~ - ‘ ‘ 4 ‘ . ' ‘ és 7 ‘ y . 4 YUN wee Vote a ‘ 1 yn uv ay ry ‘ io yore PU ah eiayi the is mm PRS IND on “ eee At ates Ce A ee & AA pee Wa nein tse i LAs eee Cae, ee ’ a 7 ¢ ahs ) * te ‘ ‘ ‘ o «8 S ‘ 7 j n a | . ‘ ¥ ie : 7 oe ' i . *? tk ‘ a 1 4's y i my 7 i ‘ ? , ’ ’ a ot a P i . ’ ‘ « ‘ * fa, a ¥ Se < whi “ geet . ia a 7 one a a aby Behe if. 8 yee , . . Creer) ’ . rey) a aie ee ate ve : ? vs wore i Pe) “ty , . , 8 ‘ jee 9D * acy - a ' fies Gary oo) ee sie ' ’ s! per D ‘ a serie ree fan de 2: 1? oe a er re ah te 4 oe PY ne aa a kee sae a vied.s' PA ented tdae Be EN a ee eat were’ Cg a hewab es er ay ooh dee Ce ee ee | sgt Boe THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. ZOOLOGY. VOL. XXII LONDON: SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE, AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO., AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 1888, Dates of Publication of the several Numbers included in this Volume. No. 136, pp. 1- 64, published November 24, 1887. » L387, ;, 6d=128, 5 December 31, 1887. » 188, ,, 129-176, ,, January 31, 1888. 189), 1772240, Apel Ot es: 140, ,, 241-305, 1) iullyelisees with Index and Titlepage. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEDT STREET. bout 3~ CONTENTS. Page Dr Man, Dr. J. G. Report on the Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Mereui Archi- pelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S., Superintendent of fee Mise rab Saha saa Bus Se alnveyes disk Maen a 1 JNNG GENTE = Bey tha) ORRIN ey eee a a PeEUG PDEN Sir 65 . Mhewsame.——Part i... ce TSR Oro rC® BP Babak 129 Spero Soremneseretr iy LV 8) favor nites Eads 3 Sra tayss seaisee aa as oalcctaga a GaAs Wz The same.—Part V. LIST OF PLATES. PLATE J. To face page 11 PLATE XI. To faee page 162 II. r 40 XII. 172 Tela :: 53 XIII. a 185 IV. 53 66 XIV. a 193 Vi. 5 79 XV. ‘ 221 VI. > 96 XVI. 5 242 Valle is 106 XVI. ii 268 Vill. 3 113 XVIII. a 277 IX. ‘5 130 XIX. i: 290 THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. Report on the Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Mergui Archi- pelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John Anderson, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Museum. By Dr. J. G. pz May, of Middleburg, Netherlands. (Communicated by Dr. Joun ANDERSON, F.RS., F.L.S.) [Read 17th June, 1886. | (Puates I.-X1X.) Tue Crustacea described in the following pages are mostly littoral species. The Collection contains no fewer than 166 species, 38 of which are new to science, z.e. nearly a fourth of the whole number. They are represented by about 1060 speci- mens, in an excellent state of preservation. 118 species are new to the Fauna of the Bay of Bengal (including Ceylon, the Nicobar Islands, and Singapore), only 48 species in the Collec- tion having been previously recorded from that part of the Indian Ocean. These numbers are highly surprising, as the Bay of Bengal has been explored, years ago, by many naturalists. Large carcinological collections were made in former times by French naturalists on the coast of Coromandel and at Ceylon, and a still larger number of species were collected, in the years 1857-59, by the famous ‘ Novara’ Expedition, at the same localities and especially at the Nicobar Islands. In the Report published in 1865, by Prof. Heller on the Decapoda and Stomatopoda collected during that expedition, no less than LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 1 24 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 109 species were enumerated from Madras, Ceylon, and the Nicobar Islands, a fifth of which were new to science. Scarcely more than a fourth of these 109 species occur in the Mergui Collection. The Decapodous and Stomatopodous Crustacea in this interesting Mergui Collection that are new to the Fauna of the Bay of Bengal prove to be about two thirds of the number of species hitherto known as inhabiting it! The species therefore of these two groups now ascertained to occur in the Bay amount to nearly 300. These numbers are eloquent and demonstrate that the col- lection made by Prof. Anderson is a most interesting one, and a valuable contribution to the Fauna of the north-eastern part of the Indian Ocean. The following table gives a summary of the number of species, of the new species, and of the specimens in the Collection, according to the subdivisions of the group :— Number of Species. New Species. Specimens. Oxyahyncba\eeeteen nes ee eres 9 3 21 Cyclometopa .................. 48 5 205 @atometopa 2 tecn--.-cvee err 47 17 540 Oxystomata ............++-.0. 1] 1 26 ANTOVTWIE, —o490000 soasgousnocKer 26 9) 144 IWEXG RID, 50 s4dq02000800200003000° 19 6 103 Stomatopoda <-2s....ccs-2--.- 4 1 19 Reecilopodaseeeeeess= sare eeees 2 ae 3 166 38 1061 These results show that the subtribe Catometopa contains comparatively the largest number of new species, and that more than a half of all the specimens belong to it. The genera of Catometopa include many groups that are at present very insufficiently and unsatisfactorily known: I have only to refer to the genera Telphusa, Ocypoda, Sesarma, and Gelasimus as instances of the great confusion that still prevails regarding these common Indian forms. Only five years ago I first pointed out the distinctive characters of the common and widely distributed Ocypoda cordimana—a species at that time so unsatisfactorily known that it was almost impossible to dis- tinguish it from allied forms, although it had been described more than half a century before! CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 3 This fact leads me to direct attention to the confusion that still exists regarding the synonymy of many common Indian Podo- phthalmous Crustacea. This circumstance may be accounted for by the fact that such authors as Milne-Edwards, de Haan, and Dana, when describing species of former carcinologists, e. g. of Fabricius and Herbst, had neither studied nor examined their typical specimens, preserved in the Museums of Kiel, Copen- hagen, and Berlin; although the diagnoses of Fabricius and the descriptions and figures of Herbst were often too short or insuf- ficient to enable the species to be satisfactorily recognized. A renewed examination of the typical specimens of these older carcinologists, so far as they are still available, appears to me to be most desirable. I have made a beginning in this direction by examining the types of certain species described by Fabricius, Milne-Edwards, and some others, so far as this was necessary for the present Report; and I am now occupied with a critical study of the Australian species which were described about twenty years ago by Mr. Hess. I have given in the present Report some results of these studies, which I think will prove to be of value and contribute to a more exact knowledge of the common Indian Decapoda. I have also pointed out the distinctive characters of Menippe Rumphii, Fabr., and of Myomenippe granulosa, A. M.- Edw., both common species of large size, but which nevertheless were insufliciently known. I have furthermore given new and full descriptions of four common species of Gelasimus, and have elucidated the characters of the little-known group of Metaplax and those also of many species of the genus Sesarma, which are so extremely difficult to distinguish that great confusion regard- ing them is still observable in carcinological works. The @ollection made by Prof. Anderson contains, as already observed, a large number of interesting forms. I would especi- ally call attention to the following species:—a new form of the rare Maioid genus Harrovia, two rare species of Leptodius (L. nudipes and L. cavipes), two species of Heteropanope; a large series of Goniosoma merguiense aud of Gelasimus; two new forms of the singular genus Dotilla; the new genus Diowippe; the rare and interesting forms of Metaplar; eight species of Porcellana ; and, finally, the interesting species of Macrura. ‘Some common Indian genera, on the contrary, are not at all 1* A DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS represented in the collection, e. g., Matuta, Palinurus, and the Hippida. © Most species are represented by a small number of specimens. A few, however, are an exception and appear to have been very common at the Mergui Islands at the time the collection was made, as indicated in the following table :-— Specimens. Specimens. Leptodius exaratus, M.-Kdw.... 25 Gelasimus triangularis,A.M.-Hd. 33 Goniosoma merguiense, n. sp.... 20 Dotilla intermedia, n. sp......--- 32 Gelasimus Dussumieri, M.-Edw. 57 Metaplax elegans, n. sp. ......+-- 29 acutus, Stimps. ........-..- 67 Sesarma Edwardsi, n. sp. ..... 66 annulipes, Watr. ...........- 33 Porcellana picta, Stimps.........- 25 The genus Porcellana is represented in the Bay of Bengal by no fewer than 15 species, 8 of which are in the collection. Finally, I desire to take this opportunity of expressing my obligation to the following gentlemen, from whom I have received valuable assistance. I am especially indebted to Dr. F. A. Jentink, Director, and to Dr. R. Horst, Conservator, of the Zoological Museum of Leyden, for having permitted me to study a large series of interesting typical specimens preserved in that great Institution. My thanks are due to Mr. C. Ritzema, Conservator of the same Museum, for having kindly granted me the loan of many valuable carcinological works during the time I was working at this Collection; and also to Prof. Alph. Milne-Edwards, of Paris, to Prof. Mébius, of Kiel, and to Mr. C. Koelbel, of Vienna, for having permitted me to study a large number of typical specimens, described respectively by the late H. Milne-Edwards, by Fabricius, and in the ‘Novara’ Expedition. I have to express my thanks also to Dr. F. Meinert, of Copen- hagen, for having graciously presented to me excellent life-size photographs of three species of Fabricius, the types of which are preserved in the Museum of Copenhagen; and to Dr. Hil- gendorf, of Berlin, and to Dr. F. Richters, of Frankfort-on-the- Main, for having kindly compared for me specimens from Mergui with typical specimens of Herbst and Riuppell. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. A. List of Species collected in the Mergui Archipelago. DECAPODA. BRACHYURA. *Doclea hybrida, Fadr. Andersoni, n. sp. sp. Hyastenus Hilgendorfi, n. sp. Pleione, Herbst. Naxia (Naxioides) Petersii, Ailgend. *Schizophrys aspera, A. M.-Hdw. Micippa Haanii, S¢émps. *Lambrus longimanus, H. M.-Hdw. Harrovia elegans, n. sp. xAtergatis integerrimus, Lam. * —— floridus, Rumph. Carpilodes Stimpsoni, 4. M.-Edw. Acteea areolata, Dana. * rufopunctata, H. M.-Hdw. parvula, de Haan. s Pp. Huxanthus mamillatus, 4. W/.-Hdw. Xantho impressus, Lam. Medzeus distinguendus, de Haan. *Ohlorodius niger, Forsk. sculptus, A. M.-Kdw. Leptodius exaratus, H. M.-Edw. —— nudipes, Dana. cavipes, Dana. —— sp. *Chlorodopsis pilumnoides, Ad. § White. Cymo Andreossyi, Awd. *Menippe Rumphii, Fadr. Myomenippe granulosa, 4.M.-Hdw. Hurycarcinus maculatus, 4. M.-Hdw. *Ozius tuberculosus, H. M.-Hdw. +H pixanthus frontalis, H. M.-EHdw. dentatus, White. Actuimnus setifer, de Haan. elegans, n. sp. nudus, A, M.-Hdw. Heteropanope indica, n. sp. eucratoides, Stimps. Pilumunus yespertilio, Fabr. Andersoni, n. sp. seminudus, Miers. levis, Dana. *Hriphia leevimana, Latr. *Trapezia cymodoce, Herbst. xNeptunus pelagicus, L. ? gladiator, Habr. —— Andersoni, n. sp. Thalamita Savignyi, 4. M.-Hdw. — integra, Dana. * *Thalamita sima, H. M.-Hdw. prymna, Herbst. —— spinimana, Dana. —— Dane, Stimps. *—— crenata, Latr. ¥Goniosoma cruciferum, Fabr. *—— affine, Dana. —— merguiense, 0. sp. Hucrate affinis, Hasw. Carcinoplax setosus, 4. M.-Hdw. integer, Miers. xTelphusa Stoliczkana, Wood-Mason. Callianira, n. sp. -—— carinifera, n. sp. Pinnotheres Hdwardsi, n. sp. —— parvulus, Stimps. Xanthasia murigera, White. sp. xOcypoda ceratophthalma, Pall. * cordimana, Latr. Gelasimus Dussumieri, H. M.-Edw. acutus, Scips. annulipes, Latr. triangularis, 4. M.-Hdw. Macrophthalmus tomentosus, Hyd. & Soul. depressus, Riipp. Hrato, n. sp. Dotilla brevitarsis, n. sp. intermedia, n. sp. Dioxippe orientalis, n. gen. et n. sp. *Metopograpsus messor, Forsk. maculatus, H. M.-Hdw. xGrapsus strigosus, Herbsv. Pachygrapsus minutus, 4. M.-Hdw. Pyxidognathus Deianira, n. sp. Metaplax crenulatus, Gers¢. distinctus, H. M.-Hdw. *—— dentipes, Heller, —— elegans, n. sp. intermedius, n. sp. Sesarma Aubryi, A. M.-Hdw. aspera, Heller. —— Melissa, n. sp. picta, de Haan. —— Andersoni, n. sp. — Haswelli, n. sp. Dussumieri, H. M.-Edw. ?—— livida, 4. M.-Kdw. —— teniolata, White. —— intermedia, de Haan. * * * Sesarma Hdwardsi, n. sp. , var. crassimana, n. —— polita, n. sp. Kraussi, n. sp. sp. Clistoceloma merguiensis, n. sp. xCalappa philargius, L. * gallus, Herbst. DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Leucosia urania, Herbst. ? Pseudophilyra Hoedtii, de M, Melita, n. sp. *Philyra scabriuscula, Fabr. platycheira, de Haan. —— globosa, Fadr. Myra punctata, Herbst. xDorippe quadridens, Faér. sp. ANOMURA. Dromidia unidentata, Riipp., var. cranioides, n. sp. Cryptodromia, sp. *Porcellana inermis, Heller. japonica, de Haan. *—— dentata, H. M.-Hdw. — Bosceii, Aud. — sculpta, H. M.-Hdw. corallicola, Hasw. picta, Stimps. Huphrosyne, n. sp. *Pagurus punctulatus, Oliv. deformis, H. M.-Hdw. Calcinus terrz-regine, Hasw. Diogenes merguiensis, n. sp. miles, Hadbr. avarus, Heller. * % —— sp. xClibanarius infraspinatus, Hilgend. padavensis, n. sp. virescens, Krauss. zquabilis, Dana, var. mergui- ensis, n. Arethusa, n. sp. sp. sp. *«Coenobita violascens, Heller. MAcrvurRA. Gebia carinicauda, Szémps. Gebiopsis intermedia, n. sp. ¥Thalassina anomala, Herbst. »Thenus orientalis, Fabr. Alpheus brevirostris, Oliv. rapax (Fabr.), de Haan. *¥— Hdwardsii, Aud. Hippothoé, n. sp. *—— minor, Say, var. neptunus. , var. biunguiculatus. Nica macrognatha, Stzmps. Harpilius Miersi, n. sp. Hippolyte oligodon, n. sp. *Palzmon carcinus, Fabr. — acutirostris, Dana. x equidens, Dana. *Penzus semisulcatus, de Haan. sculptilis, Heller. —— merguiensis, n. sp. —— Lysianassa, n. sp. STOMATOPODA. xSquilla nepa, Latr. raphidea, Fabr. Pseudosquilla pilaensis, n. sp. xGonodactylus chiragra, Fabr. P@crLuoPpopDa. Limulus moluccanus, Lazr. | Limulus rotundicauda, Lair. [N.B.—In the foregoing list those species which have been previously observed in other parts of the Bay of Bengal (on the coast of Coromandel, at Ceylon, at the Nicobar Islands) and at Singapore are marked with an asterisk.] CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. a B. List of Species recorded from the Bay of Bengal (coast of Coromandel, Ceylon, Nicobar Islands) and Singapore, which are not represented in the Mergui Collection. The species in the following list which are not marked with an asterisk were collected during the years 1857-59 by the ‘ Novara’ Expedition, and have been described by Dr. Heller ; those which are marked with an asterisk have been recorded by MM. H. and A. Milne-Hdwards and others. xHgeria arachnoides, Lar. *Chorinus aries, Latr. Micippa hirtipes, Dana. Tiarinia verrucosa, Heller. Acanthonyx consobrinus, A. M.-Hdw. xLambrus echinatus, 1. 17.-Hdw. * deflexifrons, Miers. *—— Holdsworthi, Miers. * hoplonotus, Ad. § White. —— ——, var. planifrons, Miers. * carenatus, H. M.-Hdw. Xantho Lamarcku, H. 1.-Hdw. notatus, Dana. granosomanus, Dana. *Carpilodes rugatus, H. M.-Edw. Etisus utilis, Hombr. § Jacq. levimanus, Rand. Actzeodes tomentosus, H. W/.-Hdw. nodipes, Heller. Leptodius sanguineus, H. M.-Hdw. Pilodius pugil, Dana. Ozius rugulosus, Stimps. Trapezia cerulea, Riipp. areolata, Dana. ferruginea, Latr. rufopunetata, Herbst. Neptunus sanguinolentus, Herbst. ' xAchelous granulatus, H. M.-Hdw. Seylla serrata, Forsk. Thalamita Admete, Herbst. cxruleipes, Luc. § Jacq. Goniosoma sexdentatum, Herbst. % —— natator, Herbst. annulatum, adr. (=orientale, Heller, nec Dana). ¥—— rostratum, 4. M.-Hdw. xLissocarcinus polybioides, Ad. & White. * * * xMacrophthalmus transversus, Latr. *Macrophthalmus carinimanus, Latr. * levimanus, H. M.-Hdw. bicarinatus, Heller. Gelasimus vocans, Rumph. tetragonon, Herbst. rubripes, Luc. § Jacq. Ocypoda platytarsis, H. M.-Hdw. macrocera, H. M.-Hdw. Metopograpsus oceanicus, Luc. § Jacq. xGrapsus maculatus, Catesby. rudis, H. M.-Hdw. xGeograpsus Grayi, H. M.-Kdw. *Plagusia tuberculata, Lam. * immaculata, Lam. Acanthopus planissimus, Herbst. Varuna litterata, Fabr. Pseudograpsus barbatus, Rumph. Cyclograpsus punctatus, H.M/.-Hdw. Nectograpsus politus, Heller. Grapsodes notatus, Heller. Ptycbognathus pusillus, Hedler. Sesarma Hydouxi, 7. M.-Hdw. bidens, de Haant. —— indica, H. M-EHdw. eracilipes, H. M.-Hdw. Calappa tuberculata, Fabr. lophos, Herbst. Matuta victrix, Fabr. * - picta, Hess. * lunaris, Herbst. »Leucosia craniolaris, LZ, + brunnea, Miers. xCryptocnemus Holdsworthi, Miers. Albunea symnista, Fadr. Remipes testudinarius, H. M.-Edw. Hippa asiatica, H. M.-Edw. Porcellana pisum, H. M.-Hdw. pisoides, Heller. + It is with much hesitation that I include this species in the list. Heller records it; but I have little doubt that his specimen belonged to Sesarma Haswell, n. sp. 8 ‘DR. J. @. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Porcellana Dane, Heller. Alpheus charon, Heller. — scabriuscula, Dana. ¥—— comatulorum, Hasw. ——— militaris, Heller. Anchistia notata, Heller. penicillata, Heller. Leander longirostris, H. M.-Hdw. —— barbata, Heller. —— distans, Heller. Ceenobita clypeata, Herbst. Palemon rudis, Heller. —— rugosa, H. M.-Hdw. —— scabriculus, Heller. —— Olivieri, Owen. —— lanceifrons, Dana. Calcinus tibicen, Herbst. Hippolyte gibbosus, H. M.-Hdw. —— Gaimardi, H. M.-Edw. xSicyonia ocellata, Stimps. Clibanarius striolatus, Dana. Penzus monoceros, Fabr. —— corallinus, H. M.-Hdw. —— indicus, H. M.-Kdw. —— humilis, Dana. —— monodon, Far. ——- longitarsis, de Haan. —— avirostris, Dana. xPagurus affinis, H. M.-Edw. xAcetes indicus, H. M/.-Hdw. Paguristes ciliatus, Heller. xSquilla scorpio, Latr. Palinurus dasypus, H. M.-Edw. xGonodactylus glyptocereus, Wood- xScyllarus rugosus, Latr. | Mason. Alpheus levis, Rand. Order DECAPODA. Tribe BRACHYURA. Subtribe Oxyrhyncha. Family Inacuip2. Genus Docika, Leach. The genus Doclea, although known since the beginning of the century, belongs nevertheless to a group of Decapods which stands greatly in need of revision. Little doubt can be entertained that some species, formerly described by Bleeker + and by Stimpson, will ultimately prove to be identical when a large series of individuals of different sizes and ages are com- pared together. Mr. Miers}, the well-known and zealous English carcinologist, seems to hold the same opinion, for he has already united some species. The Mergui Collection contains four specimens of Doclea, which belong to three different species, one of which is new. t ‘Recherches sur les Crustacés de l’Inde Archipélagique,’ Batavia, 1856. { Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880, ser. 5, vol. y. p. 226. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 9 1. DoctEa HYBRIDA, Fabr. Inachus hybridus, Fabricius, Supplementum Entomologie systematice, Hafn. 1798, p. 355. Doclea hybrida, Milne-Edwards, Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, t. i. 1834, p. 294. (Compared by me with the typical specimen of Fabricius, pre- served in the Museum of the University of Kiel.) One fine female specimen was collected at Sullivan Island. The length of the cephalothorax* measures about 35 millim., while the breadth amounts to 34 millim., the lateral spines being excluded. The cephalothorax, which appears nearly circular, has an extremely convex and semiglobular upper surface, which bears many dentiform tubercles; the woolly down with which this species is covered is only observed in this specimen near the antero-lateral margins. The rostrum, which is a little broken off at the tip, is short, though not shorter than that of Doclea ovis, as figured in Milne-Edwards’s ‘ Regne Animal de Cuvier,’ plate 33; it is 6 millim. long from the tip to a transverse line which unites the two internal angles of the fissures that are found in the upper margins of the orbits, while this transverse line, which I regard as the base of the rostrum, is itself 9 millim. long. The antero-lateral margins are armed with four rather short though acute spines; the second spine is the smallest, the third is a little longer than the first, and the last spine is still somewhat longer and larger than the third, measuring 33 millim., directed transversely outward (not forward), and being exactly equidistant from the external orbital angle and the base of the spine with which the posterior margin of the carapace is armed. The latter spine is very short, measuring only 2 millim., so that it is as long as the third antero-lateral spine and directed horizontally backwards. The interregional grooves on the upper surface of the cephalothorax are rather strongly marked, so that the regions are very distinct. The upper surface of the cephalo- thorax is armed with many short, rather obtuse, dentiform _ tubercles, which are arranged in the following manner :—First, seven tubercles of equal size are placed in a longitudinal row on the median line of the upper surface, viz. five on the gastric, one on the cardiac, and one on the anterior part of the intestinal region. * Longitudinal distance from the posterior margin to a line which unites the eyes, so that the rostrum and the spine of the posterior margin are excluded. 10 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS The posterior tubercle of the five of the gastric region, that stands on the middle of the urogastric lobe, is situated exactly in the centre of the circular cephalothorax ; its distance from the next median gastric tubercle is greater than the distance of the latter from the third, while the distances between the three anterior tubercles are still somewhat smaller. Immediately before the foremost median gastric tubercle, two still more depressed rounded tubercles are found, situated close to one another in a transverse line and occupying the epigastric lobes. The protogastric lobes present a very small tubercle, placed on the side of and immediately behind the second gastric tubercle, and two or three other scarcely perceptible prominences more laterally. Hach of the hypogastric lobes is also provided at its anterior angle with a very small tubercle equal in size to that of the protogastric lobes, and therefore also smaller than the median gastric prominences. Finally, some more or less acute tubercles are found on the hepatic, epi- and mesobranchial lobes. As regards the under surface of the carapace, I may remark that it is wholly covered with the down which occurs in so many species of this genus, except the postabdomen, which is nearly smooth. The antero-lateral angles of the buccal cavity are armed with two nearly equal small spines, which are even a little shorter than the first antero-lateral spine of the carapace, being about the same size as the second. The postabdomen is composed of seven segments, of which the fourth, fifth, and sixth are coalescent ; their outer surface is minutely punctate, but the rest are smooth. The chelipedes are equal and a little shorter than the cephalothorax, being about 32 millim. long; the convex outer and inner surfaces of the hands are smooth, though minutely punctate, and the fingers nearly meet along their whole inner margins, presenting some small tufts of very short hairs on their outer and inner surfaces. In the male of this species the che- lipedes are considerably larger. The legs of the second pair, measuring about 66 millim., are somewhat shorter than twice the length of the cephalothorax ; in the adult male they are, how- ever, a little longer than twice the length of the cephalothorax, according to Fabricius’s type. The other legs successively decrease in length. The legs are everywhere covered with a close down, except the terminal ends of the dactylopodites. This specimen agrees perfectly with the typical specimen of Inachus hybridus, Fabr., except as regards the fourth (or last) CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 11 antero-lateral spine, which in the typical specimen is the same size as the third, and in which it is directed slightly forward and upward. I, however, regard this small difference only as sexual, local, or individual. As regards Doclea hybridoida, Blkr., I suppose it to be a mere variety of Doclea hybrida, characterized by the rudimentary state of the tubercles of the branchial regions. Doclea hybrida having been recorded also from the coast of Coromandel, would appear to inhabit the north-eastern part of the Indian Ocean. 2. DoctEa ANDERSONI, n.sp. (PI. I. figs. 1 &2.) A single adult specimen was collected at Sullivan Island, together with the preceding species. This new species closely resembles the Doclea figured by Seba (Thesaurus &e. t. ui. p. 41, tab. xvii. fig. 4), and I suppose it to be the same. The specimen from Sullivan Island, however, does not agree with Bleeker’s description of Doclea Sebe, Blkr., a species founded upon the same figure, as its upper surface is not armed with spines. Bleeker has pointed out that whereas the specimens he referred to D. Sebe had spines, these structures are not found in the figure given in the ‘ Thesaurus.’ The cephalothorax is 29 millim. long (without the rostrum and the posterior spine) and 30 millim. broad (without the lateral spines). Presenting thus the same circular form as Doclea hybrida, our species at first sight may be distinguished by its much lower, less convex, more depressed cephalothrax. The cephalothorax, which in D. hybrida is semiglobular, in our new species is more disk-shaped. The whole (upper and under) surface is densely covered with a short woolly down. The rostrum has the same form and size as that of D. hybrida, extending as much forwards. The antero-lateral margins are armed with four rather acute short spines, which are arranged in the same manner as in the pre- ceding species; the three anterior ones are nearly equally long, viz. 2-23 millim., but the posterior tooth is a little longer (34 millim.) and directed slightly forward and upward. This latter spine measures about half the breadth of the base of the rostrum (the transverse line that unites the internal angles of the supra- orbital fissures). The posterior margin of the carapace is armed with a median acute spine, directed backward and slightly upwards, which is nearly as long as the last antero-lateral spine. Though 12 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS the regions of the carapace are still distinctly indicated, the upper surface, however, appears less uneven than in D. hybrida, and no- where presents dentiform tubercles except in the median line, where two minute scarcely prominent tubercles are found, one in the’-middle of the mesogastric and one nearly in the middle of the anterior cardiac region. In its essential characters the under surface of the cephalo- thorax nearly resembles that of D. hybrida; but the two spines which in the latter are found on the sternum, between the legs of the second pair, are rudimentary or wanting in D. Andersont. The anterior legs or chelipedes, measuring 36 millim., are a little longer than the carapace. Regarding their form and structure they almost wholly resemble those of D. hybrida, the fingers nearly meeting along their whole inner margins; but the convex outer and inner surfaces of the hands are not only minutely punctate but also minutely granulate, when they are examined under a magnifying-glass; the palm is 9 millim. long and 44 millim. high, the fingers measuring 7 millim. As in D. hybrida, the fingers are covered on their outer and inner sur- faces with some small tufts of very short hairs. The legs of the second pair are 110 millim. long, and thus measure nearly four times the length of the carapace; as regards the shape and the relative length of their joints, I refer to the ficure (Pl. I. fig. 1) or to that of Seba’s ‘Thesaurus.’ The other legs are wanting. Except the propodites and the dactylo- _podites, the legs are everywhere covered with a close down. Professor Anderson kindly compared for me this species with the type specimen of D. Rissonii, Leach, which is preserved in the British Museum, and he informs me that the lateral spines of the cephalothorax of D. Rissonii are fewer and not so strong as in our new species, that in D. Rissonii there are only three short spines on each side of the carapace, and that the posterior is the shortest. The median spine, which occurs on the posterior margin, is also feebler in the Doclea of Leach. As regards the ambulatory legs, the two species agree in many points. The ce- phalothorax of the type of D. Rissonii in the British Museum is 353% millim. long, and the legs of the second pair are respectively 123 and 130 millim. long, so that, as in D. Andersonz, they are nearly four times as long as the cephalothorax. Doclea Andersoni may be distinguished from D. hybrida, Fabr., by the less elevated, disciform cephalothorax, by the shape and CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 13 direction of the spines of the antero-lateral and posterior margins, by the upper surface of the carapace being scarcely tuberculate, by the minutely granulate hands, and, finally, by the much more elongated legs. I have much pleasure in dedicating this new Doclea to Pro- fessor Anderson. 3. Doctea, sp. The Collection contains two other much smaller male speci- mens of a Doclea, also collected in the Mergui Archipelago. These Doclee are somewhat allied to the former species, but may be distinguished by the following characters :—first, the three anterior teeth of the antero-lateral margins are rather obtuse, being, however, also equal in length, but the last spine is comparatively much longer; secondly, the two minute, scarcely prominent median tubercles with which the upper surface of the cephalothorax of D. Andersoni is provided are repre- sented in these specimens by two rather strong spines; and, thirdly, the second pair of legs are comparatively shorter than in that species. As regards the shape of the carapace and the relative length and shape of the joints of the ambulatory legs, these specimens closely resemble D. Andersoni. The cephalothorax of the larger individual is 16 millim. long and 17 millim. broad; the three anterior teeth of the antero-lateral margins are scarcely 1 millim. long, but the acute posterior tooth, which is directed slightly forward and upward, measures 37 millim. The legs of the second pair, measuring 54 millim., are only a little longer than three times the length of the cephalothorax. The carapace of the younger specimen is only 84 millim. long and 9 millim. broad. In this individual the two median spines, on the middle of the upper surface of the cephalothorax, are comparatively still longer, and the last tooth of the antero- lateral margins is 3 millim. long, so that it measures about a third of the breadth of the carapace. The second pair of legs are 25 millim. long, and thus precisely three times as long as the length of the cepbalothorax. The median spine of the posterior margin is comparatively as long in these specimens as in D. Andersoni. Finally I may add that in these specimens, as in the preceding species, the upper surface of the cephalothorax, especially of the 14 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS antero-lateral regions, presents some longer yellowish hairs among the dense down with which it is covered. I do not venture to describe these specimens as a new species, as they are apparently very young. As regards Doclea muricata, Fabr., of which I was enabled to examine the typical specimen preserved in the Museum of the University of Kiel, I will observe that this species is closely allied to D. hybrida. It differs, however, first, by the armature of the upper surface-of the cephalothorax, the dentiform tubercles of D. hybrida being substituted in D. muricata by acute and longer spines ; and, secondly, by the fourth antero-lateral spine being nearly twice as long as the third. The chelipedes of the male are, moreover, comparatively smaller. As regards the shape of the cephalothorax and the form and the length of the ambulatory legs, Doclea muricata much resembles D. hybrida, the legs of the second pair being even in the male a little shorter than twice the length of the cephalothorax. Genus Hyastrenus, White. 