JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Srootrfc to lEttiomology tit aeus giganteus Banks was common everywhere along the roads, on exposed rocks, clay banks, tree trunks, etc. We now took the road towards Asheville, N. C., and 22 miles from there for the first time struck a locality abounding in Hypochili. We first noticed the webs on ledges Mar., 1932] Petrtjnkevitch : Hypochilus 21 situated a few dozen feet from the road by a little brook, over a dozen of them in fairly close proximity to each other. The webs, previously described by Marx and Comstock, are so characteristic and so different from webs of all other .spiders, that they are easily detected without danger of confusion from an automobile moving at a moderate speed. While I was making photographs of the webs and ledges, Drs. Pickford and Valentine collected for me numerous specimens of various ages in a small ravine below the road. We did not attempt to collect between this locality and Highlands where we were due to arrive the same evening and where we actually arrived late after dark on account of tire trouble. Highlands is situated in Macon County close to Georgia and South Carolina at an elevation of somewhat over 3,800 feet, and is surrounded by forests with deep gorges everywhere abounding in Hypochili. In fact, Hypochilus is here the second commonest spider, the only more common one being Cybaeus giganteus. Numerous webs were found near Linden Lake, on the trail to the Primeval Forest, on the road to Franklin, on the road to Cashiers anH on the road to Dillard. The webs were especially abundant on ledges by the Cullasaja Falls, four miles from Highlands. We spent four delightful days in the company of Dr. Reinke, Di- rector of the Sam T. Weyman Memorial Laboratory, and were deeply impressed by the potentialities of this locality for bio- logical study. During that time we preserved many specimens of Hypochilus in fixing fluids for future microscopic study, others in alcohol for my collection and captured seventy living speci- mens which were put into individual aluminum containers for transportation to New Haven. From Highlands we made a side trip to Tallulah Falls, Ga., where we inspected the gorge abounding in ledges with innumer- able webs of Hypochili. The elevation here is only 1,600 feet but the ledges are of the same type as in the vicinity of Highlands. The descent is exceedingly steep and many ledges are practically inaccessible. Tallulah Falls is the southernmost locality which we visited. We now decided to go to the Walden Ridge, which as stated above, is mentioned in Comstock’s Spider Book without reference to a more definite locality. We went by way of Frank- 22 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL lin, Dillsboro and Bryson City and then through the Nantahala river valley, where we found again numerous Hypochili at an elevation of about 2,000 feet. Occasional search of ledges between Topton and Murphy did not reveal the presence of any Hypochili and the perfectly bare ground of red clay around Ducktown is quite unsuitable for the life of this spider. We were rather sur- prised not to see any webs on the ledges along the Kimsey High- way in the Beans Mountains although the conditions seem to be suitable for their existence there. The Walden Ridge follows the western bank of the Tennessee River by which it is separated in the south from Lookout Moun- tain. It is much drier than the mountains which we had visited before and is separated from the Beans Mountains by the broad valley of the Tennessee River. As one motors north from Chat- tanooga to Dayton, one observes numerous ledges close to the top of the ridge. Intending merely to verify the presence of Hy- pochilus in the Walden Ridge, we ascended it only at one place, namely, by the road from Dayton to Morgan Springs. Here we found indeed numerous Hypochili at an elevation of 1,600 feet, although the woods and ledges were fairly dry. On one ledge abounding in webs of Hypochili we found also a large gravid female Epeira cavatica and a mature male Marpissa calif ornica, the latter recorded now for the first time from Tennessee. Whether Hypochilus occurs further north on the Walden Ridge we do not know, because we now left it for the Great Smokies by way of Sweetwater, Madisonville, Maryville and Gat- linburg. Twenty-two miles beyond Maryville we encountered numerous specimens on ledges near the road in the Chilhowee Mountains at an elevation of 1,150 feet and webs could be seen from here on along the road to Gatlinburg. Webs were also numerous on the Indian Gap road up to an elevation of 4,500 feet, but none were seen higher up. Our route lay by way of Sevierville and Newport to Hot Springs, Trust and Cross Rock. A little beyond Hot Springs we saw again numerous webs and collected specimens almost as far as Cross Rock, the elevation at one place having been measured as 1,700 feet. Going through Asheville to Spruce Pine and once more stopping for the night at Little Switzerland we started next day on our way to Mountain Mar., 1932] Petrunkevitch : Hypochilus 23 Lake in Virginia. As before, we found no Hypochili on the road from Little Switzerland to Spruce Pine, but saw and collected three female Latrodectus geometricus with cocoons. The first point at which we again encountered webs of Hypochili was be- yond Linville, about 15 miles from Blowing Bock on ledges by the road at an elevation of 4,100 feet and from here on for about a mile along the Watauga Biver. This was the last locality at which we saw Hypochili and although the road through Boone to Independence and Wytheville crosses the Unaka National Forest and has many ledges, no webs were seen here. From the data obtained on this collecting trip the main geo- graphical area inhabited by Hypochilus may be represented as a triangle with its apex at Blowing Bock, N. C., and its base ex- tending from Maryville, Tenn., to Tallulah Falls, Ga. This area encloses the Great Smokies, the Nantahala Mountains, and the southern half of the Blue Bidge. Lookout Mountain and the Walden Bidge lie considerably to the west of this area and repre- sent probably the westernmost extension in the distribution of Hypochilus. A considerable gap lies between this and the east- ern area, so far without any indication as to the manner or path by which the invasion of this narrow strip has been accomplished. Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 25 THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIMNOPHORA ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (MUSCIDZE, DIPTERA) By H. C. Huckett Riverhead, 1ST. Y. Introduction The genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy comprises a large group of flies that are not familiar to collectors in North America except for their apparently uninteresting appearance. They are to be met with usually in the vicinity of water, especially along rivers and lakes, the immature forms presumably living an aquatic or semi-aquatic existence. On the other hand, the species belonging to the group Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy are commonly found near decay and filth, resembling the muscoid flies in habit. The object of the present study is to bring together as com- pletely as possible the records of species known to occur in North America with a view to facilitating their study and recog- nition. Numerous collections have been examined, and it is evident generally that there has been a considerable amount of misidentification, and that there are yet a number of species to be recorded. The fragmentary nature of the literature has also been a serious bar to further progress and interest. The writer has had the privilege of examining the large faunal collections made by Dr. J. M. Aldrich in the Rocky Mountains and Alaska, by Dr. A. L. Melander, Mr. H. L. Seamans, and Mr. C. B. D. Garrett in the Rocky Mountains, by Mr. C. W. Johnson in the New England States, and by the late Professor J. S. Hine in Alaska. The collections in the following institutions have been exam- ined through the generous assistance of their keepers ; the United States National Museum, Washington; Cornell Univer- 26 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL sity, Ithaca; the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia; the Boston Society of Natural History, Boston ; the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa ; the American Museum of Natural History, New York; the Field Museum, Chicago; and that of the Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana. I also have been privileged to examine the private collection of Dr. A. L. Melander, and of the late Professor J. S. Hine. Dr. E. P. Van Duzee has very kindly forwarded paratypic material from the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. I wish also to acknowledge the valuable advice and informa- tion offered by Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Dr. 0. A. Johannsen, Dr. J. Villeneuve, and Mr. E. Seguy concerning the nomenclatorial problem arising from the unsatisfactory status of the generic name Limnophora. To Mr. 0. Ringdahl I am deeply indebted for the invaluable help and advice proferred concerning the identification of sub- arctic forms. Much of the new material was sent to Mr. Ring- dahl for examination and comparison with Scandinavian forms. I have also had considerable help from Mr. J. E. Collin in the identification of species occurring in Baffin Land and Green- land. In addition Mr. Collin has very kindly made the neces- sary comparisons of North American material with Walker’s types in the British Museum, thereby rendering it possible to establish once more the identity of these little known species. Mr. Collin has provided me with a list of species that he has recognized as occurring in Greenland, many of which I have not had*’ the opportunity of studying. A few of these species are in- cluded in the records that follow, having been sent to Mr. Collin for study. The remaining species are listed at the close of the paper. All of these species are included by Mr. Collin in a paper on the Greenland species of Limnophora that has recently been published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (6a). Explanation of Terms Used in Keys and Descriptions Every effort has been made to discover additional, tangible characters among species that are apparently difficult to dis- tinguish under the best of circumstances. A few such have been Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 27 grasped and used in the hope that they may he of some use in studies of a limited nature. Whether such characters will sur- vive the test of wider application is entirely questionable. The following explanations are offered with a view to aiding in the detection of little known characters that may be mentioned, to clarify the descriptive terminology used, and to assure a com- mon understanding when making measurements. Unless otherwise stated, the measurement between the eyes is taken at the narrowest distance of separation, which is usually at middle of frons; the breadth of parafacial is measured at base of antennae when the head is viewed in profile ; the height of cheek is taken at the narrowest distance between the margin of eye and the ventral border of head, at a point previous to the upward curvature of the head capsule defining the occipital and genal regions. The oral margin is said to be protruded beyond the base of antennae when projecting beyond a line drawn in a vertical plane from the most anterior part of parafacial. In other words, when the head is viewed in profile, the axis of the head capsule at a level with the oral margin is greater than that at a level with base of antennae. The mesonotum, unless otherwise stated, is viewed from above and in front. The accessory bristles of the mesopleural series of bristles occur in the marked intermission between the dorsal and fol- lowing bristles in the series. This interspace is bare in many species, and is filled by one or more weaker bristles in a few species, e.g., ( Spiligona ) aerea (Zetterstedt), novce-anglice Mal- loch, imitatrix (Malloch). The scutellum of many species in the subgenus Spilogona Schnabl and Dziedzicki possesses one or more setulose hairs which are appressed and directed caudad. These hairs are situated on the dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent the apical bristles, e.g., ($.) aerea (Zetterstedt), rufiitibia Stein, obscuripennis Stein. On the other hand such scutellar hairs are not present in (S.)narina (Walker), alticola Malloch, torreyce Johannsen, and suspect a Malloch. 28 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL The abdomen is viewed from above and behind unless other- wise stated. The first visible tergum is designated as terga 1 + 2, the sec- ond as tergum three, the third as tergum four, and the fourth as tergum five. The basal sclerite of hypopygium is situated immediately caudad of tergum five. The veins of the wings have been named according to the system introduced by Comstock and Needham (7),* and is as follows : — First longitudinal vein = Radius I. Second longitudinal vein = Radius 2 +3. Third longitudinal vein = Radius 4 + 5. Fourth longitudinal vein = Media 1 + 2. Fifth longitudinal vein == Media 3 plus Cubitus I. Sixth longitudinal vein = Cubitus 1 plus first Anal. Anterior cross vein = Radius-Media cross vein. Posterior cross vein = Media-Cubitus cross vein. Genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, Essai Myodaires, 1830 p. 90. — Maequart, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., 1835 II p. 309. — Schiner, Fauna Austr., 1862 I p. 621 — Rondani, Della Soc. Ital. Scienze Naturali, 1866 IX pp. 72 . 137.- — Rondani, Dipt. Ital., Prodr., Part V 1877 pp. 11 . 103. — Osten Sacken, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1878 III p. 167.— Meade, Ent. Month. Mag., 1881 XVIII p. 101. — Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1883 (1882) ser. 6 II p. 18.— Schnabl, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., 1890 (1889-1890) XXIV pp. 493 . 501. — Stein, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 1904 II p. 459.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 546. — Stein, Katalog Palaark, Dipt., 1907 III pp. 669 . 673. — Williston, Manual of North America Diptera, 1908 3rd ed. p. 334. — Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1910 XXXVI No. 1719 p. 561. — Schnabl, and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop. — Carol. Deutsch. Akad. d. Naturforsch., 1911 XCV Nr. 2 p. * References are quoted in the text by a number in brackets, which refers to the corresponding number given to the literature cited in the list of refer- ences. Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 29 141. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1911 Abt. A Heft 1 pp. 111-137. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1914 (1913) Abt. A Heft 8 p. 26. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft 10 p. 83. — Johannsen, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1916 XLII No. 756 p. 391.— Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX Haft 2 p. 158. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A. Heft 1 p. 133. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1919) Abt. A Heft 9 p. 46. — Collin, Ent. Month. Mag., 1921 ser. 3 YII pp. 95-100. — Seguy, Faune de France, Part VI 1923 pp. 195-196.' — Karl, Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, T. XIII 1928 pp. 91.92. Cuculla Robineau-Desvoidy, Essai Myodaires, 1830 p. 523. — Stein, Katalog Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 669. Aricia Pandelle in part, Revue ent. France, 1899 XVIII p. 115. The genus Limnophora was erected by Robineau-Desvoidy (40) in 1830 for the reception of twenty nominal species, fourteen of which are European and none of which, according to Collin (5), have ever been recognized by subsequent authors.1 That the generic name is still in good use under these conditions exem- plifies in a striking way the peculiar influence that tradition and expediency have exerted. There have been three types designated for the genus. Robin- eau Desvoidy (40) himself did not indicate that any one of the original species might be taken as the type. The species palustris is used as a basis for comparative description for others that follow in the list, and on this account might be regarded as a typical species of the genus. But there the matter rests since Robineau-Desvoidy ’s material has never been examined. In 1866 Rondani (42) designated Antkomyia compuncta Wiedemann as the type of Limnophora, a species not included in the original series by Robineau-Desvoidy. Rondani evidently followed Macquart’s (23) prior list of 1835 inasmuch as he re- peats the names of the few original species belonging to the genus before citing compuncta. He apparently did not recognize any of the former species to warrant a type designation from 1 Villeneuve and Seguy have also assured me by correspondence that the original material has never been recognized as such, and so far as they know it is not in existence. 30 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL among them. Both Meade (33) and Osten Sacken (36) record the statement that Anthomyia compuncta Wied. is the type of Limnophora. In 1910 Coqnillet (12) designated Limnophora palustris Robineau-Devoidy as the type, the second species from the orig- inal series and the first of those recorded by Macqnart and Rondani. It is very doubtful whether, under the circumstances, Coquillett had any definite knowledge regarding the identity of palustris. The most helpful opinion about the matter is given by Collin (5), who bases the appearance of the type on a com- parison with the generic description. I can scarcely accept such an assumption regarding the identity of the species as proof of the genus. In 1928 Karl (19) designated Musca notata Fallen2 as the type of the restricted genus Limnophora of recent authors, which species thereby becomes the type of the genus Limnophora sens.-lat. However, as in the previous case of Rondani ’s designa- tion, neither compuncta nor notata is included in the original series of species belonging to the genus, and hence their designa- tion is invalid according to the rules of the International Com- mittee on Nomenclature. In conclusion, it may be said that in so far as a study of the literature reveals there has been no valid type designation that would fix the identity of the genus, largely, it is presumed, be- cause none of the original species mentioned by Robineau- Desvoidy has been known to be available for study. Their exis- tence appears to have ceased with the publication of their names. The permanent status of the generic name Limnophora will largely depend on fixing the type of the genus. It is to be hoped that whatever be the ultimate decision concerning the matter by fellow workers or by any authorized body due regard will be given to the feasibility of retaining the present generic name. 2 Mr. Karl explains in a recent letter that the species denoted by him as “typische art ” should be regarded as representative species for the group, his purpose being to suggest the name of well known species whereby stu- dents might be able the more readily to recognize the various groups. This did not necessarily involve the designation of the type species. Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 31 The genus Limnophora sens. -lot. contains numerous species from North America, many of which have been allotted to vari- ous genera at different times. In 1835 Macquart (23) added nine European species to the original number, including compuncta Wiedemann and triangula Fallen of North American occurrence. The well known European species Musca notata Fallen was included by Macquart in his newly formed group Spilogaster. Schiner (44), Eondani (42), and Meade (34), followed Macquart ’s classification, but trans- ferred the species triangula to the genus Coenosia. In 1889, 1890, and 1902, Schnabl (45) (46) (47), presented contributions concerning the limitations of certain allied group- ings, in which he restricts the use of the generic name to certain species of which notata and triangula are representative. In the light of more recent work, it appears that Schnabl ’s concept regarding the limitations of the groups are well founded, al- though from his own diagnostic descriptions such is difficult to interpret. He introduces the use of the male genitalic charac- ters to confirm the contention of Strobl that the species included by him in the new genus Pseudolimnophora (61) are more closely related to Limnophora than to Coenosia, the commonly accepted genus at this time. In 1911 Schnabl and Dziedzicki (49) produced their great work, Die Anthomyiden, in which the genus Limnophora is divided into seven subgenera, four of which occur in North America, namely, Limnophora sens.-str Leucomelina Macquart, Brontasa Kowarz, and the new subgenus Spilogona. The clas- sification of the group is based largely on the more or less arbi- trary nature of the characters exhibited by the shape of the genitalic appendages in the male sex. No types are designated. Meanwhile in 1899 Pandelle (37) had retained the old group name Aricia to include four subgenera, including Aricia, Spilo- gaster, and Limnophora. To the two former segregates he im- parts the species notata Fallen and carbonella Zetterstedt respec- tively. It is evident in glancing through the list of species that Pandelle ’s treatment of the various categories embraced some- thing much wider in its application than what is credited to such rankings as genus and subgenus today. 32 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Stein (55) (56) (57) (58) (59) in all his contributions to the faunal studies of the world has regarded the genus in its broadest meaning, not recognizing many of the lesser segregates of Schnabl and Dziedzicki, nor the limnophorine genera of Eondani and Strobl. He follows the traditional treatment of the genus, reserving it for such species as possess the following combina- tion of characters: Abdomen invariably marked by paired sub- triangular areas, male genitalic appendages not prominent, thorax with two pairs of presutural dorsocentral bristles, and with the sternopleural bristles not arranged in an equilateral triangle, prealar bristle absent, antennas with bare or finely pubescent arista, hind tibia with no bristles on posterodorsal sur- face. Eingdahl (39) has followed Stein in the treatment of the Swedish forms of Limnophora. This generic concept forms the basis for the present classification of the species from North America. In 1918 and 1921 Malloch (26) (28) unintentionally redefined Schnabl and Dziedzicki ’s conception of the subgenus Limno- phora, with possibly minor differences, raising the group to full generic rank. He based his conception of the genus on an en- tirely new set of delimiting characters. The large number of species formerly accredited to the genus he (28) placed under the generic name Melanochelia Eondani, a mistake for the name Spilogona, as later recognized by him (31). In 1921 Collin (5), working independently, also redefined the segregates comprising the genus, using identically the same characters introduced by Malloch to restrict the group Lim- nophora, namely the presence of hairs along the lateral margins of prosternum and base of vein B. 4 + 5. In addition Collin attempted to fix the segregates by depicting the probable nature of palustris Eobineau-Desvoidy, and by designating compuncta Wiedemann as the type of Spilogona. In treating of the Euro- pean genera I have generally accepted the synonymy indicated by Collin. Seguy (51) in 1923 and Karl (19) in 1928 used the characters adopted by Malloch and Collin to classify the species of Lim- nophora sens.-lat. occurring in France and Germany respectively. There are four nominal genera described from North America which are closely related to the genus Limnophora. Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophoea 33 In 1913 Malloch (25) described the genus Paralimnophora for the reception of the single new species, P. brunnesquama (= narina Walker), the specimens being taken in New Hamp- shire, New Brunswick, and Quebec. Stein (59) has pointed out that the generic name is preoccupied. There appear to be no characters of sufficient significance to warrant the separation of the genus from Spilogona. In 1918 Malloch (26) introduced the new genus Bucephalomyia with the species Tetramerinx femorata Malloch as type. In 1919 Aldrich (2) erected the genus Sphenomyia for the reception of the single new species, 8. kincaidi, taken in Alaska. There are two species referable to this genus, kincaidi and biquadrata (Walker). The males resemble those of Spilogona leucog aster (Zetterstedt), differing generically in that the wing vein R. 4 + 5 has a few setulge towards base. In 1920 Malloch (27) described the two genera Eulimnophora and Lispoides, with the types Limnophora arcuata Stein and Limnophora cequifrons Stein respectively, both species being of wide distribution in North America. The former genus is now considered by Malloch (32) as a synonym of Gymnodia Robineau- Desvoidy. I have refrained from including Schnabl’s genus Limnospila (48), containing the single palsearctic species L. albifrons (Zetterstedt), as a component part of Limnophora, despite the fact that the species naturally belongs to the Limnophorinas rather than the Coenosiinge, because I am not certain regarding the relationship of the genus to other genera, such as Tetramerinx Berg. Artificially the genus may be separated from Limnophora by the position of the sternopleural bristles, which are situated in the form of an equilateral triangle, as in Tetramerinx. I am inclined to believe that this single character can no longer serve the purpose of delimiting the Coenosiinge from the Limnophoringe. The first formal attempt to list the North American species belonging to the genus Limnophora sens.-lat. was in 1878 when Osten Sacken published his catalogue of North American diptera. The family Anthomyiidge contained largely the names of Walker’s species from Canada and the United States, those of Loew’s from North America, the determinations of material sent 34 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL by Professor Hagen of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, to Mr. Meade in England, and of records of species mentioned by Holmgren (15) as occurring in Greenland. There are eleven or twelve nominal species listed, which are scattered among the genera Aricia, Eriphia, Hylemyia, Limnophora, and Anthomyia. In 1898 Stein (54), working on the collections of Hough, Aldrich, Johnson, and Nason, recorded six species of Limnophora, and in 1920 (60), with a second consignment of material from Aldrich, Johannsen, Bradley, and Melander before him, recog- nized eighteen additional species, and gave a key to twenty-one North American forms. In 1905 Aldrich (1) published his catalogue of North American diptera, which not only incorporated the records of Osten Sacken, but also brought together the faunal lists of Slosson (52), Bigot (3), Williston (64), Coquillett (9), and Stein (54), besides the Mexican records of Giglio-Tos (15), and Van der Wulp (62). Excluding the Mexican species, there are seventeen species listed in Limnophora, one in Ccenosia, and three in Spilogaster, mak- ing a total of twenty-one species. Iu 1921 Malloch (28) published his keys to the genera Melanochelia (Malloch not Rondani) and Limnophora sens.-str., recording therein many of the species described by him. In the former group there are twenty-four species included, whilst in the latter four. More recently Johnson (18) has listed seventeen species from New England, included in the groups Lispoides, Limnophora, Spilogona, and Paralimnophora Malloch; and Leonard (21) has recorded fifteen species in the New York State list of insects. In the following pages there are listed the records of eighty- one species and two varietal forms. Mr. Collin (6a) has recorded twelve additional species occurring in Greenland, which I have not been able to examine ; likewise there are the records of five more species from North America which I am unable to verify owing to the fact that the material has not been available for study. In all there must be about one hundred species so far recognized as occurring in North America. Of the species that have been studied there are three in Limnophora; two in Pseudolimnophora ; two in Sphenomyia; one Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 35 in Buchephalomyia ; one in Lispoides; three in Gymnodia; and sixty-eight species and two varieties in Spilogona. Of these, thirty-fonr constitute additional records for North America, and twenty-nine are described as new to science. Key to Subgenera 1. Vein B. 4 + 5 with a few setulse at base on dorsal or ventral surface of wing i 2 - Vein B. 4 + 5 with no setulse at base on dorsal or ventral surface of wing . 5 2. Prosternum with a series of hairs along lateral margins 3 - Prosternum with no series of hairs along lateral margins 4 3. First abdominal sternum with no setulse. Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy - First abdominal sternum with setulse Pseudolimnophora Schnabl. " 4. Frontal vitta with a black polished triangular area, small and confined to vicinity of ocellar triangle in male, large and extending to base of antennse in female ; sternopleural bristles arranged in the order 1:1; hind tibia with an apical anterodorsal bristle Sphenomyia Aldrich )-dl - Frontal vitta pollinose, with no polished triangular area; sternopleural bristles arranged in the order 1:2; hind tibia with no apical antero- dorsal bristle Bucephalomyia Malloch < 5. Parafrontal setulse descending on parafacials to a level below that of base of third antennal segment ! Lispoides Malloch __ - Parafrontal setulse not descending on parafacials to a level below that of base of third antennal segment A 6 6. First abdominal sternum bare Spilogona Schnabl and Dziedzicki ' - First abdominal sternum with a few setulse 7 7. Eyes abnormally large and expansive when viewed in profile, reducing the parafrontals, parafacials, and caudal half of cheeks to lineal pro- portions; abdominal marks arcuate in outline; hind tibia with apical anterodorsal bristle absent Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy - Eyes not restrictive of other parts of head owing to their abnormal size when viewed in profile ; abdominal marks subtriangular or spherical in outline; hind tibia with apical anterodorsal bristle present. Spilogona Schnabl and Dziedzicki - k Subgenus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy Limnophora Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop.- Carol. Deutsch. Akad. d. Naturforsch., 1911 XCY Nr. 2 pp. 141 . 151.— Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1918 XLIV No. 782 p. 274.— Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII pp. 61 . 64.— Malloch, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1921 ser. 9 VII p. 165. — Collin, 36 Journal New York Entomological Society t Vol. XL Ent. Month, Mag., 1921 ser. 3 VII pp. 96 . 243.— Seguy, Fanne de France, Part VI, 1923 pp. 196 . 199. — Malloch, Entomol. Mitteilung., 1928 Bd. XVII Nr. 4 p. 290. — Karl, Die Tierwelt Deutschl., T. XIII 1928 pp. 92 . 94. Lencomelina Macqnart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. 4, 1850 p. 234. — Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1883 (1882) ser. 6 XII p. 19. — Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1885 (1884) ser. 6 XIV p. 263. — Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 1893 VII No. 147 p. 7. — Giglio-Tos, Ditteri del Messico, 1895 Pt. IV p. 18. — Van der Wulp, Biolog. Centr.-Americ., 1896 II p. 326.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 548. — Williston, North American Diptera, 1908 3rd ed. p. 334.— Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1910 XXXVII No. 1719 p. 560. — Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abli. d. Kaiserl. Leop- Carol. Deutsch, Akad. d. Naturforsch., 1911 XCV Nr. 2 pp. 141-150.— Malloch, Ent. News, 1921 XXXII p. 43. The restriction of the genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy to a more specific grouping of the species was first attempted by Schnabl (45) in 1889, to be followed by further contributions on the problem in 1890 (46) and 1902 (47). In 1911 Schnabl and Dziedzicki (49) published their important wrork, Die Antho- myiden, in which the relationship of the various segregates of Limnophora is set forth at some length. The group concepts were largely based on a series of arbitrary characters of which that of the male genitalia formed an important contribution. Fifteen European species and one varietal form are included in the subgenus Limnophora, most of which had heretofore been recorded by authors in such genera as Limnophora sens.-lat., Spilogaster, Aricia, and Coenosia. No type was designated for the new subgenus. In 1918 and 1921 Malloch (28) redefined the group on the basis of an entirely new set of characters, restricting the group to those species with setuke at base of vein B. 4 + 5, and with a series of hairs along lateral margins of prosternum. His con- cept of the group approaches that of Schnabl and Dziedzicki. In 1921 Collin .(5), working independently, used almost the same identical characters introduced by Malloch to classify the British species of Limnophora. He records Coquillett ’s prior Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 37 designation of Limnophora palustris Robineau-Desvoidy as type of the genus, and depicts the probable appearance of this species by a reference to the generic description of Robineau-Desvoidy.3 Seguy (51), with minor changes, followed Collin in the classifi- cation of the French species of Limnophora. In 1928 Karl (19) designated the well known European species Musca notata Fallen as type of the subgenus Limnophora. This species conforms to the concept of the segregate as outlined by Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Malloch, and Collin according to Dr. J. M. Aldrich,4 but whether the species is conspecific with any of Robineau-Desvoidy ?s original species, including palustris, it is impossible to say definitely.5 In 1850 Macquart (24) established the genus Leucomelina, with the new Brazilian species Leucomelina pica as type. In his description of the genus Macquart drew attention to the char- acter of vein M. 1 + 2, which he described as curved at apex, thus restricting the cell B. 5 at margin of wing. In 1885 Bigot (3) came to the conclusion that there was very little evidence for the retention of Macquart ’s genus, and favored its suppression and union with Limnophora sens.-lat. In 1893 and 1895 Giglio- Tos (13) described three additional Mexican species, and in 1896 Van der Wulp (62) revised the genus as restricted to Mexico, characterizing the genus as possessing the vein M. 1 + 2 distinctly curved at apex, in contrast to the entirely straight vein in Limnophora. In 1911 Schnabl and Dziedzicki (49) maintained the group as a subgenus of Limnophora sens.-lat., separating it from Limnophora sens.-strat. by the distal curva- ture of vein M. 1 + 2. Stein (59), in listing the genera of the world, recorded the species of Leucomelina described by Mac- quart and Giglio-Tos among those of Limnophora sens.-lat. Malloch (29), in re-examining Van Der Wulp’s species, recog- nized the congeneric relationship between Leucomelina and Lim- nophora as restricted by him. He stated further that the Limnophora of Yan Der Wulp contained three species that belong 3 I have already discussed the problem concerning the designation of not only this species but also that of Musca notata Fallen as types of Limno- phora on page 29. 4 From an unpublished manuscript. s From correspondence with Dr. J. Yilleneuve. 38 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL to Leucomelina, species which in common with many of those in Europe and North America have not the vein M. 1 + 2 curved forward at apex. Numerous authors (44) (43) (34) (61) (37) have followed Macquart (23) in using the loosely constructed genus Spilogaster for the reception of one or more species of Limnophora sens.-lat., notably in the case of Musca notata Fallen. Westwood (63) has designated Musca quadrum Fabricius as the type of the genus, a species which has been included by recent European workers in the genus Helina Robineau-Desvoidy. Diagnostic characters : — Wing with a few setulse at base of vein B. 4 + 5 ; prosternum with a series of hairs along lateral margins ; first abdominal sternum with no setulse ; hind tibia with apical anterodorsal bristle lacking. Key to Species 1. Males 2 - Females . .3 2. Eyes separated by a distance less than that between cephalic pair of parafrontal bristles ; parafrontals with a series of bristles confined to cephalic half, and with a distinctive pair of setulose bristles adjacent the anterior ocellus: presutural acrosticals arranged in three or four irregular series : vein M . 1 + 2 curved more or less forward at apex, thereby narrowing the cell B. 5 at wing margin narona Walker - Eyes separated by a distance greater than that between cephalic pair of parafrontal bristles, the latter weakly developed, and continued in an uninterrupted series to vertex: presutural acrosticals arranged in two irregular series : vein M. 1 + 2 straight to wing margin discreta Stein 3. Parafrontals at level of anterior ocellus narrower than distance between posterior ocelli : scutellum with a median brownish mark : vein M. 1 + 2 curved more or less forward at apex, thereby narrowing the cell B. 5 at wing margin narona Walker - Parafrontals at level with anterior ocellus broader than distance between posterior ocelli : scutellum entirely grayish : vein M. 1 + 2 straight to wing margin 4 4. Mid tibia with a median anterodorsal bristle groenlandica Malloch - Mid tibia with no median anterodorsal bristle discreta Stein Limnophora (Limnophora) narona (Walker) Anthomyia narona Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Museum, 1849 IV p. 945. — Osten Sacken, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1878 III p. 169.— Johnson, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1895 XLYII p. 336. Mar., 1932] HUCKETT: LlMNOPHORA 39 Anthomyia prominula Thomson, Dipt. Eug. Resa, 1868 p. 550. Homalomyia dentata Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1885 (1884) ser. 6 IV p. 284. Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 538. Limnophora cyrtoneurina Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1898 (1897) XLII p. 203.— Coquillett, Dipt. Invert. Pacif., 1904 I p. 33. Limnophora narona Stein, Zeitschr. f. Hymen, u. Dipt., 1901 I Heft 4 p. 202.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll, Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 547. — Smith, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mns. 1909, 1910 p. 791. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1911 Abt. A Heft 1 p. 132. — Johnson, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist., 1913 XXXII Art. 3 p. 76. — Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1918 XLIV No. 782 p. 274. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 47 . 56. — Britton, Bull. 31 Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Snrv., 1920 p. 198.— Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 64.— Cole and Lovett, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1921 XI No. 15 p. 311. — Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1925 No. VII p. 229. — Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Limnophora prominula Thomson, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1910 XXIX Heft 2 and 3 p. 67. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A Heft 1 p. 136. Limnophora dentata Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A Heft 1 p. 134. Records : — Florida, 1 J, Palatka, May 3-4, 1916 ; 1 4 J, Lakeland, May 6, 1916. (J. C. Bradley). Georgia, 2 J1, 1 5, Spring Creek, Decatur Co., July 16-29, 1912 ; 3 6 5, Billy’s Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June, 1912. Tennessee, 1 Roan Mt., Carter Co., August 10, 1922. (T. H. Hubbell ) . Nevada, 1 2, Indian School, Pyramid Lake, July, 1911. (J. M. Aldrich) . New Mexico, 1 2? Socorro, — (S. W. Williston) : 1 J', 1 2? Las Cruces, June 15, 1917. California, 1 lCf, Los Angeles, Aug. 3- . ( J. M. Aldrich) : 2 J', Berkeley, Sept. 16, 1906 : 1 J', Berkeley Hills, 500-1000 ft. Sept. 9, 1907 ; 1 Mesa Grande, Russian R., Sept. 30, 1906 ; 40 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL 1 J', 1 §, Sisson, Aug. 14, 1908. ( J. C. Bradley) ; 1 5, Fresno, Nov. 15, 1922. (E. Phillips): 1 $, Stanford U., Dec. 29, 1897; 2 $, Portola, Sept. 5, 1917. (Cornell U. Exped.) 1 Samoa Beach and Dunes, Humboldt Co., June 18, 1907. Oregon, 1 J1, Hermiston, July 9, 1922. Washington, 1 5, Lake Chelan, Steheldn, July 30, 1919 (A. L. Melander) : 2 lCf, Lake Paha, July 20, 1920 ; 1 J', Ritzville, Sept. 9, 1920; 1 5? Coulee City, Sept. 3, 1920 (R. C. Shannon) . Idaho, 3 J1, Soldier Creek, Priest Lake, Aug. 22, 1919 ; 1 J1, Potlatch, Sept. 20, 1919 (A. L. Melander). Alberta, 1 $, Banff, Aug. 5, 1925 (Owen Bryant). Illinois, 1 5, Muncie, May 29, 1919. New York, 1 J1, McLean, Sept. 11, 1920 ; 1 J', Ithaca, Aug. 19, 1920 ; 1 J1, Ringwood, Ithaca, June 26, 1920 ; 1 Michigan Swamp, Tompkins Co., July 12, 1921. Johnson (17) has considered Leucomelina garrula Giglio-Tos as a synonym of narona. I have only been able to see a female specimen of garrula that has been authentically named, and pre- fer to leave the matter open until more material is available. The species is widely distributed throughout the North Amer- ican continent, specimens having been seen from Mexico, Florida, and Texas; California, Washington, and Oregon; Illinois; New Jersey and New York; the New England States; and Canada. There is a considerable degree of variation according to the localities, but an examination of the genitalic appendages has failed to indicate any significant differences that might justify the separation of the specimens into more than one species. In a series of specimens from the Okefenokee Swamps of Georgia, the vein M . 1 + 2 is very slightly curved at apex and the calyptras are intensively infuscated. In occasional specimens there are only three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles instead of the normal four pairs. Limnophora (Limnophora) discreta Stein Limnophora discreta Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1898 (1897) XLII p. 204.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 547. — Smith, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus. 1909, Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 41 1910 p. 791. — Johnson, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1913 XXXII Art. 3 p. 76. — Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1918 XLIV No. 782 p. 275. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A Heft 1 p. 134.— Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 64. — Marchand, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1923 XVIII p. 58. — Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII 1925 p. 228. — Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Limnophora incrassata Malloch, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1919 ser. 4 IX No. II p. 299. Leucomelina discreta Cole and Lovett, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1921 ser. 4 XI No. 15 p. 311. Records :• — • New Mexico, 1 Socorro— 1916 (S. W. Williston). Nevada, 1 5, Ormsby Co., July 6 — (Baker). California, 1 Los Angeles Co., April; 1 Fallen Leaf, 6500 ft., July 17, 1917 (J. M. Aldrich). Oregon, 1 $, Hood River, June 8, 1917 (F. R. Cole) : 1 .J', Eagle Creek, Aug. 2, 1921. Washington, 1 $, Entiat, July 26, 1919 ; 1 J, Central Ferry, Sept. 3, 1921 ; 1 5, Paradise Park, Mt. Rainier, Aug., 1921 ; 3 lC^, Mt. Adams, July 24, 1921 ; 1 J1, Lake Stephens, Everett, Aug. 3, 1917 ; 1^, 1 2, Hoods Canal, Potlatch, July 28, 1917 ; 1 Van Trump, Mt. Rainier, July 21, 1922; 3 J', Sluiskin, Mt. Rainier, July 28, 1922 ; 1 Mazama Rdg., Mt. Rainier, July 23, 1922 ; 1 Moscow, June 8, 1921 ; 2 2> Priest Lake, Cavanaugh B., Aug. 18, 19 — ; 1 J1, Lake Waha, June 9, 1918 (A. L. Melander) > 1 lCf, Mt. Moscow, July, 1922 (J. M. Aldrich). Alberta, 1 2, Banff, July 4, 1925 (Owen Bryant) : 1 2, Nordegg, July 5, 1921 (J. McDunnough) : 1 lCf, Great Slave Lake, N. W. T., Aug., 1925 (J. Russell). Wyoming, 1 2, U. Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7, 1918 (A. L. Melander). Montana, 1 2? Summit Sta., 5200 ft. July 25 — . Utah, 1 Emigrant Canyon, Wasatch Mts., 7000 ft. July 8, 1911. 42 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL Colorado, 1 Tennessee Pass, July 24, 1917 ; 1 J1, 10,240 ft. July 11 _ (J. M. Aldrich). New York, 1^,1 Ringwood, Ithaca, June 26, 1920; 1 July 13, 1920 ; 1 $, June 14, 1920 : 1 J, Fall Creek, Ithaca, April 26, 1921 ; 1 J1, Ithaca, May 23, 1920 : 1 July 1-7 — (J. M. Aldrich). 1 .J1, 3 J, Buttermilk, Ithaca, July 10, 1920 ; 1 ?, July 18, 1920 ; 4 J1, 1 $, Coy Glen, Ithaca, June 12, 1920; 1 2, Sept. 10, 1920 : 1 <£, Taghanic, Ithaca, July 17, 1920 : 1 2, Montezuma Marsh, Cayuga Co., July 1, 1920 : 1 Riverhead, L. I., April 21, 1926; 1 J1, Aug. 20, 1927: 1 J1, Wantagh, L. I., June 12, 1921: 1 J1, Hempstead, L. I., April 24, 1921 ; 1 J1, June 3, 1921 ; 1 J, June 5, 1921 ; 1 2? April 10, 1921: 1 Mattituck, L. I., May 20, 1921: 1 2? Albany, June 24, 1920 : 1 2, Shelving Rock Br., Lake George, Sept. 2, 1920 (M. D. Leonard). New Hampshire, 2 2, Franconia, — (Mrs. Slosson). This, species is almost coextensive with narona in its distribu- tion, having been recorded from Florida and New Mexico ; Cali- fornia, Oregon, and Washington; the Rocky Mountain States of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, and the Canadian Province of Alberta; Illinois; New Jersey, New York, and New England. I have a large series of specimens before me among which there are occasional specimens with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles instead of the normal four pairs. In isolated cases there is a slight indication that the vein M. 1 + 2 is curved at apex. In the males the distance separating the eyes across the frons varies considerably in extent. In none of the female specimens has the mid tibia a median anterodorsal bristle, though in a few specimens the fore tibia possesses a median posterior bristle. Limnophora (Limnophora) groenlandica Malloch Limnophora groenlandica Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XL VI No. 802 p. 147.— Malloch, Canad. Ent,., 1921 LIII p. 64. The species is recorded from Greenland, being represented only by the female sex. As indicated by Malloch ’s description and key, the female very closely resembles that of discreta. Mar., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 43 Submenus Pseudolimnophora Strobl Pseudolimnophora Strobl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1894 (1893) XLIII p. 272.— Coquillett, Jonrn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1901 IX p. 140. — Collin, Ent. Month. Mag., 1921 ser. 3 VII p. 97. — Karl, Tierwelt Dentschlands, T. XIII 1928 p. 94. Stroblia Pokorny, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1894 (1893) XLIII p. 541. Coenosia Meade, Descr. List Brit. Anth., 1897 II p. 74. Limnophora Schnabl, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 1889 XXIII p. 335. — Schnabl, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 1890 (1889-1890) XXIV pp. 496 . 500. — Pandelle, Revue ent. France, 1899 XVIII p. 131. — Schnabl, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1902 XXI Heft 6 p. 133. — Stein, Katal. Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 669. — Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1910 XXXVII No. 1719 p. 596.— Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop.-Carol. Deutsch, Akad. d. Naturforsch., 1911 XCV Nr. 2 p. 152. — Stein, Arch. f. Natur- gesch., 1914 (1913) Abt. A Heft 8 pp. 27 . 28. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft 10 pp. 83 . 111. — Ring- dahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX Heft 2 p. 160.— Stein, Arch, f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 46M7. — Seguy, Faune de France, Part VI 1923 p. 199. The genus Pseudolimnophora was erected by Strobl (61) in 1894 for the reception of six nominal species. Later in the same year Pokorny (38) described the genus Stroblia, an arbitrary change of name for Pseudolimnophora. Pokorny included in this genus the original species listed by Strobl, including triangula Fallen and Limnospila albifrons Zetterstedt {-obscur- ipes Rondani) of North American occurrence. In 1901 Coquillett (11) designated Musca triangula Fallen, the first species of the original series, as the type of Pseudolimnophora. In 1921 Collin (5) maintained the group as a subgenus of Limnophora sens.-lat., indicating its relationship to Limnophora sens.-str. through the possession of a few setulas at base of vein B. 4 + 5 and the pres- ence of a series of hairs on lateral margins of prosternum. The species belonging to this group were included in the genus Ccenosia by earlier European authors, no doubt on account of the widely separated eyes and the strongly developed vertical and ocellar bristles in the male. Later workers transferred the 44 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL species triangula, albifrons, and nigripes to the genus Lim- nophora sens.-lat ., chiefly on account of the markings and struc- ture of the abdomen. Diagnostic characters : — Wing vein R. 4 + 5 with a few setulas at base; prosternum with a series of setulse along lateral mar- gins ; first abdominal sternum with s-etulse ; hind tibia with apical anterodorsal bristle lacking; eyes in male as widely separated as in female. Limnophora (Pseudolimnophora) nigripes (Robineau- Desvoidy) Limosia nigripes Rob.-Desv., Essai Myod., 1830 p. 541. Coenosia nigripes Macquart, Hist. Nat, d. Ins., 1835 II p. 349. — Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1838 VII p. 336. — Rondani, Della Soc. Ital. Scienze Natural!, 1866 IX p. 203. — -Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prodr., 1877 VI p. 267. Limnophora ( Limnophora ) nigripes Schnabl, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 1889 XXIII p. 335. — Seguy, Faune de France, Part VI 1923 p. 202. Limnophora nigripes Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1914 (1913) Abt. A Heft 8 p. 29. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft 10 p. 105.— Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX p. 160. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 47 . 57. — Ringdahl, Tromso Museums Arshefter, 1928 (1926) XLIX No. 3 p. 28. Limnophora ( Pseudolimnophora ) nigripes Collin, Ent. Month. Mag., 1921 ser. 3 VII p. 241. — Karl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Th. XIII 1928 p. 94. Pseudolimnophora nigripes Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 277, pis. 17 . 24. Records : — Alaska, 3 J', 3 §, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, June, 1919 : 5 <^, 2 §, July, 1919 : 5 J1, 1 J, July 27, 1919 : 1 July 28, 1919 : 1 ?, July 31, 1919 : 1 Long’s Peak Trail, above timber line, July 20—. (Cockerell) The species was described from specimens collected by Dr. J. C. Bradley in British Columbia of which the above British Columbia specimens are at least representatives of the original series sent to Stein for determination. The species very closely resembles another from British Columbia, sectata (p. 112), differ- ing in that the oral margin of subrostrata is slightly protruded beyond a level with base of antennas and the calyptras are whitish. In the female such differences are less apparent. Limnophora (Spilogona) hyperborea (Boheman) Aricia hyperborea Boheman, Ofversigt Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Forhandlung, 1865 XXII p. 571. ? Aricia labiosa Boheman, Ofversigt Kongl. Vetens. Akad. For- handlung., 1865 XXII p. 571. f Aricia megastoma Boheman in part, Ofversigt Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Forhandlung, 1865 XXII p. 572. Aricia dor sat a Holmgren not Zetterstedt, Kongl. Svensk. Vetens. Akad. Handlung, 1869 VIII No. 5 p. 29. — Holmgren, Ofver- sigt Kongl. Vetens, Akad. Forhandlung, 1873 (1872) No. 6 p. 101. — Holmgren, Ent. Tidskr, 1883 IV p. 167. — Osten Sacken, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst, 1878 III p. 164. 108 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Aricia fuliginosa Holmgren, Kongl. Svensk. Yetens. Akad. Hand- lung., 1869 VIII No. 5 p. 30. Aricia conspurcata Holmgren, Kongl. Svensk. Yetens. Akad. Handlung., 1869 VIII No. 5 p. 31. ' Aricia illot a Holmgren, Kongl. Svensk. Yetens. Akad. Handlung., 1869 VIII No. 5 p. 32. Limnophora conspurcata Stein, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1902 XXI p. 57. — Stein, Katal. Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 670. Limnophora fuliginosa Stein, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1902 XXI p. 59. — Stein Katal. Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 671. Limnophora illota Stein, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1902 XXI p. 59. — Stein, Katal. Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 671. Hyetodesia dorsata Aldrich not Zetterstedt, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLYI No. 1444 p. 541. Limnophora frigida Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1920 XLI p. 27. Limnophora peary i Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLYI No. 802 p. 151. Melanochelia peary i Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 63. Limnophora hyperborea Collin, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1923 ser. 9 XI p. 117.— Collin, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1924 ser. 9 XIY p. 201.— Collin, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1925 ser. 9 XYI p. 336. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) hyperborea Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 265.— Collin, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1931 ser. 10 YII p. 83. Record : — ■ 1 lCf, Nettilling Lake, Baffin Land, July 9, 1925. ( J. D. Soper) This species was described from Spitsbergen by Boheman (4), and is listed by Holmgren (15) under the name dorsata Zetter- stedt as occurring in Greenland. This error in identification lead to the recording of dorsata as a North American species in the catalogues of Osten Sacken (36) and Aldrich- (1). So far as I know the true dorsata has not yet been recognized as occurring in North America. The above specimen from Baffin Land was submitted to Mr. J. E. Collin for identification, who reported that for hyperborea the specimen was very small and not typical except for the genitalia. I have quoted the synonymy given by Collin (6.6a). Holmgren (15) and Stein (56) have both regarded hyperborea as a synonym of dorsata Zetterstedt, June, 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 109 An examination of the type and allotype of pearyi Malloch revealed that there were no tangible differences between these specimens and those of hyperborea from Sweden, the latter being kindly furnished by Mr. Ringdahl. The male paratype of pearyi in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey is in my opinion another species, differing essentially from the type in having a series of short bristles on proximal half of postero- ventral surface of hind femur, in lacking the median ventral bristle on mid tibia, and in not having the oral margin pro- truded beyond a level with base of antennae. The species keys to the same couplet with subrostrata from which it may be separated in both sexes by the possession of a few setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities of scutellum adjacent the apical bristles, the sternopleural bristles are arranged in the order 1 : 2, and not 1:1. In the male the halteres are black, whereas in subrostrata they are yellow. Limnophora (Spilogona) obsoleta Malloch Limnophora obsoleta Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLVI No. 802 p. 149.— Frison, Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., 1927 XVI Art. 4 p. 203. Melamochelia obsoleta Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 62. Melanochelia hirticauda Malloch, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1921 4th ser. XII p. 181. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) obsoleta Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon- don, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 271. Records : — - Alaska, 1 lCf, St. Paul Island, July 12, 1920 ; 1 2, Aug. 10, 1920. (G. D. Hanna) 1 J1, 1 2, Savonoski, Naknek Lake, June 1919 ; I 2, July 1919. ( J. S. Hine) 1 2? Point Barrow, June 22, 1882. (John Murdock) The species was described from Greenland. Later Malloch had the same species before him when he described hirticauda from St. Paul Island, Alaska, as indicated by a comparison of paratypes of hirticauda with the type of obsoleta. The species may be readily recognized by the abnormally small calyptrae. In this respect the species resembles the following, melanosoma (p. 110), the calyptrae of which are slightly larger. In addition, 110 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL both species possess one or more mid ventral bristles on mid tibia, the abdomen is uniformly deep seal brown in color, with no markings, and the face is noticeably blackened. However obsolete/, may be distinguished from melanosoma through the possession of a series of short bristles on posteroventral surface of hind femur. Limnophora (Spilogcna) melanosoma new species Male, blackish ; head with grayish pruinescence on parafrontals and para- facials; cheeks and face of darker contrasting shade, the former velvety with brownish sheen, the latter blackish: antennae and palpi blackish; pro- boscis pollinose. Thorax and abdomen largely blackish, concolorous; meso- notum with trace of pruinescence; humeral callosity grayish pruinose. Legs black, pulvilli brownish tinged. Wings slightly infuscated, more' noticeably so on the membrane adjoining the veins, darker basad. Calyptrae tinged with yellow: halteres brownish black. Head with eyes separated by a distance equal to that between posterior ocelli; frontal vitta entire, narrowed caudad, distinctly separating the para- frontals ; parafrontal bristles extended in series caudad to nearly a level with the anterior ocellus: parafacials at base of antennae about as wide as average breadth of third antennal segment, but little narrowed ventrad: cheeks in height nearly equal to length of third antennal segment, the latter about one and a half times as long as broad. Thorax with acrosticals setulose, the presutural setulae in two irregularly paired series; with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; scutellum with a few setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent apical bristles: sternopleural bristles, 1: 1. Abdomen sub cylindrical, marginal and discal bristles of terga finely devel- oped; basal sclerite of hypopygium with numerous erect bristles: processes of fifth sternum with a few fine bristles on distal half and having a small polished apical callosity on inner margin. Fore tibia with no median posterior bristle : mid femur with a series of posteroventral bristles on proximal half; mid tibia with no anterodorsal bristle, with 2 or 3 posterior and 2 or 3 posteroventral to ventral bristles: hind femur with 5 or 6 anteroventral bristles on distal half ; with no bristles on posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 to 4 anteroventral, 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and 2 or 3 weaker posterior bristles. Costa with a distinctive series of short setulse. Female, paler than male: head with parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks brownish pruinescent, the latter with dark reflections : mesonotum largely brownish infuscated, with three more or less distinctive vittae, the sublaterals broader than and not as well defined as the dorsocentral vitta; scutellum with brownish marks laterad at basal angles; mesopleura largely brownish infuscated: abdomen grayish, subshining, with trace of ill-defined brownish June, 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 111 markings on terga 3, 4 and 5 : wings clear or as in male ; calyptrse yellow- ish; halteres yellow. Head with paraf rontals setulose ; paraf acials and cheeks much higher than breadth of third antennal segment, with numerous setulse along the ventral half of facial margin. Abdomen with marginal and discal bristles stronger developed: ovipositor with spinules on anal plates. Fore tibia with or without a median posterior bristle: mid tibia with 1 or 2 anterodorsal, 2 or 3 posterodorsal, 1 posterventral, and 2 or 3 ventral bristles : hind legs similar to male: costa with a series of prominent setulse. Length 5.5 mm. Records :— . 1 ({, 2 J, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Alaska, July, 1919 ; 2 J, August 1, 1919; 1 J1, Katmai, Alaska, July, 1917. (J. S. Hine) Type and allotype in the collection of Professor J. S. Hine, Columbus, Ohio. This species closely resembles obsoleta, but may be distin- guished in both sexes from the latter by the lack of bristles on the proximal half of posteroventral surface of hind femur, the shorter setulte on costa of wing, and by the slightly larger size of the lower scale of calyptras. Limnophora (Spilogona) novae-angliae Malloch Limnophora novce-anglice Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLYI No. 802 p. 151. Melanochelia novce-anglice Malloch, Canad. Ent. 1921 LIII p. 62. Spilogona novce-anglice Malloch, Psyche, 1924 XXXI No. 5 p. 201. — Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. No. VII.. 1925 p. 229. Records : — • Quebec, 1 5, Kazubazua, June 6-10, 1927. (W. J. Brown) Ontario, 1 J, Kearney, June 20, 1926 ; 1 J', Sand Lake, July 1, 1926. (F. P. Ide) New Brunswick, 1 J1, Fredericton, June 15, 1920, on fir. (R. P. Gorham) Maine, 1 S. W. Harbor, Sept, 6, 1922. (C. W. Johnson) New Hampshire, 1 ?, base Mt. Washington, 2600 ft. Aug. 22, 1914; 2 .J Bretton Woods, 2000 ft. Aug. 23, 1914. (C. H. Townsend) 112 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL British Columbia, 1 5, Hedley, 7000 ft, July 23, 1923. (C. B. D. Garrett) 1 5, Grouse Mt. Vancouver, Sept. 3, 1926. (J. Stanley) Alaska, 1 Katmai, July, 1917 ; 1 J, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Aug. 1, 1919 ; 1 ?, Aug. 14, 1919. ( J. S. Hine) The species was described from Maine and Labrador, and evi- dently occurs throughout the Canadian life zone extending West to British Columbia and Alaska. Malloch (31) has compared the species to brunneisquama Zett., from which it may be readily separated by the presence of longish bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface of hind femur. Stein (60) has recorded brunneis quama (= armipes Stein) as occurring in North America, but, in my opinion, the record should be verified by an examina- tion of the specimens before being accepted. The species is most closely related to the following, sectata, the males of both species having the characteristic yellowish ealyptrge, the deeply incised fifth sternum, and similar bristling on the mid tibia. In the above series of specimens all the females and only one male possess a strong median ventral bristle on mid tibia in addition to the robust median posteroventral bristle. In the females the second, third, and fourth segments of fore tarsi are noticeably broadened in contrast to the cylindrical shape of the first segment. Limnophora (Spilogona) sectata new species Male;, blackish: head with parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks grayish pruinescent with dark reflections; frontal vitta black, opaque; antennae and palpi black; frontal triangle and proboscis polished. Thorax blackish, subshining; mesonotum with trace of brownish pruinescence ; presutural area with median vitta; scutellum entirely black. Abdomen largely black- ish, subshining, with grayish pruinescent areas restricted to cephalolateral angles of terga, 3, 4, 5, into which the tergal markings become more or less merged ; terga 1 + 2 entirely blackish, terga 3, 4 and 5 with expansive black markings ; basal sclerities of hypopygium blackened, shining. Legs black, pulvilli yellowish brown. Wings infuscated, blackened basad. Calyp- trae intensively yellowish : halteres deep yellow. Head with eyes separated by a distance about equal to that between pos- terior ocelli exclusive; frontal vitta reduced to lineal proportions caudad, barely separating the parafrontals: parafacials at base of antennae not as broad as width of third antennal segment: cheeks equal in height to breadth of third antennal segment, with a series, of short upturned bristles along June, 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 113 the ventral margin: antennae small, third segment slightly longer than sec- ond; arista with minute pubescence. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose; with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles, 1: 1. Abdomen conical, markings expansive, ill-defined and reaching to ventral regions of terga, those on tergum 3 trapezoidal and obscurely divided at middle, those on tergum 4 subtriangular, smaller, and more distinctly divided at middle, those on tergum 5 reduced; sterna 2 and 3 broader than long, sternum 5 deeply incised, with a few short setulse and fine bristles laterad. Fore tibia with no median posterior bristle : mid femur with a series of 5 or 6 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal, 1 or 2 posterior, 1 median posteroventral, and in addition 2 short median ventral bristles : hind legs missing (compare those of female). Wings with costal thorn inconspicuous, with veins E. 4 4-5 and M. 14-2 slightly divergent toward wing margin. Length, 5.5 mm. Female, paler than male, otherwise similar; frontal vitta deep black; frontal triangle brownish pruinescent: thorax densely grayish pruinescent with brownish markings: mesonotum with a median vitta and irregular markings laterad: scutellum with brownish spots at basal angles: abdomen grayish pruinescent, subshining, with large brownish markings on terga 14-2, 3, and 4, and a median vitta on tergum 5. Wings clear, with trace of yellowish tinge basad: veins yellowish brown, becoming paler basad: r-m and m-cv, cross veins clouded obscurely. Eyes separated by a distance slightly greater than one third the maximum width of head; parafrontals with short irregularly developed bristles; para- facials at base of antennae as wide as breadth of third antennal segment. Abdomen with bristles weakly developed ; ovipositor with setulose hairs on anal plates; sternum 3 longer than greatest width; abdominal markings subtriangular, extending to ventral region of terga. Fore tibia with no median posterior bristle: mid femur with 4 or 5 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface ; mid tibia with 1 antero- dorsal, 1 or 2 posterior, and 2> or 3 bristles on ventral surface which vary in their position from antero- to posteroventral: hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, with no series of longish setulose bristles on posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 or 3 antero- ventral, 2 anterodorsal, and 2 weaker posterodorsal bristles; fore tarsi with segments 2 to 4 cylindrical, normal in appearance. Wings with E. 4 4- 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent toward wing margin. Length, 6.5 mm. Records : — 1 July 1919 ; 1 J1, 1 ?, July 27, 1919 ; 2 July 28, 1919. ( J. S. Hine) Colorado, 1 Tenn. Pass, July 23, 1917 ; 1 2? 1024 ft., July 10— (J. M. Aldrich) The species most closely resembles aerea and addict a (p. 133), from which it may be separated in both sexes by the possession of a series of short bristles on proximal half of posteroventral June, 1932] HUCKETT: LlMNOPHORA 133 surface of hind femur. In the female of obscuripennis and ad- dicta the frontal triangle and proboscis are pollinose, not polished as in aerea. Limnophora (Spilogona) addlcta new species Male, blackish ; parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks whitish pruinescent ; frontal triangle polished; proboscis lightly pollinose, subshining ; abdomen with dense grayish pruinescence, terga 3 and 4 with blackish marks when viewed from behind. Wings smoky, but little darkened basad. Calyptrse infuscated; halteres blackened, sopietimes brownish. Pulvilli whitish. Head with eyes separated by a distance not greater than that between posterior ocelli, parafrontals contiguous cephalad of anterior ocellus ; frontal vitta gradually broadened cephalad. Parafacials, in profile, receding ventrad, at base of antennae slightly protruding beyond a level with vibrissae ; cheeks with a prominent series of upcurved bristles. Thorax with an inter- mediate predorsal bristle in marginal series on mesopleura. Abdomen with a pair of large subquadrate marks on tergum 3, with a pair of smaller, more widely separated subtriangular marks on tergum 4, tergum 5 un- marked; basal sclerite of hypopygium lightly pollinose, faintly subshining. Pore tibia with no median posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of longish bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median posterior bristles : hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface with no series of short bristles on proximal half; hind tibia with 2 to 4 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, the posterior surface with or without weak setulose bristles. . Female, similar to male ; parafrontals brownish infuscated ; parafacials and cheeks paler; frontal triangle pollinose. Thorax grayish black, the mesonotum and scutellum largely more or less brownish infuscated. Ab- domen concolorous with thorax, subshining, with paired brownish subtri- angular marks on terga 3 and 4, the markings more or less indistinct. Calyptrse yellowish tinged; halteres brownish to yellowish. Ovipositor armed with spinules on final plates. Fore tibia with no median posterior bristle: mid femur with 2 or 3 fine bristles on proximal third of posteroventral surface ; mid tibia with or without an anterodorsal bristle, with 2 median posterior bristles : hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, postero- ventral surface with no series of short bristles; hind tibia with 2 to 4 anteroventral, ,2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with or without 1 or 2 sefulose bristles on posterior surface. Length, 4.5-5. 0 mm. Records : — * 3 2 y, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Alaska, June 1919; 1 J, July 1919 ; 1 ?, July 28, 1919 ; 1 Aug. 2, 1929 ; 9 l(2, 7 J, Aug. 7, 1929. (W. J. Brown) 1 J', Anticosti Isle, Aug. 6, 1923. (F. Johansen) Nova Scotia, 8 J*, 6 J, Kentville, July 3, 1924. (R. P. Gor- ham) 138 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL The males of aerea are characterized by the following com- bination of characters, the lack of a series of short bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface of hind femur; by the possession of one or two weak bristles situated immediately ventrad of dorsal bristle of mesopleural series (this position be- ing devoid of accessory bristles in closely allied species) ; by the fact that the wings, if infuscated, are uniformly tinged, being very little if any darker basad. In these respects the species agrees with the male of addicta, but differs from the latter species in that the markings on tergum three are fused across the dorsum into a broad black band, and the proboscis is entirely polished. In the female of aerea and addicta the first two characters men- tioned above also hold true, but the female of the former species differs from that of the latter in having the frontal triangle polished and not pollinose. There is a great deal of variation in the coloration of halteres and calyptrae. In the males they may be yellowish or brownish, or tinged with purple or black, and the calyptrae may be whitish to yellowish. Limnophora (Spilogona) pulvicrura new species Male, blackish; parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks whitish pruinescent with dark, occasionally reddish, reflections; frontal vitta whitish pollinose; antennae and palpi black; proboscis shining. Thorax blackish, opaque, with whitish pruineseenee on presutural region, postsutural area and scu- tellum darker, with three narrow brownish vittae and obscure markings laterad, the vittae most distinct on presutural region; scutellum entirely black ; pleura blackened. Abdomen largely blackish on ' dorsum, markings ill defined but apparently fused across dorsum; the cephalolateral angles of terga 3, 4, and 5 of paler pruineseenee when viewed from behind; terga 1 + 2 entirely blackish. Legs blackish, tibiae with grayish pruineseenee. Wings clear, tinged slightly basad, veins b,rown. Calyptrae whitish with margins pale yellow; halteres blackened. Eyes separated by a distance equal to length of third antennal segment; frontal vitta uniformly distinct throughout; parafrontals broad, each about equal to half breadth of frontal vitta, parafrontal bristles weak, continued in series to level with frontal triangle, with few accessory setulee; para- facials at base of antennae equal to breadth of third antennal segment; cheeks broad, in height equal to length of third antennal segment, ventral border of cheeks with numerous fine setulae and bristles; third antennal segment but little longer than broad; arista short, swollen at base. June, 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 139 Mesonotum with numerous setulae; acrosticals setulose; postsutural dorso- central bristles four pairs ; sternopleural bristles arranged 1:1; sterno- pleura with a noticeable tuft of coarse bristles cephalad of coxa. Abdomen subcylindrical, with fine bristles and setulae on terga, marginal and discal series not well differentiated as to size; fifth sternum sparsely setulose, the setulse becoming longer along inner margin and on apical region, with broad blunt processes, the inner margins of which are slightly attenuated at apex. Tibial bristles fine and weakly developed. Fore tibia with or without a median posterior bristle: mid femur with a series, of short bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with or without an anterodorsal bristle, with 1 or 2 posterodorsal bristles: hind femur with 4 to 7 anteroventral bristles on distal half, posteroventral surface bare; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles. Female, paler in color than male ; head, thorax, and abdomen slate gray ; head with parafrontals and ventral border of cheek more or less brownish pollinose, concolorous with ocellar triangle. Mesonotum with brownish vittse, mesopleura brownish pollinose on dorsal border; macrochaetae of mesonotum and scutellum set in brownish spots. Abdomen with paired brownish transverse marks on caudal half of terga 1 + 2, 3, 4, those on terga 1 + 2 more or less obscure ; fifth tergum unmarked. Halteres deep yellow, tinged with purple. Calyptrae whitish or yellowish. Eyes separated by a distance greater than length of antennae; para- frontals average one-half to three-quarters as wide as frontal vitta, with numerous setulae ; paraf rontal bristles comparatively weak ; parafrontals and cheeks in profile broad, the former at base of antennae and the latter ventrad of eye at least equal to length of third antennal segment. Ab- domen with marginal and discal bristles of terga more distinctly differ- entiated than in male; ovipositor with sclerites polished and shining, anal plates with fine setulae. For tibia with 1 or 2 median posterior bristles: mid femur with a few sparsely set bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with or without a median anterodorsal bristle, with 2 posterior bristles : hind legs as in male. Length, 5-6 mm. Records : — - 4 9 Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Alaska, June 1919 ; 4 4?, July 1919. (J. S. Hine) Type and allotype in the collection of Professor J. S. Hine, Columbus, 0. Paratypes in collection of United States National Museum. Three males of the above series possess one or more setulas on the first abdominal sternum. The species superficially resembles 140 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL nobilis Stein, from which it differs essentially in both sexes in having no fine bristles on proximal third of posteroventral sur- face of hind femur, the ventral bristles on sternopleura are coarser and more tufted, and in the female the anal plates of ovipositor possess fine hairs and not spinules. Limnophora (Spilogona) carbonella (Zetterstedt) Aricia carbonella Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., 1845 IV p. 1414. Spilogaster carbonella Rondani, Della Soc. Ital. Scienze Naturali, 1866 IX p. 117. — Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prodr., 1877 VI p. 102. — Stein, Entom, Nachr., 1888 XIV No. 24 p. 372. — Stein, Entom. Nachr., 1893 XIX p. 216. — Strobl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1894 (1893) XLIII p. 220. — Slosson, Ent. News, 1895 VI p. 6.— Czerny, Wien Ent. Zeitg., 1901 XX Heft I and 2 p. 37.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 544. Spilogaster nigrinervis var minor Strobl, Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1894 (1893) XLIII p. 220. Aricia ( Spilogaster ) carbonella Pandelle, Revue entom. Prance, 1899 XVIII p. 114. Limnophora carbonella Stein, Katal. Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 669. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft 10 p. 97.— Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX No. 2 p. 161. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) carbonella Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop.-Carol. Deutsch. Akadem. Naturforsch., 1911 XCV Nr. 2 p. 154. — Karl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 1928 Th. XIII p. 97.— Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 279, pis. 18.22. Spilogona carbonella Johnson, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII, 1925 p. 229. Records :— 1 Anchorage, Alaska, June 15, 1921; 1 J1, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 30, 1921. (J. M. Aldrich) This European species has been recognized by Coquillett (52) from material captured by Mrs. A. T. Slosson on Mount Wash- ington, New Hampshire. It is doubtful whether these specimens are still in existence. I have before me two male specimens of this species, one from Sweden sent by Mr. Ringdahl, and another June, 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 141 from Strobl’s collection belonging to Dr. A. L. Melander, to- gether with the above two specimens collected by Dr. Aldrich in Alaska. There are differences between the European and American specimens of this species which might be construed to be of specific importance, but the matter is a delicate one, and I feel reluctant to accord them full recognition with the limited series available. In the European specimens there are three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles (on one side of the Swedish specimen there are four postsutural dorsocentral bristles), and the halter es are blackish. In addition there are other differences, such as the arista, which has relatively long hairs for this genus, is not swollen at base, the parafacials and cheeks are no wider than the breadth of third antennal segment, the vibrissae and abdominal bristles are noticeably robust, the hind femora have no distinc- tive setulose bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface, differences which tend to accentuate the tendency to separate the specimens. On the other hand, in the Alaska specimens there are four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, the halteres are deep yellow with a trace of purplish, the arista is minutely pubescent and is decidedly swollen at base, and the cheeks are fully as high as width of third antennal segment, the vibrissas and abdominal bristles are not noticeably robust, and the hind femur has a distinctive series of short setulose bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface. In addition the first sternum of abdomen has a few setulae, and the eyes a few hairs, such setulas and hairs are lacking in the European specimens. All the specimens agree in having the wings densely in- fuscated, the abdominal marks, hypopygium, and processes of fifth sternum of similar appearance, the third and fourth sterna with shorter setulae than that on second and fifth sterna, and the legs, except for the variation on the anteroventral surface of hind femur already mentioned, with similar chaetotaxy. The males of carbonella closely resemble those of imitatrix Malloch and bisetosa, From the former species the sexes may be distinguished by the vestiture; on the processes of fifth abdominal sternum, and by the bristling on the postero- 142 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL ventral surface of hind femur. In carbonella the processes of fifth sternum have no dense series of setuhe at base adjacent the inner margin, and the hind femur has two or three short bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface, whereas in imitatrix the processes of fifth sternum possess a dense series of appressed setulse at base, and the posteroventral surface of hind femur is bare. In the males of bisetosa the hind femur has no bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface, and the processes of fifth abdominal sternum have no dense series of appressed setulae at base. Limnophora (Spilogona) nobilis Stein Limnophora nobilis Stein, Berl. Bnt. Zeitschr., 1898 (1897) XLII Heft 3 and 4 p. 207. — Coquillett, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900 II p. 445. — Stein, Ann. Mus. Nation, Hungarici, 1904 II p. 465. — Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLYI No. 1444 p. 547. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A Heft I p. 136. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 p. 47. Melanochelia nobilis Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII pp. 62.63. — Malloch, N. A. Fauna, No. 46 Bur. Biol. Surv., U. S. D. A., 1923 p. 191. Becords : — Alaska, 1 ^ 1 J, Katmai, July 1917. (J. S. Hine) 1 J1, Seward, July 24, 1921; 1 , Medical Lake, July 14, 1920; 1 1 J, Lake Paha, June 20, 1920; 4 J, Coulee City, Sept. 3 1920. (R. C. Shannon) 1 j1, Pateros, Aug. 3, 1919. (A. L. Melander) 1 J1, Oroville, (no date). (Coquillett) Wyoming, 1 J1, Caso Firehole R., Yellowstone Park, Aug. 18, 1918; 1 J, Canyon Camp, Yellowstone Park, (no date). (A. L. Melander) 1 $, Yellowstone Park, July 25, 1916, elev. 7394 ft. (Mont. Exp. Sta.) Colorado, 4 ' - FIELD COMMITTEE A. S. Nicolay, Mrs. A. S. Nicolay DELEGATE TO TEE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES William T. Davis JOURNAL of the NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Published quarterly by the Society at Lime and Green Sts.. Lancaster, Pa. All communications relating to the Journal should be sent to the Publication Committee, New York Entomo- logical Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York City ; all subscriptions to Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Pa., or to the Treasurer, Gaylord C. Hall, 144 E. 22nd St., New York City, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, Frank E. Watson, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Terms for subscription, $3.00 per year, strictly in advance. Please make all checks , money-orders, or drafts payable to New York Entomological Society. Twenty-five reprints without covers are furnished free to authors. Additional copies may be purchased at the following rates : - . ' . . >, 1 S ' ' ' . ' 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 24 pp. 32 pp. 25 copies Additional 100’s ... ... $2.40 60 $5.22 1.44 $5.58 1.92 $5.58 1.92 $9.00 3.00 $9.60 3.00 Covers 50 copies, $2.50; additional 100 ’s, $1.50. Half-tone prints 1% cents for each half-tone print. Authors whose papers are illustrated with text figures or full page plates will be required to supply the electrotypes or pay the cost of making the same by the Journal and also to pay the cost of printing full page plates on coated paper, when advisable. September, 1932 No. 3 Vol. XL JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY SEPTEMBER, 1932 Edited by HABRY B. WEISS Publication Committee Harry B. Weiss Charles W. Leng J. D. Sherman, Jr. C. E. Olsen Published Quarterly by the Society Lime and Green Sts. LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK, N. Y. 1932 Entered as second class matter July 7, 1925, at, the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized March 27, 1924. Subscription $3.00 per Year. CONTENTS The North American Species of the Genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, with Descriptions of New Spe- cies (Muscidae, Diptera). By II. C. IIuckett 279 Synopsis of the Cicindelidae, I. By Alan S. Nicolay and Harry B. Weiss 341 Three New Species of Exptochiomera from the United States (Hemiptera-Lygaeidae). By 11. G. Barber 357 Neocloeon, a New Mayfly Genus (Ephemerida). By Jay II. T raver 365 A New Form of Hyloicus Discovered in Ecuador by W. Judson Coxey. By W. S ciiaus 375 The Food of Batrisodes globosus (Lee.), (Coleop. : Psela- phidae). By Orlando Park 377 Five Sericine Beetles. By Robert J. Sim 379 New Records of Lepidoptera from New York. By Alexander B. Klots 385 Book Notice 389 “ Necrophorus ” or “ Nicrophorus.” By Melville H. Hatch 391 Errata 391 NOTICE: Volume XL, Number 2, of the Journal of the New York Entomological Society was published on July 5, 1932. JOURNAL OF THE New York Entomological Society Vol. XL September, 1932 No. 3 THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIMNOPHORA ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (MUSCID^, DIPTERA) (Continued from page 158) By H. C. Huckett Riverhead, N. Y. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) compuncta Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop. -Carol. Dentsch. Akadem. d. Natur- forsch., 1911 XCY Nr. 2 p. 154. — Collin, Ent. Month. Mag., 1921 ser. 3 VII pp. 97. 166. — Seguy, Faune de France, No. VI 1923 p. 212. — Karl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 1928 Tb. XIII p. 101.— Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 277, pis, 17. 24. The species has been recorded by Coquillett (8) in his list of diptera occurring on the Commander Islands. I have not seen these specimens and hence am not able to verify the record. I have before me a male and female specimen of compuncta from Sweden, sent by Mr. 0. Ringdahl, which in my opinion differ from the following species recorded from Alaska, although the two species are closely allied. In the European specimens the frons including the frontal vitta is lightly whitish pollinose, the proboscis is highly polished, the hypopleura has a single setula on upper margin cephalad of metathoracic spiracle, the mid tibia has no ventral bristle, and has two well developed anterodorsal bristles, the bristles on the 279 NOV 2 1932 280 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL anteroventral surface of hind femur are well developed, even on proximal half, and the first abdominal sternum has numerous setulas. In addition, the male abdomen is broadly ovate, with densely cinerous purinescence on dorsum when viewed from behind, and with well defined blackish areas on ventral aspect of terga, which become brownish marks when viewed from in front. Terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, with grayish pollen along the caudal margin, tergum three with a pair of trapezoidal marks, tergum four with a pair of narrower, subtriangular markk, tergum five with a blackish to brownish fuscous area along dorsocentral plane, such markings confined to dorsum of abdomen. Processes of fifth abdominal sternum with a marked constriction at apex on inner margin, which is smooth and highly polished. In the female the mesonotum has only a well marked dorso- central vitta, the scutellum is entirely grayish, terga 1 + 2 largely grayish pollinose with two small brownish spots, terga three and four with paired roundish marks on dorsum, tergum five at most with trace of dorsocentral marking, terga three, four, and five with large brownish areas on venter, anal plates of ovipositor with short fine spinules, fore tarsal segments slender, not broad- ened. Limnophora (Spilogona) alliterata new species Male, blackish; parafrontals and parafacials whitish pruinescent, cheeks duller, with dark reflections ; frontal vitta black, viewed from below with light brownish pollen; frontal triangle polished; antennae and palpi black; proboscis with trace of pruinescence. Thorax blackish, subshining, with at most a trace of brownish pruinescence, with a presutural dorsocentral vitta when viewed from above and in front, otherwise the mesonotum and scutellum are entirely blackish. Abdomen densely brownish gray pruines- cent, with conspicuous brownish black, paired marks on terga 1 + 2, 3, and 4, with a lighter brownish dorsocentral mark on tergum 5. Legs black, pulvilli brownish tinged. Wings lightly infuscated, darker basad. Calyp- trae yellowish tinged. Halteres deep yellow. Eyes separated by a distance wider than breadth of third antennal seg- ment; frontal vitta narrow, gradually broadening cephalad, distinctly separating the parafrontals caudad; parafrontal bristles in series to a level approximating the anterior ocellus, those on caudal half of series much weaker than those on cephalic half; parafacials, at base of antennae, about equal in breadth to that of third antennal segment, considerably narrower ventrad; cheeks slightly higher than width of third antennal seg- Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 281 merit, with a series of weak upturned bristles along ventral margin, and with a number of short bristles and setulse adjoining the vibrissse. Thorax with acrosticals setulose; with four pairs of postsutural dorso- central bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1: 1. Abdomen broadly ovate, with conspicuous paired marks, which become successively smaller and more widely separated caudad, those on terga 1 + 2 large and expansive, narrowly separated at middle, those on terga three and four slightly arcuate in outline, tergum five with a lighter dorso- central mark; basal sclerite of hypopygium pollinose; first sternum with setulse. Fore tibia with a fine median posteroventral bristle: mid femur with a complete series of fine longish anteroventral setulae which become stouter basad, with a series of fine bristles on proximal two-thirds of posteroventral surface ; mid tibia with or without a short anterodorsal bristle, with 1 or 2 posterior bristles, and with or without a median posteroventral bristle: hind femur with a complete series of anteroventral bristles, those on proximal half shorter and finer than those on distal half, with a series of fine bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 or 3 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, with or without 1 or 2 weaker posterodorsal bristles. Pulvilli robust. Wings with veins IS. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent toward wing margin; m-cu cross vein sinuate, oblique; costal thorns very small. Female, similar to male, thorax and abdomen more densely grayish pollinose, with intensive seal brown markings. Parafrontals brownish in- fuscated along border of frontal vitta; proboscis lightly pollinose. Thorax with five brownish vittse, the median three more pronounced, with a more or less narrow^ transverse infuscated area immediately caudad of transverse suture; scutellum with large brownish areas at basal angles. Abdominal markings concolorous with those of thorax. Wings clear, veins dark brown. Head from in front much broader than high ; frontal vitta wider at narrowest than length of third antennal segment; parafrontals setulose; proboscis stoutly developed. Abdomen with three pairs of expansive marks on terga 1 + 2, 3, and 4 respectively, each pair distinctly separated at mid- dle, those on terga three and four arcuate in outline; with or without indi- cations of a dorsocentral vitta on terga three and four. Ovipositor with fine spinules on anal plates. Fore tibia with 1 or 2 posterior bristles, irregularly placed: mid femur with a series of short bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with or without a short anterodorsal bristle, with 2 posterodorsal bristles, and with or without a posteroventral bristle: hind femur with fine bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 or 3 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, with 1 or 2 setulose bristles on posterodorsal surface. Fore tarsus with conspicuous fine sensory hairs at apex of each segment on antero- and posteroventral surfaces; pulvilli short. Length, 5.5-7 mm. 282 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Records : — 1 J*, 3 , Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Alaska, July 1919 ; 1 J', 3 5, August 1, 1919 ; 1 J*, August 1919. ( J. S. Hine) 2 5, Banff, Alta. July 4, 1925. (Owen Bryant) 1 (J, 2 J, Tennessee Pass, Colo., 10240 ft. July 11.— (J. M. Aldrich) Type and allotype in collection of Professor J. S. Hine, Colum- bus, Ohio. Paratypes in collection of the United States National Museum. The species very closely resembles compuncta, especially in the male sex, and there is a probability that this was the species recorded by Coquillet (8) as compuncta. However, in compari- son with European specimens of the latter species there are cer- tain significant differences present in the female of alliterata which, in my opinion, justify the separation of the species on taxonomic grounds. In the female of alliterata the thorax is intensively marked by three to five vittas, the scutellum has broad patches at basal angles of scutellum, the markings on the abdomen are arcuate in outline, and the bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface are weakly developed, setulose, whereas in compuncta the thorax has only a median vitta, the scutellum is entirely grayish pollinose, the abdominal marks are roundish and restricted in area, and the bristles on anteroventral surface of hind femur are stoutly developed, even to base. The males of alliterata may be distinguished from those of compuncta by the lack of well developed bristles on anterodorsal surface of mid tibia, by the lack of a marked apical process or attenuation on inner margin of processes of fifth abdominal sternum which is highly polished, and by the weaker develop- ment of those bristles on proximal half of anteroventral series of hind femur. There is a third species related to the above two, namely novce-anglice , which in the female may be readily distinguished by the presence of a stout mid ventral bristle on mid tibia, and in the male by the lack of a median posterior bristle on fore tibia, and by having the first sternum of abdomen bare. The male of the specimens collected in Colorado differs essen- tially from those taken in Alaska in having the parafrontals contiguous, thereby reducing the distance between the eyes. Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 283 Limnophora (Spilogona) trilineata new species Male, blackish; parafrontals and parafacials densely silvery pruinescent; cheeks with duller pruinescence, with reddish to blackish reflections; frontal vitta black with trace of brownish pruinescence ; frontal triangle and, proboscis polished; antennae and palpi black. Thorax subshining, with three broad bandlike vittae on mesonotum, with paler pruinescent streaks along the planes of dorsocentral bristles and on lateral declivities of meso- notum; scutellum subshining, blackish, with a more or less obscure paler pruinescent area on discal surface. Abdomen densely pale grayish pruines- cent with dark reflections ; terga 1 + 2, three, four, and five with paired blackish marks, tergum five with brownish infuscation; basal sclerite of hypopygium lightly grayish pruinescent. Legs blackish, pulvilli brownish tinged. Wings smoky, more densely infuscated basad; calyptrae tinged with yellowish brown; halteres deep yellow. Eyes with numerous hairs, separated by a distance equal to that between posterior ocelli; parafrontals contiguous caudad; frontal vitta considerably broadened cephalad; parafrontal .bristles continued in series caudad to about level with apex of frontal triangle; parafacials at base of antennae broader and cheeks higher than width of third antennal segment, the former but little constricted ventrad, the cheeks well maintained caudad. Thorax densely setulose, acrosticals setulose, postsutural dorsocentral bristles four pairs, sternopleural bristles arranged 1 : 1, mesopleural series of bristles with one or two intermediate predorsal bristles. Abdomen conical, terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, faintly divided at middle ; terga three and four with marks sharply defined, those on tergum three trapezoidal, on tergum four subtriangular, the latter smaller and more widely separated than those on tergum three; tergum five with a pair of small subtriangular marks restricted caudad. Fore tibia with no median posterior bristle : mid femur with a few weak short bristles on proximal third of anteroventral surface, with 5 strong straight bristles on proximal half and a series of fine longish setulae on distal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 3 posterior bristles: hind femur with 3 or 4 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface with no series of bristles; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 2 anterodorsal bristles, and with or without 1 or 2 weaker bristles on posterior surface. Wings with veins E. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent towards wing margin. Female, paler than male; head with dense grayish brown pruinescence; parafrontals with brownish infuscation ; frontal vitta black ; frontal triangle brownish pruinescent. Thorax densely pollinose, with three narrow brown- ish vittae between the dorsocentral bristles, and broader vittae laterad; scutellum with brownish areas at basal angles ; macrochaetae set in brownish spots. Abdomen grayish pollinose ; terga 1 + 2 largely grayish pollinose ; with trace of brownish marks on terga three and four ; tergum five with a brownish dorsocentral vitta. Wings faintly tinged, slightly infuscated basad; veins brownish. Calyptrae yellowish. 284 Journal New York Entomological Society L Vol. XL Eyes with a few -inconspicuous hairs; cheetotaxy of thorax similar to that of male. Abdomen with traces of brownish marks on terga 1 + 2, terga three and four with widely separated subtriangular marks; ovipositor with spinules on anal plates. Pore tibia with no posterior bristle : mid femur with 4 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 posterior bristles: hind legs missing. Length, 6 mm. Records : — 1 5, Carcross, Yukon Territory, July 21, 1919. (H. G. Dyar) 1 J1, Anchorage, Alaska, June 6, 1921. (J. M. Aldrich) Type and allotype in the United States National Museum. The species is to be readily distinguished from other North American forms of this genus by the hairy eyes and by the peculiar form of the vittse on mesonotum. In the males the eyes are particularly hairy, and the thorax has three broad, ribband- like vittse lying within and without the planes of the dorsocentral bristles when viewed from in front : in the female the dorso- central marking is subdivided into three narrow distinctive vittse, all of which lie between the series of dorsocentral bristles. The species most closely resembles the European species de- pressiuscula Zett. specimens of which have been kindly sent to me for comparison by Mr. Ringdahl after he had examined the American specimens. Limnophora (Spilogona) imitatrix (Malloch) Melanochelia imitatrix Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 64. — Frison, Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., 1927 XVI Art. 4 p. 204. Male blackish ; parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruines- cent ; cheeks not so densely pruinescent, with dark reflections ; antennas and palpi black; proboscis polished. Thorax blackish, subshining, with trace of grayish brown pruinescence ; abdomen densely grayish brown (cinerous) pruinescent; terga 1 + 2 largely blackish ; terga three, four, and five with paired blackish marks, those on tergum five more or less fused and less distinc- tively colored than those on previous segments ; hypopygium and fifth sternum blackish, lightly pollinose, subshining. Legs blackish, pulvilli tinged. Wings lightly infuscated, more deeply so basad and on membrane adjoining the proximal half of costa : Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 285 calyptrse whitish ; halteres yellowish brown, with trace of purplish. Head with eyes relatively large, separated by a distance slightly greater than diameter of anterior ocellus ; paraf rontals, parafacials, and cheeks restricted : paraf rontal bristles strongly developed, continued in series caudad to about level with apex of frontal triangle ; parafrontals contiguous, thereby restricting the frontal vitta ; parafacials at base of antennae narrower than breadth of third antennal segment, but little narrowed ventrad ; cheeks about as high as length of third antennal segment, with a series of prominent upcurved setulae along the ventral margin; antennae short. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1:1; mesopleural series of bristles with one or two weak inter- mediate predorsal bristles. Abdomen with markings on each successive segment decidedly smaller than the ones preceding, restricted to dorsum of terga ; terga three and four with marks trapezoidal, on the former segment the marks are broader than long and are narrowly separated, on the latter segment the marks are longer than broad and are more distinctly separated; tergum five with narrow subtriangular areas, closely adjacent ; processes of fifth sternum with dense setuhe. Fore tibia with no posterior bristle : mid femur with a series of 2 or more erect bristles on proximal half of posteroventral sur- face, most of which are very stoutly developed ; mid tibia with 2 or 3 posterior bristles: hind femur with 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, proximal half of posteroventral surface bare ; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 weaker posterior bristles. Wings with veins R. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent toward wing margin ; m-cu cross vein erect, but slightly sinuate. Female paler in color than male; head grayish pruinescent; parafrontals with brownish infuscation along border of frontal vitta ; proboscis highly polished. Thorax densely grayish prui- nescent, with a distinct brownish dorsocentral vitta, and with brownish sublateral areas not so well defined; scutellum with 286 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL brownish marks at basal angles, otherwise densely grayish prui- nescent. Abdomen grayish prninescent, subshining, with paired, brownish marks on terga 1 + 2, three, and four ; tergum five with a brownish dorsocentral vitta. Wings clear, veins yellowish brown ; halteres yellow. Parafrontals with a few setulae, parafacials at base of antennas as wide and cheeks fully as high as breadth of third antennal segment. Abdominal marks widely separated, those on terga three and four subtriangular : ovipositor with fine setulae on anal plates. Mid femur with 2 or 3 posteroventral bristles: hind femur with 3 to 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, otherwise bristling of legs similar to that of male. Length, 5 mm. Records : — 1 J', Bering Island, July-August 1922. (L. Stejneger) 1 Banff, Alta., June 29, 1925; 2 §, July 5, 1925. (Owen Bryant) 1 J', Hopedale, Labrador, July 7, 1923; 1 J, July 8, 1923. This species was included by Malloch in his key to the North American forms of Spilogona (= Melanochelia Malloch nee Ron- dani) without further description. The type which had evi- dently been designated and is to be found in the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey, is from Nain, Labrador. All the specimens of this species that I have examined, including the type, have four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, and not three pairs as indicated in Malloch ’s key. The species resembles biset osa (p. 300) in that the mid femur of male possesses a series of very stoutly developed, erect, bristles on posteroventral surface, the wings are densely infuscated basad, and the hind femur has no bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface. However in imitatrix the thorax has four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, the mesopleural series of bristles has 1 or 2 weakly developed intermediate pre- dorsal bristles, and the processes of fifth abdominal sternum have a dense series of short setulas at base adjoining the inner border, whereas in bisetosa the thorax has three pairs of post- sutural dorsocentral bristles, the mesopleural series of bristles has no accessory predorsal bristles, and the processes of fifth Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 287 abdominal sternum have no dense series of setulse at base. In the female these differences also hold true except for the fifth abdominal sternum. The male specimen from Berling Island differs from those from Labrador or Alberta in having the abdominal marks on tergum three fused across the dorsocentral plane, and on tergum four the marks are triangular in shape, the inner margins of which are divergent cephalad. Limnophora (Spilogona) brevicornis (Malloch) Tetramerinx brevicornis Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1917 XLIX p. 226.— Malloch, Ent. News, 1918 XXIX p. 32.— Frison, Bull, 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., 1927 XVI Art. 4, p 209. Limnophora brevicornis Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLVI No. 802 p. 148. Melanochelia brevicornis Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII pp. 62. 63. Records : — Alberta, 2 J', 3 J, Lake Newel, June 9, 1923. (Walter Carter) Montana, 1 J1, Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 9, 1918. (A. L. Melander) Wyoming, 1 J, U. Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7, 1918. (A. L. Melander) Colorado, 1 J1, no locality nor date label. New York, 1 }, Essex Co., Lot 46. Quebec, 1 J1, Roberval, July 28, 1913. (G. Beaulieu) ; 1 J, Ciaticook, Sept. 10, 1913. (J. I. Beaulne) Maine, 1 J, Machias, July 17 — . The species was described from Illinois, females having been captured on the shores of Lake Michigan. The type and allotype are in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana. In color of pruinescence the species resembles Cretans , but that species has bristles on proximal half of posteroyentral surface of hind femur, and the hind tibia has only one strong bristle on anterodorsal surface of hind tibia. The male of brevicornis may be readily recognized by the peculiar marking on the meso- notum, and the female by the large densely ( grayish pruinose 288 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL frontal triangle of head, and by the presence of stout spinelike hooks on the suranal plate of ovipositor. The mesonotum of the male, when viewed from above and in front,, is grayish white pruinescent with a more or less obscure brownish dorsocentral vitta on the presutural area, and a rectangular, spotlike brown- ish mark between the first and third pairs of post sutural dorso- central bristles. Limnophora (Spilogona) incauta new species Male;, brownish gray; parafrontals and parafacials whitish pruinescent; cheeks duller, with dark reflections; frontal vitta blackish, viewed from below with brownish pruinescence ; frontal triangle pollinose; antennae and palpi blackish; proboscis polished. Thorax grayish, subshining, meso- notum with prominent brownish dorsocentral and narrow sublateral vittse; lateral marks more or less obscure ; scutellum largely grayish with brownish marks at basal angles. Abdomen lightly grayish brown pruinescent, sub- shining, with a narrow brownish interrupted dorsocentral vitta; terga 1 + 2 largely grayish when viewed from behind ; terga three and four with paired brownish black marks ; tergum five infuscated on caudal half ; macrochsetse set in brownish spots; basal sclerite of hypopygium blackish, subshining. Legs blackish, pulvilli brownish. Wings tinged faintly, but little, if any, darker basad; cross veins clear. Calyptrse yellowish; halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance about equal to twice that between posterior ocelli ; frontal vitta distinctly separating parafrontals throughout their entire length; parafrontal bristles strongly developed, continued in series caudad to a level- approaching that of anterior ocellus; parafacials at base of antennae about as wide as width of third antennal segment; cheeks higher than greatest width of parafacials. Thorax with acrosticals setulose, with four pairs of postsutural dorso- central bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1: 1. Abdomen cylindrico -conical; markings on terga three and four sub- triangular, widely separated and restricted to dorsum; sternum five with numerous fine longish setulse. Fore tibia with 2 posterior bristles: mid femur with a series of fine short anteroventral bristles, and with a series of 6 posteroventral bristles on proximal half; mid tibia with 1 or 2 anterodorsal, and 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 4 anteroventral bristles on distal half, and a series of fine setulse on proximal half of anteroventral surface, posteroven- tral surface with the setulse on median third stronger developed than those on proximal or distal third ; hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 or 3 weaker posterior bristles. Wings with veins JS. 4 + 5 and M . 1 + 2 divergent towards wing margin; m r-cu cross vein slightly sinuate. Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 289 Female, paler in color than male, parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks brownish gray pruinescent; parafrontals with brownish infuscation along border of frontal vitta. Thorax more densely grayish pollinose than in male, otherwise similar; abdominal marks variable, abdomen with or with- out a dorsocentral vitta ; terga i + 2 uniformly grayish pruinescent, terga 3 and 4 with paired brownish marks. Wings yellowish tinged, especially basad; veins yellowish brown.* Parafrontals with a few setulse, parafacials and cheeks in profile wider than breadth of third antennal segment; buccal area of cheeks with few, if any, setulse along ventral margin; sternopleural bristles arranged 1: 2. Abdominal marks indefinite in outline and size, widely separated; ovi- positor with fine setulse on anal plates. Fore tibia with 1 or 2 posterior bristles: mid femur with a series of bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 1 or 2 anterodorsal, and 2 or 3 posterior bristles: hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, and with or without 1 to 3 longish setulse on posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 or 3 weaker posterior bristles. Length, 6.5 mm. Records : — 1 J, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, Alaska, June 1919 ; 1 J1, 1 July 1919; 1 ?, July 27, 1919. (J. S. Hine) Type and allotype in the collection of Professor J. S. Hine, Columbus, 0. Two of the above females have three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; the allotype has a series of three and four such bristles ; the male has four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles and this number I have assumed to be the normal number. In the females there is also a considerable degree of variation in the development of the setulae on posteroventral surface of hind femur, whilst in the single male "specimen the setulae are much stronger developed on median third than on proximal or distal third of posteroventral surface. The male specimen has two setulse on the first abdominal sternum. The species most closely resembles rufitarsis, from which it differs in the male through the shape of the abdomen and in the color of fore tarsi and calyptrae: in the female of rufitarsis the parafacials are relatively narrow, being constricted ventrad, whereas the cheeks are relatively broad, being higher than breadth of parafacials at base of antennae : in incauta the para- 290 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL facials and cheeks are moderately broad, the former being scarcely narrower ventrad than at base of antennas. Limnophora (Spilogona) fuscomarginata new species Male, blackish ; parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruinescent ; cheeks whitish pruinescent with dark reflections; frontal vitta black with whitish pruinescence ; frontal triangle and proboscis polished; antennae and palpi black. Thorax largely blackish, subshining, with trace of brownish pruines- cence on mesonotum, vittae obscure; humeral and notopleural callosities grayish. Abdomen with grayish pruinescence on cephalolateral angles of terga three, four, and five ; terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, terga three and four with large expansive black marks, tergum 5 with narrow marks which are more or less obscured by infuscation on caudal half; basal sclerite of hypopygium blackish, subshining; processes of fifth sternum with the inner border reddish brown in color. Legs black ; pulvilli brownish tinged. Wings smoky, more inter sively infuscated basad: calyptrse tinged; halter es yellow. Eyes separated by a distance about equal to breadth of third antennal segment; frontal vitta narrow, linear caudad, separating the parafrontals throughout; parafrontal bristles strongly developed, series extending caudad to almost level with anterior ocellus; parafacials linear in profile, at base of antennae narrower than breadth of third antennal segment; cheeks about as high as width of third antennal segment, with a series of upturned setulae along ventral margin. Thorax; with two closely adjacent series of presutural acrostical bristles, the latter fine and setulose, with four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles ; sternopleural bristles arranged 1 : 1. Abdomen narrowly conical, terga 1 + 2 with marks obscurely separated at middle, terga three and four with marks subtriangular, more or less distinctly divided at middle, tergum five with narrow obscure triangular marks; processes of fifth sternum clothed with fine setulae and a few weak bristles along inner border. Fore tibia with no posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of short weak anteroventral bristles .which become appressed on distal third, with a series of longish bristles on proximal two-thirds of posteroventral sur- face; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 3 or 4 bristles on distal third of anteroventral surface, and a series of short weak setulose bristles on proximal two-thirds of anteroventral and posteroventral surfaces, the bristles not readily distinguished; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 weaker posterior bristles. Wings with veins E. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 subparallel; m-cu cross vein erect, or slightly sinuate. Female,, paler than male; parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks grayish pruinescent, the former with trace of brownish infuscation along border of frontal vitta; frontal vitta black with grayish frontal triangle; thorax Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 291 and abdomen grayish, subshining ; mesonotum with three brownish vittse ; scutellum with brownish marks at basal angles; abdomen with brownish paired marks on terga 1 + 2, three, and four ; tergum five with brownish dorsocentral vitta and infuscation on caudal half. Wings slightly tinged, r-m and m-cu cross veins clouded; veins brownish; calyptrse yellowish tinged. Parafrontals with a few setulae: ovipositor with fine setulae on anal plates. Fore tibia with no posterior bristle: mid femur with 2 or 3 fine bristles on proximal one third of posteroventral surface ; mid tibia with 1 antero- dorsal, and 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 or 3 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 weaker posterior bristles. Length, 5 to 5.5 mm. Records : — British Columbia, 1 J1, Hedley, July 7, 1923. (C. B. D. Gar- rett) Alberta, 1 J, Banff, July 16, 1922. (C. B. D. Garrett) ; 1 J', Banff, June 24, 1925; 1 J', July 17, 1925. (Owen Bryant) Wyoming, 1 J1, Yellowstone Park, July 25, 1907. (W. Rob- inson) Quebec, 1 J, Seven Islands, July 20, 1924. (P. W. Waugh) The species most closely resembles cmssiventris (p. 292) in that the thorax has four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, the hind femur has no distinctive bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface, and the parafacials and cheeks are rela- tively narrow. The males differ essentially in that in fuscomar- ginata the processes of fifth sternum of abdomen are not con- spicuously attenuated at apex, and the inner borders are more or less reddish brown ; the abdomen has relatively expansive sub- triangular marks, narrowly separated at middle ; and the para- frontals have a uniformly developed series of bristles; whereas in crassiventris the fifth abdominal sternum is entirely blackish with the apex of each process distinctly attenuated ; the abdomen is largely whitish pruinescent with small widely separated dorsal marks, and the cephalic pairs of parafrontal bristles are notice- ably stouter developed than those caudad. In the female of fuscomarginata the scutellum has blackish spots at basal angles, the wings have the cross veins conspicuously clouded, and the mid tibia has 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles, 292 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL whereas in crassiventris the scutellnm is entirely grayish polli- nose, the wings have cross veins clear, and the mid tibia has no anterodorsal bristles. Type and allotype in the Canadian National Collection. Limnophora (Spilogona) torreyae Johannsen Limnophora torreyce Johannsen , Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1916 XLII No. 756 p. 391.— Johannsen, Ent. News, 1917 XXVIII p. 326. Limnophora umbrina Stein, Arch. f. Natnrgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 48. 