MEW VO-' 3mxm\ of tf)e ll^ortuultural Society of i^eto |9orfe Vol. II, No. 1 ^^^mff^^M MAY, 1914 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The International Flower Show, with six illustrations i Sweet Pea Exhibition 8 Proceedings of the Society: February 21, 1914 9 March 28, 1914 9 April 25, 1914 II May 9, 1914, Annual Meeting n Fourteenth Annual Report of the Council 13 Treasurer's Statement, ending May 9, 1914 16 Membership, May 9, 1914 17 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA, LfBRARY of ti^e '^^^'^ Horticultural ^octetj of J^eto ©orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol. II, No. I Quarterly MAi, 1^14 By subscription $1.00 per year THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The month of March, in the year 19 14, marks an important period in the history of the society. In this month, from the twenty-first to the twenty-ninth, was held the first large spring show, in the management of which the society participated. Under the auspices of The Horticultural Society of New York and the New York Florists' Club, in cooperation with the American Rose Society, the American Carnation Society, and the American Sweet Pea Society, was given one of the largest and most attrac- tive exhibitions ever held in this country. It was not only an artistic but also a financial success. All are to be congratulated on the happy outcome — those who gave their time and energy in arranging for the exhibition and providing for the many details, and the many exhibitors, both private and commercial, who made the show an artistic success by contributing superb examples of plants and flowers. The exhibition was given under the following patronage : Mrs. John Purroy Mitchell Mrs. W. De Lancey Kountze Mrs. Edmond Baylies Mrs. De Lancey Kane Mrs. August Belmont Mrs. J. F. D. Lanier Mrs. R. L. Beeckman Mrs. Ogden Mills Miss Beeckman Miss Newbold Mrs. Lloyd Bryce Mrs. F. K. Polk lf2 Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler Mrs. F. K. Pendleton ^ Mrs. Lewis S. Chanler Mrs. Edmund Randolph Mrs. Henry Clews Miss Sands CD v.:-^ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Wm. A. Delano Mrs. J. B. Duke Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish Mrs. Richard Gambrill Mrs. F. G. Griswold -Mrs. Austen Gray Mrs. Ogden Goelet Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Mrs. Archer Huntington Mrs. T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. Ernest Iselin Mrs. C. Oliver Iselin ]\Irs. Richard Irwin ]\Irs. Artliur Curtiss James Mrs. James Speyer Mrs. Fred F. Thompson Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Mrs. Payne Whitney Mrs. Whitney Warren Mrs. Henry C. Frick Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Mrs. Charles H. Senff Mrs. A. M. Coats Mrs. Henry \'an Rensselaer Kennedy Mrs. James Roosevelt Mrs. William E. Glyn Mrs. D. Willis James The flower show committee was constituted as follows : F. R. Pierson, Frederic R. Newbold, Patrick O'Mara, Joseph A. Manda, James Stuart, George V. Nash. X. L. Britton, and Theodore A. Havemeyer. representing The Horticultural Society of New York ; and Chas. H. Totty, W. A. Manda, William Duckham, Frank H. Traendly, Wallace R. Pierson. Julius Roehrs, Jr., and John Young, representing the New York Florists' Club. Mr. Pierson was elected chairman, Mr. Newbold treasurer, and Mr. Young secre- tary. Mr. Pierson made a very efficient chairman, and it is due to the personal efforts of Mr. Havemeyer and Mr. Newbold that many of the special prizes were secured. The following were donors of special prizes : Mrs. James Herman Aldrich W. T. Carrington Mrs. A. M. Coats Mrs. Wm. Coombs Mrs. Henry F. Du Pont Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish Mrs. Peter Fletcher James B. Ford Mrs. Henry C. Frick Mrs. Richard Gambrill McDougall Hawkes Mrs. Chas. F. Hoffman Mr. & Mrs. Adrian Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. D. Willis James Mrs. De Lancey Kane Mrs. Henry Van Rensselaer Kennedy Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Clement Moore J. Pierpont Morgan John J. Riker Mrs. Archibald Rogers Mrs. James Roosevelt Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Isaac N. Selisrman Mrs. Chas. H. Senff Chas. G. Thompson Mrs. F. F. Thompson Wm. B. Thompson Samuel Thorne Frederick W. Vanderbilt Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt Silver cups were donated by The Horticultural Society of New York, and by the following hotels : Astor, Biltmore, Manhattan, McAlpine, Plaza, Ritz-Carlton, St. Regis, Sherry's, Vanderbilt, Waldorf-Astoria, and Woodstock. The following special prizes were donated by those with com- mercial interests in horticulture : Arthur T. Boddington W. Atlee Burpee H. H. Charles Cut Flower Exchange Executive Committee American Rose Society Benjamin Hammond Henry & Lee Knight & Struck Co. Lord & Burnham Co. W. E. Marshall & Co. Harry O. May New York Cut Flower So. N. Y. & N. J. Association Plant Growers Wallace R. Pierson Anton Schultheis Geo. T. Schuneman Charles Schwake, Inc. J. M. Thorburn & Co. Waban Rose Conservatories Yokohama Nurserv Co. of The following medals were also offered : Toronto Horticultural Society, silver and bronze ; Mrs. Gertrude M. Hubbard, gold ; American Sweet Pea Society, silver and gold ; American Rose Society, bronze, silver and gold ; The Horticultural Society of New York, bronze, silver and gold; Lord & Burnham Co.. gold. The New Grand Central Palace was adorned as it had never been adorned before. The large central portion of the main floor and extensive areas in the gallery were reserved for competitive exhibits, the commercial exhibits being placed along the walls. The tall stately columns added a dignity to the scene not otherwise attainable. Southern smilax was unsed extensively in the decora- tions, relieving the masses of light color which might otherwise 3 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF KEW YORK have been too glaring. Delightful views of the exhibits on the main floor could be had from the gallery, each view-point dis- closing a new efifect. The beauty and magnitude of this exhibit could only be appreciated fully from this vantage point. Space will not permit a detailed account of the many and varied exhibits, nor of the many prize-winners, only the more con- spicuous can be alluded to. Section A comprised exhibits by private growers of plants in flower. Here were amaryllises, azaleas, begonias, cinerarias in quantity, superb displays of cyclamens, hydrangeas, primroses, rhododendrons, and schizanthus, among many others. One of the notable exhibits in this class was a group of flowering and foliage stove and greenhouse plants, arranged for efifect, covering loo square feet, exhibited by Mr. W. B. Thompson, of Yonkers, N. Y. An illustration of this is produced here, the winner of the first prize. An arch tastefully decorated with rambler roses, and many foliage plants and plants in flower formed the picture. Section B was for the same kinds of plants for commercial growers. One of the most striking exhibits here was a collection of superb azalea plants exhibited by the Julius Roehrs Co., com- prising two classes, each of which took the first prize. Another exhibit out of the ordinary was a collection of the genera Erica, Epacris and Boronia, exhibited by the Knight & Struck Co. The group of flower and foliage stove and greenhouse plants, covering 200 square feet, exhibited by the Julius Roehrs Co., secured the first prize in this class, the silver cup of The Horticultural So- ciety of New York, valued at $150.00. Section C covered exhibits of palm and foliage plants by private growers, while section D included the same plants for commercial growers. A magnificent specimen of Pandaniis Sanderiana, ex- hibited by Mr. John Wanamaker, a first prize winner, was a strik- ing feature here. Sections F and G w^ere for ferns, the former for exhibits by private growers, the latter for commercial. Many specimen plants were exhibited by private growers, among the first-prize winners being Mrs. H. Willis James, Mrs. J. B. Trevor, and Wm. Ziegler, Jr. Section H was for exhibits of bulbous plants by private growers, 4 Q (U -. ^, aj THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK while section I performed the same service for commercial grow- ers. On long tables in the gallery was a superb display of hya- cinths, narcissus and tulips by private growers. Sections J and K included exhibits of orchid plants, for private and commercial grows respectively. The orchid display was notable, one of the finest ever given in the city. Among the private growers I\Ir. Clement Moore took a prominent place with extensive exhibits, securing a number of first prizes. Among the commercial growers the Julius Roehrs Co. took first prize for a collection of lOO plants in variety, arranged for effect. There were many superb specimens in this collection, not only well- grown plants, but many rare species and hybrids. Sections L and ^M were for cut orchids. Mr. ]\Ioore was again a prominent first-prize winner here, among the prizes being a silver cup for the best display of 25 vases. The displays of roses were made with the cooperation and under the management of the American Rose Society. Sections N to Q comprised the rose exhibits. There were large displays in pots or tubs. Among these was a magnificent collection of rambler roses, including some new seedlings, by Air. M. H. Walsh, of Woods Hole, Mass. Excellent specimens of old-time favorites, such as Hiawatha, Dorothy Perkins. Lady Gay, were among these, and none of them was more striking or more attractive than Hiawatha. It was a glowing spot of color. Monday, the 23d, was rose day, when the cut blooms were exhibited. There was a glorious display of all the old time favo- rites, and of some new ones. They were shown in the gallery and were a great center of attraction. Exquisite blooms of Killarney, both pink and white, of Killarney Queen, and of the latest sport from this popular rose, Killarney Brilliant, intense in color, were there. Sunburst and Lady Hillingdon were the striking yellows. Great masses of American Beauty made fragrant the air with their rich perfume. My Alaryland added its charm, and many others went to make this one of the most notable displays of cut roses ever seen in this city. Tuesday, the 24th, was carnation day. The exhibits were made with the cooperation and under the management of the American Carnation Society. They were given the place of honor on the 5 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK gallery, the roses being removed to another part of the same gallery. This display will long be remembered. Wednesday, the 25th, was sweet pea day, the exhibits made with the cooperation and under the management of the American Sweet Pea Society. This delightful flower has a firm hold upon the afifections of the public, as was demonstrated by the attention the exhibits attracted. The development in this flower is wonder- ful, even when one looks back but a few years. All colors, in in- numerable shades, may now be had in this flower, known as the " poor man's orchid." Thursday, the 26th, was the day assigned for the rose display. Large prizes were offered for a display of cut roses. Two ex- hibits contended for the honor of first place, the judges finally awarding this coveted position to A. N. Pierson Inc., of Crom- well, Ct., the competition being very close. The second prize was awarded to the F. R. Pierson Co., of Tarrytown, N. Y. They were both magnificent displays of superb blooms. The displays were placed in the center of the hall on the main floor. Carnations also had a display day, Friday, the 27Lh. A superb exhibit of excellent blooms was held in the gallery, in the space formerly devoted to the general display of both roses and carnations. Under the heading of miscellaneous cut flowers were exhibited a great variety, including amaryllis, snapdragon, mignonette, pansies, and stocks. The table decorations were shown on Wednesday, the 25th, sweet pea day, and held a place of honor in the gallery. There were two classes of these, one for sweet peas, the other permitting of any flowers excepting sweet peas. A striking feature this year, and one lacking in previous exhibi- tions, was the displays made by the retail florists. These were in the commercial classes, and occupied one side of the main floor. But few of them took advantage of this great opportunity to reach a flower-loving public, but those who did must have been much gratified by the interest manifested by the public in their efforts. One of the most attractive features of the exhibition was the booth of The Horticultural Society of New York, attractive not only to the members of the society but also to the thousands of 6 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK visitors who came during the course of the show. This booth was the suggestion of Mr. T. A. Havermeyer, and was unanimously approved by the exhibition committee. The matter was left in the hands of ]\Ir. Havemeyer, who arranged with John Wanamaker to provide the booth without cost to the society. Certain items, such as the space occupied, the carpet for the floor, and the attendants, were provided by the society. That the suggestion of Mr. Havemeyer was a wise one was amply demonstrated, for the booth proved to be one of the attractions of the show. It was located in the southeast corner on the main floor. It was beauti- fully decorated inside and out. The floral decorations, aranged for by Mr. J. H. Troy, were changed repeatedly, so the booth always presented a new appearance. Facilities for correspondence were provided, and some of the latest works on practical horti- culture were displayed on the tables. Two young ladies, students at Teachers College, were engaged for the continuance of the show. They were always on hand, answering the many c|uestions by visitors who were interested in the society and its doings. The booth served as a meeting place for members of the society and their friends, in fact it was the home of the society at the show. It gave the society a very prominent position, and made it and its doings known to thousands unacquainted before with its activities. Our membership was increased by about one hundred. This new membership consisted of 3 patrons, 26 life members, and about 70 annual members, thus adding over $2,000 to the premanent fund of the society, which is now over $10,000. The accompanying illustrations will doubtless recall to many who read this the pleasant surroundings which made this booth so home-like, not only to the members of the society, but also to their many friends and the thousands of visitors who called during the exhibition. As remarked above, the show was a great success, artistically and financially, and the society is to be congratulated upon its achievement. New York at last has come into her own. She has demonstrated that she has a living interest in all that is best in horticulture, and that she is willing to back up this interest by financial support. An agreement has been again made for a spring show in 191 5, 7 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK under the same terms as last year. The Horticultural Society of New York and the New York Florists' Club acting in cooperation. The date of this exhibition is set for March 17 to 23, inclusive. All those who made the spring show of this year such a success are invited to again put their shoulder to the wheel and push, thus making of the show of 191 5 an even greater success than that of the present year. It can be done. Let us all work to this end. SWEET PEA EXHIBITION The American Sweet Pea Society will hold its annual conven- tion and exhibition as the guests of our society, at the American Museum of Natural History, with the permission of the trustees of that institution, on Saturday and Sunday, June 27 and 28. There is hardly a flower which appeals more strongly to the people than does the sweet pea. With a delicious fragrance and a great variety of colors and shades, it suits the tastes of all. This dainty flower will be here in all its beauty and charm, and all should take advantage of this opportunity to see it at its best. We cannot all afford orchids, but the sweet pea is within the reach of everyone, for they can be grown in our gardens. We can have plenty of these delightful blossoms for the picking, for the more the flowers are picked the more freely they are produced. For the successful cultivation of this flower the reader is referred to a lecture by Mr. Edwin Jenkins, delivered before the society on January 17 of the present year, and published in the Journal of the societ>' for February. This is by a practical man and an enthusiastic admirer of this flower. How to prepare the soil, methods of cultivation, the best fertilizers, mulching, hybridizing, diseases and insects and their remedies, are all touched upon by Mr. Jenkins. With these explicit directions anyone should be able to produce fine flowers. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY February 21, 1914 A meeting of the society, accompanied by an exhibition, was held on Saturday, February 21, 1914, at the American Museum of Natural History, the president presiding. The minutes of the meeting of January 17, 1914, were read and approved. The following persons, having been approved by the Council, were presented to the society for election : Annual C. F. McKenna, Mrs. W. R. Wilder, Mrs. Hugh D. Auchin- closs, Aliss Ellen King, Mrs. J. W. Cunningham, Mrs. T. H. Barber. The secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected annual members of the society. At the close of the business meeting a lecture was delivered on " Roses," by Alex Cumming, Jr. George V. Nash, Secretary. March 28, 19 14 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday. March 28, 1914, at the New Grand Central Palace, 46th St. and Lexington Ave., N. Y. City, at 4 P.M., the president presiding. The minutes of the meeting of February 21, 1914, were read and approved. The following persons, having been approved by the Council, were presented to the society for election: Patron Mrs. Chas. H. Senff Life Miss Mary S. Ames, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr., E. J. Berwind, R. L. Cottinet, Gherardi Davis, Mrs. Gherardi Davis, Amos Tuck French, Mrs. Chas. F. Hoffman, Mrs. Ernest Iselin, Oliver G. Jennings, Mrs. Pembroke Jones, Mrs. Wm. Goadby Loew, Ogden Mills, Mrs. Percy R. Pyne, Mrs. 9 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Burke Roche, Thomas Roland, Mrs. W. D. Sloane, F. W. Smythe, Mrs. French Vanderbilt, Henry Walters, Mrs. John Hobart Warren, Mrs. Payne Whitney, Mrs. M. Orme Wilson. Annual Fred Acampo, W. J. Arkell, W. C. Atwater, Mrs. W. C. Atwater, James C. Auchincloss, Hugh Birch, William Elmore Bliz-Zard, L. C. Bobbinks, Paul B. Boden, A. F. Brinckerhoff, Miss Cornelia E. Bryce, W. T. Carrington, James Chambers, Miss E. Coleman, Charles A. Dard, Mrs. H. J. Davenport, Dr. F. O. Dorman, Mrs. W. H. Doughty, Mrs. George William Douglas, Miss Lucille Edgar, R. G. Forbes, A. Galbraith, Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin, Alfred Harris, Thomas H. Heminsley, Mrs. Peter C. Hewitt, Fred Hirschhorn, Leon Israel, Miss Mary R. Jay, Pierre Jay, Dr. G. F. Jernigan, Miss Elizabeth Kean, Albert Keller, Clarence Kenyon, Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg, Albert Lahodny, Mrs. Goodhue Livingston, John H. Livingston, Jr., Miss Hilda Loines, James McLean, Mrs. E. D. Monod, Mrs. Paul Moore, Mrs. Junius S. Morgan,. J. P. Mossman, J. A. Muller, Miss C. A. Newbold, Miss Edith Newbold, Miss Mary Newbold, Miss Fanny Norris, Arthur W. Page, Mrs. Henry Parish, Jr., Wallace R. Pierson, Page F. Potter, Robert Pyle, Miss Katherine W. Reid, Samuel M. Riker, Mrs. James Gamble Rogers, W. H. Sands, Walter F. Sheridan, John W. Smith, Mrs. Henry P. Tailer, Mrs. Belmont Tiffany, B. Hammond Tracy, WiUiam W. Vert, M. H. Walsh, Mrs. F. Egerton Webb, Mrs. John E. Weeks, Mrs. F. D. Wells, Miss Edith Wetmore, E. Yeandle. The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. The following resignations were accepted with regret: Adelbert J. Smith, Benjamin F. Cromwell An announcement was made that Mrs. J. B. Trevor, formerly an annual member, had become a patron of the society by the payment of the fee conferring this title. Meeting adjourned at 4:10. George V. Nash, Secretary. 10 the horticultural society of new york April 25, 1914 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday, April 25, 1914, at 4 P.M., at the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. Southwick presiding. The minutes of the meeting of March 28, 1914, were read and approved. The names of the following persons, having been approved by the Council, were presented to the society for election : Patron Miss Emily Trevor Life Geraldyn Redmond, Russell Doubleday Annual Mrs. William S. Cowles, Miss Margaret E. Whitney, Joseph H. Bromley, Miss Aneita D. Brown. The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for the election of these persons. This was done and they were declared elected members of the society. An interesting lecture was delivered by Mr. Wm. E. Bliz-Zard, illustrated with lantern slides, on " The Artistic Value of Water in Garden Art." Meeting adjourned at 5:15. George V. Nash, Secretary. May 9, 1914 The annual meeting of the society was held on Saturday, May 9, 1914, at 3 130 P.M., in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Pierson presiding. The minutes of the meeting of April 25, 1914, were read and approved. The names of the following persons, having been approved by the Council, were presented to the society for election : 1 1 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Annual E. Kempenaar, Chas. Gardner, George Schlegel, Mrs. H. G. Cheever, R. M. Johnston. Associate Owen A. Hunwick The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. The report of the Nominating Committee, having been accepted by the Council and referred to the society, was submitted. The report follows : President T. A. Havemeyer N. L. Britton Patrick O'Mara Vice-presidents George T. Powell Samuel Thorne James Wood Treasurer Frederic R. Newbold Secretary George V. Nash Council Arthur T. Boddington Robt. T. Brown John Canning Percy Chubb R. L. Cottinet J. W. Cromwell M. C. Ebel I. S. Hendrickson John E. Lager J. A. Manda E. S. Miller Clement ]\Ioore Wm. Nilsson F. R. Pierson H. A. Siebrecht E. B. Southwick James Stuart bias. H. Totty J. H. Troy Wm. Tricker Samuel Untermyer Wm. Ziegler, Jr. 12 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK After being moved, seconded and carried, it was resolved to approve the action of the Council and accept the report. The secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for the nominees named in the above report. This was done and the nominees declared elected to the several offices. Dr. X. L. Britton was re-elected delegate to represent the society on the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences for the ensuing year. The meeting adjourned at 3 :45. George V. Nash, Secretarx. FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL Presexted May 9, 19 14 The fourteenth year of the society and the twelfth of its incor- poration, now just completed, have been the most successful in the history of the society. Not only has its membership been greatly enlarged but its usefulness has been greatly increased by the much larger field it has been able to cover in the world of horticulture. Eight exhibitions were held during the year, those from May to September in the IMuseum building, New York Botanical Garden, on Saturdays and Sundays ; the remainder, with the exception of the spring show% at the American Museum of Natural History. May 10 and 11, 1913. Held in connection with the annual meeting. June 7 and 8. A very successful exhibition, mainly of peonies and roses. July 5 and 6. For miscellaneous flowers and vegetables. September 6 and 7. Galdiolus exhibition. October 31 to November 4, 1913, Friday to Tuesday. This was the annual fall exhibition, held, as usual, at the American Museum of Natural History by permission of the trustees of that insti- tution. The usual private view was afforded the evening of the first day to the members of the society, the Museum, and affiliated 13 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK organizations. The attendance was even greater than that of the previous year, totaHng 167,503, over 30,000 more than that of 1912. Ninety-three members contributed to the special fund neces- sary to defray the expenses of this exhibition. A detailed account of the exhibition will be found in the Journal for November. The annual meeting and convention of the National Association of Gardeners was held during the progress of the show, upon the invitation of the society. January 17, 1914. Arranged mainly for orchids, carnations, and sweet peas. Februrary 21, 1914. Arranged for roses, carnations and orchids. March 21 to 28, 19 14. International Flower Show. In accord- ance with agreement, this was held in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club. It was an artistic and financial success. A detailed account of this, the largest exhibition ever undertaken by the society, will appear in the Journal. The Horticultural Society maintained a booth, and it was one of the most attractive features of the exhibition. It was the meeting place of members and their friends, and proved very popular. Many members of the society expressed their delight at it. It gave the society a commanding position in the exhibition, and made it known to a large attendance. In addition to the wide-spread publicity thus attained, there resulted a great increase in membership. Four patrons, 24 life members, and 70 annual members were added during the continu- ance of the exhibition, and others are still coming in as a result. The premiums of the exhibitions from May to September were ofifered by the New York Botanical .Garden, to be awarded by the exhibition committee of the Council of The Horticultural Society of New York. There were ten meetings of the society, those from May to September at the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, those from November to February and that of April at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, and that for March at the New Grand Central Palace, during the progress of the international flower show. They were as follows, all accompanied by exhibi- tions, excepting those of December and April: May 10, 191 3. Annual meeting, with election of officers and 14 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK members of the Council. A lecture occurred on this date in the Garden course by Dr. M. A. Howe, on " Some Pacific Coast Seaweeds." June 7, 1913. A lecture in the Garden course was delivered by Dr. N. L. Britton, on " Summer Wild Flowers about New York." July 5, 1913. With a lecture on the Garden course, on " The Hempstead Plains : a Natural Eastern Prairie," by Mr. Norman Taylor. September 6, 191 3. On this date there was a lecture by Dr. F. J. Seaver, on " Shade Trees and their Enemies." November i, 19 13. A business meeting only was held. December 13, 1913. A lecture by Mr. Geo. \\ Nash, on " Some Phases of the Fruit Industry in the Northwest." January 17, 1914. Lecture by Mr. Edwin Jenkins, on " Sweet Peas." February 21, 1914. Lecture by Mr. Alex Cuming, Jr., on " Roses." March 28, 1914. Held during the progress of the International Flower Show. A business meeting only. April 25, 1914. Lecture by Mr. Wm. E. Bliz-Zard, on " The Artistic Value of Water in Garden Art." There were twelve meetings of the Council, one preceding each meeting of the society, and two others, one a special meeting held on May 17 to confer with a committee of the New York Florists' Club in reference to the holding of a spring show in 1914. The Journal has been issued as follows: no. 16, July 1913, 20 pages; no. 17, November 1913, 16 pages and six plates; no. 18, February 1914, 14 pages ; making a total of 50 pages and 6 plates. The date of publication was advanced one month, beginning with no. 17. This seemed advisable, as it brings an issue in the month of the annual meeting and of the fall show, giving thus an im- mediate opportunity to chronicle the proceedings of these two important events. The membership of the society is now 590, divided as follows : patrons, 6; sustaining members, 2; life members, 137; annual members, 445. The total of new members during the year is 179, of which 4 are patrons, 40 life members, and 135 annual members. The losses in membership are as follows: by death, 11, of which 15 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK 4 were life members, resignation, ii ; dropped on account of non- payment of dues, 4; total, 26. This leaves a net gain for the year of 153 : 4 patrons, 2)^ life members, and 113 annual members. One annual member, Mrs. J. B. Trevor, became a patron by the payment of the fee of $250.00. An invitation was extended to the American Sweet Pea Society to hold its summer exhibition with us this year. This invitation was accepted, and the exhibition will be held at the American Museum of Natural History on the last Saturday and Sunday in June, the 27th and 28th. One of the important occurrences of the year was the establish- ment of the first special fund of the society. This was established by Mrs. Wm. Barr, of West Orange, N. J., in memory of her husband, who was a great lover of flowers, giving freely of his influence and ability to promote the welfare of horticulture. It is known as the William Barr Fund. The interest is to be used in defraying prizes for flowers. A list of the membership, and also a report of the treasurer are appended to this report. George V. Nash, F. R. Pierson, Secretary. Chairman. TREASURER'S STATEMENT For the year ending May 9, 1914 General Fund Receipts Expciidifiircs Balance in bank, May, 1913 $ 536-50 Petty cash, Secretary .... $ 220.00 Sale of publications 8.00 Pgtty cast, Treasurer .... 90.74 Donations to special fund Printing account, Journal for November show . . . 1,469.00 ^^^ schedules 657.06 Annual dues 2,072.50 Cost of booth at spring $4,086.00 flower show 235.32 Prizes account 1,429.05 Salary of Secretary 500.00 Medals account 262.37 Expense account 359-90 Vases account 180.18 Balance in bank 151-38 $4,086.00 16 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Permanent Fund Life Fund, May, 1913 .. $ 7,149-79 In Broadway Savings 3 patrons, 39 life and i Inst., 3^ per cent $ 1,574.15 sustaining 2,725.00 In Poughkeepsie Savings Interest account : Bank, 4 per cent 1,020.00 Steel dividends $350.00 William Barr Fund, Savings banks. 78.12 428.12 Poughkeepsie Savings William Barr Fund .... 500.00 ^ank, 4 per cent 510.C0 ■ 5; — 5 50 shares U. S. Steel $10,802.91 ^ ' ^ Corp. Pfd. Stock, at cost 5,761.26 Balance in Astor Trust Company i,937oO $10,802.91 Frederic R. Newbold, Treasurer. MEMBERSHIP May 9, 1 9 14 Patrons Barr, Mrs. William Senff, Mrs. Chas. H. Huntington, Archer M. Trevor, Miss Emily Sage, Mrs. Russell Trevor, Mrs. J. B. Chanler, Mrs. Louis S. Adams, Edward D. Agnew, Cornelius Rea Ames, Miss Mary S. Andrews, Constant A. Archbold, John D. Armstrong, Dr. S. T. Bacon, Mrs. Robert Baker, Mrs. George P., Jr. Bell, Mrs. Christopher M. Berwind, E. J. Billings, Miss E. Bliss, Miss Catherine A. Sustaining Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B. Life Bliss, Mrs. William H. Blumenthal, George Bowdoin, Temple Brown, George McKesson Burk, Louis Burton, F. V. Callender, W. R. Cammann, Miss K. L. Campbell, Mrs. Ina Chapin, Chester W. Chapin, S. B. Chubb, Percy 17 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Colgate, W. Constable, Mrs. F. A. Conyngham, W. S. Cottinet, R. L. Cutting, Mrs. Bayard Davis, Chas. H. Davis, Gherardi Davis, Mrs. Gherardi Delafield, Mrs. John R. Delano, Eugene Dimock, Mrs. Henry F. Dodge, Mrs. Cleveland H. Doubleday, Russell Estabrook, A. F. Ford, James B. French, Amos Tuck Frothingham, H. P. Gould, Geo. J. Harkness, Mrs. Chas. W. Harkness, E. S. Harkness, Mrs. Edw. S. Harrah, Chas. J. Hawkes, Mrs. McDougall Hoffman, Mrs. Chas. H. Hoyt, Theodore R. Hubbard, Thos. H. Iselin, Adrian, Jr. Isehn, Columbus O'D. Iselin, Mrs. Ernest James, Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James, Mrs. D. Willis Jennings, Oliver G. Jones, Mrs. Pembroke Lane, Edward V. Z. Lanier, Charles Lehman, Meyer H. Lehman, S. M. Loew, Mrs. William Goadby Macdonald, Jas. A. Marshall, Louis Marwick, James McLean, Mrs. J. McMillin, Emerson Mills, A. G. Mills, Ogden Morgan, J. P. Morgan, Mrs. J. P., Jr. Morris, Newbold Mortimer, Richard, Jr. Morton, Hon. Levi P. Nesbitt, Abram G. Newbold, F. R. Nichols, Mrs. Wm. Gilman Olcott, Dudley Parker, Dr. James H. Parrish, James C. Peabody, G. F. Peters, S. T. Phipps, Henry C. Pierson, F. R. Potter, Miss B. Proctor, Frederick T. Pyne, Mrs. Percy R. Read, Wm. A. Redmond, Geraldyn Richardson, Mrs. George H. Riker, John J. Robinson, Nelson Roche, Mrs. Burke Roehrs, Julius Roland, Thomas Roosevelt, Mrs. James Sands. Daniel C. Satterlee, Herbert L. Schley, Grant B. Schwarzenbach, R. J. F. Sloane, Mrs. W. D. Smythe, F. W. 18 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Stevens, Miss Mary O. Stillman, C. C. Stokes, Miss C. Phelps Stokes, Miss O. E. P. Stone, Miss E. J. Taylor, Wm. H. Thompson, Chas. G. Thompson, Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson, Wm. B. Thorne, Samuel Tilford, H. M. Troy, J. H. Underwood, F. D. Untermyer, Samuel Vanderbilt, Mrs. French Vanderbilt, F. W. Van Emburgh, D. B. Van Gerbig, Mrs. Barend Wadsworth, W. A. Walters, Henry Warburg, Felix M. Warburg, Paul M. Warren, Mrs. John Hobart Washburn, Thos. G. Waterbury, John I. Webb, Mrs. W. Seward Webster, Hamilton Fish Webster, Mrs. Sidney Wetmore, George Peabody Whitney, Mrs. Payne Willets, Elmore A. Wilson, Mrs. M. Orme Wise, Edmond E. Woerishhoffer, Mrs. Anna Ziegler, Wm., Jr. Annual Acampo, Fred Adams, Mrs. F. T. Adams, Henry S. Agens, Frederic Girard, Sr. Agnew, Mrs. C. R. Aldrich, Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich, Mrs. Richard Alexander, Douglas Alexandre. Mrs. John E. Allien, ]\Irs. Frederick Amory, Copley Anderson, A. J. C. Anderson, Geo. S. Archer, George A. Arend, Francis J. Arents, George Arkell, W. J. Arnold, Mrs. Glover C. Atkins, F. L. Atwater, W. C. Atwater, Mrs. W. C. Auchincloss, Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss, James C. Avery, Ledyard Avery, Samuel P. Baldwin, G. E. Barber, Mrs. T. H. Barnhart, Dr. J. H. Barron, Geo. D. Barron, Leonard Baugh, Miss M. L. Bell, James Beller, Wm. F. Belmont, August Bendheim, C. D. Benson, Miss Mary 19 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Bickmore, Prof. A. S. Bieschke, A. Birch, Hugh Blair, Mrs. D. C. Blauvelt, C. D. BHss. Mrs. Walter P. Bliz-Zard, William Elmore Bloomingdale, Samuel J. Blumenthal, Hugo Bobbink, L. C. Boddington, Arthur T. Bodeu, Paul B. Bonner, G. T. Bradley, S. R. Brinckerhoff, A. F. Brinsmade, Charles Lyman Bristol, John I. D. Britton, Dr. N. L. Bromley, Jos. H. Brown, Miss Aneita D. Brown, Robert T. Brown, Mrs. S. A. Bruggerhof, F. W. Bryce, Miss Cornelia E. Bryce, Mrs. W. Bulkley, Edwin M. Bulkley, Mrs. Edwin M. Bulkley, L. Duncan Bunker, William Bunyard, Harry A. Butterworth, John Caiman, Henry L. Cammann, H. H. Cammann, Miss I. M. Campbell, James Canning, John Carrington, Wm. T. Cathcart, Miss J. R. Chambers, James Childs, John Lewis Clauson, G. C. Cleres, Valentine Coats, Mrs. Alfred M. Coffin, C. A. Coghlan, Michael Coleman, Miss E. Collier, R. J. Colon, George Edward Combe, Mrs. Wm. Conklin, Roland R. Cordes, Wm. Cordley, F. R. Cowles, Mrs. William S. Crane, F. D. Cravath, Mrs. Paul D. Crawford, Wm. Crimmins, John D. Crimmins, Airs. Thos. Cromwell, James W. Cullman, Mrs. Joseph F. Cunningham, Mrs. J. W. Curtis, G. Warrington Dard, Charles A. Darlington, H. Davenport, Mrs. H. J. Davey, Wm. Nelson Davies, J. Clarence De Forest, H. W. DeKlyn, B. F. De Lamar, J. R. Delano, Warren de Vyver, J. James Dickey, Mrs. C. D. Dietrich, C. F. Dike, Miss A. M. Dimock, Geo. E. Dorman, Dr. F. C. Doughty, Mrs. W. H. 20 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK '•J Douglas, Mrs. George William Douglas, J. Dows, David Draper, Chas. A. Du Bois, Mrs. Geo. W. Duer, Mrs. John Beverly Du Pont, Henry F. Dwight, Mrs. M. E. Eaton, Mrs. Fred'k H. Ebel, M. C. Edgar, Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar, Miss Lucille R. Ehret, George Erlanger, Abraham Erlanger, Milton S. Evarts, A. W. Eairchild, Benjamin T. Fardel, E. Farrand, Mrs. Max Farrington, Wm. Hyatt Ferguson, Mrs. Farquhar Fischer, William H. Fletcher, Mrs. Peter Forbes, R. G. Foulke, J. B. Eraser, Miss J. K. Eraser, Miss S. Grace Frissell, A. S. Frothingham, John W. Galbraith, A. Gallatin, Mrs. R. Horace Gay, J. E. Geer, Mrs. Walter Giatras, George Gibson, Robt. W. Gleason, Henry Goodier, James W. Goodwin, J. J. Gordon, W. S. Gottheil, Paul Gotthelf, Chas. Graves, G. C. Greenhut, Benedict J. Greenwood, oNIiss Eliza R. Griffin, Mrs. William Preston Griffith, Miss M. E. Griffith, Miss Susan D. Griswold, Mrs. Chester, Sr. Guernsey, H. W. Guinzburg, A. M. Haddock, John C. Hage, Daniel S. Hague, Mrs. Arnold Hall, Mrs. John H. Hamersley, Miss Catherine L. Hamersley, L. Gordon Hamilton, Miss Elizabeth Stewart Harper, Dr. R. A. Harris, Alfred Havemeyer, J. C. Havemeyer, T. A. Haven, Miss Frances A. L. Haven, Mrs. J. Woodward Hawk, Mrs. William Samuel Heminsley, Thos. H. Henderson, Chas. Hendrickson, I. S. Hess, Mrs. Wm. C. Hewitt, Mrs. Peter C. Hicks, Henry Hirschhorn, Fred Hiss, Mrs. Nelson Hitch, Mrs. Frederic Delano Hoe, Mrs. R. Hoe, Richard M. Holbrook, Mrs. Edward Holden, E. R. Howell, M. D. 21 THE-, HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Hoyt, Gerald L. Hoyt, Miss Gertrude L. Hughes, Thos. L. Hunt, Thomas Huntington, Mrs. Robert Hurrell, Henry Huyler, Coulter D. Inglis, Wm. Iselin, Mrs. Adrian Iselin, Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin, Miss Georgine Iselin, Wm. E. Israel, Leon Jacobus, Martin R. Jay, Miss Mary R, Jay, Pierre Jenkins, Alfred W. Jennings, Robt. E. Jennings, Mrs. Sidney J. Jernigan, Dr. G. F. Jesup, Mrs. Morris K. Jones, John Jones, Mrs. S. Beach Kahn, O. H. Kane, Mrs. De Lancey Kean, Miss Elizabeth Kean, Mrs. Hamilton Fish Keller. Albert Kelsey, F. W. Kenyon, Clarence King, Miss Ellen King, Miss Isabella C. Kinney, Morris Knight, Thos. Koehne, Robert Kohlman, C. Komitsch, Herman Krower, Louis Krumweide, Charles, Jr. Ladenburg, Mrs. Adolf Lager, John E. Lahodny, Albert Lawrence, Miss Margaret Levy, Emanuel Lewisohn, Adolph Lichtenstein, Paul Livingston, Mrs. Goodhue Livingston, John H., Jr. Loewi, Hugo V. Logan, Frank J. Loines, Miss Hilda Lyon, Horace D. MacDougal, Dr. D. T. MacMachen, James M. Macy, V. Everit Mager, Mrs. E. Robt. Mallory, Chas. Manda, A. J. Manda, J. A. Manda, W. A. Marsh, J. A. Marshall, Alex. L. Marshall, W. E. Marston, Edgar L. Marston, Edwin S. Massey, George Matheson, W. J. McAlpin, Dr. D. H. McCagg, Louis B. McKenna, C. F. McLean, James Merkel, Herman W. Merrill, Mrs. Payson Meyer, Edwin O. Miller, A. L. Miller, E. S'. Miller, Dr. Geo. N. Mitchell, Mrs. John ^lurray 22 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mitchell, Wm. Monod, Mrs. E. D. Montgomery, ]\Irs. W. S. Moore, Clement Moore, Mrs. Paul Moore, Mrs. Russell Wellman Morgan, Mrs. Junius S. Morgan, Wm. Fellowes Morgenthau, Mrs. G. L. Morningstar, J. Mossman, J. P. Muller, J. A. Munson, C. W. Murray, T. Myers, William S. Nash, George V. Neustadt. Mrs. S. Newbold, Miss C. A. Newbold, Miss Edith Newbold, Miss Mary Nilsson, W. Noe, Louis A. Norris, Miss Fanny Notman, George Ochs, Adolph S. O'Mara, Patrick Opdyke, Mrs. Emerson Opdyke, Wm. S. Osborn, Prof. H. Fairfield Page, Arthur W. Parish, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Paterson, Adam Paul, Mrs. G. E. Peckham, Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Pegram, Edward S. Penfold, Edmund Perkins, G. W. Phelps, Mrs. Von R. Piel, Michael Pierson, Wallace R. Piatt, Mrs. Frank H. Plump. Chas. H. Popp, P. W. Porter, A. J. Post, A. S. Potter, Page F. Powell, George T. Pryer, Charles Pulitzer, Mrs. Joseph Pulsifer, Mrs. N. T. Pyle, Robert Quincy, C. F. Reid, Miss Katherine W. Riker, Samuel M. Roberts, Miss M. M. Robertson, Miss Jennette Robinson, Theo. W. Rodewald, F. L. Rogers, Mrs. Arch'd Rogers, E. L. Rogers, Mrs. James Gamble Rolley, Thos. Rowland, Mrs. Chas. B. Rumrill, Mrs. Jas. A. Ruppert, Mrs. Jacob Rusby, Dr. H. H. Sachs, Paul J. Sands, W. H. Satterlee, Mrs. Herbert L. Schiff, Mortimer L. Schirmer, Rudolph E. Schling, Max Scott, C. W. Scott, Wm. Scrymser, James A. See, Alonzo B. Seitz, Charles E. Seligman, Isaac N. 23 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Seligman, Jefferson Sheridan, Walter F. Shillaber, Wm. Shoemaker, Henry W. Sicher, Dudley D. Siebrecht, H. A. Siebrecht, Wm. H. Simon, Franklin Simon, Theodor A. Simpson, John Boulton Simpson, Robert Sloan, Benson Bennett Smidt, Thos. Smith, Adelbert J. Smith, Frank Morse Smith, John W. Smith, Pierre J. Snow, E. G. Somers, L. H. South wick, E. B. Spingarn, J. E. Stanton, Frank McM. Stanton, J. R. Steinhardt, Jos. H. Steinway, Fred. T. Stern, Mrs. Benjamin Stern, J. Ernest Stetson, F. Lynde Stettenheim, I. M. Stevens, Alex. H. Stewart, Wm. R. Stimson, Dr. Daniel M. Stobo, Robert Strauss, Chas. Strobel, Emil L. Stroock, Joseph Struck, George F. Stuart, Jas. Sturgis, F. K. Suckley, Mrs. R. B. Sullivan, Mrs. James Taggart, Rush Tailer, E. N. Tailer, Mrs. Henry P. Talcott, James Tatum, C. A. Thorne, J. Tierney, Myles Tiffany, Mrs. Belmont Tiffany, Louis C. Totty, Chas. H. Tracy, B. Hammond Traendly, F. H. Tricker, Wm. Troescher, A. F. Tuckerman, A. Tuckerman, Miss E. Tuttle, Mrs. B. B. Untermyer, Alvin Untermyer, Mrs. Isaac Van Etten, Mrs. L. E. Van Ingen, Mrs. Edward H. Vert, William W. Von Zedlitz, Mrs. Anna M. Wales, Edward H. Walker, H. F. Walsh, M. H. Ward, C. W. Webb, Mrs. F. Egerton Webb, J. G. Weeks, Mrs. John E. Wells, Mrs. F. D. Wells, Oliver J. Westcott, Mrs. Robert E. Wetmore, Miss Edith Wheelock, Mrs. G. G. White, W. A. Whitman, Mrs. Alfred A. 24 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Whitney, Miss Margaret S'. Wood, Mrs. Cynthia A. Wilbour, Miss Theodora Wood, Mrs. C. B. Wilder, Mrs. W. R. Wood, James WilHs, W. P. Wright, Mrs. J. Hood Wills, Chas. T. Yeandle, E. Wilson, Andrew Young, Mrs. A. Murray Wilson, Geo. T. Young, John Wilson, M. Orme Zoller, Charles Witherbee, F. S. ' Zvolanek, A. C. Witherbee, Mrs. F. S. 25 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL SAMUEL THORNE JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y, City Council Bx-Officio Hemben THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Elected Membcra F. R. PIERSON, Chairman ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON E. S. MILLER ROBT. T. BROWN CLEMENT MOORE JOHN CANNING W. NILSSON PERCY CHUBB H. A. SIEBRECHT R. L. COTTINET E. B. SOUTHWICK J. W. CROMWELL JAMES STUART M. C. EBEL CHAS. H. TOTTY I. S. HENDRICKSON J. H. TROY JOHN E. LAGER WM. TRICKER J. A. MANDA SAMUEL UNTERMYER WILLIAM ZIEGLER, Jr. Journal of tljc J^orticultural feocietp of J^eto Porfe Vol. II, No. 2 ^^^mm^^m august, 1914 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The Fall Exhibition 27 Exhibitions : May, 1914 28 June, 1914 29 August, 1914 30 Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents 30 Proceedings of the Society : June 6, 1914 34 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural ^ocietj? of J^eto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol. II, No. 2 oSy AUGUST, 1914 Issued AITHI I5T 1 Q 1 A Free to Members By subscription $1.00 per year THE FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition, as announced in the schedule sent to all members a few weeks ago, will be held at the American Museum of Natural History October 30 to November 3, and, as usual, will be free to the public. It will be open on the evening of Friday, October 30, from 7 to 10, especially for the members of the society, the Museum, and afifiliated organizations. On Sat- urday, Monday, and Tuesday, October 31 and November 2 and 3, it will be open from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. and 7 to 10 P.M., and on Sunday, November i, from i to 5 F.M. The prizes have been increased over those of last year in a number of the classes, especially for the bush chrysanthemums and orchids, thus considerably increasing the total. The great expense entailed in moving the large bush plants, and the great value of orchid plants seemed to make this increase only just and right. The society's silver cup, valued at v$ioo, is offered as a sweep- stake prize this year for the finest and best bush plant exhibited. A third prize, the only exception in the schedule, has been offered in the class for twelve vases of chrysanthemums, twelve varieties, three blooms of each, stems eighteen inches long. The three prizes of '$50, $35 and ^1$ should bring out a strong competition in this class. It has also been attempted to more clearly define the sort of sprays required in exhibitions of pompons, singles and anemones. The spray must be terminal and must have not less than five flowers. 27 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The premiums for a group of stove and greenhouse plants, ar- ranged for effect, have also been increased over those of last year. This applies also to bay trees and to specimen palms. It is hoped that these increased premiums will bring out a stronger competi- tion in these classes. Artistic groups of stove and greenhouse plants form one of the most attractive features at exhibitions of this kind. In the orchid classes emphasis has been placed upon plants in bloom rather than upon cut flowers, as the former make a much better showing. We want to make this exhibition better even than that of last year, and if we all put our shoulder to the wheel and push this can be done. EXHIBITIONS These were held in the Museum building. New York Botanical Garden, on Saturdays and Sundays during May, June and August, one each month, that for July being omitted. They were free to the public, and were open on Saturdays from 2 to 5 and on Sundays from 10 to 5. They have been well attended, espe- cially on Sundays. At the close of the exhibitions such flowers as were in good condition were given to hospitals and other like institutions. May The exhibition for this month was held on May 9 and 10. Prizes were offered for both cut flowers and plants. Among the former were herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees, tulips, narcissus, wild flowers, and orchids. Among plants premiums were offered for pelargoniums and calceolarias. The first prize for a collection of the flowers of herbaceous plants went to Mrs. L. S. Chanler, Tuxedo Park, N. Y., E. Wil- son, gardener. This was a most interesting collection, including a number of alpine forms. The first prize for a collection of the flowers of shrubs and trees went to Mr. G. D. Barron, Rye, N. Y., Jas. Linane, gardener. Mr. Barron also took the first prize for a collection of narcissus flowers, Mrs. Chanler second. A collec- 28 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK tion of twenty-fonr vases of cut orchids gave the first prize to Lager & Hurrell. Mrs. F. A. Constable, JMamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gar- dener, secured first prize for six pots of pelargoniums, and also first prize for six pots of calceolarias, the second for calceolarias going to Mr. L. C. Tiffany, Oyster Bay, N. Y., John Miller, gardener. Special prizes were awarded as follows : Miss M. T. Cockcroft, Saugatuck, Conn., Adam Paterson, gardener, silver medal, for twelve vases of sweet peas; Mr. Wm. B. Thompson, Yonkers, N. Y., R. M. Johnston, gardener, for a fine plant of calceolaria, cash. The judges were J. A. Manda, Wm. Tricker, and E. S. Miller. June This exhibition was held on the 6 and 7. It was primarily for peonies. Prizes were also offered for hardy roses, the flowers of shrubs and trees, rhododendrons and azaleas, herbaceous plants, irises cut orchids, and for orchid plants. Among the peonies, the Cottage Gardens Co, took first prizes for three white, three light pink, three rose, three crimson, and a collection of singles. For the largest and best collection, not less than six flowers of each variety, the first prize was awarded to Cedar Hill, A. Lahodny, gardener. The first prize for a collec- tion of irises went to John Lewis Childs. Mr. Clement Moore, Hackensack, N. J., J. P. Mossman, gar- slener, won first prizes for six, three and one orchid plants. He also won second prize for a collection of cut orchid blooms. Lager & Hurrell first. A special cash prize was awarded to Messrs. Siebrecht ^ Son for a fine plant of Bougainviliaea. The New York Botanical Garden made displays, not for com- petition, of the flowers of hardy herbaceous plants, irises, shrubs and trees, and peonies. Owing to the lateness of the season there were no exhibits of roses. The peonies for the same reason were late, so the exhibi- tion was not as large as that of last season. The judges were Leonard Barron and George V. Nash. 29 the horticultural society of new york August This exhibition was held on the 15th and i6th. It was planned for gladioli mainly, with a few prizes for montbretias. For the largest and best collection of gladioli the first prize was awarded to Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, Glen Head, N. Y., A. Lahodny, gardener, for a collection of fifty-seven kinds in fifty-two vases, John Lewis Childs taking the second with a collection of forty- six vases. For a collection of twelve varieties, three spikes of each, John Lewis Childs secured first prize. He also won the first prize for a vase of twenty-five white, with Snow King, and second for a vase of twenty-five pink, with Fascinator, the first for this class going to Mrs. De Lancy Kane, New Rochelle, N. Y., Hugh Lyons, gardener, for a vase of America. The above prizes were all in the open-to-all classes. In the non-commercial classes Mr. T. A. Havemeyer won first prize for the best six kinds, two spikes of each, with, among others, Schwaeken, Mme. Monnet Sully, Gross furstin Elizabeth, Niagara, and Bardenia. He also took first prize for the best vase of white, six spikes, with Zephelin, and for the best vase of pink, with Panama. A special cash prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable, Jas. Stuart, gardener, for a vase of cut blooms of Helianthus rigidus Miss Willmott. The New York Botanical Garden made exhibits of the flowers, not for competition, of shrubs, thirty-three kinds, and hardy her- baceous plants, nineteen kinds. Also a collection of shrubs in fruit, sixty kinds, which attracted much attention. A collection of orchid plants was also exhibited by the same institution. The judges were Jas. Stuart and George V. Nash. CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSO- CIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS The Sixteenth Annual Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents was held at Newburgh, N. Y., and New York City, August 24 to 27, inclusive. It was one of the most successful conventions in the history of the association, the at- 30 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK tendance being large, with representatives from many parts of the United States and Canada. The headquarters at Newburgh were at the Palatine Hotel, in New York City at the Hotel Astor. The membership registration was 72, which, with the guests, made a total attendance of about 150. On Monday evening a meeting of the association was held in the Y. M. C. A. building at Newburgh. The Mayor delivered a hearty address of welcome, followed by another address by Park Commissioner Belknap. President Richards made an appropriate response in the name of the association. After the transaction of certain business, a most interesting paper on the work and life of Andrew Jackson Downing was read by Prof. F. A. Waugh, of Amherst, Mass. Pie made the " father of landscape gardening in America " a real personage to many of us. This was followed by a paper on " The Preservation of Natural Woodlands under Park Conditions," by Mr. Ogelsby Paul, landscape gardener, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. Mr. Paul was unable to be pres- ent on account of illness, so Mr. H. W. Merkel consented to read the paper. Tuesday was a day of sight-seeing. An early morning visit to Mt. Beacon, famous in Revolutionary times, started the day. This lies across the river, and from it a magnificent view of the Hudson and its valley is obtained. This was followed by a drive in automobiles through the city, visiting its important points, both historical and horticultural, including the home of Downing. At the close of this inspection the party proceeded in autos to Tuxedo Park, about twenty-five miles distant, where they were enter- tained at luncheon by Mrs. E. H. Harriman, at the Tuxedo Inn. After luncheon a drive through Tuxedo Park was enjoyed by all. On the return a visit was paid to the estate of Mrs. Harriman at Arden. This is located on the top of the mountain and commands a magnificent view of the valley. It is reached by a tortuous road which afifords many views of the peaceful valley below. The autos were furnished by Mr. W. H. Coldwell, one of the park com- missioners in Newburgh and his many friends. Mr. Coldwell and his associates were indefatigable in their endeavors to make all feel at home and to give each and every one a royal time. That they succeeded fully in this would be attested by all who were fortunate enough to be present at this memorable gathering. 31 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Tuesday evening a reception was tendered to the association by the citizens of Newburgh at the Coldwell Lawn Mower Plant. One floor of the building was cleared of all semblance to a manu- facturing plant and was tastefully decorated for the occasion. On Wednesday the association was the guest of the Hon. Geo. W. Perkins, president of the Interstate Park Commission. As his guests we were taken down the Hudson in a specially char- tered boat, the Albion. A stop of an hour was made at West Point. At Bear ]\Iountain a stop was made for luncheon, as the guest of Mr. Perkins, who, later, gave an address in which he outlined the work of development of this vast Interstate Park. Thousands of acres have been acquired, much of it by gift from Mrs. E. H. Harriman, and millions of dollars donated to this pur- pose. He explained that much land had already been secured, that more was under negotiation, but that there was still desirable land to be acquired. Much more funds than are now in hand will be required to carry out the plans of the Interstate Park Commission, and it would seem that money could not be put to better use than to further this vast scheme which contemplates a pleasure ground and breathing spot for thousands, not only in New York Cit}^ but from all parts of the state and country. The park extends from the Palisades to Newburgh, embracing terri- tory in both New York and New Jersey. It was impressive, and particularly gratifying in these times of warfare, to sail down this beautiful river, and to realize that steps were now under way to preserve for all time, and for all the people, this magnificent water front, with much of the back-lying land also. Great plans are under way for driveways and paths to open the region up to the people, but this requires ample funds, not only for construc- tion, but also for maintenance afterward. Much has already been accomplished in the neighborhood of Bear Mountain, where roads and paths have been constructed, docks built, and a restaurant established. A boat makes daily trips to and from New York City, the excursion fair only fifty cents, with a stay of three and a half hours in that delightful region. I was informed that a fair daily average attendance might be placed at 2,500, while some days as many as 6,000 people were on the grounds. Access may also be had by automobile. Camping facilities are also contemplated in this great plan, and 32 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK what a glorious country in which to camp ! It does seem that this great project deserves the support of all, and everyone should help, be his influence great or small, to push the thing through. ]\Ir. Perkins is certainly deeply interested in the development, as was evidenced in the enthusiasm of his talk, and is giving much time and thought to the work. A stay of two hours brought us to the time of departure, and the trip was continued down the river, reaching New York about seven. Thursday was devoted to an inspection of parks and other in- teresting places in New York City. After addresses of welcome by city officials at the Hotel Astor, the party proceeded in auto- mobiles, furnished by the city and the Fifth Avenue Stage Co., through Central Park, Riverside Drive, and Van Cortlandt Park. A drive was taken through the grounds of the New York Botan- ical Garden, a car, bearing the flag of that institution, meeting the party at the entrance and leading the way. A part of the trip through the grounds was on foot through the Hemlock Forest, the most southerly extension of this tree, as a grove, along the Atlantic seaboard. At the conclusion of the drive through the grounds the party proceeded to the New York Zoological Park, where the associa- tion and its guests were entertained at luncheon. A portion of the time spent here was employed in an inspection of some of its principal features. The day was finished by a long automobile ride to the southern part of the city, taking in a portion of Central Park on the way. The river was crossed at the Brooklyn Bridge and the drive con- tinued through Brooklyn, inspecting some of the parks of that borough, including Prospect Park, and terminating at Coney Island, w^here the sixteenth annual convention came to an end. Thus concluded an inspection of one of the largest park sys- tems in the world, and one of the largest and best equipped bo- tanical gardens and zoological parks. The next meeting of the Association will be at San Francisco next year, the time to be decided upon later. The new president of the association is ]\Ir. Gustav X. Amrhyn, superintendent of parks, New Haven, Conn., and the new secretary-treasurer is Mr. R. W. Cotterill, secretary of the park board of Seattle, Wash. 33 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY June 6, 1914 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday, Jnne 6, 1914, at 3 : 30 P.M., in the Museum building, New York Botanical Gar- den, the president presiding. The minutes of the meeting of May 9, 19 14, were read and approved. The names of the following persons were presented to the so- ciety for action as to membership : Annual Mrs. Willis Sharpe Kilmer, Lewis Iselin, Frederick Schultz, and Frank Gledgl. The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and they were declared elected annual members of the society. Adjournment was taken at 3:45. George V. Nash, Secretary. 34 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL SAMUEL THORNE JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Council Ex-Ofl&cio Members THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Elected Members F. R. PIERSON, Chairman ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON E. S. MILLER ROBT. T. BROWN CLEMENT MOORE JOHN CANNING . W. NILSSON PERCY CHUBB H. A. SIEBRECHT R. L. COTTINET E. B. SOUTHWICK J. W. CROMWELL JAMES STUART M. C EBEL CHAS. H. TOTTY I. S. HENDRICKSON WM. TRICKER JOHN E. LAGER J. H. TROY J. A. MANDA SAMUEL UNTERMYER WILLIAM ZIEGLER, Jr. Journal of ti)e J^ortitultural &otietp aifim |9orfe xz I TT XT o «^-.^^^ii«™2.^ NOVEMBER, Vol. II, No. 3 ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ 1914 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Face The Fall Exhibition, with five plates 35 List of Contributors to the Special Fund 43 The Dahlia Exhibition 43 Proceedings of the Society: September a6, 1914 45 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THB NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. LIPI?ARY rORK L journal of ti^e Horticullural ^octetp of jBleto ©orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol. II, No. 3 Quarterly NOVEMBER, 1914 By subscription $1.00 per year THE FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition was held October 30 to November 3 in the American Museum of Natural History, in cooperation with that institution, under permission of its trustees. A private view was given of the exhibits to the societ3^ the museum, and affiliated organizations, on Friday evening, October 30. The re- mainder of the time the exhibition was open free to the public from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. and from 7 to 10 P.M., excepting on Sun- day, when it was open from i to 5 P.M. Following the experi- ence of other exhibitions this fall, owing to the unusual conditions jjrevailing, this exhibition was not as large nor as well attended as that of last year. The ter-centenary and an important election interfered with the attendance, which was 82,080, divided as fol- lows: Friday evening, the private view, 3,758; Saturday, 15,310; Sunday, 39,691; Monday, 5,598; Tuesday, 17,723. Size is not the only factor to be considered in a flower show, quality comes in for a good share, and the quality of the exhibits this 3"ear was superb. There were magnificent cut chrysanthe- mum blooms, and the competition in many of the classes was keen. The large bush plants were as fine as ever. There were many exhibits of roses and carnations, and a large display of orchids, occupying the east wing and showing to much better ad- vantage than heretofore. There was a notable lack of groups of foliage and greenhouse plants, and of large palm specimens, es- pecially noticeable from the fact that the prizes for these classes had been considerably increased over those of the previous year. Some changes were made in the arrangements of the exhibits. As heretofore, the large chrysanthemum plants and other large 35 CZ) THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK specimens and groups were placed in the foyer. The north wing was not used this year, the orchids, which were displayed there last year, were located in the east wing. This is much lighter, and so brought out much better the beauties of color and peculiarities of form of these flowers. The large cut chrysanthemum blooms were in the west hall, and the roses and carnations in the Indian hall. Mr. John Young was the manager, and had charge of the arrangement of the exhibits. The large bush chrysanthemums were the center of attraction. Four fine specimens, all first-prize winners, were exhibited by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, of Ardsley, N. Y., John Canning, superintend- ent. Two were placed each side of the foyer. To the left were a superb plant of Wells' Late Pink and another of Greystone, which won the prize for a bush plant, any color but pink, yellow or white. The sweepstakes prize, the Society's Silver Cup, valued at $ioo, was won by the plant of Wells' Late Pink. On the right were plants of R. F. Felton, the prize-winner in the class for yellows, and Lady Lydia in the whites. For bush plants in receptacles not over fourteen inches in di- ameter, a plant exhibited by Greentree Greenhouses, Manhasset, N. Y., L. G. Forbes, gardener, won the second prize, the first not being awarded. For a specimen bush, odd-shape, Mr. Lewisohn also took first prize with a fan-shaped plant of Lady Lydia. The cut chrysanthemum blooms were of exceptional quality. In the classes for commercial growers, Mr. C. H. Totty, Madison, N. J., took first prize for twelve white blooms, stems not less than three feet long, with Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, the second going to Mr. Thos. W. Head, Bergenfield, N. J., for Naomah. For twelve pink, Mr. Totty was first with Elberon, Mr. Head second, with Pink Gem. Mr. Totty again won first for twelve yellow with Mrs. G. Lloyd Beggs, Scott Bros., Elmsford, N. Y., second with Gorgeous. Twelve fine blooms of Gertrude Peers gave Mr. Totty first in the class for red, and the first for twelve any other color with Mrs. E. Wild. In the class of twenty-five blooms arranged for efifect, autumn or other foliage permitted, Mr. Thos. W. Head won first prize. Mr. Totty won the silver medal for six new varieties, not in com- merce, one bloom of each. He was also winner of the first prize for a collection of twenty-five varieties, one each, stems not 36 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK over fifteen inches, with, among others; Airs. John Purroy jMitchell, W. Woodmason, Bob Pulling, Mrs. H. J. Jones, Adelia Griswold, C. H. Totty, Mrs. R. H. Boggs, Earl Kitchener, Mrs. G. W. C. Drexel, Mrs. R. C. Pulling, Mrs. W. Hookey, Wm. Vert, Mrs. H. Stevens, Meudon, Pockett's Crimson, H. E. Con- verse, James Eraser, Reginald Vallis, Lady Hopetoun, Onunda, Mrs. W. E. Tricker, and Mrs. G. Lloyd Wigg. Scott Bros, won second in this class. A collection of twenty-five pompons brought the first prize to Scott Bros., the second to ]Mr. C. H. Totty, while for a collection of singles and anemones these prize winners were reversed. There was keen competition in the classes for non-commercial growers among the cut blooms. Eor six white, stems not less than two feet long, Mr. E. Heeremans, Lenox, Mass., won the first prize with Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, the second going to Mrs. S. Neustadt, Chappaqua, N. Y., David Gordon, gardener, for a vase of Wm. Turner. In the class for six pink, Mr. Percy Chubb, Glen Cove, N. Y., Frank Honeyman, gardener, won first with Lady Hopetoun, Mrs. Neustadt second with the same. Greentree Greenhouses secured first for six yellow with E. S. Vallis, Mr. Chubb second with Mary Donnellan. Both prize win- ners for six red showed Gertrude Peers, the first going to Mr. Samuel Untermyer, Yonkers, N. Y., W. H. Waite, gardener, the second to Mr. Chubb. Six fine blooms of Irene Mason won for Mrs. Neustadt the first prize in the class for any other color, Mr. Chubb taking the second with Rose Pockett. The Henry W. Boettger Estate, Riverdale, N. Y., Rudolf Heid- kamp, gardener, won first for a vase of fifteen blooms, arranged for effect, any other foliage permitted, the second going to Mr. E. E. Lewis Ridgefield, Ct., J. Smith, gardener. The large prizes for twelve vases, in twelve varieties, three blooms of each, brought out keen competition. The flowers ex- hibited were of exceptional quality, and required careful judging. The first prize was won by Miss M. T. Cockcroft, Saugatuck, Ct., Adam Paterson, gardener. It is interesting to note that Miss Cockcroft won the society's silver cup last fall for a similar ex- hibit. Her display this fall contained : Wm. Turner, Lady Hope- toun, Beatrice May, Nakota, M. Loiseau-Rousseau, Rose Pockett, Pres. Viger, Mary Mason, W. Woodmason, J. Lock, Erank 37 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Payne, and Lenox. The winner of the second prize was Mr. Samuel Untermyer, who exhibited : James Fraser, Gertrude Peers, Rose Pockett, Meudon, Mrs. G. W. C. Drexel, Yellow Miller^ Wm. Turner, F. S. Vallis, Elberon, Mrs. G. Lloyd Wigg, W. Woodmason, and Hon. Mrs. Lopes. Mr. Adolph Lewisohn won the third prize with : Pres. Viger, Lenox, Lady Hopetoun, C. H. Totty, F. S. Vallis, Wm. Turner, Leslie Morrison, Hon. Mrs. Lopes, M. V. Venosta, Mary Mason, W. Woodmason, and Mrs. D. Syme. The first prize for a collection of twenty-four varieties, stems not over fifteen inches long, was won by W. E. S. Griswold, Lenox, Mass., Alfred J. Loveless gardener. This exhibit com- prised: Gertrude Peers, Jas. Fraser, Annie E. Angus, Pockett's Crimson, Mrs. J. C. Neill, Mrs. G. C. Kelly, Manhattan, Wm. Turner, Meudon, Mrs. D. Syme, Mrs. Wm. Duckham, Miss Clara Banghart, Mrs. H. Stevens, Wm. Vert, Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, Mrs. Wm. Tricker, Onunda, Rose Pockett, Mrs. Paul Moore, Mrs. E. Wild, F. S. Vallis, Naomah, Mary A^ason, and Ursula Griswold. The second prize went to Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, the exhibit con- taining: Mrs. D. Syme, Pockett's Crimson, Pres. Viger, C. H. Totty, Leslie Morrison, Hon. Mrs. Lopes, M. F. Plant, Wm. Turn- er, Nerissa, M. Loiseau-Rousseau, W. Unasi, Mrs. Wm. Duckham, H. E. Converse, G. Blackburn, Mary Mason, Lady Hopetoun, Miss E. Partridge, Mrs. H. Stevens, W. Woodmason, Lenox, Rose Pockett, Mrs. G. Drabble, M. V. Venosta, and A. L. Engels, In the class of 6 varieties, one bloom of each, restricted to grow- ers with not over 2,500 square feet of glass, the Greentree Green- houses won first with: Jas. Fraser, F. E. Nash, Mrs. G. W. Bourke, W. Woodmason, Francis Jolifife, and Wm. Turner. The competitors for second were so close that the judges awarded equal second prizes. These were Mr, Howard Cole, Madison, N. J., W. R. Fowkes, gardener, and the Henry W. Boettger Estate. Mr. Cole showed: Jas. Fraser, Pockett's Crimson, O. H. Broom- head, Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, Reginald Vallis, and F. S. Vallis. The Boettger Estate displayed: W. Woodmason, Wm. Turner, Lady Hopetoun, F. S. Vallis, C. H. Totty, and D. B. Crane. Mr. P. W. Popp won the first prize for a collection of twenty- four pompons. Mr. Chas. Mallory, Port Chester, N. Y., Wm. J. Sealey, gardener, won first for a collection of twelve pompons, 38 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Fred'k Sturges, Fairfield, Ct., Thos. Bell, gardener, second. Miss C. A. Bliss, New Canaan, Ct., John T. Burns, gardener, was the first-prize winner for a collection of singles and anemones, the second going to Mr. Sturges. In the rose classes for commercial growers, Mr. L. A. Noe, Madison, N. J., took first for fifty American Beauty, the F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., taking second. For fifty white, the F. R. Pierson Co. took first with White Killarney. Fifty red secured for the same firm the first prize with Prince d'Arenburg. With fifty Mrs. George Shawyer, Mr. L. A. Noe took first for pink, the F. R. Pierson Co. second with Killarney Brilliant. Sun- burst, in fifty fine blooms, secured the first for the F. R. Pierson Co. in the class for yellow. Mr. C. H. Totty won the silver medal, for a new rose not in commerce, with White Shawyer. In the classes for non-commercial growers Mr. Jas. B. Duke, Somerville, N. J., A. A. Macdonald, gardener, won first for twelve American Beauty. Eighteen blooms of Hadley secured the first prize for Mr. Howard Cole in the class for red. He also secured first for white with eighteen Double White Killarney. For eighteen pink roses Mr. Duke took first, Mr. Cole second. The first for eighteen yellow was won by the Henry W. Boettger Estate with Sunburst, the second going to Mr. Cole. The estate also won the first prize for a vase of fifty blooms, arranged for efifect, the second being won by Mr. Henry C. Sturges, Ridgefield, Ct., J. Smith, gardener. In the classes for commercial growers of carnations Scott Bros, won first for fifty white with Matchless. This vase also secured the sweepstakes prize, a silver medal, for the best vase of fifty. The same firm also won firsts for fifty each Enchantress shade, with Enchantress Supreme, scarlet with Champion, and white ground, variegated, with Mrs. Cheney. In the non-commercial classes Matchless was again a first- prize winner in the whites, the eighteen blooms exhibited by Mr. Daniel G. Reed, Irvington, N. Y., Arthur W. Golding, superin- tendent, securing this prize ; the second was won by Miss C. A. Bliss, with White Perfection. Miss Bliss also won first in Enchant- ress shade with Enchantress, ^Slr. Reed second also with Enchant- ress. Rose Pink Enchantress won first for Miss Bliss in the Winsor shade class. In the Lawson shade class Mr. Jas. A. 39 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Macdonald, Flushing, N. Y., R. Hughes, gardener, won first with a seedling. Miss Bliss again won first in the scarlets with Bea- con, Mr. Reed winning second with the same variety. Princess Dagma was the prize winner in the crimsons, Mr. Reed securing first, Miss Bliss second. The eighteen blooms shown by Mr. Reed also won the sweepstakes prize, a bronze medal, for the best vase of eighteen blooms. For white ground, variegated, the first went to Miss Bliss. In the classes for foliage and decorative plants the exhibits were considerably less than those of last year. This is somewhat surprising, as the premiums were increased all along the line. Messrs. Sidney M. and Austen Colgate, Orange, N. J., Wm. Reid, gardner, were awarded first for a specimen of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine. The Henry W. Boettger Estate won first for a speci- men of Cibotimn Schiedei. A fine specimen of Davallia fijiensis gave the first prize to Mrs. J. B, Trevor, Yonkers, N. Y., Howard Nichols, gardener, the second going to Mr. Winthrop Sargent, Beacon, N. Y., F. E. Witney, gardener. The F. R. Pierson Co. secured the first prize for a specimen of Nephrolepis exaltata hostoniensis, and also for a display of Nephrolepis exaltata and its varieties. There was a large and excellent display of orchids, arranged in the east wing. In the commercial classes, for a collection of not less than twenty-five species and varieties, the first prize was won by the Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J., the second by Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J. The Julius Roehrs Co. won the silver medal for a novelty not before exhibited before this society, a plant of Cattleya Moria, a hybrid between Cattleya Fabia and C. Mantini. For six Laelias and Cattleyas, or either, Mr. J. A. Manda, West Orange, N. J., secured first, the Julius Roehrs Co. second. For six varieties, one of each, the Julius Roehrs Co. also won first. Three plants of Cattleya labiata gave the first to the Julius Roehrs Co., the second to J. A. Manda, who also won first for three varieties, one of each. For specimen, any variety, the Julius Roehrs Co. were awarded first. In the non-commercial classes, for a collection of not less than twelve species and varieties, Mr. Clement Moore, Hackensack, N. J., J. P. Mossman, gardener, obtained first. For one Cattleya plant Mr. F. E. Lewis secured first, Mr Clement Moore second, 40 JOURN. HORT. Soc, N. Y. Vol. II, Plate io. Fig. I. Twelve Vases, in twelve varieties, three blooms of each, exhibited by Miss M. T. Cockcroft, winner of the First Prize. Fig. 2. Orchid exhibits of Mr. Clement Moore. Collection at left; display of Laelio-catt- leyas and other similar hybrids at right. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK A fine plant of Oncidimn gave the first prize to the Henry W. Boettger Estate A magnificent display of Laelio-cattleya, Bras- so-cattleya, and hybrid Cattleyas won for Mr. Moore the first prize. The following special prizes were awarded : Mr. R. D. Foote, Morristown, N. J., J. K. Lindabury, gardener, for four bunches white and five bunches black grapes, cash; A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Ct., for new seedling chrysanthemum " Mt. Green- wood," certificate, for new seedling chrysanthemum " No.i 1912," certificate, for new seedling pompon " Harvest Moon," certificate, for display chrysanthemums and roses, cash; F. R. Pierson Co., for vase of rose " Ophelia," silver medal, for vase of rose " Fran- cis Scott Key," silver medal ; J. A. Manda, for display of orchids, cash ; Henry W. Boettger Estate, for plant of Nephrolepis exalia- ta Scottii, cash ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, for collection of cut Ne- rines^ cash; P. W. Popp, Mamaroneck, N. Y., for display of dahlias, cash; Jas. A. Macdonald, Flushing, N. Y., R. Hughes, gardener, for vase of rose "Cecile Brunner," cash ; Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., for bay trees, cash, for ivies, cash; Waban Rose Conservatories, Natick, Mass., for vase of rose "Airs. Moorfield Storey," silver medal; \Vm. Tricker, Arlington, N. J., for new hardy chrysanthemums, special mention, for seeding v/ater- lilies of the Daubenyana type, certificate; W. A. Manda, South Orange, N. J., for collection of new and rare plants, silver medal ; Max Schling, for artistic floral work, diploma ; John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y., for Celosia "Wool Flower," certificate; Mr. Jas. B. Duke, for vase of rose "Ophelia," cash ; R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons Co., White Marsh, Md., for collection of hardy chrysan- themums, special mention; Mr. Peter Hauck, Jr., East Orange, N. J., pan of chrysanthemum " Glory of Seven Oaks," cash ; Mr. Peter Fisher, Ellis, Mass., vase of- carnation "Alice," certificate. The judges were: John H. Greatorex, Newport, R. I.; Robt. E. Tyson, Convent, N. J. ; F. Heeremans, Lenox, Mass. ; George Foulsham, Lenox, Mass.; Robt. Cameron, Cambridge, Mass.; Thos. Murray, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. The following members contributed to the fund necessary to defray the prizes and other expenses connected with this exhi- bition : 41 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr, A. J. C. Anderson Mrs. Glover C. Arnold Mrs. William C. Atwater Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss Mr. George D. Barron Mrs. Christopher M. Bell Miss Catherine A. Bliss Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins Mr. Temple Bowdoin Mr. Jno. I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Aneita D. Brown Mr. Louis Burk Mr. George Edward Colon Mrs. F. A. Constable Mr. James W. Cromwell Mrs. W. B. Cutting Mr. B. F. De Klyn Mrs. C. D. Dickey Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge Mrs. George Wm. Douglas Mr. James Douglas Mr. H. F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. D wight Mr. L. G. Forbes Mr. James B. Ford Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mr. John W. Frothingham Mr. George Giatras Mr. James J. Goodwin Miss E. R. Greenwood Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. John H. Hall Mr. Edw. S. Harkness Mrs. Edw. S. Harkness Mr. Alfred Harris ^f Mr. T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Mr. Rich M. Hoe Mr. Theodore R. Hoyt Mr. Archer M. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huntington Mr. Adrian Iselin Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Mrs. Arthur C. James Mr. O. G. Jennings Mrs. De Lancey Kane Mrs. H. F. Kean Miss Isabella C. King Mr. Albert Lahodny Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Miss Hilda Loines Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald Mr. James MacMachan Mr. Charles Mallory Mr. William J. Matheson Mr. Clement Moore Mrs. J. P. Morgan Mrs. S. Neustadt Mr. F. R. Newbold Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Mr. Wm. Nilsson Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Mr. E. S. Pegram Mrs. Von R. Phelps Mr. Geo. T. Powell Mr. Frederick T. Proctor Mr. John J. Riker Mrs. James A. Rumrill Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Mr. Jas. A. Scrymser Mr. Carl Emil Seitz Mr. Isaac N. Seligman 42 fa THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Wm. Shillaber Airs. French Vanderbilt Mr. Pierre J. Smith Mr. F. W. Vanderbilt Miss Mary O. Stevens Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen Miss Ellen J. Stone Mr. Henry F. Walker Mrs. James Sullivan Mr. Paul M. Warburg Mr. James Talcott Mrs. Lila Osgood Webb ]\Ir. Chas. G. Thompson Mrs. John E. Weeks Mr. Wm. B. Thompson Mr. F. S. Witherbee Mr. Samuel Thorne Mrs. Antoinette E. Wood Mr. J. H. Troy Mr. James Wood THE DAHLIA EXHIBITION On September 26 and 27 a very successful exhibition, in co- operation with the New York Botanical Garden, was held in the Museum building of that institution. This was devoted to dah- lias, and there was a large display of this flower, becoming increas- ingly more popular, in all its forms, from the little pompons to the large-flowered showy ones. As usual, the exhibition opened at two on Saturday, closing at five, and on the following day was open from ten to five. The attendance was large and apprecia- tive, and it is to be hoped that a dahlia show may become a per- manent feature of the autumn. A most attractive feature was a display, not for competition, made by Mr. O. P. Chapman, Jr., of Westerly, R. I., on two tables, each about sixteen by three feet. One of these, attracting unusual attention, was arranged in a color scheme of autumn tints, producing a most harmonious and pleasing efifect, and clear- ly demonstrating how much more efifectively the dahlia may be shown in this way than in the ordinary formal one. Mrs. Chap- man, who personally arranged the display, is to be congratulated upon the charming result. This display was awarded a silver medal, and a special cash premium was also awarded to it by the New York Botanical Garden. The following premiums, offered by the New York Botanical Garden, to be awarded by the Exhibition Committee of the Council of The Horticultural Society of New York were awarded. In the open-to-all classes for the largest and best collection of not 43 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK less than six types, the flowers on short stems, the first premium was won by Mr. George L. StiUman, Westerly, Rhode Island, with a superb collection of two hundred and eight vases, the second going to N. Harold Cottam & Son, Wappingers Falls, New York, with a collection of one hundred and four kinds. The first prize for a vase of twelve cactus dahlias was awarded to Head's Bergenfield Nurseries, the second to P. W. Popp, and the third to Nathan A. Miller. For a vase of twelve decorative dahlias, the first prize was awarded to W. A. Manda, the second to Nathan A. Miller, and the third to N. Harold Cottam & Son. A vase of twelve show or fancy dahlias brought the first prize to N. Harold Cottam & Son. In the class for twelve pompons, the first prize was awarded to William Shillaber of Essex Fells, New Jersey, J. P. Sorensen, gardener, the second to N. Harold Cottam & Son. Mr. George L. Stillman, of Westerly, Rhode Island, secured the first prize for a vase of twelve single or collarette dahlias. Head's Bergenfield Nurseries taking the second, and Nathan A. Miller the third. There were two entries for a vase arranged for efifect, the first prize being awarded to P. W. Popp, the second to Dr. M. A. Howe. In the class restricted to non-commercial growers in a collection not to consist of over fifty blooms, the first prize was awarded to P. W. Popp, for a collection of forty-nine vases, the second for a collection of forty-four vases to Mr. William P. Clyde, New Hamburg, New York, H. J. Osterhoudt, gardener. For a vase of eight cactus dahlias the first prize was secured by Mr. P. W. Popp, the second by Mr. George D. Barron, of Rye, New York, James Linane, gardener, the third by Mr. William P. Clyde. Vase of eight peony-flowered dahlias won the first prize for Mr. P. W. Popp, Mr. Clyde taking the third, the second prize not being awarded. Mr. Popp also won the first prize for a vase of eight decorative dahlias, Mr. George D. Barron the second. The first prize for a vase of eight pompon dahlias went to Mr. William Shillaber, the third to Mr. Barron, the second not being awarded. In the class for eight single or collarette dahlias. Air. Popp was also a first-prize winner. Mr. Barron won the third, the second not being awarded. The following special prizes, given by the New York Botanical Garden, unless otherwise indicated, were also awarded : Mr. Wil- 44 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK liam Shillaber, for a collection of ninety-two vases of annuals, bronze medal by The Horticultural Society of New York ; Mrs, F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, New York, James Stuart, gardener, for a vase of Conoclinium coelestinm; Mr. W. Atlee Burpee, certificates of merit by The Horticultural Society of New York for the peony-flowered dahlias " Mrs. Hugh Dickson " and " Mrs. W. E, Whineray," special mention being given to the peony-flowered dahlia " Mrs. George W. Kerr " ; Lager & Hurell, for a collection of cut orchids; Mr. O. P. Chapman, Jr., for an artistic display of dahlia blooms, silver medal by The Horticultural Society of New York and cash prize by the New York Botanical Garden ; Mr. George L. Stillman, certificates of merit by The Horticultural Society of New York for the new seedling cactus dahlia " George L. Stillman " and for the new seedling semi-single dahlia " Search- light," special mention being made of the new seedling peony- flowered dahlia " Flower-girl " ; P. W. Popp, for a display of col- larette blooms and also for a vase of the peony-flowered dahlia " Weber " ; Mr. W. A. Manda, certificates of merit, awarded by The Horticultural Society of New York, for the new dahlias " Josef Manda " and " Bohemia Garnet," and special mention for the new dahlia " Veronica Manda." The New York Botanical Garden made an interesting exhibit of thirty-two kinds of shrubs in fruit and of twelve kinds of shrubs in flower. These attracted much attention, especially the fruiting specimens. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY September 26, 1914 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday, September 26, 1914, at 2:30 P.M., in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden. The minutes of the meeting of June 6, 1914, were read and ap- proved. The following resignations were accepted with regret : Dudley D. Sicher, Edward H. Wales, B. J. Greenhut, J. Morn- ingstar, Fred'k G. Agens, Sr., W. N. Davey, H. W. Guernsey, J. 45 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK C. Havemeyer, Emil L. Strobel, J. G. Webb, Wm. Fellowes Morgan, Theodor A. Simon, Geo. T. Wilson. At the close of the business meeting, a symposium was held on the Dahlia, opened by Dr. Britton with the following paper on the origin of the name Dahlia, its relationship and distribution: The genus Dahlia was first described by Cavanilles in i/Qi, and dedi- cated to Andreas Dahl, a distinguished Swedish botanist, who was born in 1751 and died, while still a young man, in 1789; he was demonstrator of botany at Abo. Dahl was evidently a prominent botanist of his time, for Thunberg dedicated another genus to him in 1792, a Japanese relative of the witch hazel. Dahl's botanical writings do not appear to have been extensive, but he published in 1787 a work of forty-four pages, entitled " Observationes botanicae," in which he discussed the Systema Vegeta- bilium of Linnaeus published in 1784. In 1803, Willdenow proposed to change the name Dahlia to Georgina, for reasons which have long since been deemed insufficient, and the Georgia proposed by Sprengel in 1818 is also superfluous. The name Georgina is the basis of the German name Georgine for these plants. The species first described by Cavanilles in 1791, and thus the type of the genus, is Dahlia pinnata, and it is well illustrated on Plate 80 of his •Icones. A number of subsequent names have been applied to this original species, among them, Dahlia variabilis Desfontaines, which was evidently given with reference to the great variability of the plant in size, leaf-form, and color of the flowers. In the third volume of his Icones, published 1794, Cavanilles described and illustrated two additional species. Dahlia coccinea and Dahlia rosea. In subsequent literature, over thirty different names have been proposed for supposed species of Dahlias, but about two thirds of these have proved to be the same as others, so that the actual number of wild species known to exist is probably not over a dozen; they are natives of the Mexican Highlands, extending into the mountains of Guatemala and Costa Rica, and one from Colombia has been described. Alorphologically, Dahlia is most nearly related to Coreopsis, differing, structurally, mainly in minute features of the appendages of the style in the flowers of the disk; the relationship is so close in some species that some botanists have proposed to include Dahlia in Coreopsis, but this is a view which has not obtained any wide acceptance. An examination of some of the herbarium specimens obtained from wild plants of Mexico, herewith exhibited, will be of interest at this time. Dr. Britton exhibited plates of the original dahlia species, and also herbarium specimens of several species. These were in- spected with much interest. At the close of Dr. Britton's remarks Dr. H. H. Rusby gave a lecture, illustrated with lantern slides, upon the home of the 46 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK dahlia and its environment. Dr. Rnsby has traveled extensively in the elevated regions of Ad^exico, where the dahlia finds its home, and described the environment and peculiar surroundings of this plant. Mr. P. W. Popp, an expert dahlia grower, followed Dr. Rusby with a talk upon the present day methods of culture. Mr. Popp raises some of the finest dahlias grown in this part of the country, and his talk, along practical lines, was listened to with much in- terest. A discussion followed, participated in by Mr. Cottam, Mr. Lager, Mr. Head, Dr. Southwick, Dr. Britton, and others. The meeting adourned at 4 P.M. George V. Nash, Secretary. 47 # THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS Piesident T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL SAMUEL THORNE JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Council Ez-Officio Members THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Elected Members F. R. PIERSON, Chairman ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON E. S. MILLER ROBT. T. BROWN CLEMENT MOORE JOHN CANNING W. NILSSON PERCY CHUBB H. A. SIEBRECHT R. L. COTTINET E. B. SOUTHWICK J. W. CROMWELL JAMES STUART M. C. EBEL CHAS. H. TOTTY I. S. HENDRICKSON WM. TRICKER JOHN E. LAGER J. H. TROY J. A. MANDA SAMUEL UNTERMYER WILLIAM ZIEGLER, Jr. 3fournal of t^t J^orticultural Society of J^eto |9orli Vol. II, No. 4 FEBRUARY 1915 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS The Coming Spring Exhibition 49 Proceedings of the Society: October 31, 1914 52 January ao, 1915, with lecture by Mr. W. N. Craig on "A Year's Vegetable Supply from the Home Garden" 52 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. LfP^APV journal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of J^eto ^orfe INCORPORATEn I902 Vol. II, No. 4 Quarterly FERRUARY, 1915 By subscription $1.00 per year THE COMING SPRING EXHIBITION The Second Spring Exhibition of The Horticuhural Society of New York, in cooperation with the New York Florists' Chib, will be held at the New Grand Central Palace, Lexington Avenue, between 46th and 47th Streets, on March 17th to 23rd, inclusive. It will be open from 2 to 11 on Wednesday, and from 10 A. M. to 1 1 P. j\I. on the remaining days. The exhibition of last spring was successful, and it is expected that this one will be much more of a success. A large premium list, covering nearly $15,000.00, has been prepared, offering prizes for the whole range of plants and flowers suitable for exhibition at that time. Copies of this premium list may be had by addressing the secretary of the flower show committee, John Young, 53 West 28th St., N. Y. City. Each day of the exhibition will have its special features, as fol- lows : Wednesday: Cut Orchids. Carnation Displays. Miscellan- eous Flowers. Thursday: Cut Roses. This is also Brooklyn Day. Friday: Competitive Classes in Carnations. This is also Garden Club Day and New Jersey Day. Saturday: Display of Roses. Sweet Peas. Sunday: General Display. IVIonday: Table Decorations. Violets. Tuesday : General Display. An arrangement has been entered into with the American Red Cross under which that organization will conduct a tea garden and LT: dancing pavilion. This will be located on the west side of the 49 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK mezzanine floor, opposite the main entrance to the building, and can be readily reached by stairways and elevators. An admission charge will be made to the Tea Garden and Dancing Pavilion, and the amount thus realized will go to the aid of the American Red Cross and of the non-combatant relief committees. Tea and refreshments will be served every afternoon and evening, and there will also be dancing. The following ladies constitute the Tea Garden Committee: Chairman: Mrs. W. K. Draper. Vice Chairman: Mrs. Belmont Tiffany. Miss Ellen Louise Adee Mrs. C. B. Alexander Miss Janetta Alexander Mrs. Austin Baldwin Mrs. Linzee Blagden Mrs. Francis Boardman Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Miss Margaret Cameron Mrs. Bourke Cochrane Mrs. Seymour Cromwell Mrs. Newt»old LeRoy Edgar Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson Mrs. William Greenough Lady Herbert Mrs. Walter Maynard Mrs. Russell Wellman Moore Miss Anne Depew Paulding Mrs. Frank Hunter Potter Mrs. Nathaniel Bowditch Potter Miss Louise Sands Mrs. Justus Ruperti Mrs. Ernest Schelling Mrs. Thomas R. French The following committees will have charge of special work Committee on Decoration Chairman: Mrs. Belmont Tiffany Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mr. William A. Delano Committee on Tea Room Supplies Chairman: Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar Mrs. William Greenough Mrs. Walter Maynard Miss Margaret Cameron 50 I the horticultural society of new york Dance Committee Honorary Chairman: Mrs. John Purroy Mitchel Chairman: Mrs. A. Henry Mosle Mrs. Wilfred J. Worcester Mrs. Adams Batcheller Airs. Lindsley Tappin Mrs. Don Barber Mrs. George K. B. Wade Miss Juliana Cutting Miss Annabella Olyphant Miss Elizabeth S. Kendall Miss Adeline M. Townsend Miss Josephine Gibson Each day has been allotted to a different relief committee and Red Cross Chapter which will take charge of the arrangements for the allotted day. These allottments are as follows : Wednesday: Committee of Mercey and New York County Chapter of the Red Cross. Thursday : Secours Nationale Committee and Brooklyn Chap- ter of the Red Cross. Friday: Polish Relief Committee and Westchester County Chapter of the Red Cross. Saturday : Belgian Relief Committee and Bronx County Chap- ter of the Red Cross. Sunday: Servian Relief Committee and Vacation War Rehef Committee of the Red Cross. Monday: British Relief Committee and French Committee on Hostels. Tuesday: German Relief Committee and Riverdale, Spuyten Duyvil and Kingsbridge Chapter of the Red Cross. The Horticultural Society of New York will have a booth, with attendants in charge, where members and friends will be welcome. This will make a convenient place of meeting at the exhibition. It will be located in the same position as last year, the southeast corner, to the left of the stairway as you enter. 51 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY October 31, 1914 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday, October 31, 1914, at 4 P.M., in the American Museum of Natural History, the president presiding. The minutes of the meeting of Septembber 26, 1914, were read and approved. The following resignations were accepted with regret : Mrs. S. A. Brown, Michael Piel, Mrs. Wm. C. Hess, Jos. H. Bromley. The appUcations for annual membership of the following per- sons were approved, and their names referred to the society for action : Mrs. Robert C. Black, Miss Eleanor Blodget, Mrs. A. Clay- burgh, Francis P. Dodge, John W. Everitt, Richard Howe, Miss Elizabebth S. Hoyt, Karl Jungbluth, John G. Livingston, Miss Car- oline L. Morgan, Mrs. J. E. Parsons, T. R. Hage Patterson, Miss Eva C. Putney, Mrs. Richard C. Rathborne, J. Walter Reimels, A. J. Rolle, Isadore Saks, and Frederick Sturges. The secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for their election as annual members. This was done and the persons declared elected annual members of the society. Meeting adjourned at 4:10. George V. Nash, Secretary. January 20, 191 5 A meeting of the society, accompanied by an exhibition, was held on Wednesday, January 20, 191 5, at the American Museum of Natural History, the president presiding in the first part of the meeting, Mr. O'Mara later. The minutes of the meeting of October 31, 1914, were read and approved. The following resignations were accepted with regret : James Bell, F. L. Rodewald, Jno. Boulton Simpson, Thos. W. Robinson. 