Results First records of a new exotic species in Canada Hylaeus (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé). Hylaeus punctatus was first collected in North America in 198] at Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., California (Snelling 1983) and, shortly after, recorded in South America at Santiago, Chile (Toro et al. 1989). More recently, it was discovered further east in North America, first from the District of Columbia (Ascher et al. 2006), and later in New York (Matteson et al. 2008) and Colorado (Ascher and Pickering 2011). We collected fourteen specimens, deposited in the Packer Collection, York University (PCY U) and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC), with the following data: CANADA. Ontario: Toronto, York University campus, 43.7753°N 79.5056°W, 196m, 27.vii.2011, S. Dumesh, M. Cheryomina, C. Sheffield (9); same locality, 29.vii.2011, C. Sheffield (5%) and 30.vii.2011, C. Sheffield (19). All specimens were collected on wild carrot, Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae). In sweeps of these plants, 44% of the Hylaeus captured were males of H. (Spatulariella): H. hyalinatus 26% and H. punctatus 18%. Gosek et al. (1995) suggested H. punctatus as a potential pollinator of carrot; this affinity may be useful for monitoring its further spread in North America. The lack of distributional data between western locations, i.e., California, Colorado, and eastern North America may represent multiple introductions and/or lack of detection due to “no” sampling. Hy/aeus punctatus probably nests in pre-existing cavities (Westrich 1990), which likely facilitated its arrival into North America (Ascher 2001) and subsequent spread. The arrival of H. punctatus in Canada appears to be recent, as pan trap surveys on York University campus between 2004 and 2006 (Colla et al. 2009) failed to detect it (or H. hyalinatus) among the 248 specimens of Hylaeus collected. Neither species was collected in the 2002-2003 survey of Grixti and Packer (2006) approximately 20 km northeast of York University campus, though other surveys in southern Ontario have detected H. hyalinatus in low numbers: in 2003 in St. Catharines, Ontario, only two H. hyalinatus were collected among 1729 Hylaeus specimens (Richards et al. 2011). In a survey in Hamilton (Royal Botanic Gardens) 6 out of 112 Hylaeus specimens were H. hyalinatus (Andrachuk, unpublished). However, the numbers of H. punctatus recorded here may suggest that this species has been in Ontario for several years, though undetected, as very few have been caught in pan traps relative to indigenous species (Colla et al., 2009; Richards et al. 2011; 30 ai we ok. Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 Andrachuk, unpublished), despite the subgenus being proportionally very abundant on Daucus florets. Diagnosis and key to species of Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America. The subgenus is distinguished from other North American Hy/aeus subgenera by the presence of a lamelliform carina between anterior and lateral faces of the mesepisternum in both sexes (Figures la, 1c; easiest to see in ventrolateral view), which is absent in the other subgenera found in Canada (Figures 1b, 1d). Males of this subgenus are further distinguished by the spatulate apex of sternum 8 (Figure 5a), which often protrudes from the genital opening. The following key (modified from Ascher 2001) can be used to distinguish the two species of H. (Spatulariella) in North America, and can be used with Mitchell (1960) and Romankova (2007) for identifying species in eastern Canada. ] EE antec fyi Pe cig SS Nae ie wins on ss badae eae «jog PUREE eR caw s 2 EI ae fase See Dh ees ern « «wun at az h Se whl a seem pee RIE «an «= 3 2(1) Face with long lateral maculations that fill most of the lower paraocular area (Figure 2a); mesopleuron with distinct shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 3a), the punctures similar in size to those on the mesoscutum (Figure 3c), especially anterior to episternal groove (Figure 3a)............... H. hyalinatus Smith - Face with lateral maculations reduced (Figure 2c); mesopleuron more coarsely and closely punctate, without shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 3b), the punctures generally larger and deeper than those on the mesoscutum I eS tr er ate anne Ee PORE eo oO H. punctatus (Brullé) 3(1) Sternum 8 with distal spatulate process rounded apically, connected to the base by an extremely narrow elongate stalk (Figure 5a); face with extensive yellow maculation, the supraclypeal area nearly entirely pale, with lateral face marks extending on the eye margin to well above antennal base (Figure 2b); pleura with distinct shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 4a), the punctures similar in size to those on mesoscutum (Figure 4c)..............2:+--+.