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WOR ITY, so AyVewe : Ny Rana af WY FOF; ‘4 ee ~ a Ww. yg?" me el “Dina ee iit At ; w Brewwrow te HN a woul pistes", - 7 1 yaa SHALL ATT | Th ry : NG? ww. Vy Hilti) eee | wee why Woyeyr val vl HEP Mbiy : nes allt ELAS ire cowuy gil wes \ A Oy oop hae eeeetw an EY IA, eae tw Coney es eee hed ‘ PENG | Seay twee anc Wei yy! Mia “Py J @ aft HTT Ww Vy. AAD | aD MOA eat | Cy ROS we Bion ~' eae iy nV ont v ma AAA he Neos CL Mel EAP ada aj id | TL I ~. j ‘ww MAA AA wees Bice ews : " Ul aes A UL cen, TELE UE TELL ae yoo yee sv be lg o; ery 9 wrt c A ; my | el rit til Ne Utatn Ionnil “VOU CF ch Bd |b glattes | A OU bal F f - 2%, f eveeuvarg! Ni Ree Ra Le: earth di avert te a ' 4% & y TPE Re one o dda a Nin > m a er eegan welGyy'™ Raa ARS er WME aa me eS PMA eh Te me WUGeuougeeeys © HIM Hatta a Ma. ww reegran VU OCU” ha "NS ane we “SSE ry iefgane® 3 Mia & yroquatl abboo lu Vis PATA pvyvepery THE UL OF THE Natural History Society of Siam. No. No. No. No. No. Nols) IVE Comprising 5 parts and containing 11 plates, 1 text figure and 1 map. . Pages 1 to 50 issued May Ist. 1920. Edited by Malcolm Smith and W. J. F. Williamson. . Pages 51 to 108 issued March 1921. Edited by W. J. F. Williamson and L. Brewitt Taylor. . Pages 109 to 202 issued Nov. 15 1921. Edited by Malcolm Smith and W. J. F. Williamson. . Pages 203 to 250 issued July 25, 1922. Edited by Malcolm Smith and E. J. Godfrey. . Index ete. issued December 1922, Edited by Malcolm Smith and E. J. Godfrey. CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. INonale THE APPLE-SNAILS OF S1AM. By N. Annandale, D. sc., F.A.S.B., (Zoological Survey of India). With two Plates Notes ON A COLLECTION OF BiRD-SKINS FORMED By Mr. E. G. HERBERT, C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U. By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.Ls., EAS CE A010. SB,0:U: ee from Page 443, Vol. Ti): THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. By N. detainees D.Se., F.A.S.B., ADDENDUM MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :— I.—Note on Siamese Pheasants. By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.LS., F.Z.S., C.F.A.0.U. M.B.0.U., II.—Notes on Early see By E. G. Hetbork C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U. No, 2. More Notes oN SIAMESE BirbDs. a C. Boden Kloss, M.B.0.U. is ve Two New Leggada ite FROM Stine By C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S. On Rattus blythi ese (Mus connamomeus Bice W sith remarks on allied forms. By C. Boden Kloss, F.z.s. A New GIANT SQUIRREL FROM PULO CONDORE. ay C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S. THE PULO CONDORE cnet AND ITS Phares By C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S. Some Brrps FROM Bio CONDORE. tee EC. iRatsaton md C. Boden Kloss. REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS Srgnnees ON rane eee By Malcolm A. Smith, F.z.s. On A SMALL COLLECTION OF MAMMALS FROM CAMBODIA. By C. Boden Kloss, F.z.s. a vt Two New Races cr Sciurus finlaysoni. By C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S. pee seo ere PAGE. 25 45 AT AT 51 59 65 71 73 85 93 99 ian, BQS MIscELLANEOUS NOTES :— PAGE. IL—A habitat of Schomburgk’s Deer (Cervus schom- burgki). By C. Boden Kloss, F.2S. ... set RUO Il—The status of the Burmese House-Crow (Corvus splendens insolens) as a Siamese Bird. By W. J. F. Williamson, M.B.0.U 3 3 105 No. 3. On PLants From SouTtH ANNAM. By Messrs. Baker, Moore, Rendle, Ridley and Wernham. ia ae cee OR REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LAO Country. By Major F. C. Fraser, 1m.s. With a Plate... 161 Some UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM Siam. By N. D. Riley, FzS., FES. and E. J. HSN B. SC, F.E.S. With 4 Plates... od," SOY A New Race or NuTMEG-PIGEON FROM PULO jawed RY C. Boden Kloss, M.B.0.U., ©.F.A.0.U. ia) Oe A New Name For THE FroG Rana pullus. By ‘Mollealia Ms Smith, F.Z.s. bis ae ae a be )5 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :— I—The Burmese House-Crow (Corvus splendens insolens) at Petchaburi. By Lucius C. Bulkley. 195 Il—The Giant Ibis (Thawmatibis gigantea) in Cambodia. By W. J. F. Williamson, M.B.0.U. ... 196 III—Earth Snake Eating a Grass Snake. a Malcolm Smith. be2 & OG IV.—Curious Fishing Ceremony on an Upper Mekong. By A. H. Duke. «Ont PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Bee aaa cs aS STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FoR 1920. ae sot AO List OF MEMBERS ON OCTOBER 31, 1921. ve wa 202 No. 4. Notes oN REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS FROM SIAM AND Inpo-Cuina. No. 1. By Malcolm A. Smith, F.z5. With Plate 8 Be neers THe Frocs ALLIED TO RANA maar By Mitclee A. . Smith, F.z.s. With Plate 9 ... 215 THE Frocs ALLIED TO Rana DORA. Per: By alain A. Smith, ¥.z.s. With a text figure Ss parr) A COLLECTION OF DRAGONFLIES FROM BANGKOK. "By Major F. C, Fraser, 1.M,s. With Plate 10 cae e-, Qae MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :—- PAGE. I.—Note on the Malay Sambar (Cervus wnicolor equinus). By K.G. Gairdener ee II.—Intelligence of Otters. By Malcolm ean Bae ew III.—The Bittern (Botawrus nee) in Siam. By C. J. Aagaard ... ...- 240 ViI.—The Burmese House Crow ‘Corvus splendens insolens). By K.G. Gairdner... ... 240 V.—Pinus Merkusii.: By K. G. Gairdner Poeun il Review. “ The Snakes of Ceylon a ae w. 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY Sos ix ORAS PUBLICATIONS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE NATURAL HISTORY Society oF SIAM. ae ee Eee DA, VOLUME IV. ERRATA. The plate of Gymnodactylus condorensis and Gonatodes glawcws in No. 2 is not numbered. The explanation of Plate V. Fig. 2. should read Penthema binghams mimetica Lathy. ¢. P. 465, 81, By 215, a) Ee el 6, | ered] ol fs Pals; P P iP line 10, for L. beqini read ‘ P. begind’. 3 ” >) 6, for ‘M. atriceps irus’ read ‘M. irus atriceps’. 25, for ‘laterae’ read ‘latum’. 27, for ‘6, remotis’ read ‘6 remotis,’. 34, insert ‘ut’ between ‘basin’ and ‘ videtur’. 1, for ‘augustus’ read ‘angustis’. last line, for ‘leasali’ read ‘basali’. line 2, for ‘.2mm.’ read ‘2mm’. 23, for ‘.7 read 5 dine28 er so meadsow 29, for ‘.7 read 7’; line 30 and 381, for ‘5 read 5’. 2 and 16, for *.5° read ©5~ 17, for ‘augusta’ read ‘angusta’. 10, for ‘ TIMBRISTYLIS’ read ‘ FIMBRISTYLIS’. 14, before “5.5—10cm.’ insert ‘ Lamina.’ | 31, after ‘India’ add ‘Java’. 1, after ‘India’ add ‘S. China, Tonkin’. 11, for ‘ANNAMENSIS’ read ‘ ANNAMENSE’. 5, for ‘SAXIFRAGACEH’ read ‘ DROSERACERA# ’, 17, for ‘in’ read ‘ex’. 18, for ‘tenuissimi ebracteolati multo’ read ‘tenues ebracteclata flores multo’. 6, for ‘ind. Or’ read ‘India’. 13, for ‘divise’ read ‘ onustee’. Lfor (67 read=aso.. 3, for ‘ BOERHAAVIA”’ read ‘BOERHAVIEEFOLIA ’. 31, for ‘minuti’ read ‘muniti’. 15, for ‘ANNAMENSIS’ read ‘ ANAMENSIS’. 6, for ‘85’ read ‘8.5’. 26, for ‘loniorem’ read ‘longiorem’. 23, for ‘ MELANTHESOPSIS’ read ‘ MELANTHESIOPSIS’. 2, for ‘Formoso’ read ‘ Formosa’. CONTENTS. PAGE. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF S1AM. By N. Annandale, D. Sc., F.A.S.B., (Zoological Survey of India). With two Plates 1 NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRD-SKINS FORMED By Mr. E. G. HERBERT, C.M.Z.S., M.B.0.U. By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.LS., F.ZS., C.F.A.0.U., M.B.0.U. (Continued from Page 443, Volebhy.) aN a ee ae Bare) THE APPLE-SNAILS oF S1AM. By N. Annandale, D.Sc., F.A.S.B., ADDENDUM aye ae ae Fas see yee 5) MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :— I.—Note on Siamese Pheasants By E. C. Stuart Baker, F.LS., F.Z.S., C.F.A.0.U., M.B.0.U., a meas Ary IIl.—Notes on Early Snipe By E.G. Herbert, cw.zs., MTS OSU fi /S75 3. ent aie sce ves AE THE : (suc 16 up Tie) eens OF THE | Natural Tistory Society of Siam. Volume LY. BANGKOK. Number 1. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. By N. ANNANDALE, D. Sc., F.A.S.B., (Zoological Survey of India). WitTH 2 PLATES. The Ampullariidae or Apple-Snails are the largest of the freshwater Gastropod molluscs and can as a rule be recognized by their comparatively great size and by their almost globular shells. Even the smaller forms are considerably larger than most other water-snails, but a few gigantic Pond-Snails (Viviparidae), found mostly in China, are larger than the smallest species, and approach the Ampullariidae in shape of shell. The Oriental Apple- Snails can, however, be readily distinguished from all others of large or moderate size found with them by their thick shelly opercula, and by the fact that they possess, in addition to the ordi- nary tentacles, a tentacle-like process on either side of the mouth. They are found in ponds, marshes, rice-fields and sluggish streams, where aquatic vegetation grows luxuriantly, for they are voracious feeders and their chief food consists of water-plants, which they masticate by means cf a pair of stout horny jaws, situated laterally, as wellas scraping them with the teeth of their lingual ribbon, which are unusually large. On occasion they will eat decaying animal matter, including the bodies of their own kind, and some species rasp small algae from the shells of their fellows, causing unsightly patches as they remove the epidermis or periostracum with the algae. 2 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON The breathing apparatus of these snails is of complex structure and the branchial chamber is divided into two parts, one of which may be described as a lung for breathing air, ‘while the other is a cavity in which it is supposed that oxygen can be extracted from water. They are, however, practically air-breathers, and may be observel to ris? to the surface from time to time and thruss out through the surface-film a stout funnel-shaped siphon, through whieh they draw air into their lung. In countries that have a dry anda wet season, the Ampul- laviidae aastivate or hibernate in the former, burying themselves in the ground, where they remain in a comatose condition, with the operculum tightly closing the shell, until rain falls. The shell does not increase in size while the animal is inac- tive; indeed, growth seems to be limited to the early part of the active season. A growing shell can usually be recognized by the extreme thinness of the free margin of its mouth. The eggs are large and have a brittle, white, calcareous shell. Some species lay them in irregular masses in depressions in the ground, while others attach them to the tree-trunks, posts, ete., at the edge of water. In the former case the eggs are spherical and adhere together lightly, in the latter they may be so closely compact- ed as to be irregular in form. In one Siamese species (Pachylabra turbinis) only the inner eggs of the mass are fertile, the outer eggs baing degenerate and forming a protective covering for the fertile ones, Only one genus is at present recognized among the Orien- tal Ampullariidae, but it will probably be necessary to separate a small Indian species (Ampullaria nua Reeve) on anatomical grounds. This species differs from its present congeners in living in small mountain torrents. There has been much dispute within the last few years as to the generic, and hence the family, name of the ordinary species. Until recently all those forms the shell of which has a right-handed spiral were known as Ampullaria Lamarck (1799), and the family as Ampullariidae; the genus was believed to be of circumtropical range. But there can be no doubt (1) that the type-species of Ampullaria was (though Lamarck was JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 3 ignorant of the fact) a West Indian form, and (2) that the Neotro- pical species differ from those of Africa and Asia in having a horny instead of a calcareous operculum, and in the fact that the siphon when expanded is an elongate cylindrical tube many times as long as thick, whereas that of the Oriental and African species is in the same condition no longer than broad and distinctly funnel-shaped. These characters seem to be of generic importance. Granting that these species are generically distinct from the American ones, and that the name Ampuillaria properly belongs to the latter, recent writers adopb one of two generic names for the African and Oriental species, either Pila Bolton (1798) or Pachylabra Swainson (1840). Pula, as Kobelt! has shown, is inadmissable and I have, therefore, adopted the name Pachylabra. This course leaves the family name Ampullariidae intact. In describing the Siamese species of Pachylabra T have had in my hands material from the following sources :— (1) The old collection of the Indian Museum, discussed in Nevill’s “Hand List” (1884). (2) A fine series of shells of P. turbinis var. daly: from Pitsanuloke presented to the Indian Museum some years ago by Mr. H. W. Biggie of the Indian Fcrest Service. (3) A-small collection made by myself in the province of Singgora (Songkla) in 1916. (4) Another recently made by Mr. C. Boden Kloss in the Korat district and on Koh Samesan in the Gulf of Siam, and presented to the Indian Museum by hin. (5) A series of shells and living specimens of the new species P. angelica sent me from Bangkok by Dr. Malcolm Smith in July, 1919. I have to thank those who have provided much of this valuable material, and also Dr. Baini Prashad of the Bengal Fishery Department, who has sketched the radulae figured in this paper 1 Kobelt, Fam. Ampullariidae in Martini and Chemnitz’s Conch.- Cab., p. 44 (1911). See also Dall, Jowrn. Conch. (London) II. p. 50 (1904). VOL. IV, NO. 1, 1920, 4 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON and has given me other assistance. The drawings and photographs, here reproduced, have been prepared by the artists of the Zoological Survey of India. The Zoological Survey of India would be very grateful for further specimens from any part of Siam, as they would be of great assistance in the survey of the freshwater molluscs of the Indian Empire that we are at present undertaking. Living snails will travel safely in a dry condition to Calcutta by post, as those sent me by Dr. Malcolm Smith have proved. Pachylabra Swainson. 1911. Pachylabra, Kobelt, Fam. Ampullariidae in Martini and Chemnitz’s Conch. Cab., p. 44. In this genus are included all the normally right-handed species of Ampullariidae that have a calcareous operculum. I is necessary to insert the word “normally”, because in certain species (e. g. the common Indian P. globosa ) abnormal shells occur (very rarely) that have a left-handed spiral. Information is not available as to the anatomy of such aberrant individuals, but in the African genus Meladomus, in which a left-handed spiral is a normal generic character, the shell is said to be hyperstrophic and the anatomy of the animal is not reversed. The range of the genus is strictly tropical. In India it does not extend into the Punjab, though it embraces the whole of the plains of the Gangetic system and the greater part of South India. Generally speaking it may be defined as consisting of the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions, including Madagascar, with the exception of desert: and mountainous areas. In Siam at least seven species are found. In “Etudes diverses” of the Mission Pavie to Indo-China (Vol III, 1904, p. 425) Fischer and Dautzenberg give the following particulars of species recorded from Siam :— P. borneensis (Philippi) from Bangkok & Chengmai ? P. celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard) ,, “Siam” ? P. conica. (Gray) * P. globosa (Swainson) ,, (The marshes of the Menam near Bangkok) | JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. STAM JOURNAL NAT. HIST. SOC., SIAM. VOL IV. Plate I. S. ©. Mondul Photo. SIAMESE AMPULLARIIDA. es] te fe} bo DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I. Pachylabra polita (Deshayes). Large shell from Cambodia. Half natural size. Type—specimen of var. compressus Nevill, from Cambodia. Half natural size. Pachylabra conica (Gray). Shell from Pegu, Burma. Two-thirds natural size. Pachylabra gracilis (Lea). Shell from Siam. Natura! size. Pachylabra turbinis (Lea). Type-specimen of var. swhglobosa, Nevill. /From Siam. Half natural size. Pachylabra turbinis var. dalyi (Blanford). Fig. 6. ier ies i Large shell from Pitsanuloke, Siam. Half natural s1ze. Pachylabra turbinis var. subampullacea, Nevill. Large shell from Lampam, Patalung, Siam. Half natural size. 'Pachylabra turbinis var. lacustvis, nov. Fig. 8. Type-specimen from the Tale Sap, near Lampam, Siam. Half natural size. Pachylabra angelica, sp. nov. Figs. 9,10. Type-specimens from Bangkok. Half natural Fie. 12. size. Pachylabra begini (Morlet.) Shell from Korat district. Two-thirds natural size. Pachylabra pesmei (Morlet). Shell from Koh Samesan off C. Liant, Gulf of Siam Natural size. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, VOL. IV. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 5 P. gracilis (Lea) from “Siam” P. pesmer (Morlet) » srakao “P. polita (Deshayes) » Chengmai P. turbuinis (Lea) yo SSiaiin n The occurrence of P. borneensis [the synonomy of which is still doubtful], of P. celebensis [ =P. ampullacea (L.)] and of P. globosa in Siam is most improbable. The two former are species found in the Malay Archipelago and are known to have been often confused with mainland forms. LP. globosa is the common form in the valley of the Ganges. The species here described as P. angelica may have been confused with it. : The late Dr. W. T. Blanford, who was well acquainted with the Indian and Burmese species and varieties, resorded the following species from northern Siam :— P. polita (Deshayes) P. gracilis (Lea). P. conics (Gray) _ P. daly Blanford. To these must be added the race describe by Nevill long pre- viously as Ampullaria turbinis var., subampullacea, and also a second variety of the same species (lacustris) to be described here, a hitherto unknown species for which I propose the name P. angelica, and, finally, the Cambodian species P. begint (Morlet). I regard P. dalyt as a variety of P. turbinis. The following list of | species, varieties and localities embodies our present knowledge of the geographical distribution of Siamese forms so far as that kingdom is concerned :— | P. polita. Bangkok & Chengmai (Fisch. & Dawtz.) ; ? Upper Menam (Blanford). .conica. Pitsanuloke; Lampun (Blan ford). . gracilis. Lampun (Blanford). . angelica. Bangkok. . turbinis race dalyi. N. Siam (Blanford); Pitsanuloke. . turbinis race subampullacea. Singgora and Patalung. IP. P P P. turbims. “Siam”. ye iP P . turbinis race lacustris. Inner region of Inland Sea of Ervoeguiia = Wait Bua Kao, Korat. VOL, IV, NO. 1, 1920. 6 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON P. pesmei. Srakao (Fisch. & Dautz.); Koh Samesan off C. Liant. I have examined shells of all these species, and radulae of P. conica, P. angelica, P. turbinis var. subampullacea, P. begint and P. pesmez. KEY TO THE SIAMESE SPECIES OF PACHYLABRA I. Shell with 64 whorls. A. Shell of moderate size, of very regular ovoid form, with the mouth projecting very little laterally ; the surface highly polished a 2a st .. L£,. polita: B. Shell large, globose, with mouth projecting abruptly from the body- whorl; the surface not highly polished P. angelica II. Shell with 41—5} whorls. A. Shell somewhat elongate, of rather small size, with the upper end of the mouth considerably below the upper margin of the body-whorl. i. Mouth of shell more than twice as high as broad; dark spiral bands well developed ... Sie ss .. Po grace: ii. Mouth of shell not more than twice as high as broad; dark spiral bands obsolete or absent eit 2 JP. conten: B. Shell globose, with the spire little pees and the upper end of the mouth only a short distance below the upper margin of the body-whorl. i. Adult shell at least 70 mm. high, never very thick, without a raised and thickened peristome _... 1. PY tpbinis. ii. Adult shell between 50 and 60 mm. high, very thick, with a raised and thickened peristome ...@ ... ». 2. begins: JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 7 ii. Adult shell less than 40 mm. high, moderately thin, without a raised and : thickened peristome ae : =. PP. pesmer. This key can be applied only to sie snails and it must be remembered in using it that the shells of Pachylabra experience a short period of active growth in the rainy season, in which the peripheral part of their mouth is absorbed and the shell temporarily assumes an immature appearance. For taxonomic purposes shells are best collected towards the end of the wet season or while the animal is in a comatose condition. Pachylabra polita (Deshayes) 1884. Ampullaria polita, Nevill, Hand L'st Moll. Ind. Mus. MU, p. 7 (2? with var. compressus). 1906. Ampullaria polita, Dautzenberg & Fischer, Journ. de Con- chul. liv. p.426 (% with var. major). 1911. Pachylabra polita, Kobelt, op. cit., p.82, pl. xxxviii, figs. 1-5. This is an unusually distinct and well-defined species, readily distinguished from all others by its regularly ovoid outline, in which (in ventral view) the projection of the mouth causes little interrup- tion. The spire is of considerable relative length, occupying about 4 of the total height, and sharply conical in form. The shell is about 11-14 times as high as broad, There are 6} whorls. ‘The basal whorl of the spire is broad and swollen and the suture both above and below it is deeply impressed. The body-whorl is less globose than in most species. It is irregularly and narrowly cordiform, with the inner outline as seen in dorsal view very oblique and somewhat siauate towards the anterior extremity, which is bluntly pointed. The suture is not oblique, except,in some shells, just above the body-whorl, where it is apt to change its course in such a way that the depth of the penultimate whorl ‘becomes considerably greater in its outer than in its inner half as seen in dorsal view. The mouth is long and narrow and its main axis forms a very acute angle with that of the shell. It is pointed above and _ slightly introverted ; below it is narrowly rounded. The lip is sharp and the callus not strongly developed. The shell is imperforate or narrowly rimate and the columellar border is slightly expanded over the VOL. IV, NO, 1, 1920. 