4. Hyastenus Hinegenporri, n. sp.* (PI. I. figs. 3 & 4.) (Compared by Dr. Hilgendorf, of the Zoological Museum of Berlin, with the typical specimens of Hyastenus Pleione, Herbst.) Four specimens (2 ¢,2 2) of this new species are in the Col- lection, of which two (3 2 ) were collected at Elphinstone Island and two (¢ @) at King Island Bay. This new Hyastenus is closely allied to Hyastenus Pleione, Herbst. Dr. Hilgendorf, kindly compared for me one of the four specimens, a male, which I had sent him, with the (four) typical specimens of Herbst’s Cancer Pletone and communicated to me the characters by which this new species differs from that of Herbst. I therefore have much pleasure in dedicating this Hyastenus to the learned carcinologist of Berlin. As regards its outer appearance, our new species much resembles H. Plezone, Herbst, and H. diacantha, de Haan; it may, however, easily be * I was unable to compare the description of Lepidonaxia Defilippu of Targioni-Tozzetti, a species described in 1877 in the ‘Zoologia della Magenta’ ; according to Mr. Miers, however, this species may probably be regarded as a mere variety of H, oryx, A. M.-Hdw. (Zoology of H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ 1884, p. 195). CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 15 distinguished by the longer spines of the rostrum, and from Herbst’s species moreover by the direction of these spines. The cephalothorax is subpyriform, triangular, much more nar- rowed anteriorly than the cephalothorax of H. oryx, A. M.-Edw., and even a little more than that of H. Pleione. In the largest specimen (which I am describing) the proportion of the length* of the cephalothorax to the distance between the external angles of the orbits is as 9 to 4, whereas in H. Pleione itisas5 to 2. In the new species the proportion of the length of the cephalothorax to the breadth(measured a little before the lateral epibranchial spines, where the carapace is broadest) isas15to138. The gastric and the anterior cardiac regions are each elevated into a convex, rounded tubercle, both of which are about equally prominent. Between these two tubercles a small median transverse tubercle occurs in H. Pleione, which is not found in this species. The posterior cardiac region also rises into a small blunt median tubercle, directed obliquely backwards, and on each side of it an elevated line is observed running parallel with the posterior margin of the cephalothorax. In H. Hilgendorfi there is no median longitudinal series of spines on the upper surface of the cephalothorax. In H. Pleione, on the contrary, the posterior cardiac region rises into an acute spine. Immediately behind the imaginary line which unites the fissures of the supraorbital margins with one another, in H. Pleione five small, blunt, semiglobular tubercles or spines are found on the anterior declivity of the great gastric tubercle, arranged in an arcuate line; in our new species only the two lateral tubercles of this group are found, while the three middle ones are almost completely wanting. The epibranchial spine, with which each side of the cephalothorax is armed behind the middle of the lateral margins, in our species is comparatively much stronger, acute, and curved upwards; an imaginary line, which unites the bases of the two epibranchial spines with one another, crosses the posterior declivity of the anterior cardiac region. Between the anterior cardiac tubercle and the epi- branchial spines two small, scarcely prominent, blunt tubercles are found cn each side of the former, lying in an oblique direction; two imaginary lines, which unite the tubercles of * The length of the carapace is the distance between the posterior margin of the cephalothorax and a transverse imaginary line, which unites the anterior angles of the supraorbital margins. 16 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS each pair, meet one another posteriorly at the tubercle of the posterior cardiac region. The anterior one of these two tubercles, that lies on the mesobranchial region, is rather acute , in H. Pleione, and the posterior, though also blunt and obtuse, is nevertheless more prominent in Herbst’s species. The epibranchial lobes, which are situated on each side of the cervical suture, are provided in H. Hilgendorfi each with two small, little prominent, obtuse tubercles, lying behind one another; in _H. Pleione these two tubercles are conical and acute. Immediately behind the external angles of the orbits a small denti- form, rather obtuse tubercle is found on the hepatic region of the cephalothorax, which also occurs in H. Pleione. The lateral sides of the upper surface of the cephalothorax are moreover armed in our species, as in Plezone, with some small dentiform tubercles, which are situated behind the tubercles of the epi- branchial and hepatic regions and the bases of the legs, close to the latter. One of these dentiform tubercles is found, in both species, quite above the base of the chelipedes; behind this tubercle in H. Hilgendorfi four small dentiform tubercles occur, whereas in H. Plezone there are only two. I may add that these four tubercles are arranged rather irregularly and that they are often of a somewhat different size. Between the external angle of the anterior margin of the buccal cavity and the denti- form tubercle, which is found above the base of the anterior legs, in both species, two other dentiform tubercles occur, the anterior of which is twice as broad as the posterior. The spines of the rostrum are comparatively a little longer than those of H. Pleione (Dr. Hilgendorf informs me that the rostral spines have been drawn too long in Herbst’s figure of H. Pleione (pl. lviii. fig. 5). In the male of our species the proportion of the length of the cephalothorax to the distance of the two parallel imaginary lines, which unite respectively the tips of the rostral spines and the anterior angles of the supraorbital margins, is as 15to 114; in the female individuals this proportion is as 15 to 73. The rostral spines are thus comparatively shorter in the female ; but I may observe that this condition may perhaps be ascribed to the younger age of the female specimens, which are much smaller than the male. The rostral spines are quite as divergent as those of H. oryx (Nouv. Arch.du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. vili pl. 14. fig. 1). In A. Hilgendorfi the rostral spines are directed nearly horizontally forward, so that they make a very = CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. Wa obtuse angle with the anterior declivity of the gastricrecion. In H. Pleione, on the contrary, the spines are directed more down- wards, so that they are situated in the prolongation of the oblique surface of the anterior declivity of the gastric region. When the tips of the two rostral spines are united by an imaginary line and the antero-internal angles of the supraorbital margins by another, the proportion of the distance between these two imaginary lines to the distance between the antero-internal angles of the supraorbital margins is as 8 to 3; in the smaller female individuals this proportion is as 5 to 8, because the rostral spines are comparatively shorter. The basal antennal joint is a little narrower in this species than in H. Plezone, and its external margin is also of a somewhat different shape. In Herbst’s species the epistome is comparatively a little shorter, and it there- fore appears a little more enlarged; in this species (the male) the epistome is 13 millim. long, and the distance between the postero-internal angles of the orbits is 43 millim., and therefore three times as broad as the length of the epistome. Immediately behind the postero-internal orbital angles a small dentiform tubercle is found, lying between these angles and the antero- external angles of the buccal cavity. The penultimate joint of the peduncle of the external antenne is twice as long as the ter- minal joint. The outer maxillipeds and the male abdomen much resemble those of H. oryz. The chelipedes are scarcely longer than the length of the body (the spines of the rostrum included). The upper margin of the arm is provided above, at the proximal extremity, with two dentiform tubercles situated very near to one another. The wrist presents a small tubercle at its internal angle, and one or two on its upper surface. The hands are rather slender, being nearly five times as long as high, the fingers (which are about half as long as the palm) included. The scarcely sinuous upper and under margins of the palm are parallel to one another ; the hands are quite smooth and glabrous. The inner edges of the fingers are minutely denticulate and a little gaping at the base. The ambulatory legs much resemble those of H. oryx. Those of the first pair are about once and a half as long as the whole body, and the other legs are successively shorter; so that the ambulatory legs of the last pair are only once and one third the length of the cephalothorax (exclusive of the rostral spines). LINN. JOURN.— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 2 18 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS The dactylopodites are armed with a row of acute spinules along their inner margins; these spinules gradually increase in length towards the tip. Tn the smaller (female) specimens the anterior legs are com- paratively smaller. In H. Pleione the hands of the male are a little shorter in proportion to the length of the cephalothorax than in this species, and they also present a somewhat less slender form. The body of this Hyastenus is covered with a short pubes- cence on which some longer curved hairs are distributed ; similar longer hairs also occur on the spines of the rostrum and on the ambulatory legs. Dimensions of the larger male specimen :— millim. Length of the whole body .............+-<..2% 264 Length of the cephalothorax .................. 15 Distance between the external orbital angles .... 64 Breadth of the cephalothorax.................-. 13 Distance between the antero-internal angles of the Supraorbital margins “2. ..c6 22). een 4} Distance between the tips of the spines of the TOSCEUM fe kOe a. ote ee hee ee 7 Length of the anterior legs.................-:- 30 Length of the hands (the fingers included) ...... 123 Length of the first pair of ambulatory legs ...... 39 Length of the last pair of ambulatory legs ...... 20 5. Hyastenvus Preronr, Herbst. Cancer Pleione, Herbst, Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, t. iii. p- 52, Taf. lviti. fig. 5. Naxia Pleione, Gerstdcker, Carcinologische Beitrage, 1856, p. 114, Taf. v. figs. 1 & 2. Hyastenus Pleione, A. Milne-Edwards, Nowy. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. viii. p..250. The Collection contains four small specimens of a Hyastenus, which I refer to Herbst’s H. Pletone, as they present almost all the characters of this species, communicated to me by Dr. Hilgendorf. These individuals were collected at Sullivan Island. The largest specimen is only 15 millim. long (the rostral spines included) ; a female, already bearing eggs, is only 10 millim. long, including the spines of the rostrum. The spines of the rostrum are directed downward, so that they le in CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, 19 the prolongation of the oblique surface of the anterior declivity of the gastric region. In the largest specimen (15 millim. long), a male, the cephalothorax is 10 millim. long; so that the pro- portion of the length of the cephalothorax to that of the rostral spines is nearly as 15 to 7, whereas in H. Hilgendorfi this pro- portion is as 15 to 11z; the spines are thus comparatively much longer in this species. The posterior cardiac lobe rises into an acute spine. Genus Naxia, I -KHdw. 6. Naxia (NaxtorpEs) Pererst, Hilgendorf. Podopisa Petersii, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. Acad. Wissensch. Berlin, Nov. 1878, p. 785, Taf. i. fig. 1-5. Naxia (Naxioides) Petersii, Miers, Report on the Zool. Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Alert, 1884, p- 523. A young female specimen of this species was forwarded to Dr. Anderson from the Andaman Islands, and I therefore includeit. As it agrees completely with Hilgendorf’s description and figure, I will only add the following remarks :—The spine on the intestinal region appears rather obtuse, whereas in Hilgendorf’s adult specimen it is more acute. As in his speci- men, the spines of the rostrum seem to be broken off; they have almost the same length, are nearly parallel to one another, and are comparatively shorter than in the specimen in the Berlin Museum, for they do not reach as far forward as the peduncle of the external antenne. ach spine is armed on its dorsal surface with a very small accessory spine, somewhat as in Wasxioides hirta, A. M.-Edw. These antennal peduncles, which in the Berlin specimen were unequally developed, are quite equal to one another in the Andaman specimen; their terminal joint is little more than half as long as the penultimate joint, and the flagella are scarcely so long as the two terminal joints taken together. The flagella bear a few long hairs on their inner side; and the two last joints of the peduncle are clothed with many hooked hairs. The anterior legs are comparatively much smaller than in the male, but present nearly the same form. The length of the cephalothorax to the base of the rostral spines is about 26 millim., and the distance between the tips of the posterior branchial spines, indicating the greatest width of the carapace, amounts to QR 20 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 22 millim.; the legs of the second pair are about twice as long as the cephalothorax, measuring 58 millim. Mr. Miers presumes that this species is identical with Maazordes hirta, A. Milne-Edw., from Zanzibar; I think he is right. As Naxia (Nawioides) Petersii has been observed on the coast of Mozambique and at the Amirante Islands, it would appear to occur throughout the whole northern Indian Ocean. Genus Scuizopurys, White. 7. Scurzopurys aspera, H. A.-Hdw. Mithrax asper, Milne-Edwards, Hist: Nat. des Crustacés, t. i. p. 220 (1831). Maja (Dione) affinis, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, p. 94, t. xxi. fig. 4. Schizophrys aspera, Stimpson, Amer. Journ: of Seience and Arts, January 1860. Schizophrys aspera, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Crustacés de la Nowv.-Calé- donie, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. vii. 1872, p. 231, pl. x. fig. 1 (with the other synonyms). Three specimens are in the Collection, viz. one adult female provided with eggs, found at King Island Bay, and a smaller sterile female and a very young male from Elphinstone Island. The cephalothorax of the adult specimen is 54 millim. long (the rostrum included) and 41 millim. broad (without the lateral spines): It belongs to that common variety in which the rostrum consists of two long and straight spines that are each provided with a short, éxterual, obliquely directed accessory spine at the base. The upper surface of the carapace is granular, nowhere Spitiose. Schizophrys aspera has been recorded from Zanzibar (Milne- Edwards), Madagascar (Milne-Edwards), Mauritius (White), the coast of Malabar (Milne-Edwards), Borneo (Dana), Torres Strait (Haswell), New Caledonia (Milne-Hdwards), Navi- gator Islands (Milne-Edwards), and Japan (de Haan and Stimpson). This species may thus be said to occur throughout the whole Indo-Pacific region. Genus Mictrppa, Leach. 8. Micrppa Haanttr, Stemps. Pisa (Micippa) Thalia, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, p. 98, pl. xxiii. fig. 3. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. Pil Micippa Haanii, Stimpson, Prodremus descript. Animal. evertebr. que in Exped. ad Oceanum Pacif. sept. observ. et descripsit, Proc. Acad. Nat Sct. Philadelphia, Dec. 1857, p. 217. One very young male specimen was collected in the Mergui Archipelago. Family PartHENOPIp#. Genus Lamprus, Leach. 9. Lamprus tonatmanus, H. M.-EHdw. Cancer macrochelos, Seba, Thesaurus, t. iii. pl. xix. figs. 1, 8, & 9. Lambrus longimanus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. 1. p- 354, and Cuvier, Réegne Animal, Crustacés, pl. xxvi. fig. 1. Lambrus longimanus, Bleeker, Recherches sur les Crustacés de l’ Inde Archip., Batavia 1856, p. 17. Lambrus longimanus, Miers, On some Species of Maioid Crustacea, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, 5th ser. vol. iv. p. 20. | Four specimens were collected in the Mergui Archipelago, one of which, a very young individual, was found at Owen Island. One young specimen is infested with a Bopyrid. They completely agree with the above quoted descriptions and figures. Without doubt the species which Milne-Edwards described as ZL. longimanus is identical with that of which Miers has lately given a more extensive description. This species has been observed at Mauritius, Java (Miers), Amboina, Pondicherry, Philippine Islands (Rumphius, Milne- Edwards), Sumatra, Banka (Bleeker). Genus Harrovia, Ad. & White. 10. Harrovia ELEGANS, n. sp. (PI. I. figs. 5 & 6.) One single female individual of this new species was collected at Elphinstone Island. This species is closely allied to the two other species of Har- rovia, viz. H. albolineata, Adams and White, and H. tuberculata, Hasw.; but it may be easily distinguished by the form of the antero-lateral teeth of the cephalothorax, by the structure of the legs, and by some other eharacters. As regards its outer physiognomy, this species much resembles H. albolineata. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is hexagonal, and the distance between the last antero-lateral teeth is scarcely once and a half the length of the carapace. The upper surface is a little convex, smooth, though minutely D2, DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS punctate when seen under a lens, and densely tomentose ; the interregional grooves are faintly indicated, though they distinctly separate the somewhat prominent protogastric lobes from one another, from the mesogastric lobe, and from the adjacent hepatic and epibranchial regions. The cervical suture, which separates the gastric from the cardiac region, is also distinct; and an impressed line is found close to and parallel to the posterior margin of the cephalothorax. This posterior margin is slightly emarginate in the middle. The front has the characteristic form of the other Harrovie, being divided by a small median triangular incision into two truncated lobes, which have minutely granulated anterior margins. As in the other species of this genus, the internal angles of the upper orbital margins constitute a strong conical acute tooth on each side of the front; whereas the front is much deflexed downward, these acute intraorbital teeth are directed straight and horizontally forwards and project slightly beyond the front, as in H. tuberculata. The antero-lateral margins are nearly as long as the postero- lateral; they are divided into four teeth, the first, or anterior, of which is formed by the external orbital angle, which is not at all prominent; this first tooth or lobe is rather broad and truncate, its external margin being straight or scarcely slightly emarginate. The second tooth is also blunt or truncate, but is much narrower than the first, from which it is separated by a rather deep in- cision. The third tooth is the largest of all, conical and acute ; the last tooth resembles the third, but is a little smaller. The postero-lateral margins are slightly convex. The anterior margin of the buccal cavity is slightly emarginate on each side, and the endostome is longitudinally ridged, a clearly-marked ridge occur- ring on each side. The inflected sides of the cephalothorax are also tomentose. The abdomen (of the female) closely resembles that of H. albolineata, being seven-jointed; all the joints are distinctly separated from one another, and the lateral margins of the abdomen are fringed with short hairs. The slender anterior legs much resemble those of the species which was described by Adams and White. They are unequal in length and in size, the right being somewhat the larger. The right leg measures nearly three times the length of the cephalo- thorax. Both legs are everywhere granular, except on the inner surface of the palm, which appears almost smooth. The arms CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 23 are covered with more or less acute granules, a single somewhat larger granule being found at the end of the proximal third of the anterior margin, and another similar granule at the end of _ the proximal third of the upper margin. The wrist, about twice as long as broad, is everywhere granular, but does not present a tubercle above, as seems to occur in H. albolineata. The larger band resembles that of the last species. The fingers are about half as long as the palm, which presents a longitudinal groove on its granulated outer surface, close to and parallel with the upper margin, and another similar groove below near the under margin ; these grooves extend from the articulation with the wrist to the fingers. Two similar grooves are found on the equally convex, though almost smooth, inner surface of the palm. The fingers have acute tips which are perfectly close together ; they are longi- tudinally grooved, and the mobile finger is granular on its upper margin, and the index also at the base of its outer surface. The sharp inner edges are somewhat denticulate. The other cheli- pede, which is a little smaller, presents the same characters. The ambulatory legs and joints are very similar to those of HI. albolineata, as regards their shape and length, but the meropodites are armed on their upper margins with a row of small acute spinules, whereas there is no tooth at the distal end of the upper border. Dimensions : — millim itength of the cephalothorax >.....-2.-...).0¢- 63 Distance between the last antero-lateral teeth.... 91 Distance between the external orbital angles .... 5 Length of the larger chelipede ................ 18 Length of the larger hand (the fingers included).. 84 Breadth (height) of the palm at the base of the fingers. 2 Harrovia albolineata has been recorded from Borneo, Hong- kong, and the Philippine Islands; H. tuberculata from Australia (Darnley Island, Torres Strait). All the species of this inter- esting genus are thus inhabitants of the Indian seas. 24 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Subtribe Cyclometopa. Family CancripZ. Genus ArEerGaris, de Haan. 11. ATERGATIS INTEGERRIMUS, Lam. Cancer integerrimus, Lamarck, Histoire des Animaux sans Vertebres, tavenpu roe Cancer integerrimus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. 1, p- 374, and Atlas du Réegne Animal de Cuvier, pl. xi. bis, fig. 1. Atergatis integerrimus, de Haan, Fauna Jap., Crustacea, p. 45, pl. xiv. fig. 1. Atergatis subdivisus, Adams and White, I. c. p. 38, pl. vu. fig. 3. Atergatis integerrimus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Etudes Zoologiques sur les Crustacés récents de la Famille des Cancériens, Nouv. Arch. du Mu- séum Hist. Nat. t. i. 1865, p. 238. Three young male specimens are in the Collection, two at which were collected at Owen Island, and the third at King Island. Dimensions of these specimens :— 1. 2. 3. millim. milim. millim. Length of the cephalothorax..,. 22 18 104 Breadth of the cephalothoraxs .. 36 304 18} This species has beea recorded from Zanzibar, Ceylon, Java, the Philippine Islands, Hongkong, and Japan. Its geographical distribution therefore embraces the whole Indian Ocean and the Chinese and Japanese seas. 12. ATERGATIS FLORIDUS, Rumph. Cancer floridus, Rumphius, D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, p. 16, pl. vu. fig. 5 (1705). Cancer Ocyroe, Herbst, 1. c. pl. liv. fig. 2. Cancer Ocyroe, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, p. 375. Atergatis floridus, de Haan, l.c.p. 46; Stimpson, I. c. p. 30. Atergatis floridus, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t, i. p. 243; Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, p. 8. Eleven specimens of different sizes were collected in the Mergui Archipelago, two at Elphinstone Island, eight at Owen Island, and one at King Island Bay. The largest was col- lected at Elphinstone Island, and its cephalothorax is 57 millim. broad; the carapace of a female, which is provided with eggs, is 37 millim. broad. A widely distributed tropical species, recorded from the Red CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 25 Sea, Natal, Java, Amboina, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Loo-Choo Islands, and Japan. Genus CarpPinopeEs, Dana. 13. Carvrtopes Srrmesont, 4. Wilne-Edw. Carpilodes Stimpsonii, A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t.i. p. 232, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1865), and Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 181. Two male specimens were collected at Elphinstone Island. They agree very well with the original description, but the upper and external surface of the hands is not a little granular, but only rugose, and the penultimate joint of the abdomen in both individuals is quadrate, as long as broad, and resembles that of Carpilodes venosus, Milne-Edw.; while in New-Caledonian specimens, according to the figure given by A. Milne-Edwards, this joint is a little broader than long. The cephalothorax of the larger specimen is 1382 millim. broad and 8 millim. long. This species is most closely allied to Carpilodes venosus, M.-Edw. (= Carpilodes obtusus, de Haan), for the latter appears to be only distinguished by the upper surface of the carapace and of the hands being wholly smooth. Carpilodes Stimpsoni has hitherto been only recorded from the shores of New Caledonia. Genus Acrma, de Haan. 14. Acrma arEonata, Dana. Actza areolata, Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, t. 1. p. 162, pi. vin. fig. 1. Actza areolata, Alph. Milne-Hdwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. i. p. 264. One male specimen was collected at Elphinstone Island. Though doubtless belonging to this species, it presents nevertheless two slight differences from Dauna’s figure which are worthy of notice, as being probably caused by the fact that this specimen had not yet attained its full size. The front projects a little more forward, and the most internal lobule of the protogastric lobe (areola 2 M), which is adjacent to the meso- gastric lobe, is scarcely broader than the latter, while this lobule in Dana’s figure appears nearly twice as large as the mesogastric lobe. The cephalothorax of this specimen is 132 millim. broad and 26 DR. J. @. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 81 millim. long (exclusive of the basal portion of the abdomen). The pterygostomian regions are sulcate in this species. Actea areolata has previously been recorded from the Sooloo Sea or Balabac Straits. 15. Actma RuUFoPUNCTATA, I.-KHdw. Xantho rufopunctatus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. 1. p. 389. Actza rufopunctata, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. i. p. 268, pl. xviii. fig. Acta pilosa, Stimpson, 1. c. p. 31, and A. Milne- Edwards, Ll. c. p- 265. Six fine specimens (three ¢, three 9) are in the Collection, four of which were collected at King Island Bay, while the two other male specimens were found at Elphinstone Island. The cephalothorax of an ova-bearing female is 28 millim. broad and 203 millim. long. These numbers in an adult male are respectively 32 millim. and 23 millim. I refer these specimens to the common Indian Actea rufo- punctata, as they nearly completely present the striking charac- ters of that species. In all these specimens, however, the whole upper surface of the cephalothorax and the outer surface of the legs, besides being clothed with a short close down, similar to that of A. tomentosa, are moreover covered with longer yellowish-brown hairs, which were not described by the French carcinologist; and, secondly, the cardiac region of the upper surface of the cephalothorax never shows even a trace of a median groove, which is visible in Milne-Edwards’s figure. The specimens are of a yellowish colour, and marked with red spots on the carapace and on the legs. The individuals which I described some time ago under the name of A. rufopunctata (Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ui. p. 172, and vol. ii. p- 96) seem to belong to the same species, but the median frontal lobes are less prominent in the Red-Sea specimens, a difference which may probably be ascribed to their being younger. Never- theless, the small size of these specimens, already bearing eggs, is very remarkable. Actea pilosa, Stimpson, from Hongkong is, in my opinion, identical with A. rufopunctata. As regards Actea Kraussi, Heller, from the Red Sea and from the Island of Bourbon, I may observe that it differs from these specimens by its compara- tively more enlarged cephalothorax, by the subhepatic regions CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 27 being sulcated (as in A. hirsutissima and A. areolata), and by many other details in the structure of the legs. Actea rufopunctata has been recorded from Mauritius, Ceylon, Cocos Island, the Fiji and Samoa Islands, the Red Sea, the African coast of the Mediterranean, and even from the Canary Islands. Mr. Miers records its probable occurrence at Madeira and in the South Atlantic. 16. Act#A PARVULA, de Haan. Menippe parvulus, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crustacea, p. 21. Menippe parvulus, Krauss, Die siidafrikanischen Crustaceen, 1843, p- 34, tab. i. fig. 2. Three fine specimens of this apparently very rare species are in the Collection. They were all obtained at Owen Island. Their measurements are as follows :— 1. 2. 3. millim. wmillim. millim. Length of the cephalothorax.. 16 13 14 Breadth of the cephalothorax . 223 18 20 They completely agree with the description and with the accurate figure published by Krauss, whose specimens were col- lected on the coast of Natal, and determined by M. de Haan himself. This species, which belongs to the genus Actea, as characterized by M. Alph. Milne-Edwards, was not taken up by this eminent carcinologist in his Monograph of these Crabs. Actea parvula, de Haan, is evidently closely allied to Actea setigera, M.