-2. Ayalinatus Smith 5 Sternum 8 with distal process bi-lobed (emarginated apically), connected to the base by a broad stalk (Figure 5b); face with pale maculations less extensive, supraclypeal area black (Figure 3d) or with yellow band restricted to apical half (Figures 3e and 3f), lateral face marks reduced and seldom extending above epistomal sulcus (Figure 3d-3f); pleura more coarsely and closely punctate, without shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 4b), the punctures generally wider and deeper than those on mesoscutum (Figure 4d)............... H. punctatus (Brullé) Notes on other exotic bee species in Canada COLLETIDAE H. (Spatulariella) hyalinatus Smith. This European species (also discussed above) was first reported in North American in 2001 (Ascher 2001) from collections made between 31 Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 FIGURE 1. Distinguishing characteristic of Hylaeus (Spatulariella). Female (A) and male (C) of H. (Spatulariella) with visible lamelliform carina extending from pronotal lobe to forecoxa. Female (B) and male (D) of Hylaeus (Prosopis) without visible carina. 1997 and 2000 in New York. It was reported in southern Ontario shortly after (Buck et al. 2006), though the material examined in that study suggested it has been in North America (Canada) since 1993. It is a cavity-nesting species (Ascher 2001). Hylaeus leptocephalus (Morawitz). Snelling (1970) indicated that this cavity-nesting species (as H. stevensi (Crawford)) was not closely related to any Hy/aeus in the Nearctic region, and was virtually identical to the Palearctic H. bisinuatus Foérster. Both are now considered synonyms of H. /eptocephalus. This common species is found throughout the United States and southern Canada (British Columbia-Nova Scotia), and is possibly an oligolege of Melilotus, also introduced from the Palearctic region (Snelling 1970; but listed as polylectic by Cane (2003)). Hylaeus leptocephalus has been in North America since 1912 (collected in Fargo, North Dakota), and was first collected in Canada (Alberta) in 1916 (Snelling 1970). ANDRENIDAE Andrena wilkella (Kirby). This species occurs naturally in Europe and northern Asia, and is now common throughout northeastern North America. Andrena wilkella has been in North America since the 1800s (Malloch 1918) and, like the other ground-nesting species 32 Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 eee FIGURE 2. Facial maculation patterns of Hy/aeus (Spatulariella) in North America. Female (A) and male (B) of H. hyalinatus. Female (C) and male (D—F) of H. punctatus; D—-F show variation in males of H. punctatus, ranging from no maculation on supraclypeal area and reduced maculation on lower paraocular area (D) to a band on apical 1/4 (E) to 1/2 (F) of supraclypeal area and more extensive maculation on lower paraocular area. a Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 discussed below, it may have arrived in the New World through the importation and release of dry ballast, e.g., rock, sand, soil (Giles and Ascher 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010). HALICTIDAE Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank). This ground-nesting species occurs naturally in Europe and northern China, and probably has been in North America since the 1800s (Droege 2008). Lasioglossum leucozonium was recently collected in Alberta (specimens in PCYU), well outside the range reported by McGinley (1986). More sampling in locations between the documented range given in McGinley (1986) and these western records is required to know the full extent of its distribution in North America. Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith). This “Holarctic” species (McGinley 1986) is also believed to be introduced (Giles and Ascher 2006) due to its phylogenetic position in the Old World leucozonium species group (Packer 1998; Danforth and Ji 2001). Lasioglossum zonulum has been in Canada since at least the mid-1 800s, previously identified by Provancher (1882) as Halictus discus Smith (as L. discum) (Sheffield and Perron, unpublished). Though the FIGURE 3. Distinguishing characters for females of Hylaeus (Spatulariellia) in North America. Mesoscutum of female (A) H. hyalinatus, and (B) H. punctatus; mesopleuron of female (C) H. hyalinatus, and (D) H. punctatus. 34 Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 FIGURE 4. Distinguishing characters of male Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America. Mesoscutum of male (A) H. hyalinatus, and (B) H. punctatus; mesopleuron of male (C) H. hyalinatus, and (D) H. punctatus. female of Halictus discus was described from ‘North America” this is believed to be an error (Mitchell 1960; Ebmer 1976). MEGACHILIDAE Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger). A series of Anthidium oblongatum was collected in Toronto at York University campus in 2011 [col. C.S. Sheffield]. Most bees visiting Lotus corniculatus L. on campus are this species and the non-native Megachile rotundata, suggesting it is well established in Ontario. This species, native to Europe and the Near East, has been in Ontario since at least 2002 when three individuals were recorded by Romankova (2003). Anthidium oblongatum is well established in the eastern United States (Miller et al. 2002; Tonietto and Ascher 2008; Maier 2009) since it was first discovered in New York in 1994 (Hoebeke and Wheeler 1999). Miller et al. (2002) provide a key that can be used to recognize the species in eastern Canada. It is a cavity nesting species. Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus). This species, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Near East (Banaszak and Romasenko 1998) was first discovered in North America in the gD Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 FIGURE 5. Distinguishing terminalia characters of males Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America. (A) H. hyalinatus S8, stalk narrow and apex rounded, (B) H. punctatus S8, stalk broad and apex emarginated or bilobed. 