8 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON umbilicus. The outer lip at the anterior end of the mouth is very slightly expanded. The external surface of the shell is highly polished and often has a malleated appearance due to relatively large but very shallow depressions arranged roughly in a spiral manner. Numerous minute longitudinal striae can be detected with the aid of a hand-lens. The external colour is pale olivaceous green, sometimes with a reddish tinge. Spiral bands are absent, but irregular black long- itudinal lines sometimes occur. The outer lip is sometimes black- ened externally. The interior of the shell is yellowish white and the periphery of the mouth is more or less infuscated. The operculum is thin, long and narrow, with the posterior extremity pointed and slightly introverted and the anterior extremi- ty narrowly rounded. The outer margin is evenly convex, the inner margin rather deeply concave in its posterior half, nearly straight anteriorly. The external surface is concave as a whole, the internal surface slightly convex. There is a well defined ridge on the inner border of the former, proceedmg forwards from a point a little in front of the posterior extremity and gradually grow- ing broader until it reaches a point about two-thirds the distance from the posterior to the anterior extremity. The lines of growth are Well-defined and regular and the epidermis thin and polished. The muscular sear on the internal surface is large and its smooth area relatively extensive. The sculpture of the border of the scar is minute and irregular and does not extend outwards over the whole border on the outer edge of the scar. On the inner edge the scar is defined by a prominent ridge. The nacre is of a leaden grey tint. The following measurements are those, with the exception of the first shell, of specimens assigned by Nevill to his var. compressa. I have not the materia! to decide whether either this variety or Fischer and Dautzenberg’s var. major is beyond the limits of individual variation. MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETRES) AND PROPORTIONS OF SHELLS. Height WA See ae mS 75 61 55 Maximum diameter “a 490 60 46 4], JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 9 Height of mouth (oblique) ahs 55 41 40 Maximum diameter of mouth ... 27 21 20 Maximum diameter to height ... 1:1.25 1:1.83 1:1.35. Maximum diameter to heigh tof mouth Pele SIQOSE IO: JD Mouth to height Wa lone el AO Ee: air. Max. diam. mouth to max. diam. ... 2G EOS: These shells are all from Cambodia. Kobelt states that . P. polita is the characteristic form of that country and of Cochin China. It is probably less common in Siam than the forms of P. turbinis, but_has been recorded from Bangkok and Chiengmai. Pachylabra conica (Gray). 1911. Pachylabra conica, Kobelt, op. cié., p. 93, pl.xl, figs.1-5, 8. 9. In some respects the shell of this species resembles that of P. polita, but it is usually smaller and never has the same regular ovoid shape, highly polished surface or finished appearance. The mouth projects abruptly in ventral view and the whorls are more tumid, the suture more regularly oblique. The sculpture of the surface is also different, the longitudinal striae being much coarser and more irregular, fine longitudinal ridges being often present on the body-whorl and spiral, minutely interrupted lines also occur- ring in large numbers. The mouth is as a rule broader and more oblique and the spire blunter. The colour is dull olivaceous green or brown, occasionally with irregular longitudinal dark lines and usually with obsolete brownish spiral bands. The lip is very narrowly, if at all, blackened. The interior of the shell is ornamented with fairly conspicuous brownish spiral bands, which sometimes extend to the periphery of the lip, which is sometimes white. The operculum is relatively broader and shorter Atos that of P. polita, with a rather more regular ovoid outline. The inner border of the muscular scar is sometimes rather deeply sculptured in a concentric manner, as is shown in Kobelt’s figure, but this is not a constant character. The radula closely resembles that of other species of VOL. IV, No. 1, 1920. 10 DR NELSON ANNANDALE ON Pachylabra, a genus in which specific differences are not strongly marked in the teeth. Each transverse row consists of seven teeth, two marginals and one lateral on each side of an unpaired central, giving the dental formula 2. 1. 1. 1. 2. The central is transverse and about twice as broad as high. It bears at either side of its base a fairy prominent almost vertical fold and its free margin is armed with five denticulations, all-of which are sharply pointed, while the central denticulation is much larger than the others and extends downwards nearly to the base of the tooth. The lateral is comparatively stout, and its free margin resembles that of the central. The marginals have their inner margin dis- tinctly S-shaped. They each bear three long, pointed denticulations, which in the outermost tooth are subequal. The teeth are all com- paratively small. MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETRES) AND PROPORTIONS or SHELLS. Height Ae: 4] 4] 35 35 32 Maximum diameter... 35 34 34 30 28 30 Height of mouth segae SO 30. tae 24 23 23 Maximum diameter of mouth Sa ate bi 15 tit 14 14 14 Maximum diameter to height vce LD. A OL et eee ele Mouth to height sven 22 see 1 ol SCO oleae Maximum diameter to height of mouth soe Lelie. lea ted oo tet 2 2 etna Maximum diameter of mouth to that of shell ... 1: 2.05 1:2:44 1:2 es i a Oi il es The average proportion of maximum diameter to height of shell is, therefore, in this series 1: 1.18, or considerably more than +; the average proportion of the height of the mouth to the height of the shell 1: 1.43; that of the maximum diameter of the mouth to its height 1: 1.72, considerably more than one half; that of the width of the mouth to the total width slightly less than half. The series of shells of which these measurements are given is from Akyab in Arakan. The species is the dominant one in Lower JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 14 Burma and its range extends to China. Blanford records it from Pitsanuloke. Pachylabra gracilis (Lea). 1856. Ampullaria gracilis, (Lea), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadel phia, VII, p.110. : ?date. Ampullaria gracilis, id., Obs. Genus Unio, ete. XI,’ p.70, pi. axa fie. 1, Lea’s figure and descriptions are probably based on a young shell, and the only specimen I have seen also seems young. The adult shell may be identical with one of those figured by Kobelt (op. cit., pl. xxxvii, fig. 4) as shells of P. dalyz; but this figure certainly does not represent either that race or any other of P. turbinis. The specimen I have examined resembles a young shell of P. conica, but is longer in proportion, with a longer and narrower mouth, a more exserted spire, a more even surface and more conspicuous external spiral bands. The lip is also more sinuous and more produced at the anterior end. The sculpture con- sists of fine longitudinal ridges with obsolete longitudinal and spiral striae. The following are the measurements and proportions of this shell :— height 35, maximum diameter 29, height of mouth 25, maximum diameter of mouth 11 mm. Proportion of maximum diameter to height of shell 1: 1.2, height of mouth to that of shell 1:1.4, maximum diameter to height of mouth 1:2.26, maximum diameter of mouth to that of shell 1:2.63. This shell is labelled “Siam” and the species was described without any more precise locality. Blanford records it from Lam- pun in the northern part of the Kingdom. Pachylabra angelica, sp. nov. The shell is large, of moderate thickness and in shape inter- mediate between P. polita (Desh.) and P. turbinis (Lea); it is much more globose than the former but has a whorl more than the latter, than which also it is slightly more elongate. Its total height is a little greater than its maximum diameter. There are 64 whorls, and the spire, though almost acuminate, has a globose appearance towards the base, with somewhat swollen whorls. The extent to VOL. IV, NO. 1, 1920. 12 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON which it is exserted differs in different individuals, but it is never so long as that of P. polita or P. conica, or so short as that of most forms of P. turbinis. The upper surface of all the whorls is slightly, obliquely flattened, but they are never angulate or carinate. The suture is impressed. The body-whorl is broad but oblique. The mouth of the shell is large and a little less than twice as high as broad, but the upper extremity is separated from the upper marg- gin of the body-whorl by a distance considerably greater than the height of the spire. The main axis of the mouth forms an acute angle with that of the shell. The peristome is continuous and the callus well developed, but not prominent, in complete shells. The upper extremity of the lip is thickened at its junction with the shell and there isa rather broad thickened ridge just inside its outer margin, which is itself sharp. The lower or anterior margin is very little expanded or everted. The shell is narrowly umbilicate and the expanded callus is reflected over the umbilicus. The external surface is not strongly polished. It is seulptur- ed with numerous fine, low, close-set longitudinal ridges, some of which (set apart at fairly regular intervals) have a broader and flatter appearance than the others. The ridges are crossed by still more numerous minute, decussate or guttate spiral striae, and the surface has a distinctly sculptured look to the naked eye, at any rate on the body-whorl. The external colour is uniform olivaceous, in some shells with a rather pale greenish and in others with a dark almost purplish tint. The internal surface is greenish white in pale shells and the periphery is faintly stained with pale yellow, the lip being sometimes very narrowly bordered with black. Darker shells are deep purple internally, with a faint indication of spiral bands, which are probably quite visible in young shells. Adult shells of this type have a broad white border to the lip and columella. The operculum is thick and heavy. Its outline is irregularly pyriform, the external margin being strongly convex and the upper part of the inner margin deeply concave. The posterior extremity is bluntly pointed. The external surface is irregularly concave as a whole, and has the yrowth lines delicate but distinct. The JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. Plate II. JOURNAL NAT. HIST. SOC., SIAM. VOL. IV. ‘WANYVTINdNVY ASAWVIS TA Wee ets Tal EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Radular teeth of Siamese species of Pachylubra all x 75. Fig. 1. Pachylabra pesmei (Morlet). Fig. 2. Pachylabra conica (Gray). Fig. 3. Pachylabra begini (Morlet). Fig. 4. Pachylabra turbinis var, swhampullacea (Nevill). Fig. 5. Pachylabra angelica, sp. nov. : Fig. 6. Living animal of P. angelica as seen from below. e = eye; e’ = eye-stalk ; f — foot; m = mouth ;o0 — operculum ; t. = tentacle; t’ = oral process; s. = siphon ; JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM, VOL. 1V. THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 13 epidermis is moderately thick and not highly polished ; it is of a deep brownish colour. The nacre is livid greyish stained with pink. The muscular scar is large. 1ts smooth area is long, narrow and prominent. The sculptured border is broad and shallow except at the outer anterior extremity, where there is a distinct pit. The sculpture of this border is obscure and shallow. The exposed parts of the animal are of an almost uniform sooty black colour. The foot is large, narrowly cordate and bluntly pointed behind. The tentacles are long and slender and the oral processes taper distinctly to their extremity, which is filiform. The siphon is short and broad. . The jaws are stout and strongly chitinized ; each has a single projection on its free edge. The radular teeth are also strongly chitinized. They have the usual formula (2. 1. 1. 1. 2.) and closely resemble those of P. conica except that they are larger and stouter, with broader denticulations. The central is 2} times as broad as high, and the latero-basal folds on its disk are very poorly develop- ed. The distal part of the marginals is longer and stouter, and the outer denticulations of the outermost tooth is much smaller than the middle one. The most noteworthy radular character is the large size of the teeth. - MEASUREMENTS (1N MILLIMETRES) AND PROPORTIONS OF SHELLS. Height 75 (3 65 Maximum diameter 65 66 60 Height of mouth (oblique) 58 55 51 Maximum diameter © _ of mouth 311 31 DAT! Maximum diameter to height 1:1.15 Heath — 1:108 Maximum diameter to height of mouth 1:1.87 TheN ed(0 Hees Mouth to total height 1:1.29 fles2 VEN y: Max. diam. mouth to total max. diam. 1:2.09 202 e222 The width of the shell is thus slightly less than the height, VOL. IV, NO. 1, 1920. 14 DR. NELSON ANNANDALE ON and that of the mouth a trifle more than 4 of its length; the height of the mouth a little less than + that of the shell, and the width of the mouth just: less than half of that of the shell. Type-specimens. No. M. cote Z.S.I. (Ind. Mus.) This species is apparently the common one in the rice-fields round Bangkok. Dr. Malcolm Smith sent me several indivi- duals found active in ponds in July. They arrived in Calcutta ~ by post from Bangkok with the shell tightly closed by the oper- culum. They were placed ina dish of water and after about an hour the operculum gradually opened. The animal, however, remain- ed very sluggish for the rest of the day and did not begin to feed until next morning. When they arrived the lung was evidently full of air as they floated in water. Dr. Smith teils me that the eggs are conspicuous in the rice-fields in the winter months. I am indebted to Dr. Baini Prashad for the following parti- culars of the anatomy :— “The animal of this species is on the whole of a much more massive type than of the common P. globosa of Bengal. The fol- lowing anatomical points are interesting from a comparative point of view. “ Both the cephalic and the true pair of tentacles are long, when fully extended the true tentacles are at least two and a half times as long as the cephalic ones. Both pairs of tentacles are fairy thick at the base but taper to a point very gradually. The eye-stalks are small and thick. Both the nuchal lobes are well developed. The right lobe, though not forming an actual siphon as in Vivipara, forms a fairy deep groove. The left, or the respiratory siphon of the family, forms a comparatively broad and thick res- piratory tube, slightly different in size and proportions from that of P. globosa but much more so when compared with that of Ampullaria insularum dOrbigny, as figured by Fischer and Bouvier. ! The margin of the mantle is very thick. The osphradium is large, and owing to the large development of tissue at its base may be described as pedunculate. The lung is a copious structure with a 1 Journ. de Conchyl. XL, pl. iii, fig, 15. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC. SIAM, THE APPLE-SNAILS OF SIAM. 15 large broad opening. The lamellae of the gills also are well deve- loped leaf-like structures. The ridge separating the branchial from the lung portion of the respiratory cavity is particularly thick in its anterior portion. The rectum is a very thick tube and the open- ing of the anus is large. The sacs for the copulatory organs are well developed. ; «The buccal mass is a massive structure with well developed salivary glands lying just posterior to it; the glands of the two sides are unequal, that of the right side is larger than that of the left, and is placed a little in front of it. The mouth is a large vertical opening with thick lips on its two sides. The jaws are large with a single cutting tooth developed on each. The radula and the cartilaginous flaps on its sides are both brownish in colour. The stomach has a small caecum. «There is nothing special to note regarding the vascular and the excretory systems. The ovary is large and cut up into a number of lobes. The albumen gland also isa large structure. The male organs are similar to those of P. globosa,” Pachylabra turbinis (Lea). 1856. Ampullaria turbinis, Lea, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Vi Tee, 10: 1860. Ampullaria celebensis, v. Martens (nec Quoy & Gaimard), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 12. 1863. Ampullaria turbinis, Morelet, Ser. Conchyl. III, p. 288. 2date Ampullaria turbinis, Lea, Obs. Genus Unio, ete., XI, p.70, pl. xxii, fig. 2. 1884. Ampullaria turbinis and var. subglobosa, Nevill, Hand Last Moll. Ind. Mus. II, p. 6. 1904. O ; So M4 M4 ec 28/8 | & | 38 Goal Ss oS = 3 a A = > Je) Ne) Je) a NA ON NA Sex 2 2 2 2 Head and body 93.5 91 — 88.5 Tail See eon | — 88 — 86 Hindfoot, s. u. 21 20 — 17 Kar coe 15 14.5 — 15 Skull:— ... s greatest lene 25.5% | 24.5% 24.0 26.0 condylo basilar leaeida 23.0 21.2 — 23.7 palatilar length ie? 104 10.1 12.1 diastema 500 eo ee, 6.2 1.5 upper molar row (aime) 300 3.9 3. (1 4.0 5.0 do do (crowns)... 37 3.9 4.0 4.0 length of palatal foramina ... 4.5 4.0 4.8 5.5 combined nasals . |9.8x26)9.5* x 2.7)/9.4x2.6 1100 x 2.8 12.2 11.6 12.0 12.2 zygomatic breadth ... . Mus nitidulus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxviii, 1859, p. 294 eae a N. Tenasserim). 2. Vide Thomas, op. cit. xxvi, pp. 418, 420. 3. Thomas, op. cit., p. 420. * Approximate. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 65 On Rattus blythi Kloss (Mus cinnamomeus Blyth). With remarks on allied forms. By C. BopEN KLoss, F.Z.S. In a collection of mammals made by Mr. K. G. Gairdner near Raheng, Western Siam, are several examples of a rat which I iden- tify, after comparison with the type, as Rattus blythi mihi (Mus cinnamomeus Blyth)—a form that does not seem to have been met with since it was first described by Blyth in 1859 and given a name unfortunately preoccupied and therefore untenable. Mr. Gairdner’s series consists of seven skins and six skulls taken during February and March, 1917, at Me Taw and Sikawtur, 1500 ft., about 40 miles N. W. of Raheng —a locality a hundred miles distant from Shwegyin in North Tenasserim where the type specimens were obtained by Major Berdmore. In 1917 I contributed some notes to the “ Records of the Indian Museum” (vol. xii, p. 7) on the tailless type of “ Mus conna- 2) momeus” and compared it with Rattus cremorwenter cremoriven- ter,1 which it closely resembled in colour. © Mr. Gairdner’s specimens show, however, that FR. blythi has a bicoloured tail—a character that at once proves it to belong toa different species; for cremoriventer has a tail dark throughout and also almost pencillate, while that of blythz, though well clad in a normal way, has no elongate hairs at the tip. Further, while the upper pelage is of the same composition and of practically similar colour, the fresh specimens show that blytht is beneath of a whiter, less creamy tone than cremoriventer. As regards the skulls, those of blytht have less spatulate nasals but broader anteorbital plates, while the palatal foramina extend back to a line joining the front molars: in‘*cremoriventer they fall short of this. The upper incisors of blythi curve backwards noticeably more than do those of cremoriventer, which in this respect is resembled, among rats of this group directly known to me, only by Rattus 1. Vide Notes on page 68 postea. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 66 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON orbus,2 a member of the bicoloured-tailed section (The curve of the incisors is not a very satisfactory character in this connection, as the differences are not great, but the skulls of some of the rats of the group are so alike that it is of some use). Rt. blythi is also a larger animal and in size comes near R. ¢. tenaster, 3 R. blythi differs from orbus in having much less intensely coloured upper parts and whiter undersurface: has a shorter tail with a larger white area, narrower interpterygoid space, narrower, more parallel-sided, palatal foramina. The skull and teeth of blythi do not appear to differ mate- rially from those of Rattus bukit, * but the fur is brighter coloured above and whiter below; the white of the hind leg is more fre- quently cut off from that of the foot; the hair of the tail distally is often white above, while that of bwkit is dark; and the pelage is looser, less compact of spines and not so stiff (thus like cremori- venter). In the same way that the upper incisors of blytht and bukit differ from cremoriventer, so do those of marinus. © However, blythi may be distinguished from this last by its smaller palatal foramina and narrower interpterygoid space, while its colour is a little brighter above and less creamy below. The differences between the above forms may be set out as follows :— A. Tail unicoloured, somewhat pencillate, incisors less curved backwards. a. Smaller. ae spa ... Rc. eremoriventer. b. Larger. aie 505 .. Rc. tenaster. GZ. Tail bicoloured, no longish hairs at tip. a. Incisors less curved backwards, tail with less white below and generally over 200 mm. long, bullae larger. -.. RL. orbus. b. Incisors more curved backwards, tail with more white below and generally less than 200 mm. long, bullae smaller al Palatal foramina larger. oo. Le. marinus. b1 Palatal foramina smaller. a2 Colour duller, pelage stiffer. ... R. bukit. b2 Colour brighter, pelage less stiff 2. blythi. 2, 3, 4, 5. Vide Notes on page 68 postea. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. RATTUS BLYTHI. ; 67 All these rats are medium-sized animals with tawny to clay- coloured upperparts thickly sown with flattened spines having pale horny green bases, strongly margined whitish or creamy underparts and bicoloured tails (except cremoriventer), while the bullae are small and flattened. Others of the same group, not referred to above, are:— R. pan,& like bukit; but the white of the underparts not extending to the hind feet, interpterygoid space more abruptly truncate anteriorly, rostrum rather heavier and nasalslonger. Rattus pan and marinus are undoubtedly local forms of R. bukit, whereas gracilis and orbus probably represent R, rapit Bonhote (t. c., p. 123) from Kina Balu, North Borneo, A rat not known to me by topotypical examples is R. lepidus. 