-Edw., from the West Indies, and seems to represent that form in the Indian Ocean. This species may, however, be easily distinguished by a somewhat less enlarged carapace, by the nearly straight postero-lateral margins, and also by some other characters. As regards the proportion of the length and the breadth of the cephalothorax, this may be expressed by the numbers 47 and 64. The anterior half of the upper surface of the carapace is very convex longitudinally, but the posterior half appears much de- pressed and flattened, as well longitudinally as transversely. The regions are only distinctly indicated on the two anterior thirds of the upper surface and separated from one another by rather deep interregional grooves, but behind a transverse imaginary line bordering the urogastric lobe the surface appears every- where depressed, undivided by grooves, and uniformly covered 28 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS with small, equal, rounded granules. As in Actea setigera, each protogastric region is divided by a longitudinal groove into two subequal lobes. All the lobes of the two anterior thirds of the upper surface are covered with rather coarse, somewhat conical granules, which are even a little larger on the antero-lateral regions than on the gastric lobes. The whole upper surface of the carapace is covered, moreover, by rather long yellowish hairs. The granulated anterior margin of the strongly deflexed, four- lobed front is divided by a deep, narrow, median incision into two halves, each of which is broadly emarginate, so that the frontal margin presents two median, obliquely truncate, large lobes, and two lateral, small, dentiform ones, which are prolonged towards the basal joint of the external antenne, with which they unite. As in A. setigera, the antero-lateral margins are very indis- tinctly divided into four lobes (besides the external angle of the orbit): the three anterior lobes are very broad, the last is very small, and all are provided with coarse conical granules equal to those of the adjacent antero-lateral regions. As in A. hirsutis- sima and A. areolata, the convex hairy, scarcely granular, subhe- patie regions present some narrow grooves, which are prolonga- tions of the fissures that divide the antero-lateral borders. In the male the outer surface of the sternum and of the postabdomen appears rather coarsely punctate, and also somewhat hairy, and the penultimate joint of the latter is a little longer than broad, and a little longer than the terminal segment. The arms of the equal chelipedes are almost entirely covered by the cephalothorax, and their rounded under surface is some- what granular. The outer and upper surface of the wrist is covered with numerous conical granules, which resemble those of the antero-lateral regions on the upper surface of the carapace. Also the upper and outer surfaces of the hands present similar conical granules, which are often arranged in longitudinal rows ; but their scarcely convex inner surface appears almost smooth, presenting only some few depressed small granules in the middle. The fingers of one of the specimens, which are pre- served in alcohol, are of a black colour, those of the two other individuals are brown; in the specimen described by Krauss they presented a somewhat yellowish colour. In this species the colour of the fingers does not extend on the surface of the palm; in A. setigera it extends on the palm, according to the description CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. .- 29 ot A. Milne-Edwards. The mobile finger is a little longer than the other ; both are pointed, sulcate, and punctate, and they are a little granular and hairy at the base; they are armed along their inner margins with some teeth, which are rather feeble in the female specimen, but strong in the male. The index of the latter is armed with a very strong tooth near the middle, and, moreover, with two or three smaller teeth between the first and the point; the mobile finger presents about six teeth, the two basal ones of which are a little larger than the others. These teeth, like the pointed tips, are of a white colour, and the inner surface of the index is provided with a tuft of short hairs. Regarding the other legs, I refer to the accurate figure of Krauss; the joints are granular along their upper and under surfaces or margins. The chelipedes, as as well as the ambulatory legs, are provided with tolerably long yellow hairs, which resemble those of the carapace. As regards Cancer scaber, Fabricius (Suppl. Entom. Syst. p.336), I may observe that it is doubtless a different species, distin- guished at first sight from A. parvula by its unequal cheli- pedes, besides some other characters. But A. parvula cannot be identified with Milne-Edwards’s Xantho scaber (1. c. p. 390), a species described as being closely allied to A. setigera, although it has been referred to Fabricius’s species, because it has not been included among the species of Actea described by Prof. A. - Milne-Edwards in his Monograph of this genus. Actea parvula, de Haan, so far as I know, has hitherto been found only at the Cape and on the rocky coast of Natal. 17. Acrma, sp. The collection contains 4 small mutilated specimen of a species of Actea which I am unable to determine. This indi- vidual is only 7 millim. long and 103 millm. broad. It is closely allied to A. parvula, but the whole upper surface of the cephalo- thorax is lobed, the meropodites of the ambulatory legs are com- paratively more enlarged, and the legs are covered with much larger, though also conical, granules. This specimen, however, which was collected at Elphinstone Island, may prove to be the young of the preceding species. 30 DR. J. @. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Genus Evxantuus, Dana. 18. Euxanruts Mamibuatvs, WW -Hdw. Cancer mamillatus, Milne- Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, p. 376. Euxanthus mamillatus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. i. p. 292, pl. xv. fig. 2, & t. ix. p. 196. Four specimens are in the Collection, two of which were col- lected at Owen Island and two at Elphinstone Island. IT am inclined, with Milne-Edwards, to regard Huaanthus melissa, Herbst, H. nitidus, Dana, and EL. mamillatus, M.-Edw., as varieties of the same species. An adult male specimen, the cephalothorax of which is 32 millim. long and 49 millim. broad, wholly agrees with the description of true EH. mamillatus, M.- Edw., but in younger specimens, about 21—24 millim. in breadth, the elevations of the upper surface of the carapace are some- what more rugose. I now suspect that in young specimens of these crabs the bosses are always a little rugose, and that they become nearly smooth in adult specimens of #. mamillatus, while they remain rugose and become even still more so in the form which has been described as EH. Huonii, Lucas. Euxanthus mamillatus has hitherto been recorded from the coast of Cochin China and from Australia. Genus XanrHo, Leach. 19. XaNTHO IMpREssSUsS, Lam. Cancer impressus, Lamarck, 1. c. p. 272. Xantho impressus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 393. Xantho impressus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Crustacés de la Nouv. Calé- donie, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 198, pl. vi. fig. 2. One young male specimen was collected near Owen Island, the cephalothorax of which is 22 millim. long and 38 millim. broad. This very rare species has been collected also at Mauritius and on the shores of New Caledonia, so that we may conclude that it 1s distributed throughout the Indian Ocean and the Malayan archipelago. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 31 Genus Mrepaus, Dana. 20. MEDUS DISTINGUENDUS, de Haan. Cancer (Xantho) distinguendus, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 48, tab. xiii. fig. 7. Chlorodius distinguendus, Stimpson, I. c. p. 32. Xantho distinguendus, Heller, Beitrige zur Crustaceen-Fauna des rothen Meeres, Sitzungsber. k. Acad. Wiss. Wien, Bd. xliii. 1861, p. 323. Eleven specimens (6 5, 5 2) were collected, eight at Elphin- stone Island and three at King Island Bay. These specimens, which are doubtless very young, agree so well with the description and the figure of Xantho distinguendus in the ‘ Fauna Japonica,’ that I have no hesitation in regarding them as identical with it. They seem only to differ a little from the Japanese specimens in the meropodites of the ambulatory legs being less distinctly granulated, and in the upper margin of these joints being slightly carinate. I have little else to add to the existing description, this species having been well figured by de Haan. The postero- lateral sides of the carapace are distinctly granulate, the cardiac region appears smooth to the naked eye, but minutely granulate and punctate when it is seen under a magnifying-glass. The penultimate joint of the male abdomen is nearly quadrate, with the lateral margins slightly concave. Stimpson was in error in referring this species to the genus Chlorodius, and in supposing it to be probably a variety ot Leptodius exaratus, the fingers of the anterior legs being pointed and not at all excavated. Leptodius exaratus, moreover, is a quite different species. I refer de Haan’s Xantho distinguendus to the genus Medeus, because it agrees perfectly in its physiognomy and outer appear- ance with the other representatives of the genus, as, e. g., Medeus elegans, Alph. M.-Edw. One of the specimens is infested by a Bopyrid. Dimensions of the largest specimen ( 3) :— millim. Distance between the last antero-lateral teeth .. 194 Length of the cephalothorax, the basal portion of the abdomen not being included .......... 13 Medeus distinguendus, de Haan, has previously been recorded 32 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 2 from Japan and Hongkong, and it seems to occur also in the Red Sea according to Dr. Heller. Genus Cutoropivs, Riipp. 21. Cutoropius nicER, Forskal. Cancer niger, Forskal, Descriptiones animalium §c. (Hafniz, 1775), psd: Chlorodius niger, Riippell, Beschreibungen und Abbildungen von 24 Arten kurzschwdnzigen Krabben (Frankfurt, 1830), p. 20, Taf. iv. fig. 7. Chlorodius niger, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 401; Alph. Milne-Edwards, t. ¢. p. 214. Chlorodius niger, Stimpson, l.c. p. 31; Heller, I. c. p. 18. Cancer (Xantho) denticulatus, de Haan, Herklots, Symbole carcino- logice (Leyden, 1861), p. 10. Chlorodius niger, de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ui. p- 174. . Six specimiens of different sizes were collected at ie Island, an adult female and five younger specimens. The cephalothorax of the adult individual is 23 millim. broad and 15 millim. long. The specimens all belong to that variety in which the two posterior antero-lateral teeth are acute, spini- form, and obliquely directed forward; the two anterior antero- lateral lobes and the external orbital angles are rounded. The anterior margin of the arms of the chelipedes is armed with a small acute tooth, and the upper margin is somewhat granular. This species seems to be distributed throughout the whole Indo- Pacific region, having been recorded from the Red Sea (Tor, Djeddah), the Seychelles, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius, Madras, Nicobar Islands, the Malayan archipelago (Java, Timor, Halmahera), the coasts of Australia (Port Jackson, Darn- ley Island), New Guinea, New Caledonia, and the Pacific Ocean (Fiji, Loo-Choo, and Samoa Islands) as far as Tahiti. 22. Cutoroptus scuneTus, Alph. M.-Edw. Chlorodius sculptus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p.217, pl. viii. fig. 4; de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. iii. p. 98. Three fine specimens (23, 19) were collected at Sullivan Island. The cephalothorax of the largest individual is 153 millim. long and 25 millim. broad. As in Chlorodius niger, so also in this species, the form of the antero-lateral teeth is variable CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 33 In two specimens only the last antero-lateral tooth on each side is spiniform ; and this probably has also been the case in the third example, but unfortunately in it these teeth seem to be broken off. In the specimens from New Caledonia, described by M. Alph. Milne-Edwards, the last two antero-lateral teeth were spiniform. Not only is the anterior margin of the arms of the chelipedes armed with more or less acute tubercles, but some are also present on the upper margin. The ambulatory legs are densely covered, along their upper margins, with long yellowish hairs and, as in the Red-Sea specimen described by me some time ago, the upper margin of the meropodites is spinulose and not granulose, as stated by Alph. Milne-Hdwards. Chlorodius sculptus, a very distinct species, has previously been found in the Red Sea (de Man), on the shores of the Seychelles, the Samoa Islands, and New Caledonia. Genus Lertopivs, A. M.-Edw. 23. Lepropius Exaratus, J/.-Edw. Chlorodins exaratus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 240; Stimpson, |. c. p. 31. ; Cancer (Xantho) affinis, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, p. 48, pl. xiii. fig. 8. Leptodius exaratus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, l. c. p. 222. Leptodius exaratus, Kossmann, Zoolog. Ergebnisse einer Reise in die Kiistengebiete des rothen Meeres, 1877, p. 32, Taf. ii. Twenty-five rather young specimens of this widely distributed species are in the Collection ; all belong to the typical L. exaratus, M.-Edw. ‘Thirteen were collected at Elphinstone Island Bay (73,6@), six at Owen Island (83,32), and six at King Island Bay. One of the Elphinstone-Island female specimens is infested with a Sacculina. 94, LEPTODIUS NUDIPES, Dana. Chlorodius nudipes, Dana, United States Explor. Exped., Crust. t. i. p- 209, pl. xi. fig. 12. Leptodius nudipes, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 225. Two specimens (¢ @) were collected at Owen Island. The cephalothorax of the larger specimen, the male, is 163 millim. broad ; whereas the female individual, which is already carrying eggs, is scarcely 10 millim. broad. According to Milne-Hdwards, this species, however, attains a breadth of 20 millim, LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 3 3 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS I have only to add to the quoted descriptions that the posterior half of the upper surface of the cephalothorax is also punctate, so that the whole upper surface is punctate. This species pre- sents a singular resemblance to Xantho nudipes, Alph. M.-Edw. (2. c. p. 197, pl. vii. fig. 5). In this latter form, however, which has the fingers of the chelipedes pointed and not at all excavated, the distance of the orbits measures only a third of the breadth of the carapace, whereas in Leptodius nudipes the cephalothorax is scarcely twice as broad as the distance of the orbits. Leptodius nudipes, Dana, has been recorded from the Strait of Balabac, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and the Sandwich Islands. 25. Lepropivs caviPEs, Dana. Chlorodius cavipes, Dana, J. c. t.i. p. 212, pl. xii. fig. 1; Stimpson, 1. ¢. p. 32. Three specimens (1d, 2@) of this rare species were collected at Owen Island. They agree perfectly with the original descrip- tion and with the figure quoted. The cephalothorax of the largest specimen (¢) is 12 millim. broad, and the smaller female, which is already provided with eges, is only 10 millim. broad. According to Dana, however, this species attains a breadth of more than 10 lines. The rare Leptodius cavipes has hitherto been recorded, so far as I know, only by Dana and by Stimpson from the Bonin Islands. 26. Lepropivs, sp. The Collection contains two very young’ specimens, namely, a male individual found at Elphinstone Island, and a female from Owen Island, which are closely allied to Leptodius exaratus, but which differ from that common species by the hands being covered with small granules. The cephalothorax of the male specimen is scarcely 9 millim. broad, that of the other scarcely 10 millim. As regards the shape of the carapace, these examples resemble very well Leptodius exaratus, the autero-lateral margins being armed with four teeth, but the upper surface is somewhat minutely granular anteriorly. The chelipedes of the male are unequal, those of the female almost equal; the granules, with which the outer surface of the hands is provided, are more distinct in the male than in the female. 1 do not venture to give a new name to these specimens, especially as this granula- CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 390 tion may hereafter prove to be a character of very young indi- viduals, similar to what occurs in young specimens of Kriphia levimana. Perhaps these specimens belong to Haswell’s Lep- todius granulosus (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. W. vol. vi.), but his description is not at my disposal. Genus Cutoropvoprsis, A. W.-Hdw. 27. CHLORODOPSIS PILUMNOIDES, Ad. & White. Chlorodius pilumnoides, Adams and White, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Samarang,’ 1850, Crustacea, p. 41, tab. ix. fig. 3. Seven specimens were collected at Owen Island, viz. two very young males and five females; two of the latter are adults. They fully agree with the original description and figure. In the adult females the anterior margin of the arms of the cheli- pedes is armed with a row of four or five strong spines. The species may easily be distinguished by this character from the closely allied Chlorodopsis melanochira, A. M.-Edw., from New Caledonia. In the females the black coloration of the fingers does not extend on the outer or inner surface of the palm, whereas in the adult male it does do so according to Mr. Miers. In the young specimens the anterior margin of the arm is still nearly unarmed, only presenting one or two small acute tuber- cles at the proximal end; the anterior margin of the front and the orbits are also less spinulose in these young indi- viduals. Chlorodopsis pilumnoides has hitherto only been recorded from Singapore and the Philippine Islands. Genus Cymo, de Haan. 28. Cymo AnprRzEossyi, dud. Pilumnus Andreossyi, Savigny, Description de ? Egypte, Crust. p. 86, pl. v. fig. 5. Cymo Andreossyi, Heller, Sitzungsber. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1861, p. 346. Cymo Andreossyi, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara- Reise, 1865, p. 20. Cymo melanodactylus, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust. p. 22. Cymo Andreossyi, Miers, Report Zool. Collections of the Voyage of H.M.S. < Alert,’ 1884, p. 532. A male specimen is in the collection from Sullivan Island, and it perfectly agrees with a specimen collected at Djeddah, in the Red Sea. It is only 10 millim. broad, whereas the 3% 36 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS breadth of the Djeddah specimen is 133 millim. The individual from Sullivan Island belongs to the variety melanodactyla, the fingers being dark-coloured with white tips. The right leg is largest. The frontal margin is armed between the dentiform internal orbital angles, on each side of the median furrow, with five small acute teeth: the first, third, and fifth are of equal size, the second and fourth a little smaller; the first or median teeth are a little more prominent than the others. Cymo Andreossyi, with the variety melanodactyla, is distributed throughout the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Malayan archi- pelago, as far as the Fiji and Samoa Islands. Genus Mentippr, de Haan. 29. Mentpre Rumputt, Pabr. (Compared with a typical specimen of Fabricius’s Cancer Rumphit.) Cancer Rumphu, Fabricius, Supplementum Entom. Syst. p. 336. Cancer Rumphii, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, iu. p. 63, Taf. xlix. fig. 2. Ree ioracine Belangeri, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. i. p. 409, pl. xiv. bis, fig. 25. Menippe Belangeri, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, p. 15. Nec Pseudocarcinus Rumphu, Milne- Edwards, 1. c. p. 408. Three rather young specimens were collected at King Island. I am indebted to Dr. F. Meinert of Copenhagen for an ex- cellent photograph of the typical specimen of Fabricius’s Oancer Rumphii, collected by Daldorff on the coast of Tranquebar. After having compared these specimens with that figure, I was led to the conclusion that they belong to Menippe Rumphii, Fabr. I then sent one of them to Dr. Hilgendorf, who informed me that it was also identical with Herbst’s Cancer Rumphii. As had already been proved in 1872 by Prof. von Martens, I am also inclined to regard Milne-Edwards’s Pseudocarcinus Belangeri as identical with the true Menippe Rumphii, Fabr., whereas Pseudo- carcinus Rumphii, M.-Edw., is doubtless a different species. I have before me an adult male specimen of Menippe Rumphiz, Fabr., collected on the coast of Atjeh, and I may now add the following particulars to the existing descriptions of this species. Menippe Rumphii, Fabr., really belongs to the genus Menippe, because the peduncle of the external antenne occupies the CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 37 internal hiatus of the orbits, the inferior margin of which is not united with the upper margin; the basal joint is rather small, the second scarcely reaches the front, and the third joint occu- pies the orbital hiatus, though not filling it. As in Myomenippe, the flagellum of these antenne is rather short, being only as long as the breadth of the front. The cephalothorax is rather enlarged, the proportion of its length to its breadth (the distance of the penultimate antero- lateral teeth) being, as Heller rightly observes, as 43 to 63. The upper surface is slightly convex longitudinally, being rather declivous towards the front and towards the antero-lateral margins; the posterior half is rather flattened and much de- pressed. The interregional grooves are very shallow, and some of them are scarcely or not at all indicated; besides the usual median frontal furrow, shallow gastro-branchial and branchio- cardiac grooves are present, the latter being, however, very faintly marked in young individuals. The transverse groove (cervical suture), which in other species separates the gastric region from the cardiac, is wanting. On each side of the gastric region, a faintly marked, arcuate sutural line is found, the inner end of which terminates in the middle of the gastro- branchial groove ; whereas the postero-external end issues into a short impressed line, which proceeds obliquely inward and back- ward frem the last antero-lateral tooth. The same grooves are found also in Myomenippe granulosa, A. M.-Edw., in which they are very deep; they are, on the contrary, very shallow and often scarcely distinct in Menippe Rumphii, Fabr. In Myom. granu- losa the regions are very prominent and covered with granules, while in Men. Rumphit they are only partly indicated and smooth. Though the upper surface is smooth and glabrous, it is, however, punctate, especially on the antero-lateral portions and on the gastric region; the punctations are generally minute, but some larger ones are scattered over the hepatic region, on the proto- gastric lobes, and on the arcuate sutural line, which occurs on each side of the gastric region. The slightly prominent front is rather narrow, the distance of the internal angles of the upper orbital margins measuring scarcely more than one fifth of the greatest width of the cephalo- thorax. The front presents four obtuse rounded lobes; the internal lobes are broad and rounded, and nearly twice as broad as the external, which are much smaller, much less prominent, 38 DR. J. G@. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS dentiform and obtuse. The internal lobes are separated from one another by a rather deep triangular incision, the internal from the external by a shallower emargination. The smaller, external, frontal lobes finally are separated from the obtuse, little promi- nent, internal angles of the upper orbital margins by an equally shallow emargination. Whereas in Jyom. granulosa, A. M.- Edw., the front is armed with six lobes, the four lateral ones of which are dentiform, the front of Men. Rumphi only presents four lobes, of which the internal are nearly twice as broad as the external, as I have already observed. Immediately behind the median or internal frontal lobes, two rounded tubercles or promi- nences are seen on the front, between the internal orbital angles, one behind each median frontal lobe; a little more backwards the two rounded epigastric lobes are found, which are ovate, rounded, and as prominent as the two lobes that lie before them on the front. Immediately behind the epigastric lobes, the four proto- gastric lobes are observed, which are, however, very faintly marked, the grooves which*separate the internal from the external being scarcely indicated. All these lobes are separated from one another by the median frontal furrow, which is distinctly marked. The orbits are small and round, and their upper margin presents traces of two fissures. The external angle of the orbits is very small, obtuse, and scarcely prominent ; as in Myom. granulosa, A. M.-Edw., it is separated by a small hiatus from a somewhat larger, obtuse tubercle, which lies immediately below it, on the inferior orbital margin, which is somewhat more prominent. The internal lobe of the inferior orbital margin is rounded and obtuse, and projects comparatively less forward than in Myom. granulosa, being less prominent than the external frontal teeth. The antero-lateral margins, which are almost as long as the postero-lateral, present four lobes behind the external angles of the orbits, the two posterior of which are dentiform and slightly prominent; the two anterior, however, are broad, scarcely pro- minent, and obscure. They are separated from one another by rather small, shallow notches; quite different from the prominent antero-lateral lobes of Myom. granulosa, which are separated from one another by deep incisions. The greatest width of the cephalothorax is at the penultimate antero-lateral teeth. The postero-lateral margins are oblique and straight. The endostome is not ridged longitudinally. The pterygosto- CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 39 mian regions and the inflected sides of the carapace are smooth ; the latter are hairy on the posterior half, above the bases of the legs. As regards the shape and structure of the outer foot-jaws, this species fully agrees with Myom. granulosa. The anterior legs greatly resemble those of Myom. granulosa, but they are everywhere completely smooth, though sparsely punctate. They are as unequal as in that species, the right leg in all the specimens being largest. The upper margin of the arm, which is fringed with short hairs, does not present a small acute spine at its distal end. ‘The internal angle of the wrist is slightly prominent, rounded and obtuse. The larger hand is but little shorter than the greatest width of the cephalothorax and about twice as long as high. In the shape of the palm and of the fingers, and in the armature of the latter, this species closely resembles Myom. granulosa. The ambulatory legs of both species are very similar to one another, the three terminal joints being rather hairy. Dimensions of a large male specimen :— millim. ene thy on thercephalothorax..- sys <6 546-1 40 Greatest width of the cephalothorax .......... 58 Distance of the internal angles of the upper orbital MULE CoS ae siayee htop io ap cfers/sh el tyckols yoy cited stopol sh are 123 emethvotune larger Wands ye. cicero) yee «ioe « 54 ielenwloy Oe ine lengaere IneWaGls Gedo begataccnseoce 25 Menippe Rumphii, Fabr., inhabits the Bay of Bengal and the neighbouring seas, being recorded by Fabricius from the coast of Tranquebar, and by Heller (as Menippe Belanger’) from the Nicobar Islands, whereas the above described specimen was col- lected by Mr. J. A. Kruyt on the coast of Atjeh (Sumatra). Genus Myomentrpr, Hilgendorf. The genera Menippe and Myomenippe stand greatly in need of revision, much confusion being still found in the synonymy of their species. The genus Myomenippe chiefly differs from Menippe by the external antenne being quite excluded from the orbits, the inferior margin of which is united with the upper margin, as in the genus Huruppellia, Miers. 40 DR. J. G6. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 30. Myomentere Granutosa, A. W-Hdw. (PI. II. fig. ile) Menippe granulosa, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Descriptions de quelques espéces nouvelles de Crustacés Brachyures, Ann. Soc. Entomol. de France, vii. 1867, p. 275. Myomenippe duplicidens, Hilgendorf, Monatsb. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Nov. 1878, p. 796 (footnote). Four fine specimens were collected in the Mergui Archipelago, viz. an adult male and three younger males. One of the latter was sent by me successively to Dr. Hil- gendorf, of Berlin University, and to Prot. A. Milne-Edwards, in order to attain accuracy in naming these specimens. Dr. Hilgendorf informed me that it belonged to his Myomenippe duplicidens, whereas Prof. Milne-Edwards stated that it was a representative of his Menippe granulosa. The latter name has the priority, as it was established eleven years before the former. Dr. Hilgendorf moreover mentioned to me the charac- ters by which this species may be distinguished from Menippe Panope, Herbst, which is a true Menippe, and from Menippe Rumphii, Fabr., which is identical with denippe Belangeri, M.-Edw. As Myomenippe granulosa, A. M.-Edw. (=duplicidens, Milg.), is still insufficiently known, I will describe the largest specimen. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is rather convex, and the regions are very distinctly indicated, being separated from one another by rather deep interregional grooves. The elevated parts of the upper surface are covered with numerous very dis- tinct granules, and the postero-lateral regions of the cephalo- thorax are also granular. The front is divided into six teeth, of which the two, most prominent, median or first teeth are much broader than the two lateral of each side; the median teeth are truncate anteriorly, whereas the two lateral teeth are tuberculi- form, the third tooth being even a little smaller than the second. Immediately behind the second teeth, and on each side, a granu- lated, small, rounded tubercle is found. The front is separated from the orbits by a fissure, which is broader and deeper than the fissure between the second and third frontal teeth; behind the former fissure the terminal joint of the peduncle of the external antenne is visible—that is, perfectly excluded from the orbits. The internal angle of the granulated upper margin of the orbits is rather obtuse, extends less forward than the frontal teeth and CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 41 than the large rounded internal lobe of the infraorbital margin, which even extends a little more forward than the third frontal teeth, though less than the second. The external angle of the upper orbital margin is small and less prominent than the external angle of the under margin, from which it is separated by a small hiatus. The internal infraorbital lobe is united in this species with the obtuse internal angle of the upper margin, so that the orbits are perfectly closed internally, a character which even distinguishes the genus Myomenippe. This character is already present in the youngest specimen, which is only 22 millim. broad. According to Hilgendorf, the orbits of young spe- cimens of Myomenippe Fornasinii, 12 millim. broad, are also already closed internally, precisely as in the adult. The lateral margins of the cephalothorax are armed with four teeth, besides the small external orbital angle; these teeth are sepa- rated from one another by rather deep incisions, and their margins are minutely granulated. The first is triangular and acute, and its external margin is slightly emarginate. The second, the largest of all, is almost twice as long as the first, and its external margin is nearly straight. The third and fourth teeth are more acute than the two preceding; the third tooth is shorter than the second, but a little longer than the first, and it is directed straightly forwards, the external margins of both third teeth scarcely converging backwards. The fourth or last antero-lateral tooth is directed obliquely outwards and forwards. The chelipedes of the male are a little unequal, the right being the larger in all these specimens. The arms project scarcely beyond the lateral margins of the cephalothorax. The upper margin of the arms terminates quite at the distal end in a small acute spine, which may easily be overlooked. The wrist presents an acute, prominent, dentiform, internal angle slightly curved upwards; the upper surface of the wrist is granular anteriorly outwards and along the inner margin, the granules being less distinct on the middle of the upper surface ; in the younger specimens the whole upper surface is more or less granular. In the adult male the length of the larger hand measures nearly three fourths of the breadth of the cephalo- thorax ; the handis quite smooth on its outer and inner surfaces, and also on its under margin, but it is granular on and near the rounded upper margin, and some granules are also observed on 42 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS the outer surface close to the articulation with the wrist. The mobile finger is granular at the base of its upper margin; its inner margin is armed with five or six teeth, the two basal being a little larger than the others. The immobile finger is armed with a large tooth, that occupies the basal half of the inner margin, and with two much smaller teeth. In the smaller (left) hand the outer surface of the palm is a little more granu- lated than that of the right, the outer surface being also granular towards the base of the immobile finger and even a little to- wards the under margin; the mobile finger is armed much in the same manner as in the other hand, but the immobile finger presents six teeth, of which the fourth is much larger than the others, though not so large as the large tooth of the index of the right hand ; the first, second, and sixth teeth are very small. In the younger individuals the hands are more granulate than in the adult. In a broad specimen, 39 millim., the whole outer surface of the smaller hand is still granular, and the outer surface of the larger hand isalso nearly wholly granular. In the smallest specimen, which is only 22 millim. broad, the hands are every- where granular on their whole outer surface. As regards the ambulatory legs, which are hairy, especially on the last two joints, I will only remark that the first two pairs have nearly the same length, that the third pair is somewhat shorter, and that the legs of the last pair are the shortest of all. Dimensions of the adult specimen and of a younger one :— millim. millim. Length of the cephalothorax .......... 50 28 Breadth of the cephalothorax (distance between the third or penultimate lateral (HSYS1H 0) Pee AI BE ee ic een ASE a ea a a 39 Distance between the external orbitalangles 33 203 Length of the larger hand ............ 54 28 Myomenippe granulosa, A. M.-EKdw., has hitherto been recorded from the coast of Batavia (Aliine- Hdwards) and from the seas of Celebes (Hilgendorf'); this species therefore inhabits the Ma- layan archipelago and the neighbouring seas. As regards Menippe granulosa, Strahl (Archiv f. Naturg. xxvii. p- 105, 1861), Prof. v. Martens has shown that this species is identical with Menippe Panope, Herbst, after an examination of both the typical specimens. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 43 Tam indebted to Dr. Hilgendorf for the following information regarding Cancer Panope, Herbst, which really belongs to the genus Menippe, the orbits not being closed internally. The typical specimen of Herbst’s Cancer Panope is 193 millim. broad and 143 millim. long. In this species the granules, which are found on the middle of the outer surface of the hands, are larger than those of the upper and under margins of the palm, as they have a diameter of 3 millim., whereas in Myomenippe granulosa, A. M.-Edw., the largest granules are found on the upper margin. In Menippe Panope the front is not divided into six teeth, and the postero-lateral regions of the cephalothorax are nearly quite smooth behind the last antero-lateral tooth, whereas they are dis- tinetly granular in Wyomenippe granulosa, A. M.-Edw. The lobes on the upper surface of the carapace are less distinct in Menippe Panope, being even less developed than in Herbst’s figure. The course or direction of the last antero-lateral tooth and the form of the posterior margin of the cephalothorax are also some- what different in both species. Genus Eurycarcinus, Alph. M.-Edw. There can be little doubt that the small crustacean described by Alph. Milne-Edwards as a second representative of his genus Pilumnopeus must be referred to Hurycarcinus. Pilwmnopeus maculatus, indeed, perfectly agrees, in its outer appearance and in its essential characters, with the true representatives of Hury- carcinus, viz. H. natalensis, Krauss, H. Grandidieri, A. M.-Edw., HL. orientalis, A. M.-EKdw., and EL. integrifrons, d. M.*, so that there is no reason to refer it to a distinct genus. The small group of Crustaceans which bears the name of Hu- rycarcinus 18, i My opinion, a very natural one. It belongs to those forms the palate of which is more or less distinctly divided by a ridge defining the margin of the efferent canal, such as Ozius, Epixanthus, Heteropanope, and Pilumnus; but it is dis- tinguished by its outer physiognomy—the enlarged cephalo- thorax, which is very convex longitudinally, the transverse orbits, * J will here remark that Hurzcarcinus integrifrons, which I described some years ago (Notes from the Leyden Museum, i. p. 55), may perhaps prove to be identical with Hurycarcinus orientalis, very shortly described by A. Milne- Edwards from specimens obtained at Bombay (Annal. Soc. Entom. France, 1867, p. 277). 44 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS the little prominent antero-lateral teeth, the seven-jointed abdomen of the male, Ge. 31. Eurycarcinus macutatus, A. U.-Hdw. (Pl. II. figs. 4 & b.) Pilumnopeus maculatus, A. Milne-Edwards, Descriptions de quelques especes nouv. de Crustacés Brachyures, Annal. Soc. Entom. France, vii. 1867, p. 277; and Crustacés de Zanzibar et de Madagascar, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat.t. iv. p. 82, pl. xix. figs. 17-19. A single male specimen was collected at Elphinstone Island. The cephalothorax of this little species is 8 millim. long and 124 millim. broad, very convex longitudinally and transversely ; the upper surface is glabrous, smooth, though minutely punctate on the cardiac region and the surrounding parts of the middle of the carapace, and minutely granular on the frontal and antero- lateral regions. These minute points and granules, however, are only visible with a magnifying-glass, so that the upper surface appears smooth and shining to the unaided eye. Some inter- regional grooves are very faintly indicated, while the others are entirely absent: thus a faint longitudinal median groove is observed on the anterior part of the carapace which separates the two scarcely distinct epigastric lobes; the transverse groove between the gastric and cardiac regions is also feeble, whilst a curved minutely granular line occurs on each side of the carapace, proceeding from the last antero-lateral tooth obliquely forward, as indicated in the figure in the ‘ Archives.’ The front is not at all prominent but a little deflexed, and its straight anterior margin presents only a small narrow median incision and avery small, scarcely distinct sinus on each side near the lateral angles (internal orbital angles). The upper margin of the orbits is unarmed and presents no fissures; but the under margin presents a triangular hiatus near the external orbital angle, and is armed in the middle with a series of four or five small conical granules, between which some smaller ones oceur ; the under orbital margin also appears to be a little hairy The antero-lateral margins of the carapace are much shorter than the straight postero-lateral ones; they are armed with four teeth, including the external orbital angles. The first tooth, the outer angle of the orbits, is broadly truncate ; the second isa little narrower, but likewise rather obtuse; while the third and the fourth teeth are acute and directed obliquely forward. (In CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 45 Eurycarcinus natalensis, Krauss, and E. Grandidieri, A. M.- Edw., the second lateral tooth is the largest of all, andin Z. inte- grifrons, d. M., the two anterior antero-lateral teeth are of equal size.) The subhepatic region is minutely granular and hairy. The endostome is faintly ridged on each side. The sternum of the male is minutely punctate when seen under a magnifying-glass, and the postabdomen is seven-jointed. The chelipedes are very unequal in size, and in this specimen the right is the largest. As in the case of the ambulatory legs, they seem to agree in all respects with those of the Zanzibar specimens described by Mime-Edwards. The ambulatory legs are provided along their upper and under margins with some hairs, few in number on the meropodites, but more numerous and dense on the two terminal joints, which moreover bear a close down; and finally the carpopodites of the chelipedes are armed with a small rather acute tubercle at their internal angle. As in specimens from Zanzibar, the outer surface of the hands is marked with numerous small red spots. This very rare species has hitherto been known oniy from the shores of Zanzibar. Genus Oztius, H. I.-EHdw. 32. Ozius tTuBERCULOSUS, H. I.-Hdw. Ozius tuberculosus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 405. Ozius tuberculosus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 238, pl. xi. fig. 2; Heller, Crustaceen der Novara- Reise, p. 23. One fine female specimen was collected at Sullivan Island. It has the cephalothorax 57 millim. broad and 41 millim. long. Ozius tuberculosus had been previously recorded from the Mauritius, the Nicobar Islands, and New Caledonia. Genus Errxantuus, Heller. Although scarcely generically distinct from Ozius, the genus Epixanthus may be retained for those species the cephalothorax of which is more enlarged, more depressed and flattened, and in which the fingers of the smaller chelipede are very slender and in contact with one another over their whole length. The genus is represented in the Indo-Pacific region as well as on the shores of West Africa. Theformer region is inhabited by Epizanthus frontalis, M.-Edw., E.dentatus, White, and E. cor- 46 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS rosus, A. M.-Edw.; and the latter by Epiranthus Hellerii, a species described also by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards. I may point out that in H#. dentatus the inferior margin of the orbits presents a distinct hiatus near the external orbital angle, whereas in LE. frontalis scarcely a trace of it is found. 33. Eprxantruus Frontalis, H. M-Hdw. Ozius frontalis, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. i. p. 406. Epixanthus frontalis, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara- Reise, p.2U; Alph. Milne-Edwards, l. c. p. 241. Nine specimens are in the collection, five (1d, 49) from King Island, three from Sullivan Island, and one from Elphin- stone Bay. In all the right hand is the largest. _ Epixanthus frontalis has been observed in the Red Sea (Koss- mann), in the Persian Gulf, Karak Island (Heller), at Zanzibar (Milgendorf), the coast of Tranquebar (JLi/ne-Hdwards), the Nicobar Islands (Heller), the China seas, Japan (Stimpson), and New Caledonia (A. Milne-Edwards); it would therefore appear to be distributed throughout the whole Indo-Pacific Ocean. 34, EPIXaANTHUS DENTATUS, White. Panopeus dentatus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 226; Adams and White, Zoology H.M.S..‘ Samarang,’ Crustacea, p. 41, pl. xi. fig. 1. Epixanthus dilatatus, de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. 1. . 58. : Panopzus acutidens, Haswell, A Catalogue of the Australian Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crustacea, p. 51, pl. 1. fig. 2. Epixanthus dentatus, Miers, On Malaysian Crustacea, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880, 5th ser. vol. v. p. 233. Four specimens were collected at Elphinstone Island. There can be little doubt that Haswell’s P. acutidens is identical with the species described by White. Epizxanthus dentatus has been collected on the coast of Java, at the Philippine Islands, and on the coast of Australia (Port Darwin). Genus Actumnus, Dana. This genus is described as having the fingers of the chelipedes spoon-shaped. In the species represented in this Collection the fingers have pointed tips—a fact already pointed out by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards in the case of one of them (Nouy. Arch. t. ix. p. 194). CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 47 35. ACTUMNUS SETIFER, de Haan. Cancer (Pilumuus) setifer, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 50, pl. i. fig. 3. Actumnus tomentosus, Dana, I. c. t.1. p. 243, pl. xiv. fig. 2. Actumnus setifer, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. i. p. 287, pl. xviii. fig. 5. Actumnus tomentosus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, 1. c. p. 285, and Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 194. Actumnus setifer, Miers, Report on the Zoological Collections made during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Alert,’ Crustacea, pp. 225 & 226. A small male specimen, which I refer to this species, was col- lected in the Mergui Archipelago. The antero-lateral margins are armed with three small spini- form teeth behind the scarcely prominent, though acute external orbital angle, and some small acute granules occur between these spiniform teeth. The lobes of the upper surface of the cephalothorax are very distinct and covered with small acute granules anteriorly and on the antero-lateral regions, those of the hepatic region being the largest and most prominent. The specimen has lost one chelipede. In the preserved chelipede, the outer and upper surface of the hand is covered with many acute granules, which even occur at the base of the index; the mobile finger is covered with some acute granules at its base. The fingers appear to be smooth and their tips are pointed; the index is provided with a small tuft of hair on its outer and on its inner surfaces, near the dentiferous margin. The outer surface of the hand is rather convex, whilst the inner surface is nearly plain and almost perfectly smooth, which is also characteristic of the inner surface of the fingers. Actumnus setifer has been recorded from Japan, Tahiti, and New Caledonia. 36. ACTUMNUS ELEGANS, 0. sp. Of this new species, seven specimens (5 d , 2 2 ) were collected at Sullivan Island. It is most closely allied to Actumnus obesus, Dana, from the Sandwich Islands, which evidently represents this form in the Mergui Archipelago. It may be distinguished at first sight from A. obesus by the antero-lateral margins being armed with six acute spinuliform granules, behind the acute granuliform external angle of the orbits, arranged in three groups, two together. 48 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS The cephalothorax has precisely the same form as that of Actumaus obesus, and is uniformly covered on its upper surface with short yellow hairs. The regions are quite indistinct, no trace of divisional lines being found; the upper surface is not uniformly covered with granules as in A. obesus, but only a few acute granules (15-20) are found on the antero-lateral regions, which resemble the six granules with which the antero-lateral margins are armed, but are much smaller. The front, the gastric, cardiac, and intestinal regions are not covered with granules. The frontal margin is divided by a small median incision in two almost straight lobes, and passes laterally continuously into the upper orbital margin, not being separated by a cleft trom the internal orbital angles. The frontal or inner part of the upper margin of the orbits makes nearly right angles both with the frontal and the external, somewhat granular portion of the upper orbital margin. The external angle of the orbits is formed by a small, acute, spinuliform granule. The antero- lateral margins are about as long as the postero-lateral, which are smooth and concave; they are armed with six small, acute, spinuliform granules, which are arranged in three groups, two in each. The inferior margin of the orbits is minutely granular, and presents a small triangular hiatus close to the external orbital angle. The pterygostomian regions are glabrous and nearly quite smooth, presenting only some minute granules near the inferior margin of the orbits. he outer surface of the maxillipeds, the sternum, and the lateral margins of the abdo- men are clothed with yellow hairs. The chelipedes are of unequal size, the right chelipede being the larger in all our specimens. The anterior margin of the arm, which is very short, the antero-internal margin of the wrist, and the upper margin of the hand and of the mobile finger are clothed with a row of long yellow hairs. The upper surface of the wrist and the outer surface of the larger hand are covered with similar yellow hairs, disposed between the granules with which they are provided. The larger hand wholly resembles that of A. obesus, its outer surface being covered everywhere with acute granules, disposed irregularly, those of the middle of the outer surface being a little larger than those of the upper; the under margin presents a longitudinal line of granules on the inner side, and is clothed with a row of long yellow hairs. The CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 49 mobile finger is somewhat hairy and granular at the base, though much less than in A. obesus, the granules not extending beyond the proximal half of the finger. The outer surface of the fingers, the tips of which are pointed, is smooth. The inner surface of the hand is smooth, being only a little punctate at the base of the mobile finger. The smaller chelipede presents the same characters as the other. The ambulatory legs are precisely similar to those of A. obesus, being clothed with rather long yellow hairs, but they are some- what granular; the upper margin of the meropodites is minutely granular, and somewhat larger acute granules are observed on the upper surface of the carpopodites and propodites. The cephalothorax of the largest specimen, a female, is 52 millim. broad; and the species probably attains a larger size. 37. Acrumnus nupus, A. M-Edw. (Pl. Il. figs. 2 & 3.) Actumnus nudus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Descript. de quelques especes nouvelles de Crustacés Brachyures, Annal. Soc. Entom. de France, 4° sér, t. vil. 1867, p. 265. A single female specimen was collected in the Mergui seas. Prof. Milne-Edwards kindly identified it for me, and as his determination is doubtless correct, I now add a full description of the species. The specimen is nearly twice as large as that described by Milne-Edwards. The cephalothorax is rather narrow, the pro- portion of the breadth to the length being as 4 to 3. The upper surface is very convex longitudinally, and also somewhat declivous towards the lateral margins. Interregional grooves are almost wholly wanting: I only observe a faintly indicated, shallow, cervical suture, separating the gastric region from the hepatic and branchial regions, and the usual shallow, median, frontal furrow, bifurcated behind, which separates the slightly prominent epigastric lobes from one another. The front, the epigastric lobes, the gastric region, and especially the antero- lateral regions are covered with pearl-shaped granules ; on each side of the gastric region, ten or twelve of these granules are arranged in an arcuate line, with the convexity directed forward, which separates the antero-lateral region trom the postero- lateral. ach antero-lateral region (hepatic and epibranchial) is LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 4 50 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS covered with 30-35 perliform granules; the granules of the gastric region are not so numerous and a little less prominent, and a few small granules are observed immediately behind and close to the arcuate line of granules which I have described above. When the upper surface is examined with a sufficiently strong magni- fying-glass it appears covered everywhere, anteriorly as well as posteriorly, with innumerable microscopic granules. A few short hairs are also sparsely distributed over the anterior half of the cephalothorax. The front, which is strongly deflected, measures about a third of the breadth of the cephalothorax. It is much advanced and divided by a small median, triangular incision into two rounded oblique lobes, the anterior margins of which are somewhat crenulate or uneven, and nearly continuous with the upper orbital margins, being separated from the internal angles of the orbits by a small and scarcely distinct cleft. The upper margin of the orbits is entire and covered with minute pearl-shaped granules, and the external angle of the orbits is very little prominent. The entire inferior margin of the orbits pre- sents, close to the external angle, and separated from it by a narrow fissure or hiatus, a dentiform lobe which projects a little more forward than the external angle of the orbit itself. The internal lobe of the inferior orbital margin is dentiform and obtuse. The internal orbital hiatusis occupied by the peduncle of the external antenne, the penultimate joint of which nearly reaches the front. The antero-latera] margins of the upper surface of the cephalo- thorax are scarcely longer than the postero-lateral, and are divided into five, little prominent, broad (=long) dentiform lobes, in- cluding the scarcely prominent external orbital angle. The third or middle lobe is the broadest (or longest) of. all, the second and the fourth are a little broader (or longer) than the first (external angle of the orbits), the fourth being rather acute, and the last antero-lateral tooth is dentiform and also rather acute. The two last antero-lateral teeth are slightly carinate above, the carinz being minutely granular; the granular carina of the fifth tooth is directed backward and slightly inward, and terminates at the postero-external end of the curved line of granules, which de- fines the antero-lateral from the postero-lateral regions, as ig described above. The inflected sides of the carapace, as the pterygostomian, subhepatic, and subbranchial regions, are nearly quite smooth; the CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 51 under surface of the internal lobe of the inferior orbital margin is, however, somewhat granular, and the posterior end of the subhepatic region, which is situated below the two last antero- lateral teeth, is also slightly granular. The anterior part of the subhepatic regions and the pterygostomian regions are glabrous, but the posterior half of the inflected sides of the cephalothorax are a little hairy. The endostome is distinctly longitudinally ridged on each side. The specimen has unfortunately lost its larger chelipede, so that I can only describe the smaller one, the left. The arm is almost wholly covered by the cephalothorax, and its outer surface is smooth, the upper margin being a little hairy. The convex upper surface of the wrist is covered with some pearl- shaped granules, which are similar to those of the anterior part of the upper surface of the carapace. The distal end of the internal margin of the wrist is somewhat dentiform, and the internal surface of this joint is smooth. The outer surface of the palm, as well as its upper and under margin, is covered with numerous, small, scarcely acute granules which are arranged irregularly, but the convex inner surface of the palm is smooth. The brownish-coloured fingers are a little shorter than the palm. They have pointed, crossing tips. The inner edges meet along their whole length; the inner edge of the immobile finger is distinctly crenulate, but the same edge of the mobile finger appears entire and is only very minutely crenulate. The outer surface of the immobile finger is longi- tudinally grooved and slightly granular; the mobile finger is also longitudinally sulcate on its upper margin and outer surface, and covered with granules between the grooves, the granules decreasing gradually in size towards the pointed tip. The ambulatory legs are short, and, when compared with those of other species of this genus, tolerably slender. Their outer surface is smooth, but the upper margin of the joints, especially of the carpopodites and propodites,is minutely granular, and all the joints are slightly hairy along their upper and under margins. The dactylopodites are scarcely longer than the pro- podites, and terminate in rather long, acute, scarcely arcuate, corneous tips. 4,® 52 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Dimensions of the specimen under notice :— millim. Breadth of the cephalothorax (distance between the fourth or penultimate antero-lateral teeth) 112 Length of the cephalothorax ................ 82 Breadth of Ghe tront)-. 400 een Ree oe 4 Actumnus nudus was discovered in 1867 at Pondicherry, but has not been recorded since, so far as I am aware. Milne-Edwards’s specimen had evidently lost the hairs with which the legs had been sparsely clothed. Genus Herrropanorn, Stimpson. The name Heteropanope, established by Stimpson in 1858, being of older date than the name Pilwmnopeus of A. Milne- Edwards, I propose to include under the former a small number of Crustaceans from the Indo-Pacific region, which were de- scribed by Stimpson as representatives of Heteropanope, together with a few species described by A. Milne-Edwards, Miers, and Haswell under the name of Pilumnopeus. I may, however, remark that Stimpson also referred to his genus Heteropanope those species which are regarded as representatives of the genus Lpixanthus. As regards the genus Pzlwmnopeus, two species have been described by the French carcinologist under that name, one of which, Pilwmnopeus maculatus, is a true Ewurycarcinus; whereas the second, named Pilumnopeus cras- simanus, is probably identical with Ozius serratifrons, Kinahan, and also perhaps with Stimpson’s —Heteropanope australiensis (Miers, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ Crustacea, p- 228). Jam the more inclined to retain the genus Hetero- panope, because, when the genus Pilwmnus is submitted to a thorough revision, it may be useful to refer to the former some species which still bear the name of Pzlumnus. The glabrous or scarcely hairy cephalothorax of most species of Heteropanope is little convex (except that of A. serratifrons) and but little enlarged ; the lateral margins are armed with four or five more or less prominent teeth, which are never spiniform, and the front is more or less prominent. The external antenne resemble those of Pilumnus, the basal joint being small and not nearly reaching the front. The endostome is longitudinally ridged. The inferior margin of the orbits, which are transverse, CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 53 presents a small hiatus close to the external orbital angle. The abdomen of the male is seven-jointed, and the legs resemble those of Pilumnus. The genus Hpixanthus is distinguished from Heteropanope by its different physiognomy—the cephalothorax is more enlarged, the orbits are circular, the hands, and especially the fingers, are more slender, and the basal joint of the external antennez, which is united with the front, is large. As regards the genera EHurycarcinus and Pilumnus, in the latter of which I propose to include those species the carapace of which is more or less hairy and armed with spiniform antero- lateral teeth, it is unnecessary to say that they are generically searcely distinct from Heteropanope, but that at the same time they are sufficiently characterized by their whole outer physio- egnomy. T include in the genus Heteropanope the following species :— H. serratifrons, Kinahan; H. glabra, Stimps.; H. australiensis, Stimps.; H. eucratoides, Stimps.; H. crassimana, A. M.-Kdw. ; Hf. granulosa, Miers; and H. indica, n. sp.,—vbserving, however, that H. australiensis and H. crassimana are probably identical with H. serratifrons. 