52 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The following applications for membership were approved by the council and their names referred to the society for action : Life Mrs. Carl Stoeckel, Charles Deering, Francis P. Garvan, Robert E. Tod. Annual Otto F. Behrend, Andrew Freedman, Frank DeK. Hiiyler, Mrs. Edward King, Miss Anne P. Livingston, Barrington Moore, Flam Ward Olney, Miss Gertrude Parsons, Seth L. Pierrepont, Wm. J. Quinlan, Jr., Mrs. William Strauss, Mrs. Wm. Stursberg, Mrs. C. Gouverneur Weir, Mrs. Albert Winsten, Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie, Mrs. G. J. Helmer. The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. At the close of the business meeting the following lecture was delivered by Mr. W. N. Craig: A YEAR'S VEGETABLE SUPPLY FROM THE HOME GARDEN Horticulture has its full share in the ceaseless activity of the present age. Changes in the vegetable garden, the varieties grown, and methods of culture show just as great changes as are to be witnessed in the present improved methods of locomotion, lighting or sanitation. There have been within the last twenty-five years particularly striking improvements in potatoes, peas, tomatoes, beans, and, in fact, in all standard vegetables. They are to be seen in our markets in greater variety, of better quality, and earlier and later than previous generations thought at all possible. There are now practically no periods in the year, even in midwinter, when a good assortment of vegetables, either of greenhouse or southern out- door culture, is not obtainable. The average consumption of meats per head of our population is needlessly high; there are tens of thousands of families whose pocketbooks would be heavier, and health better, if they used more vegetables and fruits, and cut their meat supply in half. We hear much nowadays of trusts, and the high cost of living is dwelt on, not only here, but in practically every civilized community on earth, and a late President suggested an international tribunal to consider the causes of high prices and suggest remedies. Perhaps the most practical remedy which could suggest itself would be for more families to plant fruits and vegetables in their home gardens. The European countries are 53 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK far in advance of us in this respect; there every workingman, who has the least ambition, rents a piece of ground if he has none attached to his home, and grows a fine variety of vegetables. In Great Britain large numbers of workmen even have small greenhouses in their gardens, in which to grow a few flowers and early vegetables, and to start their seedlings. It should be possible for many to have modest greenhouses here ; they need not necessarily be heated through the winter, but utilized for starting early plants for the home garden, both flowers and vegetables. Where a greenhouse is not possible, it does not cost much to have a cold frame with two or more sashes, which can be used as hot-beds for starting tomatoes, celery, lettuce, egg plants, cabbages, and other plants. It is simply astounding that so many residents in these United States prefer to buy their vegetables the year through, when they, in many cases, have facilities for raising the same at home. Take the city of New York and its suburbs as an example, and what a wretchedly small portion of the residents who have homes trouble to grow even a few of the most neces- sary vegetables. We see many fine homes with their lawns and shrubs, veritable Queen Anne fronts, but too often, alas ! what we might say, Mary Ann backs. For it is too true that beyond collections of junk, ashes, and other rubbish, what might be in many cases a garden of utility is only an eyesore. The soil in the east may not appear so rich as in our prairie states ; it contains more rock, and also a lot of gravel, but there are few soils which will not with a little coaxing grow creditable crops, and there is no earthly reason why thousands of persons of moderate means should not raise practically all the vegetables needed for themselves and families, if they would but utilize land of which now practically no use is made. There is no more practical way to reduce the cost of living than to grow fresh vegetables in the home garden, and one of the best ways to encourage the rising generation to improve on present-day methods is to interest them, while of tender years, in the home or the school garden movement. It would also be philanthropy of the best type if, in the vicinity of many of our towns and cities, blocks of land could be rented for a moderate sum to working men, who might desire to grow vegetable crops. These latter allotments are a feature in Europe, where intensive culture is more prac- tised and necessary than here. It would be an excellent innovation here and would be welcomed by thousands of European settlers, who mourn the absence of anything in the nature of such gardens. Vegetable gardens should always, if possible, be made where they can get a warm, sunny exposure; if sloping south the crops will be earlier, but this is not essential. Very stiff land of a clayey nature can be im- proved by additions of street scrapings, sand, fine gravel, or fine coal ashes. Vegetables will grow well in almost any soil in which water does not stand. Such soils require drainage to produce good crops ; drainage warms as well as sweetens the soil. The best manure for nearly all vege- tables is well-rotted cow manure or horse manure. If applied and worked 54 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in well in the fall, fresh manure can be used to advantage but it is bettei not to use such when near planting time. It is always well to save and bury as much of the humus or vegetable matter as possible; too often this is thrown on the rubbish heap. In considering any general order for work in the vegetable garden, the leading principle should be that its productive powers should be taxed fully. There need be no resting of the ground, and it is very easy if there should, perchance, be a surplus of any crops, to sell them, to give them away, and in the case of the Brassica family, to return them to the soil for manure. Hard cropping of course is not possible unless the land is liberally manured and the surface soil kept constantly tilled. To put little in and take off much means virtual exhaustion; a whip will not work as a substitute for corn for a horse with hard work to do ; nor will a candle burn long if lit at both ends. Always dig deeply, and when occasion will permit trench a couple of spits deep. Change crops from year to year where this can be done; this is not absolutely necessary and it is not always possible to do it, but the majority of vegetables do better with a change of ground. Soils which are sour or acid should have a liberal dressing of lime; this is best applied in the fall after the crops have been gathered. Suffi- cient lime is not used in America; once in three years the bulk of soils are benefited by an application ; do not apply the lime, however, at the same time as manure, as the lime will release much of the nitrogen from the latter. Barnyard manure cannot always be procured, but good crops can be produced with chemical fertihzers alone; these, however, must be used with greater precaution than the manure. Too often fertilizer is used in seed drills, and the seedsmen are blamed for selling poor seed, where the seedlings have been practically destroyed by the fertilizer; the safer plan is to broadcast and hoe it in well, also to use it between rows of growing crops to stimulate them. A list of vegetable's of proved excellence, and a few words on their cul- ture, are apt to be tedious, but there are so many starting a garden each year that something must be said on this subject. These remarks are intended rather for small growers, and not for those who are operating market gardens. The best growers of vegetables are not necessarily mar- ket growers or practical gardeners at all. In Great Britain much finer leeks, potatoes, celery, and cauliflower are grown by the artisan classes, who take a keen interest in vegetable culture, than by the professionals, and there is no reason why it cannot be accomplished here. Peas are one of the important vegetables in New England and New York, and the first sowing should be put into the ground as soon after it is open as possible. We hear it commonly stated that it is too early to sow peas because the ground has not become warmed. The warmer and drier the soil gets the poorer the peas will do. We have sown these as early as March lo, and in late seasons not until the first week of April; but just: as soon as the frost has left the ground it should be spaded or 55 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK plowed, manured liberally, and a first sowing made; successive sowings can be made until the end of May, after which time it does not pay to sow them ; but for a fall crop, a sowing can be made about July 25. Dwarf peas are to be recommended for small gardens; probably the best of these is Sutton's Excelsior; Nott's Excelsior is very good also; both of these are heavy croppers. Taller varieties, such as Thomas Laxton and Gradus, are excellent, but should have good supports. Birch brush is the best support for peas; wire netting may be used when birch is not procurable. Good succession peas to follow those already named are Alderman, Dwarf Champion, Sutton's Dwarf, Defiance, Juno, Improved Stratagem, Ad- vancer, Quite Content, and the old Champion of England ; the latter should not be grown where it cannot be given good supports, being a tall grower, but it is a very productive variety. Beans are of much easier culture than peas and will succeed in soils where peas would be an utter failure ; they can also be picked over quite a long season ; we have picked string beans as early as June 28 and last year as late as October 12, which gives a fairly long season. First sow- ings of string beans can be made from April 15 to 20, and successive sow- ings made until August 1st for late pickings. Triumph of the Frames and Plentiful are the earliest varieties we have grown. Stringless Green Pod and Valentine are excellent later sorts. Improved Goddard and Dwarf Horticultural are splendid string and shell varieties. Wax beans are handsome and sell well; their appearance helps them to sell, but their flavor is far inferior to that of the green podded sorts. Rustless Golden Wax and Stringless White Wax are reliable varieties. Lima beans should not be sown untilwe get settled warm weather. The dwarf varieties are of comparatively recent introduction, and for the small grower are far to be preferred to the pole sorts. The earliest of these is the small Hender- son Bush Lima; many prefer the flavor of this to all others; it is hardier than the other varieties, such as Burpee's and Dreer's, and a marvelous producer. Dreer's Lima is a sure cropper in hot seasons, but inferior in flavor to Burpee's. Fordhook Lima is superior to the Burpee's in both size and flavor and will eventually supersede it. Where poles are procurable, the following are fine beans to grow : Ken- tucky Wonder and Lazy Wife's for snap; and Golden Cluster is a good wax variety. The old Scarlet Runner makes long, rough beans which, however, are of excellent flavor, and the plants are very ornamental while in flower. The Sieva or small Lima and King of the Garden Lima are the best of their kind, and produce an enormous quantity of pods per pole. The best wood for poles is cedar or hickory; these last for several years, while oak, birch, and maple do not generally carry for more than one season. Potatoes are the most important of all garden vegetable crops. They will succeed in a great variety of soils, if proper preparation of manuring has been given, but the best soil is a deep, rich, friable loam, well drained, where there is no possibility of water standing in a wet season. Far more 56 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK owners of gardens should grow their own potatoes ; they cost the average household more money than any other vegetable, and there is nothing difficult in their culture which should deter anyone from planting them. Fresh manure should never be used when planting potatoes; it can, how- even, be worked in the soil the previous fall; the best plan is to plant them to follow some crop for which the ground was heavily manured the previous spring. Early planting pays the best, particularly so when we get such severe droughts as in the summer of 1914. Rows three feet apart and sets fifteen inches are correct distances. For a very early crop it pays to sprout a few tubers in boxes containing a single thickness of each, stood erect and as close as they can be packed. The general practice is to spread fertilizer in the drills before planting the sets; a far better plan is to broadcast it after the potatoes have been planted. Where fertilizer alone is used, 600 lbs. acid phosphate, 500 lbs. kainit, and 200 lbs. nitrate of soda per acre can be applied, using the nitrate of soda after the growth has started. Small growers had better use some special potato fertilizer. Differences of opinion arise about cutting sets; we like them to have two eyes each, and such sets from large potatoes are more productive than if cut from small ones. Single potatoes of small size do not average so well as sets cut from large potatoes. The ground should be kept con- stantly stirred, both before and after the potatoes start to grow, and this must be done very persistently, and particularly after each rainfall. The potato beetle and blight can be controlled by spraying; for the former, arsenate of lead, at the rate of four pounds to fifty gallons of water, with Bordeaux mixture added as a fungicide, applied as soon as the young bugs hatch out, will care for the pests if well sprayed and dried on before rain. One application of poison should suffice, but a second and even a third spraying with the Bordeaux mixture will ensure a healthy foliage. As to varieties. Early Norwood and Aroostook Pride as earlies, and Green Mountain as a main crop variety are sufficient. If restricted to one variety, it should be the reliable Green Mountain. Miscellaneous root crops want similar soil and conditions to potatoes to ensure roots free from scab; also lime should not be applied to the land for the same reason. A few reliable varieties of these to grow are: Early Horn and Danver's Half-long carrots. Market Model parsnips, Egyptian and Edmand's Early beets. Sandwich Island salsify, and Early White Egg and Budlong turnips. The turnips, and in fact all root crops, do particularly well on sandy ground. These and potatoes should be stored in a frost-proof cellar where no fire heat is used. Some of the parsnips can be left in the ground until spring; the most severe frost will not harm them, and it is surprising how small a patch of each will supply a whole family for a season. The Brassica or cabbage family cannot be omitted from any vegetable garden; all like well-manured land. Excellent cabbages for early are: Copenhagen Market and Jersey Wakefield; for late, Danish Baldhead and Danish Roundhead; these latter are harder and far superior to the Drum- 57 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK head types. Early cabbage can be started in a frame in March and planted out about April 15. Winter sorts should be sown about June I. Cauliflowers for an early crop are best grown in a cold frame where they can be watered. For a fall crop, seed should be sown as near May 25 as possible. Kronk's Perfection Erfurt for early, Dry Weather and Snowball for late, are splendid varieties to grow. Brussels sprouts should be sown as soon as the ground is open, and later planted out in rows three feet apart, and two feet between the plants. These are splendid and choice winter vegetables; with the cabbages they should be lifted and heeled in a cool cellar before the frost becomes too severe. Aigburth is a first-class sort, so is Bobbie's Selected. Savoy cabbage is preferred by some to the common cabbage; the culture is the same, and the Drumhead variety the best. Green curled kale or borecole is a very hardy member of the Bras- sica family, and of very easy culture; heeled in with the cabbages it can be used from February to the last of April, and is superior to the greens brought from the south. It should not be housed until it has had several good freezings. No garden is complete without tomatoes. These are easily raised in the house or cold frame, and if strong plants are set out, fruit may be picked by the middle of July and until killing frost. To secure good tomatoes they should not be allowed to ramble over the ground at liberty, but trained to stakes, fences, or some other "support. We prefer to retain two of the bottom laterals, with the main stems, and to rub off all other laterals, also cutting back some of the leaves, especially when the plants are tied up to stakes. Trained plants have many advantages to compen- sate us for the care bestowed upon them, the fruit is always clean, and readily seen when wanted, ripens better and has a superior flavor to those borne on plants which are bespattered with soil after every rainfall. Ex- cellent early tomatoes are Chalk's Early Jewel and Lister's Prolific. For a main crop, nothing is superior to the old reliable Stone. Aristocrat and Dwarf Stone are fine dwarf types, excellent for very small gardens. Golden Queen is the finest of the large yellow varieties. The small fruited tomatoes have of late years come greatly to the fore; for salads, decorative effects, and preserving they are very fine : the finest of these is Yellow Plum; others to be recommended are Red Cherry, Peach, Pear, and Red Plum. They grow taller than the large-fruited tomatoes; we have had Yellow Plum over twelve feet high, and one or two plants of each of these varieties will give a lot of fruit. An important crop is sweet corn; no vegetable will withstand severe drought and heat better if persistent culture is given the crop. It succeeds well in either hills or drills, probably in the latter the stalks will not blow over so much during the wet windy weather. The first sowing can be made, in a warm piece of ground, from April 15 to April 20; even if it is cut down by a late frost, the seed is easily sown again, and the loss is but trifling. The soil for sweet corn should be very rich for best results. Seeds can be sown at intervals of from eight to ten days until July ist, 58 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in the case of Stowell's Evergreen, and a few days later for Crosby. We have sown early varieties as late as July 15, and they have yielded an abundant supply of crops when frost held off late. In the way of early varieties, First Crop Sugar, Golden Bantam, Early Cory, and Peep-o-day, are all good. In medium earlies we have Golden Dawn, an excellent yellow variety of fine flavor, and the always reliable Crosby; Potter's Excelsior is another sort of excellent flavor; of late varieties, Stowell's Evergreen produces the largest cobs, and they are very tender and sweet, but Country Gentleman, an irregular eared variety, has a very delicate flavor. The weather should be warm and settled before squashes are planted, and the soil for them must be well manured. Summer Crookneck and Bush Scallop are good early varieties. Orange Marrow is a superior fall variety, and Hubbard is the standard winter sort. Golden Hubbard is also good, as are the Delicious and Marblehead, the latter keeping very late. It is always well to sow a good number of seed in a hill to avoid probable destruction of many by insects. For the small black fly, dust the foHage with lime, soot, or ashes, while they are damp. It is also a good plan to sow a few radish seeds in each hill; the insects seem to eat these with avidity and spare the squashes; the same dusting will keep away the striped squash bug, but several applications may be necessary. The squash vine borer is a very destructive pest; very thorough cultivation before planting will kill many of these grubs, which Hve in the soil, and work their way into the stalks of the plants. Sometimes before the shoots are too wilted, the stems can be slit, the borer discovered and destroyed, the cut part covered in the soil, and the shoot regenerated; when badly wilted, it is best to pull up and bury the stem. Vegetable Marrows are easily grown, and are very free fruiting squashes, being especially good for summer and fall use, also for preserving. The borers rarely attack this variety, nor do they trouble pumpkins very much ; of these latter. Sugar and Nantucket are splendid varieties for pies. To secure pumpkins of the largest size, which are more curious than useful, dig a large hole and fill it with manure, reduce the plants to one in each hill, and thin out the shoots, also pinch back the long laterals, and allow only one fruit to a plant. The variety Mammoth is the best to grow for this purpose; very large pumpkins can be grown in this way. The culture of cucumbers is similar to that of squashes, and an early crop can be secured in a frame, or plants may be started in pots and planted out in hills, early in June. The Arlington White Spine is a good variety. Melons are not really vegetables at all, but are served only as dessert fruit. They are, however, always catalogued with vegetables, and may therefore be fairly spoken of here. During the past few years these, thanks to warm summers, have done extraordinarily well. Early batches can be started in pots or under small hand lights; a sheet of glass 16 by 24 inches over each hill will advance the crop quite a little; these glasses should be removed when rain falls, closed on cold nights, and tilted 59 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK during the day. It is not a good plan to merely dig out a hole and place a shovelful or two of manure in each hole, giving nothing to the rest of the ground. The better plan is to broadcast, and plow or spade it in; this gives more vigorous plants. The finest flavored melon we have grown is Mrs. H. H. Rogers; other good sorts are Early Christiana, Honey Drop, and Emerald Gem. Rockyford is a great cropper, but we have found the skin rots rather badly just before ripening. The same applies to the big handsome Montreal Market. Sandy soil suits melons particularly well. Watermelons do well in warm summers ; they should not be sown before June I, and one or two plants only should be left to a hill. Cole's Early, Early Fordhook, Halbert Honey, and Kleckley Sweet all do well in Massa- chusetts. Many persons cannot tell when watermelons are ripe. One sign is that the little tendril where the stem of the fruit is attached to the vine withers; green fruits sound solid, ripe ones more hollow; the fruit will also "give" a little when firmly pressed, if it is approaching ripeness. Celery is a very important vegetable for fall and winter use. It will grow well on level ground, and is thus planted by market growers; but in trenches it makes its finest possible growth. Advantages of trench culture are that water is more easily applied, the plants are more readily hilled up and the trenches give shade to the plants in hot weather. An abun- dance of well rotted manure should be placed in the trenches, as celery is a gross feeder. Golden Self Blanching is the finest early variety; Golden Rose is also good; White Plume is handsome, but of coarse tex- ture. Good winter sorts are White Queen, Giant Pascal, and Boston Market. The richest and most mellow soils should be used for celery culture. Early varieties may be bleached by means of boards, but the later sorts must be hilled up by degrees, and housed in a cool, frost-proof cellar before weather becomes too severe. It must also be aired on all favorable occasions. For celery blight, pick off the worst leaves and spray with Bordeaux mixture. Hollow stalk is caused by an insufficiency of moisture at the roots during the growing season. In lifting celery the earth should be moist; if not, apply some water after planting in the frame or cellar, and always take a nice ball of earth with each plant. Onions are one of the most popular vegetables, and it is not difficult for the small grower to produce an all-the-year-round supply on a small piece of ground. The ground can hardly be made too rich ; cow manure, with some soot added, is extra good as a fertilizer. The ground must be pre- pared and the seed planted just as soon as possible after the frost has left the ground, and it has sufficiently dried out. For the earliest crop plant small sets; we prefer the yellow ones, four inches apart in the rows. Very small sets are the best; those from one third of an inch in diameter upwards will largely run to seed. We like to roll or tramp the onion ground before drawing the drills, which can be twelve inches apart, giving another tramp after covering the drills. Just as soon as the seed is sown start cultivating, and keep at it constantly, until the tops are so much grown as to prevent it; also weed the rows carefully, especially after a 60 I I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK rain, when they will pull up most easily. It is no use planting this crop unless this matter of weeding is religiously attended to. The so-called new onion culture is really a very old practice, and was in vogue in Great Britain half a century or more ago. It consists of sowing seeds in flats or in a cold frame late in February or early in March, and transplanting the seedlings in well-prepared ground about April 15. Very large bulbs are secured in this way, fine for exhibition, but they will not keep well; in fact, very few are sound after Christmas, and this mode of culture is not to be recommended where onions are wanted through the whole winter. For this method of culture, Ailsa Craig and Prize Taker are excellent. For sowing outdoors, Danvers Yellow is the onion par excellence. Prize Taker, Australian Brown, and Red Weathersfield are all good. Shallots are a species of onion which, if planted at the same time as the onion sets, will produce a very heavy crop, each tuber pro- ducing ten or twelve new sets, which mature earlier than the onion, keep better, and are excellent for salads as well as cooking. It is surprising that more of these are not grown. Asparagus is one of the most highly prized of vegetables, and comes in season very early. It does not take a very large bed to supply a small family, and if the ground is deeply trenched, well manured and cared for, it is good for twenty years. Reading Giant, Columbian White, and Giant Argenteuil are splendid varieties. A bed 12 by 35, containing 150 plants, is sufficient for a small family. The plants should be in rows, three and a half feet apart, and eighteen inches between the plants. In planting, care must be taken to set the roots deeply, and cover only lightly at first, covering in gradually as the plants grow. For the asparagus beetle, spraying with arsenate of lead or paris green is effective, one application generally being sufficient. Egg plants must have rich soil and cannot be planted out with safety before June; each plant is benefited by having a shovel or two of manure below it. Reliable sorts are New York Improved and Black Beauty. Peppers should not be planted in as rich soil as egg plants. Large Bell or Bull Nose, Golden Dawn and Squash are popular varieties; Ruby King is fine for pickles. Chinese Giant is a huge variety of mild flavor, but too large. The little Cayenne is excellent also for pickles, and very ornamental. Spinach of the round-leaved type is of course indispensable, and for summer use nothing beats the New Zealand variety. This must not be planted before May 10, however. With this latter vegetable, and a small row of Swiss chard, it is possible for a large family to secure a constant cut of greens for at least four months in the year. I have not mentioned salad plants; of these, lettuce is the most valuable, and by starting seed in the home or cold-frame, and making successive sowings outdoors from the end of March until the middle of August, heads may be cut from the early part of May until the end of November. For the earliest sowing. White Seeded Tennis Ball and Big Boston are 61 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK leaders ; for later sowings, May King, Deacon Black Seeded Tennis Ball, and Sutton's Standwell are reliable. The Romaine or Cos Lettuce is popular with many; Trianon is a good self-bleaching sort. Endive is an excellent and handsome salad plant when well bleached ; the plants want more severe thinning than lettuce, and to bleach them the outer leaves should be gath- ered to a point and tied with raffia. Endive can be kept in the cellar, packed in dry sand, through a good part of the winter. Green Curled and Batavian are splendid sorts. Radishes are of easy culture; by having one or two spring sowings, and then again in August and early September, the finest flavored roots can be had. They are of little value in hot weather, as the roots get very tough. Early Scarlet Globe and French Breakfast are popular sorts. Of late years the winter varieties, like Black Spanish, have come to the front ; these can be stored in sand and kept all winter ; they make very large roots, and are of good flavor. Curled cress and white mustard are easily grown salad plants, which can be grown in flats in the home, or in cold-frames. The seeds do not require a covering, but should have an ample water supply. In miscellaneous vegetables there are leeks, which should be sown early, and given rich culture, to secure big, handsome stalks; these keep in fine condition until May in a cold cellar. Musselburgh is a standard variety. A clump or two of chives takes up little space. For borderings, nothing is more beautiful than parsley; the plants should be thinned out six or eight inches apart. On well drained land, with a covering of leaves, this will survive our New England winters. Bobbie's Selected and Cham- pion Moss are beautiful curled types. White Velvet okra or gumbo is valuable for soups. It succeeds best in a hot summer, and the seed should not be sown before May lo in this latitude. A few roots of indispen- sable rhubarb and one or two roots of horse radish should always be included. In the way of sweet or pot herbs, fennel, dill, sweet marjoram, sweet basil, sage, thyme, and summer savory are very useful. I have not mentioned mushrooms, which naturally should have a place when possible in a cellar, stable, or shed. The temperature of 50 to 55 degrees suits them best; but they will produce if ten degrees colder. Beds should never be made near a furnace or any drying heat, and the best heat at which to spawn is 85 degrees. The home culture spawn pro- duces very large mushrooms in a much shorter time than the English Milltrack. I have had them appear within three weeks, but the average would be nearer six weeks. If the manure should be rather cold, mush- rooms may not appear for twelve weeks, and one year we had almost given up all hopes of a bed, and it produced well at the end of seventeen weeks. The beds should be darkened and all possible air excluded. Watering is a necessary evil only; when applied, it should be of a temperature of 100 to 120 degrees. This paper has already exceeded the original intention of the writer, who would say in conclusion, that he hopes more small growers will this 62 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK season have the courage to plant a vegetable garden. Do not have one too large, which you cannot properly care for. Quite a small plot, well manured, constantly cultivated and weeded, and systematically planted, will be a source of pleasure as well as profit. Those who never had such a garden before will appreciate the value of fresh vegetables, and will find in this one way to combat the ever-advancing cost of living. There are too many who, each season, have the garden fever, plant some ground, give it perhaps one cultivation, and then neglect it, hoping for the best. A well planted and tilled vegetable garden is a joy and inspiration. Buy the best seeds, replant or re-sow any bare spaces as soon as crops are cleared, and you will be astonished what a small space will yield, if cropped intelligently and intensively. Then, when it is too late to plant any vegetable crop, sow down bare ground with red clover or winter rye, to prevent surface washing and at the same time add fertility to the soil; for these clover crops, when turned in, supply considerable nutrition ; they also give a touch of green which is very refreshing after each vanishing fall of snow. The lecture was very interesting and provoked much favorable comment. An audience of over a hundred was present, filling the lecture room to overflowing. At the close a large number of those present crowded around Mr. Craig to ask more definite in- struction on certain points. The meeting adjourned at 5. George V. Nash, Secretary. 63 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N L BRIXTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL SAMUEL THORNE JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Council Ex-Officio Members THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Elected Members F. R. PIERSON, Chairman ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON E. S. MILLER ROBT. T. BROWN ^LEMENT MOORE JOHN CANNING W. NILSSON PERCY CHUBB g. A. |IEBRECHT R. L. COTTINET f X 5vl°i?T?A^T J. W. CROMWELL J4^1^ w ^thttv M r EBEL CHAS. H. TOTTY I. S. HENDRICKSON WM. TRICpR JOHN E. LAGER l JirJSPTi-K^TT.xi'KJivT^v T A MANDA SAMUEL UNTERMYER WILLIAM ZIEGLER, Jr. Journal of tje ^horticultural ^octetpof JB^eto |9orK Vol. II, No. 5 ^^^m^^m ^^'^' ^^^^ EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Par* The International Flower Show, illustrated with six plates 65 Flower Shows: January, 1915 71 February, 1915 7a May, 1915 73 Special May Exhibition 74 Proceedings of the Society: February 17,1915 75 March 19, 1915 ; 75 May 12, 1915 76 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 3(ournal of ti^e llotttcultural ^ottetp of jBteto ^orfe INCORPORATED I9O2 Vol. II, No. 5 Quarterly MAY, 1915 By subscription $1.00 per year THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The Second International Flower Show, with which The Horti- cultural Society of New York has been directly connected, was held in the Grand Central Palace, ]\Iarch 17 to 23, in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club. It ranks among the great flower shows of the world, and has never been surpassed, if equalled, in this country for size, quality of exhibits or beauty of arrangement. It proved a financial as well as artistic success. The attendance was large, much in excess of that of the previous year. It has been fully demonstrated that New York can and will support a big show if brought to its attention. Much of its success was due to the wide publicity it received at the hands of the publicity department. The leading newspapers took the matter up and gave widespread accounts of the show during and before its progress. All connnected with the management are to be con- gratulated upon the successful results. There was so much of interest and beauty in the exhibition that one was bewildered, and it is only after the lapse of time that the big things stand out in relief. Now, after the passing of two months, certain features stand out prominently. Among these big things of sustained interest throughout were the two rose gardens, one exhibited by the F. R. Pierson Co., the other by A. N. Pierson, Inc. They represented extremely diverse types of de- sign, and each was awarded a gold medal by The Horticultural Society of New York. It was these large things of practical value which claimed the real attention of the people. It is to be hoped that the success of these two gardens will lead others to un- 65 ZJ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK dertake exhibits of this nature, illustrating gardens of other types, such, for example, as bulb gardens and rockeries. The display of table decorations was one of the prominent fea- tures of the show. No such display had ever been seen in this city before. There were three separate groups. The display on Friday, March 19, was limited to hotels only. The prize was a silver cup, valued at $100, offered by The Horticultural Society of New York. An illustration of the prize-winning table, deco- rated by the Holland House, is here reproduced. There were seven entries in this class. The tables were set for twelve, the table and accessories supplied by the exhibitors. The table decorations for sweet peas exclusively were displayed on Saturday, March 20, and were limited to private growers. There were five competitors, the first prize being won by The Wayside, Convent, N. J., the second by Thomas Nathan Strauss, Esq., of Mamaroneck, N. Y. The first prize was oft'ered by Mr. Frederic R. Newbold. The third display of table decorations was on Monday, March 22, also limited to private growers. The tables were set for eight, the table furnished by the flower show management, and the ac- cessories supplied by the exhibitors. Any flowers but sweet peas were allowed. Nine entries were made. The first prize was won by A. Lewisohn, Esq., John Canning, superintendent. This was an exquisite design. The center piece was tall with a slender support, carrying the dainty decoration well above the line of vision. The flowers used in this were acacias, Mrs. Ward roses, and Dendrohium IVardianum. The base of the vase was con- cealed with loose sprays of the same flowers, and these were also used in the bouquets. The winner of the second prize in this com- petition was W. B. Thompson, Esq., R. W. Johnston, gardener. In this the center piece was also tall, made up of individual flower holders, in which were PJialaenopsis, Schizaiithns to match in color, and Adiantum. The standard was decorated with primulas, resembling the color of the PJialaenopsis, the base being concealed by a loose mass of Schizanthus, Phalaenopsis amahilis, and Adian- tum. Loose sprays of Selaginclla marked irregular lines on the cloth, connecting the four bouquets. Special prizes were awarded to other tables as follows : Mrs. Nathan Strauss, Thos. Aitchison, 66 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK gardener, with decorations of Firefly roses and Adiantuni, silver medal; Richard Delafield, Esq., Wm. Brock, gardener, the deco- rations Mrs. Ward roses, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Freesia alba, Adiantum, and Asparagus, silver medal; Mrs. H. Darlington, P. W. Popp, gardener, with decorations of lily-of-the-valley, a hybrid cattleya, primulas, Dendrohiiim nobile, and Asparagus, spe- cial prize ; Martin J. Fitzgerald, with decorations of Chorisema, Dcndrobiuui tliyvsiflorum, Dcndrobinm Wardianum, and Adian- tum, special mention; F. N. Lewis, Esc|., W. Atkinson, gardener, with decorations of pansies, lily-of-the-valley, Adiantum, and Asparagus, silver medal. The orchid display was superb, occupying practically all of one of the transverse divisions of the hall. Commercial and private growers were well represented. The unique feature among the commercial displays was that of the Julius Roehrs Co. This was arranged in a deep case, the face representing a huge picture frame- The concealed lighting illuminated the flowers brightly, bringing out in a vivid way their intensity of color. The rose display, another of the talked-of features, was held on Saturday, March 20. Two groups were staged, one by the F. R. Pierson Co., winner of the first prize, the other by A. N. Pierson Inc., the second prize winner. The group of the F. R. Pierson Co. contained : Airs. Francis Scott Key, Crimson Queen, Ophelia, White Killarney, Killarney Brilliant, Richmond, American Beauty, Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, and Killarney Queen. The other contained : Killarney Queen, American Beauty, White Killarney, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Prince d'Arenberg, Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, and Killarney Brilliant. The groups of flowering plants and bulbs were much admired, adding great masses of color to the exhibition. Each of these cov- ered 200 square feet of space. There were six entries. Airs. D. Willis James, Wm. H. Duckham, superintendent, won" the first prize, the second going to F. E. Lewis, Esq., J. W. Smith, gardener. All admired this year the great improvement in the trade ex- hibits. They were more artistically arranged, adding much to the general effect. Only two of the retail florists of this big city saw their opportunity and made known their existence by their 67 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK presence with an exhibit. Of course exhibitors of this class saw things from the standpoint of decoration. But the dealers in other lines, many of them, realizing their possibilities, made of their commercial displays charming pictures. This evidence of an awakening to the real meaning of a show of this kind — an artis- tic and decorative exhibition — was keenly appreciated by the public, and a continuance of this endeavor will meet with a deserv- ing reward. The Red Cross Tea Garden was the big attraction. An account of the arrangements for this, including the composition of the var- ious committees in charge of the work, was given in the Febru- ary issue of this Journal. Mrs. W. K. Draper, the chairman, and Mrs. Belmont Tififany, the vice-chairman, were indefatigable in their efforts to make a success of the undertaking, and they succeeded wonderfully. ]\Ir. Wm. A. Delano designed and arranged the Tea Garden. The council of The Horticultural Society of New York awarded him a gold medal in appreciation of this. The Tea Garden was taxed to its capacity, people being turned away for want of room. Arrangements for dancing were pro- vided, in connection with the Tea Garden. In addition to all the above, there were large displays of foliage and greenhouse plants ; masses of bulbous plants, tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, lily-of-the-valley ; a superb exhibit of primulas and cyclamens, stocks and Schizanthus ; a great display of carnations and sweet peas, and a wonderful assemblage of rose exhibits; great masses of azaleas and rhododendrons and other shrubs added brightness to the general display ; stately palms formed a rich background to many of the bright colored exhibits ; in fact there was a great display of the flowers and plants at their best at that time of the year. The following medals were awarded by The Horticultural So- ciety of New York for exhibits of unusual excellence : Gold F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., for Rose Garden; A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Ct., for Rose Garden; Wm. A. Delano, 68 C y) QJ ^ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK X. Y. City, for artistic design and arrangement of the Red Cross Tea Garden. Silver Max Schling, for artistic retail display ; F. R. Pierson Co., for artistic trade display ; J. M. Thorburn & Co., for artistic trade dis- play of bulbs and flowering plants ; A. X. Pierson, Inc., for artistic trade display ; Stumpp & Walter Co., for artistic trade display of bulbs ; Bobbink & Atkins, for artistic trade display ; Julius Roehrs Co., for display of azaleas; G. E. ^I. Stumpp, for artistic retail display. The following were the members of the Flower Show Com- mittee : Representing The Horticultural Society of New York : Dr. N. L. Britton, AI. C. Ebel, T. A. Havemeyer, J. A. Manda, George V. Xash, Frederic R. X^ewbold, F. R. Pierson, James Stuart. Rep- resenting the Xew York Florists' Club : F. L. Atkins, Wm. H. Duckham, Wallace R. Pierson, Julius Roehrs, Wm. H. Siebrecht, Chas. H. Totty, Frank H. Traendley, John Young. The follow- ing officers were elected by the Joint Committee: Chairman, F. R. Pierson; Vice-chairman, T. A. Havemeyer; Treasurer, Frederic R. Xewbold ; Secretary, John Young. The following were donors of special prizes : ^Irs. James Herman Aldrich R. G. Forbes Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss ^frs. Henry C. Frick James S. Auchincloss Edward S. Harkness Geo. D. Barron Mrs. ^iTcDougall Hawkes Otto F. Behrend Adrian Iselin ^liss C. A. Bliss C. O'D. Iselin Charles Lyman Brinsmade Miss Georgine Iselin Jno. I. D. Bristol Wm. E. Iselin Airs. Arthur Scott Burden Arthur Curtis James Louis Burk Mrs. D. Willis James George E. Colon Mrs. DeLancey Kane Charles A. Dard Miss Elizabeth Kean Gherardi Davis Aliss Ellen King Mrs. George William Douglass Charles Mallory H. F. du Pont S. J. McLean Mrs. M. E. Dwight J. P. Morgan 69 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. P. Morgan William Shillaber Wm. S. Myers Mrs. F. K. Sturgis Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Mrs. James Sullivan Wm. Nilsson Mrs. Henry P. Tailer Mrs. H. Fairfield Osborn Chas. G. Thompson E. S. Pegram Wm. B. Thompson Samuel T. Peters Samuel Thorne D. G. Reid Mrs. French Vanderbilt John J. Riker Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Dr. Henry F. Walker Isaac N. Seligman Mrs. F, S. Witherbee Mrs. Chas. H. Senfif Mrs. J. Hood Wright The following special prizes were donated by those having com- mercial interests in horticulture : Cottage Gardens W. E. Marshall «& Co. Felix & Dykhuis Renter Florists' Exchange Stumpp & Walter A. Holman & Son Webber & Don Wm. F. Kasting . Wells & Co. Lord & Rurnham Co. Silver cups were donated by The Horticultural Society of New York, the New York Botanical Garden. Gov. Livingston Beeck- man, F. R. Newbold, Jas. Carter & Co.. Stuart, Low & Co., and by the following hotels: Vanderbilt, Ritz-Carlton, Aianhattan, Biltmore, Astor, and McAlpin. The Horticultural Society of New York again had a booth, located in the same place as last year. This was furnished and decorated by the Wanamaker Store without cost to the society. The floral decorations were provided by friends of the society and were arranged by Mr. Havemeyer and Mr. Troy. Two young ladies were in attendance to answer questions, and the booth, as last year, was a subject of much interest and discus- sion. It gave the society a home at the show, where friends could meet and rest. 70 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FLOWER SHOWS January This exhibition was held on Wednesday, the twentieth, at the American Museum of Natural History. Premiums were offered for orchids, carnations, sweet peas, Schizanthus, and snap- dragons. There was interesting competition in the carnation classes. The judges were: Messrs. A. Michie, Wm. Waite, and J. E. Whyte. Three prizes were offered for collections of cut blooms of or- chids, the provision being made that no competitor could enter more than one class. This was to enable those with smaller col- lections to compete. A fine collection of cut blooms of orchids, well diversified in species and varieties, gave the first prize to Lager & Hurrell, the second going to Clement Moore, J. P. Mossman, gardener. Mrs. F. A. Constable, James Stuart, gardener, also took a first prize for a smaller collection of orchid cut blooms. In the carnation classes open to all, Scott Bros, were awarded first prize for a vase of lOO blooms. A bronze medal was awarded to Jos. Sakowich for his new carnation " Hyde Park." The remaining carnation classes were open to non-commercial growers only. For a vase of 12 white G. D. Barron, Jos. Linane, gardener, won the first, the second going to D. G. Reid, A. W. Golding, superintendent. A. Lewisohn, John Canning, gardener, won first for a fine vase of 12 Enchantress shade, the second being won by D. G. Reid. The second prize for a vase of 12 Winsor shade wfis awarded to John I. Downey, Thos. Ryan, superintendent. In the class for 12 Mrs. C. W. Ward shade, the first prize winner was D. G. Reid. Adolph Lewisohn and G. D. Barron were respectively winners of the first and second prizes for vases of 12 dark pink blooms, and also for vases of 12 scarlet blooms. D. G. Reid took first prize for a vase of 12 crimson, and A. Lewisohn first prize for a vase of 12 blooms variegated. A vase of 50 blooms, one or more varieties, gave the first prize to D. G. Reid, the second to Frederick Sturges, Thos. Bell, gardener. The classes for sweet peas, Schizanthus, and snapdragons were 71 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Open to non-commercial growers only. For a vase of loo sweet peas, Mrs. F. A. Constable took first. A vase of Schizanthus gave the first prize to A. Lewisohn. Special prizes were awarded as follows: G. D. Barron, for a vase of mignonette; H. Fred. Byxbee, for cut blooms of Daphne odora, certificate of merit ; Frederick Sturges, for collection mis- cellaneous cut blooms ; T. D. Leonard, E. Yeandle, gardener, for vase of Freesias ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, for vases of Buddleia asiatica and Plumbago coccinea, with a certificate of merit for the former ; Mrs. H. Darlington, for new carnation " Mrs. H. Darlington," honorable mention ; G. E. Baldwin & Co., for a plant of Cattleya Trianae, silver medal ; Clement Moore, for collection of orchid plants in flower, silver medal and cash; R. & J. Farquhar & Co., for plant of Azalea Kaempferi, silver medal. February The exhi1)ition was held on Wednesday, the seventeenth, at the American Museum of Natural History. Premiums were of- fered for cut blooms of orchids, roses, sweet peas, Schizanthus, snapdragons, Freesias, and Narcissus. The judges were: Messrs. Wm. Cordes and J. A. Manda. In the classes for orchid cut blooms the same provision was made as in the previous month, no competitor being allowed to enter in more than one class. Lager & Hurrell won the first prize for a collection of cvit blooms, and Clement Moore first prize for a smaller collection. In the rose classes for non-commercial growers, Mrs. F. A. Constable took the first prize for a vase of 50 blooms, one or more varieties, arranged for effect. The prizes offered for sweet peas, Schizanthus, snapdragons, Freesias, and Narcissus were for non-commercial growers only. For a vase of Schizanthus Henry Goldman, Anton Bauer, gar- dener, received first, G. D. Barron second. For a vase of snap- dragons Mrs. F. A. Constable was awarded first. A vase of 50 Freesias secured for Henry Goldman first prize, G. D. Barron second. Mrs. H. Darlington won first fOr three vases of Nar- cissus. The following special prizes were awarded : ^Irs. H. Darling- 72 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK for vase of Gladiolus and vase of carnation Alma Ward ; F. C. Littleton, Samuel Batchelor, gardener, for vase of carnation Baroness de Brennen, diploma ; Geo. Schlegel, S. G. Milosy, gardener, for plant of Epidendrum atropurpureum album, di- ploma; Wm. Shillaber, J. P. Sorenson, gardener, for vase of Passiflora Banksii ; Mrs. H. Darlington, for three plants of Spiraea rubens and basket of pansies. The New York Botanical Garden made a display of cut blooms of shrubs and trees and of herbaceous plants, not for competition. Special May Exhibition This special exhibition was held on the fifteenth and sixteenth in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, for the purpose of showing to the public a fine collection of cut blooms of lilacs which Mf. T. A. Havemeyer ofifered to display. Mr. Havemeyer has a large collection of lilacs on his estate at Glen Head, Long Island, and this is the second time he has made a special display of the flowers through the Horticultural Society. It was indeed a wonderful display, the exhibit covering one of the long centre tables. Expressions of admiration were freely made on the beauty of the flowers. White, pink, lavender, violet, and the deepest black-purple, in single and double forms, were the colors. The large trusses of double lilac flowers of Leon Gambetta were striking and much admired. Clean and crisp in its pink coloring was Mad. Buchner, one of the best of the double-flowered forms. There is a freshness to this variety which is very attractive. As an expression of its appreciation of this display and of Mr: Havemeyer's desire to have the public share in his great collections, the Council awarded the society's gold medal to Mr. Havemeyer for the exhibit. Filling the large centre table in the other end of the exhibition hall was a collection of Darwin and cottage tulips which Mr. Havemeyer was instrumental in having exhibited. These were staged by John Scheepers & Co., Inc. The bulbs were planted very late in 1914 on Mr. Havemeyer's place at Glen Head, and were cultivated by him. There were 69 vases of Darwin tulips, and 24 of cottage. There was a wonderful range of colors in the Darwins — almost white with faint flushes of lavender and violet, 74 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK lavender, violet, salmon-pink, red, purple, and a series of the deepest black-purple, represented by Zulu and Velvet King, the latter with a beautiful satiny lustre. A new Darwin tulip was called Katherine Havemeyer, in honor of the wife of the presi- dent of the society. This was described as a purple-carmine, edged with buff, quite different from any other Darwin exhibited. The cottage tulips were brighter in color, with clear colors. The Darwins run to soft colors, giving them a great value for cut flowers for which their long stiff' stems make them further desirable. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY February 17, 191 5 A meeting of the society, accompanied by an exhibition, was held on Wednesday, February 17, 1915, at the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. Southwick presiding. The minutes of January 20, 19 15, were read and approved. The name of the following person, approved by the Council for associate membership, was presented to the society for action: S. G. ^lilosy The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for his election. This was done and the person declared elected an associate member of the society. There being no further business before the meeting, the lecture announced for the day was delivered by Mr. W. H. ]\IcCollom, on " The Small Greenhouse : Its Use and Abuse." Meeting adjourned at 5 o'clock. George V. Nash, Secretary. AIarch 19, 191 5 A meeting of the society was held on Friday, March 19, 191 5, at the New Grand Central Palace, Lexington Ave. and 46th St., at 4 P.M., the president presiding. The minutes of the meeting of February 17, 1915, were read and approved. 75 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The names of the following persons, having been approved by the Council for membership, were referred to the society for action : Life G. E. AI. Stumpp Annual Mrs. A. Henry Mosle, John Scheepers, Miss Marianne Schurz, Mrs. W. K. Draper, Mrs. Newbold LeRoy Edgar, Mrs. Arthur Burden, Miss Louise Sands, Miss Paulding, Miss Maude Wet- more, Mrs. B. Tiffany, Mrs. L. C. French, Mrs. Justus Ruperti, Mrs. Thomas R. French, Miss Annabella S. Olyphant, Chas. W. Knight, Mrs. M. E. Hewitt, Mrs. Frank Potter, Mrs. N. C. Reynal, Aliss Bertha Pagenstecher, Aliss Josephine Barnes Hall, R. G. Hollaman, Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy. Associate Wm. R. Seymour The secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. ]\Ieeting adjourned at 4: I5- George V. Nash, Secretary. May 12, 1915 The annual meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, May 12, 1915, at 5 P.M., at the Manhattan Hotel, Madison Ave. and 42d St., Dr. Britton presiding. There being no quorum, the meeting was adjourned to Satur- day, June 5, 1915, 4:45 P.M., in the Lecture Hall, Museum Build- ing, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. George V. Nash, Secretary. 76 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL SAMUEL THORNE JAMES WOOD Treasurer ,F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Council Ex- Officio Members THE OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Elected Members F. R. PIERSON, Chairman ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON E. S. MILLER ROBT. T. BROWN CLEMENT MOORE JOHN CANNING W. NILSSON PERCY CHUBB H. A. SIEBRECHT R. L. COTTINET E. B. SOUTHWICK J. W. CROMWELL JAMES STUART M. C. EBEL CHAS. H. TOTTY I. S. HENDRICKSON WM. TRICKER JOHN E. LAGER J. H. TROY J. A. MANDA SAMUEL UNTERMYER WILLIAM ZIEGLER, Je, Journal of t))e Horticultural Soctetpof #eto porfe Vol. II, No. 6 ^S^^^ AUGUST, 1915 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS F«ff* Fall Exhibitions 77 New OflSces of the Society 77 Establishment of a Rose Garden 79 Proceedings of the Society: June 5, 191 5, with Amendments to the Act of Incorporation and Con- stitution, and Adoption of the By-Laws ^ 80 Fifteenth Annual Report of the Council 8g Treasurer's Statement, for the year ending May 12, 1915 93 Membership, for the year ending May 12, 1915 93 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW BRA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural ^ociet? of jBteto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 IL*?';.^. ====^===================.===== ^^^^ ^"^' Vnl [I \fr> R '^^"^'' AIIHTNT 1 Q 1 =; Free to Members "-NJC. VUl.ll,i>U. U Quarterly nUUUOl, IVIJ By subscription $1.00 per year ^t-iiiDPh' FALL EXHIBITIONS There will be two exhibitions the coming fall — a Dahlia Ex- hibition and the usual Fall Exhibition. In cooperation with the recently organized American Dahlia Society an exhibition of this flower, which is becoming increasingly popular, will be held Fri- day, Saturday and Sunday, September 24 to 26, at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History. A large prize list has been prepared, which it is hoped will result in the largest dahlia exhi- bition ever given in this city. xA.ll interested in this truly Amer- ican flower, a native of the high mountains of Mexico, are invited to make this initial exhibition of the new society a marked success. The regular Fall Exhibition will be held at the American Museum of Natural History November 4 to 7. This is the time when the chrysanthemum holds the chief place. In addition to the large premium list prepared for this flower, many prizes have been offered also for roses, carnations, foliage and other decora- tive plants, and orchids. Schedules are now ready and will be sent on application to the secretary. NEW OFFICES OF THE SOCIETY The New York Botanical Garden, with which this society is actively cooperating in fostering and increasing an awakening interest in horticulture, has recently acquired, as an addition to its area, about one hundred and fifty acres, the remaining por- tion of Bronx Park lying between the Botanical Garden and the 77 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK New York Zoological Park. Within this newly acquired terri- tory is the Lorillard Mansion. Certain rooms in this building will be occupied as offices of the society, under permission granted by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, as set forth in the following communications : April 17, 1915. Mr. George V. Nash, Secretary, Horticultural Society of New York, New York Botanical Garden. Bronx Park, New York City, Dear Sir: I have the honor to transmit the following resolution adopted by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden at a meet- ing held April 15, 1915: Resolved: That the Director-in-Chief be, and he hereby is, authorized to permit The Horticultural Society of New York to occupy rooms in the Lorillard Mansion as offices, until otherwise instructed, it being understood that no expenses directly connected with such occupancy shall be borne by the New York Botanical Garden. Yours truly, (signed) N. L. Britton, Secretary. May 13, 1915. Dr. N. L. Britton, Secretary, Board of Managers, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City, Dear Sir: Referring to your communication of April 17, 1915, in which you transmit a resolution of the Board of Managers relating to the occu- pancy by this society as offices of certain rooms in the Lorillard Mansion, I would say that I have the honor to transmit the following resolution, adopted by the Council of The Horticultural Society of New York at a meeting held May 8, 1915 : Resolved: That the offer of the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, to permit The Horticultural Society of New York to occupy rooms in the Lorillard Mansion as offices, as expressed in the reso- lution passed by that body on April 15, 1915, and transmitted by the secre- tary of the Board of Managers in a letter dated April 17, 1915, be and is hereby accepted, with full appreciation of its value, and that the thanks of The Horticultural Society of New York be and are hereby extended to the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden for this gener- ous action on their part. Yours truly, (signed) George V. Nash, Secretary. 78 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ESTABLISHMENT OF A ROSE GARDEN The establishment of a Rose Garden has been assured by an agreement between the New York Botanical Garden and The Horticultural Society of New York, as expressed in the follow- ing correspondence : April 17, 1915. Mr. George V. Nash, Secretary, Horticultural Society of New York, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City, Dear Sir: I have the honor to inform you that at a meeting of the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden held April 15, 191 5, co- operation of the Garden with The Horticultural Society of New York was authorized for the establishment and maintenance of a rose garden in the vallejf south of the Lorillard Mansion in Bronx Park, now occupied by an herbaceous garden planted b}^ the Park Department, The Horticultural So- ciety of New York to supply the rose plants and the maintenance of the plantation to be accomplished by the Garden. Yours truly, (signed) N. L. Britton, Secretary. May 13, 1915. Dr. N. L. Britton, Secretary, Board of Managers, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City, Dear Sir: Referring to your communication of April 17, 1915, relating to your offer, on behalf of the New York Botanical Garden to cooperate with this society in the establishment of a rose garden, I have the honor to inform you that at a meeting of the Council of The Horticultural So- ciety of New York, held May 8, 1915, the following resolution was adopted : Resolved: That the offer of the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, as expressed in a letter transmitted by the secretary of that body, dated April 17, 1915, to cooperate with The Horticultural Society of New York in the establishment and maintenance of a rose garden in Bronx Park, the Horticultural Society to furnish the rose plants, and the Garden to accomplish the maintenance of the plantation, be and hereby is accepted, and that the thanks of The Horticultural Society of New York be and hereby are extended to the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden for its offer of cooperation in this matter. Yours truly, (signed) George V. Nash, Secretary. 79 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY June 5, 1915 INIinutes of the adjourned annual meeting of the members of The Horticultural Society of New York, held in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, on the fifth day of June, 1915, at 4:45 o'clock, the president presiding. Present, more than 25 members, constituting a quorum. The minutes of the meeting held on May 12th, 191 5, at which there was not present a quorum of the Society, were read and approved. The following applicants for membership have been approved by the Council and referred to the Society for action : Life Mrs. Harold Brown, Miss Olivia Cutting, Hermand R. Emmet, Wm. F. Kasting, Mrs. Daniel S. Lamont. |no. H. Love, Patrick Welch. Annual Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss, K. R. Boynton, Miss Mary A. Cal- lender, Wm. Adams Delano, Miss Clementin Furniss, Miss Bell Gurnee, Miss Edith Haas, Mrs. Newlin Hooper, Mrs. Richard Irvin, Roman J. Irwin, John F. Johnston, Robt. Marshall, Harry O. May, B. Frank Mebane, Miss Anne Morgan, Mrs. N. Thayer Robb, Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt, Mrs. J. H. Sears, Mrs. Frederick A. Snow, Robert S. Stephenson, Lispenard Stewart, Mrs. How- ard L. Thomas, E. C. Vick, Mrs. E. C. Vick, Mrs. J. Hall Brown- ing, F. J. Burgdorff, Miss Edith Bryce, Arthur Golding. The secretary was instructed to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. The following resignations were accepted with regret : I. M. Stettenheim, Pierre Jay, F. C. Dorman, Gerald L. Hoyt, Daniel M. Stimson, Wm. H. BHz-Zard, Oliver J. Wells, Paul J. Sachs, Samuel P. Avery, Geo. E. Dimock, Mrs. R. C. Rathborne. On motion, duly seconded, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : 80 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Resolved: That the date of the annual meeting of the Society be, and hereby is, changed from the second Wednesday in May (as now fixed by the Certificate of Incorporation) to the second Saturday in May; and that the number of Directors of the So- ciety be changed, and hereby is changed, from thirty (as now fixed by the Certificate of Incorporation) to twenty-one; and that the necessary steps be taken to comply with Sections 14 and 15 of the Membership Corporation Law of the State of New York in respect to such changes and amendments of the Certifi- cate of Incorporation accordingly. The Secretary of the Society then presented to the meeting the following notice, proposed amendments to the Constitution, and resolution of the Council approving and recommending the same for adoption by the Members of the Society at this adjourned annual meeting, and stated that copies of the said notice and proposed amendments had been duly mailed to each member more than fifteen days before the regular meeting of the Council held on May 12, 191 5, pursuant to Article XI of the Constitution, and said resolution duly unanimously adopted by the Council at its meeting held May 12, 1915, viz.: Notice is hereby given that at the regular meeting of the Board of Directors or Council of The Horticultural Society of New York, to be held at the Manhattan Hotel, Madison Ave. and 42d St. on the 12th day of May, 1915, being the second Wednesday in May, the date fixed by the Certificate of Incorporation for the annual meeting of the Society, at four o'clock P. M., the follow- ing proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Society will be presented for approval by the Directors and recommendation for adoption at the annual meeting of the Society (to be held on the same day after the said meeting of the Council), viz.: Article I of the Constitution to be amended so as to include the title " Name." Article II of the Constitution to be amended so as to include the title " Objects." Article III of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : "Directors. — The Board of Directors (also referred to as the Coun- cil) shall consist of twenty-one (21) members. The Council shall have 81 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK charge of all business of the Society and shall submit a report of the proceedings at each annual meeting of the Society and whenever in- structed so to do by the Society. Seven (7) Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A less number may adjourn. The Council may appoint committees for the direction of the work of the Society, either from its own membership or from the general mem- bership of the Society, or both. The composition of all committees shall be reported to the Society at the next meeting subsequent to the forma- tion of any Committee. The Directors shall be elected by ballot. The Directors to be elected at the annual meeting to be held in May, 191 5, shall be divided into three classes, each of seven (7) Directors. The first class shall hold office for three years ; the second class for two years ; and the third class for one year from the date of their election, or until their suc- cessors shall be elected, respectively. Seven (7) Directors shall be there- after elected at the annual meeting of the Society held on the second Sat- urday of May of each year, and shall hold office for three years following their election or until their successors are elected, respectively. Any va- cancies that may occur among the Directors from any cause whatever (other than by expiration of term of service as hereinabove provided), may be filled by the Council at any regular or special meeting." Article IV of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : " Officers. — The officers of the Society shall be a President, three Vice- Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary. Their duties shall be those usually appertaining to these offices. The officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors from among their number each year at the meeting of the Board immediately following the annual meeting of members. They shall assume office as soon as elected and shall hold office for one year or until the election of their successors. The Board of Directors shall annually elect from their number a Chairman, who shall preside at all meetings of the Council. The Secretary of the Society shall also be the Secretary of the Council. The Treasurer shall give such bond as may be approved by the Council. Any vacancies that may occur among the officers from any cause whatever (other than by expiration of term of service as above provided) may be filled by the Council at any regular or special meeting." Article V of the Constitution to be amended so as to include the word " Committees " as a title. Article VI of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : "Members. — The Society shall consist of Annual Members, Associate Members, Corresponding Members, Honorary Members, Patrons, Sustain- ing Members and Life Members. The members shall be such as are elected 82 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK under that designation and conform to the regulations of the Society. Corresponding, Associate and Honorary Members may hold seats in the meetings of the Society and make suggestions for the promotion of its objects. They shall not be eligible to office nor entitled to vote. Honorary Members may be chosen from horticulturists who have distinguished them- selves by important original investigations, and shall be elected in number to ten. Any person contributing two hundred and fifty ($250) dollars or more at any one time to the funds of the Society shall be designated a Patron. Any member contributing twenty-five ($25) dollars a year to the Society shall become a Sustaining Member, and if such membership be continued for ten successive years, such Sustaining Member shall become a Patron of the Society." Article VII of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : " Members. — Each annual member, upon his election, and annually there- after, shall pay to the treasurer the sum of five dollars. Members may become life members by the payment of fifty dollars at any one time. Associate members shall be elected in the manner prescribed for members. They shall have all the rights and privileges of active members except vot- ing and holding office, and may become active members at any time sub- sequent to their election by paying the dues prescribed. The annual dues for associate members shall be one dollar." Article IX of the Constitution to be amended so as to include the word " Meetings " as a title. Article X of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : " Annual Meeting. Quorum. — The annual meeting of the Society shall be held on the second Saturday in May in each year. A quorum of the Society for the transaction of business at any meeting shall consist of nine members." Article XI of the Constitution to be amended to read as follows : "Amendments. — Amendments to the Constitution may be made by a majority vote of the annual meeting of the Society on the recommendation ,of a two-thirds vote of the Directors present at any stated meeting not less than fifteen (15) days' notice of such stated meeting of the Council and of the proposed amendments having been given to each Director." It is also proposed at the same meeting of the Council to rec- ommend to the members of the Society that at the annual meet- ing of the Society the date of the annual meeting be changed from the second Wednesday in May (as now fixed by the Certifi- cate of Incorporation) to the second Saturday in May (as str.ted 83 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in the Constitution), and that the number of Directors be changed from thirty (30) (as now fixed by the Certificate of Incorpora- tion) to twenty-one (21) (as provided in the foregoing proposed amendments), and that the necessary steps be taken to comply with Sections 14 and 15 of the Membership Corporation Law of the State of New York in respect to such changes and amend- ments of the Certificate of Incorporation accordingly. George V. Nash, Secretary. April 24, 191 5. Resolved: That the proposed amendments to the constitution of The Horticultural Society of New York (which amendments have been presented to the Council at this meeting and are here- inabove set forth at length and due notice of which amendments has been heretofore duly given to each director of the society pursuant to Article XI of the Constitution) be and the same are hereby unanimously approved and recommended by the Council to the members of the Society for approval and adoption at the Annual fleeting to be held today, or at any adjourned meetmg thereof, pursuant to said Article XI of said Constitution, and that the secretary be and he hereby is directed to present at the said annual meeting a copy of said notice, and proposed amendments, and of this Resolution accordingly. On motion, duly seconded, the following resolution was un- animously adopted : Resolved: That the proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Society as presented to this meeting by the Secretary, and duly unanimously approved and recommended by the Council of the Society at its regular meeting held May 12th, 1915, for ap- proval and adoption by the Members of the Society at this meet- ing pursuant to Article XI of the Constitution (which amend- ments are hereinabove set forth at length) be, and the same hereby are, in all things approved and adopted as amendments to said Constitution. The secretary also presented to the meeting a copy of the fol- lowing By-Laws of the Society and of the following resolution of the Council of the Society approving the same and recom- 84 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK mending their approval and adoption by the Members of the So- ciety at this meeting, viz. : BY-LAWS OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ARTICLE I Membership Section i. — Associate Members. Only professional gardeners are to be eligible to associate membership in the Society. Section 2. — Privileges of Members. Each member of the Society shall be entitled to the following privileges: (i) To have free admission to all exhibitions of the Society. (2) To receive all the publications of the So- ciety under rules established by the Board of Directors. (3) To be pres- ent at all meetings of the Society. Each member of the Society, except Honorary, Associate and Corre- sponding members, shall be entitled to vote at all meetings of the Society. Section 3. — Proposals for Membership. Any member of the Society may propose candidates as patrons of the Society, or for life membership, sustaining membership, annual membership, or associate membership, or as honorary and corresponding members to the Membership Committee. Such proposal shall be made in writing, and shall be accompanied by a statement of the qualifications of any such candidate for membership. Section 4. — Elections. The President or presiding officer shall appoint a committee of three to receive, sort and count the votes given at every regular, special or annual meeting, and report the number. A plurality shall elect, and the President or presiding officer shall declare who are elected. Voting by proxy shall not be allowed at any meeting. ARTICLE II Directors or Councillors Section i.— Vacancies. The Board of Directors shall fill any vacancy -occurring in the membership of the Board (otherwise than by expiration of the term of service as provided in the Constitution), the person so elected to serve as director until the next annual election after the occur- rence of a vacancy, when such vacancy (in whichever class of directors the same may have occurred) shall be filled by election by the members of the Society. Section 2.— Removal. The Board of Directors may at any time, in its discretion, by a majority vote of those present at any meeting, remove any officer and fill the vacancy created by such removal, and shall have general power in its discretion to direct the appointment and removal of all em- ployees of the Society. The Board of Directors shall also have power, in 85 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK its discretion, by a majority vote of those present at any meeting, to declare vacant the seat of any director who shall have been absent from three suc- cessive meetings of the Board, and also by a vote of the majority of the whole Board to remove any member or director for cause. ARTICLE III Officers Section i. — Temporary Treasurer. In case of the absence or disability of the Treasurer, the Directors may appoint a Treasurer pro tem., who need not be a member of the Board of Directors, and shall have such powers of the Treasurer and for such time as the Board may direct. Section 2. — Temporary Secretary. In case of the absence or disability of the Secretary, the Directors may appoint a Secretary pro tem., who need not be a member of the Board, and who shall have such powers of the Secretary and for such time as the Board may direct. Section 3. — Inspectors of Election. Two Inspectors of Election and two Alternates shall be elected at each annual meeting of the members of the Society to serve at the next annual meeting and at all special meetings of the members prior thereto, who shall perform their duties as provided by law, provided that the two Inspectors of Election to serve at the An- nual Meeting in May, 1915, shall be appointed by the presiding officer of said meeting. ARTICLE IV Exhibitions The Board of Directors shall arrange for exhibitions of flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables in each year, and shall have entire charge of arrange- ments for conducting the same, and for the awarding of prizes, and may in their discretion appoint persons outside of the membership of the So- ciety for such purposes. ARTICLE V Seal The seal of the Society shall be circular, and shall contain the name and year of incorporation, " The Horticultural Society of New York, 1902," around the circumference. An impression of the seal is made upon this page of these By-Laws, as follows : 86 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ARTICLE VI Prizes Prizes and gratuities may be awarded by the Board of Directors or by such committees or judges as may be appointed by them for such purpose, to any person for the exhibition of any fruits, plants, flowers or vegeta- bles, either for their kind or uncommon excellence; or for any new and successful method of cultivating any variety of fruits, flowers, plants, trees, shrubs or vegetables, or for any other objects immediately connected with horticulture, or for the essential advancement of the objects of the Society in any way. No gratuities shall be awarded for any object which shall have been entered or exhibited for a prize. No award shall be made for any unworthj^ exhibit, and no gratuity shall be of larger amount than the lowest prize established for the same exhibit. ARTICLE VII Amendments These By-Laws may be altered, added to or repealed by the Directors, by a majority vote of the Directors present at any stated or special meeting of Council (subject, however, to the provisions of Section ii. Subsection 5, of the General Corporation Law of the State of New York), or by the members of the Society by a majority vote of the members present at any annual, regular or special meeting of the members, provided, however, that the notice of such meeting shall also give notice of the proposed amend- ment, and provided further, that no such amendment inconsistent with the Society's Constitution shall be adopted, except as provided in Article XI of that Constitution. Resolved, That the following By-Laws be, and the same herebj^ are, unanimously approved and adopted by the Council as By-Laws of the Society and recommended for approval and adoption as such By-Laws by the members of the Society at its annual meeting to-day, or at any ad- journed meeting thereof. On niotion, duly seconded, it was unanimously Resolved: That the By-Laws of the Society duly approved and adopted by the Council of the Society at its meeting held on May 12, 191 5 (which By-Laws are hereinabove set forth at length) be, and the same hereby are, in all things ratified, ap- proved and adopted as By-Laws of the Society. In compliance with Article III, Section 3, of the above By- Laws two inspectors of election were appointed by the chair to act at the present meeting. These were J. H. Barnhart and Max Schling. Also in accordance with Article III, Section 3, of the By-Laws two inspectors of election and two alternates were 87 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK elected to act during the coming year. The two inspectors elected are : J. H. Barnhart and Max Schling ; the two alternates, A. Lahodny and Robert Koehne. Nominations for Directors were then called for. In accord- ance with Article III of the Constitution, as amended this day, the following nominations for directors were placed before the meeting : For a term of three years T. A. Havemeyer F. R. Newbold N. L. Britton George V. Nash Geo. T. Powell F. R. Pierson Patrick O'Mara For a term of tzvo years Julius Roehrs Robt. T. Brown J. A. Manda I. S. Hendrickson James Stuart John E. Lager John Canning For a term of one year G. E. M. Stumpp Chas. H. Totty M. C. Ebel Wm. Tricker F. L. Atkins J. H. Troy E. B. South wick There being no other nominations before the meeting, the above nominations were voted upon. The votes were collected and counted by the two inspectors, who announced the unanimous election of the above nominees. The chair thereupon declared the above nominees elected. The election of a delegate to represent this society upon the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences then took place. Dr. N. L. Britton was nominated to succeed himself, and was duly elected. There being no further business before the meeting, adjourn- ment was taken at 5 : 15 P. M. George V. Nash, Secretary. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL Presented May 12, 191 5 The close of the fifteenth year of the society, the thirteenth of its incorporation, finds it in a successful and prosperous condi- tion. Its membership is constantly increasing, and it is taking in the horticultural world a place in keeping with its aims and ideals. Plans for its future are being developed which will add greatly to its usefulness. One of the most important events in the history of the society is embodied in an arrangement recently entered into with the New York Botanical Garden, and opens up a new field of useful- ness for the society. The New York Botanical Garden has re- cently acquired, as an addition to its present area, the portion of Bronx Park situated between the Garden and the New York Zoological Park. In this is included the Lorillard Mansion. The Board of Managers of the Garden offered to the society rooms in this building to be used as offices, and the offer has been accepted by the Council of the Horticultural Society, thus pro- viding the society with a permanent home. The details of this transaction will appear in the Journal. An offer was also made by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden to cooperate with The Horticultural So- ciety in the establishment and maintenance of a rose garden. This offer has been accepted by the Council, the arrangement providing that The Horticultural Society of New York shall fur- nish the rose plants, and that the New York Botanical Garden shall accomplish the maintenance of the rose garden. This rose garden will be situated in a little valley south of the Lorillard Mansion. Meetings of the society, usually accompanied by exhibitions, and of its Council have been held as follows : There were seven meetings of the society, those from May to September at the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History, ex- cept that for March which was held at the Grand Central Palace during the progress of the International Flower Show. These meetings, accompanied by exhibitions, were as follows : 89 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK May p, 1914. Annual meeting, with election of officers and members of the Council. A lecture in the Garden course was delivered on this date by Dr. N. L. Britton on " Wild Flowers of Spring." June 6. Mr. Geo. T. Powell delivered a lecture in the Garden course on " The Soil, the Basis of Success in Gardening and in Other Lines of Productive Work." September 26. A Garden course lecture by Dr. N. L. Britton on " Wild Flowers of Autumn." October ji. A business meeting only, during the progress of the fall show. Januarv 20, ipij. Lecture by Mr. W. N. Craig on "A Year's Supply from the Home Garden." February ly. Lecture by Mr. W. N. McCollom on " The Small Greenhouse : Its Use and Abuse." March ip. A business meeting only, held during the progress of the International Flower Show at the Grand Central Palace. Eight regular exhibitions were held during the year, those from May to September in the Museum building. New York Botanical Garden, on Saturdays and Sundays ; the remainder, with the exception of the spring show, at the American Museum of Natural History. These exhibitions were as follows : May p and 10, IP14. Held in connection with the annual meeting. June 6 and 7. This was arranged for roses and peonies. August 15 and 16. A gladiolus show mainly. September 26 and 2^. A very successful exhibition of dahlias, with a symposium on this flower, in which many experts and others participated. October jo to November 5. The Annual Fall Exhibition, held, as usual, at the American Museum of Natural History, with the permission of the trustees. On the evening of the opening day a private view was afforded to the members of the Society, the Museum, and affiliated organizations. The treasurer was authorized to solicit contributions to a special fund for meeting the expenses connected with this exhibition, and 90 members re- sponded to the request. January 20, ipi^. Mainly for orchids and carnations. 90 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK February ly. Primarily for orchids and roses. March I'j to 2^. International Flower Show, held at Grand Central Palace in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club. This was the largest and most successful exhibition in which the society has participated. It was a larger and better show than that of the previous year, and the arrangement of the exhibits was more artistic. An announcement of this exhibition appeared in the February issue of the Journal, and a detailed and illus- trated account of it will also be published in the same periodical. The Horticultural Society maintained a booth, with lady at- tendants in charge, where members of the society and their friends were welcomed. One of the factors contributing to the uccess of the show was the Red Cross Tea Garden. The pro- ceeds derived from the admission charge to this went to the American Red Cross and to the non-combatant relief committees. The New York Botanical Garden ofifered the premiums for the exhibition from May to September, these to be awarded by the exhibition committee of the Council of The Horticultural Society of New York. In addition to the above exhibitions, the American Sweet Pea Society held its Sixth Annual Exhibition and Convention under the auspices of the Horticultural Society, at the American Mu- seum of Natural History, June 27 and 28, 1914. The Horti- cultural Society offered $200 in premiums at this exhibition. A conference of the Women's National Agricultural and Hor- ticultural Association was held, under the auspices of The Hor- ticultural Society of New York, at the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, on Friday, May 7, 1914. This brought together representatives from different parts of the United States interested in women's work as viewed from the standpoint of this organization. There were eleven meetings of the Council, one preceding each meeting of the society, and four others. Vol. I of the Journal was concluded with the issue for Feb- ruary, 1914, including numbers i to 18, inclusive, April, 1906, to February, 1914. This volume contains 322 pages and 21 plates. Vol. II began with the issue for May, 1914, no. i, with 26 pages and 6 plates ; no. 2, issued August, 1914, contained 8 pages ; no. 3, 91 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK issued November, 1914, contained 14 pages and 5 plates ; no. 4, issued February, 1915, contained 16 pages; total, 64 pages and II plates. The membership of the society is now 638, divided as follows: patrons, 6; sustaining member, i; life members, 150; annual members, 478; associate members, 3. The total number of new members during the year is 96, of which 12 are life, 82 annual, and 2 associate. The losses in membership are as follows : by death, 10, two of which were life members; by resignation, 21; dropped on account of non-payment of dues, 16; total, 47. This leaves a net gain for the year of 49. Three annual members be- came life members during the year by the payment of the neces- sary fee. An invitation was extended to the American Rose Society to hold its June exhibition with us in 191 5. Notices of proposed amendments to the constitution, to be considered at the annual meeting. May 12, 1915, were sent to all members at least fifteen days before the meeting, in compliance with the law. At the International Flower Show, held March 17 to 23, 191 5, three gold, ten silver, and one bronze medals were awarded to exhibits of unusual excellence. A list of the membership and also a report of the treasurer are appended to this report. George V. Nash, F. R. Pierson, Secretary. Chairman. TREASURER'S STATEMENT For the year ending May 12, 1915 Permanent Fund Receipts Expenditures Fund, May, 1914 $10,802.91 Broadway Saving Insti- Life members 800.00 tute permanent account $ 5.73 Interest account 617.75 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank 551-20 Flower Show, 1914 410.00 William Barr Memorial Fund 530.60 U. S. Steel, 50 shares preferred stock 5,761.26 92 f THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Buf., Roch. and Pitts. Equip. Trust Bonds . . 5,000.00 $11,848.79 Cash in general account. 781.87 $12,630.66 $12,630.66 General Fund Receipts Expenditures Cash balance from 1914 Petty cash account : account $ 151.38 Secretary $ 230.00 Sale publications 18.50 Treasurer 48.02 Annual dues 2,752.00 Printing account 492.00 Special fund, November Flower Show Booth, 1915 199.10 Show, 1914 1,691.00 Prizes paid i, 777-45 $4,612.88 Salary, secretary 500.00 Cash from permanent fund 781.87 Salary, assistant to secre- tary 240.00 Medals 101.50 Expense account 666.46 Vases 28.22 $4,282.75 Cash account balance 1,112.00 $5,394-75 $5^94-75 Actual cash balance in general account $ 330.13 Frederic R. Newbold, Treasurer. MEMBERSHIP For the Year Ending May 12, 1915 Patrons Mrs. William Barr Mrs. Chas. H. Senff Archer M. Huntington Miss Emily Trevor Mrs. Russell Sage Mrs. J. B. Trevor Sustaining Member Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Life Members Edward D. Adams Constant A. Andrews Cornelius Rea Agnew John D. Archbold Miss Mary S. Ames Dr. S. T. Armstrong 93 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. Geo. F. Baker, Jr. Mrs. Chris. M. Bell E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Mrs. Wm. H. Bliss George Bliimenthal Mrs. Harold Brown Geo. McKesson Brown Louis Burk F. V. Burton W. R. Callender Miss K. L. Cammann Mrs. Ina Campbell Mrs. Louis S. Chanler Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb W. Colgate Mrs. F. A. Constable W. S. Conyngham R. L. Cottinet Mrs. Bayard Cutting Miss Olivia Cutting Chas. H. Davis Gherardi Davis Mrs. Gherardi Davis Charles Deering Mrs. John R. Delafield Eugene Delano Mrs. Henry F. Dimock Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge Russell Doubleday Hermand R. Emmet A. F. Estabrook James B. Ford Amos Tuck French H. P. Frothineham Francis P. Garvan George J. Gould Mrs. C. W. Harkness E. S. Harkness Mrs. E. S. Harkness Chas. J. Harrah Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Mrs. C. H. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Thos. H. Hubbard Adrian Iselin, Jr. Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Ernest Iselin Mrs. Arthur Curtis James Mrs. D. Willis James Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones Wm. F. Kasting Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Mrs. Daniel S. Lamont Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier Meyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman Mrs. Wm. G. Loew John H. Love Jas. A. Macdonald Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Emerson McMillin A. G. Mills Ogden Mills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan Newbold Morris Richard Mortimer, Jr. 94 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF XEW YORK Hon. Levi P. Morton Abram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Dudley Olcott Dr. James H. Parker Jas. C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps F. R. Pierson Miss B. Potter Frederick T. Proctor Mrs. Percy R. Pyne William A. Read Geraldyn Redmond Mrs. G. H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson Mrs. Burke Roche Julius Roehrs Thos. Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee Grant B. Schley R. J. F. Schwarzenbach ^Irs. W. D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. C. R. Agnew G. E. M. Stumpp Wm. H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson Mrs. Fred'k F. Thompson Wm. B. Thompson Samuel Thorne H. M. Tilford Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer Mrs. French Vanderbilt F. W. Vanderbilt D. B. Van Emburgh Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig W. A. Wadsworth Henry Walters Felix M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg Mrs. John H. Warren Thomas G. Washburn John I. Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney \\'ebster Patrick \\'elch George Peabody Wetmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. Willets Mrs. W. Orme Wilson Edmond E. Wise Mrs. A. Woerishoffer John Young Wm. Ziegler, Jr. Annual Members Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich • Douglas Alexander 95 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. E. Alexandre Mrs. Frederick Allien Copley Amory A. J. C. Anderson George S. Anderson Francis J. Arend Geo. Arents W. J. Arkell Mrs. G. C. Arnold F. L. Atkins W. C. Atwater Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss Jas. C. Auchincloss Ledyard Avery Samuel P. Avery G. E. Baldwin Mrs. T. H. Barber Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Miss M. L. Baugh Otto F. Behrend Wm. F. Beller August Belmont C. D. Bendheim Miss Mary Benson A. Bieschke Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bhss Wm. Elmore Bliz-Zard Miss Eleanor Blodgett S. J. Bloomingdale Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner S. R. Bradley A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John L D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Jos. H. Bromley Miss Aneita D. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. S. A. Brown F. W. Bruggerhof Edwin M. Bulkley Mrs. Edwin M. Bulkley L. Duncan Bulkley Wm. Bunker Harry A. Bunyard Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden John Butterworth Miss Mary R. Callender Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss L M. Cammann James Campbell John Canning Wm. T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart James Chambers John Lewis Childs G. C. Clausen Mrs. A. Clayburgh Valentine Cleres Mrs. Alfred M. Coats C. A. Coffin Michael Coghlan Miss E. Coleman R. J. Collier Geo. Edward Colon Mrs. Wm. Combe 96 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Roland R. Conklin W'm. Cordes F. R. Cordley Mrs. W. S. Cowles F. D. Crane Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford John D. Crimmins Mrs. Thos. Crimmins James W. Cromwell Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. deForest B. F. DeKlyn J. R. De Lamar Warren Delano J. James de Vyver Mrs. C. D. Dickey C. F. Dietrich Miss A. M. Dike George E. Dimock Francis P. Dodge Dr. F. C. Dorman Mrs. \Y. H. Doughty Mrs. Geo. W. Douglas J. Douglas David Dows Charles A. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight Mrs. Fred. H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar Miss L. R. Edgar I\Irs. N. LeRoy Edgar George Ehret Abraham Erlanger Milton S. Erlanger A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel ^Irs. Max Farrand Wm. Hyatt Farrington Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson Wm. H. Fischer ]Mrs. Peter Fletcher L. G. Forbes J. B. Foulke Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. G. Eraser Andrew Freedman Mrs. L. C. French ]\Irs. Thomas R. French A. S. Frissell J. W. Frothingham Miss Clementin Furniss Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin J. E. Gay ]\Irs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robt. \\\ Gibson Henry Gleason James W. Goodier J. J. Goodwin W. S. Gordon Paul Gottheil Chas. Gotthelf G. C. Graves Miss E. R. Greenwood 97 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Wm. Preston Griffin Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. C. Griswold, Sr. A. M. Guinzburg Miss Bell Gurnee ]Miss Edith Haas John C. Haddock Daniel S. Hage Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall Miss Josephine Barnes Hall L. G. Hamersley Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris T. A. Havemeyer Miss Frances A. L. Haven Mrs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. Wm. S. Hawk Mrs. G. J. Helmer Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson Mrs. M. E. Hewitt Mrs. Peter C. Hewitt Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Fred'k Delano Hitch Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Airs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Richard Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt Gerald L. Hoyt IMiss Gertrude L. Hoyt Thos. L. Hughes Thomas Hunt Mrs. R. Huntington Henry Hurrell Coulter D. Huyler Frank DeK. Huyler Wm. Inglis 'Sirs. Richard Irvin Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Leon Israel ]Martin R. Jacobus Miss Mary R. Jay Pierre Jay Alfred W. Jenkins Robert E. Jennings Mrs. Sidney J. Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan R. M. Johnston John Jones ]\Irs. S. Beach Jones Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. De Lancy Kane Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller F. W. Kelsey E. Kempenaar Clarence Kenyon Mrs. Willis Sharpe Kilmer Mrs. Edward King Miss Isabella C. King Charles W. Knight 98 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Thomas Knight C. Kohhnan Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Miss M. Lawrence Emanuel Levy x^dolph Lewisohn Paul Lichtenstein Aliss Anne P. Livingston John G. Livingston J. H. Livingstone, Jr. Mrs. G. Livingstone Hugo V. Loewi Frank J. Logan Miss Hilda Loines Horace D. Lyon Dr. D. T. MacDougal Jas. M. MacMachan Mrs. F. Robert ]\Iager Charles Mallory A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda J. A. Marsh Alex. L. Marshall W. E. Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Marston George Massey W. J. Matheson Dr. D. H. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg James McLean B. Frank Mebane Herman W. Merkel Mrs. Payson Merrill Edwin O. Meyer A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell William Mitchell Mrs. E. D. Monod Mrs. W. S. Montgomery Barrington Moore Clement Moore Mrs. R. W. Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. G. L. Morgenthau Mrs. A. Henry Mosle J. P. Mossman J. A. Muller C. W. Munson Wm. S. Myers George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold Miss Mary Newbold W. Nilsson Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Notman Adolph S. Ochs Elam Ward Olney Miss Annabella S. Olyphant Patrick O'Mara Mrs. E. Opdyke Wm. S. Opdyke Prof. H. Fairfield Osborn 99 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Arthur W. Page Miss Bertha Pagenstecher Mrs. Henry Parish, Jr. Miss Gertrude Parsons Mrs. J. E. Parsons Adam Paterson T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Mrs. Ethel A. S. Peckham Edward S. Pegram Edmund Penfold G. W. Perkins Mrs. Von R. Phelps Michael Piel Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Mrs. Gifford Pinchot Mrs. Frank H. Piatt Chas. H. Plump P. W. Popp A. J. Porter A. S. Post Mrs. Frank H. Potter George T. Powell Charles Pryer Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer Mrs. N. T. Pulsifer Miss Eva C. Putney Robert Pyle C. F. Quincy Wm. J. Quinlan, Jr. Mrs. Richard C. Rathborne Miss C. W. Reed J. Walter Reimels Mrs. N. C. Reynal Samuel M. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb Miss M. M. Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson F. L. Rodewald Mrs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers Mrs. J. G. Rogers A. J. Rolle Thos. Rolley Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Mrs. Chas. B. Rowland Mrs. Jas. A. Rumrill Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Mrs. Justus Ruperti Dr. H. H. Rusby Paul I. Sachs Isadore Saks Miss Louise Sands W. H. Sands Mrs. H. L. Satterlee John Scheepers Mortimer L. Schiff Rudolph E. Schirmer Geo. Schlegel Max Schling Fred. Schultze Miss Marianne Schurz C. W. Scott William Scott James A. Scrymser Mrs. J. H. Sears Alonzo B. See Charles E. Seitz Isaac N. Seligman Jefferson Seligman W. F. Sheridan WilHam Shillaber Henry W. Shoemaker H. A. Siebrecht lOO THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Wm. H. Siebrecht Franklin Simon John Boulton Simpson Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Thos. Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith E. G. Snow Mrs. Frederick A. Snow L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick J. E. Spingarn Frank McIM. Stanton J. R. Stanton Jos. H. Steinhardt Fred. T. Steinway Mrs. Benjamin Stern J. Ernest Stern F. Lynde Stetson . I. M. Stettenheim Alex. H. Stevens Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Dr. Daniel M. Stimson Robert Stobo Charles Strauss Mrs. William Strauss Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart Frederick Sturges F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Rush Taggart E. N. Tailer Mrs. H. P. Tailer » James Talcott C. A. Tatum J. Thorne Myles Tierney Mrs. Belmont Tiffany Louis C. Tiffany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy F. H. Traendly Wm. Tricker A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Miss E. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tuttle Alvin Untermyer Mrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. L. E. Van Etten Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen William W. Vert E. C. Vick Mrs. E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. von Zedlitz H. F. Walker M. H. Walsh C. W. Ward Mrs. F. E. Webb Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. F. D. Wells Oliver J. Wells Mrs. Robert E. Westcott Miss Edith Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Mrs. G. G. Wheelock W. A. White Mrs. A. A. Whitman Miss M. S. Whitney lOI THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Tlieodora Wilbour W. P. Willis Chas. T. Wills Andrew Wilson M. Orme Wilson F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood Mrs. C. B. Wood James Wood Mrs. J. Hood Wright E. Yeandle Mrs. A. Murray Young Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie Charles Zoller A. C. Zvolanek Owen A. Hunwick S. G. Milosy Associate Members William K. Seymour I02 THE HOiRTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N L. BRIXTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL Honorary Vice-Presidents JAMES WOOD CLEMENT MOORE Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors. F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS JOHN E. LAGER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON J. A. MANDA E. B. SOUTHWICK ROBT. T. BROWN GEORGE V. NASH JAMES STUART JOHN CANNING FRED. R. NEWBOLD G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL PATRICK O'MARA CHAS. H. TOTTY T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL WM. TRICKER I. S. HENDRICKSON J. H. TROY / 3ournal of tf^t Jlorttcultural Societpof JB^eto |9orli NOVEMBER, Vol.11, No. 7 ^^fH^^ 1916 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS F»er« The Fall Exhibition, with three plates 103 List of Contributors to the Special Fund 109 Proceedings of the Society: August 21, 1915 xxa Constitution, as amended June 5, 1915 xi3 By-Laws, adopted June 5, 1915 1x3 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PKINTINO COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 'Z ° . 3fciurnal of ti^e Horticultural ^ocietp of jBteto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol. II, No. 7 Qufrterly NOVEMBER, 1915 By subscriptionlf.OO peTyeIr THE FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition was held November 4 to 7 in the American Museum of Natural History, in cooperation with that institution under permission of the trustees. The usual private view was given to members of the society, of the Museum and of affiliated organizations on the evening of the 4th. The exhibit was open free to the public for the remainder of the term : from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. and from 7 to 10 P.M. on Friday and Saturday, an(^ on Sunday from i to 5 P.M. The attendance was greater than ever, totalling 194,024, divided as follows : Thursday, 5,541 ; Friday, 33,980; Saturday, 65,910; Sunday, 88,593. As usual the large bush chrysanthemum plants and the larger specimens of other kinds were placed in the foyer, now known as the Hall of Fame. In the north wing were the orchids ; in the east wing the roses, carnations and table decorations ; and in the west wing and Indian hall the cut blooms of chrysanthe- mums, and the large exhibit from Duke's Farm. Mr. John Young was manager and had charge of the arrangements of the exhibits. The great feature this year, as in past years, was the exhibit of bush chrysanthemums made by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn of Ardsley, New York, John Canning, superintendent. It was thought last fall that the maximum had been reached, but the plant of R. F. Felton, with a diameter of 16 feet 10 inches, was larger than anything ever exhibited before. These and other large plants 103 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK exhibited by Mr. Lewisohn were cultivated in specially con- structed houses and were transported, each on a separate truck. The protecting framework and covering over the largest plant was something over 17 feet across. This made the transporta- tion of this plant unusually difficult, and precautions had to be taken to safeguard it from injury from other traffic. Mr. Lewisohn made arrangements with the authorities here in the city and two mounted policemen were detailed to meet the plants at the northern line of the city and convoy them to the American Museum of Natural History, clearing the way for them through the ordinary traffic. They left Ardsley about 11 o'clock in the morning of the third, arriving at the American Museum about 6 o'clock of the same day. Each of the large plants was trans- ferred from the truck to a specially built carriage and conveyed to their place in the Hall of Fame. It was necessary to remove the fan-light over the entrance door of the Museum in order to get the plant into the building, and it required the most careful management to pass the plant through one of the arches on the way to the foyer, there being but an inch to spare on each side, the plant being taken through the opening diagonally. Mr. Lewisohn exhibited four of these large plants in competition and also displayed two others, one of them in the shape of a pillar about 12 feet high. The society offered its silver cup, valued at one hundred dollars, as a sweepstakes prize for the finest and best bush chrysanthemum plant exhibited. This was won by Mr. Lewisohn with the plant of R. F. Felton referred to above. Mr. Samuel Untermyer, of Yonkers, New York, exhibited three bush chrysanthemum plants in the class to be grown in pots not over 14 inches in diameter. For plants in pots not less than 14 inches in diameter, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn took the first prize for a yellow, with R. F. Felton. This plant, as stated above, won the sweepstakes prize for the largest plant exhibited. Mr. Lewisohn also won first prize for a white plant, with a superb example of Lady Lydia. This plant, while not as large as the yellow one, was one of the most perfect specimens ever exhibited. The flowers were prac- tically all alike, and the plant was superb in detail, showing wonderful judgment and skill in training. For a bush of any 104 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Other color, excepting yellow, white and pink, Mr. Lewisohn was again a first prize winner with a fine plant of Greystone. In the class for anemone or single, any color, the first prize was won by Mrs. F. A. Constable, of Mamaroneck, New York, James Stuart, gardener, the second prize by Mrs. Payne Whitney, of Manhasset, New York, L. G. Forbes, gardener. In the class of plants to be grown in pots not more than 14 inches in diameter, Mr. Samuel Untermyer won the first prize for a yellow with Ramapo, and also a first prize for a white plant with Lady Lydia ; he likewise took the first prize for a plant of any other color than yellow, white or pink with Greystone. For a specimen bush, odd shape, Mr. Lewisohn took the first prize with a fan-shaped plant of Lady Lydia. In the classes for cut chrysanthemum blooms, for commercial growers, stems not less than three feet, Mr. Charles H. Totty took first prize for twelve blooms each, in the white, pink, yellow, red, and any other color classes. For a collection of named kinds, twenty-five varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen, inches long, Scott Brothers took first prize, Mr. Charles H. Totty second. For a collection of pompons, twenty-five varieties,. Scott Brothers secured first, Mr. Charles H. Totty, second. The same parties also won first and second respectively for a collection of twenty-five singles. There was excellent competi- tion in the classes for cut chrysanthemum flowers for non-com- mercial growers. For flowers with stems not less than two feet long, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn took first prize for six white, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, E. W. Edwards, gardener, second. For six pink, Mr. Lewisohn took first, Mrs. Payne Whitney second. For six yellow, Mrs. F. A. Constable took first, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley, second. For six red, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn took first, Mr. D. E. Oppenheimer, of Yonkers, New York, Alexander Macdonald, gardener, second. For six any other color, Mrs. F. A. Constable took first, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley second. For a vase of one or more varieties of chrysan- themum blooms, arranged for efl:"ect, any other foliage permitted, the first prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable, the second to Mrs. Pauline Boettger, of Riverdale, New York, Rudolf Heidkamp, gardener. In the class provided for twelve vases, twelve varieties, three of each, stems eighteen inches long, Mr. 105 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Edwin Jenkins, of Lenox, Massachusetts, was the winner of the first prize, the second going to Mr. Adolph Lewisohn. For a collection of twenty-four varieties, all named kinds, stems not over fifteen inches, one of each, the first prize was awarded to Mr. Adolph Lewisohn. In the class of six varieties, one of each variety, restricted to growers with not over 2,500 square feet of glass, the first prize was won by Mrs. Payne Whitney, the second by Mr. D. E. Oppenheimer. For a collection of singles, twenty- four varieties, Mrs. F. A. Constable won first, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley, second. For a collection of singles, twelve varieties, Adrian Iselin, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York, Joseph Tiernan, gardener, was awarded the first, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley, second. A collection of pompons, twelve varieties, brought the first prize to Mr. Frederick Sturgis, of Fairfield, Connecticut, Thomas Bell, gardener, the second to Mr. Adrian Iselin, Jr. The dinner table decorations were to be staged on November 4, and to be ready for judging at 3 P.M. The tables were to be set for eight persons, the flowers to be restricted to chrysan- themums, but any appropriate foliage was permitted. This competition attracted much attention. The first prize was awarded to Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, the second to Mrs. Payne Whitney, and the third to Mrs. Pauline Boettger. In the classes for cut roses, for commercial growers, Mr. L. A. Noe took first prize for fifty American Beauty, the F. R. Pierson Company, second. Fifty white roses gave the first prize to Mr. L. A. Noe, the second to the F. R. Pierson Company. Fifty pink roses secured for the F. R. Pierson Company the first prize and for Mr. L. A. Noe the second. A vase of fifty fine blooms of Sunburst won for the F. R. Pierson Company first prize for fifty yellow roses. For a new rose, not yet in commerce, Mr. Charles H. Totty was awarded the silver medal. In the classes of cut roses for non-commercial growers, Mr. J. B. Duke, Somer- ville, New Jersey, A. A. Macdonald, gardener, was awarded the first prize for twelve American Beauty, the second going to Mr. Samuel Untermyer. Mr. Untermyer also won the first prize for eighteen red roses with Richmond. White Killarney was the competitor in the class for eighteen white roses and Mr. Henry C. Sturges, of Fairfield, Connecticut, Henry Kulberg, gardener, secured the first prize, Mr. Arthur N. Cooley the 106 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK second. The first and second prizes for eighteen pink roses were won with Mrs. Russell, Mr. J. B. Duke securing the first, Mr. Samuel Untermyer the second. Mr. Duke also won the first prize for twelve roses, any other color, the second going to Mr. Henry C. Sturges for a vase of Sunburst. There were four entries for a vase of fifty assorted roses arranged for effect. The first prize was awarded to Mr. Henry C. Sturges, second to Mrs. Pauline Boettger. The classes for cut carnations, for commercial growers, re- quired exhibits of fifty blooms. For a vase of white the Cottage Gardens Company won first with Crystal White. This vase also won the sweepstakes prize, a silver medal, for the finest vase of fifty exhibited, the second prize in this class being won by the Springfield Floral Company, with White W^onder. For the class provided for Enchantress shade, the Cottage Gardens Company also won first with Cottage Maid, the Springfield Floral Company second with Enchantress Supreme. The classes for cut carnation blooms, for non-commercial growers, required eighteen flowers each. For a vase of white, Mr. James A. Macdonald, of Flushing, New York, R. Hughes, gardener, won the first, and also the sweepstakes prize, a silver medal, for the best vase of i8, the second being secured by Mrs. Payne Whitney with White W^onder. Enchantress shade brought the first prize to Mr. James A. Macdonald for a seedling variety, the second going to Mrs. Payne Whitney for Enchantress Supreme. In the Lawson shade class, Mrs. C. W. Ward was the winner of both prizes, the first going to Mr. James A. Macdonald, the second to Mr. Arthur N. Cooley. A fine vase of scarlet bloom made Mr. James A. Macdonald the winner of the first prize with Champion, the second going to Mr. Henry C. Sturges for Beacon. Mr. Henry C. Sturges also secured the first prize for a vase of crimson with Octaroon. Mrs. Payne Whitney exhibited a vase of Yellow Prince, winning with it the first prize. The classes provided for foliage and decorative plants were open to all. For three plants of begonias Mr. Adolph Lewisohn won the first prize. A fine plant of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens secured for Mrs. F. A. Constable the first prize in this palm class. Another palm class called for Howea Forsteriana, Mrs. 107 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK F. A. Constable winning first, Mrs. Pauline Boettger second. Mrs. F. A. Constable exhibited a fine specimen of the palm Rhapis flabelUformis, securing first prize. For a specimen of palm, any other species, Mrs. F. A. Constable won first with Caryota urens, Mrs. Pauline Boettger second with Phoenix Roe- belinii. Mrs. F. A. Constable was also awarded a first prize for a fine specimen of Cibotium Schiedei, a Mexican fern, Mrs. Pauline Boettger the second. For a specimen plant of the Boston fern, Mrs. Pauline Boettger received first, the F. R. Pierson Company second. The F. R. Pierson Company made their usual superb display of Nephrolepis exaltata and its varieties, securing the first prize. The orchid display, as stated above, was located in the north wing. In the classes for commercial growers, Messrs. Lager & Hurrell won the first prize far a fine collection, well staged. This same firm also secured the society's silver medal for a novelty not before exhibited before the society with Cattleya Olivia. They also won first prize for six orchid plants, not less than three varieties, and also for a collection of cypripediums. In the classes for non-commercial growers, Mr. George Schlegel, Bay Ridge, New York, S. G. Milosy, gardener, won the first prize for a collection of orchids. He also won first prizes for a group of three plants, for one of six plants, and for a collection of cypripediums. Mr. Clement Moore, of Hacken- sack, New Jersey, J. P. Mossman, gardener, made his usual fine display of Laelio-cattleya, Brasso-cattleya and like orchids, win- ning with it the first prize for that class. The sweepstakes prize for the best orchid plant exhibited was awarded to Mr. Moore for a plant in this group, Brasso-cattleya Maronae superba. Mr. Moore was also the winner of the first prize for a collection of cut orchids. The following special prizes were awarded by the Exhibition Committee: Bobbink & Atkins, for a collection of chrysanthe- mums, special mention ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, for a specimen of Adiantum Crowianum, cash, for two specimen palms, cash, for a collection of cut Nerines, silver medal ; Mrs. H. Darlington, Mamaroneck, New York. P. W. Popp, gardener, for display of dahlias, cash ; Mr. J. B. Duke, for a general display from Duke's Farm, gold medal and cash; Mr. H. Gaut, for a vase of bronze 1 08 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK seedling chrysanthemum, no. 19, certificate, for a vase of apricot seedHng chrysanthemum, no. 53, special mention ; Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, for one pillar chrysanthemum bush, Black Hawk, cash, for one fan-shaped chrysanthemum bush, Greystone, cash ; Mr. James A. Macdonald, for carnation seedlings, special men- tion; J. A. Manda, for a specimen of Cattleya labiata, silver medal ; W. A. Manda, for a display of dahlia blooms, special mention, for a group of ferns and foliage plants, silver medal; Mr. A. L. Miller, for a group of Salvia Greggii in pots, special mention, for a group of Otaheite oranges, cultural certificate ; Mr. Clement Moore, for a vase of Eucharis amazonica, cultural certificate ; A. N. Pierson, Inc., for a display of new roses, carnations and chrysanthemums, silver medal ; Mrs. W. H. Pullan, for a plate of pears, special mention ; Julius Roehrs Co., for a collection of chrysanthemums, special mention ; John Scheepers & Company, Inc., for a group of lilacs and spiraeas, in flower, silver medal ; Mr. Max Schling, for artistic designs, certificate; Mr. G. T. Schuneman, for three vases of sweet peas, special mention ; Scott Brothers, for chrysanthemum White Doty, certificate of merit; Mr. Charles H. Totty, for new roses, silver medal, for collection of chrysanthemums, special mention ; Mr. William Tricker, for winter-flowering begonias, certificate of merit, for Nymphaea Panama-Pacific, certificate of merit ; R. Vincent, Jr., & Sons Company, for a display of hardy chrysan- themums, special mention ; ]Mr. Charles Webber, for new carna- tion, Laura Webber, special mention ; Mr. Robert Wilson, for new fern, bronze medal. A special fund for defraying the prizes and other expenses connected with this exhibition was authorized by the Board of Directors, and the following members contributed to the fund : Mrs. James Herman Aldrich Miss E. Billings Mr. A. J. C. Anderson Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs, Hugh D. Auchincloss Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr. Mr. Charles Lyman Brinsmade Mrs. A. F. Ballantine Mr, Jno. I. D. Bristol Mr. Geo. D. Barron Dr. N. L. Britton Mr. Otto F. Behrend Miss Aneita D. Brown 109 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. Hull Browning Miss Edith Bryce Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mr. Louis Burk Mr. W. T. Carrington Miss Jennie R. Cathcart Judge Cohen Mr. Geo. E. Colon Mrs. Wm. Combe Mrs. F. A. Constable Cottage Gardens Co. Mr. Jas. W. Cromwell Miss Olivia Cutting Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Mr. and Mrs. Gherardi Davis Mr. Eugene Delano Mr. Wm. Adams Delano Mrs. C. D. Dickey Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George Wm. Douglas Mr. James Douglas Mrs. W. K. Draper Mr. H. F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight Mr. Arthur F. Estabrook Mr. Wm. H. Fischer Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mr. L. G. Forbes Mr. James B. Ford Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mr. John W. Frothingham Mr. Geo. Giatras Mr. G. C. Graves Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall Mr. Edward S. Harkness Mr. T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. Wm. S. Hawk Mrs. F. Delano Hitch Mr. Rich. M. Hoe Mr. Theodore R. Hoyt Mrs. Richard Irvin Mr, Adrian Iselin, Jr. Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Miss G. Iselin Mr. WilHam E. Iselin Mr. Leon Israel Mrs. Arthur C. James Mr. O. G. Jennings Mrs. De Lancey Kane Miss Ellen King Mr. Albert Lahodny Mrs. Daniel S. Lamont Mrs. Frederic E. Lewis Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald Mr. C. Mallory Mr. J. A. Marsh Mr. James McLean Mrs. James McLean Mr. Emerson McMillin Mr. Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Mr. J. P. Morgan Mr. William S. Myers Mrs. S. Neustadt Mr. F. R. Newbold Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Prof. Henry F. Osborn Mr. James C. Parrish Miss Gertrude Parsons Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Mr. E. S. Pegrom Mr. Edmund Pen fold Mr. George T. Powell I lO THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Geraldyn Redmond Mr. W. R. Stewart Mr. John J. Riker Miss Ellen J. Stone Mrs. James Roosevelt Mr. F. K. Sturgis Mrs. James A. Rumrill Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Archibald D. Russell Mrs. Henry P. Tailer Mrs. H. L. Satterlee Mrs. H. L. Thomas Mr. Max Schling Mr. Jonathan Thorne Miss M. Schurz Mr. Louis C. Tiffany Mr. James A. Scrymser Mr. J. H. Troy Mr. Isaac N. Seligman Mrs. I. Untermyer Mr. Jefferson Seligman Mrs. D. B. Van Emburgh Mr. Wm. Shillaber Mrs. E. H. Van Ingen Mr. Pierre J. Smith Mr. Hy. F. Walker Mr. S. H. Somers Mrs. W. Seward Webb Mr. F. L. Stetson Mr. F. S. Witherbee Mr. Alex. H. Stevens Mrs. C. R. Wood Miss Mary O. Stevens Mr. Wm. Ziegler, Jr. The judges for competitive exhibits were : Mr. Walter Angus, Chapinville, Conn. ; Mr. John B. Urquhart, Lands End, New- port, R. I. ; Mr. Alex. Michie, Memorial Cemetery, Cold Spring Harbor; N. Y. ; Mr. Robert Walker, Bridgeport, Conn.; Mr. James Ballantine, Ridgefield, Conn. ; Mr. Geo. H. Thompson, Lenox, Mass. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY August 21, 1915. A meeting of the members of The Horticultural Society of New York was held on Saturday, August 21, 1915, at 3:45 P.M., in the lecture hall, Museum building. New York Botanical Garden. There were present more than nine members, constitut- ing a quorum. The minutes of the adjourned annual meeting of the society, held June 5, 191 5, were read and approved. The following applicants for membership have been approved by the Board of Directors and referred to the society for action : 1 1 1 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Life Mrs. Archibald Douglas Russell Annual Mrs. Geo. S. Huntington, Le Roy King, Dr. Geo. F. Kunz, Miss Mary E. Bissell, Mrs. Marin Le Brun Cooper. The secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for their election. This was done and the persons declared elected members of the society. The secretary announced that the following officers had been elected by the Board of Directors on June 26, 191 5, for the ensuing year, in accordance with the constitution : President T. A. Havemeyer Vice-presidents N. L. Britton, Geo. T. Powell, Patrick O'Mara Treasurer Frederic R. Newbold Secretary George V. Nash He also announced that the Board of Directors on June 5, 1915, had adopted the following resolution: Resolved: That a class of Honorary Vice-presidents be estab- lished. Officers or members of the Council who have served the society with distinction in the past shall be eligible to this class. Making operative the above resolution the Board of Directors elected on June 26, 191 5, the following Honorary Vice-presidents James Wood, Samuel Thorne, Clement Moore. 1 12 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK X lie following committees were also announced : Exhibition Committee: — -Jas. Stuart, chairman; J. E. Lager^ John Canning, I. S. Hendrickson, J. A. Manda, George V. Nash, Max Schling, Robt. T. Brown, Chas. H. Totty, L. G. Forbes, A. J. Manda, John F. Johnston. Membership Committee: — N. L. Britton, chairman; F. R. Newbold, Jas. Wood. Finance Committee: — T. A. Havemeyer, chairman; F. R. New- bold, F. R. Pierson. George V. Nash. Secretary. CONSTITUTION As Amended May 14, 1902, May 13, 1908, May 10, 1911, AND June 5, 191 5 Article I. Name. — The name of this Society shall be The Horticul- tural Society of New York. Article II. Objects. — The object of this Society shall be to collect and diffuse information on all topics relating to the culture and care of plants, fruits, flowers and vegetables, and to promote a taste for the same. Article III. Directors. — The Board of Directors (also referred to as the Council) shall consist of twenty-one (21) members. The Council shall have charge of all business of the Society and shall submit a report of the proceedings at each annual meeting of the Society and whenever instructed so to do by the Society. Seven (7) Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A less number may adjourn. The Council may appoint committees for the direction of the work of the Society, either from its own membership or from the general mem- bership of the Society, or both. The composition of all committees shall be reported to the Society at the next meeting subsequent to the forma- tion of any Committee. The Directors shall be elected by ballot. The Directors to be elected at the annual meeting to be held in May, 191 5, shall be divided into three classes, each of seven (7) Directors. The first class shall hold office for three years ; the second class for two years ; and the third class for one year from the date of their election, or until their successors shall be elected, respective^. Seven (7) Directors shall be thereafter elected at the annual meeting of the Society held on the second Saturday of May of each year, and shall hold office for three years follow- ing their election or until their successors are elected, respectively. Any vacancies that may occur among the Directors from any cause whatever (other than by expiration of term of service as hereinabove provided), may be filled by the Council at any regular or special meeting. Article IV. Officers. — The officers of the Society shall be a President. 113 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK three Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary. Their duties shall be those usually appertaining to these offices. The officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors from among their number each year at the meet- ing of the Board immediately following the annual meeting of members. They shall assume office as soon as elected and shall hold office for one year or until the election of their successors. The Board of Directors shall annually elect from their number a Chairman, who shall preside at all meetings of the Council. The Secretary of the Society shall also be the Secretary of the Council. The Treasurer shall give such bond as may be approved by the Council. Any vacancies that may occur among the officers from any cause whatever (other than by expiration of term of service as above provided) may be filled by the Council at any regular or special meeting. Article V. Committees. — The committees of the Council shall include: (i) A Botanical Committee; (2) a Floral Committee; (3) a Fruit Com- mittee; (4) a Vegetable Committee; (5) a Forestry Committee; (6) a Membership Committee; (7) a Finance Committee. Article VI. Members. — The Society shall consist of Annual Members, Associate Members, Corresponding Members, Honorary Members, Pa- trons, Sustaining Members and Life Members. The members shall be such as are elected under that designation and conform to the regulations of the Society. Corresponding, Associate and Honorary Members may hold seats in the meetings of the Society and make suggestions for the promotion of its objects. They shall not be eligible to office nor entitled to vote. Honorary Members may be chosen from horticulturists who have distinguished themselves by important original investigations, and shall be elected in number to ten. Any person contributing two hundred and fifty dollars ($250) or more at any one time to the funds of the Society shall be designated a Patron. Any member contributing twenty-five dollars ($25) a year to the Society shall become a Sustaining Member, and if such membership be continued for ten successive years, such Sustaining Member shall become a Patron of the Society. Article VH. Members. — Each annual member, upon his election, and annually thereafter, shall pay to the treasurer the sum of five dollars. Members may become life members by the payment of fifty dollars at any one time. Associate members shall be elected in the manner pre- scribed for members. They shall have all the rights and privileges of active members except voting and holding office, and may become active members at any time subsequent to their election by paying the dues pre- scribed. The annual dues for associate members shall be one dollar. Article VHI. — All fees received from patrons and life members shall constitute a permanent fund, only the interest of which may be expended ; said fund to be held by trustees to be duly appointed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. Article IX. Meetings. — Regular meetings of the Society, accompanied when practicable by exhibitions, shall be held at places and on dates deter- 114 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK mined upon by the Council during each month in the year. Special meet- ings of the Society may be called at any time by order of the president or chairman of the Council and must also be called at the written request of any ten members, notice of such proposed meeting being sent by mail to each member of the Society at least three days in advance of the meeting; such notice of special meeting shall specify generally the business which is the subject of that meeting and none other than that shall be transacted. The Council shall meet on the same day in advance of the meeting of the Society and may adjourn to any such time as it may see fit. Special meet- ings of the Council may be held at any time on the call of the chairman of the Council. Article X. Annual Meeting. Quonini. — The annual meeting of the Society shall be held on the second Saturday in May in each year. A quorum of the Society for the transaction of business at any meeting shall consist of nine members. Article XI. Amendments. — Amendments to the Constitution may be made by a majority vote of the annual meeting of the Society on the rec- ommendation of a two-thirds vote of the Directors present at any stated meeting not less than fifteen (15) days' notice of such stated meeting of the Council and of the proposed amendments having been given to each Director. BY-LAWS Adopted June 5, 191 5 ARTICLE I Membership Section i. — Associate Members. Only professional gardeners are to be eligible to associate membership in the Society. Section 2. — Privileges of Members. Each member of the Society shall be entitled to the following privileges: (i) To have free admission to all exhibitions of the Society. (2) To receive all the publications of the So- ciety under rules established by the Board of Directors. (3) To be pres- ent at all meetings of the Society. Each member of the Society, except Honorary, Associate and Corre- sponding members, shall be entitled to vote at all meetings of the Society. Section 3. — Proposals for Membership. Any member of the Society may propose candidates as patrons of the Society, or for life membership, sustaining membership, annual membership, or associate membership, or as honorary and corresponding members to the Membership Committee. Such proposal shall be made in writing, and shall be accompanied by a statement of the qualifications of any such candidate for membership. Section 4. — Elections. The President or presiding officer shall appoint a committee of three to receive, sort and count the votes given at every regular, special or annual meeting, and report the number. A plurality 115 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK shall elect, and the President, or presiding officer shall declare who are elected. Voting by proxy shall not be allowed at any meeting. ARTICLE II Directors or Councillors Section i. — Vacancies. The Board of Directors shall fill any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Board (otherwise than by expiration of the term of service as provided in the Constitution), the person so elected to serve as director until the next annual election after the occur- rence of a vacancy, when such vacancy (in whichever class of directors the same may have occurred) shall be filled by election by the members of the Society. Section 2. — Removal. The Board of Directors may at any time, in its discretion, by a majority vote of those present at any meeting, remove any officer and fill the vacancy created by such removal, and shall have general power in its discretion to direct the appointment and removal of all em- ployees of the Society. The Board of Directors shall also have power, in its discretion, by a majority vote of those present at any meeting, to declare vacant the seat of any director who shall have been absent from three suc- cessive meetings of the Board, and also by a vote of the majority of the whole Board to remove any member or director for cause. ARTICLE III Officers Section i. — Temporary Treasurer. In case of the absence or disability of the Treasurer, the Directors may appoint a Treasurer pro tem., who need not be a member of the Board of Directors, and shall have such powers of the Treasurer and for such time as the Board may direct. Section 2. — Temporary Secretary. In case of the absence or disability of the Secretary, the Directors may appoint a Secretary pro tem., who need not be a member of the Board, and who shall have such powers of the Secretary and for such time as the Board may direct. Section 3. — Inspectors of Election. Two Inspectors of Election and two Alternates shall be elected at each annual meeting of the members of the Society to serve at the next annual meeting and at all special meetings of the members prior thereto, who shall perform their duties as provided by law, provided that the two Inspectors of Election to serve at the An- nual Meeting in May, 1915, shall be appointed by the presiding officer of said meeting. ARTICLE IV Exhibitions The Board of Directors shall arrange for exhibitions of flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables in each year, and shall have entire charge of arrange- ments for conducting the same, and for the awarding of prizes, and may 116 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in their discretion appoint persons outside of the membership of the So- ciety for such purposes. ARTICLE V Seal The seal of the Society shall be circular, and shall contain the name and year of incorporation, " The Horticultural Society of New York, 1902," around the circumference. An impression of the seal is made upon this page of these By-Laws, as follows : ARTICLE VI Prizes Prizes and gratuities may be awarded by the Board of Directors or by such committees or judges as may be appointed by them for such purpose, to any person for the exhibition of any fruits, plants, flowers or vegeta- bles, either for their kind or uncommon excellence; or for any new and successful method of cultivating any variety of fruits, flowers, plants, trees, shrubs or vegetables, or for any other objects immediately connected with horticulture, or for the essential advancement of the objects of the Society in any way. No gratuities shall be awarded for any object which shall have been entered or exhibited for a prize. No award shall be made for any unworthy exhibit, and no gratuity shall be of larger amount than the lowest prize established for the same exhibit. ARTICLE VII Amendments These By-Laws may be altered, added to or repealed by the Directors, by a majority vote of the Directors present at any stated or special meeting of Council (subject, however, to the provisions of Section 11, Subsection 5, of the General Corporation Law of the State of New York), or by the members of the Society by a majority vote of the members present at any annual, regular or special meeting of the members, provided, however, that the notice of such meeting shall also give notice of the proposed amend- ment, and provided further, that no such amendment inconsistent with the Society's Constitution shall be adopted, except as provided in Article XI of that Constitution. 117 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL Honorary Vice-Presidents JAMES WOOD CLEMENT MOORE Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors. F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS JOHN E. LAGER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON J. A. MANDA E. B. SOUTHWICK ROBT. T. BROWN GEORGE V. NASH JAMES STUART JOHN CANNING F. R. NEWBOLD G. E. M. STUMPP M. CEBEL PATRICK O'MARA CJIAS. H. TOTTY T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL WM. TRICKER L S. HENDRICKSON " J.H.TROY Members of tbe Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. ADOLPH LEWISOHN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MISS EDITH WETMORE journal of t^t Jlortuultural feoctetpof J^eto Porfe FEBRUARY, Vol. II, No. 8 ^^^Mff^^M igig EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Pag* The Spring Exhibition "9 Program for Cut Flowers and Special Exhibits. 120 Red Cross Tea Garden 120 The January Exhibition 124 Proceedings of the Society : Janaary 19, 1916, with lecture on "The Home Flower Garden," by Mr. W. N. Craig laj PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA, journal of ti^e orticultural ^ocietp of jBleto ©orfe INCORPORATEn I9O2 Vol. II, No. 8 Quarterly FEBRUARY, 1916 By subscription $1.00 per year I oc QC Q_ THE SPRING EXHIBITION The Third Spring Exhibition of The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club, will be held at the Grand Central Palace, Lexington Avenue, between 46th and 47th Streets, on April 5 to 12, inclusive. It will be open from 2 to 11 on Wednesday, and from 10 A.M. to 11 P.M. on the remaining days, including Sunday. The admission charge is fifty cents. A premium list, covering about $16,000, has been prepared, comprising the whole range of plants and flowers suit- able for exhibition at that time. Rose gardens, rock gardens, bulb gardens and large displays of cut roses and carnaticyis will be features. Copies of this premium list may be had by address- ing the secretary of the flower show committee, Mr. John Young, 53 West 28th St., N. Y. City. A membership ticket will be issued to each member of the so- ciety in good standing. This ticket will admit the member to the exhibition during its entire course, but does not admit to the Red Cross Tea Garden. This ticket is for the use of the member only, and is not transferable. Special features have been arranged for each day, as indicated in the following- : 119 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROGRAM! FOR CUT FLOWERS AND SPECIAL EXHIBITS Wednesday, 5th: Cut Orchids. Carnation Display, Commercial Growers. Miscellaneous Cut Flowers. Thursday, 6th : Competitive Rose Classes. Friday, 7th : Competitive Carnation Classes. Carnation Display, Private Growers. Saturday, 8th: Competitive Sweet Pea Classes. Rose Display, Commercial Growers. Sweet Pea Table Decorations. Sunday, 9th : General Display. Monday, loth: Hotel Table Decorations. Tuesday, nth: Table Decorations, Private Gardeners. Wednesday, 12th: General Display. All the above cut-flower and special exhibits will be in posi- tion at 12 o'clock, noon, of the day allotted. All other exhibits will be in position at 2 o'clock of the open- ing day, April 5th, and will remain in place during the show. RED CROSS TEA GARDEN The success of the Red Cross Tea Garden last year encouraged the organization this year of one much larger in proportion and more comprehensive in plan. The accompanying illustration is made from the original plan prepared by Mr. Frederic R. King and Mr. Lawrence G. White. The Tea Garden, to which an ad- mission charge will be made, is under the management of the New York County Chapter of American Red Cross with European War Relief Committees Co-operating Committee in Charge Mrs. W^ilHam K. Draper, Chairman Mrs. Belmont Tiffany, Vice Chairman Mrs. Leonard Wood Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Miss E. Louise Sands Miss Margaret Cameron I 20 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Committee on Decoration Mrs. Belmont Tififany, Chairman Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mr. Lawrence Grant White Mr. Frederic R. King Committee on Supplies Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar, Chairman Miss Margaret Cameron Miss E. Louis Sands Committee on Red Cross Membership Miss Bell Gurnee, Chairman. Committee on Horticultural Society Membership Miss Edith Wetmore, Chairman Flower Girls Committee Miss Ruth Draper, Chairman Members of the Junior League will act as waitresses in the Tea Garden each day during the show. War Relief Committees Cooperating Wednesday, 5th. Vacation War Relief Committee and American Fund for French Wounded ]\Irs. William A. Prime, Jr., Chairman Miss Anne Morgan Mme. la Comtesse de la Greze Mrs. Ethelbert Nevin Mrs. Robert Lincoln Campbell Mrs. A. M. Dike Miss Marie Louise Emmet Thursday, 6th. The American Ambulance Hospital Mrs. Robert Bacon, Chairman Miss Elsie Nicoll Mrs. August Belmont ^Irs. Charles H. Sherrill 121 THE HORTICULTUILiV.L SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt Mrs. Wm. Hamilton Russell Mrs. C. B. Alexander Mrs. Willard D. Straight Mrs. William Greenough Friday, 7th. TJie Commission for the Relief in Belgium Mrs. Pierre Mali, Chairman Mrs. John Beaver White Mrs. Robert W. de Forest Mrs. Leo Backsland Mrs. Johnston de Forest Mrs. Henry Lamarche American Hostels for Refugees in Paris and Children of Flanders Rescue Committee Mrs. Cadwalader Jones, Mrs. J. Lloyd Derby Chairman Mrs. Walter Maynard Miss Janetta Alexander Mrs. Willard Straight Mrs. Richard Derby Mrs. George Whitney Mrs. William Pierson Hamilton Saturday, 8th. General Relief Committee Mrs. Hugo Reisinger, Chairman Countess Leary Mrs. George Hilliard Benjamin Mrs. Carl Schurz Mrs. Joseph Stransky ^Irs. J. P. Meyer Miss Lackland Mrs. Albert de Barry Sunday, 9th. The Woman's Auxiliary of the People's Relief Committee Mrs. Philip Lewisohn, Chairman Mrs. Sidney Borg Mrs. M. Lipsit Mrs. Sholon Ash Mrs. Randolph Guggenheimer Mrs. Abraham Cahan Mrs. Frederick Nathan Mrs. Henry Moskowitz Mrs. Henry Meyers Mrs. Halpern Monday, loth. British American War Relief Committee Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler, Mrs. Alfred Coats Chairman Mrs. Ralph Sanger Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar 1 22 THE HORTICULTUR-\L SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Tuesday, nth. Clothing Committee of the Polish Victims' Relief Fund Mrs. Linzee Blagden, Chairman Miss Blodgett Miss Rosina Hoyt Mrs. T. F. Krajewski Mrs. Boleslaw Laposka Mrs. John Rade Mrs. Ernest SchelHng Serbian Relief Committee of America Mrs. Francis Markoe, Chairman ]\Iiss F. Hasting Mr. Breck Trowbridge Mr. T. Tileston Wells Mr. Murray H. Coggeshall Wednesday, 12th. Canadian Relief Committee and Italian Relief Committee Names of committees to be announced later. Lectures, as announced below, will take place in the Tea Gar- den at II A.M.: Thursday, 6th. "Japanese Gardens," illustrated with colorea slides. By Mr. E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold Arboretum. Friday, 7th. "Water Gardens, and the Reclamation of a Swamp," illustrated with colored slides. By Mr. George V. Nash, of the New York Botanical Garden. Saturday, 8th. " The Outlook of Horticulture." By Prof. L. H. Bailey. Monday, loth. " Irises for American Gardens," illustrated with colored slides. By Mr. Arthur Herrington. Tuesday, nth. General Wood, U. S. Army, on " Red Cross Ob- ligations in time of War." Arrangements have been made for the following Special At- tractions in the Tea Garden, announcements of which will be made on the bulletin boards during the course of the exhibition: Transcontinental telephoning between New York and San Francisco. Roller skating exhibition. Motion pictures, the Jun- ior League Film. Dancing by Miss Fontaine. Miss Mary Pick- ford. Exhibition dancing by members of the Russian Ballet. Singing by Marcia von Dresser. Mr. and Mrs. Paderewski. Covuit von Bernstorff. There will be general dancing and roller skating, due announcement of which will be made. 123 TPIE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Supplies will be donated by the following: Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Vanderbilt Hotel, The German Club, Sherry's, St. Regis Hotel,' McAlpin Hotel, Plaza Hotel, and the Biltmore Hotel. The following will kindly loan articles: John Wanamaker Store ; the entrance to the Tea Garden, by the Interior Decorat- ing Department. Mr. Paul Manship : statuary. Messrs. Wood- row & Marketus : laurel, moss and ferns. Julius Roehrs Co., Inc. : plants. Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins : plants. F. R. Pierson Co. : plants. Messrs. John Young & Co. : plants. Mr. Paul S. Bolger : all kitchen fixtures. New York Botanical Garden ; plants. The proceeds of the Tea Garden will be divided between the New York Chapter of the American Red Cross and the European War Relief Committees Cooperating. The portion of the Red Cross will go toward the payment of equipment for Red Cross Hospital Units. Three of these units, of 500 beds each, have been assigned to New York City in the plan for preparedness. The stafifs of the New York Hospital, Bellevue Hospital and the Presbyterian Hospital have volunteered for these units. The equipment for each unit costs $24,000, or $72,000 for the three ; of this amount $38,000 has already been given. THE JANUARY EXHIBITION This exhibition was held at the American Museum of Natural History on Wednesday, the nineteenth, from i to 5. Premiums were offered for cut orchid blooms, carnations, sweet peas, Schi- santhus, and snapdragons. Many high-school students were at- tending lectures at the Museum that day, so the attendance at the exhibition was unusually large. The classes for cut orchid blooms were open to all. Mr. Clement Moore, J. P. Mossman, gardener, made an unusually fine display in the first class, winning the first prize. As an expres- sion of appreciation, a special prize of a silver medal was awarded this exhibit on account of its unusual excellence. In the second class for cut orchid blooms Mrs. F. A. Constable, James Stuart, gardener, won the first prize. The whole center table was filled with a display of orchid blooms. It was one of the best exhibits of these flowers ever seen in the Museum, and was much admired. 124 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In the carnation classes for non-commercial growers, twelve blooms were required for a vase. Airs. S. Hermann, Abel Weeks, gardener, won first for white, Air. J. C. Brady, Fred. Huyler, gardener, second. In the Enchantress shade class Air. Henry Goldman, Anton Bauer, gardener, won first, Airs. S. Hermann, second. Air. Goldman was also winner of the first prize in the Airs. C. W. Ward shade, Air. J. C. Brady taking second. Air. Brady also won first for a vase of scarlet. The first prize for crimson was taken by Air. D. G. Reid, A. W. Golding, gardener, the second by Air. Jas. A. Alacdonald, R. Hughes, gardener. A vase of variegated flowers gave the first prize to Airs. S. Hermann. Air. D. G. Reid won the first prize for a vase of fifty blooms, arranged for effect. The following special prizes were also awarded: Airs. F. A. Constable, for a vase of Euphorbia jacquinacflora showing un- usual excellence in cultivation, cultural certificate; Air. Henry Goldman, for a vase of gardenias, well grown, cultural certificate, and for a vase of a seedling snapdragon, cash ; Air. J. C. Brady, for a miscellaneous collection of cut blooms of poinsettias, carna- tions, and roses, cash ; Airs. H. Darlington, P. W. Popp, gardener, for a display of plants of Spiraea ruhcns, cash, and for a vase of Buddlcia asiatica, cash ; Wm. Shillaber, J. P. Sorenson, gardener, for a vase of sweet peas, cash ; Lager & Hurrell, for a display of cut orchid blooms, cash; Air. Clement Aloore, for a display of Dendrolnuin plants in bloom, silver medal. The judges were Air. P. W. Popp and Air. /\nton Bauer. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY Janu.\ry 19, 19 1 6 A meeting of the society was held on Wednesday, January 19, 1916, 4 P.AI., in the East Assembly Room, /Vmerican Aluseum of Natural History, Air. J. H. Troy presiding. No business was transacted. The following lecture, announced for the day, was delivered by Air. W. N. Craig: 125 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK THE HOME FLOWER GARDEN This subject maj' appear somewhat hackneyed, and it may prove difficult to say much that is really new in regards to it, but no two growers or writers have identical ideas, either of a theoretical or practical nature — at least some of our thoughts run in different grooves, and that they may continue to do so is a consummation devoutly to be wished. Variety is admittedly the spice of life, and if the cultural ideas of all growers paral- leled each other, it would surely be distressingly monotonous to handle such a topic as this. Soil, location, area, and environment are a few things to consider when we discuss the home flower garden. I am addressing these remarks more particularly to those who belong to the ever-increasing army of amateur horticulturists, many of whom have but limited facilities for flower grow- ing, and are not in a financial position to spend any considerable sum annually on their gardens, but who at the same time are anxious to get as much pleasure as they can, over as large a season as possible, from their garden. For the encouragement of small growers, I want to say that while New York and New England are popularly classed as boreal regions of ice and snow for one fourth of the year, my experience two hundred and fifty miles north of your great city for a quarter of a century has proved that in some favored years we can have flowers outdoors from January' until December, and that even under the most adverse climatic conditions there are never more tlian two clear months when we are really without some outdoor flowers. In January, on warm southern slopes, we usually have some snowdrops open. One month later winter aconites, crocuses, and some chionodoxas open their flowers. March gives us these, and also Siberian scillas, the early Tulipa Kauffmanniana, and the little Narcissus mijiinms. April yields a wealth of flowers, including early tulips, many narcissi, fritillarias, early irises, such as /. histrioides and /. cristata, English primroses, and quite a few perennials and shrubs. The late narcissi, cottage and Darwin tulips, German iris, Pyrethrum roscuni, Moutan peonies, Hemcrocallis flava, lily-of-the-valley, dwarf phloxes, and many other interesting her- baceous plants, alpines, trees and shrubs are with us in May. During the leafy month of June the regal Japanese iris follows the German, Spanish and English types. Now also come columbines, phloxes, peonies, early larkspurs, Dictammis, foxgloves, lupines, Canterbury bells, Lychnis, Liliuni candidum, and many other herbs, not to mention azaleas, rhodo- dendrons, roses, and a wealth of other trees and shrubs. In July come the larkspurs, foxgloves, hollyhocks, Hemcrocallis, phloxes, such lilies as Lilium Hansoni, regale, Sargentiac, and cxcelsum, and many annuals. August charms us with gladioli, montbretias, Lilium spcciosum and L. Henryi, monkshoods, sunflowers, boltonias, early asters, kniphofias, and 126 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Japanese anemones. During September the Japanese anemones fully as- sert themselves; the Michaelmas daisies are in the heyday of their glory; dahlias are at their best; as are the majority of annuals and tender bed- ding plants. October gives us late sunflowers and asters, anemones, Acoiiitum Wilsoni, pompon chrysanthemums, colchicums, buddleias, still a mass of flowers, and a second crop of bloom on many deciduous shrubs. When November's surly blasts come to make fields and forests bare, we can still find roses, anemones, chysanthemums, in some years dahlias, witch-hazels, and various annuals — last November we even had fuchsias, geraniums, and salvias flowering at Thanksgiving. But you will say: " How about December " ? On December 2 last, during a ramble, I found ten varieties of native flowers still blooming. We had quantities of Viola cornnta, also primroses, pansies, and some Dianthus in flower. I say, therefore, that we have much to be thankful for in the fact that, even in our cold latitudes, some flowers are possiljle in practically each month, and that if we consider berry-bearing shrubs, which every garden should contain, not only for beauty, but because they attract our best friends, the birds, to our gardens, we have a continuous panorama of beauty the year through. All space about the home should not be devoted to flower or vegetable growing. A good lawn is an indispensable adjunct; but too often, alas! all we see is lawn and no flowers. The great Lord Bacon, several centuries ago wrote — he had thirty acres of pleasure grounds, and he selected four acres of this for a lawn without any intervention of park or parterre — " Nothing is so pleasing to the eye as green grass kept finely shorn, and as for the making of knots or figures with divers colored earth, that they may lie under the windows of the house, on that side on which the garden stands, they be but toys ; you may see as good sights many times in tarts." The importance of a well-kept lawn can scarce be overestimated ; it is no easy matter to keep such in condition when we consider the droughts we have and the hordes of noxious weeds which infest our lawns. The numbers of weeds would be materially decreased if owners would stop the too common practice of spreading barnyard manure on their lawns in winter or early spring. This habit is a disgusting one, it is unsanitary, and fills the lawns full of noxious weeds. Use chemical fertilizers, wood ashes, fine bone, or pulverized manures for this top dressing. A flower garden is, or ought to be, a place devoted to the cultivation of trees, shrubs, and flowers of an ornamental nature, planted carefully, in order to give pleasure over a long season. It should always be of con- venient access ; in fact, the true home garden should be a part of the home itself, which many elaborate American gardens of to-day certainly are not. Suitable planting round the boundaries to afiford all possible seclusion should be very carefully done. Plant with some definite object, and allow certain plants to develop, using others merely as temporary fillers. 127 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Not infrequently builders of houses do their own grading, or hire some third-rate so-called " landscape gardener " to do the work, and scatter round a few shrubs. We have seen lots of these plantings and there is always a painful duplication in the stock used. Too often the soil is thin, and has been improperly prepared. In such cases it is uphill work to achieve success. With a good depth of loam to support lawns, flower borders, or shubberies, we can reasonably look for satisfactory results, as during droughty periods the plants will suffer less than those in thinner soil, and their growth will be far more luxuriant. Well-rotted cow- manure, when obtainable, is the best fertilizer ; stable manure comes next in value. When these are not procurable, pulverized animal manures, humus, and well-concentrated chemical fertilizers must be utilized. One of the great faults on both large and small estates is overplanting. This is more especially emphasized when the work has been placed in the hands of some landscape architect or nurserj^man. In such cases, the usual habit is to crowd as many trees, shrubs, or plants as possible into a given space without much regard to their eventual development. Shrubs with a diameter, when mature, of ten to fifteen feet, will be found planted twenty-four inches apart each way, in order, we are told, to make an immediate effect ! In such cases, unless the owner or whoever manages his place uses some judgment, a tangled mass of shrubbery will grow up where there should be a few well-developed specimens, each showing their individuality. Don't be too much impressed by the words " landscape gardener " or "landscape architect" on letterheads; the former is usually a jobbing gardener, and in many cases the latter may know how to design and build a home, and even plot out the grounds, but when he comes to planting it, he knows very little. The work had better be entrusted to some one who realh" knows trees and shrubs. There are good landscape gardeners and architects who are a credit to the profession, but a host of irresponsible ones are now at large, and the person with the small home garden had better give these persons a wide berth. In the way of flowering shrubs we have a rather painful repetition of varieties in too many places. If a particular plant like Hydrangea pani- culata grandiflora happens to be of easy culture, everyone feels they must plant it. Because one man plants a blue spruce, his neighbors think they should go and do likewise, oblivious of the fact that our native spruces with green foliage are just as beautiful; and so on through the list. We see the Japanese hydrangeas everywhere, yet we have a variety equally beautiful, just as hardy, and flowering over a far longer season, in our ever-blooming Hydrangea arborescens grandiflora, which flowers from June until October, and carries immense circular clusters of pure white flowers. We all admire the well-known mock orange, Philadelphus ccro- narius, yet how few are yet growing the beautiful Lonoinei varieties, 128 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK which bloom when very small, with single, semi-double or double flowers, deliciously scented. Take again the lilacs, the most beautiful and valuable of all the flowering shrubs. By planting even six or eight kinds, commencing with Syringa oblata, which blooms on or about April 22, and including some of the man}' beautiful h3'brids introduced by M. Lemoine, of Nancy, France (the greatest hybridizer in the world, who leads in the production of deco- rative plants) with Syringa villosa and the Rouen lilac, and with the Japa- nese tree varieties, S. Pckinensis and 5". Japonica, we can have fully two months of lilac flowers. The Chinese buddleias, more especially such forms as B. variabilis mag- iiifica and superba, which flower for several months and bear racemes six to eighteen inches long, of mauve or lavender, deliciously scented flowers, should be in every garden. Young plants from three-inch pots will, in good soil, grow five or six feet high the first season. They are best cut down to the ground each spring, wdien they will break awaj' with vigor. Then again we see practically everyone planting Spiraea Van Hoiittei, a much overdone, if handsome, shrub. I consider S. arguta far more beau- tiful and graceful. The new and tall-growing 5". IVilsoni, with pale pink flowers, and S. Hcnryi, with pure white flowers, are varieties I would commend to 3'our notice. Lonicera Morrowi and L. tatarica are two beautiful bush honeysuckles. I would ask you, however, to plant L. Maackii podocarpa with pure white flowers, followed by g'lorious scarlet berries, carried very late in the season. Acalea mellis is well known, but anyone who has seen the brilliant A. Kaempferi will want to plant it. Then again Exochorda grandiflora JVilsoni is a great improvement over the type. In the waj' of smaller shrubs, Escholzia Stauntoni, treated as an herbaceous plant, makes a fine border plant, its rosy purple flowers carried on terminal erect racemes. Hypericum Moscriamim, the large-flowered St. John's wort, has a splendid companion in the new Hypericum patttlum Hcnryi. The foregoing names are merely given as suggestions, and must not be considered as more than a very partial list of flowering shrubs. Where space will permit, one or two flowering trees should be admitted and given a chance to show their form and individuality. Suggestions are: Mains Scheideckeri, M. angiistifolia Bechteli, M. floribunda and M. spcctabilis ; Cornus florida and its pink form rubra; various magnolias, Crataegus, and the Judas-tree, Cercis canadensis. Speaking of flowering shrubs, it is well to remember that, with few ex- ceptions, they should be pruned not in winter, but directly after flowering! Some evergreens should be planted at the sides of the entrance door of the home, or banked along the front. Retinisporas, thujas, Taxus, and Juniperus are all good for this purpose. Where they can be broken from the winter morning sun hybrid rhododendrons will do well, provided they can have the needful water, and be well mulched in summer and winter. I 29 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK It is dryness at the root that kills most of our evergreens, and not winter cold. Herbaceous, annual and bulbous flowers must always form the salient feature in any home garden, but before mentioning them, roses should have a few words. They cannot well be omitted from any well-considered garden. On large estates "special rose gardens are possible, but in the average home garden a bed or border may be allotted to them. By plant- ing, say a dozen varieties, we can secure flowers from June until Novem- ber. In the way of hybrid perpetuals, a few of the really desirable ones which are perpetual bloomers are : Mrs. John Laing, Mrs. R. G. Sharman- Crawford, Frau Karl Druschki, Ulrich Brunner, Prince Camille de Rohan, and Alfred Colomb. This section is hardier than the hybrid teas, and at pruning time must be headed back severely. Hybrid teas are more tender than the hybrid perpetuals, and need light pruning. A useful half-dozen consists of Mme. Caroline Testout, Gruss an Teplitz, Sunburst, Viscountess Folkestone, Konigin Carola, Dorothy Page Roberts and Mme. Leon Pain. In the way of polyantha roses we have some useful sorts, such as Mrs. Cutbush, Catherine Zeimet, Orleans, Clotilde Soupert, Hermosa, and Mme. Cecile Brunner, all good bedders and fairly persistent bloomers. Rambler roses for piazza, pillar, or arch cannot be omitted. The pioneer of these. Crimson Rambler, is not desirable — the flowers fade a bad color and the foliage becomes unsightly after the blooming season. Very good climbers are Dorothy Perkins, Lady Gay, Farquhar, Excelsa, Tausend- schon, American Pillar, Alberic Barbier, Hiawatha, and the good old bufif- colored Gloire de Dijon. I regret that time will not allow of further mention of roses. Referring to hardy herbaceous perennials, don't use too many varieties, but select those which will give a lengthy flowering season. Remove seeds from plants when flowers have faded ; in some cases this will cause addi- tional flowers to appear, but it will always benefit the plants. You need not be dependent on nurserymen or florists for all plants. Many varieties are very easily raised from seed in a cold frame, which every garden should possess. In this pansies, violets, double daisies, forget-me-nots, Canterbury bells, and other early flowering plants of questionable hardi- ness can be wintered. Let these plants freeze stiff, then fill over them with perfectly dry leaves, and place on the sashes. Such plants will winter perfectly. The four best kinds of hardy perennials are : phloxes, which, including the dwarf P. subulata type, flower from April until October, unquestion- ably the most valuable hardy perennials we have : irises, commencing with the early bulbous sorts, flower from early April until July; larkspurs, from June 20 until October, by cutting down the first crop of flowers when faded and by utilizing seedlings; peonies, which give us but little more than a month of bloom, but have the advantage of carrying handsome foliage right through the season, and lilies or gladioli dotted amongst 130 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK them will give flowers in late summer. With the larkspurs plant the Madonna Lily, Lilium candidiim, its immaculate flowers and the glorious blue shades of the larkspurs make a most exquisite combination. Pinch back some of the phlox shoots when a few inches high : this will help to prolong the flowering season. A few other perennials of sterling merit are : aquilegias, campanulas, monkshoods, lupines, Dictamnus or gas plant, Lychnis, Japanese anemones, sunflowers, boltonias, asters, veronicas, Dianthus, anchusas, and chrysan- themums. The following I would select as a dozen really first-class perennials — probably there are others equally good, but these are hardy, free-flowering, and give a long season of bloom in the aggregate: Dictamnus Fraxinclla, Anemone japonica alba, Lupinus polyphyllus, Phlox Miss Lingard, Del- phinium, Belladonna, Paeonia festiva maxima, Aquilegia chrysantha. Aster Perry's Pink, Iris pallida dalmatica, Geum coccineum Mrs. Bradshaw, Viola cornuta atropurpurea, and Chrysanthemum maximum. As a dozen for cutting purposes, I would plant lily-of-the-valley, cam- panulas, Gypsophila paniculata fl. pi., Aquilegia, phloxes, larkspurs, asters, peonies, iris. Euphorbia coroUata, Hcmerocallis. chrj-santhemums, monks- hoods, and anemones. For those wanting to try a dozen really good perennials, of more recent introduction, I would suggest : Gypsophila paniculata fl. pi.. Chrysan- themum Autumn Glory; Heuchera Nancy Perry; Achillea piarmica Perry's White; Geum coccineum Mrs. Bradshaw; Delphinium Pcrsiin- mon; Phlox Elizabeth Campbell; Aster Feltham Blue; Aconitum Wil- soni; Anchusa Italica Opal; Clematis recta fl. />/.; and the almost ever- blooming Viola cornuta atropurpurea. Added to the strictly herbaceous perennials should be some varieties usually treated as biennials, including Canterbury bells, daisies, forget- me-nots, pansies, foxgloves, rockets, and hollyhocks, although the last named is sometimes perennial. For purely edging purposes the forms of Viola cornuta, the hardy pinks, armerias, Campanula carpatica, and dwarf phloxes, like P. subulata and P. divaricata, are splendid. Rock gardening is at last coming much to the fore, and I am glad pro- vision is being made for rockeries at the coming New York spring show, and the large show to be held in Boston in May. This type of gardening is wonderfully interesting, and if anyone has a suitable location and the necessary stones, they will be surprised at the pleasure obtainable from even a very small piece of ground. A full afternoon would, however, be necessary to treat this subject. Borders of irregular outline backed by shrubs make ideal locations for perennials and bulbs, and if, in planting, the different patches are carefully dovetailed, gaps will not be conspicuous, and will be easily filled by using summer bulbs or annuals. Some scented plants like heliotrope, lemon verbena and scented geraniums should always be included. The bulbs. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK which should be planted in October or early November, may be set in patches or bands along the edges ; don't keep all near the front. Let the Darwin and cottage tulips, narcissi, Spanish and English iris, montbretias, etc., be dotted in little clumps all over the border. In using narcissi, it is well to remember that the big trumpet daffodils are in many cases less hardy than the short trumpet section. Of the large ones. Emperor, Empress, and Glory of Leiden are a reliable trio. Prac- tically all of the short trumpets in the Lccdsii, Burbidgci incomparabilis and pocticus groups will improve from year to year, while the newer Poefaa varieties are quite hardy. Although I would not condemn the planting of early tulips, they are far more fleeting than the late section. The latter are better if left undisturbed from year to year, while, under the same conditions, the early tulips rapidly deteriorate. Spanish Iris is sometimes classed as tender, but I have never seen it injured on well-drained land. I have had bulbs, unmulched, exposed to 25 degrees below zero without injury, and I have in mind clumps wliich have been flowering for eight years undisturbed. The smaller and earlier flowering bulbs, such as crocuses, snowdrops, scillas, chionodoxas, etc., can be used near the front of the border, or if perchance there is a location where early mowing is not done, grass is the ideal place for them. Bulbs, however, are a big subject and can merely be mentioned here. Where gladioli are used, plant them six inches deep ; tliis will keep the ^t'^lks erect without staking. A few words on lilies, the most regal of all hardy bulbs : Lilium candidiim arrives in early September and can- not be planted too soon after arrival. Cover the bulbs four inches deep. A few other really reliable lilies are : Henryi, speciosum in variety, Han- soni, ti(/rinuin, and the glorious new Chinese varieties, myriophyllum (regale) and Sargentiae. These latter are still high-priced, but in a few years will be as cheap as L. speciosum. I have seen acres of L. viyrio- phylliim flowering on a hillside not six miles from the Boston State House, and I consider this the queen of all hardy liliums. Bulbs of the varieties named should be planted in fall as soon as received, and covered nine to twelve inches deep ; some sharp sand can be placed below and above them. No fresh manure must come in contact with them. Use the manure as a mulch instead during spring and summer. Dahlias cannot be considered as satisfactory flowering plants in the garden — at least I have never found them to be such, and our New Eng- land climate suits them very well. The type of dahlia to be effective as a garden plant has yet to be evolved. The growing season was prolonged last fall, but too often the plants are just coming into good bloom when frost blackens them. The peony, decorative, and cactus are the best types, and I have found that planting done on or about May 15 gives very good results. Annuals form the leading feature in many gardens and deservedly so. 132 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In fact, good gardens may be had where nothing else is used. Varieties for cutting should, if possible, be given a little plot or square to them- selves. Sweet peas are the most useful and popular of all annuals ; if possible a trench should be prepared for them in the fall. Sweet pea cul- ture, boiled down, may be summarized as follows : manure liberally, spade deeply, sow early, support promptly, mulch carefully, water freely, and pick persistently. Also sow thinly or thin severely. Cover the seeds two and one half inches at sowing time ; leave the top of the trench somewhat hollowed. Never hill up the seedlings, as often advised in seed catalogues, for this practice invariably breeds stem rot and has done more to dis- courage sweet pea culture than anything else. Remember that sweet peas, if given the necessary space, develop into bushy plants, and are better left four inches apart in the rows, rather than four plants to the square inch as we too often see them. Asters follow the sweet peas in popularity. By making three sowings, two in the frame and one outdoors, a long season of them may be had. Some other annuals, splendid for cutting, are: stocks, Salpiglosiis. lupines, larkspurs, candytuft, Scabiosa, pentstemons, Hunnemannia (Mexican poppy), mignonette, nasturtiums (on moderately poor soil), snapdragons, centaureas, cosmos, and Shirley poppies. For persistent flowering these annuals are the best : petunias, verbenas, marigolds, calendulas, zinnias, nemesias, Alyssum, vincas, and scarlet salvia. Some of these are coarse and may not be desirable, but they are dependable where a continuous floral display is desired. I would like to sa}^ a good word for the Mexican poppy. The golden yellow, orange- throated flowers keep in good condition in water for three or four days. Seed can be sown from May lo to June 20. The plants will withstand several degrees of frost. Geraniums, cannas, fuchsias, ageratums, begonias, and other plants have a place in the garden. Their culture need not be discussed here. I have already named more varieties than the average home garden can contain, as it is not wise to plant too many varieties, nor to crowd the plants. Whatever you do, try to do well. Plant as informally as possible : this style of planting is far the most pleasing and satisfying. Ascertain the heights and habits of plants before setting them out : this will obviate added work later. Try to blend colors harmoniously ; keep the strong colors at the sides or extreme ends of the garden. In filling entire beds wi,th annuals, perennials, or roses, remember that one solid color is in better taste than a conglomerate mixture. When watering, do it thoroughly or not at all ; constant dribblings are more harmful than helpful. As winter sets in, mulch beds and borders of bulbs and perennials with leaves, strawy manure, or some other suitable material. Scatter a little old manure over this to hold it in position, and don't be in too great a hurry to remove it when the first warm days come in late winter. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK- Encourage the birds by not only planting berry-bearing shrubs for them, but provide a bird bath, nesting houses, and feed in winter. Birds are man's best friends ; without them horticulture and agriculture would be impossible. The more we can encourage them to visit our gardens, the fewer pests will afflict our plants. Make careful note of desirable plants at exhibitions or when visiting private estates, public parks and nurseries. Get into the habit of buying and planting more shrubs and perennials in fall rather than spring ; they do vastly better in nearly all cases and this relieves the spring strain. Don't be discouraged because you fail one season with a plant you admire, try again under different conditions the following season. Anyone who loves the garden can see beauty in it at all seasons. Nature's boundless workshop is never idle, and even where the eye sees snow and ice in su- premacy, we know that very soon signs of activity will appear where the melting snows allow the warming rays of the sun to kiss mother earth. I would close with these lines from Mary Howett on flowers : Then wherefore, wherefore were they made, All dyed in rainbow light, All fashioned in supremest grace, Upspringing day and night. Springing in valleys green and low, And on the mountain high. And in the silent wilderness Where no man passes by. Our outward life requires them not. Then wherefore had they birth ? To minister delight to man ; To beautify the earth. To comfort man, to whisper hope Whene'er his faith grows dim. Then, whoso careth for the flowers Will much more care for him. Mr. Craig gave a practical talk and in a way which made it plain to all. He aroused great interest, his remarks being listened to with much attention. At the close of the lecture he was called upon to answer many inquiries. George V. Nash, Secretary. 134 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA GEORGE T. POWELL Honorary Vice-Presidents JAMES WOOD CLEMENT MOORE Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors. F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS JOHN E. LAGER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON J. A. MANDA E. B. SOUTHWICK ROBT. T. BROWN GEORGE V. NASH JAMES STUART JOHN CANNING F. R. NEWBOLD G. E. M. STUMPP M. C EBEL PATiaCK O'MARA CHAS. H. TOTTY T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL WM. TRICKER I. S. HENDRICKSON J. H. TROY Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. ADOLPH LEWISOHN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ournaI of tt)e J^ortuultural feocietpof i^eto |?orti Vol. II, No. 9 ^^Mfl^^m MAY, 1916 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY QEORQE V. NASH CONTENTS The Rose Garden, with one illustration 135 The Peony Show 136 The International Flower Show, held April 5 to 12, with three illastrations 137 Flower Shows : January 19, 1916 140 February r6, 1916 141 March 15, igi6 142 May 13 and 14, 1916 143 Amendments to By-Laws 144 Proceedings of the Society : February 16, 1916 145 March 15, 1916 145 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. JOURX. HORT. Soc. N. V. \'oL. 11, Plate 22 The Rose Garden. Design, formally approved, of one of the entrances. The Garden is to be developed in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden. 3fournal of tl^e Horticultural ^octetp of J^eto ^ork INCORPORATEn I902 Vol. II, No. 9 Quarterly iVlAY, 1916 By subscription $1.00 per year THE ROSE GARDEN In the issue of this Journal for x^ugust, 191 5, under the title, " Establishment of a Rose Garden," an announcement was made of a cooperative agreement between the New York Botanical Garden and The Horticultural Society of New York, for the establishment of a rose garden. This provides that the New York Botanical Garden shall accomplish the maintenance of the garden, and that The Horticultural Society of New York shall provide the plants. The site selected for the garden is on the east side of the Bronx River in the New York Botanical Garden, a short dis- tance to the south of the Mansion. Here in a sheltered swale is an ideal location. The accompanying illustration is prepared from a plan, formally adopted, of one of the entrances. Work of preparation has already begun, the ground having been formally broken on May 4, the day of the spring inspection of the grounds of the New York Botanical Garden. It is planned to continue the work during the summer. In this connection it is of interest to announce that on the afternoon of Thursday, June 8th, Admiral Ward will again open to the public his rose garden at Roslyn, Long Island, the admis- sion fee being one dollar. Mr. E. H. Wilson, who has spent so many years in exploration in China and who has introduced so 135 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK many plants new to horticulture, will deliver a lecture on roses. Tea will be served during the afternoon by the American Com- mittee, Mrs. Robert Bacon, chairman, of the American Ambulance Hospital at Neuilly, France. The proceeds thus derived will be devoted to the needs of that institution. THE PEONY SHOW An exhibition of peonies will be held at the American Museum of Natural History on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, June 9 to II. The exhibition will be open Friday evening from 7 to 10, Saturday from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. and from 7 to 10 P.M., and on Sunday from i to 5 P.M. The American Peony Society has accepted the invitation of our society to hold its annual meeting and exhibition with us, and the exhibition is given by the coopera- tion of the two societies, each contributing to the premium list. Schedules of classes and premiums may be had by addressing the secretary of The Horticultural Society of New York, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. The peony is a flower of great popularity, a general favorite, and a peony show always appeals to many people. By selection of varieties, peonies may be had in bloom from early May, when the tree peonies make their first appearance, to the middle of June or even later. In this latitude they are usually at their best be- fore the middle of June. Given a deep, rich soil, and not dis- turbed too often, they will give a wealth of bloom. After the flowers are past there still remains the attractive green foliage, forming a fine backgrovmd for other herbaceous flowers, or for lilies, which may be planted among them. LUium speciositui is very striking thus planted, and the variety allnim is particularly pleasing. Lilium candidum also does well when planted among peonies. A wide range of color, white, pink, maroon, crimson, rose, all in many shades, is presented by the peony, but yellow is rare, occurring mainly in the central portions of the double flowers. The single or slightly double forms are charming in their sim- plicity, their centre of yellow stamens adding to their charm; 136 ■ OJ 5 u "o — C <1J THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK while the fully double forms are more lasting and preferred by many. It is a flower well suited to the perennial border, for it is per- sistent and hardy, and may be counted on from year to year. THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The Third International Flower Show, given by The Horti- cultural Society of New York in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club, was held in the Grand Central Palace, April 5 to 12. It was thought that the show held in the spring of 191 5 was of large proportions and fine quality, but the exhibition of the present spring far exceeded it in quantity and quality of exhibits. The arrangement was artistic, carried out under the able management of Mr. Arthur Herrington, who was also re- sponsible for the arrangement of the show the previous year. It was a success, artistically and financially. In an account of the show of last year which appeared in this Journal, the hope was expressed that in future there would be more of the larger exhibits, represented by rose gardens, rock gardens, and bulb gardens. This hope was realized in the show of the present spring, for all these features were well represented. The rose gardens, of which there were four, dilifering widely in design, attracted general attention and admiration. The three prizes in this class were ofifered by members of The Horticultural Society of New York. The first prize in this competition was won by the F. R. Pierson Co., of Tarrytown, N. Y., with a rose garden beautiful and artistic in design. It was a picture, correct in line and harmonious in color. Here, one felt, was a garden where quiet and peace would reign, where the eye could roam and find no jarring note. In addition to securing the first prize of $500, this garden was also awarded the silver cup offered by the International Garden Club for the finest exhibit in the show. The second prize for a rose garden was awarded to Cromwell Gardens, Cromwell, Ct. This was also a beautiful garden, dif- fering widely from the other, built on more massive lines and rustic in design. The third prize was won by Bobbink & At- kins for a design still different. ^2>7 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK A new feature was introduced this year in the rock garden. There were three of these. That of Cromwell Gardens won the first prize, the second going to Bobbink & Atkins. Another of the attractions was a bulb garden, exhibited by John Scheepers & Co., Inc. This was square with a circular path, the central design star-shaped. The table decorations were always the center of attraction. The first competition in these was on Saturday, the 8th. The decorations were restricted to sweet peas. The first prize was won by Air. Adolph Lewisohn, the second by Mrs. H. Darling- ton. On Monday, the loth, the hotel table decorations were dis- played. The first prize in this class was won by the Hotel Manhattan, and to the table of the Vanderbilt Hotel a silver medal was awarded. The following day came the table decora- tions for private gardeners. These were especially fine. The first prize, a silver cup, oft'ered by the Manhattan Hotel, was won by Mrs. C. Bradley, Convent Station, N. J., the second by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, and the third by Mr. James Fraser, of Morris- town, N. J. On Wednesday, the 5th, was the carnation display for commer- cial growers, the prizes being offered by The Horticultural So- ciety of New York. The Cottage Gardens Co. took first, and Stout's, Biddleford, Ale., second. The rose display, commercial growers, occurred on the 8th. The prizes for this were also offered by members of the Horticultural Society. A. N. Pierson, Inc., was awarded first, the F. R. Pierson Co., second. The display of sweet peas was likewise on this date, Mr. C. A. Zvolanek being awarded first prize for a collection of these flowers. The exhibits of orchids rivaled, if it did not exceed, all previous displays in this city. There were many fine groups and valuable plants. An instructive element in this section was the exhibit of Mr. Clement Aloore, of Hacken.sack, N. J., illustrating the raising of hybrid orchids. The parent plants of a given hybrid, as well as a plaiit of the hybrid itself, were shown. The method of hybridizing was explained ; the seed, both fertile and sterile forms ; the manner of sowing the seed and the medium used for this purpose ; the seedlings from their first emergence from the 138 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK seed through a series of plants of different ages up to six years old, when the orchid hybrid visually comes into flower, the first indication which the experimenter has as to whether he is to get a reward for his labors or not. A gold medal was awarded to this exhibit by The Horticultural Society of New York. The competition in the groups of flowering plants and bulbs, to cover three hundred square feet, was keen. To Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, John Canning superintendent, was awarded the first prize for a group as airy, delightful and spring-like as could be imagined. This was to the right at the head of the stairs, the first greeting to the show. It made one feel that spring was really here. A graceful figure in the background with the tink- ling waters of the fountain added to this feeling of spring. The massing of light-colored primulas and bulbous flowers made one think of the fields of spring with their mantle of bloom. Mr. F. E. Lewis received the second prize in this class, and Mr. W. N. Thompson the third. All of the many exhibits cannot be referred to here, only such as were extraordinary or of striking appearance. There were large displays of foliage plants, palms, azaleas, rhododen- drons, hydrangeas. Great masses of flowering bulbs, lilies, lily- of-the-valley, tulips, narcissus, hyacinths. There were cyclamens in fine examples. Schizanthus plants, finer than ever before exhibited, those of Mr. C. K. G. Billings taking the first prize. Fine collections of hippeastrum hybrids, erroneously referred to usually as amaryllis, formed groups of bright color. Acacias, cinerarias, wistarias, and Bougainvilleas were other plants to be seen. Snapdragons, mignonette, pansies, stocks, wall-flowers, violets and many others brightened the exhibits. The Red Cross Tea Garden, as last year, was a leading feature of the exhibition. It was conducted on a much larger scale and the funds derived for the benefit of this organization and its affiliations were much larger. An illustration and an account of the Tea Garden were given in this Journal for February. Mrs. W. K. Draper and Mrs. Belmont Tiffany were indefatig- able in their exertions to make it go and the great success of the Tea Garden should be their reward. The Tea Garden was de- signed by Mr. Lawrence G. White and i\Ir. Frederic R. King, 139 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK and in appreciation of their efforts, which contributed much to the success of the Garden, The Horticultural Society of New York awarded to each a gold medal. Attractions were arranged for the Tea Garden for each day. On Friday Ex-president Roosevelt visited the garden and the show. His reception was enthusiastic. There was dancing by members of the Russian ballet ; motion pictures ; fancy dancing ; transcontinental telephoning. Count von Bernstorff, the German Ambassador, made a visit on Saturday afternoon. There was also a series of lectures on horticultural subjects in the morn- ings at II. This wonderful event has gone down into horticultural history as the greatest exhibition ever achieved in this country. It has set the pace for the future, and it will require great efforts to exceed this ideal of 1916. FLOWER SHOWS January An exhibition was held on Wednesday, the 19th, at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, from i to 5. Premiums were offered for cut flowers of orchids, carnations, sweet peas, schizan- thus and antirrhinums. The show was well attended, and many gardeners were present. In the class for carnations, non-commercial growers, Mrs. S. Hofmann, Tarrytown, N. Y., Abel Weeks, gardener, took first for white, Mr. J. C. Brady, Gladstone, N. J., Fred. Huyler, gar- dener, second. For Enchantress shade Mr. Henry Goldman, Deal Beach, N. J., Anton Bauer, gardener, won first, Mrs. S. Hermann, second. In Mrs. C. W. Ward shade Mr. Goldman was again a first prize winner, Mr. Brady securing the second. A vase of 12 scarlet gave the first prize to Mr. J. C. Brady. The winners in the crimson were Mr. D. G. Reid, Irvington, N. Y., A. W. Golding, gardener, first, Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald, Flushing, N. Y., R. Hughes, gardener, second. The first prize for 12 variegated was won by Mrs. S. Hermann. The first prize for a 140 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK vase of fifty, arranged for effect, won the first prize for Mr. D. G. Reid. A collection of orchid blooms won for Mr. Clement Moore, Hackensack, N. J., J. P. Mossman, gardener, first, and a special prize of a silver medal was awarded to this exhibit on account of its exceptional merit. In another class a collection of orchid blooms exhibited by Mrs. F. A. Constable, Jas Stuart, gardener, won first. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. F. A. Con- stable, for a vase of Euphorbia jaquinaefiora, cultural certificate ; Mr. Henry Goldman, vase of gardenia, cultural certificate, vase of snapdragons, cash ; Mr. J. C. Brady, miscellaneous collection, cash ; Mrs. H. Darlington, Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, display of Spiraea riibens, cash, vase of Buddlcia asiatica, cash ; Mr. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Falls, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, vase of sweet pea, " Yarrawa," cash ; Lager & Hurrell, collection of cut orchids, cash; Mr. Clement Moore, group of Dendrobium, silver medal. The judges were : P. W. Popp, and Anton Bauer. February An exhibition was held on Wednesday, the i6th, at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, from i to 5. Prizes were ofifered for cut blooms of orchids, roses, sweet peas, schizanthus, antirrhinums, freesias, and narcissus. Mrs. H. I. Pratt, Brooklyn, A. J. Manda, gardener, secured first for a collection of cut orchids, Mr. Clement Moore, second. In another class for orchid cut blooms Mrs. F. ±\. Constable won first, Mr. F. E. Lewis, Ridgefield, Ct., J. W. Smith, gardener, second. A vase of fifty roses, arranged for efifect, exhibited by Mrs. F. A. Constable, was awarded the first prize in that class, the second going to Mr. F. E. Lewis. In the class of twenty-five roses, ar- ranged for efifect, Mrs. H. Darlington won first. In the sweet pea classes Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuyse, Oakhurst, N. J., Geo. Masson, gardener, won first, Mr. F. E. Lewis, second. Mr. F. E. Lewis was also winner of the first prize for a vase of antirrhinums, Mr. Henry Goldman, second. Mr. Henry Gold- 141 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK man won first for a vase of fifty freesias, Mr. T. D. Leonard, Morris Plains, N. J., E. Yeandle, gardener, second. First prize for narcissus was won by Mrs. H. Darlington. The following special prizes were awarded : Bobbink & Atkins, display of miscellaneous flowering plants, silver medal; Adrian Iselin, Jr., New Rochelle, N. Y., Jos. Tiernan, gardener, cash ; Mr. Clement Moore, for new and rare cattleyas and hybrids, silver medal ; Hamilton Farm, Gladstone, N. J., for vase of rose " Hoosier Beauty," cash ; Mr. D. G. Reid, miscellaneous cut flowers, cash ; Lager & Hurrell, collection cut orchids, cash ; Mr. F. E. Lewis, vase of carnations, cash ; Mrs. H. Darlington, display of bulbous flowers, cash ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, display of Bnddleia asiatica and Lilimn spcciosiim magnificum, cash; Mrs. Frederick Freling- huysen, vase of Narcissus King Alfred, cash. The judges were : A. J. Manda and Thos. J. Morris. March An exhibition was held on Wednesday, the 15th, at the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History. Premiums were offered for cut blooms of orchids, roses, carnations, sweet peas, antirrhinums, narcissus, tulips and lilies. Mrs. H. L Pratt Avon first prize for a collection of orchid blooms. In the class for roses, non-commercial growers, Mrs. F. A. Constable took first for a vase of twenty-five, one or more varieties, Mrs. H. Darlington, second. In the carnation classes, non-commercial growers, the first prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable for a vase of fifty, one or more varieties, the second to Hamilton Farm. Mr. Wm. Shillaber was the winner of the first prize for a vase of one hundred sweet peas, Mrs. J. H. Flagler, Greenwich, Ct., Wm. Whitton, gardener, second. A vase of ten spikes of antirrhinums brought the first prize to Mr. Henry Goldman, the second to Hamilton Farm. In the class for three vases of narcissus, three varieties, eighteen blooms of each, the first prize was awarded to Mrs. H. Darling- ton. For three vases of tulips, three varieties, twelve of each, Mrs. J. H. Flagler was awarded first, Mrs. H. Darlington second. For a vase of ten stems of Lilium speciosum magnificum Mrs, F. 142 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK A. Constable received the first prize, and Mrs. J. H. Flagler sec- ond for a vase of ten stems of Easter lilies. The following special prizes were awarded : Bobbink & Atkins, for a collection of flowering shrubs, silver medal; Mrs. J. H. Flagler, for vases of tulips and amaryllis, cash; Hamilton Farm, for vases of mignonette and snapdragons, cash; Wm. Tricker, for vase of water lilies, bronze medal ; Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols, George Sullivan, gardener, for a dozen pans of hyacinths in va- riety, silver medal and cash ; Lager & Hurrell, for collection of orchid blooms, cash; Mrs. F. A. Constable, for vases of narcis- sus, tulips, callas, and Clivia, cash ; Mrs. H. Darlington, for vase of amaryllis hybrids, cash ; Air. Austen Colgate, Orange, N. J., Wm. Reid, gardener, for Anthurimn Reidii, certificate of culture; Mrs. A. M. Booth, Great Neck, N. Y., E. Fardel, gardener, for collection of hybrid freesias, and collection of hybrid Helleborus, silver medal. The judges were: J. F. Johnston, I. S. Hendrickson, and Robt. T. Brown. May An exhibition was held on the 13th and 14th, Saturday and Sunday, in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden. The premiums were offered by the New York Botanical Garden, from the income of the William R. Sands Fund, to be awarded by the Exhibition Committee of The Horticultural Society of New York. Premiums were offered for cut blooms of herbace- ous plants, shrubs and trees, tulips, narcissus, orchids, sweet peas, and antirrhinums, and for plants of pelargoniums and calceo- larias. The exhibition was held in connection with the annual meeting of the society. A feature of the exhibition was the fine collection, in fifty vases, of flowers of shrubs and trees displayed by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, Glen Head, Long Island, A. Lahodny, gardener. Another striking exhibit was the display of early, cottage and Darwin tulips made by John Scheepers & Co., Inc. This display consisted of one hundred and fifteen vases, many of the tulips being unusual. Some of the Darwins were especially noteworthy, a vase of fine blooms of Pride of Haarlem and of another of Valentin being among these. The first prize ofifered for a collection of the flowers of her- 143 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK baceous plants was won by Mr. John F. Orr, Rye, N. Y. In the class for collection of flowers of shrubs and trees Mr. T. A. Havemeyer won first, with a display of fifty vases, Mr. John F. Orr, second, with a collection of thirty-seven vases. Owing to the unusual excellence of the display of Mr. Havemeyer, the Exhibition Committee awarded to it a special prize of a silver medal. Mrs. W. G. Nichols took first prize for a collection of thirty-nine vases of tulips, and also first for a collection of nar- cissus. The above were all in the classes open to all. In the classes for non-commercial growers Mrs. A. M. Booth secured first for a collection of fifty vases of tulips, and also first for a collection of fifty-nine vases of narcissus, Mr. John F. Orr re- ceiving second in the latter class. Mrs. F. A. Constable exhibited a vase of ten spikes of antirrhinums which won the first prize. Mr. Ralph Pulitzer, Manhasset, Long Island, Frederick Hitch- man, gardener, secured first prize for a collection of six plants of calceolarias, Mrs. F. A. Constable second. The following special prizes were awarded : John Scheepers & Co., Inc., for a collection of tulips and narcissus, silver medal ; Bobbink & Atkins, for a display of herbaceous plants, cash; Mrs. A. M. Booth, for vases of gladioli and pancratiums, cash. The New York Botanical Garden made a display of the flowers of trees and shrubs, and also of blossoms from the Japanese Cherry Garden. The judges were: Jos. A. Manda, E. Fardel, and John P. Sorenson. AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS It was found that the provisions for the election of members in the recently adopted by-laws, published in the Journal for August, 191 5, were not adequate. It is provided in Article VII of the by-laws that they may be amended by the Board of Di- rectors at any stated or special meeting. Acting under this pro- vision the Board at a meeting held February 16, 1916, adopted the following amendments, viz : Strike out section 4 of Article I relating to election of members and substitute therefor the following, viz : 144 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK "Section 4. Election of Members. All members of the society, of all classes and designations, shall be elected by the directors by a majority vote of those present at any stated or special meeting of the Comicil. Such vote may be either by ballot or viva voce as the Council may from time to time determine. " The chairman or presiding ofificer of any meeting of the Council may appoint a committee of three to act as tellers in case such election shall be by ballot. The result of any election shall be declared by the chairman or presiding officer." Add the following as section 5 of said Article I : "Section 5. Termination of Membership. Any member of the society who shall continue in arrears for non-payment of dues for two years or more shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the society, unless the Council by a majority vote of those present at anj- stated or special meeting thereof shall otherwise direct." PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY February 16, 1916. A meeting of the society was held in the East Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural History, at 4 P.M., the president presiding. No business was transacted. Mr. Arthur Herrington delivered the lecture announced for the day on " Irises for American Gardens." This was illus- trated with colored lantern slides, and was listened to by an audience which filled the room. Mr. Herrington described the irises which could be grown in our gardens and the methods of cultivating them. It was a practical lecture, presenting the sub- ject in a way which made it applicable to the needs of the man who had his own garden. George V. Nash, Secretary. March 15, 1916. A meeting of the society was held in the East Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural History, at 4 P.M., the president presiding. No business was transacted. The lecture announced for the day was delivered by Mr. E. H. Wilson, and was entitled " Plant Hunting in China." Mr. Wil- 145 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK son's achievements in the introduction of plants new to cultiva- tion are well known. By the aid of lantern slides the audience was taken through distant and little known parts of China, the plant habitats of many of Mr. Wilson's introductions being shown. In spite of the inclement weather a good-sized audience assembled to hear the lecture. George V. Nash, Secretary 146 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. N. MILLER CLEMENT MOORE GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City F. L. ATKINS N. L. BRITTON ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN CANNING M. C. EBEL E. FARDEL T. A. HAVEMEYER Board of Directors. F. R. PIERSON, Chairman I. S. HENDRICKSON GEORGE T. POWELL JOHN E. LAGER J. A. MANDA GEORGE V. NASH F. R. NEWBOLD PATRICK O'MARA JULIUS ROEHRS E. B. SOUTHWICK JAMES STUART G. E. M. STUMPP WM. TRICKER J. H. TROY Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. ADOLPH LEWISOHN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ournal of tl^e ll^orticultural ^octetp of fim J9orfe Vol. II, No. 10 '^^m^^m AUGUST, 1916 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Fall Exhibition '47 Gladiolus Exhibition ^^47 Proceedings of the Society: Annual Meeting, May 13, 1916.. '49 Sixteenth Annual Report of the Board of Directors, presented May 13, rgie 150 Treasurer's Statement, for the year ending May 13, 1916 i55 Membership, for the year ending May 13, 1916 ^56 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA, 3Iournal of ti^e llorticultural ^octetp of jBteto ^ork INCORPORATED I902 Vol. 11, No. 10 Quarterly AUuUSl, 1916 By subscription $1.00 per year FALL EXHIBITION ^'" The Annual Fall Exhibition will be held at the American Museum of Natural History, November 9 to 12. The exhibition will be open on the evening of the first day from 7 to 10, espe- cially for the members of the Society, the Museum, and affiliated organizations; on the tenth and eleventh from 9 x\.M. to 5 P.M. and from 7 to 10 P.M. ; and on the twelfth, Sunday, from i to 5 P.M. Schedules are now ready for distribution, and will be sent on application to the secretary. The chrysanthemum is a large feature of this exhibition, and many prizes are ofl^ered for this flower, both for plants and cut blooms. Premiums are also ofllered for roses, carnations, foliage and decorative plants, and orchids. GLADIOLUS EXHIBITION An exhibition of gladioli was held in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, in the Museum building of that institu- tion, on Saturday and Sunday, August 19 and 20. In each of the halls on the ground floor a long center table was filled with these flowers. On the table in the eastern hall was a display by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, of Glen Head, Long Island. In this exhibit were many choice sorts, represented by superb specimens. In addition 147 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK to the exhibits of gladioh, there were displays of collections of annual flowers, which attracted considerable attention. An object of unusual interest was a flower of Magnolia grandi- flora, exhibited by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer from a tree, grown in the open with some winter protection, on his place at Glen Head. In the past it has proved precariously hardy as far north as Phila- delphia, while in Washington, D. C, there are several fine speci- mens of it. The flowering of the tree at Glen Head is probably the first instance of the production of flowers out of doors in this latitude. From North Carolina to central Florida and through the Gulf states to Texas and Arkansas, this tree is found wild, especially along ponds and streams, sometimes attaining a height of over one hundred feet. It is the finest of our native broad- leaved evergreens, bearing large creamy white fragrant flowers six inches or more across. It is unfortunate that it mav not be classed among the trees hardy in this latitude. The premiums for this exhibition were offered by the New York Botanical Garden, from the income of the William R. Sands Fund, and the following awards were made by the Ex- hibition Committee of The Horticultural Society: In the open-to-all classes, Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, A. Lahodny, gardener, secured the first prize for the largest and best collec- tion of gladioli, the second going to John Lewis Childs, Inc. Mr. Havemeyer also secured first prize for the best twelve vari- eties, three spikes of each, John Lewis Childs, Inc., second. For the best vase each of pink and white, twenty-five spikes, the first prize in each was won by Mr. Havemeyer, the second by John Lewis Childs, Inc. John Lewis Childs, Inc., was awarded the first prize for a vase of red, twenty-five spikes. Mrs. H. Dar- lington, P. W. Popp, gardener, received first prize for a center- piece for the table. In the classes for non-commercial growers, Mrs. H. Darling- ton was awarded the first prize for the largest and best collection. Mrs. F. A. Constable, James Stuart, gardener, was awarded the first prize for a collection of six varieties, three spikes of each, Mrs. H. Darlington, the second. For the best vase of white, six spikes, Mr. Wm. Shillaber, J. P. Sorenson, gardener, won the first. For the best vase of pink, six spikes, Mrs. H. DarUngton 148 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK won the first. For the best vase of red, six spikes, Mrs. F. A. Constable secured first, Mrs. H. Darlington, second. The premiums for collections of twelve annual flowers were restricted to non-commercial growers. Mr. Ralph Pulitzer, Fred- erick Hitchman, gardener, won the first, Wm. Shillaber second. Special prizes were awarded as follows : Mrs. F. A. Constable, for a collection of perennial flowers ; Bobbink & Atkins, for her- baceous perennials. The judges were Messrs. Patrick O'Mara, John Canning, and Robert T. Brown. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY May 13, 1916 The annual meeting of the society was held on Saturday, May 13, 1916, at 3 130 P.M., in the lecture hall, Museum Building, New York Botanical Garden, the president presiding. There was present a quorum. The following resolution was moved, seconded and unanimously carried : Resolved: That each and all the acts of the Directors of The Horticultural Society of New York since the date of the last an- nual meeting, held on the 5th day of June, 191 5, be, and they hereby are, ratified and approved. The first order of business was the election of seven directors, for a term of three years, to replace those elected in 191 5 for a term of one year. The following nominations were made : G. E. M. Stumpp Chas. H. Totty M. C. Ebel ■ Wm. Tricker F. L. Atkins J. H. Troy E. B. Southwick E. Fardel The votes were cast and the inspectors announced that the fol- lowing had been elected: Messrs. Stumpp, Ebel, Atkins, South- wick, Tricker, and Troy. Messrs. Totty and Fardel were tied for the office of seventh director. A vote was again taken on these two nominees, the result being the election of Mr. Fardel. The president therefore declared the following gentlemen elected 149 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Directors for a term of three years : Messrs. Sttimpp, Ebel, At- kins, Southwick, Tricker, Troy, and Fardel. The following inspectors of election, elected at the annual meet- ing of 1915, served: J. H. Barnhart, Robert Koehne. The following were elected to serve during the year 1916 and at the annual election of 191 7: Inspectors : J. H. Barnhart, Max Schling. Alternates : A. Lahodny, Robert Koehne. The secretary announced the following amendments to the by- laws, accomplished at a meeting of the Board of Directors, held February 16, 19 16: Section 4 of Article I, relating to election of members, was stricken out and the following substitute therefor was adopted: "Section 4. Election of Members. All members of the society, of all classes and designations, shall be elected by the directors by a majority vote of those present at any stated or special meeting of the Council. Such vote may be either by ballot or viva voce as the Council may from time to time determine. " The chairman or presiding officer of any meeting of the Council may appoint a committee of three to act as tellers in case such election shall be by ballot. The result of any election shall be declared by the chairman or presiding officer." The following was added as section 5 of said Article I : "Section 5. Termination of Membership. Any member of the society who shall continue in arrears for non-payment of dues for two years or more shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the society, unless the Council by a majority vote of those present at any stated or special meet- ing thereof shall otherwise direct." George V. Nash, Secretary SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Presented May 13, 1916 The society has finished the sixteenth year of its organization, the fourteenth of its incorporation. While its membership is ac- tively growing, a greater increase is much desired to enable the ISO THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK society to carry on the work planned for the future. The mem- bership is now 705, divided as follows : Patrons, 6 ; sustaining members, 2; life members, 159; annual members, 533; associate members, 5. During the year 106 new members were obtained, of which 13 are life, 91 annual, i sustaining, and i associate. The following losses in membership have been sustained : by death, 18, of which 4 were life members ; by resignation, 12 ; dropped on account of non-payment of dues, 9; total, 39. The net gain in membership for the year is therefore 67, as follows : life, 9; annual, 56; sustaining, i ; associate, i. The permanent fund has been increased notably, by additions from life memberships and by the proceeds from the spring flower show held at the Grand Central Palace. This fund now amounts to $16,341.21. The income from this, however, is not available for the current expenses of the society, a resolution of the Board of Directors requiring that the interest be added to the principal imtil the sum reaches a total of $25,000. The establishment of a rose garden, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, as announced in the report of last year, is progressing. The plans of the garden have been ap- proved, and ground was broken on Thursday, May 4, at the time of the annual spring inspection of the New York Botanical Gar- den. The agreement between the two organizations provides that the New York Botanical Garden shall accomplish the maintenance of the garden, and that The Horticultural Society of New York shall supply the plants. Several firms interested in growing roses have already offered to donate plants for this garden. The Women's Auxiliary, in cooperation with the Women's Auxiliary of the New York Botanical Garden, has maintained a tea room in the board room of the Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, during last fall and the present spring. This is open to members of both organizations. The new office of the society, referred to in the August number of the Journal, has been equipped and is now in use. Members are welcome to it at all times. The constitution was amended at the adjourned annual meet- ing of the society, held on June 5, 191 5, in the ]\Iuseum building, New York Botanical Garden, due notice of the proposed amend- 151 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ments having been sent to all the members of the society in ac- cordance with the law. The amendments as adopted were printed in the Journal, Vol. II, pages 81-83. A set of by-laws was also adopted at the same annual meeting. These were printed in the Journal, Vol. II, Pages 85-87. It was found that the provision in the by-laws for the election of members was not satisfactory. In accordance therefore with Article VII of the by-laws, the following amendments were adopted at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on Febru- ary 16, 1916, due notice, as required by law, having been given to each director before the meeting of the Board : Section 4 of Article I, relating to the election of members, was stricken out, and the following substitute therefor adopted : "Section 4. Election of Members. All members of the society, of all classes and designations, shall be elected by the Directors by a majority vote of those present at any stated or special meeting of the Council. Such vote may be either by ballot or viva voce as the Council may from time to time determine. " The chairman or presiding officer of any meeting of the Council may appoint a committee of three to act as tellers in case such election shall be by ballot. The results of any election shall be declared by the chairman or presiding officer." The following was added as Section 5 of Article I : " Section 5. Termination of Membership. Any member of the society who shall continue in arrears for non-payment of dues for two years or more shall ipso facto cease to be a member of the society, unless the Coun- cil by a majority vote of those present at any stated or special meeting thereof shall otlierwise direct." At a meeting of the Board of Directors held on June 5, 191 5, a class of honorary vice-presidents was established by the adop- tion of a resolution providing that ofificers or members of the council who have served the society with distinction in the past shall be eligible to such a class. At the meeting of the Board of Directors, held June 26, 191 5, a class of membership to be known as Benefactors was estab- lished, the fee for such membership to be $1,000. The following meetings of the society, accompanied by exhibi- tions and preceded by meetings of the Board of Directors, were held, those from May to August, with the exception of the an- 152 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK nual meeting, at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History : May 12, 19x5. Annual Meeting, held at the Hotel Manhattan, Madison Ave. and 42nd St. As a quorum was not present the meeting was adjourned to meet at the New York Botanical Gar- den on the following June 5. June 5. Adjourned Annual Meeting of the Society, held in the Museum Building, New York Botanical Garden. At this meet- ing the new constitution and by-laws, as printed in the Journal for August, 191 S, were adopted. A lecture in the Garden course was delivered by Mr. Robert Pyle on " A Rose Garden for Every Home." August 21. A lecture in the Garden course was delivered by Dr. Mel T. Cook on " Fungous Diseases in the Flower Garden." November 6. At this meeting, held during the progress of the fall show, no business was transacted. January 19, 1916. A lecture was delivered by jMr. W. N. Craig on " The Home Flower Garden." This was delivered in the east assembly hall which was more than filled, over one hun- dred being present. February 16. A lecture was delivered by Mr. Arthur Her- rington on " Irises for American Gardens." March 15. Mr. E. H. Wilson gave a lecture on " Plant Hunt- ing in China." Eight regular exhibitions were held during the year, those from May to August in the Museum building. New York Botan- ical Garden, on Saturdays and Sundays, the remainder, with the exception of the spring show, at the American Museum of Nat- ural History on Wednesdays. The exhibitions were as follows : May 8 and 9, 191 5. On the 8th a lecture was given in the Gar- den course by Mr. George V. Nash on " Flov/ers for the Spring Garden." June 5 and 6. Primarily a- rose and peony show, held in co- operation with the American Rose Society. June 26 and 27. Premiums were offered for roses, irises, sweet peas, and other flowers. November 4 to 7. The Annual Fall Exhibition, held as usual at the American Museum of Natural History, with the permis- sion of the trustees. 153 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK January 19, 1916. Prizes were offered mainly for orchids, carnations, sweet peas, and other flowers. February 16. The premiums offered were mainly for orchids, roses, sweet peas, snapdragons, and other flowers. March 15. Premiums were offered for roses, ocrhids, carna- tions, sweet peas, and other flowers. April 5 to 12. International Flower Show, held at the Grand Central Palace in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club. By far the finest flower show ever held in this country, exceed- ing in size and artistic arrangement any other attempt. The American Red Cross was again a feature. The tea garden con- ducted by this organization was much larger than that of last year, and a larger sum was realized. The premiums offered in the exhibitions held at the New York Botanical Garden were from the income derived from the Wil- liam R. Sands Fund of that institution. In addition to the above there was a special exhibition on May 15 and 16 for a display of lilacs and cottage and Darwin tulips from the large collections of Mr. T. A. Havemeyer at Glen Head, Long Island. On September 24 to 26 the recently organized American Dahlia Society held its first annual exhibition, in cooperation with our society, at the American Museum of Natural History. This was a very fine exhibit. The Horticultural Society of New York con- tributed $100 to the premium list. There were ten meetings of the Board of Directors, as follows : May 12, June 5, June 26, August 21, September 25, November 6, January 19, February 16, March 15, and April 10. The Journal has been issued quarterly, as follows : number 5, May 1915, 12 pages and 6 plates; number 6, August, 26 pages; number 7, November, 16 pages and 3 plates; number 8, February, 1916, 16 pages and i plate; total, 70 pages and 10 plates. A list of the membership and also a report of the treasurer are appended to this report. George V. Nash, F. R. Pierson, Secretary. Chairman. 154 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK TREASURER'S STATEMENT For the year ending May 13, 1916 Permanent Fund Receipts By report, May 12, 1915..$! [2,630.66 Life members 750.00 Interest account 45448 International Flower Show 2,297.44 $16,132.58 Loan from general account 208.63 $16,341.21 Broadway Saving Institu- tion account $ 5.73 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, i 2,613.46 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, 2 510.00 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, Barr Fund 552.02 4m Am. Can Co. bonds . . . 4,020.00 4m 111. Steel bonds 3,640.00 5m Buf. Roch. & P 5,000.00 $16,341.21 General Fund Receipts Balance from 1915-1916 ac- count $ 330.13 Sale publications i4-50 Annual dues 3,141.00 Mrs. Senff 500.00 Nov. Show Fund, 1915 ... 1,808.00 International Show Fund, 1916 3,226.50 Nov. Show Fund, 1916 . . . 5.00 Loan from Treasurer for petty cash 17-75 ),042.t Expenditures Petty cash account: Secretary $ 375-00 Printing account 575-75 Journal printing account. 1 13-58 Prizes paid account 1,502.95 Medals account 476-95 Salarj', secretary 500.00 Salary, assist, to secretary 240.00 Office furnishing account. . 487.90 Board room furnishing . . . 250.00 Expense account 487-94 Tea room account 39-00 International Flower Show account 3,226.50 Balance : Loan to P. Fund ... $208.63 Cash in bank 558.68 ?,275-57 767-3j^ p,o42.88 Frederic R. Newbold, Treasurer. 155 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK MEMBERSHIP For THE YEAR ENDING MaY I3, I916 Patrons Mrs. William Barr Mrs. Charles H. Senff Archer M. Huntington Miss Emily Trevor Mrs. Russell Sage Mrs. J. B. Trevor Sustaining Members Mrs. Robert F. Ballantine Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Life Edward D. Adams Cornelius Rea Agnew Miss Mary S. Ames Constant A. Andrews John D. Archbold Dr. S. T. Armstrong Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr. Mrs. Christopher M. Bell E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Mrs. William H. Bliss George Blumenthal George McKesson Brown Mrs. Harold Brown Louis Burk F. V. Burton W. R. Callender Miss K. L. Cammann Mrs. Ina Campbell Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Louis S. Chanler Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb W. Colgate Members Mrs. F. A. Constable R. L. Cottinet Mrs. Bayard Cutting Miss Olivia Cutting Mrs. H. Darlington Charles H. Davis Gherardi Davis Mrs. Gherardi Davis Charles Deerirtg Mrs. John R. Delafield Maturin L. Delafield, Jr. Eugene Delano Mrs. Henry F. Dimock Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge Russell Doubleday Herman Le Roy Emmet A. F. Estabrook James B; Ford Amos Tuck French H. P. Frothingham Francis P. Garvan George J. Gould Mrs. Charles W. Harkness E. S. Harkness Mrs. Edward S. Harkness Charles J. Harrah 156 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Adrian Iselin, Jr. Mrs. Ernest Isehn C. Oliver Iselin Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. D. Willis James Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones William F. Kasting Nathaniel T. Kidder Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Mrs. Daniel S. Lamont Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier Meyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman Frederic Elliott Lewis Mrs. Frederic Elliott Lewis Reginald Minturn Lewis Wadsworth Russell Lewis Mrs. William Goadby Loew Jno. H. Love James A. Macdonald Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Emerson MacMillin Alexander Michie A. G. Mills Ogden Mills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr. Newbold Morris Richard Mortimer, Jr. • Hon. Levi P. Morton Abram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. William Oilman Nichols Dudley Olcott Dr. James H. Parker James C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps F. R. Pierson Miss B. Potter Frederick T. Proctor Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne Mrs. Percy R. Pyne William A. Read Geraldyn Redmond Henry S. Redmond Mrs. George H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson Mrs. Burke Roche Julius Roehrs Thomas Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Mrs. Archibald Douglas Russell Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee Grant B. Schley R. J. F. Schwarzenbach Mrs. W. D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone G. E. M. Stumpp William H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson 157 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson William B. Thompson H. M. Tilford Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. French Vanderbilt Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig W. A. Wadsworth Henry Walters Felix M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg Mrs. John Hobart Warren Annual Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. John Dunbar Adams Mrs. C. R. Agnew Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich Douglas Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Charles H. Allender Mrs. Frederick Allien William C. Anderson Mrs. A. S. Apgar Francis J. Arend George Arents W. J. Arkell Mrs. Glover C. Arnold F. L. Atkins W. C. Atwater Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss James C. Auchincloss Thomas G. Washburn John I. Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney Webster Patrick Welch George Peabody Wetmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. Willets Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Edmond E. Wise Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer John Young William Ziegler, Jr. Members Ledyard Avery G. E. Baldwin Mrs. T. H. Barber Miss Katherine Barnes Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Miss M. L. Baugh Mrs. Lawrence P. Bayne Otto F. Behrend William F. Beller August Belmont A. D. Bendheim Miss Mary Benson Miss Harriet L. Biddle A. Bieschke Miss Louise Bijur Miss Mary E. Bissell Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bliss Miss Eleanor Blodgett Samuel J. Bloomingdale 58 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner Miss Edith G. Bowdoin K. R. Boynton S. R. Bradley A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Aneita D. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. J. Hull Browning F. W. Bruggerhof Miss Edith Bryce Edwin M. Bulkley Mrs. Edwin M. Bulkley L. Duncan Bulkley William Bunker Harry A. Bunyard Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden F. J. Burgdorff Irving T. Bush Mrs. N. M. Butler John Butter worth Miss Mary R. Callender Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss I. M. Cammann John Canning James Campbell Wilham T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart James Chambers Mrs. George H. Chatillon John Lewis Childs Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. A. Clayburgh Valentine Cleres Mrs. Alfred M. Coats C. A. Coffin Michael Coghlan Miss E. Coleman R. J. CoUier George Edward Colon Mrs. William Combe Mrs. Marin Le Brun Cooper William Cordes F. R. Cordley Mrs. William S. Cowles F. D. Crane Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford John D. Crimmins Mrs. Thomas Crimmins James W. Cromwell Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. de Forest B. F. DeKlyn J. R. De Lamar Warren Delano William Adams Delano William C. De Lanoy Mts. J. Lloyd Derby J. James de Vyver Mrs. C. D. Dickey C. F. Dieterich Miss A. M. Dike Francis P. Dodge Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George William Douglas 159 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK J. Douglas David Dows Charles A. Draper Dr. W. K. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. Du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight M. Dworetzky Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Edmund Eckart Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar Miss Lucille R. Edgar Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Richard Edie, Jr. George Ehret Abraham Erlanger Milton S. Erlanger A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel Mrs. Max Farrand William Hyatt Farrington Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson William H. Fischer Mrs. J. H. Flagler Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. W. T. Floyd L. G. Forbes J. B. Foulke kiss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mrs. L. C. French Mrs. Thomas R. French A. S. Frissell John W. Frothingham Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin Robert A. Gardiner J. E. Gay Mrs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robert W. Gibson Henry Gleason Arthur Golding James W. Goodier W. S. Gordon •Charles Gotthelf G. C. Graves John Greenough Miss Eliza R. Greenwood Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. Chester Griswold, Sr. A. M. Guinzburg Miss Bell Gurnee Miss Edith Haas Daniel S. Hage Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall Miss Josephine Barnes Hall L. Gordon Hamersley Miss Elizabeth Stewart Hamilton Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh Miss Isobel R. Harding •Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris T. A. Havemeyer Miss Frances A. L. Haven Mrs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. William Samuel Hawk Mrs. G. J. Helmer Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson Mrs. Ferdinand Hermann Mrs. M. E. Hewitt i6o THE HORTICULTUIL\L SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Peter C. Hewitt John M. W. Hicks Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Mrs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Mrs. Newlin Hooper Clarence J. Housman Richard Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt Gerald L. Hoyt Miss Gertrude L. Hoyt Thomas L. Hughes Thomas Hunt Mrs. Archer M. Huntington Mrs. George S. Huntington H. E. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huntington J. Chr. G. Hupfel Henry Hurrell Seymour L. Husted, Jr. Coulter D. Huyler Frank DeK. Huyler William Inglis Mrs. Richard Irvin Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Leon Israel Martin R. Jacobus Miss Mary R. Jay Alfred W. Jenkins Robert E. Jennings Mrs. Sidney J. Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan John F. Johnston R. M. Johnston Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. S. Beach Jones Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. Robert J. Kahn Mrs. De Lancy Kane Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller F. W. Kelsey E. Kempenaar Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy Clarence Kenyon Mrs. Willis Sharpe Kilmer Mrs. Edward King Frederic R. King Miss Isabella C. King Le Roy King Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Charles W. Knight Thomas Knight C. Kohlman Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. Dr. George F. Kunz Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Miss Margaret Lawrence Mrs. Albert A. Levi Joseph Levi Mrs. Louis S. Levy i6i THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Adolph Lewisohn Mrs. Allan Lexow Paul Lichtenstein Mrs. John R. Livermore Miss Anne P. Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. John G. Livingston John H. Livingston, Jr. Mrs. Julius Loewenthal Hugo V, Loewi Frank J. Logan Miss Hilda Loines Mrs. G. de F. Lord A. Lueder David L. Luke Florace D. Lyon Dr. D. T. MacDougal Mrs. F. Robert Mager Charles Mallory A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda J. A. Marsh Alexander L. Marshall Robert Marshall W. E. Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Marston George Massey W. J. Matheson Harry O. May R. de L. Mayer Mrs. Theresa Mayer Dr. D. H. McAlpin George L. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg Jarnes McLean B. Frank Mebane Herman W. Merkel Mrs. Payson Merrill Edwin O. Meyer A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell William Mitchell Mrs. E. D. Monod Barrington Moore Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. Morgan Mrs. Gerald Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. G. L. Morgenthau Mrs. A. Henry Mosle J. P. Mossman J. A. Muller C. W. Munson William S. Myers George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold W. Nilsson Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Notman Adolph S. Ochs Elam Ward Olney Miss Annabella S. Olyphant Patrick O'Mara Mrs. Emerson Opdyke William S. Opdyke Professor H. Fairfield Osborn Arthur W. Page Miss Bertha Pagenstecher ' Mrs. Henry Parish, Jr. Miss Gertrude Parsons 162 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. E. Parsons Adam Paterson T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Charles H. Peck Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peekham Edward S. Pegram Mrs. Stephen Pell Edmund Pen fold G. W. Perkins Mrs. Von R. Phelps Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Mrs. Gifford Pinchot Mrs. Frank H. Piatt Charles H. Plump P. W. Popp A. J. Porter A. S. Post Mrs. Frank Hunter Potter . George T; Powell Mrs. Charles E. Proctor Charles Pryer Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer Mrs. N. T. Pulsifer Miss Eva C. Putney- Robert Pyle C. F. Quincy William J. Quinlan, Jr. Miss Katherine W. Reid J. Walter Reimels Mrs. N. C. Reynal Miss Elvine Richard Samuel M. Riker William J. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb G. Theodore Roberts Miss M. M. Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson Edward Robinson Mrs. Edward Robinson ]\Irs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers Mrs. James Gamble Rogers A. J. Rolle Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Max Rosenberg Mrs. Oscar Rosenthal Mrs. Charles B. Rowland Mrs. James A. Rumrill Mrs. Justus Ruperti Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Dr. H. H. Rusby Isadore Saks Miss Louise Sands W. H. Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee John Scheepers Mortimer L. Schiff Rudolph E. Schirmer George Schlegel Max Schling Miss Marianne Schurz C. W. Scott William Scott James A. Scrymser Mrs. J. H. Sears Alonzo B. See Charles E. Seitz Isaac N. Seligman Jefferson Seligman Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sharpe A. R. Shattuck Mrs. A. R. Shattuck Walter F. Sheridan William Shillaber Henry W. Shoemaker 63 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK H. A. Siebrecht William H. Siebrecht Franklin Simon Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Samuel Sloan Thomas Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith E. G. Snow Mrs. Frederick A. Snow L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick J. E. Spingarn Frank McM. Stanton J. R. Stanton Joseph H. Steinhardt Frederick T. Steinway Robert S. Stephenson Mrs. Benjamin Stern J. Ernest Stern F. Lynde Stetson Frederic W. Stevens Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Robert Stobo Charles Strauss Louis Strauss Mrs. WilHam Strauss Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart Frederick Sturges F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Rush Taggart E. N. Tailer Mrs. Henry P. Tailer James Talcott C. A. Tatum Richard E. Thibaut Mrs. Howard L. Thomas J. Thorne Myles Tierney Mrs. Belmont Tiffany Louis C. Tiffany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy ■ F. H. Traendly A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tuttle Alvin Untermyer Mrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. L. E. Van Etten Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen William W. Vert E. C, Vick Mrs. E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. Von Zedlitz H. F. Walker John G. Walker George Wallerstein M. H. Walsh C. W. Ward Mrs. F. Egerton Webb Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. F. D. Wells Mrs. Maurice Wertheim Mrs. Robert E. Westcott Miss Edith Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Lawrence G. White Mrs. Stanford White W. A. White 164 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Alfred A. Whitman Miss Margaret S. Whitney William Whitton Miss Theodora Wilbour Dr. Anna Wessels Williams W. P. Willis M. Orme Wilson F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood Mrs. C. B. Wood James Wood Mrs. Isidor Wormser Mrs. J. Hood Wright E. Yeandle Miss Annette Young Mrs. A, Murray Young Mrs. WilHam H. Young Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie Charles Zoller A. C. Zvolanek Owen A. Hunwick S. G. Milosy Frederick Schultz Associate Members William R. Seymour J. P. Sorenson 165 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER. New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors. F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER PATRICK O'MARA N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON GEORGE T. POWELL ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER JULIUS ROEHRS JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA E. B. SOUTHWICK JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH JAMES STUART M. C. EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD G. E. M. STUMPP E. FARDEL J. H. TROY Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE journal of tf)e IJ^ortuultural Sottetp of j^eto ^orfe NOVEMBER, Vol. II, No. 11 ^^^P^H! 1916 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The Fall Exhibition ^67 List of Contributors to the Fall Show Fund i75 Proceedings of the Society: August 19, 1916 ^7® PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of jBleto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol II No 11 'ssued NOVFMRFR IQlfi Free to members VUl. II, 1>U. 1 1 Quarterly i^w VCiTlDEIV, i:?10 By subscription $1.00 per year THE FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition, the largest ever given by the so- ciety, closed its doors on Sunday, November 12, after an unprece- dented success and attendance. Never before in the history of the society had there been such keen competition and such numbers of entries, taxing the present facilities of the society to accommo- date them. The display of bush chrysanthemum plants was far ahead of anything achieved before anywhere, and was the wonder and admiration of all. The exhibition was given in cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History, under permis- sion of the trustees. The members of the society, of the Museum, and of affiliated organizations enjoyed the usual private view, this year on the opening evening of November 9, from 7 to 10. The exhibition was open free to the pubHc on Friday and Satur- day, November 10 and 11, from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., and from 7 to 10 P.M., and on Sunday from i to 5 P.M. Great numbers had visited the shows in past seasons, but the attendance this fall was in excess of that of any other year, being in round numbers 200,000. The exact figures were 199,993, divided as follows: Thursday, 8,399; Friday, 52,989; Saturday, 73,611; Sunday, 64,994. The arrangement of exhibits was similar to that of last year. The large bush chrysanthemum plants were in the foyer, now known as Memorial Hall. In the north wing were the orchids; 167 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK the east wing held the roses, carnations, and table decorations ; the west wing the long-stemmed chrysanthemum blooms and most of the groups of greenhouse foliage and flowering plants; and in the Indian hall cut chrysanthemum blooms. As stated above, the display of bush chrysanthemum plants was exceptional. While none of them was quite as large as the largest ones of last year, the quality of most of them was superb, and there were many more. Of all kinds there were twenty-four, of which fifteen were large circular plants, nine in tubs over four- teen inches in diameter, the remainder in the classes calling for smaller tubs. The class for standards brought out three fine specimens, and in that for odd-shaped plants six were exhibited : three fan-shaped, two pillars, and one in the form of a small steamboat. In the classes for specimen bushes in not less than fourteen- inch pots, the following were prize winners : Yellow, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Ardsley, N. Y., John Canning, superintendent, first, for a fine plant of R. F. Felton. White, Mr. Lewisohn first, with a fine plant of Lady Lydia ; Mr. F. E. Lewis, Ridgefield, Conn., J. W. Smith, gardener, second. Pink, Mr. Lewisohn first, with Wells' Late Pink ; Mr. Lewis second, with the same variety. Any other color, Mr. Lewisohn first, with a fan-shaped plant, white one side and golden brown the other. Anemone or single, any color, two contestants, both with Garza, Mr. Chas. Mallory, Port Chester, N. Y., Wm. J. Sealey, gardener, first; Mr. W. B. Thompson, Yonkers, N. Y., R. M. Johnston, gardener, second. In the classes for bush plants, in not more than fourteen-inch pots, the following were prize winners : Yellow, Mr. W. B. Thompson, first. White, Mr. Thompson first, with Lady Lydia ; Mr. G. D. Barron, Rye, N. Y., James Linane, gardener, second, with Garza. Pink, Mr. Barron first, with Wells' Late Pink, Mr. Thompson second. Any other color, Mr. Thompson first. In the specimen standards Mr. J. R. De Lamar, Glen Cove, N. Y., Robt. Marshall, gardener, was awarded first, for a plant of Mrs. R. H. Pearson ; Mr. W. B. Thompson second, for a plant of Golden Age. i68 7) ^ j= 2 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The classes for odd-shaped plants were represented by four entries. Mr. Adolph Lewisohn's pillar of Wells' Late Pink, a superb specimen, ten or twelve feet tall, won first, a tall fan- shaped plant of Caledonia, exhibited by Mr. Chas. Mallory, secur- ing second. Of the display of bush plants Mr. Adolph Lewisohn contrib- uted eight : four circular, two pillars, and two fan-shaped. Five were in competitive and three in special classes. To this display of eight plants the Exhibition Committee awarded a special prize, a gold medal. The classes for cut chrj'santhemum blooms were well filled, a much larger display in all than in any previous year. The quality of the blooms was excellent. In the classes for commercial grow- ers, twelve blooms, stems not less than three feet long, Mr. Chas. H. Totty, Madison, N. J., received first prizes for a vase each of white, pink, yellow and any other color, and second for a vase of red. For a collection of twenty-five varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long, Mr. Totty received first, Messrs. Scott Bros., Elmsford, N. Y., second. A fine collection of pom- pons, twenty-five varieties, gave the first prize to Mr. Totty, the second going to Scott Bros. In the class for a collection of sin- gles, twenty-five varieties, Mr. Totty secured first, Scott Bros, second. The competition in the non-commercial classes was especially keen. In those for six blooms, stems not less than two feet long, there were many entries. For the white, Duke's Farm, Somer- ville, N. J., A. A. Macdonald, gardener, won first, the second going to Mr. Henry Goldman, Deal Beach, N. J., Anton Bauer, gardener; there were nine entries. In the pink class there were eleven entries. Miss M. T. Cockcroft, Saugatuck, Conn., Adam Paterson, gardener, taking first, Mrs. Payne Whitney, Man- hasset, N. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, second. In the yellow class there were nine entries, Mr. Goldman winning first, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn second. Duke's Farm and Miss Cockcroft were winners in the red class, the former securing first, the latter second ; there were six other entries. In the class for any other color, there were seven entries, the first prize going to Duke's Farm, the second to Mr. A. N. Cooley, Pittsfield, Mass., E. W. 169 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Edwards, gardener. Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, won the first prize for a vase of one or more varieties, arranged for effect, Mr. Lewisohn winning sec- ond ; there were seven other entries. Three prizes were offered for twelve vases, twelve varieties, three of each, and there were as many entries ; the first prize was won by Mr. Lewisohn, the second by Duke's Farm, the third by Mr. G. B. Schley, Far Hills, N. J., Wm. Huckvale, gardener. For six vases, six varieties, three of each, there were seven entries ; three prizes were offered, Mr. Lewisohn securing first. Duke's Farm second, and Mrs. E. S. Bayer, Mt. Kisco, N. Y., Alexander Thomson, gardener, third. Among the four entries for a collection of twenty-four varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches, were Mrs. Payne Whit- ney, and Mr. H. M. Tilford, Tuxedo Park, N. Y., Jos. Tansey, gardener, the former winning first plize, the other the second. For the same class of blooms, but for a collection of only six varieties, growers with over 2500 square feet of glass not being eligible, two prizes were offered ; there were nine entries for these prizes, Mr. Henry Goldman capturing first, Mr. E. L. Meyers, Huntington, N. Y., Wm. G. Ellis, superintendent, second. A fine collection of singles, twenty-four varieties, was the winner of the first prize for Mr. Lewisohn, another collection securing the second prize for Mr. Adrian Iselin, Jr., New Rochelle, N. Y., Jos. Tiernan, gardener ; there were six entries. In the class for a collection of singles, twelve varieties, Mr. Lewisohn won first, Mr. Frederick Sturges, Fairfield, Conn., Thos. Bell, gardener, second; there were nine entries. A collection of twenty-four varieties of pompons won for Mr. Sturges the first prize, the second going to Mr. Iselin. A collection of twelve varieties of pompons also gave the first prize to Mr. Sturges in that class. The dinner table decoration contest was staged on Saturday. There were seven entries. The table was to be set for eight per- sons, and any appropriate foliage could be used. The competition was keen and close, the judges finally awarding the first prize to Mrs. Payne Whitney, the second to Mr. W. B. Thompson,' and the third to Mr. Thos. Aitchison. The display of cut roses was much larger than in former years. In the classes for commercial growers the F. R. Pierson Co., 170 THE HORTICULIURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Tarrytown, N. Y., won first for fifty American Beauty, Mr. L. A. Noe, Madison, N, J., second ; Mr. Noe also won first for fifty white roses with White Killarney. In the class for fifty red, the F. R. Pierson Co. won first with Francis Scott Key, Mr. Totty second. Mr. Noe also won first for fifty pink roses with Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, Mr. Totty winning second. For fifty yellow roses Mr. Totty secured first prize. For a new variety, not yet in com- merce, Mr. Totty was awarded the silver medal for Mrs. Lillian Moore. In the non-commercial classes, Duke's Farm was winner of the first prize for twelve American Beauty, Mr. F. Heeremans, Lenox, Mass., second. Hoosier Beauty was winner of the first prize in the red class for Mr. Richard Delafield, Tuxedo Park, N. Y., Wm. Booth, gardener, the second being won by Mrs. E. C. Con- verse, Greenwich, Conn., Wm. Graham, gardener ; there were six entries. In the class for eighteen white Mr. Delafield was winner of the first with White Killarney, Mrs. John H. Flagler, Green- wich, Conn., Wm. Whitton, gardener, taking second. In the class for eighteen pink there were nine entries ; Mr. Delafield won first with Mrs. Chas. Russell, Mr. F. Heeremans second. There were twelve entries in the class for eighteen any other color, Mr. Delafield receiving first, Mr. H. M. Tilford second. For the vase of fifty assorted roses, arranged for efifect, there were ten entries, the first prize being awarded to Mrs. Pauline Boettger, Riverdale, N. Y., Rudolf Heidkamp, gardener, the sec- ond to Mr. Heeremans. The competition in carnation classes for commercial growers was very poor, but in the classes for non-commercial classes it was keen and spirited. In the commercial classes the Cottage Gardens Co., Queens, N. Y., won first for a vase of fifty white, also taking the sweepstakes prize. In the non-commercial classes the number of blooms required was eighteen. In the white there were nine entries, Mr. Thos. Aitchison taking first, his vase also taking the sweepstakes prize for the best vase of eighteen, Mrs. E. S. Bayer taking second. In the Enchantress shade class there were twelve entries, with Mr. Aitchison the first prize winner, and Mr. Henry Goldman the second. The Winsor shade class had six entries ; .Mr. W. B. Thompson won first, Mr. D. E. Oppen- 171 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK heimer, Yonkers, N. Y., A. Macdonald, gardener, second. Law- son shade had five entries. Mr. H. M. Tilford winning first prize, Mr. F, Heeremans second. Mr. Heeremans was also winner of the first prize in the scarlet class, Mrs. E. C. Converse taking second ; there were seven entries. In the crimson class Mrs. J. C. Brady, Gladstone, N. J., J. G. Walker, gardener, won first, Mrs. Bayer second. Mrs. Payne Whitney was winner of the first prize in the yellow class, Mr. J. B. Schley second. In the class for variegated carnations Mr. Aitchison won first, Mrs. Brady, sec- ond ; there were six entries. There was a welcome addition to the displays this year in the groups of greenhouse foliage and flowering plants. There were four entries and they added much to the attractiveness of the ex- hibition. Mr. W. B. Thompson won the first prize which included the silver cup of the society, valued at one hundred dollars ; Mrs. F. A. Constable won the second prize. An exhibit of bay trees, adding much to the decorations of Memorial Hall, was made by the Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J. ; they received first prize for it. The prizes offered for begonias of the Lorraine type brought eight entries : Mr. Thompson was awarded first, Mr. J. B. Schley second. There were more palms than usual, adding a relieving touch of green to the great masses of color in Memo- rial Hall. Mrs. Constable was awarded firsts for specimens of Chrysalidocarpus (Areca) lutescens, Howea (Kentia) Forster- iana, Rhapis flabelliformis, and for any other palm, Mrs. Pauline Boettger receiving seconds for specimens of Howea and any other palm. A fine specimen of Cibotium Schiedei won for Mrs. Con- stable the first prize, Mrs. Boettger winning the second. The first prize was awarded to the F. R. Pierson Co. for a fine plant of the Boston fern, and the first prize also for a large dispay of Nephro- lepis exaltata and its varieties. There was a good display of orchids, though not quite so large as in some former years. In the classes for commercial growers the Julius Roehrs Co. took first for a collection of orchids, twenty- five species and varieties, covering fifty square feet. For a nov- elty not before exhibited before this society the same firm received a silver medal for a plant of Paphiopedilum (Cypripedium) Ger- vaet, a hybrid between P. Mandiae and P. Lazvrenceanum. For 172 THE HORTICULiURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK twelve plants, not less than six varieties, Mr. J. A. Manda, West Orange, N. J., was awarded first, and also first for six plants, not less than three varieties. Messrs. Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J., received first for a collection of cypripediums, not less than twelve varieties, covering twenty-five square feet. In the non-commercial classes Mr. Clement Moore, Hacken- sack, N. J., J. P. Mossman, gardener, won first for a collection, not less than twelve species and varieties, covering twenty-five square feet. Air. Moore was also winner of the first prize for six plants, not less than three varieties, Mr. Samuel Untermyer, Yonkers, N. Y., Geo. H. Janes, gardener, winning second. The same parties and with the same result contested in the class for three plants, three varieties. A magnificent display of Laelio- cattleyas, Brasso-cattleyas, Brasso-laelias and hybrid Cattleyas secured for Mr. Moore the first prize. This was one of the most admired exhibits among the orchids. The commercial growers did not enter in the classes for cut orchids. In the non-commer- cial class for cut orchids Mr. Untermeyer was the winner of the first prize, Mr. Moore of the second. After the schedule for the fall show had been issued Mr. Clem- ent Moore offered a special prize for a hybrid Cattleya, Brasso- cattleya or Sophro-cattleya, or crosses between any of these and the Laelias, the prize to be given for the finest variety and not the biggest plant. There were three entries for this prize, the award being made to Mr. A. N. Cooley for a plant of Laclio-cattleya Firmini. This plant also took the sweepstakes prize, a silver medal, for the best orchid plant exhibited. A number of special prizes were awarded for exhibits not pro- vided for in the schedule. One of the most attractive of these, as well as one of the most admired displays in the show, was a group of fifty plants of winter-flowering begonias exhibited by John Scheepers & Co., Inc., of this city. The plants were grown by Rudolf Heidkamp, gardener for Mrs. Pauline Boettger, at Riverdale, N. Y. The Exhibition Committee awarded this ex- hibit a special prize of a gold medal. To Mr. Adolph Lewisohn special prizes were also awarded for three bush chrysanthemum plants : a circular bush of Elia Scoville, a fan-shaped plant with R. F. Felton on one side and Lady Lydia on the other, and a 173 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK pillar of R. F. Felton. These plants formed part of the group of eight to which a gold medal was awarded, as already noted above. The following silver medals, special prizes, were awarded : Duke's Farm, for a display of grapes and melons ; Julius Roehrs Co., for exhibit of begonias, Lorraine type ; Mrs. H. Darlington, Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, display of dahlias; George Giatras, West Hoboken, N. J., for a new Nephrolepis, " King Constantine." Certificates of merit were awarded as fol- lows : Mrs. Wm. Barr, West Orange, N. J., Emil Panuska, gar- dener, for collection of seedling chrysanthemums ; Mr. R. Morti- mer, Tuxedo Park, N. Y., Carl D. Schaefifer, gardener, collection of new Japanese anemone seedlings ; Mr. H. Gaut, Glen Cove, N. Y., six vases single seedling chrysanthemums ; Mr. Albert Crane, Stamford, Conn., Alexander Geddes, gardener, collection of seed- ling single chrysanthemums ; Mr. Chas. H. Totty, display of chrys- anthemums. A cultural certificate was awarded to Mr. Clement Moore for a vase of Eucharis amasonica. To Messrs. Young & Nugent, of this city, was awarded a diploma for a fine basket of made-up work, of artistic design and harmony. Special cash prizes were awarded to these : Mr. Roland R. Conklin, Hunting- ton, N. Y., Wm. H. Sansom, gardener, for six Poinsettias ; Mr. Chas. Mallory, for a standard chrysanthemum plant ; Mrs. F. A. Constable, for a display of Nerine flowers; Mr. Frederick Sturges, for a bunch of violets; Mrs. W. G. Nichols, Rye, N. Y., Geo. N. Sullivan, gardener, for group of bush chrysanthemum plants in eight-inch pots. The Exhibition Committee made special men- tion of the following exhibits : Mrs. J. C. Brady, vase of rose, " Irish Fireflame " ; Mr. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, display of single seedling chrysanthemums. The judges for competitive exhibits were : Thomas Wilson, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. ; William Robertson, Jenkintown, Penna. ; Alec Robertson, Montclair, N. J. ; W. H. Waite, Seabright, N. J. ; William Mackay, Newport, R. I. ; and George Foulsham, Lenox, Mass. The manager was Mr. A. J. Manda. The following members contributed to the fund authorized by the Board of Directors for defraying the prizes and other ex- penses connected with this exhibition: 174 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss Mrs. Robert Ballantine Mr. Geo. D. Barron Mrs. L. P. Bayne Mr. Otto F. Behrend Miss E. Billings Mrs. Robert C. Black Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins Mr. Jno. I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Mrs. J. Hull Browning Mr. C. A. Coffin Mr. Geo. E. Colon Mrs. Wm. Combe Mrs. F. A. Constable Cottage Gardens Co. Mr. James W. Cromwell Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Mrs. H. Darlington Mr. Eugene Delano Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Mrs. George Wm. Douglas Mr. James Douglas Dr. W. H. Draper Mr. H. F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight Mr. Richard Edie, Jr. Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mr. James B. Ford Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mr. George Giatras Mrs. Chas. W. Harkness Mr. Edw. S. Harkness Mr. Alfred Harris Mr. T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. F. Hermann Mrs. F. Delano Hitch Mr. M. D. Howell Mr. Theo. R. Hoyt Mr. H. E. Huntington Mr. J. C. G. Hupfel Mr. Adrian Iselin, Jr. Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Mr. C. Oliver Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Mr. W. E. Iselin Mr. Leon Israel Mr. A. W. Jenkins Miss A. B. Jennings Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. H. F. Kean Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Ken- nedy Mrs. b. S. Lamont Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Mr. Paul Lichtenstein Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald Mr. Chas. Mallory Mrs. James McLean Mr. Clement Moore Mr. Emerson McMillin Mr. A. L. Miller Mr. J. P. Morgan Mr. Wm. L. JMyers Mrs. S. Neustadt Mr. F. R. Newbold Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn Mr. James C. Parrish Miss G. Parsons Dr. Chas. H. Peck Mr. E. S. Pegram Mr. Edmund Pen fold 175 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. S. T. Peters Mr. George T. Powell Mr. Geraldyn Redmond Mr. John J. Riker Mr. Wm. J. Riker Mr. G. Theo. Roberts Mrs. Archibald Rogers Dr. H. H. Rusby Mrs. A. D. Russell Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Mr. John Scheepers Mr, Mortimer L. Schiff Mr. G. B. Schley Mr. James A. Scrymser Mr. Isaac N. Seligman Mr. E. M. Sharpe Mr. Wm. Shillaber Mr. Samuel Sloan Mr. Pierre C. Smith Mr. F. L. Stetson Mr. Frederic W. Stevens Miss Mary O. Stevens Mr. F. K. Sturgis Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Mr. Rush Taggart Mr. E. N. Tailer Mrs. James Talcott Mr. A. F. Troescher Mrs. E. H. Van Ingen Dr. Hy. F. Walker Mrs. W. Seward Webb Mr. Frank S. Witherbee Mr. Charles Zoller PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY August 19, 1916 A meeting of the society was held on Saturday, August 19, 1916, at 3 : 50 P.M., in the lecture hall. Museum building. New York Botanical Garden, the president presiding. There was present a quorum. As the time had arrived for the lecture an- nounced for the day, the meeting was adjourned to the office of the Director of the Garden The minutes of the Annual Meeting, held May 13, 1916, were read and approved. The secretary made the following announcement in regard to the officers elected by the Board of Managers at a meeting held May 20, 1916: President T. A. Havemeyer N. L. Britton Vice-Presidents Patrick O'Mara 176 E. B. Southwick THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Treasurer F. R. Newbold Secretary George V. Nash Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. Harkness Clement Moore Adolph Lewisohn Geo. T. Powell Geo. N. Miller James Wood The secretary also announced that the following committees had been appointed by the chairman of the Board of Directors at a meeting held May 20, 1916: Membership Committee N. L. Britton T. A. Havemeyer F. R. Newbold Finance CommJlttee T. A. Havemeyer F. R. Pierson F. R. Newbold An election was held for a delegate to represent the society on the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences. Nomina- tions were called for and Dr. Britton was nominated. No other nominations were made, and Dr. Britton was unanimously elected delegate. Meeting adjourned at 4:15. George V. Nash, Secretary. 177 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F L ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N L BRITTON J. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT T BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS W CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M C EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS W K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE journal of tfje l^orttculttiral ^octetp of J^eto |9orlt FEBRUARY, Vol. II, No. 12 ^^^l^H 1917 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page Roses and the New Rose Garden ^79 Flower Exhibitions : January Exhibition ^87 February Exhibition ^^^ Proceedings of the Society: January 13, 1917 ^9° February ly/igiy 190 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. JOURX. HORT. Soc. X. Y \'oL. II, Plate 30 r / .;^ f iff ft^Vt^t The Rose Garden. A portion of the enclosure and an entrance; the summer- house or pergola in the distance. 3fournal of tl^e Horticultural ^ocietj? of J^eto ^ork INCORPORATED I902 ROSES AND THE NEW ROSE GARDEN This is the title of a lecture delivered by Mrs. Max Farrand at a meeting of the Society held on Saturday, February 17, at the American Museum of Natural History. At four, the announced time of the lecture, the hall was filled with an interested audience. The speaker was introduced by the president of the society, Mr. T. A. Havemeyer. Mrs. Farrand designed this new rose garden which is to be located in a charming little vale just to the south of the Mansion in the grounds of the New York Botanical Garden at Bronx Park. As announced in this Journal in the issue for August, 191 5, and again in that for May, 1916, the garden is to be developed by cooperation with the New York Botanical Gar- den, that institution to provide the site and to construct and main- tain the garden, the Horticultural Society to provide the rose plants. The lecture was illustrated with numerous lantern slides, de- picting various types of roses, and methods of planting and pruning. Other slides illustrated well-known rose gardens of the Old World, and a number were used to make clear the location of the new rose garden, the general plan of its beds and paths, the enclosing fence, summer-house or pergola, and other interest- ing features. Mrs. Farrand's lecture follows : 179 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ROSES AND THE NEW ROSE GARDEN It gives us a curious sense of historic continuity to think that there is no nation, of which we have any written record, which does not mention the rose, either in legend or literature. In legend are disclosed three characteristics of the rose : doubling, color, and scent. The Indian legend, accounting for the doubling of the rose, tells us that once upon a time Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, chose for her bed the heart of a rose which con- sisted of one hundred and eight large petals and one thousand and eight smaller ones. While another legend says that one day Venus, strolling in the flowery meadows at the dawn of the world, when all roses were white, pricked her foot with a rose thorn and a drop of blood fell upon the white blossom, giving to it its sweet scent as well as its color. History tells us that in the far East, in China, India and Persia the gardens were a riot of roses ; but we do not associate roses with Egypt, where they nevertheless were grown with almost ec^ual enthusiasm. Even in Scandinavia we hear that roses were strewn upon the graves of warriors. In fact, the rose has always been the emblem of youth and beauty. In comparatively modern times we can recall the scene in Henry VI, in the temple garden, where Somerset and Plantagenet pluck the white and red roses which are to be the emblems of the houses of York and Lancaster during the so-called wars of the roses. It is interesting to read what dear old John Parkinson, who wrote soon after Shakespeare's day, tells us in his " Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris," published in 1629, in describing his new rose garden : " The great varietie of Roses is much to be admired, beeing more than is to bee scene in any other shrubby plant that I know, both for colour, forme and smell. I have to furnish this garden thirty sorts at the least, every one notably different from the other, and all fit to be here enter- tained : for there are some other, that being wilde and of no beautie or smell, we forbeare and leave to their wild habitations." The bush-roses which Parkinson describes in his own garden are the same as those we find in the old cottage gardens today : — the cinnamon rose, with its flat deep-red blossom, pale green leaves, and red twigs ; the Scotch rose, with its tiny leaves and small china-like flowers ; the Austrian briar, the Persian yellow and the moss rose; the cabbage rose and the Province rose ; and the Damask rose, which Parkinson describes as being " of the most excellent sweet pleasant sent, far surpassing all other Roses or Flowers, being neyther heady nor too strong, nor stuffing or unpleasant sweet, as many other flowers." From this group of roses are descended our roses of today; but I do not propose to keep you here all night and shall, therefore, not even attempt to tell you which are the parents of given types of roses. This is done deliberately, because while many botanists and rosarians are sure they have solved this complicated question, they all disagree, and the most that an 180 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ordinary amateur can make out of their discussions is that the origin of the rose in question is so complicated by crossing that its first ancestors cannot be definitely determined. It does seem fairly safe, however, to say that the tea type of rose is descended from Rosa indica or chincnsis, of which an illustration of the single flower may be seen in Redoute's great book, which was written just one hundred years ago for the Empress Josephine. A double variety of this same plant is still grown in our gardens under the name Agrippina. Rosa indica odorata and an occasional admixture from the roses of the R. lutca type produce the tea roses. Another class is the hybrid tea, a cross between the hybrid perpetuals and the tea-scented. Viscountess Folkestone is a typical hybrid-tea rose, both in its manner of growth and blooming. Other hybrid-tea roses are : Souvenir du President Carnot (Pernet-Ducher 1895), Killarney (A. Dickson & Sons), White Killarney (F. R. Pierson Co.), and My Maryland (of American origin, J. Cook). Perle des Jardins (Levet 1874) was one of the first of the race of modern yellow teas. The next type of rose is the Noisette, a hybrid between the musk rose and Rosa indica, of which the most usual representative in our garden, and one of the most charming, is our old friend the white bush rose Madame Plantier, and the old greenhouse rose Marechal Niel. Rosa gallica is the parent of the Bourbon type of rose, of which Hermosa and Coupe d'Hebe are representatives. The old cabbage rose is Rosa centifoUa, of which a familiar variety is the moss rose in all its various forms, a variety which has more thorns, an increased fuzziness of the whole plant, and all takes on the familiar appearance so beloved of milliners and valentine- makers. The variegated damask rose, a form of our old friend the York and Lancaster rose, is one of its many charming varieties, ending once and for all the Wars of the Roses by wearing blossoms of two colors on one bush. Here we often see the deep red of the damask rose, then a blossom white, and then a flower striped and flaked with pink and white, so that the whole plant gives in June an impression of gayety and old-fashioned festivity to the garden which no other rose quite equals. The hybrid perpetual or remontant is supposed to number among its parents the damask and the cabbage or hundred-leaved rose; and here come our old friends General Jacqueminot, introduced by Roussel in 1854, and Uldich Brunner, by Levet in 1882. It is only fair to say that the reason why the hybrid perpetual rose is today rather a step-child in the rose garden is because, while in the month of June no rose can compare with it, later in the year its ungainly stalks, devoid of buds, are not to be compared with the hybrid-tea roses. We are now all growing hybrid-teas because they will bloom for us not only in June, though perhaps not quite so luxuriantly as the hybrid perpetuals, but also because they will bloom again from September until frost, if we give them a few weeks rest and extra 181 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK food at midsummer. Small wonder then that Ulrich Brunner, with its screaming purplish cherry color, has been superceded by Killarney and Souvenir du President Carnot. We must now return to our types of bush roses if we ever expect to get into the rose garden. The cinnamon rose is the same today in our New England cottage gardens as it was in Redoute's time a hundred years ago. Another type rose is Rosa multiflora of Redoute's day, and today one of the parents of most of our climbing roses. This crossed with Rosa Wichuraiana has provided us with American Pillar, Jersey Beauty, Gar- denia, and the whole class of such roses of the last twenty years. The last type rose of which I shall speak is Rosa lutea, a parent of the Austrian briar and Harrison's Yellow, and by crossing it with the sweet briar there has been produced the hybrid briar type of Lord Penzance, some of them so charmingly named after the best known of Scott's heroines — Amy Robsart, Anne of Gierstein. Now as we are actually approaching the subject of rose gardens, by "devious paths and wily bounds," perhaps you will forgive me if just for a few moments, we speak of the planting and pruning of roses. There is no black-magic connected with growing roses; they are hardy and patient, but there is no use trying to grow good roses unless they are given good beds in which to grow. The beds must be two and a half feet deep, or deeper, if possible, and should not be placed where the roots of trees or shrubs may take the nourishment away from the rose bushes. The beds should be well-drained, if the ground is really damp, and the successive layers of old sods, with the roots upward, and cow manure mixed with heavy but not clayey loam, make the best mixture for good root action. If possible, it is well to dig and prepare the beds the autumn before the garden is to be planted, so that the soil may settle and be ready for early spring planting. When the plants arrive, let us see that the roots are trimmed so that no jagged stumps are left, and let us plant them fairly deep in the ground, so that the junction of the stock and the graft shall always be one and a half or two inches below the surface of the ground. The proper shortening of the upper branches is also suggested. And here let me say that the usual stock for this neighborhood is Manetti which in many places seems to be more resistant to our climate than the briar stock used so much abroad, although one of our greatest rosarians in this district, Admiral Ward, says he finds the seedling briar is the best stock for hybrid teas. Now that we have studied the different sorts of roses, their planting, pruning and growing, let us consider what was, at any rate at the beginning of the war, the best rose garden in the world. M. Jules Gravereaux, the former administrator of the great Bon Marche shop, bought in 1892 the Chateau of I'Hay less than ten miles from Paris. He was fortunate in having M. Edouard Andre, the best French landscape architect, design his garden. It has become so well known to Parisians, as well as rosarians all 182 o o THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK over the rest of the world, that no one was surprised when in 1910 the little village of I'Hay was officially re-christened L'Hay des Roses. In one of his triangular gardens he had a collection of the French roses which we see in the old illuminations and embroideries. Another walk had a collection of all the roses grown in Malmaison, which was one of the first rose gardens made by the Empress Josephine, under the direction of Redoute and the well-known botanist Ventenat. M. Gravereaux also had the pleasure of reconstructing the Malmaison rose collection made in the early days of the 19th century, consisting of about two hundred and fifty kinds, all the roses known at that period. It was a difficult problem, but after many researches he found he could trace absolutely one hundred and ninety-seven species and varieties, and these he had planted at Malmaison. Another part of M. Gravereaux's garden was given over to a collection of botanical species. A third part had the whole collection of horticultural varieties known at the present day. Another division was Mme. Gravereaux's cutting garden, consisting entirely of plants for her own use; still another division had the new roses which were being tried out. But the crown of the garden was the decorative rosary where the best sorts were grown, whether on standards or in low beds, in whichever way suited them best. M. Gravereaux had also a museum of roses, showing the use of the rose in the decoration of porcelain, pictures of roses, and a herbarium. M. Gravereaux, an indefatigable rosarian, then created and gave to the city of Paris in the year 1901 the rosary of Bagatelle, in the Bois de Boulogne, and he helped to institute the series of annual trials of roses which has made Bagatelle known the world over. Here the rose-growers of Europe and this country send their best roses for a trial of a year or two or three. Experiments are made with them, and none is given a certifi- cate or a name until it has proved itself to be worthy of a place in the Book of the Rose. The plan of Bagatelle is very different from M. Gravereaux's own rosary. There is much more grass and fewer flower beds, since the space is larger and no such great collection of plants was intended for a public garden as M. Gravereaux wanted for his own private amusement. There is no large public rose garden near New York, and so the Hor- ticultural Society of New York and the New York Botanical Garden in cooperation are making one in the recently acquired area which forms the southern part of the Botanical Garden. A valley of irregular shape has been chosen as the site. It will be easily accessible from the east by a new road now being constructed to connect with the parks and districts lying in this direction. From the south a road leads up from Pelham Parkway past the garden, continuing to the Mansion. Paths connecting with the general system of park communications have also been laid out, so that it should be easy to walk around or through the garden from any point in its near neighborhood. As the valley is irregular in shape, no rectangular 183 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK plan could have been made to fit, so that a roughly truncated triangle, perhaps unconsciously inspired by some of M. Gravereaux's rose garden designs, seemed better fitted to the ground than any other shape. On the slopes surrounding the triangle will be grown a collection of wild roses, grouped according to their native countries, which will show the student, as well as the passer-by, the varieties we owe to the different parts of the world. The walks surrounding the garden will be quite different in character. The one to the north follows the slope of the road and allows for the planting of Wichuraiana roses which are well shown trailing over the ground. The walk on the eastern side skirts along a high ridge of rocks, admirably adapted also for growing certain types of roses. The walk on the west lies on a considerably higher level and will give an out- look over the enclosure of the rose garden into the garden itself. An enclosure has been thought necessary, not only as a means of pro- tecting many of the valuable plants from possible pilfering, but also as a means of displaying many of the climbing roses. Some grading has been necessary but now this is practically finished and the garden only awaits its enclosure before it may be planted. An iron trellis has been thought the most practical, not only as being more permanent than wood, but' as giving better ventilation than a stone or concrete wall, which would induce draughts and consequent mildew. Carrying out the lines of the surrounding walks, the walks inside the garden itself converge on a summer house which is to be the central point of the design and which is principally intended to display the tallest grow- ing varieties of climbing roses. This central summer house is to be sur- rounded with posts and chains on the lines of those so successfully used in M. Gravereaux's garden, and between these will be great hanging bouquets of weeping roses. The formal breaking of ground took place last spring on May 4th, and during the summer most of the grading was completed. The members of the Horticultural Society and the Botanical Garden are eager to make a rose garden which is larger than the very successful one at Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn., now one of the points of pilgrimage for all rosarians and all lovers of beauty who are in New York or its neighborhood, and they want the garden to be as perfect as it can be made. You can readily imagine that a bed of twenty or thirty plants of a new rose will be far too tempting to be left unprotected, so that it seems reasonable to safe- guard them as soon as possible by a proper enclosure and gates which may be locked at night. In closing let me quote these words, in rather queer rhythm, from the Flora of John Rea, published at London in 1665 : " Tell me what flow'r kind Nature doth disclose. May be compared to the lovely Rose ; Whose Beauty, Virtue, Scent, and Colours are, 184 4 1 V"^^ ', ;mt^ 10 a o o Ci^ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In Life, in Death, in Bud and Blossom, rare. And if one kind these graces all comprise. What then in thirty choice varieties? Friend, muse no more, nor reckon what else rare, Since all conclude the Rose without compare." At the conclusion Dr. Britton proposed a vote of thanks to Mrs. Farrand for her interesting lecture. This was heartily ap- proved by all present, and a vote of thanks extended to the lec- turer. Dr. Britton, Director-in-Chief of the New York Botan- ical Garden, explained that the site for the rose garden had been prepared and that the grading was completed, except for a small area on which was considerable rock. This rock was being removed by blasting and upon the completion of this operation, which would soon be concluded, the grading would be finished, and the garden ready for the installation of the rose plants. He also announced that Mrs. Robert E. Westcott had contributed the sum necessary for the construction of the stone stairway approach to the garden on the western side. He further remarked that there were other elements of construction for which funds were needed, and expressed the hope that donations would be forth- coming so that the work could go on without interruption. Among the important features, for which funds are necessary, is the fence enclosure to protect the valuable collections from dep- redations ; on this fence climbing roses will be grown. The char- acter of the fence and of the gateways is shown in the accom- panying illustration. Another important element in the construc- tion is the central summer-house or pergola, alsO' shown in an accompanying illustration. From this central feature radiate the paths. Still another is the posts and chains, alluded to by Mrs. Farrand, on which will be grown some of the climbing roses. As stated above, the garden is located in a delightful little valley but a short distance to the south of the Mansion. It is triangular in design, its length running north and south, the sides unequal and the angles truncate. As will be seen by the accom- panying illustration of the general plan, there is a series of con- centric circles of beds and paths in the center. From the inmost of these radiate ten paths, these forming as many vistas upon the summer-house. Other shorter walks break away from the outer 185 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK circle. Along the paths are beds separated by grass walks. The smaller radiating paths are also of grass, the larger ones of other construction. There are one hundred and thirty-eight beds called for in the general plan, varying much in size and shape. The total area of the garden is about one and a half acres, of which about two thirds is taken up by paths and walks, leaving about a half acre of planting space. To plant this will require between six thousand and seven thousand rose plants, of which number about four thousand five hundred have been donated by nurseries. It is planned to make this garden as comprehensive as possible. In some parts the roses will be planted in large masses, so that the color effect and value of such treatment may be demonstrated, while a large area will be devoted to the trying of a large number of kinds of roses, thus demonstrating their adaptability to this vicinity or their failure under the conditions here. In the col- lections will be all the types of roses : hybrid perpetual or re- montant, hybrid tea, tea, Austrian brier, Bourbon, China or Bengal, Damask or Provence, hybrid China, hybrid Noisette, hybrid rugosa or Ramanas, hybrid sweet brier, moss, Pernetiana, polyantha, and Scotch. Each kind of rose will be plainly labeled, the label giving in- formation as to the type of rose, its name, and, in the case of those donated, the name and address of the donor. This com- pleteness of labeling will make the collections of great value to the public. As stated by Mrs. Farrand in her lecture, it is the aim of the two organizations to make this rose garden as perfect and as ac- cessible as possible to the public, a place where roses may not only be seen displayed in large color masses, but also a place where many different kinds of roses, all plainly labeled, may be examined and compared, so that each may choose the rose or roses individually preferred. 1 86 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FLOWER EXHIBITIONS The monthly exhibitions of plants and flowers were held at the American Museum of Natural History in January and February, on Saturday and Sunday. It was decided to hold these for two days instead of one, as heretofore. The innovation proved very successful, large numbers of visitors attending on Sunday. Held on an afternoon only, the public hardly became aware that a show was in progress before the hour of closing arrived. With the permission of the authorities of the Museum, the exhibitions were held in the foyer, instead of in the west assembly room as previ- ously, the new location offering much better facilities for display. At the exhibition of February the new tables were used for the first time, adding much to the appearance of the exhibits. These tables, which are painted a dull green, are about eight feet long and twenty-two inches wide, and of two heights, eighteen and thirty inches. They may be readily taken down, the top simply lying upon the framework, thus being easily removable, the framework itself coming apart in the manner of an ordinary bed- stead. Being of uniform length and width they form units which may be variously combined. For the larger exhibits a combina- tion of a low and a high one furnishes facilities for an effective display. January Exhibition At this exhibition, held on the thirteenth and fourteenth, premiums were offered for cut blooms of orchids, carnations, sweet peas, Schizanthus, Buddleia asiatica, and snapdragons, and for primula and begonia plants. The judges were Anton Bauer and George Mas son. In the carnation classes, open to all, Mr. J. C. Brady, Gladstone, N. J., J. G. Walker, gardener, took first for a vase of fifty blooms, the Floral Hill Garden, Chatham, N. J., second. In the carna- tion classes for non-commercial growers, Mr. Brady took first for a vase of twelve white, Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, second. For a vase of twelve Enchan- tress shade Mrs. J. H. Flagler, Greenwich, Ct., Wm. Whitton. gardener, received first. First prizes were also awarded to her 187 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK for vases of twelve each of Winsor shade, and scarlet. Mr. Brady won first for a vase of twelve crimson, and also for a vase of twelve variegated. Mrs. Constable won first for twelve Mrs. C. W. Ward shade. Mrs. Flagler secured first for a vase of fifty carnations, arranged for efifect, Mr. Brady second. In the sweet pea classes, open to all, Mr. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, was awarded first for a vase of one hundred sprays. In the non-commercial classes, Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen, Elberon, N. J., George Masson, gar- dener, won first for a vase of one hundred sprays. A fine vase of Buddleia asiatica gave to Mrs. Constable the first prize, the second going to Mrs. H. Darlington, Manaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener. In the plant classes, which were open to all, Mrs. Flagler was awarded first for six primulas. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. Flagler, for vase of violet La France, cash, for vase of Double White Killar- ney rose, cultural certificate; Mrs. H. I. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. City, A. J. Manda, gardener, for plant of Cypripedium, cash ; Mrs. Constable, for vase of Calanthe Veitchu, cash, for vase of Erlangea tomentosa, certificate of merit; Mr. Brady, for display of carnations, Buddleia, lilies, and callas, cash ; Mrs. Darlington, for display of narcissus, cash. February Exhibition. This was held on the seventeenth and eighteenth. Premiums were offered for cut blooms of orchids, roses, sweet peas, mig- nonette, snapdragons, narcissus, freesias, single early tulips, Dar- win tulips, and for a collection of flowering shrubs and trees. Premiums were also offered for plants of Schisanthus, cyclamen, amaryllis, lilies, Primula malachoides, Primula obconica, cine- rarias, and Nephrolepis. The judges were John F. Johnston, J. A. Manda, and Robt. T. Brown. The classes for orchids were open to all. A large collection of cut blooms won for Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J., the first prize, the second going to Mr. Clement Moore, Hackensack, N. J., J. P. Mossman, gardener. For a smaller collection, the first 1 88 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK prize was won by Mrs. H. I. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. City, A. J. Manda, gardener. There were rose classes for both non-commercial and commer- cial growers. Among the prize winners in the non-com- mercial classes was Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas Stuart, gardener, who won first for a vase of twenty-five pink roses, and also for a vase of twenty-five red roses. A vase of twenty-five blooms, any other color, brought the first prize to Mrs. Payne Whitney, Manhasset, N. Y., George Ferguson, gar- dener. The F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., won first prizes, in the commercial classes, for vases of fifty roses each of pink, red, and any other color. The following were prize winners in the non-commercial classes. Mr. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, was awarded first prize for a vase of one hundred sprays of sweet peas, Mrs. Whitney, second. A fine vase of mignonette brought the first prize to Mrs. J. H. Flagler, Green- wich, Ct., Wm. Whitton, gardener, Mrs. Constable winning the second. Mrs. Flagler was also winner of the first prize for snap- dragons. For three vases of narcissus Mrs. Whitney obtained first. For an interesting collection of hybrid freesias Mrs. A. M. Booth, Great Neck, N. Y., E. Fardel, gardener, was awarded first, while a fine vase of white freesias gave the first prize to Mrs. Whitney, the second to Mr. F. O. Wheeler, Rye, N. Y., John F. Orr, gardener. Mrs. Whitney and Mrs. H. Darlington, Mamaro- neck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, were winners of prizes in the classes of single early tulips, the former winning first, the latter second. For Darwin tulips Mrs. Darlington secured first, Mrs. Flagler second. A collection of flowering shrubs and trees se- cured first prize for Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J. • The following were prize winners in the plant classes for non- commercial growers. Mrs. Constable was awarded first for six cyclamen plants, and also first for six amaryllis. In the class for six plants of Primula malachoides, Mrs. Flagler won first, and also for six plants of Primula ohconica, Mrs. Whitney securing second for the latter. Six cinerarias gave Mrs. Flagler first prize. The only class of plants for commercial growers was for 189 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Nephrolepis, and here the first prize was won by the F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., for a collection of twelve fine plants. The following special prizes were awarded : F. O. Wheeler, for a plant of furze, cash; Mrs. Constable, for display of Clivia and Gerbera hybrids, cash ; Mrs. Pratt, for a plant of Cypri- peditim, cash ; Mrs. Flagler, for vases of Primula kezvensis and display of pansies, cash ; A. L. Miller, for display of flowering and foliage plants, cash ; Cottage Gardens Co., vase of carnation Cottage Maid, cash ; Mrs. Darlington, for vase of Erlangea tomentosa and display of bulbs, cash ; F. R. Pierson Co., for vase of new rose Rosalind, high commendation ; Mrs. Whitney, for display of bulbs lily-of-the-valley, bleeding heart, and Primula malachoides, cash. This was one of the finest monthly exhibitions ever held by the society. Part of its success was due to the new tables, already re- ferred to, upon which the exhibits were displayed. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. January 13, 191 7 A meeting of the society was held at 4 P. M. on this date in the West Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural His- tory. No business was transacted. The room was filled with an audience which listened to a talk by Mr. John Scheepers on " Darwin and Other Tulips." The lecture was illustrated with a series of fine colored lantern slides. George V. Nash, Secretary. February 17, 191 7 A meeting of the society was held at 4 P. M. on this date in the West Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural History. No business was transacted. The lecture announced for the day, "Roses and the New Rose Garden at the New York Botanical Garden," was delivered by Mrs. Max Farrand, and listened to by an interested and large audience which filled the room. An account of this lecture appears above. George V. Nash, Secretary. 190 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N. L. BRITTON J. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M. C EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ourttaI of tf>e ilortttultural Society of #eto J9orfe MAY, Vol.11, No. 13 ^mmS^ jgj7 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The Rose Garden, with two illustrations igi The International Flower Show, with two illustrations 193 The May Exhibition 197 The Gladiolus Exhibition 198 Proceedings of the Society: May 12, 1917, Annual Meeting.. 