7 A single specimen from North Siam referred to it 8— except for decrease in the number and size of spines—seems not to differ materially from FR. bukit. I have seen no specimens of R, gracilis9 which Mr. Thomas stated (l.c.) to be closely allied to R. bukit, but later (in Litt.) concludes is. the same as FR. orbus: if so it is quite different from blythi and from bukit ; and it must be admitted that while orbus was being described gracilis was entirely over-looked. Rattus sakeratensis10 I am quite unable to place for the present ; it was founded on a single specimen which I have not seen, 11 The following are the description and measurements of Mr. Gairdner’s series of Rattus blythi :-— Wpper pelage thickly set with broad spines with greenish bases and grey tips: rump sown with long black-tipped piles. Tail dark above and whitish below. Colour above cinnamomeus, inter- mediate between ochraceous-tawny and the same tinged with amber- brown ; the back streaked by the blackish tips of the spines: base of fur grey. Head, sides and limbs more ochraceous-bufty. 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11. Vide Notes on page 68 postea. VOL, 1V. NO. 2, 1920. 68 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON Underparts, hands and feet creamy white (ivory yellow); white of hind feet sometimes continuous with that of the leg and sometimes striped mesially with brown. Hair of the upper surface of the tail sometimes whitish distally. (In No. 2627 the whole tail is white for more than half its length, both skin and hair; in No, 2622 for less than a quarter.) bo | Sains NOTES. Mus cremoriventer Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xiii, 1900, p. 144, pl. v. figs. 2, 2a, 2b (Trang, 3000 ft., Peninsular Siam). Epimys orbus Robinson & Kloss, Ann. & Mag., xiii, 1914, p. 228 (Kao Nong, Bandon, 3500 ft., Peninsular Siam). Epimys tenaster Thomas, Ann. & Mag., xvii, 1916, p. 425 (Mt. Muleyit, 5-6000 ft., Tenasserim). Mus bukit Bonhote, Ann. & Mag., xi, 1903, p. 125 (Bukit Besar, Patani, Peninsular Siam). Epimys marinus Kloss, P. Z. S., 1916, p. 50 (Koh Chang Id., S. E. Siam). Epimys jerdoni pan ‘Robinson & Kloss, t. ¢.s., p. 229 (Koh Samui Id., West coast of Peninsular Siam). Epimys lepidus Miller, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Quarterly, 61, 1913, p. 20 (Bok Pyin, South Tenasserim). Vide Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iii, 1918, p. 60 (Muang Prae). Epimys gracilis Miller, Sm. Mise. Quart., 61, 1913, p. 21 (Mt. Muleyit, 5-6000 ft., Tenasserim). 10. Rattus sakeratensis Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl., 57, 1917, p. 46, pl. vi, figs. 6 & 9 (Sakerat, south of Korat Town, Eastern Siam). 11. Vide Journ, Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, iti, 1919, p. 581. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. Ov 0 RATTUS BLYTHI. ‘8=G6-G ovUIURTY «“yuasetd oY} LOF Wey TIM peoryd oq Avut puv szrvdrepun Atvotd oxo pus vurureroy peyvjed Josuo, SUIABY UT 4sex oY} WOT JeyIp 09 ATUO ‘TOAQMOY ‘suIOOS 41 :poSvUITp T[NYs ey} pue UIOM Ajsurpoooxe ny oy sey uoutroeds vA vq oy,, “eddy ony uv tosunod aoyyeyt ‘utom AYysys 4tuo yoog,| ~oyeumrxorddy , SE a SE SS SS SY SS SS SS cee xx UIOM T9097, | 80GZ | SLT IS PXOFIPSZXO'L| T'9 | G6 | 6ST — — — 9% |09L| SFT | & | weIg 'N ‘osI0H VM Vg “SNOULOULBUULO | ; “W Jo ed4y-09 J | qoge — | €X8°ITl— x9'¢| ¢°9 13} SRVAL — Gg — TE S6l Sen alae es e {sneuowvuula ) UTLTOSSBUo T, "WW Jo ed4y-09 - | WORE — |6°§X6°S1|— XF'9 9 | ¥'6 | FST — | ,88 — eg | L6L| set | — "N ‘urdsSaayg + ‘1q947q “a7 yo od AT, “UIOM YON 4007, | 869% | PEL IL FXF'9T' 0'SXE'9|) T'9 | GOL | GOT | 6 Es | STF | Gaz Vs) (190 ool | 2 es me L693 | T'LT \6°SX8'STlEsx6'e| E'9 6 | $ST | 9:08 | SLE Iie | eee | ohie| cise) © oe ef 969% LI |8°§X€7P1| 13x09] 19 6'8 GI | 16% | G°9E 0Z LZ | LLL) P80 o) ie se GZ9% | SLI |L'FX8'ST| 9°3X0'9 9 | §'6 | 9ST |,¢°08 | 6°98 02 LG |881| 8st | © s a 769S | SLT |6°§X0'ST| L'2xe'e 9 | 78 | 8PrL | 46% | SSE | ¢6T 93 |09T| Ser ro) se a €696 | @LL |OPXO'ETIFZX19| 19 L'8 GT -— = | SRG 82 | 691) G2t fo) Pe i ZE9G = — — — = — — — | G06 | $86 |S61| Sst | P |wrIg'mM ‘sueyey tea ART, OJ PUB AMNYAMVYIG ao 6 LSE a meee yt: Sens cee fea © | ee peal ae ci “4 p — de) rn 5 hb is} Gm I ts @ ON jae2| STPSUN | Be S |e as) & | og & log Be og & 4ooy Ayer “SYIVULOYT ep Oot B aie Le E Brey yer i o Pe | amg [ieg,| puw | xeg Aqtpeoory on pury prey "TTAMS EE ES RSLS SS SS SERS SCT SSS SSS SER NS SCE S SSE SS SSEEENESSESE “SOTJOUITT[IUL UL 1y/7/72q snzQgMAT JO YUSTMEINSBOTT WOH, TAY. OL Bo TERI. ma SS Set aanee - 7 a, been regplelpe te Paes vA fs Sine nt Bune ee Re ne gerne om wR et ee we a3 , peewee eh 4S ] 7 * kite i 7 h 7 Pate es Si ys \ ¥ Loe 4 aS ae Nees eee ay OS * * 4 ua Syp ne ranes hd ate mm! SEA SEETCH MAP 7 2 Oo} Be { e ILS e G \ | | nS H ‘ — — SS t GULF (OF eee NS ; peo, ae eS Tee oe ee ea 9 “\. dourn Nat: Hist Soe. Siar. VolIV N?2 . 71 A NEW GIANT SQUIRREL FROM PULO CONDORE. By C. BopEN Koss, F.ZS. Ratufa melanopepla condorensis, subsp. nov. 3.6 ad. 3 2 ad. 1 2 subad. Main Island, Pulo Condore Group, near Cochin China. 8-13th September 1919 (Nos. 2700-6/CBK). Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. The smallest black-and-tan Giant Squirrel known: hindfoot apparently not exceeding 60 mm. Skulls showing no special pecu- liarities apart from abnormally small size, the greatest length yet known being 64 mm, Colour generally resembling R. m. lewcogeivys mihi (P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 43. South-East Siam), geographically the nearest known form (though perhaps the upper parts are never so intensely black); but the yellow parts a trifle richer, more like A. m. stnws mihi (t. ¢., p. 44. Koh Kut Id., 8S. E. Siam) and R. m. peninsule Miller (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. II, 1900, p. 71. Trang, Peninsular Siam). The yellow of the hindlegs sometimes extends over the upper surface of the feet and sometimes only reaches their inner sides, In one specimen the black part of the lower leg is grizzled with buff. ie P sig Otherwise the seven specimens examined are very uniform in appearance except that Nos. 2702 and 2704 have the upper parts, owing to bleaching, largely dark brown and No. 2703 only slightl § Sp TE y Seay, so. There is always a russet patch between the ears. Type. Adult female (skin and skull). No. 2706/CBK. 11th September 1919. All those Giant Squirrels, which I have referred to Ratufa melanopepla, should probably stand as races of R. bicolor (Sparmm. Java) of which melanopepla itself is undoubtediy a subspecies, and gigantea (McClell, Assam) also, though in a small area (North Siam) the latter is found together with an animal with untufted ears (R. pheopepla Miller, Smithsonian Misc. Collections, vol. 61, No. 21, 1918, p. 25. South Tenasserim). VOL, IV, NO. 2, 1920. A NEW GIANT SQUIRREL FROM PULO CONDORE. 72 “YSoY 8} Ul UsYR} ‘sJ]UPUTAINSVET $,10}09T[00 BATGBN , ‘uiomun ‘* | GOLZ | B'S BZ | SST ez | G6P | 09 | & LG | 0G€| 0L2 | S| prang ‘ ee came obs 9012 | 8°68 | 8°SG | c'0Z | T'sT | Get! oes| .e9| #9) & cg |oLe| oe | 6 | ed4y, * ne a “ec | ‘urom A14q31]5 | vole | SiGe |) SG | Gf | GL) GEL] ec) 2G | Sco} ee | 68 Ose) 008 | 6 % ‘ ‘uzomun ** £0LZ 8€ iG 02 a ae +d 1G | $39) & 09 oge| coe | - = | ‘* Ajaorvos ZOLZ | LLE *% 1G | LIL | Lt | 9°12 6G 29 | Gz Lg |09¢| 00 | P = mt : ee Once meron! Ag | Cle 6ie| eco COG) S08) | tices) CA phe Gee se 2 > | BUI O-Ulqoo0g “u10m ATIYSIYS WIPAT, | OOLZ | G6E | 61 @L | S&T £% og | 98) 6 GG |oge| 986 | P Twau ‘alOpuoD O[N | stsuetopuoo vjdadourjaut vyngeyy = as | EN) | eee ae SoG a ee — te = - ioe PE ‘yao |Zamifeorles Zleed £ | re lege) ef Re ISSSIS SSB b Sila Src) a Sp |B % 5/5 ¢ ees a JRESIEESRBZES SE) F (Ba RES Ss EE eee “SyIvurayy pede lz Se erhieea a em | ay = E Pee NE rae, | ea eaeg | yooy | E, | pur | xog Aytpeoory pu satoadg 7 ate purty | proxy | | “"TTANS | | ‘sasuasopuos vpdadounjau vf{ngoy JO SJWoOULaIMsvoyy| JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, 73 THE PULO CONDORE GROUP AND ITS MAMMALS. By C. BoprEen Koss, F.Zs. The Pulo Condoret group lies about 45 miles from the coast of Cochin-China on the edge of a 15-fathom bank stretching out from the mainland. It consists of one comparatively large island, two of moderate size and eight or ten small ones, and is fairly compact. Pulo Condore, the largest, is about nine miles long and two to four in breadth: most of its surface is hilly and its summit is 1,954 ft. high. The eastern side is divided into two bays by a rocky peninsula and in the southern and larger of the two is situat- ed the settlement and convict establishment. This bay is protected to some extent on the east by the island of Hon Bai Kan, the second largest of the group, nearly three miles long and rising 1,076 feet. Rather smaller than Hon Bai Kan is Ban Vioung, or Little Condore, 708 feet high, lying close to the south-west shore of the main island where it creates a channel that offers fairly protected anchorage. I have not yet landed on the group, but the following short notes were made during a passage through the islands in March 1917, when my steamer anchored one evening for half an hour in the principal harbour: they are, therefore, merely impressions of the east side and perhaps a visit would cause them to be consider- ably amended. | “We stopped in a semicircular bay open to the south-east, with three or four islets in the mouth and larger ones to seaward. “The settlement is on a plain along the head of the bay fronted by a sandy beach and- backed by hills: few buildings were visible from the ship. The Governor’s hot-weather quarters are 1 The Island of Gourds. (Pulo, poulo, pulau (Malay) = Island. Condor, Condore, Kundur (Malay) = Gourd. I follow the spelling of the Admiralty charts. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 14 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON built on a knoll at the southern end of the flat land: the house, formerly known as ‘ Fort Anglais, is now called ‘ Villa des Alliés’. “Behind the plain rises a semicircle of hills, irregular in height, sometimes steep, sometimes with a gradual slope: there appears to be one low pass to the western side of the island. «Except for the plain and the neck of the peninsula which forms the northern part of the island, the land seen was hilly every- where and apparently not fertile: it seems to consist of many rocky slopes and some precipices and, where wooded, there were apparently growing only small trees, much wind-contorted and without much undergrowth. “ At the south of the island opposite Little Condore - which has a high steep peak and some cliffs—there is a stretch of forest on the lower slopes, but much of the island above this was practi- cally naked. “The northern part of Pulo Condore has a lesser elevation than the rest of that island except for the neighbourhood of the settlement, and some of the hills behind, which seem to be forested. “The islets to seaward seemed to be very rocky and sterile, the only woody growth being wind-twisted trees and scrub.” t=) fo) ‘There are no modern descriptions in English of the islands other than that in the “China Sea Directory,’ but good accounts have been given of visitsin 1687 by Dampier (The Voyage round the World); in 1780 by Captain James King, LL. D., F.R.S. (A Voyage of Discovery into the Pacific Ocean, Vol III = Captain Sook’s Third Voyage); and in 1822 by Dr. George Finlayson (The Mission to Siam and Hue) and by John Crawfurd, F. R. S. (Journal of an Embassy to Siam and Cochin China).* *In Staunton’s “ Embassy to China,” under Lord Macartney, occurs a short account of a visit paid in May 1793. Turtles are the only animals mentioned. : JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. PULO CONDORE AND ITS MAMMALS. 75 These travellers record the following animals :— Monkeys. Fisher, Finlayson, Crawfurd. : Flying Squirrel (striped brown and white). Fisher. Black squirrel. Fisher, Finlayson, Crawfurd. Wild pig. Dampier, Fisher, Finlayson. Wild cocks and hens. Dampier, Fisher. Doves and Pigeons. Dampier, Crawfurd (M. bicolor and M. aenea). Parrots and parakeets. Dampier. Turtles. Dampier, Staunton. Lizards. Dampier. Tguanas (Varanus sp.). Dampier. Limpets and Mussels. Dampier. The group does not look like one with a rich mammalian fauna. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s investigations (in September 1919 he sent two of his collectors to the islands, where they spent about a fortnight, with instructions to obtain mammals as well as reptiles and batrachians) have, however, considerably increased our knowledge of it by adding, to the five determined species on record, four more of which one, at least, is new—the Giant Squirrel: and perhaps the Macaque and the Palm-Civet also; but of this last the only example obtained is too young to speak about. We have still to receive specimens of the Wild Hog and Flying Squirrel of the earlier visitors: and it is probable that there will eventually be discovered a lesser Fruit-bat (Cynopterus sp.) and one or more insectivorous bats, a race of Forest-rat (R. rajah subsp.) and a Mouse-deer (Tragulus sp.) 1 Macaca irus Cuv., subsp. 1 3 aged, 1 ¢ adult, 1 2 aged. | Pulo Condore, 19-23 Sept. 1919. [Nos 2691, 2, 3/CBK.] Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. ~ These Macaques are either MW. 2. validus (Elliot, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) VI, 1909, p. 252: stated to have come from Cochin- China) or are closely related to it. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 76 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON T have a male Macaque from Trangbom, 30 miles east of Saigon, to which they bear a general resemblance: but until I have compared the specimens from both places with the type of Elliot's race they had better remain undetermined subspecifically. All these do not differ in colour from M. 7. atriceps mihi (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, III, 1919, p 347. Koh Kram Id., Inner Gulf of Siam) as much as I thought from Elliot’s description. of it that validus did. M. 7. atriceps, however, is easily separated from the Cochin-China and Pulo Condore animals in having the black area on the crown smaller and much more sharply margined, while its skull can easily be distinguished by the unusually small size of the orbits: it is further separated from the Pulo Condore examples by the larger molars and more arched, horse-shoe shaped palate, the breadth of which between the last molars is much reduced. This is the first time the Pulo Condore “monkey” has been identified as a form of Macaque. I give, with the measurements of the present specimens, the dimensions of two more examples of WM. 7. atriceps, sent me by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson, which confirm the description of the original series. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. PULO CONDORE AND ITS MAMMALS. Measurements of Macaca irus subsp. from Pulo Condore and M. 2. atriceps from Koh Kram. ns = Eee es — - . Head and body* ... Tail* are wats Hind foot, s.u.* Skull and Teeth :— Greatest length... 2c Basal length ... Sie Palatal length .. Zygomatic breadth Upper tootbrow excluding incisors (alveoli) Upper molar series only (alveoli) aces : eee ese m?2—m? externally (alveoli) Lower toothrow excluding incisors (alveoli) Lower molar series only (alveoli) ae Length of mandible eoe ooe 2691 slight saggital crest, teeth excessively Aged : worn. i H bo © co H= S> GO Or 124 90 53 84.2 36 29.7 37 45 B08 77 Puto ConponreE. — Kon Kram. 2692 | 2693 | 2567 | 2568 dS Q of 2 = wey — S| Berle s S 56 ae See ae je ap oie |e 8 so ES 9 ate a) TM 5 BPS |e aes 3 | See Ba) = = g = a + s ae (as | oe Se SS | 2 5 3 480 380 465 415 540 470 510 465 128 110 SS 118 45 32 £ 42 1138.5) 106.5] 119 100 80 72 86.5| 68 49 AS) OO 4S 81 69 es 67 38 44 39 36 30.5} 30 Soe2) eles GEG ey Bill SED le ooo 44 39 44.5} 39.5 B.S S4ee Poa op ea 85 at 89.5| 7A 91 * Native collector’s measurements, taken in the flesh. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 78 ; MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON 2. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pall., subsp. 1 2 imm., 12 Sept. 1919 [No. 2694/CBK]. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. New for the islands; but only represented by a quite young female. On geographical grounds it might be P. h. cochinensis Schwarz (Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) VII, 1911; p. 635, Saigon)! ; but, like another young female from Koh Chang Id., 8S. E. Siam | (vide P. Z. S. 1916, p. 33), the pale frontal band is broad. 3. Tupaia glis dissimilis (Ellis). Sciurus dissimilis Ellis in Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1860, V, p. 71 (Pulo Condore). Tupaia dissimilis Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 45,1913, pp. 3,67, pl. 1 (Pulo Condore). 1 dg ad.,1 o¢ subad.,1 2 ad., Pulo Condore, 12 — 15 Sept. 1919. [Nos. 2695 —7/CBK.] Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Number of mamme unknown: but almost certainly 3 - 3=6. Upper parts a grizzle of blackish and ochraceous (more buffy on the sides); tail similar but grizzle coarser. Sides of head and neck with less black than the back; upper and lower eyelids clear buffy. Outer sides of limbs like the body, but grizzling Jess distinct. Underparts buffy to ochraceous buff: under side of thighs darker, ochraceous tawny. Under side of tail buffy and black, more buffy down the median line. Neck stripes scarcely traceable, buff. On the whole the general colour of the upper parts is more like 7. g. belangeri (as represented by specimens from Siam: vide Kloss, J. N. H. S. S. III, 1919, p. 355) than the more adjacent T. g. cambodiana mihi (1. ¢, p. 357) in that the tail is less black and more like the rump than the shoulders. It is more like the former also in the possession of a more pronounced eye-ring. The neck stripes are, however, less pronounced than in either, far less so than in the former; and the underparts are more richly coloured 1 An unsatisfactory name, as Cochin is in Madras. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. PULO CONDORE AND ITS MAMMALS 79 than in the others, which are buffy or whitish below, while the tail is also rather more ochraceous throughout. - Here we seem to have a case of the Pulo Condore race being more allied to Siamese and Cambodian forms than to more adjacent ones from Cochin China and Annam, Measurements of Tupaia glis dissimilis. No. as Stic ong ase 2695 2696 2697 Sex ele 536 sts Soot 3 3 2 ad. subad. | ad. Head and body* cee ee ve | 185 175 165 Tail* see aoe ane 566 Life} 168 162 Hind foot, s. u.* Aes ne oie 39 34 36 Ear* on sas ds ae 14 14 | 14 Skull and teeth :— | Greatest length ae soe sco | 20) EKG —_ Basal length ase dee sae | 41.5 40 4] Palatal length aia 508 ses 24 24 24.5 Upper molar series (alveoli) atu 15 14.8 14.8 Tip of pma to lachrymal notch fo: 17.8 eet 17.6 Rostral breadth at diastema cea 6.8 6.5 6.0 Interorbital breadth soe ane ie 13.8 13 ei Zygomatic breadth 229 coe 24 eS 23 * Native collector’s measurements, taken in the flesh. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. = 80 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON 4. Crocidura murina (Linn.). I dg ad. 1 2 subad., 7 Sept. 1919 [ Nos. 2698, 9/ CBK. J. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Medium sized animals, in colour grey tinged with brown. New for the islands. 5. Pteropus hypomelanus condorensis Peters. Pteropus condorensis Peters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, 1869, p. 393 ( Pulo Condore ). Pteropus hypomelanus condorensis Anderson, Cat. Chiroptera B. M., 1, 2912, p. bo: Not obtained by Dr. Smith’s collector. Very tew topotypes have been collected and all Museum specimens have been mounted and must now be more or less faded. 6. Rhinolophus minzr (Horsf.). Not obtained by Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Recorded from Pulo Condore by de Pousarges (Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, Etudes Diverses III, 1904, p. 544). 7. Ratufa melanopepla condorensis Kloss. Antea, p. 71. New for the islands. 8. Sciurus germaini A. M.-Edw. Seiurus germantt A Milne-Edwards, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 193 (Paulo Condore) 5 2 ad., Pulo Condore, 8—10 Sept. 1919 [ Nos. 2707—11/ CBK. ]. Intense black all over, lustrous on the tail and upper parts. This squirrel is so isolated that it is difficult to decide whe- ther other black animals should be treated as subspecies of it. One, S. albiveaitlt mihi (P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 47) occurs only on Koh Kut id., S. E. Siam ; while the second, S. nox Wroughton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) II, 1908, p. 397) seems confined to a small area of Siam JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. PULO CONCGRE AND ITS MAMMALS. 81 lying between Cape Liant and Sriracha to the north. The Koh Kut animal, besides being larger, has a white tail tip: but the other only differs in greater size. It is curious that the isolated squirrels from Siam and Pulo Condore should resemble each other so closely in colour, while Macaca atriceps trus, fcom Koh Kram, an island a few miles from Cape Liant, also resembles the Pulo Condore Macaque much more nearly than it does animals from the adjacent Siamese mainland. Here too we have a case, as with the Tupaia, of another Pulo Condore animal more closely resembling forms from Siam than others of the nearer parts of Indo-China. Measurements of Sciurus germaint. | | No 2 OMe AOey | 2009 2700 Dats Sex Fee ee 2 Q 2 Teeth | Teeth | Teeth | Teeth | Teet] much | slightly slightly | slightly Se ; Worn. worn. | worn. | worn. Vor: Head and body* | VO0N eek | 1808/9 185-1) 185 Dara yop. is Lal OS NOs.) GO) 160) 2 60 ermde root. Sie i: fe 39 36 Serene ih 40 Bare BS aha 18 19 18 20 | 18 Skull and teeth :— | Greatest length | Avan |) 45.8 1 48.0 | 488 Condylo-basilar length ...) 