38. HerpropanopE inpica, n. sp. (PI. III. figs. 1 & 2.) Two specimens, a male and a female, were collected in the Mergui Archipelago. The cephalothorax of this pretty small Crustacean is broader than long; the distance between the third antero-lateral teeth, where the cephalothorax is broadest, being in proportion to the length as 15 to 103. The upper surface is rather depressed, though somewhat declivous towards the front and the lateral margins; it is covered with a few, sparsely distributed, minute hairs, which are, however, scarcely visible to the naked eye. The regions of the upper surface are faintly marked by shallow inter-regional grooves. The upper surface is smooth poste- riorly; on the anterior half it is marked with some transverse, minutely granulated, pubescent, elevated lines, five on each side. Two small elevated lines are found on the epigastric lobes, sepa- rated from one another by the faint mesial frontal furrow. Two other transverse ridges occur on each protogastric lobe, placed in the same transverse line near one another, the external of which 54 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS is only half as broad as the internal ridge. Lastly, two parallel, slightly oblique, elevated lines are seen near the third and the fourth antero-lateral teeth, the posterior of which is twice as broad as the anterior. Although I have described the upper surface as being smooth, I may, however, remark that it is minutely granular near the postero-lateral margins, which are but little longer than the antero-lateral. The distance between the third antero-lateral teeth is three times as great as the distance between the internal orbital angles. The front is somewhat declivous, and consists of two slightly oblique lobes, which are separated from one another by a small triangular incision; these lobes are rather prominent in the middle, and their minutely granular anterior margin is broadly emarginate towards the external angle, so as to consti- tute a small tooth at the external angle of each lobe. Each frontal lobe is marked above with a slightly arcuate, transverse, granular line, and is covered with some granules between this line and the anterior margin. The frontal lobes, which therefore somewhat resemble those of some species of Leptodius, are sepa- rated by a small notch from the little prominent, internal orbital angles. The orbits are transverse, being a little broader than long. The granular upper margin of the orbits is marked with two fissures on the external half; the granulated or minutely denticulated under margin presents a strong, rather obtuse, tooth at the internal angle, which is a little more prominent than the internal angle of the upper margin, projecting nearly as much forward as the small external teeth of the frontal lobes. The infraorbital margin is marked with a small trian- gular hiatus close to the little prominent external angle of the orbits. The antero-lateral margins are armed with four prominent teeth, including the external orbital angle. The first tooth is rather broad, and its external margin is slightly emarginate; the second tooth much resembles the first, but it is a little narrower and more triangular; the third tooth is the most prominent of all, being triangular, rather acute, and directed obliquely forward ; the fourth tooth resembles the third, but is much smaller and much less prominent. The last two teeth are somewhat carinate and granular above, and the external margins of all the antero-lateral teeth are granular. The inflected sides of the cephalothorax are somewhat granular and hairy, but the pterygostomian regions do not present a CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 55 tubercular eminence, as in H. serratifrons, or a small tooth, as in HZ. australiensis. The basal joint of the external antenne is short and small, and does not nearly reach the front; the other joints occupy the internal orbita] hiatus, and the flagellum is rather short, measuring only a fourth of the distance between the third antero-lateral teeth. The endostome is distinctly longi- tudinally ridged on each side. The epistome is nearly smooth. The male abdomen is seven-jointed, the joints being all distinctly separated from one another ; it closely resembles that of some Pilumni, and the penultimate joint is nearly quadrate, being scarcely broader than long. The sternum and the abdomen are smooth, though somewhat pubescent, and the lateral margins of the female abdomen are fringed with rather long hairs. The chelipedes are very unequal, the right being the largest in both specimens; although the larger chelipede of the female Specimen is wanting, I suppose that the anterior legs pre- sent the same size both in the male and in the female. The arms are short, scarcely projecting laterally beyond the lateral margins of the cephalothorax; they are armed near the distal end of the upper margin with a strong, acute, somewhat curved tooth. The under margin is entire, but the anterior margin is somewhat granular and hairy. ‘The external (or posterior) sur- face of the arm is minutely granular near the upper margin, but otherwise the arms appear smooth. The wrist is armed with a small, scarcely acute tooth at the distal and internal angle; its upper surface appears smooth to the naked eye, but, when seen under a lens, some small granules are observed near the internal and external margins, especially on the wrist of the smaller chelipede. The larger hand is very large, its length (the fingers included) being but little shorter than the breadth of the cephalothorax, 7. e. the distance between the third antero-lateral teeth. The fingers are nearly half as long as the palm, which is but little longer than broad (high). The outer surface of the palm is rather convex and quite smooth, and the obtuse upper and under margins, like the inner surface, are also per- fectly smooth. The fingers have pointed tips, which cross one another; they are nearly smooth, the immobile finger pre- senting only a trace of a longitudinal impressed line on its outer and inner surfaces, and the mobile finger being slightly granular above at the articulation. The latter presents a some- what larger tooth at its base, and the other finger is armed with 56 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS two or three teeth along its inner margin. Whereas the larger hand is quite smooth and glabrous, the upper and under margins and the outer surface of the palm of the much smaller left hand are covered with distinct granules and with sparsely distributed hairs. In the smaller hand the fingers also are comparatively longer than in the larger hand, being but little shorter than the palm; they are distinctly longitudinally suleate, but are only indistinctly denticulate. The mobile finger is somewhat granular and hairy above near the articulation with the palm. Regarding the ambulatory legs, I may remark that the three anterior pairs have nearly the same length, but that the last pair are distinctly shorter. They are somewhat hairy, especially the last three joints. The dactylopodites are almost as long as the propodites, and terminate in small horny tips. Dimensions of the male specimen :— millim ieneth) of the ¢ephalothorax (coe ern 103 Breadth of the cephalothorax (distance between the third antero-lateral teeth) .............:.... 15 Distance between the internal orbital angles .... 5 Length of the larger hand (fingers included) .... 14 Hengt hat ible gnalimiey cree ea leek ier cori ieee 9 Height of the palm near the articulation with the HNOETS an is nk Ae tan ci aa ike SONS aceon eae w 39. HETEROPANOPE EUCRATOIDES, Stimps. (Pl. III. figs. 3 & A.) Heteropanope eucratoides, Stimpson, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences Philadelphia, 1858, p. 33. A single male specimen of this rare species was found at Elphinstone Island. This species is closely allied to the preceding, but it presents a different external appearance, on account of the antero-lateral margins being comparatively much shorter in proportion to the postero-lateral, and because the third antero-lateral tooth is not the largest but the smallest of all, so that the cephalothorax is broadest at the fourth antero-lateral teeth. As in Heteropanope indica, the upper surface of the cephalo- thorax is rather depressed and scarcely convex, being only some- what declivous towards the anterior and lateral margins. The cephalothorax, however, is a little less enlarged, the proportion CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 57 of its breadth (7. e. the distance between the fourth antero-lateral teeth) to the length being as 124 to 9. As regards the structure of the upper surface of the cephalothorax, this species nearly completely agrees with H. indica, the anterior half presenting the same minutely granulated transverse elevated lines, in the same number, and arranged in the same manner; the inter-regional grooves, however, are a little more distinct, and the metabranchial regions, which are situated on each side of the cardiac region, are minutely granular. In the form of the front and in their orbits, both species closely resemble each other, so that one description suffices for both; but the anterior margin of the frontal lobes in this species is widely and more faintly emarginate, so that the external angles are much less prominent and not dentiform as in H. indica. The antero-iateral margins are comparatively much shorter than those of H. indica, so that a transverse line, uniting the fourth antero-lateral teeth divides the upper surface into two portions of very different length, the length of the anterior portion being in proportion to that of the posterior as 1 to 2. The antero-lateral margins are divided into four prominent teeth, including the external orbital angles. The first or anterior tooth is rather small, and much resembles the first antero-lateral tooth of H. cndica, the external margin being shghtly emarginate. The second tooth is a little broader than the first, more prominent and rather obtuse; the third is the smallest of all, triangular, and much less prominent than the second and the fourth. The last tooth is conical and prominent, granulated above and moderately acute. The margins of the teeth are almost smooth. The inflected sides of the cephalo- thorax are nearly smooth, and only a little granular near the antero-lateral teeth ; they do not present the tubercular eminence or tooth which is so characteristic of H. serratifrons and H. aus- traliensis. The outer antenne, the smooth epistome, and the anterior margin of the buccal cavity fully agree with H. indica. As in the latter, the endostome is distinctly ridged on each side. The external maxillipeds closely resemble those of H. indica; Stimpson’s words, “ Hectognathopoda sat hiantia,” are therefore inexplicable to me, seeing that the external maxillipeds of the species of Heteropanope perfectly resemble those of Pilwmnus. The male abdomen is similar to that of H. indica, but the terminal joint is comparatively a little longer. The sternum and abdomen 58 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS are minutely pubescent posteriorly. Unfortunately the speci- men has lost its smaller chelipede. The chelipede which is present perfectly resembles the larger chelipede of H. indica, so that I again refer to my description of that species. I will only add that the chelipede is quite smooth everywhere on all the joints, and that the denticulate upper margin of the arm is furnished near its distal end with a strong tooth, which is, however, a little less acute than in the preceding species. The ambulatory legs are also wanting, except those of the two anterior pairs of the right side; these agree with those of H. indica, but the dactylopodites are a little more elongate, being distinctly longer than the propodites. Dimensions. millim Wengthior the cepmalothondss: ey. 01s eeee 9 Breadth of the cephalothorax (distance between the fourth antero-lateral teeth)........ Men SN 3 124 Distance between the internal orbital angles .... 43 Length of the hand (the fingers included) ...... 10 Height of the hand at the base of the fingers .... 52 The specimen under description, as in fact the whole collection, is preserved in alcohol. This species is, like H. indica, of a dark olive-green colour. The diagnosis given by Stimpson very well agrees with my description, except that the three posterior antero-lateral teeth are described as being acute, whereas in this specimen the second is rather obtuse. Stimpson discovered this species at Hongkong. Genus Prnumnus, Leach. 40. PILUMNUS VESPERTILIO, Fabr. Cancer vespertilio, Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. 1798, p. 338. Pilumnus vespertilio, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 418, and Régne Animal de Cuvier, pl. xiv. fig. 3. Pilumnus vespertilio, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 242; Hilgendorf, Monatsber. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Nov. 1878, p. 793 ; Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880, 5th ser. vol. v. p- 234; Haswell, Catalogue &c. p. 65. Hight specimens were collected at Elphinstone Island, five males and three females. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 59 These specimens agree very well with the description and figure given by Milne-Edwards, but I may add the following details. In all the eight specimens the upper margin of the orbits is more or less granular, and presents two fissures, so that this species belongs to the subgenus Hupilwmnus, established by Kossman (Mr. Miers, J. c., erroneously mentioned the subgenus sensu stricto Pilumnus). Inall the under margin of the larger hand is covered with rounded granules, except in the two largest males, in which the granulation of the under surface of the larger hand gradually begins to disappear. According to Dr. Hilgendorf (JZ. c.), in the true P. vespertilio the under surface of the larger hand is some- what granular in the male but everywhere granular in the female, so that there can be no doubt that these specimens are really representatives of this species. Pilumnus ursulus, Ad. & White, and Pilumnus mus, Dana, are identical with this species, according to Mr. Miers. Pilumnus vespertilio is a very common species, distributed throughout the whole Indo-Pacific region, having been observed in the Red Sea (Kossmann), at Mozambique (Hilgendorf), Java (Miers), Sydney (Hess), and on the coral-reefs of Australia (Haswell), at New Caledonia, the Loo-Choo Islands, and Japan (Stimpson). 41. Prnumnus ANDERSONI, n. sp. (PI. III. figs. 5 & 6.) Four specimens (16, 3 2) of this new species were collected by Prof. Anderson in the Mergui Archipelago, two of which were found at Elphinstone Island and two at King Island. One of the female specimens is provided with eggs and another is infested in its cephalothorax with a Bopyrus. Courage, indeed, 18 necessary to describe a new species of this genus, for the very numerous species of Pzlwmnus, which often closely resemble one another, are rather insufficiently known. I therefore sent a specimen to Prof. Milne-Edwards, who informed me that this species was unknown to him, although closely allied to Pilumnus Peronii, M.-Edw., as I also supposed. As regards the species which have been described by Stimpson, Hilgendorf, Miers, and Has- well, | may remark that P. Andersonz is allied to P. hirsutus, Stimps., P. longicornis, Hilg., P. Bleekeri, Miers, P. terre- reging, Hasw., and P. vestitus,,Hasw., but is nevertheless a distinct species in my opinion. 60 DR. J. G6. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS The following is the description of the largest specimen, a female, found at Elphinstone Island. In its outer appearance P. Andersont somewhat resembles the common Indian P. vespertilio, Fabr., but it is of smaller size and much less hairy. The cephalothorax is about once anda halt as broad as long, the proportion of the breadth to the length being as 25 to 18. The upper surface is tolerably convex longitudinally, and much less convex transversely ; it is much declivous anteriorly towards the front, and also somewhat towards the lateral margins. The regions are faintly and only partly indicated, the inter-regional grooves, so far as they are present, being rather shallow. The two small, rounded, epigastric lobes, which are separated as usual from one another by the median frontal furrow, are a little prominent; the frontal furrow is bi- furcated immediately behind them, and the two parallel grooves into which it is divided, which border the mesogastric area, diverge backwards and terminate in the gastrobranchial grooves. The latter are very shallow though yet distinct; their ex- ternal transverse portions, separating the hepatic and epibran- chial regions from one another, are a little deeper than the median portion, and the upper orbital margins are surrounded by a shallow groove which separates these margins from the hepatic and protogastric regions. Behind the cervical suture no other divisional lines are visible. The upper surface of the cepha- lothorax is covered with some very small granules anteriorly and on the postero-lateral margins: the front, the epigastric lobes, the protogastric regions, and the mesogastric area are covered with minute granules, whereas the granules of the slightly prominent hepatic region and of the anterior margin of the epibranchial region are a little larger. The granules are nevertheless scarcely visible to the naked eye. AsI have already observed, some small granules are also found on the postero-lateral margins, but the rest of the upper surface is not granular behind the cervical suture. The upper surface is everywhere minutely punctate and covered with a short down, which conceals the minute granu- lation of the anterior half. The front measures a third of the breadth of the cephalo- thorax, and is considerably deflexed and slightly prominent; as in P. vespertilio, it is divided by a triangular median incision into two broad, rather truncate, and slightly oblique lobes, with minutely granulated anterior margins, external to which a small CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUL ARCHIPELAGO. 61 acute tooth is present on each side, which is separated from the median lobes and from the obtuse, slightly granular, internal orbital angles on each side by a small cleft. The orbits have the usual size and form; the upper orbital margin presents two fissures by which it is divided into three portions, the two external of which are covered with a few granules,’ whereas the much larger internal portion is almost smooth. The external orbital angle is little prominent, and not spiniform; it is separated by a small hiatus from the inferior orbital angle, which is denticulate, being armed with six or seven acute teeth besides the also denticulate internal lobe, which projects as much forward as the external frontal teeth. The antero-lateral margins are shorter than the postero-lateral; they are armed, behind the little prominent external orbital angle, with three acute, dark- pointed, spiniform teeth. The external margin of the first antero- lateral tooth, 2. ¢. the outer orbital angle, is minutely denticulate, and the external margin of the second antero-lateral tooth, which is spiniform, is also somewhat granular at its base. The external margins of the two posterior antero-lateral teeth are quite smooth. A subhepatic spine which occurs in so many species of this genus is wanting in P. Andersont, its place being occupied by a small, somewhat prominent, acute granule. The postero-lateral margins are straight and very slightly concave. The posterior margin of the carapace is bordered by an impressed line, running close to and parallel with it. The external antenne are long, measuring twice the distance of the internal and external angles of the orbits, and they reach almost to the penultimate antero-lateral spine. When the cephalothorax is viewed from above, the an- tennal peduncle is visible in the cleft or hiatus that separates the internal orbital angles from the external frontal teeth; its basal joint, which scarcely reaches a process of the external frontal tooth, is twice as long and nearly twice as broad as the next or penultimate joint. The terminal joint projects beyond the front, and is scarcely shorter than the second joint. The subhepatic and pterygostomian regions of the carapace are covered with a short down and with numerous minute granules ; those which are found on the anterior portion of the subhepatic region are a little larger than the others. The endo- stome is distinctly longitudinally ridged. The anterior margin of the epistome is granular, the posterior margin, 7. e. the anterior margin of the buccal cavity, is sharp, and similar to that of 62 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS P. vespertilio. The outer foot-jaws also resemble those of that species; they are covered with a short pubescence and fringed with yellow hairs along their inner margins. The sternum and the abdomen are covered with a short down, the abdomen, both in the male and in the female, being similar to that of P. vesper- tilio. The abdomen of the female is fringed with long hairs on the lateral margins. The chelipedes are very unequal: in three specimens the right hand is the largest, in the fourth it is the left. The anterior margin of the basipodites is armed with three or four acute granules. The arms scarcely project beyond the lateral mar- gins of the cephalothorax; the upper margin is armed with two somewhat arcuate, dark-pointed, acute spines at the distal end, the larger of which is situated a little behind the distal spine, which is itself accompanied by a somewhat smaller spine at its base. Behind these large spines the upper margin is further armed with four or five acute granules, which gradually decrease in size towards the proximal end. The anterior margin of the arm presents three or four acute teeth along its proximal half, and the under margin is also granulo-spinulous. The under sur- face of the basipodites and of the arms is a little granular; the concave inner and the scarcely convex outer surfaces are a little punctate but nearly smooth, the outer surface being only slightly granular near its margins. The wrist is armed, at its internal angle, with an acute spine, and the upper surface is granulo- spinulous, being covered with many small acute tubercles or granules, especially along the inner margin and anteriorly (dis- tally). In its outer appearance the larger hand is similar to that of P. vespertilio. The larger hand is nearly twice as long as high (at the base of the fingers), the fingers being included, and quite as long as the length of the cephalothorax. The convex outer surface of the palm is more or less granulo-spinulous on the upper margin and on a proximal area; around the articulation of the wrist, the distal portion of the palm, and the rounded under margin are quite smooth and glabrous. As already remarked, the size of the granulo-spmulous area of the outer surface of the palm is a little variable, the smooth portion of the outer surface being in some specimens larger than in others. In one of the specimens from King Island, the whole under margin of the palm is smooth, and the granules are even wanting at the distal end of the upper margin, so that the granulo-spinulous area only CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 63 occupies the proximal third of the outer surface. In the largest specimen, on the contrary, the larger proximal half of the outer surface is granulo-spinulous, and some granules are also found at the proximal end of the under margin. The granules of the granulo-spinulous area are of unequal size and are acute; some larger granules are often observed in two rows on the upper margin, and irregularly spread over the outer surface, whereas others of smaller size are distributed between the large gra- nules. In other specimens the granules which are found on the upper margin are smaller than those of the outer surface. The somewhat convex inner surface of the palm is quite smooth in the three smaller specimens, but a little granular on the middle in the largest. The dark-coloured fingers are shorter than the palm, and are nearly similar to those of P. vespertilio; they meet along their inner margins, and have pointed, crossed tips. The mobile finger is covered above at its base with a few granules, but otherwise it is quite smooth and glabrous, pre- senting, however, some longitudinal lines of punctulations. The inner edge is feebly denticulate, a somewhat larger (longer) tooth being found at the base, and the inner surface bears a few small tufts of short hairs along the inner edge. The immobile finger presents an impressed, punctate, longitudinal line on the outer and on the inner surface ; its inner margin is provided with six teeth, which are stronger than those of the mobile finger, and the third of which is the largest; onthe inner surface this finger also bears a few tufts of short hairs. The hand of the smaller chelipede is much smaller and com- paratively more slender than the larger hand. The smaller hand is a little shorter than the other, but much lower, its height mea- suring scarcely more than a third of the length, the fingers included. The whole upper surface of the palm, including its upper and under margins, is covered with some large acute gra- nules, which are comparatively a little larger than those of the larger hand, and are mostly arranged in six or seven longitudinal rows, two of which are found on the upper margin. The inner surface of the palm presents some acute granules. The fingers of the smaller hand, which are shorter than the palm, meet along their inner margins, and have also pointed crossed tips. The lower finger is slightly deflexed, and rather profoundly suleate both on its outer and its inner surface; the inner margin is armed with five or six teeth. The mobile finger, which ig 64 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS a little granular and hairy above at the base, is also profoundly suleate, and, as in the larger hand, its inner edge is more feebly denticulate than the lower finger. Both fingers present a few small tufts of short hairs internally along the imner edges. The ambulatory legs resemble those of the European P. hir- tellus, and are tolerably slender. The upper margins of the meropodites are armed with some acute spinules along their distal half, one of which is constantly found at the distal end; the other joints are unarmed. The dactylopodites are straight, a little shorter than the propodites, and terminate in an acute, slightly arcuate, horny tip. The anterior legs are everywhere covered with a short pubes- cence, except the smooth distal portion of the outer surface of the . larger hand, which is quite glabrous; the inner surface of the palms and the fingers are also glabrous and naked. The ambu- latory legs present everywhere the same pubescence, and are fringed moreover along their upper and under margins with rather long hairs, especially along those of the last three joints. Dimensions of the largest specimen :— millim Length of the cephalothorax .........-....-.+.-..- 133 Breadth of the cephalothorax, the lateral spines included 18? Distance between the internal orbital angles ........ 62 Mength of the larger hand ...-..........---5-2.2: 133 Height of the larger hand at the base of the fingers .. 63 Meneth of the smaller hand) ~- 02-0... cee 102 Height of the smaller hand....-.-.-.-.-.--0.575-22% 44 Length of the ambulatory legs of the penultimate pair. 32 The female bearing eggs is 15 millim. broad. According to Prof. Milne-Edwards, this new species differs from Pilumnus Peroniit, M.-Edw., by a less globular cephalo- thorax, the upper surface of which is more granular, by a less advanced front, and by more pointed and more delicate antero- lateral spines. P. cursor, A. M.-Edw., from New Caledonia and Upolu, is also closely allied to our species. In P. cursor, however, a typical specimen of which I have before me, the inter-regional grooves are more distinctly indicated, the whole outer surface of the larger hand is covered with granules, and the fingers of the larger hand are profoundly sulcate, at least in the typical specimen, which CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 65 I am comparing, which is scarcely more than 11 millim broad. P. hirsutus, Stimps., from the Corean seas, differs from P. An- dersont by the larger hand being only granulated on its upper margin, and not at all on its outer surface. (See Miers, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1879, p. 31.) Hilgendorf’s P. longicornis, from the coast of Mozambique, may be easily distinguished from P. Andersoni by its antero- lateral teeth, which are not spiniform. Pilwmnus Bleekeri, Miers, from New Guinea, presents a spiniform extraorbital angle and a distinct subhepatic spine. Pilumnus terre-regine, Hasw., from Queensland, presents a patch of small granulations on the mesobranchial regions (which in P. Andersoni are smooth), the granules on the larger hand are rounded, and it has a row of obscure granules on the lower border of the merus and hand of the smaller chelipede. The upper surface of the cephalothorax of P. vestitus, Hasw., also from the eastern coast of Australia, is described as pre- senting no distinct granules, whereas in this species the upper surface is distinctly granulate anteriorly, as already mentioned. P. vestitus, however, appears closely allied to P. Andersoni, and a more exact knowledge of it is desirable. 42. PrnuMNUS sEMINUDUS, Miers. Pilumnus seminudus, Miers, Crustacea of the Voyage of H.M.S. “Alert,” 1884, p. 222, pl. xxi. fig. C. A young female crab found at Owen Island I believe to belong to the above-named species. The cephalothorax is rather enlarged, the proportion of the breadth to the length being about as 7 to5. The upper sur- face, which is a little convex longitudinally and somewhat decli- vous towards the lateral margins, presents no trace of divisional inter-regional grooves, and is everywhere clothed with a close velvety pubescence. I only observe a very faintly indicated mesial longitudinal furrow. The front is nearly straight and presents a small median incision; the two lobes into which the front is thus divided are not separated by a notch from the internal orbital angles, so that the latter constitute at the same time the external angles of the front. The orbital margins are minutely denticulate, though the denticulation of the upper margin is scarcely visible; the internal angle of the lower border LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 5 66 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS is not at all prominent. The antero-lateral margins are scarcely shorter than the postero-lateral and are armed behind the external angles of the orbits, which are not at all prominent, with four teeth, the anterior one of which is represented by a rather blunt, low, rounded prominence which is itself crenulate. The second resembles the first in being crenulate, but it terminates in a minute spine, and the two posterior teeth are distinctly spini- form. There is no trace of a subhepatic tooth or spine. The endostome is faintly ridged. The chelipedes and the other legs seem to resemble those of the specimens collected during the voyage of H.MS. ‘ Alert.’ The Jeft chelipede is much larger than the right and granular, some larger granules of the outer surface of the palm being arranged in longitudinal series. The hand of the smaller cheli- pede is very hairy externally. The small specimen is only 7 millim. broad and scarcely 5 millim. long. This species is somewhat allied to Pilumnus Dehaanii, Miers, from the Japanese seas, but P. seminudus has a more enlarged cephalothorax. Although Miers’s specimen agrees very well with the description of P. seminudus, I would point out that the existence of fowr antero-lateral teeth has not been clearly indicated by the English carcinologist, and that the granules with which the anterior legs are covered are rather conspicuous. Pilumnus seminudus has been recorded from the eastern and north-eastern coasts of Australia (Port Denison, Torres Strait). 43. Pinumnus Lmvis, Dana. (PI. 1V. figs. 1 & 2.) Pilumnus levis, Dana, Conspectus Crustaceorum &c. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vi. p. 82 (May 1852). Two specimens (¢ @), not yet full-grown, were collected at Sullivan Island. In this small species the carapace is broader than long, the proportion of the distance between the last antero-lateral teeth to the Jength of the cephalothorax (the basal portion of the abdo- men, as far as it is visible from above, excluded) being about as 7 to5. The upper surface is a little convex and perfectly smooth; the regions are quite indistinct, there being no trace of divisional lines, except the usual longitudinal median furrow on the front, which separates the epigastric regions and the usual transverse cervical suture. The upper surface is, however, a little hairy, and presents three elevated transverse lines, which are clothed CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 67 with longer hairs, namely—one on the front between the orbits, parallel with the frontal margin, and one on each side of the carapace, starting from the last antero-lateral tooth, separating the antero-lateral portion of the cephalothorax from the postero- lateral, but not reaching as far as the gastric region. The front is a little broader than a third of the distance between the last antero-lateral teeth, the proportion of that distance to the breadth being as 23 to 9; it is somewhat declivous and divided by a small median triangular notch into two rather prominent and slightly oblique lobes, with a nearly straight or slightly emar- ginate anterior margin. The frontal lobes are not continuous with the orbital margin, but separated laterally from the internal orbital angles by a small angular cleft. The orbital margins, both the superior and the inferior, are entire and not denticulate ; the upper margin presenting moreover no incision, this species belongs to the subgenus Parapilumnus, Kossmann. The external orbital angle is not at all prominent and the antero-lateral margins of the cephalothorax, which are a little shorter than the postero-lateral, are armed with three small spiniform teeth behind the angle of the orbits, the last being a little smaller than the two anterior ones. The pterygostomian regions are perfectly smooth and there is no trace of a subhepatic spine. As regards the male abdomen, I will only remark that the penultimate joint is a little broader than long. The anterior legs or chelipedes are of unequal size, and in both the specimens the right is the larger. The larger chelipede is everywhere smooth and glabrous, and doves not present even a trace of granulation, but appears polished and shining. The arm is very short, scarcely extending beyond the lateral margins of the carapace; its anterior margin is armed with two or three small acute teeth. The wrist has a polished convex upper surface, and is armed at its internal angle with a short though acute tooth. The hand is very large, like the wrist, and nearly as long as the breadth of the cephalothorax ; its surface is every- where smooth, convex, polished, and glabrous. The fingers are also smooth, not sulcate, and their pointed tips cross one another. The smaller chelipede resembles the larger, but the wrist and the hand are a little hairy and the mobile finger is slightly sul- cate longitudinally. 5x 68 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS The ambulatory legs are tolerably slender, resembling those of Pilumnus cursor, A. M.-Edw., and they are slightly hairy. In the larger specimen, the male, the distance between the last antero-lateral teeth measures only 42 millim., the cephalothorax being 32 millim. long. According to Dana the carapace of the adult is nearly 3'” broad. This little crustacean has hitherto only been recorded from the Strait of Balabac. Genus Ertputa, Latr. 44. ERIPHIA LHVIMANA, Latr. Eriphia levimana, Latreille, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. t. 1. p. 427; Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, p. 24; Stimpson, l. c. p. 39; Alph. Milne- Edwards, 1. c. p. 255. See also :—Miers, On Malaysian Crustacea, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880, 5th ser. vol. v. p. 237; and Hilgendorf, Monatsber. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, Nov. 1878, p. 797. Ten fine specimens of this species are in the Collection, three very young males and seven adult females; four of them were collected at Sullivan Island, four at Owen Island, one at King Island, and one at Elphinstone Island. In all the adult females the outer surface of the wrist and of the hands in both chelipedes is wholly smooth and without tubercles, so that they are typical representatives of this species ; but in the smallest male specimen from Owen Island, the cara- pace of which is only 10 millim. broad, the outer surface of both chelipedes is covered with crowded acute tubercles. These tubercles, however, have already begun to disappear in a male a little larger from the same locality, which has a carapace 14 millim. broad ; the tubercles in this specimen only occur on the outer surface of the smaller hand, and are even much less developed than in the smallest male individual. I conclude, therefore, that very young male specimens of #. levimana present this tuber- culation, which, however, soon disappears. The Collection in the Leyden Museum contains two specimens from the Moluccas and one from Amoy, in which the outer surface of the larger hand is smooth, but that of the smaller tuberculated. Eriphia levimana, the type species, the chelipedes of which are wholly smooth, has been collected on the coasts of Mozambique and Natal, at Mauritius, the Nicobar Islands, and the Malayan CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, 69 Archipelago. The Leyden Museum contains specimens also from Padang, Timor, Xulla-Bessy, Gebeh, Amboina, and Halmahera. Tt bas also been found on the coast of New Caledonia and on many islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Fiji and Samoa Islands, and the Paumotu Archipelago; it is, moreover, recorded from the Philippines, the Loo-Choo Islands, and even from the Japanese seas (Stimpson). Genus Traprzia, Latr. 45. TRapEzia CyMonDocE, Herbst. Cancer cymodoce, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, iii. pl. li. fig. 5. Trapezia dentata, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1873, t. ix. p. 261. Trapezia cymodoce, Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, 5th ser. vol. ii. . 409. : Trapezia cymodoce, de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ii. paid. Two specimens were collected, one at Elphinstone Island and one at King Island. Trapezia cymodoce has been collected in the Red Sea (Gulf of Suez, Djeddah), at Ceylon, in the Malayan Archipelago (Am- boina, Manipa, Xulla-Bessy), the Philippine Islands, and finally on the coasts of New Caledonia, Australasia, the Fiji Islands, and the Marquesas group. Family Porrunip. Genus Neptunus, de Haan. 46. NEPTUNUS PELAGICUS, Linné. Cancer pelagicus, Linné, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 434. Portuuus pelagicus, Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. Syst. p. 367. Lupa pelagica, H. Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 450. Neptunus pelagicus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Etudes Zoolog. sur les’ Portuniens récents, in Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1861, t. x. p. 320. A single young maie specimen was collected at Elphinstone island. Neptunus pelagicus is distributed throughout the whole Indo- Pacific region from the Red Sea and Zanzibar as far as Tahiti. 47. NEPTUNUS GLADIATOR, Mabr. Portunus gladiator, Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. p. 368. Lupa gladiator, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 456, 70 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Amphitrite gladiator, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust. p. 39, pl.1 ee 5. Neptunus gladiator, Alph. Milne- Edwards, 1. c. p. 330. Two very young male specimens in the Collection I refer with some hesitation to WV. gladiator. In the larger specimen, collected in the Mergui Archipelago, the distance between the tips of the epibranchial spines measures only 19 millim., the cephalothorax being 103 millim. long. The other, still younger individual was found at Owen Island. Neptunus gladiator, Fabr., N. argentatus, White, NV. medtus, Stimps., and NV. gracilimanus, Stimps., are most closely allied species of a section distinguished by the posterior margin of the arms of the chelipedes being bispinose. These species inhabit the same seas, and I think some of them may hereafter prove to be identical. NV. gladiator may easily be distinguished from the others by the spine with which the upper margin of the orbits is armed. In the Mergui specimens, however, I do not observe this spine, but the external angle of the median lobe of the supraorbital margin only projects a little angularly forward: I suppose that this characteristic spine does not occur in very young specimens. In other respects they entirely agree with N. gladiator. The two median frontal teeth are distinctly developed ; they are, however, much smaller and narrower than the next, but project equally forward. Neptunus argentatus, according to Prof. A. Milne-Edwards, differs by the carapace being comparatively less enlarged, by the absence of the supra- orbital spine, and by the median frontal teeth being rudimentary. Young individuals of these species doubtless closely resemble young specimens of Achelows granulatus. 48. Neprunys (Henienvs) ANDERSoNI, un. sp. (Pl. IV. figs. 3 & 4.) One adult female specimen, bearing eggs, was collected at Elphinstone Island. This remarkable little Neptunus belongs to the subgenus Hellenus, in which Prof. A. Milne-Edwards grouped those species which have the posterior angles of the cephalothorax acute and often armed with a short spine (A. Milne-Edwards, “Etudes sur les Crustacés Podophthalmiens,” pts. v. and vi., in ‘ Mission Scientifique au Mexique,’ Recherches Zoolog. ii. partie, p. 210, 1879). This species also presents some affinities to the genus Xiphonectes of the same author, which I am inclined to regard at CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. fAl most as only a subgenus of Neptunus. Hitherto four species of the subgenus Hellenus and three of Xiphonectes were known as inhabitants of the Indo-Malayan seas. Neptunus Andersont in its outer form and physiognomy appears closely allied to Neptunus (Hellenus) rugosus, A. Milne- Edw., from Australia; but it is distinguished by the arms of the chelipedes not bearing one but two spines It also greatly resembles Neptunus (Hellenus) hastatoides; but N. Andersoni presents a much broader frontorbital margin in proportion to the length of the carapace, and the arms of the chelipedes project less beyond the antero-lateral margins of the cephalothorax than in that species. The upper surface of the carapace appears extremely uneven, as in JV. rugosus, for it is not only very much embossed, but many lobules even rise into more or less developed, slightly eranulated tubercles. ‘T'wo slightly elevated tubercles are found on each protogastric lobe, and a somewhat larger tubercle is placed on the mesogastric lobe; behind the latter, two tubercles are observed on the cardiac region, placed in a transverse line close together, and more elevated than all the others. A single median tubercle occupies the middle of the intestinal region, and finally some other tubercles are placed symmetrically on the postero-lateral regions of the carapace. The whole surface is, moreover, covered with a short dense down, which, however, does not conceal the tubercles. As in WV. rugosus, the frontorbital or anterior margin of the carapace is comparatively very broad in proportion to the length, the latter being nearly as long as the distance between the ex- ternal orbital angles. Unfortunately the left half of the frontal margin of our specimen is a little mutilated, so that I cannot describe exactly the form of the median tooth or teeth of the front ; for, as in JV. rugosus, a single small median tooth may perhaps also be found in this species in the middle of the front, or there may be two very small teeth. In every case the median tooth or teeth are much smaller and project much less forward than the next teeth; the latter are triangular, a little acute, and project about as much forward as the epistome, but not so much ay the internal lobe of the under orbital margin. These teeth are separated by a rather deep emargination from the small, obtuse, external angles of the front (internal orbital angles), which project still less forward than the median tooth. 72 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Immediately behind the external angles of the front, the smooth upper orbital margin presents a small short oblique crest and more outward two fissures; the external angle of the median lobe, situated between these two fissures, projects a little forward, though not forming a tooth. The under margin of the very large orbits also presents a fissure, and appears minutely denticulate between the latter and the large rounded internal lobe, which projects even more forward than the frontal teeth. Whilst the left antero-lateral margin of the carapace is pro- vided with nine teeth, the right presents only four between the external orbital angle and the terminal spine; these teeth evidently successively appear during the growth. The terminal spines are comparatively nearly as long as in Nept. rugosus, measuring about one third of the length of the cephalothorax ; they are directed transversely outward and slightly forward, whereas in WV. rugosus their direction is backward. The lateral angles of the posterior margin terminate each in a short acute spinule, directed outward and upward. The subhepatie regions of the carapace are a little hairy, and are fringed along the antero- lateral margins with longer hairs. As regards the shape of the female abdomen, I refer to the figure of Neptunus gladiator published by de Haan (Fauna Japonica, pl. i. fig. 5), which wholly agrees with that of this SPeCles. The somewhat hairy anterior legs are comparatively as short as in Wept. rugosus, and the arms extend but little beyond the antero-lateral margins of the carapace, and do not reach to the point of the great terminal spine. The anterior margin of the arms bears three acute, somewhat curved spines, the median one of which is found exactly on the middle of the margin; the proximal spine is seen immediately behind the median spine, but the distance of the distal spine from the latter is somewhat greater. The posterior margin of the arms is provided with two spines, a larger spine at the distal end and a somewhat shorter one close behind it. The wrist is armed at its internal angle with a large acute spine, and a smaller one is found on the middle of its posterior margin. The hand is armed with two spines, one on the outer margin of the upper surface, close to the articulation with the wrist, the second a little beyond the middle of the in- ternal margin.. A small dentiform tubercle, moreover, is found at the distal end of the outer margin, above the articulation of CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 73 the mobile finger. The outer surface of the hands presents two longitudinal ridges or costa, and the rounded under margin is a little transversely rugose. The hands are unequal in size, the right being the larger. In both the immobile finger is a little shorter than the under margin of the palm. The fingers are costate and sulcate on their surface, and the tips are a little curved; the mobile finger of the larger chelipede is armed with a very strong tooth, directed obliquely backward at the base, and with some smaller teeth; and the index finger presents three broad, strongly depressed teeth at the base opposite to the strong basal tooth of the mobile finger, and seven much smaller unequal teeth, which gradually diminish in size towards the tip. On the index of the smaller hand these three depressed basal teeth are not found. The ambulatory legs are closely similar to those of Wept. rugosus, except the last pair, which agree most with those of Nept. hastatoides (de Haan, Fauna Japon. pl. i. fig. 3). The meropodites are almost as long as broad, but the penultimate joint or propodite is much longer than broad, being similar to the propodite of Wept. hastatoides, according to the figure in the ‘Fauna Japonica.’ In Nept. rugosus, on the contrary, the meropodite is longer than broad, and the propodite is com- paratively less elongate. Also the terminal joint is a little more elongate than in NV. rugosus, agreeing in this respect more with WNept. hastatoides. Dimensions of the specimen described :— millim. Distance between the internal angles of the front 53 Distance between the external orbital angles.... 137 Distance between the tips of the terminal spines of the antero-lateral margins .............- 31 Distance between the acute lateral angles of the MOSTSMIOE Aroma ie ci wana e Aacan paeiets i= Length of the carapace (the front included) .... 14 Length of the under margin of the larger hand.. 14 Genus THaramira, Latr. 49, THatamira Savienyl, A. Milne-Hdw. Thalamita admete, Audouin, Egypte, Crustacés par Savigny, pl. iv. fig, 4, Thalamita Savignyi, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1861, t. x. p. oe de Man, Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ii. p. 180. 74 DR. J. G@. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Seven rather young specimens (69,19) were collected at Owen Island, the largest of which is 27 millim. broad and 16 millim. long. It is very difficult to distinguish young specimens of this species from the young of the closely allied Thalamita admete, Herbst, as the principal characters by which they are distinguished from one another appear successively during growth. One of the chief characters is the more pronounced granulation of the carapace and of the chelipedes. The largest specimen already presents many characters proper to Thal. Savignyi, though not all. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is hairy, and the minutely granulated transverse lines are very prominent. The outer surface of the wrist of the anterior legs is armed with three spines (two in 7’. admete) and with elevated lines, between which it is hairy and granular. The outer surface of the hands bears two granulated crests, and between the lower crest and the upper margin the surface appears already granular and hairy ; the rounded under margin of the hands is equally granular. The whole inner surface of the hands, on the contrary, and the elevated ridge near the lower margin, which proceeds along the immobile finger, are smooth, as in 7. admete. In the younger individuals this granulation is still less pro- nounced, so that it becomes very difficult to distinguish them from Thal. admete. I may finally add that a young female, the cephalothorax of which is only 153 millim. broad, is already provided with eggs. Thal. Savignyi, however, attains a breadth of 40 millim. Thalamita Savignyi was first discovered in the Red Sea, but has since been recorded from New Caledonia by Milne-Edwards ; the species has evidently a wide distribution. According to Heller, Thal. admete occurs at the Nicobar Islands. 50. THanamira INTEGRA, Dana. Thalamita integra, Dana, United States Explor. Paes Crustacea, part i. p. 281, pl. xvi. fig. 6; Alph. Milne-Edwards, l. c. p. 358. One young male was found at Elphinstone Island. This specimen, the carapace of which is only 153 millim. broad and 10 millim. long, wholly agrees with the description published by Alph. Milne-Edwards. Thalamita integra has been recorded from many islands of the Pacific Ocean by Dana, and from Mozambique by Hilgendorf. . CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 75 The Leyden Museum contains specimens from the shores of Amboina and Timor. 51. TuHatamira stma, W.-Hdw. Thalamita sima, Wilne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. t. i. p. 460. Portunus (Thalamita) areuatus, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust. p. 43, pl. u. fig. 2, and pl. xi. fig. 1. Thalamita sima, Alph. Milne-Edwards, I. c. p. 359. Two very young individuals were collected at Owen Island. They closely resemble the two species of the genus Thalamonyxr described by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards under the names of Thala- monyx Dane and T. gracilipes; but in Thalamita sima the two median frontal lobes are less prominent, and the carapace 1s com- paratively more enlarged. I think, however, the genus Thala- monyx may ultimately prove to be identical with Thalamita, so that it would be better to refer the two foregoing species to the latter genus. Thalamita sima has been observed on the coasts of Coromandel, Java, Amboina, New Caledonia, China, and Japan. Its occurrence in the Red Sea is still doubtful, because it is probably represented there by the closely allied Thalamita Poissoni, Aud., which 1 have proved to bea distinct species (Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ii. p. 181). 52. THanamMiTa PryMNA, Herbst. (PI. IV. figs. 5 & 6.) Cancer prymna, Herbst, op. cit. pl. lvii. fig. 2. Thalamita prymna, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, t. i. p. 461. Portunus (Thalamita) prymna, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 43, pl. xii. fig. 2. Thalamita prymna, Alph. Milne-Edwards, 1. c. p. 360. Seven specimens of different size were collected—three at Elphinstone Island, one at Owen Island, and three at King Island. The largest specimen is a male, and its carapace is 53 millim. broad; the cephalothorax of an ova-bearing female is only 30 millim. broad. Tn all these specimens the fourth antero-lateral tooth of the cara- pace is rudimentary. They present, however, some differences which are probably individual. Thus the upper surface of the cephalothorax and of the legs in the specimens from King Island is densely covered with short hairs, as in Thalamita Dane ; - whereas these hairs are nearly wholly absent in the other in- 76 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS dividuals. In most examples the ridge on the basal joint of the outer antenne is provided with a row of very short, small spines ; In some specimens, however, as in the largest male from Elphin- stone Island, these spines coalesce into a denticulated laminiform crest, such as that described by Stimpson in the Japanese Thala- mita picta; but in other individuals again this ridge is only armed with some acute granules of unequal size. Ag the internal lobes of the upper orbital margin (outer frontal lobes) have probably a constant form in each species, it may be possible by them to distinguish the different species of this difficult genus. Thus these lobes are nearly straight in Thalamita Dane, Stimps., but somewhat arcuate in 7. prymna. In all these specimens, even in the small individuals from King Island and in the very young male from Elphinstone Island, the outer surface of the hand is armed with a granulated crest between the elevated ridge, near the inferior margin, which runs on to the immobile finger and the spines of the upper surface. They thus differ in this character from the Red-Sea individuals described by me some time ago under the name of Thalamita prymna (Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. ii. 1880, p. 180); for in the latter the crest does not occur, when they are less than 45 millim. broad, but only gradually begins to appear when they have attained that size. The Mergui specimens and those from the Red Sea, therefore, are either varieties of one species, or they belong to different forms. In the latter case, I propose to distinguish the Red-Sea specimens as Thalamita picta, a species still very im- perfectly known and insufficiently characterized. One character mentioned as distinctive between these two forms, viz. the occur- rence of an acute prominent crest on the basal joint of the external antenne, occurs sometimes in specimens of Thal. prymna, as I have described above. Thalamita prymna is found in the Indian Ocean and the Malayan Archipelago (Padang, Timor, Halmahera). It has also been recorded from the coast of New Caledonia, the Loo-Choo Islands, and Japan. The occurrence in the Red Sea of the typical 7. prymna, as now characterized, is a little doubtful. 58. THALAMITA sprnIMANA, Dana. (PI. IV. fig. 7.) Thalamita spinimana, Dana, United States Expl. Exp., Crust. part i. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 77 p- 283, pl. xvii. fig. 8; Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1861, t. x. p. 364, and Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1873, t. ix. p. 165, pl. iv. fig. 5. One female specimen was collected at Elphinstone Island. The distance between the points of the third antero-lateral teeth, which we may call the breadth of the carapace, measures 61 millim., and the carapace is 39 millim. long. When comparing this specimen with the individuals described above as Thal. prymna, I observed the following differences :—The frontal lobes are more prominent in 7. spinimana, and are separated from one another by much longer and broader fissures, and the internal lobes of the upper orbital margin are still more arcuated. ‘The median frontal lobes are nearly quadrangular, the second tooth is a little broader and separated from the median by a fissure which appears shorter (less deep) than that by which the two median teeth are separated from one another. The third frontal tooth extends a little more forward than the others, and is algo a little narrower ; the outer frontal lobes (the internal lobes of the upper orbital margin) are still more arcuate and curved than those of Thal. prymna. The ridge on the basal joint of the outer antenne is armed. with three or four black-pointed acute spines, of which the two internal are united at their base; they are partially seen between the internal arcuate lobes of the upper orbital margin and the third frontal tooth. The five antero-lateral teeth of the carapace are nearly equal and successively decrease in length, so that the fourth tooth is a little shorter than the third, but still slightly longer than the fifth. The chelipedes are armed with more spines than those of Thalamita prymna. The anterior margin of the arms presents five spines, of which the proximal and distal ones are, however, very small. The wrist bears a strong acute spine at its internal ° angle, and the outer surface is armed with six spines of different sizes. The subequal hands are comparatively less high, and therefore appear more slender than in Thal. prymna; they are armed with eight or nine spines, arranged in two rows on the upper margin, and the outer surface presents the same longi- tudinal granulated crest which is found in the Mergui specimens of 7. prymna, but whichis absent in individuals from near Djedda in the Red Sea, which I propose to'refer to Z'hal. picta. Between 78 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS this crest and the upper margin the outer surface of the hands is covered with some acute granules and spinules. ' The posterior margin of the penultimate joint of the natatory legs is provided with some short teeth, asin 7. prymna. Koss- mann is doubtless wrong in uniting into a single species all Thalamite with eight frontal lobes; but some species, however, may prove to be mere varieties of others. As regards the figure of Thal. spinimana, published by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards, I may observe that the strange form of the front of this specimen is, without doubt, abnormal, similar abnor- malities having been found by me also in other species of this genus. | Thalamita spinimana has been recorded from the Fiji Islands and from New Caledonia, the closely allied and probably identical Thal. ceruleipes having been found by the ‘ Novara’ pein at the Nugainere Islands. 54. ToHatamita Danm, Stemps. (Pl. IV. figs. 8 & 9.) Thalamita crenata, Dana, Unit. States Expl. Exp. i. p. 282, pl. xvii. Hes 7s as Dane, Stimpson, J.c. p. 37 (1858); Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1861, t. x. p. 366, pl. xxx. fig. 1. Thalamita Stimpsoni, Alph. Milne- Edwards, l. c. p. 362, pl. xxxv. fig. 4. Six specimens (2 ¢,4 9 ) were collected—three at Owen Island, two at Elphinstone Island, and one at King Island. Thalamita Dane is, without doubt, a distinct species, distin- guished by many constant and important characters. The internal lobes of the upper orbital margin are very depressed and nearly straight, differing much, therefore, from those of 7. prymna and T. spinimana. The ridge on the basal joint of the outer antenne is armed with a row of granules, which are never spinulose. The foregoing specimens wholly agree with the description and the figure published by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards. The upper surface of the carapace and of the legs is densely covered with short hairs. Tn most of the specimens the antero-lateral teeth are nearly equal, the fourth and the fifth being, however, a little smaller than the anterior. The fourth tooth in this species, however, appears to have a somewhat variable length, as has already been mentioned by Mr. Miers (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. vol. v. 1880, p- 2388), so I conclude that Thal. Stimpson, A. M. -Edw., is a = oe of Thal. Dane, differing only from it in the nih ant: CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 79 state of the fourth antero-lateral tooth, but entirely agreeing in all other characters. The shape of the male abdomen is also characteristic of T. Dane. The Leyden Museum contains specimens of Thalamita Dane from Amboina, Waigiou, Timor, Ceram, and Padang; and it has also been recorded from Auckland by Heller, from Hong- kong and Java by Stimpson and Milne-Edwards, and from Mozambique by Hilgendorf. 55. THALAMITA CRENATA, Latr. Portunus crenatus, Latreille, Collection du Muséum. Thalamita crenata, Riippell, Krabben des Rothen Meeres, 1830, p. 6, Taf. 1. fig. 2; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, p. 461 ; Stimpson, l.c. p. 37; Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1861, t. x. p. 365, and Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1873, t. ix. p. 166; Hilgendorf, Monatsber. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 800. One male specimen was collected at King Island. The distance between the last antero-lateral teeth measures 60 millim. Thalamita crenata is sharply defined and distin- cuished from the preceding species by the absence of longitudinal erests and granulations on the outer and inner surfaces of the hands, which are very convex and nearly wholly smooth. As regards the shape of the cephalothorax, and more especially the shape of the frontal lobes, these two species, however, almost completely agree with one another. Thalamita crenata is represented in the Leyden Museum by specimens from the Red Sea, from the island of Nossy-Faly, near Madagascar, from the Moluccas, Banda, Waigiou, Timor, and Macassar; also by specimens from the shores of Padang, Sumatra. This species is, moreover, recorded from the coasts of China, the Loo-Choo Islands, Pondicherry, Java, the Nicobar Islands, and Mozambique. It seems, therefore, to be distributed throughout the whole Indo-Pacific Region from the Red Sea and Mozam- bique as far as the shores of China and the Marquesas group. Genus Gontosoma, Alph. M.-Hdw. 56. Goniosoma cruUcIFERUM, Fabr. (PI. V. fig. 1.) Portunus crucifer, Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. Syst. p. 364. Thalamita crucifera, Wilne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, i. p. 462. 80 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Goniosoma cruciferum, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. 1861, t. x. p. 371. One male specimen was collected in the Mergui Archipelago. The distance between the points of the last antero-lateral teeth measures 71 millim., and the cephalothorax is 45 millim. long. The last antero-lateral tooth is directed transversely outward. I may also add that the posterior margin of the penultimate joint of the natatory legs bears two minute teeth. Goniosoma cruciferum is found in the Indian Ocean, the Malayan Archipelago, and in the Chinese and Japanese seas, having been collected at Bombay, Pondicherry, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Amboina, Port Jackson, the Philippines, Hong- kong, and Japan. 