199 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THK NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of jBleto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vnl n Nn n 'ss"ed /V\AY 1Q17 Free to Members VUl. 11, i^U. 1 J Quarterly iTlrtl, I ZJ I I By subscription $1.00 per year THE ROSE GARDEN From time to time progress has been noted in this Journal of the new rose garden, which is being developed in coopera- tion with the New York Botanical Garden. Since the last report much has been accomplished. As has been stated before, it is the part of the Horticultural Society, in its agreement with the Botanical Garden, to furnish the rose plants. Nearly five thou- sand rose bushes have been secured thus far by donations from Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins, of Rutherford, N. J., the F. R. Pier- son Co., of Tarrytown, N. Y., A. N. Pierson, Inc., of Cromwell, Ct., and Henry A. Dreer, of Philadelphia, Penn. These plants have now^ been received, and have been planted by the New York Botanical Garden. The great majority of these are of course hybrid tea roses, with a smaller number of teas, and many hybrid perpetuals are also included in the collection. Other types rep- resented are : Pernetiana, hybrid sweet brier, China, Bourbon, dwarf polyantha, moss, and Japan or rugosa. All told there are now about 350 kinds represented in the collection. By reference to plate 31, an illustration of the general plan of the rose garden, of the issue of this Journal for February of this year, the following description of the planting of this garden may be better understood. It will be noted that there is in the central part of the garden a series of concentric circles of beds. The beds in the first circle are planted with dwarf polyanthas. The second circle is at present undeveloped, but it is planned to 191 JD THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK place here posts and chains, upon which rambler roses will be grown, with standard roses of the fountain type in the, alternate beds. The third circle of beds is devoted to mass planting of hybrid tea roses, that is each bed is filled with one kind of rose, so that the effect of a large mass of one color may be appreciated. The long beds located between the marginal walks and the boundaries of the garden are planted with a double row of hybrid perpetual roses in the front, while in the rear are placed roses of a taller type, such as hybrid sweet briers and Japan or rugosa. The remaining beds, at present developed, are devoted to hybrid teas, teas, and Pernetiana. The beds of this interior portion now completed are those along the marginal walks, and the double series of transversely placed beds located on each side of the main walks which proceed from the center to the three entrances of the garden. The remainder of the beds indicated in the plan are at present undeveloped. It has been the aim to make the planting of this garden as varied as possible. Many beds are devoted to but one kind of rose, such beds containing from thirty up to as many as eighty- four plants. Other beds, containing about thirty plants, have two, three or four kinds. Some of the larger beds of the in- terior of the garden along the marginal walks contain several hundred roses, representing many kinds, ranging from four to a dozen or sixteen of each. This varied planting will produce many combinations, so that rose-planting in its many aspects may be demonstrated. The educational side of the garden is to be emphasized, and so the labeling of the roses will be an important element. Each kind of rose will be furnished with a label which will give in- formation as to the type of rose, its horticultural name, and the donor's name, when the rose is donated. The stone steps given by J\Irs. Robert E. Westcott, an an- nouncement of which gift has already been made, are now com- pleted, and are shown in the accompanying illustration. These add greatly to the surroundings of the garden. If you would realize what this garden will be when completed, take your stand at the top of these steps and look out over the rose garden spread 192 '^^¥WW^!f THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK out before yon. At present the main walks have been outHned by sod borders, making quite plain the general plan. The area not occupied by these main walks and the beds has been sown with grass, which will soon add greatly to its appearance. But this is the garden as you see it now. Picture it as it will appear when some good friend has supplied the funds necessary to con- struct the enclosure. This, as planned, is to be an open-work iron fence, something over nine hundred feet long, completely enclosing the garden, with three arched entrances. Upon this fence and the entrance arches will be trained the rambler roses in many kinds, a large collection having been already donated and ready as soon as the fence is constructed. Upon the sum- mer house, which is to occupy the center of the garden and from which radiate many of the walks, ramblers are to be grown also. This summer house, as well as the posts and chains to which al- lusion has already been made, await funds for their construc- tion. When these important features are provided the garden can take on its final appearance, and stand before the public as one of the largest rose gardens in this country. May this happy result be not long delayed. THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The Fourth International Flower Show, given by The Horti- cultural Society of New York in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club, was held in the Grand Central Palace, March 15 to 22. The American Red Cross, as in the two previous years, added to the attractiveness and success of the show^ by the Tea Garden conducted by the organization on a larger scale than ever before. The exhibition was artistically and financially a success, the arrangements of the exhibits under the direction of ~Slr. Ar- thur Herrington. The general arrangement of the exhibition was similar to that of the previous year. At the head of the stairway on each side was a group of flowering plants and bulbs, as was the case the previous year. The rose gardens also occupied the same location ^93 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK as before. It was these rose gardens and floral groups that were the most talked-about features of the show. The two groups of flowering plants and bulbs, covering 300 square feet each, at the head of the stairway, were most effec- tive. That to the left was exhibited by Mrs. H. Darlington, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, and was awarded the first prize, offered by members of The Horticultural Society of New York. It was a charming effect, varied in contour and strong in character, with decided masses of light and shade; and added to this was the tinkling of running water, a little brook, illumined with a greenish light, finding its way through the rocks ; and a book, carelessly thrown on a nearby stone, conveyed the sentiment of a quiet nook for thought and reflection. On the opposite side was the display of Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, of Ards- ley, N. Y., John Canning, superintendent. This was quite in contrast to that of Mrs. Darlington, being lighter and more airy in effect, recalling, in some respects, his exhibit of last year. That men differ widely in their ideas of the artistic was evidenced here, for the judges of the International Garden Club awarded to this exhibit their special prize of a silver cup, offered for the best exhibit in the show. In this same class Mr. W. B. Thomp- son, of Yonkers, N. Y., R. M. Johnston, gardener, won second prize, and Mr. A. E. Lewis, third. The surprises in judging seemed confined to this class, for another divergence as to ar- tistic merits was expressed in regard to the exhibit of Mrs. A. M. Booth, of Great Neck, N. Y., E. Fardel, gardener. This group was selected by the judges of the Garden Club of America as the most artistically arranged exhibit in the show, and it was awarded by them the grand sweepstakes prize of that organization, a special silver cup presented by its president, Mrs. D. Willis Mar- tin. It was indeed a charming composition, its prominent note being struck by the masses of yellow azaleas. All the displays in this class, six in all, were of great merit, and the sum total of merits of each so close that a divergence of opinion, as ex- pressed by different groups of judges, was to be expected. Down the center aisle at about midway of the hall were the two rose gardens, one on each side. Each recalled in general 194 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK arrangement that shown by the same exhibitor the previous year. That to the left, the winner of the first prize, ofifered by mem- bers of The Horticultural Society of New York, was exhibited by the F. R. Pierson Co., also winner of the first prize in 1916; it was airy and delicate in conception. That to the right, the ex- hibit of A. N. Pierson, Inc., the second prize winner, was stronger in its lines and made on a more robust form. Both were excellent in their difTerent ways, were much admired, and were the talk of the show. Another of the features, much in the public appreciation, was the bulb garden exhibited by John Scheepers & Co., Inc., winner of the first prize, offered by members of The Horticultural So- ciety of New York. This garden, enclosed in a white picket fence, had a circular fountain in the center. Four corner beds, planted with rose and white hyacinths, were separated from this by a circular path; these four beds in turn were separated from the marginal beds by rectilinear paths; The border bed, broken on one side by the garden entrance, and on the opposite side by an arch, a shelter to the stone bench beneath, was filled with tulips, hyacinths, and narcissus, the colors artistically blended. Groups of red tulips, flanked with masses of white, in diagonally opposite corners, added to the efifectiveness. The paths were outlined with dwarf boxwood, and a few pyramidal and globular boxwoods in the border bed gave added character. There were three table decoration displays, to the general pub- lic always an attractive exhibit. The first of these was on Fri- day, the i6th, and was for sweet peas, restricted to private gar- deners. The winner of the first prize was Mrs. Clias. Bradley, of the second Mr. W. B. Thompson, and of the third Mr. D. G. Reid. On ]Monday, the 19th, was the competition in table dec- orations for hotels. The first prize was won by the Vanderbilt Hotel. The final display of table decorations was for private gardeners only, sweet peas debarred, and was held on Wednes- day, the 2 1 St. There w^ere seven in this competition. Mrs. H. Darlington, P. W. Popp, gardener, secured the first prize, offered by members of The Horticultural Society of New York. It was a unique design in which the colors were gold, yellow, orange, 195 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK and orange-red, with a touch of white; an earthenware center- piece, filled with water, completed the design. Airs. Nathan Strauss, Thos. Aitchison, gardener, was awarded the second prize, and Air. W. B. Thompson, R. M. Johnston, gardener, the third. Another striking exhibit, not for competition, was displayed by Mr. ]. R. De Lamar, inclmiing, among other fine things, three superb plants of Acacia pubesccns. A gold medal was awarded this display. The rock gardens again formed attractive features. Here A. N. Pierson, Inc., was successful in winning first prize, ofifered by members of The Horticultural Society of New York, and Bob- bink & Atkins the second. The orchids were better displayed this year than last, occupy- ing a more conspicuous location, their due as an important part of the exhibition. The display was superb, with many choice plants. A table of cut orchids, arranged for effect, decorative greens permitted, table 4 feet in diameter, secured the first prize in this class for Mr. D. G. Reid. The prize was offered by members of The Horticultural Society of New York. Another large exhibit was a group of cacti and other succu- lents, exhibited by the Department of Parks, Borough of Brook- lyn. The Department of Parks, Borough of Manhattan, was also represented by a large group of flowering and foliage plants, among which were many fine specimens. This was awarded a gold medal. The large carnation display was held on the opening day, Thursday. On the following day came the general display of sweet peas. On Saturday was the rose display. Two large groups were put up by commercial growers, that shown by the F. R. Pierson Co. securing the first prize, that of A. N. Pierson, Inc., second. A large bulb display attracted much attention. Tulips, nar- cissus, and hyacinths made the place gay with color. Then there were forced lilies and lily-of-the-valley. Groups of azaleas and rhododendrons made vivid masses of color on the main floor. Cinerarias, amaryllis, primulas, cyclamens, vases of mignonette and snapdragons, stocks, pansies, violets, Schizanthus, and other 196 a 'jZ ^ "2 ^ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV OF NEW YORK flowers added the color masses so essential in an exhibition of this kind. The F. R. Pierson Co. made their usual display of ferns, a collection of fine specimens derived from the old Nephro- icpis cxaltata. One thing, however, was lacking, and its want was much felt. This was the scarcity of tall palms to add touches of green, and to carry the lines of the display upward, relieving the monotony of the flatness. The Horticultural Society of New York and the New York Botanical Garden had a joint booth in one corner on the main floor. The walls of this were formed of red cedar trees, the roof a canopy of Smila.v laiirifolia. The furniture, including tables, chairs and settees, was loaned by the Wanamaker Store. The New York Botanical Garden exhibited a collection of native wild flowers which had been forced in the greenhouse. These were displayed mainly on tables in the booth, attracting much atten- tion. Among these were Jack-in-the-pulpit, moss pink, bird's- foot violet, Britton's moss pink, Virginia cowslip, marsh mari- gold, columbine, arbutus, hepatica, meadow lily, Philadelphia lily, spice-bush, Carolina rhododendron, and the red-fruited chokeberry. The date selected for the Spring Show of next year is March 14 to 21. THE MAY EXHIBITION An exhibition was held in the ]\Iuseum Building, New York Botanical Garden, in cooperation with that institution, on Satur- day and Sunday, May 12 and 13. In the cut flower classes, open to all, premiums were ofifered for herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees, tulips, narcissus, and orchids, and in the non-commercial classes for tulips, narcissus, orchids, sweet peas, and snapdragons. Prizes were also ofifered for plants of pelargonium and calceo- laria. It was a most attractive show and well attended. In the open-to-all classes for cut flowers, Mr. G. D. Barron, Rye, N. Y., Jas. Linane, gardener, won first for a collection of shrubs and trees. A collection of tulips brought the first prize 197 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK to Mrs. H. Darlington, Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gar- dener, Mrs. Darlington also winning first prize for a collection of narcissus. For a collection of orchid flowers Mrs. H. T. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. City, A. J. Manda, gardener, was awarded first. In the non-commercial classes for cut flowers, Mr. Barron was awarded first for narcissus. A collection of orchid blooms gave the first prize to Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener. Mr. Barron also won first prize for a vase of snapdragons. In the classes for plants Mr. Barron received first for six pelargoniums. Mrs. Constable was awarded first for six calceo- larias, Mr. Barron second. The following special prizes were awarded : John Scheepers & Co., Inc., for a collection of flowers of fancy varieties of nar- cissus, silver medal ; L. C. Tiffany, Oyster Bay, N. Y., John Miller, gardener, for six plants of chrysanthemums, cash, for twelve fine plants of Schizanthus, cash ; Lager & Hurrell, for a collection of cut orchid flowers, cash ; Mrs. Constable, for a vase of Doronicum cancas'icum, cash. The New York Botanical Garden also made exhibits, not for competition, of collections of flowers of herbaceous plants and of shrubs and trees. The judges in the competitive classes were: John E. Lager, I. S. Hendrickson, and J. A. Manda. THE GLADIOLUS EXHIBITION The American Gladiolus Society, upon invitation of the Horti- cultural Society, will hold its exhibition and convention this year from Thursday, August 23, to Sunday, the 26th, in the Museum building. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City, the Botanical Garden and the Horticultural Society coop- erating. A large premium-list has been prepared, to which the Horticultural Society of New York, the New York Botanical Garden, and the New York Florists' Club have each contributed $200. 198 THR HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul- turists will hold their convention in New York City August 21 to 24. the last day of that convention therefore coming on the firsv day of the gladiolus show. For a number of years past a garden, known as the Convention Garden, has been one of the features of the convention, and this year the authorities of the New York Botanical Garden gave permission for the establishment of this garden in the grounds of the Garden. A delightful location was selected but a short distance from the ^luseum building, in which the gladiolus exhibition will be held. A considerable portion of this garden is already planted, and it is hoped that more will be completed shortly. As the gladiolus show occurs at approxi- mately the same time as the convention, it was decided to givt the gladiolus a prominent place in the Convention Garden. Tht display of this popular flower in this garden and at the exhibi- tion, which promises to be a large one, in the Museum building, should attract all lovers of flowers, and especially devotees of the gladiolus. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY May 12, 19 1 7 The annual meeting of the Society was held on Saturday, May 12, 1917, 3:40 P.M.. in the lecture hall. Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, the president in the chair. There was present ?. ouorum. The minutes of the meeting of August 19, 1916, were read and approved. The terms of the seven directors elected on June 5, 191 5, for two years having expired, nominations were called for for their successors to be elected for a term of three years. Those whose terms had expired were nominated to succeed themselves ; they were : Julius Roehrs, Robt. T. Brown, J. A. Manda, • I. S. Hendrickson, James Stuart. John E. Lager. John Canning. • 199 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK There were no other nominations, and by unanimous consent the secretary was authorized to cast an affirmative ballot for the election of the above seven persons to serve as directors for a term of three years. This was done and they were declared elected directors. Nominations to serve as delegate to the council of the New York Academy of Sciences were called for. Dr. Britton was nominated to succeed himself. There were no other nominations. He was unanimously elected delegate to represent the society on the council of the New York Academy of Sciences. Meeting adjourned at 3:55. George V. Nash, Secretarv. 200 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F, R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL ' F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ournaI of t^e Horticultural feodetpof JBteto JSorfe Vol. II, No. 14 ^^^m^M AUGUST, 1917 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GBORQB V. NASH CONTENTS Pkce aoi ObaerrationB on Tulipa, with two plates, by Dr. ▲. B. Stoat X. Blind Tulips a. ReUtionof Weight of Bulb to Blooming ..!!!... 304 Fall Exhibition Gladiolus Exhibition ao7 307 Seventeenth Annual Report of the Board of Directors, presented May 12, 19x7... 208 Treasurer's Statement, forthe yearendingMay xa, 19x7 a,o Membership, for the year ending May xa, 19x7 2x1 Philippe de Vilmorin • „, PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THB NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY I.ANCASTER, PA, 3(ournal of ti^e Horttmllural ^ocietj of jBteto ©orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol II No 14 'ssued AIirillST IQ17 Free to members VUl. 11, nu. it Quarterly /lUUUJl, I Z) I I By subscription $1.00 per year OBSERVATIONS ON TULIPS I. Blind Tulips The term " blind " is quite generally and popularly applied to tulip plants that do not produce flowers but which have been grown from bulbs of such size that flowers would be expected. In such plants there is at least some development of the flower stalk and the leaves formed are attached directly to this stalk. In this sense blind tulips are quite distinct from plants having a scale leaf only, as is most common of plants grown from bulbs of small size. This distinction is well illustrated in Nos. 3 and 4 of Plate 38. The plant shown in No. 3 had a flower stalk bearing three leaves, but the uppermost portion of the stem with the flower bud failed to develop and is represented by a withered dead stub. The tulip w^as blind. In No. 4 no flower stem developed and the leaf formed was an extension of a bulb scale ; growing points of the flower stems had remained in a rudimentary condition and were still enclosed in the bulb. ■ Three stages or degrees of blindness are illustrated in Plate 37. In No. I four stem leaves were formed and only the part of the flower stalk above the leaves was aborted. In No. 2 only two stem leaves were formed ; the dead portion here included some of the leaves. In No. 3 all the leaves but the lowest were in- cluded in the dead portion. In all three plants the lower part of the stem was present and in all three the shrivelled dead apex was in evidence as shown. The occurrence of such blind tulips is 201 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK not infrequent, and when blind tulips are present in noticeable numbers in display beds the results are decidedly disappointing. During the past two years blind tulips have been numerous in the plantings grown at the New York Botanical Garden. This has afforded opportunity for observations of the occurrence of blind tulips among various varieties and of some of the conditions under which they developed. Experiments conducted to ascer- tain what the subsequent performance of blind plants may be have given some very definite results. In the autumn of 1914 a special planting of large numbers of tulips was made at the New York Botanical Garden in the con- servatory court of range i as described by Nash.* The varieties Cottage Maid, La Reine, Rose Grisdelin, Crim- son King, Chrysolora and Grand Due were represented in the plantings, involving a total of about 20,000 bulbs. Practically every bulb produced a plant with a bloom all combining to give color effects of unusual beauty which attracted considerable attention. At the close of the period of vegetative growth of the leaves, the bulbs were dug, spread out on the floor of a basement until " dry," then sorted according to size, placed in bags and kept in a cool dry semi-dark basement until the planting in the following autumn. All varieties were treated in the same manner. The largest of these bulbs were selected for planting in the following autumn and usually these supplied about half the number origi- nally planted. To complete the plantings new bulbs were pur- chased. Some changes in the color scheme were made which necessitated the purchase of bulbs of other varieties. No bulbs of Cottage Maid were planted in the conservatory court in 191 5, but a larger number of Rose Grisdelin were planted. In the following spring (1916) large numbers of the varieties Cottage Maid and Rose Grisdelin came blind, but no other varie- ties were blind. In the majority of cases the full complement of leaves were formed quite as shown in No. i of Plate 37. As this was the first experience at the Garden with the occurrence of considerable numbers of blind tulips, it was deemed desirable * George V. Nash. Display of tulips. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 15 : 89-90. April, 1915. 202 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK to make special study of the subsequent performance of these particular blind bulbs. For purposes of special study 35 bulbs of each of the two varieties were carefully dug from the ground. Each plant was taken separately, the old dead outer scales were removed, and the sister bulbs which could be readily separated were individually weighed, graded according to size and num- bered. In the autumn all were planted in beds in the experi- mental plots. All other bulbs of these varieties were treated in the manner of the previous year and the largest bulbs were re- planted in display beds. The relative performance of these two lots of bulbs in the fol- lowing spring (1917) is of special interest. Of the 35 "first" or largest bulbs of Rose Grisdelin planted in the experimental plots, 34 produced large flowers and one died ; of the 35 first bulbs of Cottage Maid, 28 produced fine blooms, 2 were blind, i pro- duced a scale leaf only, and 4 died. The performance of these bulbs from plants blind in the previous year was excellent. In contrast to this, however, scarcely a flower was produced by the other bulbs of these blind stocks which were planted in the dis- play beds. Furthermore, in 1917, blind tulips appeared among several va- rieties that had bloomed fully in 191 6. Chrysolora, of largest selected bulbs of stock blooming perfectly in 1915 and 1916, came almost completely blind. In one bed of 500 plants about 50 per cent, were blind, but the plants that bloomed produced excellent flowers. In the conservatory court, in two beds having a total of 1,100 bulbs, only one bulb produced a flower. The blindness was for the most part of an extreme type. In nearly all cases but one leaf developed, as shown in No. 3 of Plate 37. Occasionally two leaves were formed as is shown in No. 2. Of the variety Crimson King about two thirds of 700 bulbs were blind, but in these all the leaves developed. Of the variety La Triumphante, of some 2,000 plants from selected bulbs only 10 bloomed. Although blind plants were very numerous in those varieties other varieties which had been handled in quite the same manner bloomed excel- lently. La Reine and Grand Due especially gave excellent and almost perfect records. 203 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The observations made indicate clearly that it is difficult to attribute blindness of tulips to any one cause. The experiments with Rose Grisdelin and Cottage Maid prove that blind tulips may bloom excellently in the following year : they are hence not necessarily " run down " or " run out " bulbs. In fact all the blind tulips noted above were grown from large selected bulbs that could not be considered " run out." The possibility of fungous infection as a condition involved in blindness has been considered. Various saprophytic fungi may be found on the dead remnants of flowers and stems and on the dead outer scales, of bulbs. These evidently are not directly in- jurious to the plants. Examination of a large number of blind tulips in 19 16 failed to reveal any traces of truly parasitic fungi. In 191 7, however, a sclerotium- forming fungus was found, which is clearly parasitic, at least in the outer scales. Its action and the masses or crusts of sclerotia (compact, rounded or bead-like masses of tissue of the fungus) are shown in No. i of Plate 37. It appears that this fungus has not been previously reported in America, but that it has been known to be destructive of bulbs in Europe. The marked difference in performance of the two lots of bulbs of Rose Grisdelin and Cottage Maid — those used in special experiment and those planted in display beds — suggests that some aspect of treatment such as drying out, storage, planting, etc., may influence stages of growth and thus be concerned with the development of blindness. But different varieties have per- formed differently under quite identical conditions of treatment and climate. Undoubtedly the critical stages in the development, maturity and rest period of tulips are not only much influenced by treatment, but are somewhat different for various varieties. 2. Relation of Weight of Bulb to Blooming If a single large bulb of the tulip be planted in the autumn and allowed to bloom in the following spring, and then dug up and examined, it will be seen that the basal portion of the plant, with rare exceptions, readily separates into from two to five or more bulbs. These bulbs, which may be called sister bulbs, are of 204 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK different sizes ; one is usi;ally of large size, and the others grade to bulbs of the size of a kernel of popcorn. The experiment mentioned above in connection with the dis- cussion of blind tulips was also planned to determine the per- formance of sister bulbs of different sizes and especially those of the smaller sizes. The weights of the various sister bulbs (each set graded according to weight) and the subsequent performance of these bulbs for the two varieties tested are indicated in the following table : Rose Grisdelin: Weight in grams Number of bulbs " blooming .... blind with scale leaf dead Cottage Maid: Weight Number of bulbs " blooming .... blind " with scale leaf " dead 19-40 35 34 11—29 35 28 2d Bulb 3d Bulb 3-13 35 28 o 3 4 -13 29 33 12 6 7 I- 4 13 o o 9 4 4th Bulb 0.5-4.0 0.5- 5th Bulb 0.5-3.0 6 0.5-1.0 It will be noted from the weights given that bulbs of Rose Gris- delin made a more vigorous growth than did those of Cottage Maid. This is indicated by the greater weight of first bulbs, the greater number of sister bulbs, and, of course, the greater total weight. The performance of bulbs of smaller sizes of Rose Grisdelin is of special interest. Of the 35 second bulbs, the largest of which weighed only 13 grams, 28 bloomed; of 33 bulbs of third rank, weighing from i to 10 grams, 12 bloomed; of the 18 of third rank 3 bloomed, and out of 6 of fifth rank 2 bloomed. Bulbs weighing as little as 2.^ grams (a gram equals 0.0^5 ounce) produced fiozvers. Flowers from bulbs of smallest sizes were small and often poorly developed. The flowers of bulbs of sec- ond rank were nearly always fine flowers, but were somewhat smaller than flowers of first bulbs, the stems were slightly shorter 205 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK and more slender and the leaves were somewhat smaller. The difference in the growth of first and second bulbs is well shown in Nos. I and 2 of Plate 38. Occasionally the first bulbs produced two flowers, as is shown in No. I ; this was due to the blooming of a small bulb, which at the time of planting was situated within the outer scales of the first bulb. Such flowers were always of small size. The four plants shown in Plate 38 were grown from sister bulbs weighing 29.5, 5.45, 2.75, and 1.7 grams. This series was photo- graphed to illustrate the principal types of growth observed. Nos. I and 2 show the relative size and vigor of the growth from first and second bulbs. No. 3 shows a blind tulip and No. 4 shows the development of a scale leaf only. The blooming of bulbs of Cottage Maid was less pronounced than in Rose Grisdelin. Fewer second bulbs bloomed and no bulbs of smaller size bloomed. As would perhaps be expected, the greater proportion of bulbs that died or that developed a scale leaf only was among bulbs of smaller sizes. The total number of blind bulbs was low — 6 of Rose Grisdelin among third bulbs and 2 of Cottage Maid among first bulbs. It may be said that in planting for special display one would scarcely ever select any bulbs of the size of the second bulbs used in the experiment. Probably no bulbs of smaller size than the first bulbs would be sold for planting by any commercial dealer. The practical methods of increasing stock depends on the vege- tative multiplication of bulbs giving sister bulbs of various sizes and the subsequent growth of the smaller of these bulbs without their blooming or splitting up into smaller bulbs until bulbs of large size are formed. It would seem that the blooming of bulbs of smaller size is undesirable in that it may retard the develop- ment of bulbs of second rank to the size of first rank. On ac- count of the smaller size of the flowers produced and the some- what greater uncertainty that flowers will be produced, it is scarcely practicable to select any but largest or first bulbs for planting. It is planned to determine the further performance of the bulbs of second and lower ranks which produced flowers in the experiment. A. B. Stout 206 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition will be held at the American Museum of Natural History, November 8 to ii. The exhibition will be open on the evening of the first day, Thursday, from 7 to 10. especially for the members of the Society, the Museum, and affiliated organizations ; on the ninth and tenth from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. and from 7 to 10 P. AI. ; and on the eleventh, Sunday, from I to 5 P. M. Schedules are now ready and may be had by applying to the secretary. GLADIOLUS EXHIBITION The American Gladiolus Society held an exhibition in the Museum building. New York Botanical Garden, August 23 to 26, under the auspices of the New York Botanical Garden, the Horti- cultural Society of New York, and the New York Florists' Club. It was one of the largest, 'if not the largest, ever held in this country. It required the greater part of two floors of the Museum to accommodate the display, which comprised something over 70,000 blooms. The general prize-list was contributed by the three organizations under whose auspices the exhibition was given ; in addition there were many special prizes offered. On the main floor the exhibits occupied the rotunda and the aisles and alcoves to the east and west of it. The most artistic feature of the exhibition was the striking exhibit of Mr. B. Ham- mond Tracy, of Cedar Acres, Wenham, Mass., a group of many kinds, tastefully arranged in baskets, the colors harmoniously blended. This form of display sets forth better than any other the rich coloration of the gladiolus flower. On the floor below the exhibits were staged on large central tables and on other smaller ones in the alcoves. The display was rich in valuable and unusual forms of this most popular flower, both professionals and amateurs contribut- ing largely to the success of the exhibition. The Garden City Achievement Medal, offered by the Garden City Magazine to the wanner of the most first prizes in the non-commercial classes, was won by Mrs. H. Darlington, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. 207 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PopPi gardener, with sixteen first prizes, the nearest competitor being Madison Cooper, of Calcium, N. Y., with thirteen. SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Presented May 12, 191 7 The seventeenth year of the existence of the society and the fifteenth of its incorporation have passed, finding a larger mem- bership and an increased activity along several lines. The mem- bership is now 780, divided as follows : Patrons, 5 ; Sustaining Members, 5; Life Members, 170; Annual Members, 593; Asso- ciate Members, 7. During the year 114 new members have been added, of which 3 are sustaining, 18 life, 91 annual, and 2 asso- ciate. The following losses in membership have been sustained : by death, 20, of which i was a patron, 6 were life members, and 13 were annual members; by resignation, 15; dropped on account of non-payment of dues, 4; total, 40. The net gain in member- ship for the year is therefore 74. The permanent fund is now $23,005.59, a notable increase over the amount reported last year. The development of the rose garden, which is being carried on in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, is progress- ing. The agreement with that institution provides that the Hor- ticultural Society shall furnish the plants, and through the gener- osity of several nurserymen nearly 5,000 rose bushes have already been donated for the rose garden. The American Gladiolus Society, upon invitation of our so- ciety, will hold its convention and exhibition in New York City in August. The exhibition will be held in the Museum Building, New York Botanical Garden, from the 23d to the 26th. The Horticultural Society has contributed $200 to the premium Hst. An agreement has been entered into for three years with the New York Florists' Club and the International Exposition Co. to hold a spring flower show at the Grand Central Palace. The society has held the following meetings, those from May 208 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK to September at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History : May 13, 1916. Annual Meeting. Lecture in the Garden course was delivered by Mr. Arthur Herrington, on " Irises for American Gardens." June 24. Lecture in the Garden course delivered by Dr. H. H. Rusby, on " Floral Features Observed in a Journey to and from California." August 19. Lecture in the Garden course by Dr. P. A. Ryd- berg, on " Among the Canyons and Deserts of Southeastern Utah." September 23. Lecture in the Garden course by Dr. F. W. Pennell, on " Through the Mountains of Utah and Colorado." January 13, 19 17. With a lecture by Mr. John Scheepers, on " Darwin and Other Tulips." February 17. With a lecture by Mrs. Max Farrand, on " Roses, and the New Rose Garden at the New York Botanical Garden." The following exhibitions were held : May 13 and 14, 1916. Held at the New York Botanical Garden. May 20 and 21. Special exhibition of lilacs and Darwin tulips by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, at the New York Botanical Garden. June 9 to II. Held in cooperation with the American Peony Society at the American Museum of Natural History. June 24 and 25. Held at the New York Botanical Garden. August 19 and 20. Gladiolus exhibition, held at the New York Botanical Garden. September 23 and 24. Dahlia exhibition, held at the New York Botanical Garden. November 9 to 12. Annual Fall Exhibition, held at the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. January 13 and 14, 1917. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. February 17 and 18. Held at the American Aluseum of Nat- ural History. March 15 to 22. International Spring Flower Show, held at the Grand Central Palace. 209 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The premiums offered in the exhibitions held at the New York Botanical Garden were from the income of the William R. Sands Fund of that institution. There were eleven meetings of the Board of Directors, as fol- lows: May 13, May 20, June 24, August 19, September 23, No- vember 10, December 11, January 13, February 17, March 16, and April 17. The Journal has been issued quarterly, as follows : Volume II, no. 9, May, 1916, 12 pages and 4 plates; no. 10, August, 20 pages ; no. 11, November, 12 pages and 4 plates ; no. 12, February, 191 7, 12 pages and 3 plates; total, 56 pages and 11 plates. At a meeting of the Board of Directors held April 17, 1917, the following resolution was passed : Resolved, That a committee be appointed with power to formu- late plans for the creation of a fund for the purchase of fruit trees, and for the transmission of such fund to France. The chairman appointed the following committee : N. L. Brit- ton, chairman, F. R. Newbold and T. A. Havemeyer. A list of the membership and the report of the treasurer are appended to this report. F. R. PiERSON, Chairman George V. Nash, Secretary TREASURER'S STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING MAY 12, 1917 Permanent Fund Permanent account $ 6.15 Balance May 13, 1916 $16,341.21 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank Less loan paid 208.63 account no. I 2,719.02 Balance $i6Ti32!^58 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank Life memberships 950.00 account no. 2 574-32 Interest 887.85 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank International Flower Shovir account on. 3 1,295.60 1^15^ „et profit 5,035.16 6 bonds Am. Can Co. 5%. 6,005.00 5 bonds B. R. & P. 45^%. 5,000.00 6 bonds 111. Steel 4^%... 5,457-So $21,057.59 Cash balance on hand 1,948.00 $23,005.59 $23,005.59 210 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Expenditures Petty cast account, secre- tary Petty cash account, treas- urer Printing account Journal account Booth account Prizes account Medals account Vases and tables account. Salary account, secretary. Salary account, assistant. Office expense account . . Expense account Prize Fund paid Interna- tional Flower Show . . . Cash balance May 12, 1917. General Fund Receipts Balance May 13, 1916 ...$ 558.68 5 280.00 Loan repaid by Perma- nent Fund 2p8.63 56.25 Sale publications 4.00 363.70 Annual dues 2,916.00 456.60 Special Fund, Nov. Show 1,909.50 201.37 Special Fund, Interna- 2J53-5I tional Show 2,278.00 167.02 International Flower Show 249.34 1917, on account profits 5,178.00 600.00 240.00 120.75 566.02 2,278.00 5 7,732.56 5,320.25 513,052.81 $13,052.81 Respectfully submitted, Frederic R. Newbold, Treasurer. MEMBERSHIP For the year ending May 12, 191 7 Archer M. Huntington Mrs. Russell Sage Mrs. Charles H. Senff Patrons Miss Emily Trevor Mrs. y. B. Trevor Mrs. F. H. Allen Mrs. Robert F. Ballantine Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Sustaining Members Clarence H. Mackay Mrs. A. Seton 21 1 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Life Edward D. Adams H. B. Adriance Cornelius Rea Agnew Miss Mary S. Ames Constant A. Andrews Dr. S. T. Armstrong Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr. Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr. Mrs. Christopher M. Bell E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Mrs. William H. Bliss George Blumenthal George McKesson Brown Mrs. Harold Brown Louis Burk F. V. Burton W. R. Callender Mrs. Ina Campbell Henry W. Cannon Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Louis S. Chanler Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb W. Colgate Mrs. F. A. Constable R. L. Cottinet Mrs. R. J. Cross Mrs. Bayard Cutting Miss Olivia Cutting Mrs. H. Darlington Mrs. Ira Davenport Charles H. Davis Gherardi Davis Mrs. Gherardi Davis Members Charles Deering Mrs. John R. Delafield Maturin L. Delafield, Jr. Eugene Delano Mrs. Henry F. Dimock Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge Russell Doubleday Herman Le Roy Emmet Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons A. F. Estabrook Eberhard Faber Wm. B. Osgood Field James B. Ford J. B. Foulke Amos Tuck French H. P. Frothingham Francis P. Garvan George J. Gould Simon Guggenheim E. S. Harkness Mrs. Edward S. Harkness Charles J. Harrah Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Francis R. Hitchcock- Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Adrian Iselin, Jr. C. Oliver Iselin Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Ernest Iselin Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones Nathaniel T. Kidder Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Mrs. Daniel S. Lamont 212 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier Meyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman Frederic Elhott Lewis Mrs. Frederic Elliott Lewis Reginald Minturi^i Lewis W'adswordi Russell Lewis Mrs. William Goadby Loew Jno. H. Love James A. Macdonald Emerson MacMillin Mrs. John Markoe Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Alexander Michie A. G. Mills Ogden Mills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan,. Jr. Newbold Morris Richard IMortimer, Jr. Hon. Levi P. Morton x\bram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. William Gilman Nichols Dudley Olcott Dr. James H. Parker James C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps F. R. Pierson P. W. Popp l\Iiss B. Potter Mrs. George D. Pratt Frederick T. Proctor Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Geraldyn Redmond Henry S. Redmond Mrs. George H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson Mrs. Burke Roche Mrs. John A. RoebHng Julius Roehrs Thomas Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Mrs. Archibald Douglas Russell Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee Grant B; Schley R. J. F. Schwarzenbach Mrs. W^ D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone G. E. M. Stumpp William H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson William B. Thompson H. M. Tilford James G. Timolat Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. French Vanderbilt Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig 213 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK W. A. Wadsworth Henry Walters Felix M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg Mrs. John Hobart Warren Thomas G. Washburn John I. Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney Webster Patrick Welch George Peabody Wetmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. Willets Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Edmond E. Wise Mrs. Anna Woerishoft'er John Young Geo. A. Zabriskie William Ziegler, Jr. Mrs. T. J. Abbott Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. John Dunbar Adams Mrs. C. R. Agnew Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich Douglas Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Charles H. Allender Mrs. Frederick Allien William C. Anderson W. H. Andrews Mrs. A. S. Apgar Francis J. Arend George Arents W. J. Arkell Mrs. Glover C. Arnold F. L. Atkins W. C. Atwater Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss James C. Auchincloss Ledyard Avery Mrs. John Stuart Baird Animal Members G. E. Baldwin W. D. Baldwin Jas. Ballantyne Mrs. T. H. Barber Mrs. James L. Barclay Miss Katherine Barnes Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Mrs. A. Battin Miss M. L. Baugh Mrs. Lawrence P. Bayne Otto F. Behrend William F. Beller August Belmont A. D. Bendheim Miss Mary Benson Miss Harriet L. Biddle A. Bieschke Miss Mary E. Bissell Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bliss Samuel J. Bloomingdale Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington 214 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner Miss Edith G. Bowdoin K. R. Boynton Mrs. H. I. Brightman A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Jean Broadhurst Mrs. Irving Brokaw Miss Aneita D. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. J. Hull Browning F. W. Bruggerhof Edwin M. Bulkley Mrs. Edwin M. Bulkley L. Duncan Bulkley William Bunker Harry A. Bunyard Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mrs. Martin Burke Irving T. Bush Mrs. N. M. Butler John Butterworth Henry A. Caesar Miss Mary R. Callender Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss I. M. Cammann James Campbell John Canning William T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart James Chambers Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. George H. Chatillon John Lewis Childs Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. Banyer Clarkson Mrs. A. Clay burgh Mrs. Alfred M. Coats C. A. Coffin Frederic A. Cole Miss E. Coleman R. J. Collier George Edward Colon Mrs. William Combe Mrs. Marin Le Brun Cooper Mrs. Arthur J. Corbett William Cordes F. R. Cordley Mrs. William S. Cowles W. R. Craig F. D. Crane- Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford John D. Crimmins Mrs. Thomas Crimmins James W. Cromwell Miss M. R. Cross Mrs. Robert H. Crundon Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. de Forest B. F. DeKlyn J. R. De Lamar Warren Delano William Adams Delano William C. De Lanoy Mrs. J. Lloyd Derby Mrs. C. D. Dickey 215 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss J. V. Dickinson C. F. Dieterich Francis P. Dodge Otto L. Dommerich Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George William Douglas J. Douglas David Dows Charles A. Draper Dr. W. K. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. Du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight M. Dworetzky Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Edmund Eckart Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar Miss Lucille R. Edgar Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Richard Edie, Jr. George Ehret Wm. G. Ellis Abraham Erlanger Milton S. Erlanger A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel Mrs. Max Farrand James C. Farrell William Hyatt Farrington Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson William H. Fischer Mrs. J. H. Flagler Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. W. T. Floyd L. G. Forbes Miss Alice Bleecker Fox Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mrs. L. C. French Mrs. Thomas R. French A. S. Frissell John W. Frothingham Maurice Fuld Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin Robert A. Gardiner J. E. Gay Miss Florence Gayley Mrs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robert W. Gibson Henry Gleason Miss A. C. Goddard Arthur Golding James W. Goodier W. S. Gordon Charles Gotthelf G. C. Graves Mrs. Clendenen Graydon John Greenough Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. Chester Griswold. Sr. A. M. Guinzburg Mrs. Victor Guinzburg Mrs. Wm. C. Gulliver Miss Bell Gurnee Miss Edith Haas Daniel S. Hage Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall i6 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Josephine Barnes Hall L. Gordon Hamersley Aliss Elizabeth Stewart Hamilton Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh Miss Isobel R. Harding Mrs. F. Denham Harmon Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris Thomas Hastings H. O. Havemeyer T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. T. A. Havemeyer Miss Frances A. L. Haven ^Irs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. William Samuel Hawk Mrs. G. J. Helmer Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson ^iliss H. Maud Henry Mrs. Ferdinand Hermann Mrs. F. W. Herz Mrs. M. E. Hewitt Mrs. Peter C. Hewitt Henry Hicks JohnM. W. Hicks Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Mrs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Mrs. Newlin Hooper Clarence J. Housman Richard Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt 21 Miss Gertrude L. Hoyt Thomas L. Hughes Thomas Hunt Mrs. Archer M. Huntington Mrs. George S. Huntington H. E. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huniington J. Chr. G. Hupfel Henry Hurrell Mrs. Albert E. Hurst Seymour L. Husted, Jr. Frank DeK. Huyler Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde William Inglis Mrs. Richard Irvin Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Leon Israel Francis D. Jackson Martin R. Jacobus Mrs. Walter B. James Miss Mary R. Jay Alfred W. Jenkins Miss Annie B. Jennings Walter Jennings Robert E. Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan John F. Johnston R. M. Johnston Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. S. Beach Jones Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. Robert J. Kahn 7 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. De Lancy Kane Mrs. John Innes Kane Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller F. W. Kelsey E. Kempenaar Mrs. H.Van Rensselaer Kennedy Mrs. John S. Kennedy Clarence Kenyon Mrs. Walter N. Kernan Mrs. W. Kessler Miss Alice Ketellas Mrs. Edward King Frederic R. King Miss Isabella C. King Le Roy King Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Miss E. Louise Klots Charles W. Knight Thomas Knight Miss Edith M. Kohlsatt Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. J3r. George F. Kunz Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Miss Margaret Lawrence George Legg Mrs. Albert A. Levi Joseph Levi Edmund J. Levine Mrs. Louis S. Levy Adolph Lewisohn Mrs. Allan Lexow Paul Lichten stein Mrs. John R. Livermore Miss Anne P. Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. John G. Livingston John H. Livingston, Jr. Mrs. Samuel Lloyd Mrs. Julius Loewenthal Hugo V. Loewi Frank J. Logan Miss Hilda Loines Mrs. G. de F. Lord A. Lueder David L. Luke Horace D. Lyon A. A. Macdonald Dr. D. T. MacDougal Kenneth MacKenzie Mrs. F. Robert Mager Mrs. Henry Marquand Charles Mallory A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda J. A. Marsh Alexander L. Marshall Robert Marshall W. E. Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Marston Walton Martin W. J. Matheson Harry O. May R. de L. Mayer Mrs. Theresa Mayer Mrs. D. Hunter McAlpin. Jr. Dr. D. H. McAlpin George L. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg 218 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK James McLean B. Frank Mebane Herman W. Merkel Mrs. Pay son Merrill Edwin O. Meyer A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell Mrs. Wm. Mitchell Mrs. E. D. Monod Alphonse INIontant Barrington Moore Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. JMorgan Mrs. Gerald Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. A. Henry Mosle J. P. Mossman J. A. Muller Miss Christina Muendel C. W. Munson William S. Myers George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold W. Nilsson Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Notman Howard Notman Adolph S. Ochs Elam Ward Olney Miss Annabella S. Olvphant Patrick O'Mara William S. Opdyke Mrs. Chas. J. Oppenheim Professor H. Fairfield Osborn Arthur W. Page Miss Bertha Pagenstecher Mrs. Henry Parish, Jr. Miss Gertrude Parsons Mrs. J. E. Parsons Herbert Parsons Adam Paterson T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Charles H. Peck Miss Dorothy Peck Mrs. M. R. Peck Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Edward S. Pegram Mrs. Stephen Pell Edmund Penfold G. Laurence Perkins G. W. Perkins Mrs. Wm. A. Perry Mrs. Von R. Phelps Mrs. Alfred Noroton Phillips Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Airs. Gifford Pinchot Mrs. Frank H. Piatt A. J. Porter A. S. Post yirs. Frank Hunter Potter George T. Powell Mrs. Charles E. Proctor Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer Mrs. N. T. Pulsifer Miss Eva C. Putney Robert Pyle C. F. Quincy 219 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Katherine W. Reid W. H. Remick J. Walter Reimels Mrs. N. C. Reynal Miss Elvine Richard Samuel M. Riker William J. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb G. Theodore Roberts Miss M. M. Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson Edward Robinson Mrs. Edward Robinson Mrs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers Mrs. James Gamble Rogers A. J. Rolle M. M. Rooney Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Max Rosenberg Mrs. Oscar Rosenthal Mrs. Charles B. Rowland Mrs. James A. Rumrill Mrs. Justus Ruperti • Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Dr. H. H. Rusby Mrs. Henry W. Sackett Isadore'Saks Miss Louise Sands W. H. Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee John Scheepers Mortimer L. Schiff Rudolph E. Schirmer George Schlegel Max Schling Henry Schreiter Miss Marianne Schurz C. W. Scott William Scott James A. Scrymser Mrs. J. H. Sears Alonzo B. See Charles E. Seitz Isaac N. Seligman Jefferson Seligman Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sharpe A. R. Shattuck Mrs. A. R. Shattuck Walter F. Sheridan William Shillaber Henry W. Shoemaker H. A. Siebrecht William H. Siebrecht Franklin Simon Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Samuel Sloan Thomas Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith W. Hinckle Smith E. G. Snow Mrs. Frederick A. Snow L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick W. M. A. Sperling J. E. Spingarn F. L. Stallman J. R. Stanton Joseph H. Steinhardt Frederick T. Steinway Robert S. Stephenson Mrs. Benjamin Stern F. Lynde Stetson Frederic W. Stevens 220 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. John Wood Stewart Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Charles Strauss Louis Strauss Mrs. William Strauss Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart Frederick Sturges F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Charles Fitch Swan Albert Tag Rush Taggart Mrs. Henry P. Taller C. A. Tatum Richard E. Thibaut Mrs. Howard L. Thomas J. Thorne Myles Tierney Mrs. Belmont Tiffany Louis C. Tiffany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy F. H. Traendly A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tuttle L. Ulman Alvin Untermyer Mrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. Frederick S. Van Beuren Mrs. L. E. Van Etten Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen William W. Vert E. C. Vick Mrs. E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. Von Zedlitz Mrs. Gustavus A. Walker H. F. Walker John G. Walker George Wallerstein M. H. Walsh C. W. Ward Harry Wearne Mrs. F. Egerton Webb Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. Francis M. Weld Mrs. F. D. Wells Mrs. John Wells Mrs. Maurice Wertheim Arthur L. Wessell Mrs. Robert E. Westcott Miss Edith Wetmore Mrs. George Peabody Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Lawrence G. White Mrs. Stanford White W. A. White Mrs. Alfred A. Whitman Miss Margaret S. Whitney William Whitton Miss Theodora Wilbour Dr. Anna Wessels Williams W. P. Willis M. Orme Wilson Chas. A. Wimpfheimer Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. W. Wocher Mrs. C. B. Wood James Wood Mrs. Isidor Wormser 221 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. Hood Wright Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie E. Yeandle Joseph A. Zanetti Miss Annette Young Charles ZoUer Mrs. A. Murray Young A. C. Zvolanek Mrs. William H. Young Associate Members Frederick Hitchman Frederick Schultz Owen A. Hunwick William R. Seymour Chas. Milburn J. P. Sorenson S. G. Milosy PHILIPPE DE VILMORIN On June 30 there passed away one of the greatest horticul- turists and scientists the world has known, Philippe de Vilmorin, head of the great seed industry of Vilmorin-Andrieux et Cie since the death of his father in 1899. He was born in 1872 at Verrieres-le-Buisson, near Paris. He was a man of wide horti- cultural knowledge and activities, and his early death, in the prime of life, is not only a great loss to horticulture, but also to the science of genetics in which he was deeply interested and to which he had devoted many years of his life. A more detailed account of his life and work is being prepared and will appear in a later number of this Journal. 222 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON , PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N.L. BRITTON. L S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE Journal of t^e Jlorttcultural S>ottetpoliBleto J9orfe NOVEMBER, Vol. II, No. 15 ^^M/jH^^M 1917 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The Fall Exhibition 223 List of Contributors to the Fall Show Fund 229 Philippe de Vilmorin 231 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 3fournal of ti^e Horticultural ^ocietp of jBleto ©orfe INCORPORATED I 902 Vnl n No IS 'ssued NOVFMRFR 1Q17 Free to Members VUl.n,nu. IJ Quarterly nUVEiTlDCIV, IV 11 By subscription $1.00 per year THE FALL EXHIBITION On Sunday, November ii, the Annual Fall Exhibition closed its doors for this year. It was held as usual at the American Museum of Natural History, with the permission of the trustees. It opened on the evening of the 8th with a private view to the members of the Society, the Museum, and afifiliated organiza- tions. On Friday and Saturday it was open from g A.M. to 5 F.M., and from 7 to lo P.M., and on Sunday from i to 5 P.M. The attendance was as follows: Thursday, 6,064; Friday, 23,218; Saturday, 46,200; Sunday, 79,131 ; making a total of 154,613. While the number of entries was not as large as last year, the quality of the exhibits equalled, if it did not exceed, those of a year ago. The entries of bush chrysanthemum plants were greater than ever before, never had there been seen such a dis- play of these examples of the horticulturist's art. The collection of last year had exceeded by far any previous exhibit, but that of this year was even greater. In general the arrangement was similar to that of last year.. In the foyer were the specimen palms and the large bush chrys- anthemum plants, as many as it would hold, the remainder being placed in some of the alcoves in the west wing. In this wing were also the cut chrvsanthemum blooms and the groups of foliage and flowering plants. In the east wing were the roses, carnations, and table decorations, and in the north wing the orchids. There were thirty-six bush chrysanthemum plants, twenty-nine 223 jj THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK of these in the competitive classes. They were divided as fol- lows: mound-shaped, twenty-one; of other shape, nine, two of them pillars and one a combination of three superimposed mound- shaped plants ; standards, six. Last year there were twenty- four bush plants of all kinds, including standards. At the fall show of 1916 there were six exhibitors of large chrysanthemum plants, as follows : Mr. Geo. D. Barron, Mr. J. D. De Lamar, Mr. F. C. Lewis, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Mr. Charles Mallory, and Mr. W. B. Thompson. This fall there were also six: Mr. Geo. D. Barron, Mr. J. D. De Lamar, Mr. J. B. Duke, Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Mr. W. B. Thompson, and Mr. Samuel Untermyer. In 1916 there were eight bush plants in over fourteen inch re- ceptacles, shown by four exhibitors, and in the classes for busl/ plants in not over fourteen inch receptacles there were two ex- hibitors who showed six plants. This year the number of bush plants in the larger receptacles was thirteen, entered by five exhibitors, and in the classes for plants in the smaller receptacles there were three exhibitors showing eight plants. In the classes for specimen bushes, in not less than fourteen inch pots, the following were prize-winners : Yellow: Mr. J. R. De Lamar, Glen Cove, N. Y., Robert Marshall, gardener, first, for a superb plant of Mrs. R. H. Pearson ; Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Ardsley, N. Y., John Canning, superintendent, second, for a plant of R. F. Felton. White: Mr. Lewisohn, first, with a plant of Miss Elvia Scoville. Pink: Mr. Lewisohn, first, with a superb plant of Wells' Late Pink; Mr. J. B. Duke, Somerville, N. J., A. A. Macdonald, gardener, second, with a plant of the same variety. Any other color: Mr. Lewisohn, first, with Greystone. Anemone or single: Mr. W. B. Thompson, Yonkers, N. Y., R. M. Johnston, gardener, first, with a plant of Garza; Mr. Duke, second, for a plant of Gertrude M. Smith. In the classes for specimen bushes, in not more than fourteen inch pots, the following persons were prize-winners : Yellow: Mr. De Lamar, first, wtih Mrs. R. H. Pearson; Mr. Thompson, second. White: Mr. Lewisohn, first, with Lady Lydia; Mr. Thompson, second, with the same variety. Pink: 224 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Lewisohn, first, with Wells' Late Pink ;, Air. Thompson, second, with the same variety. Any other color : Mr. Thompson, first, with Greystone. In the classes for specimen standards, these were the prize- winners : Head not less than four feet in diameter and with not less than a three foot stem : Mr. De Lamar, first, with Mrs. R. H. Pearson ; Mr. Thompson, second, with Golden Age. Head not less than three feet in diameter and with not less than thirty inch stem: Mr. Thompson, first, with Lady Lydia; Mr. G. D. Barron, Rye, N. Y., James Linane, gardener, second. The prize-winners in the classes for odd-shape specimens were as follows : In riot less than fourteen inch pots: Mr. Duke, first, with Miss Elvia Scoville ; Mr. Lewisohn, second, wtih Lady Lydia. In not over fourteen inch pots : Mr. Samuel Untermyer, Yonkers. N. Y., Charles Hurn, gardener, first, with The Bard; Mr. Barron, second, with Garza. Of this display of large bush plants Mr. Lewisohn contributed fourteen : nine mound-shaped, three fan-shaped, and two pillars. In appreciation of this large display, which added so much to the interest and attractiveness of the show, the Exhibition Committee awarded Mr. Lewisohn a special prize of a gold medal. The Exhibition Committee also awarded a silver medal to a plant of unusual appearance, made up of three mound-shaped plants superimposed, the top and bottom mounds Mrs. R. H. Pearson, the central one Lady Lydia. This plant was exhibited by Mr. Barron ; it may be seen to the right of the accompanying illus- tration. In the classes for cut chrysanthemum blooms, for commercial growers, the following won prizes : Stems not less than three feet long: Air. Charles H. Totty. Madison, N. J., won first prizes as follows : twelve white, with Mrs. G. Drabble ; twelve pink, with Nerissa ; twelve yellow, with Wm. Rigby ; twelve red, with Pocketts Crimson ; twelve any other color, with Nag-ir-roc. A collection of twenty-five varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long, gave Air. Totty 225 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK also the first prize. He also won first prize for a collection of pompons, twenty-five varieties, and likewise for a collection of singles, twenty-five varieties. In classes for cut blooms, non-commercial growers, the follow- ing were prize-winners : Stems not less than two feet long: six white, Mr. Untermyer, first, with William Turner, Mr. Lewisohn, second ; six pink, Mr. Percy Chubb, Glen Cove, N. Y., Robert Jones, gardener, first, with Lady Hopetown, Miss M. T. Cockcroft, Saugatuck, Ct., Adam Paterson, gardener, second ; six yellow, Mr. A. N. Cooley, Pittsfield, Mass., F. E. Nash, gardener, first, with J. C. Neil, Mr. Untermyer, second, with Yellow Turner; six red, Mr. Cooley, first, with Miss Clara Banghart, Miss Cockcroft, second; six any other color, Mr. Chubb, first, with Mary Mason, Mrs. S. Neustadt, Chappaqua, N. Y., David Gordon, gardener, second. For a vase of one or more varieties, arranged for effect, any other foliage permitted, Mr. Untermyer won first, Mrs. H. Dar- lington, ]^Iamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, second. In the class for twelve vases, twelve varieties, three blooms of each, Mr. Chubb was awarded first, Mr. Lewisohn, second, and Mr. Untermyer, third. Mr. Chubb also won first prize in the class for six vases, six varieties, three blooms of each, the second going to Mr. Duke, and the third to Mr. De Lamar. A collection of twenty-four varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long, gave the first prize to Mrs. Neustadt, the second to Mrs. Payne Whitney, Manhasset, N. Y., George Ferguson, gardener. Mr. Lewisohn won first prize for a collection of singles, twenty- four varieties, Air. Cooley, the second. Mr. Adrian Iselin, New Rochelle, N. Y., Jos. Tiernan. gardener, was the winner of the first prize for a collection of singles, twelve varieties, and Mr. Lewisohn of the second. Mr. Frederick Sturges, Fairfield, Ct., Thos. Bell, gardener, secured first prize for a collection of pompons, twenty-four varieties, also for a collection of pompons, twelve varieties. In the class for a collection of anemones or singles, twelve varieties, Mrs. Whitney won first prize. The competition for table decorations took place at 3 P.M. on Saturday, the loth. There were four entries, three of which 226 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK filled. To ]\Ir. Thompson was awarded first, Mrs. Whitney second, and Mr. A. T. Bunyard third. The judges were F. W. Atkins, J. H. Pepper, and Ernest Robinson. There was a fine display of cut roses. In the classes for com- mercial growers the F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, X. Y., won first prize for fifty American Beauty; also for fifty white, with White Killarney, for fifty red, with Francis Scott Key, for fifty pink, with Mrs. Charles Russell, and for fifty yellow, with Sun- burst. Three new roses, not in commerce, were awarded silver medals; they were: Columbia, exhibited by Mr. Totty ; Rosalind, exhibited by the F. R. Pierson Co. ; and Ophelia Supreme, ex- hibited by Dailledouze Bros., of Brooklyn, N. Y. City. In the classes for cut roses, for non-commercial growers, the following were winners : Twelve American Beauty: Mr. Duke, first. Eighteen red: Mr. Untermyer, first, with Richmond ; Mr. Thompson, second. Eighteen pink: Mr. Thompson, first, with Jonkherr J. L. Mock; Mr. Untermyer, second. Eighteen any other color: Mr. Unter- myer first ; Mr. Thompson, second. For a vase of fifty blooms, arranged for effect, ]Mr. Duke secured first, and Mr. Thompson, second. In the carnation classes for commercial growers, the Cottage Gardens Co., Queens, N. Y., was awarded a diploma for a new carnation, no. 809. In the non-commercial carnation classes the following won prizes : Eighteen white : Mrs. J. C. Brady, Gladstone, N. J., J. G. Walker, gardener, first, with Matchless ; Mrs. Whitney, second, with the same variety. This exhibit of Mrs. Brady also won the sweepstakes prize for the best vase of eighteen. Eighteen En- chantress shade : Mrs. Brady, first, with Cottage Maid ; Mrs. Whitney, second, with Enchantress Supreme. Eighteen scarlet: Mrs. Whitney, first, with Belle Washburn. Eighteen crimson : Mrs. Brady, first, with Doris. Eighteen yellow: Mrs. Whitney, first, with Yellow Prince. Eighteen variegated: Mrs. Whitney, second, with Old Gold. 227 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In the classes for foliage and decorative plants the following prizes were won: Group of greenhouse foliage and flowering plants, arranged for artistic effect, to cover 150 square feet: Mr. Thompson, first; ]\Irs. Alortimer F. Plant, Groton, Ct., Ernest Robinson, gardener, second ; the first prize carried with it the society's silver cup, valued at $100. Three plants of Begonia, Gloire de Lorraine type: Mr. Thompson, first; Mrs. Whitney, second. A number of palms were exhibited which added materially to the effective- ness of the foyer. Mr. Thompson won first prizes for specimens of the following palms : Chr\salidocarpus lutescens, Hozvea Forstcriana, Rliapis flabclliformis. He also secured first prize for a specimen of any other palm. A fine specimen of Cibotium Schiedei gave the first prize to the F. R. Pierson Co., which firm also won first prize for a specimen of the Boston fern, Mr. Thompson winning the second in this class. The F. R. Pierson Co. made their usual fine exhibit of Ncphrolepis exaltata and its varieties, for which they received the first prize. In the classes for orchids, commercial growers, Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J., won first for a collection of not less than twenty-five species and varieties, the Julius Roehrs Co. second. This latter company also won the silver medal for a novelty not before exhibited before the society. Lager & Hurrell secured first prize for a collection of Cypripediums. In the non-com- mercial classes Mr. Untermyer was awarded first for a collection, not less than twelve species and varieties. He also won first prize for six plants, three varieties, and also for three plants, three varieties. The sweepstakes prize for the best orchid plant was awarded to an Oncidium plant exhibited by Mrs. Plant. The following special prizes were awarded : A gold medal to John Scheepers & Co., Inc., for a collection of winter-flowering begonias, arranged to represent a garden of these plants. A gold medal to IMr. Lewisohn for his entire group of bush chrysanthemum plants. A silver medal and cash to ^Ir. De Lamar for his chrysanthemum plant of unique design. A certificate of culture to Mrs. Mortimer F. Plant, for an Oncidium 228 . THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK plant. A diploma to ^Ir. Max Schling, for an attractive and interesting exhibit called " Indian Summer." Also the following cash prizes : Mr. Lewisohn, for a group of five chrysanthemum plants, ^liss Cockcroft, for a collection of twelve vases of anemone chrysanthemums. ]\Irs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, for a display of seedling Nerines. Mrs. H. Darlington, for display of chrysanthemums of all types and for a basket of gladioli. Air. Peter Hauck, Jr., East Orange, N. J., Max Schneider, gardener, for a standard white chrysanthemum plant. Airs. Oliver Hoyt, Stamford, Ct., Jas. Foster, gardener, for melons and seedling chrysanthemums. Mr. Adrian Iselin, for a collection of chrysanthemums. Mr. Lewisohn, for a hang- ing basket of begonia. Mr. Howard Phipps, Westbury, N. Y., G. J. Muller, gardener, for a collection of seedling chrysan- themums. F. R. Pierson Co., for a vase of fifty Ophelia roses. Mr. H. L. Pratt, Glen Cove, N. Y., Henry Gaut, gardener, for a collection of single seedling chrysanthemums. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, for a single seedling chrysanthemum. Frederick Sturges, for vases of flowers. The judges for the competitive classes were: Alex. Robertson, Montclair, N. J. ; Edward Reagan, Morristown, N. J. ; Robert Cameron, Cambridge, Alass. ; James Ballantyne, Ridgefield, Ct. ; Alexander Alichie, Oyster Bay, N. Y. ; Walter Angus, Ta- conic, Ct. The following were contributors to the fund authorized by the Board of Directors for defraying the prizes and other expenses connected with the exhibition : Airs. C. R. Agnew Mr. Jno. I. D. Bristol Airs. James Herman Aldrich Dr. N. L. Britton Airs. Hugh D. Auchincloss Airs. J. Hull Browning Air. Geo. D. Barron Air. Irving T. Bush Airs. L. P. Bayne Airs. John Jay Chapman Air. A. D. Bendheim Air. Geo. F. Colon Air. Edward J. Berwind Mrs. Wm. Combe Airs. Robert C. Black Airs. F. A. Constable 229 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Cottage Gardens Co. Mr. J. W. Cromwell Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Mr. H. W. de Forest Mr. J. R. De Lamar Mr. William Adams Delano Mrs. F. S. Dellenbaugh, Jr. Mrs. C. D. Dickey Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Mrs. Wm. H. Doughty Mrs. George Wm. Douglas Mr. James Douglas Mr. H. du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight Mrs. A. B. Emmons Mr. A. F. Estabrook Mr. James C. Farrell Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mr. George Giatras Miss Margarette E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mr. Simon Guggenheim Mr. Edward S. Harkness Mr. T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. F. Delano Hitch Mr. Rich. M. Hoe Mrs. R. P. Huntington Mrs. A. E. Hurst Mr. Adrian Iselin Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Mr. C. Oliver Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Mr. W. E. Iselin Mrs. A. C. James Mrs. Walter B. James Miss A. B. Jennings Mr. Karl Jungbluth Mrs. Delancey Kane Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Mr. Paul Lichtenstein Mr. James A. Macdonald Mr. C. Mallory Mr. J. A. Marsh Mr. W. J. Matheson Mrs. J. McLean Mr. Emerson McMillin Dr. Geo. N. Miller Mr. Clement Moore Mr. J. P. Morgan Mrs. S. Neustadt Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Mr. Howard Notman Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn Miss Gertrude Parsons Mr. E. S. Pegrani Mr. Edmund Penfold Mr. S. T. Peters Mr. Geo. T. Powell Mrs. G. D. Pratt Mrs. Chas. E. Proctor Mr. Geraldyn Redmond Mr. John J. Riker Mr. Wm. J. Riker Mrs. John A. Roebling Mrs. Archibald Douglas Russell Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff Mrs. A. Seton Miss Elizabeth Sharpe Mr. Wm. Shillaber Mr. Pierre J. Smith Mr. Frederic W. Stevens Miss Mary O. Stevens Mr. Lispenard Stewart 230 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Wm. R. Stewart Mr. A. F. Troescher Mr. Frederick Sturges Mrs. B. B. Tuttle Mr. F. K. Sturgis Mrs. E. H. Van Ingen Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. W. Seward Webb Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Payne Whitney Mr. Rush Taggart Mrs. Chas. B. Wood Mrs. H. L. Thomas Mr. Jos. A. Zanetti Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson Mr. Chas. ZoUer PHILIPPE DE VILMORIN Starting in the latter days of the old French kingdom, and per- sisting throughout the vicissitudes of the three republics and the two intervening empires, the house of Vilmorin has maintained its preeminence in the annals of French horticulture. The beginnings of the establishment with which the name of Vilmorin has been associated for nearly a century and a half can be traced to a much earlier date, but in the years immediately preceding the American Revolution its proprietor was Pierre d'Andrieux, and in his employ was a young man of intelligence and skill, Victoire de Vilmorin.* In 1774, Vilmorin married his employer's daughter, and in the following year entered into part- nership with his father-in-law. Upon the death of Andrieux, only a few years later, Vilmorin became sole proprietor, in 1780, and adopted the name " Vilmorin-Andrieux " (altered to " Vil- morin-Andrieux et Cie " in 1815), under which the establishment has been known ever since. It may assist the reader to realize the antiquity of this firm, to learn that it was through them that the North American plants collected by Michaux were introduced to French cultivators. Victoire de Vilmorin was conspicuous not only as a commercial horticulturist, but as a writer on horticul- tural topics, and the firm has always devoted particular attention to the publication of useful handbooks. Victoire de Vilmorin died * Philippe-Victoire Leveque de Vilmorin, first head of the firm of Vilmorin-Andrieux, was born September 22, 1746, and died March 6, 1804. He was a great-grandson of Charles Levesque de Vilmorien. of an old family of Lorraine. 231 THE HORTICULTURAL' SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in 1804, and was succeeded by his son Andre,* who conducted the business along the same Hues until his retirement in 1843. In that year Andre de Vilmorin transferred the business to his son Louis, f who during his seventeen years of management devoted particular attention to the improvement of plants by careful se- lection. He was also a specialist in cereal crops. When Louis de Vilmorin died, at the early age of forty-four, his oldest son was a lad of seventeen, and an interregnum of several years followed, during which the affairs of the firm were administered by the widowj of the late proprietor. In 1866 she associated her son with her in the management, and in 1873 Henry de Vilmorin§ became sole proprietor, and conducted the business until his death twenty-six years later; from about 1879 his younger brother Mauricejl was in charge of some of the activities of the firm. Upon the death of Henry de Vilmorin in 1899, the control of the business of Vilmorin-Andrieux passed to his son Philippe, then a young man of twenty-seven. Joseph-Marie-Philippe Leveque de Vilmorin was born in 1872 at Verrieres-le-Buisson, a suburb of Paris, where one of the Vil- morin plantations and homes had been located since 181 5. From childhood his training was planned to fit him for the management of the great concern. Nature endowed him with a fine figure, an attractive face, and a pleasing personality ; education added a broad culture. His classical studies were commenced in France * Pierre-Philippe-Andre Leveque de Vilmorin, second head of the firm, was born November 30, 1776, and died March 21, 1862. Like his father, he was a horticultural writer of note. t Pierre-Louis-Frangois Leveque de Vilmorin, third head of the firm, was born April 8, 1816, and died March 21, i860, just two years (to a day) before his father. He was a cripple, but this did not deter him from horti- cultural activity. t Elisa de Vilmorin (nee Bailly), who was a horticultural observer, ex- perimenter, and artist of no mean ability, died August 5, 1868. § Charles-Philippe-Henry Leveque de Vilmorin, fourth head of the firm, was born February 26, 1843, and died August 23, 1899. He was one of the French commissioners to the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. II Auguste-Louis-Maurice Leveque de Vilmorin was born in i<84Q, and is still living. He was president of the Societe botanique de France in 1911. 232 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK and completed in England, and the English language was as familiar to him as his native tongue. The Vilmorins had long been notable linguists ; even his great-grandfather, Andre de Vil- morin, was familiar with at least three languages, and the busi- ness relations of the firm made this accomplishment a valuable asset. The young Philippe also had the advantage of close asso- ciation with his father for some years before he was admitted in 1897, as a member of the firm. Meanwhile he had become, in iSy5, a licentiate in natural sciences of the faculty of sciences of Paris, and was fully equipped to succeed his father as head of Vilmorin-Andrieux et Cie when this duty was suddenly thrust upon him in 1899. His grandfather had been particularly interested in the im- provement of strains of cultivated plants by selection; his father had devoted more attention to the practical aspects of hybridiza- tion for the production of new varieties; he himself, realizing more fully than they the dependence of practice upon theory, was especially devoted to the scientific side of horticulture, and assisted in the establishment upon a sound basis of the new science of genetics. He was an active member of the third international conference on genetics, held at London in 1906, and was the very life of the fourth conference, at Paris, in 1911, serving as secre- tary, and editing the volume of proceedings. He was also a mem- ber of the international botanical congresses at Paris, in 1900, at Vienna, in 1905, and at Brussels, in 1910. It goes without saying that a man of his type was a member, and an active one, of many scientific societies, and there is no oc- casion to enumerate them here. It may be noted, however, that not all of them were horticultural. His membership in the So- ciete botanique de France dated from March 10, 1893, and when, in 1904, the society visited Vierrieres-le-Buisson, the Vilmorins, entertainment included a banquet in the " pare " ; and afterward, Philippe de Vilmorin published at his own expense a handsome illustrated volume descriptive of the garden and the plants there cultivated, under the title " Hortus Vilmorinianus," and presented a copy to each member of the society. His other contributions to horticultural literature were chiefly scattered papers, and revised editions of various handbooks published by the firm. 233 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Philippe de Vilmorin traveled widely, visiting nearly all parts of the world, but he was so modest and unobtrusive that it is diffi- cult to discover records of his travels in the horticultural press. His journeys have been referred to as " veritable scientific mis- sions," yet their results are recorded only in scattered profes- sional papers, and in the growth of the living collections and the herbarium at Verrieres. He was in America repeatedly ; how many times, the writer is unable to say. His first visit was prob- ably in boyhood, with his father ; presumably he accompanied his father to Chicago at the time of the World's Fair, in 1893 ; and he was also here in the United States after his father's death. He visited the New York Botanical Garden in the days of its beginnings. In November, 1901. he was the guest of honor at a dinner at the Hotel Bellevue, Philadelphia, tendered to him by the Seedsman's League. Upon the outbreak of the present war he at once devoted him- self to the service of his country. His health was not sufficiently robust to permit work with the army in the field, but he was sent on a mission to London to represent French agricultural interests there, and upon his return devoted himself to the particular lines of horticultural research which promised the most immediate results of benefit to the nation. It was thus that, although a soldier, he was pursuing his peace- ful researches at his home at Verrieres-le-Buisson when death suddenly ended his career, June 29, 191 7. With his departure, French agriculture and horticulture have lost their most brilliant devotee. In his brief career he had added his full share to the scientific fame of his illustrious ancestors. John Hendley Barnhart. 234 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer R R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. K M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE journal of t^e J^orttcultural Society of J^eto |9orfe Vol. II, No. 16 ^^mS^m ^^^^UARY, 1918 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page Observations on Tulips. II, with 3 plates 235 1. Abnormal and Premature Development 235*" 2. Development in Bulbs during Summer, with special regard to the occurrence of blindness 238 3. Tulip Rots .241 French Fruit Tree Fund of the Horticultural Society of New York, prelimi- nary report of the committee 243 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of i^eto ©orb INCORPORATED I9O2 Vol. II, No. 1 6 qS, FEBRUARY, 1918 By s.i>s.mJn7X7Zr OBSERVATIONS ON TULIPS. II I. Abnormal and Premature Development Abnormal and premature growth of tulips occurs when the new bulbs developing about the base of a flowering stalk immediately produce green leaves that protrude above ground. The general appearance of various grades or types of such development is shown in accompanying plates: No. i shows the four green leaves which developed from the largest of a set of new sister bulbs ; No. 2 shows a case where each of three sister bulbs de- veloped a single green leaf ; and No. 3 is of a plant in which the largest of the new bulbs made a leafy growth that was especially conspicuous. These three plants were photographed last spring at the end of the blooming period. In all three the flower stalk with its stem leaves is in evidence (No. i was a blind tulip). Ordinarily or normally the flowering stem is the only growth that appears above ground from plants which develop from bulbs of large or flowering size. Beneath the ground there occurs the development of new bulbs, but aerial leaves from any of these do not appear until the following season. Such bulbs appear as shown in Nos. 11, 12, and 13 with which the leafy development of the bulb shown in No. 4 is in marked contrast. The growth in such cases as that illustrated in No. 4 is ab- normal in several particulars. The green leaves are outgrowths of the outer scales ; normally the outermost scale becomes thin and dry, while the inner ones (in flowering bulbs) function as storage organs. The development of these scales into green leafy 235 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Structures therefore is not premature but abnormal. An examina- tion of the basal portion of these bulbs shows both premature and abnormal development. There is often a decided elongation of the basal internodes of the stem, accompanied by immediate de- velopment of axillary buds, as seen in the dissected bulb shown at Nos. 9 and lo. Normally this part of the stem does not elon- gate, but remains with short, flattened internodes givmg a com- pact bulb with closely packed scales (see No. 14) with buds that remain dormant until the following spring. The development of these bulbs at this time is premature, but is also abnormal in that the bulbs are of small size and of irregular shape. Thus in a single new bulb there may be a combination of sev- eral kinds of abnormal and premature developments involving scales, main stem and lateral buds. It is usually the first or largest of the new sister bulbs in which the most complex degrees of abnormal and premature growth are seen. In some cases, as in bulbs of Nos. 6 and 7, smaller bulbs have scales that are ab- normally soft and spongy. Large numbers of the tulip La Triumphante were grown in the display beds at the New York Botanical Garden in the spring of 1 91 7. Nearly every plant bloomed, and in nearly every plant there was a combination of abnormal and premature develop- ments. The plant shown in No. 3 was quite typical. The first bulb produced green leaves from the outer scales, the main stem was elongated (No. 9) and the lateral buds were prematurely and abnormally developed (No. 10). The scales and stems were spongy and of light weight; in fact the entire weight of such bulbs, green leaves and all (No. 4), was much below that of normal first bulbs or even of second bulbs. The entire weight of the first bulb shown at No. 4 was n grams, while that of the sister, ,a more compact second bulb shown at No. 5, was 20 grams. It was necessary to remove all the tulips of this planting from the beds to facilitate other planting for summer display. Accord- ingly all plants were dug and placed in storage in a cool dry cellar. Examination of the bulbs in October revealed that every one of the first bulbs and large numbers of the smaller sister bulbs had died during the summer. They had become completely dry. The same five bulbs photographed in the spring (Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 236 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK 8) were again photographed on October 8 (Nos. 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30). The first, third, fourth, and fifth bulbs were dead. Only the second (Nos. 5 and 27) was Hving and its outer scales were dead or dying and were infected with fungi. A section through a dead first bulb is shown at No. 25. All the parts of leaves and stem were dry and brittle ; there had been no noticeable decay or rotting. As a result of the premature and al^normal growth and the subsequent death of large numbers of bulbs the stock of La Tri- umphante was greatly depleted. No bulbs of large and flowering size were left for planting. In the tulip White Jewel, grown in 191 7, large numbers of plants exhibited abnormal and premature development of the first bulb as shown in No. i. Dissection of these bulbs showed that the main stem was much more elongated and slender than was the case in La Triumphante- (No. 9). The lateral bulbs borne were also larger and better formed. Practically every bulb of White Jewel lived through summer storage. Even the newer bulbs prematurely split ofif from the first bulbs remained plump and viable. Nos. 31 to 34 show the conditions of sister bulbs at the end of the summer. While there was no special loss of bulbs through their death in this variety, the premature development of sister bulbs from the first bulb thereby reduced the stock of bulbs of the largest size which are most desirable for planting in display beds. The variety Cramoise Brilliant bloomed freely and fully in 1917 in beds at the Garden. A large majority of the plants ex- hibited abnormal vegetative growth of the new bulbs. Here (No. 2), however, there was rarely more than a single outermost scale involved. Nearly all the sister bulbs, however, produced a single green leaf. The bulbs were solid and of good weight with no premature or abnormal development of their stems or lateral bulbs. In tulip Margaret the development observed corresponded closely to that just described for Cramoise Brilliant. The first bulbs were solid and the only apparent sign of abnormal growth was confined to the outer scale. As will be discussed later, the ^17 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK condition of blindness developed in this variety during summer storage. Varieties such as Cottage ]\Iaid, Prince of Austria, Chryso- lora, La Reine, Crimson King and Grand Due, all grown under quite identical conditions, and even in the same beds with varie- ties just mentioned, exhibited only the normal mode of growth. There was no green leafy growth from the several sister bulbs formed about the base of a flower stalk. The bulbs were all solid, and sections of the bulbs revealed that the basal portion of the stem was fiat and compact and the lateral buds were undeveloped (see No. 14). The weather of the spring of 1917 for New York City was characterized by excessive cloudiness with frequent showers which kept the ground unusually wet. The beds in which the tulips grew have been used for several years for tulip plantings and each autumn when tulip bulbs are planted a mulch several inches thick of well-rotted manure is applied. It may be that excessive moisture may combine with richness in a soil to induce such abnormal and premature development as has been described above. If this be the case, it is clear that some varieties respond more readily to such conditions than do others, and their per- formance in this respect is to be considered in selecting varieties most desirable for growth in and about New York City. 2. Development in Bulbs during Summer, with Special Regard to the Occurrence of Blindness Summer is not a period of complete dormancy and rest for tulip bulbs. Important changes involved in the development of flowers occur during summer even in bulbs that are in storage. Examination of large first bulbs in May or June shows that the growing points of the main stem are not at that time differen- tiated into leaves and flowers ; the rudimentary stalk with its leaves and flowers is simply a tender minute cone scarcely visible within the innermost scale. Longitudinal sections through such bulbs appear as shown in No. 14. Examination in October of stored bulbs shows that they appear to have somewhat swollen during the summer ; the outermost scale, which is thin and membranaceous,, is split (see Nos. 18 and 238 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK 20) and a slight elevation of tissue usually protrudes (as at point a, No. 18) from the base of the bulbs. This is crescent-shaped in outline and is most pronounced opposite the point of attachment to the old stem of the mother bulb. This is plainly an area in which roots are developing as the corrugated surface especially indicates. At the apex of the bulb the tips of the tightly rolled stem-leaves often protrude slightly. In a longitudinal section (No. 22) all parts of the flower are found to be well formed and of considerable size. Stem-leaves and internodes of the flower- stem are now also present. Future development in the following spring consists chiefly of enlargement of these parts. Thus a noticeable and important development has occurred during the summer. Bulbs left in the ground make somewhat further development during summer. The flower itself appears to have developed almost the same in both stored and ground bulbs (compare Nos. 21 and 2ia with Nos. 22 and 22a) ; but in the latter the roll of leaves protrudes further, the roots have made noticeable growth, and the flower stem is somewhat longer (see Nos. 15, 16, 17, and 21). In the case of later blooming Darwin tuli])s the develop- ment is not so great, as is shown in No. 19. Bulbs left in the ground have evidently been supplied with food materials from the soil through the activity of the roots. It is during the summer that certain critical stages in flower development occur. Bulbs in storage are forced to make this development under conditions in some degree unnatural, or at least different from those which operate with bulbs left in the ground. Undoubtedly the general practice of storing bulbs in a dark cool place, such as a cellar, somewhat meets their natural requirements. It is not surprising, therefore, that the condition of blindness illustrated and described in this Journal in the issue of last August should be traced to abnormal development in stored bulbs during the summer. Examination was made of bulbs of all varieties in storage previous to planting in November, 1917. It was found that blindness was already in evidence in dead flowers present in a large proportion of bulbs of the variety [Margaret. A zone of 239 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK dead or dying and blackened tissue was visible at the base of the flower. The stamens and pistils in many such flowers were still somewhat alive toward the apex, but in many the death of all flower parts was complete. The flowers had apparently developed quite fully for that time of the year and the rest of the bulb in many cases seemed to be sound. Careful examination failed to reveal the presence of fungi or bacteria. The appearance of such bulbs in longitudinal section is shown in Nos. 23 and 24. Such bulbs will fail to bloom in a following spring. They may produce stem-leaves, however, and may form new bulbs from lateral buds which will bloom excellently in the next following year (see report in August Journal). It is very evident that the death of flowers in these particular bulbs occurred late during the period of storage. It is difficult, however, definitely to determine the cause. They were kept under the same conditions as were bulbs of other varieties in which no blindness was discovered. The death of tissue first occurs at the base of the flower and may involve also more or less of the stem itself with one or more of its leaves (see Plate 37 in the August Jounml). Undoubtedly the immediate causes are physiological. They may be connected with conditions of storage or more remotely with the condition of bulbs when placed in storage. This particular variety was one in which there had been in the previous spring considerable abnormal growth in the de- velopment of green leaves from the first bulbs. It was these bulbs in which blindness developed during storage. As a rule bulbs that make abnormal growth of leaves are reduced in weight. They evidently contribute more to the growth of the leaf than they receive from the leaf. Their supply of food is somewhat ' depleted. This is especially so in extreme cases (La Triumphante discussed above) in which the death of the entire bulb during storage was the rule. All this suggests that the abnormal develop- ment of a green leaf from first bulbs as seen in Margaret in the spring of 1917 may be a condition associated with the later appearance of blindness. It is a simple matter to discover blindness which develops in stor- age. If sections through sample bulbs selected at random show it is present in a considerable proportion of bulbs, the entire stock 240 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK can be discarded for use in special display beds. In this degree, at least, the discouraging efifects produced by the appearance of blind tulips can be avoided. 3. Tulip Rots It appears that the fungus mentioned in the Journal last August is the same one which has been reported as destructive to tulip bulbs in various European countries. In the more recent horti- cultural literature it has been described as Botrytis parasitica, but what is evidently the same fungus was previously described as Sderotium Tulipac. In the spring of 191 7, this fungus caused the death of numerous bulbs of tulips in varieties Margaret, White Jewel, and La Triumphante, all of which had been secured from imported stock. It seems that this fungus is able to live in soil, especially if there is much humus present. Its presence on bulbs is often indicated by small hard dark-colored bead-like bodies (which are often so numerous that they form compacted layers) scattered over and between the outer scales. Such in- fected tulips should be destroyed. All dead tulips and all sclerotia found in beds should likewise be removed from the ground and destroyed. If beds become badly infested, it would be advisable to cease planting tulips in them. During the summer of 1917 large numbers of bulbs of the variety Margaret died during storage. In respect to general ap- pearance, the rots involved can be designated as dry rot and soft rot. The soft rot is clearly caused by a parasite, and from the pre- liminary studies made by Professor W. C. Twiss it appears to be due to a bacterial disease. The infection as thus far observed begins in the outermost scale which becomes soft, shrunken and somewhat discolored, as shown in Nos. 35, 36 and 37. A longi- tudinal section through such a bulb (No. 36) indicates that in the earliest stages of infection parts of the outer scale may be sound, as are the other scales and the enclosed flower. As the infection spreads other scales die, and finally the entire bulb is dead and shrivelled, as shown in No. 38. The dead bulbs are dry and hard, and the scales are tough and horn)^ 241 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Death from what is here called dry rot differs in that the dying scales are dry and rather brittle from the beginning of infection. In the latter stages various saprophytic fungi are present in abundance and somewhat complicate the determination of the organisms that may be the primary cause of death. Fur- ther studies may show that both the soft and the dry rots may be initiated by the same organism, and that differences in the general appearance may arise in connection with different degrees of association with saprophytic fungi. However, the presence of the Botrytis fungus in spring suggests that its activity in stored bulbs may be concerned in the development of dry rot. In the earlier stages of infection both in dry and in soft rot, the flower appears to be normally developed and there is in many cases no sign of blindness. Furthermore, in large numbers of bulbs in which blindness is in evidence at this time there is no indication of the beginning of any rot in the scales. Blindness such as discussed above does not seem to be directly associated with fungous or bacterial infection. The development of rots during the summer of 1917 among stored bulbs at the New York Botanical Garden was almost ex- clusively confined to tulip Margaret. When rots develop thus among stored bulbs, it is certainly necessary to sort rigidly when bulbs are planted, and it would also be advisable not to plant such stock in special display beds. A. B. Stout. New York Botanical Garden. Explanation of Plates Plate 40 Plants of tulips : No. i White Jewel, No. 2 Cramoise Brilliant, at end of blooming period in the spring of 1917. Abnormal development of leaves seen in the first bulb of No. i, and from all the new bulbs of No. 2. No. I also blind. Plate 41 No. 3. Entire plant of tulip La Triumphante, showing leafy develop- ment from the first bulb. Nos. 4-8. Sister bulbs of a plant like No. 3, arranged in order. Ab- normal growth marked in No. 4, and also seen in Nos. 6 and 7. No. 9. Abnormally elongated and enlarged basal portion of stem ; and No. ID, the three bulbs prematurely developed from its lateral buds, all showing the development within such a bulb as No. 4. 242 JOURN. HORT. Soc. N. Y. Vol. II, Plate 40. Observations on Tulips. Abnormal vegetative growth from new bulbs. JOURN. HORT. Soc. N. Y Vol. II, Plate 41. Observations on Tulips. Abnormal vegetative growth from ist bulb (3 and 4); abnor- mal development occurring within bulb is shown in 9 and 10; in contrast to normal bulbs shown in 11-14. JOURN. HORT. Soc. N Y Vol. II, Plate 42 Observations on Tulips. Various conditions of bulbs. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Nos. II, 12, AND 13. Three sister bulbs of tulip Grand Due, showing external appearance of normal bulbs. No. 14. Longitudinal section through such a bulb as No. 11. Note ex- tremely flattened stem and absence of lateral bulbs, such as seen in Nos. 9 and ID. Plate 42 Photographs taken November 14, 1917 The following show comparison of bulbs left in beds with those kept in storage : No. 15. La Reine from soil, and No. 18. La Reine from storage. No. 16. Crimson King from soil. No. 17. Grand Due from soil, and No. 20, Grand Due from storage ; bulbs in storage have become somewhat swollen in size, but have no roots and the roll of leaves does not protrude con- spicuously. No. 19 is of a bulb of a late flowering Darwin tulip from soil, showing less vigorous development of leaves than is seen in the varieties that bloom earlier. No. 21. Section showing development of flower-stem, flower and leaves of a bulb of Grand Due from soil; 21a, flower of same. Nos. 22 AND 22a, from bulb of Grand Due kept in storage. Nos. 23 AND 24. Sections of two bulbs of tulip Margaret, showing conditions of blindness developed during storage. The dead region at base of flower is clearly indicated. The following from bulbs in storage : Nos. 26-30. The same bulbs shown in Nos. 4-8. Nos. 26, 28, 29, and 30 were dead. No. 25 is a section through such a dead bulb as No. 26. Nos. 31-34. The sister bulbs of the plant shown in No. i. All were living at the end of the period of storage. Nos. 35-38. Bulbs of tulip Margaret, exhibiting various stages of " soft rot " ; and Nos. 39-42, bulbs showing stages of " dry rot."' FRENCH FRUIT TREE FUND OF THE HOR- TICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Preliminary Report of the Committee Following the instructions of this board, your committee pro- ceeded to make arrangements for the distribution of the fund in France. After many delays and much correspondence, in Sep- tember last these arrangements were completed, when suddenly all our plans were upset by the three members of the committee in France, who were to overlook the w^ork, joining the French and 243 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK American armies. At about the same time we were asked by the French officials to wait until spring for further work, and were informed by the Red Cross that all the civilian relief work was being reorganized and coordinated and would be done in the fu- ture under the supervision and direction of French government officials and the American Red Cross. Early in December we learned that Mrs. Benjamin G. Lathrop, president and founder of the Paris depot of the American Fund for French Wounded, would shortly be in this country, and by the advice of the Red Cross we immediately got into communica- tion with Mrs. Lathrop, who is working in cooperation with and under the supervision of the French officials and the American Red Cross. We have made the following arrangements to have our fund distributed in France by the Paris depot of the American Fund for French Wounded, through Mrs. Lathrop. First, the Paris depot of the American Fund for French Wounded undertakes to supervise and attend to all the work of distribution and planting, under the direct supervision of Mrs. Mortimer Forest, of St. Paul, Minnesota, a graduate of the Minnesota Agricultural College and a most successful farmer and fruit-grower. Mrs. Forest has very kindly and generously undertaken to do the work at her own expense. She has been doing relief work in France for many months and only recently returned to this country. She speaks the language, knows the people, and is thoroughly familiar with the country. The country about Verdun and the valley of the Meuse and its tributaries has been selected for the work, with headquarters at Nancy. The headquarters are, I believe, already established, and the American Fund for French Wounded is doing relief work from that center. Mrs. Forest has sailed and should shortly be at Nancy, ready to make her arrangements to begin work on the opening of spring. Mrs. Forest will buy the trees from nurseries near Nancy and they will be delivered by motor trucks in the district as needed, and planted under her supervision by the owners of the orchards and their peasants, assisted by French soldiers during their periods of rest behind the lines. 244 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK All orchards planted will be suitably marked with the donor's name, and, as far as possible, the orchards belonging to one vil- lage will all be planted with trees paid for by the donation of a garden club or society and marked with the club's or society's name. The donations of members of the Horticultural Society of New York, if possible, will all be put in one commune or county. Mrs. Forest has kindly offered to send frequent reports on the conditions and progress of the work for our Journ.\l. On behalf of the Horticultural Society, and in fulfillment of its part in the agreement, the treasurer has sent a draft, for the amount of the fund at present, of $3,612.48 to Morgan Harjes & Company, Paris, to be placed to the credit of the Paris depot of the American Fund for French Wounded. The committee has further agreed to send future donations to the Fund in the same manner. The committee are greatly indebted to both ^Irs. Lathrop and ]\lrs. Forest for the interest they are taking in this work, and also for the many suggestions and great aid they have given your committee in reaching this agreement. In addition to many individual subscribers, the following have contributed to the fund : Garden Club of Lenox, Mass. Garden Club of Bedford, N. Y. Garden Club of Hartford, Ct. Hardy Garden Club of Ruxton, Md. Garden Club of Albemarle Co., Va. Garden Club of Lawrence, N. Y. Garden Club of Ridgefield, Ct. Garden Club of Short Hills, N. J. Garden Club of New Rochelle, N. Y. Garden Club of Greenwich, Ct. Garden Club of Plainfield, N. J. Horticultural Society of Newport, R. L Tlorticultural Society of Nassau, N. J. Horticultural Society of Tuxedo, N. Y. Horticultural Society of R. L Horticultural Society of New Trier, 111. 245 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Horticultural Society of Monmouth County, N. J. Buffalo Florists' Club. Chicago Chapter of the Wild Flower Preservation Society. American Society for Horticultural Science. The Wyoming Valley Chapter of the American Revolution. Respectfully submitted, N. L. Britton, Chairman, T. A. Havemeyer, F. R. Newbold, Committee. February 8, 1918. 246 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD . Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y, Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A, HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE Sournal of tl)e Horttf ultural Society of i^eto gorfe Vol. II, No. 17 ^^^fS^m MAY, 1918 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The International Flower Show 347 Flower Exhibitions 249 Proceedings of the Society : Annual Meeting, May ii, 1918 250 Eighteenth Annual Report of the Board of Directors 251 Treasurer's Statement, for the year ending May 11, 1918 253 Membership, for the year endiiig May 11, 1918 254 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THB NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 3fournal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of i^eto ^orfe INCORPORATED I9O2 Vnl II Nn 17 'ss"ed /may IQIS Free to Members VUl.ll,nU. 1/ Quarterly iTl/ll, 1 :7 1 O By subscription $1.00 per year THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The International Flower Show, given by the Horticultural Society of New York in cooperation with the New York Florists' Club, had its fifth presentation at the Grand Central Palace March 14 to 21, 191 8. Those who had in charge the preparations and arrangements for this show were considerably concerned as to the outcome, for would it be possible, in view of coal shortage and labor scarcity, to bring together the plants necessary for so great an undertaking? While not as large as in previous years, it was a decided success, and from the standpoint of presenta- tion it was superior, for it was possible to give to each exhibit the space necessary for its artistic display, the result being one of fine artistic merit. Mr. A. Herrington, as in the two previous years, was again in charge of the arrangement of the exhibits, and great credit is due him for the result obtained. The cooperation of the American Rose Society was obtained, this bringing to the show a wonderful exhibit of roses. The competition for the rose display brought out two superb exhibits, one by F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y., and the other by A. N. Pierson, Inc., the former winning the first prize. In the competi- tive classes there \vere many vases of fifty or a hundred blooms, and they made a large and striking display of this ever popular flower, whether seen from the standpoint of the greenhouse, or that of the outdoor garden. The most notable exhibit of the show, and the observed of all observers, was the bulb garden shown by John Scheepers & Co. It was unique, and was the talk 247 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK of everybody. Enclosed in a fence of white, with a wind-mill as its central figure, it looked like a real bit of Holland. To add to its attractiveness there was, as attendant, a picturesque little Dutch maiden, in native costume, to answer questions. The whole con- ception was artistic and its presentation was excellent — the groups of evergreens, the masses of color of the tulips and dafifodils, making of the whole a charming picture. xA.t the head of the stairway was a striking group exhibited by Mrs. H. Darlington, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., arranged by the gar- dener Mr. P. W. Popp. Mr. Popp has before shown his artistic talents in this direction, and his efifort this year indicated that he is still an adept in this work. Another feature of interest in these war times was the " war garden " of vegetables exhibited by 'Mr. George J. Gould, of Lakehurst. A white fence enclosed an area of some 900 square feet, and in this was brought together a collection of nearly twenty-five varieties of vegetables. It made a strong appeal to all. The rose gardens, as usual, came in for a great share of atten- tion. There were two of these, one by F. R. Pierson, and the other by A. W. Pierson, Inc.. to each of which was awarded a gold medal. The table decorations were again a favorite with the public. On Saturday, March 16, the competition for orchid decorations was held. The first prize was won by Mr. Thos. Aitchison, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., the second by ]\Irs. P. Boettger. The gen- eral table decorations, not restricted to any one flower, were staged on Tuesday, March 19. Of the seven who entered this competition, Mr. Thos. Aitchison captured first prize, and Mr. R. J. Carey, Florham Farms, Madison, N. J., second. The other entries were of great merit, and it was with considerable dif- ficulty that the judges arrived at a final decision. The sweet pea table decorations were staged on Wednesday, March 20. Mr. R. J. Carey won first prize, Mrs. Chas. Bradley, Convent, N. J., sec- ond, and Mr. Thos. Aitchison, third. The above were all for private growers. There was also a class for commercial men, limited to hotel men only. In this the Hotel Chatham won the silver cup. 248 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK There was the usual display of a great variety of flowers, in- cluding orchids, bulbs, azaleas, primulas, amaryllis, rhododen- drons, heaths, and large displays of foliage plants, in which palms and ferns were conspicuous. Cut flowers were largely repre- sented— orchids, roses, carnations, snapdragons, stocks, violets, Schizanthus, and sweet peas. FLOWER EXHIBITIONS An exhibition v.-as held on Saturday and Sunday, January 19 and 20, at the American Museum of Natural History. Premiums were oft"ered for orchids, carnations, sweet peas, Schizanthus, snapdragons, Buddleia, and Euphorbia. For a vase of fifty carnation blooms, in the open-to-all class, Mrs. J. C. Brady, of Gladstone, N. J., John J. Walker, gardener, won first. The same exhibitor won first prizes also, in the non- commercial classes, for twelve each white, enchantress shade, crimson, variegated, and scarlet, ]\Ir. D. E. Oppenheimer, of Yonkers, N. Y., A. Macdonald, gardener, winning second in the last. For a vase of fifty blooms Mrs. Brady won first, Mr. Op- penheimer, second. Mrs. Brady also won first prize for sweet peas and Buddleia. For a collection of orchids Messrs. Lager & Hurrell were awarded first prize. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. J. C. Brady, for a vase of carnations "Old Gold"; ^Ivs. L. U. Skidmore, Great Neck, N. Y., Louis Piantin, gardener, for vases of cut flowers. The May exhibition was held on Saturday and Sunday, the eleventh and twelfth, in the Museum building. New York Botan- ical Garden. In the open-to-all classes premiums were offered for cut flowers of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees, tulips. Narcissus, and orchids. In the non-commercial classes prizes were offered for cut blooms of tulips. Narcissus, orchids, sweet peas, and snapdragons, and for plants of Pelargonium and Cal- ceolaria. In the open-to-all classes a collection of shrubs and trees brought the first prize to Cedar Hill Nursery, Glen Head, N. Y., 249 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK the second prize going to Mr. Jas. Linane, Pelham Manor, N. Y. For a collection of tulips Mrs. H. Darlington, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener, was awarded the first prize ; on ac- count of the size and value of this collection an additional prize of a silver medal was also awarded. In. the non-commercial classes Mrs. H. W. Chapin, of Flushing, N. Y., won first prize for a' collection of tulips. A collection of cut orchid blooms gave the first prize to Mrs. F. A. Constable, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener; the same person also winning first prize for six Calceolaria plants. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. Darlington, for vases of anemones and gladioli ; Jas. Linane, vase of tulips. The cash prizes were ofitered by the New York Botanical Gar- den, from the income of the Wm. R. Sands Fund. The judges were : John Scheepers, F. L. Atkins, and E. Fardel. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY May II, 1918 The annual meeting of the Society was held on Saturday, May II, 1918, 3:50 P.M., in the Directors office. Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, the president presiding. There was a quorum present. Tlie minutes of the annual meeting of May 12, 1917, were read and approved. The terms of the seven directors elected at the annual meeting in May, 191 5, having expired, nominations were called for for their successors, to be elected for a term of three years. The following were the only nominations made : T. A. Havemeyer, N. L. Britton, John Scheepers, Henry Hicks, F. R. Newbold, Geo. V. Nash, F. R. Pierson. The secretary was unanimously authorized to cast an affirma- tive ballot for the election of the above nominees as directors for a term of three years. This was done and they were declared elected. Dr. N. L. Britton was nominated to succeed himself as dele- 2!;o THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK gate to the council of the New York Academy of Sciences. He was unanimously elected. The following election officers for the annual meeting to be held in May, 1919. were unanimously elected: Tellers : P. W. Popp, John Scheepers. Alternates : J. H. Barnhart, Henry Hicks. There being no further business before the meeting, adjourn- ment was taken at 4:30 P.M. Geo. V. Nash, Secretary. EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Society has now completed the sixteenth year of its incor- poration and the eighteenth of its existence. The present mem- bership is 771, as follows: patrons, 5; sustaining members, 6; life members, 170; annual members, 580; associate members, 8; corresponding members, 2. There have been added during the year 34 new members, of which I is sustaining, 3 are life, 27 an- nual, I associate, and 2 corresponding. Losses in membership have been as follows: by death, 16, of which 13 were annual and 3 life members ; by resignation, 4 ; dropped on account of non- payment of dues, 15 ; total 35. The permanent fund is now $28,736.66. The following meetings of the Society have been held, those from May to September at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History : May 12, 1917. Annual Meeting. A lecture in the course of the New York Botanical Garden was delivered by ]\Ir. Geo. V. Nash on " The Spring Flower Garden." June 9. Lecture in the Garden course by Prof A. C. Beal on " Garden Roses." July 14. A Garden course lecture by Dr. A. B. Stout on " Plants Grown by the American Indians." The following exhibitions were held : May 12 and 13, 1917. At the New York Botanical Garden. June 9 and 10. At the New York Botanical Garden. 251 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK July 14 and 15. At the New York Botanical Garden. August 23 to 26. In cooperation with the American Gladiolus Society, at the New York Botanical Garden. September 22 and 23. A dahlia show, at the New York Botan- ical Garden. November 8 to 11. The Annual Fall Show at the American IMuseum of Natural History. January 19 and 20. At the American ^Museum of Natural History. March 14 to 21. International Flower Show, at the Grand Central Palace. The premiums offered in the exhibitions held at the New York Botanical Garden were from the income of the William R. Sands Funds of that institution. The Board of Directors held eight meetings, as follows : May 12, 1917, at the New York Botanical Garden; June 9, at the New York Botanical Garden; July 14, at the New York Botanical Garden ; August 24, at the New York Botanical Gar- den ; September 22, at the New York Botanical Garden ; Novem- ber 10, at the American Museum of Natural History ; January 19, 1918, at the American Museum of Natural History; Alarch 16, at the Hotel Manhattan, 42d St. and Madison Ave. The Journal has been issued quarterly, as follows : Volume II, no. 13, May, 1917. 10 pages and 4 plates; no. 14, August, 22 pages and 2 plates; no. 15, November, 12 pages; no. 16, Febru- ary, 12 pages and 3 plates; total, 56 pages and 9 plates. The committee in charge of the fund for French Fruit Growers have continued their labors. Subscriptions to the amount of $3,612.48 had been received up to February 8, when a draft for that amount was transmitted to the Paris Depot of the American Fund for French Wounded, through which organization arrange- ments have been made for the distribution of this fund. For a detailed account of this arrangement see the preliminary report of the committee pviblished in this Journal for February. The rose garden which is being established in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, is being further developed. Twenty-two new beds have been added since last year. There are now over 450 kinds of roses in the collection and over 5,000 252 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK plants. Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins replaced last fall such plants as failed during the summer, and also made replacements this spring. H. A. Dreer has also replaced this spring all plants which failed during the past year. The F. R. Pierson Co. and A. N. Pierson, Inc., have both promised to do the same. This garden has been a great attraction. Each kind is plainly labeled, with the name and address of the donor. A list of the membership and a report of the treasurer are ap- pended to these minutes. F. R. Pierson, CJiainrian. Geo. V. Nash, S cere tar \. TREASURER'S STATExMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING MAY ii, 1918 Permanent Fund Permanent acct., Broad- \va3- Savings Inst $ 6.15 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, acct. no. I 2,828.86 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, acct. no. 2, Barr Fund.. 597-51 Poughkeepsie Sav. Bank, acct. no. 3 1.347-93 American Can Co. bonds, 5%, 6m 6,005.00 Buffalo, Rochester & Pitts- burgh bonds, 4^%, 5m. 5,000.00 IlHnois Steel Corp. bonds, 41^%, 6m 5.457-50 1st U. S. Liberty Loan, S'^A'yc, 5m 5,000.00 3d U. S. Liberty Loan, 454%. 5™., on account.. 2.000.00 $28,242.95 Balance in Bankers' Trust Co. account 493-71 $28,736.66 Balance May 12, 1917 ...$. 23.005.59 Life Members' fees 275.00 Interest acct $1,077.52 Less transferred to General Acct. 500.00 577-52 Int'l Flower Show 1917 profits ...$6,139.55 Less expenses . . 1,260.45 4,878.5s $28,736.66 25: THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Expenditures Petty cash, secretary ....$ Petty cash, treasurer .... Journal Prizes account i Medals account Vases account Salary account, secretar}-. Salary account, assistant. Expense account, shows.. Expense account, general 191 7 International Show, profits to Permanent Fund 878.55 1918 International Show, expenses 50.CO Red Cross donation 1,000.00 $10,613.99 Balance $ 268.26 $10,882.25 Gexeral Fund Receipts 225.00 Balance from 1916-1917 62.07 account $ 5,320.25 244.95 Income from Permanent ,881.11 Fund 500.00 112.CO Sales account 3.00 518.40 Annual dues 2,524.00 600.CO X'ovember Show fund.... 1,674.00 240.00 International Show fund, 612.74 1917 861.CO 189.17 $10,882.25 French Fruit Growers' Fund Draft to American Fund French Wounded, Paris $3,612.48 Balance in bank 197-25 Total donations to date $3,809.73 Respectfully submitted, Frederic R. Xewbold, Treasurer. May II, 1918. MEMBERSHIP For the year ending May ii, 1918 Archer ]\I. Huntington Mrs. Russell Sage Mrs. Charles H. Senff Patrons Miss Emily Trevor ]\Irs. J. B. Trevor 254 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Sitstaiiiing Members ^Irs. F. H. Allen Mrs. Robert F. Ballantine Airs. W. B. Dinsmore Clarence H. Alackay Mrs. A. Seton C. Blaine Warner* Life Edward D. Adams H. B. Adriance Cornelius Rea Agnew Aliss Mary S. Ames Constant A. Andrews Dr. S. T. Armstrong Airs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr. Airs. Robert Bacon Airs. George F. Baker. Jr. S. Prentiss Baldwin Airs. Christopher AI. Bell E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Airs. William H. Bliss George Blumenthal George AIcKesson Brown Airs. Harold Brown Louis Burk F. V. Burton W\ R. Callender Airs. Ina Campbell Henry W. Cannon Airs. Andrew Carnegie Airs. Louis S. Chanler Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb W. Colgate Airs. F. A. Constable R. L. Cottinet Airs. R. J. Cross Airs. Bavard Cuttinsr Members Airs. H. Darlington Airs. Ira Davenport Charles H. Davis Gherardi Davis Airs. Gherardi Davis Charles Deering Airs. John R. Delafield Alaturin L. Delafield, Jr. Eugene Delano Airs. Henry F. Dimock Airs. Cleveland H. Dodge Russell Doubleday Herman Le Roy Emmet Airs. Arthur B. Emmons A. F. Estabrook Eberhard Faber Wm. B. Osgood Field James B. Ford J. B. Foulke Amos Tuck French H. P. Frothingham Francis P. Garvin George J. Gould Simon Guggenheim E. S. Harkness Airs. Edward S. Harkness Charles J. Harrah Airs. AIcDougall Hawkes Francis R. Hitchcock Airs. Charles F. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Aliss Laura Hurd 255 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Adrian Iselin, Jr. C. Oliver Iselin Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Ernest Iselin ]\Irs. Arthur Curtiss James. Mrs. Henry James Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones Nathaniel T. Kidder Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier ]\Ieyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman Frederic Elliott Lewis Mrs. Frederick Elliott Lewis Reginald Minturn Lewis Mrs. Reginald M. Lewis Wadsworth Russell Lewis Mrs. William Goadby Loew Jno. H. Love James A. Macdonald Emerson MacMillin Mrs. John Markoe Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Alexander Michie A. G. Mills Ogden Alills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr. Newbold Morris Richard Mortimer, Jr. Hon. Levi P. Morton Abram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. William Gilman Nichols Dudley Olcott Dr. James H. Parker James C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps F. R. Pierson P. W. Popp Miss B. Potter Mrs. George D. Pratt Freerdick T. Proctor Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Geraldyn Redmond Henry S. Redmond Mrs. George H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson ]Mrs. Burke Roche Mrs. John A. Roebling Julius Roehrs Thomas Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee Grant B. Schley R. J.'F. Schwarzenbach Mrs. W. D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone G. E. M. Stumpp William H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson 256 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson William B. Thompson H. M. Tilford James G. Timolat Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. French Vanderbilt Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig Henry Walters Felix M. Warburg Paul M. ^^'arburg Mrs. John Hobart Warren Thomas G. Washburn John I. Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney Webster Patrick Welch George Peabody Wetmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. W'illets Mrs. M. Orme \\'ilson Edmond E. \\'ise Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer John Young Geo. A. Zabriskie William Ziegler, Jr. Annual Members Mrs. T. J. Abbott Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. John Dunbar Adams Mrs. C. R. Agnew Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich Douglas xA-lexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Charles H. Allender Mrs. Frederick Allien William C. Anderson W. H. Andrews Mrs. A. S. Apgar Francis J. Arend W. J. Arkell Mrs. Glover C. Arnold F. L. Atkins Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss James C. Auchincloss Ledyard Avery Mrs. John Stuart Baird G. E. Baldwin W. D. Baldwin Jas. Ballantyne Mrs. T. H. Barber Mrs. James L. Barclay Miss Katherine Barnes Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Mrs. A. Battin Mrs. Lawrence P. Bayne H. W. Becker Otto F. Behrend WilHam F. Beller August Belmont A. D. Bendheim Miss Mary Benson Miss Harriet L. Biddle 257 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK A. Bieschke Miss Mary E. Bissell Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bliss Samuel J. Bloomingdale Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner Miss Edith G. Bowdoin K. R. Boynton Mrs. H. I. Brightman A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Jean Broadhurst Mrs. Irving Brokaw Miss Aneita D. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. J. Hull Browning F. W. Bruggerhof L. Duncan Bulkley William Bunker Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mrs. Martin Burke Wm. J. Burns Irving T. Bush Mrs. N. M. Butler John Butterworth Henry A. Caesar Miss Mary R. Callender Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss I. M. Cammann James Campbell John Canning William T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. George H. Chatillon John Lewis Childs Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. Banyer Clark son Mrs. A. Clayburgh Mrs. Alfred M. Coats C. A. Coffin Frederick A. Cole Miss E. Coleman R. J. Collier George Edward Colon C. S. Cook Mrs. Marin Le Brun Cooper Mrs. Arthur J. Corbett William Cordes F. R. Cordley Mrs. William S. Cowles W. R. Craig F. D. Crane Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford Mrs. Thomas Crimmins James W. Cromwell Miss M. R. Cross ]\Irs. Robert H. Crundon Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. de Forest J. R. De Lamar Warren Delano William Adams Delano 258 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK I William C. De Lanoy Mrs. F. S. Dellenbaugh, Jr. Mrs. J. Lloyd Derby Mrs. C. D. Dickey Miss J. V. Dickinson C. F. Dieterich Francis P. Dodge Otto L. Dommerich S. W. Dommerich Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George William Douglas J. Douglas David Dows Charles A. Draper Dr. W. K. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. Du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight M. Dworetzky Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Edmund Eckart Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Richard Edie, Jr. George Ehret Wm. G. ElHs Abraham Erlanger Alilton S. Erlanger A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel Mrs. Max Farrand James C. Farrell Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson William H. Fischer ^Irs. J. H. Flagler ]\Irs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. W. T. Floyd L. G. Forbes Mrs. R. L. Fowler, Jr. Miss Alice Bleecker Fox Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mrs. L. C. French A. S. Frissell John W. Frothingham Felix Fuld Maurice Fuld Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin Robert A. Gardiner ]\Iiss Florence Gayley Mrs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robert W. Gibson Henry Gleason Arthur Golding Charles Gotthelf G. C. Graves ]\Irs. Clendenen Graydon John Greenough Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith ]\lrs. Chester Griswold, Sr. A. M. Guinzburg Mrs. Victor Guinzburg Mrs. Wm. C. Gulliver Miss Bell Gurnee Miss Edith Haas Daniel S. Hage Mrs. Arnold Hague :Mrs. John H. Hall 259 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Josephine Barnes Hall Miss Virginia Scott Hoyt L. Gordon Hamersley Thomas L. Hughes Miss Elizabeth Stewart Hamilton Thomas Hunt Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh Miss Isobel R. Harding Mrs. F. Denham Harmon Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris Thomas Hastings H. O. Havemeyer T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. T. A. Havemeyer Miss Frances A. L. Haven Mrs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. William Samuel Hawk Mrs. G. J. Helmer Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson Miss H. Maud Henry Mrs. F. W. Herz Mrs. M. E. Hewitt Mrs. Peter C. Hewitt Henry Hicks John M. W. Hicks Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Mrs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Mrs. Newlin Hooper Clarence J. Housman Richard Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt Miss Gertrude L. Hovt Mrs. Archer M. Huntington F. J. Huntington Mrs. George S. Huntington H. E. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huntington J. Chr. G. Hupfel Dr. Lee M. Hurd Henry Hurrell Mrs. Albert E. Hurst Seymour L. Husted, Jr. Frank DeK. Huyler Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde E. Francis Hyde William Inglis Mrs. Richard Irvin Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Leon Israel Francis D. Jackson Martin R. Jacobus Mrs. Walter B. James Miss Mary R. Jay Alfred W. Jenkins Miss Annie B. Jennings Robert E. Jennings Walter Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan John F. Johnston R. M. Johnston Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. S. Beach Jones 260 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Henry I. Judson Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. Robert J. Kahn Mrs. De Lancy Kane Mrs. John Innes Kane Miss Ehzabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller F. W. Kelsey Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy Mrs. John S. Kennedy Clarence Kenyon Mrs. Walter N. Kernan Mrs. W. Kessler Miss Alice Ketellas Mrs. Edward King Frederick R. King Miss Isabella C. King Le Roy King Miss Margaret S. Kingsford Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Miss E. Louise Klots Charles W. Knight Thomas Knight Roland F. Knoedler Miss Edith M. Kohlsatt Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. Dr. George F. Kunz Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Miss Margaret Lawrence George Legg Mrs. Albert A. Levi Joseph Levi Edmund J. Levine Mrs. Louis S. Levy Adolph Lewisohn Mrs. Allan Lexow Paul Lichtenstein Mrs. John R. Livermore Miss Anne P. Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. John G. Livingston John H. Livingston, Jr. Mrs. Samuel Lloyd Mrs. Julius Loewenthal Hugo V. Loewi Frank J. Logan Miss Hilda Loines Mrs.' G. de F. Lord A. Lueder David L. Luke A. A. Macdonald Dr. D. T. MacDougal Kenneth MacKenzie Airs. F. Robert Mager Charles Mallory A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda Mrs. Henry Marquand J. A. Marsh Alexander L. Marshall Robert Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Marston W. J. Matheson Harry O. May R. de L. Mayer Mrs. Theresa Mayer Mrs. D. Hunter McAlpin, Jr. Dr. D. H. McAlpin 261 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK George L. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg Mrs. C. W. McKelvey James McLean B. Frank Mebane Herman W. Merkel jNIiss Bertha V. Merrick Mrs. Payson Merrill Miss Agnes E. Meyer Edwin O. Meyer A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell Mrs. Wm. Mitchell Mrs. E. D. Monod Alphonse Montant Barrington Moore Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. Morgan Mrs. Gerald Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. J. S. Morgan, Jr. Mrs. A. Henry Mosle Miss Christina Muendel Carl Muller J. A. Muller C. W. IMunson William S. Myers George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Truman H. Newberry Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Notman Howard Notman Adolph S. Ochs Elam Ward Olney Miss Annabella S. Olyphant Patrick O'Mara Mrs. Chas. J. Oppenheim Professor H. Fairfield Osborn Miss Bertha Pagenstecher Mrs. Henry Parish, Jr. Miss Gertrude Parsons Herbert Parsons Mrs. J. E. Parsons Adam Paterson T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Charles H. Peck Miss Dorothy Peck Mrs. M. R. Peck Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Edward S. Pegram ]\Irs, Stephen Pell Edmund Pen fold G. Laurence Perkins G. W. Perkins Mrs. Wm. A. Perry Mrs. Theodore Peters Mrs. Alfred Noroton Phillips Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Mrs. Gififord Pinchot Mrs. Frank H. Piatt A. J. Porter Wm. H. Porter A. S. Post Mrs. Frank Hunter Potter George T. Powell Mrs. Charles E. Proctor 262 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer Mrs. N. T. Pulsifer C. F. Quincy H. G. Ramsperger Miss Katherine W. Reid J. Walter Reimels W. H. Remick Mrs. N. C. Reynal Miss Elvine Richard William J. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb G. Theodore Roberts Miss M. M. Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson Edward Robinson Mrs. Edward Robinson Ernest Robinson Miss K. C. Rockwood Mrs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers Mrs. James Gamble Rogers A. J. Rolle Miss M. M. Rooney Mrs. Eloise Roorbach Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Max Rosenberg Mrs. Oscar Rosenthal Mrs. Charles B. Rowland Mrs, James A. Rumrill Walter Clark Runyon Mrs. Justus Ruperti Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Dr. H. H. Rusby Mrs. Henry W. Sackett Isadore Saks Miss Louise Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee John Scheepers Mortimer L. Schiff Rudolph E. Schirmer George Schlegel Max Schling A. H. Scholle Henry Schreiter Miss Marianne Schurz C. W. Scott William Scott Mrs. J. H. Sears Alonzo B. See Jefferson Seligman Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sharpe A. R. Shattuck Mrs. A. R. Shattuck William Shillaber Henry W. Shoemaker William H. Siebrecht Franklin Simon Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Samuel Sloan Thomas Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith W. Hinckle Smith E. G. Snow Airs. Frederick A. Snow L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick W. M. A. Sperling J. E. Spingarn F. L. Stallman J. R. Stanton Frederick T. Stein\vay Robert S. Stephenson Mrs. Benjamin Stern F. Lynde Stetson 263 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Frederic W. Stevens Mrs. John Wood Stewart Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Charles Strauss Louis Strauss Mrs. William Strauss Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Charles Fitch Swan Albert Tag Rush Taggart Mrs. Henry P. Tailer C. A. Tatum Richard E. Thibaut Mrs. Howard L. Thomas J. Thorne Myles Tierney Mrs. Belmont Tiffany Louis C. Tiffany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy F. H. Traendly A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tuttle L. Ulman Alvin Untermyer J\lrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. Frederick S. Van Beuren Mrs. L. E. Van Etten Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen Mrs. James H. Varnum William W. Vert E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. Von Zedlitz Mrs. Gustavus A. Walker John G. Walker Leo Wallerstein M. H. Walsh Harry Wearne Mrs. F. Egerton Webb Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. Francis M. Weld Mrs. F. D. Wells Mrs. John Wells Mrs. Maurice Wertheim Arthur L. Wessell Mrs. Robert E. Westcott Miss Edith Wetmore Mrs. George Peabody Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Lawrence G. White Mrs. Stanford White W. A. White Mrs. Alfred A. Whitman Miss Margaret S. Whitney Miss Theodore Wilbour Dr. Anna Wessels Williams W. P. Willis M. Orme Wilson Chas. A. Wimpfheimer Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. W. Wocher Mrs. C. B. Wood James Wood Mrs. J. Hood Wright Berkley Wyckoff E. Yeandle Miss Annette Young 264 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. A. Murray Young Joseph A. Zanetti Mrs. William H. Young Charles Zoller Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie A. C. Zvolanek Associate Members Frederick Hitchman S. G. Milosy Owen A. Hunwick Frederick Schultz Robert Jones William R. Seymour Chas. Milburn J. P. Sorenson 265 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON PATRICK O'MARA E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN GEO. T. POWELL GEO. N. MILLER JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS' T. A. HAVEMEYER GEORGE T. POWELL N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JULIUS ROEHRS ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN E. LAGER E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING J. A. MANDA JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL GEORGE V. NASH G. E. M. STUMPP M. C EBEL F. R. NEWBOLD J. H. TROY E. FARDEL PATRICK O'MARA Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. RICHARD IRVIN MISS EDITH WETMORE Journal of tl^e ^horticultural ©octetpof J^eto J^orfe Vol. II, No. 18 i^m^^m AUGUST, 1918 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page French Fruit Tree Fund of the Horticultural Society of New York. Supple- mentary Report of the Committee 267 Annual Fall Exhibition 272 June Exhibition 274 Gladiolus Exhibition 275 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY I^ANCASTER, PA. CI' a: < 3(ournal of ti^e Horticultural ^ocietj? of jBteto ©orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol. II, No. 1 8 qSv august, 1918 By subscriptio^^l?.;"orve/r FRENCH FRUIT TREE FUND OF THE HOR- TICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Supplementary Report of the Committee Very shortly after the first report, printed m the issue of this Journal for February, 1918, and shortly after the German drive in France started, the following cable was received from Mrs. Lathrop from Paris : "Recent events explain our inactivity. Your commission stopped. Fortunately money safe. Writing." (Signed) Lathrop." Some three weeks later the following letter from Airs. Forest was received. She had been working at the Gare du Nord for the American Fund for French Wounded. American Fund for French Wounded, Alcazar D'Ete, Champs-Elysees, Paris, France. April 19th, 1918. My Dear Mr. Nezvbold: To you, so far from the battle front, it must seem that we have entirely overlooked the work that we undertook to do for you and for difTerent Clubs and Societies interested with you. The delay has not been with us and we have not forgotten for a mo- 267 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ment, and it has been a very great disappointment to me personally that, for the moment, this work has to be laid aside. All that stretch of country that we had thought to work and make once again productive is, also, being fought over as it was fought over in the beginning of the war. ]\Irs. Lathrop and I have congratu- lated each other that work there has not actually been commenced, for it would in that case have been time and money wasted, as time and money have been wasted in a reconstructive work in other sections of the country. As it is, the money is safe in the bank and we are holding ourselves in readiness to do whatever you may wish us to do when conditions will permit. I think that it may interest you to know what I did do, while it was still uncertain whether we could carry on your work this spring, and with that work in mind. I went into parts of France where travel is permitted at present (and it is with difficulty that one may get necessary papers for ajiy part of France these days) and visited more than fifty farms, many orchards and vineyards. I met and talked with some of the most prominent agriculturists in France and was not only highly entertained myself, but suc- ceeded in arousing much interest in some American ways. I really was astonished to find out how we lead in certain depart- ments of agriculture, and also with eagerness landowners are looking for any suggestions that will help them to better condi- tions. Some of these men, I feel sure, will never forget what I told them about hog raising, or how we feel in America about having a window for each animal in a building. In Perigord these men are talking of making plans for an agricultural school as soon as the war is over. The newspapers, no doubt, have kept you rather well informed as to what is going on here and no one, however blase, could think life in Paris dull these days. Just to manage to keep on living is an interesting occupation, day and night, between air-raids and bombardments. I am sure, too, that you will be interested to hear something of the work that the American Fund for French Wounded has been doing, under our far-seeing leader, Mrs. Lathrop, in the emergencies of the day. The wounded have been coming from the front in terrifying 268 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK numbers and the calls for hospital supplies are also coming from every quarter of France. These appeals are being taken care of. That means a constant application of the workers and certainly a strain on brain and nerves on the one who holds the lines, as it were, over the whole working team. We are a bit proud of our driver over here. xA-nd then came news of the evacuation of northern villages. Without any loss of time supplies and workers were rushed to the Gare du Nord to meet the trains that have been coming in ever since, loaded down with refugees. It has been one long proces- sion of suffering humanity, and I know I felt, after my first night's work among them, as if I could never smile again. These people have been hustled out of their homes, many of them for the second time, and onto crowded trains to go — they know not where. A few cherished belongings are usually clutched inside weary arms — more often a small dog or the family cat or a cage of bewildered song birds. It may be a glass domed arrangement of ancestral hair; the family Bible or a blossoming plant. Not much value in these things, as money is counted, but they are dear to the hearts of the people. They are old, old men and women, helping each other along the way ; there are weary mothers and little yoimg mothers, and sick children; hurt children and even lost children. Some have come in so weary and overtaxed that they have died there ; babies have been born there ; families have been reunited there, and every emotion of the human heart has been enacted there before our eyes, and this is going on, hour after hour, day and night, and there seemed no end in sight. Within a few days I am going into the country that we had hoped to see blossoming with your trees. I shall run a dispensary and work among the refugees, and, also, among the American wounded. Let us hope that this work is not to last very long and that we can, at least, make a beginning in the work we are both so interested in. It will be a great pleasure to hear from you at any time and to carry out your wishes as minutely and as soon as possible. I appreciate the honor of being a corresponding member of your Society. Mrs. Lathrop, I know, sent a cable to you as soon as it was- •perfectly evident that your work had to be laid aside for the mo- 269 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK inent. She suggested that I write you and joins me in regrets and in best wishes for future work. Most sincerely yours, (Signed) Mrs. Mortimer Forest. Mrs. Forest is now in charge of one of the dispensaries estab- lished by the American Fund for French Wounded. The Horticultural Society of New York and the New York Florists' Club have presented three Ford motors to the American Fund for French Wounded for the work in connection with the hospitals and dispensaries. These motors have arrived in France, and are now being used for the above purpose. At the June meeting of the Board of Directors of the Horti- cultural Society of New York this same committee was author- ized to solicit subscriptions to a fund for the maintenance of these motors to help ]\Irs. Forest and her assistants to carry on this work in aid of humanity. The cost of maintenance for one of these motors for one month is now about $125. Any donation sent to the treasurer will be gratefully acknowledged. The following letter, printed by the kind permission of the American Fund for French Wounded, was written by Miss Hooker. The Capt. Boyer referred to therein is the Red Cross Commander of the Civil Zone where Mrs. Forest, Miss Hooker, and the Misses Helen and Sarah Farwell are doing their wonder- ful work. " Somewhere in France. June 21, 1918. Things have been happening thick and fast and I shall always thank my lucky star that I was on the spot when they started. We were living our busy little lives in sleepy , believing we were very much in the war zone, because the trenches were only a few miles away, and we could hear the guns going all day ; and nearly every day a boche plane or two flew over our heads. We were very busy there and feeling very useful, Mrs. Forest, Helen & I. A telegram came from the Fund for us to go down in the American section to look for a missing soldier. It meant going from town to town to find the hospitals and we finally got track 270 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK of the boy, and we came back after an all days trip, feeling very tired, dirty and dusty. When we reached home things began to happen, for though we did not know it, the big drive had started again in this region, and we found a most urgent telegram from Captain Boyer (Red Cross Zone commander), telling us to come immediately to . It had been sent in the morning. We for- got all about being tired in the hurry to get off and left again an hour after we had returned, leaving most of our posses- sions, which we hope will be safe, if we ever get back before they start the offensive in that region. We left at seven and drove all night, over roads we had never heard of before, without lights. I kept Helen busy leaping out to read the signs. One road we got on we discovered had a series of signs reading: "Route interdite," "Danger de Morte," etc. We must have got on the road to Rheims ; the only thing to do was to keep on till the signs stopped, which they eventually did. We could hear the firing all the time, but fortunately nothing came our way. We finally came into sight of about 3 130 in the morning just in time for their fourth air raid that night. We went on into the town and were treated to two more before morn- ing. Things were in a dreadful way there ; Helen immediately went on out to the hospital. She has been perfectly splendid. I can't describe that hospital with its thousands of wounded coming in all the time, and only four French surgeons to care for them. We all pitched in and did what we could, but we altogether were only a handful, and there were so many of them. When they began shelling the town, they evacuated that hos- pital to , and Helen went on down there with them to work. Sarah is there too now ; she turned up one morning when we had almost given up hope of her finding us. I was most anxious to go too, but driving seemed to be my job and they kept me at that. Mrs. Forest and I stayed on in until we were almost the last civilians in the place. It was pretty heavily shelled every day, several times a day, and as long as I live I shall never forget the whistle of those shells as they came over our heads. My job seemd to be to go after the refu- gees in a town before it was shelled. Captain Boyer has been most thoughtful, and while we were in , as my car was the 271 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK only one remaining out of all the fleet, he had me drive him on his rounds for several days, and it was most interesting, as he is the Red Cross Commander in this zone, and has to cover a great deal of territory every day. These trips took us of course quite near the lines, and I've seen some things I can never forget." Capt. Boyer on his return to Paris immediately came to the Alcazar, to testify to the great courage, competence and skill of Miss Hooker, the writer of the above letter, who repeatedly took him up into the lines, under heavy artillery fire, wherever his important service called him. Under date of August 27th the following cable was received : "Three beautiful cars just arrived. Organization sends en- thusiastic thanks and hopes donors will realize these have come at moment when pioneer motors refused to go step further. We unite in grateful thanks and will write. (Signed) Lathrop." Respectfully submitted, N. L. Britton, Chairman, T. A. Havemeyer, F. R. Newbold, Committee. ANNUAL FALL EXHIBITION At the meeting of the Board of Directors in August it was decided to hold the usual Fall Exhibition at the American Museum of National History. Even under war conditions British and F"rench horticultural societies have continued their work, and we feel it our duty as a society to retain public interest in plants and flowers and to contribute to the pleasure and comfort to be derived from them. The Board of Directors felt that this could best be accomplished by holding as usual our Fall Exhibition which has become an event looked forward to by thousands of people, as manifested by the large attendance, aggregating over 160,000 last fall. This year our soldier and sailor boys are with us, and it is 272 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK hoped that each member of the society will make it a matter of special effort to bring to the flower show as many soldiers and sailors as possible. Those who have been across will thus have an opportunity of seeing some of the beautiful side of life again as expressed by flowers, and those who are to go across can carry with them the memory of these beautiful things. There is ample space for parking in the neighborhood of the American Aluseum of Natural History, so that motor parties may be arranged. The exhibition is entirely free to the public and will be open on Friday and Saturday, November 8 and 9, from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., and from 7 to 10 P.M., and on Sunday, the tenth, from i to 5 P.M. The American ]\luseum of Natural History, located on 77th Street, between Central Park West and Columbus Avenue, may be reached readily by the Broadway Subway, the nearest express station being at 72d Street; the local trains also stop at 79th Street; each station is about equal distance from the Museum. Visitors may also use the Sixth Avenue Elevated, the nearest station being at 8ist Street. Eighth Avenue and Columbus Avenue surface care also pass within a half block of the main entrance. To indicate the society's interest in war gardens and their products, a special feature of fruits and vegetables has been made this year in the premium-list, and it is hoped that many will show their interest in this by making exhibits. Prizes are offered for fresh fruits and vegetables and for those preserved in glass jars. The premiums offered for fruit and vegetables are as follows : VEGETABLES Open to All Largest and best collection of Fresh Vegetables, not less than twenty kinds, arranged for eflfect $50.00 $35-00 For Non-Commercial Growers Collection of Fresh Vegetables, twelve kinds, arranged for effect 25.00 IS-OO Collection of Vegetables, preserved in glass jars 15.00 10.00 273 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FRUIT For Non-Commercial Growers Largest and best collection of Fresh Fruit, out-door grown 15.00 10.00 Two bunches of White Grapes 10.00 5.00 Two bunches of Black Grapes 10.00 5.00 Two Melons ... 500 3.00 Collection of Fruit, preserved in glass jars 15.00 10.00 Premiums are also offered for chrysanthemums, both plants and cut flowers, cut roses and carnations, foliage and decorative plants, and orchids, both plants and cut flowers. Schedules, giving the premiums oft'ered in detail, are now ready for distribution, and will be sent on application to the secretary, George V. Nash, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City. The treasurer has been authorized to solicit contributions to a special fund to defray the prizes and other expenses connected with this exhibition. Any one desiring to contribute to this fund will please send remittance to the treasurer, Mr. Frederic R. New- bold, Poughkeepsie, N. Y, JUNE EXHIBITION An exhibition was held on Saturday and Sunday, June 15 and 16, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, in the Museum building of that institution. The prizes offered were mainly for peonies and roses, although flowers of shrubs and trees and herbaceous plants were included in the premium-list. The premiums were offered by the New York Botanical Garden from the income of the William R. Sands Fund. The peony classes were open to all. The Cedar Hill Nursery, Glen Head, N. Y., received first prizes for three blooms each of light pink, rose, and crimson peonies, and also first prize for a collection of singles. The first prize for a vase of peonies, ar- ranged for effect, was won by Mr. James Linane, Pelham Manor, N. Y. 274 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The rose classes were also open to all. For a vase of hybrid perpetual roses, arranged for effect, Mr. Linane was awarded first prize. A collection of rambler roses brought the first prize to Mr. William Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener. In the classes for shrubs and trees, open to all, the Cedar Hill Nursery won the first prize, Mr. Linane the second. The following special prizes were awarded : Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J., for collections of hardy plants, Delphinium, climbing roses, and hardy hybrid tea roses, cash; Mr. Chas. H. Totty, Madison, N. J., group of Delphinium seedlings; silver medal. The New York Botanical Garden made an exhibit of about two hundred kinds of roses from the rose garden being developed in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden. Collections of the flowers of trees and shrubs and of herbaceous plants were also exhibited by that institution. The judges were James Stuart and J. A. ]\Ianda. GLADIOLUS EXHIBITION A Gladiolus Exhibition was held on Saturday and Sunday, August 24 and 25, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, in the Museum building of that institution. The premiums were offered by the New York Botanical Garden from the income of the William R. Sands Fund. In the open to all classes, John Lewis Childs, Flowerfield, N. Y., took the first prize for the largest and best collection. For the twelve best varieties, three flowers of each, Cedai Hill Nursery received the first, John Lewis Childs the second. The Cedar Hill Nursery was also the winner of the first prize and John Lewis Childs of the second, in the following classes : Best vase of white, twenty-five spikes, and best vase of pink, twenty- five spikes. For the best vase of red, twenty-five spikes, these prizes winners were reversed. For the best vase of any other color, twenty-five spikes, the Cedar Hill Nursery won first, John 275 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Lewis Childs second. For a center piece for the table, John Lewis Childs was awarded first prize. In the non-commercial classes, Mrs. Payne Whitney, Man- hasset, X. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, won first prize for six varieties, three spikes of each. She also won first prizes for six spikes of each of white, pink, red, and any other color. The first prize was also awarded to ^Mrs. Whitney for a collection of twelve annuals. The following special prizes were awarded : John Scheepers & Co., Inc., 2 Stone St., N. Y. City, collection of gladioli, silver medal; Mrs. Payne Whitney, collection of fancy caladiums, cer- tificate of merit, collection of gladioli, cash, vase of Bnddleia variabilis, cash ; Mills & Co., Mamaroneck, N. Y., collection of dahlias, bronze medal, collection of gladioli, cash. The judges were Emile Fardel, John H. Troy, and James Stuart. 276 I OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN E. LAGER ' JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH J. H. TROY E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR^ MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ournal of tJ)C horticultural S>ocietp of #etD ^orfe cr 1 TT TVT 10 ^^^m^AMt^s^^ NOVEMBER, Vol. II, No. 19 S^^^OT^^^ ^^^^^^ 1918 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page e Dahlia Exhibition 277 le Fall Exhibition 378 »t of Contributors to the Fall Show Fund 284 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e l^ortirullural ^octetp of J^eto ^orfe INCORPORATED 1 902 VftI U Nn IQ 'ssued MOVF/VVRFR IQIR Free to Members VUl. II, l^U. ir» Quarterly I^UVC/TIDCIV, 1:710 By subscription $1.00 per year THE DAHLIA EXHIBITION A Dahlia Exhibition was held September 21 and 22, 1918, in the Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, in coopera- tion with that institution. The premiums were offered by the New York Botanical Garden, from the income of the William B. Sands Fund, to be awarded by the Exhibition Committee of the Horticultural Society of New York. Prizes, first, second, and third, were provided for classes open to all and for non-commer- cial growers, in all fifteen classes. In the open-to-all classes there was one for the largest and best collection, not less than six types, and others for twelve blooms each of cactus, peony-flowered, decorative, show or fancy, pompon, and single or collarette; also one for a piece arranged for effect. These prizes were repeated for the non-commercial growers, except that the collection re- quired only four types, and the number of blooms in the others was reduced to eight. In the open-to-all classes there were three entries for the largest and best collection, not less than six types, flowers on short stems. In this class Afr. C. Louis Ailing, of West Haven, Ct., was awarded first prize. Air. A. E. Doty, of New Haven, Ct., second, and Mills & Co., of Mamaroneck, N. Y., third. A vase of twelve cactus gave the first prize to Air. Doty, Alills & Co. winning the second. Alills & Co. were the first-prize winners in the class for a vase of twelve peony-flowered. Air. Doty securing the second prize, and Air. Ailing the third. In the class for a vase of twelve decorative, Alills & Co. were again the winners of the first prize; 277 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. Doty secured the second, and Mr. Ailing the third. Mr. Doty won first for a vase of twelve show or fancy, Mills & Co. second, and Mr. Ailing third. For a vase of twelve pompon Mr. Ailing won first. Mills & Co. second, and Mr. Doty third. The first prize was won by Mills & Co. for a vase of twelve single or collarette ; Mr. Ailing took the second in this class, and Mr. Doty the third. In the class of a vase arranged for effect the entries, in the judgment of the judges, were not of sufficient merit, so the prizes were not awarded. There was much better competition in the classes open to all than in those for non-commercial growers. In the latter classes Mr. Thos. P. Hollingsworth, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., received third prize for a vase of eight peony-flowered, and also the same prize for a vase of eight decorative. A vase of eight show or fancy gave the first prize to Mrs. Frederick Allen, of Pelham Manor, N. Y., James Linane, gardener, the second going to Mr. Hollingsworth. Mrs. Allen also won first for a vase of eight pompons, Mr. Hollingsworth second, and in the class for eight single or collarette they were also competitors, with the same result. The following special prizes were awarded: Mr. Hollings- worth, for a display of asters, cash ; Herman Reindfleish, for a new peony-flowered seedling, no. 12, honorable mention; Mr. F. P. Quinby, of White Plains, N. Y., for yellow decorative seedling no. 500, certificate of merit; John Scheepers, Inc., for ever- bearing raspberry, silver medal ; Mrs. Chas. H. Stout, Short Hills, N. J., for seedling of Sunshine, honorable mention, for vase of Gertrude, certificate of merit ; John Lewis Childs, Flower- field, N. Y., for a vase of Attraction and for a vase of Queen of Autumn, cash. The judges were Emile Fardel, David Ridpath, and James Stuart. THE FALL EXHIBITION The Annual Fall Exhibition of the society was held November 7 to 10 at the American Museum of Natural History. It opened on the evening of Thursday with a private view, from 7 to 10, to the members of the Society, of the American Museum of 278 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Natural History, and of the affiliated organizations. It was open free to the public on Friday and Saturday from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. and from 7 to 10 P.M., and on Sunday from i to 5 P.M. In view of the unfavorable conditions prevailing, the shortage of labor and the embargo on coal necessitating the closing of many private places, the size and quality of the exhibits was a surprise, justifying the decision of the Board of Directors to hold the exhibition this fall as usual. The entries were about 40 per cent, of those of the previous year, while the percentage of ex- hibitors was about 70. The calls upon the people for war work interfered with the attendance, it being much less than in previous years. The exhibition was confined to the foyer and to the north and west wings. The bush chrysanthemum plants were placed, as usual, in the foyer. In the north wing were the orchids, and in the west wing the cut chrysanthemum blooms, the roses and carna- tions, the decorative and foliage plants, and the exhibits of vegetables and fruits. The cut blooms were arranged on tables in the center and scattered in the alcoves ; the fruits and vege- tables were displayed on tables in the alcoves. In addition to the usual premiums prizes were also offered this year for yegetables and fruits. The great color masses of the fine collection of bush chrysan- themum plants held the attention on entering the foyer. These were exhibited by the late Capt. J. R. De Lamar, of Glen Cove, N. Y., whose gardener is Robert Marshall. This group of fine- grown plants reflected great credit upon those concerned in their production. There were eleven of them in all; the group is shown in the accompanying illustration. Of these, seven were dome-shaped plants, one fan-shaped, one standard, one column, and one pagoda-shaped of three tiers; an illustration of the last is here shown. The pagoda-shaped plant was unusual in its con- struction, being three mound-shaped plants of Mrs. R. H. Pear- son arranged in tiers, with short cylinders of the same chrysanthe- mum separating the tiers. It was most striking in its effect, the plants exceptionally well grown ; it was awarded a special prize of a gold medal by the exhibition committee. 279 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. R. H. Pearson was the chrysanthemum used in the pro- duction of the two yellow mound-shaped plants ; Miss Elvia Scoville was employed in one of the white mound-shaped plants, while Lady Lydia was used in the other; the pink mound-shaped plant was Wells' Late Pink; another mound-shaped plant was of the bronze Greycourt ; for the Anemone bush plant Emma was used; the standard and the column were yellow, both of Mrs. R. H. Pearson. This group of eleven plants won the Society's silver cup valued at one hundred dollars. The orchid display was not as extensive as usual, owing largely to the closing of private places. There was, however, a good exhibit of this attractive and popular flower which always appeals to the public. Especially noteworthy was the large display of cut bloows of Cypripediwn insigne Sanderae, some three hundred flowers, made by Mr. J. A. Manda, of West Orange, N. J. These were tastefully arranged with appropriate greens, and the delicate harmony of pale green and white was very pleasing. The com- petitive exhibit of Messrs. Lager & Hurrell, of Summit, N. J„ contained many valuable and rare plants. There was also a display of orchids by the Julius Roehrs Co., of Rutherford, N. J., but not for competition. While the quantity of cut chrysanthemum blooms was less than last year, especially in the large show types, the quality was excellent. There were few cut roses and carnations. A new rose "Premier" was exhibited by Mr. C. H. Totty, of Madison, N. J., and was awarded a silver medal. There were three groups of vegetables, arranged for effect; these attracted much attention. Perhaps the exhibit which attracted the most attention was that made by Mrs. Geo. D. Pratt of the products of the Glen Cove Dehydrating Kitchen. Mrs. Pratt personally installed the ex- hibit, and was present a large part of the time explaining it to a greatly interested and appreciative audience. The display com- prised dehydrated vegetables and fruits in glass jars; and also the method of preserving these in paraffin-lined paper bags. There was always an attentive group about this exhibit, which was of a distinct educational value. The exhibition committee awarded it a special prize of a silver medal. 280 JOURN. HORT. Soc. N. Y. Vol. II, Plate 44. Fall Exhibition of 1918. Pagoda Chrysanthemum Plant, exhibited by the late Capt. J. R. De Lamar. I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The large group of chrysanthemum plants exhibited by the late Capt. De Lamar has already been referred to. He received the first prize for the following specimen bushes : yellow, Mrs. R. H. Pearson ; white, Miss Elvia Scoville ; pink, Wells' Late Pink ; any other color, Greystone ; anemone, Emma. The first prize was also awarded to him for a standard plant of Mrs. R. H. Pearson; the second prize went to Mr. Peter Hauck, Jr., of East Orange, N, J., Max Schneider, gardener. For a specimen, odd-shaped, Capt. De Lamar received the first prize for a fan- shaped plant of Lady Lydia. Mr. C. H. Totty won first prizes for the following in the com- mercial classes for chrysanthemums : a vase of twenty blooms ; a collection of twenty-five varieties, one of each variety, stems not over fifteen inches long; a collection of pompons, twenty-five varieties ; a collection of singles, twenty-five varieties. In the non-commercial classes for cut chrysanthemum blooms were the following prize winners : For six white: Mr. Percy Chubb, Glen Cove, N. Y., Robt. Jones, gardener, first; Capt. J. R. De Lamar, second. For six pink : Mr. Chubb, first. For six yellow : Mr. Chubb, first. For six any other color: Mr. Chubb, first; Capt. J. R. De Lamar second. For twelve vases, in twelve varieties, three blooms of each, stems eighteen inches long: Mr. Chubb, first. For six vases, in six varieties, three blooms of each, stems eighteen inches long: Mr. Chubb, first. For a collection of twelve varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long: Mr. Chubb, first. For a collection of six varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long: Mr. D. E. Oppenheimer, Yonkers, N. Y., A. Mac- donald, gardener, first; this class was restricted to growers with not over 2,500 square feet of glass. For a collection of singles, twelve varieties : Mrs. Payne Whitney, Manhasset, N. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, first; Mr. Thomas R. Hoyt, Stamford, Ct., Jas. Foster, gardener, second. For a collection of twelve pom- pons, twelve varieties: Mrs. Whitney, first. For a collection of twelve anemones : Mrs. Whitney, first. The competition for dinner table decorations was on Saturday. The table was to be set for eight persons, the flowers to be re- 281 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK stricted to chrysanthemums, and any appropriate fohage to be allowed. Mrs. Whitney won the first prize. The exhibits of roses in the commercial classes was very light. Mr. C. H. Totty won first for a vase of light or flesh pink. For a new variety, not in commerce, he was awarded the silver medal for "Premier." In the non-commercial rose classes the following awards were made: For eighteen red: Mrs. Louisa U. Skidmore, Great Neck, N. Y., Louis Piantin, gardener, first; Mrs. J. Hood Wright, New York City, Chas. Thomas, gardener, second. For eighteen deep pink: Mrs. Skidmore, first. For eighteen light or flesh pink: Mrs. Skidmore, first; Mrs. J. Hood Wright, second. For eigh- teen any other color: Mrs. Skidmore, first; Mr. Oppenheimer, second. The premiums ofifered for carnations were all in the non- commercial classes. The prize winners were : For eighteen white : Sidney ]\L and Austen Colgate, Orange, N. J., Wm. Reid, gardener, first ; Mr. J. B. Cobb, Stamford, Ct., A. Alius, gardener, second. For eighteen Enchantress shade : Mr. Cobb, first; Mrs. Whitney, second. For eighteen Winsor shade: Mrs. Whitney, first. For eighteen Lawson shade: Mr. Cobb, first. For eighteen scarlet : Mr. Cobb, first. For eighteen crimson : Mrs. Whitney, first. For eighteen yellow : Mrs, Whit- ney, first. For eighteen variegated : Mr. Cobb, first ; Mrs. Whitney, second. For new plants, not yet in commerce, there were three entries of orchids. The silver medal was awarded to Epidendrum con- spicimm, exhibited by Alessrs. Lager & Hurrell, of Summit, N. J. For a collection of orchids, not less than twenty-five species and varieties, covering fifty square feet of table space, Messrs. Lager & Hurrell were awarded the first prize. In the classes for vegetables and fruits the following awards were made : For a collection of fresh vegetables, not less than twenty kinds, arranged for effect: Mrs. Whitney, first. For a collection of fresh vegetables, twelve kinds, arranged for effect: Miss M. Valentine, New Canaan, Ct., A. V. Carver, gardener, first; Mrs. C. I. Hudson, East Norwich, N. Y., John Thomson, gardener, 282 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK second. For two bunches of black grapes : Mr. Chas. Stewart Smith, Stamford, Ct., A. Peterson, gardener, first. The judges of the competitive exhibits were: Walter Angus, Taconic, Ct. ; W. H. Waite, Rumson, N. J. ; Wm. Robertson, Jenkintown, Pa.; Alex. Robertson, Montclair, N. J. The following special prizes were awarded: W. A. ]\Ianda, South Orange, N. J. : for a collection of varie- ties of Tradescantia, silver medal ; for a plant of Fourcroya Watsoni, silver medal ; for miscellaneous exhibits, cash Mrs. Payne Whitney : for a vase of Salvia leucantha, vote of thanks. Mrs. Geo. D. Pratt. Glen Cove Dehydrating Kitchen : for ex- hibit of dehydrated vegetables and fruits, silver medal. Mr. Howard Phipps, Westbury, N. Y., L. J. Muller, gardener, for a collection of chrysanthemum seedlings, cash. Mrs. H. W. Chapin, Flushing, N. Y. : for display of hardy chrysanthemums, cash. Mrs. Frederick Allen: for collection of cut Dahlia blooms, cash. Mr. E. H. Wells, Montclair, N. J.: for single pink seedling chrysanthemum, honorable mention. Mrs. C. I. Hudson : for six onions " Invincible," cash. Capt. J. R. De Lamar: 'for pagoda-shaped chrysanthemum plant, gold medal; for three bush chrysanthemum plants, cash; for display of apples, pears, and grapes, cash. John Scheepers, Inc. : for bed of winter-flowering begonias, cash ; for everbearing raspberry " La France," certificate of merit. Mr. Theo. R. Hoyt, for plant of Cypripedium, cash. Mr. J. A. ]Manda, West Orange, N. J. : for display of cut blooms of Cypripedium insigne Sandcrae, gold medal ; for Cypri- pedium Sgt. Manda, silver medal. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J.: for collection of orchids, cash. The Silver Achievement Medal ofifered by the Garden Maga- zine was awarded to Mrs. Payne Whitney for the group of vege- tables exhibited by her in Class V-i, which called for the largest and best collection of fresh vegetables, not less than twenty kinds, arranged for effect. The award was made by ]\rrs. Geo. D. Pratt and Mr. F. R. Newbold. 283 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The large silver medal ofifered by Viscount Ishii, the Japanese Ambassador, was awarded to the group of bush chrysanthemum plants exhibited by the late Capt. J. R. De Lamar. The following persons contributed to the special fund, the raising of which by the treasurer was authorized by the Board of Directors, for the defraying of prizes and other expenses con- nected with the fall exhibition: Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mr. Geo. E. Colon Mrs. F, A. Constable Mrs. Copeland Cottage Gardens, Inc. Mr. Jas W. Cromwell Mr. k. W. de Forest Mrs. Geo. Wm. Douglas Mr. H. F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. Dwight Mr. A. F. Estabrook Miss Susan D. Griffiths Mr. E. S. Harkness Mr. T. A. Havemeyer IMr. Rich. M. Hoe. Mrs. A. E. Hurst Mr. Adrian Iselin Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Mr. Wm. E. Iselin Mrs. Arthur C. James Mrs. Walter B. James Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald Mr. William J. Matheson Mr. Clement Moore Mr. J. P. Morgan Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Mr. Howard Notman Mr. Henry F. Osborn Mr. E. S. Pegram Mr. Edmund Penfold Mr. George T. Powell Mrs. George D. Pratt Mrs. John A. Roebling Mr. Mortimer Schiff Mr. Pierre J. Smith Mr. Lispenard Stewart Mr. Rush Taggart ]\Irs. H. L. Thomas Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson Mrs. E, H. Van Ingen Mrs. W. Seward Webb Mrs. Payne Whitney Mr. Charles Zoller At the close of the exhibition, through the generosity of the late Capt. De Lamar, the plants exhibited by him were given for distribution to the United States Army and Navy Hospitals. The distribution was effected by the National League for Women's Service. 284 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON L S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN K LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH J. H. TROY E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MISS EDITH WETMORE 3ournal of t^t Jlortttultural S>ocietpof i^eto J9orfe Vol. II, No. 20 ^ff^m ^E^^UARY, 1919 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page Dahlias and their Culture, with one plate and three figures. By Marshall A. Howe 285 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. JOURN. HORT. Soc. N. Y. Vol. II, Plate 45. The Six Principal Types of Dahlias, i. Decorative (Hortulanus Fiet). 2. Show (Dreer's White). 3. Collarette (Rosette, courtesy of Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia). 4. Cactus (Marguerite Bouchon). 5. Single (White Lady). 6. Paeony (Caecilia). 3(ournal of ti^e Hortttultural ^octetp of jBteto ^orfe INCORPOKATEn I902 Vnl n Nn 70 '*s"^<' FFRRllARY IQIQ Free to Members VUl. ll,nu. ^U Quarterly rCDIVU/ilVl, 1 iJ 1 iJ By sabscription $1.00 per year DAHLIAS AND THEIR CULTURE The dahlia, as is well known to most of the readers of this Journal, is a plant that in the last few decades has had a marvel- ous development and has made remarkable strides in winning popular favor. When any one is heard to remark that he doesn't like dahlias, it is usually found on inquiry that such a person is thinking of the kinds that were in vogue thirty or forty years ago, mostly kinds with stiff, formal, ball-shaped flowers. The present increasing popularity of dahlias is apparently due to the ease with which they may be grown, to the wondrous variety and beauty of their flowers, both as to form and color, and to the fact that under favorable conditions the earlier and freer-flowering varieties may be depended upon to furnish flowers for a period of three months, from the middle of July to the killing frosts of October or November. They are, however, essentially autumn- flowering plants and are at their best in September and October. The chief failings of dahlias, if failings they are, would seem to be the lack of perfume in the flowers and the fact that the roots must ordinarily be brought in for the winter and put out again in the spring. In this connection it is to be remarked that varie- ties whose flowers sometimes at least exhale an agreeable odor have appeared upon the market, and that in California and other mild-climed regions the roots are often left in the ground through- out the year without other disadvantages than a needless waste of roots and a possible over-crowding of roots and stalks after the first season. 28s THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK That there are many different varieties of dahlias now in cultivation in the United States is a fact that impresses itself with much force upon a visitor at one of the dahlia shows now held every autumn in New York, Boston, New Haven, San Francisco, and other centers of dahlia interest. Professor F. H. Hall, of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, has recently stated* that he has compiled a list of 6,500 names of cultivated varieties, taking only those found in the catalogues of xA.merican dealers. It has naturally happened that certain readily suggested names, such, for example, as America, Bride, Dainty, Dorothy, x^riel, and Gen. Pershing, have been applied more than once. On the other hand two names have sometimes been given to one thing, and distinctive trade names have been given to varieties that are so near alike that they can be distinguished with much difficulty. Yet the fact remains that several thousand perfectly distinct varieties of dahlias are in cultivation in the United States at the present time. Origin Dahlias are plants of American origin. It is believed that the first known record of anything that can be recognized as a dahlia occurs in Hernandez't volume on the natural history of Mexico, published in 165 1. A brief description of the plant known to some of the Mexicans as acocotli is there given, together with two sketches, one of which is reproduced herewith. From that time until 1789, scarcely anything appears to have been added to the literature of the dahlia. In 1789 the Director of the Mexican Botanic Garden sent seeds of wild plants to the Abbe Cavanilles, Director of the Royal Gardens in Madrid, and that was the beginning of the cultivated dahlias of Europe and the United States. This Spanish botanist in 1791 named the plants Dahlia, in honor of a well-known Swedish botanist, Andreas Dahl. The *The New Country Life, 32: 27-40. 1917 [Illust.l. To Professor Hall's article the present writer is much indebted and to it the reader is referred for a more extended treatment of the subject. See also paper by F. H. Hall on "Dahlias and their Culture," Circular No. 43. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. 30 N 191 5 (reprinted in Ann. Rep. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. 34: 672- 695. 1916). t P. 31, in Hernandez' Nova Plantarum, Animalium et Mineralium Mexicanorum. 286 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK first form that he named he called Dahlia pinnata because its leaves were pinnate or feathery; this (see Fig. 2) had semi- double flowers, with the rays in four or five rows. Three years later he named two more forms, or species as he believed them to be, both with " single " flowers, calling one Dahlia rosea, because Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. I. The first known published figure of a dahha. One of the figures published by Hernandez in 1651, under the Mexican name acocotli. Fig. 2. Dahlia pinnata Cav. The first dahha described and figured under the name Dahlia. Copy of a part of the original figure, one half the natural size, from Cavanilles, Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum, etc., vol. I, plate 80; Madrid, 1791. This historic type of the genus Dahlia, like the Hernandez acocotli, evidently belongs in the modern duplex class. its flowers were rose-colored ; "and another one D. coccinea, be- cause its flowers were scarlet. But so many sports and varia- tions soon appeared that botanists found it convenient to lump all the knowni forms together and to call the whole thing Dahlia 287 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK variabilis, for variable it certainly was. Though the flowers of the first-known forms were single or semi-double, some of their progeny soon began to throw double flowers, and these double- flowered forms became increasingly popular. By 1826 there were sixty varieties under cultivation by the Royal Horticultural Society of England, and by 1841 one .English dealer is said to have listed 1,200 varieties, all supposed to have descended from the Mexican stock, mostly single-flowered, that had entered Europe by way of Madrid. In America, the general catalogue of George C. Thorburn, pub- lished in New York in 1838, offered a choice selection of twenty- five double dahlias for $20 and stated that a special " catalogue of double dahlias is published annually, in March, including all the newest and finest in England." Furthermore, in this Thor- burn catalogue of 1838, we find that "In the dahlia season (last week of September), ladies and admirers of that favourite flower are invited to witness the annual show, which this season will be surpassingly varied and splendid." Relationships The dahlia belongs to the family Compositae (or Carduaceae, as the family is now sometimes known) and is a close relative of our native species of Coreopsis and Bidcns ("beggar-ticks") and our cultivated Cosmos. What we commonly call the flower is l)otanically, as also in the sunflower, a flower-cluster or head, made uj) of numerous closely aggregated flowers, which are often of two or more kinds. In the so-called single dahlias, a few outer flowers of the cluster have broad flat conspicuous expanded corollas, the rays (popularly but not botanically the "petals"), while the inner or disc flowers, including most of the flowers of the cluster, have small inconspicuous, tubular corollas. Classes Growers and exhibitors of dahlias recognize several different classes or groups of dahlias, based upon the form and other characters of the "flower" or head. The extremes of form are very pronounced and it is usually easy to say into what class a flower is to be placed ; but here, as elsewhere in nature, and more 288 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK especially where nature has been interfered with by man, the lines of separation are not always hard and fast, and it some- times happens that a single variety may be found under two and sometimes even three different headings in catalogues of differ- ent dealers. The names of the principal classes and their ap- plications as recently defined by the American Dahlia Society are, when somewhat abbreviated and slightly modified, as follows : Single. — Open-centered flowers, with 8-12 floral rays, more or less in one circle. Duplex. — Semi-double flowers ; rays more than 12, in more than one circle, long and flat or broad and rounded, not notice- ably twisted or curled. Many dahlias previously classed as paeony-flowered belong here. Paeony-floivered. — Semi-double flowers with open center, the inner floral rays being usually curled or twisted, the outer rays either flat or more or less irregular. Collarette. — Of the single type, with not more than 9 large floral rays ; but with a circle of smaller, narrower, often differ- ently colored, rays standing at the base or in front of the larger rays and forming a sort of collar between them and the open center. Decorative. — Double flowers, full to the center, early in the season at least, flat rather than ball-shaped, with broad, flat, some- what loosely arranged floral rays with broad points or rounded tips which are straight or decurved (turned down or back), not incurved, and with margins revolute, if rolled at all. Ball-shaped. — Double flowers, full to center, early in the season at least. (a) Show type : Flowers globular rather than broad or flat, showing regular spiral arrangement of florets, with corollas more or less quilled or with their margins involute (rolled forward or inward). (Dahlias of this type with flowers spotted, variegated, or parti- colored were formerly classed as fancy, a group no longer recognized.) (b) Hybrid show, giant show, or colossal show, type: Flowers broadlv hemispheric to flatly globular, loosely built, so spiral arrangement of florets is not im- mediately evident ; corollas broad, heavy, cupped or quilled, with rounded tips and more or less involute margins. Verging towards the decorative class and sometimes found classed with the decoratives. 289 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ' (c) Pompon type: Same as o or b, but flowers (heads) must be under two inches in diameter. Cactus. — Double flowers. (a) True, fluted type: Corollas long, narrow, incurved or twisted, with sharp or fluted points and with the margins revolute (rolled backward or outward), forming in the outer florets a more or less perfect tube for more than half the length of the corolla. (b) Hybrid cactus or semi-cactus type: Corollas short as compared with previous type, broad, flat, recurved or twisted, margins only slightly revolute and tubes of outer florets, if any, less than half the length of the corolla. This type intergrades with the decorative and paeony-flowered classes. The " cactus " class is one of comparatively modern develop- ment and one that has done much to popularize the dahlia in recent years. Its known history goes back less than five decades. It is said that in 1872, a Dutch florist received from a friend in Mexico a consignment of seeds and roots and that among the mostly rotten roots was one that gave rise to a j^lant bearing a scarlet or crimson flower roughly resembling a rather flat-rayed specimen of a flower of the variety now cultivated under the name of Standard Bearer. This new form had made its way to England by 1879 and was there called the cactus dahlia on account of the similarity of its flowers to those of a showy cultivated cactus, Cereus spcciosissiiiius. Nothing like it now seems to be known in a wild state in Mexico and its origin is shrouded in mystery. It is lielieved that all of the hundreds of widely different varieties of modern cactus dahlias have been derived, partly by the aid of crossing with the older types, from this one strain in less than fifty years — a most remarkable example of what nature's tendency to variation can do in short time, when aided and encouraged by .man. Soil, Fertilizer, Water, and Location In the matter of soil for growing dahlias successfully, it has been found by experience that a light loam, with good drainage, is the most favorable. A soil that is good for corn is usually good for dahlias. A light sandy soil will do as well as any, if one can supply sufficient fertilizer and moisture. A very rich 290 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK heavy soil will sometimes give a rank growth of stalks and foliage and few flowers, but, generally speaking, there is little danger of getting the soil too rich. The chances of unsatisfactory results from having the soil too poor are vastly greater than from having the soil too rich. Most an}' kind of fertilizer will do, but to get the most good from it, it should be well mixed in with the soil and the bulk of it should be from six to twelve inches away from the root at the time of planting. A heavy clayey soil that is inclined Fig. 3. Portion ol the dahlia Imrdcr in the New York Botanical Garden, October 18, 1918. to bake down hard in the summer is commonly much improved by spreading on coal ashes or sand to a depth of three to eight inches and ploughing it under or spading it in. Probably the most frequent cause of want of success with dahlias is lack of suf^cient water dtiring the hot dry weather of midsummer. If artificial watering is done at all it is much better to do it thoroughly and heavily two or three times a week (pre- ferably in the evening) than to give the plants a little water every 291 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK day. Light watering", as is the case with nearly all other garden crops beyond the seedling stage, is often worse than nothing, as it encourages the small rootlets to come to the surface, where they are easily dried out or otherwise injured. Dahlias, as a rule, do best in a sunny location. If planted in the shade, they make a weak spindling growth and have few flowers. They usually do fairly well, however, when planted near the side of a building, even on the north side, if they can have four or five hours of direct sunlight a day. The vicinity of trees, shrubs, and woody vines is to be avoided on account of the drain that such strong-growing organisms always make upon the food and moisture content of the adjacent soil, though these unfavorable conditions may be mitigated to some extent by deep cultivation and by copious watering and fertilizing. Time for Planting As to the best time for planting dahlias opinions vary widely, some advocating early planting, some late, and some favoring a compromise date. If one plants in April or early in INIay, the plants often blossom by the first of July and then if, as so com- monly happens, a summer drought follows and one cannot irri- gate, the flower buds blast, the foliage turns yellow or looks burnt, growth stops, the stems become hard and stiff, and that is the end of the blossoming for the season. When one plants later, say in June (for the vicinity of New York City and Long Island Sound and southward) one does not get flowers so early but is likely to get more of them in September and October when they do come. The young plants, not yet flowering, are not so much damaged by the hot dry weather of summer as older, larger, flowering plants would be and when cooler weather comes and they begin to blossom they keep it up until killed by frost. Much, of course, depends upon one's location and the length of the growing season. In the northern parts of New York and New England, where killing frosts often come late in August or early in September, it is desirable to plant as early as it is reasonably safe to do so or even to start the plants in the house or under glass before the season for safe transplanting in the open arrives. There are great differences in the varieties as to earliness of 292 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK flowering and if one is familiar with their habits in this respect he can take that into consideration in choosing the time for plant- ing, starting the late varieties early and holding back the early ones. It is the belief of the present writer that the midsummer hardening and checking of growth, alluded to above, may be pre- vented in a large measure by judicious watering during the hottest and driest periods. Methods of Planting and Culture For the propagation of dahlias amateurs use either roots or seeds, though professionals often resort also to pot-grown cuttings and other special devices for increasing their stock. Seeds, if started early, commonly produce plants that blossom the first season, but one never knows exactly what he is going to get from a dahlia seed, and unless he has a plenty of land, a taste for ex- perimentation, or an ambition to originate a new variety of com- manding merit, it is better to rely upon roots for new plants. A modern cultivated dahlia is the result of many crossings and a seed from it may " strike back " to anyone of its numerous an- cestors or may represent some new blending of the characteristics of its forerunners. On the other hand, a root-grown plant is a sort of a continuation of a single individual from one season to another and, if continued indefinitely, is a sort of immortality for a single plant. Except for occasional very slight variations in color or other character, due perhaps to change of climate or soil, the flowers of a root-grown dahlia hold absolutely " true." Some people make the mistake of setting out a whole clump of roots instead of dividing it. This is not only a wicked waste of good roots, but the results are usually not so good as when the clump is divided. All that is wanted for growing is a single good shoot, though it is sometimes well to leave two or three until danger from cutworms has passed. The single shoot makes a strong firm trunk, sometimes suggesting the trunk of a small tree, and one gets larger and better flowers than when numerous crowded spindling shoots are allowed to grow. The beginner should remember that dahlia " tubers " are not tubers in the botanical sense of the word — they are not tubers with eyes or buds like those of the Irish potato. They are simply 293 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK fleshy or tuberous roots. The eyes or buds are all on the crown, that is, on the base of the old stalk, the base of last year's stem. If a root is broken oft' at the neck and planted, no shoot ever comes from it, even though it may send out little fibrous roots and remain alive in the ground all the season. So, in dividing a cluster for planting, it is essential to get a piece of the crown or last year's stem, attached to each root. If the buds have not already started at the time of making the divisions, it is desirable to get a good-sized piece of the crown with each division, and even then one runs a risk of getting a piece that will never start a shoot. But it very commonW happens that buds or shoots have already appeared before planting time, so one can see just what to do in order to divide a cluster in such a way as to insure the presence of at least one vigorous bud for each division, or the shoots may be forced a little by keeping the roots in moist moderately warm earth for two weeks or so before the planting date. It is a good general rule to put the roots or plants three feet apart each way, though some of the small pompons do not require so much room and when planted in a single row, well lighted on all sides, even the most luxuriant varieties may be put as close as two and a half feet, giving in their full development, a con- tinuous hedge-like effect. On the other hand, some of the more vigorous kinds, when grown in the field and on good soil, require a four-foot interval or special provision for paths, if one is to avoid the breaking of branches by visitors and flower-gatherers in the latter part of the season. In planting, it is well to dig a hole or trench one or two feet deep, remove all stones of any considerable size, put in a shovel- ful of well-rotted stable manure six or twelve inches from where the root is to be placed, mix it in well with the soil, and, if one has any doubts as to the fertility of the soil, add also a small handful of bone-meal or commercial fertilizer. The root should be laid down sidewise, in stable equilibrium, — not stood on end. It should be placed about six inches below the general surface, but should be covered only about two inches at first, drawing in the soil about the young shoot as it comes up, finally leaving the general surface level or slightly concave for convenience and economy in watering. 