41.0 | 40.0 | 37.5 | 39.8) 41.3 Palatilar length ee Lae 20 OF) US Se OO 20) 3 Diastema a sae OO | ae Sve we Cee eines oy dele Es(0) Upper molar row (alveoli) SEO Mes OO Sa9) iO AN Oe Median nasal length ...| 138.0 | 1417) 140; 140! 148 Interorbital breadth peey kL PIMOS Cate LOO) Coa a lier- Zygomatic breadth A Paes | 28.0 | 27.0 a2 bry 29.0 ——— * Native collector's measurements, taken in the flesh. VOL. IV. NO. 2, 1920. 82 MR. C BODEN KLOSS ON ‘g Rattus rattus germaini (A. M.-Edw.). Mus germaini A. Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm., 1874, p. 289 (Pulo Condore) ; Bonhote, Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool. 1, 19038, p. 37 (‘Cochin China.” Errore?) ; id., P. Z. S, 1905, p. 390. Mus germani de Pousarges, Mission Pavie Indochine, Etudes Diverses, III, 1904, p. 548 (Poulo-Condore). 1 og ad, 1 ¢ vixad., 1 do subad., Pulo Condore, 8—13 Sept. 1919 [ Nos 2712—4/CBK. ]._ Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Above :—a grizzle of ochraceous and black (the subadult animal ochraceous-buff and black ): base of fur dark grey showing somewhat on the sides and lower parts of the limbs. Hands and feet white. Below :—the adult whitish on the neck, the remaining part creamy, the bases of the hairs scarcely grey: scrotum partly rufous (possibly stained ). The scarcely adult animal ivory, the bas2s grey where the white underparts meet the colour of the sides. The subadult example almost throughout greyish white below owing to the pronounced grey bases. Tails dark throughout. Skulls robust without any peculiar features, except that in the oldest and youngest specimens the palatal foramina (which are, combined, long ovals) are rather abruptly contracted for the an- terior two millimetres. Rostrum fairly long and rather slender. I cannot hold with Bonhote that this rat has anything to do with R. grisevventer ( Fascic. Mal., t. c., pp. 85-8): 1b is a member of the coarser, more heavily built, white-bellied section of rattus rats, which are quite distinct from that animal and its allies. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SJAM. PULO CONDORE AND ITS MAMMALS. 83 Measurements of Rattus rattus germavni. No. 2712 2713 2714 Sex : 3 2 3 Teeth Teeth Subad., slightly scarcely teeth : Worn. worn. unworn. Head and body* 190 174 159 Maal. S00 225 221 165 Hind foot, s.u.* oa 35 39 TDI ANg ener ee ee aoa) ae 24 22 Skull and teeth :— Greatest length ... 5060 seal 4420) 43.0 39.4 Condylo-basilar length 39.0 37.0 54.2 Diastema 40 12.3 11.0 Wo ees) Upper molar row (alveoli) 7.2 7.9 (au Combined palatal foramina 8x34 “8x3 7.1x3 Median nasal length 17.0 15.8 13.7 Breadth combined nasals ... aul 4.5 4.8 Zygomatic breadth ae Seal) ei).1 20.0 18.3 * Native collector’s measurements, taken in the flesh. VOL, 1V, NO. 2, 1920. 85 ™ SOME BIRDS FROM PULO CONDORE. By H. C. Rospinson AND C. Bopen Koss. Mr. W. J. F. Williamson, who sent his collector to Pulo Condore with Dr. Malcolm Smith’s men in September 1919, has not attained the success he deserved in investigating the avifauna of the island, for the collector was, unfortunately, laid up with dysentery for a week out of the 17 or 18 days he spent there. So the set of specimens brought back was not as large, nor the exploration as exhaustive, as it might have been. It is curious that more seems to have been learnt of the birds of this little group of islands a century and a half ago than in more © recent times: Linnaeus recorded the Jungle-fowl as Phasianus gallus in 1766; Gmelin described the Shama, Turdus macrourus ; and Sparrman, the Roseate Tern, Larus polo-condore (better known as Sterna dowgalli Mont.), in 1788; while Dampier (1687), King (1780), and Crawfurd and Finlayson (1822)* wrote of Parrots and « Parakites ”, Doves and Pigeons. If, therefore, I am correct in believing that the islands have not received attention in later days, Mr. Williamson has added con- siderably to our knowledge of its birds in spite of his ill-luck: nevertheless there must still be, comparatively speaking, a good many more to be met with and it isto be hoped that Mr. Williamson may be able to send his collectors again to the island. The present collection was submitted to my colleague for determination, but owing to press of work and illness Mr. Robinson was unable to deal with more than half the species, among which he distinguishes a new form of Miornis rubricapilla. C.B.K. +1. Muscadivora aenea subsp. (?). Muscadivora aenea ?subsp. Hartert, Nov. Zool. XXV, 1918, p. 346 ( Hainan ). 12. “Tris red, bill green. feet red”. Total length, 405. Wing, 228 mm. The material available is not sufficient to determine the status of this bird, which probably represents a subspecies as yet unnamed *Vide antea pp. 74, 75. VOL, IV, NO. 2, 1920. 86 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON but which also occurs in Cochin China and possibly Hainan. The vinaceous colour on the lower surface and the head is more pro- nounced than in most specimens from the Malay Peninsula, which are M. ae. aenea, though this can be matched in birds from Cambodia and East Siam. The size is about that of the South Indian and Ceylon M. ae. pusilla (Blyth); smaller than M. ae. sylvatica (Tick.), from which it also differs in the vinaceous ear-coverts. The nape and upper mantle are also darker grey than in any Malayan speci- mens we have examined. In this connexion Hartert’s remarks (supra) should be studied. We are reluctantly compelled to use the name Muscadivora for the genus instead of the more familiar Carpophaga, as the case for the former name seems unanswerable. . +2. Tringoides hypoleucos. Tringa hypoleucos, Linn., Syst. Nat. i. 1766, p 250 (Europe). 19. “Tris dark brown, bill black.” Total length, 310. Wing, 111 mm. +3. Bubulcus lucidus coromanda. Cancroma coromanda, Bodd., Tabl. Pl. Enl. 1783, p 54 (Coromandel Coast). 192. “Tris yellow, bill deep yellow, legs black”. Total length, 495. Wing, 237 mm. The presence of the Cattle Egret on an island of this descrip- tion is somewhat unusual. The bird is in winter plumage. +4. Alcedo ispida bengalensis. Alcedo bengalensis, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 450 (Bengal). 1 ¢. “Iris brown, bill black, feet red.” Total length, 170. Wing, 72 mm. The bird, which is not quite adult, calls for no special remark. -~5. Collocalia francica germaini. Collocalia germaini Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1876, p. 1 (Pulo Condore, Cochin China). Collocalia francica merguiensis subsp. b., Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XVI, 1892, p. 506 (Mergui, Tenasserim). JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. SOME BIRDS FROM PULO CONDORE. 87 Collocalia francica germaini Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1906, p. 201. Le) lel aes) bats dark brown, bill black, feet pale fleshy.” Povallenathiad 115 2 119 121 M2020) Wang, o 108- & 123, 123, 119, 116 mm. With these fresh topotypes in hand we fancied we could keep upart from them birds representative of those to which Hartert gave the name mergwiensis, on account of the less greenish gloss in the latter, which appeared to us to have the upper parts more brownish owing tothe gloss being purplish, On _ submitting specimens to Dr. Hartert, however (who has himself withdrawn merguiensis, vide Oberholser, supra), he wrote us that he could still admit no differences. We must, therefore, disregard our own opinion. - 6. Cypselus pacificus pacificus. Hirundo pacifica, Lath., Ind. Orn. Suppl., 1801, p. 58 (New South Wales). Micropus pacijicus, Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvi, 1892, p. 448. 1d, 2 9. “Iris dark brown, bill black, feet pale flesh.” Total length, d 192; 2 194, 196. Wing, d 189; 2°188, 186 mm. These birds slightly exceed the maximum given by Hartert for the species, viz., wing 184.5 mm., but cannot be separated from the typical form. +7. Rhopodytes tristis longicaudatus. Phenicopheus longicaudatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X, 1841, p. 923 (Tenasserim). Rhopodytes tristis hainanus Hartert, Nov. Zool. XVII, 1910, p. 218 (Hainan); Robinson & Kloss, Ibis, 1919, p. 427 (Cochin-China and South Annam). 35,1 2. “Tris reddish brown, bill green, feet pale blue” (?), Total length, ¢ 545, 470, 520; 2 509. Wing, ¢ 159, 150, 160; 2 155 mm. These birds agree in size and colour with Tenasserim speci- mens: Hainan birds also agree in size with Blyth’s overlooked race. Topotypical examples vary a little: some being paler below VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 88 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON with a dirty-buff wash on foreneck and breast, while others are darker below, with the wash less evident. The four Pulo Condore birds resemble the latter. | +> 8. Aegithina tiphia. Motacilla tiphia, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, p. 331 (Bengal). 29. “Tris dull white, bill above blackish brown, below dull white, legs pale blue”. Total length, 145, 135. Wing, 60, 61 mm. There is nothing special to remark on these birds; they can be exactly matched by others from Annam and other parts of the Indo-Malayan region. +9. Pycnonotus finlaysoni. Pycnonotus finlaysoni, Strickland, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii, 1844, p. 411 (2 Malaysian Ids. Hrrore: siibstitute “Siam” ), 335,29. “Tris reddish brown, bill blackish brown, legs pale brown.” Total length, ¢ 200, 190, 192; 2 180,192. Wing, ¢ 86, 83, 79; 2 76, 79 mm. The specimens are all in moult and the wing measurements therefore are not reliable. This bulbul, which is characteristically Indo-Chinese, is very constant is its colours and measurements, and in the very large series before us, ranging from Malacca to Pulo Condore, we have been unable to recognize any local differences whatever. The present birds are rather bright, but this is entirely due to their being in quite fresh feather. +10. Mlixornis rubricapilla condorensis Robinson, subsp. nov. The dullest form of the species; pileum with the rufous tinge duller and much reduced, general colour of the mantle more olivaceous, less russet, external aspect of the wing very little browner than, the mantle and back. Type. Adult male. Pulo Condore, 8th September 1919, collected by Mr. W. J. F. Williamson’s native collector. Three specimens examined. “Tris dull yellowish brown, bill above blackish brown, below dull white, feet greenish yellow”. Total length, d 138,* 142; 2 180. Wing, 5 63,* 64; 2 58 (imp.). *Type of the subspecies. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. SOME BIRDS FROM PULO CONDORE. 89 This race, which is just separable on the characters above given, shows an even greater departure from the typical form, than the forms inhabiting the southern Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, in the reduction of the russet of the plumage, especially on the pileum. +11. Kittacincla malabarica macrura. Turdus macrourus Gm., Syst. Nat. 1788, p. 820 (Pulo Condore). 3 6. “Iris brown, bill black, feet pale fleshy”. Total length, 255, 220, 165, Wing, 94, 92, 88 mm. Mr. Williamson’s specimens of this long-wanted bird, though not forming a very good series, enable us to state that it represents a good subspecies, the males being paler on the breast than con- tinental forms and with less black in the outer tail feathers than in any other race except HK. m. suavis Sclater, from S. E. Borneo, which is very distinct. The subspecies is confined to Pulc Condore. -~+ 12. Locustella certhiola. Motacilla certhiola, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. I, 1827, p. 509 (beyond Lake Baikal). Locustella certhiola, Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Faun. i, 1910, p. 550. 13,22. “Iris reddish brown, biil above blackish brown, below pale pinkish brown, legs pale pinkish brown”. Total length, CHAO Se Olas 50: Wine, 6 6152 66; Gi, mm, These specimens, evidently on migration, are all fairly adult ; they have the under-surface whitish, without any tinge of yellow, the breast tinged with buffy brown and the under tail-coverts brownish, paler at the tips. The species is not uncommon on migra- tion during the winter months in the Malay Peninsula and on small islands in the Straits of Malacca, but appears to be only a bird of passage, making a very brief stay. With us, moreover, quite young birds, which are very different in colour from the adults, are much more numerous. In these the whole under-surface is yellowish, the flanks and under wing-coverts deep brown with a yellowish tinge, and the foreneck, breast and flanks with narrow brownish black streaks. +13. Orthotomus atrogularis. Orthotomus atrogularis Temminck, Planches Coloriées, 1836, text in Livr. 101. (Malacca). VOL, IV, NO. 2, 1920. 90 MESSRS. ROBINSON AND KLOSS ON 22 “Iris deep yellow; maxilla brown, mandible pale fleshy ; feet pale fleshy”. Total length, 122,110. Wing, 46, 47 mm. T Aas Phylloscopus borealis borealis. Phyllopneuste borealis, Blasius, Naumannia, 1858, p. 313 (Ochotsk Sea). 12. “TJris dark brown, bill above brownish black, below yellow, legs brownish.” Total length, 120. Wing, 64 mm. ! Though one might have expected from the locality that ane Willow-Warbler would prove to belong to the Chinese form, P. 6. canthodryas. (Swinh., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 296), the very small first primary shows that it must be referred to the typical race. --15. Dicrurus annectens. Buchanga annectens Hodgson, Ind. Rev., I, 1837, p. 326 (Nepal). 1 do. “Iris reddish brown, bill and feet black.” ‘Total length, 275. Wing, 147. Tail, 135. Bill, breadth at nostrils 10: height at chin, 11 mm. An undoubted example of the Crow-billed, and not of the Black, Drongo as one would perhaps have expected. ‘The specimen is in immature plumage, considerably spotted with white on the abdomen, under wing- and under tail-coverts. +16. Dissemurus paradiseus malayensis. Edolius malayensis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. XXVIII, 1859, p. 272 (Penang). Dissemurus paradiseus malayensis, Kloss, Ibis, 1918, pp. 229, 518. 4 5, 6 2. “Iris brown or reddish-brown, bill and feet black.” “Wing, ¢ 154 257, 4595-1665 2. Vos) op, toos agin 161, 165 m.m. The wing lengths of these birds are about the same as in D. p. paradiseus of Central Siain, but the crests are much smaller and much less laterally compressed and curved, though more bushy. Pulo Condore birds and birds of Cochin-China are not to be distinguished from D. p. malayensis to which we accord a range in the Malay Peninsula from the Dindings to Mergui. The Continental Paradise- Drongos are much affected by latitude, and their crests increase in size as they go northwards. D. p. platurus, of the southern part of JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, SOME BIRDS FROM PULO CONDORE. 91 the Malay Peninsula, has the smallest crest : then come progressively D. p. malayensis, with range as above, and farther northwards, D. p. paradiseus extending from Central Tenasserim eastwards to Annam; the doubtfully distinct D. p. rangoonensis occurs in the southern half of Burma, and to the east in the same latitades is found D. p. johni in Hainan : largest crested of all is D. p. grandis. from Nepal to Yunnan. The same thing happens in India, where D. p. malabaricus has a smaller crest than grandis, and D. p. ceylonensis one smaller still. + 1%. Passer montanus malaccensis. Passer montanus malaccensis Dubois, Faun. Vert. dela Belgique, Oiseaux, I, 1887, p. 574 (Malacca). 13,2 9%. “Tris pale brown, bill blackish brown, feet pale brown”. Total length, ¢ 125; 2 130,125. Wing, ¢ 67; 2, 63, 67 mm VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. om Lo 93 REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS COLLECTED ON PULO CONDORE. By Matcoum A. SMITH, F.Z.S. WitH 1 PLATE. The collection of reptiles and batrachians made was not large, and it seems unlikely that it fully represents the herpetologi- cal fauna of the Island. In batrachians, considering the number of small streams met with by the collectors, it is unusually poor. Two ground Geckoes were obtained which appear to be new to science, and they are here described for the first time. The type series of each form has been presented to the British Museum of Natural History. The numbers referred to throughout are the registered num- bers of my own private collection. REPTILES. Draco maculatus haasii Boettger. Draco maculatus haasii, Smith and Kloss, Journ. N. H. Soc. Siam, i, p. 239 (1915). 8 specimens. In the absence of any blue spot at the base of the gular pouch, these specimens agree with the form described by Kloss and myself from the Chantabun coast. They are, however, distinctly Jarger, and the consideration which we gave to size is evidently of no value. The slight difference between D. m. haasii and the typi- cal form, therefore, is one of colour only, but as it appears to be confined to a definite geographical area, the name may be retained. The distribution of this form is very limited, and includes the S. E. portion of Siam and adjacent region in Cochin Chinx. From the Dong Rek mountains (E. Siam) I have obtained both forms, but elsewhere in Siam, as well as in Southern Annam, the typical form only. : The colouration of Draco maculatus in life has never yet been fully described. The wing membranes above vary from orange or reddish-brown to pale yellow, yellowish-green or green. The markings are equally variable and range from a few black spots VOL, IV, NO. 2, 1920. 94 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON only, to a membrane so thickly covered by them that they almost obscure the ground colour. These variations do not depend upon sex. Inner side of gular flap bright yellow, gular pouch, orange, brown, or yellow. Gymnodactylus condorensis, sp. nov. Snout obtusely pointed; ear opening small, vertically oval, one-third the diameter of the eye. Snout with small keeled ~ granules, back of head with minute granules, interspersed with larger ones; rostral one and a half times as broad as high, with median cleft above, entering the nostril; supranasals small, separated from each other by a small scale; 10 or 11 upper and 8 or 9 lower labials; mental moderate, triangular; first pair of chin-shields in contact with each other and followed by a series of smaller shields; body and limbs above with small granules, inter- mixed with larger, rounded, subtrihedral tubercles; lateral fold from axilla ‘to groin usually well marked; throat covered with small granules, ventrals small, cycloid, imbricate, 30-38 across the middle of the body; a group of 4-5 preanal pores and a series of enlarged scales along the under surface of the thigh; no pubic groove; tail round, covered with small flat scales ; enlarged pointed tubercles in series above and broad transverse plates below. Greyish-brown above, with large dark spots usually arranged transversely across the back ; a dark streak behind the eye meeting its fellow on the neck; below pale greyish. Allied to G. consobrinoides Annandale, from Tenasserim. 8 specimens examined. Type series, 4023, 4024, 4027, 4030, 4031. MEASURMENTS IN MILLIMETRES. 3 ) : 4023 4024 Head and body ... et 80 68 Tail ee BoP 100 85 Fore limb ce ae 33 25 Hind limb (to articulation) ... 43 37 JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. REREATS AOR a 78) SSS hs © SSS se, eters 1. 2. GYMNODACTYLUS CONDORENSIS. 3. GONATODES GLAUCUS. bo EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Gymnodactylus condorensis. (No. 4023). : 5 (No. 4030). Gonatodes glaucus (No. 4032). REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS COLLECTED ON PULO CONDORE. 95 Gonatodes glaucus, sp. nov. Snout long and rounded, longer than the distance between the éye and the ear-opening; ear-opening vertically oval, about half the diameter of the eye; head covered with small granules, those on the snout keeled, and larger than those on the back of the head. Rostral large, twice as broad as high, with a median cleft above ; nostril bordered anteriorly by the rostral, a supranasal and the Ist labial; 8-10 upper and 7-8 lower labials; mental very large, triangular, with a small azygos shield at its apex; two pairs of chin-shields, first much larger than second. Body above covered with small granules, and with enlarged tubercles on the back arranged in about ten fairly regular longitudinal series; an oblique series of tubercles passing backwards and inwards from above the tympanum, and another series parallel to it in front of the shoulder. Ventral scales cycloid, imbricate, smooth. No femoral or preanal pores ; a series of slightly enlarged scales along the underside of each thigh. Tail cylindrical, suddenly constricted* after the postanal swelling; a paired series of enlarged pointed tubercles above on either side of a median groove, and enlarged transverse plates below which ecom- mence at the constriction. Limbs long, covered with small granular scales above; a series of 6-7 very large transverse scales beneath the tibia ; digits long and slender, the basal portion not dilated, with enlarged, transverse scales below. The hind limb reaches the neck. Grey above, with large black spots on the neck and shoulders, and sometimes a few, less distinct, on the back; the enlarged series of tubercles on the neck and body, whitish; below greyish-white. I cannot discover any close ally to this new species. The possession of enlarged plates beneath the tibia appears to be unique in the genus. 49 specimens examined. Type series, 4032, 4033, 4043, 4047, 4062, 4068, 4071, 4079. *The constriction I at first regarded as due to a reproduced tail, but as it is present in every example, I presume the character to be normal. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. 96 DR. MALCOLM SMITH ON MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETRES. 3 2 4044 4067 Head and body ihe si 64 60 Tail ae ee 72 86 Hpre ae to articulation “" an 26 Hind limb ase 43 40 Gecko verticillatus Laurent. 2 specimens. Calotes versicolor (Daud.). 1 specimen. Lygosoma olivaceum (Gray). , 1 adult, No. 4019. 