1960s (Jaycox 1967) and first reported in Canada (Ontario) in 1991 (Smith 1991). Anthidium manicatum is now well established and rapidly expanding its distribution throughout North America (Gibbs and Sheffield 2009; Maier 2009) and in 2011 was found on the island of Newfoundland (Barry Hicks, pers. comm.), within the likely range of establishment predicted by Strange et al. (2011). It is considered polylectic (Banaszak and Romasenko 1998) though commonly found associated with large urban and suburban n ganiets particularly those with Stachys (Lamiaceae). It nests in cavities. Chelostoma campanularum (Kirby). Although only recently recorded in Canada, this cavity-nesting species has been here since at least 1976 (Buck et al. 2006), and is relatively common in Ontario in the cities of Guelph, St. Catharines, and Toronto. It occurs naturally in Europe and the Near East, and was first detected in North America in New York in the early 1970s (Eickwort 1980). The species is oligolectic on Campanula (Campanulaceae). Chelostoma rapunculi (Lepeletier). Like the preceding species, C. rapunculi is a cavity- nesting species introduced from the Palearctic region. It was first recorded in North America by Eickwort (1980), who examined specimens collected in New York from the early as 1960s. Females are also oligolectic on Campanula, though Buck et al. (2006) collected specimens on Echium vulgare L. (Boraginaceae). 36 Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 Hoplitis anthocopoides (Schenck). Like the preceding two species, H. anthocopoides is from Europe and was first detected in North American in Albany County, New York, in 1969 (Eickwort 1970), though not collected in Canada until 2002 (Buck et al. 2006). As a reported floral specialist, its spread in North America may be linked to localized availability and population connectivity of its food plant, Echium vulgare. Eickwort (1975) gave detailed accounts of its biology. This species, unlike most of the other non-native megachilid bees presented here, is a true mason bee, building its nests from “mortar and pebbles”. Because the nests are constructed on exposed areas of rocks, its mode of introduction into North America would presumably have been on exposed surfaces, not hidden in pre-existing cavities in wood, etc. Osmia caerulescens (Linnaeus). This is probably our first established cavity-nesting bee species, arriving in North America in the 1800s. It occurs naturally throughout Europe, North Africa, the Near East and India (Rust 1974). In North America, this species is found primarily in northeastern and north central US and southeastern Canada to Nova Scotia (Rust 1974; Sheffield et al. 2003; 2008), though specimens have also been collected in British Columbia (specimens in PCYU) and in the north western United States (Cane 2003). Megachile (Eutricharaea ) apicalis Spinola. This species is of Eurasian origin and was first reported as established in western North America by Cooper (1984). Megachile apicalis was only recently reported in Canada, collected in British Columbia in 2009 by Lincoln R. Best (Sheffield et al. in press), though it has recently been found in the eastern United States (S. Droege, pers. comm). Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius). This species, also of Eurasian origin, has been established in western Canada for at least 50-60 years, and has been developed extensively as a commercial pollinator of alfalfa (Pitts-Singer and Cane 2011). Megachile rotundata has been found in eastern Canada since the 1990s as a result of deliberate introductions for lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) (Ericaceae) pollination. Sheffield (2008) and Sheffield et al. (2008) suggested that this species may have established in Nova Scotia prior to this, possibly due to pollination trials of forage crops in the 1970s and 1980s. Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith. This species, from eastern Asia, was first detected in North America in North Carolina in 1994 (Magnum and Brooks 1997). Megachile sculpturalis was first observed in Canada (Ontario) in 2002 (Magnum and Sumner 2003; Paiero and Buck 2004), and was recently collected in Quebec (Gibbs and Sheffield 2009). This species has great potential to spread throughout the continent (Hinojosa-Diaz et al. 2005; Maier 2009). Megachile (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum Lepeletier. This species is wide-ranging in the Western Palaearctic region, and has been in Canada at least since 2003 (Sheffield et al. 2010). It is currently known in North America only from a single female specimen collected on the Niagara Escarpment in St. Catharines, Ontario (Sheffield et al. 2010). oF a ——— Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 Apis mellifera L. This is the first bee species introduced into the Western Hemisphere, and the only bee species introduced intentionally into Canada. European settlers brought honey bees with them in the 1620s (Crane 1999; Horn 2005) for honey and wax production. These roles are now overshadowed in importance by crop pollination by A. mellifera throughout the world (Free 1993). It occurs from coast to coast in Canada, in all provinces and territories. Feral colonies are present throughout North America (including southern Canada), though numbers and