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Comprising 4 parts and containing 1 plate and 1 map. No. No. , .1. Pages 1 to 88, issued December 21st., 1921. Edited by Malcolm Smith and W. J. F. Williamson. . 2. Pages 89 to 218, issued October 25th., 1923. Edited by Malcolm Smith and W. J. F. Williamson. 3. Pages 219 to 397, issued September 24th., 1924. Edited by Malcolm Smith and E, J. Godfrey. 4. Index and Title Page, issued June 20th., 1931, Edited by A. Kerr, i ee’ “tet js a aoa. tg Are t ate ee eee , : a re cs pe FARE ee : 4 a Ne anniv 4 : PEER O TRAN TF YHoTE IARU TAN a0) iH & é;, - a i y3- 19345 2- Feb 2s” . gh. ; a ° ony. ) oy = ny . oy as a ay Fire at iat a Wals {i . ’ f ¥ a 4 2 < e 2 » ; 2 hye hee ~ 5 1 — 1+" 4, fs ° i vm ¢ Mi A = a 7 ar Aina ta] at } a Y p ies } srs ' iit" tate i d jee. ‘ £ Vor sys: i - ‘A | — @ ae ‘1 ia Lite 1 ti oth fe te 4s iv a Pak ri ~ a 4 a, ; De ae ’ G , ore) 7 ¢ Ow: oy Aves : 7 . ‘riy os yrtiaet a if ‘v4 a uae y, ei an Ee eas = a Ph bane | a a: y CONTENTS OF VOLUME V. PAGE. THE Birps or SouTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM By H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss x ae 1 «59. 92(59,3) / Plate I Caloperdia oculea swmatrana and Caloperdix oculea oculea ... oe ee Map of Peninsular Siam At end NOTE. In the pretace to the present volume, written in 1921, it was stated that in addition to an account of the Birds of South-west and Peninsular Siam one of the Mammals also would be prepared by Mr. H. C. Robinson and myself. The final part on the birds was issued in September 1924 and thereafter circumstances rendered it impossible for my late colleague and myself to collaborate on the projected accounts of the mammals, or for one or other of us to prepare it by himself. The report on the Birds is sufficiently lengthy to form by itself a volume, which, I understand, will be closed with the issue of an index. Since the report was completed there have been a few additions to the fauna of the area dealt with, two or three birds have been separated, with new names, as distinct local races; and there have been a number of changes in the nomenclature we used—this last a change to which the names of birds, more or less all over the world, are now being subject. One list of addenda and corrigenda has already been printed (pp. 209--218), but I do not propose to offer another as the necessary alterations should be fairly obvious to the ornithologist who keeps himself au fait with current literature, } Singapore, 13th November, 1930. C. BopEN K1oss. EDITORIAL NOTE. The first three numbers of this volume were published by the Natural History Society of Siam. The fourth, or index number, is published by the Siam Society, with which the Natural History Society amalgamated in 1925. CORRECTION TO KEYS. Laridae. Page 47. Numbers in right-hand margin :— for 12, 15, 11 read respectively 11, 12, 15. Limicolae, Page 55. Transpose Limosa limosa melanwroides and Limosa lapponica novae-zelandiae. Campephagidae. Page 245. Numbers in right-hand margin :— for 6 read 4, for 5 read 6, for 4 read 5, for 3 read 9, for 19 read 12, for 12 read 15, for 15 read 13. For other corrections see ‘Addenda and Corrigenda’ pp. 209—218. THE JOURNAL OF THE Natural History Society of Siam. Ghee Wace Dwar de Date of publication, Dee. 21st, 1921. EDITED BY Maleolm A. Smith and. W. J. F. Williamson. Price toe: Members, 5 ; Tes. 2.50 Price to Non-Members, TT 8. 5.00 AGENTS :—WITHERBY & Co, 326 High Horporn, LonDOoN, PREFACE. Volume V. of this Journal will be devoted to the Fauna of South-west and Peninsular Siam. It will give an account, as complete as possible, of the Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Batrachians of that ~vegion. The numbers comprising it will be issued concurrently with the usual publication of the Society, but for the sake of convenience in reference, they will be retained as a separate volume. |The account of the Mammals and Birds has been undertaken by Messrs. Robinson and Kloss, that of the Reptiles and Batrachians by Dr. Malcolin Smith. The region under survey is a long narrow strip of country running due north and south for nearly 500 miles, At its createst breadth it is barely 100 miles across, at its narrowest it is less than 20. To the north of it lies Siam proper, to the south the Malay Penin- sula. Siam, however, with its definite seasons, and annual six months of drought, has a very different climate from that of the Peninsula where the temperature and rainfall hardly vary from month to month, Each country has thus a distinctive fauna of its own, and ‘the transitional area from one to the other occurs in the region which has been detined as South-west and Peninsular Siam. THE EDITORS. THE JOURNAL OF THE Natural History Society of Siam. iy Reais: Volume _ V. Number 1. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM, BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THE BIRDS OF SIAM FROM THE HEAD OF THE GULF OF SIAM TO THE MALAYAN BORDER, WITH REFERENCES TO THE RECORDED OCCURRENCES AND A KEY TO THE INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. By Herpert C. RoBinson, C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U., Director of Museums, Federated Malay States, AND Ceci BopEN Koss, -.ZS., M.B.0.U., Assistant Director of Museums, Federated Malay States. (With a map). INTRODUCTION By HERBERT C. Ropinson. The Kingdom of Siam from a zoological point of view contains such a mixture of diferent faunas that, unless dealt with in the most elaborate detail, any general list of its avifauna will convey little of zoogeographical value. In the extreme south its fauna is almost exclusively Malayan. Further north, to the west of the Chao Praya river, it is ideatical with that of Tenasserim, while that of the N.W. and the neighbourhood of Chiengmai approximates to the dry zone of Burma and the Shan States. The extreme N. and N.E., which are least known, probably contains a certain proportion of Yunnanese birds. The central and eastern portions of the Kingdom are the only areas which contain forms that may be claimed as distinctively Siamese, and, with a few notable exceptions, these forms are not strongly different- iated. The fauna of S.E. Siam, as shown by the collections made by one of us, is, as might be expected, largely Cambodian and French Indo-Chinese, (Ibis 1915, pp. 718-761). 2 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON It will therefore be found that the total number of species of birds found in Siam will vastly exceed the corresponding lists for the Malay Peninsula, burma, and other surrounding countries, and will probably be not much less than 1,200-1,300 species. Of late yews much ornithological work has been done in Siam by Williamson, Gairdner, Herbert, Gyldenstolpe, Eisenhofer, barton and ourselves, and a considerable amount of literature on the subject has been published. No exhaustive faunal and regional lists have as yet been issued, with the exception of a List of the Birds of Bangkok by Williamson 1, and a general list of the Birds of Siam by Count Nyls Gyldenstolpe 2, and we have therefore thought it well to publish a full and detailed account ofthe birds of S. W. and Peninsular Siam, which we have defined as the portion of Siam south of the head of the Gulf of Siam. As regards Peninsular Siam—that portion of the country south of the Isthmus of Kra or Pakchan river—we can claim that our list is almost complete: exc!uding whatever new forms may be found in the Nakorn range, no new additions are likely to be made other than casual migrants, small owls and frogmouths, and other nocturnal birds whose capiure is always a matter of chance, and common southern Malayan birds of which actual specimens, for some reason or other, may not be in the possession of our own or other museums, For the northern portion of the area, from the Gulf of Siam to the Pakchan river, 1. e., 8. W. Siam, we do not c!aim any such completeness, though even in this section we do not think that the number of species that will ultimately be added to the list will preve large or of great importance. Some statement may be given as to material on which this paper is founded. Since 1901 one or other, or both of us, as, well as parties of the collectors attached to the F. M.S. Museums, have collected over the southern portion of the area, and the collections made have numbered several thousand skins. A considerable number of these are in the Bristish Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, and a few 4 . . at Tring, but the bulk remain with us and must outnumber very 1. Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vols. i and ii. 2. Ibis, 1919. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 3 many times all other collections made in the area. We have also had the advantage from time to time of examining collections made by Mr. Williamson and Mr. Herbert and their collectors, but the number so dealt with has not been large. A word is necessary as to the general plan of the paper. From considerations of expense and time it has not been thought necessary or desirab'e to lish all the specimens examined of every form included by us. Only those specimens, therefore, some 1500 in number, which were collected on our last expedition from January— April 1919, are listel. These specimens were all carefully measured in the flesh, which has not been th» case with previous collections. The dimensions given are in the same order as the specimens are listed in. As our publication is intended to be exhaustive to date, it has been thought desirable to give as fully as possib'e all records of ozeurrences in the area. Synonymic and taxonomical references are as far as possible omitted. As articles on the area are few in number, but have constantly to be referred to, it has been found to be a saving of space to denote each by a capital, A. B. C., ete, after the first. The full references of the whole series are printed at the foot of each page. We have adopted this ingenious p!an from Mr. Stanley Kemp’s “Catalogue of the Scientific Serial Publications in the Principal Libraries of Calcutta.” (Calcutta, 1918). In a certain number of cases where we are convinced that a form must occur in the area, though it has not been recorded, we have added it to our list. Such species are distinguished, apart from any context, by having no serial number attached. It is hoped that the keys may be of use to those wishful of identifying birds from this region. There are, as a rule, so few species to each genus that it has been found simpler to combine the keys into one for each family: it must be understood that these are strictly artificial and will only work against the species in our list, It has been found undesirable to attempt to provide primary keys for the orders and families. These it-is hoped will not be found necessary, it being presumed that the majority of persons into whose hands this VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 4 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON publication is likely to fall will have some slight knowledge of orni- thology. We have as far as possible made use of trinomials through- out. In those cases in which binomials appear, it is not because we are assured that a species does not vary, but merely because we are not in a position to decide whether such is, or is not, the case. Nor are we yet preparel to subscribe to the theory that identical subspecies may occur in widely separated localities between which other forms occur. It is true that, especially in the case of certain South Indian and Malayan forms, there are cases that appear to support this theory” but diligent examination will generally disclose points of difference, even if extremely slight, which are generally constant. Similar anomalies occur among certain bats and lemurs inhabiting islands on opposite sides of the Malay Peninsula. We have been conservative in the matter of genera and have not adopted several recent emendations, though we confess we have no logical defence for not doing it. ; We have described elsewhere 1, on admittedly slight grounds, certain new forms that have occurred to us in the writing of thie paper and have, as it may appear to some people, possibly unreason- ably, questioned the reality of others already described; but in all cases we have given our arguments. It is hoped that the map accompanying this paper will prove useful, while the following short description of some of the principal collecting stations, as visited by us, may prove of interest (see also Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. x, Part 2, 1920, pp. 66-80). — Places visited on the Present Expedition: January 28— April 28, 1919. PuLtau Mowea or Putau Tupat. A twin island with a shallow and narrow dividing strait. The western island rocky and with tall cliffs to the south and west: the eastern island lower and more flat. Both islands heavily timbered in places. Situated on a coral bank of small extent in 20— 25 fathoms, about 20 miles off the coast of Trang. Very dry, with water-courses dried up at the time of our visit, though there is said to 1. Journ. F. M.S, Mus. x, part 3, 1921, pp. 203-213. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 5 be a waterfall from the top of the western island to the sea in wet weather, General formation, sandstone. We obtained little of interest: a new form of dwarfed Sciwrus caniceps, with representative races on each islet; green pigeon, Muscadivores aenea, Caloenas nicobarica; two species of sunbird ; and a mangrove flycatcher; while we saw crows and sea-eagles and heard a hawk-owl. We stayed here two nights. Kon PIpipon. A limestone island in Ghirbi Bay, near Puket, about ten miles from the shore, the eastern side fairly flat and covered with heavy jungle amongst which immense Aroids, 12-18 ft. high (Colocasia), were growing. The western side, a magnificent crag of variegated greyish limestone almost marble in parts: on this crag the vegetation was interesting but little was in flower. We noticed some large Dracaene, Euphorbia quadrangularis and masses of the huge orchid, Stawropsis gigas Bentham. We obtained little of interest—a new squirrel, a bat or two and a few common birds; and noted, but did not obtain, two species of Collocalia and Hirwndo badia. JUNK SEYLON or PUKET or TONGKA. Three hours steam from Koh Pipidon. On the present occasion we stayed three days coaling and taking in water, which was bad and hard to obtain; but did not collect, as the island had been thoroughly worked by a party of ours the year previously. We noted vultures in numbers (Psewdogyps bengalensis) feeding on offal ia the town, and one or two King Vultures (Otogyps calvus) outside the actual town. PANG-NGA OR PUNGA. On our way north we visited Pang-nga, at the head of the bay, and some miles up a muddy river lined with mangrove and dotted here and there with limestone rocks. The town is_ pictur- esquely situated between tall limestone cliffs, with a clear rippling stream running between, but had recently been burnt down. On its outskirts was a cool and shady Wat or Siamese temple. On our way north we ‘passed through the straits separating VOLS V;-NO.; -1,, 1921. 6 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Tongka and the mainland, only two hundred yards wide and, according to the Admiralty Sailing Directions, reported to have a bar dangerous even to small craft such as ours, drawing little more than six feet of water. On this occasion the passage proved simple and we could have easily piloted our boat out ourselves, instead of, as it turned out, wasting an unnecessary and exorbitant fee on an ancient and decrepit Chinaman who took us over the shallows. TAKUATUNG, Our next stop was at Takuatung, a deep and sheltered inlet, where we collected on a hilly cape forming the west side of the inlet, the eastern shore being a long sweep of dazzling white sand, edged with noble casuarinas, while further inland the shores of the inlet degenerated into mangrove swamp. We stopped a couple of days and obtained two species new to the Malay Peninsula proper, viz, Pericrocotus peregrinus and Palwornis fusciata, Mammals were scarce and uninteresting. ‘TAKUAPAH. Some miles up the coast from Takuatung is Takuapah, an- other deep inlet. It has three entrances, but only the northernmost is safe and practicable at all seasons, the two other having dangerous bars, especially in the 8. W. monsoon. About thirty miles up the inlet and some miles up the small river, navigable to small steamers, lies the mining town of Takuapah, capital of the province of the same name which exports a considerable amount of tin. : We stopped for three days in the inlet, to the north of an island which forms what is marked as Kopah Head on the charts, and anchored next further up the inlet at Koh Rah, a small eminence surrounded by mangrove and, further inland, Metalewca trees. We obtained nothing of great interest in the inlet. Kon Yam Yar AND Kon Yam Not. Leaving Takuapah we spent a night in the channel between these two islands, about 2 miles in extent, marked on the chart as the “Sugar Loaves.” Nothing was obtained except Myna birds, Gracula javana, and Imperial pigeon, Museadivores aenea, though other birds exist. JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 7 De LisLE ISLAND. Really one of the Mergui Archipelago; a large island five or six miles square of undulating surface higher to the S. and W. We anchored about the centre of the northern ccast and spent a day collecting, the most interesting bird obtained being the Stone-plover (Hsacus magnirostris), previously obtainel by Kloss in another of the Mergui group and by myself in Bintang, Rhio Archipelago ; but not hitherto obtained within the limits of the Malay Peninsula. We also trapped a form of Rattws vociferans which we had not obtained on any of the smaller islands to the southward. RENONG RIVER. After a tortuous course of a few miles through narrow channels, with strong tides, which causel us some anxiety (as the pilot, whom we had brought from Penang, but had not had ocexasion to use hitherto, inspired us with no confidence; the few accidents that had happened to us in the last few years cruising in these little-charted waters having invariably taken place while the boat was in charge of one of these native gentry), we arrived at Renong anchorage, a small and inconvenient one, in very shallow water between a small islet and the mouth of the river which, at low tide, is reduced to a dirty ditch, A broad mud-bank was between us and the shore. We spent three or four days at Renong river, during which time our men collected on a small path of hilly jungle at the north of the river, but obtained nothing of great interest. In the meantime we were transacting necessary business with the Siamese Governor of the province, residing at Renong, some miles up the river. This town is of considerable importance as a supply centre for several large and prosperous tin dredging concerns—mostly Australian—which are working in the vicinity. We had here to arrange for firewood, which was dear and difficult to obtain: for water, which was exorbitant in price and abominable in quality: and for a pilot for the Pakchan, which in its upper course is encumbered with sand banks and rocks, On the present occasion, more by good luck than knowledge, the man whom we obtained through the Harbour Master, Renong, VOL) V5. NO; I, 1921. 8 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON conveyed us without grounding more than once or twice as far as the Amphur’s headquarters of Namchuk, beyond which he professed unable to go. VICTORIA POINT. During our stay at Renong we visited, on two occasions, Vic- toria Point, about 5 miles across the estuary. Victoria Point is the southernmost station of Burma, and is, or used to be, the head- quarters of an officer of the Burma Commission, but since the war has been in charge of a Sub-divisional officer. There is a small wire- less station at the top of the hill, which we visited. Since the working out of the Pearl beds, and the cessation of mining at Malewon, there is little activity of any kind in the place, and hardly anything is to be obtained in the way of stores. A little Para rubber is planted in the neighbourhood, notably on Victoria Island opposite the settlement. NAMCHUK. We left Victoria Point at about 10 a.im., and after one or two difficulties with shoals arrived at Namchuk, which is the seat of an Amphur or district officer, at about 4.380. Here we found the local popu- lation busy tidying up the place in preparation for a visit from the Lord-Lieutentant of the province, who was expected on a tour of inspection on the morrow. The neighbourhood of Namchuk is open country, mainly ricefields and village Jands, but we obtained a few - interesting birds including the rare eagle, Spizaetus nepalensis, and the beautiful harrier, Circws melanolewcus. Next day, as our pilot professed to be unable to take us further, we took the boat and prospected the river up to Tapli, distant about 10 miles, and found ample water as far as the foot of a small hill called Mamoh, though the depths were variable and there were rocks in mid-channel. We started next morning on the rising tide and reached Mamoh safely, though not without a nasty bump over a flat rock which put our hearts in our. mouths, but fortunately did no damage to our lightly-scantled craft. MAMOH. There is a small hill here with patches of evergreen jungle, on which we collected for a few days while re-sorting our outfit and mak- JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 9 ing ready for our land journeys, as we had decided to send back the launch. We got but little at Mamoh. TAPLI, We accordingly moved on to Tapli, the terminus of the road across the Isthums of Kra, where we met the Lord-Lieutenant who treated us with great courtesy. Here we found quarters in a large hard-wood house built originally for the King of Siam when travel- ling across the Peninsula. We stayed at Tapli longer than we anticipated though we obtain- ed a few species that we were anxious t9 possess fro.n this area, notably the broadbill, Serilophws lwnatus,and a specimen of the long-billed partridge, Rhizothera longirostris. After some difficulty we secured ten elephants, the only method of transport in this district, but we had loads for twenty, so that our men and equipment had to leave for Tasan, our next stopping place, distant about twelve miles and slight- ly on the eastern side of the Peninsular divide, in two detachments. Compared with Indian and Burmese elephants, we had always been accust»mel to consider the Malay elephant, as used in the north of the Federated Malay States, a poor and inefficient baggage carrier. An average animul can, however, be expected to carry a load of four to five pikuls* and do twelve to fourteen miles a day over ordinary country. The same is true of Patani and Bandon animals, though the howdahs and panniers are inconvenient for carrying light and mis- cellaneous loads. The local elephants, mostly from the province of Chumpon, were inferior creatures, with cranky and ill-devised panniers. Their mahouts protested vigorously if they were expected to carry more than 1$-2 pikuls, and I do not think there was one that took as much as three. Their only merit was that they would do a fairly long day’s march. For the last three years a cart road has been under construc- tion from Tapli (which is the highest navigable point on the Pakchan, for boats of moderate draught), to Chumpon on the Bangkok rail- way. The total length of the road is about 36 miles and the earth- * |] pikul=1333 Ibs. av. VOL.V, NO. 1, 1921. 10 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS CN work is now complete, while the road is also metalled in parts. Except for the fact that the bridges are temporary and much below the general level of the formation, the road wou'd even now be available for light motor cars in dry weather. For the last few months the work had been under the supervision of the Siamese Department of Ways, but it seems doubtful when the road will finally be open to traffic. The route practically follows the line of the Kra ship-canal—a project much mooted in the first half of the 19th century. ‘Though the summit level is low, less than 300 feet, the country is very rugged, and it does not require the eye of an engineer to see what a stupendous undertaking a sea-level canal would be, rivalling even the Panama Canal, while lack of adequate water would probably render a lock system impossible. The idea, however, has long entered the limbo of forgotten and chimerical projects and is not likely ever to be renewed. From Taph the road follows the river to the village of Pakchan through rice fields, a distance of some 24-3 miles. It then leaves cultivation and runs for some miles through dry, thorny and deciduous jungle, lacking in interest, until it reaches a narrow gorge, with a pleasant little stream purling through it, where the vegetation is more of au evergreen character. “This is maintained to the summit level, about ten miles from Tapli, and on to Tasan about a mile further. | TASAN. . Tasan, which is in the province of Chumpon and outside the Monthon of Puket in which we had hitherto been working, is pleasant- ly situated among low hills covered with evergreen forest at the confluence of two clear-water streams, and had been made his head- quarters by the Engineer-in-charge of the road, who - courteously _ assisted us in any ways. Here, by the banks of the lesser stream, in the shade of some large trees, we established a camp which was cool and pleasant and free from intrusion. We collected many interest- ing species of birds, mammals and reptiles, including the rare warbler, Tribura, the clouded leopard, Felis nebulosa, and the most northerly known specimen of the long-ncsed squirrel, Rhinosciwrus, JOURN. NAT. HIST."SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 11 while we added the reptilian genus, Tropidophorus, a scink of semi-aquatic habits, to the fauna of the Malay Peninsula. After exhausting the possibilities of this place we moved on to Chumpon, encountering the same difficulties about transport as we had from Tasan, but this time in an accentuated degree, as the distance to be traversed was greater and, as before, we had to use two detach- ments. We ourselves and most of our men walked, and though the distance, 22 miles, was comparatively trifling, we all agreed that we had se!dom undertaken a more trying march. The first few miles, through open and semi-deciducus forest in the early part of the day, was pleasant enough, but the last twelve or thirteen miles was through open country, utterly without shade, over a somewhat sandy road, in a temperature that approached, if it did not exceed, 100° F. We were never more delighted than when we saw in the distance the big iron girder bridge that carries the railway over the Chumpon river. We arrived at the Chumpon rest-house utterly exhausted. CHUMPON, Chumpon is a considerable town, the head-quarters of a pro- vince and the seat of a Governor. It is situated in the middle of a ' large plain with some low, lalang-covered hills to the north and about 5—6 miles from the sea. The population in the vicinity, which is pure Siamese unmixed with Malay, appears fairly dense and _ is devoted to the cultivation of rice. As everywhere in Siam, a large proportion of the petty traders are Chinese or Indian, and there are a good many Chinese fishermen at the river mouth. We remained here two or three days, sending back such of the collections, as were dry, to Kuala Lumpur in charge of one of the men who had fallen sick. We also called on the Governor and made arrangements through him for our accommodation at Koh Lak, a sea-side place some 100 miles to the north, wkich was to be our next collecting station. We did no collecting at Chumpon, but through the kind- ness of Mr. Daniels, the Section Engineer, who was very hospitable to us, we obtained the remains of a hare, which registers the southernmost limit of Lepws siamensis. VOL, V, NO. 1, 1921. 12 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Through the courtesy of the Governor we made an excursion by motor boat to the river mouth, which is a large fishing centre. At the time of our visit not much work was being carried on, but the methods consisted of seines of various kinds, dip-nets and _fish-traps, several of widely different kinds from these used in Malaya. The rail from Chumpon to Koh Lak (now called Prachuap Kirikan) runs through fairly varied country, but in this region, comparatively near the coast, we had entirely left evergreen forest, which only exists on the higher slopes of the hill ranges forming the boundary of Siam and Lower Tenasserim. Much of the country was undulating low hills, covered with lalang and other coarse grasses, but as the time of our visit was approaching the end of the dry season, everything was much burnt up and desiccated. Elsewhere was flatter country covered also with coarse grass or large patches of scrub, amongst which a tall and uncommonly thorny bamboo was extremely prominent. Oc- casionally we passed isolated and precipitous limestone hills arising abruptly from the plain and which, while the line was being built, formed a most convenient source of ballast. In places there were small fields of rice and buffalo-grazing lands, but the general aspect of the country, with the exception of the district round Bangtaphan, was one of great poverty and desolation. Tradition has it that in the early part of the 19th century one of the terrific storms, which on rare occasions visit this coast, blew down much good forest that originally grew in the district. This destruction was accompanied by fires from which the land never recovered and, owing to the denudation during wet season, has pro- gressively deteriorated ever since. Much of the country, however, looks as if it might be at least as well adapted for stock raising as parts of tropical Australia, in which that industry has becn found successful. Kou Lak. On arrival at Koh Lak we were met by a representative of the Governor and inducted into quarters in a pleasant little house on the beach, These we occupied for some days, but had to vacate on the rumours of the arrival of personages from Bangkok, who, JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 13 however, never eventuated. The substitute quarters, though not so comfortable or well situated, served our purpose sufficiently well. Koh Lak, or Prachuap Kirikan as it is now officially called, is a large sandy bay with rocky limestone headlands or islands connected to the shore at each end. Behind are saltings, low thorny scrub and a certain amount of mangrove beyond the bay. The place is much used as a watering place by the princes and noblity from Bangkok and is often crowded. We stayed here nearly a fortnig! t and made large addi- tions to our collections, including some interesting squirrels, a Lepus siamensis and, among birds, 2 species of jacana and a large series of a little Gerygone on which a new species had been erected by Count Nils Glydenstolpe. Very little fishing appeared to be done in the bay, and food of all kinds was dcar owing to the number of visitors, while the quality of the water was indifferent. Hat SANUK. After our stay at Koh Lak we decided to move a few miles into the interior to a place called Hat Sanuk, which had been visited by Count Nyls Glydenstolpe and which was reported to be a good collecting ground. The usual difficulties about transport occurred, but eventually we received fourteen of the local country carts drawn by bullocks or buffaloes. The track led at first through ‘saltings liable to be inundated in the wet season, then through open country studded with clumps of thorny bushes and, in places, through a dry and stunted jungle. Everything was parched and dried up, and the rough track was inches deep in a fine impalpable dust that was raised in clouds by the carts, and made walking in their vicinity very disagreeable. Towards noon we reached a small village surrounded by groves of thorny bamboo, through which a pleasant little stream ran. Here we had to stop four hours as the draught cattle cannot work during the middle of the day in the hot season. The route then led through open grassy country with seatter- ed trees (some, of a very beautiful species of Lagerstroemia), and clumps of bushes, and eventually entered true jungle, through which VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 14 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON we passed for some miles, eventually reaching Hat Sanuk at dusk. Our bullock-cart drivers had evidently taken us by a very circuitous route, hoping to make a:two days journey. The forest in which Hat Sanuk is situated is, to those used to the Malayan equator- ial jungles, of very peculiar type. On the higher ridges and dryer parts it is in the main composed of two trees only :— a stumpy holly- like tree, Balanostreblus ilicifolia and Euphorbia quadrangularis. Near the water courses there was an abundance of big trees, chiefly species of Ficws, but we noticed no, or hardly any, Dipterocarpacee, which are the characteristic feature of virgin jungle in the dryer parts of the Malayan lowland forests. The tops of the trees were in Places covered with the long trailing pseudo-bulbs and flower-spikes of the beautiful orchid, Vanda teres, of which thousands of blooms could have been plucked in a few minutes. Less common, but still abundant, was the scarlet Renanthera coccinea, and another species of the same genus with yellow, brown and white petals. We camped for some days at Hat Sanuk near a sluggish stream of indifferent water which was rapidly drying up. Many interesting species of birds were obtained, including several new re- cords for the country. Perhaps the most interesting was a silver pheasant, Gennaeus n. sharpvi, of which we were unfortunate in only obtaining the female. Dry weather made stalking of any kind impossible and the pheasants were very shy. ; Big game, including elephants, rhinoceros and wild cattle, as well as pig, sambur and barking deer, were abundant in the district, and game tracks ran in every direction. After Hat Sanuk the time we could spare for field work expired, and we made the best of our way back to Kuala Lumpur, stopping a couple of days at Singora which, in its way, is one of the most beautiful places in the Malay Peninsula. Throughout the trip, from leaving Penang on January 30th to our return to Kuala Lumpur at the end of April, we had no rain with the exception of a few showers passing through Koh Lak on our return. The heat was intense, and in the Pakchan river, where however it was mitigated by dense white fogs, which lasted some- times as late as 8.30 a.m., it quite prostrated some of our Malay crew. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 15 The result of our work shows that, so far as Siam is concern- ed, the Malayan fauna stops short at the Pakchan river, whence, at low levels northward, it is purely Indo-Burmese. What the fauna is on the high dividing range between Siam and Tenasserim, which in places reaches 5,000 feet, we are unable to say; but from a distance the range does not look heavily forested. Possibly it may contain forms identical with those of Nwalabo and Muleyit, possibly more southern forms ; but everything is necessarily pure conjecture, In Tenasserim, on the other hand, the Malayan fauna continues almost undiluted as far as Tavoy. Its greater extension on this side, it is perhaps trite to remark, is evidently connected with the persistence of evergreen forests which, again, is due to the apparently much heavier rainfall on the western than on the Siamese side. OTHER LOCALITIES. In the various papers on collections made by us in this region, references to which will be found in the bibliography, brief accounts will be found of the various collecting stations, which are not specifically mentioned in the proceding pages. We do not think it necessary to repeat these accounts. VOLs > V;, NOY 1; 1921. 16 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON GALLIFORMES. GAME Birpbs. ( With three toes only a With four toes 2 Large birds, wing 13 inches or over eae ae rand wing 12-18 inches Small birds, wing 8 Eee or less Crested; upper tail-coverts forming a train 3: 4 With metallic ocelli in the plumage With no metallic ocelli or Greyer, with no metallic sheen on crest 6 ; : Browner, with metallic sheen on crest ~I Head crested 9 No crest ( f \ 10 Legs of the male armed with a spur Legs of the male spurless ask 11 Hind toe with a claw 12 Tail with 14 feathers, exceeding the tail coverts 13, Tail with 8 feathers, concealed by the coverts With the patch of silky feathers beneath the wing, white 144 With the patch of silky feathers beneath the wing, grey With marked chestnut neck-patch and black post-auricular patch ... Tropidoperdia charltoni. With no marked chestnut neck-patch and black auricular patch ... Tropidoperdia chloropus. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, ( Breast barred across... Turnia pugnax plumbipes. Breast uniform in centre .. Lurnia tanki blanfordi. exceeding the tail feathers in length Pavo muticus. Not crested ; tail coverts normal ... Argusianus argus. Polyplectron bicalcaratum. Polyplectron malaccensis. Head uncrested ... Gallus ferrugineus ferrugineus. Without wattles ... Gennaeus lineatus sharper. With wattles sale =a Lophura rufa. Crested ae Rive Rollulus roulroul. Hind toe with a small nail only C aloperdi« ocwlea. Throat rufous ae .. Rhizothera longirostris. Throat white in .. Francolinus pintadeanus. Kxealfactoria chinensis. Arboricola brunneipectus, CO OU he 14 15 THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 17 1. Francolinus pintadeanus (Scop.). Vetrao pintadeanus, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun, Insubr. ii, 1786, p. 93 (Bourbon) ; Oberholser, Proc. Biol, Soc. Washington, 32, 1919, p. 21. Francolinus chinensis, G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). The above citation. by Gairdner, without any details of exact locality of specimens obtained, is the only authority for the occur- rence of the Francolin within the limits now dealt with. In Tenas- serim it only occurs in the extreme north, but is apparently not uncommon near Bangkok, though whether the bird is really wild there is strongly queried.* This is the species known hitherto as Francolinus chinensis —a name which Oberholser has shown to be untenable. - 2. Rhizothera longirostris (‘Temm.). Perdix longirostris, Temm., Pig. et Gall. iii, 1815, pp. 323, 721 (Sumatra). Khizothera longirostris, Inglis, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, xxvi, 1918, p. 291 (Bokpyin, 8. Tenasserim); M.1, p. 35 (Patiyu). 2. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 9 March, 1919. [No. 4528]. “Tris chocolate ; bill black ; feet pale whitish yellow.” Total length 370; wing 195; tail 85; tarsus 54; bill from gape 33 mm. This bird was shot in dry bamboo jungle and is the second record for the kingdom of Siam, though it is doubtless common in Patani. It agrees exactly with birds of the same sex from Selangor and Pahang. The northernmost record is the specimen recorded above from §, Tenasserim, 3. Tropicoperdix charltoni (Eyton). Perdix charltonii, Eyton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi, 1845, p. 230 (Malacca). *We are now of opinion that Williamson’s entry of this species in his ‘* Preliminary List of the Birds of Bangkok” was incorrect, and that the bird does not occur in the neighbourhood of Bangkok in a really wild state. Vide Vol. i, pp. 47 and 120 of this Journal.—Kds. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. I’. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. 4 (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 18 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Arboricola charltoni, H., pp. 15, 86 (Perlts“and Bandon). Tropicoperdix charltoni, M.1, p. 85 (Patiyu). 2¢. Ban Kok Klap, Bandon, Peninsular Siam. June, July, 1913: “Tris dark hazel; bill blackish, yellowish green at tip of lower mandible, reddish. at. base ; orbital skin reddish orange; tarsi and claws waxy yellow.” The species was common in dry jungle at the above locality. Common in north and central Perak. 4. Tropicoperdix chloropus Blyth. Tropicoperdi« chloropus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat, Soe. Bengal, xxxvili, 1859, p. 415 (‘Tenasserim). Arbori ola chloropus, A., p. 444; G, p. 151 (Ratburi & Petchaburi). 2°3, 2. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, 8S. W. Siam. 16-19 April, 1919. [Nos. 5358, 5407, 5408]. “Tris brown; orbital space dull maroon; bill sage green distally, dull red basally ; feet and claws clear sage green”. Total length ¢, 252, 285; 2, 265; wing d, 152, 153; 2, 146 (worn); tail d, 80, 75; 2, 68; tarsus d, 33, 40; 2, 38; bill from gape d, 21, 22; 9, 20 mm. Shot by our Dyaks in dry jungle: these specimens constitute a southerly record for the species. 5. Caloperdix oculea oculea (‘Temm.). Perdix oculea, Temm., Pig. et Gall. iii, 1815, pp. 408, 732 (India: here restricted to central paits of Malay Peninsula). Caloperdix cculea, A., p. 449 (Bankasoon); C.ii, p. 329; F., p. 671 (Trang); U., p. 87 (Bandon); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; Hume, Stray Feathers, ix, 1880, p. 121 (‘Takuapa). Caloperdix oculea oculea, M. 1, p. 35 (Patiyu). We did not on this occasion obtain this partridge in Peninsular Siam, though we saw the remains of recently trapped specimens at Tasan. It is common in Trang and Bandon in bamboo and secondary jungle and still more so in the state of Perlis on the international boundary. In the Federated Malay States it is extre- inely rare and only known from high elevations. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. \iiiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. DB. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. ~ JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, (wwat) YAINDO VAINDO XIdY¥sAdOl1VD UBD ABO ‘YNVYLVWNS VAINDO XIdYadO1VD “NOONOT “OL1 ‘INHOBW3S F ALLIA . “A [OA ‘“wWris ‘205 “114 EN, “usnor THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 19 Arboricola brunneipectus brunneipectus Tickell. Arboricola brunneopectus, Tickell, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxiv, 1855, p. 276 (Tenasserim Mountains); Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 32 (Sai Yoke, W. Siam). The specimen recorded by Mr, Williamson comes from a locality so near our northern boundary that the species will almost certainly be found, sooner or later, within our area. 6. Rollulus roulroul (Scop.). Phasianus roulroul, Scop., Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii, 1786, p. 93 (Malacca), Rollulus roulroul, A., p. 448 (Bankasoon, etc.); Cii. p. 330; H., p. 87 (Bandon); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi); M. 1, p. 34 (Tung Song), 2. Tang Pran, Takuatung, W. Coast Siam. 14 February, 1919. [No. 3987]. 2. Tasan, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam.: 16 March, 1919: [No. 4622]. “Tris hazel; bill black ; eyelid carmine ; feet coral ; post-orbital patch lake”. Total length 260, 277; wing 133, 132; tail 64, 64; tarsus 39.5, 42.5; bill from gape 23, 21 mm. Though very common indeed in the south of the Peninsula, this wood partridge rapidly grows rarer in more northern latitudes : it is strictly confined to dense evergreen forests and has a wide range in altitude. 7. Excalfactoria chinensis chinensis (Linn.). Tetrao chinensis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, p. 277 (1766). Excalfactcria chinensis, A., p. 447 (Pakchan, ete.) ; C.ii, p. 3834: D., p. 77 (Jalor, Patani). Excalfactoria chinensis chinensis, M.1, p. 84 (Patiyu). Common throughout the area in suitable localities, especially between Patani and Singora, though there are very few records. 8. Lophura rufa (Raffles). Phasianus rufus, Raffles, Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 321 (Sumatra). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. See. Siam, M.I. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. lii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 20 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Phasianus castaneus, Gray in Griffith's Cuv. Anim. K., iii, 1829, . 25. Euplocamus vieilloti, A., p. 431 (Pakchan); B, p. 160 (Junk Seylon) ; C.ii, p. 320. Lophura rufa, L., p. 89 (Ghirbi) ; M1, p. 34 (Patiyu). 2 ad. (capt.). Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 7 March, 1919, [No. 4469]. “Tris red, orbits smalt; bill bluish horn, lower mandible yellowish ; feet coral pink”. Total length 540; wing 265; tail 220; tarsus 91; bill from gape 48 mm. This species was said to be common in the heavily wooded area near Tasan, though we never came across it ourselves. Our specimen was presented by Mr. L. Giacone, of the Siamese Department of Ways, who had several females in captivity ; southwards it is not uncommon in Perlis, but in the Federated Malay States and further south it is very rarely met with. In adult males from Perlis and Ghirbi the flank shaft-stripes are pure white: in a half grown male from the former locality they are deep buff, becoming white anteriorly. 9. Gennaeus lineatus sharpii Oates. Gennaeus sharpii, Oates, Manual Game Birds, i, 1898, p. 357 (Hills between Burma and Siam) ; Ibis, 1903, p. 101. Gennaeus andersoni, Ogilvie Grant (nec. Elliot), Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxii, p 306 (1893). Gennaeus lineatus sharpii, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Bombay, xxiii, 1915, p. 678; id. op. cit., xxv, 1918, p. 336 . (Raheng: Korat). Gennacus linentus lineatus, I., p. 158 (Hat Sanuk). Gennaeus sp.? sharpii, G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). ? ad. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 19 April, 1919. [ No. 5409}. “Tris rich ochreous brown; bill greyish horn, greenish at base of lower mandible ; feet and orbits crimson, soles yellow-grey.” A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es O. Grant, Fascieculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8.1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 21 Total length 565 ; wing 236 ; tail 228; tarsus 68; bill from gape 35mm. We think that there can be but little doubt that this pheasant is referable to the above race, which has an extensive range down the hill-ranges between Burma and Siam. Our specimen agrees closely with those described and identified by Ogilvie Grant as G. andersoni, which subsequently formed part of the material on which the present race was founded by Oates. Gyldenstolpe obtained no females, while owing to dry weather we were unable to obtain a series, as the birds were so wild as to be unapproachable. A scapular feather picked up in the track was pare white, with very narrow lineated black bars parallel to the edge of the feather. The undersurface of our bird is brownish black, with a broad white shaft-stripe and a broad subterminal V-shaped white bar on each feather: there is no trace of rufous on the mantle which, with the nape, has a narrow white shaft and a broader white V-shaped band on each feather, edged posteriorly with blackish. 10. Gallus ferrugineus ferrugineus ( Gm.). Tetrao ferrugineus, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, pt. 2, 1788, p. 761 (“China”). Gallus ferrugineus, A., pp. 442,521 (Pakchan) ; B., p. 80 (Puket) ; G., p. 151 (Ratbari and Petchaburi). Gallus gallus, E., p. 122 (Patani); H., p. 57 (Bandon) ; I., p. 157 (Hat Sanuk); L., p. 89 (Junk Seylon) ; K., p. 51 (Koh Lak). Gallus bankiva, Sclater, F., p. 672 (Trang). Gallus tankiva bankiva, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, xxv, 1917, p. 18. Gallus ferrugineus ferrugineus, Robinson and Kloss, Records Indian Mus. xix, 1920, p. 14; Kloss, fom. cit., p. 151. 7352. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 13 and 19 March, 1919. [Nos. 4563-5, 4571, 4588, 4678,9 ; 4687-91]. @, pull. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 2 and 4 April, 1919. [Nos. 5004, 5021). “Males. Iris orange; bill pinkish at base, blackish horn on culmen, ete. ; feet lead ; lappets and comb pinkish red.” “Females. Iris dull orange; bill greyish horn ; feet lead-grey.” I. Gyidenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F, M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. g (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOU Vi, NO;..1, 1921. 22 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Males. Total length 670, 542, 532, 630, 675, 504, 480; wing 228, 224, 222, 223, 237, 226, 220; tail 337, 243, 305, 304, 348, 180, 175 75, 76, 70; bill from gape 31, 32, 34, ‘tarsus 73, 70, 79, 73, 30, 28, 30, 27 mm. Females. Total length 462, 438, 403, 440, 435, 468 ; wing 206, 192, 195, 196, 192, 220; tail 160, 148, 148, 145, 140, 158; tarsus 57, 63, 56, 60, 62, 64; bill from gape 26, 26, 25, 26, 28, 27 mm. Common throughout the area dealt with, in the usual situations at the edge of cultivation and in secondary jungle. Especially numerous at Tasan, where at the time of our visit they were breeding, the clutches being of five to seven eggs. 11. Polyplectron bicalcaratum (Linn.). Pavo bicalcaratus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 268 (China). Polyplectron tibetanum, A., pp. 432, 521 (Nwalabo). Polyplectron chinquis, Ogilvie Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxii, 1893, p. 357 (Mergui and Nwalabo); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Polyplectron bicalcaratum, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Bombay, xxiv, 1916, p. 209. ; Polyplectron malaccensis, I., p. 158 (Koon Tan). Polyplectron bicalaratum chinquis, M.1, p. 33 (Patiyu). The only definite records for our area are those of Gairdner and Stuart Baker, loc. cit. supra. Gyldenstolpe’s 2 from Koon Tan, N. Siam, referred to P. malaccensis, undoubtedly belongs here, as he specially mentions the outer tail-feathers as having ocelli on both webs. 12. Polyplectron malaccense (Scop.). Phasianus malaccensis, Scop., Del. Flor et Faun. Insubr. ii, 1786, p. 93 (Malacea). Polyplectron bicalearatum, A., p. 4384 (Mergui, Hills of South Tenasserim ?) B., p. 80 (Puket), Polyplectron malaccensis, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Bombay, xxiv, 1916, p. 221 (South Tenasserim). Though it is probable that the Peacock Pheasant is quite common in Patani, the only definite records are those of Miiller and Stuart Baker given above. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Sal inga, 1882. F Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds - Brit. Burmah, V nat i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. oon JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 23. 18, Argusianus argus argus (Linn.). Phasianus argus Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 272 (Tartaria). Argusianus argus, Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902, p. 538 (type locality fixed as Malacca); C.ii, p. 313; D., p. 78 (Patani); E,, p. 123 (Rhaman); H., p. 87 (Bandon) ; Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat Hist. Soc. Bombay, xxiv, 1916 p. 202; I, p. 158 (Koh Lak). Argus giganteus, A., p. 427 (Pakchan). Probably common in suitable localities in southern and south- western Siam, wherever there is hilly country covered with ever- green forest. 14. Pavo muticus Linn. Pave muticus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 268 (Japan); Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902, p. 538 (type locality designated as Java) ; A., p. 425 (Pakchan) ; C.ii, p. 312; E., p. 123 (Patani) ; ey oh 672 (Trang) ; H., p. 87 (Bandon); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; L., p. 89 (Ghirbi). In suitable county, i. e., in the scrub along river courses and at the edges of rice fields, Peafowl are spread throughout Peninsular and Lower Siam. They are usually in full feather in January or February, while the trains are completely shed in June and July. 15 Turnix pugnax plumbipes (Hodgs.). Hemipodius plumbipes, Hodgs., Bengal Sporting Mag. 1837, p. 346 (Nipal). Turnix plumbipes, A., p. 450 (Bankasoon) ; B., p. 81; C.ii, p. 337. Turnix taigoor, D., p. 79 (Patelung & Patani States); E., p. 122 (Patani); H., p. 140 (Koh Pennan & Koh Samui). Turuix pugnax plumbipes, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, xxili, 1914, p. 395; L., p. 89 (Ghirbi & Puket). Our series is not large and is deficient in females, but males from the islands in the Bandon Bight can be matched by others from the south of Pahang. 16. Turnix tanki blanfordi Blyth. Turnix blanfordi, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxxii, 1863, p. 80 (Pegu). Turnix maculosus, A., p. 452 (Pakchan & Bankasoon) ; C.ii, p. 335. Turnix tanki blanfordi, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bom- bay, xxxii, 1915, p. 601. I. Gyldentolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H.. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K: Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second -part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 1, 1921. 24 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON ¢. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 23 March, 1919. [No. 4796]. | 24, ¢ imm. Koh Lak (Prachuap-kirikan), 8S. W. Siam. 5 April, 1919. [Nos. 5078, 9]. “Tris white; bill dark horn, yellow on tomia and basal half of lower mandible; feet yellow, toes darker”. Total length 161, 158, 165; wing 80, 90, 88; tail 33, 30, 34; tarsus 23, 23, 25; bill from gape 18, 17, 17 mm. Tasan and the Pakchan estuary represent the southernmost limit of this Quail; we found it common in grass-lands at Tasan and Koh Lak and between that place and Hat Sanuk. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878 E. ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Bi u t n, ¢ athers, vi, ; . is ant, Fase Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. yee C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols, i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S, Museums, vy, 1915, JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF sOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. COLUMBIFORMES. PIGEONS. {Large birds, wing more than 8 inches (Smaller birds, wing less than 8 inches With elong.ted hackles on hind neck sie .. Calaenas nicobarica. Feathers on hind neck normal General colour lead-grey pe Ze Columba livia intermedia. 3. General colour ivory-white ae dc «.» Myristicivora bicolor. General colour above bronzy green 4 ae Muscadivora aenea. (General colour above maroon or liver- brown. Breast grey, rump uniform with back -» Ducula badia and griseicapilla. Breast ochraceous, rump grey contrasting with back .. Alsocomus puniceus. (Always with metallic bronzy green in plumage -» Chalcophaps indica. 5- Always with non-metallic green in plumage. . be ta ste Always without any green in plumage 6 ee exceeding 7 inches $e ne oe Butreron capelli. Wing less than 7 inches 2 ies ac ar + teri a magenta cap or magenta wash on crown te Ptilonopus jambu. With no magenta cap or wash 8 fa swollen towards tip “ Treron curvirostra nipalensis. Bill slender, not swollen towards tip : 9 / Wing less than 5 inches ae Bc ~< .. Treron olax. Wing more than 5 inches x 10 { Middle feathers of tail green ( Middle feathers of tail grey ll ieee plumes bright chrome yellow avs Treron fulvicollis. Tibial plumes buff or dull yellow Ae Treron pompadcra phayrei. 12 ee apical band to tail 4 inch or more broad Treron bicincta praetermissa. Pale apical band less than 4 inch broad ia me Treron vernans. 13 With a black collar on nape With no black collar 14 Nec: narrow and entirely black... Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis. Collar broad and spotted with white ae Streptopelia suratensis tigrina. ( Wing about 7 inches Ac Se Macropygia leptogrammica. 15- Wing about 5°5 inches te se ». Macropygia ruficeps. Wing about 4 inches ae se ays Geopelia striata. VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 25 14 15 26 white ; MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 17. Butreron capelli (Temm.). Columba capelli, Temm., P1. Col., 1823, pl. 143 (Java). Butreron capelli, Anderson, Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool., xxi., 1887, p. 152 (Elphinstone Island, Mergui Archipelago); E., p. 122 (Patani States); F., p. 672 (Trang); Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 64, pl. 4. “Tris dark; eyelids green and yellow; bill pale greenish ’ cere dull olive; feet ochre yellow”. Rare in Peninsular, and apparently not found in 8S. W, Siam. 18. Treron curvirostra nipalensis (Hodgs.). Toria nipalensis, Hodgs. Asiat. Res. xix, 1836, p. 164, pl. ix (Nepal). Treron nipalensis, A., p. 410 (Tavoy to Malewoon) ; C. ii, p. 306; F., p. 674 (trang); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; Stuart Baker, Indi: Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 66, pl. 5; H., p. 140 (Koh Samui, Bandon); Buttik fer, Notes Leyden Museum, xxi, 1899, p. 260; I., p. 153 (Koh Lak). Treron curvirostra nipalensis, J., p. 135 (Pulau Telibun) ; L, p. 90 (Junk Seylor). ¢, 2. Koh Pipidon, W. Siam. 5 February, 1919. [Nos. 3929, 30]. d. Pang-nga river, W. Siam. 11 February, 1919. [No. 3947]. 3. De Lisle Island, W. Coast Siam. 19 February, 1919. [No. 4122], 1919. ¢,2 2. Taph, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 3-7 March, [ Nos. 4392, 4412, 4466]. ¢. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 14 March, 1919. [No. 4586]. “Male. Iris, inner ring yellow, outer deep bronze, orbits verditer ; bill, frontal half pale yellow-green, base crimson; feet magenta-lake or maroon”. Total length J, 248—, 265, 248, 247; 9%, 260, 258, 257; wing ¢, 138, 133 (dry skin) 148, 138, 136; 2, 143, 138, 136; tail ¢, 89,—, 90, 84, 92; 2, 85, 80, 80; tarsus d, 19,—, —, 19.5, 16; 8, 20, 18.5, 18; bill from gape d, 22,—, 20, 21, 20; 2, 22, 23, 20 mm. A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. 0. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D, Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H, Robinson, Journ, F. M. 8. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 27 A great deal of confusion has arisen over the races of the Thick-billed Green Pigeon. It appears to be borne out by the state- ments of all writers that the continental race southwards, to the northern third of the Malay Peninzula, is consistently larger than birds from the southern two-thirds of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Bangka. Palawan and Sulu birds are also stated to be larger. Every area has its name, viz :— Treron curvirostra Gm. ... 1788. Malay Peninsula, terra typica designated by Ober- holser, 1912. Now restricted to Selangor. Treron nipalensis Hodgson *... 1836. Nepal, ete. Treron griseicauda Gray... 1856. Java, Treron nasica Schleg. ... 1863. Borneo and Sumatra (7) Treron harterti Parrot ... 1907. N. E. Sumatra. ry There are also other races from the Barussan Islands. No one will probably dispute that the bird figured by Latham (Gen. Syn. Birds, ii, 1788, p. 632, pl. 59: and latinized by Gmelin as Columba curvirostra, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 777) represents the first description of the species, though attache] to a wrong locality (Tanna, New Hebrides). Unless we are prepared to recognize the mere references by Raffles and Vigors of Sumatran birds to Colwmba cwrvirostra (Gm.), as a fixation of the type locality, we are bound to admit 7. c. harterti as the name for the Sumatran bird (if distinct from the Bornean and Javanese) ;* 7. ¢. nasica+ for the Bornean ; T. c. cwrvirostra for the Malayan ; and 7. ¢. griseicauda for the Javan- *Schlegel (Ned. Tijd. Dierk, i, 1864, pp. 67, 8) records both grisei- cauda and nasica from Sumatra. tSome authorities, however, including Wallace, claim that 7’. nasica is a distinct species, occurring together with 7’. curvirostra and differing mainly in the colour of the soft parts. — I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. , 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part), J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part); L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part) VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 28 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON ese bird. We have been able to compare Bornean, Malayan, Siamese, Cochin-Chinese and Annamese specimens, and are certain that, broadly speaking, no real colour-distinction can be correlated with range, but the northern birds are undoubtedly on average larger than the Malayan. The whole of the series of the Malay Peninsula, from its extreme northern limit to the islands south of Singapore, does not afford any bird approaching in smallness the minimum wing dimen” sions for 7. cwrvirostra given by Stuart Baker (124 mm.), while some from the extreme south are as large as others from the extreme north. On the whole, however, it is true that northern birds average larger than the southern. Rather than use the elaborate typography of Stresemann, we have recorded the northern birds within Siamese limits as 7. c. nipalensis, while the southern birds are, by Oberholser’s designation, typical 7’. c. curvirostra. For convenience sake we specify as a more exact type locality, Rawang, Selangor—as the Malay Peninsula is 800 miles long and contains two forms of the species, In the Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920, p. 31, Baker claims that Oberholser cannot select the Malay Peninsula for the typical locality of 7. c. curvirostra, as he himself hid already shown, in his “ Indian Pigeons and Doves,” that the correct type locality was Sumatra. Mr. Baker’s claim, however, comes too late : his book was published in 1913, whereas Oberholser had already selected the Malay Peninsula in 1912. We, ourselves, do not consider that anything in Baker's remarks (op. cit., p. 68) constitutes a fixation of type locality. In any event Sumatra has been ruled out in this connection since 1907, as Parrot then described and named the island bird. 19. Treron vernans vernans (Linn.). Columba vernans, Linn., Mant., 1771, p. 526 (Philippines). Osmotreron viridis, B., p. 78 (Peninsular Siam). OUsmotreron vernans, C.i, p. 309 (Malay Peninsula); D., p. 76 (Patani) ; E., p. 122 (Patani) ; F., p. 674 (Malay Peninsula) ; H., A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fascieuli Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Barmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915, JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 29 pp. 88,140 (Bandon, Koh Samui and Koh Pennan); J, p. 135 (Langkawi Islands) ; L, p. 89 (Ghirbi and islands), Treron vernans vernans, M.1, p. 31 (Tung Song and Patiyu). A common bird throughout our region in suitable localities. 20. Treron bicincta pretermissa Rob. and Kloss. Treron bisincta pretermissa, Robinson & Kloss, Journ, Fed, Malay States Mus. x, 1921, p. 203 (Koh Lak). Osmotreron bicincta, A., p. 411: C. ii, 1883, p. 308; B., p. 159 (Salanga); F., p. 674 (Trang); G., p. 151 (Ratburi & Petchaburi). Osmotreron bicincta domvillii, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons & Doves, 1913, p. 49; 1., p. 154 (Koh Lak); L., p. 89 (Ghirbi & Pulau Panjang). $. De Lisle Island, W. Coast Siam. 19 February, 1919. [No. 4121]. . $9. Koh Lak, 8S. W.Siam. 5 April, 1919. [Nos. 5075, 7075}. “Tris, outer ring pale orange, inner ring blue; bill ivory, greenish at tip; feet pink.” Total length d, 292, 285*;.9, 273* ; wing ¢, 158, 2617; 2, 162*; tail ¢, 103, 105*; 2, 100*; tarsus d, 19, 23*; 2, 21*; bill from gape d, 22, 22*; °, 23* mm. Diagnosis. Larger than D. b. bisincta from Madras (wing 144): differs from D. b. domvillii Swinh. from Hainan in having the grey nuchal patch in the female clear and more extensive, where- as ( fide Hartert) it is “indistinct and small’ in the island bird. Hartert has inadvertently (Nov. Zool. xvii, 1910, p. 192) described the Ceylon bird as being smaller, though his specimens are exactly the same size as the typical birds from Madras. Swinhoe states that his domwvillii is smaller than the typical form (presum- ably the bird now described), but this is denied by Hartert. E. and S. E. Siam birds appear to be small ; those measured by us have the wing always under 150 mm. In addition to the above three specimens, we have examined four males and four females from various localities from Junk * Types. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 30 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Seylon to Selangor; wings varying from 157-163 mm. in males and 157-160 in females. ; 21. Treron pompadora phayrei (Blyth). Osmotreron phayrei, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxxi, 1862, p. 344 (Tounghoo); A., pp. 412, 414 (Tavoy, Nwalabo); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). ; Osmotreron pompadora phayrei, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 27. Mr. Gairdner’s record is the only one for our portion of Siam. The bird however extends to Cochin-China. On the Tenasserim coast it ranges south as far as Tavoy. 22. Treron fulvicollis fulvicollis (Wagl.). Columba fulvicollis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 8 (1827, Java). Osmotreron fulvicollis, A., p. 413 (Pakchan); Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 46, pl. 2. This species has not hitherto been obtained in Siam, though it is abundant in the Pakchan estuary from December to March. It should be noted that the type description is foundéd on Columba wromatica var., Temm. & Knip, fig. 1, p. 30, pl. 6 (1808-11), said to be from Batavia. The species however does not occur in Java, so far as is known, and it will be convenient to regard the terra typica as fixed on Sumatra. The mainland representative, if it is ever recognised as distinct, will be known as 7. f. tenwirostre (Eyton, 1845, type local- ity Malacca), The north Bornean, or possibly the montane form in Borneo, is 7. f. baramensis (ever, 1891), from Baram river, N. Sarawak. The lowland and south Bornean form, if it is distinct, has no name, as Columba cinnamomea Temm., 1835, applied to birds from Pontianak, is antedated by Columba cinnamomea Swains. (fide Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xxi, 1893, p. 58). It should further be observed that Celebes and the Phillip- pines, quoted in the distribution by certain authors, are not este known to be inhabited by this species. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Mz alayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salang: 1, 1882, F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. if Gairdner, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.S.1901, Vol. i. Robinson, Journ, F,M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 31 23. Treron olax (Temm.). Columba olax, Temm., Pl. Col., 1823, pl. 241 (Sumatra), Osmotreron olaw, Salvad., Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxi, 1893, p. 64 (Kossoum ), Treron olax, M.1, p. 30 (Klong Wang Hip, Tung Song). A pair collected by J. Darling near Ghirbi in June, and now in the British Museum, appear to be the most northerly records for Siam of the Little Green Pigeon. r 24. Ptilinopus jambu (Gm.). Columba jambu, Gm., Syst Nat. ii, 2, 1788, p. 784 (Sumatra). Rhamphiculus jambu, B., p. 79 (“Malay Peninsula”). In his paper on the birds of Salanga (Puket or Junk Seylon), H. Miller mentions two males and two females from “the Malay Peninsula” without precise locality. As he probably obtained them from the adjacent mainland, and as there is no inherent improbability for the occurrence, we include them here, though hitherto the species has not been recorded from further north than Province Wellesley. Both sexes differ from all other local pigeons in having a magenta cap: the female is green beneath with a small cinnamon patch on the chin: the adult male is pure ivory white below with a large rose coloured patch on the breast. “Tris crimson; bill slate, base of culmen dull crimson; feet crimson lake.” 25. Muscadivora aenea enea (Linn.). Columba cenea, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, p. 283 (Moluccas). Carpophaga enea, A., p. 416; C. ii, 1883, p. 301; H., p. 141 (Koh Pennan and Koh Samui); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Carpophaga enea enea, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1912, p. 91, pl. 7; I., p. 155 (Hat Sanuk); J., p. 136 (Terutau and Pulau Muntia) ; L., p. 90 (Pulau Payang, Ghirbi Bay). 3, 9. Pulau Mohea (N. Island), W. Coast Siam. 1-2 Febru- ary, 1919. [Nos. 3913, 3915]. ¢. Koh Pipidon, Ghirbi Bay, W. Siam. 4 February, 1919. [ No. 8935]. I. Gyldentolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. ; 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part), J. Robinson, Journ. F, M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOba V7 NOLo}; 1921. 32 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON g. Koh Yam Yai, W. Siam. 18 February, 1919. [No. 4115]. 9. Koh Yam Noi, W. Siam. 19 February, 1919. [No. 4120]. Total length ¢, 390, 435; 9, 425, 400, 404; wing do, 233, 234; 9, 244, 223, 238; tail J, 146,170; 9, 163, 148, 150; tarsus dG, 39, 36; 9, 31, 39, 39; bill from gape ¢d, 34, 36; 9, 38, 34, 32 mm. This small series varies much in the tint of the bronzy green upper surface and in the degree of the vinaceous wash on the head and neck. In size the birds agree with other specimens from the south of the the Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands. The original type locality given by Linnzus was the Moluccas, where the species is not found. Ducula badia badia (Raffles). Columba badia, Rafiles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 317 ( Sumatra ). Carpophaga sp., A., p. 417 (Mergui); Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xxi, 1187, p. 151 (Sullivan Id., Mergui Archipelago). There is no definite record of this species in Peninsular or S. W. Siam, though it is extremely common in the mountains throughout the Federated Malay States, coming down to the coast at certain seasons. It is almost certain to be found in the mountains of Trang or in the high mountains separating Patani from Perak. As Hume observes, the fruit pigeons seen by Davison in immense numbers at Mergui in August were probably this form. 26. Ducula badia griseicapilla Wald. Ducula griseicapilla, Wald., Ano. and Mag. Nat. Hist (4) xvi, 1875, p. 228 (Karin Hills) ?G., p. 515 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Ducula insignis griseicapilla, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 104, pl. 8. The only record for our area is that of Gairdner from Ratburi or Petchaburi. All the forms of the subgenus currently accepted as Ducula, with the possible exception of the Javan D. lucernulata and allied races from Bali and Lombok, obviously stand in subspecific relation to each other. The plate given by 8. Baker, loc. cit., is brighter on the shoulders than our specimens of D. b. griscicapilla from A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 33 Annam, and in this respect approaches D. b. badia. The present subspecies may be separated from D. b. badia by its rather larger size, less rich and purplish colour above and paler buff under tail-coverts. 27. Columba livia intermedia Strickl. Columba intermedia, Strickl., Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist. xiii, 1844, p. 39 (India) ; Salvad., Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxi, 1893, p. 261, spm. m3 (Salanga) ; ‘Williamson, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 30 (Tachin and Bangkok ). It is doubtful if any rock—pigeons from central and south Siam can be regarded as truly wild: we record it for this area merely on the strength of a skin from Salanga (Puket), now in the British Museum. 28. Alsocomus puniceus ( Tick.). C. (Alsocomus) puniveus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1842, p. 461 (Singhbhum, Chot. Nagpur). Alsocomus puniceus, A., p. 418; C.ii, 1883, p. 289; Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves (1913), p. 176, pl. 18, I., p. 151 (nr, Koh Lak) ; G., p. 151 (Ratburiand Petechaburi) ; Kp. ; 83 (Koh Lak). Columba punicea, F., p 674 ( Pulau Terutau ) ; J., p. 136 ( Pulau Muntia) ; L., p. 90 aeak Seylon). “Tris, inner ring yellow, outer orange ; bill, ne coloured at base, whitish horn at tip; feet pinkish maroon.” This fine pigeon is fairly common in the winter months on the islands off the west coast of Siam, though whether it is a resident or a seasonal visitor is unknown, as collecting is inconvenient or im- possible in these localities during the summer. On the east coast it is apparently much rarer. Our series shows that the sexes are practically alike, females with the grey cap similar to adult males, but with the undersurface with slightly less gloss and more brick-red, less purplish in tint. On Koh Muk, in January 1917, they were roosting in man- groves behind a sandy beach, apparently feeding on the mainland, distant about three miles, during the day. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. Me. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V; NO; 1, 1921, 34 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 29. Myristicivora bicolor bicolor (Scop.). Columba bicolor, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii, p. 94 (1786). Myristicivora bicolor, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 61 (Chumpon Bay). Though the species must certainly occur at times on the Siamese side of the international boundary through the Langkawi group, specimens have not actually been obtained from that locality. The only record therefore from our area is the above specimen from Chumpon. The specics also occurs on the Koh-Si-Chang group in the Inner Gulf of Siam. It is likewise found in Cochin-China. Macropygia leptogrammica, subsp. ? Columba leptogrammica, Tewm., Pl. Col., 1835, pl. 560 (Java and Sumatra). Cecyzura tusalia, Hodgs. in Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xii, 1843, p 937, note (D.rjiling). Macropyyia tusalia, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 238, pl. 24. The forms of the large Cuckoo Dove inhabiting Java, Sumatra and the southern Malay Peninsula, Hainan and the Indo- Chinese countries stand in very close subspecific relation and will, as the oldest name, have all to be called M. leptogrammica. Though it is very likely that a bird of this species will be found inhabiting the higher hills, no specimen has been actually obtained, though there is a note by Gairdner of a bird, “ probably tusalia”, having been seen somewhere in Ratburi or Petchaburi. Macropygia ruficeps, subsp. . Columba ruficeps, Temm., Pl. Col., 1835, pl. 561 (Java). Macropygia assimilis, Hume, Stray Feath. ii, 1874, p. 441 (Hills of Tenasserim). Of this Cuckoo Dove, also, with the exception of one specimen from the extreme north of Siam, which is not germane to the present paper, there are no specimens whatever on record from Siam. The species, however, is certain to occur in suitable localities throughout the country. Those from Patani, ete., will be almost certain to agree with A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. 0. G ‘asciculi iii (Bi me, & Davison, Stray sathers, vi, i 5 . Grant, Fasciculi Mal: ses, rds), Ds a Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F Robison wna Kloss: This. 1910-11. pti: = Oates, Birds Brit, Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. . Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H, Robinson, Journ. F, M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 35 the form found in Perak, Province Wellesley and further south: while those from Peninsular Siam to the north will probably agree with M. assimilis, which is always a browner and less rufous bird. The species is a skulker, found in thick undergrowth, and is extraordinarily fond of the small chillies grown by Malays. In the Federated Malay States it is nearly always abundant in the vicinity of hot springs. 30. Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis (Temm.). Columba humilis, Temm., P|. Col., 1834, pl. 259 (Bengal and Luzon). Turtur humilis, Walden, Trans. "Zool. Soc. ix, 1875, p. 219 (type locality selected, Luzon) ; A. po 423 (Pakchan) ; C. ii, 1883, p. 294 (Malay Peninsula). Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 234, pl. 23 ; i, p. 150. (Koh Lak); K., p. 84 (Koh Lak). Oenopopelia tranquebarica, G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Pakchan is the southernmost authenticated locality for this species : no credence need be placed on the locality “Malacca”, attach- ed to certain specimens. Females differ considerably from males in being much less vinous. 31. Streptopelia chinensis tigrina (Temm. & Knip.). Columba tigrina, Tetum. ae i, 1808-11, pl. 43 (Batavia). Turtur tigrina, A., p. 442; C. ii, 1883, p. 290; B., gs 79 (Junk Seylon); D., p. 77 (Patani) ; E., p. 121 (Patani) ; , p. 675 (Trang) ; is p. 88, 141 (Bandon and Koh Pennan) ; Wie # ps 151 (Ratburi and Pete habur i). Turtur tigrinus minor, Parrot, Abhandl. der K. Bayer. Akad. der Wissench. Munchen, ii, kl. xxiv, 1907, Bd. 1, p. 275 (Sumatra). Streptopelia suratensis tigrina, Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 210, pl. 21; J., p. 136 (Pulan Lontar); K., p. 83 (Koh Lak); L., p. 90 (Junk Seylon, etc.); M.1, p. 32 (Tung Song). 2 d. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 11 March, 1919. [Nos. 4535, 6]. 3d, 2. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 4-7 April, 1919. [Nos. 5015, 5147]. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. I. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. Vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. ili, 1919. (third part). WOE Ve NG, oT 192k; 36 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON “Tris orange ; bill greyish black ; feet maroon”. Total length ¢, 306, 318, 317; 2, 305; wing ¢, 140, 141, 145; 2, 146; tail d, 148,152,147; 2, 150 (worn); tarsus d, 26, 25,25; 2, 25; bill from gape d, 22.5, 20; 2, 22 mm. Extraordinarily common oyer the whole area in family parties or small flocks, keeping to open country. The very large series that we have examined does not bear out Parrot’s contention that the mainland birds are smaller than those from Java, though topotypes of his race from Deli are under 140 mm. in the wing. 32. Geopelia striata striata (Linn.). Columba striata, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 282 (East Indies) . Geopelia striata, A., p. 423; C. ii, 1883, p. 298; B., p. 79 (Junk Seylon) ; E., p. 121 (Patani); Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and Doves, 1913, p. 253, pl. 26; H., p. 137 (Pulau Lontar); L, p. 90 (Ghirbi) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 72. Geopelia striata striata, M.1, p. 32 (Tung Song). 2d. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 11 March, 1919. [Nos, 4533-8]. “Tris whitish, orbits silvery verditer; cere silvery blue; bill pale horn; feet dark maroon”. Total length 230, 228; wing 98, 94; tail 108, 105; tarsus 21 20; bill from gape 16, 17 mm. . Very common in open spaces with the preceding, possibly becoming scarcer further north. 33. Chalcophaps indica indica (Linn.). Columba indica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 284 (East Indies). Chalcophaps indica, A., p. 424; C. ii, 1883,p. 297; D., p. 77 (Patini); E., p. 122 (Patani); F., p. 675 (Trang); H., p. 88 (Bandon) ; id. op. cit. vii, 1917, p. 137 (Terutau); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi); Stuart Baker, Indian Pigeons and _ Doves, 1913, p. 121 pl. 11; L., p. 90 (Ghirbi, Puket Islands), Chalcophaps indica indica, M.1, p. 32 (Tung Song and Patiyu). Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905’ Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P, Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8. Museums, v, 1915. OPE> . JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 37 9. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 2 March, 1919. [ No, 4375]. ¢,%. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 13 March, 1919. [ Nos, 4559-60]. 3. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 15 April, 1919- [No. 5323]. “Tris dark, eyelid crimson, orbits purplish slate; bill coral, cere maroon ; feet dark maroon”. Total length ¢, 249, 245; 2, 251, 288; wing d, 142, 142, "9, 145, 137; tail ¢, 100, 88; 2, 87, 95; tarsus od, 25, 24; 2, 22, 22; bill from gape ¢d, 22, 22; 2, 20. 5, 27 mm. Common throughout the area, wherever there are suitable evergreen forests. 34. Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (Linn.). Columba nicobarica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 283 (Nicobar Islands). Caloenas nicobarica, A., p. 425 (Mergui Archipelago); F., p. 675 (Terutau). 3, 2,ad. Pulau Mohea (South Island), W. Coast Siam. 2-3 March, 1919. [Nos. 3920-1]. ¢,imm. Koh Pipidon, Ghizbi Bay, W. Coast Siam. 4 March, 1919. [No. 3940]. “Tris hazel ; bill and cere black, orbits dull pale olive ; feet livid plum, claws gamboge’. Immature birds with the iris grey and feet duller. Total length 35, 380, 348; 2, 380; wing d, 247, 237; 2, 257; tail ¢, 106, 100; 2,106; tarsus d, 42, 46; 2, 45; bill from gape dydo; 3a 3 2;.d5 mm, Fully adult males and females are alike: immature birds differ in having the hackles shorter and the tail black, glossed with green, not pure white. At certain seasons this bird appears to be common on the islands off the west coast of Siam ; on the east coast it is Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. I. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (seeond part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1I. Baker, Journ, N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part) VOL; V, NO. 1, 1921. 38 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON known from the smaller islands of the Pahang and Johore Archipe- ago and the Redang group off Trengganu ; but it has not been found on the islands off the east coast of Peninsular and S. W. Siam, though it occurs on Pulo Condore, off Cochin-China. Nowhere is it ever et with on the mainland. The habits in the main are those of the jungle game-birds; it is a runner and does not readily take to the trees unless persistently disturbed, though it roosts in them at night. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis C- Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i ® ii, 1883. @. Gateiosr, SaurncN Ye (eon, Sic ei le « Bonhote, P, Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. RALLIFORMES. RAILS AND GALLINULES. 1 / Tail-feathers eighteen AY ae .. Heliopais personata. Tail-feathers ten or twelve 2 With a horny frontal shield With no horny frontal shield » {General plumage blue oy ay Porphyrio calvus edwardsi. (General plumage not blue nee with a narrow membranous fringe, not lobed Plumage uniform above Plumage strexked above (Culmen expanded at base; plumage white and slate Amaurornis phoenicura chinensis. (Culmen not expanded at base ; plumage brown and rufous | Tarsus about equal to middle toe and claw .. ot ice Tarsus shorter than middle toe and claw .. 7 “ie { Wing coverts barred; legs red .. or f Rallina fasciata. ( Wing coyerts uniform ; legs black St -. Rallina superciliaris. { Larger; plumage partially barred below Sa .. Limnobaenus paykulli. (Smaller; plumage uniform below Limnobaenus fuscus erythrothoraz. 1 {(Culmen about equal to middle toe and claw .. Hypotaenidia striata. (Culmen much shorter then middle toe and claw ue Porzana pusilla. 35. Heliopais personata (G. R. Gr.). Gallinula chloropus parvifrons. (‘Toes without a membranous fringe ae fe Gallicrex cinerea. 39 Podica personuta, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S., 1848, p. 90, Aves, pl. 4 (Malacca); A., p. 465, (Banharon). Heliopais personata, D., p. 79 (Patani); H., p. 141 (Koh Pennan, Bandon) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p- 32 (Chantabun’. 3, Koh Pennan, Bandon Bight. 27 May, 1913. Wing, 245 mm. (dry). “Tris dark hazel; feet apple green with tinge of blue; edges of lobes and soles yellowish; lobes black beneath; bill chrome yellow, yellowish green on culmen ; basal culminal process chrome yellow.” I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. : es 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ, F, M.S. Mus, vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921, 40 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON The Masked Finfoot is everywhere an extremely rare bird: it is usually found on fairly rapid rivers or small streams, feeding under the banks and, when alarmed, moving though the water with the aid of its wings, rarely taking properly to flight. The eggs of the Masked Finfoot, hitherto unknown, have recently been discovered on the Myitmaka river, Southern Burma, and have been described by Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker in “ Bull Brit. Orn. Club,” xli, 1921, p. 57. A fuller account of the nidifiation 1s given by Mt. Cyril Hopwood, “ Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay,” xxvu, 1921, pp. 634-636. 