28. scales round the body, dorsals feebly 5-earinate. Barbour is in error in stating (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xliv. (1), Nov. 1912) that the type locality of this species is on the coast of Indo-China. Prince of Wales Island referred to by Gray is no doubt the Island of Penang, by which name it was at that time known. Tropidonotus piscator (Schneid.). Adult ¢, No, 4013. ‘Scaie rows; 19. 17: v. 142.;'c 28 ¢aal docked). Olive brown, with black spots arranged quincuncially. Ventrals edged with black. Holarchus* cyclurus (Dum. & Bib.). 2 examples. Ad. 3, No. 4015. Ttl. length, 690, tail, 140. Scale rows, 21. 19. 17. 15., v. 167., « 54. Brown above, the edges of some of the scales coloured black so as to form an indistinct network. Head uniform brown; belly white. | Juv. 5, No. 4016. Seale rows, 19. 21. 19. 17. 15., v., 166., ce. 58. Colour as in the adult, but the black network quite distinct, and the usual generic markings present on the head and nape. Holarchus violaceus (Cant.). No. 4017. Ttl. length, 430; tail, 60. Scale rows, 17. 15; v. 171, c. 36. Reddish-brown above, with 37 narrow black bars on the *The generic name Simotes is preoccupied fur a group of Mammals. Stejneger, Herpet. Japan, p. 353 (1907). JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS COLLECTED ON PULO CONDORE. 97 body, and 6 on the tail. Belly powdered with grey in the posterior half, with a tendency to form quadrangular spots at the sides of the ventral scales. Head uniform brown. Tail white below. Dryophis prasinus Boie. Ad. 2, No. 4011. Hf. gr. 3, No. 4012. The female appears to be the largest on record. It measures 1970 mm. in total length, tail 670. Seale rows, 15. 13., v. 219., c. 166. ; oe Vow leave 220s eh iG: Colour of both. Leaf green above, paler below; tip of tail, buff. Chrysopelea ornata (Shaw). Hf. gr. No. 4014. Seale rows, 17. 15. 13., v. 234., c. 138. Colour as in Siamese examples, Boulenger’s form D. BATRACHIANS. Oxyglossus laevis martensii (Peters). 3 examples. Nos. 4091, Dialed: Agree entirely with examples from Siam. Rana erythrea (Schleg.). 1 example. No. 4020. Bufo melanosticus Schneid. 2 examples. Nos. 4021, 4022. VOL. 1V, NO. 2, 1920. 99 ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF MAMMALS FROM CAMBODIA. By C. Bopren K1oss, F.z.s. In 1918 Dr. Malcolm Smith’s reptile collectors spent the greater part of December in Cambodia: they brought back, as usual, some well prepared mammal skins which have been referred _to me for determination. The mammals of Cambodia have been so little investigated that the specimens, though few, are worth putting on record: amongst them is what appears to be a new race of striped squirrel (Tamiops ). The collectors seem first to have visited Pak Kong, i.e., the mouth of the Kong river. This, apparently, is about ten miles north of Koh Kong (the Island of Kong) and only five or six miles beyond Ok Yam, the most southerly place I collected at in 1914 (vide P. Z.S. 1916, p. 28 and map, pl. 1). They next went to “Koh Kape” (Island of Kape): this I am unable to discover, but the label on the only specimen preserved states that it is near Koh Kong. Thence they sailed southwards to Sré Umbel (which will be found on any decent map of Cambodia), and proceeding up-river, directly northwards for about twenty miles, stopped at Kompong Som. Afterwards they visited Kompong Som Bon: I cannot trace this place but it cannot be far from Kompong Som. The collection was, therefore, made in the lowlands of the Cambodian coast region. 1. Tupaia glis cambodiana Kloss. Tupaia glis cambodiana Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ITI, 1919, p. 357 (Klong Yai, 8.H. Siam). Tupaia concolor Kloss (nec Bonh.), P.Z.S. 1916, p. 36. 1 d ad. 1 2 ad., Kompong Som Bon, near Sré Umbel, S.W. Cambodia. 21st-23rd Dec. 1918 [Nos 2715, 6/CBK.]. Dr. Malcolm Smiths’s collector. This race is more like T. g. belangeri from S. E. and S. W. Siam than 7. g. concolor of S. Annam, differing from it in rather richer colour and less developed neck-stripes. It is much more warmly coloured than 7. g. concolor in which the neck-stripes are practically obsolete. VOL. IV, NO, 2, 1920. 100 MR. C. BODEN KLOSS ON These two specimens have a rather more pronounced buffy eye-ring than the original series from the southern extremity of S. E. Siam. 2. Ratufa melanopepla leucogenys Kloss. Ratufu melanopepla leucogenys Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 43 (vicinity of Krat, S. E Siam); id., Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, II, 1916 —7, pp. 15, 306. Sciurus javensis Gray (nec Schreber), P. Z. 8,, 1861, p. 137. 12 ad., 12 vixad., Kompong Som, near Sré Umbel, S. W. | Cambodia, 13th December 1918 [ Nos. 2717, 8/CBK. ]. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. In colour the adult exactly agrees with a paratype: the younger animal is rather more ochraceous on the fore-limbs and under parts, and there is no pronounced extension of buff over the upper surface of the hind foot which is merely slightly grizzled. 3. Sciurus ferrugineus cinnamomeus Temm. Sciurus cinnamomeus Temminck, Esquisses Zool. Guiné, 1853, p. 250 (Cambodia). Sciurus splendens Gray, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 137, (Cambodia). Sciurus ferrugineus cinnamomeus Kloss, P. Z. 8., 1916, p. 45. 33 ad., Pak Kong, near Koh Kong, S. W. Cambodia, 3rd Dec. 1918 [ Nos. 2719 — 21/CBK.] 1 2 vixad., Koh Kape near Koh Kong, 7th Dec. 1918 [No. 2722 CBK.]. Dr Malcolm Smith’s collector. These represent Gray’s var. 2, and do not differ from the majority of the specimens I obtained in S, E, Siam. Of Scrwrus cinnamomeus Temminck wrote “ Patrie, La Péninsule de Malacca, > dans les environs de Cambodge”. No red squirrel oceurs in the Malay Peninsula: the type locality is therefore Cambodia. 4. Menetes berdmorei mouhoti (Gray). Sciurus mouhotti, Gray, P.Z.S., 1861, p. 1836 (Cambodia). Menetes berdmoreit mouhoti, Kloss, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, PETS 1919, spi ore. 1 ¢ ad., Kompong Som, near Sré Umbel, S. W. Cambodia, 16th Dec. 1918 [No. 2725/CBK.]. Dr Malcolm Smith’s collector. No median dark dorsal stripe and the lateral ones barely in- JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. A SMALL COLLECTION OF MAMMALS FROM CAMBODIA. 101 dicated; pale stripes buffy, sides between them a grizzle of black and brown; under parts white suffused with buffy, strongly on abdomen and thighs. Practically a topotype. 5. Tamiops macclellandi dolphoides, subsp. nov. 2 2 ad., Kompong Som Bon, near Sré Umbel, S.W. Cambodia, 21st Dec. 1918 [Nos 2723, 4/CBK.]. Dr Malcolm Smith’s collector. Like Z. m. rodolphi (A. M.-Edw.) of Eastern Cochin-China but paler, less richly coloured throughout except for the tail which is similar. The upper parts, including the yellow stripes, less suffused with ochraceous or tawny, the hands and feet paler buff. Under parts and inner sides of limbs antimony-yellow instead of ochraceous- orange: lips and chin whitish buff. The interruption across the shoulders of the outer pair of pale stripes distinguishes this animal from the form occurring in South Eastern Siam.* Type. No. 2723/CBK. ; I have ventured to name these examples, though they may only represent a seasonal colour phase of 7. m. rodolphi; but I do not think that animals from so far south in the Indo-Chinese Penin- sula undergo such a change of colour. 6. Rattus rajah finis Kloss. Epimys surifer finis Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 51 (Klong Menao, S. E Siam). 1d ad., 1 ¢ vizad., Kompong Som, near Sré Umbel, S. W. Cambodia, 16—18th Dec. 1918 Nos. 2726, 7, 9/ CBK.]. 1 ¢ ad., Kompong Som Bon, near Sré Umbel, 23rd Dec. 1918 [ No. 2728/CBK.]. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Typical specimens of this race of clay-backed white-bellied forest rat. *Tamiops macclellandi liantis Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, I1I, p. 370. Dec. 1919 (Satrbip, near Cape Liant). Tamiops lylei Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist (9), V, p. 307. March 1920 (Sea-coast, 50 miles south of Bangkok). NAOT Vie NOSE 2 920° 102 A SMALL COLLECTION OF MAMMALS FROM CAMBODIA. 7. Tragulus kanchil affinis Gray. Tragulus affinis Gray, P.Z.S , 1861, p. 138 Cambodia. Tragulus kanchil affinis, Kloss, P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 63. 1 2 ad., Kompong Som, near Sré Umbel, S. W. Cambodia. 16th Dec. 1918. [No. 2730/CBK.]. Dr. Malcolm Smith’s collector. Head and body, 400; tail, 65; hindfoot, cu. 112; ear, 34. Skull: greatest length, 92; greatest breadth 45 mm. / Practically a topotype. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. 103 TWO NEW RACES OF SCIURUS FINLAYSONI BY C. Bopren Koss, F. Z. S. _ Examination of a series of “white” squirrels from practi- cally the type locality of Sciwrus finlaysona tachardi (Robinson), which the collector of the type, Mr. T. H. Lyle, c.m.c., informs me is in North Siam on the Nam Nan, some 30 miles north-east up river from Utaradit, towards the mouth of the Nam Pat, convinces me that at some period, or season, this race assumes a wholly or partial bay pelage. Animals which do not undergo this change must be regarded as distinct subspecies and I recognise the following additional continental forms :— 1. Sciurus finlaysoni prachin, subsp. nov. Sciurus finlaysonit, Kloss, Journ. N. H. 8. Siam, IL, pp. 16 30 (1916). Pelage always rich creamy: only the concealed bases of the hairs grey. Type. Adult male from Krabin, Central Siam, obtained by Messrs. E. G. Herbert and Malcolm Smith’s collectors on 11 Nov. 1915. No. 2048/CBK. Specimens examined. Five from the type locality and one from Chanteuk, Eastern Siam. For measurements (external dimensions taken by native collector) and further details see reference cited above. 2. Sciurus finlaysoni rajasima, subsp. nov. Sciurus finlaysoni finlaysoni, Kloss, Journ. N.H.S. Siam I, 1915, p. 225 (Lopburi). Sciurus finlaysoni, id. op. cit., If, 1916, pp. 83, 87,(Pak Jong). Se. finlaysoni tachardi, id. op. cit., ITI, 1919, pp. 368, 401, (Lat Bua Kao). Pelage creamy but with the grey basal portions of the hairs so increased that the general appearance on the upper surface of head, body and limbs is often that of a greyish animal with cream-tipped hairs. Type. Adult female from Lat Bua Kao, E. Siam, collected by C. Boden Kloss on 10 October, 1916. No 2132/CBK. 1 Callosciurus finlaysoni-tachardi Robinson, Journ, F. M. 8. Maus., VII, p. 36 (1916). VOL ING NOR 25. LO20% 104 TWO NEW RACES OF SCIURUS FINLAYSONI Specimens examined. Fifteen from the type locality, one from Pak Jong, E. Siam, and two from Lopburi, Central Siam. For measurements and further details see references cited above. The relationships of many Indo-Chinese squirrels are very difficult to trace. S. f. prachin is only a large mainland form of the little island race S. f. finlaysoni which perhaps, through S. f. rajasima, is ~ doubly linked up with the small greyish grizzled island animals S. f. folletti and S. f. trottert which certainly belong to the species. Through the last of these there may be connection with the large black S. albivewilli, with white-tipped tail, of Koh Kut; and thence to the wholly black animals, the large S. now of the mainland and the little S. germaina of Pulo Condore. Still further the coloured phase of tachardi may show that the ferrwgineus group of squirrels are only really races of finlaysont. JOURN. NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM, MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 105 No. I. A Habitat of Schomburgk’s Deer (Cervus schomburyh?). In a paper by Major E. Seidenfaden in Volume XIII of the Journal of the Siam Society, the following passage occurs (Part 3 May 1920, pp. 49, 50) :-— “In 1919 I met several hunters from Amphé Pu Kio (now called Pak Bang) who told me that a tribe called Kha Dong Liiang (the withered leaves’ savages) or Kha Tam Bang (the savages who can make themselves invisible) lived in the jungle on the slopes of the big Pu Kio mountain, which to the west separates Ampho Pak Bang from the Petchabun changvad. These Kha are under middle height, well built, but very dark hued; their hair is lank and straight as that of mongoloid races, not curly as that of negroids; both sexes go entirely naked; they do not construct houses but live under some hastily erected leaf shelters like the Semang; and they leave these shelters, after some few days (hence the name Kha Dong Litang). Their only weapon is a sort of weoden javelin, the point of which is hardened in fire; they are courageous and able hunters and chase and kill both the one-horned and the two-horned rhinoceros (Kaso), the sladang or Kating ox, deer and wild pigs and that rare animal, Schoumburgk’s deer, which is living just in this. region.” 2 P This locality is either within, or very near, the area to which Mr. P. R. Kemp considers Cervus schomburgki to be restricted (Journ, N. H. S. Siam III, p. 7), and helps us towards a more definite knowledge of its habitat. The Journal of the Siam Society is not commonly consulted by zoologists, and the passage is of sufficient interest to have their attention called to it. C. BopDEN Koss. December, 1920. “No. If. The status of the Burmese House-Crow t+ (Corvus splendens tnsolens) asa Siamese Bird. Oates, in writing of C. isolens [Handbook Birds Brit. Burmah (1883) I, p. 399], remarks that “It has been sent from Siam, where it is probably abundant; and Dr. Tiraud states that this species is the common House-Crow of Cochin China.” The same author [Fauna Brit. India, Birds I (1889), p. 21] observes that «This species extends into Siam and Cochin China.” The next reference which I can trace is that of Gyldenstolpe [Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand., Band 50, No. 8. (1913), p. 18] who says of Corvus insolens:—< Very common in Bangkok and its ViO luv One 2nLo20. 106 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. neighbourhood, but I failed to observe it in Northern Siam, though it possibly occurs round the towns and villages with the Jungle- Crow. In real jungles, however, it is always replaced by Corvus macrorhynchus Wag.” Gyldenstolpe was, of course, in error in stating that this bird is very common in Bangkok and its neighbourhood, as I pointed out in Part I of my Paper on the Birds of Bangkok in the Journal of this Society, Vol. I, No. 2, page 76 (1914). T remarked then that I had never seen the bird here. Finally, Gyldenstolpe in “A Nominal List of the Birds at present known to inhabit Siam” (Ibis, 1920, p. 448), observes :— “In the British Museum (Natural History) there is a specimen collected by Mouhot in Siam. Also observed in Bangkok by the present author.” Some years ago Mr. K. G. Gairdner informed me that he had seen this bird at Petchaburi, a town about 150 km. south-west of Bangkok on the Southern line of railway, and the Rev. Lucius C. Bulkley, of Petchaburi, states (in a letter just received) that he has always understood that the Burmese House-Crow was found at Ratburi — 101 km. west of Bangkok, on the same line. Both these towns are in the Province of Rajaburi. I am not aware of the locality where Mouhot obtained his specimen, but as he spent four months in Petchaburi Province in 1860, it may well be that he procured it there. In the Bangkok Museum there are two mounted specimens, in an excellent state of preservation, with a label giving the Latin and English names, but no date—the handwriting being said to be that of the late Dr. E. Haase, Scientific Director of the Museum, who died in Bangkok in 1894. The taxidermist of the Museum, Khun Bamrung (au u173), informs me that he himself shot the birds at Pran, in 8S. E. Siam, 235 km. from Bangkok on the Southern line, and about 85 km. south of Petchaburi. The year, he states emphatically, was that of the “trouble with the French,” we, 1893, when a French Inspector of Police was shot on the Mekong, and two French gunboats forced the passage of the Menam Chao Phya (the river on which Bangkok stands) after a skirmish with the forts at the mouth of the‘river. This date coincides well with that of the death of Dr. Haase, who was succeeded at the Museum by Capt. Stanley S. Flower. The position appears, therefore, to be that three authentic Siamese specimens of the Burmese House-Crow are on record—. one obtained by Mouhot about the year 1860, now in the British Museum in London, and two collected by Khun Bamrung, the taxidermist of the Bangkok Museum about the year 1893, and still JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM. MISCELLANEOUS. NOTES. 107 in that institution, mounted and exhibited in a case. I have handled these specimens. Certain it is that the bird is now very rare in Siam, and has not been procured by any recent collector. Pran, the place where the two specimens in the Bangkok Museum were procured, is only 19 km. south of Nong Kae, on the same line, where I collected for a week in December 1917 without seeing a sign of this bird. The Siamese name for the Burmese Jungle-Crow (Corvus coronoides andamanensis)* is Ka (m1), while they know the Bur- mese House-Crow -as Kae (in) sheen words being, of course, onomatopeeic, as are so many Siamese names of birds. Nong Kae (wuaaun) the place mentioned above, means “ The swamp of the Kaes”, so the bird must have been found there once. W. J. F. WILLIAMSON, Deceinber, 1920. CORRIGENDUM. — P. 106, line 23. For Petchaburi Province read Petchaburi district * In adopting Beavan’s name I follow Stuart Baker in his “ Hand-List of the Birds of India”—Journ. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc., xxvii No, 2 (1920), p. 230. It is to be noted, however, that Gyldenstolpe (Ibis, 1920, p. 448), has accepted the name given by Stresemann (C. c. hainanus) as applying to the Siamese form. In its wide sense the bird is, of course, C macrorhyn- chus auct. VOL. IV, NO. 2, 1920. CONTENTS. ' On PLANTS FROM SouTH ANNAM. By Messrs. Baker, Moore, Rendle, Ridley and Wernham ~ REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LAO Country. By Major F. C. Fraser, 14.8. With a Plate ... SomE UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. By N. D. Riley, F.ZS8, FES. and H. J. Godfrey, B.Sc. F.E.S. With 4 Plates A New Race or NUTMEG-PIGEON FROM PULO ConDorRE. By C. Boden Kloss, M.B.0.U., C.F.A.0.U. A New Name For THE FroG Ranw pullus. By Malcolm A. Smith, F.Z.8. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :— I—The Burmese House-Crow (Corvus splendeins insolens) at Petchaburi. By Lucius C. Bulkley. Il—The Giant Ibis (Thawmatibis gigantea) in Cambodia. By W. J. F. Williamson, M.B.0.U. IiJ.—Earth Snake Eating a Grass Snake. By Malcolm Smith. IV.—Curious Fishing Ceremony on the Upper Mekong. By A. H. Duke. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR 1920 ... List oF MEMBERS ON OcToBER 31, 1921. PAGE, 109 161 THE JOURNAL OF THE fatural History Society of Siam. Volume’ IV. Bangkok. Number 3. ON PLANTS FROM SOUTH ANNAM Be oe Messrs, E, G. Baker, S. Moors, A. B. RENDLE, H. N. RipLey AND H. F. WERNHAM. | With an introduction by the collector, Mr. C. Bopen Kross. PREFACE BY Dr. A. B. Renpie, F. R. 8. The collection of plants made by Mr. C. Boden Kloss, in the South-east corner of Annam, in March, April and May, 1918, has been determined by membees of the Department of Botany, British Museum (where the specimens are preserved), and Mr. Ridley.. Mr. Kloss has supplied an account of the localities in which the plants were collected, mainly the highlands of the Langbian province; and also records of colour 1, which are printed between inverted commas. The collection presented by Mr. Boden Kloss to the Natural History Museum comprises 151 species of flowering plants, including one Gymnosperm, Dacrydiwin clutum, and 4 Cryptogams, There are 60 Monocotyledons, 33 of which are Orchids, and among these are a new genus, Zetagyne, near Pholidota; six new species and a new variety. ‘Three of the six members sent, in the family Zingiberacewe, are also new species; and there is a new Smilax. Of the 131 Dicotyledons the best represented families are Rubiacee, 13 species, and Composite, 20 species, with six new species in each. Altogether there are 39 new species, including two new genera and 4 new varieties. The majority of the novelties come from the 1 Omitted by Mr, Moore, 110 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM. Langbian Plateau, at altitudes of from 5,000 ft. (at Dalat) to 7,500 ft. (Langbian Peaks); a few were collected on the Dran Plateau at 3—4,000 ft. Cyclacanthus, a new genus of Acanthacezs comes from the coastal plain at Tour Cham, where also was collected a new Aselepiad, Joxocarpus Klossiv. Including the 43 novelties the endemic forms number 54, or thirty per cent of the whole; several are Orchids previously collected in the same locality by Micholitz. Sixteen species were previously known from Cambodia, Siam, or some other part of the Burmese Peninsula; the Zingiberaceous genus Geostachys, hitherte known only from the Malay Peninsula, is extended in distribution by the new species G. annamensis. ‘Twelve species are Himalayan, and a similar number Indian, extending in a few cases to further India and the Malay Peninsula. Thirty-two species, or about one-sixth of the whole, are Indo-Malayan, and 4 are Malayan. LHriocaulon Hovkerianwm has hitherto been found only in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. ‘lwenty-four per cent of the whole are more widely distributed tropical or sub-tropical species, including, as for instance among the Composite, a number of common tropical weeds. The Cryptogams include a new species of fern, Adiantum Klossii. INTRODUCTION BY C. BopeN KOSS, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. During the spring of 1918 I spent some time in South Annam, French Indo-China, and though not primarily concerning myself with plants, sueceeded, in the intervals of other collecting pursuits, in bringing together the material dealt with below. My visit, in company with Dr. Malcolm Smith, was made during the second half of the dry season which is not the best time for gather- ing botanical specimens, as in some of the districts where our camps were made vegetation was much dried up. When I came away towards the end of May the rains had just started; the country was beginning to look greener and many plants were showing signs of budding: this time would apparently be the best for a botanist’s visit to commence; he would not experience the pleasantest JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC. SIAM. ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 111 weather, which is during the cool season, but would probably enjoy the most favourable conditions for furthering his objects. The collection secured contains practically all the species in flower that I met with round our camps, and was made between Phanrang, on the coast of South Annam in Lat. 11° 35’ N., and the Langbian Peaks, 7,500 ft. (in the hill province of Langbian which contains almost all the southern extremity of the Annamite moun- tain chain), distant from Phanrang about fifty miles in a NW i N direction. The places from which specimens came are :— 1. Tour CxHam, Phanrang Province: on the coastal plain four miles from Phanrang. The country in the neighbourhood is covered with short grass and scattered thorny bushes, many with succulent leaves: it has a superficial resemblance to much South African scenery and is very sterile except where irrigated for rice. (Specimens collected in March and May). 2. Dapan, Phanrang Province: about thirty miles NW 5 N from Tour Cham. Situated within the lower spurs of the mountain range at a height of 650 ft. The locality is mainly clothed with forest, tropical, but very different from dense equatorial jungle owing to the scantiness of undergrowth and the absence of parasitic plants and lianas: very dry except along the banks of the Kronfa river and largely very rocky. In March while I was sojourning there the prevailing tints of the foliage were yellow and pink and the ground was covered with dry leaves; but in May, when I passed by again, all the vegetation had become a beautiful fresh green. (Specimens collected in March). 3. Dran, Langbian Province; about twelve miles from Daban and up in the mountains at 3,000 ft. on a broad shelf or plateau through which the Da Nhim (river) runs to join the Donai. The first pines were seen at 2,700 ft., and at 3,000 ft. and higher they predominate in grass-land, though green and denser non- coniferous forest also occurs. The pine-woods consist principally of Pinus Khasya witha small proportion of Pinus Merkusi and a few solitary trees of Thwya sp.; corky-barked oaks grow also among VOL, IV, NO. 3, 1921. 112 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM. the pines on the ridges and afford support to the common scarlet and white orchid, ¢( Dendrobium draconis ), at 4,000 ft. and higher. Some of the plants obtained round Dran came from swampy spots; some others were collected along the road-side, and of these part have probably been brought up through the construction of the road which is now being made from Daban. (Specimens collected in March and May). 4. ARBRE Broye, 5,400 ft, and Le Bosquet, 5,200 ft., Langbian Province, are on the way from Dran to Dalat; the route is mainly through pine-forest and grass-land though there are some stretches of leafy jungle also. A few plants were obtained during the journey out and back in March and May. At the latter time a good many things not noticed on the way up were in flower between these two places, no doubt the result of recent rain; at Arbre Broyé [ saw on a tree a charming white clematis with a brown and yellow centre. No collecting could be done as my supply of paper had come to an end. | 5. Lian KHANH, Gou Gan, Tampor, and TAMBOU are all between Dalat and Dsirine, 3,000 ft., about thirty five miles to the south-west of the former. A flying visit was paid to Djiring in April: the route runs over slightly undulating country, between 2,700 and 3,200 ft. in height, through various kinds of forest, scrub and grass-land. 6. Datar, 5,000 ft., in Langbian Province, is about twenty-one miles N, W. of Dran. It is situated near the south-western edge of the Langbian Plateau, the centre of which is an undulating area of treeless grass-land surrounded by pine and oak forest with under- growth of grass and bracken: there are also some patches of mixed forest. The open country is about eight miles by five in extent and at the New Year the grass, then three or four feet high, is regularly burnt by the Moi (as the Indonesian inhabitants of the hills are called by the Chinese Annamites). This burning, which spreads to the forests also, destroys all seedling trees and is probably the cause of the open area, though now the indigenous population in the immediate neighbourhood is very small. (Specimens collected in April and May). \ JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 113 7. LANGBIAN PEAKS, 7,500 ft., situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Plateau. The massif is roughly crescentic in form, and the hollow side, facing Dalat, is clothed below the central and higher summits with mixed forest, very open beneath, which be- comes small and dense near the ‘ridges and on the two highest peaks, which are adjacent to each other. The eastern ridges are covered with oaks, while pines and grass-land predominate on the outer slopes and on the western arm of the range. I met in this locality only one species of Rhododendron and one very unornamental Begonia (B. langbianensis Bak. fil., sp. nov.); but, unfortunately neither was in flower. (Specimens collected in April). The flora was largely new to me, and as I am no botanist but took practically everything I saw in blossom at each place during the periods of my visits, I shall not attempt to record the occurrence at the various collecting stations of species not in flower. Ferns were very scarce. The temperatures experienced varied from 65° F. in the early mornings and over 90° in the shade in the afternoons at Tour Cham and Daban to about 52° at sunrise and 65° on dull afternoons in our camp at 6,000 ft. on the Langbian Peaks. The weather was very dry until the third week in April, but subsequently a good deal of rain fell in the hills after midday. The rainy season at Dalat is from April to October and _ this is also the period of most equable temperature. The dry season lasts from mid-November to mid-April, and though the nights are considerably colder than in summer, the days, on the other hand, are . hotter. In February three or four degrees of frost sometimes occur, and in that month and March the diurnal range of temperature may be between 30° and 90° F., whereas in August and September it is between 50° and 80. ‘The winter season is much the pleasanter time for a visit.* *For another account of my visit, with a sketch map showing route and localities, and plats of scenery and vegetation, see “Ibis”, July 1919, pp. 392-402, text-figure 3, pls. VII-IX. Note that the upper iilustrations on pls. VII and VIII have been misplaced: the upper picture on pl. VIII goes with the upper legend on pl. VII, while the upper picture on pl. VII is a photograph of the Langbian Peaks and Plateau. VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 114 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY, AND WERNHAM. The general aspect of the Langbian hill region is probably very like that of the Shan States. The pine woods which extend to fifteen or twenty miles south of Djiring belong to the most southerly forests of this kind in continental Asia. It is sometimes stated, even as recently as 1913 (cf., Groom and Rushton in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., XLI, pp. 458,484), that Pinus occurs in the Malay Peninsula. This is not known to be the case even if we consider this peninsula to commence, as we must if we want to be accurate, at the head of the Gulf of Siam, i.e., in lat. Nias 0: | Pines are not recorded from Mt. Nwalabo near Tavoy in Southern Tenasserim and are therefore unlikely to occur on Mt. Myengmolekhat, 6,800 ft., a little further south and just within the peninsular area. The species of Pinus and their distribution in Southern Indo-China and the adjacent archipelago are :— Pinus Khasya North Tenasserim (Martaban); North Siam (Chiengmai District) ; Annam. Pinus Merkusii North Tenasserim (Martaban; Salwin and Thoungyin rivers); North Siam (Chiengmai district) ; Annam ; Cochin China ;* Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro); South-eastern Borneo ; North Sumatra. Pinus insularis Philippines (Luzon); Timor. Under the circumstances the absence of Pinus from Java is remarkable. MONOCOTYLEDONS. ORCHIDACEAE BY H. N. Rivuey, C. M. G.; F. B.S. 1, DENDROBIUM SECUNDUM Wall. Dran, 3-4,000 ft. “Crimson with orange lip, no leaves.” Distrib. Cochin China, Martaban, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. *Not indigenous ; but introduced from Annam. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM. ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 115 2. DeNDROBIUM WILLIAMSONI Day & Rchb. fil. Langbian Peaks, 6000 ft. “ Whitish to pale yellow, lip streak- ed scarlet, top of throat carmine.” Dalat, 5000 ft. « Flowers yellow, hairy part of lip and base of hood blood-red, 2 to 4 flowers in a cluster.” Distrib. Assam, Khasiya. 3. DENDROBIUM DRACONIS Rehb. fil. Dran, 3-4,000 ft. “ Flowers white, lips striped vermilion be- coming yellowish in front.” Flowers in clusters of 2-6. Distrib. Tenasserim, Siam, Cochin China. 4. DenpRoBIUM PiERARDI Roxb. Dran, 3-4,000 ft. “Sepals white faintly tinged green and tipped faint crimson. Petals white faintly tinged green. Lip pale yellowish green, throat streaked with purple.” Distrib. Himalayas, Bengal south to Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. 5 CIRRHOPETALUM MACULOSUM Lindl. Langbian Peaks at 6,000 and 6,500 ft. «Dull greenish yellow spotted brown to dull pale crimson, greenish slightly marked with reddish brown.” i Distrib. Nepal, Kumaon, Sikkim. 6. IONE ANNAMENSIS Ridl., sp. nov. Rhizoma validulum, pseudobulbis remotis curvis conicis flavis rugulosis (in sicca) 2.5 cm. longis 1 cm. latis ad bases. Foliwm lineari-lanceo-laterae coriaceum obtusum minute bilobum, basi in petiolo 1 cm. longo attenuatum, 12 cm. longum, 1-5 em. latum. Scapus gracilis 30 cm. longus, vaginis ad 6, remotis 3 cm. longis. Racemus 6 cm. longus floribus nutantibus 6. Bracteae lanceolatae subscariosae 1 cm, longae appressae. Pedicella graciles 1.5 cm. longi. Sepalum pasticum ovatum obtusum 1.2 cm. longum 7 min, latum, lateralia angustiora sublanceolata aequilonga basi connata, Petala ovata obtusa minute denticulata 3-nervia multo breviora. Labellwm carnosum basi cymbiforme, apice crasso minute papilloso, 8mm. longum, kermesinum marginibus ad basinvidetur viridulum ; callo ad basin transverso cornubus 2 minutis. Columna VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 116 “MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM. flava sepalo postico adnata, stelidiis parvis augustis recurvis. Pollinia globosa. Capsulu obconica 1 em. longa. Langbian Peaks, 6,000-7,500 ft. «Dull pale green to dull pale crimson streaked dark crimson.” Allied to I. paleacea Lindl., of the Himalayas, but with shorter sepals and petals, and shorter lip with upceurved sides and a very different callus at the base. ; 7. ERIA PANICULATA Lindl. Langbian Peaks, 6,500 ft. “Greenish and yellowish white blotched with crimson.” This form differs from typical EH. pani- culate in its long narrow lanceolate subulate bracts .7 mm. long. Distrib. Sikkim, Assam. var, ANGUSTIFOLIA Ridl. var. noy. Caulis. llem. longus, foliis carnosioribus angustioribus 14cm. longis 3 mm. latis. Racemus ut in typo sed callis in labello multo longioribus. Dalat 5,000 ft. “Flowers pinkish crimson white.” A somewhat similar form but more intermediate between this and the last was collected in Laos by Micholitz; the very narrow stiff leaves, and the stronger developed calli on the lip, which is purple in the centre of the terminal lobe, are distinguishing marks. 8. ERIA GLOBIFERA Rolfe. Langbian Peaks, 6,000 ft. “ Lip yellow streaked brownish, throat much streaked with crimson.” This specimen has remarkably large flowers, the sepals 3-5 cm. long, .5 mm. across. The type plant, however, with smaller flowers, came from the same locality. 9, ERia Nivosa Ridl., sp. nov. Caules lignosi 3-5 em. longi. Folia carnosa linearia 10 cm. longa 31mm. lata, canaliculata. Racemus terminalis 8 em. longus onnino albo-lanatus, floribus ad 6, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis, bracteis ovatis subequilongis. Sepalwm posticum oblongum obtusum .5 mm. longuin; lateralia triangularia aequilonga, .4 mm. lata, ad basin extus lanata intus glabra vel parce lanata. Petala linearia breviora obtusa sparse lanata; Labellwm carnosum oblanceolatum obtusum apice incrassata, in medio depresso, carina brevi in ungue, callo oblongo papilloso in medio, marginibus minute ciliatis; Colwmna JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 117 brevis; Anthera ovoidea breviter apiculata. Dalat, 5,000 ft. «Yellow; Lip crimson-brown, stem and buds and back of flower silvery to greenish.” Allied to Hria pannea Lindl, but with a longer stem, narrower leaves, more and smaller flowers and a quite different lip. 10. Eris ToMENTOSA Hook. fil. Dran, 3-4,000 ft. “Brown; bracts ochraceous.” rarius subsolitarii. Bracteae parvulae. | 171. CycLACANTHUS coccINEUS S. Moore,sp. unica. Rami sat validi cortice ochraceo obducti prominenter costati foliorum delapsoram cicatricibus prominulis hacataque illac minuti juveniles minutissime cinereo-pubescentes tandem glabrescentes. Folia brevipetiolata ovata apice basique obtusa membranacea supra * Gr. Kuklein, to bend, in allusion to the shape of the corolla. VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 154 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM glabra subtus secus nervos appresse pubescentia puberulave necnon microsc»pice pustulato-cystolithigera. Flores mediocres subsessiles. Bracteve lmeares uti inflorescentiae axis calyceoque dense glanduloso- pubescentes. Calycis segmenta acutiuscula. Corollae calycem facile superantis tubus extus puberulus. Stamina breviter exserta, ovarium oblongo-ovoideum fere glabrum. Stylws elongatus basi pilosulus. Tour Cham. / Leaves 2-3.5 x .1.3-1.8 em., when dry, dark above, greyish green below ; petioles up to 5 mm. long, minutely pubescent. Axis of the inflorescence reaching nearly 2 cm. in length, more often about 1-1.5 cm., sometimes only 5mm. long. Bracts about 2 mm. long. Bracteoles not seen. Calyx with segments 6 x .5 mm. Corolla 17 mm. long in the tube, at the base 2.5mm. wide, this soon reduced to 1.25 mm. hence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at the throat; upper lip 7mm. wide at the base, reduced to 1 mm. some distance below the top; lobes of lower lip apparently reflexed, or at least patent, 7x 6mm. Filaments flattened, glabrous, 9mm. long; anthers with oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long, cells. Disk fleshy, .65mm. high. Ovary 2.5 mm., style 2 em. long. This plant has given much trouble, as, while evidently closely allied to several genera, it cannot be included in one of them without enlarging already recognise boundaries. It was at first thought to be referable to Clinacanthus, but the two-celled anthers exclude it; then it appeared to fit in with Graptophyllwm; for although the inflorescence is not that of the well-known G@. pictum Griff (G. hortense Nees), the Australian G. Harlii F. Muell. has a very similar arrangement of its flowers. But Graptophyllum has, besides two stamens, a couple of staminodes, organs there is no sign of in the plant under notice, though it is undoubtedly its affinity. In the absence of staminodes it agrees with the Papuan Calycacanthus, but this genus» has quite a different corolla. 172. PERISTROPHE FERA var. INTERMEDIA Clarke. Daban, 650 ft. Distrib. Pegu, Tenasserim. JOURN. NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 155 APETALZ. By S. Moore. POLYGONACEA. 173. POLYGONUM CHINENSE L. Dran, 3,000—4,000 ft. Distrib. India, China, Japan, Malaya. 174. PoLyGonum srricosum R. Br. Dran, 3,000—4,000 ft. Distrib. Tndia, China, Malaya. PIPERACE. 175. PEPEROMIA REFLEXA Dietr. Langbian Peaks, 6,500—7,500 ft. Distrib. East Asia, Malaya, Australia, Africa, America. NEPENTHACE. 176. NEPENTHES ANNAMENSIS Macfarl. Lian Khanh Falls, 3,000 ft., and Dalat 5,000 ft. “In swampy grass-land. Pitchers yellow to green with crimson or pinkish spots.” The specimens have been compared with authentic material in the Kew Herbarium with which they seem to agree well, except that none of the pitchers have the ciliate wings sometimes found on those of N. annamensis. The latter's flowers and fruits were not seen by Macfarlane (Pflanzenreich, 36 Heft (IV.ili.) p.39.); the fruits, but not the flowers, can now be described ; they are borne in a rather close raceme about 6cm. in length on about 35cm. long peduncles, and are fusiform in shape, with oblong-lanceolate, trun- cate, glabrous, palely-shining, brown valves, varying in length from 12 to 15 mm. The above naming must obviously be regarded as provisional. Distrib. Annam. } EHLAHAGNACHA 177. ELAEAGNUS ANNAMENSIS S. Moors, sp. nov. Ramuli graciles subteretes brunneo-lepidoti mox glabrescentes. Folia petiolata obovato-oblonga obtusa vel obtusissima basi obtusa chartacea supra cito glabra leviterque nitidula subtus arcte brunneo- argenteo lepidota nervis lateralibus utrinque' 5-6 supra planis subtus VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 156 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM prominulis. Flores pedicellati axillaries solitarii vel pauci ramulos breves subumbellatim terminantes omnimodo arcte brunneo-argenteo- lepidoti. Perianthiwm inferne oblongo-ovoideum supra constric- tionem anguste campanulare lobis ovatis acutis tubum semiaequn- tibus. Filamenta antheris paullulum longiora basi annulo parum prominulo pubescente connexa. Fructus subovoideus fortasse fere exsiccus saltem in sicco anguste alateus arcte lepidotus. Langbian Peaks, 6,000 ft. Apparently a shrub with slender, leafy, brown branches. Leaves with the blade 5-7 x 3-4 cm., but sometimes smaller or. larger, green or grey-green above and at first covered with small scales which soon disappear, closely scurfy below; petioles usually about lcm. in length, closely scurfy. Pedicels slender, up to 12mm. in length, though often shorter. Perianth with the adherent portion at first only 2 x 1.5mm., but rapidly enlarging to 10 x 5 mm,; free portion (including the 4 x 3 mm. lobes) 12mm. long, 3mm. wide at the base, an1 6.5mm. under the limb; the lobes with fewer silvery scales on their inner than upon their outer face. Filaments 2mm. long; anthers broadly oblong, obtuse at either end, 1.5mm. long, Style shortly exserted, 1l mm. long. Frwit apparently not yet quite ripe, 15 x 7mm. In foliage this agrees with the widely diffused 2. latifolia L; the longer slender pedicels and the size and the shape of the perianth, both tube and limb, are, points of difference. LORANTHACE ZA. 178. LoranTaus (§ELYTRANTHE) DRANENSIS 8. Moore, sp. nov. Fruter scandens. Rami subteretes longitrorsum costati crassiusculi glabri. Folia opposita petiolata oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato-oblonga obtusa obtusis-simave basi rotundata costis lateralibus utrinque saltem 12 parum perspicius rete arcto sejunctio opacta coriacea glabra. Spicae 2-3-floree pedunculo brevi valido insidentes. Bracteae bracteolae que amplae calycem facile superantes ovato- oblongae obtusae vel apice rotundatie crassae glabrae. Caulycis tubus oblongo-ovoideus truncatus. Corolla ex bracteis longe eminens tubo incurvyo sursum gradatim dilatato quam lobi 6 anguste lineari- JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC, SIAM, ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. 157 lanceolat: acutiusculi longiore. Filamenta valida compressa -antheris linearibus acutis. Stigma subglobosun. — Dran, 3,000-4,000 ft. Branches pale-coloured, the oldest 5 mm., the younger 2— 3mm. wide. Leaves with a b'ade 8 5-12 em. long, at the middle 3.5-4 cm. broad, grey-green when dry; petioles stoutish, channelled above about 2em. long. Pedwncles, 5-7 mm. long, somewhat angular, 3 mm. across, after boiling. Bracts and bracteoles about 1 cm. in length, the former rugulose on the back, reddish brown. Calyx-twhe 41m. long. Corolla twbhe (anmoistened) about 38cm. long, 3mm. wide below, 5mm. near the top, pmk; lobes 2cm. long, purple at base, carmine above. Filaments (of bud) 7mm., anthers 5mm. long. Berry ovoid, 10 x 8mm., brown when ripe. L. albidus Bl. has similar foliage, but slenderer peduncles, smaller bracts and bracteoles and corollas unlike in several respects. BALANOPHORACEA 179. BALANOPHORA (DipHORA) ANNAMENSIS 8. Moore, sp. nov. Rhizoma sparsin lobatum omnimodo pustulis stellatis arcte indutum. Sywamaz pedunculi paucae imbricata ovatae vel ovato- obloigaz obtusae. Capitula magna dioica. Bracteae 3 oblongo-obo- voidexe triquetraz apice truncatae tuberculioque parvulis obsitae. Perianthiwm 4-5-lobum lobis oblongo-lanceolatis. Antherae 4—5 in columnam connatae loculis hippocrepiformibus. Flores 2 recep- taculo necnon spadicellorum ampulliformium stipiti crasso inserti, Ovariwm subsessile ovoideum in stylum loniorem desinens, Dalat, 5,000 ft.; Langbian Peaks, 6,000 ft. Rhizome up to 7 em. in thiekness, sometimes reduced to 3 em. ; pustules dull brown, nearly 3 mm. high and somethat more in diameter, each with several deep radiating grooves. Peduncle short, about 1-1.5 em. long and some 2 cm. broad ; the squamae coriaceous, brown, shining, 3-nearly 4 x 1.5-nearly 2 em. Receptacle 3 cylindrical, 8 x 4em. Perianth with flattened 10-14 x 1.5-2 mm. tube and 5 mm, long spreading lobes. Bracts 4—5 mm. wide, at the more or less quad- rangular top 38 x 38mm. Staminal column 6mm. long. Receptacle 2 VOL." lV, NOs 3, 1921. 