294 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Dahlias vary greatly in height. Much depends of course upon soil, water supply, and other conditions, but there are striking and fairly constant varietal differences. Some of the varieties in cultivation in the United States ordinarih- grow only about two feet high, while some of the more luxuriant reach eight, nine, or even ten feet. If one knows their habits beforehand and is planting a bed or a border, it is of course desirable to put the tall ones in the background or middle and the short ones in front. In our breezy climate it is customary to tie all except the shortest kinds to stakes. The writer prefers to drive the stakes at the time of planting or just before placing the roots, as this avoids possible future injury to the root and it also facilitates an equal spacing of the stakes and their disposition in a straight line or some desired curve. Dahlia stakes of various lengths, round or square, painted or unpainted, are offered for sale by the leading florists and dahlia specialists. Four-foot, one-inch-square fence pickets do very well for all except the largest kinds; if painted and if their lower ends are dipped in creosote or some of the tai* preparations used for roofing, they will last for several years. As is the case with nearly all cultivated plants, dahlias thrive best when the soil is frequently and deeply stirred during the early and middle parts of the season, but after the flowering sea- son is well advanced, they seem to do just as well or better if the surface is only lightly scratched, unless a protracted drought makes a deeper stirring desirable. Disbudding is to be recommended as an aid in getting large handsome flowers on long stalks. The buds at the end of the main stem and of the principal branches commonly produce the best flowers and the size and beauty of these leading flowers is enhanced if the buds and branches in the axils of the three or four pairs of leaves immediately below are removed about as soon as they appear. Late in September and in October one can remove these lateral buds with the easy feeling that they would probably never reach blossoming size anyhow before being over- taken by frost. Occasionally, however, when the flowering season is unusually prolonged, as last year (when in the region of New York City the plants were not cut down until November 7), 295 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK one may in the last few' days of the season be oppressed by remorse over having sacrificed buds recklessly. There are certain varieties (e. g., Master Carl and Albert Manda) sometimes known as " crotch bearers," in which the flower-stalk is naturally short and in which the removal of lateral buds and branches is always to be recommended unless one likes to see flowers modestly hiding beneath the foliage or enjoys the surprise of suddenly finding a fully opened flower in some secluded fork. Certain choice varieties {e. g., Delice) that are habitually rather poor bloomers can often be forced and en- couraged to blossom by rigorous pruning of lateral branches. As in other flowering plants, it is desirable to remove withered flowers, unless one wishes to preserve seeds. Sixty, Choice Varieties Although dahlias are, generally speaking, easy to cultivate and have few enemies, they are occasionally disappointing for reasons that are not wholly obvious. Some of the most beautiful sorts are evidently " temperamental " and do not perform well unless conditions of climate, soil, etc., are just right. Other varieties may nearly always be depended upon to flourish well and bluom, almost regardless of the way the plants are treated. The Countess of Lonsdale (cactus) and Minnie ("Mina") Burgle (decorative) are perhaps the two most dependable varieties and as they also stand high in general attractiveness, they are prob- ably the two best varieties to recommend to beginners. Varieties that do well in one region or in some particular spot may not suc- ceed so well in some other region or spot. Varieties that flourish famously one season may be a total failure the next season, pos- sibly on account of the infection of the roots by some obscure fungus or on account of some mysterious "physiological" lower- ing of the vitality of the roots during the winter dormancy. Some of the best exhibition varieties commonly produce only a few flowers. In selecting a restricted list with special reference to garden decoration and generally effective results, one must consider gen- eral vigor and freedom of blooming as well as the beauty of in- dividual flowers. And there are such wide differences of taste 296 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK in the matter of form and color, that any one in attempting to name a Hst of, let us say, sixty choicest varieties, runs a risk of omitting a variety that another grower, equally or more experi- enced, considers "the best," and such omission might be either intentional or from lack of familiarity with the variety in ques- tion. The present writer, however, feels inclined to recommend the following list : Cactus Countess of Lonsdale, salmon, tinted apricot, j-.* Kalif, crimson-scarlet, in. or t. Pierrot, amber, often tipped white, iii. or t. Marguerite Bouchon, rose-pink, with white center, in. or t. Rev. T. W. Jamieson, primrose-yellow to violet-rose, t. Rene Cayeux, brilliant ruby-crimson, .y. Mrs. Douglas Fleming, white, in. Nibelungenhort, golden apricot, suffused old rose, in. or .y. Etendard de Lyon, carmine rose or royal purple, m. F. W. Fellowes, orange-scarlet, in. or t. Mme. Eschenauer, sulphury white, suffused lilac, in. Dora, reddish salmon, s. Richard Box, pure yellow, s. or ;;/.. Hybrid Cactus Mrs. Warnaar, white, with apple-blossom suff'usion, in. or s. Attraction, lilac-rose, in. or t. George Walters, pinkish salmon, m. or t. Lady Helen, pink, veined white or cream, t. Break o' Day, sulphur-yellow, s. or in. Colossal Peace, creamy white, shading violet-rose, t. Decorative Jeanne Charmet, whitish or violet-rose, often margined Tyrian rose, s. or in. Minnie (Mina) Burgle, dark scarlet, in. or t. Hortulanus Fiet (Viet), lilac-rose, salmon, or shrimp-pink, s. or m. * The ordinary heiglit of the plant, whether short, medium, or tall, is indicated by the letters, s, m, and t. 297 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mildred Slocombe, delicate mauve, s. or in. Beatrice Slocombe, old gold and rose-pink, 5. Glory of New Haven, lavender pink, t. Souvenir de Gustave Douzon, red to orange-red, f. Mons. Lenormand, yellow, striped red, or solid scarlet, in. or t. Futurity, shrimp-pink and old rose, t. Sunbeam, bright red, tipped or striped with gold, t. Breeze Lawn, fiery vermillion, j'. Sulphurea. sulphur-yellow, in. World's Wonder, golden salmon, s. The Millionaire, delicate lavender, j. SJwzv Dreer's White, pure white. ^-. King of Shows, deep butter-yellow, .?. Bride, blush-pink, tipped lilac-rose, in. Gold Medal, yellow, tipped and variegated red, 5. or m. W. W. Rawson, glistening white, suffused lilac, t. D. M. Moore, rich velvety maroon, in. or 5. Ox Blood, clear red, t. David Warfield, cherry-red, s. Golden Shore, canary-yellow, shaded pink, s. Hybrid SJiozv Arthur Kelsey, purplish crimson, ;;/. Pompon Belle of Springfield, brick-red. j-. Gretchen Heine, blush white, with rose-tips, s. Pacony Geisha, orange and scarlet, t. or m. Hampton Court, deep pink, t. or m. Mondscheibe, rich primrose yellow, m. or .y. Mrs. G. Gordon, creamy white, ;;/. or s. Fiery Cross, scarlet, t. 298 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Duplex Mme. J. Coissard, deep cerise or crimson-carmine, shading to white in center, s. Weber, rose-pink, j-. Single White Lady, pure white, in. or f. Twentieth Century, rose-carmine, shading to white, t. Newport Gem, deep pink and violet, j-. Fang de Charmer, pink, t. Madame X, crimson-purple, variegated white, iii. Collarette Mme. E. Poirier, deep purple or violet blue, collar white, in. or .y. Diadem, carmine rose, collar white and carmine, iu. or t. Grace Loretta, purple magenta, collar nearly white, in. Lifting and Storing of Roots After the plants are cut down by frost in the autumn, it is customary to allow them to stand for a week or two, on the theory that the roots may thereby perfect their ripening for the winter and that they are better ofif in the ground than they would be in any cellar. However, if there is much tendency to throw up suckers or new shoots, it is probably better to dig the roots at once, as the new shoots are likely to weaken the roots by drawing away more than they give back. And one must remember that it is from the crown or the stem-base rather than from the roots that the shoots for next year are to come and that this crown might be damaged by a freeze that would not injure the lower- lying roots themselves. When the lifting time comes, or a few days before, the stalks should be cut close to the ground, using a large knife, sickle, or bush scythe, and making a smooth clean cut. As a root with a broken neck is commonly useless, much care should be exercised in lifting the roots. It is best to use a spade and to drive it down for twelve inches or so all the way around at a distance of twelve mches or more from stalk, and then lift the whole mass carefully 299 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK by forcing the spade deeply under the center. It is an advantage if two persons can work together and lift at the same time from opposite sides. Though not so important as the preservation of the neck, it is also advisable not to cut ofif the tip of the fleshy root, as it is from this end that the first and most vigorous fine roots are likely to come the next spring. Moreover, cuts and abrasions of the surface give the rot-producing fungi a better chance for attack. After lifting, it is well to let the roots dry ofif for a few hours, with a view especially of removing any excess of sap or moisture from the pith or hollow of the stump, as this loose fluid might prove a culture medium for the spores of moulds and perhaps might prove injurious in other ways. Some dahlia experts, in packing away roots for the winter, turn the stump downwards so that any excess moisture can drain out. This seems to work well, though in turning the clumps upside down, there is more danger of breaking the necks of the roots than in leaving the clumps in the more natural upright position. It is not necessary or desirable to shake off all the adhering soil before carrying the roots to the cellar, as any naturally adherent earth appears to help prevent drying out and shriveling during the winter. In a cellar without furnace heat, dahlia roots usually keep all right when stored away on shelves or in boxes or barrels without any special covering. In cellars with a furnace it is usually better to wrap the clumps in newspapers or to cover them with sand, coal ashes, or with fairly clean soil from the field or garden, but soil containing much decaying organic matter is to be avoided for this purpose. When the roots are covered in this way and when the containers are placed as far away from the furnace as is consistent with safety from freezing, the roots commonly come through the winter in a vigorous and plump condition. How- ever, roots that have shrunken mvich and show no buds or sprouts at planting time are often viable, as may be determined by test. If sprouts have started and are more than two inches long, it is usually best to break them off and depend upon new buds for the future plant. Long cellar-shoots commonly develop into weak hide-bound stems. Divisions of the clumps are made as short a time as possible 300 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK before the plantings are made. For making the divisions a heavy sharp knife is used, taking care to leave at least one good shoot or bud or a good-sized piece of the crown on each piece, as already indicated on a preceding page. Some of the varieties, and occa- sionally those with the most beautiful flowers, are poor root- formers, so that there is little natural increase from year to year ; but most of the varieties yield root-clumps that are readily divisible into from four to twelve growable parts, so that the beginner's stock rapidly increases and he usually has the pleasure of being able to supply his friends and neighbors with his surplus roots, and thus help to widen the rapidly growing appreciation of the decorative possibilities of the modern dahlia. When a root-division from a rare variety has been planted and more than one shoot appears it is commonly possible by careful treatment to develop a plant from each of these shoots instead of sacrificing all but one in pruning to one stem. When the shoots are about six inches high the root is lifted very carefullv and all of the shoots but one, and more especially those that may have developed little rootlets of their own, are removed at their base with a sharp knife and are planted in a pot or in the ground. If the soil is then kept very moist and if the young shoots are partly shaded at first, it is usually possible to make a good plant out of each, even though the shoot may show no sign of an indi- vidual rootlet at the time of the operation. If started early enough, plants produced in this way reach the flowering stage before frost comes, but. generally speaking, they are later and less vigorous than those that have the initial advantage of an ample reserve-food supply under them in the shape of a tuberous root. The amateur does not always succeed in this slipping operation and if he should happen to sacrifice or cripple his only plant of a choice variety in a vain efifort to make two or three plants out of it, he is likely to be the victim of poignant regrets over not having left "well enough alone." It is better to learn the method of procedure and the chances of success by experimenting with some of the less treasured varieties. Marshall A. Howe. The New York Botanical G.ardex. Broxx P.\rk, New York City. 301 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y« City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN E. LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA G. E. M. STUMPP M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH J. H. TROY E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF . MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS.. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. FRENCH VANDERBILT MRS.E. S. HARKNESS MISS EDITH WETMORE Sournal of tt)e Vol. II, No. 21 ^WPI^^ MAY, 1919 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Pftge Flower Exhibitions 303 Coming Exhibitions 3o5 Proceedings of the Society: May 10, 1919 306 Nineteenth Annual Report of the Board of Directors 307 Treasurer's Statement, for the year ending April 30, 1919 310 Membership, for the year ending April 30, 1919 3^^ PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e Horticultural Botitt^ of jBleto ^orfe INCORPORATED I 902 Vol. II, No. 21 oSerlv MAY. 1919 „ Free to Members guarierly J'lrvi, x^i^ By subscription $1.00 per year FLOWER EXHIBITIONS An exhibition of plants and flowers was held at the American Mnseum of Natural History on March 28 to 30, 1919. War conditions having made necessary the abandonment for this year of the usual spring show held at the Grand Central Palace, the board of directors decided to hold a spring show of the society, the usual January and February shows being omitted. There was not a large exhibit, it could hardly be expected under the dis- , organizing effect of the coal shortage which caused the closing the previous fall of many private places from which much of the exhibition material must be derived. In the class for Cyclamen plants IMrs. F. A. Constable, Mama- roneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, won first prize for a dozen fine plants. The class for Primula malacoidcs called for a dozen plants. Mrs. Payne Whitney, Alanhasset, X. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, won first here, and Peter Hauck. Jr., East Orange, N. J., Max Schneider, gardener, second. Mrs. Whitney also won first prize for a display of twelve Primula ohconica. Among the roses Mrs. Constable won first for eighteen in the Ophelia class with Ophelia, :\Irs. J. Hood Wright, N. Y. Citv, Chas. Thomas, gardener, winning second with the same rose. In the class for pink roses ^Irs. Louisa U. Skidmore, Great Neck, N. Y., Louis Piantin, gardener, won first with eighteen Columbia. For eighteen red roses :\Ir5. J. Hood Wright won first with Francis Scott Key, Mrs. Skidmore second with Hoosier Beauty. 303 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In the yellow rose class, eighteen blooms, Mrs. Skidmore won first with Mrs. Aaron Ward. For twenty-five white carnations the two prize winners were Matchless, Mrs. Whitney winning first, and Peter Hauck, Jr., second. The prize winners for twenty-five flesh p'.nk carnations were both Enchantress Supreme. Mrs. Francis T. Morgan, High- land Falls, N. Y., Louis Karsten, gardener, winning first, Peter Hauck, Jr., second. Twenty-five Rose Pink Enchantress brought the first prize to Peter Hauck, Jr., for the light pink class. In the dark pink class, Mrs. Whitney won first with Gorgeous. She also won first in the scarlet class with Belle Washburn, Mr. Hauck winning second. Twenty-five blooms of Princess Dagmar won the first prize for Mrs. Whitney in the crimson class. For variegated carnations Benora was exhibited by both winners, Mrs. Francis T. Morgan taking first prize, and Mrs. Whitney second. In the class calling for twelve spikes of mignonette, Mrs. Whitney won first, and Mrs. Skidmore second. For a vase of one hundred sprays of sweet peas Mrs. Whitney won first. In the commercial classes for cut flowers two unnamed varie- . gated carnations were exhibited. One of these, the winner ot the first prize, was exhibited by Louis Hoebel, West Fort Lee, N. J. ; the other, a sport from Benora, was exhibited by Chas. H. Totty, Madison, N. J. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. Skidmore : for a vase of the rose " Gorgeous " and for a vase of Clarkia clegans, cash. Mrs. Whitney : for vases of larkspur and lupine, cash. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Fells, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener: for display of sweet pea " Yarrawa," cash. Julius Roehrs Co. : for group of foliage and flowering plants, and for specimen shrubs, cash. Jas. A. Macdonald, Flushing, N. Y., R. Hughes, gardener: for specimens of Amlca indica and Ad'iantum cuneatum, cash. John Lewis Childs : for six pots of yellow calla, cash. E. Fardel, Great Neck, N. Y. : vase of hybrid f reesias, silver medal. 304 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Bobbink & Atkins : group of forced flowering shrubs and trees, cash. Lager & Hurrell : for group of orchid plants, cash. J. A. Manda : collection of blooms of Cymbidmm hybrids, cash. Mrs. Constable : vase of clivias and collection of blooms of Amaryllis, cash. The judges were : Thos. Wilson, Duncan McGregor, and Percy E. Hicks. A small exhibition was held at the New York Botanical Garden, May 10 and ii. Mrs. F. H. Allen, Pelham Manor, N. Y., Jas. Linane, gardener, won first prizes for: collection of herbaceous plants ; collection of shrubs and trees ; collection of tulips. Mrs. F. A. Constable won first prizes for: six pots of pelargo- nium ; and six pots of calceolarias. For the exhibit of calceolarias a special prize of a silver medal was awarded for excellence of culture. \ COMING EXHIBITIONS A gladiolus exhibition will be held at the New York Botanical Garden August 23 and 24. In this connection attention is called to the large collection, about 240 kinds, of gladioli in the Horti- cultural Garden of the New York Botanical Garden. About 21,000 corms were set out this spring. These will begin to bloom early in July and will continue for several weeks. For those in- terested in this attractive flower an unusual opportunity is here offered for inspection and comparison. Each kind is plainly labeled. The Fall Show will be held as usual at the American Museum of Natural History, the date selected being October 30 to Novem- ber 2. Schedules are now ready for distribution, and may be had by addressing the secretary, Horticultural Society of New York, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City. 305 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY May 10, 1919 The annual meeting of the society was held on Saturday, May 10, 1919, 3 :30 P.M., in the Director's office. Museum building, New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Pierson presiding. There was a quorum present. The minutes of the annual meeting of ^May 11, 1918, were read and approved. The terms of the seven directors elected at the annual meeting in May, 1916, having expired, nominations were called for for their successors, to be elected for a term of three years. The following were the only nominations made: F. L. Atkins, Jas. W. Cromwell, M. C. Ebel, E. Fardel, E. B. South- wick, J. H. Troy, and E. C. Vick. The secretary was unanimously authorized to cast an affirma- tive ballot for the election of the above nominees as directors for a term of three years. This was done and they were declared elected. Dr. N. L. Britton was nominated to succeed himself as delegate to the council of the New York Academy of Sciences. He was unanimously elected. The following election officers for the annual meeting to be held in May, 1920, were unanimously elected: Tellers : K. R. Boynton, H. W. Becker. Alternates: Henry Hicks, E. Fardel. The following were annovmced as representatives of this soci- ety on the Flower Show Committee for the spring show of 1920: F. L. Atkins, John Canning, R. G. Hollaman, J. A. Manda. George V. Nash, F. R. Newbold, F. R. Pierson, Julius Roehrs, Wm. H. Siebrecht, John Scheepers, Jas. Stuart. There being no further business before the meeting, adjourn- ment was taken at 4:10. George V. Nash, Secretarv. 306 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Presented May io, 1919 The Society has completed the seventeenth year of its incor poration and the nineteenth of its existence, with a membership of 760, distributed as follows : patrons, 4; sustaining members ^ • life members, 170; annual members, 571 ; associate members' 8- corresponding members, 2. Of the 43 new members added dur- ing the year, 5 were life, ^,7 annual, and i associate. The losses have been as follows: by death, 23, of which i was a patron 6 life members, and 16 annual members; by resignation, 26; dropped on account of non-payment of dues, i ; total 50 At the meeting of the Board on May 11, 1918, it was announced that a committee of eleven members, to meet a like committee of the New York Florists' Club, had been appointed, carrving out a previous resolution to this effect, to discuss the advisabilitv of holding a spring exhibition in 1919. This joint committee finally decided against the holding of such a show. At this same meeting a letter was read from Mrs. Chas. M. Chapin, chairman of the American Fund for French Wounded^ asking for aid in the carrying out of the work of that organiza- tion. The Board passed a resolution authorizing the treasurer to make a special appeal to the members of the society for a fund for the purchase of a motor to be presented by the society to the Fund for French Wounded for use in their work in France. A report on this work b}- the Committee on the French Fruit Tree Fund was printed in the Journal for August, 1918. At the meeting of the Board on June 15, 1918, in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, officers of the society for the ensuing year were elected from the membership of the Board. The election resulted as follows : President: T. A. Havemeyer. Vice-presidents : N. L. Britton, Jas. W. Cromwell, E. B. South- wick. Treasurer : F. R. Newbold. Secretary : George V. Nash. 307 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Chairman of the Board : F. R. Pierson. The question of holding a fall show in 1918, which had been discussed at previous meetings and deferred for future action, was again taken up at the meeting of the Board on August 24. The Exhibition Committee was authorized to proceed with ar- rangements for the fall show, the details of the prize-list to be determined after the next meeting of the Board. The treasurer was authorized to address donors of previous years, and such other persons as may be suggested, and request contributions to a fund for prizes and medals. At the meeting of the Board on September 21 the Exhibition Committee was authorized to pre- pare a premium-list not to exceed $1,500. On September 21, in response to an invitation from the presi- dent of the American Pomological Society, the Board by resolu- tion took a district society membership in the above society. At the meeting of the Board on November 9 the question of holding shows for January, February, March and April was referred to the Exhibition Committee with instructions to report to the Board at its next meeting. Owing to the unusual condi- tions then prevailing the chairman of that committee decided it was best to omit the usual January show, and at the meeting of the Board on January 18, it was decided to hold no shows itt February or April, and to concentrate upon a spring show to be held March 28 to 30 at the American Museum of Natural History, and the Exhibition Committee was authorized to prepare a schedule of premiums not to exceed $1,000. At the meeting of the Board on January 18, 1919, the chair- man was authorized to appoint a committee to meet with a like committee of the New York Florists' Club to discuss the matter for a spring show for 1920. The chairman appointed the follow- ing committee : T. A. Havemeyer, F. R. Newbold, F. R. Pierson, George V. Nash, James Stuart, W. H. Siebrecht, John Canning, J. A. Manda, Julius Roehrs, John Scheepers, F. L. Atkins, R. Hollaman. At this same meeting it was resolved to extend an invitation to the American Sweet Pea Society to hold its next meeting and show with us. The permanent fund is now $29,781.55. 308 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The society has held the following meetings, those from May to September at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History : May II, 1918, Annual Meeting. A lecture in the course of the New York Botanical Garden was delivered by Prof. M. A. Blake on " How to Grow Fruits in Limited Areas." June 15. Lecture in the Garden course by Mr. George V. Nash on " Rose Gardens." August 24. Lecture in the Garden course by Dr. Arthur Hol- lick on "Ancient and IModern Ideas in regard to Fossil Plants." September 21. Lecture in the Garden course by Dr. M. A. Howe on " Dahlias." The following exhibitions were held, those from May to Sep- tember at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American IMuseum of Natural History : May II and 12, 1918. In connection with the annual meeting. June 15 and 16. Rose and peony show. August 24 and 25. Gladiolus show. September 21 and 22. Dahlia show. November 28 to 30. The annual fall show. March 28 to 30, 1919. Spring show, the usual spring show In cooperation with the New York Florists' Club being omitted on account of war conditions. The New York Botanical Garden offered the premiums, for the shows held at that institution, from the income of the Will'am R. Sands Fund. The Board of Directors held seven meetings, as follows : at the New York Botanical Garden, May 11, June 15. August 24, and Sept. 21, 1918; at the American Museum of Natural History, November 9, 1918. and January 19 and March 29. 1919. The Journal has been issued quarterly, as follows : Volume II, no. 17, May, 1918, 20 pages ; no. 18, August, 10 pages ; no. 19, November, 8 pages, 2 plates; no. 20, February, 17 pages, i plate, and 3 figures. A list of the membership and a report of the treasurer are appended to these minutes. F. R. Pierson, George V. Nash, Chairman. Secretary. 309 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK TREASURER'S STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING APRIL 30, 1919 Permanent Fund Permanent acct., Broad- Balance 1917-18 acct. ...$28,736.66 way Savings Inst $ 6.51 Life membersliip acct. ... 350.00 Poughkeepsie Savings Bk. : Interest acct 1,144.89 Account No. i 1,285.50 Profit acct. 1918 Interna- Account No. 2, Barr tional Flower Show . . . 600.00 Fund 621.65 $30,831.55 Am. Can Co. Dbt. Bds., t ^ ,„^o t ^ ' Less expenses 1918 Inter- 6m., 5 per cent 6,005.00 „^,.- 1 -rri ci ' ^ ^ national r lower Show, Buffalo, Roch. & Pitts. f..,.efo . 1 . r transferred to General Bds., 5m., 4K2 per cent.. 5,000.00 p^^^ ^^^^^^^ Illinois Steel Bds., 6m., 41^ per cent 5,457-50 $29,781.55 1st Liberty Loan, 5m., y^ per cent 5,000.00 3d Liberty Loan, 5m., 4!4 per cent 5,000.00 War Savings Stamps : 100. Series 1918-19. . 419.00 100. Series 1919-20. . 415.00 $29,210.16 Cash acct. balance 571-39 $29,781.55 Fruit Tree Fund Draft to Amer. Fund for French Wounded, Paris. $3,612.48 Receipts 1917-18 acct $3,809.73 Cash balance in bank .... 271.75 Receipts 1918-19 acct 74-50 $3,884.23 $3,884-23 Motor Fund Hollander Motor Co., three Ford motors, engraved Receipts $2,955.54 plates with name donors, * and packing, i N. Y. Florists' Club, 2 Hort. Soc. N. Y $1,717.11 Check to treasurer Amer. Fund for French Wounded 1,238.43 $2,955-54 310 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Gener Expenditures Petty cash acct., secretary.$ 300.00 Petty cash acct., treasurer 13.02 Journal acct 296.44 Prizes acct i, 139-93 Medals acct 100.50 Vases and tables acct 45.CO Salary acct., secretary .... 600.00 Salary acct., assistant 20.00 Expense acct. : Office 25.00 Shows 391.37 General 148.38 $3,079.64 Cash acct. balance 565.62 $3,645-26 May I, 1919. Respectfully AL Fund Receipts Balance from 1917-8, with- out Tree Fund bal $ 273.26 Sale publications acct 5.00 Annual dues acct., May 14, 1918, to April 30, 1919 . . 1,165.00 1918 International Show expenses trans. from Life Fund 1,050.00 Fund No. 10 for November Show 1,152.00 $3,645.26 submitted, Frederic R. Newbold, Treasurer. MEMBERSHIP For the year ending April 30, 1919 Patrons Archer M. Huntington Mrs. Charles H. Senff Miss Emily Trevor Mrs. J. B. Trevor Sustaining Members Mrs. F. H. Allen Clarence H. ]Mackay Mrs. Robert F. Ballantine C. Blaine Warner Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Edward D. Adams H. B. Adriance Cornelius Rea Agnew Life Members Miss Mary S. Ames Dr. S. T. Armstrong Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr. 311 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr. S. Prentiss Baldwin Mrs. Christopher M. Bell E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Mrs. C. Ledyard Blair Mrs. William H. Bliss George Blumenthal George McKesson Brown Mrs. Harold Brown Louis Burk F. V. Burton W. R. Callender Mrs. Ina Campbell Henry W. Cannon Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Louis S. Chanler Mrs. Chas. M. Chapin Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb W. Colgate Mrs. F. A. Constable R. L. Cottinet Mrs. R. J. Cross Mrs. Bayard Cutting Mrs. Ira Davenport Charles H. Davis Gherardi Davis Mrs. Gherardi Davis Charles Deering Mrs. John R. Delafield Maturin L. Delafield, Jr. Eugene Delano Mrs. Henry F. Dimock Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge L. W. Dommerich Russell Doubleday Herman Le Roy' Emmet Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons A. F. Estabrook Eberhard Faber Wm. B. Osgood Field Mrs. Paul Fitzsimons James B. Ford J. B. Foulke Amos Tuck French H. P. Frothingham Francis P. Garvin George J. Gould Simon Guggenheim L. T. Haggin E. S. Harkness Mrs. Edward S. Harkness Charles J. Harrah Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Francis R. Hitchcock • Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Miss Laura Hurd Adrian Iselin, Jr. C. Oliver Iselin Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Ernest Iselin Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. Henry James . Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones Nathaniel T. Kidder Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier Meyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman 312 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Frederick Elliott Lewis Reginald Minturn Lewis Mrs. Reginald M. Lewis Wadsworth Russell Lewis Mrs. William Goadby Loew Jno. H. Love James A. Macdonald Emerson MacMillin Mrs. John Markoe Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Alexander Michie A. G. Mills Ogden Mills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr. Newbold Morris Hon. Levi P. Morton Abram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. William Gilman Nichols Dudley Olcott Dr. James H. Parker James C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps F. R. Pierson P. W. Popp Miss B. Potter Mrs. George D. Prattt Frederick T. Proctor Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Henry S. Redmond Mrs. George H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson Mrs. Burke Roche Mrs. John A. Roebling Julius Roehrs Thomas Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Horatio S. Rubens Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee Grant B. Schley R. J. F. Schwarzenbach Mrs. A. Seton Mrs. W. D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone G. E. M. Stumpp William H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson William B. Thompson H. M. Tilford James G. Timolat Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig Felix M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg Mrs. John Hobart Warren Thomas G. Washburn John L Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb 313 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney Webster Patrick Welch George Peabody W^etmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. Willets Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Edmond E. Wise Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer John Young Geo. A. Zabriskie William Ziegler, Jr. Anmial Members Mrs. T. J. Abbott Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. John Dunbar Adams Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich Douglas Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Charles H. Allender Mrs. Frederick Allien William C. Anderson W. H. Andrews Francis J. Arend Mrs. Glover C. Arnold F. L. Atkins Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss James C. Auchincloss Ledyard Avery Mrs. John Stuart Baird G. E. Baldwin W. D. Baldwin Jas. Ballantyne Mrs. T. H. Barber Mrs. James L. Barclay Miss Katherine Barnes Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Mrs. A. Battin H. W. Becker Otto F. Behrend William F. Beller August Belmont A. D. Benclheim Miss Harriet L. Biddle A. Bieschke Miss Mary E. Bissell Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bliss Samuel J. Bloomingdale Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner Miss Edith G. Bowdoin K. R. Boynton Mrs. H. I. Brightman A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John L D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Jean Broadhurst Mrs. Irving Brokaw Miss Aneita D. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. J. Hull Browning F. W. Bruggerhof 314 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK L. Duncan Bulkley William Bunker Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Mrs. Martin Burke E. R. Burnett Wm. J. Burns Irving T. Bush Mrs. N. M. Butler John Butterworth Henry A. Caesar Miss Mary R. Callender Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss I. M. Cammann James Campbell John Canning Emil Carlebach William T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart Mrs. Talbot Chambers Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. George H. Chatillon John Lewis Childs Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. Banyer Clarkson Mrs. Alfred M. Coats C. A. Coffin Max Cohen Frederick A. Cole Miss E. Coleman R. J. Collier George Edward Colon C. S. Cook Mrs. Martin Le Brun Cooper Mrs. Arthur J. Corbett William Cordes F. R. Cordley Mrs. Clarkson Cowl Mrs. William S. Cowles F. D. Crane Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford Mrs. Thomas Crimmins James W. Cromwell Miss M. R. Cross Mrs. Robert H. Crundon Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham Mrs. J. Clark Curtin G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. de Forest Warren Delano William Adams Delano Mrs. F. S. Dellenbaugh, Jr. Mrs. C. D. Dickey C. F. Dieterich Francis P. Dodge Otto L. Dommerich S. W. Dommerich Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George William Douglas David Dows Charles A. Draper Dr. W. K. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. Du Pont Mrs. M..F. Dwight M. Dworetzky Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Edmund Eckart Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar 315 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Richard Edie, Jr. George Ehret Wm. G. Ellis Abraham Erlanger Milton S. Erlanger S. M. Evans A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel Mrs. Max Farrand Mrs. Farqiihar Ferguson William H. Fischer Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. W. T. Floyd L. G. Forbes Mrs. R. L. Fowler, Jr. Miss Alice Bleecker Fox Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen Mrs. L. C. French A. S. Frissell John W. Frothingham Felix Fuld Maurice Fuld Mrs. W. D. Gaillard Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin Robert A. Gardiner Miss Florence Gayley Mrs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robert W. Gibson Arthur Golding Mrs. Paul Gottheil Charles Gotthelf G. C. Graves Mrs. Clendenen Graydon John Greenough Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. Chester Griswold, Sr. A. M. Guinzburg Mrs. Victor Guinzburg Mrs. Wm. C. Gulliver Miss Bell Gurnee Miss Edith Haas Daniel S. Hage Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall Miss Josephine Barnes Hall L. Gordon Hamersley Miss Eliz. Stewart Hamilton Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh Mrs. F. Denham Harmon Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris Thomas Hastings H. O. Havemeyer T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. T. A. Havemeyfer Miss Frances A. L. Haven Mrs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. William Samuel Hawk Mrs. Chas. Downer Hazen Henry Heide, Jr. Mrs. G. J. Helmer Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson Mrs. F. W. Hertz Mrs. L. W. Hewitt Mrs. M. E. Hewitt Henry Hicks John M. W. Hicks Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley i6 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch Anton G. Hodenpyl Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Mrs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Mrs. Newlin Hooper Clarence J. Housman Richard Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt Miss Gertrude L. Hoyt Miss Virginia Scott Hoyt Thomas L. Hughes Thomas Hunt Mrs. Archer M. Huntington F. J. Huntington Mrs. George S. Huntington H. E. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huntington J. Chr. G. Hupfel Dr. Lee M. Hurd Henry Hurrell Mrs. Albert E. Hurst Seymour L. Husted, Jr. Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson Frank DeK. Huyler Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde E. Francis Hyde William Inglis Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Mrs. William E. Iselin Leon Israel Martin R. Jacobus Mrs. Walter B. James Alfred W. Jenkins Miss Annie B. Jennings Robert E. Jennings Walter Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan John F. Johnston R. M. Johnston Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. S. Beach Jones Henry I. Judson Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. Robert J. Kahn Mrs. De Lancy Kane Mrs. John Innes Kane Louis Karsten Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy Mrs. John S. Kennedy Mrs. Walter N. Kernan Mrs. Edward King Frederick R. King Miss Isabella C. King Le Roy King Miss Margaret S. Kingsford Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Miss E. Louise Klots Charles W. Knight Thomas Knight Roland F. Knoedler Miss Edith M. Kohlsatt 317 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. Dr. George F. Kunz Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Hiram V. Lawrence George Legg • Mrs. Albert A. Levi Joseph Levi Edmund J. Levine Ephraim B. Levy Mrs. Louis S. Levy Adolph Lewisohn Mrs. Allan Lexow Paul Lichtenstein Mrs. John R. Livermore Miss Anne P. Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. Samuel Lloyd Mrs. Julius Loewenthal Hugo V. Loewi Miss Hilda Loines A. Lueder David L. Luke A. A. Macdonald Dr. D. T. MacDougal Kenneth MacKenzie Mrs. F. Robert Mager A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda Mrs. Henry Marquand J. A. Marsh Alexander L. Marshall Robert Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Martson W. J. Matheson Harry O. May R. de L. Mayer Mrs. Theresa Mayer Dr. D. H. McAlpin Mrs. D. Hunter McAlpin, Jr. George L. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg C. A. Mcllhenny Mrs. C. W. McKelvey James McLean B. Frank Mebane Herman W. Merkel Miss Bertha V. Merrick Mrs. Payson Merrill Miss Agnes E. Meyer Edwin O. Meyer A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell Mrs. Wm. Mitchell George A. Molleson Mrs. E. D. Monod Barrington Moore Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. Morgan Mrs. Gerald Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. J. S. Morgan, Jr. Mrs. A. Henry Mosle Miss Christina Muendel Carl Muller J. A. Muller C. W. Munson William S. Myers 318 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Mrs. Ethelbert Nevin Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold Mrs. George Nichols Morton C. Nichols Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Not man Howard Notman Adolph S. Ochs Elam Ward Olney Miss Annabella S. Olyphant Patrick O'Mara Mrs. Chas. J. Oppenheim Professor H. Fairfield Osborn Miss Bertha Pagenstecher Mrs. Henry Parish Miss Gertrude Parsons Herbert Parsons Mrs. J. E. Parsons Adam Paterson T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Charles H. Peck Miss Dorothy Peck Mrs. M. R. Peck Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Edward S. Pegram Mrs. Stephen Pell Edmund Penfold G. Laurence Perkins G. W. Perkins Mrs. Wm. A. Perry Mrs. Theodore Peters Mrs. Alfred Noroton Phillips 3 Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Mrs. Gifford Pinchot Mrs. Frank H. Piatt Mrs. N. M. Pond A. J. Porter Wm. H. Porter A. S. Post Mrs. Frank Hunter Potter George T. Powell Mrs. Charles E. Proctor Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer Mrs. N. T. Pulsifer C. F. Quincy H. G. Ramsperger H. E. Raymond Miss Katherine W. Reid Wallace Reid J. Walter Reimels W. H. Remick Mrs. N. C. Reynal Miss Elvine Richard William J. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb G. Theodore Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson Edward Robinson Ernest Robinson Miss K. C. Rockwood Mrs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers Mrs. James Gable Rogers A. J. Rolle Miss M. M. Rooney Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Mrs. Oscar Rose Mrs. Charles B. Rowland Mrs. James A. Rumrill 19 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Walter Glark Runyon Mrs. Justus Ruperti Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Dr. H. H. Rusby Miss Marie S. Russell Mrs. Henry W. Sackett Isadore Saks Mrs. B. Ay mar Sands Miss Louise Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee John Scheepers Mortimer L. Schiff Rudolph E. Schirmer George Schlegel Max Schling A. H. Scholle Henry Schreiter Miss Marianne Schurz Bernhard Schutz C. W. Scott William Scott Mrs. J. H. Sears Alonzo B. See Jefferson Seligman Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sharpe A. R. Shattuck Mrs. A. R. Shattuck Henry W. Shoemaker William H. Siebrecht Mrs. R. Siedenburg, Jr. Franklin Simon Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Samuel Sloan Mrs. Samuel Sloan Thomas Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith W. Hinckle Smith Thos. Snell E. G. Snow Mrs. Frederick A. Snow L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick Wm. A. Sperling J. E. Spingarn Adolph Stahl J. R. Stanton Frederick T. Steinway Robert S. Stephenson Mrs. Benjamin Stern F. Lynde Stetson Mrs. I. M. Stettinheim Frederic W. Stevens Mrs. John Wood Stewart Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Charles Strauss Louis Strauss Mrs. William Strauss Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Charles Fitch Swan Albert Tag Rush Taggart Mrs. Henry P. Tailer C. A. Tatum Richard E. Thibaut Mrs. Howard L. Thomas J. Thorne Myles Tierney 320 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Louis C. Tiffany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy F. H. Traendly A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tuttle L. Ulman Alvin Untermyer Mrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. Frederick S. Van Beuren Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen Mrs. James M. Varnum William W. Vert E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. Von Zedlitz Mrs. Gustavus A. Walker John G. Walker Leo Wallerstein M. H. Walsh Harry Wearne Mrs. F. Egerton Webb Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. Francis M. Weld Mrs. John Wells Mrs. Maurice Wertheim Arthur L. Wessell Miss Edith Wetmore Mrs. George Peabody Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Lawrence G. White Mrs. Stanford White W. A. White Mrs. Alfred A. Whitman Miss Margaret S. Whitney Miss Theodore Wilbour Dr. Anna Wessels Williams W. P. Willis M. Orme Wilson Chas. A. Wimpfheimer Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. \\: Wocher Mrs. Lewis H. Wolffe Mrs. C. B. \^'ood James \\'ood Mrs. J. Hood Wright Berkley \\'yckoff E. Yeandle Miss Annette Young Mrs. A. Murray Young Mrs. William H. Young Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie Joseph A. Zanetti Charles Zoller A. C. Zvolanek Chas. W. Ashmead Frederick Hitchman Owen A. Hunwick Robert Jones Associate Members Chas. Milburn S. G. Milosy William R. Seymour T. P. Sorenson Corresponding Members Mrs. Mortimer Forest Mrs. Benj. G. Lathrop 321 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON L S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN R LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA J. H. TROY M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH E. C. VI CK E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS MISS EDITH WETMORE Journal of tf^e ?|ortuuItural &octetpof #eto JSorli Vol. II, No. 22 m^^^^^m AUGUST, 1919 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY QBORGB V. NASH CONTENTS The Gladiolus 323 Flowet Exhibitions 334 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THB NBW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 3(ournal of ti^e horticultural ^octetp of J^eto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vol If Nn 77 'ssued AIirillST IQIQ Free to Members VUl.ll,nU. ^^ Quarterly nUUUJl, IZ)IV By subscription $1.00 per year THE GLADIOLUS Many countries have furnished /Vmerica with flowers for her gardens. The rose, the chrysanthemum, and the peony come from far distant lands, the dahHa from Mexico and the gladiolus from South Africa, which has given us also many other noteworthy plants, particularly greenhouse bulbous plants and, of late, annual flowering plants of distinctive character. The gladiolus is a summer-flowering plant perpetuated by corms which must be taken up in the autumn, stored over the winter, and planted in the spring. It is grown to give color to our gardens and to furnish us with a summer cut flower ; these uses create a demand sufficient to make the growing of the corms a business for many specialists. Interest in the Gladiolus Our grandmothers grew gladioli in their gardens, but the flow- ers were small, of modest colors, and of no exceptional beauty. By hybridization and selection the habit and growth of the plants, the size of the flower spikes, and the color, size and sub- stance of the flowers have been so improved, that the enthusiasm for, and interest- in, these plants is ever increasing. To foster this enthusiasm the American Gladiolus Society was organized on May 27, 1910, at Boston, and the first meeting was held in Rochester, N. Y., in August of the same year. The society is now in a flourishing condition, increasing rapidly in member- 323 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ship, and through its official organ, The Flozvcr Grower, published monthly at Calcium, N. Y., keeps the members in touch with the various phases of the work of the society and the latest develop- ments in the gladiolus world. Exhibitions also foster interest in the flower, and keep both professional and amateur informed as to progress. The Amer- ican Gladiolus Society has an exhibition each year, in connection with its annual meeting, in dififerent parts of the country, thus giving all enthusiasts an opportunity to show or be shown. The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, gives an annual exhibition at the Museum Building of the Garden, usually in the month of August, affording a rare treat for people of New York and vicinity. In 1911 trial grounds, for the study of the great number of varieties and the unravelling of the tangle of synonymy surround- ing many of these varieties, were established at Ithaca, N. Y., in connection with the Department of Floriculture of the State Col- lege of Agriculture. The work was under the direction of Pro- fessor Alvin C. Beal, chairman of the Nomenclature Committee of the American Gladiolus Society, who has done much to foster the increasing interest in the gladiolus. The study of the varie- ties has been mostly carried on by Alfred C. Hottes, now assistant professor of floricuhure in Ohio State University. As a result of the trial ground work, a series of three studies were published in 1 91 6, as Extension Bulletins Nos. 9, 10 and 11, of the New York State College of Agriculture. They are : I, Botany, History, and Evolution of the Gladiolus, Alvin C. Beal ; II, Culture and Hy- bridization of the Gladiolus, Alfred C. Hottes; III, Varieties of the Garden Gladiolus, Alfred C. Hottes. The last is a list of varieties and their synonyms, and complete descriptions of them, as grown on the trial grounds. These three bulletins constitute a complete reference work for lovers of the gladiolus, giving up- to-date information on its development and culture. It is hoped that all our garden flowers may be studied in the same way, and the results of such studies made available in similar form. 324 the horticultural society of new york Botany, History and Development The gladiolus plant, a member of the Iris Family, comprises a corm, with a few fibrous roots, long, narrow, sword-like leaves, and flowers in long spikes. The so-called bulb is technically a corm, an underground stem with the internodes flattened and contracted to form a rather solid body. This dies each year, a new one forming beneath it, and between and around the two, numerous small corms, or cormels, are developed. The corm is red or yellowish to white, and is covered with a thin, brown tunic or skin which is easily peeled off. The flower, which has a peri- anth of six segments, which may be also called three sepals and three petals, is generally broadly tubular to funnel-shaped, and often has the segments wide-spreading. The arrangement of the perianth is of two distinct types, although variations are often found. This arrangement, called aestivation by Alfred C. Hottes,* is by him denoted as: a one-lipped type, in which the uppermost segment is on the outside, the lowermost within and often spotted or blotched; and a two-lipped type, in which the uppermost segment is within, the lowermost on the outside, forc- ing the two lower lateral segments to form the lip within. This latter type gives us two lips, often dotted and blotched. The earlier species of gladioli were in few-flowered spikes of small funnelform flowers; modern kinds have many flowers on long spikes and vary from wide-tubular to wide-spreading. Baker, in his Handbook of the Iridiae, published in 1892, gives 132 species of the genus Gladiolus. While most of those con- cerned in the history of the modern type of flower are natives of South Africa, some European and Asiatic species, the old corn flags, were cultivated in England before the year 1600, and many more species were discovered before 1800. An inspection of the descriptions and illustrations of the species used in the develop- ment of the newer types impresses one with the remarkable re- sults which have been accomplished. Some of these species are: Gladiolus cruentus — a tall vigorous plant, with scarlet and white flowers. * Gladiolus Studies, II, Culture and Hybridization, 1916. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Gladiolus oppositiflorns — the flowers clearly opposite on the spike. Gladiolus Saundcrsii — the flowers hooded, scarlet, with a white throat spotted red. Gladiolus dracocephalus — a brownish yellow type. Gladiolus psittacinus — the flowers spreading, dull scarlet and yellow. Gladiolus piirpureo-auratus — the flowers yellow with maroon blotches on the lip. Gladiolus cardinalis — the flowers scarlet and white. Red and yellow, with traces of white, with some dotting and purplish blotching on the lip-segments, all the colors dull when compared with our present-day varieties ; with small size and weak habit ; these were the elements at the disposal of the pioneers in the development of the gladiolus. From 1800 on the hybridization and selective work began.* The first type evolved was Gladiolus Colvillei, a race of small- flowered pink and white forms, said to be the result of crossing Gladiolus cardinalis with G. concolor. The old varieties alhus and The Bride belong here. The Gandavensis group of varieties appeared about 1841, produced by Van Houtte. The flowers of this group were mostly variations of red, but of better shades than the old G. psittacinus and G. cardinalis, the parent species. With the improvement of the Gandavensis varieties there came from the Lemoine establishment at Nancy, France, about 1880, a new race, the Leinoinei hybrids, which were said to be derived from various Gandavensis varieties crossed with G. purpureo- auratus. The Lemoinei types were of better shades of yellow and red, with broad, rounded petals and purplish-brown blotches on the lip, suggesting strongly the purpureo-auratus blood. In Germany Leichtlin developed a type, brought to this country and introduced by John Lewis Childs as the Childsii type. This has large, wide-open flowers of delicate colors, often finely pencilled in the throat and lips, and contains some of our most beautiful varieties to-day. In 1889 Lemoine introduced his N anceianus group, the results of working on his Lemoinei varieties other * Beal, Gladiolus Studies, I, 1916, p. 125. 326 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK species, perhaps G. Sanndersii. This group has robust spikes of spreading flowers of rich and odd colors, especially dark shades. Gladiolus primuliniis, a South African small-flowered species of yellow shades, particularly noticeable for the pronounced hood formed by the uppermost segment, came into gardens about 1905, and its graceful habit and delicacy of coloring are now greatly esteemed, many of the newer varieties being marvels of simplicity and grace. In brief, the main types at present in the development of the modern gladiolus are: Gandavensis — flowers narrow, red and yellow. Lemoinei — colors various, with prominent blotches of purple on the lips. Nanceiamis — flowers large and wide open, of heavy striking colors. Childsii — flowers large, the petals wide, the throats and lips yel- low and white finely pencilled and streaked. Primidinus Hybrids — flowers smaller and narrower, red, pink, and yellow, with very distinct hoods. Kimderdi — flowers with edges ruffled and fluted. Qiiartinianus — late blooming. Our country, too, has had a share in the improvement of the gladiolus. The story of the pioneers in this work in America, as told by Professor Beal,* parallels the tales of the pioneers in other branches of business or science ; the work of Mr. H. H. Groff, a Canadian hybridizer, who produced the modern Groff's Hybrids, such as Peach, Dawn, Vivid, and Taconic, with long spikes, large blooms and exquisite colors ; Kimderdi Ruffled gladioli, with ruffled petal-edges and strong substance, originated in 1910 by Mr. A. E. Kunderd, including the Glory or Kundcrdi varieties. Pride of Goshen, Youell's Favorite, and others, such as the new Ruffled Primulinus hybrids and a fall-blooming strain of hybrids of G. Qiiartinianus ; the Childsii varieties Attraction, Bar- clay, I. S. Hendrickson, and others ; these are a few of the types of modern development, all keeping pace with the improvement of our other garden flowers. With the coming of the newer * Beal, Gladiolus Studies, I, 1916, pp. 154-161. THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK kinds, most of the distinction between the older types is being obliterated, so that it is difficult to place a variety in one of the old groups. The raising of new varieties by specialists and by amateur en- thusiasts goes on unceasingly. It does not seem possible that we can go higher in the scale of beauty, but perhaps we can. The gladiolus lacks fragrance — perhaps that may come some day. The specialists of to-day have imported various species of gladiolus and are bringing out new varieties, the results of hy- bridization and selection ; the number of such and their diversity of origin prohibits any accurate history of parentage. Certain varieties, America for instance, have proved to be valuable as seed parents, while other notable ones have not. Culture and Care The gladiolus is not considered a difficult plant to grow. Ordi- nary care has produced results satisfactory to the majority of flower-lovers. As with other lines of endeavor, mistakes and trials often occur. Sometimes the flowers are attacked by the black beetle which is so fond of the China aster. These voracious beetles seem to take particular delight in cutting deep scallops in the edges of the choicest flowers. A good mellow garden soil, properly fertilized and drained, will grow gladioli well. While in some localities a heavy soil has pro- duced good results, a light sandy loam is best. The soil should be thoroughly spaded up and prepared, preferably during the autumn previous to the spring of planting, and should be again stirred in the spring. If the corms may be easily pushed into the soil with the hand, it is an indication that the soil is in good physical con- dition. Fertilizing of gladiolus soils is accomplished in many ways, depending on the soil, location, purpose for which grown, and the preference of the grower. Good cow manure, dug in dur- ing the previous fall, is. as with almost any crop, a valuable form of plant food. Again in the spring well-rotted manure may be incorporated with the soil, and it can also be used to good advan- tage as a mulch in summer. Thus used it would aid in conserving the moisture supply during an exceptionally dry season. The cor- 328 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK rect use of good stable manure should furnish enough plant food for gladioli in the ordinary garden culture. For stimulating the growth, increasing the size of corm, spike, or flower, for bringing the blooms on earlier, and for strengthening the color and sub- stance of the flowers, various fertilizers are advocated to furnish quickly available plant food, just as in the growing of many other truck and florists' crops. Bone meal, pulverized sheep manure, liquid cow manure, wood ashes, and others, added to the soil at the time of planting or before and during the blooming period, are all special-purpose quick-return fertilizers. Lime should of course be used on many soils. In commercial bulb growing many of these special treatments are used, but with the use of good cow manure gratifying results have been obtained. Blooming size corms should be planted at least four inches below the surface of the soil, and deeper than that, say from six to eight inches, on light soils, to prevent the heavy flowering spikes from toppling over. For home-garden planting, six to seven inches between is a good distance. Close-planting will aid in keeping the plants upright ; and wider planting will give larger and stronger plants. Planting may be done from the latter part of April up to the end of June, but preferably in May and early June. The soil is not in the best condition before May in the vicinity of New York. Planting by hand with a dibbler or trowel, as with tulips and other bulbs, is the common method, the corms being laid out on the ground at the proper intervals. The small size bulbs, or cormels, are treated as seeds, and sown in drills, about two inches deep, in two years developing into large blooming size corms. If one wishes to go back to the beginning and sow seeds, these may be sown in drills to a depth of one quarter of an inch. In com- mercial cultivation, planting is done in rows six feet apart, with the corms about three inches apart. Double-row, alternating and other methods are used, according to the preference of the grower. The long rows and distance apart allow for horse cultivation and other practices one would not require in garden planting. Frequent cultivation of the soil, to keep out the weeds and to maintain the dust mulch, is, of necessity, a prime factor. Tying up the heavy spikes, to stakes, strings, or wires, to prevent their 329 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK falling, is often necessary. The best method is the one easiest and least expensive at the time. Deeper planting and the growing of straighter, stronger varieties will do much to offset this trouble. The flowering spikes used for cut flower decorations should be cut when the first one or two blooms are opening, and should be kept in fresh water, a small portion of the stem being cut off at intervals to aid in preserving the blooms. With the ending of the flowering season and the coming of the first frosts comes the time to begin harvesting the corms. First the tops are cut off, about two inches from the bulb ; then the corms are ripened for a time and thoroughly dried out. The re- mainder of the stem and the old corm are then removed, the new one and the baby cormels being cleaned and prepared for storing. We have found that ten-pound sacks, open at the top, are good substitutes for the growers' trays, in storing named varieties ; and a dry cool cellar a good svibstitute for the large storehouse. But the cellar must be truly dry and cool, but always above freez- ing, and must not tend to warm up quickly in the spring, or the corms will send out yellowish sprouts long before planting time, a result to be avoided if possible. Disease and Insect Pests The most serious fungous diseases affecting the gladiolus, not so conspicuous to amateurs as to the commercial grower, are two bulb-rots ; the hard rot and the dry. Dr. L. M. Massey, of the New York State College of Agriculture, spent several years in the field and laboratory working on these rots, and succeeded in finding the organisms causing them, but as yet no successful remedy for them has been found; the selection of healthy corms, the use of unaffected soil, and similar sanitary measures will help to mitigate this danger. Destructive insects are not particularly fond of gladioli. Occa- sional visits of such marauders as the aster beetle, which is easily destroyed by the use of arsenicals, or visitations of red spider, that water-detesting foe of the gardener and florist, may be ex- pected. In the Horticultural Gardens of the New York Botanical Gar- den, located near the southern boundary of the grounds of that 330 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK institution, a large collection of gladioli has formed an important feature for the past two years. There was there during the pres- ent season a collection of about 250 kinds and 21,000 plants. Here the various types may be studied, and a comparison made of many kinds of the same type. The following varieties were still in bloom in this collection on September 25, and many of them continuously since July 10: Herndon, Red Knight, Sentinel, Neutrality, Red Amarillas, Rose Glory, Golden Glory, Red Wing, Floral Treasure, Fire Ribbon, Mrs. A. E. Kunderd, Pride of Goshen, Scarlet Princeps, Snowflake, Youell's Favorite, White Glory, Unique, Azalea, Americanus, Byron L. Smith, Big Black, Lustre, Lavender America, Ulysses, Cymbaline, Faun, Vega, Altair, Linton, Cassandra, Angola, Alice Tiplady, Dexter, Capella, New York, Attraction, Mrs. Beecher, Enchantress, Shedowa, Cynosure. These are some of the most desirable varieties, can be recom- mended, and should be in every collection : America. Salmon-pink, with all desirable qualities. Barclay. A beautiful pink, with white penciled throat; long bloomer. Baron J. Hulot. Deep blue ; the best in this color. Big Black. A rich black-red, wide open, long bloomer; one of the best of the dark reds. Bopeep. A salmon-pink, with bold white and yellow lip, carmine in throat. 331 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Byron L. Smith. A light orchid-colored pink and white ; a beauty. Challenger. A rich red of velvety texture; a long bloomer and lasting flower. Dawn. Graceful spikes of wide-open flowers, flesh-salmon, glis- tening, the throat darker blotched. Europa. Flowers white, w^ell open ; one of the best of the whites. Europe. A pure white variety, long bloomer ; one of the best of the whites. Evelyn Kirtland. A new pink variety of large blooms on strong spikes. F. L. Oakley. Beautiful salmon-red, with one white-blotched lip petal. Giralda. Deep pink with salmon-white center, long bloomer. Golden Measure. Almost a pure yellow ; the best yellow. Halley. An early blooming salmon-pink. Kunderdi Glory. Flowers ruffled, amber-yellow flushed with light rose ; a good compact form of fine substance. Loveliness. A tender pink and cream blend ; a beautiful variety. Mrs. Dr. Norton. An exquisite pink and white, with yellow lip. Mrs. Frances King. A large open-flowered bright red, tall, vigor- ous and lasting. Mrs. F. Pendleton. Flowers rosy pink, with a large blotch of ox-red; good size and substance, with four or five blooms open at once. Myrtle. A fine rose pink, early. Neoga. Strongly ruffled, deep red, with six blooms open at one time. New York. .A lovely variety ; flowers pink and white, wide open ; long as to season and of vigorous habit. Niagara. Large pale yellow flowers, lasting spikes ; a fine yellow. Orange Glory. A distinct color, well ruffled, vigorous ; a beauty of the Kunderdi type. Panama. Large rich rose-pink flowers of good substance ; a strong grower. Peace. A grand large-flowered white, with purple-marked throat ; vigorous and lasting. 332 \ THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Pride of Goshen. Flowers light reddish salmon, with ox-blood red blotches ; bloom compact, of excellent character. Prince of India. Bright red. streaked violet ; long bloomer. Purple Glory. Large ruffled blooms on strong spikes, purplish red, velvety texture ; a surprise when the sun shines through the petals. Rouge Torch. A bright variety with flaming blotch on lip. Scarlet Princeps. A massive scarlet, vigorous, long bloomer ; four immense blooms out at once. Schwaben. Beautiful yellow and red. Shedowa. Light salmon-pink, with white on lip and throat ; long bloomer. Youell's Favorite. A robust lavender-pink, ruffled, and a strong and lasting spike. In the choice of varieties, location and personal taste cause a wide difference of opinion. With the production of the earlier varieties, and late-blooming ones, such as the Kunderd Quar- tinianus hybrids, gladioli cover a season of considerable length. As a cut flower they have few ec^uals, and in the garden they may. be used in many ways. As a collection, their wide range of color, shape, and habit, makes them an interesting study. In a formal garden the shorter kinds are most effective in rows. An English writer says : " My little garden walk has been guarded by a com- pany of these fine swordsmen." The primuUniis varieties, and shorter varieties of other types, when planted singly or in clumps of five or six on one color, give grace to the border, and the taller more vigorous kinds have their place in the rear. The tall straight ones are effective in giving the spire effects of the fox glove. In massing gladioli in borders, the groups should not be too arti- ficially defined, but merge together in waves of color. If considered too formal in a planting, the use of misty masses of Gypsophila paniculata and other feathery plants is recom- mended. A combination of the Mist-flower, Eupatorium coclestinmn, with the flesh, pink and cream-colored varieties, is very effective. Kenneth R. Boynton. New York Botanical Garden. 333 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK FLOWER EXHIBITIONS An exhibition of plants and flowers was held at the New York Botanical Garden, in cooperation with that institution, on Satur- day and Sunday, June 7 and 8, 1919. It was primarily for peonies, and roses, the classes being open to all. The judges were P. W. Popp, A. J. Manda, and James Stuart. Among the peonies Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, Glen Head, N. Y., A. Lahodny, gardener, won first for three varieties of white peonies, six flowers of each, the Cottage Gardens Co., Queens, N. Y., securing second. The same exhibitors won respectively first and second in the class for three light pink varieties, six flowers of each. In the class for three rose varieties, six flowers of each, the Cottage Gardens Co. won first, Mr. Havemeyer sec- ond. For three crimson varieties, six flowers of each, the first prize was awarded to Mr. Havemeyer, the second to Cottage Gar- dens Co. In the class for singles the Cottage Gardens Co. secured first, Mr. Havemeyer second. For a vase of peonies, one or more varieties, arranged for efifect, the Cottage Gardens Co. won first, Mr. Theo. R. Hoyt, Stamford, Conn., Jas. Foster, gardener, second. In the rose classes Mr. Wm. Shillaber, Essex Falls, N. J., J. P. Sorenson, gardener, was awarded first prize for a collection of hardy roses. Mr. Adrian Iselin, New Rochelle, N. Y., Jos. Tier- nan, gardener, won first for a vase of hybrid teas, arranged for efifect, Mr. Shillaber securing second. A collection of rambler roses also brought the first prize to Mr. Shillaber. The following special prizes were awarded : Mr. Adrian Iselin, collection of vegetables, cash. John Lewis Childs, for collection of irises, silver medal. Lager & Hurrell, for a collection of cut orchids, cash. Bobbink & Atkins, for a display of peonies and other perennials, cash. The gladiolus exhibition was held at the New York Botanical Garden, August 23 and 24, in cooperation with that institution. There were classes open to all and also for non-commercial growers. In the open to all classes Mills & Co., ]\Iamaroneck, N. Y., won first for the largest and best collection. The first prize 334 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK was awarded to the Cedar Hill Nursery, Glen Head, N. Y., for the best twelve varieties, three spikes of each. The Cedar Hill Nursery also won first prizes for the best vase of twenty-fiv'e spikes in each of the following classes : white, red, and any other color. The following special prizes were awarded : Mr. Thos. P. Hollingsworth, Mamaroneck, N. Y., for a vase of new varieties of dahlias, cash. Mills & Co., Mamaroneck, N. Y., for display of dahlias, cash and a silver medal, and for a collection of single dahlias, cash. 335 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B, SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON L S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN E. LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A, MANDA J. H. TROY M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH E. C. VI CK E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auziliazy MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. K S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS.CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS MISS EDITH WETMORE Journal of t^e orttcultural S>o(tetpof J^eto ^oil^ Vol. II, No. 23 ^^^Jm^^ NOVEMBER, 1919 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The Dahlia Exhibition 33y The Fall Exhibition 340 Opening of the Central Display House of the New York Botanical Garden 344 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. i journal of ti^e Horticultural ^ocietp of jBteto ©orfe INCORPORATED 1 902 Vol 11 Nfn 71 'ssued NOVFMRFR IQIQ Free to Members VUl. 11, i>U. ^J Quarterly l^w V CiTlDCIV, 1:7 1^' By subscription $1.00 per year THE DAHLIA EXHIBITION A very fine and interesting exhibition of dahlias was given in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden in the Museum building of that institution on September 20 and 21, 1919. The prizes were offered by the New York Botanical Garden from the income of the William R. Sands Fund, to be awarded by the Exhibition Committee of our society. The competition was keen, and the attendance large. On Saturday afternoon at 4 o'clock a lecture on " Dahlias and Their Culture," illustrated with colored lantern slides, was delivered by Dr. M. A. Howe in the lecture hall of the Museum. Dr. Howe is a member of the staff of the New York Botanical Garden, and an amateur who has made dahlia growing his hobby for a number of years. His lec- ture, viewing the subject from the standpoint of the amateur, was keenly enjoyed by the audience, one of the largest of the season. After the lecture Dr. Howe conducted such of the audience, and this amounted practically to the whole attendance, as wished to inspect the large dahlia collection brought together by him at the west border, a short distance from the Museum. This was really a continuation of the lecture, for the plants were used by the lecturer to demonstrate and explain the different types. This col- lection contained something over 350 kinds and about 660 plants, arranged according to their types, so that comparisons of related kinds could readily be made. Each kind was plainly labeled with the name of the type, the specific name of the kind, and the name 337 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK of the donor. It proved one of the most interesting features of the Garden during the late summer and fall. The judges of the dahlia exhibition were Mr. John Scheepers and Mr. P. W. Popp. The following prizes were awarded : Open to All For the largest and best collection, not less than six types, the first prize went to Messrs. Mills & Co., of Mamaroneck, N. Y., the second to Mr. Alfred E. Doty, of New Haven, Ct. In the class for a vase of twelve blooms, cactus, the first prize was won by Messrs. Mills & Co., the second by Mr. Thos. P. Hollings- worth, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., the third by Mr. Doty. A fine vase of twelve blooms, peony-flowered, secured for Messrs. Mills & Co. the first prize, the second being won by Mr. Doty, and the third by Mr. Hollingsworth. In the decorative class, for a vase of twelve blooms, Messrs. Mills & Co. were awarded the first prize, Mr. Hollingsworth the second, and Mr. Doty the third. In the show or fancy class, Messrs. Mills & Co. won first for a vase of twelve blooms, Mrs. F. H. Allen, of Pelham Manor, N. Y., Jas. Linane, gardener, second, and Mr. Hollingsworth third. In the pompon class, for a vase of twelve blooms, Mrs. Allen re- ceived first, Messrs. Mills & Co. second, and Mr. Hollingsworth third. Mrs. Allen was also the winner of the first prize for a vase of twelve blooms of single or collarette, Messrs. Mills & Co. winning second, and Mr. Doty third. For a vase arranged for effect Mrs. Allen was again a first-prize winner, Messrs. Mills & Co. second, and Mr. Doty third. For Non-commercial Growers For the best collection of not over fifty blooms, including not less than four types, the first prize was awarded to Mrs. Allen, the second to Mr. F. S. Wheeler, of Rye, N. Y., John F. Orr, gardner, and the third to Miss Rosalie A. Weikert, of Williams- bridge, N. Y. City. Mrs. Allen was successful in securing the first prize for a vase of eight blooms, cactus, Mr. Hollingsworth second, and Mr. Wheeler third. xA.gain Mrs. Allen was winner 338 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK of the first prize, this time for a vase of eight blooms, peony- flowered, the second going to Mrs. C. H. Stout, of Short Hills, N. J., the third to Mr. HoUingsworth. In the class for decorative dahlias, the first prize for a vase of eight blooms was won by Mrs. Allen, the second by Mr. HoUingsworth, and the third by Mrs. T. Thomas, of Short Hills, N. J. The show or fancy class brought to Mrs. Allen, for a vase of eight blooms, the first prize, the second to Mr. HoUingsworth. In the pompon class, for a vase of eight blooms, Mrs. Allen was awarded first, Mr. Wheeler second, and Mr. HoUingsworth third. In the single or collarette class, Mr. Wheeler won first for a vase of eight blooms, Mrs. Allen second, and Mr. HoUingsworth third. The following special prizes were awarded : Mr. Thos. P. HoUingsworth, for a display of China asters, cash. Messrs. Mills & Co , for a vase of " Miss Emma " dahlia, bronze medal; and for a vase of the dahlia "Paul Grample " a cultural certificate. Mr. E. P. Quimby, of White Plains, N. Y., for the hybrid cactus dahlia seedling no. lOoA, certificate of merit ; for the pink decorative dahlia seedling no. 600, a certificate of merit ; for the peony-flowered dahlia seedling no. 800A, special mention ; and for the decorative red dahlia seedling no. 200A, special mention. Mr. George Schlegel, of Brooklyn, N. Y. City, S. G. Milosy, gardener, for the new dahlia " Mrs. George Schlegel," certificate of merit. Mr. Thos. Skinner, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., for a display of China asters, cash. Mrs. C. H. Stout, for seedling dahlia " Emily D. Renwick," cer- tificate of merit ; for a collection of dahlia seedlings, silver medal. Mrs. T, Thomas, for seedling dahlia no. i, certificate of merit; for seedling dahlia no. 2, special mention. Mr. F. S. Wheeler, for display of pansies, cash. 339 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK THE FALL EXHIBITION The usual fall exhibition was held at the American Museum of Natural History from October 30 to November 2. It was open on the evening of the first day from 7 to 10 P.M., as a private view especially for members of the society, of the Museum, and of the affiliated organizations. On Friday, Satur- day and Sunday it was open for the regular hours of the Museum. The exhibition was much smaller than usual. This may be ac- counted for by the coal shortage of the previous fall which caused the closing of many private places and the natural curtailment of exhibition material, and also by the great lack of labor, which made it impossible for many, even if they had the material, to attempt the extra work necessary for the preparation and trans- portation of an exhibit. The judges were : Mr. Walter Angus, Taconic, Ct. ; Mr. George Middleton, Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Mr. Wm. Smith, Port- chester, N. Y. ; and Mr. Jas. Ballantyne, Bridgeport, Ct. Perhaps the most conspicuous absence among the exhibits was the usual large display of bush chrysanthemum plants. There were very few of these grown the present year, and what few there were were located mostly at such a distance that the expense of transportation was too great in view of the increased price of labor and of transportation. There were a few plants, however. Among these was a white bush plant exhibited by Mrs. Payne Whitney, of Manhasset, N. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, which took the first prize in that class. Exhibited by the same person was a specimen anemone bush, also winning the first prize. Mrs. Whitney also received the first prize for a standard plant. In the class for odd-shaped bushes, Mrs. Whitney won the first prize for a fan-shaped plant, Mrs. A. A. Anderson, of Greenwich, Ct., Robt. Williamson, gardener, the second. In the classes for cut chrysanthemum blooms, for commercial growers, the following were prize winners: The Chas. H. Totty Co., of Madison, N. J., won first prize for a vase of twenty blooms, one variety, stems not less than three feet long. For a 340 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK collection of twenty-five varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long, all named kinds, the Chas. H. Totty Co. was again winner of the first prize. This company also won the first prize for a collection of pompons, twenty-five varieties, and for a collecuon of singles, twenty-five varieties. In the classes for cut chrysanthemum blooms, for non-com- mercial growers, the following won prizes. For six white, stems not less than two feet long, Mrs. E. S. Bayer, Mt. Kisco, N. Y., Alex. Thomson, gardener, first. For six any other color, Mrs. Payne Whitney first. For a vase of one or more varieties, ar- ranged for effect, any other foliage permitted, Mrs. F. A. Con- stable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, first, Mrs. Whit- ney second. For twelve vases, twelve varieties, three blooms of each, stems eighteen inches long, Mrs. Bayer first. For a collec- tion of twenty-four varieties, one of each, stems not over fifteen inches long, all named kinds, Mrs. Bayer first, Mrs. Whitney second. For a collection of twelve varieties, one of each, Mrs. Bayer first. A collection of pompons, twelve varieties, gave the first prize to Miss S. D. Bliss, New Canaan, Ct., John T. Burns, gardener. Mrs. Whitney was the winner of the first prize for a collection of anemones, six varieties, disbudded, as also for a collection of pompons, twelve varieties, disbudded. In the dinner table decorations, chrysanthemum flowers only permitted, table to be set for eight persons, with any appropriate foliage permissible, Mrs. Whitney won first, Mr. W. B. Thomson, Yonkers, N. Y., Alex. S. Strachan, gardener, second. In the commercial classes for cut roses, the Chas. H. Totty Co. won first for a vase of fifty dark pink. For new roses not yet in commerce the following won silver medals : The Chas. H. Totty Co., for " Frank W. Dunlop " ; A. N. Pierson, Inc., Cromwell, Ct., for " Pilgrim " and " Crusader." In the classes for cut roses, non-commercial growers, the fol- lowing prizes were awarded. For eighteen red, Mrs. J. Hood Wright, of New York City, Chas. Thomas, gardener, first. For eighteen dark pink, Mrs. L. U. Skidmore, of Great Neck, N. Y., Louis Piantin, gardener, first, Mrs. Wright second. For eighteen light or shell pink, Mrs. Skidmore first, and Mrs. Wright second. For eighteen any other color. Miss S. D. Bliss first, Mrs. Skid- 341 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NE.W YORK more second. For a vase of fifty assorted, arranged for effect, Mrs. Skidmore received the first prize. The carnation classes for cut blooms were for non-commercial growers only. For eighteen white Mrs. Payne Whitney won first, and Mrs. J. Hood Wright second. Mrs. Whitney was also winner of the first prize for eighteen Enchantress shade, and Mrs. Wright second. Foi' eighteen Lawson shade, Mrs. Whitney re- ceived first, as also for eighteen each of crimson, yellow, and variegated. For a collection of orchid plants, commercial growers, the first prize was won by Messrs. Lager & Hurrell, of Summit, N. J. In the non-commercial classes Mrs. Skidmore won first prize for one orchid plant. In the vegetable classes, open to all. Miss M. Valentine, of New Canaan, Ct., A. V. Carver, gardner, won first for the, best and largest collection, not less than thirty kinds, arranged for effect, Mrs. Payne Whitney second. The Clement Moore prize of a gold medal, offered for the best hybrid Cattleya, Laelio-cattleya or Brasso-cattleya, was won by Mr. A. N. Cooley, of Pittsfield, Mass., Oliver Lines, gardener, for a fine plant of Laelio-cattleya lummosa, " Golden Glory." There were three other entries for this prize. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. A. A. Anderson, for a group of begonias, cash ; for two plants of wijiter-flowering begonias, silver medal. J. A. Manda, West Orange, N. J., for display of plants of Cypripedium insigne Sanderae, gold medal and cash. Mills & Co., for display of dahlias, cash. Mr. Howard Phipps, Westbury, N. Y., L. I. Muller, gardener, for a vase of light pink large-flowered chrysanthemums, cash ; for a collection of mixed chrysanthemum seedlings, cash. A. N. Pierson, Inc., for a collection of pompon chrysanthemums and for a collection of singles', cash. Chas. H. Totty Co., for a vase of "Mad. Butterfly" roses, sil- ver medal. Mr. Robert G. Wilson, Brooklyn, N. Y., for a new unnamed fern, silver medal. 342 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY . OF NEW YORK The following persons contributed to the special fund to de- fray the prizes and other expenses connected with the exhibition ; Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss Mr. Otto F. Behrend Mr. Jno. I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Mr. E. B. Burnett Mr. Geo. E. Colon Mrs. F. A. Constable Cottage Gardens Co. Mr. Jas. W. Cromwell Mrs. W. Bayard Cutting Mr. H. W. de Forest Mr. Wm. Adams Delano Mr. Eugene Delano Mrs. C. D. Dickey Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge Mrs. Geo. Wm. Douglas Mr. H. F. du Pont Mrs. M. E. D wight Mr. James B. Ford Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Miss Susan D. Griffiths Mr. Edward S. Harkness Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Mr. Alfred Harris Mr. T. A. Havemeyer Mr. Rich. M. Hoe Mr. Theodore R. Hoyt Mrs. R. P. Huntington Mr. H. E. Huntington Mr. Adrian Iselin Mr. C. O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Mr. W. E. Iselin Mrs. ■'Arthur C. James Mrs. De Lancey Kane Mrs. H. Van R. Kennedy Mr. Adolph Lewisohn Mr. Paul Lichtenstein Mr. Jas. A. Macdonald Mrs. James McLean Mr. Emerson McMillin Mr. Clement Moore Mr. J. P. Morgan Mr. Wm. P. Myers Mrs. A. Neustadt Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols Mr. Howard Notman Mrs. H. Fairfield Osborn Mr. James C. Parrish Mr. E. S. Pegram Mr. E. Penfold Mrs. N.M. Pond Mr. George T. Powell Mr. John J. Riker Mr. Wm. J. Riker Mr. G. Theo. Roberts Mrs. John A. Roebling Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff Mr. E. M. Sharpe Mr. Samuel Sloan Mr. Pierre J. Smith Mr. Thomas Snell Mr. F. W. Stevens Miss Mary O. Stevens Mr. Lispenard Stewart Mrs. James Sullivan 343 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. W. B. Thompson Mrs. Payne Whitney Mr. A. F. Troescher Mrs. C. B. Wood Mrs. W. Seward Webb OPENING OF THE CENTRAL DISPLAY HOUSE OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN This house, the gift of Messrs. Daniel and Murry Guggenheim, was formally opened to the public on the afternoon of Saturday, November 8, 191 9. It forms a part of Conservatory Range 2, located on the eastern side of the grounds. Guests were met by motor cars at the Botanical Garden station and taken directly to the conservatories. Brief addresses were delivered by Dr. W. Gilman Thompson, president of the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, and by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, di- rector of botanical research, Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton, D. C. In connection with the opening a flower show was arranged, which continued for the two days following. The prizes for this exhibition were offered in part by the New York Botanical Gar- den from the William R. Sands Fund, and in part by the Horti- cultural Society of New York. The exhibition was a success, and the central display house proved itself well adapted for the holding of flower shows at that time of the year. The light was of course excellent, and the cool conditions maintained there pre- served well the plants and flowers exhibited. This central display house is about 172 feet long and 49 feet wide, with a height of about 35 feet. The central portion, pro- vided with a cement floor about 56 feet long and 49 feet wide, is designed for the holding of lectures, illustrative material for these lectures to be furnished from the large collections of living plants of the Garden. Groups of plants are arranged in the ends of the house, which is designed to contain a collection of temperate plants. The central portion was decorated with palms along the sides and with a palm group in the center, these form- 344 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK ing an appropriate background for the display of the exhibits. At each end of the structure is an earth area, of about the same size as the cemented space, where plants of temperate regions are brought together. Through each of these a small brook winds, the banks planted with greenery, adding much to the popularity and attractiveness of the house. It is designed to assemble here a collection of plants of temperate regions, plants which are not hardy in our climate. Among these are the Australian acacias, than which there are no more charming plants. Covered with a profusion of bright yellow flowers, they are the admired of all. A beginning has been made in the assembling of this collection, but many more plants are needed. Premiums were offered for chrysanthemum, rose, and carna- tion blooms, for a group of conifers, for ferns and begonias, and for orchids. The following prizes were awarded by the judges, who were : Jas. Stuart, of Mamaroneck, N. Y. ; Wm. J. Sealey, of Port- chester, N. Y. ; and Edward A. Manda, of West Orange, N. J. In the class for chrysanthemum blooms, open to all, for a vase of twenty, one or more varieties, stems not less than three feet long. Mrs. Payne Whitney, of Manhasset, N. Y., Geo. Ferguson, gardener, won first prize. In the non-commercial classes, for six white blooms, stem not less than two feet, Mrs. F. A. Constable, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, received first, Mrs. Whitney second. For six yellow, Mrs. Whitney received first. A collection of pompons, twelve varieties, gave the first prize to Mrs. Chas. Mallory, of I'ortchester, N. Y., W^m. J. Sealey, gardener. For a collection of twelve varieties of single chrysanthemums Mrs. Constable re- ceived first, Mrs. Whitney second. Mrs. Whitney received first prize for a collection of six varieties of anemone chrysanthemums. In the classes for cut roses, for commercial growers, one hun- dred blooms, F. R. Pierson received first prize for a superb lot of " Columbia." In the non-commercial classes Mrs. L. U. Skid- more, of Great Neck, N. Y., Louis Piantin, gardener, was awarded first for eighteen red, Mrs. Ed. Holbrook, of Stamford, Ct., Frederick Whitehouse, gardener, second. For eighteen dark pink, Mrs. J. Hood Wright, of New York City. Chas. Thomas, gardener, 345 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK won first, Mrs. Holbrook second. Mrs. Skidmore was winner of the first prize for eighteen Hght or flesh pink roses, Mrs. Hol- brook second. For eighteen roses of any other color, Mrs. Skid- more won first, Mrs. Holbrook second. A vase of fifty roses, arranged for efifect, gave the first prize to Mrs. Skidmore. The carnation classes were all for non-commercial growers. For eighteen white Mrs. Whitney received first prize, Mrs. Wright second. Mrs. Whitney also was the winner of the first prize for eighteen Enchantress shade, and Mrs. Wright of the second. Mrs. Ed. Holbrook won first for eighteen Lawson shade, Mrs. Whitney second. In the classes for eighteen each of scarlet, crimson, yellow, and variegated Mrs. Whitney won first. The classes for decorative plants were open to all. Mr. F. R. Pierson was awarded first prize for a fine group of conifers ; and also the first prize for an excellent display of Nephrolepis exaltata and its varieties. Mrs. Whitney received first prize for twelve begonia plants. In the class for six begonia plants, the Julius Roehrs Co., of Rutherford, N. J., received first, Mrs. Holbrook second. For a collection of orchid plants, for commercial growers, not less than twenty-five species and varieties, covering fifty square feet of table space, the Julius Roehrs Co. were awarded first, Messrs. Lager & Hurrell, of Summit, N. J., second. The exhibit staged by Messrs. G. E. Baldwin & Co., of Mamaroneck, N. Y., was so good that the judges awarded it a special third prize. The competition was very keen, one collection excelling in one re- spect, and another in another. It was only after much consid- eration, and a careful scaling according to points, that a decision was reached. The display of orchids was unusually fine. The following special prizes were awarded : Mrs. Ed. Holbrook, for a miscellaneous display of* cut flowers, cash. Mr. J. A. Manda, for a display of cut blooms of Cypripedium insigne Sandcrae, cash. Messrs. Mills & Co., for a display of dahlias and cosmos, cash. Mrs. Payne Whitney, for a display of chrysanthemum blooms and plants, cash. 346 I OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York Gty Vice-Presidents N. L. BRIXTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON L S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN E LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA J. H. TROY M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH E. C. VICK E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. R S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MISS EDITH WETMORE MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS :.Si Journal of t{)e Jlortuultural&octetpoti^eto JSorfe Vol. II, No. 24 ^^mSf^^m FEBRUARY, 1920 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page A Definite Meeting Date of the Society 347 Proceedings of the Society: October 15, 1919 348 November 19, 1919 348 December 17, 1919 348 January 21, 1920, with Report of Lecture on "Pruning, Especially as Applied to Fruit Trees and Ornamental Shrubs" 349 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. 3fournal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of jBleto ^orfe Of ti^e INCORPORATED Ig02 Vol II Nn 24 J^^"^^ FFRRIIARY lQ?n Free to Members VUl. ll,nu. ^1 Quarterly rEDI\Uai\l, l^^U By subscription $1.00 per year A DEFINITE MONTHLY MEETING DATE OF THE SOCIETY At the meeting of the Board of Directors on September 20, 1919, a resolution was passed calHng for a meeting of the society on the third Wednesday of each month at 8 :oo P.M. At the next meeting of the Board on November i this resolution was amended, restricting the monthly meetings to the months from November to April, inclusive, and subsequently the meeting time was changed to 8:15. Bear in mind then that from November to April there is a meeting of the society on the Third Wednesday, 8:15 P.M. The first meeting under this resolution was held on October 15 in the East Assembly Room at the American Museum of Natural History. There was only a small attendance, but action was taken looking to the securing of lectures for the following months. The first lecture under this new arrangement was delivered on November 19 by Mr. A. Herrington, on " The Fall-planting of Bulbs," illustrated with lantern slides. The following month the lecturer was Air. E. H. Wilson, assistant director of the Arnold Arboretum, on " The Vegetation of Korea," illustrated with lan- tern slides. For January 21 Mr. M. G. Kains was engaged to deliver a lecture on " Pruning, especially as applied to Fruit Trees and Ornamental Shrubs." Arrangements are being made for lec- tures for the other months, and suggestions along this line are requested from members. Mr. F. R. Newbold, 109 East 72d St., N. Y. City, is the chairman of the Lecture Committee. 347 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK The lectures have been well attended, and the Lecture Com- mittee feels much gratified at the response of the members, as indicated by the large attendance. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY October 15, 1919 A meeting of the society was held on Wednesday, October 15, 1919, 8:30 P.M., in the East Assembly Room of the American Museum of Natural History. The attendance was small, but such action was taken as was necessary to authorize the Lecture Committee to secure lecturers. November 19, 1919 A meeting of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held on Wednesday, November 19, 1919, in the East As- sembly Room of the American Museum of Natural History, at 8:00 P.M. The lecturer was Mr. A. Herrington, and his subject " The Fall-planting of Bulbs," illustrated with lantern slides. Mr. Herrington gave an interesting and practical talk on this sub- ject. He is a great advocate of the naturalistic planting of bulbs in fields and woodlands, and exhibited a number of slides show- ing the efifective manner in which this could be done. At the close of the lecture the great interest in it was manifested by the numerous questions put to the lecturer. At this meeting Messrs. Lager & Hurrell exhibited a fine plant of Vanda luzonica, a species rare in cultivation ; a silver medal was awarded to it by the Exhibition Committee. Mr. J. A. Manda exhibited specimens of Cypripediiim insigne var. Hare- field Hall and var. Sanderae ; a cash prize was awarded to him for these exhibits. December 17, 1919 A meeting of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held Wednesday, December 17, 1919, in the East Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural Historv. at 8 : 00 P.M. The lecture was by Mr. E. H. Wilson, assistant director of the Arnold Arboretum, on the " Vegetation of Korea." Numerous lantern 348 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK slides, many of them colored, were used in illustration. These made plain and real to the audience the topography and diversified character of the Korean country and its vegetation. A keen in- terest was shown in the lecture, and many questions were asked at its close. The hall was filled to overflowing. Mr. Jas. Stuart exhibited at this meeting a large vase of Calanthe Veitchii, for which he was awarded a cash prize by the Exhibition Committee. Mr. Chas. J. Wood exhibited a plant of an unnamed seedling Cypripedium. A silver medal was awarded to this. At the close a meeting of the board of Directors was held, at which Mr. E. C. Vick was added to the lecture committee, already consisting of the treasurer and secretary. January 21, 1920 A meeting of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held Wednesday, January 21, 1920, in the West Assembly Room, American Museum of Natural History, at 8:15 P.M. Before the time of the lecture had arrived this room was filled, and it was decided to adjourn to the large lecture hall. The lecture was by Mr. M. G. Kains on " Pruning, especially as applied to Fruit Trees and Ornamental Shrubs " ; it was illustrated with lantern slides. At this meeting Mr. Jas. Stuart exhibited a large vase of Euphorbia jacquiniflora, for which he was awarded a cash prize. The lecture of Mr. Kains follows : Pruning, Especially as Applied to Fruit Trees and Ornamental Shrubs My address is divided into three parts : First, pruning young trees ; second, pruning neglected trees ; and third, pruning orna- mental shrubs. When a tree is dug in the nursery a large part of the root is unavoidably lost. To offset this loss it is essential that the top be cut back severely so as to balance the mutilated root ; other- wise the amount of available sap will be too small to support the numerous shoots that may start, and the whole plant will suffer and probably die. Cutting back the top, then, tends to concen- 349 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK trate the reduced supply of sap in the few shoots thus allowed to start. During the first season it is important that all these shoots be allowed to grow without hindrance ; also that every leaf and twig that develops on the trunk and branches be allowed to grow all season long, because these supply needed food to the trunk and the roots. Any unnecessary shoots may be easily re- moved before growth starts the following spring. In this matter of pruning it is well to remember that the tree understands its business better than any man, so the only function we should assume is that of suggesting to the tree the way to avoid making mistakes, more as to the direction in which growth shall take place rather than to force the tree to conform to our whims and ideas of what is good and proper. Though not strictly a point in pruning it is important to re- move all label-wires, strings and other things that might form constrictions in the trunk and branches and thus in due time destroy the parts above such girdles, if not also those below. It is no uncommon thing to see peach and cherry trees with one branch in full blossom while the others show no sign of intend- ing to produce flowers for perhaps several years. Before planting young trees it is advisable to prune the mangled roots back to sound wood, so as to avoid possible decay. But it is not a good practise to prune the tops prior to planting, especially if the trees have started to develop their buds. Prun- ing of the tops should always wait till after the trees have been planted, preferably until all have been set so that the pruning and the removal of label wires may be done as one separate job to make sure of both being done correctly ; by so doing it is easier also to do the pruning in a uniform manner. To do this best the trunk of the tree should be between the feet when any cuts are to be made in an upward direction so as to avoid pulling the tree loose in case the knife gets dull, which, however, it should not be allowed to do. By bending the branch to be removed upward and toward the axis of the tree the cut may be most easily made from below upward. Even branches too large for the knife to cut without this bending may be cut with ease and leave a clean smooth wound that will heal readily. Whenever possible a space two hand-breadths wide should be 350 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK left between each pair of branches on the trunk, the idea being that a much stronger tree will result. Where the branches are close together they pull against each other, so that often under a load of fruit or of ice and snow they often break down. Par- ticularly bad cases of this kind are afforded by those nursery trees that arrive with two evenly developed branches or what will in time become trunks. Sometimes more than two are found. I have seen one tree with eleven branches starting upward from one point. Ruin is ahead for all such trees ; for when a branch breaks down close to the trunk the tree is sadly weakened and in time will break again at this point. Y-crotches, as these cases are called, may be treated in three ways : the inferior of the two branches may be removed entirely and at once ; it may be cut back to a rather long stub which is to be cut off a year or so later; or in case the tree has made several years' growth before the Y has been noticed a living brace of wood may be developed between the two arms of the Y. This is easily done by braiding two twigs from opposites sides of the Y and fastening them so that as they develop they naturally graft themselves together. Such cases are makeshifts; they serve their purpose well but are inferior to the removal of one of the branches while young. The tools to use while the trees are small are the pruning knife and the hand shears. For the amateur the knife is to be pre- ferred because if sharp it makes a superior cut. The shears are best for the commercial orchadist because of the greater speed with which work may be done. Points to look for in the former are good steel, and thickness of the blade which should taper from back to edge without becoming thin quickly. The edge, while it should be always maintained sharp, should come to this edge by a rather blunt angle, the idea being to keep the cutting edge as thick as possible so as to avoid making notches in the blade. A thin-bladed knife may be ruined in a few minutes, whereas one with a thick blade may be used much more severely and yet be uninjured even after years of service. Shears should always have narrow points so they may be pushed into even narrow quarters, which blunt shears cannot. They should have handles that may be reversed in the hand so as 351 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK to cut "from either side equally well. The blades should be easily removable, both to facilitate sharpening and to save time, a sharp blade being quickly substituted for a dull one in the orchard without having to go to the tool shed. Instead of a common bolt, or a lock-nut a ratchet is to be preferred, because most of the lock nuts on shears work loose, whereas a ratchet may be tightened and kept so without difficulty. As to springs, any style that works freely and is strong may be used. Perhaps the volute is the most general favorite. Whatever style of catch is used for fastening the shears shut it should not catch the operator nor be separable from the shears and therefore easily lost. One that folds on the inside of the handle is good. When making cuts of small twigs, as in shortening, it is im- portant to have the lower edge of the cut about even with but opposite to the bud left at the upper end. If the cut is made with a long slant too much surface is exposed and drying of the tissues becomes excessive, so that often the twig may dry back to a lower bud, the upper one dying. The same result follows when the cut is made so as to leave a stub above the uppermost bud ; also when the bud is so close to the cut that it dries. When not more than a quarter of an inch is left above the bud and when the slant of the cut is such that the lower end is even with the base of the bud but opposite to it, the best conditions are provided for growth of the new twig expected to develop from the bud. When making a cut with the shears the blade should always be placed against the part that is to remain upon the tree, shrub, or vine, because the squeezed part will then be upon the piece removed. Suppose that through ignorance or neglect on the part of some previous owner trees have developed several limbs from one common point ; what may be done to avert disaster ? With small growing trees like peach and sour cherry stout screw-eyes may be screwed into pairs of branches opposite each other and stout wires (preferably number nine) pulled tight between them so each will thus help to support the other. The best time to do this is before growth starts in spring or at least not later than leafing out season. Thus there is least tension on the limbs which consequently are naturally nearer each other than when in fruit. 352 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Another good method is to bore holes in opposite Hmbs, pass eye bolts through, join these with a bar with hooks or preferably eye bolts, draw them tight with large nuts which press against large washers next to the trunk or branch. A chain instead of the bar is better because it allows of more freedom of sway as the tree is moved by the wind. Bands, wires, chains and other things that go around the tree or the branches are worse than useless, because in due time they will cause constrictions and con- sequent breakage at these very points. Every species of fruit tree has its own charactristic method of producing its flower buds. Upon a knowledge of this depends successful pruning for fruit. The peach and the nectarine bear their blossom buds normally in pairs with a branch bud between. These are found in the winter upon shoots or twigs that grew the previous summer. Most of these shoots are found on the out- side of the trees. On the inside near the trunks and main limbs are often wiry shoots that produce few branch buds but for a year or two may have mostly blossom buds. They generally die after growing only a few years. But always the blossom buds are developed one year for fruiting the next and always on twigs that are leafy while they are developing. Each bud grows in the angle (or axil) of the leaf. Normally the peach and the nectarine (which is nothing but a smooth-skinned instead of a downy-skinned peach) grow most rapidly from the tips of the shoots. Thus they tend to become broader every year. The result of this habit is that the fruiting parts of the tree get farther and farther away from the roots and the trunk and the leverage due to the weight of fruit or ice becomes greater and greater until the branch breaks down and the tree is ruined. To obviate these two defects (judging from the human, not the peach tree's standpoint) growers cut the annual growths at least fifty per cent., more often seventy-five per cent, or more. Thus they keep the trees within bounds, secure the fruit in far more restricted space and prevent breakage to a large extent. The cherry and the plum bear their blossom buds mostly upon little stubby twigs called spurs. In the cherry these spurs are mostly rather straight, sometimes branched, and generally with a 353 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK branch bud at the tip. Often growth extends less than a quarter of an inch annually. Immediately behind the branch bud is a cluster of buds that develop flowers. Thus the cherry and the plum require little pruning when compared with" the peach. About the only cutting done by most commercial growers is to shorten long spindly branches that would thus make the tree unsightly or unbalanced, and to thin out branches and twigs when these become too numerous. Most apples develop their fruit at the ends of spurs which as they become older grow often greatly contorted and gnarly. At first they are stubby little things and so by the unthinking are often removed. A client once asked me to examine his trees and say why he got no fruit. He said he had done all the pruning himself and had done " just what the books say ! " But he had not. He had cut off all the newly forming fruit spurs and the limbs were as bare of them as are telegraph poles! While the spur is the characteristic method of fruit-bearing with apples and pears, some varieties of each develop fruit in much the same way as do peaches, on young shoots of the previous season's growth. So a knowledge of the varieties in this respect is essen- tial to intelligent pruning. The quince differs from all the other fruits we have been considering because its fruit buds cannot be distinguished during the winter. Even with a microscope they are undiscoverable. Potentially, it seems from investigations, each bud that passes the winter may develop and bear one or more fruits ; but actually the number that do is small in proportion to the number of buds that successfully pass the winter. The characteristic way for the quince to bear is at the tip of the young shoot that grows from a bud developed the previous season. With this knowledge in mind pruning becomes a simple matter of removing twigs wher- ever they are so unfavorably placed or so numerous that fruit formation and development would be unlikely or inferior. The quince is probably most satisfactorily grown as a bush with several stems because when one fails, a younger may take its place. When grown in tree form the whole plant is lost if the trunk becomes seriously afflicted with borers. Now we turn to pruning problems as related to orchard and 354 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK tree renovation. Countless fruit trees are not worth the expense of " tree surgery " if financial profit is the aim. From an esthetic standpoint they may be worth saving, however. These two points of view must be clearly kept in mind or the expenditure may be unwise. Trees with dead and hollow centers, those with scarcely any living branches, those with large wounds improperly made may also not be worth trying to save. This is a series of problems that can be decided only upon critical examination by some one competent to advise. In the neighborhood of New York I have seen on private estates hundreds of trees that have had tree surgery work done to the total extent of tens of thou- sands of dollars. Much of the work has been well done but — unwisely. The owner of the trees would have been better off to have had many of the specimens cut down at once, or to have let them stand until a young and newly set orchard reached bear- ing age. Neglected peach trees, unless too seriously afflicted with borers, may often be brought back to usefulness by a process of dehead- ing or " dehorning," as it is often called. The branches are cut back very severely, even to mere stubs, but preferably with some small branches or twigs near the apexes of the parts left. When the work is finished the trees generally look like mere stumps; but by the close of the season new growths will have clothed the stubs and among these, the following spring, the best may be selected and cut back for fruit bearing, the balance being removed entirely. The proper time to do this work is in March, or, even better, after the blossoms have fallen in a year when frost has destroyed them and there is little or no chance of fruit. This last statement has special application to cases where the owner may pick and choose his time for doing the work during a series of years. He may thus take advantage of a year when he will get no fruit any way and thus lose nothing in this direction but gain in improvement of tree. With apples the dehorning method is also practised but results are usually less spectacular in their speedy appearance. Far less wood is generally removed in proportion to the size of the trees, and most of it is taken from the upper and outer parts. When finished the trees look less stump-like than in the case of peaches. 355 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK As a general statement, it will not be worth while dehorning apple trees unless they have sound hearts. This may be determined by the condition of the trunk. When the trunks show good health, have no stubs of former branches, or where the stubs are small or are still perfectly sound, the probability is the trees may be worked over to good ad- vantage. Even large quantities of small dead branches in the tops are often no indication of the recuperative power of the trees because death may have been caused by San Jose scale, disease, or other trouble. Removal of these is the preliminary step in rejuvenation. Often no more wood should be taken out the first year because sufficient light will enter to give the younger parts left a better chance than before, especially when correct spraying follows as part of the reclamation plan. A generally safe and sure indication of the recuperative power of the tree is the growth of suckers and watersprouts. If these are numer- ous and sturdy they indicate plenty of root power ; if small, few and weak, the reverse. When branches are removed, leaving stubs, decay is sure sooner or later to enter and rot out the heart wood. Thus we get "bee-trees!" Woodpeckers often take advantage of such con- ditions to build their nests in the decaying wood. In time the whole interior decays, leaving nothing but a shell which sooner or later breaks down, leaving ruins. The correct way to remove branches is to leave no stubs, not even shoulders. New tissue grows over such wounds readily thus sealing the tissues. Unless the wounds are larger than two inches in diameter there is no need to paint them with anything; they will heal before decay can get a start — provided they are made as just described. When larger" it is well to use a strong antiseptic, but to exercise extreme care that it touches nothing but the heart wood, for it will de- stroy the growing tissues. The Lrush used should be pressed against the pail containing the liquid until no fluid runs back and only then should it be applied to the heartwood. By painting with avenarius carbolineum or with creosote better results may be secured than with paint, because these materials are anti- septics that penetrate the tissue and not merely coverings for the 356 J THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK surface. Often decay enters in spite of paints and the tree breaks down as soon as if no painting were done. When large branches are to be removed the tearing of the trunk may be avoided by making three cuts, the first a foot or more from the trunk or main Hmb that is to remain and this cut always on the under side of the limb. When the saw binds or sticks the second cut is to be made above and close to the first one. Soon the branch will drop of its own weight Then the stub left may be cut where the final wound should always be — close to the part that is to remain, so no stub will be left. Tools to use in renovation work are saws, lopping shears, and perhaps pole pruners. For small branches the pruning saw, with a frame like a meat saw but narrowing toward the front so as to go in small quarters, is the most effective. For larger limbs the same style, except that the front has more of a bow. Both of these are provided with swivel blades which may be instantly tilted so as to saw at any angle. They should also have handles shaped like a carpenter's saw and large enough to admit of wear- ing a thick glove. The double-edged saw is an abomination ! No one who respects his trees uses it. For very large branches a large saw resembling a carpenter's crosscut, but narrower, is useful — when renovation work must be done. In choosing lopping shears the simpler the construction the better. Those with a lock nut, or better still, a ratchet, are pre- ferable to those with only a rivet or a bolt. Illustrations of good, bad and indifferent tools and of many of the subjects discussed in the lecture may be found in my book, Principles and Prac- tise of Pruning. The most " indifferent " pruning tool and the one least used by practical orchardists is the " pole pruner," of which many styles are on the market. None of them is capable of doing really first class work, simply because the operator is too far away from his work. Except for removing the tips of rampant branches beyond reach of saw, shears, or knife, they have no use. If one feels he must have one, the least objection- able is the simplest — the one with the fewest parts. Never should the blade enter a slot because this is sure to become clogged with debris. The pruning of ornamental shrubs may be summed up in three 357 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK words : Prune after flowering. Of course, dead and diseased wood may be removed at any time. But the cutting of twigs and branches during winter is probably wrong in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, because no account is taken of the method which the plant follows in producing its blossom buds. Flower- ing shrubs are of two classes : those which develop their blossom- buds during one summer and autumn for bloom in the following spring — ^by far the largest class since it includes all shrubs that flower before midsummer ; the other, those few that make their flowers late in summer on the growths of the same season's de- velopment. To the first belong the lilac, golden bell, Judas-tree or red bud, etc. ; to the second, hydrangea and other bushes that bloom in late summer. A group that may be considered as between these two includes weigela, some of the spiraeas (the late bloomers), common quinces, and other shrubs which bear their flowers on short shoots developed from buds that have been formed the previous summer. They differ from the first group in that the over-wintering buds contain nascent stems and leaves as well as flowers, instead of flowers only. From the second group they differ in that these buds are developed the previous, instead of the same, season. 358 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L, BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL R B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS CLEMENT MOORE ADOLPH LEWISOHN PATRICK O'MARA GEO. N. MILLER GEO. T. POWELL JAMES WOOD Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie. N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden. Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON 1. S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING JOHN E. LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA J. H. TROY M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH E. C. VICK E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women'i AttzilUry MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MISS EDITH WETMORE MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS Journal of tfje Jlortttultural Soctetpof j^eto l^orfe Vol. II, No. 25 ^^m^fl^^m l^AY, 1920 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page The International Flower Show 359 Proceedings of the Society : February 18, 1920 366 March 17, 1920 366 April 21, 1920 ••'... 367 May Exhibitions 367 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. LIBRA I? Y e«W ^ NEW Ytt.tK Journal botanical Of ti^e horticultural ^ocietj> of J^eto ^orfe INCORPORATED I902 Vnl 11 No 7S '5^"^'' MAY lC)7n Free to members yui. II, l^V. CJ Quarterly mm, IVcyj By subscription $1.00 per yeas THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW The Annual Spring Flower Show was held at the Grand Cen- tral Palace, March 15 to 21, under the auspices of the Horticul- tural Society of New York, the New York Florists' Club, and the American Rose Society. It was formally opened by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson at 2 P.M. ^Monday by the pressing of a tele- graph key at Washington. This was the sixth international show, that for 1919 having been omitted on account of the war condi- tions. The show was a great success artistically and financially, much of this success being due to the efforts along the line of exhibits made by private growers, notably Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mrs. Payne W^hitney, and Mr. W. B. Thompson. An important event on the opening day was the visit of Gen. Pershing, attended by a body guard of soldiers and marines. He made an inspection of the exhibition, and was en- tertained in the tea garden. The general plan of the main floor was markedly different from that of other years, and by many considered a great improvement. Hitherto a longitudinal central aisle has divided the exhibits, giving a vista the whole length of the hall. This yeai^ groups were placed at the head of the main stairway, flanked each side by an aisle. These lateral aisles were broken by other groups, again continuing, but nearer together, and terminating in a large ^_ transverse area, the main feature of which was a fountain sur- *-'^ rounded by ferns. Beyond the fountain the aisles were again — continued but farther apart. ■ At the head of the main stairway was an exquisite group of ^ 3 59 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK flowering plants and bulbs, a charming introduction to a beau- tiful show. This was exhibited by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn, Ards- ley, N. Y., and was staged under the direction of John Canning, superintendent, to whom great credit and compliments are due for the delicacy and charm of the arrangement and color har- mony. It was the winner of the first prize in this class. In the background and along the sides were fine specimens of acacias, Buddleia osiatica, Tausendschon and American Pillar roses, lilacs, Cihothmi Schiedei, chorizema, Easter lilies, and other plants. In the centre was a statue, with a pool and streams of water; in the foreground a bed of Begonia Cincinnati, outlined with Primula malacoidcs alba. Among other plants adding color and charm to the group were nemesias, calendulas, heuchera. Primula malacoidcs, sweet alyssum, dafifodils, larkspurs, Darwin tulips, white hydrangeas. Iris tingitania, columbines, cinerarias, lupines and genistas. Further on, obstructing the lateral aisles, were the two rose gardens, one on each side of the hall. That in the right was ex- hibited by A. N. Pierson, Inc., winner of the first prize. A broad walk down the centre of this terminated in a round pergola. The roses in the beds were of the dwarf polyantha type ; the rose on the pergola and fence was Newport Fairy. Quite in contrast to this, and of a lighter and more airy de- sign, was the rose garden of IMr. F. R. Pierson, the winner of the second prize. There was considerable controversy as to the merits of the awards. In the rear was a semicircular pergola, on which and on the enclosing fence was the climbing rose Tausends- chon. In the pergola was a seat, facing a sun dial in. the rear- center of the garden, dwarf polyantha roses forming the bed back of the seat. There was a more varied display of roses in the beds than in the other garden. Here, in addition to the dwarf polyanthas already referred to, were the following hybrid tea roses : Prince de Bulgarie. Mrs. T. Hillas, H. V. Machin, Geo. C. Waud, Ophelia, Mrs. Aaron Ward, Lady Alice Stanley, Col. Leclerc, Radiance, Columbia, Mme. Leon Pain, Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller, Mme. Edouard Herriot, Marie Adelaide, Car- dinal, and Florence Pemberton. The beds, as in the other gar- den, were surrounded by green turf. 360 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Between the two rose gardens was the exhibit of acacias and clivias made by Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener. This was one of the most attractive displays in the show, the large plants of acacia, in full bloom, adding a charm of color and of fragrance, the fragrance of that delicate type which is apparent but not obtrusive. The species of acacia were : leprosa, hispidissima, annata, jiiniperma, heterophyUa, and longifolia and its variety magnifica. This display received a spe- cial prize of a gold medal. The pool, twenty feet in diameter, and fountain, surrounded by ferns, was located near the middle of the hall. The aquatics in the pool were exhibited by Wm> Tricker. The ferns surrounding the fountain were shown by Mr. F. R. Pierson. In addition to fine specimens of adiantum, Cibotiiim Schiedci, and Polypodium Mandaianum, were finei plants of the following forms of Nephrolcpsis exaltata: Teddy, Jr., Verona, Victory, Roosevelti, elcgantlssima, elcgantissima compacta, SchoheU, and a sport of the same, Ehnsfordi, muscosa, Witcheri, Gen. Pershing, Harrisii, Harroweri, Whitmani, SuiitJiii, snpcrhissima, viridissinia-, cristata, and splendens. To the left of the fountain was the Dutch garden exhibited by John Scheepers, Inc., of N. Y. City, one of the most attractive and most admired features of the show. In the rear was a white pergola with tall fluted columns, the whole overhung with smilax, the interior provided with artistic garden furniture, a most rest- ful combination. To the left of this was a background of tall red cedars, a striking and effective contrast to the white of the per- gola, and emphasizing the flowering shrubs directly in front of them. The whole garden was enclosed with a white picket fence. A white basin, supported on a square column, was placed in the center of a small central area, forming the intersection of longi- tudinal and transverse paths, pebble-covered. In the corners formed by these paths were beds of the tulip Coronne d'Or. Next to the fence was a marginal border, outlined with Euony- mus japonicus varicgatus, in which was a wealth of tulips, hya- cinths, and daffodils, the colors carefully selected and arranged, so that the general effect was one of harmony and repose. Mr. Scheepers deserves great credit for the skill displayed in the ar- rangement. 361 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK To the right of the fountain was the rock garden exhibited by the Detmer Nurseries, Tarrytown, N. Y. On the right aisle con- tinuing beyond the fountain was the orchid section on the right side, and the flower garden of Mrs. Payne Whitney on the other. While the other aisle had on one side the exhibit of Easter Lilies of Mr. A. L. INIiller and the exhibit of ferns of the Robert Craig Co., Philadelphia, Pa., and on the other side the border of spring bulbs shown by John Scheepers, Inc. The group of foliage and flowering plants exhibited by Mr. Adclph Lewisohn, the winner of the first prize in this class, was one of the best ever shown at the spring exhibitions. It was full of color and the arrangement good. The background and sides were made up mainly of tall acacias, crotons, Easter lilies, Biidd- leia asiatica, Tausendschon roses, Cibotium Schicdei, and chori- zema, among many others. The bed of the exhibit contained long spravs of yellow oncidiums. Primula nialacoides and its white variety, adiantums, Phalaenopsis, Pandanus Veitchii, Dracaena Goldieana and another dracaena, hydrangeas, snapdragons, and Selag'mella caesia. The group of foliage and flowering plants exhibited by Mr. W. B. Thompson, Yonkers, N. Y., was in excellent taste and arrange- ment ; the second prize was awarded to it. It contained, among other plants, the following: Primula ohconica, P. ketvensis, and P. malacoidcs, cinerarias, cyclamens, hyacinths, Easter lilies, aza- leas, crotons, pink astilbes, fine specimens of Dracaena Victoria, Phoenix Rocbelinii, heucheras, Caladium hicolor, wall-flowers, daffodils, and gypsophil, with fine specimens of crotons and palms. The winner of the second prize in the class for a group of flowering plants and bulbs was Mrs. Payne Whitney. This was also a charming group well-arranged, the main color efifect being rose and yellow. A sun dial with a circular bed of lily-of-the- valley and Primula malacoidcs formed the central feature, the walks being outlined with lily-of-the-valley. A white fence bounded the group in the rear. Among other plants were the following: Marguerites, tulips, hyacinths. Primula malacoidcs and its white variety, freesias, genistas, astilbes, Primula oh- conica, cinerarias, cyclmens, white lilacs, and Easter lilies. The orchid display, while perhaps not so large as in other years, 362 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK contained many fine and notable specimens. A collection of cut blooms, exhibited by the J. Manda Co., of West Orange, N. J., contained over eighty vases, and received the first prize. A group of twelve plants, in variety, arranged for effect, won the first prize in that class for Mr. Jas. B. Duke, Somerville, N. J., A. E. Miles, gardener ; the second prize was won by the J. Manda Co. In the class calling for a group of twenty-five plants, in variety, arranged for effect, the J. Manda Co. won first prize, the group containing, among others, unusually fine specimens of the genus Cymbidiuin, such as Wiganiana, Beatrice, Castor, Capella. Diana, and Alexander! ; Lager & Hurrell, of Summit, N. J., secured the second prize in the same class. For six hybrids, to be Cattleya, Brasso-Cattleya, Laelio-Cattleya, Brasso-Laelia, and Laelia, the J. Manda Co. took first prize. In the private growers class for cut orchids, Mr. A. N. Cooley. Pittsfield,' Mass., took first prize. Mr. Jas. B. Duke was awarded a special prize, a gold medal, for a fine collection. A new Brasso-Catflcya hybrid, kept under a glass shade, was admired by all. It was named by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, " Mavehona," which means in the Cheyenne Indian language " The Princess." A new variety of Cattleya Schroederae raised by the J. Manda Co. was called Gen. Pershing. The displays of cut roses were superb. An exhibit was to cover three hundred square feet and contain not less than five hundred nor more than a thousand roses, with decorative greens of any kind, including plants, permitted. The first display was on Tuesday, Traendly & Schenck capturing the first prize, the sec- ond going to ]\Ir. F. R. Pierson. The display was repeated on Friday, this time the winner of the first prize being the Duckham- Pierson Co., Madison, N. J., the second prize again going to Mr. F. R. Pierson, and the third to A. N. Pierson, Inc., of Crom- well. Ct. The A. N. Pierson Co., Inc., exhibited a fine group of flower- ing and foliage stove and greenhouse plants, winning first prize therefor. Many plants oi Bougainvillaea gave to the group the peculiar purple color of the flower-bracts of that plant. Other plants in the group were : Medinilla magnifica, Pandanus Veitchii, calatheas, crotons. Daphne Cneorum, cordyhnes, dracaenas, in- 363 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK eluding D. Sanderiana, Selaginella, Coccolohis piibescens, Adi- antitm farleycnse, Cibotium Schiedei, anthuriums, marantas, and Paiilinia thalictroides. The first contest for table decorations, private growers, was on Friday, any flowers but orchids and sweet peas being allowed. The winner of the first prize in this competition was Mr. Adolph Lewisohn. This was a charming setting. The centre piece was tall, above the line of vision, made up of pink roses, larkspurs, with a small yellow flower intermixed, and adiantum foliage. The four table bouquets were of sweet alyssum, pansies, and adiantum sprays, with a small flower and forget-me-nots mixed in. The boutonnieres were of forget-me-nots, pansies and adiantum. The corsages were made up of pink roses, forget-me-nots, and adiantum, tied with blue ribbon. The second prize was won by Mr. Spencer Eddy, Manhasset, N. Y., L. Hubbard, gardener; the flowers used were lily-of-the-valley, Primula malacoidcs, with adiantum sprays. The table decorations restricted to sweet peas were staged on Saturday, other foliage than that of sweet peas being permissible. Here the winner of the first prize was again INIr. Adolph Lewi- sohn, of the second Mrs. Payne Whitney, and of the third Mr, S. Ballance. Mr. W. R. Coe, Oyster Bay, N. Y., made a display of camellia flowers. This was unusual and interesting, attracting much at- tention. For this he was awarded a special prize of a gold medal. A group of vegetables, to which an award of a gold medal was made, was exhibited by Mr. Chas. M. Schwab, Loretta, Pa., Nathan Ireland, gardener. Of unusual interest was a little col- lection of rock plants, exhibited by Mrs. L. S. Chalner. This was awarded a special prize of a silver medal. There were of course the usual competitive displays of cut roses, carnations, and sweet peas, for both private and commer- cial growers. Then there were wonderful displays of miscel- laneous flowers, including mignonette, snapdragons, freesias, schizanthus, cinerarias, stocks, primulas in several varieties, cy- clamens, tulips, hyacinths, and many others. The Department of Parks, Borough of Manhattan, made a large and decorative exhibit of palms and flowering plants, for 364 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK which a gold medal was awarded. The Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, also made an exhibit. Some of the commercial booths were very decorative and strik- ing, among these being those of F. R. Pierson, Max Schling, and A. N. Pierson, Inc. The retail florists of the city were again in evidence by their absence. It seems strange that these merchants, to whom the popularization of flowers should mean so much, are so unaware of the value of these large flower shows to their business. Max Schling, Inc., was a notable exception, the daily change here of bouquets and baskets making it a never-ceasing attraction to the public. The Allied Loyalty League conducted a tea garden in the bal- cony. Each day one of the nations took charge, the allotment being as follows : Monday : America ; Gen. Pershing visited the show and was entertained at the tea garden. Tuesday : England ; Gov. Smith and staff visited the show. Wednesday : France. Thursday : Italy. Friday : Russia. Saturday : Belgium and Servia. Sun- day : All the allies. In addition to the permanent exhibits which were placed in position on the opening day, the following displays were staged on special days : Monday : miscellaneous cut flowers, such as snapdragons, ama- ryllis, callas, freesias, lilacs, mignonette, stocks, violets, and orchids. Tuesday : cut roses, private growers ; cut roses, commercial growers ; display of cut roses ; hotel table decorations. Wednesday : carnations, private growers ; carnations, commer- cial growers; table decorations, cut orchids, private growers. Friday : sweet peas, private growers ; sweet peas, commercial growers ; dinner table decorations, any flowers but orchids or sweet peas, private growers ; display of cut roses ; display of carnations, commercial growers. Saturday : dinner table decorations, sweet peas, private growers. The show was a great success, both artistically and financially. The attendance was large, and the greater fee for admission made the financial receipts very satisfactory. 365 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mr. A. Herrington certainly deserves hig-h praise for the ar- rangement of the exhibits, and the general plan of the exhibition, which was a great improvement upon that of other years. The breaking up of the aisles furnished constantly new surprises as one walked from exhibit to exhibit, always something new ap- pearing just around the corner. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY February i8, 1920 A meeting of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held Wednesday, February 18, 1920, 8: 15 P. M., in the west assembly room, American Museum of Natural History. This room proved too small for the audience, and so adjournment was taken to the large lecture hall. The lecture was by Mr. Adolph Kruhm on "Vegetable Gardens." The lecturer gave a very in- structive and interesting talk on this subject, and after the lecture many questions were asked, attesting the interest of the audience in the subject. March 17, 1920 A meeting of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held on Wednesday, March 17, 1920, at 8: 15 P. M., in the large lecture hall of the American Museum of Natural History. The lecture was by the Rev. Edmund M. Mills on " Rose Gar- dens." Mr. Mills is a director of the American Rose Society, and is president of the Syracuse Rose Soicety, one of the largest amateur horticultural societies in the country. He has been an enthusiastic amateur rose grower for over forty years. His re- marks were profusely illustrated with a series of lantern slides, depicting the many rose gardens he had seen. He had a personal touch to add to each slide. The lecture was much enjoyed by a good sized audience. 366 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK April 21, 1920 A meeting- of the society, at which no business was transacted, was held Wednesday, April 21, 1920, at 8: 15 P. M., in the large lecture hall of the American Museum of Natural History. The lecture was by Mr. J. Otto Thilow on "Annuals and Perennials for the Garden." :\Ir. Thilow is a very entertaining talker, and is thoroughly up in his subject, having been associated with plants for many years. He showed a large series of slides, depicting the best annuals and perennials to use in the garden to get the maxi- mum effect. His talk was listened to attentively by a good sized audience, which at the close asked many questions. MAY EXHIBITIONS There were two exhibitions held in May. both at the New York Botanical Garden, one on the 8th and 9th, the other on the 22d and 23d. The first, which was held at the time of the annual meeting of the society, was very small, the unpropitious weather resulting in few exhibits. The New York Botanical Garden made an exhibit of shrubs and trees and of herbaceous plants. Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, made a fine exhibit of pelargoniums and calceolarias, six plants of each. The first prize was awarded in each instance. The plants were superbly grown specimens, for Mr. Stuart is an adapt at this kind of culture. At the meeting of the board of directors on the 8th it was de- cided to hold another exhibition on the 22d and 23d, but to issue no schedule. Our society and the New York Botanical Garden were to share equaly in the payment of the prizes. An announce- ment was made of this exhibition. The prizes offered were of course special. ^Irs. F. Eugene Dixon, Elkins Park, Philadelphia, Pa., Jas. Goodier, gardener, exhibited a new hybrid orchid called Laelio- Cattlcya Eleanor Dixon, a cross between Laelio-Cattleya C. G. RochVuig and Cattlcya Gaskclliana olbcscetis. It was a charming orchid, and the judges awarded it a gold medal. The Cedar Hill 3^7 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Nursery, Glen Head, N. Y., made a display of lilacs. This was a fine collection, and to it was awarded a cash prize. Mrs. Ernest Iselin, Davenport Neck, New Rochelle, N. Y., Duncan Mclntyre, gardener, made three fine displays, one of shrubs, another of vegetables, and the third of lilacs. To each of these a cash prize was awarded. The New York Botanical Garden also made ex- hibits of shrubs and trees and of herbaceous plants. 368 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS GEO. N. MILLER ADOLPH LEWISOHN CLEMENT MOORE GEO. T. POWELL Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden. Bronx Park, N. Y. City Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman F. L. ATKINS T. A. HAVEMEYER JULIUS ROEHRS N. L. BRITTON I. S. HENDRICKSON JOHN SCHEEPERS ROBT. T. BROWN HENRY HICKS E. B. SOUTHWICK JOHN CANNING ?JOHN E. LAGER JAMES STUART JAS. W. CROMWELL J. A. MANDA J. H. TROY M. C. EBEL GEORGE V. NASH E. C. VI CK E. FARDEL F. R. NEWBOLD Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS.CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MISS EDITH, WETMORE MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS Journal of tl)e Jlorttniltural Societp of i^eto JSorfe Vol. II, No. 26 ^^^^^ "^^l^^O^^' EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Pace Flower Shows 369 Proceedings of the Society: Annual Meeting, May 8, 1920 370 Twentieth Annual Report of the Board of Directors , 372 Treasurer's Statement, for the Year Ending April 30, 1920 375 Membership 377 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY INTELLIGENCER PRINTING CO. LANCASTER, PA. 3(oumal of ti^e Horticultural ^octetp of jBteto ^orfe NEW VORK BOTANICAL Incorporated 1902 Vnl n Nf> 2fi J^^^^^ AlIfillST 1^70 Free to Members VUl. II, 1>U. ^O Quarterly rtUUUOl, IV^U By subscription $1.00 per year FLOWER SHOWS An exhibition of plants and flowers was held, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, in the Museum building of that institution, on Saturday and Sunday, June 12 and 13. The New York Botanical Garden made a large exhibit of irises and other herbaceous plants, including peonies; also a dis- play of flowering shrubs and trees, and of roses. A Gladiolus Exhibition was held, in cooperation with the New York Botanical Garden, in the Museum building of that institution, on Saturday and Sunday, August 21 and 22. The premiums were offered by the New York Botanical Garden, from the income of the William R. Sands Fund. In the classes open to all the following awards were made: for the best vase of white, twenty-five spikes, the Cedar Hill Nursery, Glen Head, N. Y., obtained the first prize. This nursery also secured first prizes in the following classes, twenty- five spikes in each class: best vase of pink; best vase of red; and best vase of any other color. For the best centre piece for the table. Mills & Co., Mamaroneck, N. Y., won the first prize. In the classes for non-commercial growers the following awards were made: for the best collection of named varieties Herman Rindfleisch, Mamaroneck, N. Y., was awarded the first prize. He also won first prizes for the following classes: best six varieties, three spikes of each; best vase of white, six spikes; best vase of pink, six spikes; and best vase of any other 369 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK color, six spikes. In the class for six red, six spikes, Mr. Rind- fleisch won the second prize, the first not being awarded. The following special prizes were awarded: Thos. P. Hollingsworth, Mamaroneck, N. Y., for collection of dahlias, cash. Herman Rindfleisch, for collection of dahlias, cash; for vase of twelve varieties of dahlias, cash; and for a vase of seedling dahlias, special mention. Cedar Hill Nursery, for vase of Lilium auratum platyphyllum, silver medal. x\lfred E. Doty, New Haven, Conn., for vase of dahlia "Presi- dent Wilson," silver medal. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J., for group of home- grown hybrid orchids, gold medal; and for five vases of del- phinium, cash. Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., Jas. Stuart, gardener, for vase of primulinus hybrid gladioli, cash. Mills & Co., for collection of dahlias, cash. C. Louis Ailing, West Haven, Conn., for display of dahlias, cash. The New York Botanical Garden made displays of gladioli and other flowering plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY Annual Meeting, May 8, 1920 The Annual Meeting of the Society was held on Saturday, May 8, 1920, 4:30 P. M., in the secretary's office. Mansion, New York Botanical Garden, the president presiding. There was a quorum present. The minutes of the annual meeting of May 10, 1919, were read and approved. The terms of the seven directors elected at the annual meeting in May, 191 7, having expired, nomina- tions were called for their successors, to be elected for a term of three years. The following nominations were made: Robt. T. Brown J. A. Manda John Canning Julius Roehrs I. S. Hendrickson Jas. Stuart J. E. Lager 370 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK No Other nominations were made, and a resolution was passed closing the nominations. The secretary was authorized unanimously to cast an afifirma- tive ballot for the election of the above nominees for a term of three years. This was done and they were declared elected by the chair. Dr. N. L. Britton was nominated to succeed himself as dele- gate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences. He was unanimously elected. The following election officers for the annual meeting to be held in May, 1921, were unanimously elected: Tellers— K. R. Boynton, H. W. Becker. Alternates — Henry Hicks, E. Fardel. The following were announced as representatives of this so- ciety on the Flower Show Committee for the spring show of 1921: F. L. Atkins, John Canning, T. A. Havemeyer, J. A, Manda, F. R. Newbold, F. R. Pierson, James Stuart, and John Scheepers. An invitation from the Woman's National Farm and Garden Association was read, to attend the meeting of that organiza- tion on the afternoon of May 25, 1920. The following resolution, adopted by the Board of Directors at a meeting held this day, was read: Resolved: That the Board of Directors of the Horticultural Society of New York disapprove of any action which might tend to commercialize the spring flower show. This action of the Board was approved and unanimously adopted by the society. There being no further business before the society, adjourn- ment was taken at 4:50. •George V. Nash, Secretary. 371 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Presented May 8, 1920 The close of the eighteenth year of the incorporation of the society, and the twentieth of its existence, finds the society with a membership considerably increased over that of last year, due to a renewed activity in a new membership cam- paign. The membership now stands at 826, as follows: Patrons, 4; Sustaining Members, 8; Life Members, 177; Annual Mem- bers, 614; Associate Members, 21; Corresponding Members, 2. During the year there have been added: 4 Sustaining Mem- bers, 13 Life Members, no Annual Members, and 13 Associate Members, making a total of 140. During the same period the losses have been as follows: by death 18, of which 6 are life members and 12 annual members; by resignation, 25; dropped on account of non-payment of dues, i sustaining member and 30 annual members; making a total of 74. This leaves the net gain in membership for the year 66, as follows: sustaining members, 3; life members, 7; annual members, 43; associate members, 13. At the meeting of the Board of Directors on June 7, 1919, in accordance with the constitution and by-laws, officers of the society for the ensuing year were elected from the member- ship of the Board. The election resulted as follows: President: T. A. Havemeyer. Vice-presidents: N. L. Britton, Jas. W. Cromwell, E. B. Southwick. Treasurer: F. R. Newbold. Secretary: George V. Nash. Chairman of the Board: F. R. Pierson. The following committee was appointed to meet with a like committee of the New York Florists' Club to confer as to the holding of a flower show in the spring of 1921: F. L. Atkins, John Canning, T. A. Havemeyer, J. A. Manda, F. R. Newbold, F. R. Pierson, James Stuart, and John Scheepers. The permanent fund is $35,982.61. 372 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK On June 7, 1919, the following resolution was unanimously adopted by the Board of Directors: Resolved: That the annual dues of all members of the so- ciety who have been in the military or naval service of the country be remitted for the duration of the service of such members. The society has held the following meetings, those from May to September at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder at the American Museum of Natural History: May 10, 1919. Annual Meeting. A lecture in the course of the New York Botanical Garden was delivered by Dr. A. B. Stout on "Plant Hybrids; How Produced; Their Uses." June 7. A lecture in the Garden course by Dr. H. A. Gleason on "The Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg, Java." August 23. A lecture in the Garden course delivered by Mr. A. Herrington on "Flowering Shrubs." September 20. A lecture in the Garden course by Dr. M. A. Howe on "Dahlias and Their Culture." November 19. A lecture on the "Fall Planting of Bulbs," by Mr. A. Herrington. December 17. A lecture on "Korea and Its Vegetation," by Mr. E. H. Wilson, assistant director of the Arnold Arboretum. January 21, 1920. A lecture by Mr. M. G. Kains on "Prun- ing, Especially in its Relation to Fruit Trees and Ornamental Shrubs." February 18. A lecture by Mr. Adolph Kruhm on "Vege- table Gardens." March 17. A lecture on "Rose Gardens," by the Rev. Ed- mund M. Mills. April 21. A lecture by Mr. J. Otto Thilow on "Annuals and Perennials for the Garden." The following exhibitions were held, those from May to September at the New York Botanical Garden, the remainder, except the Spring Show, at the American Museum of Natural History: May 10 and 11, 1919. In connection with the annual meet- ing. June 7 and 8. Rose and peony show. 373 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK August 23 and 24. Gladiolus show. September 20 and 21. Dahlia show. October 30 to November 2. The Annual Fall Show. March 15 to 21. The annual Spring Show at the Grand Central Palace. The society maintained a booth at this show. This was the home and meeting place for members of the so- ciety, and an invitation was extended to visiting horticultural societies and garden clubs to make use of it also. November 8 to 10. At the new Central Display House of the New York Botanical Garden, in cooperation with that institution. This was held at the time of the opening of that house to the public. The society contributed to the fund re- quired for prizes. The New York Botanical Garden offered the premiums for the shows held at that institution, from the income of the Wm. R. Sands fund. The Board of Directors held eight meetings, as follows: at the New York Botanical Garden, May 10, June 7, August 23, and September 20; at the American Museum of Natural His- tory, November i, December 17, February 27, and April 14. A new departure of the society was the establishment of a stated monthly meeting date, the third Wednesday in each month from November to April, inclusive. These were held at the American Museum of Natural History, a lecture being provided for each one. The attendance at these lectures was very gratifying; a detailed account of the matter will be found in the Journal for February, 1920. The Journal has been issued quarterly as follows: Vol- ume n, no. 21, May, 1919, 20 pages; no. 22, August, 1919, 14 pages; no. 23, November, 1919, 10 pages; no. 24, February, 1920, 12 pages; total, 56 pages. A list of the membership and a report of the treasurer are appended to this report. George V. Nash, F. R. Pierson, Secretary. Chairman, 374 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK TREASURER'S STATEMENT For THE Year Ending April 30, 1920 Permanent Fund Credits Balance from 1918-19 account $29,781.55 Less losses by sale of Liberty Bonds: 5m First Liberty Bonds $4,934.50 By loss 65.50 5m Third Liberty Bonds 4,643.50 By loss 356.50 Less total loss 422.00 Balance $29,359-55 By Life Membership Fees $700.00 By Sustaining Membership Dues 150.00 850.00 Interest Account: 5m Buffalo, Roch. & Pitts $225.00 6m Am. Cann. Co. Dbt. Bonds 300.00 5m Mich. Cent. Equipt. Trust. 300.00 5m Third Liberty Bonds 212.50 6m Illinois Steel Co. Bonds. . . . 270.00 Accrued interest received at time of sale: First Liberty Bonds 72.43 Third Liberty Bonds 13.58 Poughkeepsie Savings Bank Ac- count 77.01 On loan 25.00 Income account repaid by general account 500.00 ^1,995-52 Less accrued interest paid at time of purchase of: 5m Mich. Cent. Equipt. Bonds $60.83 5m Texas Co. Bonds 28.19 4m West. Electric Co. Bonds. . 5.44 94.46 375 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Balance i ,901 .06 International Flower Show: Profit on account $4,000.00 Less expenses: Attendant $35-oo Rent, furniture, etc 85.00 Signs 8.00 128.00 Balance 3,872.00 Total $35,982.61 Investments Broadway Savings Inst, account $ 6.51 Poughkeepsie Savings Bank account 1,337.42 Barr Memorial Fund 646.74 6m Am. Cann. Co. Dbt. Bonds, at cost, 5% 6,005.00 5m Buffalo, Roch. & Pitts. Equip. Trust Bonds, at cost, 4>^% 5,000.00 6m Illinois Steel Co. Dbt. Bonds, 4>^%, at cost 5457-50 5m Mich. Cent. Railway Co. Equipt. Trust Bonds, 6%, at cost 5.030.33 5m Texas Co., 3-year Bonds, 7%, at cost. 4,946.88 4m West. Electric, 5-year Bonds, 7%, at cost 3,950.00 War Savings Stamps, at cost: Series 18-23 419.00 Series 19-24 4i5-00 Cash Account, balance in Bankers Trust $33,214.38 Co. account 2,768.23 $35,982.61 General Fund Receipts Cash account balance from 191 8-1 9 account $565.62 Fruit Tree Fund balance, 1918-19 account. . 271.75 837.37 376 I THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF XEW YORK Interest on loans 8i .46 Sales of Journal 1.00 Annual Dues account 3,230.00 Special Fund, November Show. 1919 1,424.50 15.574-33 Disbursements Petty Cash, Secretary $500.00 Petty Cash, Treasurer 28.37 Journal account 237.62 Prizes account 844.10 Medals account 149-36 Salary account. Secretary 750.00 Expense account, general 252.55 Expense account, shows 535-30 Lectures account 495-45 Income account repaid to Perma- nent Fund account 500.00 $4,292.75 Cash account balance in Bankers Trust Co. account i. 281. 58 $5,574-33 Respectfully submitted, Frederic R. Newbced, Treasurer. Audited by T. A. Havemeyer. MEMBERSHIP For the Year Ending April 30, 1920 Patrons Archer M. Huntington Miss Emily Trevor Mrs. Charles H. Senff Mrs. J. B. Trevor Sustaining Members Mrs. F. H. Allen C. M. Garrison Miss S. D. Bliss Clarence H. Mackay Mrs. W. B. Dinsmore Mrs. Geo. W. Perkins Countess de Laugier-Villars C. Blaine Warner 377 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Life Members Edward D. Adams H. B. Adriance Cornelius Rea Agnew Miss Mary S. Ames Dr. S. T. Armstrong Mrs. E. S. Auchincloss, Jr. Mrs. Robert Bacon Mrs. George F. Baker, Jr. S. Prentiss Baldwin E. J. Berwind Miss E. Billings Mrs. C. Ledyard Blair Mrs. William H. Bliss George Blumenthal George McKesson Brown Mrs. Harold Brown Mrs. Henry Burden Louis Burk Albert C. Burrage F. V. Burton W. R. Callender Mrs. Ina Campbell Henry W. Cannon Hamilton Carhartt Carl Oscar Carlson Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Louis S. Chanler Mrs. Chas. M. Chapin Chester W. Chapin S. B. Chapin Percy Chubb L. B. Coddington W. Colgate Mrs. F. A. Constable R. L. Cottenet Mrs. R. J. Cross Mrs. Bayard Cutting Mrs. Ira Davenport Charles H. Davis Gherardi Davis Mrs. Gherardi Davis Charles Deering Mrs. John R. Delafield Maturin L. Delafield Moreau Delafield C. Dillon Mrs. Henry F. Dimock Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge L. W. Dommerich Russell Doubleday Irenee du Pont Mrs. C. N. Edge Herman LeRoy Emmet Mrs. Arthur B. Emmons Eberhard Faber Wm. B. Osgood Field Mrs. Paul Fitzsimons James B. Ford J. B. Foulke Amos Tuck French Childs Frick Francis P. Garvin George J. Gould Simon Guggenheim L. T. Haggin E. S. Harkness Mrs. Edward S. Harkness Charles J. Harrah Mrs. McDougall Hawkes Francis R. Hitchcock Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman Theodore R. Hoyt Miss Laura Hurd Adrian Iselin 378 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK C. Oliver Iselin Columbus O'D. Iselin Mrs. Ernest Iselin Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James Mrs. Henry James Oliver G. Jennings Mrs. Pembroke Jones Nathaniel T. Kidder Miss Ellen King Robert Koehne Edward V. Z. Lane Charles Lanier Meyer H. Lehman S. M. Lehman Mrs. Frederick Elliott Lewis Reginald Minturn Lewis Mrs. Reginald M. Lewis Wadsworth Russell Lewis Mrs. William Goadby Loew Jno. H. Love James A. Macdonald Emerson MacMillin Mrs. John Markoe Louis Marshall James Marwick Mrs. J. McLean Alexander Michie A. G. Mills Ogden Mills J. P. Morgan Mrs. J. P. Morgan, Jr. Newbold Morris Hon. Levi P. Morton Abram G. Nesbitt F. R. Newbold Mrs. William Oilman Nichols Dudley Olcott James C. Parrish G. F. Peabody S. T. Peters Henry C. Phipps Howard Phipps F. R. Pierson P. W. Popp Miss B. Potter Mrs. George D. Pratt Frederick T. Proctor Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne Mrs. Percy R. Pyne Henry S. Redmond Mrs. George H. Richardson John J. Riker Nelson Robinson Mrs. Burke Roche Mrs. John A. Roebling Julius Roehrs John Roger Thomas Roland Mrs. James Roosevelt Horatio S. Rubens Daniel C. Sands Herbert L. Satterlee John Scheepers Grant B. Schley R. J. F. Schwarzenbach Mrs. A. Seton Mrs. W. D. Sloane F. W. Smythe Miss Mary O. Stevens C. C. Stillman Mrs. Carl Stoeckel Miss O. E. P. Stokes Miss E. J. Stone G. E. M. Stumpp William H. Taylor Charles G. Thompson 379 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson William B. Thompson James G. Timolat Robert E. Tod J. H. Troy F. D. Underwood Samuel Untermyer F. W. Vanderbilt Mrs. Barend Van Gerbig Felix M. Warburg Paul M. Warburg Mrs. John Hobart Warren Thomas G. Washburn John I. Waterbury Mrs. W. Seward Webb Hamilton Fish Webster Mrs. Sidney Webster Patrick Welch Hon. Geo. Peabody Wetmore Mrs. Payne Whitney Elmore A. Willets Mrs. M. Orme Wilson Edmond E. Wise Mrs. Anna Woerishoffer John Young Geo. A. Zabriskie William Ziegler, Jr. Annual Members Mrs. T. J. Abbott Mrs. F. T. Adams Henry S. Adams Mrs. John Dunbar Adams Mrs. J. Herman Aldrich Mrs. Richard Aldrich Mrs. W. H. Aldridge Douglas Alexander Mrs. John E. Alexandre Philip Allen Charles H. Allender Mrs. Frederick Allien William C. Anderson W. H. Andrews Francis J. Arend Mrs. Glover C. Arnold F. L. Atkins Mrs. W. C. Atwater Mrs. Edgar S. Auchincloss Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss James C. Auchincloss Ledyard Avery John V. Bacot, Jr. Frank Bailey Mrs. John Stuart Baird G. E. Baldwin W. D. Baldwin Jas. Ballantyne Chris Bambach Mrs. T. H. Barber Mrs. James L. Barclay Miss Katherine Barnes Dr. J. H. Barnhart George D. Barron Leonard Barron Mrs. A. Battin Mrs. George Gordon Battle H. W. Becker Dr. Otto F. Behrend August Belmont A. D. Bendheim Bruno Benziger Miss Harriet L. Biddle A. Bieschke 380 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Mary C. Bissell Willard G. Bixby Mrs. Robert C. Black Mrs. Walter P. Bliss Samuel J. Bloomingdale Mrs. H. C. Blum Hugo Blumenthal L. C. Bobbink Arthur T. Boddington Paul B. Boden G. T. Bonner N. E. Booth B. A. Boughan Miss Edith G. Bowdoin K. R. Boynton Mrs. H. A. Brayton Mrs. Walter S. Brewster Mrs. H. I. Brightman A. F. Brinckerhoff Charles Lyman Brinsmade John I. D. Bristol Dr. N. L. Britton Miss Aneita D. Brown Franklin Q. Brown Robert T. Brown Mrs. J. Hull Browning L. Duncan Bulkley William Bunker Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden Miss Caroline T. Burkham E. R. Burnett Wm. J. Burns Irving T. Bush Mrs. N. M. Butler John Butterworth Henry A. Caesar Henry L. Caiman H. H. Cammann Miss I. M. Cammann John Canning Emil Carlebach William T. Carrington Miss J. R. Cathcart Mrs. Talbot Chambers Mrs. John Jay Chapman Mrs. George H. Chatillon Miss Emily H. Chauncy Jose E. Chaves John Lewis Childs Mrs. Bruce Clark Mrs. Banyer Clarkson C. A. Coffin Mrs. Julius Henry Cohen Max Cohen Frederick A. Cole Miss E. Coleman George Edward Colon Mrs. C. H. Connor Mrs. R. G. Conreid C. S. Cook Madison Cooper Mrs. Martin Le Brun Cooper F. R. Cordley Miss F. M. Cottenet Mrs. Clarkson Cowl Mrs. William S. Cowles F. D. Crane Mrs. Paul D. Cravath William Crawford Mrs. Thomas Crimmins James W. Cromwell Miss M. R. Cross Mrs. W. Redmond Cross Mrs. Robert H. Crundon Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman Mrs. J. W. Cunningham 381 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Mrs. J. Clark Curtin G. Warrington Curtis Charles A. Dard Mrs. H. J. Davenport J. Clarence Davies H. W. de Forest Warren Delano William Adams Delano Mrs. C. D. Dickey C. F. Dieterich Chas. H. Ditson Mrs. C. H. Ditson Francis P. Dodge Mrs. M. J. Dodsworth L. W. Dommerich Otto L. Dommerich Mrs. Ruger Donoho Mrs. Frank N. Doubleday Mrs. W. H. Doughty Mrs. George William Douglas Mrs. Walter Douglas Charles A. Draper Dr. W. K. Draper Mrs. W. K. Draper Mrs. John Beverly Duer Henry F. du Pont Mrs. M. F. Dwight M. Dworetzky Mrs. Frederick H. Eaton M. C. Ebel Edmund Eckart Mrs. H. L. R. Edgar Mrs. Newbold Le Roy Edgar Richard Edie, Jr. George Ehret Wm. G. Ellis Abraham Erlanger Milton S. Erlanger Jackson Evans S. M. Evans A. W. Evarts John W. Everitt H. E. Exton Benjamin T. Fairchild E. Fardel Mrs. Max Farrand Mrs. Joseph Fels Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson George Ferguson William H. Fischer Mrs. Peter Fletcher Mrs. W. T. Floyd L. G. Forbes Theo. Foulk Mrs. R. L. Fowler, Jr. Miss Alice Bleecker Fox Miss J. K. Eraser Miss S. Grace Eraser Mrs. Frederick Frelinghuysen A. S. Frissell John W. Frothingham Felix Fuld Maurice Fuld Mrs. W. D. GaiUard Mrs. R. Horace Gallatin Miss Florence Gayley Mrs. Walter Geer George Giatras Robert W. Gibson Mrs. Morrill Goddard Arthur Golding Mrs. Paul Gottheil Charles Gotthelf Mrs. Clendenen Graydon John Greenough W. V. Griffin 382 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YERK Miss M. E. Griffith Miss Susan D. Griffith Mrs. Chester Griswold, Sr. Mrs. Victor Guinzburg Mrs. Wm. C. GulHver Miss Bell Gurnee Miss Edith Haas Mrs. Arnold Hague Mrs. John H. Hall L. Gordon Hamersley Miss Eliz. Stewart Hamilton Mrs. W. P. Hardenbergh Mrs. F. Denham Harmon Dr. R. A. Harper Alfred Harris Thomas Hastings H. O. Havemeyer T. A. Havemeyer Mrs. T. A. Havemeyer Miss Frances A. L. Haven Mrs. J. Woodward Haven Mrs. William Samuel Hawk Mrs. R. G. Hazard Mrs. Chas. Downer Hazen Henry Heide, Jr. Charles Henderson I. S. Hendrickson Mrs. L. W. Hewitt Jas. L. Hickok Henry Hicks John M. W. Hicks Mrs. Robt. C. Hill Mrs. Samuel N. Hinckley Fred Hirschhorn Mrs. Nelson Hiss Mrs. Frederic Delano Hitch Anton G. Hodenpyl Mrs. R. Hoe Richard M. Hoe Mrs. Edward Holbrook R. G. Hollaman Mrs. Newlin Hooper Clarence J. Housman Mrs. Frederick T. Howard Richard Howe Mrs. Walter B. Howe M. D. Howell Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt Miss Gertrude L. Hoyt Miss Virginia Scott Hoyt Thomas Hunt Mrs. Archer M. Huntington F. J. Huntington Mrs. George S. Huntington H. E. Huntington Mrs. Robert Huntington J. Chr. G. Hupfel Dr. Lee M. Hurd Lee M. Hurd^ Jr. Henry Hurrell Mrs. Albert E. Hurst Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson Frank DeK. Huyler Mrs. Clarence M. Hyde Courtney Hyde E. Francis Hyde William Inglis Roman J. Irwin Mrs. Adrian Iselin Mrs. Columbus O'D. Iselin Miss Georgine Iselin Lewis Iselin William E. Iselin Mrs. William E. Iselin Leon Israel Martin R. Jacobus 383 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OK NEW YORK Mrs. H. T. B. Jacquelln Mrs. Walter B. James Alfred W. Jenkins Miss Annie B. Jennings Robert E. Jennings Walter Jennings Dr. G. F. Jernigan John F. Johnston R. M. Johnston Mrs. Cadwalader Jones Mrs. S. Beach Jones Henry I. Judson Karl Jungbluth O. H. Kahn Mrs. Robert J. Kahn Mrs. De Lancy Kane Mrs. John Innes Kane Louis Karsten Miss Elizabeth Kean Mrs. Hamilton Fish Kean Albert Keller Mrs. Morris Kellogg Mrs. H. Van Rensselaer Ken- nedy Mrs. John S. Kennedy Mrs. Walter N. Kernan Miss Ethel B. Ketcham Emil L. Kieger Mrs. Jas. B. Kilsheimer Mrs. Edward King Frederick R. King Miss Isabella C. King Le Roy King Miss Margaret S. Kingsford Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Charles W. Knight Thomas Knight Roland F. Knoedler Miss Edith M. Kohlsatt Herman Komitsch Louis Krower Charles Krumweide, Jr. Dr. George F. Kunz Mrs. Adolph Ladenburg John E. Lager A. Lahodny Henry Lang Mrs. John J. Lapham Mrs. Lasar Hiram V. Lawrence George Legg John E. Leilcauf A. Edward Lester Mrs. Albert A. Levi Joseph Lev'i Edmund J. Levine Ephraim B. Levy Mrs. Louis S. Levy M. H. Lewis Adolph Lewisohn Mrs. Allan Lexow Paul Lichtenstein Jas. Linane Mrs. John R. Livermore Miss Anne P. Livingston Mrs. Goodhue Livingston Mrs. Samuel Lloyd Mrs. Julius Loewenthal Hugo V. Loewi Miss Hilda Loines Mrs. Chas. H. Ludington David L. Luke Chas. A. Lung Mrs. Wm. M. Lybrand Dr. D. T. MacDougal Kenneth MacKenzie 384 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF N'EW YORK Mrs. F. Robert Mager A. J. Manda J. A. Manda W. A. Manda Mrs. John Markle Mrs. Henry Marquand Robert Marshall Edgar L. Marston Edwin S. Marston Mrs. Harriet T. Matheson W. J. Matheson Harry O. May R. de L. Mayer Dr. D. H. McAlpin Mrs. D. Hunter McAlpin, Jr. George L. McAlpin Louis B. McCagg Mrs. Alfred McEwen E. A. Mcllhenny Mrs. Edward McVickar Mrs. Payson Merrill Mrs. Eugene Meyer, Jr. A. L. Miller E. S. Miller Dr. George N. Miller Mrs. John Murray Mitchell Mrs. Wm. Mitchell Mrs. Louise C. Mohlman George A. Molleson Mrs. E. D. Monod Harrington Moore Clement Moore Miss Anne Morgan Miss Caroline L. Morgan Mrs. Gerald Morgan Mrs. Junius S. Morgan Mrs. J. S. Morgan, Jr. Dr. Robt. T. Morris Mrs. A. Henry Mosle Miss Christina Muendel Edwin H. Mulford Carl Muller C. W. Munson Miss Adelina M. Murphy Mrs. M. C. Muser William S. Myers George V. Nash Mrs. S. Neustadt Mrs. Moses Newberg Miss C. A. Newbold Miss Edith Newbold Mrs. George Nichols Morton C. Nichols ♦Louis A. Noe Miss Fanny Norris George Notman Howard Notman Adolph S. Ochs Miss Emily Ogden Elam Ward Olney Patrick O'Mara Mrs. Chas. J. Oppenheim Mrs. Julius Oppsnheimer Professor H. Fairfield Osborn Mrs. Charles Otten Miss Bertha Pagenstecher Mrs. Henry Parish Mrs. Edgerton Parsons Miss Gertrude Parsons Herbert Parsons Mrs. J. E. Parsons T. R. Hoge Patterson Mrs. G. E. Paul Miss Anne Depew Paulding Fred W. Payne Charles H. Peck 385 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Miss Dorothy Peck Mrs. M. R. Peck Mrs. Ethel Anson S. Peckham Edward S. Pegram Mrs. Stephen Pell Edmund Penfold G. Laurence Perkins G. W. Perkins Miss Hat tie W. Perkins Mrs. Wm. A. Perry Mrs. Theodore Peters Mrs. Alfred Noroton Phillips Seth L. Pierrepont Wallace R. Pierson Mrs. Gifford Pinchot Mrs. J. O. H. Pitney Mrs. Frank H. Piatt Miss Florence L. Pond Mrs. N. M. Pond A. J. Porter Wm. H. Porter A. S. Post Mrs. Frank Hunter Potter Mrs. Wm. B. Potts George T. Powell Mrs. Charles E. Proctor Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer N. T. Pulsifer Mrs. H. S. Putnam C. F. Quincy H. G. Ramsperger H. E. Raymond Mrs. Wm. A. Read Mrs. Latham G. Reed Mrs. N. Reichenberg Miss Katherine W. Reid J. Walter Reimels W. H. Remick Miss Elvine Richard William J. Riker Mrs. N. Thayer Robb G. Theodore Roberts Miss Jennette Robertson Miss Ina F. Rodger Mrs. Archibald Rogers E. L. Rogers A. J. Rolle Mrs. J. R. Roosevelt Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt Mrs. Oscar Rose Mrs. Sidney Rosenstein Mrs. Charles B. Rowland Walter Clark Runyon Mrs. Justus Ruperti Mrs. Jacob Ruppert Dr. H. H. Rusby Miss Marie L. Russell Isadore Saks Mrs. B. Aymar Sands Miss Louise Sands Mrs. Herbert L. Satterlee W. S. Scarborough Mortimer L. Schiff George Schlegel Max Schling A..H. Scholle Miss Marianne Schurz Bernhard Schutz Mrs. H. B. de Villiers Schwab C. W. Scott William Scott Alonzo B. See Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sharpe A. R. Shattuck Mrs. A. R. Shattuck 386 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Henry W. Shoemaker F. R. Shull William H. Siebrecht Mrs. R. Siedenburg, Jr. Franklin Simon Robert Simpson Benson Bennett Sloan Samuel Sloan Mrs. Samuel Sloan Thomas Smidt Frank Morse Smith Pierre J. Smith W. Hmckle Smith Thos. Snell E. G, Snow Mrs. Frederick A. Snow Eudora D. Snyder L. H. Somers E. B. Southwick Mrs. E. W. Sparrow Wm. A. Sperling Maj. J. E. Spingarn Adolfo Stahl J. R. Stanton Frederick T. Steinway Robert S. Stephenson Mrs. Benjamin Stern F. Lynde Stetson Mrs. Byram K. Stevens Frederic W. Stevens Mrs. John A. Stewart, Jr. Mrs. John Wood Stewart Lispenard Stewart William R. Stewart Harold S. Stiles Daniel M. Stimson Chas. A. Stone Mrs. Chas. H. Stout Charles Strauss Mrs. William Strauss Mrs. J. R. Strong Joseph Stroock George F. Struck James Stuart F. K. Sturgis Mrs. William Stursberg Mrs. R. B. Suckley Mrs. James Sullivan Mrs. Richard Sutro Mrs. Charles Fitch Swan Albert Tag Rush Taggart Mrs. Henry P. Tailer C. A. Tatum Mrs. Frederick M. Taylor Richard E. Thibaut Mrs. Howard L. Thomas Le Grand Cannon Tibbits Mrs. Le Grand Tibbits Mrs. C. L. Tiffan/ Louis C. Tififany Charles H. Totty B. Hammond Tracy F. H. Traendly A. F. Troescher A. Tuckerman Mrs. B. B. Tut tie L. Ulmann Mrs. Isaac Untermyer Mrs. Frederick S. Van Beuren Mrs. Edward H. Van Ingen Mrs. James M. Varnum William W. Vert E. C. Vick Mrs. Anna M. Von Zedlitz Mrs. Gustavus A. Walker 387 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK John G. Walker Mrs. Joseph Walker, Jr. Mrs. Wm. Knickerbocker Wallbridge Leo Wallerstein M. H. Walsh Harry Wearne Mrs. F. Egerton Webb Edwin S. Webster Mrs. John E. Weeks Mrs. C. Gouveneur Weir Mrs. Maurice Wertheim Arthur L. Wessell Miss Edith Wetmore Mrs. Geo. Peabody Wetmore Miss Maude Wetmore Lawrence G. White Mrs. Stanford White W. A. White Mrs. Alfred A. Whitman Miss Theodora Wilbour Dr. Anna Wessels Williams W. P. Willis M. Orme Wilson Mrs. Robert Cade Wilson Chas. A. Wimpfheimer John C. Wister Mrs. F. S. Witherbee Mrs. F. W. Wocher Mrs. Lewis H. Wolffe Mrs. C. B. Wood Chas. J. Wood Mrs. J. Hood Wright Barkley Wyckofif Miss Annette Young Mrs. A. Murray Young Mrs. William H. Young Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie Joseph A. Zanetti Charles Zoller Associate Members Chas. W. Ashmead Walter B. Balch Geo. J. Christof Edw. W. Doherty George Friedhof Alex. Gioia August Gleasel Frederick Hitchman Owen A. Hunwick Robert Jones Joseph R. McLaughlin Chas. Milburn S. G. Milosy Edward W. Poole Jacob Radlein Frederick Schultz William R. Seymour Joseph W. Smith John Sommer J. P. Sorenson Clifton Woodward Corresponding Members Mrs. Mortimer Forest Mrs. Benj. G. Lathrop 388 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS GEO. N. MILLER ADOLPH LEVVISOHN CLEMENT MOORE GEO. T. POWELL Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden Bronx Park, N. Y. City F. L. ATKINS N. L. BRITTON ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN CANNING JAS. W. CROMWELL M. C. EBEL E. FARDEL Board of Directors . R, PIERSON, Chairman T. A. HAVEMEYER I. S. HENDRICKSON HENRY HICKS JOHN E. LAGER J. A. MANDA GEORGE V. NASH F. R. NEWBOLD JULIUS ROEHRS JOHN SCHEEPERS E. B. SOUTHWICK JAMES STUART J. H. TROY E. C. VICK Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MISS EDITH WETMORE MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS 3ournaI of tt)e ?|orttcuIturaI S>octetpof j^eto |9orfe Vol. II, No. 27 ^^^^^ . NOVEMBER "*■ 1920 EDITED BY THE SECRETARY GEORGE V. NASH CONTENTS Page How to Grow the Finest Dahlia Blooms 389 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY INTELLIGENCER PRINTING CO. LANCASTER, PA. journal of ti^e jE|orticultural ^ocietp of jBteto ^orfe Incorporated 1902 Vol II Nn 77 ■ss"^'' NDVFMRFR IQPO Free to Members VUl.il, nU.^/ Quarterly nw V CJTIDCIV, IVC\) By subscription $1.00 per year HOW TO GROW THE FINEST DAHLIA BLOOMS In discussing the subject of culture which produces the great dignified dahlia blooms of today, it is well to take into consider- ation the original home and habits of its ancestors. Dahlias, of which there are eight known species growing wild in Mexico, are only to be found on the high plateaux and mountain sides, 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. There the sun is bright and warm, the air is fresh and cool, and occasionally low hanging clouds bathe them with the moisture so necessary for their growth. The soil there is sandy, often of finely powdered lava. Here and there great boulders of lava act as nature's mulch, holding the needed moisture at the roots. We must remember, however, that the modern dahlia is not a wild flower, descended from any one of those now growing in Mexico. It is a hybrid of many varieties found in Mexico at various times from, the early i6th century to the latter part of the iQth century. Moreover, some of these ancestors were probably hybrids themselves, like dahlia Juarezii, and many of them have never been found growing wild in Mexico since. The original species are apparently lost. Thus we see that dahlias need sun, fresh air, moisture and loose fertile soil. A method of culture based on these principles must necessarily be the best. Since dahlias like fresh air, do not place them in a walled garden or close to a hedge which 389 M>l< A»-T THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK would shut them from a free circulation of air. If the locality is hot, choose a spot which gets the morning sun and where the shade of buildings or of distant trees will reach them soon after the noon hour. Dahlia plants droop from such hot sun as we have in this climate, and the summer nights are not sufficiently long to allow them to recuperate. The much needed moisture must not be wasted, so the ground should be fairly level; and all the better if situated at the bottom of a gentle slope where they would receive the added water during rains. Much drainage is unnecessary, and is often harmful in our hot dry climate. Dahlias like each others' company, and do better if growing by themselves. They are jealous of tree roots which encroach upon their territory, and abhor hungry shrubs or herbaceous plants which might rob them of their food. The Soil should be sandy loam, the nearest to volcanic soil which we can hope for in our gardens, but not so light that it will dry out quickly. If the spot chosen has very light soil, add rich clay, if procurable, and heavy well rotted horse ma- nure. Cow manure is stimulating with nitrates, but may be used if the other is not to be had. If the soil is heavy, add sand and rotted leaves until it becomes loose and friable to a depth of eighteen inches at least. Rotted leaves make nature's own fertilizer, and are destroyed to the value of hundreds of thousands of dollars each year. Leaves for this purpose should be gathered as soon as fallen, and either stacked or thrown in a pit, tramped down and covered with earth or branches to keep from blowing away. In a year this is fit to use, and makes the best general purpose fertilizer which we can wish for. The leaves of hardwood trees pulverize before decaying, thus being best for breaking up a clayey soil. Beds for dahlias cannot be too rich in leaf mold as long as the soil is not too light. In November dig the ground over to a depth of about i8 inches; mix in the leaf mold and add bone meal at the rate of loo lbs. to 300 square feet. • For the benefit of those who wish to plant but a few dahlias, I may add that as dahlias are usually planted about three feet apart each way, bone meal may be dug in so that each plant gets about one pound. During the 390 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK winter this mixture decays and is ready to feed the young roots as soon as they start to grow. Bone meal gives the plants a good constitution, strong stems and blooms that do not wilt as soon as cut. Choose varieties during the blooming season. See the flow- ers on the plants if possible, or next best, on long stems in their vases. Never pick out a type displayed on a short stem stuck in a bottle, as is too often seen at our shows. It is impossible to recognize the habit of the plant thus displayed. A beauti- ful bloom mav have coarse foliage, or a pendulous habit or be a crotch bloomer; and so quite useless either in the garden or for home decoration. Insist on buying tubers if possible "Green plants" made from cuttings are just as good if properly done; but our commercial growers are often tempted to over- propagate a rare variety, with disastrous results. The average amateur, and often an otherwise clever gardener, will sometimes plant intact the whole clump saved from the year before. This is a serious mistake, and causes more dis- appointments than any other. Each tuber should be separated from its neighbor with an "eye" attached. This eye is located on the old stalk — ^sometimes on the stem itself. It is not easy to cut them apart, and great care should be taken not to break or strain the neck which connects the tuber with the eye. If this happens, the eye will not develop. The best instrument for the purpose is a cheap pointed vegetable knife, such as can be bought at a 'Hen cent store." The blade is thin and just flexible enough to work between the sometimes crowded tubers. Incisions may be made around the eye connected with the most convenient tuber, and the whol^ soon lifted out. After the first one is taken, the rest are easier to handle. If the clump has but few tubers, and many plants are wanted for the garden, it is a simple matter to propagate by cuttings. In February or March, according to the type (some being slower to start growth than others), the whole clump may be placed in a box, just covered with soil, and placed in a hot bed, green house, or even a sunny window. When a sprout has made three sets of leaves, cut it off just below the second joint and trim ofi" the lower leaves of this cutting. If the leaves seem 391 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK large, the tops may be cut off with a sharp pair of scissors. This saves too much evaporation. Plant in damp warm sand almost up to the leaves themselves. Keep watered and shaded from direct rays of the sun in bottom heat of about 70° F. for three weeks. Fresh air is essential at this time. Stagnant air will cause the plants to "damp off." The box into which the cuttings are first placed in sand should be five or six inches deep. The bottom should have about an inch of good soil on it before the sand is put in. In case some of the cuttings strike root sooner than others, they will then have food to live on until the others are ready. Great care, however, should be exercised not to allow the cutting to touch the soil. The roots will find it soon enough. On removing a cutting from the sand, little hair-like roots will be found coming from the end of the stem, and sometimes from the joint itself. Plant this carefully in a three-inch pot filled with sandy loam, and allow to grow until the pot is nearly filled with roots. These plants may be shifted into larger pots if necessary before setting out. The roots must never become crowded. If there is plenty of space in the greenhouse the cuttings may be rooted in the pots where they are to grow. Fill three inch pots with light sandy loam, and pack fairly snugly. With a pointed stick, force a hole in the center, and put a little sand in the bottom. Hold the cutting there so that it does not touch any soil, and fill in with sand. Plunge these pots into warm wet sand, and allow them to root in the ordinary way. The little roots will reach the soil quickly, and grow on with- out any check. Meanwhile the shoots from which these cuttings have been taken will have made two side shoots from the joints which are left. These in turn may be cut off and rooted as soon as three sets of leaves are made, and every time a cutting is taken, twice the number of shoots appear. Twelve cuttings from each main stalk is as many as it is safe to make, for the tuber becomes exhausted. Later cuttings are weak, bloom poorly, and some- times do not make tubers to carry over the following winter. This is why I do not recommend buying green plants from 392 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK dealers. The early ones are safe enough, but one cannot tell whether it is the first or the forty-first plant we are getting when we buy them. It is fascinating to grow dahlias from seed, but a good deal of space is needed, and the beginner must not expect more than one really fine type out of a hundred or more. If seed is purchased, buy only from a reliable man who pollinates by hand. Definite results are more possible by selection of pollen. Start the seed in a flat in the cold frame in April. Let them germinate slowly, and when two or three sets of leaves appear they may be planted in three inch pots. Plunge in the cold frame and allow them to grow until the pots are filled with roots, but not crowded. Shift them into larger pots if necessary and set them out the latter part of May. If seeds are started earlier than this, the plants become too large to handle safely. Seed- lings are also inclined to bloom early, and it is better to allow them to form tubers first and bloom in the cooler weather. They may be planted about two feet apart, so that when ugly or misshapen ones are rooted up there is plenty of room for those allowed to mature. Give them the best soil in the gar- den, and the type is sooner established. The only reason new dahlias "improve " the second year, is that they are better grown. To fertilize seed by hand, put a light paper bag over a bud selected to be the mother flower, just as it is about to open. Cut a full blown flower chosen for the pollen, and place in water in the house. When sufhcient pollen has formed, and the bud on the plant has opened well, pollinating may be done. After removing the bag, either the flowers may be touched together directly or the pollen may be applied by means of a brush. Bag again at once, and repeat daily three or four times, as the tiny florets open in circles, the center ones opening last. The bag may be removed after the petals have wilted, and evidence of seed formation shows itself. To insure against self pollina- tion in this rather crude form of hybridizing, first wash the pollen from the mother flower with a small syringe, using blot- ting paper to remove superfluous moisture before applying the pollen. This should be done as late in the season as possible, for the plant's best efforts toward reproduction commence in 393 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK September, after blooming has been going on for sdme time. Seeds must not be frosted. If they should be nearly ripe, and frost is imminent, cut the pods with long stems, set in a glass of water in a sunny window and allow to ripen and dry. It should be borne in mind that the dahlia is a mongrel, and the blood of past generations reappear, so that often the child may not resemble either parent. Do not be tempted to save plants which merely have pretty fiowers. There are already too many mediocre types on the market now, and too much repetition. Try to produce not only that which is better than any other variety, but that which is unlike any variety known. Do not plant dahlias too early. A few types which are slow in starting should be put in by May 15th, and light frosts do not injure the very young shoots. June is the planting month as a rule, if the following summer is at all normal. Tubers set out early will have made their full growth by the end of June, and the scorching days ahead of them will check and in- jure the plants so that the blossoms will never be fine. Dahlias should be planted three to four feet apart, and the stakes should go in first. For the taller varieties buy from the local lumberman 2x2 rough lumber. Cut it into six foot lengths, and point one end of each. Wash them with some dark creo- sote stain as protection from the weather, and to make them less conspicuous, and tar the pointed end to protect against rot in the ground. Force these down eighteen inches, exactly where the plant is to grow. Drive a staple into the stake at the top, and to it fasten the label with a copper wire. Dig a hole next the stake eight inches deep, and wide enough to al- low the tuber to lie flat with eye up. The eye should be close to the stake, and the tuber lightly covered with about two inches of soil, just enough to keep it from drying out. If neces- sary pour a little water in the hole to tuck the soil around the tuber, but do not press it down. In this way the warmth of the sun will reach the tuber to start it into growth, and the tender rootlets can work their way into the soil. As the shoot grows, fill in the hole until it is level. Never hill a dahlia plant, for that acts as a water-shed. 394 TttE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK Green plants and seedlings may be set next the stake with a depression of two or three inches, to be filled in as they grow. This deep planting is to ensure deep root growth, in order that they may not dry out during the summer weather. When the plants reach a height of about eighteen inches, tie loosely to the stake with soft cord or strips of rags. Allow for the swelling of the stem which in two months becomes from four to six inches in circumference. Tie again as they show need of support, but never allow the leaves to be choked up bv the string. Dahlias need constant cultivation. When the plants are young and tubers have not formed, the fork may go in deeply, but later this is unnecessary, and also dangerous. The fork might injure the root by contact, or loosen the soil so that the air would reach it, and dry it out. The top soil must, however, be constantly stirred, to keep out the weeds and to keep in the precious moisture. In dry weather the roots should get a thor- ough soaking once a week. Turn on the fountain spray for two or three hours in one pkice. This is Nature's rain. As soon as the soil is workable after such a soaking, stir the top to save it from evaporation. Never allow anyone to stand pointing a hose at various parts of the garden just wetting the soil on top. This draws the growth to the surface, only to be dried out if not repeated constantly. Do not allow more than one main trunk to each plant. If secondary shoots appear from the tuber, they may be detached, and if valuable can be potted, and another plant soon made. Main branches should number from six to ten, according to the variety. If more than that appear, cut or break off one branch from each pair. When the main branches re-branch, remove every other one, leaving the branches which would naturally grow outward. This is the basis of pruning, and may be applied to dahlias as well as roses or fruit trees. It allows the air to circulate among the leaves, and all the vigor of the extra branches to develop those that are left. Few beginners have sufficient courage when it is time to dis- bud. The secondary branches are destined to bear the largest blooms. Usually three flower buds appear on the end of the 395 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK stem, and sometimes five. When they are the size of peas the two side buds should be taken off, leaving the central bud to develop. If by any chance the central bud has been injured, a side bud can be saved, and will give just as large a bloom, but the stem is liable to be crooked. Usually little shoots appear at the joints. These should be removed as far down the stalk as the length of the stem and the size of the bloom is wanted. Severe disbudding helps rather than hinders the plant. It is best to look them over once or even tvice a day during the blooming season, for the buds sometimes appear in a few hours. It takes but a moment, and helps very much in the study of the habits of each variety. There are very few pests which seriously menace dahlias. Of these four are the most important, and of the four, white fly is the most difficult to combat. The most effective treat- ment I have found is to make a weak solution of nicotine sul- phate (Nicotiana or Black Leaf No. 40), about half the strength recommended for thrip on roses. Spray under the leaves late in the afternoon when it is certain that there will be no rain. Two applications two or three weeks apart should be all that is necessary. This may be done when white fly first appears, usually in July and August. Borers manifest themselves by a sudden drooping of the plant's top. They can be removed with a wire inserted in the hole through which they entered. Sometimes it is necessary to cut off the wilted top, but new shoots quickly replace it, and the plant will soon become normal again. If cut worms are liable to be in the soil at planting time, each shoot may wear a collar until this danger is over. Cut a strip of building paper (which withstands weather much better than the ordinary kind), three inches wide and ten or twelve inches long. Pin the ends together and set it around the plant, lyi inches above and below ground. The cut worm can neither climb over or dig under this, and the plant is safe. Remove as soon as the danger is over, in order that the air may circulate around the stem. Moles do far more damage than we give them credit for. They heave the soil around the tubers, drying them out. Chip- 396 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK munks and mice are delighted with the feast thus prepared for them, and make short work of the tubers. Moles should be trapped early in the season when they begin to make their runs. They are hungry then, after their long winter fast, and do not notice the traps as they do later in the season. Woody stems produce poor flowers, if any at all. The best blooms appear on smooth green growth with stems full of sap. Both white fly and drought harden the stems and stunt growth, and if in spite of all precautions this does happen, cut out the woody branches entirely. The roots will put all their strength into making new growth, and the plants become normal again. If the plants should show a tendency to go to leaf, cut away all but three branches, and disbud all the side shoots from these. Of course there will be but three flowers on this plant, and they will probably be very fine. If left alone, however, there will probably be no flowers at all. There is also a blight which causes the plant to cease growing. The stems become hard, and the leaves remain small. Treat- ment during the summer months is seldom availing, and ex- periments with both corrosive sublimate and formaldehyde on tubers from such plants when dormant, have proved of negli- gible value. It is far better to destroy such plants entirely, and secure fresh stock from an outside source. I have never found thi t the blight infests the soil where such a plant has grown, but the disease is invariably carried over in the root from year to year. The latter part of August, or about six weeks before the dahlia shows begin, the plants must have their bit of tonic. There is plenty of food in the soil, but to stimulate the best effort in the plant, some nitrates should be given them. The most convenient form is that of commercial sheep manure, but if a poultry yard is at hand, fresh hen manure, mixed with sand, is the best. Draw the soil away from around each plant, making a basin from twelve to eighteen inches across. Scatter into this half a trowel full (two rounded tablespoonsful) of sheep or hen ma- nure, not more. Pour in slowly a large bucketful of water, and when this has disappeared, pour in another. After the 397 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK second lot of water has gone down to the roots, carrying the manure with it to a large extent, draw the dry soil over it again as a mulch. A backward plant may have a second dose of this a fortnight later. Sheep manure and hen manlire are strong in nitrates, being only stimulating, and producing vigorous top growth. Too much of it will draw and weaken the stems, and take the strength from the tubers so that they do not carry over the winter well. Do not cut a dahlia as soon as it is open. Sometimes it takes a week for the bloom to develop its full glory. Cut it with a long stem — never less than eighteen inches if possible, and better four feet. This is good for the plant, and the bloom shows to much better advantage. Always have a pail of clean fresh water at hand. Do not use water which has stood over night in the pail, or in which other blooms have stood earlier in the day. Pull off the lower leaves at once and plunge the stems into the water immediately. Never allow the leaves under water, as they decay and poison it, causing the flowers to wilt. Cut the blooms in the evening, if possible, and let them stand over night in the pail in a cool dark cellar. When arranging in vases, the stems should have plenty of room, and the water changed every day. The stems should be rinsed off, and a bit cut off before replacing in the vases. If this is done, a well grown flower will keep ten days in the house under ordinary circumstances. If flowers show a tendency to wilt, the stems may be cut back and plunged into very hot water — as hot as the hand can possibly l)ear — for about ten minutes. This opens the pores, so that the cold water, into which they are subsequently placed, is quickly taken up. Keep them in a cool dark room until they recover. A grower recently has given me an excellent recipe for the keeping of dahlia blooms, especially when they have to be shipfted. Into a clean quart bottle place i tablespoon bicar- bonate of soda, chemically pure, and i tablespoon household ammonia. Fill the bottle with pure water and shake until it is dissolved. One or two tablespoons of this mixture added to the water of the vase, according to the size, will do much to lengthen the life of the cut flower. 398 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK In packing and shipping dahlias keep in mind that the stems must be kept full of sap, and the blooms dry. Place waxed paper between them in order that they may not chafe each other, and the stems do well if they are wrapped in wet cotton. One grower scorches the ends of the stems when many are shipped, so that the sap in the stem will not evaporate. If a light frost injures the tops of dahlia plants, and another is not imminent, these tops may be cut off, and blooms will suddenly break out from underneath. When at last, a sharp frost has killed the plants allow them to stand a few days to dry so that the roots will take strength from the sap of the stems; but do not leave them long enough to start growth again. Cut the stalks back to just above the ground. Re- move the stakes and lift the clumps with a fork. If possible have two people do this. They should stand opposite one another, forking around the plant first, and then, forcing the forks quite under the tubers, both lift together. Never pull the clumps up by the stalks, and do not attempt to shake the soil off. Such treatment only serves to break the tender necks. Tip the clumps upside down at once to allow the sap to run out, and place in a cool airy shed to dry for a few days. Do not leave them in the sun. They will evaporate quickly, and sometimes start growth. Every clump should be labeled care- fully at this time. As the old stalk dries out during the winter it is liable to shrink and if a wire label is tied around it the chances are it will drop off in the spring handling. Prick a hole through the stalk and fasten the wire to it like an earring. Look the clumps over carefully before storing. No soil which is damp should be attached to the tubers. All broken tubers or those whose necks are strained should be removed. Any tubers which show signs of decay should be cut off, and the wound dusted with sulphur; otherwise the decay will attack every root nearby. Pack only in clean sand. Some people recommend sawdust, but I have found it too full of tannic acid. Some people will recommend coal ashes. Mine have invariably dried out in this. For ten years I have used nothing but sand, and have averaged the carrying over of 95% of my roots, whatever the 399 THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK weather has been. Place the boxes which are to hold them in a cold dry cellar where there is no danger of freezing, and yet where the furnace heat cannot reach them. Line them with clean newspaper, and fill to a depth of two or three inches with live sand, fresh from the pit. It is not necessary to dry the sand, unless it is soaked by a recent rain. It will dry very quickly, and if clean, cannot rot the roots. Place the clumps as close together as possible, and cover entirely with sand. Be sure that the boxes are deep enough so that it is not necessary to heat the sand to cover every tuber. The sand will some- times cake when it dries. In about a fortnight run the fingers down among the tubers and see that it lies in between them all, and fill in with more if it has settled. After that the tubers may sleep all winter undisturbed. Henrietta M. Stout 400 OFFICERS President T. A. HAVEMEYER, New York City Vice-Presidents N. L. BRITTON JAS. W. CROMWELL E. B. SOUTHWICK Honorary Vice-Presidents E. S. HARKNESS GEO. N. MILLER ADOLPH LEWISOHN CLEMENT MOORE GEO. T. POWELL Treasurer F. R. NEWBOLD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary GEORGE V. NASH, Mansion, New York Botanical Garden Bronx Park; N. Y. City F. L. ATKINS N. L. BRITTON ROBT. T. BROWN JOHN CANNING JAS. W. CROMWELL M. C. EBEL E. FARDEL Board of Directors F. R. PIERSON, Chairman T. A. HAVEMEYER I. S. HENDRICKSON HENRY HICKS JOHN E. LAGER J. A. MANDA GEORGE V. NASH F. R. NEWBOLD JULIUS ROEHRS JOHN SCHEEPERS E. B. SOUTHWICK JAMES STUART J. H. TROY E. C. VICK Members of the Women's Auxiliary MRS. W. K. DRAPER MRS. E. S. HARKNESS MRS. C. LEDYARD BLAIR MISS ANNE MORGAN MRS. HUGH D. AUCHINCLOSS MRS. H. L. SATTERLEE MRS. ARTHUR SCOTT BURDEN MRS. CHAS. H. SENFF MRS. L. S. CHANLER MISS EDITH WETMORE MRS. PAUL FITZSIMONS New York Botanical Garden Librar 3 5185 00266 282 iTKiiyniEFiK^Tnv