54. Melanochelia torreyce Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 61. Spilogona torreyce Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII, 1925 p. 229. — Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926), p. 834. Records : — 9 J1, 20 ?, Buttermilk, Ithaca, N. Y, July 18, 1920 ; 2 ?, Old Forge, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1905 ; 2 §, Aug. 6, 1905 ; 1 ?, July 16, 1905 ; 1 5, July 21, 1905 ; 1 ?, Albany, N. Y., June 24, 1920. (M. D. Leonard) 1 Hempstead, L. I., N. Y., Aug. 21, 1921. This is a striking species with frons and mesonotum covered with deep seal brown coloration ; the pleura, in contrast, are pale gray pruinescent. The legs are very sparsely and weakly bristled. In the male, the head is flatfish on top with the facets of the eyes considerably coarser than those below, the parafron- tals and cheeks are reduced to lineal dimensions. In the female the proboscis is densely pollinose. So far, this species is only known to occur in the northern States of eastern America. Limnophora (Spilogona) crassiventris new species Male, head blackish; parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruinescent with dark reflections; cheeks not so densely pruinescent; frontal vitta black with whitish pollen; frontal triangle and proboscis polished ; antennas and palpi black. Thorax blackish, shining; mesonotum blackened, with trace of dorsocentral vitta on presutural area and on postsutural area immedi- ately cephalad of scutellum; notopleural callosity paler; scutellum entirely black. Abdomen densely whitish pruinescent, the ventral surface infus- cated : terga 1 -t- 2 entirely blackish, terga three and four with paired black marks ; tergum five with an indefinite dorsocentral fuscous area ; basal Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 293 sclerite of hypopygium blackened, subshining. Legs black, subshining ; tarsi brownish. Wings smoky; calyptrse whitish, more or less tinged with brownish infuscation ; halteres deep yellow. Eyes separated by a distance not greater than that between posterior ocelli exclusive ; frontal vitta small, restricted ; paraf rontals contiguous ; parafrontal bristles stoutly developed, continued in series caudad to apex of frontal triangle; paraf acials at base of antennae narrower than breadth of third antennal segment, restricted ventrad; cheeks scarcely as wide as breadth of third antennal segment, vistiture along the ventral margin coarsely developed; antennae small, third segment barely longer than sec- ond, arista with short though distinct pubescence towards base. Thorax with acrosticals setulose, with four pairs of postsutural dorso- central bristles ; sternopleural bristles arranged 1 : 2. Abdomen conical, noticeably deep dorsoventrad and broadened at base; markings on terga three and four restricted, well defined, and broadly separated, those on tergum three subquadrangular, those on tergum four smaller, and subtriangular ; tergum five with a more or less median fuscous area, the paired spots at most very much reduced and confined to caudal margin; cereal plates reddish (upper forceps of genitalia) ; fifth sternum deeply notched caudad, with numerous coarse setulse, the processes sharply attenuated at apex into a more or less digitlike extenuation. Pore tibia with or without a median posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of bristles on posteroventral surface, those on the distal half much weaker and shorter than those on the proximal half ; mid tibia with no anterodorsal bristle, and with two posterior bristles : hind femur with 4 or 5 anteroventral bristles on distal half, posteroventral surface with no bristles on proximal half; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 2 anterodorsal bristles, and with 2 weaker posterior bristles. Wings with veins B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent towards wing margin. Female, paler in color than male; head, thorax, and abdomen densely grayish pruinescent; frontal vitta brownish pruinescent; thorax with three narrow brownish vittse ; scutellum entirely grayish : abdomen with two paired brownish marks on terga three and four respectively, and a brown- ish dorsocentral vitta on tergum five ; terga 1 + 2 almost entirely grayish pruinescent. Wings clear; veins yellowish brown, becoming more yellowish basad; calyptrse whitish. Parafacials, at base of antennae, nearly equal in breadth and cheeks in height to width of third antennal segment; the latter one and a half times length of second segment. Abdomen with well defined, restricted, sub- triangular spots on terga three and four ; terga four and five with a median transverse series of well developed bristles; anal plates of ovipositor with setulose hairs. Fore tibia with 1 mean posterior bristle: mid femur with 4 or 5 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with no anterodorsal bristle, and with 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 3 bristles on distal 294 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL half of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface with no series of bristles on proximal half ; hind tibia with one anteroventral, and 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles, and with 1 or 2 weaker posterior bristles. Length, 5 mm. Records : — Alaska, 2 J', Naknek Lake, Savonoski, July 1919 ; 1 1 5, July 27, 1919 ; 1 $, Aug. 1919 ; 1 ?, Aug. 1, 1919 ; 1 $, Aug. 14, 1919 ; 1 July 28, 1919 ; 1 $, July 31, 1919. ( J. S. Hine) 1 J1, Popoff Island, July 13, 1899; 1 (?) Muir Inlet, June 12, 1899. (Harriman Exped. ’99, T. Kincaid) Washington, 1 J1, Olympia, no date. Ontario, 1 J1, Lake Abitibi, Low Bush, July 23, 1925 ; 1 J', July 30, 1925 ; 1 J, Aug. 2, 1925. (N. K. Bigelow) Type and allotype in the collection of Professor J. S. Hine, Columbus, Ohio. Paratypes in the collection of the United States National Museum. This species runs to zetterstedti in Ringdahl’s key (39), but according to Mr. Ringdahl it is not that species. In certain re- spects the species resembles contractifrons, especially in the char- acteristic appearance of the male abdomen, but from this species it may be distinguished by the fact that the normal number of postsutural dorsocentral bristles is four pairs and not three, and that the hind femur has no series of posternoventral bristles on proximal half, such as is present in contractifrons. Limnophora (Spilogona) acuticornis Malloh Limnophora acuticornis Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLYI No. 802 p. 147.— Friscon, Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv., 1927 XVI Art. 4 p. 203. Melanochelia acuticornis Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 64. Spilogona acuticornis Malloch, Psyche, 1924 XXXI No. 5 p. 202. — Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII, 1925 p. 229. — Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Sta- tion, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Records : — Washington, 2 J1, Olympia, June 22 1920; 1 J*, Yakima, July 18 1920. (A. L. Melander 1 J1, Ilwaco, July 7 1918. (A. Spuler) Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 295 Idaho, 2 2, 1 2> viola, no date.; 1 2> Craig’s. Mts., no date.; 1 Lawyer’s Canyon, June 16 1909; 1 J, Moscow, June 18 1912. (J. M. Aldrich) California, 2 2, Mount Home Canyon, St. Bernardino Moun- tains, 1924. (J. M. Aldrich) Utah, 1 Emigrant Canyon, Wasatch Mts., 7000 ft. July 8 1911. (J. M. Aldrich) Nevada, 1 ?, Wells, June 20 1927. (J. M. Aldrich) Colorado, 3 J, Tennessee Pass, July 24 1917. (J. M. Aldrich) New York, 1 J, Ithaca, May 5 1916 ; 1 J, no date. ; 1 2, May 23 1920 ; 1 2, May 22 1922 ; 2 2, Buttermilk, Ithaca, July 18 1920. Quebec, 1 Hull, Aug. 13 1924; 1 J1, June 26 1923. (C. H. Curran) Nova Scotia, 1 2, Truro, July 5 1913. (R. Matheson) As mentioned by Malloch (31) there is a. great similarity be- tween this species and surda Zett. In addition to the characters proposed by him for distinguishing the species I find that the males of the above series of specimens differ from those of surda in that the cephalic pair of ocellar bristles are more robust, the eyes are more widely separated, and the bristles on the proximal third of posteroventral surface of mid femur, if present, are much weaker than those in surda. In the female the fore tibia has no median posterior bristle, and the m-cu cross vein is cloudy. Limnophora (Spilogona) surda (Zetterstedt) Aricia surda Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., 1845 IV p. 1476. — Zetter- stedt, Dipt. Scand., 1860 XIV p. 6223. Limnophora surda Stein, Ent. Nachr. 1892 XVIII No. 20-21 p. 324. — Stroble, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, 1894 (1893) XLIII p. 228: — Stein, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1898 (1897) XLII p. 208.— Stein, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 1902 XXI Heft 2-3 p. 42.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XLVI No. 1444 p. 547. — Stein, Katalog Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 674. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1914 (1913) Abt. A Heft 8 p. 27. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft 10 p. 110. — Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX Nr. 2 p. 164. 178.— Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1918 XLIV No. 782 p. 275. — 296 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 47. 58. Aricia ( Limnophora ) surda Pandelle, Revue entom. Prance, 1899 XVIII p. 120. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) surda Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Abh. d. Kaiserl. Leop. -Carol. Deutsch. Akadem. d. Naturforsch., 1911 XCV Nr. 2 p. 154.— Collin, Ent. Month. Mag., 1921 ser. 3 VII pp. 163. 215. — Seguy, Faune de France, No. VI 1923 p. 215. — Karl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 1928 Th. XIII p. 99. — Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 279, pis. 17. 26. Spilogona surda Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Records British Columbia, 1 Oliver, May 30 1923 ; 1 $, May 3 1923. (C. B. D. Garrett) Alberta, 1 J1, 2 ?, Bannf, June 21 1922 ; 1 J1, June 26 1922. C. B. D. Garrett) 1 Jasper, July 25 1926. (J. McDun- nough) Manitoba, 1 J1, Victoria Beach, Aug. 8 1926. (G. S. Brooks) South Dakota, 1 J1, Waubay, June 6 1918. (J. M. Aldrich) Indiana, 1 J*, Wells Co., May 17 1906. (E. B. Williams) New York, 1 §, Ithaca, 19 — . Specimens of surda and acuticornis are commonly found to- gether in many collections as either one or the other species, rarely have they been recognized as distinct. It is not unlikely that the species recorded by Stein (60) as surda represents a mixed series of these two species, the differences between which have been discovered in connection with the records of acuti- cornis. Rondani (42) in 1866 designated surda Zetterstedt as the type of the genus Melanochelia. Pandelle (37) in 1899 recognized that Rondani ’s designation was founded on an error in identi- fication, and that Rondani ’s specimens were not surda of Zetter- stedt but represented a species hitherto not recognized. He re- named the specimens exsurda, which became the name of the Melanochelia. Meanwhile Coquillett (11) in 1901, evidently con- Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 297 struing Rondani’s designation literally, listed surda Zetterstedt nec Rondani as the type of Melanochelia, an error which he cor- rected in a later list (12). Limnophora (Spilogona) caroli Malloch Limnophora caroli Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLYI No. 802 p. 154. Melanochelia caroli Malloch, Canad. Ent. Soc., 1921 LIII pp. 63. 64. Spilogona caroli Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII, 1925 p. 229. — Johnson, Ins. Fauna, Biol. Surv. Mt. Desert Region, 1927 p. 208. — Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. The species is known from Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, and New York, the type having been captured by Mr. C. W. Johnson on Mt. Ascutney, Vermont, on July 11th 1908. The male has the eyes nearly as widely separated as in the female, and possesses well developed vertical bristles on head ; in addition the hind femur has no series of bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface. According to these characters the species is associated with argenticeps Malloch, from which it differs in the male in that the pruinescence of the head is grayish drab, and not silvery, the fore tibia has a median posterior bristle, which is absent in argenticeps, and the cheeks are narrower than in that species. Limnophora (Spilogona) argenticeps (Malloch) Spilogona argenticeps Malloch, Psyche, 1924 XXXI No. 5 p. 200. — Johnson. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat, Hist., No. VII, 1925 p. 229. The species is known only from New Hampshire ; the type, captured by Mr. C. W. Johnson, being labelled Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, at 4000 feet elevation, August 8 . The male possesses many of the diagnostic characters common to caroli, from which it differs specifically in the pruinescence and shape of the head, and in the armature of the fore tibia as indicated in the key. 298 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL Limnophora (Spilogna) clarans new species Male, grayish species ; parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks silvery pruinescent with dark reflections; frontal vitta whitish pruinescent; an- tennae and palpi blackish; third antennal segment grayish tinged; frontal triangle whitish pruinescent; proboscis shining. Thorax with whitish pruinescence on mesonotum, opaque, with no vittse when viewed from above and in front; when viewed from behind, with dark reflections, subshining: abdomen viewed from behind whitish pruinescent with dark reflections ; terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, terga three and four with black subtriangular marks, tergum five with obscure dark reflections. Legs blackish, knees red- dish, pulvilli tinged. Wings and calyptrse hyaline, whitish. Wings with veins pale yellow. Halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance nearly equal to twice breadth of third an- tennal segment; frontal vitta but little narrowed caudad, distinctly sepa- rating profrontals throughout; parafrontals with six pairs of bristles which are widely interspaced, and which are continued in series caudad to level with ocellar callosity; ocellar and vertical bristles strongly developed, bristle- like; parafacials at base of antennae broader than width of third antennal segment, produced beyond a line drawn vertical from vibrissae, narrowed ventrad; cheeks nearly as high as width of third antennal segment, the latter elongate, about three times as long as wide, apex reaching almost to a level with oral margin. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1:2. Abdomen short, broadly conical; tergum three with paired subtriangular marks which are somewhat truncated cephalad and which are narrowly and obscurely separated at middle of dorsum; tergum four with paired subtri- angular marks, smaller and more widely separated than those on tergum three. Fore tibia with one posterior bristle : mid femur with 3 or 4 weak bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with no anterodorsal bristle, with 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 3 bristles on distal third of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface bare; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, and 2 anterodorsal bristles, and with 1 shorter posterior bristle. Tarsi slender, pulvilli robust. Wings with viens E. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent toward margin of wing, m-cu cross vein sinuous. Length, 4.75 mm. Record: — 1 J1, Orillia, Ontario, June 21 1927. (C. H. Curran) Type in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. The wings and calyptrag are hyaline and whitish as in tristiola, and the facial characteristics somewhat resemble those of the genus Tetramerinx in that the antennae are long and pendant, Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 299 and the vertical and ocellar bristles are strongly developed ; how- ever the arista is long and slender with slight pubescence, and the eyes are not so widely separated as in T etramerinx unica. The abdomen resembles that of Limnospila albifrons. Terga 1 + 2 has a tuft of coarse bristles on the right-hand side of the ab- domen only, which undoubtedly is an abnormality. Limnophora (Spilogona) cana new species Male;, grayish; parafrontals, parafacials, and cheeks whitish pruinescent with dark reflections ; frontal vitta and frontal triangle with whitish pruinescence ; antennae and palpi black; proboscis polished. Thorax with grayish white pruinescence, with no vittae: abdomen with grayish white pruinescence; terga three and four and five with paired grayish black re- flective areas, not intensively marked; basal sclerite of hypopygium and fifth sternum lightly pollinose, subshining ; ninth tergum reddish yellow. Legs blackish. Wings clear, veins light brown. Calyptrse whitish: halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance nearly equal to length of third antennal segment; frontal vitta but little narrowed caudad; parafrontals with six or seven pairs of bristles, widely interspaced, continued in series caudad to a level with ocellar callosity; vertical and ocellar bristles strongly developed; parafacials at base of antennae narrower than width of third antennal segment; cheeks about as high as breadth of third antennal segment, the latter about twice as long as broad. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1:2. Abdomen with markings subtriangular, those on terga three and four trun- cated cephalad, subequal; those on tergum five much smaller than those on preceding segments, confined to caudal half of tergum, and not so widely separated. Fore tibia with no posterior bristle : mid femur with 2 or 3 weak bristles at base of anteroventral surface, with 4 or 5 bristles or proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with no anterodorsal bristle, with 2 pos- terior bristles: hind femur with 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface ; hind tibia with 1 anteroventral, and 2 anterodorsal bristles. Tarsi long and slender, longer than their respective femur; pulvilli large. Wings with veins E. 4+5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent towards margin of wings. Length, 4.75 mm. Record: — 1 Mt. Adams, Washington, July 24 1921. (A. L. Melander) Type in collection of the United States National Museum. This species has the ocellar and vertical bristles in the male stoutly developed. Owing to its pale grayish color it conforms 300 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL somewhat in appearance to damns, from which it may be readily separated by the much smaller third antennal segment, and the narrower parafacials. The markings on the abdomen are pecu- liar in that they appear as lightly imposed grayish refractive areas with no trace of deeper contrasting coloration. Limnophora (Spilogona) bisetosa new species Male, blackish; parafacials and cheeks whitish to brownish black prui- nescent, with dark reflections; frontal vitta black, with brownish pruines- cence: frontal triangle polished; proboscis lightly pollinose; antennae and palpi black. Thorax largely black, subshining, with trace of brownish pruinescence, vittae obscured. Abdomen with grayish white pruinescence, with dark reflections ; terga 1 + 2 largely blackened, terga three, four and five with paired black marks, in addition the area between the tergal marks may be more or less infuscated, tending thereby to obscure the paired identity of such markings; basal sclerite of hypopygium and fifth sternum blackish, subshining. Legs black, pul villi tinged. Wings infuscated, black- ened basad. Calyptrae yellowish tinged, sometimes the upper scale whitish: halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance about equal to breadth of third antennal segment; parafrontal bristles well developed, continued in series caudad to about level with apex of frontal triangle; parafacials at base of antennae scarcely equal to breadth of thir antennal segment, narrowed ventrad ; cheeks fully equal to breadth of third antennal segment, well maintained caudad; with a number of coarse setulae at base of vibrissae; third antennal segment narrower than second segment, about 1.75 times as long as broad; arista with distinct short pubescence, the basal hairs longer than basal diameter of arista. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, in closely adjacent series; with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged 1 : 1, or 1 : 2. Abdomen narrowly conical; tergum three with marks trapezoidal, con- fined to dorsum ; tergum four with markings subtriangular, narrower than those on tergum three and more widely separated; tergum five with obscure narrow triangular marks; fifth sternum deeply notched, processes with two or three fine, weak bristles apicad, the inner margins at apex with a small polished tubercular process. Fore tibia with at most a fine weak posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of longish setulae on anteroventral surface wdiich become stouter proximad, with 2 stout spinelike bristles on basal third of posteroventral surface, occasionally a third weaker bristle; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal, and 2 posterior bristles : hind femur with 3 or 4 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface with no series, of bristles; Sept., 1932 J Huckett: Limnophora 301 hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with the weaker posterior bristles not evident. Wings with veins B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 slightly divergent toward wing margin. Female, paler than male, paraf acials and cheeks grayish pruinescent ; parafrontals with brownish infuscation ; frontal vitta brownish pruinescent. Thorax grayish pruinescent, with three brownish vittse, and with more or less lateral infuscation on mesonotum; scutellum with brownish marks at basal angles. Abdomen grayish pruinescent, writh paired brownish marks on terga 1 + 2, three, and four; tergum five with a brownish dorsocentral vitta. Wings clear, with traces of infuscation along r-m and m-cu cross veins, and at base of wing membrane. Parafrontals with numerous setulse; parafacials at base of antennae as wide as breadth of third antennal segment, narrower ventrad; cheeks higher than breadth of third antennal segment, the latter twice as long as wide; arista short pubescent. Abdomen with paired marks on terga 1 + 2, terga three and four with subtriangular marks, broadly separated; ovipostitor with spinules on anal plates. Fore tibia with no posterior bristle: mid femur with 2 erect bristles on basal third of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 5 anterodorsal, and 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 3 or 4 bristles on distal half of antero- ventral surface; hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, and 2 or 3 antero- dorsal bristles, with weaker bristles on posterior surface not evident. Wings with costal thorns well developed; veins B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 di- vergent towards wing margin. Length, 5-5.75 mm. Type and allotype in the United States National Museum. Records : — Washington, 1 Seattle, June 17 1917. (H. G. Dyar) 1 J', Lake Chelan, Lucerne, July 29 1919 ; 1 J1, Ramparts, Mt. Rainier, Aug. 1 1922; 1 J', Ilwaco, July 1918. (0. H. Miner) 1 J*, Lake Stephens, Everett, Aug. 3 1917. (A. L. Melander) 1 Ilwaco, July 1917. (J. M. Aldrich) 1 J*, Ilwaco, July 12 1918. (A Spuler) Oregon, 1 J1, 1 2, Marshfield, June 1927. (J. M. Aldrich) Idaho, 1 J1, Mt. Moscow, July 5 1919. (A. L. Melander) 1 2? Mt. Moscow, July 25 1920. (R. C. Shannon) 1 Mt. Moscow, July 17 1924. (J. M. Aldrich) In the males of the above series there is a considerable vari- ation in the shape of the abdominal marks, and in the degree of infuscation along dorsum. On tergum three the markings are 302 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL typically trapezoidal, and narrowly separated at middle of dorsum; in a few specimens the markings are completely fused across the dorsocentral plane, whilst in others the separation is considerably obscured owing to the degree of infuscation ; tergum four has the markings typically subtriangular, being more widely separated than those on tergum three ; in certain specimens the triangular marks on tergum three may be more or less truncated at cephalic margin of segment. The males may be distinguished from those of allied species through the possession of two stout erect bristles on postero- ventral surface of mid femur, the lack of bristles on postero- ventral surface of hind femur, and in having three pairs of post- sutural dorsocentral bristles. The parafacials are comparatively narrow. The females of bisetosa resemble those of sudra and acuticornis in that the anal plates are armed with spinules, but the former differs from the latter in having the parafacials less prominent in profile, and in having the preapical bristles of scutellum well developed and the setulose hairs on lateral declivities of scutel- lum lacking. Limnophora (Spilogona) bisetosa var. pruinella new variety Male, grayish; parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruinescent; cheeks with duller pruineseence ; frontal vitta black; antennae and palpi black; proboscis lightly pollinose. Thorax with a narrow brownish dorsocentral vitta, and with broad, brownish black infuscation laterad of dorsocentral bristles ; the narrow space between the dorsocentral bristles and dorsocentral vitta distinctly paler in color, coneolorous with humeral and notopleural callosities; scutellum grayish with large brownish areas at basal angles. Abdomen densely grayish pollinose with blackish reflections, with relatively small, paired, blackish marks on terga 1 + 2, three, and four ; tergum five with a brownish dorsocentral vitta; basal sclerite of hypopygium densely grayish pollinose. Legs blackish, pulvilli tinged. Wings brownish tinged, but little if any more densely infuscated basad; m.-cu cross vein faintly clouded. Eyes separated by a distance greater than breadth of third antennal seg- ment; frontal vitta distinctly though narrowly separating the parafrontals caudad; parafrontal bristles well developed, continued in series caudad to about level with apex of frontal triangle; parafacials at base of antennae as wide as breadth of third antennal segment, considerably constricted ventrad; cheeks well maintained caudad, about equal in height to three- quarters length of third antennal segment; arista short pubescent. Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 303 Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose; with three pairs of post- sutural dorsocentral bristles ; sternopleural bristles arranged 1 : 2. Abdomen cylindrico -conical; tergum three with trapezoidal marks; tergum four with smaller, subtriangular marks, more widely separated than on tergum three ; hypopygium, fifth sternum, and chaetotaxy of legs very similar to that of bispinosa. Length, 6 mm. Records : — 1 J*, Glenwood, Washington, June 27 1917. (A. L. Melander) 1 J1, Mt. Home Canyon, S. Bernardino Mts. California, June 8 1924. (J. M. Aldrich) Type in the United States National Museum. This variety is evidently a lighter form of the previous species. There are very few, if any, structural differences between the specimens of each series. In pruinella the eyes are a little wider apart and the parafacials and cheeks more pronounced than in the males of bispinosa. The wings in the male of pruinella have only a trace of infuscation; the basal sclerite of hypopygium is densely grayish pollinose, opaque, and the scutellum and abdo- men are more largely grayish pruinescent, whereas in bisetosa, the male has the wings intensively infuseated basad, the basal sclerite of hypopygium, and scutellum are entirely blackish and shining. Limnophora (Spilogona) rufitibia Stein Limnophora rufitibia Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 46. 52. Spilogona rufitibia Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Records : — Idaho, 1 J', Mt. Moscow, July 25 1920. (R. C. Shannon) 1 Mt. Moscow, July 8 1911 ; 1 J', July 6 1912. ( J. M. Aldrich) 1 J', Lake Waha, June 9 1916. (A. L. Melander) New York, 2 2, McLean, Sept. 11 1920 : 1 J, Montezuma Marshes, Cayuga, July 1 1920: 1 J*, Hempstead, Long Island, June 5 1921 : 1 J1, 1 J, Lakeville, Long Island, May 22 1921 : 2 J, Valley Stream, Long Island, April 27 1921. Rhode Island, 1 J1, Button Woods, June 22. New Hampshire, 1 2, White Mountains, no date. (Morrison) Nova Scotia, 1 J, Truro, July 26 1913. (R. Matheson) 304 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL I find that this species is frequently mistaken for suspecta Mal- loch in many collections, from which it may be readily separated in both sexes by the possession of three fine setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities of scutellum adjacent the apical bristles. These are lacking in suspecta. In the male the species may be further recognized by the fol- lowing characters, a) parafrontal bristles not continued in series to a level approximating that of anterior ocellus, b) processes of fifth sternum are truncated at apex, the border of which is glossy and shining, c) the abdominal marks are poorly defined, being more or less reflective areas as the abdomen is shifted in its posi- tion and relation to the light. In the case of suspecta the parafrontal bristles are continued in a series caudad to a level with frontal triangle, the processes of fifth sternum are not truncated at apex, the margin being more or less broadly rounded with a slight angular outline on inner margin, the abdominal marks are distinct and are readily recognized. In the female of rufitibia the mid tibia has no anterodorsal bristle, and the fore tibia has no median posterior bristle ; whereas in the female of suspecta both these bristles are present. Limnophora (Spilogona) suspecta Malloch Limnophora suspecta Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLYI No. 802 p. 154. Melanochelia suspecta Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 63. Spilogona suspecta Johnson, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. History, No. VII, p. 229. Records : — Nova Scotia, 1 J', Kentville, July 28 1924 ; 1 J, Digby, Aug. 21 1913. (R. P. Gorham) 1 , Bridgetown, Sept. 2 1912. (G. E. Saunders) 1 $, West River, July 24 1913. (R. Matheson) New Brunswick, 1 £, Fredericton, Aug. 3 1913 : 1 J', June 21 1914. (J. D. To thill) 1 Red Rapids, July 23 1913. (R. P. Gorham) Quebec, 1 Kazubazua, July 20 1927. (G. S. Walley) Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 305 Maine, 1 Capens, July 21 : 1 Mt. Katahdin, summit elev. 5215 ft. Aug. 19 1902. New Hampshire, 2 J, Mt. Washington, no date. ; 1 J, White Mountains, no date. (Morrison) British Columbia, 2 J1, Carbonate Columbia River, July 7-12 1908, alt. 2600 ft. ( J. C. Bradley) This species closely resembles rufitibia, with which it has al- ready been compared. Limnophora (Spilogona) fimbriata new species Male, blackish; parafrontals and parafacials whitish pruinescent, with dark reflections; cheeks drab, grayish, not so highly pruinescent; frontal vitta black with whitish pollen; antennae and palpi black; frontal triangle and proboscis polished. Thorax blackish, subshining, with trace of darker dorsocentral and sublateral lines, paler grayish on cephalic half of pre- sutural area and laterad on humeral and notopleural callosities; scutellum entirely blackish. Abdomen with dense grayish pruinescence, and darker reflections ; terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, terga three and four each with a pair of blackish marks, tergum five with a brownish fuscous dorsocentral vitta; basal sclerites of hypopygium lightly pollinose. Legs black, pulvilli brownish tinged. Wings hyaline, veins brownish black. Calyptrae whitish, the under scale with distinctly yellowish margin : halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance slightly greater than diameter of anterior ocellus ; frontal vitta interrupted caudad by the contiguity of parafrontals ; parafrontal bristles well developed, the series extending caudad to a level with narrowest part of frons; parafrontals at base of antennae scarcely equal to breadth of third antennal segment; cheeks, in height, fully equal to breadth of third antennal segment, the latter slightly longer than second segment; arista minutely pubescent. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, in two more or less irregular series; with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; scutellum with a few setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent the apical bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged, 1:2. Abdomen conical, markings on terga three and four broadly separated, restricted to dorsum, well defined, those on tergum three trapezoidal, those on tergum four subtriangular ; tergum five with ill defined dorsocentral markings; fifth sternum broadly emarginate, with numerous fine longish bristles. Fore tibia with or without a posterior bristle, and with a weak apical posteroventral bristle : mid femur with a series of 5 or 6 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with no anterodorsal, and with 2 posterior bristles : hind femur with a series of 3 or 4 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, and with a series of longer, finer bristles on proximal half, the latter increasing in length basad, with a 306 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL similar series of long fine bristles on proximal half of posteroventral sur- face ; hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, and 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles, the posterior surface with 1 or 2 setulose. bristles. Wings with veins B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 slightly divergent towards wing margin. Length, 5 mm. Records : — 2 J*, Cranbrook, British Columbia, June 21 1926. (A. A. Dennys) 1 cf, Waterton, Alberta, July 14 1923. (H. L. Seamans) Type in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. The species closely resembles baltica Ringdahl in that the hind femur in male has noticeably long fine bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface, and /the scutellum has the fine setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities of scutellum adjacent the apical bristles. However in fimbriata the bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface of hind femur are equally long and fine, longer than those on distal half; whereas in baltica these bristles are much shorter than those on the posteroventral sur- face, and than those on distal half of anteroventral surface of hind femur. The specimen from Waterton was sent to Mr. Ringdahl for examination, who very kindly loaned me a Swedish specimen of baltica for further study. Limnophora (Spilogona) pluvialis new species Male, grayish black; parafrontals and parafacials with whitish pruines- cence, and with dark reflections ; cheeks with brownish pruinescence ; frontal vitta black, viewed from below with brownish pollen; frontal triangle polished ; proboscis lightly pollinose, subshining ; antennae and palpi black. Thorax with mesonotum largely grayish black, with trace of brownish pruinescence, humeral and notopleural callosities pale gray, vittae obscured; scutellum entirely blackish; pleura blackened. Abdomen largely blackish, terga 1 + 2 entirely blackish, tergum three similar to terga 1 + 2, with a trace of grayish pruinescence at cephalolateral angles and along the dorso- central plane; tergum four more grayish pruinescent than tergum three, the blackish marks smaller and more distinctly separated; tergum five with no definite markings, largely blackish, infuscated; basal sclerite of hypopygium with trace of pruinescence, subshining. Legs brownish black, pul villi tinged. Wings lightly infuscated, more densely so basad; calyptrse tinged ; halteres deep yellow, with trace of purple. Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 307 Eyes separated by a distance slightly less than breadth of third antennal segment; frontal vitta constricted to lineal dimensions caudad, separating the paraf rontals ; parafrontal bristles continued in series caudad to a level with narrowest constriction between the eyes ; paraf acials at base of antennse nearly equal to breadth of third antennal segment; cheeks in height about equal to three-quarters length of third antennal segment, somewhat restricted throughout caudal half by the upward curvature of the ventral margin of head capsule. Thorax with presutural acrosticals setulose, in two closely adjacent series, with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged, 1 : 1. Scutellum with setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent apical bristles. Abdomen narrowly conical, terga three and four with more or less paired trapezoidal marks which are broader than long, occasionally such markings on either tergum may be fused across the dorsocentral plane; sternum five deeply notched, with 1 or 2 longish weak bristles at apex of processes. Fore tibia with or without a fine weak posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of short weak bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface, and with a series of longish bristles on proximal two-thirds of postero- ventral surface; mid tibia with or without an anterodorsal bristle, and with 2 or 3 longish posterior bristles: hind femur with 4 or 5 longish bristles on distal half, and with 5 or 6 much weaker and shorter bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface, with a series of short bristles on proximal half of postero ventral surface; hind tibia with 1' to 3 anteroventral, and with 2 or 3 anterodorsal bristles, with or without 1 or 2 weaker posterior bristles. Wings with a series of prominent costal setulae proximad of costal thorn; veins 72. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 divergent towards wing margin, m—cu cross vein erect. Female, similar to male ; parafrontals, paraf acials, and cheeks brownish gray pruinescent, more densely so on parafrontals; frontal vitta brownish pollinose; thorax with mesonotum, scutellum, and pleura more brownish inf uscated than in mqle ; abdomen subshining, with large brownish markings on terga 1 + 2, three, and four ; tergum five with trace of brownish dorso- central vitta. Wings clear; veins brownish. Parafrontals with numerous setulse ; parafacials, at base of antennae, broader and cheeks higher than width of third antennal segment; sterno- pleural bristles arranged, 1 : 2. Abdomen with large, paired subtriangular marks on terga three and four, the outlines of which are poorly defined; abdominal bristles well developed ; ovipositor with fine setulae on anal plates. Fore tibia with or without a posterior bristle : mid femur with a series of 4 or 5 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal, and 2 posterior bristles: hind femur with 5 or 6 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, posteroventral surface with a series of short weak bristles on proximal half; hind tibia as in male. 308 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Wings with a series of robust costal setulse proximad of costal thorns. Length, 4.5 mm. Records: — 1 J1, Paradise Park, Mt. Rainier, Washington, July 27 1922 ; 2 J*, 2 J, August 1917 ; 1 J1, 1 g, Crystal Mountain, Mt. Rainier, Washington, Aug. 3 1922 ; 1 J1, 1 J, Sluiskin, Mt. Rainier, Washington, July 28 1922; 1 J1, Ind. Henry, Mt. Rainier, Washington, Aug. 2 1922. (A. L. Melander) Type and allotype in the United States National Museum. Paratypes in Canadian National Collection. This species is not readily comparable to others in the genus. The males agree with those of crepusculenta, comata, and others in having the thoracic pleura blackened, darker in coloration than mesonotum. On the other hand the thorax in male and female has three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, and the halteres are yellow; in addition the scutellum has fine setulose hairs on dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent apical bristles, and the costal setulse are prominently developed proxi- mad. There is a considerable degree of variation in the intensity of abdominal infuscation in the male making it a difficult matter to recognize any definite marks : in the female there is a consider- able variation in the degree of development of the setae on the posteroventral surface of hind femur, the interpretation of which is none too easy owing to their setulose character in most speci- mens. Limnophora (Spilogona) baltica Ringdahl Limnophora fumipennis Stein not Zetterstedt, Arch. f. Natur- gesch., 1916 (1915) Abt. A Heft p. 101. — Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 p. 56. Limnophora baltica Ringdahl, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX Nr. 2 p. 165. Limnophora ( Spilogona ) baltica Karl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, 1928 Th. XIII p. 99. — Collin, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1930 LXXVIII Pt. 2 p. 277, pis. 17. 