158 MESSRS. BAKER, MOORE, RENDLE, RIDLEY AND WERNHAM obovoid-pyriform, 6 cm. long, 2.2 em, wide, below, 4 em. above. Syau- dicels on .75 mm. long stalks, the bedy twice as long. Ovary .4 mm. long; style barely 1 mm. j The material consists of two specimens, two male and two female, only the latter with the rhizome attached. Nevertheless they are considered to form but one species, and that although the receptacular bracts are broader in one case and a little differently marked on their truncate top; this, however, may perhaps be a matter of age. Besides the deeply furrowed pustules of the rhizome the chief marks of the species are the quadrangular tuberculate tops of the bracts, the bottle-shaped spadicels and the subsessile ovaries. SANTALACE.H. 180. PHACELLARIA TONKINENSIS Lecomte. Dran, 3,000-—4,000 ft. Agrees with the description in Bull. Mus. Nat. Paris, 1914, p. 399, except that the most advanced fruit, evidently not yet ripe, measures only 5mm. in length instead of 8-9 mm. Some doubt must therefore attend this determination, especially as M. Lecomte, with one exception, does not give floral measurements. Distrib. Tonkin. EHUPHORBIACE. 181. MELANTHESOPSIS FRUT:COSA Muell.-Arg. Tour Cham. Distrib. South China, Cochin-China, Borneo. 182. OsropEes Kerri Craib. Langbian Peaks, 5,000-6,000 ft. “A small tree. Flowers pinkish-white. Stamens pale yellow.’ Distrib, Siam. 183. HoMmonoIA RIPARIA Lour. Daban, 650 ft. Distrib. India, Malay Peninsula, and Malay Archipelago. URTICACE. 184. BoEHMERIA NIVEA Hook, & Arn. Dran, 3,000-4,0000 ft. JOURN. NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM. ON PLANTS FROM ANNM. 159 Distrib. East Asia. Malaya. JUGLANDACE. 185. ENGELHARDTIA SPICATA Bl. Langbian Peaks, 6,500 ft. Distrib. India, South China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. CASUARINACEZ. 186. CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L. Nhatrang. Distrib. India (chiefly cultivated) to Australia and Polynesia. GYMNOSPERMAE. TAX ACE. 187. DacryDiuM ELATUM Wall. Le Bosquet, 5,200 ft. Distrib. Malay Peninsula and Western Archipelago, Cochin China. CRYPTOGAMS BY A. GEPP. PTERIDOPHYTA. 188. ADIANTUM KLossIrI Gepp, sp. nova. Stipite c. 20 em. longo ad basin ramentaceo scabrove atropur- pureo nitido, ramis alternis superne pubescentibus; fronde 12-15 em: longa, 10-12 cm. lata, deltoideo-ovata tripinnata, pinnis infimis obscure pedatis; segmentis alternis subrotundatis sepe dimidiatis interdum late cuneatis, 8-10 mm. latis, margine externo crenulatis, papyraceis firmis glabris inferne glaucescentibus, haud deciduis; venulis flabellatim dispositis furcatis marginem cartilageneum at- tingentibus ; soris 3—5 parvis rotundatis contiguis vel confluentibus. Daban, 650 ft. ; An intermediate species allied to A. flabellulatwm in sori and pubescence but not in habit. It appears to differ from A. indwratwm Christ (Langbian) in its larger frond, pubescent petioles and less opaque segments, from A. Bonii Christ (Tonkin) in size, ramification, pubescence and sori, and from Copeland’s two Philippine species, A. cupreum and A. opacum, in its non-deciduous segments. 189. SELAGINELLA ATROVIRIDIS Spring. VOL, IV, NO. 3, 1921. 160 ON PLANTS FROM ANNAM. Dalat, 5,000 ft. Distrib, 8. India to Formoso. BRYOPHY DA. 190. PoGONATUM ALOIDES Brid. Langbian Peaks, 7,000 ft.; in pine and oak forest. Distrib. Europe, Asia, Africa. LICHENES. 191. Loparta PULMONARIA Hoffm. Langbian Peaks, 6,000 ft. Distrib. All temperate regions. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. 161 REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LAO COUNTRY. BY Masor F. C. Fraser, I. M. S. With a Plate. [ The dragonflies here listed were obtained by a native collector during a recent expedition to the north of Siam and adjacent portion of Indo-China, in the region drained by the upper reaches of the Mekong river. The party was badly handicapped for want of a capable and trained man in charge, and this explains the poor results obtained. The following localities are referred to in this paper. UTARADIT, in central Siam. ; None Nam Pi, Na Kram, Ban Siew, Pak Tau, CHET Ton, on the caravan route between Utaradit and Pak Lai. The road crosses arange of hills, the highest point of which is reached near Chet Ton, about 1800 feet altitude. Pak Lai or Pak Lay is in French Laos, on the Mekong river (Lat 18° 15’ N.). Ban Pak TunG on the Mekong, N. of Pak Lai. Ban MAnao, on the Mekong, N. of Saniaburi (Lat. 17. 50’ N.). Ban Nua, Ban Na AN, BANn Na Sao, to the E. of Saniabouri. From Hin Boon, to the south of this town, a caravan road runs N. E. to Vinh on the gulf of Tonkin. The route crosses a range of hills, and at its highest point is about 1,000 feet above sea level. The country there is described as “ high mountains, no jungle, but rocks and tall grass.” Eds. ]. The collection consists of 165 specimens and is only poorly representative of the rich Odonate fauna of the region visited. As proof of this, I need only mention that there is not a single species present of the large subfamily Gomphinae, and there are only 6 representa- tives of the whole of the suborder Zygoptera which form fully 50 per cent of the Odonate fauna of the region. It is obvious that the native collector passed over the smaller species as unworthy of collecting (there are only 2 specimens of Coenagrioninae), and for the rest he took those most calculated to attract his attention by reason of their striking colours or size. The Corduliinae, WOLS IV NOw as LO 21s 162 MAJOR F. C. FRASER ON Aeshninae, Gomphinae, Libellaginae (except for a specimen of Micromerus lineatus) are all unrepresented. 1, POTOMARCHA OBSCURA Ramb. A female from Na Kram, which is brightly coloured as in the wet season forms. 2. ORTHETRUM SABINA Drury. 2 males and a female from Ban Siew. 3. ORTHETRUM PRUINOSUM Burm. 1 female from Bang Pak Tung, and 2 males from Na Kram. 4, CROCORTHETRUM SMITHI, sp. nov. A single male from Chet Ton, Jan. 1, 1920. Length of hindwing 34 mm. Abdomen 28 mm. Head comparatively small; eyes moderately contiguous ; occi- pital plate large; frons flattened in front and shaped as two horse- shoe shaped areas separated by the suture which is deep. The eyes are blood red, paler below, the face dark ochreous and blood red on the frons and above, as is also the vesicle. Occiput dark reddish brown. Prothorax with a very large posterior lobe which is fringed with long hairs. Reddish brown. Thorax moderately robust, almost naked save on the front of dorsum, colour a golden, reddish brown. Legs reddish, distal ends of femora and tibiae black; hind femora with a row of short, robust, moderately closely set and gradually lengthening spines; mid femora with fewer but longer spines. Tarsal claws robust, situated nearest the apex. Abdomen dilated dorso-ventrally at the base, triquetral, taper- ing from base to apex, bright crimson without markings. Anal appendages reddish, the superior as long as the 9th abdominal segment, inferior shorter, excavate above at the base and with two minute points at the end, the rudiments of a fissure. Genital organs; lamina depressed, fringed with stiff, short, golden hairs. Its outer surface furnished with two long tufts of hair the ends of which are a little recurved; internal hamules blunt, strongly curved, converging hooks; external hamules small, flattened and not over lapping the lobe; lobe subquadrate, small. JOURN, NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, VOL. IV, PLATE 3. F. W. CAMPION PHOTO. Crocorthetrum smithi. DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LAO COUNTRY. 163 Wings hyaline, the extreme apical margin a little enfumed, the bases saffronated deeply in the forewing for about halfway to the 1st antenodal nervure, and in the hindwing to the Ist antenodal nervure and line of midrib of loop, extending back nearly to the anal angle. Stigma dark reddish brown, over about 2 cells, equal in both wings, 3 mm; membrane dark grey; are between the 2nd and 3rd antenodal nervures ; trigone in the hindwing a little proximal to the arc; both trigones traversed once; costal side of trigone in forewing shorter than half the proximal; subtrigone 3 cells; discoidal field with 3 rows of cells as far as the node, widely dilated at the termen ; Cui strongly convex; 1 cubital nervure in the forewing, 2 in the hind ; all hypertrigones except that of the right hindwing traversed once ; 2 rows of cells between Rs and Rspl; no supplements to the bridge ; sectors of arc shortly fused in the forewing, a longer fusion in the hindwing; 15 antenodal nervures m the forewing, 10 post- nodals; loop well developed, long and narrow, extending 3 cells beyond the outer angle of trigone. Crocorthetrum smithy resembles a Crocothemis superficially, but the large size of the posterior lobe of the prothorax and the position of the arc place it in very near relation to Orthetrum. The 2 cubital nervures in the hindwing will serve to distinguish it ‘at once from any species of the latter genus. (I overlooked it at first examination, having mistaken it for Crocothemis servilia which it much resembles). Type specimen deposited in the British Museum. 5. PALPOPLEURA SEXMACULATA Fabr. 2 females from Na Kram. ‘These do not differ from type. 6. DIPLACODES TRIVIALIS Ramb. 3 males and 2 females from Na Kram. 2 females from Nong Nam Pi and Ban Siew respectively. 7. NEUROTHEMIS TULLIA TULLIA Drury. A single female from Na Kram. 8. NEUROTHEMIS FULVIA Drury. 1 pair from Na Kram, 1 male from Ban Siew, and 1 male from Ban Nua. VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 164 MAJOR F. C. FRASER ON 9. NEUROTHEMIS INTERMEDIA INTERMEDIA Ramb. 8 males and 4 females from Ban Manao, Ban Nua, Ban Na An and Ban Na Sao. 10. CROCOTHEMIS SERVILIA SERVILIA Drury. 1 male from Na Kram and another from Ban Siew. 11. TRITHEMIS AURORA AURORA Burm. Several of both sexes from Utaradit, Nong Nam Pi, Na Kram and Pak Tah. 12. TRITHEMIS FESTIVA Ramb. 1 male from Na Kram. 13. BRACHYTHEMIS CONTAMINATA Fabr. 2 males from Na Kram. 14. THOLYMIS TILLARGA Fabr. Several of both sexes from Na Kram and 1 male from Nong Nam Pi. 15. NEUROBASIS CHINENSIS Linn. 4 males and 2 females from Na Kram. 16. VESTALIS GRACILIS Ramb. Several males and females from Ban Manao, and Ban Na Sao. These do not bear any trace of a dark, apical fascia as in apicelis, but I am inclined to consider the former as a teneral variety of the latter. 17. PSEUDOPHAEA MASONI Selys. 1 male from Na Kram and 2 males from Pak Tah. These do not differ from type. The female of this species is apparently rarely seen, which accords with my experience of other members of the genus. 18. MIcROMERUS LINEATUS Burm. The markings on the first 6 abdominal segments vary widely but I regard this as merely an evdence of age, as some compare closely with specimens from Ceylon, whilst others are exactly similar to specimens from Dehra Dun, N. India. The specimens, males and 1 female were all taken at Pak Tah. All the males have a well developed, apical, black marking. 19. CoPERA, MARGINIPES. 1 male from Nong Nam Pi and a female from Na Kram. JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM. DRAGONFLIES FROM THE LAO COUNTRY. 165 20. COELICCIA MEMBRANIPES Ramb. 1 male from Na Kram. It will be seen from the above that dragonflies were only collected from 11 out of the many camps at which the collector stayed, which explains the paucity of the collection. Examples of all have been deposited in the British Museum. VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. : or 7 fee te 167 SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. By N. D. RIney, F.z.8., F.E.S. and E. J. GODFREY, B.Sc., F.E.S. With 4 Plates. The following descriptions of Butterflies, obtained mainly since the publication of Godfrey's “ Butterflies of Siam” in this Journal of 1916, are issued as a preliminary to a revised list of Siamese Butterflies which it is hoped to publish before long. The whole of the material collected up till March 1920 has been over- hauled afresh, so that it is hoped that any errors which may have crept into the first list will be rectified in the next. Most of the new forms, it will be noticed, are from the Me Song forest, N. Siam, a few from S. E. Siam, and one only from Peninsular Siam. One interesting fact has been frequently brought out in going through the collections, namely, the considerable difference between the fauna of Northern and Western Siam and that of S. E. Siam. Of the forms described below, only one (Allotinus posidion) of the five from Eastern and S. Eastern Siam has been met with in any form in North and West Siam so far, nor have any of those described from the Me Song forest, with the exception of Penthema binghami mimetica, been met with in any other part of Siam. It is hoped soon to draw up a table shewing the distribution, so far as ascertained, of the Butterflies of Siam, using the divisions adopted in the previous paper, when the very real faunistic differences of these areas will be more obvious. All the Types of the forms here described as new, as well as the Types of those described in the previous paper have been pre- sented to the British Museum (Natural History), together with a short series of practically every species so far obtained in Siam. We take this opportunity of figuring the following forms already described in the preyious paper in this Journal :— GERYDUS ANCON SIAMENSIS Godfrey. (Plate V, figs. 8 and 9.) TERINOS TERPANDER INTERMEDIA Godfrey. (Plate VII, figs. 2 and 3.) EVERES RILEYI Godfrey. (Plate VII, figs. 4 and 5.) HESTIA LEUCONOE SIAMENSIS Godfrey. (Plate VII, fig. 6.) and also THAURIA LATHYI SIAMENSIS Rothschild. (Plate VII, fig. 1.) VOR. LYE NOY 3, 1921. 168 MESSRS. RILEY AND GODFREY ON All the figures have been drawn from the actual Type speci- mens by Miss O. F. Tassart. By an unfortunate error of the printers, these have, in the process of reproduction, been reduced in size, those in Plates IV, V and VII, to approximately 4/5ths., and those in Plate VI to approximately 9/10ths. the natural size. PAPILIONIDE 1. Papilio laos, sp nov. (Plate IV, fig. 1.) 3. Upperside, forewing—Dark shiny blue-black, immaculate, the distal half of costal area lighter, slightly greenish, the interner- vular and cellular rays darker, not very conspicuous. Hindwing.— Not so dark (except the cell and towards the base of the wing) tinged with greenish. There are pink bilunulate submarginal spots present in areas 2 and 3, extending right across these areas, in area 4, incomplete, and in area 5, almost obsolete, each densely irrorated with black scales and bordered outwardly by an indistinct quadrate dark blue-black spot reaching the margin, and inwardly surmounted by conical spots of the same colour. The cottony lining of the abdominal pocket is very pale ochreous, almgst white. There are traces of pink scaling inwardly at the tips of the conical dark spots referred to, in areas 2 and 3, and at the distal end of the abdominal fold. Underside, both wings.—As above, except that the forewing is dull blue-black not shiny, and paler than the hindwing, so that the internervular and cellular rays are more conspicuous; and that . in the hindwing the pink spots are more fully developed and free of dark scaling , and consist of a submarginal series of 5 spots, 1, @), Uni areas 2 to 6, and a discal series of four crescentic spots in areas 2 to 5, that in area 5 being minute, the others increasing in size progressiv- ely. In each series the spot in area 2 overflows into area Ic, the submarginal one only slightly, the discal one very considerably. The ground-colour of the hindwing is nearly uniform on the underside, the greenish tinge being confined to costa and hind-margin and the extremities of the veins. Head clothed with red hairs tipped, except above, with black. JOURN, NAT, HIST. SOC. SIAM. SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. 169 Thorax black except below close to the wings, where it is red. Abdo- men red, spotted laterally with black, shiny blue-black above. Length of forewing.—57 mm. -~ 8B. M. Type No. Rh. 114, 6, Ban Na Sao, French Laos, 23. This species, of which only the single male described is at present known, has the size, build and shape of P. aleinous Klug. It has, however, a smaller tail, it lacks the usual grey appearance, es- pecially of the underside, of that insect, and the lining of the abdo- minal fold is almost white, resembling P. plwtoniws Oberthiir. Also the spots, especially of the underside, of the hindwing are more numerous and much more irregular in outline. The Type specimen was taken by a Siamese collector and, at the time the description was written at the British Museum, it was thought that Ban Na Sao, the type locality, was in Siamese territory. Subsequent enquiries have shown that this is not so—Ban Na Sao being actually in French Laos, E. of Saniabouri, about 40 miles from the Siamese frontier. PIERID A. 2. Delias agoranis H. G. Smith. Delias agorinis, H. G. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), xx, p. 226 (1887). Piceirda agoranis, Moore, Lep. Ind. vi, p. 182, pl. 535, figs. 2, 2a (1905). Deliis agostint, race agoranis, Bingham, Fauna Br. Ind. Butt. li, p. 147 (1907). Delis singh purs agoranis, Fruhstorfer, in Seitz Macro-lep., ix, p. 124 (1910). As the above references indicate, this species has been some- what unfortunate in its treatment by recent authors. We consider it a good species, equally distinct from both singhapura and agostina, though certainly somewhat intermediate in some respects between the two. Our specimens agree p:rfectly with Moore’s figure which was made from the Type specimen. Singhapura has the veins of the underside of the hindwing heavily marked with black; this is entirely absent in agoranis. Agostina is similarly devoid of this black veining, but then it has a VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 170 MESSRS. RILEY AND GODFREY ON narrow, even, black marginal border to the hindwing below enclosing long narrow rectangular white marks. In agoranis this border is more than double the width, runs up in conical projections along the veins and encloses oval or circular white patches. In singhapura the enclosed spots are still larger, frequently divided in two by a narrow black line, semi-circular in shape, reaching from vein to vein and cut off squarely by the veins. NYMPHALID. SATYRINE, 3. Mycalesis siamica, sp. nov. (Plate IV, figs. 2 and 3.) 3. Upperside, forewing.—Dark brown with two parallel narrow darker marginal lines, the markings of the underside (princi- pally the lighter marginal area and the paler subapical bar) showing through. In area lw, rather towards the base, is a large dull pur- plish shiny area, and above this, in area 1b close to vein 1 which curves below it, a single pencil of hair, its free end resting in a small oval patch of dark shiny scales. There is a further sex-mark in area 3 in the form of a diffuse mealy patch of dall ochreous scales, just reaching the edge of the lighter marginalarea. Hindwing.—Slight- ly darker than the forewing, underside markings not showing through so conspicuously, marginal lines the same as in forewing. Darker towards costa, velvety. A dark brown pencil of hair arises near the base of cell and curves slightly towards costa, so as to lie along the nearly white oval patch of scales towards the base of area 7. 5 Underside, both wings.—Very dark velvety brown, lighter basally, margins broadly silvery grey, marginal lines as above. Forewing—The marginal silver-grey band, lightest in areas 4 to 6 proximally (the subapical bar of upperside mentioned above), is broadest on the costa. Its imner edge extends in an almost even gentle curve from costa just before end of vein 12 to centre of area 4, where it is rather sharply angled and runs almost straight and parallel to the margin, to vein 2, thence inwardly slightly to vein 1, where it merges into the shiny inner- JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC, SIAM, SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. - 171 marginal area. Enclosed in the band are ocelli in areas 2 (the largest), 3 and 4 (minute), and 5 and 6 (larger), those in 2 to 5 in line, that in 6 inward. There is an additional wavy antemarginal line, removed some 3mm. from apex at costa, bu) closely approximat- ing to the marginal lines in area 1), andthe area between this wavy antemarginal line and the margin has a slight ochreous tinge. Hindwing.—The lighter marginal band darker grey than on fore- wing, conforming more to the shape of the margin, darkest posteri- orly, and enclosing seven ocelli, i.e, two in area 1b, one each in areas 2 to 6. Of these, that in area 2 is the largest, those at either end the smallest, the remainder subequal, and all are arranged in an even curve except for that in 3, which is set slightly inwards. An- temarginal band as in forewing, most widely separated from margin in areas 1b and 5, the area beyond tinged with ochreous. 2. Upperside, both wings.—Like the male, but larger and lighter in colour, the underside markings more conspicuous above. Forewing.—The subapical white bar is present on upperside, diffuse, extending from costa into area 3, about 2.5 mm. broad, straight, the ocellus in area 2 present above. Margin lighter. Hindwing.— Margin pale ochreous, except towards anal angle. Underside, both wings.—Exactly like the male but paler. In both sexes the body, thorax and head, above and_ below, conform to the colouration of the base of the wings. Antennae slightly orange below towards the tip. Length of forewing. — d 22mm; 2 24.5 mm. B. M. Type No. Rh. 117, 5 ; 118, 2, Me Song forest, Prae, N. Siam, April 1918. In addition to the Types, nine males and three females were obtained in the same locality in April 1918 and three females in April 1916. 4, Ragadia critias, sp. nov. (Plate IV, fig. 4.) 3, Upperside, both wings.—Very dark brown, almost black, basally paler, the markings of the underside showing through. Forewing.—A creamy white transverse oblique discal band from VOL, IW. NOs 3) 1921. [be 0 MESSRS. RILEY AND GODFREY ON area 5, where it is from 1 to 15 mm. wide, to inner margin just beyond middle, where it is about 2.5 mm. wide; traces of a similar much narrower antemarginal band run very indistinctly through areas la and 2; both bands are interrupted by the darker veins, espe- cially anteriorly, and the outer edge of the discal band is somewhat sinaate. Hindwing—The transverse band of forewing is continued across hindwing, its outer edge rather irregular, tapermg towards inner margin and curving slightly towards, but not quite reaching, anal angle; this band is separated by a wide band of the ground- colour from the irregular curved antemarginal white band, from 1 to 1.5mm. wide, which runs from apex almost to anal angle, and is widest centrally and posteriorly. A single tuft of jet-black hairs lies in an oblique pocket towards base of cell. Underside, both wings.