persistence have declined since the arrival of parasitic mites in the last few decades (Droege 2008). Conclusions Major commodity entry points into Canada serve as likely entrance points for exotic species (Majka and LeSage 2006), including bees (Cane 2003; Sheffield et al. 2010). Ontario is one of the main entrance points for access so it is not surprising that all but one of the 17 exotic bee species in Canada are found in the province (Figure 6), and most of the 18 I) Pre-1950 16 | ( } Post-1950 s. 8&e 14 | . & Tot. Species 12 | 10 Number of Introduced Species (bars) Total Species YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON QC NB Province/Territory FIGURE 6. The number of introduced bee species occurring in each province or territory in Canada. Line with triangles represents total number of bee species known from each province or territory. Solid bars indicate species introduced to Canada pre-1950; cross- hatched bars represent post-1950 introductions. 38 Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 post-1950s detections were first reported here (Smith 1991; Paiero and Buck 2004; Buck et al. 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010). An additional species, Megachile xylocopoides Smith, obtained from wood containing its mature larvae was recently intercepted at the Canadian border in Ontario (Hume Douglas, CFIA Ottawa, pers. comm.). Its identity was confirmed by DNA barcoding of larval tissue, and subsequent rearing. It is not established in Canada. As twelve of the 17 exotic bee species in Canada are cavity nesters, and specimens are sporadically intercepted at the Canadian border and at international entry points in the United States (Cane 2003), the likelihood of new arrivals is quite high. It is certainly worthwhile monitoring areas adjacent to the United States border because several additional non-native species are established in New York and adjacent areas of north eastern North America (Droege 2008; pers. comm.) and are likely spreading northward. Southern Ontario is likely to continue being the first region of arrival and detection of non-native bee species in Canada. Acknowledgements We thank Rémi Hébert (Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada) for encouraging and facilitating the bee work for the General Status of Species in Canada, Sam Droege (United States Geological Survey) for helpful comments, correspondence, and continued hard work on bees in North America. Thanks also to Laurence Packer (York University) for helpful comments. We also acknowledge the contribution of the Ontario Research Fund (ORF) and Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for imaging equipment and support. This work was conducted during a research associate position to Cory Sheffield, funded by the NSERC-CANPOLIN (Canadian Pollination Initiative); Sheila Dumesh was funded through an NSERC Discovery Grant to Laurence Packer, York University. This is contribution number 32 of the Canadian Pollination Initiative. References Ascher, J. S. 2001. Hylaeus hyalinatus Smith, a European bee new to North America, with notes on other adventive bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103: 184-190. Ascher, J. S. and Pickering, J. 2011. Discover Life’s bee species guide and world checklist. (http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species&flags=HAS:) Ascher, J. S., Gambino, P. and Droege, S. 2006. Adventive Hylaeus (Spatulariella) Popov in the new world (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 237-239. Banaszak, J. and Romasenko, L. 1998. Megachild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Pedagogical University of Bydgoszcz, Poland. 239 pp. Barthell, J. F., Frankie, G. W. and Thorp, R. W. 1998. Invader effects in a community of cavity nesting megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 240-247. 39 Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 Buck, M., Paiero, S. M. and Marshall, S. A. 2006 [2005]. New records of native and introduced Aculeate Hymenoptera from Ontario, with keys to Eastern Canadian species of Cerceris (Crabronidae) and eastern Nearctic species of Chelostoma (Megachilidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 136: 37-52. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council. Wild Species 2015: the General Status of Species in Canada (in preparation). National General Status Working Group. Cane, J. H. 2003. Exotic nonsocial bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in North America: ecological implications. Pp. 113—126 in K. Strickler and Cane, J.H. (eds.). 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Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31: 61-64. Matteson, K. C., Ascher, J. S. and Langellotto, G. A. 2008. Bee richness and abundance in New York City urban gardens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 140-150. McGinley, R. J. 1986. Studies of Halictinae (Apoidea: Halictidae), I: Revision of New World Lasioglossum Curtis. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 429: 1-294. Miller, S. R., Gaebel, R., Mitchell, R. J. and Arduser, M. 2002. Occurrence of two species of old world bees, Anthidium manicatum and A. oblongatum (Apoidea: Megachilidae), in northern Ohio and southern Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist 35: 65— 70. 4] Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011 Mitchell, T. B. 1960. Bees of the eastern United States. Volume I. North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletinl41: 1-538. Packer, L. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium species-group (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): sociobiological and taxonomic implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 1611—1621. Paiero, S. M. and Buck, M. 2004 [2003]. First Canadian records of the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith, and other introduced and native Megachilidae and Andrenidae (Apoidea) from Ontario. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 134: 141-143. Pitts-Singer, T. L. and Cane, J. H. 2011. The Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee, Megachile rotundata: the world’s most intensively managed solitary bee. Annual Review of Entomology 56: 221-237. Provancher, L. 1882. Faune Canadienne. Les insectes hyménoptéeres. Le Naturaliste Canadien 13: 225-242. Rehan, S. M. and Sheffield, C. S. 2011. Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa 2873: 35—S0. Richards, M. H., Rutgers-Kelly, A., Gibbs, J., Vickruck, J. L., Rehan, S. M. and Sheffield, C. S. 2011. Bee diversity in naturalizing patches of Carolinian grasslands in southern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 143: 279-299. Romankova, T. G. 2003. Ontario nest-building bees of the tribe Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 134: 85-89. Romankova, T. G. 2007. Bees of the genus Hylaeus of Ontario (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 138: 137-154. Rust, R. W. 1974. The systematic and biology of the genus Osmia, subgenera Osmia, Chalcosmia, and Cephalosmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology 32: 1-93. Sheffield, C. S. 2008. Summer bees for spring crops? Potential problems with Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as a pollinator of lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 81: 276—287. Sheffield, C. S., Kevan, P. G., Smith, R. F., Rigby, S. M. and Rogers, R. E. L. 2003. Bee species of Nova Scotia, Canada, with new records and notes on bionomics and floral relations (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76: 357-384. Sheffield, C. S., Kevan, P. G., Westby, S. M. and Smith, R. F. 2008. Diversity of cavity- nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) within apple orchards and wild habitats in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 140: 235-249. Sheffield, C. S., Richards, M. and Griswold, T. 2010. Discovery of the Old World bee, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 141: 85—92. Sheffield, C. S., Ratti, C., Packer, L. and Griswold, T. (in press) Leafcutter and mason bees of the genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification. Smith, I. P. 1991. Anthidium manicatum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), an interesting new 42 Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011 Canadian record. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 122:105— 108. Snelling, R. R. 1970. Studies on North American bees of the genus Hylaeus. 5. The subgenera Hylaeus, s. str. and Paraprosopis (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Los Angeles County Museum, Contributions in Science 180: 1—59. Snelling, R. R. 1983. Studies on North American bees of the genus Hy/aeus 6. An adventive Palearctic species in southern California (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 82: 12-16. Strange, J. P., Koch, J. B., Gonzalez, V. H., Nemelka, L. and Griswold, T. 2011. Global invasion by Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): assessing potential distribution in North America and beyond. Biological Invasions i 2115-2133. Tonietto, R. K. and Ascher, J. S. 2008. Occurrence of the old world bee species Hylaeus hyalinatus, Anthidium manicatum, A. oblongatum, and Megachile sculpturalis, and the native species Coelioxys banksi, Lasioglossum michiganense, and L. zohops in Illinois (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 41: 200-203. Toro, H., Frederick, Y. and Henry, A. 1989. Hylaeinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a new sub-family of bees for the Chilean fauna. Acta Entomologica Chilena 15: 201— 204. Westrich, P. 1990. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wiirttembergs, Teil 2, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. pp. 437-972. Wilson, E. O. 1999. The Diversity of Life. New Edition. W.W. 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CONTENTS T, FROM THEE ERP OUR ic scscscoxsovusa-sonicnsscoesmnsionpnecotiandaniateneendiacegimaatnana 1 Il. ARTICLES P. G. MASON, H. GOULET and N. BOSTANIAN — Effect of harvest on Euphorine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitism of Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Hemiptera: Miridac) bmn elf allt...cccscssnsnccsinsnssnnersstesiiniinaicanlspiamiioaiiaaainienitiaaianalapestialaiinin 3-10 H. DOUGLAS — New records of European wireworm pests and other click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Canada and USA.........s.scccssssscessssscsssenscsnceeeee nhninthsiidhicceiiiiaeinensiascbidasedeiaaa 11-17 D. BERESFORD — Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park, Ontario, with new FOCOT (IR ...crio......ccccscescserevecscsssscevenesovecensenssquantesnssenessoosecsabensenl 49-52 C.S. SHEFFIELD and P. H. 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