27. Male blackish; parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruines- cent; cheeks with brownish pruinescence ; antennse and palpi black. Mesonotum largely blackened, with trace of brownish Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 309 pruineseence and darker lines along the dorsocentral and sub- lateral planes ; humeral and notopleural callosities pale grayish. Abdomen grayish pruinescent, terga 1 + 2 largely blackish, terga three and four with large paired black marks, tergum five with a pair of narrow blackish marks between which the surface is brownish infuscated ; basal sclerite of hypopygium grayish pollinose. Legs black. Upper calyptra whitish, under calyptra brownish tinged. Halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance about equal to that between pos- terior ocelli exclusive; parafrontals contiguous; parafrontal bristles well developed, continued in series caudad to level with frontal triangle ; parafacials barely equal to width of third an- tennal segment, narrowed ventrad ; cheeks fully as high as breadth of third antennal segment, with a series of upturned setulose bristles along ventral border. Thorax with presutural acrosticals in two adjacent series, com- prising four irregularly paired weak bristles and one or twTo accessory setulag ; the presutural area between the dorsocentral bristles significantly devoid of setulae, with one or two setulae adjacent the dorsocentral bristles and the transverse suture; acrosticals well developed, stouter than the adjacent setulae; scutellum with two longish setulae on dorsal margin of lateral declivities adjacent the apical bristles; mesopleural series of bristles with no intermediate predorsal bristle ; with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles. Abdomen similar to that of alticola Malloch, conical and deep ; abdominal marks confined to dorsum ; tergum three with a pair of quadrilateral marks, each as broad along cephalic as along caudal margin, the inner margins slighly convergent cephalad; tergum four with smaller subtriangular marks, the inner margins convergent caudad ; tergum five with marks reduced to two nar- row dorsal strips, which are confined to caudal half of surface ; fifth sternum with broad, flat, processes, each clothed with a few fine bristles. Fore tibia with a weak apical posteroventral bristle, and with no posterior bristle: mid femur with a series of 5 or 6 weak bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface, and with a series of 7 or 8 bristles on proximal half of posteroventral sur- 310 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL face ; mid tibia with 2 posterior bristles : hind femur with a complete series of anteroventral bristles, of which 4 or 5 on distal half are strongly developed, and 6 to 8 on proximal half are fine and shorter, increasing in length proximad, posteroventral sur- face with a series of long fine bristles on proximal half, the longest of which exceed in length the breadth of femur where situated ; hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral, and 2 anterodorsal bristles, the setulose bristles on posterior surface obscure, apical anterodorsal bristle weakly developed, apical posterodorsal bristle setulose. Wings smoky, more densely infuscated basad; m~cu cross vein almost straight ; veins B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 slightly diver- gent distad. Length, 5 mm. This species was recorded by Stein (60) from Idaho as fumi- pennis Zettersedt. In a footnote Stein mentions that in the opinion of Ringdahl the species thus named was not conspecific with that of Zetterstedt. Earlier, Ringdahl (39) had proposed the name baltica for Stein’s species, and had placed fumipennis as a synonym of contractifrons Zetterstedt. I have not seen Stein’s North American specimens of this species. Mr. Ring- dahl has very kindly furnished me with a Swedish specimen of baltica, which has formed the basis for this study. The male of this species resembles most closely those of fim- briata and reflecta (p. 208). From the former species it may be separated by the lack of long fine bristles on proximal half of anteroventral surface of hind femur, and from the latter by the presence of a series of longish fine bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface of hind femur. Limnophora (Spilogona) gibsoni Malloch Limnophora gibsoni Malloch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLVI No. 802 p. 152. Melanochelia gibsoni Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII pp. 62. 64. Records : — New Brunswick, 1 St. Leonards, June 30 1914. (F. M. McKenzie) Sept., 1932 J Huckett: Limnophora 311 New Hampshire, 1 J1, near summit of Mt. Washington, July 13, 1895. (Geo. Dimmock) 1 2, base of Mt. Washington, 2600 ft. Aug. 27, 1914. (C. H. T. Townsend) 1 2, Mt. Washington, no date. (Mrs. Slosson) New York, 1 J, Whiteface Mt. Adirondacks, 3800 ft. July 4. — (J. M. Aldrich) 1 J, Cooperstown, June 22, 1921. Alberta, 1 J, Waterton, July 2, 1924. (H. L. Seamans) The species superficially resembles magnipunctata Malloch, especially in the male sex in that the wings are more or less infuscated, being blackened basad. It can however be readily separated from this species in that the hind femur has a few bristles on the median third of posteroventral surface, and the abdominal markings are restricted to the dorsum ; whereas in the case of magnipunctata the hind femur has no well developed bristles on posteroventral surface, and the abdominal markings are expansive. In these respects the male resembles that of alticola, in which species the processes of the fifth abdominal sternum are broad and rounded apicad, the fore tibia has usually a posterior bristle, and the wings are at most lightly infuscated basad; whereas in gibsoni the processes of fifth abdominal ster- num are narrowly tapering apicad, and the fore tibia has no posterior bristle. The female of gibsoni has two to four weak bristles on median third of posteroventral surface of hind femur as in male, one or two ventral bristles on the mid tibia, the calyptrae are intensively yellowish, and the eyes are less broadly separated than usual, the distance at middle of frons being about equal to that separating the anterior and posterior sternopleural bristles. Limnophora (Spilogona) contractifrons var. fumipennis (Zetterstedt) Aricia fumipennis Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., 1845 IV p. 1465. Limnophora fumipennis Stein, Katalog Palaark. Dipt., 1907 III p. 671. Limnophora contractifrons Ringdahl in part, Ent. Tidskr., 1918 XXXIX p. 159. Records : — Alaska, 1 1 J, Naknek Lake, Savonoski, July 27, 1919; 1 J, July 31, 1919 ; 2 2, July 1919 ; 1 2 August 1, 1919 ; 1 2, Aug. 312 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL 14, 1919; 2 Snug Harbor, June 8, 1919. (J. S. Hine) 1 J1, Hurricane, July 15, 1921; 1 Kukak Bay, July 4, 1899. (T. Kincaid) Labrador, 1 1 J, Ungava Bay, July 22. (L. M. Turner) New Hampshire, 1 J*, White Mts., no date. (Morrison) The male specimens before me of this subspecies may be readily recognized by the characteristic shape of the abdomen, which is uniformly deep from base to apex and is noticeably compressed laterad. In this respect they are typical of contractifrons, from which they vary in that the wings are not hyaline but are tinged throughout with brownish infuscation. Collin (6a) has con- sidered the species a synonym of arctica Zetterstedt. Limnophora (Spilogona) alticola Malloch Limnophora alticola Malloch, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920 XLVI No. 802 p. 153. Melanochelia alticola Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 64. Spilogona alticola Malloch, Psyche, 1924 XXXI No. 5, p. 201. — Johnson, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. VII 1925 p. 229. — Johnson, Insect Fauna, Biol. Surv. Mt. Desert Region, 1927 p. 208.— Huckett, Mem. 101 N. Y. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Station, 1928 (1926) p. 834. Records : — Quebec, 1 J1, Bradore Bay, July 19, 1929 ; 1 J', July 21, 1929 ; 1 J1, 2 5, July 17, 1929 ; 4 J1, 3 $, July 27, 1929 ; 2 J, Mutton Bay, July 11, 1929; 1 J1, Bonne Esperance, July 14, 1929. (W. J. Brown) 1 5, Roberval, July 28, 1915. (G. Beaulieu) 1 J, Meach Lake, June 21, 1916. New Brunswick, 1 J, Fredericton, July 17, 1912 ; 1 §, June 21, 1914. (J. D. To thill) Maine, 1 J1, Bar Harbor, June 13, 1921. (C. W. Johnson) New Hampshire, 1 J1, Mt. Washington, 3000 ft. July 8, 1919. Vermont, 1 J, Mt. Equinox, June 5, 1910. Massachusetts, 1 J*, Mt. Greylock, June 14, 1906. Ontario, 1 J', 1 J, Sand Lake, June 30, 1926. (F. P. Ide) 1 J1, Orillia, June 16, 1927. (C. H. Curran) 1 J', Waubamic, June 14, 1914; 1 J', June 14, 1915. (H. S. Parish) 2 J', Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 313 Waubamic, Parry Sound, June 8, 1915. (J. M. Aldrich) 1 J, Lake Abitibi, Low Bush, July 14, 1925. (N. K. Bige- low) New York, 10 J', Whiteface Mt. Adirondacks, 3800 ft. July 4, 1921. (J. M. Aldrich) 1 J, Ringwood, Ithaca, June 26, 1920; 1 J, Cranberry Lake, July 2, 1917. (C. J. Drake) Alberta, 1 J, Banff, June 20, 1922. (C. B. D. Garrett) This species agrees very closely with the references by authors to contractifrons. Specimens . sent to European workers have invariably been returned with a note expressing its similarity to contractifrons. I find however, as indicated by Malloch (31), that there are significant differences in the structure of the parts composing the axial system of the male genitalia of alticola and fumipennis, which cause me to doubt whether this species is as closely related to contractifrons as its external appearance would suggest. The species contractifrons has been reported from Greenland by Staeger (53) and Lundbeck (22), and is listed in the catalogues of North American diptera by Osten Sacken (36) and Aldrich (1). I am unable to verify these records from North America, partly owing to the lack of authenticated specimens of contrac- tifrons. Limnophora (Spilogona) pulchra new species Male, parafrontals and parafacials silvery pruinescent; cheeks whitish prninescent, with dark reflections; frontal vitta, viewed from below with whitish pollen; frontal triangle polished; proboscis lightly pollinose, sub- shining; antennae deep black; palpi blackish. Thorax grayish pruinescent, the presutural area with a brownish dorsocentral vitta, the sublaterals more indistinct and narrower than the median vitta, the postsutural area with brownish infuscation between the dorsocentral bristles and laterad of intra- alar bristles; scutellum blackish, dorsal half of mesopleura blackish infus- cated. Abdomen with grayish pruinescence, all terga with paired blackish marks, those on terga 1 + 2 and on five fused in part across the dorso- central plane ; basal sclerite of hypopygium blackish, subshining, with trace of grayish pruinescence. Legs blackish; pulvilli tinged. Wings with trace of infuscation, but little darker basad; veins brownish. Calyptrse whitish; halteres yellow. Eyes separated by a distance slightly greater than maximum breadth of third antennal segment; frontal vitta narrowed caudad, dsitinctly separat- ing the parafrontals; the latter with six pairs of bristles, which are con- 314 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL tinued in series caudad to about a level with apex of frontal triangle, the caudal three pairs of bristles weaker and shorter than the cephalic three pairs of series; parafacials at base of antennae about equal in breadth to average width of third antennal segment; cheeks well maintained caudad, in height fully equal to three quarters length of third antennal segment, the latter tapering distad; arista slightly swollen at base, pubescence on proximal half about equal to diameter at base of arista. Thorax with presutural arosticals setulose ; with three pairs of post- sutural dorsocentral bristles; sternopleural bristles arranged, 1:2. Abdomen cylindrical, with markings confined to dorsum of each tergum; tergum three with marks subquadrate, longer than broad; tergum four with subtriangular marks; tergum five with subtriangular marks which are not so well defined as those on tergum four, the inner margins tending to approximate caudad ; sternum five with deep notch, the processes with a number of long black bristles apicad, the inner border clothed with numerous fine setulae. Fore tibia with no posterior bristles: mid femur with 1 bristle at base, the antero- and posteroventral surfaces with a series of fine setulae; mid tibia with 1 anterior and 3 posterior bristles: hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on distal half of anteroventral surface, with no series of weak bristles on proximal half of posteroventral surface; hind tibia with 3 or 4 anteroventral, and 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles, and with 1 or 2 weaker posterior bristles. Tarsi long and slender, mid tarsi as long as hind tarsi, fore tarsi shorter than mid tarsi. Wings with B. 4 + 5 and M. 1 + 2 veins slightly divergent towards wing margin. Length, 5.5 mm. KECORD : — 1 J', Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1, 1921. (J. M. Aldrich) Type in the United States National Museum. The species may be distinguished in the male sex by the unusual presence of several well developed bristles at apex of processes of fifth abdominal sternum, and by the lack of bristles on posteroventral surface of mid femur. Limnophora (Spilogona) anthrax Bigot Limnophora anthrax Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1885 (1884) ser. 6 Y p. 274. Van der Wulp, Biolog. Centr. -Americana, 1896 II p. 347.— Aldrich, Misc. Coll. Smithsn. Inst., 1905 XL VI No. 1444 p. 546.— Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1919 (1917) Abt. A Heft Ip. 133. Sept., 1932] Huckett: Limnophora 315 Limnophora squamosa Stein, Arch. f. Natnrgesch., 1920 (1918) Abt. A Heft 9 pp. 46. 53. Melanochelia anthrax Malloch, Canad. Ent., 1921 LIII p. 63. Records : — Alaska, 1 J', Seward, July 26, 1921 ; 1 J1, Anchorage, July 21, 1921; 1 J1, July 20, 1921. (J. M. Aldrich) 1 beating flowers (Kno- bel) ; Sept. 1, 1926, 1 J, beating underbrush (Knobel). Louisiana : Shreveport, 2- Alabama: Biol. Sur. Card No. 279, Bufo terrestris, Mobile, 1892, 1 (J. Hurter). Mississippi : Ocean Springs, Apr. 26, 1931, 4 2 ; June 4, 1930, 1 J1 4 2 (Dietrich) ; Isle of Caprice, Biloxi, June 15, 1930, 1 2 (Dietrich) ; Holly Springs J. Florida : Lake Jackson, Leon Co., April 12, 1927, 1 5 ; Alachua Co., 1 <$; Orlando, Oct, 11, 1926, 2 2 (Culver) ; Micanopy, May 9, 1926, 1 2 (Hubbell). Dec., 1932] Bishop and Crosby: Spiders 411 Texas: Brazos Co., 5 ; no locality, 2 2 (Yothers) ; Houston, Feb. 1929, 1 ?. Grammonota trivittata Banks (Figures 48 and 49) Grammonota trivittata Banks. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 3 : 86, 1895. Grammonota trivittata Emerton. Conn. Acad. Sci. Trans. 16 : 388, pi. 1, fig. 6, 1911. Male. Length, 2 mm. Cephalothorax dull yellow strongly suffused with dusky except on the head; head dull yellowish; viewed from above, evenly rounded on the sides with a slight con- striction at the cervical groove, broadly rounded across the front ; viewed from the side, evenly ascending in a straight line to the cervical groove and then evenly and broadly rounded over the head to the posterior eye. Clypeus slighly convex and somewhat protruding. Sternum and labium dusky orange darker on the margin. Endites pale dull orange. Legs yellowish. Abdomen dull white with a median longitudinal dark stripe with irregular edges, posteriorly somewhat herring-bone-shaped. Sides of ab- domen gray. Venter pale. Posterior eyes in a straight line, equal, the median separated by the diameter and a little farther from the lateral. Anterior eyes in a straight line, the median smaller than the lateral, sepa- rated by less than the radius and from the lateral by the diam- eter. Femur of palpus moderately stout, cylindrical, almost straight. Patella short and straight. Patio of length of femur to that of patella as 22 to 10. Tibia obconic, the dorsal margin straight. The dorso-lateral apophysis only moderately incurved and with only a slight indication of being dentate on the median side. Female. Length, 3 mm. Cephalothorax brown with the head pale. Marking on abdomen of the same type as in the male. Epigynum consists of a plate, nearly circular in outline, some- what truncate behind. The median fovea with the sides nearly straight, converging toward the front, rounded in front. The middle lobe crossed in front of the middle by a strongly curved groove convex posteriorly, in front of which are the openings. 412 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL Type locality : Sea Cliff, N. Y. Massachusetts : Wellfleet, Aug. 28, 1918, 1 J1; Woods Hole, July, 1919, 1 ? (Forbes). New York : Roslyn, Banks, types in M. C. Z. Connecticut: Hammonasset Beach, July 26, 1923, 1 §. Emerton also records this species from Lyme, Conn. ; Provi- dence and Newport, R. I.; Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, Hyan- nis, Chatham, Provincetown, Plymouth, Boston, Gloucester, and Ipswich, Mass. ; Bath and Thomaston, Me. Grammonota vittata Barrows (Figures 50-52) Grammonota vittata Barrows. Ohio Jour. Sci. 19 : 357, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1919. Male. Length, 2 mm. Cephalothorax orange, lightly suffused with dusky ; viewed from above evenly rounded on the sides with a slight constriction at the cervical groove, eyes in profile ; viewed from the side, gradually ascending behind to the cervical groove and then very gently arched over the head to the posterior eyes. There is a median row of hairs directed forward in front of the cervical groove; the row is double between the posterior median eyes and there is a cluster of long curved hairs in the median ocular area. Clypeus almost straight and very slightly pro- truding. Sternum and labium orange suffused with dusky, darker to- wards the margin. Endites yellowish orange, lighter distally. Cheliceras orange. Legs yellowish orange. Abdomen grayish yellow with a sooty, median stripe extending back two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Posterior eyes in a straight line, equal, the median separated by -a little more than the diameter and from the lateral by a little more than the radius. Anterior eyes in a very slightly recurved line, the median smaller than the lateral, subcontiguous, separated from the lateral by two-thirds the diameter. Femur of palpus rather short, cylindrical, almost straight. Patella short and straight. Ratio of length of femur to that of patella as 18 to 8. Tibia obconic, when viewed from above the Dec., 1932] Bishop and Crosby: Spiders 413 mesal side appears convex. The dorsal margin smooth and nearly straight. The dorso-lateral apophysis very broad, quad- rate, the lateral angle square. The mesal angle obtuse and finely dentate. The paracymbium long, slender, strongly curved and the tip pointed and very strongly hooked. The embolic division similar to that of inornata but the tail-piece is shorter. The embolus is not coiled but looped across the end of the bulb. Just back of the bezel there is a conspicuous, black, stout, curved, sharp-pointed process. Female. Length, 2.6 mm. Similar to male in form and color. The anterior legs have the tibiae armed beneath with three pairs of long, slender spreading spines with an extra one distally; the metatarsi with two pairs. Tibia of second legs armed below with a single long spine ; metatarsi armed below with two spines, not paired. The epigynum consists of a large light-colored plate. The median fovea quadrate, the sides slightly constricted anteriorly, the front margin broadly rounded. Type locality: Hebron, Ohio. Through the kindness of Profesosr Wm. M. Barrows, of Ohio State University, we have been able to study a pair of this inter- esting species. Ohio : Hebron, Oct. 3, 1918, 1^1 J. New Jersey: Mays Landing, June, 1925, 1 J' (Fletcher). 414 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL PLATE XYI 1. Grammonota electa, 8 right palpus, dorsal view. Grammonota electa, $ epigynum. 3. Grammonota gigas, 8 right palpus, dorsal view. 4. Grammonota gigas, 8 right palpus, ventral view. 5. Grammonota gigas, 9 epigynum. 6. Grammonota gigas, ■8 first leg. 7. Grammonota gigas, 8 cephalothorax, dorsal view. 8. Grammonota gigas, 8 cephalothorax, lateral view. 9. Grammonota inornata, $ right palpus, ventral view, cleared. 10. Grammonota inornata, $ right palpus, ventral view. 11. Grammonota inornata, $ right palpus, lateral view, cleared. 12. Grammonota inornata, $ right palpus, dorsal view. 13. Grammonota inornata, $ epigynum. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Sog.), Vol. XL (Plate XVI) GRAMMONOTA 416 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL PLATE XVII 14. Grammonota insana, $ cephalothorax, dorsal view. 15. Grammonota insana, $ right palpus, ventral view. 16. Grammonota insana, $ right palpus, dorsal view. 17. Grammonota insana, $ epigynum. 18. Grammonota inusiata, $ right palpus, dorsal view. 19. Grammonota inusiata, $ epigynum. 20. Grammonota maritima, $ right palpus, dorsal view. 21. Grammonota maritima, $ epigynum. 22. Grammonota Mncaidi, $ right palpus, ventral view. 23. Grammonota Mncaidi, $ right palpus, dorsal view. 24. Grammonota maculata, $ epigynum. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL (Plate XVII) GEAMMONOTA 418 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL 25. Grammonota 26. Grammonota 27. Grammonota 28. Grammonota 29. Grammonota 30. Grammonota 3 1 . Grammonota 32. Grammonota 33. Grammonota 34. Grammonota 35. Grammonota 36. Grammonota 37. Grammonota PLATE XVIII maculata , $ right palpus, ventral view. maculata, $ right palpus, dorsal view. ornata, $ right palpus, dorsal view. ornata, $ right palpus, ventral view. ornata, 9 epigynum. pallipes, $ right palpus, ventral view. pallipes, $ right palpus, dorso-lateral view. pallipes, 9 epigynum. pictilis, $ right palpus, meso-ventral view. pictilis, $ right palpus, dorso-lateral view. pictilis, $ cephalothorax, lateral view. pictilis, 9 epigynum. capitata, $ head, lateral view. After Emerton. (Plate XVIII) (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL GRAMMONOTA 420 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL 38. Grammonota 39. Grammonota 40. Grammonota 41. Grammonota 42. Grammonota 43. Grammonota 44. Grammonota 45. Grammonota 46. Grammonota 47. Grammonota 48. Grammonota 49. Grammonota 50. Grammonota 51. Grammonota 52. Grammonota PLATE XIX pictilis, $ right palpus, ventro-lateral view. pictilis, $ cephalothorax, dorsal view. spinnimana, $ right palpus, dorsal view. spinnimana , $ first and second legs, ventral view. spinnimana, $ epigynum. texana, $ epigynum. right palpus, meso-ventral view, right palpus, dorsal view, cephalothorax, lateral view, cephalothorax, dorsal view. $ epigynum. $ right palpus, dorsal view, epigynum. right palpus, ventral view, right palpus, dorsal view. texana, texana, texana, texana, trivittata, trivittata, vittata, $ vittata, $ vittata, $ The preparation of the drawings, by Albert W. Force and Helen Zorsch, was made possible by a grant from the Heckscher Research Foundation at Cornell University. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL (Plate XIX) GRAMMONOTA Dec., 1932] Forbes: Aristotelia 423 THE RUBIDELLA GROUP OF ARISTOTELIA (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) By Wm. T. M. Forbes Cornell University, Ithaca, New York There has been a suspicion for many years1 that the material standing in American collections as Aristotelia rubidella and A. pudibundella represented a considerable number of similar but definitely characterized species. The need for a correct deter- mination of the Porto Rican species reported by Walsingham under these names necessitated some more definite action and led to a review of the material standing in several collections under those names. There is no attempt here to make the study complete, but merely to identify these two species definitely and clear up some material that was actually confused with them. For a real re- vision of the group the material standing as fungivorella and as roseosuffusella would also have to be gone over, as they also include several species, some of which have been recently de- scribed by Braun and Meyrick. Two of these I had actually confused with rubidella and pudibundella, namely an undescribed close relative of fungivorella, which had been mistaken for pudi- bundella, and a southern form of roseosuffusella (the eastern clover species which commonly goes by that name) which had lost the white markings almost wholly, and so fitted rather closely to Zeller’s original description of pudibundella. I have examined the types of Zeller’s pudibundella, Clemens’s rubidella, and Chambers’ intermediella and rubensella. Zeller’s molestella is not at Cambridge, and no doubt is in the Zeller collection at London. It cannot be identified from the descrip- tion alone, and may turn out the same as intermediella. I found in this type material there were three well characterized species, none of which were the Porto Rico species from which I started, and which Walsingham had used to recharacterize rubidella 1 See Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25: 797; Forbes Lep. N. Y. 296. 424 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL and perhaps pudibundella. Zeller’s types of pudibundella from Texas were a species that we had not previously recognized, but his Massachusetts types agreed with Clemens’s unique type of rubidella. Clemens’s species was very distinct and generally correctly named, but was a species that did not have the secon- dary sexual characters given it by Walsingham, who seems to have had only the West Indian species ( diolcella Forbes). The types of intermediella agree so far as can be told (lacking an abdomen) with the species which Miss Murtfeldt bred from apple and called intermediella, but were very different from either the species which Bnsck or I had identified as pudibundella, to which Bnsck sank the species. On the other hand there is an oak species which Miss Murtf eldt had standing as rubensella, which I cannot distinguish structurally from the apple species. Chambers ’ single surviving type of rubensella is the same as the apple species, so far as one can see ; but other material Chambers had determined as rubensella, and standing beside it in the M. C. Z. collection was rubidella, thus explaining Bnsck ’s misidentification of 1903. The type also lacks an abdomen and the name cannot be finally fixed, as there is no food record to help us, so the name should certainly be allowed to lapse. In strict interpretation it should perhaps have priority over intermediella, which itself may even- tually turn out to be molestella Zeller. There are two rather distinct subgroups represented in this material, the first with rubidella and diolcella well defined, the other, with pudibundella, intermediella, the Porto Rican new species vagabundella , etc., less sharply defined, and grading off into fungivorella on one side and roseosuffusella on the other. The two groups may be characterized as follows : A. Outer part of antenna with five white rings or dots on alternate segments ; fore tarsus with a white ring on third as well as first two segments; markings of fore wing normally obscure and confused, of gray and blackish with some scattered rose scaling. Male with conspicuous sex-scaling on fore wing below; uncus scoop-shaped ; valve spatulate but undivided ; saccus more slender, not extended in a double juxta-like process to support the penis Subgroup Rubidella. B. Outer part of antenna plain, or with a white scale on each segment ; fore tarsus with two rings on first segment and one on Dec., 1932] Forbes: Aristotelia 425 second, but none on third ; fore wing normally with contrasting oblique brown fasciae and broad areas of yellow or rose or both. Male without sex-scaling or with some obscure and diffuse scaling on hind wing; uncus simple, a curved cone or acute at apex; valve simple and slender (bifurcate in the outlying roseosuffusella group) ; saccus more massive, and penis supported by an angular chitinization except in inter mediella, in which the penis itself is very large and angular Subgroup Pudibundella. Key to the Species Considered — Male Characters 1. Fore wing with sex-scaling below; uncus scoop-shaped, open at the end; valve spatulate 2. Fore wing without sex-scaling below; uncus tapering, if hollow beneath closed at the end by the strong down curve of the pointed tip; valve slender or notched at apex 3. 2. Valve more slender, the angulation on its lower edge half way out; fore wing below with costal edge plaited and heavily covered with pale sex- scales so that it appears double ; hind wing at costa with a large hair- pencil, received in a groove in fore wing below cell (Porto Rico, etc.) diolcella. Valve with end much broadened, the angulation on its lower edge located near apex; fore wing below with a triangular area of blackish sex- scaling near base, normally followed and rarely replaced by pale sex- scaling; no hair-pencil or grooves rubidella.z 3. Valve broad and notched at apex (Figs. 2, 3). Subgroup Roseosuffusella. Valve slender, linear 4 4. Penis very broad and stout, scoop-shaped at the end, the left side of the scoop raised in a broad blade; no juxta 5. Penis nearly cylindrical or conical, slender, a*t least toward tip; sup- ported by a double triangular chitinization functioning as a juxta, though perhaps a derivative of the saccus 6 5. Structures more slender, valves straighter, subscaphium acute (Fig. 4). intermediella. Structures stouter, valve upcurved, subscaphium blunt at end (Fig. 5) (Mexico) ....: ...squamigera. 6. Subscaphium very slender and sharp, less than ^ as long as valve; penis with an extra somewhat sheath-like chitinization on dorsal side, sug- gesting the modification of A. roseosuffusella (Fig. 6) pudibundella. Subscaphium longer and stouter, nearly half as long as valve; penis simple ....;.. v>.......,;..,. •. 7 7. Subscaphium pointed, simply curved, lower side of tegumen with a curv- ing concave patch of fine bristles ; membrane between 8th segment and ^ In A. corallina of Mexico, which is an outlier of this group, the point on the valve has moved out to form its actual apex, and the rounded apex has become wholly dorsal (Fig. 1) ; there is no sex-scaling. 426 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Voi. XL genitalia with, a complicated mass of expansile scales, which show as a pale mass at the end of the abdomen in the intact insect. vagabundella. Subscaphium blunt, S-shaped ; tegumen without patch of bristles ; ex- pansile tufts at base of genitalia reduced to a few deciduous hairs, inconspicuous 8. 8. Valve short and abruptly narrowing; penis also very short and stout (Fig. 7) ivae. Valve with outer part linear or nearly so; penis slender, spine-like (Figs. 8, 9) Subgroup Fungivorella. Partial Key to Species — Superficial Characters 1. Fore wing suffused, particularly on outer half, where it is practically immaculate ; Indian red salicifungiella. Fore wing with complex markings on outer part, or a confused mixture of scales of two or more contrasting colors 2. 2. Outer ten segments of antenna with five white bars on alternate seg- ments, obscurer species !. 3. Outer ten segments not specially marked; wings as a rule with more contrasting markings 4. 3. A sixth bar on antenna, three segments before the fifth one from apex; almost all the light markings rose, even the bars on palpi being rose : diolcella. No sixth white bar on antenna; bars on palpi white; fore wing frequently marked with some white, at least the bars in the apical fringe being white rubidella. 4. Third segment of palpus very long, mostly with fine black and white longitudinal stripes; a transverse black and white ring at base; fore wing normally extensively marked with white, and with a white apical spot Subgroup Boseosuffusella. Third segment of palpus stouter, as a rule but little longer than second segment, with three transverse bands each of black and white; fore wing with little white, and never with a white apical spot 5. 5. Apical fringe subcaudate, crossed by a curved longitudinal black streak and white bar (very variable in intensity) Group Fungivorella. Apical fringe with transverse striping only ;£|\6.3 6. Antenna with a contrasting white scale or two on each segment, blackish otherwise; antemedial band not extended out in middle of wing, but followed by a separate blackish spot in the fold, which may be ob- scured by the general dark ground color ; fore wing with a tendency to iridescence 7. 3 The following species are only partly determinable on superficial char- acters and the male genitalia must always be considered. A. ivae also be- longs to this group, but I haven’t sufficient data to place it in the key. Dec., 1932] Forbes: Aristotelia 427 Antenna dull fuscous, with alternate whorls somewhat paler but no con- trasting white spots; second fascia extended far out in fold, incor- porating the following black dot; ground nearly evenly fuscous, with a little ochre opposite the two middle fasciae (Texas) pudibundella. 7. Ground with a decided violet or rose iridescence, in light specimens with buff head and thorax, with a strong rose iridescence; discal spot at end of cell partly cut off from the third fascia as a rule (Mississippi Valley and Southwest) intermediella. Ground blackish, normally so dark as to conceal the black spot in the fold ; the dorsal region more or less ochre, with golden iridescence in a favorable light (Porto Rico) vagabundella. A. diolcella Forbes Eucatoptus rubidella Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, 70; Aristotelia r. Forbes, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico xii, 116, 1930. Aristotelia diolcella Forbes, Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R. xv, 366, 1931, PI. 42, fig. 13; 47, Fig. 42 (male genitalia). (Not Aristotelia rubidella Clemens) Very close at first glance to the North American A. rubidella with which Walsingham confused it, but easily separated in the male by the sex-scaling and pencil. Walsingham transferred A. rubidella to Eucatoptus on the basis of this species ; in fact the true rubidella has no hair-pencil. Besides Porto Rico the species is found in the Virgin Islands and Lesser Antilles. A. rubidella Clemens Gelechia rubidella Clemens, Proc. Nat. Sci. Phil, xii, 163, 434, 1860. Aristotelia r. auct. in part. (Not Eucatoptus rubidella Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, 70, which is A. diolcella). The type of this species in Philadelphia is a female, but it shows the characteristic barred antenna and fore tarsus, and is completely congruent in appearance, so I believe there is no question of identification. The corresponding male does not have the hair-pencil which both Walsingham and Busck used as the special character of the species, but which exists only in the related Antillian one; in fact I know of no mainland species which does have the pencil. 428 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL The species differs from others on the mainland in the general scattering of pink flecks on a generally dark wing with confused markings, a character more emphasized in A. diolcella. The group characters will also separate it from the other mainland species, corallina alone having a similar fore tarsus and genitalia, but being easily separated by the continuous pink and white dorsal stripe. The secondary sex-scaling on the fore wing varies a great deal without any corresponding variation in genitalia; typically there is a triangular patch of blackish scales followed by a less definite, similar straw area, but the straw area may be lost, and a Florida specimen shows the two colors almost reversed, the dark area being enclosed in a large cream area which extends across the base of the wing and out along both margins to the middle. Some of these variations may mark good local forms. A. rubidella is the only one of the three species common in the east, and practically all eastern records should be credited to it; including Zeller’s Massachusetts types of pudibundella. There is a single inter mediella in the Dietz collection labelled “East River, Conn.,” but the record should be verified. I have the following records : Labelle, Florida, May 8-10, 1916 (Bradley) ; Silver Lake, Chesham, N. H., July 1930 (Klots) ; Ithaca and McLean, N. Y., July-Aug., not rare; Rock City, N. Y., July 4; Monteagle, Tenn., Aug., 1930 (Richards); Biloxi, Miss., June 13, 1917 (Bradley). A. pudibundellla Zeller Gelechia pudibundella Zeller, Yerh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiii, 273, 1873 (in part, Texas material only) ; Walsingham, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, 181, 1882 ; Aristotelia p. Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxv, 796, 1903 (in part, not synonyms or life his- tory). (Not Aristotelia pudibundella Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897, 66, nor Forbes, Lep. N. Y., 295, 1924, nor Sci. Surv. P. R., xii, 116, 1930.) This species must be limited to the Texas types, the Massachu- setts ones surviving in the U. S. National Museum being A. rubi- della Clemens. Zeller’s description was obviously composite, being based primarily on the Texas material, but referring to the Dec., 1932] Forbes: Aristotelia 429 extensive pink markings which are found only in rubidella. All the material in several collections I have seen with this name belongs to other species, and I have characterized it entirely from the Texas types in Cambridge and Washington, of which there are 11, several in good condition. The one at the head of the series in Cambridge has some right to be considered the holotype, and as it has preserved its abdomen and is a male, I have mounted the genitalia (Fig. 6) and marked it “lectotype. ” Superficially it is practically indistinguishable from a small Texas member of the fungivorella group (which however shows traces of the black and white apical bar of that group), from A. ivae Busck, and from A. intermediella Chambers, which is the species most frequently passing for it. The genitalia, however, are perfectly distinct in each case. The nearest thing to a superficial character to separate it from the others is the nearly plain antenna, also shared by the Texas fungivorella, but the character seems to have some exceptions. In the genitalia it comes nearer to roseosuf- fusella than any other member of its group, showing the charac- teristic very small, curved and sharply pointed subscaphium, and the irregular chitinization on the dorsal side of the penis, but the slender valve is as in other members of this subgroup, the valve also has a rough swelling and mass of short bristles about J way out, which seems limited to the species. A. vagabundella Forbes Aristotelia pudibundella Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, 66 ; Forbes, Sci. Surv. P. E. xii, 116, 1930. Aristotelia vagabundella Forbes, Jour. Dept. Agr. P. E. xv, 365, 1931, PL 42, Fig. 12; 47, Figs. 40, 41 (male genitalia). (Not Aristotelia pudibundella Zeller) I have described this species in the paper cited in the Journal Dept. Agr. P. E. It is decidedly close to pudibundella on the one hand and to ivas on the other, but abundantly distinct in genitalia. The yellow gloss when distinct seems characteristic, but sometimes is obsolete, especially in rubbed specimens. The yellow anal tuft is absolutely diagnostic of the male, and appar- ently can always be seen. It is only known from Porto Eico and the Virgin Islands. 