—As above. Forewing.—In addition, having the transverse band extending to area 7, where it becomes reduced to a point, and having two very pale grey narrower transverse bands roughly paralled to it and at regular intervals be- tween it and the base of the wing. The swollen part of vein 12 is similarly coloured, the submarginal band is fully developed, narrow, extending from vein 1 to vein 6, and there is a similar very fine marginal line. The dark band of ground-colour separating discal and submarginal bands bears ocelli in areas la (double), 2 to 7 (one each), making seven in all. Of these that in area 7 is minute, while the remainder are all of much the same size, but become more and © more indistinct posteriorly. The hindwing repeats the pattern of the forewing, the basal and sub-basal bands slightly broader than the corresponding bands of the forewing, the marginal and submarginal bands fully developed, the former threadlike at its extrenities and just uniting with the ends of the submarginal band, thus enclosing a long narrow crescent of the ground-colour. The broad discal band of ground-colour interior to this bears only five ocelli, of which the two in area 1b are the smallest and are united, those in areas 2 and 6 are larger and equal in size, whilst that in area 4 is very large, simple, and extends considerably into areas 3 and 5 on either side. 2. Upperside, both wings.—Paler brown than in the male, JOURN, NAT, HIST, SOC, SIAM, SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. 173 the wings more rounded, the submarginal band of forewing not obscure] in areas la and 2. Underside-—Pale markings somewhat more developed, the very large ocellus in area 4 of hindwing partial- ly fused with that in area 2. Otherwise as in the male. — Length of forewing.—d 20 mm; 2 21 mm. 5. M. Type No. Rh. 115, o ; 116, 2, Nam Pat, 36 miles E. of Utaradit, N. E. Siam, Jan. 1920. This species is separable at once from R&. crisilda Hewitson, R. critolaus and R. cristata de Nicéville, its nearest allies, by the number of the ocelli on the underside of the hindwing. . In crisilda there are invariably seven, those in areas 3, 4 and 5 being fused; in the other two species there are six, that in area 3 being absent, and those in areas 4 and 5 fused. In critias there are only five. The broad dark discal band of hindwing which bears the ocelli is much broader in crifias than in either of de Nicéville’s species, and is bordered externally by a muc better defined white band than in erwsilda. MoRPHIN &. 5. sStichophthalma cambodia editha, ssp. nov. CHlae: Vi fea) 3 2. Upperside both wings.—Similar to §. ¢. cambodia Hewitson, but with the discal pale area rather more extensive, brighter and clearer, less sprinklel with brown scaling; the V- shaped marks in the discal series narrower, the tips not recurved, and each mark with a small conical median projection basad, making the marks more dagger-like in shape; the antemarginal smoky-brown lunules reduced in size and almost surrounded by the pale discal colouration, except towards apex of forewing. In the female of editha the large proximal extension of the V-spot in area 6 (typical of cambodia, the Type of which is a female) is partially suffused with bluish white scales, and has a white spot in the centre, whilst in the male it is absent altogether. Underside, both wings.—Considerably paler than in typical cambodia. In the male the forewing has the basal half reddish grey-brown, bordered by a narrow band of white, the latter broader VOL. IV, NO, 3, 1921. 174 MESSRS. RILEY AND GODFREY ON towards costa; between this white band and the two red-brown ocelli (of Which that in area 5 is almost obsolete) is a diffuse band of same colour as the base of the wing; beyond this the general colouration is pale buffy, the upperside markings faintly showing through, darker towards margin. In the hindwing the ground- colour is more uniform, the same shade as base of forewing, the transverse white band and the area immediately external to it almost completely suffused with blackish, the distal half of wing rather redder than basal half. Markings as in cambodia. The female differs from the typical female in being lighter, clearer and more of a chestnut-brown in general colouration, in having the transverse white band of both wings con- siderably broader and in the hindwing hardly at all suffused with black, and the outer area of forewing considerably lighter than that of hindwing. The ocelli in both sexes are more narrowly ringed with black than in typical cwmbodia and have an additional outer narrow ring of light grey. Length of forewing —3 61mm; 2 65 mm. B. M. Type No. Rh. 119, 5; 120, 2, Khao Sebap, near Chan- tabun, S. E. Siam, March 1916. S. cambodia was described by Hewitson in 1862 from the single female which is now in the British Museum, and which is still unique. Fruhstorfer in Seitz Macro-lep., ix, p. 425, suggests that it may be only a form of S lowisa Wood-Mason. However, the occur- rence in Siam of S. lowisa siamensis, recently described by Lord Rothschild (Nov. Zool. xxiii, p. 308, 1916), together with the above described race of S. cambodia, establishes beyond doubt the validity of the species. . In describing the subspecies we have had no male of typical cambodia for comparison, the female alone being known, but the females before us, as explained above, are so sufficiently distinct from the female Type of cambodia as to warrant our belief that editha will prove to be a good subspecies. JOURN, NAT. HIST, SOC, SIAM. SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. 175 NYMPHALIN&. 6. Penthema darlisa melema, ssp. nov. (Plate V, fig. 1.) Sd. Very similar to typical darlisa, but smaller, the white markings of forewing and the straw-coloured markings of hindwing slightly reduced in size, especially the latter. The bluish suffusion of forewing less pronounced, giving the insect a much browner ap- pearance. The underside shows a corresponding difference. Length of forewing. ——55 mm. (the Type of darlisa measures 67 mm.). B. M. Type No. Rh. 122, 5, Me Song forest, Prae, N. Siam: April 1918. This race should be readily recognisable by the characters given. The reduction in size of the lighter markings is particularly noticeable in the basal half of the hindwing. It was obtained in some numbers in the Me Song forest, during April 1916 and Apri] TOMS. : 7. Penthema binghami mimetica Lathy. (Plater Vi, te: 92)) Penthema mimeticr, Lathy, Entomologist, xxxiii, p. 213 (1900). P. dirlisa mimetica, Fruhstorfer, in Seitz Macro-lep., ix, p 464 (1912). P. mimetica was described by Lathy from a single female which came from Pak Jong, Central Siam, and which is now in the Adams Coll. in the British Museum. A second female was obtained at Hup Bon, S. E. Siam, in April 1914 and since then a number of males have been taken in the Me Song forest, Prae, N. Siam. Fruhstorfer (1. c.) regards mimetica as a form of P. darlisa which he treats as a species dimorphic in both sexes. An examina- tion of the genitalia of these two forms, P.d. melema and P. b. mimetica, however, entirely contradicts this view. Though super- ficially alike, actually these structures are very distinct in the two forms. In each species the wncus terminates in a long spike directed downwards almost at right angles to the long axis of the body. Slightly proximal to this there arises a pair of spines, not very close together, and running parallel to each other and to this terminal spike, their tips directed posteriorly. In melema these are very VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. 176 MESSRS. RILEY AND GODFREY ON nearly equal in length to the terminal spike of the wnews; in mimetica, on the other hand, they are decidedly more delicate and only about 2,3rds the length of the terminal spike. In each species also the clasp ends in a spike-like process which in melema, in proportion, is quite twice the size of that in mimetica, and also less clearly differentiated from the broad upward-curving anteterminal part of the clasp from which it arises. This latter part as well exhibits a difference in that it is broader and stumpier in mimetica, evenly tapering in melema. As a corollary to this it seems reasonable to suppose that typical binghami and darlisa are similarly distinct species; and, occuring together as they undoubtedly do, that they stand in the same relationship to each other in Burma as do mimetica and melema in Siam. 8. Cirrochroa chione, sp. nov. (Plate V, fig. 3.) 3 Upperside, forewing.—Basal two-fifths brown, bounded by a slightly darker irregular line running from near costa, 2 mm. beyond cell-apex, to just beyond centre of vein 1, gently angled in area 2 (in another specimen the course of this line is rather more even). Costal area of same colour as base, the colour extending beyond edge of basal brown area, a darker shade across end of cell. Apex very broadly, and hind-margin (towards anal angle more narrowly) black, the inner edge of this black border curving roughly parallel to.the outer edge of the basal brown area and just reaching to middle of costa. The intermediate discal area is golden-brown in the form of a wide even band cut off from the costa only by the narrow strip of apical black which reaches to middle of the costa. There are traces of an antemarginal series of darker spots in areas la and 2, and of a submarginal line in area la. Hindwing.—Of the same colour as the base of forewing, rather brighter towards hind-margin. There is a subquadrate white spot centrally in area 7, inwardly edged with black, from the outer edge of which runs a very fine direct irregular black line finishing at vein la about 5 mm. above margin. Between this and the marginal. black border, which throughout is about 1.5 mm. wide, are, firstly, a series of six JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. SOME UNDESCRIBED RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. 177 small black spots, there being none in area 4, secondly, a series of seven crescentic black marks reaching from vein to vein and nearly touching each other and, thirdly, a heavy black wavy line fusing with the marginai border at each end. Abdominal area grey. Underside, both wings.—Pale ochreous, the markings of the upperside represented by brown. A narrow transverse wavy line crosses Gell of forewing obliquely to origin of vein 2, thence to inner margin, and is continued interruptedly across hindwing as far as vein la. ) 3 4. Ragadia critias, sp. nov., ¢. Or Stichophthalma cambodia editha, ssp. nov., ¢. JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. Journ. Nut. Hist. Soc. Siam, Vol. IV, 1921, Pl. IV. RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fig. 1. Penthema darlisa melema, ssp. nov., ¢. 2. < binghami mimetica, ssp. nov., o. 3. Cirrochroa chione, sp. nov., S. 4, Neptis cartica meraca, ssp. nov., d. 5. Huthalia monina grahami, ssp. nov., do. 6. 5, s f 2, 7. Lazwita telesia boullett Fruhst., ¢. 8. Gerydus ancon siamensis Godfrey, 5. OF 2) 3? CP) JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM, VOL. IV, NO. 3, 1921. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, Vol. IV, 1921, Pl. V. RHOPALOCERA FROM SIAM. ° EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI, Fig. 1. Gymnodactylus condorensis, sp. nov. (Pl.). — consobrinoides Gynura annamensis, sp. nov. Haliastur indus gerrenera == = hivlve — — intermedius Hasora chabrona — proxissima (Pl. VT). — vyitta Hedyotis equisetiformis, sp. nov. — loganioides — Vachellii — vestita Helicteres hirsuta Hemipodius plumbipes Herodias garzetta Hestia leuconoe siamensis (Pl. VII). Hibiscus sagittifolius .. Hierax eutolmus Himantopus himantopus Hirundo pacifica Holarchus eyclurus — longicauda — violaceus Homonoia riparia Hoya parasitica 5c ee . 208 .. 158 -, 161 Page. .. 140 .. 204 . 204 32 . 123 . 122 .. 148 . 180 167, 179 38 38 JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. VOL. IV, Hydrochelidon leucopareia Hydrophasianus chirurgus Hypericum japonicum Hypotenidia striata — — gularis Hypoxis aurea Ibis gigantea Ictinus praecox Impatiens protracta Tone annamensis, sp. 20v. — paleacea TIpomaea obscura Ischnura senegalensis Jasminum annamensis, sp. nov. . — pubescens Jussieua angustifolia .. Justicia procumbens Kempferia albo-violacea, sp. nov. — galanga Kalanchoe annamica .. Kittacincla malabarica macrura — — suavis Kyllinga monocephala Lactuca Klossii, sp. nov. — versicolor Laggera alata Lalage fimbriata culminata — — neglecta — polioptera Larus brunneicephalus — polo-condore Lasianthus constrictus — dalatensis, sp. nov. — Wrayi Lathrecista asiatica asiatica Laxita boulleti — tellesia a — — boulleti (Pl. V). — — lyclene Leea coccinea Leggada — nitidula — — nitidula — — popcea — pahari — — gairdneri, ssp. nov, oad Page. 40 .. 148 . 146 52 5 Use . 138 oo Jats) a178 Ae 178, 179 . 130 59 . 60, 62, 63 Legeada pahari pahari — rahengis, sp. nov. Legeadilla : Lepidagathis hyalina .. Lestes, sp. se fe — umbrina Leucas aspera Lobaria pulmonaria Lobelia trigona Lobivanellus atronuchalis Locustella certhiola Lonicera macrantha Lophastur jerdoni Lophospizias trivirgatus rufitinctus Lophura diardi == ioc — — castonea Loranthus (Elytranthe) albidus — dranensis, sp. nov. Lutra Lycopersicum esculentum Lygosoma olivaceum .. — vitticerum kronfanum, ssp. nov. Macaea irus, ssp. ——aiiGeps — — yalidus Mahonia annamica — conferta — japonica — Klossii, sp. nov. — nepaulensis Mariscus sieberianus . Meladomus Melanthesiopsis fruticosa Melastoma candidum .. — decemfidum — Klossii, sp. nov. Menetes berdmorei mouhoti Metopidius indicus Microhierax eutolmus Microhyla butleri — latastii Micromerus lineatus . Micronisus poliopsis Micropus pacificus Milvus govinda Be a .. 34 5 Be . 156 . 239 . 141 A 5 208, 210 Uy OF 76, 77, 81 75, 76 Se UPI 2 eM 132, 133 . 214 .. 214 162, 164 29 87 29 VI - INDEX OF SPECIES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Milvus govinda govinda 29 Mixornis rubricapilla .. 85 — — condorensis, ssp. nov. Sic jhste Monochoria plantaginea .. 125 Monotropa unifiora . 139 Morinda polyneura aspera we lis6 Motacilla certhiola . 89 — tiphia 88 Mus a7 59 — bukit 68 — cinnamomeus 65 — cremoriventer 68 — germaini 82 — germani 82 — nitidulus 63 — pahari 59 Muscadivora Ae So — aenea 75, 85 — — aenea 86 = — jveesiky Be eke — — sylvatica 31, 86 — bicolor Sogn th) Mussaenda dranensis, sp. nov. . 136 — pubescens .. 135 — variolosa By op Uae Mycalesis siamica, sp. nov. (Pl. IV). raO Myrina cyara esi — melisa : Silke Mpristicivora bicolor bicolor 5 on — — condorensis, ssp. nov. aeetol Natrix groundwateri, sp. nov. (Pl. VIII). 205, 206 — HES oc -. 206 — nigrocinctus 206, 207, 208 — piscator 196, 197 Nepenthes anamensis .. 155 Neptis cartica burmana 56 orm Wis — — meraca, ssp. nov. (Pl. V). Ben uid! — carticoides pee Wer! — nandina 18 — soma . 178 Nettopus coromandelianus . 43 Neurobasis chinensis . 164 Neurothemis fluctuans as oO — fulvia ue « 163 — intermedia intermedia .. 164 — tullia tullia 163, 231 Niehuhria decandra .. ae Nilasera opalina Nisaétus alboniger Nycticorax nycticorax : Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis Oldenlandia Stocksii .. — subtilior, sp. nov. Ophiorrhiza Harrisiana Orthetrum — pruinosum — sabina Orthophetus barroni, sp. nov. (Pl. VI). — omeia — phaneus Orthotomus atrogularis Osbeckia chinensis Osmotreron — phayrei Ostodes Kerrii Otochilus porrecta Otocompsa flaviventris — — flaviventris .. — — johnsoni — — minor Otus bakkameena lettia — scops malayanus 55 Oxyglossus Jaevis martensii Pachylabra — ampullacea Page. . 128 . 184 28 42 ao B2 . 135 . 135 . 135 . 163 .. 162 162, 231 Poh BT be . 189 eeeao . 132 30 eo Sa ltite' 219 51 52 51 51 27 26 mech pecs! 3, 45-7, 10 5 — angelica, sp. nov. (Pl. I. d IT). 3, 5,6, 11, 16 — begini (Pl. I. and IT). .. 5, 6, 21, 23, 45 — borneensis Ae Shi) — carinata 5, 20 — celebensis 5 an eoAhRS — conica (Pl. I. and II). 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13 — dalyi 5D a7 — globosa : 4, 5, 14, 15, 20, 45 — gracilis (Pl. I.) .. G35 (iy Lil — maura We i eee — pesmei (Pl. I. and II). 5: 6y tee — polita (Pl. I). 5; 6), 7, 9); ale — — compressa 8 — — major 36 es — turbinis (Pl. J). 256.59) AA. eae — — dalyi (Pl. I). 3,0 iaas — — lacustris, (Pl. I). 5, 20 JOURN. NAT. HIST. SOC. SIAM. VOL. Pachylabra turbinis subampullacea, Page. (Pl. I. and II). 5, 6, 17, 18, 20, 21 — winkleyi Paederia tomentosa Palpopleura sexmaculata Panicum montanum . Panisea parviflora Pantala flavescens Papilio alcinous c — laos, sp. nov. (Pl. IV). — plutonious Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, ssp. — — cochinensis .. Parra indica Passer montanus malaccensis Pavetta tomentosa Pavo chinquis Penthema binghami — — mimetica, ssp. nov. (Pl. V). 167, 175, — darlisa — melema, ssp. nov. (Pl. V). — — mimetica — mimetica Peperomia reflexa Perdix charltonii — oculea — longirostris Peristrophe fera intermedia Phacellaria tonkinensis Phaius Wallichii Phalocrocorax carbo — — indicus — javanicus Phasianus bankiva — gallus — humis burmanicus — roulroul — rufus Philautus ae Phenicopheus longicaudatus Pholidota — conyallarise Phyllopneuste borealis — — xanthodryas Phylloscopus borealis borealis Piccarda agoranis Be oo 45 = 139 . 163 L2G oo JUG) .. 233 69 .. 168 . 169 78 78 38 91 . 136 175, 175, 176 176 176 176 oo 1S .. 175 . 155 . 154 ca lists) re 7 — doris (Pl. IX). 215, 216, 217, 218, 223, 224, 228, 244 IV. VII Page. Pila 3 Pinus 114 — insularis .. 114 — khasya 111, 114 — Merkusii : 111, 114, 241 Pithecolobium clypearia 131 Platycentrum 134 Platyclinus 119 Pluchea indica a aa 146 Podiceps albipennis 43 — fluviatilis albipennis 43 Pogonatum aloides 160 ~ Polygonum chinense .. 155 — strigosum Se 155 Polyplectrum bicalearatum bicalearatum 33 — — chinguis 33 Portulaca oleracea a L229 Potomarcha obscura 162, 231 Prismatomeris albidiflora 137 Prunus occidentalis ar 132 Pseudagrion bengalense (PI. 10). .. 236 — laidlawi (Pl. 10). 236 — microcephalum (Pl. 10). 236 — siamensis, sp. nov. (Pl. 10). 235 — williamsoni (PJ. 10). 236 Pseudocopera Soy. Leu — _ arachnoides 231, 237, 238 — trotteri, sp. nov. 237, 238 Pseudophaea masoni 164 Psychotria arborea 138 — Bodenii, sp. nov. 137 — langbianensis, sp. nov. 137 — montana 137 — symplocifolia 137 Pteropus condorensis . . 80 — hypomelanus condorensis 80 Pycnonotus finlaysoni 88 Ragadia crisilda 173 — cristata -. 173 — critias, sp. nov. (Pl. IV). 171, 173 — critolaus 173 Rallus gularis j a Pcs 5) Rana aenea, sp. nov. (Pl. VIII). 210, 212 — cataracta . 244 Vill Rana erythrwa — pileata (7. IX) — plicatella (jfig.) .. kohchang®y, sp. nov. ( macrognathus INDEX OF SPECIES Page. 4c Seah Ys JAR TDG Fe DAMS PAHs. 219, 223, 225, 228 216, 221, 223, 224 — dabana, subsp. nov. (Pl. LX). 216, 219, 221 — macrognathus (Pl. LX). 216, 218, 220, mortenseni nigrovittata palavanensls 221, 227, 228 212, 213, 214 212, 213, 214 a, .. 212 215, 216, 222, 224 216, 227, 228, 229 — pullus . 193 — tasans 293 Rapala rhecus 5 USK) — sphinx 186, 187 — tara .. Bis USS) Rattus blythi 65, 66, 67, 69 — bukit 66, 67 — cremoriventer cremoriventer 65, 66, 67 — — tenaster 66 — gracilis 67 — griseiventer 82 — lepidus mar Ort — marinus 66, 67 — orbus 65, 66, 67 —pan.. 67 — rajah oy US) — — finis peel! — rapit een OW — rattus germaini .. 82, 83 — sakeratensis 67, 68 Ratufa bicolor 71 — gigantea 71 — melanopepla a6. fll — — condorensis, ssp. nov. TL, 72), 80 — — leucogenys 71, 100 — — peninsuls 71 == = ES 71 — pheropepla ve 71 Rauwolfia (Ophioxylon) serpentinum .. 140 Renanthera Inschootiana 120 Rhinolophus minor 80 Rhizothera longirostris 35 Rhodomyrtus tomentosus 132 Rhopodytes tristis hainanus ae yo aes ! AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Rhopodytes tristis longicaudatus .. See toitt Rhyothemis phyllis phyllis af <0 2ao — variegata aS wife 3, 200 Rollulus roulroul ae oi Pes: Rotala rotundifolia .. ar -- 133 Rubus annamensis .. a 128 .. 128 .. 130 + 44 . 146 - 2B et . 233 A Magnificent Work. of Art now Completed. A MONOGRAPH OF THE PHEASANTS By. WILLIAM BEEBE. Beautiful Coloured Plates by Thorburn Lodge and other, artists, depicting the Pheasants of the World. Many Photogravures and full text, Royal 4to., 4 Vols: Limited Edition. £12 10s. per vol. net. Pull Prospectus and Specimen Plate on Application. THE EDGE OF THE JUNGLE. By W ILLIAM BEEBE. Author of « Jungle Peace. ” Fully illustrated. Demy 8 vol. 12s. 6d. net. All lovers of nature’ who haye’ bad an opportunity of reading Ma, Beebe’s first fascinading’ story of the South’ American’ jungle and its) hidden life will welcome: this sequel. Indian Pigeons and Doves. By BC STUART AIS as.) Rei MBO: 0; With 26 Coloured Plates representing y the species of Indian Pigeons and Doves, Over 250 pages. Imperial. SV. Halt Moroceo. £2 10s. net, A NATURALIST IN HIMALAYA. By Carr. R. W. G. HINGSTON, anc: s08., Lacs. With numerous plates and text figures. Demy 8vo. 18s. net. ** Capt. Hingston is’very little behind that great naturalist: (Fabre) in intimacy of observation and descriptive power..”’ JUNGLE PEACE. by WILLIAM BEEBE, Author of “A Monograph of the Pheasants, ’' ete. Tlustr dee from photographs. | ‘Crown 3)vo. > 8s. net. ‘Itis mpossible even to:give a catalogue of the new visions of wonderment .'. . which he Gonjurés upon every page..?’—AMornin ich } p ¥ PB cS g Tropical Wild Life in British Guiana. Being Zoological Contributions to. Science, feos the Tropical Research Station of the New York Zoological Society; at Kalacoon,:1916.° By WILLIAM BEEBE, G. INNESS, HARTLEY and. PAUL) G, HOWES, with an introduction by COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Octavo: Cloth, | 504 pages, 4 Ooloured Plates, and 140 other Tlustrations.. 128. Gd. net: -. prweesuseneviors's AL ae & G, WITHERBY, 326, High Holborn, London, Finhiid Va aD Oly aig ane t An* TTT bla LIN) NRL anal Aa4a, eee ahh? abe: } “i poh Riel, frt Lig “a TYR i 4 al 2? 4a \q fig el LTT a et : Ota.» Aan mmo ‘ is a) am .” ar Yate dip 4. p-Ro, A. 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