36. Hypotaenidia striata (Linn.). Rallus striatus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 292 (Philippines). Rallus albiventer, Swains. Anim, Menag. 1837, p. 337 (India). Hypotaenidia striata, A., p. 468 (Tavoy) ; B., p. 85. (Malay Penin- sula). : Hypotaenidia striata gularis, M.1, p. 36 (near B ngkok). The only record for this common Rail from the area is that of Miiller, from the “Malay Peninsula’—presumably adjacent to the is- land of Puket. Our series from the Federated Malay States is also sin- gularly deficient, and as we have no specimens from Java we are un- able to state to which of the named races the Siamese bird should be assigned. Baker calls it gwlaris (Horsf.), whereas Oberholser (Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55, 1919; p. 478) confines that race to Java, and considers that birds ranging from India to the Malay Peninsula and Cochin-China should stand as H. s. albiventris Swainson. Hight birds in Mr. Williamson’s collection, all from the vicinity of Bangkok, agree well with three from Sumatra, but are paler both above and below than two from S. W. Borneo which are almost certainly identical with the Javan bird. . 37. Rallina superciliaris (Eyton). Rallus superciliaris, Eyton, Ann. and Mag. Nat: Hist, xvi, 1845, p. 230 (Malacca), Rallina fasciata, Rob, and Kloss (nec Raffles); L., p. 91 (Pulau Sireh, Junk Seylon). 3. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 28 March, 1919. [ No. 4923], Bnei eA ST Er run Baril eae an E. F. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G Gairdner, Journ. N. H. S Si i , Brit. ah, Vols, ; . Ge. é ar, e . N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Museums, vy, 1915, JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 41 Our specimen from Pulau Sireh, near Puket, which is quite immature, was unfortunately wrongly identified; it belongs to this species. Little is known of the true breeding range: most of the speci- mens ip our possession have been obtained either at sea or on small islands or on the tops of high mountains, evidently on passage. It can at once be distinguished from R. fasciata by its greenish black, not crimson, legs, and by the much smaller bill. 38. Rallina fasciata (Raffles). Rallus fasciatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 328 (Sumatra). Rallina fasciata, C. ii, p. 341 (Tavoy); D., p. 78 (Patani); H., p. 137 (Terutau). Both this species and the following are highly migratory birds, though whether merely within local limits, or from breeding to winter quarters, is not known with certainty. At the end of October, 1909, after a period of heavy wind and rain, this bird appeared in very large numbers near Alor Star, Kedah, and was trapped in quantity by the local Malays. Limnobaenus paykulli (Ljung). Rallus paykulli, Liung, Sv. Vet, Akad. Handl., 1813, p. 258, Taf. v, (Batavia). ; Rallina mandarina, Swinh., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) v, 1870, p. 173 (Canton), This species is sparsely distributed during winter in Java, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, and appears to be a breeding bird in E. Siberia and China. It is easily confused with immature specimens of Rallina swperciliaris from which it differs in being of a darker colour above, and in having the middle toe and claw distinctly longer than the tarsus. The bill is shorter, and in the specimens before us the barring on the under surface is not continuous across the centre of the belly. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Me Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H, Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 42 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 39. Limnobaenus fuscus erythrothorax (Temm. & Schleg.). Gallinula erythrothorax, Temm. & Schleg., Faun, Japan., Aves, 1850, p. 121, pl. xxviii (Japan). Amaurornis fuscus, F., p. 120 (Patani). Limnobaenus fuscus, H., p. 141 (Koh Samui, Bandon). 1 6. West side, Koh Samui, Bandon Bight. 6 May, 1913. Wing (dry) 103 mm. « Tris and orbits red ; bill bluish green ; legs pale coral ; claws black.” The typical form of this species was described: from the Philippines: and birds from Java, Sumatra and the south of the Malay Peninsula, named Rallws rwbhiginosus, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 357 (1825), are identical with it, all having the wing 98 mm. or under. Chinese and Japanese birds, L. f. erythrothorax, are said to have the wing over 105 mm., while Indian (Nepal, ete.) birds, figured and named by Hodgson as Zapornia flammiceps, but apparently never described, are stated by Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiii, 1894, p. 147) to be intermediate. Southern Indian birds are as small as Malayan, but have not been named. Mr. Hartert has named the N. Indian bird Porzana f. bakert (Nov. Zool. xxiv, 1917, p. 272), type from Kumaon. We have exanrined twelve specimens in Mr. Williamson’s col- lection (eleven from near Bangkok and one from Meklong), shot in the months January to May. They differ from Sumatran and Malayan birds in having the wing from 103-112 mm., against a maximum of 98, and in being paler in tint both above and below. The extent of the red on the crown is a variable quantity.. We regard them all as belonging to this race and not to P. f. bakeri. 40. Porzana pusilla pusilla (Pall.). Rallus pusillus, Pall., Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs, iii, p. 700 (1776— Dauria). Porzana auricularis, Rchnw., Journ. fir. Orn. 1898, p. 139 (new bame). Porzana bailloni, A., p. 467 (Tavoy). Porzana pusilla, D, p. 79 (Patelung) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 32 (Bangkok). Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit! Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. . Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H, Robinson, Journ, F, M. 8. Museums, vy, 1915. ODP) JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 43 Rare or extremely difficult to procure in our area : probably not uncommon in the great’ reed beds and swamps at the north end of the Talé Sap and Talé Noi. 41. Amaurcrnis phoenicura chinensis (Bodd.). Fulica chinensis, Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 54 (Hong- kong). Gallinula phoenicura, A., p. 466 (Banharoon) Erythra phoenicura, B., p. 86 (Junk Seylon) ; C. ii, p. 348. Amaurornis phoenicura, E., p. 120 (Jalor); F,, p 11 (Trang); G., p. 132 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Amaurornis phoenicura chinensis, Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx, 1913, p. 304 (Hong Kong); H., p. 14! (Koh Pennan) ; I., p. 148 (Hat Sanuk); L, p. 91 (Pulau Panjang, Ghirbi Bay); M.1, p. 37 (Patiyu). 2d, Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 19—26 March, 1919. [ Nos, 4814, 4807]. 9. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 17 April, 1919 [No. 5369]. “Tris red; bill sea-green, reddish above and on cere; feet yellowish brown. ” Total length ¢, 323; 335; 2, 365; wing ¢, 176, 168; 2, 168; tail db, 78, 77; 2, 70; tarsus d, 51, 54; 2, 52; bill from gape ¢, 40, 40; 2, 37. Universally distributed over the area in suitable localities. These birds are rather large, Malayan specimens being: slightly smaller than typical Chinese birds. Gallinula chloropus parvifrons Blyth. Gallinula parvifrons, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1843, p. 180 (nr, Calcutta). Gallinula chloropus, A., p. 466 (Tavoy Estuary ). Gallinula chloropus parvifrons, Claude Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 47; ~ Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxiv, 1917, p 268. We have examined nine specimens from various parts of Siam, south to Bangkok. All belong to this form, which is distin- guished from the European Moorhen by its small size and by having the frontal shield almost parallel-sided, not expanded posteriorly. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. I. , No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. ah ~ 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. —— part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iv, iii, 1919. (third part) VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921, 44 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON From Gallinula chloropus orientalis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii, 1821, p. 195 (Java), inhabitng Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and found as a breeding bird in the southern half of the Malay Peninsula, it is distinguished by the smaller frontal shield and by the brown mantle and wing coverts, which are pure grey in the Malayan bird. There are no actual records of any kind from S. W. or Penin- sular Siam, but the race is certain to be found there. Gallinula chloropus orientalis will probably also be found in the Patani Province. 42. Gallicrex cinerea (Gm.). Fulica cinerea, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788 p, 702, (China). Gallicrex cinerea, A., p. 466 (Lavoy); D., p. 79 (Patelung) ; E., p. 120 (Patani town); G., p. 152 (Ratberi and Petchaburi). The Water Cock is probably common in swampy situations and at the edges of ricefields throughout the country. 43. Porphyrio calvus edwardsi Elliot. Porphyrio edwardsi, Elliot, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (5) i, 1878: p. 98 (Cochin China); id., Stray Feathers, vii, 1878, p. 23, pl.; Hume, Stray Feath ix, 1880, p. 121 (Klang, Selangor). 2? Porphyrio poliocephalus, G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Gairdner’s record is the only one for the genus in the vicinity of the area now being dealt with. It is just possible that his identification is correct, and that the bird he obtained was really P. poliocephalus, which differs from the present form in having the mantle bluish green, not blackish, with, at most, an oily green wash. The distinctness of the present subspecies from the typical Javan form, P. calvus, is open to strong doubt; it only differs in having the head ashy grey in the majority of birds, while in the majority of Javan and Sumatran specimens the head is dark: this, however, as Sharpe points out (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiii, 1894, p. 201) may be largely due to the effects of wear. We have examined two birds from the vicinity of Chiengmai in Mr. Williamson’s collection, which are certainly P. poliocephalus, another from Chainat, C. Siam, which is probably edwardsi though there is a wash of greenish on the secondaries and mantles. Another A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E-« O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G.s Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M,.S8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 45 specimen from the same locality is certainly edwardsi. A male in freshly moulted plumage from Klong Samrong, nr. Bangkok, shot in November, has the mantle, inner secondaries and tail glossy black, with practically no trace of oily green wash. It may be taken as typical P. e. edwardsi, There are, however, too many nominal “species” in the genus. In the Malay Peninsula the bird is rare and local: it is, how- ever, almost certain to be found in Trang and in the vicinity of the Talé Noi and Talé Sap in Patelung and Singora. The bird of Malacca has been described and named Porphyrio viridis by Begbie—a matter hitherto overlooked (“The Malayan Peninsula,” 1834, p. 515). We cannot say, for lack of sufficient material, whether the name must be accepted. PODICIPEDIDAE. GREBES. 44. Podicipes fluviatilis philippensis (Bonn.). Colymbus philippensis, Bonnat , Tabl. Encyel. Méth. i, (1790), p. 58, pl. 46, fig. 3. Podicipes philippensis, D., p. 80 (Patelung). Podicipes albipennis, Williamson, Journ. Nat Hist Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 42 (Central and S. E. Siam). 3 3,4 2 hyem. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 7 eric 1919. (Nos. 5124-8, 5143, 5145). “Tris lemon; lower mandible cream, upper mandible black, tomia pale yellow, culmen black, base of bill pale green ; feet dark sage green,” Total length ¢, 238, 275, 240; 2, 233, 238, 243, 252; wing ¢, 107, 101, 109; 2, 103, 102, 103, 103; tarsus d, 34, 32, 34; 9, 35, 32, 82, 33; bill from gape ¢, 26.5, 30, 30; d, 26.5, 28.5, 26, 28 mm. These birds, which are all in non-breeding plumage, are not typical P. f. philippensis ; two specimens (Nos. 5125-5126) show an approach to P. capensis (of which P. albipennis is a synonym) I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. . No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, i F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 191 (second part). L. Robinson and Kioss, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, M.I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. lii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 1, 1921. 46 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON in the greater extent of white on the inner primaries and second- aries, The same is the case in a female in breeding plumage in Mr. Williamson’s collection from Chantabun. Grant (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvi (1898), pp. 512-514) has noted the same tendency in birds from Burma and Luzon. Our men found this Grebe very common on a shallow pond on the edge of a swamp near the coast, together with two species of Parridae. a ee A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit, Burmah, Vols. is& ii, 1883. Gs Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. BD. Bonhote, P,Z.S, 1901, Vol. i, H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8. Museums, vy, 1915. ’ JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 47 LARIDAE GULLS AND TERNS. 1 Bill much compressed, knife-like a Rhynchops (extra limital). Bill normal ir. Ke of ‘s fe ee { Upper mandible longer than the lower Se .. Larus bruneicephalus. Mandibles of equal length én on fe sf ta 3 Plumage dark above and below: outermost tail feather 3 not the longest .. Anous stolidus. Plumage not dark below : outermost tail feather the longest Tarsus long, exceeding middle toe and claw -» Gelochelidon anglica. Tarsus short, less than middle toe and claw ae ae ay 5 5 can very stout, tail less than 1/3 the wing .. .. Hydroprogne caspia. Bill normal, taii 1/2 the wing or more i a ea 6 he almost square, the feathers rounded .. ae ve ve 7 Tail forked, the feathers pointed ah AP a die 8 pict bill blood-red in breeding plumage: tail grey in 7 non-breeding plumage : Hydrochelidon hybrida. aaa bill dull red in breeding plumage : ‘tail white in non-breeding plumage : Ke oy H. leucoptera. 8 a Jong, exceeding 3/4 the wing oF ae Seena seena. Tail shorter, less than 2/3 the wing ae Bs Sc =8 9 9 ee and back sooty brown .. . fr Sterna anaetheta. Mantle and back grey of ne ee se aie LO ta wing over 11.5 inches .. fs vie ar Ben lO: Medium, wing not more than 11 inches af Ne y we io Small, wing less than 8 inches a sic Se vo ae ll pent bill greenish = ok .. &. bergit pelecanoides. Smaller, bill orange or yellow .. Ze hs -. &. media. 12 he crown always white ae be Sc S. sumatrana. Crown black or partially black .. Se te aa Da et ts 13 (rox blackish as aa re ar S. longipennis. Feet reddish of ae f: are a ee Lt Inner webs of primaries edged with white to the tips: bill red : feet brighter .. S. dougalli. Inner webs of primaries not edged with white to the tips : bill black : feet duller ve és .. 8. fluviatilis tibetana. Shafts of all primaries white .. “ % .. S. smensis. 15 + Shafts of two outer primaries brown * ~ -. S. minuta, Shafts of three outer primaries brown ba C S. saundersi. Nore. In this Order we have not, as a rule, attempted to attach rigorously correct . subspecific names to the various forms. This is almost impossible without com- parative material from all parts of the Oriental and Australasian regions, which is not im our possession. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part), J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, MI. Baker, Journ, N.H. Soe. — a fe iii, 1919. rd pat). VOL, V, NO. 1, 1921, S 48 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 45. Larus brunneicephalus Jerd. Larus brunneicephalus, Jerdon, Madras Journ. L. 8. xii, 1840, p. 25 (Madras); A, p. 491 (south to Tongka); 1., p. 148 (Inner Gulf of Siam) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, ni, 1918, p. 36 (Inner Gulf of Siam). On the western side of Peninsular Siam only doubtfully recorded as a rare straggler as far south as Junk Seylon in winter, Apparently common in winter on the eastern side in the Inner Gulf of Siam and as far south as Koh Lak. Quite unknown from Malayan waters. 46. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall.). Sterna hybrida, Pall., Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii, p. 338 (1811, Volga), Hydrochelidon hybridi, Williamson, Journ. Nat, Hist. Soe. Siam, i, 1914, p. 48 (Bangkok); I., p. 147 (1916); Williamson, op, cit. ii, 1918, p. 37 (Bangkok). The occurrence of the Whiskered Tern in the area rests for the present on Gyldenstolpe’s bird from Koh Lak, shot in December, and therefore probably in winter plumage. This bird had a wing of 220 mm., which, though large for H. lewcoptera, is small for H. hybrida, so that the identification yet remains to be fully confirmed, The species is, however, abundant in the vicinity of Bangkok, and in east and central Siam, whence we have examined many specimens, both in breeding and winter plumage, in the collection of Mr. W. J. F. Williamson. 47. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Meisn. & Schinz). Stern leucoptera, Meisner & Schinz, Vog. Schweiz, 1815, p. 264 (Lake Geneva). Hy ydrochelidon leucoptera, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ill, 1918, p. 387 (nr. Bangkok). All specimens of this genus that we possess from the Straits of Malacca, north to Penang and the Siamese boundary, are this species which, in immature and winter plumage, can only be distin- guished from the preceding by its smaller size, white tail and_ tail- coverts, and markedly shorter bill. We have seen two specimens from Bangkok in young and winter plumage, shot in April and A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burm: wh, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 Robinson and Kloss, Tbis, 1910-11. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Robinson, Journ, F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915, JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 49 October, which we believe to be this form, but pending the receipt of adult birds in breeding plumage the identification is doubtful. Im- mature and winter plumage specimens of H. hybrida appear to have the crown more streaked than in this species. 48. Hydroprogne caspia (Pall.). Sterna caspia, Pall., Nov. Comm, Petrop. xiv, i, p. 582, tab. xxii, fig. 2 (1770). Hydroprogne caspia, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 87 (Tachin, Inner Gulf of Siam). The birds obtained by Williamson at Tachin are the only re- . cords for this species from Siam, ‘The bird is the largest of all the terns, with a wing exceeding 400 mm. (16 inches), and with an excep- tionally heavy bill. ) 49. Gelochelidon anglica (Mont.). Sterna anglica, Mont., Orn. Dict. Suppl. 1813, fig. (Sussex) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Inner Gulf of Siam). Gelochelidon anglica, A., p. 491 (Mergui); H. Saunders, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxv, 1896, p, 31., spm. s’ (Pakchan). Very common in the Straits of Malacca in the winter months : we have not ourselves met with it in Siamese waters. 50. Seena seena (Sykes). Sterna seena, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 171 (Deccan); I., p. 148 (Koh Lak). Gyldenstolpe’s record of this river tern from Koh Lak is the most southerly one. The species is not found in the Straits of Malacca, and Kelham’s records (Ibis, 1882, p. 201) are referable to Sterna media Horsf. We have examined his specimens, which are preserved in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. 51. Sterna bergii pelecanoides (King). Sterna cristata, Steph. in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. xiii, Pt. 1, 1825, p. 146 (China). Sterna pelecanoides, King, Surv. Inter trop. and West Coast Austra- lia, Vol. 2, 1827, p. 422 (Torres Straits). Sterna bergii, A., p. 493 (Bokpyin); C. ii, p. 428; E., p. 11 (Terutau); Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Sce. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 83 (Koh Rin and Koh Chuan, Inner Gulf of Siam). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 50 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Thalasseus bergii pelecanoides, J., p. 143 (Terutau). The Malayan material in our possession, though larger than that in the hands of Mr. Oberholser, is not sufficient to enable us satisfactorily to discriminate the local races of these sea-terns, our area being apparently the meeting places of three nominal forms, viz, S. b. cristatus, S.b. edwardsi and SN. b. pelecanoides, but the balance of probability is that the birds on the eastern side of the Peninsula will prove to be S. b. cristatws, while, according to Oberholser, those from the west should be S. b. edwardsi. We are unable to separate Terutau and Langkawi birds from Tioman and Rhio Island specimens which, fide Oberholser, should be S. Bb. pelecanoides King. We have examined nine fully adult birds in fresh breeding plumage from various islands in the Inner Gulf of Siam. Eight males have the wing 334-360 mm. and a female 535, the median being 347 mm. On the whole, therefore, we refer all Malayo- Siamese birds to the Australian S. b. pelecanoides. Sterna media Horsf. Sterna media, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii, 1821, p. 198 (Java) ; Howard Saunders, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxv, 1896, p. 86. This large tern, which is easily recognised by its somewhat slender, yellow-orange’ bill, is sparingly distributed in the Straits of Malacca. We have obtained it north of Penang, and there is little doubt that it will be found on the coast of west Siam: though it is only doubtfully recorded from the Tenasserim coast. It will not, in all probability, be found on the eastern side. 52. Sterna fluviatilis tibetana Saunders. Sterna tibetana, Saunders, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 649 (Thibet) ; Hume, Stray Feath. viii, 1879, p. 158 (Tongka). Sterna longipennis, Saunders, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxv, 1896, p. 60, spms. u., v. Sterna fluviatilis tibetana, J., p. 142 (Terutau). Terns of this group are common in the Straits of Malacca, and have been referred indifferently to the common European tern B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Tbis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 61 and to S. longipennis Nordm., a somewhat closely related species breeding in North China, Kamschatka, ete., and wintering in the south. All the birds found in these waters are, however, either immature or in winter plumage, and it is impossible to identify them with any great certainty. The balance of probability is in favour of their belonging to the Asiatic race, which breeds in Tibet, etc., and winters in the south, The bird has not been found on the East Coast of Siam. 53. Sterna dougalli Mont. Sterna dougalli, Mont., Orn. Dict. Supp!. 1813, fig. (no pagination- Scotland); A., p. 492 (Laynah Creek); H., p 142 (Koh Pennan) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 63 (Koh Rio and Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Siam). The Roseate Tern has been much divided and many names are available for eastern and southern races, but we do not here attempt precisely to assign the Siamese specimens to any subspecies. Two birds obtained by ourselves on Koh Pennan on 26th May, 1913, in freshly moulted full breeding plumage, have the tarsi and toes orange-red, the claws blackish, and the bills entirely black with no trace of red whatever. Wing ¢, 228: d, 213 mm. On the other hand, three males from Pulau Jemor, Aroa Ids., Straits of Malacca, shot on 2nd. August, 1906, also in full breeding plumage, have the tarsi, toes and claws orange-red, and the bills also orange-red with no trace whatever of black. Wing d, 214, 217, 230 mm. 54. Sterna sumatrana sumatrana Raffles. Sterna sumatrana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 329 (immature—Sumatra) ; A., p. 493 (Tenasserim). Sterna melanauchen, Temminck, Pl. Col. 1827 (Coast of Celebes) ; H., pp. 18, 142 (Koh Pennan, Bandon ~ Bight); Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 63 (Inner Gulf of Siam). This beaultiful tern, which in life has a delicate rosy flush over the under surface like in S, dowgalli, is a species frequenting rocky islands and keeping as a rule well out to sea. It is common I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet, Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. ‘ 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919, (third par). VOL, V, NO. 1, 1921, 52 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON on both coasts of Peninsular Siam and breeds there in May and June, laying a single egg on ledges of bare rock often only three or four feet above high tide. There is unfortunately little doubt that S. swmatrana Raffles is founded on a half grown bird of this species, and the name will therefore have to replace the widely known S. melanauchen. Sterna anaetheta anaetheta Scop. Sterna anaetheta, Scop., Del. Flor. et. Faun. Insubr. Pt. 2, 1786, p. 92 (Panay); A., p. 493 (Mergui) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 63; id. op. cit. ili, 1918, p. 85 (Inner Gulf of Siam). Probably fairly common, well out to sea, along both coasts of Peninsular Siam. It is common in the Straits of Malacca and breeds in the Aroa Ids. In the Tioman Archipelago, off the coast of Pahang, it is also a breeding bird. Sterna fuliginosa (Gm.), which differs from the aes in its larger size and broader white frontal band and superciliaries, is recorded from Petchaburi by Parrot (Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908, p. 127). It is recorded from Pegu and Tounghoo by Saunders (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxv, 1896, p. 110) and may possibly be found in the Gulf of Siam. We have seen no specimens referable to it from our area. ' 55. Sterna sinensis Gm. Sterna sinensis, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 60 (China) ; D., p. 80 (Patelung); E., p.119 (Patani) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam, ili, 1918, p. 37 (S. W. Siam). These small terns, except in summer plumage, are extremely difficult to separate, and it is by no means certain that the alleged differences are constant. The present form has_ the shafts of the outer primaries white, and the size larger, the wing as a rule exceed- ing 180 mm. In the Malay Peninsula it breeds on the sand- banks on the rivers of the east coast for some distance up from their mouths, A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. D. Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. ls O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Robinson and Kloss, Tbis, 1910-11. Gairdner, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S8. Museums, v, 1915. ronn JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOO, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 53 We have examined three specimens in breeding plumage from Koh Lak dated end of June, and three from Hua Hin, also in June, in Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s collection. Wing 174-180 mm. The black up the bill is a somewhat variable character, and in one bird from Hua Hin is practically absent. Sterna minuta Linn. Sterna minuta, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1776, p. 228 (Europe). Sterna sinensis, Hume, Stray Feathers, viii, 1879, p. 160 (Klang). Sterna gouldi, Hume, op. cit. ix, 1880, p. 131. _ Though not actually recorded as yet, the European Little Tern is certain to be found in winter on both coasts of Siam; we have it from the coast of Selangor. From 8, sinensis, in winter plumage, it can be separated by its dark shafts to the two outer primaries and its smaller size. Sterna saundersi Hume. Sterna saundersi, Hume, Stray Feathers v, 1877, pp. 324-6 (Karachi), ; This eastern form can be recognized by having the shafts of the three outer primaries dark, and the wing about 170 mm. It is met with in fair numbers in the Straits of Malacca during the winter months, and will quite possibly be found on both Siamese coasts, though it has not as yet been recorded from the area, Anous stolidus (Linn.). Sterna stolida, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 227 (American Seas). Anous stolidus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919, p. 88 (Koh Chuan, Inner Gulf of Siam). The only Siamese locality for this cosmopolitan tern is the above island in the Inner Gulf of Siam, off the S. E. coast, where it was found breeding by Williamson in May 1918. It is extremely rare in the Straits of Malacca, but we have one specimen from Pulau Jarak, off the Dindings, shot by Mr. Seimund on November 16th, 1919, on which date large numbers were seen. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. Je Robi 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). e »binson, Journ, F, M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, This, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO, 1, 1921, 54 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON LIMICOL2. PLOVERS, WADERS, SNIPE, ETC. 1 {Nostrils impervious, form swallow-like aa Glareola p. maldivarum. | Nostrils pervious 7" rs » {Hye very large, bill extremely stout and heavy “| Eye not specially large, bill not specially heavy 3 | Toes three | Toes four ( Bill longer than head ; plumage not strongly streaked .. ae Orthorhamphus am. scommophorus. | Bill shorter than head ; plumage , strongly streaked .. fe ae Oedicnemus @. indicus. (Toes and claws enormously elongated | Toes and claws not specially elongated ‘With frontal lappets; primaries without 6- terminal processes o3 With no frontal lappets ; primaries with ( terminal processes ae + Hydrophasianus chirurgus. Metopidius indicus. ( With the nasal groove not extending ‘beyond half the length of the culmen ae 530 ae With the nasal groove extending over the greater part of the upper mandible {Bill not much longer than head. . te se as of | Bill very much longer than head ie Himantopus himantopus. ( With the bill not markedly swollen g. ._at the tips of mandibles ri 3c xe Arenaria wmterpres. With the bill markedly swollen at the tips of both mandibles .. { With a spur or knob at the angle of the wing 10 | With no spur or knob at the angle of the wing nT (With a wattle in front of the eye .. Sarcogrammus 1. atronuchalis. | With no wattle in front of the eye ae .. Hoplopterus ventralis. 12 { With a hind toe ig ae in .. Squatarola helvetica. { With no hind toe ae 13 {Plumage above spotted with yellow ae Charadrius pluvialis fulvus. | Plumage above not spotted with yellow ae we 36 14 {No complete white ring round the neck {A complete white ring round the neck ( Bill stout; shaft of 3rd primary partly white 15- Bill slender; shaft of 3rd primary dark throughout ; wing 6.5 inches oe es Aegialitis veredus. 6 { Larger ; bill from gape 1.0; wing 5.5 inches ma Aegialitis geoffroyi. {Smaller; bill from gape 0.75 ; wing 5.0 inches tr Aegialitis mongolus. 17 : black or fuscus band across the fore-breast Aegialitis dubius curomcus. No black or fuscus band across the fore-breast o4 18 be larger os bye Aegialitis alexrandrinus dealbatus. Bill smaller 5 A Bre .. Aegialitis a. peron. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, 7: Dromas ardeola. m= Ow 19 10 if! 12 13 14 15 17 16 18 THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 9 { Toes markedly webbed - Toes practically free to the base 20 Bill long, much exceeding the tail | Bill moderate, not much if at all exceeding ‘the tail Bill strongly curved .. Bill almost straight .. 29 Smaller; top of head with a single median stripe Numenius ph. pheopus. Larger ; top of head much striped e. -» Numenius a. lineatus. 23 Bill widened and pitted at the tip -» Macrorhamphus q. taczanowskii. Bill not widened or pitted at the tip 24 Tail barred = se . Limosa limosa melanuroides. Tail not barred es we ‘Limosa lapponica novae-zelandiae. 25 Bill from gape not less than the tarsus or only slightly less Bill from gape less than tarsus Bill curved upwards we Tarsus much longer than middle toe and claw ne Tarsus equal to, or shorter than, middle toe and claw .. 8 Wing over 5 inches; rump white As ae Totanus ochrophus. Wing under 5 inches ; rump like the back .. -. Tringoides hypoleucos. bo 99 Legs red or reddish .. 4" se ois sid “ Legs sage-green os te Ae as Totanus stagnatilis. Secondaries pure white =e re Totanus calidris. 3 ‘4 0 | Secondaries barred brown and white ee ee Totanus fuscus. 1 Bill very slender bi ce He He Terekia cinerea. Bill much stouter w 26 iat straight or slightly curved downwards Inner and middle toes united at the base by a membrane; 9. bill stout; tarsus less than 2 inches ae .. Pseudoglottis guttifer. Ianer and middle toes hardly united at the base by a mem- brane; bill more slender ; tarsus more than 2.25 inches Glottis nebularius. Wing 6.5 inches and over ; sexes markedly different in breeding plumage “e Pavoncella pugnax. 3) Wing less than 5.5 inches; sexes ; practically alike in > breeding plumage ea +t Rhyacophilus glareola. 34 ke not placed far back in head Eyes placed far back in head ‘ 35 bari from gape not longer than tarsus Bill from gape longer than tarsus 36 ay first primary with shafts white ; ae ae All primaries with shafts partly white = ah Limonites minuta. 37 {ou tail feathers pale brown ; middle toe 0.9 inch Limonites m. subminuta. Outer tail feathers pure white; middle toe 0.75 inch .. Limonites temmincki. 38 fea straight ; wing about 7 inches ! x Tringa tenuirostris. Bill decurved at tip; wing less than 6 inches eat “We a 39 ( Bill narrow ; wing about 5 inches = ( Ancylochilus subarquatus. | Bill broad ; wing about 4 inches. Reeth Limicola platyrhyncha. VOL, V, No. 1, 1921, 55 20 34 21 25 22 23 24 26 27 31 29 28 30 32 39 56 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 40 (Bill decurved, not pitted at tip; sexes dissimilar .. Rostratula capensis. | Bill almost straight, pitted at tip; sexes similar ete Be atta 41 1 { Black markings on head and neck longitudinal é a tie 42 | Black markings on head and neck transverse 53 Scolopax rusticola. Distance between tips of shortest secondries and longest ( ; 49 primary less than 2 inches ; tail feathers 18 .. Gallinago nemoricola. “" Distance between tips of shortest secondries and longest primary more than 2 inches sf 4 Se Pre 2" » {Outer tail feathers not narrowed, and not exceeding 16 Gallinago gallinago. ” | Outer tail feathers narrowed, exceeding 18 .. ae AP ates ete 44 {Tail feathers 26; outer 8 on each side very narrow Ac Gallinago sthenura. | Tail feathers 20; outer 6 on each side rather narrow... Gallinago megala. 56. Glareola pratincola maldivarum Forst. Glareola (Pratincola) maldivarum, Forster, Faun, Ind., p. 11, 1795 (Maldives) ; I., p. 142 (Koh Lak). Glareola orientalis, A., p. 454. 3d. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 6 April, 1919. (No. 5110). “Tris dark; bill black, crimson at base; feet greyish black.” Total length 228; wing 189; tail 82; tarsus 37; bill from gape 25.5 mm, Dromas ardeola Payk. Dromas ardeola, Paykull, Kungl. Vet. Akad. Handl, Stockh. xxvi, 1805, pp. 182, 188, tab. 8 (India) ; Robinson, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. v, 1913, p. 17 (Pulau Pintu Gedong, Selangor). fo) The Crab-Plover has once been obtained in the Straits of Selangor and may occur on the west coast of Siam. In colour the bird is mainly black and white, and may be recognised by the characters given in the key. 57. Orthorhamphus magnirostris scommophorus Oberholser. * Esacus magnirostris, A., p. 459 (Mergui Archipelago). Orthorhamphus magnirostris scommophorus, Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus, 55, 1919, p 133 (Tambelan Ids.). d ad. De Lisle Id. (Koh Piam), W. Siam. 19 February, 1919. (No. 4128). * We use Oberholser’s name, though, as Mathews and Iredale point out (Man. Birds Australia, i, 1921, p. 118), its application is based on a misconception due to an error in labelling. A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant. Fasciculi Mal: 5 ili (Birds By) B. Miiller, Tie Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. Fr Robinson aaa iced SPH R ite PE oe Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols, i, & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D, Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i Robinson, Journ, F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 57 “Tris yellow-brown ; bill black, yellowish green at base ; tarsi pale wax-yellow, toes more greyish slate.” Total length 532; wing 272; tail 128; tarsus 88; bill from gape 85mm. This Stone-Plover has not been recorded previously from Siam. It has been seen or obtained on several occasions in the Mergui Archipelago, of which De Lisle Id. is practically one. The present bird was one of a pair feeding on the edge of a reef at low tide. This form is stated to differ from the typical Australian race only in its slightly shorter bill’ No large series appear to have been examined, (edicnemus oedicnemus indicus (Salvad.). Oedicnemus indicus, Salvad., Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. viii, 1866, p. 380 (Himalayas). Oedicnemus scolopax, C. ii, p. 356; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 33 (near Bangkok). The Indian Stone-Curlew will not improbably be found on dry plains in S. W. and Peninsular Siam. It can be separated from the preceding by its relatively smaller and shorter bill and by its more streaked and variegated plumage. 58. Metopidius indicus (Lath.). Parra indica, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 765 (India). Metopidius indicus, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). 3d, 9%. Koh Lak,S. W. Siam. 7 April, 1919. (Nos. 5142, 5144). “Tris dark; bill yellow, base of upper mandible, from nostrils, and shield dull olive-green; feet pale red-green, tibia more yellowish”. Total length d, 270; 2, 290; wing d, 162; 2, 173; tail ¢, 43; 2, 43; tarsus 5, 70; 2, 74; bill from gape d, 32; 2,.37 mm. These birds do not appear to be very young—the feathers of the upper surface having no sandy margins—but the under surface is i. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 58 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON uniform whitish, strongly washed with buff on the breast. The crowns are chestnut, streaked with black, and the frontal wattles are smaller than in dark bellied birds. Possibly they represent a non- breeding, as distinct from a juvenile, plumage. Ten specimens in Mr. Williamson’s collection from various parts of Siam, dated Novem- ber to April, all have the under surface black. 59. Hydrephasianus chirurgus (Scop.). Tringa chirurgus, Scop., De!. Flor, et Faun. Insubr. 11, 1786, p. 92 (Philippines). Hydrophasianus chirurgus, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; M.1., p. 38 (Krabin, C. Siam). 9. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 6 April, 1919. (No 5211). “Tris dark; bill bluish sea-green, darker at base; feet sea- green” . Total length 213; wing 215; tail 63; tarsus 52.5; bill from gape 32 mm. This Jacana, with white lower plumage (winter), was shot on a shallow lagoon together with grebes and the preceding species. It has not hitherto been recorded from Siam, with the excep- tion of Gairdner’s and Stuart Baker's specimens. Mr. W. J. F. Wil- liamson informs us, however, that he found the bird in considerable numbers at Klong Rangsit, a little to the north of Bangkok, in January 1916, on flooded ground largely covered with reeds and coarse grasses. In the Malay Peninsula it is widely distributed but extremely rare. 60. Himantopus himantopus (Linn.). Charadrius himantopus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 255 (Hurope). Himantopus himantopus, I., p. 145 (between Ratburiand Koh Lak). Himantopus candidus, Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 835 (Meklong); M.1., p. 39 (Paklat, nr. Bangkok). The above records by Gyldenstolpe, Williamson and Stuart Baker are the sole ones from the Kingdom of Siam*. The bird has *We believe this bird to be fairly common in suitable localities, at ; all events in the central parts of the country. It is well-known to the Siamese and has a distinctive name, Vok tin thian (unfusigy):-—Eds. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 59 been obtained twice in the Peninsula, in Jelebu and in Singapore Island, 61. Arenaria interpres (Linn.). Tringa interpres, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 248 (Europe). Streprilas interpres, E., p. 119 (Patani Coast). Arenaria interpres, J., p. 138 (Koh Muk, Trang). The above specimens, from the coasts of Patani and Trang, are the only ones recorded from Siam. In the Malay Peninsula it is sparingly distributed along the western coast from August to April. 62. Sarcogrammus indicus atronuchalis Blyth. Sarcogramma atrogularis, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxxi, 1862, p. 345 (‘Tounghoo). Lobivanellus atronuchalis, Blyth in Jerdon’s Birds India, iii, 1864, p. 648 (Burma); A., p. 457; B., p. 82 (Salanga) ; C. ii, p. 374. Sarcogrammus atronuchalis, F., p. 11 (Trang) ; G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petch«buri). Sarcogrammus indica atronuchalis, 1., p. 146 (Koh Lak) ; J., p. 138 (Terutau) ; K., p. 85 (Koh Lak) ; L., p. 91 (Ghirbi and and Pulau Panjang). : 9. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 10 April, 1919. (No. 5223). “Tris dark ; tip of bill black, base, lappets and eye-ring coral red ; feet pale lemon-yellow.” Total length 315; wing 215; tail 114; tarsus 71; bill from gape 34mm. This Wattled Plover is exceedingly common in open spaces over the whole of the area, and also in suitable localities over the rest of the Malay Peninsula down to Johore; met with as a rule in small flocks up to seven or eight individuals. 63. Hoplopterus ventralis (Wag].). Charadrius ventralis, Wagl., Syst. Av. Charadrius, p. 59, sp. ii, (1827). Hoplopterus ventralis, A., p. 457 (Pakchan); C. ii, p. 375; F., p. 11 (Trang); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Probably rare and attaining its southern limit in Trang. Specimens from that locality, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, are in Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. lle 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.t. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921, 60 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON the United States Natural History Museum, while the species was seen but not procured by us in the same district in 1909. 64. Squatarola helvetica (Linn.). Tringu helvetica, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 250. (Switzerland). Squatarola squatarola, 1., p. 143 (Koh Lak). Squatarola helveticr, J., p. 138 (Koh Muk, Trang). The Grey Plover is probably not uncommon during the winter months in the west coast of Siam, as it is fairly abundant further south : on the east coast it may be expected to be rarer. 65. Charadrius pluvialis fulvus Gm. Charadrius fulvus, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 687 (Tahiti) ; AN, p. 455 (Pakchan) ; C. i, p. 364; G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petch- aburi.) : Charadrius dominicus, D., p. 79 (Patelung) ; E., p. 116 (Patani) ; K., p. 85 (Koh Lak). Charadrius longipes, B., p. 82 (Junk Seylon). Charadrius dominicus fulvus, L., p. 143 (Koh Lak). 3. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 8 March, 1919. (No. 4493): “Tris dark ; bill greenish black, paler at base ; feet pale greyish green,” Total length 244; wing 101; tail 65; tarsus 40; bill from gape 28 mm. Common in the winter months. Aegialitis veredus (Gould). Charadrius veredus, Gould, P. Z. S., 1848, p. 38 (Northern Australia). Charadius asiaticus, Finsch, Ibis, 1872, p. 144 (Saigon). Though there are no actual records of the occurrence of the Eastern Dotterel in Siam, we have inserted the species in the key, as it has been recorded from several places in the Malay Peninsula and from Cochin-China and is certain to be met with in Siam in the winter months, 66. Aegialitis geoffroyi ( Wagl. ). Charadrius geoffroyi, Wagl., Syst. Av., Charadrius, p. 61, No. 19, 1827 (Java) ; K., p. 85 (Koh Lak ). Cirrhipidesmus geoffroyi, B., p. 83. Ochthodromus geoffroyi, L., p. 143 ( Koh Lak ). A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols, i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8.1901, Vol. i. Hi. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 61 2. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 7 April, 1919. (No. 5139). “Tris dark; bill black; feet pale bluish slate, tinged green.” The Sand-Plover occurs sparingly throughout the Malay Peninsula, and probably Siam, though not nearly as common as the following, 67. Aegialitis mongolus (Pall.). Charadrius mongolus, Pall., Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii, 1776, p. 700 (Russia). Aegialitis mongolus, B., p. 455; C. ii, p. 368; E., p. 118 (Patani); I., p. 143 (Koh Lak). Ochthodromus pyrrhothorax, F., p. 12 (Terutau); H., p. 142 (Koh Pennan); J., p. 139 (Koh Muk). Cirrepidesmus geoffroyi, B., p. 83 (Junk Seylon). 22. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 7 April, 1919. “Tris black ; bill black; feet pale greenish grey with a tinge of blue.” Total lengh 182, 182; wing 128, 120; tail 48, 45; tarsus 33.5, 32.5; bill from gape 22, 20.5 mm. Two races of this Sand-Plover—a western one, Ae. pyrrho- thorax, and the present one—are Supposed to occur in our area: the majority of specimens should perhaps be referred to the former, which is stated to have a slightly longer tarsus. It is, however, practically impossible to discriminate with any certainty individual birds in winter plumage, and we have therefore retained all the local birds under the older name. 68. Aegialitis dubius curonicus (Gm.). Charadrius curonicus, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, pt. 2, 1788, p. 692 (Curonia). Aegialitis curonicus, A., p. 456 (Pakchan). Aegialitis minutus, A., p. 456 (Assoon). Aegialitis fluviatilis, B., p. 83 (Junk Seylon). Aegialitis dubia, C. ii, p. 370; E., p. 118 (Patani); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Aegialitis jerdoni, C. ii, p. 371. Aegialitis dubius curonicus, Hartert and Jackson, Ibis, 1915, p. 533. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, MI. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. - 62 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 23. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 3, 4 April, 1919. (Nos. 5007, 5044). “Tris dark hazel; eye lappet chrome or pale chrome; bill black, base of lower mandible yellow; feet dirty flesh, joints greyish, toes black.” Total length 170, 172; wing 108, 148; tail 64, 63; tarsus 23.5, 25; bill from gape 13, 16 mm. These specimens are in full breeding plumage, and on that consideration, and from the date on which they were obtained, should probably be referred to the tropical resident race, Ae. d. jerdond, Legge, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1880, p. 39 (Ceylon and Central India), if that race is to be kept distinct, as it probably should be. The northern race should also occur in winter on migration, but is difficult to distinguish in the series before us. 69. Aegialitis alexandrinus dealbatus Swinh. Aegialitis dealbatus, Swinh., P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 138 (South Coast, China). Aegialitis alecandrina, I., p. 145 (Koh Lak). Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus, ‘Hartert and Jackson, Ibis, 1915, p. 528; K., p. 85 (Koh Lak). Aegialitis cantianus, A., p. 456 (Mergui). All specimens of this Plover that we have seen from Siam and from the Malay: Peninsula in winter have large bills, from 15—19 mm. measured on the bare part of the culmen, and therefore must be considered to belong to the Chinese and Hainan race in winter quarters. We have no evidence that the typical Ae. a. alexandrinus (i. e., the bird with a small bill) comes as far south as the Malay Peninsula, though our series is not large. On the other hand, we think it probable that many specimens which are really females or young examples of the following race have been confused with the present form or with de. a. alexandrinus. Kloss notes the soft parts as, “Iris dark; bill black ; legs stone-grey or yellowish grey; feet grey-black.” A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883, G« Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. Robinson, Journ. F, M.§. Museums, v; 1915, JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE B:RDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 63 70. Aegialitis alexandrinus peroni (Bp.). Charadrius peroni, Bp., Compt. Rend. xlii, 1856, p. 417 (Java). Aegialitis alecandrinus, H., p. 142 (Koh Pennan and Koh Samui). Aegialitis peroni, Vaughan and Joues, Ibis, 1913, p. 362 (South Kast China) ; I., p. 144 (Kob Lak). Aegialitis alenandrinus peroni, J., p. 139 (Pulau Telibun, Trang). We have from the Malay Peninsula and various islands off the coast a considerable series of a small plover, with the wing always below 100 mm., and which therefore cannot, apart from other considerations, be referred to any of the usually recognized races of Ae. alexandrinws. Our series has been compared with a large number of specimens of true de, peron: from Borneo, with which they agree. We have little doubt that many specimens, es- pecially females or immature birds, -have been. recorded as Ae. alexandrinus, although really this form which, in any event, can only be regarded as a resident tropical race diminished in size and intensified in colour precisely analogous with Ae. ¢. jerdoni. Lieut. R. E. Vaughan and Staff Surgeon K. H. Jones record this form from S. E. China, stating that it arrives from the north from August to November and is resident during the winter months. 71. Numenius arquatus lineatus Cuv. Numenius lineatus, Cuv., Regne. Anim. i, 1829, p. 521; A., p. 450 (Pakchan) ; Hume, Stray Feath. ix, 1880 (Tongka). Numenius arquatus, C.ii, p. 412 (Tenasserim Coast); F., p. 12 (Peninsular Siam) ; I., p. 145 (Koh Lak). The Curlew is apparently rare and always hard to secure. 72. Numenius phaeopus phaeopus (Linn.). Numenius ph:eopus variegatus (Scop.). Scolopax phaeopus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 243 (Europe). Tantalus variegatus, Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Ins. Ubi. ii, 1786, p. 92 (Luzon). Numenius phaeopus, A., p. 460 (Pakchan); C. ii, p. 411 (Tenass- erim coast); F., p. 12 (Peninsular Siam). Common in large flocks on the western coast in winter: a few specimens found single as late as June. Birds from Siam may be- I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. _ 656, No. 2, 1916. (first part). .J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L, Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL V5. NO} 1; 1921. 64 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON long to either of these forms, which are not very easily distinguished from each other. 73. Macrorhamphus griseus taczanowskii (Verr.). Micropalama taczanowskia, Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1860, p. 206, pl. 14 (Dauria). Macrorhamphus taczanowskii, Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc, Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Lakon, Peninsular Siam). We have a specimen obtained in the Dindings by Mr. R. J. Wilkinson’s collectors. Limosa limosa melanuroides Gould. Limosa melanuroides, Gould, P. Z. 8S. 1846, p. 84 (Port Essington) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Inner Gulf of Siam). No Godwits are common anywhere in our area, but this species is less rare than L. 1. novae-zelandiae. 74 Limosa lapponica novae-zelandiae Gray. Limosa lapponica var. novae-zelandiae, Gray, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Birds, 1846, p. 13. Limosa novae-zelandiae, Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Bandon). We have only seen one specimen of this species, a male in incipient breeding plumage, from Temerloh, Klang Straits. 7%. Tyringoides hypoleucos (Linn.). Tringa hypoleucos, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 250 (Europe). Tringoides hypoleucos, A., p. 463 (Mergui); B., p. 83 (Salanga Id.); F., p. 18 (Malay Peninsula); I., p. 146 (Gulf of Siam) ; J., p. 140 (Telibon Id); L., p. 91 (Ghirbi and Pulau Panjang). 14,19. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 38—6 April, 1919. [Nos. 5009, 5103}. . Total length ¢, 200; 2; 200; wing, do, 108; 9, 112; tail 3,60; 2, 62; tarsus d, 24.5; 2, 23; bill from gape d, 25; 9, 28 mm. “Tris dark; bill greenish black, paler at base; feet greenish grey, yellower at knees.” Of universal distribution, practically throughout the year. A. Tlume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F_ Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. DB, Bonhote, P.Z.8.1901, Vol. i H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. §8. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM- 65 Totanus ochrophus (Linn.). T'ringa ochrophus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 250 (Europe). Totanus ochropus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Uist. Soe. Siam, i, 1914, p. 48 (Bangkok); I., p. 145 (“ Every part of Siam”). We doubt if this species is anything like as common as stated by Gyldenstolpe, who, it may be observed, did not obtain specimens. We have neither obtained nor seen it from any part of Siam. We have not sufficient material to express an opinion as to whether the Eastern form, described by Mathews (Austral. Av. Record, i, 1913, p. 188) from Assam as Tring ochropus assumi, is really valid, 76. Totanus stagnatilis Bechst. Totanus stagnatilis, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., pt. 2, 1803, p. 292, pl.; A., p. 463 (Yea-boo, Moulmein); Williamson, Jourv. Nat. Hist. Sos. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Tachin and Bangplasoi, Inner Gulf of Siam). 12. Koh Lak, 8S. W. Siam. 4 April, 1919. [No. 5036]. Total length 252; wing 147; tail 70; tarsus 52; bill from gape 43 mm. “Tris dark ; bill black, paler at base; feet yellowish sage : The above bird is in breeding plumage, with black patches in the feathers of the upper surface.. It is a very rare bird throughout our area. The Eastern birds have been separated under the name Totanus stagnatilis horsfieldi 1 (Sykes). 77. Totanus calidris ( Linn. ). Scolopux calidris, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 245 (Kurope). Totanus calidris, A., p. 464 (Pakchan) ; I., p. 145 (Gulf of Siam) ; J., p. 140 (Koh Muk, Trang). Extremely common everywhere on mud-flats, in a few inst- ances arriving as early as August and staying as late as May. 1 Limosa horsfieldi, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 163 (Dukhun, India). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. VY, NO. 1, 1921. 66 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 78. Totanus fuscus ( Linn. ). Scolopax fusca, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p 243 (Europe). Totanus fuscus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 35 (Chainat, Central Siam, and mouth of Chao Phya river, near Bangkok). Williamson’s birds above noted are the sole recorded speci- mens from Siam. 79. Terekia cinerea ( Giilden. ). Scolopax cinerea, Giildenstadt, Nov, Comm. Petrop., xix, digas p. 473, pl. 19 (S. E: Russia ). Terekia cinerea, A, p. 460 ( Tavoy ); C. ii, p. 407 ( Tenasserim ) ; E., p. 118 (Jalor) ; F., p. 13 (Peninsular Siam); Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc Siam, iii, 1918, p. 35 (Mcuth of Chao Phya river, near Bangkok. Probably common everywhere in winter at river mouths and on mud-flats. Pseudoglottis guttifer (Nordm.). Totanus guttifer, Nordman in Erman’s Reise u. d. Erde, 1835, 17 Bini haughtoni, C. ii, p. 406 (Amherst, Tenasserim). Pseudoglottis guttifer, F., p. 13 (Kedah and Perak). This species is rare in collections, probably on account of its close resemblance to the true Greenshank. It is certain to be met with on the coasts of Trang and Setul, and probably in other localities also, 80. Glottis nebularius (Gunner). Scolopax nebularius, Gunner, Leem, Lap. Beschr., 1767, p. 251 (Lapland). Totanus glottis, A., p. 463 (Tenasserim town). Totanus canescens, CO, ii, p. 492, Glottis nebularius, F., p. 13 (Terutau Id.) ; [., p. 146 (Koh Lak) ; J., p 140 (Koh Muk, Trang). The Greenshank is very common on the western coast ; it is probably a good deal rarer on the eastern side of the Peninsula. Pavoncella pugnax ( Linn. ), Tringa pugnax, Livn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 247 ( Europe ). Machetes pugnax, C. ii, p. 396 (Lower Pegu: mouth of Sittang river). A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. H Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. ; SoN “ + Robinson, Journ. F.M.S8. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 67 The Ruff is almost certain to be eventually found in Lower Siam: there are somewhat doubtful records from the Malay Peninsula. 81. Rhyacophilus glareola (Linn.). Tringa glareola, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 250 (Sweden ). Rhyacophilus glareola, A, p. 462 (Pakchan); B., p. 83 (Salanga Id.); D., p. 80 (Patelung); F., p. 13 (Trang); 1., p. 146 (Koh Lak). Totanus glareola, C. ii, p. 401. 1 2 ad. Mamoh, Pakchan. 27 February, 1919. [No. 4294]. 5 6,8 2. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 3—9 April, 1919. [Nos. 5008, 5884-5, 5084, 5104-7, 5130-1, 5159, 5181, 5210]. “Tris dark ; bill black, greenish at base; feet sage-green or greenish grey.” Total length d, 225, 215, 216, 220; 9, 220, —, 210, 212, 211, 223, 208, 223, 223. Wing d, 125, 117 (m.), 129, 122, 126; @, 128, 125, 124, 127, 126, 128, 121, 127, 127. Tail 3, 54, 48, 57,58; 92, 58, 60, 45, 54, 58, 56, 50, 55, 60. Tarsus ¢, 38.5, 38, 36, 35, 33.5; 2, 38, 34, 37.5, 39, 37, 38, 34, 36, 38. Bill from gape ¢, 31, 31, 33, 30, 31; 2, 34, —, 32, 33, 30, 33.5, 32, 33, 34 mm. Very common everywhere. 82.( Limonites minuta minuta (Leisl.). 83.{ Limonites minuta ruficollis (Pall.). Tringa minuta, Le'sler in Bechst. Naturg. Deutsch]. Nachtr. i, 1912, p. 74; A., p. 461 (Mergui); C. ii, p 389 (Mergui, Tongka); K., p. 118 (Patani). Tringa ruficollis, Pallas, Reis. Russ. Reich. iii, 1766, p. 700 (Siberia). Limonites ruficollis, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiv, 1896, p. 547 (Mergui, Tongkah Id.) ; F.. p. 14 (Kedah). : We are unable to disentangle the records relating to the Eastern and Western series of this Stint, viz., Z.m. minuta and L. m. ruficollis, which are almost impossible to discriminate in I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921, 68 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON winter plumage. Both occur, the latter in very mueh larger num- bers than the former. 84. Limonites minutilla subminuta (Middend.). Tringa rayne Middendorf, Reise in Nord. und Ost. Sibir. ii- 1851, p. 222, pl. xix, fig. 6 (Siberia) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H, Soc. ee i, 1975,-0. 199 (Bangkok). Tringa ruficollis, A., p. 461 (near Tavoy)- Limonites damacensis, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiv, 1896, p. 555 (Tavoy and Salanga I[d.). Erobia subminuta, M. 1, p. 39 (Klong Wang Hip, Peninsular Siam). 1 ¢. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 7 April, 1919. [No. 5134). Total length 155; wing 90; tail 48; tarsus 23; bill from gape 18.5 mm. | “Tris dark; bill black, dull greenish yellow at base of lower mandible; feet dull greyish sage-green, darker on joints.” Very common. Limonites temmincki (Leisl.). Tringa temmincki, Leisl. in Bechst. Naturg. Deutsch. Nachtr. ii, 1812, p. 78 (Germany); A., p. 461 (Tavoy); C. ii, p. 392 (Tenasserim); Williamson, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, 1915, p. 199 (Bangkok). This Stint has not been recorded as yet from the Malay Peninsula: it is however almost certain to occur in the northern parts. ; : 85. Tringa tenuirostris (Horsf.). Totanus tenuirosiris, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 192 (Java). Tringa crassirostris, Fann. Jap. 1847, p. 107, pl. 64; Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 35 (near Meklong, Central Siam ): Williamson found the Eastern Knot common in the above locality. In the Malay Peninsula, whence we have only four speci- mens, it is a very rare bird. 86. Ancylochilus subarquatus (Giildenst.). Scolopax subarquata, Gildenstadt, Nov. Comm. Petrop. xix, 1774, p. 471. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malavepses. iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G.- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. a Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915, pop> JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 69 Tringa subarquata A., p. 460 ( Mergui ) ; E., p. 118 ( Patani ) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 62 (Lakon and Bandon, Peninsul: iv Siam). Pelidna subarquata, C. ii, p. 395 (Tenasserim). Probably fairly common. Gyldenstolpe (Ibis, 1920, p. 761) records this bird under the name T'ringa ferruginea chinensis J. E. Gray. 87. Limicola platyrhyncha (‘J’emm.). Tringa platyrhyncha, Temminck, Man. d’Orn. 1815, p. 398; E, p. 118 (Patani); Williamson, Journ N.H.S8. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 86 (Mouth of Chao Phya river, near Bangkok). Not common, though large flocks usually occur. Recorded by Gyldenstolpe (Ibis, 1921, p. 761) as Limicola falcinellus (Briinnich). 88. Rostratula capensis ( Linn.). Scolopax capensis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1776, p. 246 (Cape of Giked Hope). Rostratula capensis, Herbert, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, i, 1914, p- 54 (Bangkok). In the Malay Peninsula the Painted Snipe is a fairly common species; the same will be true of it in most parts of Siam. Scolopax rusticola Linn. Scolopax rusticola, Lion., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 243 (Europe) ; A., p- 459 (near Tavoy). The Woodcock has once been obtained in the Malay Peninsula and there are one or two visual records of fair credibility ; it is there- fore likely to occur in Peninsular Siam. Mr. W. J. F. Williamson informs us that the bird is fairly common in Northern Siam in the winter months, and that it is regularly obtained by sportsmen, from near Chiengmai down to Raheng, between October and March. Gallinago nemoricola Hodgs. Gallinago nemoricola, Hodgson, P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 8 (Nepal); A., p. 459 (Observed near Malewun). We include this species on Davison’s very emphatic state- ment. It should be noted, however, that the species bears a strong + Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. i] F 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.It. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 70 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON resemblance to G. megala, with which presumably Davison was not acquainted, but which has, of late years, been proved to occur in considerable numbers both in the Malay Peninsula and in the Madras Presidency. No specimens of G. nemoricola shot by Davison are included in the Hume collection now in the British Museum. 89. Gallinago gallinago (Linn.). Scolopax gallinago, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 244 (Europe). Gallinago coelestis, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Gallinago gallinago, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiv, 1896, p. 641 (Salanga Id.). The Fantail will be found in every large bag of snipe obtain- ed in Siam, especially in the middle of the. season. It is very common at Bangkok, where (fide Williamson, in (zft.) it usually arrives in the latter half of September, i. e., a month or so later than the Pintail, and also leaves earlier. The latest recorded date for the Fantail in Bangkok is 30th March, by which date it is getting scarce, although the Pintails-are still numerous. 90. Gallinago sthenura (Kuhl). Scolopax sthenura, Kuhl, Bonap. Ann. Stor. Nat. Bologna, iv, 1830, fase. xiv, p. 335 (Sunda Islands). Gallinago stenura, A. ee 459 (Pakchan) ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxiv, 1896, 622 (Salanga Ids.); E., p. 117 (Patani) ; Fp. 14 4 Trang) ; 6. , p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; A De 91 (Pualu Panjang). 1d. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 7 April, 1919. [No. 5141]. Total length 255; wing 126; tail 50; tarsus 32; bill from gape 61 mm. “Tris dark ; bill yellowish brown, apical third black; feet grey, toes darker.” According to Williamson (in litt.), the Pintail, arrives in Bangkok during the first half of August : the earliest recorded date is the 10th. . Gallinago megala Swinh. Gollinago megala, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, p. 343 ( Pekin ). There are no actual records of this Chinese Snipe from Siam, Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds . Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. . Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M,S8. Museums, vy, 1915. \ pop JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 71 but it is almost certain to occur in small numbers throughout the country. It isa larger, more solidly built, bird than either of its local congeners, and can be at once recognized by the characters of the outer tail-feathers as defined in our key. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M. I. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1,:1921. 72 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON GRUIDAE CRANES. 91. Antigone antigone sharpii (Blanford). Grus (Antigone) sharpii, Blanford, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, v, 1895, p. vii (Burmese provinces). Grus antigone, G., p. 30 (Ratburi). Grus sharpii, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchabur). We saw this species in the rice fields near Sawi Bay, S. of Chumpon, in April 1919. It is occasionally met with in the north of the Peninsula, but we know of no authentic instances of its occur- rence south of Kuala Kangsar. Penang specimens in the British Museum are almost certainly from Trang or Perlis. 5 A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. BD, Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Robinson, Journ. F, M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. romm JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 73 IBIDIDAE IBISES. Swrmoee plumage white, dissected oa as Ibis melanocephala. Larger: plumage dark ve 2 9 Neck feathered to nape, smaller.. a te Inocotis davisoni. Neck naked to nape, larger oe “ .. Thaumatibis gigantea. 92. Ibis melanocephala (Lath.). Tantalus melanocephalus, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 709 (India). Ibis melanocephala, C. ii, p. 268 (Tenasserim); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., p. 89 (Bandon river). The white Ibis is fairly abundant on both coasts in suitable localities, but is usually almost impossible to approach. 93. Inocotis davisoni (Hume). Geronticus davisoni, Hume, Stray Feath. iii, 1875, p. 300 (Pakchan). Graptocephalus davisoni, Elliot, P. Z.S. 1877, p. 490; A., p. 485 (Pakchin) ; C. ii. p. 269 (South Tenasserim) ; F., p. 17 (Trang) ; H., p. 89 (Bandon); J., p. 141 (Pulau Lontar); L., p. 92 (Ghirbi and Koh Naka Yai). Pseudibis papillosa, B., p. 85 (Junk Seylon). This dark Ibis, though it appears to us but little more than a strongly marked race of the Indian I. papillosa, has been elevated to é generic rank, partly on the shape of its cranium, and partly on account of the alleged absence of rugose papille in the occiput and, therefore, different colour. As a matter of fact our series shows that these papille are definitely present, at any rate at certain seasons, and we do not think that the bird can profitably be kept generically distinct. As regards bare parts, our birds are consistently coloured and show no trace of red on the head, as is reported in the case of birds from E, Siam, Cambodia and Yunnan, which have been named G. harmandi Oustalet. These birds are either distinct from the present species or, more probably, are to be referred to the true I. papillosa. 94. Thaumatibis gigantea (Oust.). Ibis gigantea, Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philomath. (7), i, 1877, p. 25 (Cochin-China). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker, Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M™M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. ili, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO, 1, 1921, 74 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Thaumatibis gigantea, Elliot, P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 489; F., p. 17, Pl. I. text figs. 5, 7 (Trang); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. ii, 1916, p. 71, Pl. (Ratburi); id. op. cit. iv, 1921, p. 196 (Coast of Cambodia). We saw one specimen of this rare Ibis (which is, however, apparently still fairly common on the Cambodian coast) from the train in a marshy patch of ground, just south of Koh Lak. Elsewhere in Peninsular Siam it has been obtained on Pulau Terutau by Dr. W. L. Abbott. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. ©. O. Grant Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Bi 1 [ Nn, athers, vi, ; « ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), i e ee ylang pe angel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. . er « Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge. Gai i . N. H. Soc. Siz i 5 Bi Moin Pe Sion Is 3 yairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. « Robinson, Journ, F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 75 CICONIIDAE. STORKS. 1 Marcaitie separated in middle .. nf .. Anastomaus oscitans. Mandibles normal ae ba FA ate a ey 9 Be of head with a bony cap, unfeathered 3 Top of head without a bony cap, variably feathered eo et i Larger, with a gular pouch; wing 30 inches or over a Leptoptilus dubia. Smaller, without a gular pouch ; wing 27 inches a or under a ate OF .. Leptoptilus javanica. 4 teat straight, crown feathered .. ar 3 ae Scie HE Bill decurved, crown naked ar a “a x Bed 5 ; Feathers of the neck white, silky ais Dissoura episcopus neglecta. Feathers of the neck black, normal a Xenorhynchus asiaticus. bg Larger, secondaries rosy in adults, wing-coverts black and white .. .. Pseudotantalus leucocephalus. Smaller, secondaries with no rosy flush, ik wing-coverts white ote od Pseudotantalus lacteus.* 95. Leptoptilus dubia (Gm. ). Ardea dubia, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 624 (India and Africa). Leptoptilus argala, C. ii, p. 262 (Tenasserim). Leptoptilus dubia, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 141 (Ratburi). We have seen no specimens of the larger Adjutant Bird from the Malayan area or from Peninsular Siam, and doubt if it occurs south of Ratburi. In life it can be distinguished by the possession of a gular pouch, by its much larger size, and by having a grey band across the secondary coverts in breeding birds, not a coppery red one as in L. javanica. The species is said to occur in Java, but the identification appears to rest on skeletons and skulls. 96. Leptoptilus javanica (Horsf.). Ciconia javanica, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc., xiii, 182], p. 188 (Java). Leptoptilus javanicus, A., . 469 (Pakchan) ; I., p. 141 (Koh Lak) ; _ L., p. 92 (Junk Seylon). Leptoptilus dubius F., p. 16 (Trang). Common throughout the area, generally in rice fields, in man- grove swamps and on the coastal flats. “Included in the key in the possible event of its occurrence in the area. i. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part): kL. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. - iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO.:T, 1921, 76 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 97. Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Lath.). Mycteria asiatica, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 670 (India). Xenorhynchus asiaticus, G., p. 152 (Ratburi ‘and Petchaburi) ; J., p. 141 (Teliban Straits, Trang). Not uncommon, but hard to obtain; specimens in the British Museum attributed to Penang are probably from:the southern parts of Peninsular Siam. 98. Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch. Dissoura neglecta, Finsch., Ornith. Monatsber., 1904, p. 94 (Java). Melanopelargus ge da re p. 469 (Pakchan). Dissoura episcopus, B., 85 (Junk Seylon) ; E., p. 115 (Jalor) ; F., p. 16 (Trang); é, p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., pp. 88, 142 (Bandon and Koh Samui) ; L., p. 91 (Ghirbi). Dissoura episcopus neglecta, I1., p. 140 (Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak). Very common in rice fields, ete., throughout the northern part of the Malay Peninsula, but practically unknown south of Kedah. The Malaysian form has been separated from the typical Indian race on account of a narrowing bare stripe down the sides of the neck. In some of our series, possibly younger birds, this region is covered with soft down. 99. Pseudotantalus leucocephalus (Penn.). Tantalus leucocephalus, Pennant, Ind. Zool., 1769, p. 11, Pl. x (Ceylon) ; A., p. 484 (Tavoy and Pakchan). Pseudotantalus leucocephalus, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., p. 88 (Bandon) ; L., p. 91 (Ghirbi). The Pelican Ibis, or Painted Stork, is fairly common in our area and extends south as far as Langkawi, south of which it is replaced by P. lactews. It is common in rice fields, and roosts at night on their margins on the tops of very high trees. 100. Anastomus oscitans (Bodd.). Ardia oscitans, Boddaert, Tabl. P1. Enl., 1783, p. 55 (Pondicherry). Anastomus oscitans, G., p. 30 (Ratburi) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, pp. 39, 40 (between Tachin and Bangkok, and Ta Rua, C. Siam). The above records are the southernmost noted for the Shell-Ibis, or Open-bill as it is perhaps more correctly called. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es O. Grant, Fasciculi Malavenies, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, ‘Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915, JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 77 ARDEIDAE. HERONS AND BITTERNS. Tail feathers 12 ie J 4 ae a tay a. 2 Tail feathers 10 se te Be Ae Kg oe 12 Feathering on tibio-tarsus not extensive aa si aC ot 3 Feathering extending nearly to heel Ze on oF a 8 Middle toe and claw longer than tarsus Pyrrherodias purpurea manillensis. Middle toe and claw shorter than tarsus Je us 4 Edge of mandibles serrated P PP ig ce di 5 Edge of mandibles not serrated . Sy se bi on 7 6 _ to wo ~ With ornamental plumes to saad no dorsal train he i ue With no ornamental plumes, a dorsal train . .. Mesophoyx intermedia. Crown of head slate colour Se as ue Ardea sumatrana. Crown of head white -F x .. Ardea cinerea jouyi. or 6 Bill (eculmen) not, or only slightly, exceeding middle toe and claw; tarsus more than 5 inches . p, Herodias alba. Bill (eculmen) much exceeding middlé toe and claw ; “4 " tarsus less than 4 inches... Bf .. Garzetta garsetta. af I Be ms i 8 Bill without serrations ar <3 ee + Pi 9 Bill with serrations .. ae ue He at Fach EO Culmen longer than tarsus Ee af ae Demiegretta sacra. Culmen about equal to tarsus .. ae .. Nycticorax nycticorar. Culmen shorter than tarsus ae as Gorsachius melanolophus. Bill longer than middle toe and claw; plumage with no white : ae Butorides javanica. Bill equal to middle toe and claw ; ; plumage “mainly white : 1l Bill shorter than middle toe and claw ee .. Bubuleus cor omandus. 1 Smaller, head and neck brownish ae os Ardeola gray. Larger, head and neck blackish Pe es Ardeola bacchus. 12 Middle toe and claw equal to tarsus ote Py Ac Sa eS Middle toe and claw exceeding tarsus 3: e Botaurus stellaris. 13 Size larger, wing over 6 inches hE aa Dupetor flavicollis. Size smaller, wing under 6 inches Ke és Ms Son, 14 Tarsus feathered to heel ; primaries blackish fs Ardetta sinensis. Tarsus not feathered to heel; primaries chestnut .. Ardetta cimnamomea. 101. Pyrrherodias purpurea manillensis Meyen. Ardea purpurea, var. manillensis, Acta Acad. Leop-Carol. xvi, Suppl., p. 102. Ardea purpurea, A., p. 472 (Tavoy). Phoyx manillensis, D., p. 80 (Patelung). Ardea manillensis, G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). $ ad. Mamoh, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 27 February, 1919. (No. 4295). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1!. Baker, Journ, N.H, Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 78 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON “Tris chrome; orbits lemon yellow tinged with green; upper mandible brown edged with ochre yellow, lower ochraceous yellow, base greenish; thighs and tarsi yellow, tarsi and toes black in front.” Total length, 925; wing, 375; tail, 160; tarsus, 124; bill from gape, 145 mm. Personally we have found the Purple Heron rarer in the Peninsula than it is in Sumatra: in the south, indeed, it is extremely uncommon. 102. Ardea sumatrana Raffles. Ardea sumatrana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 325 (Sumatra); A., p. 469 (Mergui to Pakchan) ; F., p. 14 (Terutau Id.); H., p. 142 (Koh Pennan). Common in most places along the coast on mud-flats and in mangrove swamps, but very wary and hard to approach. 103. Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark. Ardea cinerea jouyt, Clark, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 468 (Korea) ; L., p. 136 (Koh Lak). Ardea cinerea, ‘h p. 472 (Pakchan); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Probably fairly common in winter. 104. Herodias alba (Linn.). Ardea alba, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 239 (Europe). Herodias torra, A., p. 472 (Crab Island, Tavoy Estuary). Herodias alba, H., p. 89 (Bandon). Local and rare. 105. Mesophoyx intermedia (Wag].). Ardea intermedia, Wagler, Ibis, 1829, p. 659. Mesophoyx intermedia, I., p. 136 (Koh Lak). Distinctly uncommon. 106. Garzetta garzetta (Linn.). Ardea garzetta, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 237 (Oriental Region). Herodias garzetta, B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, pp. 40, 41 (Tachin and Bangkok, C. Siam, and Anghin and Bang Phra, Inner Gulf of Siam). Garzetta garzetta, K., p. 117 (Patani). « Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. . Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Sal anga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. « Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, tee i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe, Siam, i, 1915. 5 Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. oonaP JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 79 Probaby not uncommon in suitable localities, but, as remarked by Williamson, apt to be overlooked owing to its close resemblance to the ubiquitous Bubulews coromandus. 107. Demiegretta sacra (Gin.). Ardea sacra, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 640. Demiegretta sacra, I., p. 481 (Mergui); Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvi, 1898, p. 143; E., p. 117 (Patani); F., p. 15, Malay Peninsula) ; H., p. 143 (Koh Samui and Koh Pennan); LI., p., 137 (Koh Lak); L., p. 92 (Pulau Panjang). ?. Koh Pipidon, Ghirbi Bay, W. Coast Siam. 5 February, 1919 (No. 3944). “Tris chrome; tarsi black, toes mottled with yellow; bill blackish.” Total length, 630; wing, 278; tail, 104; tarsus 79; bill from gape 90 mm. Common throughout the coasts of Malaya in suitabie localities. Within our area a very large proportion of the birds are in the grey plumage, with a more or less extensive white streak on the throat. Nycticorax nycticorax (Linn.). Ardea nycticorax, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 235. _ Nycticorax griseus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, 1914, p. 48 (Bangkok). Nycticorax nycticorax, Stuart Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920, p. 42 (Hua Takhae, C. Siam). The Night Heron will probably be found in Lower Siam, though it is not yet on record from our area. 108. Gorsachius melanolophus (Rafiles). Ardea melanolophus, A., p. 484 (neighbourhood of Pakchan); F., p. 15 (Trang) ; I., p. 187 (Koh Lak). Not really uncommon within its area of distribution, but easily escaping notice owing to its nocturnal habits. Mr. W. J. F. Williamson informs us that he has found it breeding in heavy forest at Pak Jong, Eastern Siam, in June and August. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 5 16 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), &. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, Mt. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. ‘ iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 80 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 109. Butorides javanica (Horsf.). Ardea javanica, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 190 Bes ani A., p. 483 (Tavoy to Bankasoon); B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon); E., p. 116 (Patani); F., p. 15 (Malay Peninsula) K,, p. 86 (Tachin) ; L., p. 92 (Pulau Panjang). 2. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Coast Siam. 15 Februar y 1919. (No, 4023). “Tris yellow; orbits and face apple-green; upper mandible black, lower and feet greenish yellow.” Total length, 432; wing, 164; tail, 65; tarsus, 47; bill from gape, 75 mm. 110. Ardeola grayi (Sykes.) Ardea grayu, Sykes, P. Z. 8S. 1832, p. 158 (Dekkan, India). Ardeola grayt, A. p. 481 (Mergui to Pakchan) ; E., p. 116 (Patani) ; G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi); I., p. 138 (Koh Tak); K., p. 86 (Tachin) ; L., p. 92 (Pulau Panjang). 9. Renong river, Peninsular Siam. 21 February, 1919. (No. 4149). “Tris orange; upper mandible black, lower yellow, tip black; orbits, etc., apple-green ; feet pale apple-green.” Total length, 450; wing, 201; tail, we tarsus, 53; bill from gape, 76 mm. Very common right up the Pakchan, in large flocks of forty or fifty individuals. 111. Ardeola bacchus (Bp.). Buphus bacchus, Bonaparte, Consp. Av. ii, 1857, p. 127 (Malay Peninsula). Ardeola prasinocelis, A., p. 481 (Choung-thanoung, 8. Tenasserim) ; C. ii, p. 253 (S. Tenasserim); F., p. 15 (Trang); H., p. 143 (Koh Samui). Rarer than the preceding, but the two forms are rather difficult to distinguish except in breeding plumage. ) 112. Bubulcus coromandus (Bodd.). Caneroma coromanda, Boddaert, Tabl. P]. Enl., 1783, p. 54. Buphus coromandus, A., p. 481 (Tavoy, Pakchan). Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi,.1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H COOP Soc. Siam, i, 1915. « Robinson, Journ. et M, 5. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 81 Bubuleus coromandus, B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon) ; D., p. 80 (Patelung) ; K., p. 116 (Patani) ; F., p. 16 (Trang); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 189 (Koh Lak); K., p. 87 (Koh Lak). Common everywhere in rice fields and in attendance on cattle. 113. Ardetta sinensis (Gm.). Ardea sinensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 642 (China). Ardetta sinensis, A., p. 484 (Tavoy, Pakchan) ; B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon) ; H., p. 143 (Koh Pennan) ; I., p. 139 (Koh Lak). Probably partially migrating and commonest in winter. 114. Ardetta cinnamomea (Gm.). Ardea cinnamomea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, p. 643 (China), Ardetta cinnamomea, A., p. 483 (‘Tavoy to Pakchan); B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon); E., p. 116 (Patani); G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). ?, imm. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 24 March, 1919. (No. 4845). “Tris yellow; bill pale yellow, tomia and base brown; feet greenish, soles yellow.” Total length, 370; wing, 143; tail, 45; tarsus, 52; bill from gape, 63 mm, 115. Dupetor flavicollis (Lath.). Ardea flavicollis, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 701 (India). Ardetta flavicollis, A., p. 483 (Bankasoon) ; B., p. 84 (Junk Seylon). Rare wherever it occurs. It has been found breeding at Bangkok by Williamson. Botaurus stellaris (Linn.). Ardea stellaris, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 239 (Europe). In Siam only recorded from Raheng, in the north of C. Siam, vide Herbert, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1916, p. 58. Two specimens are known from the Malay Peninsula, from Malacca and Singapore. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. - (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1929. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 82 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON ANSERIFORMES. DUCKS AND GEESE. 1/ Wing over 7 inches .. 33 oy 40 ee 2 | Wing under 7 inches; bill short and high .. Nettopus coromandelianus. » { Wing under 9 inches xe ae ay 55 3 3 “ | Wing over 10 inches 29 ae bc Ee 5 4 3 ( With a speculum on the wing .. es Querquedula querquedula. | With no speculum on the wing .. ax .. Dendrocycna javanica. 4 ea buff or whitish, speckled with black .. Ae Casarca casarca. Head white, strongly speckled with black .. ae Sf ate 5 5 { Belly white Se on Sarcidiornis melanonotus. ° | Belly brown or black — ee .. Asarcornis scutulata leucoptera. 116. Sarcidiornis melanonotus (Penn.). Anser melanonotus, Pennant, Faunula Indica, 1769, p. 12, pl. xl (Ceylon). Sarcidiornis melanonotus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 42 (Klong Luang Peng, nr. Bangkok.). The only reference to the Comb Duck is that given above elsewhere the nearest localities are the Attaran river, N. Tenasserim, and the vicinity of Chiengmai. 117. Asarcornis scutulata leucoptera (Blyth). Sarcidiornis leucopterus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xvii, 1849, p. 820 (Burma). Anas leucoptera, C. ii, p. 281 (Tavoy and Mergui). Asarcornis scutulata, D., p. 80 (Patelung). Asarcornis leucoptera, F., p. 19 (Trang); H., p. 89 (Bandon) ; I., p. 134 (Hat Sanuk and Hue Sai near Koh Lak) Asarcornis scutulata leucoptera, L., p. 92 (Ghirbi). This heavy Wood-Duck is common in Peninsular Siam, where it feeds in the rice fields largely on species of snail (Ampullaria), and lies up for the night in the adjacent jungle. Our men met with it on a small stream near Hat Sanuk, but did not secure specimens. 118. Nettopus coromandelianus (Gm.). Anas coromandeliana, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 522 (Coroman- del, India). Nettopus coromandelianus, A., p. 486 (Tavoy); D., p. 81 (Pate- lung) ; G., p. 153 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Said to be common at the north end of the Talé Sap and in the Talé Noi in Patelung, but rare everywhere else in the Peninsula. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, ad i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. a Siam, i, 1915. DB. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 83 119. Dendrocycna javanica (Horsf.). Anas javanica, Horsfield, Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 199 (Java). Dendrocyena javanica, A., p. 486 (Tavoy) ; D., p. 81 (Patelung); F., p. 21 (Trang); G., 153 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., pp. 89, 143 (Bandon and Koh Samui) ; L., p. 93 (Ghirbi). Common everywhere in the northern parts of the Peninsula. Casarca casarca (Linn.). Anus casarca, Linn., Syst. Nat. iii, 1768, App., p. 224. Yasarca rutila, A., p. 489 (Kolan Id., south of Mergui). Tadorna casarca, O., ii, p. 227. This sheldrake may possibly occur in Lower Siam. It has been seen by Davison inthe Mergui Archipelago, though there are no other records from Tenasserim. 120. Querquedula querquedula (Linn.). Anus querquedula, Linn., Syst. Nat, i, 1766, p. 203 (Europe). Querquedula querquedula, G., p. 153 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 135 (Inner Gulf of Siam). Met with at times in the marshes on the Perak river, but, like all ducks except the Wood-Duck and Tree-Teal, very rare in the Peninsula, 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (seeond part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, MI. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 1, 1921. 84 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON STEGANOPODES. DARTERS, CORMORANTS, PELICANS, ETC. 1 { Tail deeply forked .. ac ie bre ois se 2 { Tail rounded AG 44 a0 5A “6 ae 3 » / Bill from gape 4.5 inches or-over ne at Fregata aquila. { Bill from gape 3.75 inches or under 5 aa Fregata ariel. » {Middle tail-feathers not greatly elongate: nostrils not pervious =A at 4 “ | Middle tail-feathers greatly elongate ; nostrils pervious Phaethon indicus. {Size very large; bill flattened .. es 46 a0 ae 9 {Size smaller; bill compressed 5 ~ { With nostrils visible oe se Se a 50 6 ” (No external nostrils te 56 ae .. Sula sula 6 { Bill hooked ee ste a. ae “se ane Hf | Bill pointed Eee ae a .. Plotus melanogaster. - bra of 14 feathers .. ere .. Phalacrocorax carbo albiventer. Tail of 12 feathers .. ths he Ait Ere “1 8 (Bill (eculmen) less than 1.5 inches és Phalacrocorax javanicus. lee (culmen) more than 2.2 inches an Phalacrocorax fuscicollis. { Feathering on forehead pointed 5 Pelecanus roseus. | Feathering on forehead ending in a concave ‘line Pelecanus philippenensis. 121. Fregata ? aquila ( Linn.). Pelecanus aquilus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 216 (Ascension Id.). Fregata minor, Hume, Stray Feathers, ix, 1880, p. 119 ( Tongka ; Takuapah ; (Langkawi Ids. ) Fregata aquila, B., p. 86 (Junk Seylon). 2 Fregata andrewsi, Mathews, Austral. Av. Rec. ii, 1914, p. 120, Christmas Id.) ; Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 775. We have frequently seen Frigate birds on both coasts of Siam, notably in Bandon Bight, but have not obtained specimens ; the smaller species has been obtained in the vicinity of Pulau Tinggi, off the coast of Johore. Fregata ariel (Gould). Attagen ariel, Gould in Gray’s Gen. Birds, iii, 1869, p. 669 (Australia). Fregata ariel ariel, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., xxii, 1915, p. 145. It is not protitable to discuss the names for Siamese birds in the absence of specimens, and we have therefore not attempted to assign to the exact races the two forms that almost certainly occur. Reference may be made to Lord Rothschild’s article on the Genus, oonP Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 85 above quoted, but it may here be noted that the ¢ from Malacca (Davison coll.) in the British Museum, which he assigns to F. aquwila, with a query as to the correctness of its provenance, is obviously the bird from Pulau Nongsa in Singapore Straits, described by Hume (Stray Feathers, ix, p. 119), under the name Fregata minor (Gm.).— 122. Phaethon indicus Hume, ; Phaethon indicus, Hume, Stray Feathers, iv, 1876 p. 481 (Mekran Coast) ; A., p. 493 (Victoria Point). The only record for our area is the one noted by Davison from south of Victoria Point. There is a skin labelled “Straits of Malacca (Cantor)” in the British Museum, but we have never seen the bird in local waters, 123. Sula sula (Linn.). Pelecanus sula, L'nn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 218 (Indian Seas). Sula australis, A., p. 493 (Coast of Peninsular Siam and Ten- asserim),. Dysporus sula, C. ii, p. 229 (Coast of Tenasserim). Sula sula, Williamson, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 191, p. 63 (Koh Rin) ; id. op. cit. iii, 1918, p, 38 (Koh Chuan). Common on the western coast of Siam: we have not seen it on the east side, though we have been assured that it is found breed- ing in a small island off the coast of Nakon Sritamarat Plotus melanogaster (Penn.). Anhinga melanogaster, Pennant, Indian Zool., 1760, p. 53, pl. XV (Ceylon and Java); F., p. 19 (Langkawi Ids.). This bird also must certainly occur in Lower Siam: two or three specimens used to live in the lake in Dayang Bunting, Langkawi Ids. 124. Phalacrocorax carbo albiventer (Tickell). Carbo albiventer, Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1842, p. 463 (Chaibassa, South Bekar). Phalacrocoraxz carbo, A., p. 496 cake ad E., p. 115 (Patani) ; p. 153 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H + pe 143 (Koh Saiki Phalacrocorax carbo indicus, Mathews, Birds of Australia, iv, 1915, p- 171 (India). 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. hier a. aa M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. fine x. tas. — Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL, V, NO, 1, 1921. 86 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Quite common on the east coast of Siam but rare on the west. Tropical races are much smaller than European birds and the name P. carbo albiventer Tickell, probably applies. 125. Phalacrocorax javanicus (Horsf.). Carbo javanicus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe., xiii, 1822, p. 197 (Java). Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, A., pp. 496, 521 (Tavoy); C. ii, p. 234 (Ten asserim). - Phalacrocorax javanicus, G., p. 153 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Phalacrocorax pygmaeus javanicus, I., p. 133 (Ratburi). The Lesser Cormorant is not a marine species, but appears to occur on the upper reaches of many rivers in Siam and the Malay Peninsula. We have seen it in mountain streams in Bandon. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Steph. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis, Steph. in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. xiii, 1826, pt. I, p. 91 (Bengal); A., p. 496 (Salween and Sittang) ; C. ii, p. 233: Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 39 (Klong Samrong, 8S. E. of Bangkok). Though the Brown-necked Shag has not as yet been actually recorded from our area, it is almost certain to occur; it is therefore inserted in the key. 126. Pelecanus philippensis Gm. Pelecanus philippensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, p. 571 (Philip- pine Ids.); A., p. 495 (Thatone). G., p. 152 (Ratburi and Petcha- buri) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, 1915, p. 219 (Singora). Pelecanus roseus Gmn. Pelecanus roseus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 570 (Luzon). Pelicans are common in the Trang swamps, in the vicinity of the Talé Sap and Talé Noi in Patelung, and on the coast in Patani Bay, and on the Bandon Bight, but few specimens have, as far as we are aware, been obtained. This species, however, is certain to occur. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905: B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Gs Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. : Hi. Robinson, Journ. F.M.8. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 87 TUBINARES. PETRELS AND PUFFINS. Tarsi covered in front with hexagonal scales; claws sharp; rump not white Ae si Oceanodroma monorhis Tarsi covered in front with transverse scutes; claws flat; rump white .. es “¢ ro Oceamites oceanicus Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinh.). Thalassidroma monorhis, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, p. 386 (Amoy) ; Van Oort, Notes Leyd. Mus., xxxiii, 1911, p. 111 (Semarang, Java). There are three known specimens of this rare Petrel from Indo-Malayan waters; that from Java recorded above, a female obtained at Keppel Harbour, Singapore, by Mr. Koh Ah Wing, now in the Raffles Museum, and a male obtained in the One Fathom | Bank Lighthouse, off the coast of Selangor, in the F. M.S. Museum, The species will probably be found on the Siamese coast also. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl). Procellaria oceanica, Kuhl, Beitr., p. 136, pl. x, fig. i. (1820). Oceanites oceanicus, A., p. 490. Davison records this species as seen off the Moscows, a group of islets north of Tavoy, and we have on several occasions in stormy weather seen small black petrels with white rumps, in various parts of the Straits Settlements, so the species probably occurs off the Siamese coast. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.t. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V,,-NO.. 1, 1921. THE JOURNAL OF THE Natural History Society of Siam. Volume V, Bangkok. Number 2, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. By HERBERT C. ROBINSON, C.M.Z.S., M.B.O.U., AND CECIL BODEN KLOSS, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. (Continued from page 87). ACCIPITRIFORMES. OSPREYS, HAWKS, EAGLES, KITES AND VULTURES. No aftershaft to feathers ae i Pandion haliaétus cristatus. 1 With an aftershaft to feathers Crown of head naked With a double notch to the upper mandible.. 2 | Crown of head feathered 3 With a single notch to the upper mandible .. (with no notch to the upper mandible 4 Maes parts black; size smaller .. Be Baza lophotes burmana. Upper parts not black; size larger a15 3 Baza jerdoni. ei sice very small; wing under 5 inches be Microhierax fringillarius. Size larger ; wing over 6 inches .. ng ee ag 6 ie parts reddish brown ae -. Cerchneis tinnuncula saturata. Upper parts greyish or blackish 7 Dae parts orange-brown; smaller gee .. Falco severus severus. Lower parts pinkish white ; larger ma Falco peregrinus calidus. 8 ithe bristly Lores feathered 91 Bin thin, much compressed oe ric Macheramphus alcinus Bill normal Ve : ae Pre 1 Peak in adults long .. fe Pernis ptilorhynchus ptilorhynchus. Crest in adults short or lacking a Pernis ptilorhynchus ruficollis. nT Elsa feathered sc Tarsus partially or entirely bare VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. to we aar D& 12 90 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 12 {Claws muck curved, hind claw longer than inner Any A 3 | Claws straight, hind claw shorter than inner .. Ictinaétus malayensis. , | Primaries exceeding secondaries by more than length of tarsus ’ | Primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length of tarsus Aquila maculata. 14 No elongate occipital crest ee a “| An elongate occipital crest 47 a .. Lophotriorchis kienert. 15 {No elongate crest .. Bie Pap Spizwtus cirrhatus lunnaétus. 0 | An elongate crest 16 (Larger; wing exceeding 16 inches Se .. Spizaétus niprlensis. | Smaller; wing less than 14 inches $5 — Spizaétus alboniger. 17 { Tarsi reticulated; scutellae broader than high | Tarsi with some scutellae broader than high 19 { Parsi more than $ length of bill from gape .. oh Se Ss “| Tarsi iess than $ length of bill from gape .. Hlanus ceruleus ceruleus. 1 {Seales in front of tarsus the same size as those behind .. ae ve “(Seales in front of tarsus larger than those behind oe Butastur indicus. 20 ps crested 58 ae be 20 Circaétus gallicus. Crested 54 Se nc 30 50 ae 21 { Wing always exceeding 16 inches of Spilornis cheela rutherfordi. | Wing never exceeding 16 inches a Spilornis cheela bassus. | Scales beneath toes rough and pointed ee {Scales beneath toes not rough and pointed 23 Breast in adults grey; claws rounded beneath x cf ays ““ | Breast in adults white; claws grooved beneath .. Haliaétus leucogaster. o4 ie large ; wing exceeding 17 inches Af Polioaétus whthyaétus. Size small; wing less than 17 inches ae Polioaétus humilis humilis. s 25 {Size moderate; wing over 12 inches Pa 8 ate ie (Size smaller ; wing under 11 inches sys Sy 50 A 26 Tarsus short nr Tarsus long 97 { Tail rounded ate afe we Haliastur indus intermedius. ( Tail forked 8 oe a conspicuous white patch beneath wing Pr Milvus melanotis. Smaller ; no conspicuous white patch beneath wing Milvus migrans govinda. gg {Bill from cere to tip less than 0°75 inch... -» Cireus melanoleucus. ( Bill from cere to tip more than 0°75 inch .. in ate 3 39 { Abdomen paler os e an a Circus spilonotus. (Abdomen darker A ae or Circus eruginosus eruginosus. 31 { Crested ie ie Lophospizias trivirgatus rufitinctus. { Not crested Ae An we 55 50 ae {Tarsus and toes thick; middle toe short .. of ae ae ( Tarsus and toes slender; middle toe elongate a a ok Upper parts pale grey, beneath banded g.__ in adults; larger .. x sie .. Astur badius poliopsis. Upper parts dark blackish grey, ( beneath uniform in adults ; smaller he sis Astur soloénsis. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM, 13 14 15 16 18 22 19 20 21 23 25 24 26 31 27 29 28 30 32 33 34 THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 91 34 pee nearly alike, always striped and barred beneath rr sisi aD Sexes different, adult male nearly uniform beneath .. Accipiter gularis. 85 tan dark above ; wing 10 inches or over... .. Accipiter nisus, subsp. Lighter above ; wing under 10 inches *s na Accipiter affinis. 36 tail feathers 14 ite es i Gyps indicus tenuirostris. Tail feathers 12 a ae iA Ac ite 2 EE Y | 37 onlin round ; bare parts red ; a neck wattle i Otogyps calvus. Nostrils a slit; bare parts greyish brown; no neck wattle Pseudogyps bengalensis. 127. Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vieill.). Falco haliaetus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 129 ( Europe ). Buteo cristatus, Vieill., Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. iv, 1816, p. 481 ~ (New Holland ). Pandion haliaetus, A., p 16 (Pakchan); C. ii, p. 221 (S. Tenasserim ); F., p. 29 ( Kedah ). Pandion haliaetus cristatus, 1., p. 123 (Koh Lak). Sparsely distributed on all coasts. ‘There is not sufficient material extant to be certain whether the Siamese bird is to be referred to the typical or to the Australian race ( P. h. cristatus ). Not improbably both forms occur, but the differences are trivial. For the present we accept Gyldenstolpe’s identification. 128. Baza lophotes burmana Sclater. Falco lophotes, Temm., P}. Col., 1824, pl. 10 ( Pondicherry ). Baza lophotes, A., p. 24 (Malewoon, etc.) ; B., p. 77 (Junk Seylon); F., p. 25 (Trang); G., p. 151 ( Ratburi and Petchaburi); L., p. 94 (Junk Seylon, Palau Pangang Ghirbi ). Baza lophotes burmana, Scelat., Bull. B. O. C. xli, 1920, p. 31 ( Malewoon ). 2. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Coast Siam. 14 February, 1919. ( No. 3999 ). 2. Koh Pra Tung, Takuapab, W. Coast Siam. 18 February, 1919. ( No, 4104 ). 3. Victoria Point, S. Tenasserim. 24 February, 1919. (No. 4187). $. Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 26 February, 1919. ( No. 4254 ). é. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 6 March, 1919. (No. 4444): “Tris dark ; bill and feet pale slate.” Total length, ¢ 308, 315, 320, 2 315, 310; wing, ¢ 236, 247, VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 92 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 235, 2 236, 227; tail, ¢ 150, 146,145, 2 150, 140; tarsus, d 27, 27, 27, 2 29, 24; bill from gape, 5 25, 25, 24, 2 25, 24 mm. Lower Siam seems to be the headquarters of this Cuckoo- Faleon; elsewhere in the Peninsula it is a rare winter visitor. Sclater’s characters hold good in the large majority of our consider- able series so far as the absence of chestnut from the scapulars is concerned, though one specimen from an island in Ghirbi Bay has this colour very pronounced. As regards the colour of the band posterior to the white breast, some birds have it black, a few almost pure chestnut, while in the majority it is mixed. 129. Baza jerdoni (Blyth). Lophastur jerdoni, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1842, p. 464 (Malacca). Baza sumatrensis, A., p. 25 (Pakchan); C. ii, p. 209 (S. Tenas- serim). : Baza jerdoni, F., p. 25 (Trang and Langkawi Ids.); M. 1, p. 30 (S.E. and Central Siam). We have dealt with this Cuckoo-Falcon fairly fully in a former paper (Ibis 1911, p. 25); no additional specimens have since been obtained in our area. 130. Microhierax fringillarius (Drap.). Faleo fringillarius, Drap., Dict. Class. d°Hist. Nat., vi, 1824, p. 412, pl. v. (Sutmatra). Microhierax fringillarius, A., p. 5 (Laynah to Bankasoon); B., p. 77 (Junk Seylon); E., p. 113 (Patani); F., p. 24 (Malay Penin. sula); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., p. 90 (Bandon)- One of the commonest Accipitrine birds in the present area. 131. (?) Cerchneis tinnuncula saturata (Blyth). Tinnunculus saturatus, Blyth, Joura. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxviii, 1859, p. 277 (Moulmein). Tinnunculus alaudarius, ©. ii, p. 217 (Malewoon). Cerchneis tinnunculus, F., p. 29 (Trang and Langkawi). Falco tinnunculus saturata, I., p. 131 (Koh Lak). Cerchneis tinnuncula dorriesi, Swann, Synopt. List Accipitrés, iv, 1920, p. 146 (Siberia, wintering in India, Ceylon, Burma). ¢ Falco interstinctus, McClelland, P. Z. 8., 1839, p. 154 (Assam), A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Bascieuli Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds ae Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M,S8., Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 93 9. ad. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 6 April, 1919. (No. 5120). “Jris dark brown; bill grey, black at tip, cere yellow; feet yellow.” Total length 365; wing 260; tail 185; tarsus 445; bill from gape 23 mm. ’ An immature female from Langkawi, shot in November, has the wing 245 mm. It is impossible to say whether these specimens are really representatives of the resident tropical race, or migrants, as the material is insufficient. From the date, the Langkawi bird is proba- bly true ©. ¢. tinnuneulus, or the form recently described by Swann, and that from Koh Lak, 7. t. satwratus. Both birds, how- ever, agree with Swann’s race in their rather long tails. Colour affords no help, as both are in very worn and faded plumage. Mr. Williamson obtained a female at Koh Lak on Dec. 28, 1921 also in worn plumage but rather pale. Total length 340 (in flesh), wing 247, tail 193 mm. Inglis notes that the Kestrel breeds in Cachar, and it is there- fore quite possible that Falco interstinctus McClelland (P. Z. &., 1839, p. 154), from Assam, is the name really applicable. 182. Falco severus severus Horsf. Falco severus, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii, 1822, p. 135 (Java) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, i, 1915, p. 198 (Bangkok). Falco sp., 1., p. 1381 (Koh Lak). Falco severws has been obtained near Bangkok by Williamson and we have examined the specimen therefrom. Gyldenstolpe doubtfully identifies a bird from the cliffs near Koh Lak with this species, and we have it from Cochin-China, so it will probably be found in Peninsular Siam. Falco peregrinus calidus Lath. Faleo calidus, Latham, Ind. Orn. i, 1790, p. 41 (India) Falco peregrinus, Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist, Soe. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 30 (Bangkok). Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. Il. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1!. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 94 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON A not infrequent winter visitor to the Malay Peninsula and N. E. Sumatra, and certain to be found in South-west and Peninsular Siam. 133. Macherhamphus alcinus Westerm. Macherhamphus aleinus, Westerm, Bijd. t. d. Dierk. i, 1848, p. 29, pl. 12 (Malacca); A., p. 24 (Malewoon); C. ii., p. 206 (Male- woon) ; H., p. 90 (Bandon). This Bat-Hawk, which is of erepuscular habits, will certainly be found to occur in the vicinity of most of the limestone hills that are so common in Lower Siam. The bird we obtained in Bandon was breeding on a lofty tree on the banks of the Bandon river. 134. Pernis ptilorhynchus ptilorhynchus (Temm.). Buteo cristatus, Cuv., Vieill. Tabl. Ene. Meth. Orn., March 1823, p- 1225 (Java), (nec Buteo cristatus, Nouv. Dict. iv, 1816, Falco ptilorhynchus, Temm , Pl. Col. p'. 44, July 1823 (Java and Sumatra). Pernis brachypterus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxi, 1852, p. 436 (Megui 2). Pernis ptilorhynchus, C. ii, p. 207 (Tenasserim). Pernis cristatus, F., p. 29 (Malay Peninsula) ; 1., p. 130 (Koh Lak). ¢imm. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 8 March, 1919. (No. 4492). “Tris dark hazel; bill black, base of lower mandible ‘pinkish horn ; feet pale yellow”’ Total length 635; wing (in moult) 432; tail, 283; tarsus 56; bill from gape 43 mm. ; The question of the species or races of Honey Buzzards in the Oriental region has never been seriously tackled, and the extreme variability makes the allocation of specimens a very difficult one. It appears to be an established fact that birds from India (except southern India), west of the Bay of Bengal, never have a marked and distinct occipital crest. They cannot therefore be assigned to P. cristatus (Cuv.) of Java, which has slight priority over P. ptilor- A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D, Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 95 hynchus Temm. (Java and Sumatra)*; the former was a uniform black bird, without a crest, but crested birds, also mainly black, are stated to occur in Java. We have examined about 20 birds from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, which all have grey or black lores, and a lengthened occipital crest, but which vary in colour beneath, from an almost uniform white, through an almost uniform buffy brown, to birds barred and striped below with clear black and white, the black predominating. These birds agree exactly with descriptions and figures of P. tweeddalii Hume (Malay (Peninsula), which we cannot but regard as other than the very adult of P. ptilorhynchus. We have also two birds of a uniform brownish black, with no very lengthened crest, agreeing with the description and figures of P. ptilorhynchus, which we regard as a dimorphic form analogous with the case of Sp. horsfieldi and Sp. caligatus —forms of Sp. limnactus. On the strength of its lengthened crest the South Indian bird is probably entitled to sub-specific distinction as P. c. ellioti, but we have not examined specimens. Immature birds of the non-crested Indian race appear to visit Siam and the Malay Peninsula in the winter months, and we possess specimens from Pulau Jemor, in the Straits of Malacca, and Kuala Lumpur. The name for the Continental and Northern Indian bird is P. pt. ruficollis (Less.). 135. Ictinaetus malayensis. Falco malayensis, Reinw., Temm. Pl. Col. 1824, pl. 117 (Java and Sumatra, and Malay Archipelago). Aquila pernigra, Hodgs., Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, v, 1836, p. 227 ( Central and Northern Nepal ). Ictinaetus malayensis, F., p. 22 (Trang ). *Nevertheless the name cannot be used, as Buteo cristatus had pre- viously been applied to an Australian Osprey. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No, 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.-H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.I. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL; V, NO.. 2, 1922. 96 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON A strictly forest eagle, widely distributed but hard to procure. Swann (Synopt. List Accipitres, Part ii, 1919, p. 69) has revived Hodgson’s name of perniger for the continental race. At the moment we have no Siamese or Malayan specimens available, but a male from Java, the type locality of I. malayensis, has the wing over 22 inches, which is more than Swann gives for perniger. The con- tinental subspecies is, therefore, of rather dubious validity. 136. Aquila maculata (Gm.). Falco maculatus, Gmelin, Syst Nat. i, 1788, p. 258 (?). Aquila clanga, ©. ii, p. 186 (Tenasserim). Aquila maculata, 1., p. 125 (Koh Lak); Williamson, Journ. Nat Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918 p. 27 (Bangkok). We have seen no specimens of this eagle. 137, Lophotriorchis kieneri (Sparre). Astur kieneri, Sparre, Mag. Zool. 1835, Aves, pl. 35. (E. Hima- aa kieneri, G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Very rare everywhere ; we have never seen a specimen in th® flesh ; the F. M. S. Museums possess an adult and an immature from near Kuala Lumpur, and we have examined an immature bird from the highlands of Sumatra. 138. Spizaetus cirrhatus limnaetus Horsf. Falco limnaetus, Trans. Lion. Soc. xiii. 1821, p. 138 (Java). Spizaetus limnaetus, A., p. ii (Bankasoon); E., p. 114 (Patani); F., p. 23 (Trang); H., p 144 (Koh Pennan); I., p. 127 (Koh Lak) ; L., p. 93 (Ghirbi and Junk Seylon) 2. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam. 21 September, 1919, E. Seimund (C.). A fully adult bird, in the striped plumage, wing 415 mm. Commoner, and frequenting more open country, than the other species of the genus. 139. Spizaetus nipalensis. Nisaetus nipalensis, Hodgson, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, v, 1836, p. 229, pl. 7 (Nepal). Spizaetus nipalensis, F., p. 22 (Terutau). Spizaetus nipalensis nipalensis, I., p. 126 (Hue Sai, S. W. Siam). Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G-. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P. Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F,M.S. Museums, v, 1915. poop JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 97 9. ad. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 3 March, 1919. (No. 4399). “Tris orange ; bill black, base grey ; feet pale yellow”. Total length 715 ; wing 438; tail 305; tarsus 105; bill from gape 50 mm. This bird, shot in heavy jungle, is fairly adult, with the bars on the breast well developed and a crest of 100 mm. The bird from Terutau is immature and is entirely immaculate beneath. W. L. Sclater (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xl, 1919, p. 37) has recently described Southern Chinese birds, Sp. n. fokiensis, as smaller than the Himalayan form (wing, ¢ 419—425, 2 445 mm.), against an average, in the Himalayan typical specimens, of ¢ 450, @ 485 mm., and in all cases lacking the long crest feathers. Our Specimen, above, apparently agrees in size with the Chinese bird, but has the crest-feathers fully developed. We do not care to establish yet a third race on a single adult specimen. Swann, how- ever, (Synopsis Accipitres, 2nd ed., part ii, Jan. 1922, p. 119, note), records the fact that Chinese and Hainan birds have the long crest feathers when fully adult. 140. Spizaetus alboniger (Blyth). Nisaetus alboniger, Blyth, Journ. Asiat, Soc. Bengal, xiv, 1845, p. 173 (Malacca). Spizaetus alboniger, A., p. 12 (Bankasoon); C. ii, p. 191 (Mergui and Bankasoon) ; M. 1, p. 28 (Tung Song, Peninsular Siam). This Harpy Eagle has only been recorded once from any part of Siam ; we possess specimens from various parts of Perak. The bird frequents hilly regions covered with dense forest and is, there- fore, very difficult to procure, though not really rare. Elanus ceruleus ceruleus (Desf.). Faleo coeruleus, Desf., Mem. Acad. Sc., 1787, p. 503, pl. 15 (Algeria). Elanus ceruleus ceruleus, I., p. 129 (Neighbourhood of Bangkok). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. eat ar 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, MI. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. ili, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922.- 98 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON We have specimens of this kite from Taiping, procured in August and October, and from Kuala Lumpur, in November, where it is a winter migrant: though not recorded from Southern Tenasserim, or from Peninsular Siam, it will almost certainly be found there. | Mr. W. J. F. Williamson informs us that this bird breeds near Bangkok, and is not a mere winter visitor, as surmised by Gyldenstolpe. 141. Butastur indicus (Gm.). Falco indicus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 264 (Java). Butastur indicus, A., p. 19 (Tavoy to Pakchan); ©. ii, p. 197 (Malewoon); F., p. 23 (Langkawi Ids.); L., p. 93 (Ghirbi) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1918, p. 28 (Bangkok). d ad. Namecehuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 25 February, 1919. (No. 4209). “Tris chrome; bill, anterior half black, basal half pale yellow ; feet pale yellow”. Total length 410; wing 318; tail 195; tarsus 53; bill from gape 34 mm. We have specimens from as far south as Perlis, but the bird is everywhere rare antl probably only a winter visitor. Mr. Williamson’s collection includes a fine male from Naihoot, Langsuen shot on 31st October, 1921. | “Tris deep yellow, bill black, feet deep yellow.” Total length 415, wing (dry) 298, tail 189 mm. 142. Circaetus gallicus (Gm.). Falco gallicus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i; 1788, p. 259 (France). Circaetus hypoleucus, 1., p. 127 (Koh Lak). This species, also, we have never seen from Siam though it has been obtained in Selangor (fide Butler ), but the specimen is no longer in existence. ! A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. QO, Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G-» Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F, M.S. Museums, v, 1915, JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 99 143. Spilornis cheela bassus (lorst.). Falco bassus, Forst., Naturgesch. African Vog. 1798, p. 55 (Java). Spilornis rutherfordi, A .. p. 14 (partim, Pakchan); C. ii, p. 194 ( partim, Tenasserim). Spilornis cheela, D., p. 57 (Patelung and Patani). Spilornis bache, E., p. 114 (Pat ni). Spilornis pallidus, F. ,p. 23 (Malay Peninsula); H., pp. 90, 144 (Bandon and Koh S: vmui). ? Spilornis cheela rutherfordi, M. 1, p. 28 (Tung Song, Peninsular Siam). $, Namcehuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 25 February, 1919. (No. 4208). “Tris chrome; bill slate ; feet dirty wax-yellow.” Total length 613; wing 389; tail 275; tarsus 90; bill from gape 44 mm. After a careful comparison of large series of these Serpent- Eagles from Siam, Cochin-China, the whole of the Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo and Sumatra, we are bound to state that we are now unable to recognize with certainty more than two forms, which are only separable on size, viz., a large Indo-Chinese form of which the southern limit will be Koh Lak, to which the name S. ¢. rutherford has been given, and a smaller Malaysian bird to which, as Richmond shows (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35, 1909, p. 592, note) the name Falco bassws Forst., applies. In the Malayan area darker coloured as well lighter birds are found, more or less in the same locality, and to the former the name S. bido . Horsf., from Java, applies. Javanese birds, however, can be matched with others from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, and Bornean birds (S. pallidws Walden) with skins from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Spilornis raja Sharpe, from Borneo, is only the quite immature stage. All the Oriental species, with the exception of the Philippine and Celebesian forms, are certainly subspecies, and the mainland races in physical contact exhibit very obvious gradation. The small Andaman and Nicobar birds are merely depauperated island forms. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 100 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 144. Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.). Falco leucogaster, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p, 257 (New South Wales, Mathews). Haliaetus lewcogaster, A., p. 17 (Mergui, Malewoon); F., p. 23 (Malay Peninsula); H., p. 144 (Koh Samui and Koh Pennan) ; I., p. 128 (Koh Lak). Cuncuma leucogaster, B., p. 76 (Junk Seylon). Haliaetus leucocoryphus, F., p. 25 (Langkawi Ids.). Common along the sea-coast everywhere. Re-examination of the two specimens from Langkawi, for- merly identified by us as H. leucocoryphus, convinces us that they are large immature specimens of this species. We have also examin- ed the specimens on which rest the record of H. lewcocoryphus from Borneo, and do not consider them also to be other than this species. 145. Polioaetus ichthyaetus (Horsf.). Falco ichthyaetus, Horsf., Trans. Linn, Soc., xiii, 1821, p. 136 (Java). Polioaetus ichthyaetus, A., p. 16 (Pakchan); E., p. 113 (Patani) ; F., p. 30 (Malay Peninsula); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petcha- buri); H., p. 144 (Bandon); L., p. 94 (Junk Seylon and Ghirbi); Hume, Stray Feathers, ix, 1880, p. 120 (Panguga). Our experience of this species is that it is never found in heavy jungle, but is. fairly common on the sea coast and on rice fields. 146. Polioaetus humilis humilis (Miill. & Schleg.). Falco humilis, Mill. & Schleg., Verhandelingen, Aves, 1839-44, p. 47, pl. 6 (Sumatra). Polioaetus humilis, H., p. 90 (Bandon). More of a jungle bird than the preceding. Peninsular Siam birds are probably to be referred to the Malayan race, P. humilis, rather than to the much larger bird from continental India and the Himalayas, P. h. plumbeus (Hodgs.). 147. Haliastur indus intermedius Gurney. Haliastur indus intermedius, Gurney, Ibis, 1865, p. 28 (Java). Haliastur indus, A., p. 22 (Mergui, Bankasoon) ; B., p. 76 (Junk Seylon) ; C. ii. p, 201 (Tenasserim); D., p. 58 (Patchung and Patani); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, + Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. + Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. « Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, y, 1915. cour JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 101 Haliastur intermedius, E., p. 114 (Patani); F., p. 24 (Malay Penin- sula) ; H., p. 144 (Bandon Ids.) ; I., p. 129 (Koh Lak); L, p. 93 (Ghirbi). Imm. Renong river, Peninsular Siam. 22 February, 1919. (No, 4167). “Tris brown; bill and cere greenish lead; feet dirty yel- lowish grey.” > The Brahminy Kite is common everywhere on the coasts, extending some distance inland over the rice fields. We cannot agree with Sclater ( fide Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920, p. 29) that Haliastur indus intermedius is confined to the Indo-Malayan Islands. Birds from the Malay Penin- sula, nearly to Bangkok, are certainly nearer to this form, though in Central and Eastern Siam some approach is shown to the typical Indian race, H. 7. indus. 148. Milvus melanotis (Temm. & Schleg.). Milvus melanotis, Temm. & Schleg., Faun. Japon., 1845-50, p. 14. pls. v, vb; G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Milvus es Gray in Hardw. III. Ind. Zool., i, 1832, p. i. pl. 18 (China) ; I., p. 129 (Bangkok). Mr. ned s collection includes a female from Koh Lak shot on December 26, 1921. “Tris dark brown; bill dark horn, gape light bluish-grey, cére dirty white; legs pale bluish-white, claws dark horn”. Total length 664 (flesh); wing 493; tail, 295 mm. 149. Milvus migrans govinda Sykes. Milvus govinda, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 81 (Dekkan, India); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Milwus affinis, A., p. 23 (Tavoy, Mergui) ; C. ii, p. 202 (Tenasserim). Milvus migrans govinda, Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 746 (Bangkok and neighbourhood). A very rare visitor to the Malay Peninsula; we have a single specimen from near Taiping, Perak, shot in November 1910. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Net Pog Sok M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, eer F. M.S. me Vii, a7. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918 (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. 102 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 150. Circus melanoleucus (Forst.). Falco melanoleucus,Forster, Ind. Zool. 1781, p. 12, pl. ii. Circus melanoleucus, A., p. 21 (Tavoy, Malewoon, and Tongka) ; B., p. 78 (Junk Seylon). $ ad. 2 imm. Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 24-25 February, 1919. (Nos. 4202, 4230). «Male. Iris and feet chrome; bill black.” Female. Iris lemon; pill slate, cere and base yellowish green; feet pale yellow. Total length, ¢ 442, 2 463; wing, ¢ 352, 2 364; tail, d 217, 2 240; tarsus, ¢ 67, 2 80; bill from gape, ¢ 28, 2 32, mm. This beautiful Harrier is a rare winter visitor to the southern parts of the Malay Peninsula as far south as Johore; Mr. Seimund has obtained several specimens in the swampy plains near Kuala Lumpur. It is common in Peninsular and 8. W. Siam whence we have seen many specimens. Circus spilonotus Kaup. Circus spilonotus, Kaup in Jardine’s Contr. Ornith. 1850, p. 59 (Asia) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. iii, 1918, p. 29 (Bangkok, and Tachin river mouth). Occurs in small numbers in the Malay Peninsula, but often confused with the preceding. 151. Circus zruginosus eruginosus (Linn.). Falco eruginosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 150 (Europe). Circus eruginosus, A., p. 22 (Pakchan); B., p. 78 (Junk Seylon) ; F., p. 21 (Langkawi Ids.) ; I., p. 124 (Koh Lak). 23, 2, Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 25-26 Feb- ruary, 1919. (Nos. 4231, 4232, 4253). “Male. Iris lemon; bill slate, cere and base yellowish green ; feet pale yellow. Female. Iris yellow; bill black,‘cere and base greenish slate ; feet dirty yellowish.” Total length, ¢ 510, 535, 2 521; wing, d 395, 403, 2 400; tail, ¢ 243, 250, 9 235; tarsus, d 85, 85, 2 88; bill from gape, 3 40, 38, 2, 32 mm. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, + Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. + Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. * Bonhote, P.Z.S. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M,8. Museums, v, 1915. comp JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 103 The Marsh Harrier was common on the rice fields bordering the upper reaches of the Pakchan Estuary; we did not meet with it elsewhere. In the winter, in suitable open spaces, it is fairly abund- ant as far south as Kuala Lumpur. 152. Lophospizias trivirgatus rufitinctus (McClell.). Astur trivirgatus, Temm., P|. Col. 1824, pl. 303 (Sumatra). Spizaetus rufitinctus, McClelland, P. Z. 8S. 1859, p. 153 (Assam). Lophospiza rufitinctus, A., p. 7 (Bankasoon). Astur rufitinctus, Hume, Stray Feathers, viii, 1879, p. 152 (Kos- soom). Lophospizias trivirgatus, H., p. 90 (Bandon); L., p. 93 (Junk Sey- lon). 3, 2 ad. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 13-14 March, 1919. (Nos. 4566, 4587). “Tris, male chrome, female orange; bill slate, tip black, cere and gape yellow; feet, male bright yellow, female pale yellow ”. Total length, ¢ 413, 2 455; wing, d 221, 2 252; tail, ¢ 193, 2 210; tarsus, d 62, 2 62; bill from gape, d 29 2 31 mm. The northern race of the Crested Goshawk differs from the typical Sumatra bird in its larger size and in having the breast of the male duller, less reddish, The wings of two nearly adult Sumatran birds measure 198 and 216 mm,; the second, though sexed male, is probably a female. A nearly adult male from Temengoh, N. Perak, is 202 mm., and a male from Bandon 227 mm. The sexes are nearly similar in colour, but males appear to have the dark marks on the breast and belly paler than in the females, 153. Astur badius poliopsis (Hume). Micronisus poliopsis, Hume, Stray Feathers, ii, 1874, p. 325 (North Pegu) ; B., p. 78 (Junk Seylon). Astur poliopsis, A., p. 7 (Pakchan) ; F, p. 22 (Trang). Astur badius poliopsis, 1., p. 24 (Koh Lak); °K., p. 87 (Koh Lak) ; L. p. 93 (Junk Seylon and Pulau Panjang). Common in open country, rare towards the Malayan border. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922, 104 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 154. (2?) Astur soloensis ( Horsf. ). Falco soloensis, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 137 (Java). Astur soloensis, A., p. 8 (Malewoon and Mergui) ; F., p. 22 (Lang- kaWwi Ids.). Apparently not common, very likely often confused with Accipiter gularis. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.) and Swann* (Synopt. List Accipitr. i, p. 25, 1920) are. inclined to keep separate A. soloensis and A. cuculoides (Temm., Pl. Col. 1823, pl. 129). For the present, however, we are disposed to regard the latter, with its uniform tail, merely as the very adult bird. Both were originally described from Java, A. soloensis from Central, and A. cuculoides from Western, Java. 155. Accipiter gularis (Temm. & Schleg.). Astur gularis, Temm. & Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, 1845-50, p. 5, pl. 2. Accipiter gularis, Ogilvie Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 104; Hartert, Nov. — Zool., xvii, 1910, p. 211. 2 dad, 1d, imm. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam. 18-22 September, 1919. (E. Seimund collector), The wings of these are: —ad. 172-168; imm. 159 mm. The possession of specimens of the typical A. virgatus from Java, and others agreeing with it from Sumatra, enables us to state with some degree of confidence that the typical form of that species is not likely to occur on the continent of Asia, if A. v. besra, from Southern India and Ceylon, is maintained as distinct. Adult females of A, virgatus and A. gularis are totally distinct, but the males ( if it is true that the form described as A. rwfotibialis from Kina Balu, N. Borneo, is merely the adult of A. virgatws) approximate, except in size, the insular bird being much the smallest, It is, therefore *This author has, however, sunk A. cuculoides as a synonym in the 2nd edition of the above quoted work (Part i, 1921, p. 41). A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols, i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D, Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 105 doubtful if there is any resident form of the genus in the Malay Peninsula proper or in Peninsular Siam. 156. Accipiter affinis Hodgs. Accipiter afinis, Hodgson in Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 81; Gurney, List Diurnal Birds of Prey, pp. 39, 168-173 (Himalayas); Hartert, Nov. Zool. xvii, 1910, p. 211. 2 ad. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, 8S. W. Siam. (No. 5302). “Tris rich chrome; bill slate, culmen and tip black, cere greenish ; feet yellow.” Total length 358; wing 202; tail 176; tarsus 61; bill from gape’ 23 mm. This is the only definite record of an adult bird froin the 14 April, 1919. Malay Peninsula or from Peninsular Siam, but it is difficult to ac- cumulate satisfactory material as the immense majority of birds visiting us on passage are quite immature and are referable to A. gularis. The present bird, when “adult, is a close mimic of Lophospizias trivirgatus rufitinctus, from which it can be distin- guished by the slender toes and the absence of the crest. Accipiter nisus, subsp. Accipiter nisus, subsp., Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iu, 1918, p. 22 ( Bangkok ). A subspecies of the European Sparrow Hawk occurs in Siam and probably just reaches our area, and there is one specimen, with- out precise location, in the F. M. 8S. Museums. The size of William- son’s specimens is rather large (wing 242, 252) and, according to Hartert ( Vog. Palaarkt. Faun. ii, 1914, p. 1155), they would be referable to A. nisuws nisosimilis Tickell (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ii, 1833, p. 571, Borabhum ). Gyps indicus tenuirostris Hodgs. Gyps tenuirostris, Hodgson in Gray’s Gen. Birds, FF J. L. (Nepal); Hume, Williamson, (Bangkok). Journ. Nat. Stray Feathers, vii, 1878, p. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, i, 1844, p. 6 326 (Nepal) ; 1918, p. 26 Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 56, No. 2, 1916. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H, Soc. Siam, VOL. V; NO. 2, 1922. iii, 1919. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soe. M.I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. (first part). Siam, iii, 1919. (second part). Siam, iv, 1920. (third part). 106 MESSRS. ROBINSCN AND KLOSS ON We have also a specimen from near Taiping, Perak. It may, therefore, occur in South-West and Peninsular Siam. rarer, 157. Otogyps calvus (Scop.). Vultur calvus, Scop., Del. Flor. et. Faun, Insubr., 1, 1766, p. 85 (Pondicherry). Otogyps calvus, A., p. i (Pakehan); E., p. 115 (Patani); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 132 (Koh Lak) As the succeeding species, and associating with it, but rather 158. Pseudogyps bengalensis (Gm.). Vultur bengalensis, Gmelin, Syst, Nat. i, 1788, p. 245 (Bengal). Pseudogyps bengalensis, A., p. (Tenasserim); B., p. 78 (Junk j Seylon) ; E., p. 115 (Patani); G., p. 151 (Ratburi and Peteha- buri) ; I., p. 131 (General) ; Williamson, Joura. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 27 (Bangkok). Common everywhere; not extending south of Taiping, in the Malay Peninsula. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. E. F. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. = Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. Robinson, Journ, F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 107 STRIGIFORMES. Owcs, 1 Middle toe pectinate on inner margin 3. od Ee oe 2 Middle toe not pectinate on inner margin .. ne er ve 3 9 foe above rich bay, smaller .. e Photodilus badius. Colour above greyish yellow, larger ie Tyto flammea javanica. 3 Pees dise and ruff well marked ; 4 Facial dise and ruff ill marked .. te ar oF ay 5 4 Upper surface spotted with white nc Strix orientalis orientalis. Upper sur ; yi hi Strix indr ingayi. pper surface not spotted with white Hy Strix indranee mamgay 5 { Ear tufts well marked o* A AP ¥ ay 6 (Eur tufts wanting .. cee ae ae ae as 14 Size large, wing over 12 inches .. Fc cies ae nic i Size small, wing under 8 inches ie = > ape iat 7 { Tarsi nearly naked .. a e ae ie as 8 Tarsi mainly feathered ae os as oe a's 9 8 / Paler ; under surface of tail with 5 cross bars af Ketupa zeylonensis. Darker ; under surface of tail with 20 cross bars oe Ketupa ketupu. Smaller; wing less than 14.3 inches, 9. under surface barred ; no shaft stripes to feathers Huhua swmatrana. Larger; wing more than 16 inches, under surface ; ( not barred ; with shaft stripes to feathers Bubo coromandus klossi. 10} are and bill paie clear yellow 3 = Tee | Claws and bill corneous or tinged with greenish Ae oe an we 1 eareer wing over 7 inches ; forehead whitish oe Otus sagittata. Smaller; wing under 6 inches ; forehead not white a Otus luciae. a Feathering not extending to base 2! of toes ; more uniform above; smaller .. .. Otus scops malayana. Feathering extending to base of toes ; =| more blotched with black above ; larger .. Be ae ae le 13 ose wing over 5.6 inches ; toes more feathered Otus bakkamoena lettia. Smaller, wing less than 6.3 inches ; toes less feathered Otus b. lempiji. Nea above AP Pe Se “e - von, cae Uniform above Bs Ey * Fic ae a LG Smaller, with a cervical collar .. ae Glaucidiwm brodiei brodiei. 15 . : ee a : Larger, without a cervical collar .. Glaucidiwn cuculoides cuculoides. 16 fees over 8 inches Hie Ae Ge a fen ee Wing less than 8 inches on ae Ninox scutulata malaccensis. 17 ao above ae Be SiC Ninox scutulata scutulata. Paler above a os = Ninox scutulata burmanica. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922, 108 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Photodilus badius (Horsf.). Strix badius, Horsfield, Zool. Res. Java, 1824, plate (Java). Photodilus badius, K.., p. 112 (Perak) ; I., p. 122 (North Siam). A bird of extreme rarity, of which we have only obtained three or four specimens from the southern parts of the Peninsula. It is certain to be found in Patani. 159. Tyto flammea javanica (Gm.). Strix javanica, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 295 (Java). Strix jflammea, G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). Apparently common in Bangkok, but of very doubtful occurrence from much further south. 160. Strix orientalis orientalis (Shaw). Stria orientalis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. vii, part i, 1809, p. 257 (China). . Syrnium seloputo, A., p. 28. (Bankasoon) ; E., p. 112 (Patani) ; F., p. 30 (Trang); L., p. 94 (Junk Seylon) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1918, p. 26 (Bandon). Syrnium sinense, C., ii, p. 164 (South Tenasserim); D., p. 58 (Patani). Strix orientalis or Mian. Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus, 52, 1917, p. 191. Strix seloputo, M. I., p. 26 (Peninsular Siam). Certainly commoner in the northern parts of the Peninsula than further south. ry 161. Strix indranee maingayi (Hume & Davison). Syrnium muingayi, A., p. 27 (Malacca) ; F., p. 31 (Trang) ; Sharpe, Pee. LOsl, p- 470 Yate cay Stria indrani maingayi, M. 1, p. 26 (Tung Song, Peninsular Siam.) We have six specimens of this rare owl from Trang south- wards to Selangor, all agreeing well with Hume’s and Sharpe’s descriptions. We cannot agree that both S. 7. newarense and S. 7. mavngayt can occur in the same area, and the specimen referred to the former by Sharpe from the the Larut Hills (P. Z. S. 1887, p. 434) must be S. 7. maingayi, as we have a specimen from within a few miles of the locality, which is certainly that race. The female A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, B. Miiller, Die-Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G G: airdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 109 from Chong, Trang, has the under surface rather less ochraceous than more southern birds. 162 Ketupa zeylonensis (Gm.). Strix zeylonensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 287 (Ceylon). Ketupa zeylonensis, A., p. 33 (Tavoy, Pakchan) ; F., p. 30 (Trang) ; H., p. 90 (Bandon). ¢, 2. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 4-8 March, 1919 (Nos. 4421, 4488). “Tris chrome; bill greenish-grey, tipped with black ; feet dirty Total length, ¢, 520; wing 420; tail 200; tarsus 88; bill from gape 48 mm. green, ’ Fairly common in ricefields, ete. 163. Ketupa ketupu (Horsf.). Strix ketupu, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 141 (Java). Ketupa javanensis, A., p. 33 (Tavoy to Malewoon); D., p.58 Pa- tani; F., p. 30 (Malay Peninsula) ; H., p. 91 (Bandon). 2. Mamok, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 27 February, 1919. (No. 4298), ¢. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 8 March, 1919. (No. 4514). 2. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 21 March, 1919. (No. 4752). ?. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam. 12 September, 1919. “Tris chrome; bill black, cere greenish; feet dirty yellowish brown, pale greyish green.” Total length, ¢ 475, 2 477, 460; wing, ¢ 336, 2 365, 355; tail, ¢ 190, 2 200, 190; tarsus, ¢ 70, 2 70, 77; bill from gape, d 43, 2 47, 53 mm. We have examined series from Java, Borneo, Sumatra and the whole of the Malay Peninsula, and can distinguish no constant differences whatever, either in size or colouration, which can be associated with locality. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ, N.H. Soc. Siain, MI. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 110 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 164. Huhua sumatrana (Raffles). Strix sumatrana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc xiii, 1822, p. 279 (Sumatra). Bubo orientalis, A., p. 31 (Hankachin, Pakchan headwaters ) ; C. ii, p. 153 (8. Tenasserim). Huhua orientalis, F., p. 31 (Trang). We have examined series from Sumatra, Borneo and the north and south of the Malay Peninsula and can detect no differen- ces in size. Malay Peninsular and Sumatran birds are identical and will, therefore, have to be called H. swmatrana, though whether they are truly distinguishable from the typical H. o. orientalis Horsf., from Java, is, in the absence of specimens, still an open question. The Bornean birds do not differ in size from the others, but are less distinctly barred beneath. Schlegel* has named the bird from Banka, B. 0. minor, which seems to be identical with the Sumatran and Malay Peninsular bird. 165. Bubo coromandus klossi Robinson. Bubo corcmandus klossi, Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. iv, 1911, p. 247 (Perak) ; K., p. 90 (Koh Lak) ; Herbert. Journ. N. H. 8S. Siam. ii, 1916, p. 58 (S. W. or Peninsular Siam); M. 1, p. 26 (Peninsular Siam). “Tris yellow ; bill greenish horny, black at base; feet leaden.” Total length, & 540, 2 545; wing, ¢ 399 (type) 380, 2 385; bill from gape, 3 46 (type) 43, 2 46 m.m. This race is at present known from seven specimens only, ranging from Koh Lak in 8S. W. Siam to Malacca; it differs from the Indian form in its very much darker colour. Otus sagittata (Cass.). Ephialtes sagittatus, Cass., Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. iv., 1850, p. 121 (Malacca). Scops sagittatus, A ,p. 35 (Malewoon) ; C., ii, p. 156 (Malewoon)}. A species of extreme rarity which, however, is certain to be found in the area; we have a single male from Bukit. Tangga, Negri Sembilan, * Mus. Pays Bas, Oti. p. 13 (1862), p. 5 (1873). Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 « Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F_ Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. « Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ, N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. . Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. oOoP JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 111 166. Otus luciae (Sharpe). Heteroscops luciae, Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 478 Kina Balu, Borneo). Heteroscops vulpes, O. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. xix, 1906, p. 11 (Pahang) ; H., p. 91 (Bandon). Our single female from Bandon differs in certain respects from the rest of our series from the more southern parts of the Peninsula, notably in the colour of the flanks and abdomen, but we are not as yet prepared to name it, nor do we think that the separa- tion of the Malayan and Bornean birds is justified on the existing material, 167. Otus scops malayana (Hay). Scops malayana, Hay, Madras Journ. L. S., 1845, xiii, pt. 2., p. 147 (Malacca); B., p. 76 (Junk Seylon); F., p. 31 (Trang, Langkawi Ids.). Otus scops malayana, J., p. 145 (Langkawi Ids.) ; L., p. 94 (Junk Seylon.). Scops pennatus, A., p. 34 (Mergui). The Little Owl is fairly common in the north of the Penin- sula and is met with in two phases, a greyish brown and a clear rufous. The synonymy is so complicated, and the question of local races so obscure, that we have placed all our specimens under Hay’s name, though it is possible that other or earlier titles may properly apply. 168. Otus bakkamoena lettia (Hodgs.). Scops lettia, Hodgson, Asiat. Res. xix, 1836, p. 176 (Nepal). Otus bakkamoena lettia, J., p 145 (Pulau Dayang Bunting, Lang- kawi Ids.). Probably only a migrant or winter visitor in the extreme south of Peninsular Siam, but certainly separable from O. b. lempiji on account of its much larger size. It is this form which is common in Bangkok. 169. Otus bakkamoena lempiji (Horsf.). Scops lempiji, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 140 (Java) ; F., p. 31 (Langkawi Ids.) ; H., p. 91 (Bandon). Otus bakkamoena lempiji, J., p. 145 (Langkawi Ids.). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. 112 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON This is a southern resident form which probably extends well up Peninsular Siam, and also occurs in §. E. Siam and Cambodia. 170. Glaucidium brodiei (Burton). Noctua brodiei, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 152 (Himalaya region). Glaucidium brodiei, A., p. 39 (Tavoy); H., p. 91 (Kao Nong, Bandon). dg, &. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 4 March, 1919. (Nos. 4407-4408). “Jris yellow; bill greenish-yellow, tip yellow ; feet greenish yellow.” Total length, d 148, 2 175; wing, do 89, 2 101; tail, o 58, 2 64; tarsus, ¢ 19, 2 20; bill from gape, ¢ 15, 2 15 mm. The above specimens, and one from Bandon, have the top of the head broadly and clearly barred. In five specimens, from the mountains of Perak and Selangor, these bars are much less defined and smaller, almost assuming the appearance of a spot on either side of the shaft. There is also a tendency to a smaller number of tail bars. They are not referable to G. b. sylvaticum (Bp.), from the mountains of Sumatra and Borneo, which has a white cervical collar. 171. Glaucidium cuculoides cuculoides (Vigors). Noctua cuculoides, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 8 (Himalayas). Glaucidium cuculoides, A., p. 37 (Tavoy and Estuary); G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 122 (Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak); K., p. 89 (Koh Lak). Athene cuculoides brugeli, Parrot, Ornith. Geschell. in Bayern, viii, 1907, p. 104 (Bangkok). Glaucidium cuculoides cuculoides, M. 1, p. 27 (Maprit, 8. W. Siam). 6 3. Koh Lak. 1-9 April, 1919. (Nos. 4924, 5085, 5176-7 5196-7). 38 d,1 2. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak. 13-16 April, 1919. (Nos. 5267, 5287, 5340, 5345). “Tris chrome yellow; bill greenish, yellowish at tip, bluish at base ; feet greenish yellow.” Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, 2 (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-1 Oates, Birds Brit. poral, a i & ii, 1883. “ Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote. P. Z. §. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Museums, v, 1915, pon JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 113 Total length, ¢ 230, 223, 210, 222, 218, 218, 245, 224, 233, 9 228; wing, do 136, 145, 144, 142, 150, 152, 151, 146, 142, 2 140; tail, d 82, 84, 85, 86, 90, 90, 93, 85, 84, 2 85; tarsus, d 27, 27, 26, 24, 26.5, 24, 25, 25, 2 25; bill from gape, ¢d 21, 20, 21.5, 20, 21.5, 22, 21, 21, 2.21 mm. On dimensions, etc., our large series are identical with the single specimen described by Parrot as above. We do not, however, see that he has made out a case for separating it from the N. W. Himalayan bird, and therefore have not used his name. 172. Ninox scutulata malaccensis (Eyton). Athene malaccensis, Eyton, Ann. & Mag Nat. Hist., xvi, 1845, p. 228 (Malay Peninsula). Ninox scutulata malaccensis, J., p. 144 (Langkawi Ids) ; L., p. 94 (Junk Seylon). The smaller darker resident form, common throughout the area. 173. Ninox scutulata scutulata (Raffles). Striz scutuluta, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 280 (Sumatra). Ninox scutuluta scutulata, J., p. 143 (Langkawi Ids ; Pulau Lontayr). This is the larger migratory form, which is common on the islands of the Straits of Malacca during the winter months. 174 Ninox scutulata burmanica (Hume). Ninox burmanica, Hume, Stray Feathers, iv, 1876, p. 285 (Pegu and Tenasserim); A., p. 40 (Mergui) ; Vinox burmanica, type region restricted to Tenasserim, Ninow seutulata, C. ii, p. 159 (Tenasserim), Ninox scutulata burmanica, K., p. 89 (Inner Gulf of Siam). Ninow scutulata (subsp?) ; I., p. 121 (North Siam). A bird larger and paler than NV. s. malaccensis, found as vet only in the extreme north of our area and with difficulty: separable from N. n. scutulata. t. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ, F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919, ‘ K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. I. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc, Siam. iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. 114 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON PSITTACIFORMES. PARROTS. 1 (Tail square Be ie an ae Bc 2 | Central tail feathers elongated ae fe fe ts ae 4 » {Wing coverts uniform green Ao ee er sc * 3 a | Wing coverts not uniform green.. 4 Psittinus cyanurus cyanurus. 3 {Both mandibles black +e 4 Loriculus galgulus. | Both mandibles orange At ar Loriculus vernalis. 4 (Crown green e ae . Palaeornis longicauda. (Crown not green... ee - ae 4 vi 5 ~ {No frontal black band reaching to eyes oe Palacornis cyanocephala rosa. ° (A frontal black band reaching to eyes a3 Palaeornis alexandri fasciata. 175. Psittinus cyanurus cyanurus (Forst.). Psittacus cyanurus, Forst., Faun. Ind. 1795, p. 6 (ex. Latham, Gen. Syn. Suppl. 1, p. 66, 1787, Malacca). Psittinus incertus, A,, pp. 120, 500 (Tavoy to Malewoon) ; C. ii, p. 501; D., p. 76 (Patani). Psittinus malaccensis, K., p, 112 (Patani). Seeing that it is common in Tenasserim, as far south as Tavoy, it is probable that it will be found quite abundant in Penin- sular Siam. The species, however, like Palacornis longicauda, though common in a district at one time may suddenly disappear for years. At present the only specimens on record are:—two males and a female, all obtained at Biserat, Jalor, in Patani, one by the Skeat expedition in June 1899, and two by Robinson in July and October 1901. We have specimens also from Pelarit, Perlis. “Male. Iris red; upper mandible red, lower greenish; feet greenish. Female. Iris pale green with an outer ring of white; bill yellowish horn, darker on upper mandible; feet pale sage green.” Mr. Williamson’s collector also obtained two females and a- male at Naihoot near Langsuan in November 1921. He records the iris ofall three as “yellowish white”. Total length, ¢ 190, 2 180, 175 mm. A. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. ©, Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905 B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F, Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11 C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, wale i. & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, Y, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ, F.M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 115 176 Loriculus galgulus (Linn.). Psittacus galgulus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 150 (India). Loriculus galgulus, D., p. 73 (Patelung and Patani); E., p, 112 (Patani). The only records from Peninsular Siam are, 2 immature males obtained by Robinson at Biserat, Jalor, in July 1901, and an unsexed bird from Patelung obtained by the Skeat expedition in April 1899; the latter was not improbably a cage bird. Mr. Williamson’s collect- ion also contains a male and an immature female from Bangnara, Patani State, shot on 29th July, 1916. We have also secured it at Pelarit, Perlis, in October 1911 within five or six miles of the Siamese boundary, so the species is probably quite common in the extreme south of Peninsular Siam; except for these records it has not been obtained north of Province Wellesley. 177. Loriculus vernalis (Sparrm.). Psittacus vernalis, Sparrm., Mus. Carls. t. 29, 1787 (Unknown). Loriculus vernalis, A., pp. 120, 500 (Tavoy to Malewoon); C., ii, p. 146 (Tenasserim to Tongka) ; F., p- 32 (Trang); H., p. 91 (Bandon). Coryllis vernalis, B., p. 76 (Puket or Junk Seylon); M., p. 443 (Peninsular Siam). 2. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Peninsular Siam. 14 February, 1919. (No. 4020). 3, 2. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam. 2-8 March, 1919 (Nos. 4848, 4501). ¢ d. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. .15-20 March, 1919 (Nos. 4612, 4712). “Tris white; bill orange; feet yellow.” Total length, ¢ 142, 140, 128, 2 142, 146; wing, ¢ 90, 88, 89, 2 87, 93; tail, d 41, 48, 43, 2 42, 43; tarsus, ¢ 9,10, 11, 2 10, 10; bill from gape, ¢ 13, 12, 11, 2 11.5, 11.5 mm. Sparingly but widely spread over the area; quite common at Takuatung among flowering shrubs near the beach; not met with in i. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. akem pe M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. iN Sony Baker. Journ N.H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M™.!. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL; V, NO. 2, 1922, 116 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON such large flocks as Z. galgulus. We have also examined a male shot in November 1921, at Naihoot, Langsuen, by Mr. Williamson’s collector. “Iris yellowish-white ; bill red ; feet deep yellow. Length 135 mm.”. Palaeornis* longicauda (Bodd.). Psittacus longicwuda, Bodd., Tabl. Pl. Encl. 1783, p. 53 (Malacca). It is probable that the Malay Green-headed Parroquet will be found in the southern districts of the Patani province. It has been recorded from Ulu Selama in North Perak (Bonhote, P. ZS. 1901, p. 76), and is therefore inserted in our “ key.” 178. Palaeornis cyanocephalus rosa (Bodd.). Psittacus rosa, Bodd., Tabl. Pl. Enl. 1783, p. 53 (India). Palaeornis cyanocephalus, A., p. 118 (‘Tavoy) ; C., ii, p. 145. Palaeornis rosa, G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi); K., p. 90 (Koh Lak). Koh Lak is the southernmost known limit of the eastern form of the Blossom-headed Parroquet, which is also found in Southern Annam. 179. Palaeornis alexandri fasciata (P. L. S. Miill.). Psittacus fasciatus, P. L. 8. Miill., Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 74 of 1776. Palaeornis melanorhychus, A., p. 120 (Tavoy to Mergui). Palaeornis fasciata, C., ii, p. 143 (Tenasserim); G., p. 150 (Rat- buri and Petchaburi) ; Herbert, Journ. Nat. Hist. Siam, i, 1914, p. 118 (Chiengrak, nr. Bangkok). 2. imm. Koh Pra Tang, Takuapah Inlet, W. Peninsular Siam. 17 Febraary, 1919. (No. 4081). “Tris whitish; bill black; feet dirty greenish white.” Total length, 272; wing 145; tail 90 (imp.); tarsus 15; bill from gape 22 mm. The specimen, which is very young has a narrow black line from eye to eye across the forehead, which is lavender in front, *Though Oberholser is doubtless correct in his contentions, we can- not bring ourselves to use Conwrus as the name for this genus of parrot. Conurus is too well known for a large Neotropical genus. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E+ O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905, Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit: Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, vy, 1915. pomp JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 147 crown green, sides of face lavender-grey with broad black mandibu- lar stripes, no yellowish green scapular patches ; under wing-coverts green, This example constitutes a southerly record for the species which has not hitherto been found south of the Isthmus of Kra. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv, Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H, Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. : 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917: Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M4. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 118 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON PODARGIDAE. FROGMOUTHS. 180. Batrachostomus affinis Blyth. Batrachostomus afinis, Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal. xvi, 1847, p. 1180 (Malacca) ; G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). ¢. Tasan, Chumpon, Peninsular Siam. 13 March, 1919. (No, 4555). “Tris pale yellow; bill pinkish horn; feet pale pinky white.” Total length 228; wing 121; tail 125; tarsus 14; bill from gape 33 mm. Shot in heavy evergreen jungle. A bird marked female in Mr. Williamson’s collection from Naihoot, Langsuen, shot on 6th November 1921, is almost uniform foxy red, except for the white, black-bordered spots on the scapulars and a band of similar spots on the breast and upper abdomen. “Tris yellowish-white ; bill above yellowish-brown and below yellow ; legs flesh, Length 220 mm.” For the present we refer it to this species, A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. + Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.S8.1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM; THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 119 CORACIIDAE. Rowers. 4 Bill compressed, black % a Coracias affinis. Bill depressed, vermilion we = 2 9 (Outer secondaries largely blue .. te Eurystomus orientalis calonyx. | Outer secondaries largely black .. .. Eurystomus orientalis orientalis. 181. Coracias affinis McClell. Coracias affinis, McClelland, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 164 (Assam); A., p. 72 (lavoy and 8. Tenasserim) ; W. Davison (im litt. Junk Seylon and Kussoon) ; E., p. 109 (Patani); G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 117 (Koh Lak); K., p. 91 (8. W. Siam ) Coracias affinis theresiae, Parrot, Verhandl. Ornith. Gesellsch Bayern. viii, 1911, p. 97 (Bangkok). 3, 2. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 3-4 April, 1919. (Nos. 5003- 5056). “Tris dark hazel; bill black ; feet dirty yellow.” Total length, ¢ 320, 2 310; wing, ¢ 187, 2 172; tail, d 120, 2 118; tarsus, d 25, 9 25; bill from gape, ¢ 42, 2 45 mm. A male from Nong Khai, 8. W. Siam, 31 December, 1917, measures, total length 315, wing 187; and two unsexed specimens from Patani, dated April 1916, wing 184,182 mm. All in Mr. Williamson’s collection. The principal character for Parrot’s race, C. a. theresiae (loc. cit. supra), is not borne out by the considerable series we have examined from Siam and Indo-China. 182. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx Sharpe. Eurystomus calonyx, Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1890, p. 551 (Himalayan Terai) ; E., p. 110 (Patani) ; F., p. 32 (Trang). Eurystomus orientalis calonyx, L., p. 95 (Ghirbi, Junk Seylon, Pulau Panjang) ; M., p. 432 (Peninsular Siam). $, Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Siam. 14 February, 1919. (No, 4015). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.t. Baker, Journ, N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922, 120 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON “Tris dark hazel; bill and feet vermilion, former tipped black.” Total length 305; wing 202; tail 110; tarsus 20; bill from gape 33 mm. The fact that these two races are often found in the same place, commented on by Stuart Baker (loc. cit. swpra) is, of course, explained by the fact that #. 0. orientalis is a resident breeding form, and ZF. 0. calonyx a migratory race breeding in North China and the Himalayas (?). 183 Eurystomus orientalis orientalis (Linn.). Coracias orientalis, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 159 (India). Eurystomus orientalis, D., p. 68 (Patani); E., p. 110 (Patani); F., p. 32 (Trang); p. 144 (Koh Samui and Koh Pennan) ; J., p. 151 (Trang) ; L., p. 95 (Ghirbi). 1 co. Koh Rah, Takuapah. 17 February, 1919. (No. 4062). 3 2. Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 25-26 February, 1919. (Nos. 4239, 4249-50). g, 2. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam. 2nd March, 1919 (No, 4341, 4342) 2 6,2? Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam. 14-17 February, 1919. (Nos. 5289, 5349, 5350, 5352). “Tris dark ; bill vermilion tipped black; feet vermilion.” Total length, ¢ 300, 276, 274, 290, 2 278, 283, 278, 290; wing, ¢ 183, 177, 184; 186, 9 183, 186, 192, 172; tail, ¢ 107, 108, 106, 105, 2 107, 104, 100, 103; tarsus, d 20, 22.5, 18.5, 20, ° 19, 19, 21, 21.5; bill from gape d 39.5, 38, 38, 39, 2 35, 37, 41, 38 mm. It is impossible to say to which race may belong the speci- mens recorded as Hurystomus orientalis from Tavoy to Bankasoon (A., p. 73), Junk Seylon (B. p. 41) and South Tenasserim (OC. &. p. 71). A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. ie a eee i & ii, 1883. hel Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915, JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. ALCEDINIDAE. KAINGFISHERS. With three toes With four toes eet bluish or black Mantle reddish orange Plumage black and white Plumage not black and white ow {Tail shorter than culmen Tail longer than culmen ~ an Wing less than 3.2 inches Ear-coverts ferruginous ( bale more than 3.5 inehes mole blue | Scapulars deep blue Scapulars black { Plumage barred | Plumage not barred a { Wing 5.5 inches or more | Wing at most 5 inches 10 / Wings brown Wings blue 11 eon paler Pileum darker With no white on under surface AE se as ae Under surface partly or entirely white ae and mantle uniform cinnamon rufous. . Head greenish, mantle blue or green Head black 14- Head blue (Head chestnut Ceyxr t. tridactylus. C. r. rufidorsus. Ceryle rudis leucomelanura. Aleedo euryzona. A. atthis bengalensis. A. Wl. A. mu: meninting. seintillans. Carcineutes pulchellus. Ramphaleyon anauroptera. R. capensis burmanica It. c. malaccensis. Haleyon c. coromanda. H. concreta. H. pileata. H. chloris. H, smuyrnensis fusca. 184. Ramphalcyon amauroptera (Pearson). Halcyon amauropterus, Pearson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, x 1841, p. 635 (Calcutta). 121 aoe 18 14 Pelaryopsis amauroptera, A., p. 73 (Mergui to Malewoon); B., p. 46 (Junk Seylon); C. ii, p. 78 (Tenasserim to Junk Seylon) ; F., p. 33 (Trang and Langkawi); J., p. 146 (Langkawi and Terutau). Raumphaleyon awmauroptera, Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. xxxv, 1909, p. 661. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. 6 , 1916. 56, No. 2, 19 J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc, Siam, iil, 1919. VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. (first part). Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. (second part), M.1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. (third part), 122 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 3. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Peninsular Siam, 12 February 1919 (No. 3956). “Tris dark ; bill and feet blood red”. This Kingfisher is never found far from salt water, but is fairly common along the coasts and islands of W. Peninsular Siam and as far south as the Langkawi group: we are not aware that it has been met with on the east coast of the Peninsula. 185. Ramphalcyon capensis burmanica (Sharpe). Pelargopsis og manica, Sharpe, P. Z.S. 1870, p. 67 (Tounghoo, Burma); A., p. 73 (Tavoy to Bankasoon 7 C.a,) pee (‘Tenasserim ee southwards). Pelargopsis fraseri, E., p. 111 (Pattani?). Ramphaleyon capensis burmanica, Oberholser, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxv, 1909, p. 670. Pelargopsis malaccensis, H., p. 145 (Koh Pennan) ; B., p. 46 (Junk Seylon ? ). Pelargopsis capensis malaccensis, 1., p. 114 (Koh Lak). Pelargopsis gurial burmanica, Williamson, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, ii, 1917, p. 334 (Bangkok ; S. W. Siam). Pelargopsis javana malaccensis, Parrot, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908, p. 112 (Petchaburi). $. Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 25 February 1919 (No, 4234). 245. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 3 April 1919 (Nos. 4998-9). 2. Hat Sanuk, S. W. Siam, 15 April 1919 (No. 5317). 3S. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam, 13 September 1919 (E. Seimund). “Tris dark, eyelid crimson ; bill blood red, darker at tip; feet coral, claws dark horn.” Total length 3, 372, 365, 373; 2, 373; wing d, 141, 152; 148; 2, 152; tail, ¢ 100, 108, 112; 2, 113; tarsus do, 16, 18.5, 18; 2, 16; bill from gape ¢, 98, 94, 94; 9, 94 mm. All this series have a dull clay-coloured cap, washed with green but quite unstreaked. Beneath, the colour is somewhat rich ochraceous rufous, deeper in tint than specimens of the Peninsula « Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1906. « Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. « Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. * Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F,.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. con> JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 123 from Kedah to Johore. On the whole it appears best to follow the majority of authors, including Dr. Sharpe, and assign the series to R. c. burmanica, We are, however, not entirely convinced that this form should not be regarded as restricted to a still more northerly habitat, seeing that the type came from Tounghoo and that these birds are merely another intermediate link having stronger affinities with R. c. burmanica than with R. c. malaccensis, just as the re- verse is the case with birds from localities further down the Peninsula. It is possible that individuals from the vicinity of Bandon and Junk Seylon and to the southward should all be listed as malaccensis (Sharpe), thus bringing that race into the area here dealt with. 186. Ceryle rudis leucomelanura Reichenb. Ceryle leucomelanura, Reichenb., Handl. Alced., 1851, p. 21, Taf. 409B, fig. 3488. Ceryle varia, G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; Herbert, Journ. N. H.S. Siam, i, 19!4, p. 56 (neighbourhood «f Bangkok). Ceryle rudis leucomelanura, Williamson, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, ii, 1917 p. 329 (Bangkok); Gairdner, Journ. N. H. 8, Siam, iii, 1919, p. 229 (Petchaburi river); M., p. 433. (Bangkok). Will not improbably be found as far south as Koh Lak, in S. W. Siam. 187. Alcedo atthis bengalensis (Gm.). Aleedo bengalensis, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 450 (Bengal); A., p- 81 (S. Tenasserim); B., p. 44 (Junk Seylon) C. ii, p. 72; F., p. 32 (Peninsular Siam). Alcedo ispida, G., p. 150 ( Ratburi or Petchaburi ). Alcedo ispida bengulensis, I., p, 114 (Koh Lak); J., p. 146 ( Trang ; Langkawi ; Terutau); K., p. 90 ( Tachin ; Koh Lak) ; L., p. 95 (Junk Seylon, etc.); Williamson, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, ii, 1917, p. 331 (Bangkok ; Peninsular Siam). g. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Peninsular Siam, 12 February 1919 (No. 3957). 3, Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 16 March 1919 (No. 4632). i. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. ae Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. ix i 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO, 2, 1922, . 124 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON ¢. Koh Lak, Rajburi, S. W. Siam, 7 April 1919 (No. 5136). 9. Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, S. W. Siam, 17 April 1919 (No. 5351). “Male, iris dark; bill black, reddish at base of mandible only ; feet. vermilion, claws black. Female, with the lower mandible almost entirely dull red”. Total length ¢, 165, 164; 2, 161, 168; wing d, 70, 68; 2, 70, 70; tail 3b, 35, 33; 2, 38, 38; tarsus d, 10, 9; 2, 9, 9: bill from gape do, 45,47; 2, 45, 46 mm. Universally distributed in suitable localities. 188. Alcedo euryzona Temm. Alcedo euryzona*, Temm, PI. Col. livr. 86, text (Java); F., p. 33 (Trang); H., p. 9f (Bandon). Alcedo nigricans, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, xvi, 1847, p. 1180 (Malacca); A., pp. 81, 496 (Nwalabo and Bank iscon). 2 subad. Chong, Trang, 18 December 1909, F. M. S. Mus. No. 461/10. $ ad. Patelung— Trang boundary, 25 December 1909, F.MS. Mus. No. 463/10. | ¢ ad., 2 ad. Kao Nawng, Bandon, 1200-1500 ft., 17-18 June LOS: ; “Male vix ad. Iris dark; bill black, whitish at tip ; feet flesh. Female ad. [ris dark hazel; upper mandible dark horn, lower reddish ; feet flesh. The males above cited, and two others from Pahang, are all very nearly adult though two have pale tips to the bill: they differ from a male from Saribas, S. W. Sarawak, in having the flanks more or less washed with rufous and the blue tips to the feathers of the crown and wing coverts more conspicuous. The Bornean bird is, however, an extremely adult one and we do not think that it would be wise to admit A. nigricans Blyth, founded on a female, as a mainland race of A. ewryzona. *Spelt cryzona in the original description. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der Inselalanga, 1882. F Robinson and Kloss, [bis, 1910-11. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H, Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, vy, 1915. vom JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 125 189. Alcedo meninting meninting Horsf. Alcedo meninting, Hoisfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. xii, 1821, p. 172 (Java) ; B., p. 45 (Junk Seylon) ; E., p. 111 (Patani); F., p. 32 (Terutau) ; L., p. 95 (Junk Seylon). Alcedo meninting meninting, Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxix, 1918, p. 837 (Malay Peniusula, north to Bankasoon), We bave not sufficient material available to discuss in detail Mr. Stuart Baker’s recent article on this Kingfisher (fom. cit. swpra, pp. 87-40). The specimens referred to above are identical with birds from the southern Malay Peninsula, south to Johore, and have the scapulars deep blue, not black. All of our considerable series from the Malay Peninsula, south to Johore, Borneo and Sumatra, differ from a pair of adults from Java in having the blue of the upper surface deeper and less turquoise. If the distinction can be main- tained, and judging from analogy it is probably a real one, our birds will have to be called Alcedo meninting verreawxi De la Berge, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), iii, 1851, p. 305, pl. 9 (Borneo) — the bird described and figured being an immature female. 190. Alcedo meninting scintillans Stuart Baker Alcedo beavani (part.), A., pp. 84, 499 ( Tavoy to Malewoon ). Alcedo meninting scintillans, Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxix, 1918, p. 38 (type locality Bankasoon, and between Lat. 10° and 16° N.); M., p. 433 (Peninsular Siam). Stuart Baker has separated this southern Tenasserim and -southern Siam bird on account of the scapulars being black in adult and immature birds alike. We have not yet seen specimens from the area now dealt with. Baker refers one specimen from Klong Wang Hip (Lat. 8° N.) to this new race to which, however, our speci- men from Junk Seylon, in about the same latitude, cannot be attached. 