430 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL A. intermediella Chambers ?? Gelechia modest ella Zeller, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxiii, 274, 1873; Aristotelia m. Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxv, 797, 1903. Gelechia intermediella Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr, iv, 89, 144, 1878 ; Murtfeldt, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. xxiii, 53, 1871. Gelechia rubensella Chambers, Can. Ent. iv, 193, 1872 (in part) ; Murtfeldt, Can. Ent. vi, 222, 1874 (variety). There are two forms of this species, with identical pattern and genitalia but differing in coloring and food-plant, — an apple phase with purple iridescence, and a paler oak phase with rose iridescence. Chambers’ marked types of intermediella and rubensella are both of the purple phase, and apparently not bred ; they have both lost their abdomens. The genitalic charac- ters were investigated on one of Miss Murtfeldt ’s original apple breeding, which is obviously identical with the Chambers types, and a specimen from the Murtfeldt collection of the rose colored phase without data, but most probably of the original oak breed- ing (Fig. 4) ; since the only specimen with her oak breeding number had lost the abdomen. The Cornell collection has also a still paler form with identical genitalia from Gillett, Texas, June 25, 1917 (Bradley). It is caught, but may turn out to be a third food-variety when bred. The surviving type of inter- mediella is from Texas, and of rubensella from Kentucky, by their labels, which are presumably correct, but not original, as the material was, I understand, received at the M. C. Z. in pill- boxes and mounted there. The characters of this species are difficult to put in words, but not so difficult to recognize ; in fact, it looks more distinct than fungivorella or ivce from pudibundella, at first glance. It is the one that Busck has had mainly in mind in determining pudi- bundella. A. squamigera Walsingham, of which Mr. Busck has allowed me to examine a paratype (Fig. 5), has a similar deformed penis but a different valve. It must be very close to intermediella. Dec., 1932] Forbes: Aristotelia 431 A. roseosuffusella Clemens This species is usually considered easily determinable by the contrasting white apical spot, and clear white areas of ground generally (a character shared by a couple of the recently de- scribed close relatives). We have a strain from the Gulf Strip which has largely lost these white areas, and looks remarkably like the light forms of inter mediella. The simplest discriminat- ing character is the long longitudinally striped third segment of the palpus, as in other members of the roseosuffusella group. The fore wing is brown-banded on a light powdery gray base, much mixed with pink and yellow; and the thorax is light brown, with contrasting blackish tegulse, a little more prominent than in the light forms of intermediella. Males usually have the genitalia (Fig. 2) sufficiently extruded to show the broadly expanded and notched tips of the valves, which are identically as in roseosuffusella. The University collection has specimens from La Place, Ala., June 9, 1917, Leroy, Ala., June 11, 1917, and Victoria, Texas, June 24, 1917, all collected by Bradley. A. fungivorella Clemens This species is typical of a little group characterized super- ficially by the strikingly marked apical fringe, and in the geni- talia by the blunt S-curved subscaphium, combined with most of the other characters of pudibundella. There are at least three species, and I am not sure which is the true fungivorella. I figure the genitalia of two of them (Figs. 8, 9). A. salicifungiella Clemens A very striking thing, which seems to have been confused with fungivorella merely on account of the similar food. It appears almost solidly brick red, and has almost the identical markings of the South American Empedaida; but the palpi are slender and pointed as in other Aristotelias. I have not seen the geni- talia ; in fact, know of only two specimens — the type, supposed to be from Pennsylvania, and a specimen in the M. C. Z. from Iowa City, la., July 18, 1898 (Wickham). 432 Journal New York Entomological Society [Voi. XL PLATE XX Male genitalia of species of Aristotelia. The penes are in most cases drawn separately and placed at the right or below the main figures. Figure 1. A. corallina. Figure 2. A. roseosuffusella. Figure 3. A. psoraleae (slide by Busck from specimen in the TJ. S. Na- tional Museum). Figure 4. A. intermediella. Figure 5. A. squamigera (slide by Busck from specimen in the TJ. S. National Museum). Figure 6. A. pudibundella (lectotype in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge). Figure 7. A. ivae (slide by Busck of type in the TJ. S. National Museum). Figure 8. Aristotelia, group fungivorella (slide by Busck of specimen in the TJ. S. National Museum). Figure 9. Aristotelia, group fungivorella (Texas specimen, superficially very close to A. pudibundella). (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL (Plate XX) Dec., 1932] James: Diptera 435 NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN COLORADO DIPTERA By Maurice T. James BOMBYLIID^E Eclimus muricatus (0. S.) ( Epibates muricatus 0. S., West. Dipt., 272.) The following specimen, taken at Manitou, Colo., June 15, 1929 (M. T. James), fits the description of Osten Sack- en’s species, which was described from a single male. Male. Length, 14 mm. Entire body black, largely velvety and opaque, the front and sternum somewhat shining. Antennae long, black, the second joint short, the third joint nearly as long as the first two combined. Proboscis elongate, with long, nar- row labia ; palpi long, about half the length of the proboscis, prominent, distinctly two-jointed. Thorax beset with sharp rigid spines on the dorsum, which are conspicuous, and in four rather distinct rows ; they vary in size from small to quite large, and are mostly pre-sutural, Thorax devoid of bristles. Wings strongly infumated, more so near the veins, and becoming grad- ually darker toward the costal margin, the costal cell becoming quite deeply brown. Costa beset with quite distinct teeth in two distinct rows. Legs long, black, the front tarsi somewhat lighter, brownish below. Halteres black. Head, thorax, abdo- men, and femora clothed with black pile, which is less dense, but, nevertheless, present, on the dorsum of the thorax; bristles of tibiae and tarsi black. The female lacks the tubercles on the mesonotum and costa and has a broad, shining black front and more robust abdomen. Two females from Cascade, Colo., July 9, 1914, and one from California, in the American Museum of Natural History. STRATIOMYIDiE Odontomyia similis Johnson. I am referring the following specimen from the collection of the Colorado Agricultural Col- lege, taken on Cameron Pass, Colo., June 5, 1931 (C. R. Jones, ?) to this species, which was described from a single female. 436 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Yol. XL Female. Length, 10 mm. Head and occiput yellow; ocellar triangle black ; vertex, a spot on each side of the front, a median frontal stripe from the base of the antennae half-way to the oc- cipital triangle, and a large spot at the base of the antennae, all black. Antennae black, the first joint twice the length of the second; proboscis black. Dorsum of thorax black, its posterior angles yellow ; scutellum yellow ; spines yellow, short, upcurved. Pleura green, with two black spots, the anterior one touching the black pectus. Abdomen black, except for the following marks, which are green: a triangular spot on each side at the posterior margin of the second segment ; a pair of bands in a similar position on the third and another, but much shorter pair, on the fourth; a narrow abdominal margin, considerably wid- ened at the posterior margin of the fifth segment. Venter green. Halteres green. Femora, except base, black; bases of tibise and of tarsal segments black; remainder of legs yellow. Wings hyaline ; veins strong, yellow. Third vein simple ; discal cell emits three distinct veins. The abdominal markings in this specimen are greenish, rather than yellow, as in Johnson’s description of the type; but, as Johnson remarks, this is of little consequence. Fresh specimens of Odontomyia seem to have green markings that turn yellow with age. Odontomyia nuda new species Scutellum unspined; abdomen with an irregular black dorsal line and a yellow border. Female. Head and occiput yellow, with sparse yellow pubescence ; vertical triangle black; a rounded black spot on each side of the front, below the vertical triangle, and another just below the base of the antennae; proboscis black. Antennae missing in type. Dorsum of thorax wholly black, except for posterior angles, and with short yellow pubescence; tergum yellow; pectus black. Scutellum wholly yellow, with black pubescence above; un- spined. Halteres yellow. Metascutellum black, not prominent. Abdomen yellow in ground color; a series of broadly-connected diamond-shaped black spots on the center of the segments, forming a continuous line, the spot on the fifth segment nearly attaining the lateral margin, broader than the others ; a small black spot near each lateral margin of the third segment, a larger one, briefly connected with the central spot, in the same position on the fourth segment; apex of fifth segment yellow. Venter yellow. Dec., 1932] James: Diptera 437 Femora except tip, and distal half of tibiae, black, femora slightly yellowish beneath; tip of femora, proximal half of tibiae, and tarsi, chiefly yellow; terminal tarsal joints brownish. Wings hyaline, veins yellow; third vein distinctly forked; discal cell emits three distinct veinlets. One specimen in the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College, female, Maybell, Colo., Aug. 1, 1904. (Collector un- known.) This species is related to 0. nigrirostris Loew and to 0. fallax Johnson. The abdominal markings will readily distinguish it from both these species. Odontomyia alticola, new species This species is closely related to 0. arcuata, and descriptions of 0. arcuaia apply to this species, with the following exceptions ; the face is wholly yellow or green in both sexes; the scutellum, in the females, is wholly yellow or green and covered with thin pile which, in some specimens, becomes blackish toward the base; in the males, the black at the base of the scutellum is narrower than in 0. arcuata; the yellow of the occiput, in the females, is more extended, the black region being confined to the borders of the occipital fossa; the abdominal markings of the female consist of subtriangular mark- ings on the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments, all rounded at the posterior angles, all black; that of the second segment joins broadly to the marking of the first segment, which consists of a narrower band along the posterior margin; those of the third and fourth are greatly attenuated at the lateral margins, and touch the anterior margins of the segments only narrowly at the middle and at the extremities; that of the fifth indented posteriorly ; none of these markings are connected with the others, except for the connection between the first and the second. Several specimens of this species were labeled “0. arcuata” together with other true specimens of 0. arcuata in the Colorado Agricultural College collection; but, though 0. arcuata is an extremely variable species, I believe these specimens of 0. alticola constitute a distinct species, or at least subspecies, by virtue of the stability of this variation in the same locality. Johnson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxii, 256) probably had specimens of this species before him when he wrote: “In the ten specimens before me this character ( i.e ., the lack of the biarcuate edge) predominates, although it is not typical; in one specimen which very closely resembles the type the marking of the second segment is triangular, and on the other segments the biarcuate edge is want- ing, and the anterior edge does not quite reach the margin of the segment toward the lateral portions. ’ ’ I am somewhat dubious as to the males, but I have referred those having the face entirely yellow to 0. alticola and those having the upper part of the face, toward the base of the antennae, black, to 0. arcuata. 438 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Types. — Holotype, female, allotype, male, Fort Collins, Colo., June 23, 1931. Paratypes, 5 females, 3 males, Fort Collins, June 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 1931 ; 2 females, Canon City, Colo., June 25, 1931; 1 male, Clifton, Colo., June 9, 1911; 1 male, Delta, Colo., June 28, 1912; 6 females, “Colo.,” no date (all in the col- lection of the Colorado Agricultural College, collectors un- known) ; 1 female, Boulder, Colo. (C. P. Custer), July 4, 1925 (Colorado University Collection). DOCTOR OTTOLENGUFS COLLECTION OF phytometrin.se By Frank E. Watson American Museum of Natural History The members of the New York Entomological Society1 will be interested to learn that Dr. R. Ottolengui has donated his very excellent collection of Phytometrinse to this Museum. The older members will remember that Dr. Ottolengui specialized in this subfamily of the No etui else, and published an extensive paper in our Journal entitled — “Plusia and Allied Genera with Descrip- tions of New Species,” 1902, Vol. X, No. 2, pp. 57-77, Pis. vi-ix. This collection is very complete and world-wide in scope. It contains about 3,300 specimens, representing nearly 450 species, and includes types, paratypes, metatypes, and homotypes. A great deal of the material is fresh and beautiful, the specimens looking as if bred. Many of the series are long. Individuals used for figuring in his published papers are so labeled. Accompanying the collection is an album containing 171 hand colored sketches of types and other rare species. Dr. Ottolengui ’s collection is now incorporated in that of the Museum and is available to students. 1 Read at the meeting of Dec. 15, 1931. Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 439 NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF OLD WORLD OESTROMUSCOID FLIES By Charles H. T. Townsend The following are descriptions of the Old World forms orig- inally prepared for inclusion in the paper “ Revised Classifica- tion of Oestromuscoid Flies with Generic Synonymy of the Group/’ but finally reserved for separate publication. The taxonomic arrangement agrees with the revised classification given in the above paper. An outline of this is contained in my “Notes on American Oestromuscoid Types” (Revista de Entomologia, Nos. 1 & 2), to which the student is referred for futher particulars. MUSClDiE MUSCINI Scutellorthellia gen. nov. — Genotype, Musca lauta Wied — Java Runs out with Orthellia ED. Head extremely flattened and the frontal profile so strongly sloped as to be nearly in line with facial; clypeus gently sunk, cuplike, two and one:half times as long as wide; epistoma distinctly but not well narrowed from clypeus, short and in clypeal warp; haustellum little longer than labella, first antennal joint flush; eyes nearly bare, facets of upper two-thirds greatly enlarged in male; female vertex-width well over one-third head-width and front nearly uniform width, male front pinched out by contiguous eyes, IVES straight, no FRO nor OCS in either sex, female parafrontalia polished metallic, parafacialia bare, cheeks fully one- third eye-length, mesoseutum and scutellum clothed with fine short hair, scu- tellum much swollen especially in male ; postalar wall, tympanic pit and pro- pleura bare; tympanic ridge and prosternum bristled, greater ampulla large and raised, 1 PA, no IPAL, PTL thickly-set short hairs, HPL thinly -set short hairs, EM ciliate inside above with 1 or 2 hairs and bearing 1 or 2 setse on its inferior proximal process, 5E open length of R6 before wingtip, E5 bristled halfway to tip below with sparse and very delicate hairs but bare above; male squamae much enlarged, elongate, widened behind, outer hind corner arcuate; flexor surface of midtibiae with a strong bristle below middle; abdomen metallic, thickly set with erect black pile in male; ventral membrane exposed. — Female holotype, Copenhagen. RHINIIDJE EHINIINI Trichoberia gen. nov. — Genotype, T. rufopilosa, sp. nov. — Guinea Runs out with Beria ED. Head well swollen and inflated, frontal profile arcuate and one-third longer than facial, clypeus nearly flush, no facial 440 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL carina; epistoma Phasia-like, full width and nearly three -fourths length of clypeus ; haustellum stout, palpi widened and flattened, antennae widely separated at base, first antennal joint flush, arista bare, eyes bare; male vertex-width one-ninth head-width, front nearly uniform width on posterior third, widening to nearly half head-width at base antennae; IYRS decussate, OCS short and proclinate, parafacialia scatteringly setose above, cheeks three-fifths eye-length, head and thoracic bristles normal, whole thorax and scutellum thickly clothed with long pile, venter and base of abdomen with shorter and thinner pile, 5 PA, 4 PS, 2 ST, 1 black PTL, HPL only yellow pile, 5R open over length of R6 before wingtp, R5 bare, RM yellow-pilose above; abdomen only a little longer than wide, no MM on any segments; second male sternite fully exposed and overlapping tergite, third and fourth widely exposed but overlapped by tergites, no ventral membrane; male fifth sternite deeply cleft. Trichoberia rufopilosa sp. nov. — 1 male, Guinea Length, 9 mm. Wholly yellowish-testaceous, dorsum of abdomen with thin coat of tawny pollen; pile of thorax and scutellum light rufous, becoming more yellowish on pleura; frontalia, antennae, palpi and legs fulvous, tibiae somewhat darker, tarsi blackish; wings clear, squamae concolorous with body. — Male holotype, Copenhagen (Westermann Coll). Chlorrhynchomyia gen. nov. — Genotype, C. clausa sp. nov. — Ceylon Runs out with Eurhynchomyia Mall. Head nearly half again as wide as high, frontal profile arcuate ond one-third longer than facial, clypeus nearly flush, no facial carina ; epistoma Phasia-like, well sprung nasutely and broad, fully one-third as long as wide; haustellum two-fifths head-height; palpi flattened, wide and thin; antennae approximated at base, first joint flush; arista long-pubescent halfway, eyes bare; IVRS straight and short, not long enough to meet; 4 short PFRO in female, OCS proclinate -divari- cate, parafacialia faintly micro-pubescent, cheeks nearly half eye-length ; postalar wall, tympanic ridge and pit bare; prosternum bristled, propleura pilose, 4 PS, 2 ST, no IPAL, PTL very short, 5R closed length of R6 before wingtip, R6 far outside tip of Rl, cubitulus arcuate; female second sternite overlapping tergite, third and fourth covered. Chlorrhynchomyia clausa sp. nov. — 6 females, Ceylon (Horn) Length, 4^ to 5 mm. Yellowish; parafrontalia and parafacialia yellowish pollinose, former dotted with brown; frontalia, antennae and palpi fulvous- yellow; proboscis black, vertex faintly greenish beneath pollen, portions of occiput next eyes blackish, faint to large black spot on cheeks; thorax wholly metallic bright green, tip and edges of abdomen forward to second segment same color, black median vitta on abdomen; legs pale yellowish, femora metallic green, tibiae and tarsi tipped with blackish; wings pale yellowish on costa, tipped with smoky -black ; squamae pale yellowish.— Female holotype, Berlin-Lahlem ; female paratype, Lima. Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 441 CALLIPHORIDZE CALLIPHORINI Africomusca gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina westermanni Wied — Cape Good Hope Runs out with Ochromelinda Vill. No facial carina, epistoma full width and warped, facialia strongly ciliate over halfway, proboscis equal to head- height, haustellum not bulblike, palpi clavate, base antennae a little below eye-middle, arista long-plumose three-fifths way or so, eyes bare and nearly contiguous in male, IVRS strong and decussate, OCS long and proclinate, ocellar triangle bristled, parafacialia pilose on upper half; 3 PA, PS and ST; 2 PRA, wings clear, 5R open over length of R6 before wingtip, cubitu- lus angular and acute, squamae pilose above; abdomen metallic violet-blue with yellow apex, first segment shorter than others and without MM, 1 MM on second segment, 1 MD on intermediate segments, MR on last two seg- ments, DR on anal segment. — Male holotype and paratype, Copenhagen (Westermann Coll.) — (T. westermanni RD nec Wied was evidently a very distinct form). Adichosiops gen. nov. — Genotype, Musca quadrimaculata Swed — New Zealand Runs out with Ptilonesia Bezz. Head a little wider than high, frontal profile flat and very sloped, clypeus sunk, no facial carina; epistoma elon- gate, narrowed from clypeus and warped; facialia ciliate high and bowed, vibrissal axis somewhat longer than antennal, haustellum one-third head- height, palpi with swollen tip in female and long-haired below, first anten- nal joint flush, arista long-plumose nearly three-fourths way, eyes thickly pilose, IYRS decussate at tips, 2 PFRO in female, frontalia densely pilose; parafacialia two-thirds width of clypeus, thickly short-pilose on callus at base antennae and bare below; cheeks half eye-length, postalar wall thickly pilose, tympanic ridge bare, prosternum and propleura pilose, greater ampulla brown and bare, 3 PS and PA, 2 ST, no IPAD, PTL only pile, 6 to 7 pairs LS, wings clear, RM bare, preepaulet and subepaulet yellow, epaulet brown, squamae black and black-pilose on disk; abdomen wholly metallic blue to violet, intermediate segments with MR of short thickly-set appressed bristles, sternites widely exposed, no ventral membrane. — Female holotype, London (Brit. Mus.) — ( Musca sacra Fab. is synonym — female holotype, Copenhagen, labelled “ex Cap. b. sp. ” probably in error). STEPHANOSTOMATIDJE STEPHANOSTOMATINI Chrysosarcophaga gen. nov. — Genotype, C. superba sp. nov. — Solomon Islands Runs out with Phalacrodiscus End. Body elongate, deep golden, not pilose; head a third wider than high; frontal profile nearly flat, faintly arcuate, strongly sloped, little longer than facial; clypeus slightly depressed 442 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL and twice as long as wide; epistoma wide, nearly full widtli of clypeus, short and considerably warped; facialia bristled over halfway, haustellum a third head-height or so, palpi heavy-clavate, vibrissal axis equal to anten- nal, arista long-plumose two-thirds way, female vertex-width one-fourth head-width, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS strong and perhaps decussate, 2 strong PFRO in female; parafacialia half clypeal width, with 2 longer hairs below next eye continued in faint row of short microsetse to vertex; cheeks a third eye-length, lateral plates of postscutellum setose, prosternum and propleura bare, prescutum nearly as long as postscutum and latter with flattened disk, 4 strong PS and PRS, 3 strong ST in line, no PH, IPAL differentiated and short, PTL 5 or 6 short; 3 LS, the HLS long and decus- sate, no APS, 1 strong DS; 5R open well before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled to R6, M3 half its length from cubitulus ; squamae large, two-thirds as wide as long, inwardly approximated; no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, MR on last two segments and on first hypopygial segment, sternites narrowly exposed, female sixth tergite incised on median line. Chrysosarcophaga superba sp. nov. — 1 fbmale, Bougainville, Solomon Islands (Rechinger) Length, 15 mm. Deep gold pollinose ; frontalia, antennae, palpi, two uninterrupted thoracic vittae, line from humerus to wingbase, abdominal incisures and median line on first three segments, venter, hypopygium and legs black, third antennal joint with a brownish bloom; proboscis blackish; thoracic vittae equal width, well defined, reaching nearly to front border of scutellum; vungveins bordered with smoky -yellow, squamae white. — Female holotype, Vienna. Eupseudosarcophaga gen. nov. — Genotype, Sarcophila mamillata Pand — France Runs out Avith Pseudosarcophaga Kram. Frontal profile faintly arcuate and nearly twice as long as facial, arista short-plumose halfAvay and basal joints short, male vertex-width one-sixth and female a third head-\\Tidth, male front at base antennae nearly a third head-width, FRS stopping at base antennae, IVRS nearly meeting at tips, 2 PFRO in female and none in male, frontalia narroAved posteriorly in male, cheeks half eye-length, 1 PA, 3 PS and ST, 5R open, R1 bare, stump at cubitulus, no male tibiae long-villous; abdomen of normal type, pollinose, not pilose, first sternite overlapping ends of first tergite, basal hypopygial segments of male large and each bearing two nipplelike processes. — Male holotype, Paris. MILTOGRAMMINI Synorbitomyia gen. nov. — Genotype, Hoplacepliala linearis Vill. — Formosa Runs out Avith Sphecapatoclea Vill. Head one-fourth wider than high ; frontal profile flat, strongly sloped, half to two-thirds longer than facial; epistoma warped and then extending doAvnward in vertical plane, very nar- Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 443 rowed from clypeus and about as long as wide; V decussate, haustellum stout and little longer than labella, base antennae on eye-middle and antennae not separated at base, first antennal joint nearly flush, arista bare and thickened not halfway; eyes nearly bare, only thinly short-haired; female vertex-width over a third and male over a fourth head-width, face on middle half head-width; frontalia nearly to wholly covered by parafrontalia in male, at times covered anteriorly in female; parafrontalia strongly flattened as if pressed; parafacialia twice as wide as clypeus above, narrowed below, pubescent and with row of short setae on inner edge; cheeks a third eye- length; postalar wall,, tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PS, 4 ST, IPAL scarcely differentiated, several short PTL, venation strongly voriine, 5R narrowly open quite far before wingtip, last section of Cl nearly half length of preceding, cubitulus V-like and two-fifths wing- width from hind margin, Ml heavily bent in at base, M3 its length from cubitulus and bowed inward, stump at cubitulus; no MM on first segment, 1 strong approximated MM on second, MR on last two segments; second sternite overlapping tergite in both sexes, third and fourth triangularly exposed in male but mere tips showing in female. — Female holotype, Berlin- Dahlem. Oestrosomomyia gen. nov. — Genotype, Miltogramma globulare Mg. — Ger- many Runs out with Oebalia RD. Frontal profile flat and little over facial, clypeus deeply cuplike and nearly twice as long as wide; epistoma strongly narrowed from clypeus, nearly length of latter, widening below and some- what warped; Y strongly decussate and differentiated, proboscis as long as head-height, antennae not separated at base, arista bare and thickened not halfway, eyes bare, female vertex-width a third head-width, IVRS straight, 2 PFRO in female set far back, parafacialia twice clypeal width and show- ing only faint microsetse, cheeks nearly half eye-length ; postalar wall, tympanic ridge and pit, lateral postscutellar plates, squamopleura, pro- sternum and propleura bare ; 3 PS, 4 ST, no PH, 4 short PTL, 5R open, Ro bristled at base, R6 opposite R1 tip, last section of Cl not a third length of preceding section; squamae well widened and subsquared behind, strongly projecting outside; female abdomen elongate-globular, deeper than wide, not so wide as thorax, nearly half again as long as wide, no MM on first segment, 1 erect MM on second and erect MR on last two segments; sternites 1 and 2 exposed and overlapping tergites, 3 to 5 partially exposed; first hypopygial tergite of female just showing above, convex superiorly and facing posteriorly. — Female holotype (?), Copenhagen. Eumiltogramma gen. nov. — Genotype, E. angustifrons sp. nov. — Formosa Runs out with Miltogramma Mg. Head scarcely wider than high and its profile irregularly semicircular, frontal profile strongly arcuate and two- thirds longer than facial, clypeus sunk cuplike; epistoma a third as wide as clypeus and a third as long as same, not twice as long as least width, 444 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL warped forward and then downward in vertical plane; Y not longer than bristles next them, haustellum one-fifth head-height or so, antennae approxi- mated at base, first antennal joint flush; arista very short, bare and thick- ened halfway; eyes bare, vertex-width in both sexes one-sixth head-width and front only slightly widening anteriorly, FES stopping at base antennae and hugging frontalia, IYES straight, no OCS, parafacialia not over two- thirds width of clypeus and faintly pale microsetose, cheeks one-eighth eye- length, no GNO, scutellum semicircular and nearly as long as wide; postalar wall, tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; no PEA, 4 to 7 short ST, no IPAL, bunch of short PTL, 5E widely open twice length of E6 before wingtip, E5 bristled at base, last section of Cl nearly a third length of preceding; squamae large, as wide as long, widely rounded behind, projecting outside, inner corner an acute angle and subangular; no MM on first two segments, weak ME on third, stronger ME on anal segment; second sternite overlapping tergite, tips of third and fourth exposed in both sexes. Eumiltogramma angustifrons sp. nov. — 1 male and 5 females, Tainan, Macuyama and Takao, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 6 to 9 mm. Head silvery-white; parafrontalia light gold, spread- ing more or less on parafacialia; frontalia pale golden-fuscous, antennae reddish-fulvous, palpi fulvous, occiput cinereous; thorax pale brassy pol- linose, three equal wide black vittae, a separate narrow vitta half as long on each side of the middle one anteriorly in female but largely confluent with latter in male; scutellum blackish, thinly pollinose on apical half; abdomen pale brassy-silvery, dorsum of first segment and median vitta and irregular posterior half of last three segments black; legs blackish, femora pollinose outside; wings extremely clear, glassy and transparent; squamae pearly- white. — Female holotype, male allotype, Berlin-Dahlem ; female paratype, Lima. Thelodiscoprosopa gen. nov. — Genotype, T. formosana sp. nov. — Formosa Euns out with Craticulina Bezz. Head nearly a third wider than high and its profile nearly semicircular, frontal profile sloped and half again as long as facial, clypeus deeply ovately dished and one-fourth longer than wide; epistoma in clypeal dish, narrowed from clypeus and half as long as wide; Y decussate but little longer than bristles next them, proboscis short and stout, palpi slender and not thickened at tip in female, antennae approximated at base and latter little above eye-middle, first antennal joint minute and flush, arista and eyes bare, female vertex-width nearly half head- width and front uniform width nearly to base antennae, face widening evenly and over half head-width on middle, FES stopping at base antennae, IYES convergent, 3 equal PFEO in female, frontalia of female strongly widening posteriorly, OCS strong and proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia micropubescent and nearly as wide as clypeus, no FCO nor GNO, cheeks nearly a third eye-length; postalar wall, tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PS, 2 ST, 1 very weak PEA, IPAL scarcely developed, Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 445 2 short weak PTL, venation not voriine, costal spine quite strong, 5R open well before wingtip, R5 bristled at base, R6 opposite R1 tip, sqaumse very wide and strongly projecting outside on posterior half, female abdomen ovate and tip pointed, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, MR on last two segments; second sternite overlapping tergite, third and fourth covered. Thelodiscoprosopa formosana sp. nov. — 1 female, Kankau, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 6 mm. Whole body thickly silvery-white pollinose, frontalia greenish-yellow to sordid-yellow, pollinose; antennae reddish-fulvous, third joint shading to brown, arista brown; palpi fulvous; 5 faint grayish thoracic vittae, the three inner ones narrow; first segment black except narrow fleck of silvery each side, intermediate segments each with three polishd black and more or less rounded triangles on posterior half or so, anal segments with the three triangles confluent in black tip ; legs blackish, wings nearly clear, squamae pure white. — Female holotype, Berlin-Dahlem. Eumetopiops gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina fastuosa Mg. — Germany Runs out with Splienometopa TT. Head nearly half again as wide as high, frontal profile strongly arcuately bulged and little longer than facial, clypeus very deeply sunk and nearly three times as long as wide; epistoma short and full width, strongly warped; facialia strongly but sparsely ciliate over halfway, Y well differentiated and decussate, haustellum as long as labella, first antennal joint flush, arista bare and thickened nearly to tip, eyes bare, male vertex-width two-fifths head-width and front arcuately widened on middle, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS straight, 3 PFRO in male; frontalia of male extremely widened posteriorly, convex, nearly uni- form width on posterior half and almost filling vertex, silvered, thinly pilose on sides ; OCS very weak in male, divaricate and faintly reclinate ; para- facialia as wide as clypeus, narrowed below, bare except oblique row of short setae; cheeks one-fourth eye-length, prosternum and propleura bare, no PRA, 3 PS, 2 ST, no IPAL, PTL a bunch of short hairs, wings maculate in male, venation not voriine, 5R narrowly open three-fourths length of M3 before wingtip, R5 bristled at base ; squamae very wide and long but not as wide as long, projecting outside somewhat, inner corner subangular; no MM on first segment, 1 MM on intermediate segments, MR on anal segment ; first two sternites exposed, third and fourth covered. — Male holotype, Paris (?). METOPIINI Chaetanicia gen. nov. — Genotype, C. sauteri sp. nov. — Formosa Runs out with Anicia RD. Head a third wider than high and its profile nearly triangular, frontofacial profile acute especially in male and front strongly subconically produced, clypeus two and one-half times as long as wide; epistoma short, nearly full width and in warp of clypeal dish; 446 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL facialia steep, Y long and decussate, haustellum little longer than labella, antennae approximated at base and latter above eye-middle, first antennal joint nearly flush, arista bare and thickened a third way, eyes bare; front and face a third head-width in both sexes, both uniform width throughout except that face is slightly narrowed at oral margin level; IVES straight, 2 PFRO and 3 RFRO in both sexes, frontalia full width throughout and widening posteriorly, parafacialia above as wide as frontalia on middle, prosternum and propleura bare, no A, 3 PS, 2 ST, IPAL a differentiated hair, several very short PTL, 5R narrowly open far before wingtip, R5 bristled halfway to tip, M3 midway and straight, squamae well widened behind, male claws extremely short, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on intermediate segments, MR on anal segment; second sternite overlapping tergite, third and fourth triangularly exposed. Chaetanicia sauteri sp. nov. — 1 male and 1 female, Toa Tsui Kutsu and Kankau, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 6 mm. Head silvery-white, vertex faintly brassy, frontalia and antennae blackish, palpi pale brownish; pleura silvery, mesoscutum and scutellum faintly brassy, four narrow brownish vittae and a fifth between them behind suture; abdomen blackish, last three segments silvery on all but hind margins and median vitta of intermediate segments, the black of second segment expanding in median triangle but same less marked on third segment; legs blackish, wings faintly smoky- tinged, squamae nearly white. — Female holotype, Berlin-Dahlem ; male allotype, Lima. MELAN OPHORIDJE MELAN OPHORINI Parafeburia gen. nov. — Genotype, Ocyptera maculata Fall — Sweden Runs out with Melanophora Mg. Head subdisklike and little wider than high, its profile flattened-circular; frontal profile arcuate and over half again as long as facial, oral profile strongly arcuate anteriorly and pos- teriorly, clypeus gently depressed; epistoma short, somewhat narrowed from clypeus and nearly in clypeal plane in male but somewhat warped forward in female; Y differentiated, decussate and high above lower border of head; proboscis short, palpi filiform in male and slender-clavate in female, base antennae far below eye-middle, third antennal joint little longer than the short second, arista short-pubescent nearly to tip and thickened only on base, eyes bare, vertex-width in male one-fourth and in female one-third of head-width, FRS stopping at base antennae, IVRS not decussate, 2 PFRO in male and 2 to 3 in female, OCS proclinate, parafacialia bare and nearly in plane parallel to clypeal in male but somewhat oblique in female, cheeks two-fifths eye-length in male and wider in female; postalar wall, tympanic ridge and pit, lateral postscutellar plates, squamopleura, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 to 4 PS, 2 PA, 1 short PRA far from suture, 3 LS and no APS, strong costal spine; 5R long-petiolate, stalk as long as M3 and in Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 447 line with R5; latter bristled only at base, R6 beyond tip of Rl, cubitulus a third wingwidth from hind margin; squamse narrow, little longer than wide, arcuately rounded behind and on corners; male abdomen elongate and cylin- droconic, female ovate, 1 MM on first segment, MR on second to fourth segments and no MD but the MM set forward from margin especially on anal segment, first hypopygial segment showing above in female as a fifth abdominal segment; male hypopygium ventral, anal forceps very slender and separated, fifth sternite not cleft nor emarginate but with straight hind edge. — Female holotype, male allotype, Stockholm ( Feburia rapida RD is very distinct from this form). OESTRID^E OESTRINI Hippooestrus gen. nov. — Genotype, Ehmoestrus hippopotami Griinb. — Cameroons Runs out with Rhinoestrus B. Color yellowish-brown marked with silver, head much wider than high, facial carina vestigial, ocelli enlarged, para- frontalia with colored tuberculate area extending in triangle from vertex to lunula, costa bearing a series of chitinized tubercles, 5R petiolate and the stalk distinctly curved upward from R5, R6 outside middle of 3M, M3 much nearer to cubitulus and no stump at latter, squamse very large, sternites comparatively narrow. Otherwise as in Rhinoestrus B. — Female fly holo- type, male allotype, Brussels (State School Yet. Med.)