57. GontosoMa AFFINE, Dana. (PI. V. fig. 2.) Charybdis affinis, Dana, United States Expl. Exped., Crust. part 1. p. 286, pl. xvii. fig. 12. Goniosowa affine, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Archives du Muséum Hist. Nat. \861, t. x. p. 384. Two fine adult specimens were collected in the Mergui Archi- pelago, a male and a somewhat larger ova-bearing female. This species is still little known and very rare. As no ex- amples are to be found in the large collections of the Leyden Museum, the following remarks may be desirable. As Dana observes, this species is very similar to Goniosoma cruciferum, Fabr.; I will therefore compare it with the specimen of the latter alae is in the collection. The cephalothorax of the male is 233 millim. fete and 37 millim. broad, that of the female is 263 millim. long and 43 millim. broad ; the proportion of the breadth and the enone of the cara- pace is therefore in this species quite equal to the same proportion in G. cruciferum. As regards the structure of the upper surface of the cephalothorax, both species agree very well with one another ; but the antero-lateral regions are more depressed and even a little concave in G. affine. The whole upper surface is covered with a close down of very short hairs, and marked with the same minutely granulated transverse lines which are found in G. cruciferum. The frontal teeth also closely resemble those of the latter species, but still more so those of G. quadrimaculatum (A. Milne- Edwards, op. cit. pl. xxxiv. fig. 3); they are scarcely acute, much CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, 81 depressed, and the two median teeth are most prominent. The second teeth are directed somewhat obliquely outwards and sepa- rated from the third, which extends straight forwards, by a fissure deeper and longer than that by which the first and the second teeth are separated. The fourth teeth, or internal angles of the upper orbital margin, are directed somewhat obliquely out- wards. The first antero-lateral tooth has a very characteristic form ; it is truncated and slightly excavated at its external margin, as in G. cruciferum ; but it projects much more forwards than in that species, as will be seen by a comparison of figs. 1 & 2 Pl. V.; the second tooth is about the same size as the first, but is never larger than it, and it is rather acute, although without a dark point. The four posterior teeth are dark- pointed and acute ; the third, fourth, and fifth teeth are directed straight forwards, but the last transversely outwards and slightly forwards. The last tooth is also a little longer than the anterior ones. Like the frontal teeth, those also of the antero-lateral margins are much depressed and flattened. The postero-lateral regions resemble those of G'. cruciferum, and are concave. The skape and the size of the internal lobe of the lower orbital margin are also characteristic of this species; for this lobe pro- jects a little more forwards than the internal lobe of the upper margin of the orbits, while in G. eruciferum the latter projects more forwards than the former. The subhepatic regions are hairy. The anterior legs are quite similar to those of G. cruciferum, in the relative length of the arms and chelx and in their form and armature. The anterior margin of the arms presents three spines; the wrist is armed with a leng spine at the internal angle, and with three small acute spines at the outer surface. The outer surface of the hands of G. affine presents two longi- tudinal minutely granulated crests near the smooth convex under margin, and between the upper margin and the ridge which is continued upon the immobile finger; in G. cruciferwm only one crest is found on this place. The external surface of the hand of G. affine has therefore three, whilst that of G. cruciferuwm has only two, longitudinal crests. The outer and upper surfaces of the hands of G. affine are covered with short hairs; whereas in this specimen of G. cruciferwm these surfaces are perfectly LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 82 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS glabrous and smooth. The upper surface is armed with five spines, two along the inner margin (viz. one in the middle and one above the articulation of the mobile finger), and three along the external margin, viz. one at the articulation with the wrist, a second a little beyond the middle, and the third above the articulation of the mobile finger. The shape, structure, and armature of the fingers are quite similar in both species. The ambulatory and the natatory legs wholly resemble those of G. eruciferum, and consequently the meropodites of the natatory legs are very broad and sulcate, the proportion of their length and breadth being as 6:4, and the grooves on their upper (outer) surface are hairy. The penultimate joint presents the same elongated form, and its posterior margin has only traces of two or three minute teeth. As regards the shape of the male abdo- men, both species perfectly agree with one another. G. affine may therefore be distinguished from G. eruciferum (1) by its smaller size, (2) by the different shape and form of the first antero-lateral tooth, (8) by the internal suborbital lobe being much more prominent, (4) by the presence of three longitudinal crests on the outer surface of the hands. Young specimens of G. eruciferum have, however, still to be examined in order to ascertain whether they present the same characters as the adult. G. affine, Dana, is a rare species, which has hitherto been recorded only from the seas of Singapore. Besides the well-known G. cruciferum, Fabr., and G. natator, Herbst, there is still a fourth species of Gondosoma, in which the first antero-lateral tooth of the carapace is truncated and slightly excavated, namely, G. miles, de Haan, from the Japanese seas. This species, however, differs from G. affine (1) in its larger size, (2) by its narrower cephalothorax, (8) by its more acute frontal teeth, and especially (4) by its more elongated anterior legs, the merus-joints of which are armed with four strong teeth ante- riorly, and by its hands having their outer and under surfaces covered with minute granules and squamose granular lines. od 58. GONIOSOMA MERGUIENSE, n. sp. (Pl. V. figs. 3 & 4.) ? Synon.: Goniosoma spiniferum, Miers, Report on the Zoological Col- lections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ 1884, p. 233, pl. xxiii. fig. C. A thorough revision of the genus Gontosoma is much needed, CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 83 not only because the typical specimens of Fabricius and Herbst have never been examined by later carcinologists, but also be- cause the numerous species are often only distinguished by very slight differences. I therefore consulted Prof. Milne- Edwards regarding this species, and I was informed by him that it is. , closely allied to G. guadrimaculatum, A. M.-Edw.* It differs, however, from G. guadrimaculatum (1) by the form of the antero-lateral teeth, the last of which is distinctly longer than the preceding, not only in young specimens but even in the adult ; and (2) by the carpopodites of the natatory legs being armed with an acute spine, and by other characters. This species is probably identical with G. spiniferum, Miers, from North-eastern Australia, which was, without doubt, estab- lished upon a young specimen. In the latter the outer surface of the carpopodites of the anterior legs is armed with only two spinules, and the posterior margin of the penultimate joint of the natatory legs is not denticulated ; whereas in equally young spe- cimens, and indeed in all the twenty specimens of the Mergui form, there are three spinules, and denticulations are distinctly present. I therefore prefer to describe the Mergui crab as a new species, but a renewed examination of the species from Port Molle may perhaps prove its identity with G. merguiense. I may further add that, according to Milne-Edwards, Gt. acutum from Japan is a distinct species. The Collection contains a fine series of twenty specimens of various sizes of the new species, nine of which were found at * A close examination of the typical specimen of Fabricius’s Portunus lucifen (Suppl. Entom. p. 364) led me to the conclusion that it is identical with Gonio- soma quadrimaculatum, A. M.-Edw. JI also received from Prof, Mobius the type specimen of Fabricius’s Portunus annulatus, which is much smaller than the type of P. lucifer. Iam much inclined to regard P. annulatus as only a younger specimen of P. lucifer, for I scarcely find any other differences than that the cephalothorax of the latter is a little more enlarged than in the former, and that the antero-lateral spines and those of the anterior legs are less acute than in P. annulatus, characters which probably may be due to the greater age of the type of P. lucifer. The carpopodite of the natatory legs in P. lucifer, as in P. annulatus, is quite unarmed, but the propodite is denticulated along its posterior margin. In both species the last antero-lateral tooth is the smallest. I may further add that an examination of the typical specimen of the Gonio- soma described by Heller as G. orientale (Novara Reise, p. 29, t. iii. fig. 3), has proved it to be identical with P.annulatus, Faby. The fine violet rings on the legs are still visible, almost as distinctly as in the dried specimen described by Fabricius. G. Helleri?, A. M.-Edw. (1867), is probably a different form. 6* 84 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS King Island Bay, and five at Elphinstone Island ; but the exact localities of the others are not recorded. The largest specimen is 63 millim. broad, the smallest only 11 millim.; andthe others are of intermediate size. Tn its general outer appearance this species resembles closely G quadrimaculatum, A. M.-EHdw.,= G. luciferum, Fabr., the cephalo- thorax being considerably enlarged. In the largest specimen, which is 63 millim. broad, the distance between the tips of the last antero-lateral teeth is in proportion to the length of the cephalothorax as 21:13. The rather depressed upper surface of the cephalothorax appears minutely punctate when it is exa- mined under a lens; and it is covered with a short pubescence, especially anteriorly and on the antero-lateral regions, but in many specimens this is worn off, as ¢. g. in the largest indi- vidual. The upper surface is marked anteriorly with the usual minutely granulated, slightly prominent, transverse lines. The posterior line which unites the last antero-lateral teeth with one another has a somewhat sinuous course, and it is interrupted, on each side of the mesogastric area, by the scarcely distinct gastro- branchial groove ; before this line the middle of the protogastrie region is marked with another non-interrupted transverse line, which is as broad as the front; and before this line two pairs of transverse lines are found on the epigastric area, the anterior pair being verysmall. No transverse lines are found behind the long line which unites the two last antero-lateral teeth. The front, z. e. the distance between the internal orbital angles, measures precisely a third of the distance between the tips of the last antero-lateral teeth. The large series of individuals in the Col- lection has evabled me to observe a remarkable fact, namely, that the frontal teeth are blunt and rounded in very young specimens, that they successively appear more pointed in older ones, and that they are finally more or less acute and sharp in adult indi- viduals. Thus in the smallest specimen of the Collection, only 11 millim. broad, the two first or median teeth are blunt, rounded, and separated from one another by a minute incision ; the second, somewhat broader, teeth are also broadly rounded, slightly directed outwards, and separated from the first by a small trian- gular hiatus; the third teeth are straight, also blunt, though narrower than the first, and separated from the second by a narrow, though somewhat longer fissure; the fourth frontal teeth or internal orbital angles are triangular, and also CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 85 rather obtuse. In specimens which are twice as large and 22 millim. broad, the frontal teeth still fully resemble those of the youngest specimen. In larger individuals the frontal teeth appear gradually less rounded, more triangular, and pointed, and separated from one another by larger and deeper fissures, though the two median teeth are changing their form a little more slowly than the others, appearing obtuse, whereas the other teeth are already pointed and acute. In a specimen 50 millim. broad the two median teeth are blunt, the second teeth triangular, though still obtuse; the third and the fourth teeth, however, are very acute, especially the third. In the largest specimen in the Collection, which is 63 millim. broad, all the frontal teeth are sharp and acute, those of the first pair being even triangular and a little poimted. The frontal teeth are flattened and depressed, and the median teeth are slightly more prominent than the others. The front appears to me to be a littie more prominent than in G. spiniferum; but as the figure of that species is a double enlargement made from a young and small specimen, the drawing is perhaps somewhat inexact. The orbits are of the usual size, and their upper margin presents two narrow linear fissures ; the internal lobe of the inferior margin of the orbits is triangular and acute, and projects scarcely as much forwards as the internal angle of the upper margin. The inferior orbital margin is also marked with a fissure or hiatus. The antero-lateral margins are armed with six acute teeth, in- cluding the external orbital angles ; the tips of all the teeth are dark-coloured. The first two teeth are of equal size; the third is a little larger, as in G. annulatum, Fabr.; the fourth is a little smaller than the third; the fifth is a little smaller than the fourth; and the sixth or last tooth is distinctly longer than the preceding, being directed transversely outwards and slightly for- wards*. Inthe younger specimens the last antero-lateral tooth is almost twice as long as the fifth, while in the largest specimen it * Though the first two antero-lateral teeth are slightly smaller than the third in this species, asin G. annulatum, Fabr., G. luciferum, Fabr., and G. japo- micum, de Haan, they are, however, about as large as the fifth; in G. orientale, Dana=dubiwm, Hoffm., and in G. acutifrans, de Man, on the contrary, the second antero-lateral tooth is rudimentary, being in the last-mentioned species even scarcely perceptible. 86 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS is still distinctly longer than the fifth. The postero-lateral margins are rather concave. The external antenne are long, and measure two ‘Laval of the length of the cephalothorax ; their basal joint is armed with a minutely granulated, rounded, and little prominent crest. In G. acutum, A. M.-Edw., a species inhabiting the Japanese seas, and closely allied to our species, this crest is armed with two spines. The sternum and the abdomen are minutely punctate, but are quite smooth and glabrous. In its general shape the male abdomen resembles that of G. gquadrimaculatum (Archives du Muséum, tom. x. pl. xxxiv. fig. 3a). The terminal joint is triangular and equilateral; the length of the penultimate joint is scarcely shorter than the breadth of its posterior margin, and the lateral margins of this joint are a little rounded and convex on their anterior half. In G. luciferum= G. quadrimacu- latum the penultimate joint is a little shorter, and it therefore appears slightly more enlarged. As usual, the lateral margins of the female abdomen are fringed with hairs. The anterior legs are rather short, extending with their distal half beyond the lateral margins. The anterior margin is armed with four spines, including a small spinule at the distal end Gn the larger chelipede of the largest specimen, a fifth accessory spine is found between the two proximal spines, but this spine is certainly an abnormality). In many specimens, a small spinule is found at the distal end of the under margin inserted on the tuberculiform prominence which is there seen. The rounded posterior margin is slightly granular, but the rest of the arms is smooth. The wrist is armed with a long strong spine at its internal angle, and with three acute spinules on its outer surface ; the ridges on the outer surface, terminating in these spinules, are minutely granular. The hands are comparatively less swollen than those of & annulatum. As regards the proportion of the length of the fingers to that of the palm, both species agree with one another. The larger hand of the largest specimen is scarcely more than three times as long as it is high at the base of the fingers; the smaller hand is comparatively lower, and appears therefore slightly more elongated. The upper surface is armed with five spines arranged, as usual, in two rows; two are found on the , a CRUSTACEA OF TILE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 87 internal margin, and three in the external row, the proximal of the latter being found at the articulation with the wrist. The distal spines are situated above the articulation of the mobile finger. The outer surface of the hands presents three longi- tudinal parallel ridges, one below and near the under margin, and continued upon the immobile finger, the second on the middle of the outer surface, and the third, proceeding parallel to the second, from the proximal spine of the external row of the upper margin up to the middle of the palm. In the adult specimen these ridges are smooth, in the younger individuals often minutely granular. The outer surface of the palm, its convex under surface, and the imner surface, which also presents a more or less distinctly indicated longitudinal ridge on the middle, are smooth; but the upper surface of the palm is minutely granular; the dorsal ridges on the upper surface, which terminate in the spines, are also somewhat granular. On the hand of the smaller chelipede of the adult specimen these granules are less distinct. The fingers are similar to those of G. annulatum, Fabr. | The three succeeding pairs of legs are a little more slender than those of G. annulatwm, Fabr., the joints being slightly more elongated. Thus the propodites of the legs of the third, or middle, pair are thrice as long as broad; in G. annulatum, however, they are scarcely more than twice. The dactylopodites are also more slender. The natatory legs are similar to those of G. luciferum= G. qua- drimaculatum. The merus-joint is about twice as long as broad, slightly longitudinally grooved near the anterior and again near the posterior margin, which is armed near the distal end with a strong spine. The carpopodite is armed, as in G. spiniferwm, Miers, at the posterior margin of its under surface with an acute backwardly directed spine. The penultimate joint or pro- podite in all the specimens is denticulated along its posterior margin, having 7—9 acute spinules. The flattened terminal joint has a small spinule at its distal extremity. Like the cephalothorax, the legs are also covered with a close pubescence, while the more prominent parts, such as the ridges and spines, are glabrous ; in many examples, however, this pubes- cence has been worn off, 88 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Dimensions of the largest specimen :— millim. Length of the cephalothorax (without the abdomen). 39 Distance between the external orbital angles...... 364 Distance between the tips of the last antero-lateral teeth, being the breadth of the cephalothorax .. 63 Distance between the tips of the external frontal teeth, 7. e. between the internal orbital angles = breadth otithe tomb aye ete icone eee 21 Length of the penultimate joint of the male abdomen. 52 Breadth of the posterior margin of this joint...... 6 Length of the larger hand (the fingers included) .. 444 Heneth ob twemingers.. 2: oar hee Geter cr enrnn 21 Height of the hand at the base of the fingers...... 14 A female of a species of Goniosoma from Amboina, preserved in the Leyden Museum, and referred by me some years ago to G. annulatum, Fabr., agrees completely with the Mergui speci- mens, except that the last antero-lateral tooth is only as long as the fifth and not longer. I regard this form as a local variety. G. luciferum, Fabr.= G. quadrimaculatum, A. M.-Edw., G. an- nulatum, Fabr., and G. japonicum, de Haan, are all closely allied to G. merguiense. They may be distinguished from it at first sight by the absence of the spine on the carpopodite of the natatory legs. In G. japonicum the long crests of the hands are always distinctly granular; the penultimate joint of the male abdomen is differently formed; the penultimate joint of the natatory legs is unarmed; the meropodites of the natatory legs are more enlarged ; and the last antero-lateral tooth is the smallest of all. Subtribe Catometopa. Genus Eucrats, de Haan. Mr. Miers supposes that the genera Psewdorhombila, M.-Edw., Carcinoplax, M.-Edw., Eucrate, de Haan, and Pilumnoplaz, Stimps., will prove to be identical, when they come to be sub- mitted to a thorough revision. In my opinion, however, the genus Hucrate, de Haan, must be retained; for this genus is a very natural one, distinguished not only by its entire physio- gnomy, but also by the structure of the external antenne. In CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 89 the genus Eucrate the internal orbital hiatus is occupied by a process at the base of the antenne, so that the flagellum is quite excluded from the orbital cavity. In the genus Carcinoplaa, on the contrary, at least in the two species which I have studied, viz. C. setosws and C. integer, the internal orbital hiatus is occupied by the base of the antenne itself, as in Pilwmnus, so that the flagellum is not excluded from the orbits. According to the descriptions of Milne-Edwards and Stimpson, the genera Pseudorhombila and Pilumnoplax seem to agree with Carcinoplax in the flagella of their external antennz not being excluded from the orbits ; whereas the genus Heteroplax, Stimps., agrees with Hucrate in the character of its external antenne. 59. Hucrats arrints, Haswell. (Pl. V. figs. 5-7.) Eucrate affinis, Haswell, Catalogue of the Australian Stalk- and Sessile- eyed Crustacea, 1882, p. 86. ? Pilumnoplax suleatifrons, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scienc. Phila- delphia, 1858, p. 93. Four fine specimens (three ¢,one ?) of acrustacean collected at King Island Bay, I refer, although with some hesitation, to the rare species Hi. affinis, Haswell. These specimens not only belong to the genus Hwcrate, de Haan, but in many characters even present a striking resemblance to the typical representative of this genus, #. crenata from Japan. Besides their smaller size, they may be distinguished from the latter species by the more depressed cephalothorax, and by the ridge-like elevations with which the upper surface is covered. I refer these specimens to Haswell’s H#. affinis from the Australian coast, although his description of it does not com- pletely agree with them. Thus Haswell does not describe the anterior margin of the front as being transversely sulcated; and according to the same author, the wrist is very hairy externally, whereas in the Mergui specimens it is only hairy anteriorly towards and near the articulation with the hand. In Haswell’s specimens, also, the hands presented a longitudinal ridge close to the inferior border; but in the Mergui specimens an impressed longitudinal line is found only on the outer surface of the immobile finger close to the inferior border, the palm being quite smooth. The following is a full description of the four specimens. The cephalothorax closely resembles that of H. crenata, the proportion of the breadth and the length being precisely the 90 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS same; but it is a little less convex, and the antero-lateral margins are comparatively a little longer than in the Japanese species. In the form and the structure of the front and of the orbits, both species are alike. The front is slightly declivous, straight, and divided by a small median triangular notch into two truncated lobes; the anterior margin is distinctly traus- versely sulcated, and the two lobes are a little prominent in the middle; so that the front is perfectly similar to that of EH. crenata. The internal angle of the upper orbital margin is described by Haswell as being acute ; but in our specimens it re- sembles H. crenata only when the carapace is viewed from above ; when, however, the front orbital region is looked at anteriorly, the internal orbital angle appears obtuse, though transversely carinated. As in Heteroplax, the internal orbital hiatus is occupied by a process of the base of the antenne, so that the flagellum is excluded from the orbital cavity; the flagellum therefore appears in the hiatus between the internal orbital angle and the front, when the carapace is looked at from above. The flagellum is a little longer than half the length of the cephalothorax. The upper margin of the somewhat oblique orbits presents two fissures, one about the middle, and the other near the external angle; the inferior orbital margin also presents a small hiatus near the external orbital angle. The internal lobe of the infraorbital margin is dentiform, and projects a little more forwards than the internal angle of the upper margin. It is separated by a small emargination from a second, though smaller and less prominent lobe of the infraorbital margin, situated on its interior half. The antero-lateral margins are much shorter than the postero- lateral, and are armed with four teeth, including the external orbital angle. These teeth are rather acute and nearly equal, the third being, however, a little longer and slightly more prominent than the others, and the fourth being the smallest of all; they are all more or less distinctly carinate above. The antero-lateral margins are little oblique, so that the carapace is rather narrow. The external elevated margin of the last antero-lateral tooth extends backwards for a short distance, thus constituting the postero-lateral margin ; but it soon disappears, so that the pos- tero-lateral margin becomes undefined. A little more inwards, however, on each side of the upper surface of the carapace, a ridge-like, longitudinal, somewhat rugose elevation is found, CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 91 running obliquely forwards from the posterior margin of the cephalothorax, and parallel to the postero-lateral margin, almost to the level of the last antero-lateral tooth. A little behind the frontal margin two slight transverse elevated lines are observed on the upper surface of the cephalo- thorax between the orbits; these epigastric ridges are separated from one another by a faint mesial frontal furrow, which is bifur- cated behind as usual. Two other transverse ridge-like eleva- ' tions are found on each antero-lateral region, the anterior of which ig situated at the base of the third antero-lateral tooth ; whereas the posterior, parallel to the anterior, is found at the base of the fourth antero-lateral tooth. The anterior of these transverse ridges and the transverse epigastric ridges are united on each side by a ridge-like elevation which runs parallel to the upper orbital margin. The cervical suture which separates the gastric from the cardiac region is very faintly marked. An impressed line proceeds close to and parallel to the posterior margin of the cephalothorax. The rest of the upper surface of the cephalothorax appears quite smooth and glabrous, slightly convex anteriorly and flattened posteriorly. In Lucrate affinis the endostome is more distinctly longitudi- nally ridged on each side than in ZL. crenata; but in the form of the epistome and of the anterior margin of the buccal cavity, both species resemble one another. The male abdomen is seven- jointed, scarcely narrower towards the base than the contiguous part of the sternum; the third joint is the most enlarged ; and the remaining terminal part is very narrow, the joints gra- dually increasing in length and decreasing in breadth, so that the terminal joint is the longest of all. I have only a female specimen of H. crenata before me, and I am therefore unable to decide whether poth species agree with one another as regards the form of the male abdomen; but the female abdomen presents precisely the same form in both species. The anterior legs are subequal, the right being in all the spe- cimens a little larger than the left; they have the same form and size both in the male and in the female. The anterior as well as the ambulatory legs are closcly similar to those of Ei. crenata. The upper margin of the arms is armed with a strong tooth near its distal end, which is “separated distally by a transverse groove from a second, lower, transverse elevation,” as Haswell rightly 92 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS observes. The wrist, armed with a small tooth at its internal angle, is smooth and glabrous on its convex upper surface, except towards the distal and antericr margin, especially towards that part which lies between the internal tooth and the articula- tion of the hand, where it is densely hairy. In F. crenata a larger portion of the upper surface is hairy; and in Haswell’s specimens of H. affinis the wrist is described as being very hairy externally; so I suppose the whole outer surface in them was hairy. The hands are quite smooth, convex, and glabrous, and closely resemble those of H. crenata; the fingers are nearly as long as the palm, and are also smooth, the mobile finger pre- senting alongitudinal punctated line on its outer surface, whereas the index is marked with a longitudinal impressed line on the outer surface close to the inferior border. The inner surface of the palm is also convex and almost glabrous, being only a little hairy near the articulation with the wrist. The fingers have pointed crossed tips, and their inner margins are denticulate, the mobile finger presenting two somewhat stronger teeth at the base, whereas the index is armed with some stronger teeth at the middle of its inner margin. The ambulatory legs are closely similar to those of H. crenata, the first three pairs being nearly equally long, whereas the last pairisshorter. The three terminal joints are slightly hairy along their anterior and posterior margins. The dactylopodites are depressed, and, like the pro- podites, they are longitudinally sulcate on their upper surface. The dactylopodites of the last pair are slightly curved upward towards their extremity, and are a little shorter than the propo- dites, being similar to those of H. crenata. Dimensions :— So Q. : millim. millim. Length of the cephalothorax.......... ile 125 Breadth of the cephalothorax (distance between the third antero-lateral teeth). 143 16 Eucrate affinis, Haswell, has been recorded from the Aus- tralian coast (Port Denison), where it was collected in 20 fathoms. Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, Stimps., is closely allied, or perhaps even identical, with this species. Indeed, when comparing these specimens with the description given by the American naturalist, I was struck by the great conformity between them. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 93 Stimpson, however, says in his description that the antenne are similar to those of Pilumnus; but perhaps he bas mistaken their real structure, as his specimens were very small. The species lately described and figured by Miers under the name of Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons, var. australiensis, is also closely allied to this species; but it seems to differ by its longer and more slender dactylopodites, by the non-emarginate front, and the complete absence of hairs on the wrist (Miers, Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert,’ Crustacea, p. 242, pl. xxiv. fig. C). Should Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons, Stimps., prove to be identical with Kucrate affinis, Hasw., I should then be inclined to retain the latter name, although of later date than the former, because in both species the anterior margin of the front is transversely sulcate. Genus Carcinoprax, I.-Hdw. 60. CarcrnopLax sEtosus, A. M.-Hdw. Carcinoplax setosus, Alph. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum Hist. Nat. t. ix. p. 267, pl. xn. fig. 2. . Three specimens (one ¢, two 9) were collected at Owen Island. The cephalothorax of the largest individual is 73 millim. broad. This small species has been found on the shores of New Cale- donia and of the island of Banda (Leyden Museum). 61. CaRcINOPLAX INTEGER, Miers. Carcinoplax integra, Miers, Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert, 1884, p- 543, pl. xlvii. fig. C. Three specimens were collected at Elphinstone Island, two males and one female. Tam enabled to add some additional remarks to Miers’s descrip- tion of this species, as the Mergui specimens are of a much larger size than those he described. The cephalothorax of the largest specimen (¢ )is 10} millim. broad and 77 millim. long; unfortu- nately this specimen has lost both chelipedes. The specimen which was described by Miers was only half that size. The front is much deflexed, and divided by asmall median triangular incision into two lobes; the margins of these lobes are nearly straight 94 DE. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS being only very faintly emarginate towards their lateral angles, z.e. the internal orbital angles; in Carcinoplax setosus they are more distinctly separated from the latter by a small lateral cleft. The inferior margin of the orbits presents a trace of a fissure or a very indistinct hiatus close to their external angle. As in C. setosus, the endostome is faintly ridged; but in so young a specimen as that which was collected by H.M.S. ‘Alert’ the ridges might easily be overlooked. The merus-jomt of the external maxillipeds has been very well figured by Mr. Miers, but imexactly described; the anterior half of the internal margin is slightly excavated, and the antero-external angle is rounded. The male abdomen presents seven distinct joints, and the penultimate joint is a little broader than long. The fingers have pointed, crossing, naked tips, and are slightly longitudinally suleate. J may observe that the dactylopodites of the last pair of ambulatory legs are slightly curved upward towards their corneous claw, both in this species and in C. setosus, the same way as in the genus Pilumnoplaz. Carcinoplax integer has hitherto been recorded only from the Seychelles. ~ Genus TreLpHusa, Latr. 62. TenpHusa StoticzKana, Wood-Mason. (Compared with the typical specimens of Zelphusa indica, Latr., and 7. Larnaudu, A. M.-Edw.) Telphusa Stoliczkana, Wood-Mason, On Indian and Malayan Telphuside, Journ. Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xl. pt. 2, 1871, p. 199, pl. xii. fies. 8-12. The Collection contains a fine series of nine specimens, five of which were collected at Thaing, and four at Yimiki, both in King Island.. This species has been very well described and figured by Mr. Wood-Mason, so that I have little to add. It may easily be recognized by the enlarged and depressed cephalothorax, the rather shallow cervical suture, the straight non-interrupted postfrontal crest which unites the two more or less prominent epibranchial teeth with one another, and by the somewhat granulated front, the anterior margin of which is deeply emarginate. Prof. Alph. Milne-Edwards kindly compared for me a specimen, CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 95 which I had sent to him, with the typical specimens of Latreille’s T. indica, which is closely allied to this species. According to Prof. Milne-Edwards, 7. Stoliczkana differs from 2. indica by the more dilated branchial regions, by the less profound gastro- branchial groove, by the more sharply defined protogastric (epi- gastric) lobes, and by the deeply emarginate frontal margin, which in 7. indica is entire. T. Stoliczkana is also allied to 7. Larnaudit, Alph. Milne-Edw., a species which not only inhabits Siam but also the island of Sumatra, as I indicated some years ago in my Note on the Crustacea collected by the Dutch Sumatra Expedition (de Man, Crustacea, in P. J. Veth’s ‘Midden-Sumatra,’ Leiden, 1880, iv. pt. xi. p. 2, pl.i.). Prof. Milne-Edwards having sent me a typical specimen of 7. Larnaudii from Siam, I am enabled to describe the characters by which this species may be distin- guished from TZ. Stoliczkana. In TL. Larnaudii the epibranchial teeth are situated closer to the external orbital angles, so that the distance between the epibranchial teeth and the external orbital angles is comparatively shorter. It is in consequence of this difference that both species present an entirely different outer appearance. The front is more granular in 7. Larnawdii, and less profoundly emarginate ; the postfrontal crest, of which at least the external portions are straight and entire in 7. Stoliczkana, pro- ceeding continuously and uninterruptedly to the epibranchial teeth, is in Z. Larnaudit much more interrupted not only in its inner or epigastric, but also in its external portions, which are not prolonged in an uninterrupted line to the epibranchial teeth. In my figure of the Sumatran 7. Larnaudii this latter character has unfortunately not been correctly represented. In 7, Lar- naudit the antero-lateral and epigastric regions are more trans- versely rugose, and the inflected subhepatic and pterygostomian regions, which are smooth or nearly smooth in 7. Stoliczkana, are covered in the former with numerous oblique and transverse rugose lines. The largest specimen of 7. Stoliczkana in the Collection, a male, is 52 millim. broad and 39 millim. long (the abdomen not included), the proportion of the length to the breadth being as 3:4, the same as in Wood-Mason’s typical specimens. T. Stoliczkana was discovered at Penang, and is a species proper to the islands which are situated near the western coast of the Malayan peninsula. 96 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS 63. TecpHusa Cattiantra, n. sp. (PI. VI. figs. 1-3.) (Compared with the type specimen of Yelphusa grapsotdes, White, and with the type specimens of 7. hydrodromus, Herbst, T. Jagori, v. Mart., and T. subquadrata, Gerst., which are pre-— served respectively in the British Museum and inthe Museum at Berlin.) Fifteen specimens (eight g, seven 2) of this pretty little Telphusa are in the Collection; thirteen of which were collected in the mangrove-swamps of Kisseraing Island, the two others in Sullivan Island. This new species is closely allied to the previous species, and, I presume, also to 7. angustifrons, A. M.-Edw., a species inhabiting Cape York. It belongs to the group in which the postfrontal ridge is interrupted not only in the middle by the median frontal furrow, but also on each side of the latter in the middle, and again near the lateral margins ; so that the two median portions are more advanced than, and wholly separated from, the lateral, which do not reach the epibranchial tooth. The cephalothorax is rather narrow, though broader than long. The proportion of the distance between the epibranchial teeth to the length of the cephalothorax (the abdomen being excluded) is about 16:14, both in the male and in the female. The cephalothorax presents, its maximum of breadth immediately behind the epibranchial teeth ; so that the anterior half of the lateral margins is slightly convex outwards and the posterior faintly concave. The upper surface of the carapace is rather depressed and flattened; anteriorly it is somewhat convex, and the front is almost vertically deflexed downwards. In the female the upper surface is a little more convex. The front is of moderate breadth; the breadth of its anterior margin is in proportion to the distance of the epibranchial teeth almost as 6 to 16, so that the front measures a little more than a third of the distance of the epibranchial teeth. The anterior margin of the front, which is nearly straight, pre- sents only a very slight median sinus, and is almost at a right angle with the upper margins of the orbits. In TZ. hydro- dromus, Herbst, however (a species inhabiting the island of Ceylon, and closely allied to our Z. Callianira), these angles are very oblique and rounded, according to Dr. Hilgendorf, who kindly compared for me this species with all the Zel- phuse of the Zoological Museum of Berlin. Dr. Hilgendort CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 97 informed me then that the Mergui Zelphusa was not represented in the Museum*. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is minutely punctate. The front is somewhat granular between the orbits. Besides the median frontal furrow, which divides as usual the postfrontal ridge, and the arcuate median portion of the cervical suture, which separates the gastric from the cardiac region, no other inter- regional grooves are found on the upper surface; nevertheless on each side of the gastric region the upper surface is somewhat impressed in an oblique direction, from the epibranchial tooth towards the mesogastric region ; by these impressions the gastric region is separated from the epibranchial portions of the upper surface. The branchial regions are hardly at all inflated. The postfrontal ridge is distinctly indicated and interrupted, not ouly by the median frontal furrow, but also at each side of the latter, in the middle, and near the lateral margins, The two median or internal portions, which are somewhat transversely rugose anteriorly, and which are separated from one another by the median frontal furrow, are a little more advanced than the lateral portions, from which they are completely separated. These lateral ridges are scarcely broader than the median, and are nearly straight and directed towards the epibranchial teeth, whereas the median portions are slightly arcuate. The lateral portions, however, are not continued as far as the epibranchial teeth, but are interrupted at some distance from them. Imme- diately behind that interruption, on each side of the upper surface, a short oblique rugose line is observed. The orbital margins are smooth and entire; the flattened external angles of the orbits are nearly right angles, and are therefore scarcely acute. The ex- ternal margin of the cephalothorax, between the external angle of the orbits and the epibranchial tooth, is smooth and entire. The epibranchial tooth is acute and prominent; and the lateral margins of the cephalothorax behind it are marked with many oblique piliferous lines. I may further add that the gastric region appears sometimes minutely rugose, mmmediately behind the post- * Gerstacker and Hilgendorf suppose that Telphusa hydrodromus, Herbst, is identical with 7. grapsoides, White. ‘To me, however, the latter appears to be distinct from the former species. In YF. grapsoides the distance between the epibranchial teeth is almost exactly the length of the cephalothorax, whereas in T. hydrodromus the breadth is in proportion to the length as 16:13. LINN. JOURN.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. XXII. 7 98 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS frontal ridge, when examined undera lens, The convex ptery- gostomian regions are slightly granular, and the inflected sides of the cephalothorax are marked with some oblique elevated lines. The outer surface of the ischium-joint of the external maxillipeds presents an impressed longitudinal line, to which Mr. Hilgendorf first directed attention as a character serving to distinguish the species of this genus. In 7. Callianira this line is situated about the middle of the joint, and-is directed a little obliquely, so that it almost coincides with a diagonal uniting the internal angle of the anterior margin of the joint with the external angle of the _ posterior margin. The outer surface of this joint is minutely punctate. In Z hydrodromus this impressed line is situated much closer to the internal margin of the joint. The outer surface of the sternum and of the abdomen is faintly punctate. The male abdomen has a characteristic form. It gradually and rather rapidly narrows towards the posterior margin of the penultimate joint ; the latter is nearly quadrate, and as long as broad at the posterior margin, its lateral margins being nearly straight. The terminal joint is distinctly longer than broad at its base; it is rounded at the tip, and the lateral margins are slightly concave immediately behind the middle of the joint, which therefore presents a characteristic form. In ZT. hydro- dromus the penultimate joint is broader than long. T. Callianira belongs to the small species of the genus; in the adult ova-bearing female specimen the distance between the epibranchial teeth measures only 15 millim. The anterior legs are very unequal, especially in the male; and the larger chelipede is found either on the right or on the left side. The outer surface and the upper margin of the arm are somewhat transversely rugose, and the anterior margin is some- what granular. The upper surface of the wrist is slightly rugose towards the external and internal margins; the latter is armed at the internal angle with an acute tooth. The larger hand is about as long (the fingers included) as the breadth of the cephalo- thorax, and twice as long as high (the fingers included). The palm itselfis but little longer than high at the base of the fingers ; its outer surface is convex, smooth, and slightly punctate, like the inner surface, and the upper and under margins are rounded. The lower finger is slightly deflexed, and the mobile finger is slightly arcuated, leaving a hiatus when closed ; both fingers are CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUL ARCHIPELAGO. 99 feebly toothed, the teeth of the index being the larger. The mobile finger is nowhere longitudinally grooved, but appears minutely granular when examined under a lens; the index pre- sents a slight longitudinal groove on its outer surface, and the pointed tips cross one another. The smaller hand of the male measures only two thirds of the length of the larger hand, and the upper margin of the palm is a little granular or rugose. The fingers of the smaller hand are distinctly longer than the palm; and they meet along the whole length of their inner margins, and do not at all gape; they have pointed crossing tips ; and both fingers are slightly longitu- dinally grooved, and appear minutely granular along these grooves. The inner margins are feebly toothed. I may observe that in the larger hand of young male specimens the fingers are less gaping and the palm appears slightly granular on its upper margin. The anterior legs of the female are much smaller than those of the male, and are also somewhat unequal, although never differing so much from one another as do those of the male. The wrist presents a more rugose upper surface. The hands are similar to the smaller hand of the male as regards their outer appearance, the fingers being slightly longer than the palm and meeting along their whole inner margins. The palm of the larger hand appears slightly granular on its outer surface, and the palms of both hands on their upper margins. The fingers have pointed tips, and are feebly denticulated along their inner margins, and in the fingers of the smaller hand of the male they are faintly lon- gitudinally grooved and minutely granular along the margins of these grooves. The ambulatory legs present the usual slender form, and are similar to those of 7. Stoliczkana except that their dacty- lopodites, the outer and inner surfaces of which are quite smooth and plain, or scarcely convex, never present any traces of lon- gitudinal grooves or ridges, and are, moreover, less tapered towards their tips, and therefore somewhat obtuse, as the spines with which their joints are armed are continued close to their tips. 1 bas 100 DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS Dimensions of the two largest specimens :— millim. millim, Length of the cephalothorax (the abdomen Excluded) iso sc cei ie erin eae eee enone Ne le Distance between the external orbital piaked (ESPs MEO rao, Solo goa aaa aoe) 122 er Distance between the epibranchial teeth.. 153 143 Breadth of the anterior margin of the front 52 53 Length of thelarger hand ............ 16 i Height of the larger hand (at base of the SE) POS a Go sns Cao oo abo oosS 8 As Dr. Anderson kindly compared this species for me with the (single) type specimen of White’s Telphusa grapsoides preserved in the British Museum. Telphusa grapsoides has a more square cephalothorax, the length of which is nearly equal to the distance between the epibranchial teeth, and the front is more prolonged forwards. The anterior or internal (median) portion of the post- frontal ridge is very feebly, if at all, marked in White’s species, but the posterior or external portion presents the same form and direction in both species. The dimensions of the type specimen of White’s Z. grapsoides are as follows :— millim, Length of the cephalothorax (abdomen excluded) 16 Distance between the external orbital angles.... 1383 Distance between the epibranchial teeth........ 164 Breadihnvor therkrontrie o> sede + ook eee 6 Telphusa grapsoides, which I have never seen, inhabits the Philippine Islands. Telphusa levis, Wood-Mason, from Central India, is also more or less similar to this species, but differs from it in its more enlarged cephalothorax, the different form of the abdomen of the male, &e. 64, TELPHUSA CARINIFERA, n.sp. (Pl. VI. figs. 4 & 5.) The Collection contains a third species of the genus Telphusa, a single male specimen of which was coilected in Elphinstone Island Bay. Dr. Hilgendorf, who kindly compared it for me with the species CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 101 of Telphuse in the Zoological Museum of Berlin, informed me that it was not represented in that Museum. Though closely allied to 7. Oallianira, it is distinguished from it at first sight by the more enlarged front and, probably even from all other Lelphuse, by the remarkable structure of the postfrontal ridge. The outer appearance of the cephalothorax is very similar to that of Telphusa Callianira, being rather narrow, although broader than long, and having the epibranchial regions scarcely if at all inflated. The proportion of the distance between the epi- branchial teeth to the length of the cephalothorax (the abdomen not included) is as 16:18, so that the carapace is comparatively a little broader than that of Telphusa Callianira. The upper surface is rather depressed; anteriorly it is very declivous and the front is strongly deflexed. The proportion of the distance between the epibranchial teeth to the breadth of the anterior margin of the front is as 16:73, so that the front is almost half as broad as the distance between the epibranchial teeth. The anterior margin of the front presents a wide but very shallow median sinus. As in the preceding species, the frontal margin forms a right angle with the upper margins of the orbits, and the upper surface of the front is somewhat granular. The upper surface of the carapace has nearly the same structure as that of 7. Callianira. The postfrontal ridge is interrupted in the middle by the median frontal furrow, and again on each side at some distance from the epibranchial teeth; the two median (or internal) portions are therefore, as in the preceding Species, more advanced than the lateral, from which they are completely separated. The anterior or median portions of the ridge, which occupy as usual the epigastric lobes, do not con- stitute a single ridge, but are composed of four or five smaller, parallel, rugose elevated lines. The lateral portions, however, are ridge-like and directed towards the epibranchial teeth; but are not continued so far, as they are interrupted at some distance from the lateral margins. As in 7. Callianira, one or two rugose lines are observed immediately behind the interruption. This species therefore probably differs from all other Zelphuse by the occurrence of two accessory median ridges immediately behind the postfrontal ridge, z.e. at some distance behind the internal or median portions of the latter, one on each side of the median frontal furrow. These ridges are not continued behind the lateral 102: DR. J. G. DE MAN ON THE PODOPHTHALMOUS portions of the postfrontal ridge. As in Z. Callianira, the upper surface of the cephalothorax presents on each side a transverse, somewhat oblique impression behind the lateral portions of the postfrontal ridge; these impressions are bordered posteriorly on each side by a transverse elevated line, which proceeds from the external margin of the epibranchial tooth towards the meso- gastric region. The orbital margins are smooth andentire. The external angles of the orbits are but little prominent, and the external margin of these angles appears smooth and entire. The epibranchial tooth is about as prominent as that of 7. Callia- nira. Behind this tooth the lateral margins of the cephalothorax are marked with numerous, oblique, piliferous elevated lines. The posterior margin of the cephalothorax, which is somewhat concave in 7. Callianira, is perfectly straight in this species. The posterior half of the upper surface is somewhat punctate, and the gastric region is minutely rugose behind the six ridges or ridge-like elevations with which the cephalothorax is marked anteriorly. The pterygostomian regions and the inflected sides of the carapace are faintly rugose. As regards the outer foot-jaws, the characteristic longitudinal impressed line, which in many species is found on the outer surface of the ischium-joint, is completely wanting in this species. The male abdomen is triangular and less narrowed towards the terminal half than in Z. Callianira. The lateral margins of the penultimate jomt are somewhat converging towards the anterior margin of this jomt, the posterior margin of which is much broader than long. The terminal segment, which is rounded at the tip, and the lateral margins of which are slightly concave, is about as long as broad at its base. As the smaller chelipede is wanting, I can only describe the larger one. The arm and the wrist present the same structure as in 7. Callianira; the hand also much resembles that of the preceding species, but the lower finger is not at all deflexed. The fingers are distinctly shorter than the palm, which has the outer and inner surfaces quite smooth and convex; the under margin of the palm is rounded and smooth, the upper margin is minutely granular. The mobile finger is slightly arcuated, gaping, and minutely granular above; both fingers are grooveless, the index scarcely presenting any trace of a longitudinal groove near the tip. In their denticulation the fingers wholly agree CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 103 with those of 7. Callianira, and the under margin of the lower finger is minutely granular near the tip. The ambulatory legs are unfortunately wanting, except the left leg of the last pair; this leg closely resembles the corresponding leg of 7. Callianira, but the propodite is comparatively a little shorter and broader. The dactylopodite is flattened and not grooved or ridged. Dimensions :— millim, Length of the cephalothorax ................ 10% Distance between the epibranchial teeth ...... 13% Distance between the external orbital angles.... 113 Length of the larger hand (fingers included).... 104 ler hinote be band) |, frps otal eles 143 Menothvoruuerehelipedes tp se err errr tiie 33 iLeneth ot therarm iano nc isk. oe sie hu eal te 133 enethi ofthe dnamdy (cruise eeaekee ene ne 143 Wengthvort the spallinatns. ccc ote eerie 93 Myra punctata has hitherto been recorded from the Philippine Islands, the shores of Celebes (Miers), and Cape Grenville (Australia). Family Doripprpa. Genus Doriprr, Latr. 115. DorIpPE QUADRIDENS, abr. Dorippe quadridens, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. p. 361; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, t. i. p. 156; de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Coie tacea, p. 121, Taf. xxxi. fig. 3. A single male specimen was collected. Dorippe quadridens, Fabr., is a common species, and is dis- tributed throughout the Indian Ocean, the Malayan Archipelago, along the coasts of Australia, and in the seas of China and Japan. 116. Doripre, sp. A very young specimen in the Collection appears to be allied to D. granulata, de Haan, with which, however, I do not venture to identify it, as I do not know whether D. granulata occurs in the Bay of Bengal. CRUSTACEA OF THE MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO. 207 Tribe ANOMURA. Family Dromip11p#. Genus Dromipta, Stimps. 117. Dromrpia UNIDENTATA, Riipp., var. (Pl. XIV. figs. 4,5.) Dromia unidentata, Riippell, Beschreibungen und | japonica, 215. INDEX, Porcellana Lamarchii, 214. ° picta, 220, 223. pulchella, 218. rugosa, 217. sculpta, 218. Porcellanella, 220. picta, 220, 221. triloba, 221. Porcellanide, 212. Portunide, 69. Portunus, 69. Amphitrite, 70. Andersoni, 70, 71. amnulatus, 83. arcuatus, 75. argentatus, 70. crenatus, 79. crucifer, 79. gladiator, 69, 70, 72. gracilimanus, 70. hastatoides, 71, 73. lucifer, 83. medius, 70. Neptunus, 69. pelagicus, 69. rugosus, 71, 72. Pseudoearcinus, 36. Belangeri, 36. Rumphii, 36. Pseudograpsus, 149. albus, 149. Pseudophilyra, 198. Hoedtii, 198. Melita, 199. orbicularis, 199. Perryi, 200. Pseudorhombila, 88, 89. sulcatifrons, 93. var. australiensis, 93. Pseudosquilla, 296. Cerisii, 296, 297, 299. Lessonii, 296, 298, 299, Pilaensis, 296, 297. Ptychognathus, 149. pilipes, 149. Pyrula, 237, 242. Pyxidognathus, 148. Deianira, 168. Deldemi, 148. granulosus, 148, 149, Ranella, 242. Rhaconotus, 153. crenulatus, 153, 156. | Schizophrys, 20. aspera, 20. Scopimera, 129, 137, 138. transversa, 221, 222, 233, dll 312 Seopimera globosa, 1386, 140. inflata, 188, 142. tuberculata, 141. Scyllaride, 261. Seyllarus, 261. orientalis, 261. Sesarma, 168. affinis, 168, 173. Andersont, 172. aspera, 169, 174. atrorubens, 189, 192. Aubryi, 168. bidens, 171, 175, 176, Dussumieri, 175, 177. Edwardsii, 185, 188-191. var. erassimana, 185. 18s. erythrodactyla, 168, 169. guttata, 175, 176, 179. Alaswelli, 171, 175-177. intermedia, 181, 182. Kraussi, 193-195. Lafondi, 181, 187. livida, 175, 179, 180. longipes, 193-195. Mederi, 181. Melissa, 170. oblonga, 189. picta, 168, 171, 172, 186. polita, 189. quadrata, 168-170, Wye AKT ea, rotundata, 189, 192. rotundifrons, 181. sinensis, 181, 183, 185. teniolata, 181, 187, 191. tetragona, 181-183, 187. angulata, 168, 169, 173. vestita, 172. Squilla, 295. chiragra, 299. harpax, 296. levis, 295, 296. nepa, 295, 296. oratoria, 295. raphidea, 296. Stomatopoda, 295. 179. Telphusa, 94. angustifrons, 96. Callianira, 96, 98, 101-103. INDEX. Telphusa carinifera, 100. grapsoides, 96, 97. hydrodromus, 96-98. indica, 94, 95. Jagori, 96. levis, 100. Larnaudii, 94, 95. Stoliczkana, 94, 95, 99. subquadrata, 96. Thalamita, 73. ' Admete, 73, 74. caeruleipes, '78. crenata, 78, 79. crucifera, 79. Dane, 78. integra, 74 picta, 77. Poisson, Prymna, Savignyi, 73, 74. Sima, 79. spinimana, 76-78. Stimpsoni, 78. Thalamonyx, 75. Dane, 75, 78. gracilipes, T5 78% (oe é 75. Thalassina, 260. anomala, 260. seorpionides, 260. Thalassinids, 260. Thenus, 261. orientalis, 261. Trapezia, 69. Cymodoce, 69. dentata, 69. Tridacna, 106. erocea, 106. gigas, 106. Turbo, 255. Xanthasia, 106. murigerd, LOG, 107. White, 107. Xantho, 30. distinguendus, 31. impressus, 30. nudipes, 34. Xiphonectes, 70. END OF THE TWENTY-SECOND VOLUME. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, PLENT STRERT. Mergui Exped. : Lunn. Soc. Journ. Zoou. Vou.XXIL, Px. DE De Man. : — as 1, 2.DOCLEA ANDERSONI. 8,4. HYASTENUS HILGENDORFI. Berjeau & Highley bth 5,6. HARROVIA ELEGANS. Mintern imp. Bee Breed, linn.Soc. Journ. Zoon.Vou. XXII. P.2. S nat suze, tS fA T Ve Man. 1. MYOMENIPPE GRANULOSA. (2,8) ACTUMNUS NUDUS. Berjeau & Highley lith @, S})EURYCARCINUS MACULATUS. intern imp Mergui Exped. Linn. Soc. Journ. Zoou. Vou. XXII. Pu. d. D? De Man. 1,2. HETEROPANOPE INDICA 3,4.H. EUCRATOIDES. Crowther lth. 5,6. PELUMNUS ANDERSONI. Mintern imp. Mergni Exped. ) Linw. Soc. Journ. Zoo. Vou. XAll. Pu. 4. ; DF De Man es Michael lith. Mintern amp. 1,2. PILUMNUS LAVIS. 3,4. NEPTUNUS ANDERSONI. 5,6. THALAMITA PRYMNA. 7.T. SPINIMANA. 8,9. T. DANA. aa Mergui Exped. lina. Soc. Journ. Zoon Vou. XX. Pi. 6. |. GONIOSOMA CRUCIFERUM. 2.G.AFFINE. 3)4 GMERGUIENSE Michael th. RATE AFFINIS. Mintern imp. Mergur Exped. Crowther Jith 3. fe een es Bipods ert a8 Shy GUNN. DOG. JOURN. ZOOL VGr TEE TEN DY De fan. TELPHUSIA CALLIANIRA. 6-9, PINNOTHERES 4-5. 1. CARIMIPE BDWARDS!. XI Bia < D sire, = onl Mintern imp. sASIMUS DUSSUMIERI. 8-2. D. ACUTUS. VAC. SUZE . h Jou XM j 2O1.. € L NN. Soc. dourn. il IE a] G 1 XANTHASIA Sp?. 2-7. Crowther lith. Mergui Exped Linn. Soc. Journ. Zoou. Vou. XX. PL.8. RE pee ean ate ie we oak S$ ACUTUS. 5-7. G ANNULIPES. 8-ll.G TRIANGULARIS. Michael det. 12-14. MACROPHTHALMUS ERATO. Mintern. imp. ‘Mergui Exped. Linn. Soc. Journ. Zoon. Vou. XXIL. Px. 9. DP De Man. 1-3. DOTILLA BREVITARSIS 4-6.D INTERMEDIA. 7. D.SULCATA. Michael th. 8-10. DIOXIPPE ORIENTALIS. 1. METOPOGRAPSUS MESSOR. Muntern inp. Mergur Exped : ] JINN. Soc “ Jou RN. Loo Vor. : XXL. let, 10 o nari fee ~ a) | a 6 Key, nab, SUZe. Michael: hth. \ I- 3. METOPOGRAPSUS MACULATUS: ~ Mintern imp. 4-6, PYXIDOGNATHUS DEIANIBA. 7-2. METAPLAX DISTINCTUS. Mergui Exped. Linn. Soc. Journ. Zoon. Vou. XXII. Pr. J. = D® De Man Michsel lith. Mintern imp. 1-3.METAPLAX DENTIPES. 4-6. M.ELEGANS. 7-9.M.INTERMEDIUS. Jann Soc. Journ. Zoon. Vor. XXII. Px. 12. Growther ith 1-4, SESARMA ANDERSONI. Mintern imp, LInn.Soc.dourRN. Zoon. Vou. XXII. Puls. ; ; ; DE De Man... 1-4. SESARMA EDWARDSI. 5, 6.S.EDWARDSI var. CRASSIMANA. Crowther hth. 7-9. 5 POLITA. 10. CLISTOCOELOMA MERGUIENSE, Mmtern imp. Mergui Exped. LINN. Soc. JOURN. Zool Vou XXII. Pise 14. a ten AA DY De Man. 1-3. SESARMA KRAUSS| 4 5.DROMIDIA UNIDENTATA. Crowther lith. @-2, 1D CRANTONUDES Mintern imp. Crowther: ith. Linw. Soc. Journ. oor. Vou. XXIl. Pilé i-3. PORCELLANA EUPBROSYNE. Minbern amp, S S 4-6. DIOGENES MERGUIENSIS. 7-9. D, MILES. Ber gai Exped. Lusw. Soc. Journ. Zoon. Vor XXL Pub. 4 1 5 4 3 q j bi gf 4 ad wai. Michael del, Mintern imp. , i-5, CLIBANARIUS PADAVENSIS. 6-8.GEBIOPSIS INTERMEDIA. Mergui Exped. Linn. Soc. Journ. Zoox Vou XXL. Pi. 17, = se Te y Pee yrEET a SIR ik Michael lith. D? De Man del. Mintern imp. 1-5. ALPHEUS HIPPOTHOE.. 6-10. HARPILIUS MIERS1. - Linn. Soc. Journ. Loox. Vou. XXIL. Pu. 18. ~ Mergui Exped. ee ATeKTINS TI pam yy ae Aso eserrey, rete aia SOVASEELEC reer dc buddies ines cTsrAy age hs DP De Mar del. ; 7. PALAAMON ACUTIRGOSTRIS. Mintern Imp. eae nnd sae 7 The Ons OniGOMON, 1-6. HIPE Michael lith. 8.PENAUS MERGUIENSIS., ’ Michael lth ine Sec.Jeuear Zoe Wer 0 Ee Oy, De Man del. F Mintern imp. PENAUS LYSIANASSA. nT