191, Ceyx tridactylus tridactylus ( Pall. ). Alcedo tridactyla, Pallas, Spice. Zool. vii, 1760, p. 10, ab. 2. fig. 1 (India : Assam restricted). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, M. 4. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part.). VOL. V, NO. .2, 1922, 126 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Ceyx tridactyla, A., pp. 80, 499 (Tavoy to Malewoon); B., p. 45 (Junk Seylon); C.ii, p. 80 (South Tenasserim); J., p. 146 (Terutau) ; Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen, (2) vii, 1889, p, 433 (Malewoon) ; Willamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam ii, 1917, p. 832 (Bangkok ; Peninsular Siam). 7 do, 2. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 15-28 March 1919 ( Nos. 4609, 2423, 4675, 4833-4, 4787-9 ). “ Tris dark ; bill and feet vermilion ”. Total length ¢, 130, 128, 121, 183, 138; wing dG, 55, 53, 57 65, 57; tail ¢, 27, 28, 28, 28, 27; tarsus d, 8, 9, 8, 8, 8; bill from gape d, 38, 38, 36, 39.5, 38 mm. All this series are fairly uniform and all are quite adult, as is shown by the uniform blue mantle: in one the frontal blue spot is entirely absent and in another it is somewhat reduced. 192. Ceyx rufidorsus rufidorsus (Strickl.). Ceyx rufidorsa, Strickland, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 99 (Malacca); B., p. 45 (Junk Seylon). Ceyx euerythra, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvii, 1892, p. 179 (Klang, Selangor) ; F., p. 34 (Trang) ; H. p. 92 (Bandon). Ceyx rufidorsa rufidorsa, Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902, p. 430. The specimens referred to above from Bandon represent the northernmost extension of this species. We have for the present followed Dr. Hartert in using Strickland’s name for this bird and not that of Sharpe. We fail to see, however, even if Strickland’s type is not an immature Ceyx tridactylws, why it should not be regarded as a young specimen of Ceyx dilwynni. 193. Carcineutes pulchellus (Horsf.). Dacelo pulchella, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 175 (Java). Carcineutes pulchellus, A., pp. 79, 499 (Tavoy to Malewoon) ; C. ii, p. 86; (Tenasserim) ; Miller, Journ. fiir Orn. 1882, p. 399; B., p. 47; (Junk Seylon); E., p. 111 (Patani): ¥., p. 34 (Trang) ; H., p- 92 (Bandon) ; G., p- 150 (Rajburi and Petcha- buri). Carcineutes amabilis, Hume, Stray Feath. i, 1873, p. 474 (Pegu Hills). Carcineutes pulchellus amabilis, M., p. 434 (Tung Song). » Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. &. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. * Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. « Oates, ‘Birds Brit. Bar mah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. - Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M.8. Museums, y, 1915. ooGa> JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 127 ¢. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 7 March 1919 (No. 4470). “Tris yellowish brown ; bill and eyelid vermilion; feet yellow- ish brown”. Total length, 211; wing, 84; tail, 72; tarsus, 16; bill from gape, 45 mm. The Banded Kingfisher is sparingly distributed in dry jungle throughout Peninsular Siam, but, like other jungle Kingfishers, seems rarer than it is further south. It extends northwards to a latitude of about 19°. The present specimen has the nuchal rufous collar well developed, but like other birds from dry districts, has the under- surface paler, especially on the flanks, than south Malayan and Javanese birds. We are not at present disposed to regard S. W. and Peninsular Siam birds as even subspecifically distinct from the typical race, whatever may be the status of the Burmese, N. and E. Siam, and Annamese birds, of which we have not sufficient female specimens. The more northern specimens, broadly speaking, show signs of losing the chestnut cervical collar, and the females have the flanks less barred ; but these characters also appear in typical Javan specimens. : 194. Halcyon coromanda coromanda ( Lath.), Alcedo coromanda, Lath., Ind. Orn. i. 1790, p. 252, (Coromandel Coast, ex. Sonnerat : errore! Rangoon, Oberholser). Halcyon coromandus, K., p. 110 (Patani) ; F., p. 34 (Trang); A., p. 75 (Tavoy, Malewoon) ; C. ii, p. 81. Halcyon coromanda coromanda, Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Faun. ii, 1912, p 896; J., p. 147 (Terutau). Entomophora coromanda coromanda, Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48, 19)5, p. 643-5 (type locality designated as Rangoon). Callialeyon coromanda, Miiller, Journ. fiir Orn. 1882, p. 398; B., p. 46 (Junk Seylon). dad. Tung Pran, Takuatung, W. Peninsular Siam, 14 February 1919 (No. 4004). “Tris dark; bill coral; feet paler coral.” 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus, vii, 1917 Baker. Journ N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N,H, Soc. Siam, MI. Baker, Journ, N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. 128 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Total length, 255; wing, 108; tail, 70; tarsus, 17; bill from gape, 68 mm. We have elsewhere dealt with this Kingfisher! and have shown that the N. E. Sumatran form is quite inseparable from that inhabiting the continent of Asia, except in the extreme south of the Peninsula, where H. c. minor occurs. The present species is widely though sparingly distributed along both coasts of Peninsular Siam, especially affecting casuarina groves, It is very numerous both in Singgora and at Tanjong Patani. 195. Halcyon smyrnensis fusca (Bodd.). Alcedo fusca, Bodd., Tab. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 54 (Malabar). Halcyon smyrnensis, A., p. 74 (Tavoy to Pakchan); D., p. 69 (Patani); E., p. 110 (Patani); F., p. 34 (Peninsular Siam) ; H., pp. 92, 145 (Bandon ; Koh Samui; Koh Pennan). Halcyon smyrnensis fusca, I.,p.116 (Koh Lak); K., p. 92 (Tachin); L., p. 96 (Ghirbi) ; Williamson, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, ii, 1917, p. 334 (Bangkok ; 8. W.: and Peninsular Siam), ?. Namchuk, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 26 February 1919 (No 4257). é. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 8 March 1919 (No. 4495). 2. Koh Lak, Rajburi, 8. W. Siam, 4 April 1918 (No. 5058). «Tris dark or dark brown; bill dark blood red, darker on tomia ; feet reddish, dark red, or coral ”. Total length d, 257; 2, 283, 272; wing J, 120; 2, 119, 116; tail ¢, 88; 2, 88, 80; tarsus J, 16; 2, 18, 17; bill from gape ¢, 65; 2, 67, 62 mm. There is much variation in the chestnut tint of the head and under surface, which is apparently due to age. Old specimens have a greenish gloss over the white of the breast, very perceptible in certain lights. The species is widely distributed over the whole of Peninsular Siam near the sea and in open country, but is not met with in heavy jungle or at any great elevation. 1 Kloss, Journ. Fed, Malay States Mus. x; 1921, pp. 215-217. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G+ Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.S.1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 129 196. Halcyon pileata (Bodd.). Alcedo pileata, Bodd., Tabl. Pl. Enl, 1783, p. 41 (China). Haleyon eres: A., pp. 74, 499 (Tavoy to Bankasoon); E., p. 110 (Patani) ; F., p. 34 (Peninsular Siam); J., p. 148 (Langkawi and Teruti a L., p. $5 (Junk Seylon); Williamson, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam ii, 1917, p. 335 (S. W. and Peninsular Siam). Entomobia pileata, B., p. 46 (Junk Seylon). 2. Pangnga, Peninsular Siam, 2 February 1919 (No. 3954). 2. Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 14 February 1919 (No. 4010). 2. Koh Rah, Takopah, Peninsular Siam, 15 February 1919 (No. 4028). “Tris dark; bill blood red; feet dark red, scales edged with black.” | Total length, 291, 305, 305; wing, 128, 130, 135; tail, 88, 93, 98; tarsus, 17, 17, 17; bill from gape, 68, 71, 77 mm. Throughout its immense range, from Korea to Celebes, and from the Bombay Presidency to China, this species seems extraordi- narily stable in its characters and is not divisible into local races. It is very common in southern Peninsular Siam (though we did not actually collect specimens in Bandon) and rather less so as one travels northward. 197. Halcyon chloris armstrongi Sharpe. Haleyon ar mstrongt, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit Mus. xvii, 1892, p. 277, pl, vii, fig. 1 (Siam). Haleyon piloria. A., p. 78 (Tenasserim; Mergui); K., p. 92 (Tachin). Halcyon chloris armstrongi, I., p. 117 (Koh Lak). Sauropatis chloris chloris, M., p. 435 (Meklong, nr. Bangkok). Sauropatis chloris, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) VII, 1889, p. 433 (Malewoon). é.° Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 2 April 1919 (No. 4947). “Tris dark ; maxilla black, mandible pinkish white, tip black ; feet greenish.” : Total length, 240; wing, 101; tail, 72; tarsus, 17; bill from gape, 57 mm. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 6 56, No. 2, 1916 (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second = L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920 iii, 1919. (third part. VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 130 MESSRS. ‘ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 198. Halcyon chloris humii Sharpe. Haleyon hum, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvii, 1892, p. 281, pl. vii eae Sauropatis chloris, B., p. 46 (Junk Seylon). Haleyon humit, D. Sis, 69 (Patani) ; E., p. 110 (Patani). Haleyon armatrongi, F., p. 34 (Langkawi and Terutau) ; H., p. 145 (Koh Samui and K. Pennan). Haleyon chloris, J., p. 149 (Langkawi and Pulau Lontar) ; L., p. 96 (Pulau Panjang). One of us has recently examined a large series of the Blue- and-white Kingfisher from the present area and is now of opinion that two races may fairly be recognised (Journ. F. M.S. Mus., x, 1921, p. 214), for though individuals do not always bear out this con- clusion, yet in series the differences are quite tangible. The northern form, H. c. armstrongi, has the ear-coverts of the same blue as the crown, though sometimes darker, the black nuchal band obsolete or absent, and only a slight buffy wash on the flanks. The southern race, H. c. hwmii, has ear-coverts more blackish, or of a darker different blue from the crown, the nuchal band pronounced, and the flanks more strongly washed with buff. The place where the forms intergrade seems to be in the neighbour- hood of the Isthmus of Kra, and we have referred specimens accordingly. | | 199. Halcyon concreta (Temm._). Dacelo concreta, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 346, 1825 (S. W. Sumatra) ; Schleg. Mus. Pays Bas, Alced., 1863, p. 26. Halcyon varia, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 101 (Malacca, 9). Halcyon conereta, A., p, 76 (Bankasoon and Malewoon) ; C. ii, p. 84; F., p. 85 (Trang). As far as Peninsular Siam is concerned, only recorded from Trang. In southern Tenasserim confined to the vicinity of the Pakchan Estuary where, however, we did not meet with it. Most Bornean specimens have the blue of the upper surface darker, as also the blue malar stripe, which is blacker posteriorly ; but the differences are not very definite and can be matched by one or two Malayan specimens. In females and younger males, both of Maloyan and Bornean binds the ms stripe is much brighter blue. A. Shins, & Deviven: ‘pinay Feathers, vi, 1878. E, O. Grant, Fasciculi porighrrre iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Inselalanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, -11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, ee i. & ii883. G. Gairdner, Journ, N. H. Soc, eens i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H, Robinson, Journ, F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 131 BUCEROTIDA. HornBILLs, Peale tail feathers much elongated 2 Central tail feathers not elongated od 3 {Casque small, compressed, crest very full .. .. Berenicornis comatus. Casque large, truncated in front, crest not full hg Rhinoplax vigil. pean large and high 4 Casque small and low ; YY ite 6 eit broad, ending in a double point AS “F Dichoceros bicorinis. Casque compressed, ending in a single point 9 5 5 ees tail feathers entirely white .. Anthracoceros coronatus converus “ (Outer tail feathers only tipped with white .. ie A. albirostris. pee compressed, smaller 5 Wa og ny 7 Casque broad, composed of transverse ridges, larger .. Ae ie 8 7 iene and throat naked ex oe .. Anorrhinus galeritus Chin and throat feathered se as .. Ptilolenus t. tickelli. — of mandibles plicated a oe Rhytidoceros undulatus. Bases of mandibles not plicated . . Efe va R. subruficollis. 200. Dichoceros bicornis (Linn.). Buceros bicornis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 153 (Sunda Straits). Dichoceros cavatus, A., p. 98 (Pakchan ; Bankasoon ; Malewoon). Dicoceros bicornis, B., p. 50 (Junk Seylon); D., p. 70 (Patani) ; E., p. 108 (Patani); F., p. 35 (Terutau Id.); G., p. 150 (Rat- buri and Petchaburi); J., p. 150 (Telibun Id.); L., p. 96 (Ghirbi). S. Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 13 February 1919 (No. 3983). 3, 2. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 2 March 1919 (No. 4358, 4360). “Tris red; bill ivory, stained with yellow, more orange at the tip, extremities of casque black, base of lower mandible black ; female with no black on casque; feet greenish black”. Total length ¢, 1100, 1155; 2, 1030; wing ¢, 425, 470; 9, 465; tail, ¢ 420, 400; 2, 380; tarsus o, 72, 60; 2, 58; bill from gape 2, 247, 212; 2, 207 mm. Common everywhere along the coast, especially on certain of the islands. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1!. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third ‘part), VOL. V, NO. 2; 1922, 132 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 201. Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw & Nodder). Buceros albirostris, Shaw & Nodder, Nat. Mise. xix, 1807, p. 809 (Chandernagore, Bengal). Hydrocissa albirostris, A., p. 100 (Tavoy to Bankasoon); B, p. 47 (Junk Seylon). Anthracoceros malabaricus, D., p. 70 (Patelung); E., p. 107 (Patani); F., p. 35 (Trang ; Langkawi; Terutau) ; Anthracoceros albirostris, G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; J., p. 150 (Langkawi) ; L., p. 96 (Ghirbi). 6, Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 12 February 1919 (No. 3962). 5, 2. Hat Sanuk, near Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 13-15 April 1919 (No. 5276, 5318). . “Tris red, orbits silvery tinged with blue; bill ivory and black ; feet greenish grey or black.” Dan length 3, 747; 2, 720; wing d, 285; ¢, 280; tail ¢, , 283; tarsus do, 44; 2, 42; bill ¢, 189; 9, 1387 mm. ee from mes ae off Dalenaitiae, and from Terutau bo 8! es and Langkawi as well as from Junk Seylon, are all smail with the wing less than 265 mm., but judging from the casque are mostly juvenile. An adult AD from Chong, Trang, is large, with the wing 308 mm., completely agreeing in this respect with A. affinis (Blyth) from the Himalayas. The birds do not appear to differ excépt in size: but Trang is so far from the range of affinis (Dehra Dun to Eastern Assam) that we hardly care to identify by that name an isolated specimen found at the farther extremity of the range of albirostris: nor, for the moment, do we use trinomials though we have little doubt that afinis i 1s merely a subspecies of albirostris. There is some doubt as to the application of the earlier name Buceros malabaricus Gmelin, so we do not use it Here | 202. Anthracoceros coronatus convexus (Temm.). Buceros convexus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 1831, pl. 530, (Java). Anthracoceros convexus, D., p. 70 (Patani). The southern from of the genus, reaching its northern limit in Patani. Hume & Pavison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. ©. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iit (Birds), 1905. Miiller, Die Ornis der, Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-1 2 Oates, ‘Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G.- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Banhote. P, Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. i . Hw Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8: Museums, v, 1915. pnp JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 133 203. Rhytidoceros undulatus (Shaw). Buceros undulatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii, 1811, p. 26 (Java). Rhytidoceros undulatus, A., p. 111 (Choungthanoung to Victoria Point); B., p. 48 (Junk Seylon) ; E, p. 36 (Terutau and Lang- kayi Ids.) ; J., p. 150 (Lontar Id); L., p. 96 (Junk Seylon). ¢. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 2 March 1919 (No: 4359). . ¢. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 19 March 1919 (No. 4692). “Tris orange or red, orbit salmon or chrome; throat chrome with transverse band of blue o dark green; bill ivory, reddish at base ; feet black. ” | Total length, ¢, 980, 1055; wing, 465, 502; tail, 350, 410; tarsus, 55, 62; bill from gape, 220, 210 mm. 204. Rhytidoceros subruficollis (Blyth). Buceros subruficollis, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xii, 1843, p. 177 (vicinity of Moulmein, op. cit. x. 1841, p. $17). Rhytidoceros subruficollis, A., p. 112 (Bankasoon); G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi). A low country form in the Malay Peninsula, R. wndulatus keeping more to the hills. 205. Anorrhinus galeritus (Temm.). Buceros galeritus, Temminck, Pl]. Col., 1824, pl. 520 (Sumatra). Anorrhinus galeritus, A., pp. 109, 500 (Nw: als ibo, Bankasoon); M., p. 435 (Tung Song, Peninsular Siam). A hill country hornbill. We have a male from Khao Ram, 1200 ft., Nakon Sri Tamarat, March 1922. Ptilolemus tickelli tickelli (Blyth). Buceros tickelli, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxiv, 1855, p. 266 (Hills east of Moulmein). ‘Piilolaemus tickelli, G., p. 150 (Sai Yoke, Ratburi, W. Siam, vide Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 26). Will possibly occur just within our limits. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. nga Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56 1916. (first part). = Robinson, —- F. M.S. Mus. vii, testy, Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. « Kloss, Ibis, (second part), Hi Robinson “cg Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. lt. Paker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922, 134 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 206. Berenicornis comatus (Raffles). Buceros comatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 399 (Sumatra). Berenicornis comatus, A., pp. 106, 500 (Nwalabo and Bankasoon), Rare everywhere, feeding on very high trees. Male from Khao Ram, 1200 ft., and two from Khao Luang, 2000 ft., Nakon Sri Tamarat, all in March 1922—tthe two last being obtained by Mr, W. J. F. Williamson’s coliector. 207. Rhinoplax vigil (Forst.). Buceros vigil, Forst., Ind. Zool., 1781, p. 40. (Tenasserim). Rhinoplax vigil, A., p. 115 (Bankasoon). Fairly common in heavy jungle in the Malay States, but never very easy to obtain. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. = O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. A. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11 Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. &. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.§8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 135 * UPUPIDA. Hoopogs. Crest with a subterminal bar of white: larger .. Upwupa epops saturata. Crest with no subterminal bar of white: smaller Upupa epops longirostris. 208 Upupa epops saturata Lonnberg. Upupa epops saturata, Lonnberg, Arkiy. fir Zool. v, 1909, No. 9, p. 29 (Kjachta); I., p. 111 (Koh Kak) ; K., p. 93 (Perak). This form is insufficiently known, but the local occurrence rests on two birds, one from Perak, the other from Koh Lak, both shot in winter and possibly migrants. 209. Upupa epops longirostris (Jerd.). Upupa longirostris, Jerdon, Birds India, i, 1862 p. 393 (Burma). Upupa longirostris, A., p. 202 (Pakchan) ; B., p. 43 (Junk Seylon) ; CO. ii p. 63 (Tenasserin ; Junk Seylon). Upupa indica, E., p. 108 ae F., p. 34 (Trang); G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petch aburi); H, 145 («Koh Samui.) Upupa epops longirostris, 1., p. ri (Koh Lak); K., p. 62 (Koh Lak ; Patani); L., p. 95 (Pulau Panjang); Williamson, Journ. N.H.S. Siam, ui, 1917, p. 239 (Bangkok; S. W. and Peninsular Siam). 3, 2. Mamok, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 27-28 February 1919 ( Nos. 4300, 4305.) 2 d,2 2. Namchuk, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 25-26 Febru- ary 1919 (Nos. 4215, 4216, 4246, 4262). 3. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 8 March 1919 (No. 4508). 2 3. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 1-9 April 1919 Nos. 4878, 5209). 3. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam, 21 September 1919, KE. Seimund (C.). “Tris dark ; bill black, corneous at base ; feet grey.” Total length 3, 317, 315, 280, 308, 290; 2, 283, 300, 288; wing J, 145, 137, 145, 147, 142 (dry), 132 (yg.); 2, 131, 133 130; tail ¢, 113, 108, imp. 106, 103; 2, 98, 105, 98; tarsus ¢, 24, 24, 23, 23, 23; 2, 20, 23, 21; bill from gape ¢, 70, 68, 70, 72, 50 (dry); 2, 54, 55, 51 mm. Males, as shown by this series, are larger than females, with eon- siderably longer bills, which however seem to be much affected by wear. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918 ( second part). L. Robinson and Rios, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc, Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part), VOL, V, NO. 2, 1922. 136 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON MEROPIDZ. BEE-EATERS. (Central tail feathers elongated .. xs rs iis te 2 Tail square, central tail feathers not elongated sc He af 4 9 ees chesnut Se af oes a Merops viridis. Head not chestnut .. Be a6 ee ae an 3 { Wing 4 inches or under Sr ee M. orientalis birmanus. | Wing 5 inches or over oe ie M. superciliosus javanicus. 4 ee breast plumes elongate .. ae i a at 5 Smaller, breast plumes normal .. .. Melittophagus e. erythrocephalus. 5 Pare plumes blue .. | i be .. Nyctiornis athertoni. Breast plumes yermilion os ee AG .. N. amictus. 210. Merops viridis Linn. Merops viridis, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 182 (Java); J», Pp: baa (Langkawi) ; Merops sumatranus, D., p. 69 (Patani); E., p. 109 (Patani); F., p. 37 (Peninsular Siam and Langkawi) ; 17., p. 92,142 (Pandon, Koh Samui and Koh Pennan). 26, 2. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 2—4 April 1919 (Nos. 4943, 5010, 5019). «Tris carmine; bill black ; feet browinsh black.” Total length ¢, 286,302 ; 2, 258; wing J, 110,112; ?, 108; tail (middle feathers) 3 , 165, 142; 2, 130; tail (outer feathers) 5, —, —; 2, 80; tarsus 0, 12,11; 2, 11; bill from gape 6, 45,44; 9, 44 mm. Mr. W. J. F. Williamson has examples from Chumporn and Bangtaphan. It is curious that this bird should, so far as is ‘known to date, not occur in Tenasserim, while it is found on the other side of the range at the above locality and also in Eastern Siam and French Indo-China. The species is, at all events, partially migratory, but less so than M. javanicus, though in the more southern parts of its range it may be met with throughout the year. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1906. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 137 211. Merops orientalis birmanus Neumann. Merops viridis (nec Linn.), A., p. 67 (Tavoy and Mergui). Merops viridis burmanus, Neumann, Ornith. Monatsb. xviii, 1910, p. 80 (Myingan, Ivawadi). Merops orientalis burmanus, Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Faun. ui, 1912, p. 864; I., p. 110 (Koh Lak). Merops lamark burmanus, K., p. 93 (Koh Lak). 36,42. Koh Lak,S. W.Siam, 2-8 April 1919 (Nos. 4941, 4942, 5954-5, 5060, 5072, 5179). “Iris carmine ; bill black ; feet greyish brown or brownish.” Mota! Meawe oO, 287, 191, 198; 9, 220, 229;' 932 213; wing ¢, 96, 97, 93; 2, 91, 88, 92,91; tail d, 77, 77, 128; 9%, 112, 212, 124, 103; tarsus ¢, 11.5, 11, 9.5; 2,11, 9, 9.5,10; bill from page J, 33 (app.), 35, 35; 2, 29, 30, 30 (app.), 32 min, These specimens are all in rather worn plumage, but in all the top of the head is more or less rich rufescent brown washed with green, thus conforming to Neumann’s diagnosis, In several the bill is damaged or worn at the tip, which is probably due to the use of the bill for excavating nesting holes. The species was very abundant at Koh Lak, in open country in the vicinity of the sea; we did not see it further south, and it certainly does not occur at Chumporn where we were specially on the look out for it. It has been taken by Williamson’s. collectors at Petchaburi and also at Nong Khae, in S. W. Siam. 212. Merops superciliosus javanicus Horsf. Merops javanicus, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1821, p. 171 fe Pn seat ica: A., p. 67, 498 (Bankasoon); B., p. 44 (Junk Seylon) ; E.. p. 109 (trang ; Terutau Id. ); G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; H., p. 146 (Koh Samui and Koh Pennan) ; J., p. 152 (Terutau Id.) ; K., p. 94 (Koh Lak); Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam ii, 1917, p. 328 (Bangkok ; Peninsular Siam). $, Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 6 March 1919 (No. 4447). $. Tasan, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 15 March 1919 (No. 4614). I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc, Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.t. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. ‘ (third part), VOL, VY, NO. 2, 1922, 138 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON «Tris red ; bill black ; feet black or purplish black.” Total length, — , 302; wing, 136, 133; tail, —, 154; tarsus, 13, 11; bill from gape, 58, 42 mm. Apparently nowhere very common in the more northern parts of the Peninsula. | 213. Melittophagus erythrocephalus erythrocephalus ( Gm. ). Merops erythrocephalus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 463 (Ceylon). Merops leschenaulti, A., p. 68 (Tavoy to Bankasoon ). Melittias quinticolor, B., p. 44 (Junk Seylon ). Melittophagus swinhoei, E., p. 109 ( Patani) ;“F., p. 36 (Trang and Langkawi) ; H., p. 92 (Bandon); J., p. 152 (Terutau Id.); L., p. 96 (Ghirbi ; Junk Seylon ; Pulau Panjang). We did not collect this Bee-eater on the present expedition, though, curiously enough, Davison notes that he came across immense numbers up the head waters of the Pakchan. In the southern parts of Peninsular Siam, and on Langkawi and Terutau Islands, it is very abundant during the winter months. It is found, though sparingly, in Penang and extends south as far as Parit on the Perak river, where large flocks were met with in September 1911. 214. Nyctiornis athertoni Jard. & Selby. Nyctiornis athertoni, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. ii, 1828, pl. 58 (Cachar) ; I., p. 111 (Koh Lak). 2. Hat Sanuk, nr. Koh Lak, S. W. Siam, 15 April 1919 (No. 5266). “Tris bronze ; bill black, whitish at base ; feet sage green. ” Total length 345; wing138; tail 135; tarsus 20; bill from gape 51 mm. The above locality, in the neighbourhood of which Gylden- stolpe also secured two specimens, is considerably the most southerly recorded from Siam, though the species reaches a similar latitude in French Indo-China. The more bluish tint of the crown, noted on birds from north Siam by Gyldenstolpe, is probably the result of wear: it is very marked on the whole upper surface of our bird, which is in very worn plumage. Hume, & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Miiller, Die Ornis der Inselalanga, 1883. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i. & ii883. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i, O. Grant, Fasciculi Melevese iii (Birds), 1905. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. oh Siam, i, 1915. Robinson, Journ. F, M. 8. Museums, vy, 1915. DpBP Zann JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 139 215. Nyctiornis amictus (Temm. ). Merops amictus, Temm. Pl. Col. iv, 1824. pl. 310 (.Bencoolen, Sumatra ). Nyctiornis malaccensis, Cab, and Heine, Mus. Hein. ii, 1860, p. 133 ( Malacca : female ). Nyctiornis amicta, A., p. 69, 498 (Malewoon) ; F., p. 37 ( Trang ) ; G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi); H., p. 92 ( Bandon) ; L., p. 97 ( Ghirbi ). dé. Renong river, Peninsular Siam, 22 February 1919 (No, 4160). 2. Mamok, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 28 February 1919 (No, 4313), . 3g, %. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 14-22 March 1919 (No. 4582, 4771). “Tris orange ; bill black, whitish at base ; feet pale green grey.” Total length ¢, 333, 323; 2, 320,308; wing d, 133, 124; 2 121, 123; tail ¢, 130, 117; 2, 123,:120; tarsus d, 15,15; 2. 16,16; bill from gape ¢, 60, 57; 2, 49.5, 55 mm. Examination of these and many others from various parts of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo shows that all but the adult males have some small trace of scarlet on the feathers of the forehead, which appears to be lost by a direct change to mauve or lilac, as many feathers are mauve at the tips with scarlet near the shaft. Mr. Gairdner’s record seems the most northerly for Siam ; but on the Burmese frontier it has been obtained at Myawadee, 65 miles N. by E. of Moulmein. In the southern parts of Peninsular Siam it is a very common forest bird. fi. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. . No. 2, 1916, (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K- Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 1. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. ii, 1919, (third part.). iii, VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 140 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON CAPRIMULGIDA. GoaTsUCKERS OR NIGHT-JARS. 1 {Gape with bristles ‘ie a ae a0 am 2 (Gape with no bristles a5 as Lyncornis c. cervineiceps { Four outer pairs of tail feathers with white tips | Two outer pairs of tail feathers with white tips te oO {Wing more than 8 inches as oe Caprimulgus indicus jotaka | Wing less than 8 inches ar 5 C. indicus innomminatus 4 | Wing 6 inches or under - ss C. asiaticus (| Wing 7 inches or over SH ee C. macrurus ambiguus 216. lLyncornis cervineiceps cervineiceps Gould. Lyncornis cervineiceps, Gould, Icon. Av. pt. 11, 1838, pl. 14 (China or adjacent Islands! type locality here fixed as province of Trang, Peninsular Siam); A., p. 60 (Pabyin; Bankasoon ; Tongka’; F., p. 38 (Trang) ; G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; I., p. 107 (Hat Sanuk) ; L., p. 97 (Junk Seylon) : Hume, Stray Feathers, ix, 1880, p. 120. (Kasoon ; Pangnrga). ¢. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam, 14 September 1919, K. Seimund (C). 2. Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 13 February 1919 (No. 3968). “Tris dark; bill pinkish horn, culmen black; feet brownish horn.” ; Total length 9°, 405; wing ¢, 305; 9%, 323; tail 2, 230; tarsus 2, 18; bill from gape 2, 29.5 mm. Fairly common all over Peninsular Siam, except the Monthon of Patani. 217. Caprimulgus indicus innominatus Hume (). Caprimulgus innominata, Hume, Stray Feathers, iii, 1875, p. 318, note (Choungthanoung, Tenasserim). Caprimulgus jotaka, A., p. 56 (Choungthanoung, Bankasoon ¢ ). Caprimulgus indicus jotahke, J., p. 153 (Terutau Td. ). Specimens from Terutau Island, Annam and Hainan tend to show that Indo-China possesses a small dark resident race of this goatsucker (analogous to C. 7. kelaarti, of Ceylon and South India), which is best recorded under Hume’s name as above. A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1906. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11 Cc. (Oates, ‘Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.S. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8. Museums, vy, 1945. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 141 218. Caprimulgus indicus jotaka Temm. & Schleg. Caprimulgus jotaka, Temm. & Schleg., Fauna Japon., Aves, 1847, p. 37, pl. 12 (Japan) ; F., p. 37 (‘Trang). Caprimulgus indicus jotaka, J., p. 153 (Langkawi). On the coasts and islands of the western side of Peninsular Siam this migratory species is not uncommon during the winter months. 219. Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham. Caprimulgus asiaticus, Latham, Ind, Orn. ii, 1790, p. 588 (India, Bombay) ; G., p. 150 (Ratburi and Petchaburi) ; L., p. 109 (Koh Lak) ; K., p. 97 (Koh Lak . Not known south of Koh Lak. 220. Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus Hartert. Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus, Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 373 (Malay Peninsula ; Burma ; Assam ; Eastern Himalayas) ; K., p- 94 (Koh Lak: Type locality restricted to South Tenasserim) : L., p. 97 (Junk Seylon). Caprimulgus macrurus, A., p. 58, 498 (Tavoy to Malewoon) ; B., p. 51 (Junk Seylon and Malay | eninsula) ; E., p. 107 (Patani). Caprimulgus ambiguus, F., p. 37 (Trang. Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus, 1., p, 109 (Hue Sai and Hat Sanuk) ; J., p 153 (Langkawi) ; M., p. 436 (Klong Wong Hip, Peninsular Siam). 2. Koh Rah, Takuapah, Peninsular Siam, 16 February 1919 (No. 4075). | $, 2. Tapli, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam, 2—8 March 1919 (Nos. 4354, 4398). “Tris dark ; bill blackish ; feet pinkish brown.” Total length 3, 287; 2, 273, 277; wing ¢, 198; 2, 198, 189; tail ¢, 153; 2, 135, 145; tarsus J, 18; 2, 14, 16. 5; bill from gape 3,34; 2, 31, 34mm. . Much has been written on the races of this widespread goat- sucker, which it is unnecessary to repeat here. It appears to be fairly well established that three races exist on the Asiatic conti- nent, viz., C. macrurus albonotatus, Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, + Kloss, Ibis, 1918. : (second part). « Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.!. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). {. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). - Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. L VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 142 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON ii, 1833, p. 580 (Bengal). A larger and paler form, not found in the area dealt with here. C. macrurus ambiguus, Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 373. An in- termediate race ranging south to about 6° or 7° N. Lat. C. macrurus bimaculatus, Peale, U. S. Explor, Exped. viii, 1848, p. 170 (Singapore.) A smaller darker race found in the southern third of the Malay Peninsula. Note. Caprinvulgus m. anamensis Oberholser (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. xlviii, 1915, p. 598, Tanjong Katong, Singapore) is a pure synonym of the last. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. A. 8. Miller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Gs Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915, D. Bonhote, P. Z.8.1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOO. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 143 APIDZ. Swirts. yr pre of tail feathers stiff, ending in bare pe 4 Shafts of tail feathers normal . a 2 | Tail very deeply forked ; crested or with deat finial plumes on the head ; 2 sexes somewhat different .. ea 5 Tail even, or at any rate not deeply forked ; ; not crested. or with ornamental plumes on the head ; sexes similar oa ae bia a 3 All four toes directed forwards .. F ga a "P 6 B + Two toes directed forwards, two backw ards. Tachornis b. infumatus Three toes directed forwards, one backwards a - as 7 : Wing over 7 inches .. a bag Chaetura gigantea indica Wing under 5 inches ba f C. leucopygialis panes and moustachial plumes white .. Hemiprocne ce. comata Eyebrow and moustachial plumes not white H. longipennis harterti 6 Sitoccs with white tips to feathers ne Apus p. pacificus Abdomen uniform blackish ie vs A, affinis subfurcatus (Upper surface steel blue ; belly with white 7 1 edgings to feathers : Collocalia linchi elachyptera ( Upper surface sooty brown ; belly without white edgings to feathers oe ) | Wing 5 inches or more ae ats C. imnominata Wing less than 5 inches e z% C. francica germaini Collocalia linchi elachyptera Oberh. Collocalia linchi elachyptera, Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1906, p. 207 (Bentinck Id., Mergui Archipelago). Collocalia linchi, Blyth, Birds of Burma, p. 35 (Mergui Arch.). Certain to occur in the neighbourhood of the Pakchan Estuary within Siamese territory, though no specimens are actually on record. Collocalia innominata Hume. Collocolia innominata, Hume, Stray Feathers, i, 1873, p. 294 (South Andaman Id.); A, p. 49 (Mergui and Bankasoon) ; J., p. 154. Collocalia maxima (nomen nudum), Hume, Stray Feathers, iv, 1876, p. 223 (Mergui and Bankasoon’. This large Cave-Swiftlet will probably be found abundant on many of the islands on both coasts of Peninsular Siam. 1. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. MM. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second pert), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, An! 1920 iii, 1919. ird part). VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 144 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 221. Collocalia francica germaini Oust. Collocalia germaini, Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1876, p. 1 (Pulo. Condor). Collocalia spodinpygrt, A., p. 51 (Mergui to Bankasoon) ; C. ii, p. 8 (Mergui Arch., south oe Tavoy ). Collocalia mer guiensis, H.. Pp- 146 (Koh Be and Koh ee Collocalia francica germaini, I., p. 106 (Koh Lak); J., p. 154 (Lontar Id.). We found this swiftlet numerous on Koh Samui and Koh Pennan in the Bandon Bight. Specimens from these islands and from Pulau Condor, the typical locality, have been submitted to Dr. Hartert and pronounced to be identical. We have seen a specimen of Williamson’s from Langsuan, taken in October 1921. 222. Chaetura gigantea indica Hume. Chetura indica, Hume, Stray Feathers, i, 1873, p. 471 (Southern India) , A., p. 46 (Bankasoon, Malewoon) ; Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvi, a 476 (Salanga or Junk Sey lon). Chetura gigantea, A., p. 46 (Malewoon ; cf. Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvi, p. 475). Hirundinapus gigantea, C. ii, p. 5 \Malewoon),. We have not seen specimens of this race from 8S. W. or Peninsular Siam, but it is an occasional straggler as far south as Selangor. Intermediate forms also occur. popr Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E « Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. Bonhote. P. 4 8. 1901, Vol. i. H Chaetura leucopygialis (Blyth). Acanthylis leucopygialis, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, XVill, 1849, p. 809 (l’enang). Chaetura coracina, A., p. 45 (Choungthanoung ; Pakchan). Rhapidura leucop ygialis, C. ii, p. 6 (S. Tenasserim). Probably common, but hard to obtain. 223. Apus pacificus pacificus (Lath.). Hirundo pacifica, Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl., 1801, p. lviii (New South Wales). Cypselus pacificus, A., p. 48 (Bankasoon) ; H., p. 146 (Koh Pennan). ¢. Kandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam, 12 September 1919, . Seimund (C). Wing 175 mm. » ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. « Robinson and Kloss, Dbis, 1910-11. e Robinson, Journ. F.M.8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 145 We are unable to say if the darker form described by the late Col. Harington as C. p. cooki from the Northern Shan States (Bull. Brit. Orn, Club, xxxi, 1918, p. 57: Goteik, N. Shan States) occurs in Peninsular Siam; the probabilities are that it does, as we have one specimen closely agreeing with the description, shot on the summit of Kedah Peak in December 1915. 224. Apus affinis subfurcatus Blyth. Cypselus subfurcatus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat, Soc. Bengal, xviii, 1849 p. 807 (Penang); A., p. 47 (Malewoon) ; J., p. 155 (Koh Muk, Trang . A pus affinis subfurcatus, I., p. 107 (Koh Lak). The common House-Swift in Peninsular Siam. 225. Tachornis batassiensis infumatus (Scl.). Cypselus infumatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 602 ( Borneo) ; A., p. 48 (Mergui to Malewoon). Tachornis infumatus, E., p. ts (Patani) ; F.,, p. 38 Trang); H., p. 146 (Koh Samui) ; I., p. 107 (Koh Lak) ; Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvi, 1892, p. 468 (Kossoom and ‘Poonya” Pangnga ¢). Common among the Lontar Palms (Borassws flabellifer) wherever they occur. _ 226. Hemiprocne longipennis harterti Stres. Hemiprocne longipennis harterti, Stresemann, Noy. Zool. xx, 1913, p. 339 (Deli, Sumatra). Dendrochelidon longipennis, A., pp. 52, 498 (Nwalabo to Malewoon),. Macropteryx longipennis, F., p. 38 (Trang). 227. Hemiprocne comata comata (Temm.). Cypselus comata, Temminck, PI. Col., 1824, pl. 268 (Sumatra). Dendrocheli:lon comata, A., p. 51 \Choungthanoung to Malewoon). Macropteryx comata, F., p. 38 (Trang). Both these Tree-Swifts are common, especially on the banks of the larger rivers in jungle country. . I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. ig a Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922, 146 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON TROGONIDAE. TRoGoNS. { Abdomen yeliow or orange yellow .. Pyrotrogon oreskios uniformis 1 / Abdomen brown or butfy brown Me: nid a0 ae 2 { Abdomen red or pink re ce Ne es ¥s 3 9 (Breast and abdomen uniform dark brown P. orropheus, Q | Breast brownish grey, abdomen buffy brown P. kasumba, @ » | Smaller, wing less than 5 inches 4 | Larger, wing more than 5 inches 4 4 {Head and throat brown, abdomen pink .. P. duvauceli, & | Head and throat black, abdomen red os vs 4c 4s 5 5 {Rump scarlet ts oF ays P. duvauceli, 5 (Rump light brown ma ve P. orropheus, 3 ( Outer tail-feathers partly white speckled 6 - with black * ws he i | JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 163 The two specimens recorded from the upper slopes of Khao Nawng were obtained on 28rd and 25th June 1913. Male and female closely resemble each other; but in the latter the scarlet patches on the sides of the throat are only slightly developed. The red occipital patch is much smaller than shown in Shelley’s figure, and the yellow tips to the feathers of the frontal red band are prac- tically non-existent, as indeed is mentioned in Hume’s original description. Four birds (1 ¢, 3 2) obtained on Khao Luang, 4,500 ft., Nakorn Sri Tamarat, in March 1922, precisely agree with the two from Khao Nawng. Possibly C. davisoni is only the fully adult C. incognita, which has precedence by three years. * * * * * There are four other barbets that may possibly be found in Peninsular Siam — all being birds with the general plumage green :— Cyanops oorti (S. Miill.). Throat rich yellow, succeeded by blue; a narrow frontal red band ; crown pale yellow. This is only likely to occur on high elevations in the south. It is elsewhere known from Sumatra and the mountains of the Brit- ish portion of the Malay Peninsula, with an allied form, C. o annamensis, in the mountains of Annam. Cyanops ramsayi (Wald.). Throat yellow, succeeded by a broad silvery grey gorget, forehead broadly red, crown bright yellow; sides of the head silvery grey. : This also is only likely to be found at considerable elevations : it is known from Karennee, North Tenasserim, North Siam, and the mountains of Perak, Selangor and Pahang. Cyanops henricii (Temm.). Throat blue, without yellow ; forehead and superciliary stripe rich yellow almost surrounding a blue crown. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M.I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. VY, NO. 2, 1922. 164 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON This is a lowland species; it will be probably found to occur in Patani as it is known from North Kelantan. Cyanops asiatica (Lath.). Like ©. davisoni but rather larger: a broad black median crown-band succeeded by a red forehead, the posterior feathers tipped with yellow forming a narrow line of that colour. This species may possibly occur: it is known from North Siam. * * * * * 261. Thereiceryx lineatus intermedius Stuart Baker. Megalaema hodgsoni, A., p, 151 (Tavoy ; Shymotee). Cyanops hodgsoni, ©. 11, p. 132. Thereiceryx hodgsoni, F., p. 102 (Patani). - Cyanops lineata, E., p. 73 (Kedah). Thereiceryx lineatus hodgsoni, Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902, p. 546 (Kelantan). Thereiceryx lineatus, Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus, iv, 1911, p. 139 (Trengganu); G., p. 149 (Petchaburi and Rajaburi); K., p. 100 (Lat Bua Kao, E. Siam). Thereiceryx lineatus intermedius, Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxix, 1918, p. 9 (Fahpoon, N. Tenasserim); id., Ibis, 1919, p. 214; M., p. 427. 3, 2. Victoria Point, S. Tenasserim, 238-24 February 1919 (Nos. 4168 4186). 6 ¢. Namchuk, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 25-26 February 1919 ( Nos. 4202-3, 4210, 4214, 4251-2). 2 2, Mamoh, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 26 February 1919 (Nos. 4266-7). 3, Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, March 1919 (No. 4426). 3 6,2 2. Koh Lak, Rajburi, S. W. Siam, 4-9 April 1919 (Nos. 5057, 5067, 5070, 5170, 5198). 3,2 2. Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, S. W. Siam, 13-15 April 1919 (Nos. 5271, 5278, 5304). “Tris dark Lrown, orbits pale chrome; bill pale brownish horn; feet yellow.” ¢ Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1915. +» Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. + Oates, Birds Brit, Barmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. * Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Museums, v, 1915. oon> JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 165 Total length ¢, 275, 276, 276, 270, 260, 268, 270, 275, 254, 272, 272, 263 mm. Wing 127, 126; :428;-123, 125.125, 125, 119, 121, 125, 119 (worn), 126 mm. Tail 83, 105, 90, 85, 88, 90, 88, 82, 78, 90, 86, 82, mm. Tarsus 31, 29.5, 30,‘ 30; 31, 29, 29; 31, 25, 28.5 27.5, 26.5 mm. Bill from gape 39.5, 41, 41, 39, 40.5, 39.5 42, 40, 36, 37.5, 41, 39 mm. Total length 9, 278, 282, 270, 255, 270, 269, 278 mm. Wing 121, 127, 121, 118, 120, 124, 127 mm. Tail 86, 87, 84, 78, 82, 85, 85 mm. Tarsus 30, 28, 29, 30, 29, 30, 26 mm. Bill from gape 38 app., 41, 38, 41, 40, 41, 42 mm. It is curious that Davison should not have obtained this barbet at Pakchan Estuary, as it was very common both on the Siamese side and at Victoria Point, where its gong-like note at once attracted attention. Our considerable series noted above is very constant both in size and colour, the dark edges to the feathers of the breast being not nearly so marked as on the birds from Eastern Siam, which are freshly moulted. The racial divisions as laid down by Baker seem well justified, but we should like to hear more details about the type of Megalaema maclellandi Horsf. and Moore, from Assam. It is within the bounds of possibility that this name is the one really applicable to the present form. As noted in the synonymy, the species spreads as far south as the coast of Trengganu. It has never been obtained in the Federated Malay States. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part.) J. Robinson, Journ. F, M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. ‘ (second part), L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc, Siam, M.1. Baker, Journ. N.H. Soe. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). _ VOL, V, NO, 2, 1922. 166 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 962. Thereiceryx faiostriatus faiostratus (Temm.). Bucco faiostriatus, Temm. Pl. Col. v, 1831, pl. 527 (Cochin China). Thereiceryx flavostrictus, K., p. 100 (Lat Bua Kao, Eastern Siam). Thereiceryx faiostricta faiostricta, Stuart Baker, Ibis, 1919, p. 216; M., p. 428 (S. E. Siam). 2. Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, 8S. W. Siam, 16 April 1919 (No. 5344), “Tris reddish orange, orbits sage; upper mandible black, tomia pale, lower mandible pale horn; feet greenish.” Total length 248; wing 113; tail 70; tarsus 26; bill from gape 38 mm. Agrees closely in size and other particulars with specimens from Eastern Siam and Annam. The occurrence is an interesting extension of range, as the species does not appear to have been re- corded from west of the Menam river. 263. Mesobucco duvauceli stuarti Rob. and Kloss. Mosobucco duvauceli stuarti, Robinson & Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919, p. 100 Junk Seylon). Megalaema cyanotis, A., p. 155 (partim: spms. from Nwalabo %, Tavoy ? and Malewoon). Xantholaema cyanotis, C. ii, p. 137 (Southern birds). Xantholaema duvauceli, B., p. 75 (Puket or Junk Seylon). Mesobucco duvauceli, K., p. 102 (Nongchik, N. Patani). Mesobucco cyanotis, F., p. 43 \Trang) , H., p. 94 (Bandon). _ Cyanops duraucelr*robinsoni, Stuart: Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxix, 1918, p. 20 (partim ; Peninsular Siam and Burma) ; id., Ibis, 1919 p. 219 (partim: Malay Peninsula, excluding the Malay States. : d. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 2 March 1919 (No. 4350). “Tris dark brown; bill black, base of lower mandible slate ; feet sage green.” Total length 168; wing 77; tail 49; tarsus 18; bill from gape 23 mm. By the kindness of the Director of the Zoological Survey of India we have before us a series of this genus from the collection of the Indian Museum, including the type of Bwcco cyanotis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xvi, 1847, p. 465 (Aracan), and find that A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1906. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G- Gairdner, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.S. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,8S. Museums, vy, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 167 Mesobucco cyanotis orientalis, Robinson, Ibis, 1915, p. 738, from the Siamese south-eastern frontier, is synonymous with it, as Mr. Stuart Baker has already shown. On the other hand, Peninsular Siam birds south to Perlis (thirteen adult birds examined) differ from the types of M. d. cyanotis and M. «. orientalis in being distinctly smaller with the wing apparently always under 80mm. The black throat-spot is always obsolescent and the ear-coverts almost unmixed verditer blue, except in the bird from Perlis which is approaching M. d. dwvauceli. We have named this form, as above, M. d. stwarti. Stuart Baker has named the bird from Klang, Selangor, C. d. robinsoni, giving as the range the whole of the Malay Peninsula, and stating that the ear-coverts are mixed blue and black and the black spot on the breast small. As regards birds from Perak, Selangor and further south, this is however not the case: somewhat immature birds, in which the black forehead is not sharply. defined, have frequently the ear coverts mixed with blue, but fully adult birds often have them as black as in specimens from Sumatra and Borneo. In very many south Peninsula birds the black spot on the breast is fully as pronounced as in Bornean examples, of which we have a very large series. Sumatran birds are rather smaller and are Mesobucco dwvauceli dwvauceli (Less.), while the Malayan bird, wing 73-79, and the Bornean, wing 72-76, if any division is to be made, will have to be known as MV. d. borneensis Parrot (Abhandl. Ak. Wissensch. Math. Phys. Mtinchen, 1907, KI. xxiv, pp. 149, 288). We have seen no birds from South Patani, nor are any on record; but, since Perlis examples are intermediate, they may possibly belong to the southern race. Perhaps very large series of birds from the British portion of the Malay Peninsula and from Borneo may make it possible to retain the name M. d. robinson for the former, but on the very consider- able numbers now in our possession we are quite unable to separate them. !. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S, Mus. vii, 1917 Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N.H. Soc. Siam, M.1!. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 168 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON: The type locality decides the question: the name M. d.. robinsoni can only apply to birds from Selangor and those which agree with them, viz., birds of the Malay States. Those from more northern parts of the Peninsula, though associated by Baker with these, are different. 264. Xantholaema haemacephala indica (Lath.). ‘ Bucco indicus, Lath. Ind. Orn, i, 1790, p. 205 (India). Xantholaema haemacephala, A., p 155 (Tavoy to Bankasoon); C.u, p. 136; B., p. 75 (Puket or Junk Seylon) ; F., 44 (Trang); H., p- 95 (Bandon) ; G., p. 149 (Petchaburi and Rajaburi) ; Robinson & Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. viii, pt. ii, 1918, pp. 142, 143 (Sumatra); L., p. 101 (Junk Seylon; Ghirbi; Pulau Panjang); I., p. 101 (Koh Lak); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ Gen. (2) vii, 1889 p. 432 (Malewoon) ; Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii, 1917, p. 325 (S. W. and Peninsular Siam). Xantholaema haemacephala indica, Stuart Baker, Ibis, 1919, p. 221; M., p. 431 (Peninsular Siam). ¢. Namchuk, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 24 Feb- ruary 1919 (No. 4200). 4, 2. Koh Lak, Rajburi, Peninsular Siam, 1-3 April 1919 (Nos. 4925, 5011). “Tris hazel, orbital ring crimson lake; bill black, pale at base; feet crimson.” 4 Total length ¢, 155, 164; 2,161; wing 4d, 84, 24; 9, 80; tail ¢, 38, 36; 2, 38; tarsus ¢, 18, 20; 2, 21; bill from gape dete) Jas’ 2; 25 unm: Baker’s conclusions are in the main the same as ours. In the absence of specimens from the Philippines we refrained from dividing the species into races; but as he has now shown that the Philippine bird has a very much larger bill, X. h. indicus is correctly indicated as the name for the continental race. We cannot, however, agree that the continental and Sumatran races are identical. We have now compared over thirty specimens of the latter with an equal number of the former, and find that in all the Sumatran birds the yellow patch below the scarlet one on the A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, v, 1915 JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 169 breast is very much reduced or even entirely lacking; the difference is so striking and so constant that Parrot was fully justified in separating the Sumatran bird as Megalaema haemacephala delicu (Abh. K. Bayer. Acad. d. Wissensch. 11. KI., Bd. 24, 1 Abh., 1907 p 169: Deli, N. E. Sumatra). Bucco rafiesius Boie, applied to this bird, is a nomen nudum. INDICATORIDAE. INDICATORS OR HONEY-GUIDES. 265. Indicator archipelagicus Temm. Indicator archipelugicus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 1832, pl. 542, fig. (Borneo) ; F., p. 44 (Trang). The only record for Siam is the bird obtained by us in Trang in 1909. ee I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. . No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part), L- Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. I. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. lii, 1919. (third part). VOL, V,.NO. 2, 1922. 170 5 5 6 10; 11+ 14- 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON PICIDAE. WOODPECKERS. {Tail feathers with stiff shafts (Picine) 9 | Tail feathers with flexible shafts (Picumnins) 24 (Toes four 3 | Toes three bs 22 » { Primaries spotted or banded 4 4 | Primaries uniform ue : 19 { With more or less green in the plumage 5 | With no clear green in the plumage 12 {Lower surface without stripes or cross-bars 6 | Lower surface with either stripes or cross-bars 3) {Throat uniform 7 | Throat chequered black and white 8 { Wings largely olive Picus canus microrhynchus | Wings largely crimson P. puniceus continentis { Breast rufous Chrysophlegma mentale hwmer ~ | Breast not rufous C. flavinucha lyler { Under parts cross-banded Callolophus miniatus { Under parts striped Se ; 10 ( Breast uniform : Picus vittatus eisenhoferi | Breast striped like belly As 1a Dark colour predominating below; rump greenish yellow or green P. viridanus | Pale colour predominating below ; ee yellow or orange j P. myrmecophoneus 12 / Back unbarred 13 | Back cross-barred 15 : | Lower parts uniform = A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. Es ©. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1915. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. Cc. Oates, Birds Brit. Barmah, ee: i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote. P. Z. 8. 1901, Vol. H. Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 203 as far north as Amherst in Tenasserim, it has not been recorded from Siam north of Hat Sanuk. In Bandon we found it breeding in June. We have it from Khao Ram, 1200 ft., and Khao Luang, 2000 ft., in Nakon Sri Tamarat. Females seem to run a little larger than males. Psarisomus dalhousie dalhousie (Jameson). Kurylaimus dalhousiw, Jameson, Edinb. N. Ph. Journ., xviii, 1835, p. 389 (North India). Psarisomus dalhousia, A., p. 499 (Nwalabo). Though not yet recorded from any locality in the area now dealt with, this bird occurs on Nwalabo, at a height of 3000 ft., and is certain to be secured eventually in the mountains, as it is well known in the Malay States. 297. Eurylaimus ochromalus ochromalus Raffles. Kurylaemus ochromelas, Raffles*, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 297 (Sumatra) ; A., p. 9L (Laynah to Malewoon) ; B., p. i Bey? kah or Puket); C. i, p. 426; F., p. 50 (Trang) ; ¢ pase (Bandon) ; M., p. 418 (‘Tung Song). 2. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 3 March 1919 (No. 4390). 2. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 14 March 1919 (No. 4583). “Tris chrome; bill robin’s-egg blue, tip of upper mandible green, tomia black ; feet pinkish or purplish flesh.” Total length 167, 160; wing 78, 78; tail 48, 55; tarsus 20.5, 20.5; bill from gape 27, 27 mm. On the Tenasserim side this species reaches its northern limit at Ye, in about Lat. 15° N. In Peninsular Siam the above specimens are the most northerly recorded. 298. Kurylaimus javanicus harterti Van Oort. Kurylaemus javanicus harterti, Van Oort, Notes Leyden Museum, xxxi, 1909, p. 209 (Sumatra). Kurylaemus javanieus, A., p. 89 (Nwalabo to Bankasoon) ; C. i, p. 427; H., p. 96 (Bandon), * Spelt as above by this author. 1. Gyldenstolpe, iat, Sv. Vet. Absa: ‘Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). _ Robinson, Journ. F. M. 8. Mus. Vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. f « Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (seeond part)’ res Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, M.t. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 204 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON The Sumatran bird, with which the majority of Malayan specimens agree, has been separated from the typical Javan bird, which has yellow under tail-coverts, these being vinaceous in the present form. It is not impossible, however, that the bird from the Lampongs District, South Sumatra, adjacent to the Sunda Straits, belongs to the Javan form. Though found in the Karen Hills and North Siam, the three specimens from Bandon recorded above, and a pair from Khao Luang, 2000 ft., Nakon Sri Tamarat, 14th March 1922, are the only ones hitherto obtained from Peninsular Siam, where, however, it must be fairly common. The two males now before us differ from a long series of Malayan and Sumatran birds in being paler both above and below. , 299. Corydon sumatranus sumatranus (Raffles). Coracias sumatranus, Raftles, Trans. Linn, Soc. xii, 1822, p. 303 (Sumatra). Corydon sumatranus, A., p. 97 (Bankasoon and Malewoon) ; C, i, p. 480; B., p. 43 (fungkah or Puket) ; G., p. 149 (BRatburi) ; I., p. 87 (Koh Lak); L., p. 103 (Puket). ¢, 9..Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 14 Feb- ruary 1919 (Nos. 4017, 4018). 3 2. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 18-22 March 1919 (Nos, 4562, 4753, 4787). 2 ¢. Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, Peninsular Siam, 16 April 1919 (Nos, 5341-2). “Tris dark hazel or black; bill and orbits pinkish horn ; feet black or brownish black.” . Total length ¢, 271, 278, 272; 2, 270, 272, 266, 272; wing d 134,138, 1382; 2, 181, 129, 135, 136; tail- do, 98, 105; 105-8; 9S 102,109, 103; tarsus do, 26, 27.5, 26; 2, 26, 28, 28, 285 bill from gape d, 41, 40, 38; 2, 42, 40, 39, 39 mm. Continental and Sumatran birds do not differ. Bornean birds have the general colour dark sepia brown instead of dull black, and A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. EE. O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Dié Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1910-11. c. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. G. Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P. Z.S. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Museums, vy, 1915 JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 205 have been named Corydon swmatranus brunnescens (Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, xxxvii, 1916, p. 4). Fairly common in Peninsular Siam, extending northwards to Chiengmai and the Karen Hills. Fresh skins have the concealed back spot almost invariably fiery orange or scarlet, which in many cases fades to apricot or pinkish yellow. . 300. Serilophus lunatus lunatus (Gould.), Kurylaimus lunatus, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1833, p. 133 (Rangoon). Serilophus lunatus, A., p. 89 (Nw: mia BO) ; G. i, p. 424; Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) v , 1888, p. 574 (‘Tenasserim) ; id. op. eit. (2) vii, 1889, p. 383 (Karen). Serilophus lunatus lunatus, M., p. 419 (partim: Patiyu and S. E. Siam). 43,62. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 1-7 March 1919 (Nos. 4338, 4361-5, 4374, 4380, 4480-1). ¢, Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 27 March 1919 (No. 4909), “Tris greyish green or dull green, orbits greenish yellow ; bill pale blue, tomia whitish, gape and base deep chrome; feet oil-green, claws pale blue.” Total length ¢, 168, 164, 177, 170,-—; 9, 176,168, 170, 172, 180, 165; wing ¢d, 81, 87, 87, 87, —; 2, 87, 85, 82, 85, 86, 85; tail ¢, 73, 67, 68, 65, —; 2, 70, 68, 68, 68, 65, 70; tarsus ¢, 20, 18, 18, 17, -; 9, 17, 18, 21, 20, 18, 18; bill from gape ¢, 21, 22.5, 22,22, -- 2, 200, 21.5, 23, 23,23, 23 mm. This bird was found to be very abundant in dry bamboo jungle at Tapli, flying in flocks of five or six individuals and, as Davison notes, not at all easy to alarm. At Tasan in deeper, more evergreen, jungle if, was much rarer, and at other places we did not come across it at all. Davison did not collect it on the Pakechan, nor did Oates’s collectors, so that the present series is a considerable extension of range for the form. } i. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F. M.S. Mus. vii, 1917. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). &. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M. 4. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). _ VOL, V, NO, 2, 1922, 206 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 301. Serilophus lunatus stolidus Rob. & Kloss. Serilophus lunatus stolidus, Robinson and Kloss, Bull. B. O. C. xl, 1919, p. 16 (Khao Nawng, Bandon). Serilophus lunatus, H., p. 97 (Khao Nawng, Bandon). Serilophus lunatus lunatus, M., p. 419 (partim : Tung Song). This form, based on five examples from the central part of Peninsular Siam, differs from the more northern race (antea) m having deeper coloured inner secondaries and tertiaries and_ less fulvous ear-coverts. From 8.1. rothschildi, of the Federated Malay States, which may also occur in the south, it is separated by the more fulvous, less grey, crown and ear-coverts and paler rump and secondaries. 302. Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus malaccensis Salvad. Cymborhynchus malaccens’s, Salvad. Atti. R. Acad. Tor, ix, 1874, p. 425 (Malacea) ; F., p. 50 (Trang) ; H., p. 96 (Bandon). Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, A., pp. 92-5 (Tavoy to Malewoon) ; ©.1, p. 428; B., p. 42 (Tongkah or Puket) ; D., p. 68 (Patani) ; G., pp. 39, 149 (Rajburi and Petchaburi). Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus lemniscatus, I., p. 87 (Hat Sanuk). — Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus malaccensis, 1i., p. 108 (Ghirbi) ) ; M., p. 419 (‘Tung Song). 29. Tung Pran, Takuatung, Peninsular Siam, 14 February 1919 (Nos. 4015-4). 3, 9. Renong river, Peninsular Siam, 22 February 1919 (Nos. 4163-4). 2. Mamoh, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 27 February 1919 (No. 4292). 3 6. Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, Peninsular Siam, 2-9 March 1919 (Nos, 4366, 4446, 4527). 3, 2. Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, 21-22 March 1919 (Nos. 4733, 4783). 3, 2. Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, Peninsular Siam, 15 April 1919 (Nos, 5324-5). “Tris emerald; bill robin’s-egg blue, lower mandible mostly chrome ; feet purplish blue.” A. Hume & Davison, Stray Feathers, vi, 1878. E- O. Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, iii (Birds), 1905. B. Miiller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, 1882. F. Robinson and Kloss, This, 1910-11. C. Oates, Birds Brit. Burmah, Vols. i & ii, 1883. Ge Gairdner, Journ. N. H. Soe. Siam, i, 1915. D. Bonhote, P.Z.8. 1901, Vol. i. H. Robinson, Journ. F.M,S. Museums, v, 1915. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 207 Total length ¢, 208 (app.), 225, 213,216, 225, 218; @, 213, 220, 217, 208, 212, 223; wing 3, 97, 98, 100, 96, 99, 100; 2, 101, 96, 96, 97, 98, 99; tail ¢, 84 (app.), 87, 85, 93, 93, 90; 2, 93, 95, 88, 93, 87, 90; tarsus d, 23, 26, 23, 44, 24,24; 9, 24, 24, 22.5, 24, 25, 22; bill from gape J, 31, 29, 30, 29, 30, 33(7); ?, 29, 28, 31, 28.5, 29, 29 mm. : Consistently common in every suitable locality visited in Peninsular Siam, affecting chiefly bamboo jungle near water ; not as a rule found near the sea or in the mangrove zone. The races of this Broadbill have recently been discussed ad nauseam, but after all little has been elicited that has not appeared in Hume and Davison’s classic paper. Broadly speaking it may be stated that there is a progressive increase in the amount of white on the tail as we proceed northwards. Bornean birds have least, and to this locality the name Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus macror- hynchus is attached, though it is by no means certain that it properly applies: West Sumatran birds are next; and if distinct, will have to be called C. m. lemniscatus Rattles, while the continental birds south of Aracan are C. m. malaccensis. The present series have white on the four outer pairs of tail feathers; one male from Tasan has it on five, one female from 'Tasan on three pairs only. I. Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. M. Baker, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. 56, No. 2, 1916. (first part). J. Robinson, Journ. F, M.S. Mus. vii, 1917 Baker, Journ. N, H. Soc. Siam, iii, 1919. K. Kloss, Ibis, 1918. (second part). L. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, M1. Baker, Journ, N. H. Soc. Siam, iv, 1920. iii, 1919. (third part). VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. a? < Wiest EFS | : i a, oe - “id u ae =O . aa a ; pied sl ri pe Fee apedey’ «25 ee rte ive es ‘ . Le - e Ae ; ; y : - : : — sd 7 - ; ee f pos : Lsee ; z ‘ tte mL Ey Et oe - ee a7 a ihiee i f: ie Re ecmot #4 To ‘ =i ; hee oy es = is a 4 : a in. © ei ony i r ‘ “ os ag » ‘ ; “ f * . “F ‘ec fit! a | Kteeped i On Bs Cele tw - ree re iy "et ‘ ‘of 7 - Shins s ‘ ‘ oo ih Pa mr 2 ahs or cat ae 2 > : —* ry 4 a f 3 as rie yay Wd . F Mec Fr oy ; <* PX ay - hee eer be ae : rh r 3 ee a = it =. 6 ¢ u, wet ’ c an és ny a ‘ ’ = . Ak — *. - 4 ? re . , = *-« ‘aa . ae) Py fot ahs his . y ~— x : ; a es : + § =. 4 ‘ > 1 x L z . BS ; } tf ~ - , n > a £ - t a = =e : a j f 43; we 3 ri oy. 4 a S ‘ C Mal yt fan “4 ug . f f & 5 aa) £ooueh oes Bae aus = Uwe y y C PON vie Pa ok 4 i f Sone : Ferg ri 73 rome 27 THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 209 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, VOL. V. PAGES 1~—207. Page 2, line 2 from bottom. or the third word read :—British. Page 3. Hume’s three papers on “ The Birds of the Western Half of the Malay Peninsula (Stray Feathers, viii, 1879, pp. 37-72, 151-163 ; op. cit. ix, 1880, pp. 107-132) have not been mentioned in the synonomy as fully as they should have been: they contain refer- ences to many birds from Peninsular Siam. Page 16, bracket 15. For Tropidoperdix in the last two entries read :—T'ropicoperdic. | Page 17, No. 1. The Francolin of Southern Indo-China will possibly have to be known, on account of smaller size than the Chinese bird, as Francolinus pintadeanus phayrei Blyth (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xii, 1843, p. 1011; id. op. cit. xxiv, 1855, p. 480. Pegu). See Bangs, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xliv, 1921, p. 576. Do. No. 2, Read:—Rhizothera longirostris longirostris (‘T’emin.). Page 20, line 2. For p. 25 read :—p. 28 (Penang), The type of Phasianus castaneus Gray was, therefore, almost certainly an imported bird. Page 22, line 1. For 5382 read 632. Page 23, No. 15. If the bird of the Malay Peninsula differs from other races, With which we have not been able to compare it, it will be known as :— Turnix pugnax atrogularis (Eyton). Hemipodius atrogularis, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 107. Malay Peninsula. Page 29, No. 20. Treron bisincta domvilia of Hainan has wings (fide Hartert in litt.), dd 155, 162, 163, 163, 164, 165; 29 151, 152; 155 mm. We associate birds from E. and S. E. Siam with the small Javanese race, 7. b. javana Rob. and Kloss (Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. xi, 1923, p. 53). Page 31, No. 23. Mr. W. J. F. Williamson has a pair of Teron olax obtained at Naihoot, Langsuan, thus considerably in- creasing the northern range of the species in the Peninsula. VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 210 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Page 44, No. 43. Read :—Porphyrio calvus viridis Begbie. Porphyrio viridis, Begbie, The Mala an Peninsula, 1834, p. 515 (Malacca). Elhot’s name for Saigon and Bangkok birds, P. edwards, will have to rank as a synonym of P. viridis, an overlooked name which antedates it by many years. Hume determined a Selangor specimen as “ not calvus, but Elliot’s new Siamese species” We now have specimens from the Malay States which we find to be the same as birds from Chainat, near Banekok. All these differ from typical calvws of Java and Sumatra by having a considerable amount of grey on the head and by larger ize. A large series of P. c. calvus has wings 210-230 mm: the wings of continental specimens known to us meastre from 240 to 275 mm. Page 45. For Podicepedidae read :—Podicipidae. Do. No. 44, Read :—Podiceps ruficollis philippensis (Bonn.) Colymbus fluviatilis Tunstall, is antedated by C. ruficollis Pallas. Page 47, bracket 10. Read :-— Large, wing over 11 inches 11 Medium, wing between 8 and 11 inches 12 Small, wing less than 8 inehes 15 Do. bracket 15. For S. sinensis read :—wS. albifrons sinensis, » SS minuta _,, S. a. albifrons. » SS. saunderse ,, S. a. sawndersi. Page 48, No, 46. An earlier name for this tern is Hydrochelidon leucopareia (‘l'emm.). Sterna leucopareia, Temm., Man. d’ Ovn. ii, 1820, p. 746 (Hungary). Birds from Java, India and China have received the names of javanica Horsf., indica Stephens, and swinhoer Mathews, respectively, but we are not in a position to determine Siam- ese birds subspecifically. Mathews considers them to be H, 1. javanica (Horsf). Do. No. 47. Horsfield named a Javanese specimen Sterna grisea, and Mathews thinks that this name should be used for the birds of 8. E. Asia. Hartert only recognises the typical form. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. 210 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Page 44, No. 43. Read :—Porphyrio calvus viridis Begbie. Porphyrio viridis, Begbie, The Mala an Peninsula, 1834, p. 515 (Malacca). Elkot’s name for Saigon and Bangkok birds, P. edwards, will have to rank as a synonym of P. viridis, an overlooked name which antedates it by many years. Hume determined a Selangor specimen as “ not calvus, but Elliot's new Siamese species” We now have specimens from the Malay States which we find to be the same as birds from Chainat, near Bangkok. All these differ from typical caluws of Java and Sumatra by having a considerable amount of grey on the head and by larger ize. A large series of P. c. calvws has wings 210-230 mm: the wings of continental specimens known to us measure from 240 to 275 mm. rage 40, INO, HU. JALL CALLICL Italo LUL UllID UULIT 19 aLyuLvulciiuuiL Do. leucopareia (‘l’emm.). Sterna leucopareia, Tenun., Man. d° Orn. ii, 1820, p. 746 (Hungary). Birds from Java, India and China have received the names of javanica Horsf., indica Stephens, and swinhoei Mathews, respectively, but we are not in a position to determine Siam- ese birds subspecifically. Mathews considers them to be H, l. javanica (Horsf.). No. 47. Horsfield named a Javanese specimen Sterna grisea, and Mathews thinks that this name should be used for the birds of 8. E. Asia. Hartert only recognises the typical form. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. orn. THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. |. 211i Page 49, No. 48. Read :—Hydroprogne caspia caspia (Pall.). Do. No. 49. Read :—Geochelidcn nilocita (Gm.). Sterna nilotica, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ii, 1789, p. 606 (Egypt). Some authors regard the form of S, E. Asia as distinet and eall it G. n. affinis (Horsf.). Type locality Java. Page 50, For Sterna media read :—Sterna bengalensis bengalensis Less, Sterna media Horsf. is preoceupied by Sterna media Vieill., and this species must therefore be known as Sterna bengalensis Less. (Traité d’ Orn. 1831, p. 621. Indian Coasts). Local birds appear to belong to the typical race and are, therefore, S. b. bengalensis. Do. No. 52. Read :—Sterna hirundo Linn. Sterna hirundo, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1758, p. 137 (Europe). This name considerably antedates Sterna fluviatilis Nauman. The Asiatic form is S. hirwndo tibetana, but the European race, S. h. hirwndo, is reported to occur in the Malay Penin- sula in winter. As noted, the material we have examined is inadequate for subspecific determination. Page 52, No. 55. Read :—S§terna albifrons sinensis Gin. Page 53. For Sterna minuta read :—Sterna albifrons albifrons Pall. Sterna albifrons, Pallas, Vroeg’s Cat. Vers. Vog. Adumbr. 1764, p. 6 (Holland). The name Sterna minuta is antedated by the one above given, Do. For terna saundersi read :— terna albifrons saundersi Hume. Do. For Anous stolidus (Linn.) read :—Anous stolidus pileatus (Scop. ). Scopoli, Del. Faun. & Flor. Insubr. ii, 1876, p. 92 (Philip- pines). Eastern Asiatic birds differ from the typical Atlantic form. Page 54, bracket 12. For Squatarolu helvetica read :—Squatarola s. hypomelus. VOL. V, NO, 2, 1922. 212 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Page 54, bracket 16. For Aegialites geoffroyi read :— while eastern birds differ from the typical western form. Do. No. 88. Read :—Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis (Linn.). Rallus tenghalensis, Linn. Syst. Nat, i, 1758, p. 153 (Asia). An older name for the species. Page 70, No. 90. For sthenura read :—stenura. Page 78, No. 104 Tavoy birds may be the subspecies H. a. modesta (Gray. Ardea modesta, Zool. Mise. 1831, p. 19. India). Do. No. 105. Read:—Mesophoyx intermedia intermedia (Wag].). Erolia. VOL. V, NO. 2, 1922. 214 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Page 79, No. 107. Read -—Demiegretta sacra se cra (Gm.). Do. do., line 2 cf synonomy. for L read :— A. Do, For Nycticorax nycticorax read :—Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (Linn.). Do. No. 108. Insert. as first item in the synonomy :— Ardea melanolopha, Raftles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 1822, p. 326 (Sumatra). Page 80, No. 109. Read :—Butorides striatus javanicus (Hor'f.). Do. No. 112. Read :—Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Bodd.). Page 81, No. 113. Read :—Ardetta sinensis sinensis (Gm.). Page 85, For Plotus melanogaster read :—Plotus rufus melano- gaster (Penn.). Do. No. 124. Read :—Phalacrocorax carbo (Linn.). Tickell’s name Carbo albiventer is preoccupied and the Siamese bird is probably P. c¢. sinensis (Pelecanws sinensis Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Mise. xiii, 1801, pl. 529 and text. China), with which, according to Ticehurst (Ibis, 1923, p. 458) P. c. indicus Mathews is synonymous. Page 86. For Pelecanus roseus read :—Pelecanus onocrotalus roseus Gm. Page 89, bracket 6. Read :—Cerchneis tinnwnewlus. Page 90, bracket 17. Insert no before scutellae. Do. bracket 18. For 3 in both lines read :—1} Page 91, No. 128. Read :—Baza leuphotes (Dumont). Falco leuphotes, Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat. xvii. 1820, p. 217 (Pondicherry). On further consideration of our series of fourteen speci- mens, southwards from the Isthmus of Kra in the Malay Peninsula, we find ourselves in agreement with Swann’s view as to B. l. burmana béing only a synonym of B. lewphotes (Syn. Accipitres, ed. 2, 1922, p. 167). Only two of our speci- mens have chestnut on the seapulars and these also have chestnut breast-bands, the individual having most chestnut on the scapulars having the brightest chestnut breast and being of small size. The remaining twelve have scapulars black and white: two of them have pure black breast-bands ; JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 215 in the rest the breast-band varies from chestnut-black to blackish chestnut.- Swann seems correct in stating that B. l. burmana has been arrived at through comparing adult Bur- mese birds with immature Indian ones. Page 92, No, 129 Read :—Baza jerdoni jerdoni (Blyth). No, 131. Read :—Cerchneis tinnunculus subsp. It is probable that all the specimens mentioned are ex- amples of Cerchneis tinnunculus dorriesi, the Siberian Kestrel, which Swann states has a much longer tail than in other forms (¢ 172-194; 2 178-200 mm.). Other races to be considered in connection with S. W. and Peninsular Siam, having regard to the distribution given by Swann (Syn. Accip. ed. 2, p. 216), are © ¢. interstinctus MecClell. (of which satwratus Blyth is a synonym), the Assamese. Kestrel, visiting the Malay Peninsula in winter ; and perhaps C. f. japonicus (Temm. and Schleg.), the Japanese Kestrel, known in winter from Hainan, the Philippines and _ Borneo. | Page 93, line 4. For 445 read :—44.5. Page 94, No. 134, Add to the synonomy :— Pernis brachypterus, Hume, Stray Feathers, ix, 1880, p. 122 (Malacea). Pernis tweeddalei, Hume, tom. cit., p. 446 ; Gurney, tom. cit., p. 446, Hume, op. cit. x, 1887, p. 513 and plate (Malacca). Pernis apivorus orientalis, Tacz., the Siberian form of the Crestless Honey Buzzard, may occur, as it travels south as far as the Sunda Islands in winter. The common bird in the Malay Peninsula is undoubtedly P. pt. ptilorhynchus; but it may be visited in winter by the North Indian race, P. pt. ruficollis, and the Siberian form, P. a. orientalis. Page 99, No, 143, line 2. For (Java) read : (Sumatra, fide Ober- holser). Do. Do. Add to the synonomy :— Spilornis cheela malayensis, Swann, Syn. List. Accipitr, 1920, p. 83 (Pahan g). VOL, V, NO. 2, 1929. 216 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON It may be just possible to maintain Javanese birds as S. c. bido (Horsf.) on account of very slightly darker colour, but this character is not constant and, as we have stated, Javanese examples can be matched by specimens from other parts of Malaysia. Page 99, Add :— 143. A. Spilornis cheela rutherfordi Swinh. Spilornis rutherfordi, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 85 (Hainan) ; A., p. 14 (Tavoy) ; C. ii, p. 194 (partim, Tenasserim and Siam). Spilornis cheela, G., p. 151 (Ratburi or Petchaburi). Npilornis bacha, I., p. 128 (Huey Sai near Koh Lak). Spilornis cheela floweri, Swann, Syn. List. Accipitr., 1920, p. 81 (Tahkamen, Central Siam). 3. Koh Lak, 8. W. Siam, 6 April 1919 (No. 5119). “Tris chrome; bill grey, tip black, cere and base yellow ; feet greenish grey.” Total length 610, wing 425, tail 270, tarsus 100, bill from gape 45 mi. ; The Koh Lak example agrees with birds from Cochin-China. This race only differs from S. c. bassws in being larger: there are no colour distinctions. Page 101, No. 148. Read :—Milvus lineatus (Gray). Haliaetus lineatus, Gray, Hardwicke’s Il. Ind. Zool. i, 1832, p. 1, pl. 11 (China). This is an earlier name for M. melanotis. Page 105. Accipiter nisus subsp. Yor p. 22, in synonomy, read, p. 29. Page 108, No. 159. Read :—Tyto alba javanica (Gm.). Page 109, No. 163. Read :—Ketupa ketupu ketupu (Horsf.). Page 111, No. 166. Read :—Otus luciae siamensis Rob. and Kloss, Journ, Fed. Malay States Mus. x, 1922 p. 261 (Khao Nong, Bandon, 3500 ft: also from Khao Luang, Nakon Sri Tamarat, 5000 ft.). Page 116, No. 178. Read :—Palaeornis cyanocephalus bengalensis (Forst.). Psittacus bengalensis, Forst., Ind. Zool. 1781, p. 40 (Bengal). Forster’s name has precedence of Boddaert’s. JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, Page Page Page Page Page Page Page THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. 217 121, bracket 2. For Ceya t. tridactylus read :—Ceyz e. erithica. 125, No. 191. For Ceyx tridactylus tridactylus (Pall.) read :— Ceyx erithaca erithaca (Linn.). Aicedo erithaca, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1758, p. 115 (Bengal). Laubmann has shown (Orn. Monatsb, xxxi, 19238, p. 89) that this species must be known by Linneus’s name, which is eleven years earlier than that of Pallas. . 143. For Apidae read :—Micropodidae. 144, No. 223. For Apus read :—Micropus. 145, No. 224. For Apus read :—Micropus. 149, bracket 4. For Cucwlus canorus bakeri read :-—Cuculus optatus. 152. For No. 240 read :— Cuculus optatus Gould. Cuculus optatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 18 (North Australia) ; Hartert, Vog. palaarkt. Fauna, 1912, p. 949 (Malay Penin- sula). (Specimen and details as recorded). The advent of a second example of this species from Sumatra (¢, wing 198 mm.) has caused us to reconsider our de- termination ; and Dr. Hartert who has examined the specimens agrees with us that they are (, optatws. Though very like C. canorus this species is too small to belong to either of the two Asiatic local races, C.c. bakeri and C. c. telephonus. It has nothing to do with C. micropterus, ete. Page 154, No. 247. We should have stated that the wing lengths of of EH. s. scolopacea given by Hartert are those of males only : thus our males have wings only 1 mm. more than Hartert’s maximum. Without doubt, howoever, they are properly det- ermined as EZ. s. malayana, for in a series of both sexes from Central and Eastern Siam, the wings range from 198 to 222 mm.; and with the exception of three specimens (wings 190, 196, 196) a large series of Malay Peninsula males have wings 197-212. mm. VOL... V; NO: 2, 1922. 218 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON Page 159, bracket 7. Read at end of second line :-—......8. Page 166, No. 262, line 1. For faiostratus faiostratus read :—faio- striatus faiostriatus. Page 180, line 4. For micropterws read :—microterus. Page 200, No. 294, last word of text. For everlap read :—overlap. JOURN. NAT. HIS. SOC, SIAM, THE JOURNAL OF THE Natural History Society of Siam. Volume VY. BANGKOK, Number 3. THE BIRDS OF SOUH-WEST AND PENINSULAR SIAM. By Herbert C. ROBINSON, C.M.Z5S., M.B.O.U., AND Ceci BODEN KLOSs, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.. (Continued from page 218 ). [The publication of this paper has been much postponed by printing difficulties. The whole of it was completed in 1921, but the delay has enabled us to include the localities of a collection of birds obtained in Nakon Sri Tamarat in the early months of 1922 (for a nominal list of the’ species, vide Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, xi, April 1928, part 1, pp. 58-63) and to give references to a few recent publications |. PASSERIFORMES. PITTIDAE. PITTAS OR GROUND-THRUSHES, {Size larger, wing over 5.5 inches Pitta c. caerulea. (Size smaller, wing less than 5.inches f 2 » { Lower abdomen red 3 ~ | Lower abdomen not red 6 . {Crown red