— The anal stigmatic plates of the third-stage maggot are irregularly rounded in outline and present a microtuberculated surface enclosing an elongated button halfway between the center and the lower-inner margin. ORMIINI Phasioormia gen. nov. — Genotype, P. pallida sp. nov. — Malay Peninsula Runs out with Euphasiopteryx TT. Head nearly as wide as high and its profile not semicircular, frontal profile strongly arcuate and little over facial in length, clypeus faintly depressed, no facial carina; epistoma a little narrowed, half as long as wide and continued in oral membrane, nearly in clypeal plane; facialia flattened nearly to clypeal plane, V twice length of bristles next them but not decussate, vibrissal area widened and thickly short-haired; proboscis greatly reduced, haustellum very short and labella very large, palpi stout-cylindric ; first antennal joint nearly flush, third twice length of the elongate second joint; arista nearly twice length of antennae, long-pubescent two-thirds way and short-pubescent the rest; eyes bare and upper three-fifths with very enlarged facets in male, female vertex-width a third head-width and front uniform width, male eyes contiguous from vertex to lunula, FRS stopping at base antennae and diverging widely from frontalia anteriorly, IVRS absent in male and straight in female, 1 to 3 PFRO in female and none in male, ocelli absent, parafacialia bare and nearly in plane parallel to clypeal, cheeks a third eye-length; tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; prosternal membrane strongly in- 448 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL flated in both sexes, 3 PS and PA, middle PRA developed, 1 PRSA, no PH and no IPAL, epaulet concolorous with rest of wingbase and pleura, 5R open half length of R6 before wingtip, El and E5 bare, E6 nearly halfway between tips of S2 and El ; cubitulus a right angle, angular and close to margin; Ml strongly and evenly arcuate inward, squamse widely rounded on outer side and with sharply angular inner corner, no MM on first two segments, ME of very weak hairs on third, anal segment scatteringly cov- ered with weak short hairs, ventral membrane covered, female hypopygium like Ormia. Phasioormia pallida sp. nov. — 1 male and 3 females, Singapore Length, 9-J to 10 mm. Wholly pallid fulvotestaceous including antennae, palpi and legs; wings clear. — Female holotype, male allotype, London (Brit. Mus.). TRIXINI Rutilotrixa gen. nov. — Genotype, Trixa lateralis Walk. — Australia Euns out with Semiomyia Mcq. Head profile not semicircular; frontal profile nearly flat, strongly sloped and a third longer than facial; face not shortened, clypeus well sunk on sides, facial carina low and sharply roof- like; epistoma somewhat narrowed and elongate, warped; facialia strongly bowed and obliquely flattened, haustellum little over a third head-height, rostrum well developed, labella very large; palpi heavily swollen in female, oval, mere bulbs on stalk as long as the swollen tip, thickly long-haired; antennae not separated at base, first joint short, third one-fourth longer than second; arista thin and nearly twice length of antennae, eyes bare, female vertex-width one-fourth head-width and front widening to half head- width at base of antennae, FES stopping at latter, 3 PFRO in female, parafacialia pilose above cheek-grooves and not as wide as clypeus, cheeks three-fifths eye-length and their grooves very large; tympanic ridge, lateral postscutellar plates, squamopleura, prosternum and its membrane bare and last not inflated; propleura pilose, 4 to 5 PS and PES, 3 PEA far from suture, 3 ST, 2 PESA in line, 5E open over length of E6 before wingtip, E5 bristled at base, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, 2 MD on inter- mediate segments, ME on third, anal stragglingly covered, sternites narrowly exposed and ventral membrane covered. — Female holotype, London (Brit. Mus.). PHASIIDH3 PHASIINI Austrophasiopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, A. formosensis sp. nov. — Formosa Euns out with Austrophasia TT. Head scarcely wider than high, circular in front view, flattened anteroposteriorly ; frontal profile nearly flat, ex- tremely sloped and nearly half again as long as facial; clypeus nearly flush, no facial carina; epistoma full width, one-fifth as long as wide and much shorter than clypeus, its edge flared; facialia bare, Y weak but differen- tiated and decussate or tips meeting, vibrissal axis equal to antennal, Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 449 haustellum little longer than the moderately large and normal labella, ros- trum developed, palpi minute, first antennal joint distinctly projecting but very short, second long and third little longer than second ; arista bare ; eyes bare, very obliquely set, nearly reaching vibrissal level but not obscuring the cheeks in profile; male vertex-width equal to width of ocellar triangle, that of female nearly a third head-width; FRS very weak and stopping short of base antennae, IVRS short and decussate, OYRS barely differen- tiated in female; no OCS, postocellars, nor PYRS; parafacialia bare and nearly uniform width, cheeks over one-fifth eye-length; tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; PRA not well differentiated, 4 PS but front 2 weak, 2 PI, 2 weak ST and many hairs, no PST nor IPAL, 1 short weak PTL, wings clear, RM bare; 5R long-petiolate, stalk nearly or quite length of M3 and in line with downward curve of R5 ; M3 midway or nearer R6, cubitulus a rounded obtuse angle, hind tibiae not ciliate ; abdomen short, rounded, little longer than wide, of 4 visible segments above in female, with differentiated but more or less hair like bristles; sternites exposed, ventral membrane widely exposed in female but narrowly in male. Austrophasiopsis formosensis sp. nov. — 1 male and 13 females, Kosempo, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 4 to 5| mm. Head black, thinly silvery-white pollinose, blackish spot opposite base antennae and another on middle of paraf rontalia ; fron- talia and antennae blackish, palpi dusky; thorax black, very thinly silvery pollinose, four faint black vittae, inner pair very narrow; scutellum brown, entire abdomen orange-yellow; legs blackish, hind femora orange-yellow, middle femora yellow to brownish-fulvous; wings hyaline, squamae watery tinged with smoky. — Female holotype, male allotype, Berlin-Dahlem ; female paratype, Lima. TRICHIOPODINI Engelobogosia gen. nov. — Genotype, Bogosia engeli Karsch — Pungo Adongo Runs out with Bogosiella Vill. Head a third wider than high; frontal profile flattened, well sloped, nearly a third longer than facial; clypeus nearly flush ; epistoma full width, nearly half as long as clypeus and nasutely sprung; facialia flattened to clypeal plane and as wide as para- facialia, Y long enough to meet, vibrissal axis three-fourths length of antennal, latter five-sixths head-height, haustellum little over one-fourth head-height, rostrum developed, labella normal, palpi slender-clavate and nearly as long as antennae, first antennal joint nearly flush, third twice length of the somewhat elongate second joint; eyes bare, scalloped on lower two-thirds of posterior margin and reaching far short of lower border of head; female vertex-width over one-fourth head -width and face half head- width on middle, FRS stopping at base antennae, no YRS, postocellars and PYRS nearly equal to FRS, female frontalia nearly three times width of one parafrontal in middle, strong proclinate-divaricate OCS somewhat stronger than FRS, parafacialia a little narrowed below and over a third 450 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL width of clypeus, cheeks over one-fourth eye-length; tympanic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; lateral postscutellar plates setose, 2 PS, 1 ST, no PST and no IPAL, 1 moderately short PTL, 5R petiolate and stalk not as long as R6, R5 bare, squamae squared behind and as wide as long, hind tibiae not ciliate, abdomen elongate and of 6 visible segments above in female but fifth and sixth showing only hind edges, no distinctly differentiated erect MM, some LM on anal segment and first hypopygial and a weak ME on second hypopygial, sternites and ventral membrane exposed. — Female holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.) ; female paratype, Lima. CYLINDROMYIINI Prolophosia gen. nov. — Genotype, P. petiolata sp. nov. — South Africa Runs out with Minthocyptera TT. Head as wide as high, its profile sub- quadrangular; frontal profile faintly arcuate, little sloped and three-fourths length of facial; clypeus nearly flush, even with facialia on median line and only slightly depressed on sides, nearly three times as long as wide; no facial carina; epistoma full width, very short and faintly warped; facialia flattened and fused with clypeus; Y strong, long, decussate and set a little below median oral margin; haustellum short and swollen, rostrum developed, labella large, no palpi, vibrissal equal to antennal axis and latter three-fifths head-height, antennae approximated at base and latter near upper level of eyes, first antennal joint erect and short, second little elon- gate, arista bare, eyes bare and strongly oblique, male vertex-width over one-fourth head-width and front widening to little over a third head-width at base antennae, face a third head-width on upper half and faintly widen- ing below; FES 1 opposite base antennae and 5 behind same, set close to frontalia; IYES straight, OCS small, no postocellars, PYRS small; para- facialia bare and somewhat narrowed below in male, little over one-sixth clypeal width on middle; cheeks nearly one-sixth eye-lengtli, no GNO; postalar wall, tympanic ridge and pit, lateral postscutellar plates, proster- num and propleura bare; 1 PS, PI and ST; no A, PRSA, PH, IPAL nor HPL; 1 extremely small PTL; 5E long-petiolate two-thirds length of M3 before wingtip, stalk three-fourths M3 and bent upward somewhat; R5 bare, E6 opposite El tip and near middle of 3M; M3 straight, at right angle to M2 and one and one-half times its length from cubitulus; squamae small, narrow, arcuately rounded behind, short, not projecting outside, inner corner arcuate; tarsi somewhat elongate; male abdomen narrow, well widened on intermediate segments, over twice length of thorax and of 6 visible segments above in male, basal segment a third length of first seg- ment, 1 MM on first and second segments and MR on third and anal seg- ments, first hypopygial segment of male as long as wide and tip bent under, second nearly as long as first, sternites covered. Prolophosia petiolata sp. nov.- — 1 male, Caffraria (Wahlberg) Length, 8 mm. Blackish; head silvery -white, front and occiput thinly silvery, frontalia black; antennae brownish, base of third joint paler, arista Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 451 pale yellowish; thorax thinly silvery, sternopleura and coxae silvery-white; abdomen thinly silvery on narrow bases of last three segments, legs brownish to blackish; wings nearly clear on a wide central area, the narrow costa and broad tip smoky, inner border less deeply smoky; squamae white. — Male holo- type, Stockholm. Zambesopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, Zambesa claripalpis Yill. — Formosa Runs out with Zambesa Walk. Head nearly a third wider than high and its profile subtriangular, vertex in front view little depressed between eyes; frontal profile nearly flat, well sloped and as long as facial; clypeus well sunk throughout, lower border of head much shorter than head-height, V strong and decussate, first antennal joint erect and somewhat elongate; arista bare, longer than antennae, thickened one-fourth way in male and less in female; vertex-width in both sexes over one-fourth head-width and front widening to a third head-width at base antennae, face uniform width and little over a third head-width, IVES decussate; 2 PFRO in both sexes, in normal position and removed from row of FRS ; frontalia uniform width, no postocellars, PVRS present and tips decussate or convergent, prosternum and propleura bare, no IPAL nor PTL, wings reaching to tip of abdomen, 5R narrowly to well open three times length of R6 before wingtip; R6 dis- tinctly beyond S2 tip, approximated to base of R5 and far inside middle of 3M ; squamae long, somewhat widened and well rounded behind, not as wide as long, inner corner rounded; male claws much shorter than last tarsal joint; abdomen elongate, much narrowed on base in both sexes, male third segment little or not shortened ventrally and anal segment shorter than third dorsally; sternites narrowly exposed, tip of fourth triangularly exposed, no median processes on fifth in male and its lobes moderately wide, uniform width from base to tip and latter not pointed. Otherwise as in Zambesa Walk. — Male holotype, Berlin — Dahlem. Formicocyptera gen. nov. — Genotype, Ocyptera atrata Fab. — Guinea Runs out with Clinogaster Wulp. Frontal profile flat, a little sloped and as long as facial; clypeus flush and two and one-half times as long as wide, no facial carina but a swelling on median line above; epistoma distinctly narrowed from clypeus, as wide as parafacialia, cut short and gently warped; V well differentiated but weak, barely long enough to meet; vibris- sal equal to antennal axis, latter and lower border of head both four-fifths as long as head-height, proboscis little over head-height, no palpi, antennae closely approximated at base, second joint elongate, third in male scarcely over twice length of second, arista bare and thickened one-fourth way, eyes bare and reaching V level, male vertex-width nearly one-fourth head-width and face in middle half head-width, FRS stopping at base antennae, IYRS straight, no OYRS nor FRO in male, OCS proclinate, parafacialia bare and two-thirds as wide as clypeus, cheeks over a third eye-length and posterior part facing nearly downward; tympanic ridge, lateral postseutellar plates, 452 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL squamopleura, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PS, 2 ST, 1 PI, 1 PRSA, no A, PTL only short hairs, 3 HPL ; 5R petiolate nearly M3 before wingtip, stalk longer than R6 and turned upward; R5 bristled at base, R6 nearly opposite El tip, Ml and M3 sinuate and latter its length from cubitulus; squamae elongate, roundly and arcuately widened behind, projecting inside and not outside; male claws stout, pubescent and a little longer than last tarsal joint; male abdomen elongate, widened on middle, much constricted on the short basal segment, first segment evenly widening and thickening posteriorly, second nearly uniform width, third slightly narrowing poste- riorly, first to third nearly equal length, anal half length of third, 1 erect MM on first two and ME on last two segments; second and third sternites covered and fourth exposed, fifth covered by fourth and tergite of latter. — Male holotype, Copenhagen. EUTHEEINI Preuthera gen. nov. — Genotype, Euthera peringueyi Bezz. — Congo Euns out with Euthera Loew. Facial carina prominent and straight in profile, epistoma in clypeal plane, palpi short and clavate, first antennal joint erect and moderately long, second elongate, third in female two and one-half times second; arista as long as third antennal joint, bare and thickened only on base; female front a third head-width, FES stopping at base antennae and decussate, 2 PFEO in female, parafaeialia hairy on upper part; scu- tellum triangular, flattened, obtuse behind; 2 PEA, 3 PES, APS only fine hairs; 5E petiolate, stalk much shorter than Ml; latter nearly straight, M3 straight and a little nearer to cubitulus, latter slightly rounded, no MD on intermediate segments, sternites covered and female hypopygium simple. Otherwise as in Euthera Loew. — Female holotype, Milan. CATHAROSIINI Xanthopetia gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina fascipennis Wied. — Nubia Euns out with Catharosia Edi. Head a little wider than high, frontal profile faintly arcuate and half again as long as facial, clypeus nearly flush and little longer than wide; epistoma cut short, full width of clypeus and widening below, distinctly warped subnasutely on edge ; V barely differen- tiated from the 3 bristles below them, haustellum little longer than wide, labella moderate size, palpi filiform and little longer than antennae, second antennal joint extremely short, third nearly as long as second in male, arista micro-pubescent and somewhat thickened a third way, male vertex- width equal to that of ocellar triangle and front widening to over a third head-width at base antennae, FES stopping at latter, IYES straight, no OYES nor FEO in male, frontalia linelike in male and parafrontalia con- tiguous throughout, OCS proclinate, row of 4 to 7 FCO hairs reaching from opposite base antennae to Y level, cheeks nearly one-sixth eye-length ; lateral postscutellar plates, prosternum and propleural bare ; 3 PS, 1 ST, no PTL ; 5E symmetric, narrow and long petiolate over length of E6 before wingtip, Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 453 stalk one and one-half times length of M3 and in line of R5 ; latter bristled at base, R6 far outside R1 tip, M3 nearer to cubitulus and half its length from latter, which is arcuate and half wingwidth from hind margin ; squamae widely rounded behind and inner corner arcuate, tarsi extremely delicate, abdomen long-ovate and of 5 visible segments above in female, weak MR on first segment and strong MR on second to anal segments, second to anal in both sexes and first hypopygial in female all deeply impressed on base dorsally, sternites covered. — Male holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.) ; female allotype (head lacking), male paratype, Vienna. G YMN OPEZINI Eugymnopeza gen. nov. — Genotype, E. braueri nom. nov. — Europe Runs out with Micra Zett. Head a third wider than high, frontal profile faintly arcuate and longer than facial, occipital profile much bulged on lower half, clypeus flush and a third longer than wide, facial depression in- cluding facialia triangular; epistoma full width of clypeus, wide, short and scarcely warped; facialia flattened into clypeal plane and practically fused with clypeus, V very short and not longer than bristles below them, vibrissal nearly equal to antennal axis, haustellum and rostrum very short, labella rather large, palpi slender and as long as third antennal joint, base an- tennae near upper level of eyes, first antennal joint flush, second a little elongate, third little over second in male and half again as long as second in female, arista bare and thin, eyes bare and nearly (female) or quite (male) reaching V level, male vertex-width equal to width of ocellar triangle and that of female two-fifths head-width, front widening to over a third in male and over a half head-width in female at base antennae, FRS stopping at latter, IVRS convergent, OVRS present, 4 short divaricate PERO in female and none in male, no OCS, frontalia linelike throughout in male and nar- rowed nearly to line on middle in female, parafacialia thickly setose and lower half nearly in clypeal plane, cheeks nearly a third eye-length in male and two-fifths same in female; lateral postscutellar plates, prosternum and propleura bare; prescutum little over half length of postscutum; no PRA, PH nor PST; 4 PS, 1 ST, 1 PRSA, short IPAL; 5R symmetric, narrow, well open in wingtip ; R5 micro-bristled at base and very little curved toward M2, R6 outside R1 tip, M3 straight and its length from R6; squamae small, nar- row, little widened in female but somewhat more widened inward in male; middle and hind tarsi of female elongate, male abdomen ovate, four seg- ments of equal length and no MM on any segments; female anal segment tubular, as long as both intermediate segments together, bent under ab- domen; female theca straight and awllike; second and third sternites ex- posed and ventral membrane widely exposed. Eugymnopeza braueri nom. nov. for Gymnopeza denudata BB. (nec Zett.) — 1 male and 1 female, Europe Length of male, 4 mm; female 4% mm. Female: Head a little silvery; basal antennal joints, palpi, femora and whole thorax yellowish; three brown 454 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL thoracic vittae extending the whole length of mesoscutum but more or less confluent posteriorly, postscutum with a similar vitta outside these on each side ; frontalia and scutellum more rufous, abdomen metallic greenish-brown, tibiae and tarsi dusky; wings yellowish on costa, the rest nearly clear; squamae smoky. Male: Like the female except thorax and abdomen wholly blackish, basal antennal joints and palpi fulvous, humeri and posterior cor- ners of postscutum testaceous. — Female holotype, male allotype, Vienna. Note— The description of Freraea gagatea RD more nearly agrees with E. braueri than with any other known form in the Gymnopezini; but the contiguous eyes, absence of front and dilated hind tarsi in male, larger size and large squamae pre- clude its reference here. It agrees with E. braueri in the V vestigial and not differentiated, 5R well open and hind legs elongate.; in all of which it differs from Gymnopeza albipennis Zett, as well as in the much greater size and the limpid-clear hyaline wings of the male. LEUCOSTOMATINI Apostrophusia gen. nov. — Genotype, Apostrophus anthophilus Loew. — High Alps Runs out with Ancistropliora Mik. Head a third wider and somewhat longer than high, frontal profile nearly flat and only faintly sloped, clypeus flush and little longer than wide; epistoma full width and two-thirds length of clypeus, nasutely warped nearly into horizontal plane; facialia flattened to clypeal plane, V not differentiated and not long enough to meet, vibrissal axis longer than antennal and latter equal to head-height, haustellum three- fifths and rostrum half head-height, labella small, palpi filiform and as long as third antennal joint, antennae not separated at base and latter near upper level of eyes, first antennal joint erect and moderately long; arista bare, not as long as antennae, thickened bulblike less than halfway, the short base slender, rest suddenly thin; eyes bare and reaching oral margin level, male vertex-width over one-fourth and front widening to over a third head-width at base antennae, face half head-width on middle, FES stopping at base antennae, IVRS straight, male frontalia widened posteriorly and twice width of one parafrontal on middle, OCS proclinate and strongly divaricate, para- facialia bare and nearly a third clypeal width, cheeks a third eye-length, no GNO; postalar wall, tympanic ridge and pit, lateral postscutellar plates, squamopleura, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PS, 2 St; no PST, IPAL nor PTL; 3 HPL, 5R incomplete, Ml absent, R5 bristled at base and ter- minating over length of R6 before wingtip, R6 far outside middle of 3M and faintly outside R1 tip, M2 tip a third wing-width from hind margin, M3 straight and its length from M2 tip ; squamae very small, rounded behind, as wide as long, nearly circular excluding base, inner corner arcuate; male Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 455 abdomen subelliptic, slightly wider on basal half, a little narrower than thorax and nearly half again as long as latter, first and third segments equal length, second nearly two-thirds length of third, anal segment shorter than second, 1 MM and weak MR on first, thickly set MR on intermediate seg- ments, very weak MR on anal segment, latter very short and bent down- ward to simulate base of hypopygium, first hypopygial segment bent below tip of abdomen, sternites and ventral membrane widely exposed, male hypopygium large. — Male(?) holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.)(?). DEXIIDiE URODEXIINI Pseudominthodes gen. nov. — Genotype, P. scutellaris sp. nov. — South Africa Runs out with Medinodexia TT. Head only one-sixth wider than high and its profile subquadrangular, frontal profile flat and nearly as long as facial, clypeus well sunk and nearly two and one-half times as long as wide, epi- stoma short and in clypeal plane, vibrissal axis little under antennal and lat- ter nearly two-thirds head-height, proboscis short and palpi slender, antennae approximated at base and latter well above eye -middle, first antennal joint nearly flush and second short, arista micro-pubescent, eyes nearly bare and very oblique, vertex-width one-fifth head-width in male and one-fourth in female, front in both nearly uniform width, face nearly uniform wfidth in female but widening below in male, FRS stopping at base antennae, IVRS straight, 1 PFRO in female and none in male, parafacialia bare and a third clypeal width or so, cheeks one-fourth eye-length or so; postalar wall, tym- panic ridge and pit, lateral postscutellar plates, prosternum and propleura bare; 2 heavy black thoracic vittse, 3 PS, IPAL differentiated but short, 1 moderate PTL, strong costal spine, 5R narrowly open in wingtip, Rl and Cl bare, R5 bristled at base, R6 opposite Rl tip, M3 nearly midway, no stump at cubitulus ; squamae small-ovate, narrow, not as wide as long, rounded behind; tarsi somewhat elongate, female front tarsi normal; ab- domen short, ovoconic in male, narrow-ovate in female, 1 MM on first and second segments and MR on third and anal, 1 MD on intermediate seg- ments and DR on anal, MR and DR on first hypopygial segment, sternites narrowly exposed ; male hypopygium large, anal forceps slender, fifth sternite with large lobes. Pseudominthodes scutellaris sp. nov. — 1 male and 1 female, Caffraria (Wahlberg) Length, 5% to 6 mm. Pale fulvous-yellow; head blackish, silvery-white pollinose, frontalia and first antennal joint brownish, second joint and palpi fulvous, third joint blackish, cheeks showing yellowish through pollen; mesoscutum and scutellum brownish-flulvous, thinly silvery, two wide vittse of ground-color, abdomen with broad blackish median vitta, bases of last three segments thinly silvery in male, anal segment blackish; base of male 456 Journal New York Entomological Society fVol. XL hypopygium, anal forceps and lobes of fifth sternite brownish; legs yel- lowish, tarsi blackish, wings nearly clear, squamae watery-whitish. — Male holotype, female allotype, Stockholm. Megistodexia gen. nov. — Genotype, M. diaristata sp. nov. — West Africa Runs out with Zoster omyia BB. Head somewhat wider than high, frontal profile gently arcuate and two-thirds again as long as facial, clypeus con- siderably sunk, epistoma short and gently warped, facialia bare, vibrissal a little shorter than antennal axis and latter three-fifths head-height, pro- boscis short and palpi stout-cylindric, base antennae below eye-middle ; second antennal joint short, swollen and bearing 1 long curved bristle the length of arista; latter thickened only on base and short-plumose to tip, eyes bare and reaching rather below Y level, male vertex as wide as ocellar triangle and front widening to one-sixth head-width at base antennae, face on middle nearly a third head-width, 2 close-set FRS below base antennae, no OVRS nor FRO in male, OCS proclinate and parallel, parafacialia nar- row and bare, cheeks one-eighth eye-length, prosternum and propleura bare, 3 PS and ST, 1 strong PRA, no PA, 1 PRSA, IPAL scarcely developed, 1 moderate PTL, male wings long and nearly uniform width, 5R open over length of R6 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, R6 nearly oppo- site R1 tip; squamae narrow and elongate, arcuately rounded behind; legs and tarsi elongate; male abdomen not caudiate, nearly twice as long as thorax, laterally compressed, in profile well narrowed on base and widening to third segment which is uniform width while anal segment narrows to tip, ventral profile nearly straight and dorsal convex, 1 MM on first two seg- ments and 2 MM on third, MR on anal and 1 MD on last three segments; sternites covered except tip of fourth, fifth cleft. Megistodexia diaristata sp. nov. — 1 male, tilleburg, Benito District, Span- ish Guinea, West Africa (Tessmann) Length, 12 mm. Blackish; head thinly silvery, frontalia dark brown, second antennal joint yellowish-brown, palpi brownish-yellow; thorax very thinly silvery, abdomen more distinctly silvery-white on narrow bases of intermediate segments, pleura and coxse silvery, basal-half more or less of femora yellowish, rest of legs blackish; wings smoky -blackish, yellowish from costal spine to third basal cell, yellowish-hyaline in 3M and the elon- gation of first basal cell as well as on inner border; squamae pale watery. — Male holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.). Zosteromyiopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, MyoMa cingulata Mcq. — East Aus- tralia Runs out with Eophyllophila TT. Head a little wider than high, frontal profile strongly sloped and one-fourth longer than facial, clypeus nearly flush, epistoma rather short and in clypeal plane, facialia bare, vibrissal axis three-foUrths of antennal and latter three-fourths of head-height, pro- Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 457 boscis short, palpi elongate and cylindric, arista very short-plumose to tip; eyes nearly bare, very oblique and reaching nearly to V level; male vertex- width one-fifth head-width and front widening a little anteriorly, face below a third head-width, 1 to 2 FRS below base antennae, IYRS pilelike in male and not decussate, 2 to 3 weak long hairlike proclinate OCS, para- facialia narrow and bare, cheeks one-sixth eye-length; postalar wall, tym- panic ridge, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PRA, PA, PS and PI; 2 ST, 1 moderate PTL, 2 LS and no APS, strong costal spine, 5R narrowly open, R6-length before wingtip, squamae rounded and a little wddened behind, male tarsi somewhat elongate and claws long, male abdomen not caudate, 1 MM on first segment and MR on last three, 1 MD on second and DR on last two segments, sternites covered. — Male holotype, Paris. Tachinodexia gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina flavipennis Wied. — East In- dies Runs out with Eucalodexia TT. Frontal profile arcuate and one-fourth longer than facial, clypeus depressed, epistoma short and distinctly warped, facialia bare, haustellum short and labella large, palpi slender and as long as third antennal joint, vibrissal axis a little shorter than antennal and latter three-fourths head-height, second antennal joint short, arista short- plumose to tip, eyes bare and nearly reaching Y level, male vertex-width one-ninth head-width and front nearly a third head-width at base antennae, FRS 1 below latter, IYRS decussate at tips, OCS proclinate micro-hairs, parafacialia narrow and bare, cheeks nearly one-fourth eye-length, pro- sternum and propleura bare, 3 PS, 2 ST, 1 strong PRA, 1 PRSA, IPAL weak, no PTL, costal spine short, 5R narrowly open twice R6 before wing- tip, R5 bristled a third way to R6, strong stump at cubitulus, squamae nearly uniform width and rounded behind, legs long and tarsi all longer than tibiae; male front tarsi laterally compressed, much widened dorso- ventrally, thickly setose and half again as long as front tibiae; male ab- domen elongate, not caudate, constricted on front half and laterally com- pressed on hind half, 1 MM on first segment, MR and 1 MD on last three segments, sternites covered. — Male holotype (arista lacking), Copenhagen. (A second male in Copenhagen bears label “ex Ind: or: Dexia flavipennis Wd. ” but is the species described by Wiedemann as Tachina flavipennis. The male holotype of Dexia flavipennis Wied. is in Frankfurt-am-Main and came from Brazil.) Zosteromyia braueri nom. nov. for Myobia cingulata BB (nec. Mcq.) — 1 male, Tasmania and 1 female, Cape York, Queensland Length of male, 6 mm; female, 5 mm. Differs from Macquart’s species as follows: Frontal profile arcuate and two-thirds longer than facial, vibrissal axis nearly as long as antennal and latter two-thirds head-height, eyes thinly short-hairy and reaching below Y level, male vertex-width one- seventh head-width and front widened strongly anteriorly, cheeks one-tenth 458 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL eye-length, fourth tarsal joint greatly shortened and its sole elongated dis- tally, front metatarsi exceeding following joints and others equalling them, first two segments with 2 MM in male and 1 MM in female, intermediate segments with 2 MD in male and 1 MD in female, MR on third segment, MR and 1 MD in male on anal segment but no macrochaetae in female. — Male holotype, female allotype, Vienna. SOPHIINI Tipulidomima gen. nov. — Genotype, T. tessmanni sp. nov. — West Africa Runs out with Eucordyligaster TT. Head not as wide as high, thoracic profile heavy and hump-like, abdominal profile slender-bottleshaped and widest on posterior half, frontal profile arcuate and nearly twice length of facial, clypeus gently sunk, epistoma slightly elongate and well warped, facialia bare, V strong and decussate, vibrissal axis as long as antennal and latter little over half head-length, haustellum short and stout, labella very large, palpi filiform and very short, antennas approximated at base and latter below eye-middle, second antennal joint moderately short, male third joint nearly twice second, arista thickened only on base and scatteringly short- pubescent to tip, eyes bare and reaching below oral margin level, male vertex as wide as ocellar triangle and front widening to one-seventh head- width at base antennae, face on middle little over one-fourth head-width, FRS decussate and stopping at base antennae, IVRS decussate, no OCS, parafacialia narrow and bare, cheeks one-tenth eye-length, prosternum bristled, propleural bare, lateral postscutellar plates setose, 3 PS but wide space between front one and that next behind, 1 ST, 1 PRSA, no A nor IPAL, 1 short PTL, HPL a row of 9 to 12 long hairs and a second row of some short hairs, male wings very long and narrow, 5R open R6 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bare above but bristled at base below; squamae elon- gate, half again as long as wide, somewhat widened on middle, arched over halteres, narrowed and arcuate behind; legs and tarsi elongate and very slender, filiform, hind femora 10 % mm long and hind tibiae 11 mm, male claws extremely elongate ; male abdomen nearly twice as long as thorax, strongly long-petiolate on base, laterally compressed, first segment constricted and cylindric, second gradually enlarging posteriorly, third uni- form thickness, anal segment decreasing toward tip, 3 MM on first, 2 MM on second, 1 MM on third and anal, 1 separated MD on second but all other segments lacking MD, sternites covered; male hypopygium of mod- erate size and with anal exposure, anal forceps short, slender and divaricate with blunt tips. Tipulidomima tessmanni sp. nov. — 1 male, tilleburg, Benito District, Span- ish Guinea (Tessmann) Length, 11 mm. Head thinly silvery-whitish, antennae light yellow, arista dark, thorax brownish to blackish and very thinly silvery, abdomen yellow on first two segments, the last two and hypopygium blackish; legs blackish, Dec., 1932] Townsenp: Diptera 459 front and middle femora yellowish, hind femora brownish-yellow, wings pale yellowish, stigma and terminal part of costa faintly blackish, squamae glassy yellowish-smoky. — Male holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.). DOLESCHALLINI Doleschallopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, Doleschalla malcilingensis TT. — Luzon Island. Runs out with Doleschalla Walk. Head not as wide as high; frontal profile flat, strongly sloped^ more than a third longer than facial and well projected anteriorly; facial profile concave and receding, oral as long as frontal and rounded upward anteriorly and posteriorly; clypeus flush, uni- form width and twice as long as wide; epistoma full width, a third as long as wide and strongly warped ; Y differentiated but not, meeting, vibrissal axis nearly five-sixths length of antennal and latter over three-fourths head- height, liaustellum nearly two-fifths head-height and labella large, palpi rather stout and subcylindric, base antennae well above eye-middle, first joint flush but projecting forward from lunula, second short, arista short and very long-plumose to tip, eyes bare and very strongly oblique, male vertex- width little over one-seventh head-width and front widening to a third same at base antennae, face on middle nearly three-fourths head-width, FRS closely hugging frontalia and stopping even with same anteriorly, IYRS not decussate, parafacialia bare and three-fourths clypeal width on middle, cheeks two-fifths eye-length, prosternum and propleura bare, 3 PS, 2 ST, no PRA nor IPAL, very long PTL, male wings long and narrow, no costal spine, 5R well open nearly in wingtip, strong stump at cubitulus in line with M2, squamae well rounded behind and not large, legs very long and subfiliform, tarsi very elongate, male front metatarsi as long as front tibiae; male abdomen cylindric and over twice as long as thorax, faintly widened on tip as seen from above and thinner on base in profile, 1 strong MM on first three segments, MR and 1 MD on anal segment, sternites cov- ered.— Male holotype, Lima. Macrosophia gen. nov. — Genotype, M. papua sp. nov. — New Guinea Runs out with Doleschallopsis TT. Body narrow and quite uniform width from head to base of anal segment, frontal profile well over facial in length, clypeus somewhat depressed, epistoma short and little warped but narrowed to little over a third width of clypeus, facialia bare and bowed, Y apparently not well differentiated (scars), liaustellum short and stout, labella large, palpi stout-clavate and bowed, second antennal joint moderately short and with 1 long thin bristle, arista long-plumose to tip, eyes bare and reaching short of Y level, female vertex-width two-sevenths head-width and front widening to over a third same at base antennae, FRS stopping at latter and hugging frontalia, no FRO in female, no OCS, ocellar triangle with very narrow polished prolongation reaching nearly halfway to lunula, ocelli closely approximated, parafacialia bare and narrowed below, cheeks perhaps 460 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL half eye-length (head imperfectly developed), prosternum and propleura bare, 2 PS, 1 ST, 1 PESA, 1 PSA; no PEA, PEI, PH nor IPAL; 1 mod- erately strong PTL, HPL a patch of long pale to black hairs, 5E rather narrowly open E6 before wingtip, El and E5 bare, short stump at cubitu- lus; squamae well widened behind, nearly as wide as long, widely and arcu- ately rounded on outer-posterior border; legs very long and very slender throughout, front coxae elongate but not front femora nor front tibiae, other femora and tibiae elongate, tarsi all very elongate and all metatarsi nearly as long as following joints together; female abdomen two and one-half times length of thorax, 6 visible segments from above not including tip of second hypopygial segment, basal segment nearly half length of first seg- ment, intermediate and anal segments equal length and nearly as long as first, first hypopygial segment nearly a third length of anal on median line, anal segment narrowing posteriorly to two-thirds basal width at tip, first hypopygial narrowing rapidly to a rounded point, 1 MM on first to third segments, strong ME and 1 MD on anal, ME of short weak hairs on first hypopygial segment, sternites practically covered ; female liypopygium small, like Cordyligaster, terminating in a pair of hairy papillae whose bases are overlapped by the rounded tip of theca. Macrosophia papua sp. nov. — 1 female, April Eiver Mouth, New Guinea (Burgers) Length, 16 mm. Parafrontalia pale golden, parafacialia dusky with silvery-white crossband at base antennae; frontalia, third antennal joint and palpi blackish, second antennal joint rufous, cheeks with blackish band from lower border of eye, thorax and scutellum blackish, a wide vertical silvery fascia on mesopleura and sternopleura, sides and hind margin of mesoscu- tum widely pale golden pollinose, median vitta of same pollen on prescutum, infrascutellum with same pollen; abdomen blackish, first to third segments polished rufotestaceous with faint dusky median vitta and deep black nar- row hind margins, basal segment and front border of first segment black, anal segment and hypopygial tergites polished brown, legs brown, tarsi black, wings and squamae nearly clear. — Female liolotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.). ZELIINI Philotrichostylum gen. nov. — Genotype, Trichostylum fasciatum TT.- — Mindanao Island Buns out with Ophirodexia TT. Head a little wider than high, frontal profile arcuately bulged and over twice length of facial, latter concave, oral profile little longer than facial and nearly straight, clypeus scarcely de- pressed and nearly twice as long as wide, no facial carina, epistoma short and well warped, facialia bare, Y decussate, vibrissal axis equal to antennal and latter two-thirds head-height, proboscis little over half head-height and palpi slender-clavate, antennae well separated at base and latter far below eye-middle, first joint flush with frontalia but projected above lunula, sec- Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 461 ond short, arista thinly long-plumose three-fourths way or so, eyes bare and strongly oblique, male vertex-width little over one-fifth head-width and front widening rapidly forward, face on middle three-fifths head-width, close-set FES hugging frontalia and stopping at base antennae, IVES straight, no OYES nor FEO in male, strong proclinate OCS, parafacialia bare and as wide as clypeus, cheeks half eye-length, no GNO, prosternum bare, propleura thickly bristled, several long bristles on middle of postalar wall below upper edge, 4 PS, 2 ST, no IPAL, 1 strong PTL as long as ST, male wings broad and narrowing to tip, 5E open considerably before wingtip, stump at cubitu- lus in line with M2, squamae wide and inner corner angular, legs moderately elongate, hind tibiae thickly short-ciliate and without longer bristle, male claws short, abdomen ovate, no MM on first two segments and ME on last two, sternites covered. — Male holotype, Lima. CALIEEHOID.ZE DEXILLINI Prodexilla gen. nov. — Genotype, P. petiolata sp. nov. — South Africa Euns out with Trichoprosopus Mcq. Head nearly as wide as high, frontal profile flat and three-fourths length of facial, faciooral profile arcuate, clypeus sunk cuplike and nearly twice as long as wide, no facial carina ; epistoma longer than clypeus, not half as wide as same and receding down- ward; facialia bare, parallel, fused with clypeus and fully half as wide as latter; Y long, decussate but little longer than bristles next them, set at middle of facial profile; vibrissal axis nearly as long as antennal and latter three-fifths head-height, haustellum little over one-fourth head-height and labella large, palpi slender and scarcely thickened at tip, antennae approxi- mated at base and latter above eye-middle, first joint erect and very short, second short, eyes bare and reaching Y level, female vertex over a third head-width and front nearly half same at base antennae, face on middle three-fifths head-width, FES 1 below base antennae, IYES straight, 2 PFEO and no EFEO in female, OCS proclinate and weak, parafacialia setose above cheek-grooves and half again as wide as clypeus, cheeks four-fifths eye- length and cheek-grooves occupying nearly whole cheek area, no GNO, pro- sternum and propleura bare, few hairs at upper edge of postalar wall, 4 PS, 2 ST, IPAL differentiated, 1 moderate PTL; 5E long-petiolate half M3 before wingtip, stalk half M3 and nearly in line with E5 ; El bare, E5 bristled nearly halfway to E6, stump at cubitulus two-thirds length of M3, Ml faintly and M3 heavily sinuate, latter much nearer to cubitulus which is nearly half wingwidth from hind margin; squamae rather large, well widened behind and a little longer than wide; tarsi elongate, female abdo- men ovate and subpointed at tip, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, ME on third with MM set forward, ME and DE on anal segment, sternites covered. 462 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. XL Prodexilla petiolata sp. nov. — 1 female* Cape of Good Hope (Wahlberg) Length, 7 mm. Blackish, thinly silvery; parafrontalia slightly golden, rest of head pollen silvery, frontalia brown, second antennal joint fulvous- yellow, palpi yellow; thorax silvery, 4 blackish vittae, inner pair narrow and outer pair considerably wider, abdomen blackish and thinly silvery, first segment and hind half of others varying to brownish, legs brownish, tibiae paler, wings nearly clear, squamae whitish. — Female holotype, Stockholm. CALIRRHOINI Africodexia gen. nov. — Genotype, Dexia lugens Wied. — Cape Good Hope Runs out with Platyrrhinodexia TT. Head scarcely wider than high, frontal profile arcuate and half again as long as facial, clypeus slightly depressed on sides; facial carina high, wide, longitudinally furrowed on crest and wider than facialia; epistoma a third length of clypeus, nearly full width of latter and nearly in vertical plane; facialia bristled less than halfway, Y differentiated and tips decussate, vibrissa! area thickly bristled and bristles two-thirds length of V, vibrissal axis equal to antennal and latter five-sixths head-height, palpi filiform and longer than antennae, latter Avell separated at base and set on lower third of eye, second joint short and male third joint over twice second, arista moderately long -plumose on base and plumosity shortening evenly to tip, eyes bare and reaching far short of V level, male vertex-width one-eighth head-width and front over a third same at base antennae, FRS stopping at latter and hugging frontalia, IYRS decussate at tips, no OVRS nor FRO in male, OCS proclinate and parallel, parafacialia wider than clypeus and faintly microsetose, cheeks two-thirds eye-length and cheek-grooves very large, prosternum bare, propleura short- pilose, 3 PS, 3 to 4 ST, no IPAL, PTL moderate size, male wings narrow, 5R closed over R6 before wingtip; squamae large, long and well widened behind; legs long in male, middle and hind femora and tibiae and all tarsi elongate, male claws long, male abdomen ovoconic and truncate, 1 weak MM on first segment, 1 strong MM on second, MR on third and 1 MD on inter- mediate segments, anal segment sparsely covered, macrochaetae erect and not spinelike, sternites covered and fifth well cleft in male. — Male holotype, male paratype, Copenhagen (Westermann Coll.). Macropodexia gen nov. — Genotype, Dexia longipes Mcq. — Tasmania Runs out with Rhynchiodexia Big. Whole body whitish-pilose including thorax and scutellum, pile longer on sides and below; frontal profile gently arcuate and a third longer than facial, clypeus scarcely depressed on sides and antennal pits nearly flush; facial carina heavy, wide, longitudinally furrowed on crest, over twice as wide as facialia; epistoma full width, half as long as wide and nearly in vertical plane ; V strong and decussate, vibris- sal axis equal to antennal and latter three-fourths head-height, haustellum stout and scarcely three-fourths head-height, labella large, palpi slender and little over half length of third antennal joint, antennae well separated at Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 463 base and latter on lowest fourth of eye, arista long-plumose on base and plumosity decreasing evenly to tip, eyes bare and reaching far short of V level, vertex-width one-eighth head-width in male and one-fourth same in female, FRS stopping at base antennae and hugging frontalia, IVES not decussate, 2 PFRO in female and none in male, OCS proclinate and strong, parafacialia bare and as wide as clypeus, cheeks half eye-length in male and two-thirds same in female, prosternum bare, propleura short-pilose, 3 PS, 2 ST, 1 strong PRA, IPAL differentiated, PTL only pile with at times a black bristle, HPL only a thick row of yellow pile, male wings long and narrow, 5R open over R6 before wingtip ; squamae large, widened and squared behind, as wide as long and inner corner subangular ; front coxae shaggy-pilose, front legs short and hind legs extremely long, hind femora 8 mm., hind tibiae 8 mm., hind tarsi 9i mm., middle legs greatly elongate, mid- dle and hind tarsi very long and slender with the metatarsi as long as fol- lowing joints together, hind tibiae curved and somewhat thickened on distal half, male claws not longer than last tarsal joint; male abdomen ovoconic, that of female ovate and wider, macrochaetae not spinelike, 1 MM on first two segments and MR on last two, 1 MD on intermediate segments in male but none in female, sternites partially exposed. — Male holotype, Copenhagen (Westennann Coll. — labelled “ Dexia longipes Macq., Diemens Land: Bigot ”). LARViEVORIDiE MICROTROPESINI Amphitropesa gen. nov. — Genotype, A. elegans sp. nov. — Australia Runs out with Zita Curr. Frontal profile strongly arcuate and nearly twice facial in length, latter deeply concave, clypeus moderately depressed and no facial carina; epistoma wide and nearly full width of clypeus, two- thirds as long as latter and strongly warped; vibrissa! axis little over an- tennal and latter nearly three-fourths head-height, haustellum three-fifths head-height and labella large; palpi stout and longer than antennae, much swollen at tip in female and finely hairy; antennae gently separated at base, second joint short and third over three times second, arista as long as an- tennae and long-pubescent to tip, eyes bare and reaching well short of V level, female vertex-width nearly a third head-width and front half same at base antennae ; FRS stopping at latter and hugging frontalia, 11 in all and mostly yellow; IYRS short and decussate, 1 PFRO in female and 1 small proclinate bristle behind it occupying place of RFRO, OCS strong and proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia bare and nearly as wide as clypeus, cheeks three-fifths eye-length, prosternum and propleura bare, 4 PS and hind one yellow, 3 yellow ST, no PRA nor IPAL, 2 PA and hind one yellow, 3 PI and hind one yellow, 4 PSA and hind 2 yellow, 3 yellow PAL, 5R open over R6 before wingtip, R5 with 2 yellow bristles at base, short stump at cubitu- lus, squamae not very large and nearly as wide as long, abdomen stout-ovate, no MM on first and anal segments, 1 weak MM on intermediate segments and interrupted weak MR on third, sternites narrowly exposed. 464 journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Amphitropesa elegans sp. nov. — 1 female, New South Wales Length, lOf mm. Head deep rufous-yellow including frontalia, antennae and palpi; parafacialia golden pollinose, the color extending on parafron- talia in oblique view; pleura yellow, thinly silvery pollinose, mesoscutum dull silvery, two black spots before and four behind transverse suture, scu- tellum yellow, first abdominal segment black above, second black with front corners silvery, third silvery with three black spots, anal segment wholly silvery; venter silvery but widely black on median line, legs yellow, wings yellow on oblique costobasal half and the rest smoky, squamae yellow. — Female holotype, London (Brit. Mus.). NEMOILEINI Prohypotachina gen. nov. — Genotype, P. rutilioides sp. nov. — Indo-China Runs out with Nemoraea RD and Trophomyia Aid. Head very small and narrow, as wide as high; frontal profile strongly sloped and half again as long as facial, clypeus well sunk on each side and over twice as long as wide, strong facial carina present ; epistoma short, full width of clypeus and in plane of crest of facial carina; facialia over half as wide as clypeus, obliquely flattened and their plane bowed, ciliate nearly halfway with not over 6 strong bristles; vibrissal axis three-fourths length of antennal and latter two-thirds head-height, haustellum stout and nearly as long as an- tennae, labella huge and nearly as long as haustellum; palpi as long as antennae and heavy, flattened and bristled, wide from base to the suddenly pointed tip and somewhat bowed upward distally ; antennae approximated at base and latter well below eye-middle, second joint elongate and third two and one-half times second; arista over half again as long as antennae, very thin and very short-plumose halfway; eyes thickly pilose and reaching far short of Y level, male vertex-width one-eighth head-width and front a third same at base antennae, 2 to 3 FRS below latter and 14 in all, IYRS decussate at tips, no PFRO in male and no OCS, parafacialia bare and as wide as facialia inverted, cheeks nearly half eye-length, 4 strong GNO, pro- sternum and propleura bare, lateral postscutellar plates with a few bristlets ; 3 PS, ST, PRA, PA, PRS and PI; IPAL scarcely differentiated, PTL prob- ably strong; male wings long, narrow and narrowing to rounded point at tip ; 5R open twice R6 before wingtip, short strong stump at cubitulus ; squamae bare, large, heavily widened and square behind, rather wider than long; hind and middle femora somewhat elongate, hind tibiae short-ciliate and with 4 longer bristles, tarsi somewhat elongate and male claws extremely long; male abdomen broad and flattened, nearly as wide as long, no MM on first segment, 4 strong MM on second and file of 4 strong MD, MR and file of 3 MD on third with 2 more MD outside file, anal segment irregularly bristled, first hypopygial segment with bunch of 8 bristles each side, ster- nites exposed in triangles and bristled ; male hypopygium large and set ven- trally at tip of anal segment, anal forceps azygos, triangular and sharp- pointed with tip bent suddenly hooklike, lobes of genitosternite triangular, tenth sternite narrow and curved. Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 465 Prohypotachina rutilioides sp. nov. — 1 male, Manson Mts., Tonking, Indo- China, 2000 to 3000 ft. (Fruhstorfer) Length, 17 mm. Head dull brassy pollinose, parafrontalia more silvery, antennae and f rontalia blackish, palpi and labella fulvous ; thorax black, pale gold pollinose, four heavy black vittae, scutellum testaceous with black base and gold pollinose; abdomen rufofulvous, blackish on base and with black- ish median vitta which spreads on hind borders of the segments, legs black, pulvilli yellowish, wings broadly yellow on basal half of costa and smoky on the veins of remaining parts, squamae whitish but somewhat tinged with smoky-yellowish. — Male holotype, Vienna. LABV^VORINI Xantholarvaevora gen. nov. — Genotype, X. formosa sp. nov. — Africa (?) Runs out with Larvaevoropsis TT. Haustellum two-thirds head-height, palpi stout and little thickened at tip in female, third antennal joint little over three-fourths length of second in female, first aristal joint short and second nearly two-fifths length of third, eyes bare, female vertex-width two- fifths head-width, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS not decussate, 2 PFRO in female, frontalia of female widened posteriorly and well over width of one parafrontal on middle, OCS strong and proclinate, parafacialia setose and nearly as wide as clypeus above, cheeks half eye-length, 4 PS, 3 ST and PI, 3 strong LS and HLS decussate, no APS, 5R open M3 before wing- tip, R5 bristled at base, M3 over a third its length from cubitulus, last sec- tion of Cl nearly half length of preceding section; abdomen ovoglobular in female, largely yellow; anal segment elongate and narrowed behind, emargi- nate on front border; no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, interrupted MR on third, weak MR and DR of spines on anal segment. Xantholarvaevora formosa sp. nov. — 2 females, 1 1 Chr 71” which I take to mean Khartum (Loew Coll.) These specimens are labelled “Echinomyia formosa Lw.” and “Coll. H. Loew: Type: Chr 71” The name does not appear to have been published and is introduced here as new. The species is about the size and color of Fabriciella ferox except that the abdomen is yellow with three large black spots on median line. — Female holotype, female paratype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.). DEJEANIINI Melanojeania gen. nov. — Genotype, Dejeania pertristis Vill. — Central Africa Runs out with Dejeania RD. This form differs from Dejeania mainly in the third antennal joint being fully as long as second, the parafacialia be- low little wider than facialia, and the general coloration deep black. It represents a distinct group from Dejeania, which latter has the third anten- nal joint much shorter than second, the parafacialia below fully twice as 466 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL wide as facialia and the coloration pallid. — Male holotype, female allotype, London (Brit. Mus.). CUPHOCEEATINI Everestiomyia gen. nov. — Genotype, E. antennalis sp. nov. — High Himalayas Buns out with Punamyia TT. Facial profile flat, faintly sloped and little longer than facial; clypeus flush and wide; epistoma full width, two-thirds length of clypeus, enormously produced in horizontal plane and nasute; Y long but only a little longer than bristles below, vibrissal axis to tip of epistoma equal to head-height and much over antennal, latter four-fifths of head-height, haustellum as long as head-height and labella small, palpi slender-cylindric and as long as antennae, second antennal joint short; third joint in male extremely widened to truncate tip, triangular, as wide on tip as length of lower side, latter three times length of second joint; arista as long as antennae, bare, thickened nearly to tip, both basal joints very long and nearly equal, the two together nearly as long as third; eyes densely long-pilose, male vertex-width a third head-width, 4 FES below base an- tennae, no PFBO in male, OCS exactly divaricate and only faintly procli- nate, parafacialia black-pilose on outer two-thirds, prosternum and pro- pleura bare, 1 long PEA, no PA, 3 PS and ST, 5E open half M3 before wingtip, El bare, E5 bristled at base, stump at cubitulus, squamae widened and rounded behind but not large, male claws elongate, no MM on first seg- ment, 1 MM on second and ME on last two, 1 MD on intermediate segments, irregular DE and many bristles on anal, all macrochaetae slender and whole body rather long black-pilose, sternites exposed and male hypopygium large. Everestiomyia antennalis sp. nov.— 1 male, Bongbuk Glacier, Mt. Everest, 16500 ft. (Longstaff) Length, 10^ mm. Black; antennae deep black with brownish bloom, palpi black, parafrontalia and parafacialia thinly silvery pollinose, thorax very thinly silvery to tawny and largely shining, four equal narrow black vittae, scutellum testaceous on tip and rest shining black, abdomen shining black, wings clear, squamae white. — Male holotype, London (Brit. Mus.). Innshanotroxis gen. nov. — Genotype, I. engeli sp. nov. — Mongolia Buns out with Epidolichostoma TT. Head only a little wider than high and its profile subquadrangular, frontal profile in horizontal plane and three-fourths the length of facial; clypeus flush on median line but gently depressed on sides, narrowing above and below, scarcely half again as long as wide; epistoma well narrowed from clypeus, two-thirds width of latter, scarcely one-fourth as long as wide and warped at an angle of 45 degrees; V strong and decussate, twice length of bristl°s below; vibrissal axis equal to antennal and latter three-fifths head-height; haustellum stout and two- fifths head-height, corneous; labella moderately large; palpi stout-cylindric. longer than third antennal joint, bowed and bristled; antennae approximated at base and latter on upper level of eyes, first joint erect and elongate, sec- Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 467 ond very long ; third in male little longer than second, strongly widened to truncate tip, the width of tip half length of joint; arista thickened three- fourths way to sharp porrect tip, bare, basal joints both elongate; eyes bare and reaching far short of V level, male vertex-width two-fifths head-width and front nearly three-fifths same at base antennae, face in middle two- thirds head-width; FRS doubled anteriorly in male, 3 to 5 below, 1 to 2 opposite and 6 behind base antennae ; IVRS straight, 2 strong PFRO in male, OCS as strong as PFRO and proclinate-divaricate, 8 strong close-set FCO in irregular row, parafacialia setose besides and nearly half as wide as clypeus, cheeks as wide as eye-length, cheek-grooves large and subtrian- gular, no GNO but only long bristly hairs of occipital area, prosternum and propleura bare, 4 PS and PRS, 2 strong PA and 4 PRA, 3 ST and PI, 2 PRSA and the front one far inside, no PH nor IPAL, long strong PTL, scutellum with thin suberect spines on disk, 6 long equal LS marginal and submarginal, shorter but long gently divaricate APS, male wings scarcely reaching tip of abdomen, costal spine very small, 5R open two-thirds M3 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, cubitulus two-fifths wingwidth from hind margin and without stump or wrinkle; squamae nearly as wide as long, arcuate on outer-posterior border, long-pilose on outer margin and narrowly on upper surface, mid tibiae with many long spines and hind tibiae with less number, tarsi moderately long and somewhat slender, male claws nearly as long as last tarsal joint; male abdomen almost twice as long as wide, subsquared-elliptic from above but rounded at base and tip, no MM on first segment, lateral three-eighths of second segment bare of spines but median fourth of same and all of dorsum of last two segments and liypo- pygium covered with short slender erect spines of even length, body not pilose, sternites triangularly exposed and bristled. Innshanotroxis engeli sp. nov. — 1 male, Inn Shan, Mongolia (Engel) Length, 18 mm.; width of head, little over 4 mm.; thorax, 6 mm.; abdo- men, mm. by 10 mm. long. Wholly black, not pollinose; head and sec- ond antennal joint brownish, third joint black, palpi pale brownish-fulvous, tibiae and tarsi pale brownish-yellow, wings faintly smoky but very broad costobasal area deep fulvous-yellow especially on veins, squamae same deep yellow. — Male holotype, Munich (Bav. States Mus.). LINNiEMYINI Hecatoepalpus gen. nov. — Genotype, Micropalpus proliecate Spsr. — Lake Nyassa Runs out with Linnaemya RD and Bonnetia RD. Differs from latter as follows: Haustellum three-fourths head-height and palpi nipplelike, second antennal joint elongate in male and third twice length of second, male vertex-width one-fourth head-width, no PFRO in male, parafacialia little over half clypeal width and bare on more than lower half, cheeks nearly half eye-length, 2 strong PRSA in line, 4 LS, 5R open little over half M3 468 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL before wingtip, R5 bristled at base, cubitulus with stump a third length of M3, latter twice length of R6 from cubitulus, which last is less than two- fifths wiugwidth from hind margin. — Male holotype, Stockholm. Anaeudora gen. nov. — Genotype, A. aureocephala sp. nov. — Formosa Runs out with Bonellimyia TT. Head considerably wider than high, frontal profile somewhat arcuate and little longer than facial, clypeus flush, epistoma one-fifth as long as wide and gently warped, facialia flattened to clypeal plane and fused, Y strong, vibrissal axis a little shorter than anten- nal, haustellum nearly two -fifths head-height, palpi nearly as long as an- tennae and swollen knoblike at tip, first antennal joint erect and short, third in female shorter than the very elongate second joint, second aristal joint long and first very short, female vertex-width a third head-width and front widening to half same anteriorly, 2 FRS below base antennae, I VRS straight, 2 strong PFRO in female, strong proclinate and nearly parallel OCS, para- facialia two-thirds as wide as clypeus and yellow-pilose, cheeks three-fifths eye-length, 4 strong GNO, prosternum and lateral postscutellar plates bare, propleura with long fine pile, 3 PS and ST, IPAL a strong bristle, strong curved PTL longer than ST, 3 LS and strong decussate APS, 5R open far before wingtip, R5 bristled nearly one-fourth way to R6, cubitulus with strong stump longer than R6 and nearly in line of M2, R6 little outside tip of S2, last section of Cl short, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second, MR of 10 on third, MR and DR on anal segment with weak bristles on very hind edge, sternites widely triangularly exposed. Anaeudora aureocephala sp. nov. — 3 females, Sokutsu and Taihorinsho, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 13 to 14 mm. Head golden including occiput, frontalia testaceo- fulvous to brownish, antennae and palpi fulvous, arista and tip of third an- tennal joint blackish, humeri and pleura thinly silvery, mesoscutum and scutellum shining bluish-black with trace of silvery pollen, four faint black vittae, abdomen black, intermediate segments thinly silvery on basal half, anal segment wholly rufofulvous with faintly silvery base, legs black, wings yellow from base to stigma, black from stigma to tip of R5 and along veins, squamae whitish. — Female holotype, Berlin-Dahlem ; female paratype, Lima. GERMARIINI Athryciopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina ruficornis Zett. — Sweden Runs out with Klugia RD. Frontal profile flat, sloped and nearly as long as facial; clypeus slightly depressed; epistoma short, full width and in cly- peal plane; vibrissal axis nearly three-fourths length of antennal and latter three-fifths head-height, palpi clavate, third antennal joint twice second in female and longer in male; arista bare, as long as third antennal joint, thickened nearly to tip, basal joints short; eyes bare and reaching short of V level, vertex-width two-fifths head-width in female and nearly that in Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 469 male, 2 FES below base antennae, IYES straight, 2 to 3 PFEO in both sexes, OCS proclinate-divaricate, 2 strong infraclinate FCO and parafacialia sparsely setose on upper half or so, cheeks a third eye-length, 1 to 2 strong GNO, prosternum and propleura bare; 3 PS, ST, PA, PEA, PES, PI; 1 very long curved PTL, 5E narrowly open to closed the length of M3 before wingtip, El bare, E5 bristled half to two-thirds way to tip, E6 opposite El tip, very short stump at cubitulus and latter over half wingwidth from hind margin, M3 midway, last section of Cl half to two-thirds length of preced- ing; squamae widened and rounded behind, nearly as wide as long and pro- jecting on sides; hind tarsi normal, male claws nearly equal last tarsal joint, no MM on first segment, 1 MM and 2 MD on second, ME and 1 to 2 MD on third, ME and 2 MD on anal, sternites covered. — Male holotype, female allotype, Lund — ( Athrycia erythrocera ED, holotype lost, was a very dis- tinct form from this). SALMACIIDJE PHOEOCEEATINI Paraphryno gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina vetula Mg. — Germany Euns out with Ophirosturmia TT. Head profile cuneiform; frontal pro- file flat, considerably sloped and a little shorter than facial; clypeus sunk, epistoma distinctly elongate and little warped, facialia bare, Y well above lower border of head, vibrissal axis two-thirds antennal and latter little over three-fifths head-height, arista very long and thickened scarcely halfway, eyes thickly long-pilose, male vertex-width nearly a third head-width, no PFEO in male, parafacialia practically bare, cheeks nearly three-fifths eye- length, prosternum bristled, propleura and lateral postscutellar plates bare, 4 PS and 3 ST, IPAL well differentiated, PTL moderately strong and curved, 5E open, E5 bristled at base, last section of Cl very short, hind tibiae not ciliate, male claws extremely long, abdomen ovate, 1 strong MM on first two segments and 1 MD on intermediate segments, ME on last two segments and anal segment scatteringly covered with bristles, second to fourth sternites covered in male. — Male holotype ( ? ) . EXOEISTINI Lydellina villeneuvei nom. nov. for Ly della caffra Vill. (nec. Mcq.) — 1 male and 1 female, Cape Town and Durban Length, 13 mm. This is quite distinct from Lydella caffra Mcq. in the ciliate facialia. — Female holotype, male allotype, Cape* Town (So. Afr. Mus.). PHOEINIINI Wiedemanniomyia gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina metallica Wied. — East Indies Euns out with Stomatotachina TT. Head much wider than high and its profile subquadrangular ; frontal profile flat, sloped and nearly as long as facial ; clypeus well sunk ; epistoma full width of clypeus, somewhat elongate 470 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL and strongly warped subnasutely between Y ; facialia bare, vibrissal axis a little shorter than antennal and latter three-fifths head-height, haustellum nearly half head-height, palpi bowed and slightly thickened at tip in male, third antennal joint 4 times second and narrow; arista bare, thickened half- way and second joint elongate; eyes thickly pilose and reaching Y level, male vertex-width one-fourth head-width and front nearly a third same at base antennae, 4 separated FES below latter reaching halfway to Y level, IVES straight, no PFEO in male, OCS strong and proclinate, parafacialia bare and as wide as facialia inverted, cheeks one-fifth eye-length, proster- num pilose, propleura bare, 4 PS; 3 ST, PI, PEA and PA; IPAL strong, 5E very narrowly open nearly M3 before wingtip, El bare, E5 bristled at base, last section of Cl over a third preceding, cubitulus two-fifths wing- width from hind margin, squamae large and well widened behind, hind tibiae not ciliate, male claws long ; male abdomen ovate, third segment nearly twice as long as second and over three times as long as anal, its dorsum thickly clothed with very fine black hair; no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second and ME on last two segments, second to fourth sternites covered except ex- treme tips. — Male holotype, Copenhagen — ( Tachina nigriventris Wied, male holotype, Copenhagen, labelled ‘ ‘ Ind : or.,” is a synonym). ELODIINI Molliopsis gen. nov. — Genotype, Mollia malayana TT. — Sumatra Euns out with Oedemamedina TT. Head a little wider than high, frontal profile sloped and a little longer than facial, clypeus well depressed and less than twice as long as wide; epistoma short, wide and in clypeal plane; facialia ciliate over halfway, vibrissal axis two-thirds antennal and latter two-thirds head-height, haustellum short and labella large, palpi slender, third antennal joint three and one-half times second in male, arista micro- pubescent and thickened a third way, eyes bare and reaching Y level, male vertex-width one-seventh head-width and face half same below, 2 FES below base antennae, 2 PFEO and 4 EFEO in male, OCS proclinate, parafacialia bare and very narrow, cheeks one-sixth eye-length, no GNO, 3 PS, 2 ST, 3 PA, 2 PEA, 5E narrowly open to closed just before wingtip, El bare, E5 with 1 bristle at base, squamae well rounded behind, middle and especially hind femora elongate in male, claws of male as long as last tarsal joint and pubescent ; male abdomen long-ovoconic and over half again as long as thorax, 1 MM on ..first two segments, 1 MD and MA on second; ME, DE and anterior row on third and anal segments. — Male holotype, Amsterdam (N. Artis Mag.). CAECELIINI Sericophoromyiops gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina dasyops Wied. — Cape Good Hope Euns out with Serieophoromyia Aus. Long shaggy yellow pile on ptero- pleura and mesopleura, short pile on base of venter, mesoscutum and dor- Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 471 sum of abdomen lacking pile; head profile flattened-semicircular, frontal profile strongly arcuate and a third longer than facial, clypeus very shallow and nearly three times as long as wide ; epistoma full width, a third as long as wide and distinctly warped; facialia bare, male third antennal joint little over twice second and truncate at tip, arista longer than antennae and thin, eyes thickly pilose and reaching below oral margin level, male vertex-width nearly one-sixth head-width and front uniform width, face below nearly a third head-width, 4 FRS below base antennae, IVRS straight, parafacialia brownish-pilose on inner half, cheeks one-eighth eye-length, prosternum short-pilose, IPAL strong, third and fourth segments of male venter with pair of confluent spots of short thick hair, no MM on first two segments or rarely a very short pair on second, MR of 12 on third, anal segment thickly set with macrochaetae and bristles, second sternite narrowly exposed but third and fourth scarcely at all, fifth not showing lobes in male. Otherwise as in Sericophoromyia. — Male holotype, Copenhagen (Westermann Coll.) — (The genotype of Sericophoromyia is S. amplipilosa Curr. It has the whole body thickly pilose, facialia strongly ciliate, frontal profile flat and little longer than facial, cheeks nearly one-fourth eye-length, and MM on first two segments.) Thecocarcelia gen. nov. — Genotype, Argyrophylax pelmatoprocta BB. — Austria Runs out with Gymnocarcelia TT. Head nearly half again as wide as high; frontal profile nearly flat, strongly sloped and as long as facial; cly- peus considerably sunk, epistoma short and warped, facialia bare, vibrissal axis three-fifths length of antennal and latter little over half head-height, haustellum short and stout, labella large, palpi elongate and stout, third antennal joint of female four and one-half times the short second; arista long, thin and bare ; eyes bare and reaching V level, female vertex-width nearly a third head-width and front almost uniform width, 2 FRS below base antennae, 2 PFRO in female, OCS proclinate, parafacialia narrow and bare, cheeks little over one-tenth eye-length, no GNO, 4 PS and ST, 5R open well before wingtip, hind tibiae pectinate and 1 longer bristle in female, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, anal segment irregularly covered with bristles; female theca 2 mm. long and one-half mm. wide, flat- tened dorsoventrally, uniform width, consisting of two plates: upper plate flat, practically all in one plane, rounded on tip; lower plane gently curved both transversely and longitudinally, lateral edges curved upward, base and tip curved downward, semicircularly emarginate on tip and latter slightly projecting beyond upper plate, the two plates enclosing the ovipositor. — Female holotype, male allotype, Vienna. STURMIINI Chrysopygia gen. nov. — Genotype, C. auricaudata sp. nov. — Java Runs out with Podosturmia TT. Head-width well over head-height, frontal profile strongly sloped and little longer than facial, clypeus well 472 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL depressed and nearly three times as long as wide; epistoma full width, nearly a third as long as wide and gently warped ; f acialia not ciliate, vibris- sal axis three-fourths antennal and latter nearly two-thirds head-height, haustellum little over one-fourth head-height, labella very large, palpi stout and scarcely thickened at tip in male, third antennal joint little over three times second and narrow; arista half again as long as antennae, thin and micro-pubescent; eyes bare and nearly reaching Y level, male vertex-width one-fourth head-width and front a third same at base antennae, 2 FES below latter and 8 behind, 2 strong PFEO in male, no OCS, parafacialia over half as wide as clypeus and setose next below FES, cheeks nearly a third eye- length, no GNO, prosternum thickly bristled, propleura bare, 4 strong PS, 2 ST, 3 PEA and PA, strong IPAL, 1 moderate PTL and bristle-bunch, 4 strong LS, weak short straight APS, 5E open nearly twice E6 before wing- tip; squamae large and much widened behind, nearly as wide as long; hind tibiae thickly ciliate and no longer bristle, male claws short, small pilose spots on venter of third and fourth segments in the male, no MM on first two and strong short ME on last two segments, sternites covered, lobes of fifth small. Chrysopygia auricaudata sp. nov. — 1 male, Java (Fruhstorfer) Length, 11| mm. Head very pale gold, occipital orbits and posterior cheeks silvery-white, frontalia blackish, antennae brown, palpi brownish- fulvous, thorax thinly silvery and showing four black vittae with inner pair narrow, abdomen blackish and slightly reddish on sides, second segment silvery-white pollinose with sinuate limits posteriorly to the pollen which reaches near hind margin of segment on middle third, last two segments with similar pollen pattern but the pollen deep gold, legs blackish, wings nearly clear but veins lightly tinged with smoky, squamae whitish. — Male holotype, Vienna. BELVOSIINI Gonanamastax gen. nov. — Genotype, Blepharipeza goniceformis Mcq. — Tasmania Euns out with Anamastax BB. Frontal profile a little longer than facial, epistoma strongly warped, facialia oblique and ciliate halfway, V strong, vibrissal axis nearly as long as antennal and latter three-fourths head- height, proboscis as long as head-height, palpi long and slender, antennae set little above eye-middle, third joint of female narrow and 4 times sec- ond; arista bare and thickened to tip, basal joints short; eyes thickly long- pilose, female vertex-width not a third head-width and front very wide ante- riorly, 3 to 4 irregular rows of FES, parafacialia setose, cheeks nearly a third eye-length, 5E narrowly open in wingtip, no stump at cubitulus, last section of Cl short. — Female holotype (abdomen lacking), Paris. Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 473 Anamastax australis nom. nov. for Blepharipeza goniceformis BB. (nec. Mcq.) — Several males, Queensland Length, 12f mm. Blackish- head silvery, frontalia brownish-fulvous, palpi yellowish; second antennal joint, second abdominal segment except hind margin and narrow base of third segment obscurely rufous; thorax thinly silvery pollinose with four narrow blackish vittse, scutellum in large part obscurely testaceofulvous and thinly silvery, intermediate abdominal segments and venter thinly silvery pollinose as well as narrow base of anal segment, legs blackish, wings clear, squamae white. — Male holotype, Vienna; male paratype, Lima. LYDELLINI Gyrovaga gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina vicina Ztt. — Sweden Runs out with Tachinosalia Vill. Head a third wider than high, frontal profile well sloped and little over facial, clypeus faintly depressed, epistoma strongly warped, facialia bare, eyes pilose, vertex-width two-sevenths head- width in male and three-eighths same in female, 3 FRS below base antennae, 2 PFRO in female and none in male, no OCS, parafacialia bare, prosternum bristled, propleura and lateral postscutellar plates bare, 4 PS, 3 PRA and PA, IPAL developed, no PTL, 2 long and 2 short LS, short decussate APS, 5R open three-fourths M3 before wingtip, squamae widened behind and not projected outside, hind tibiae pectinate and 1 longer bristle, male claws very long, 1 weak MM on first segment and 1 strong MM on second, MR on last two segments and 2 irregular DR on anal segment, sternites covered. — Female holotype, male allotype, Lund. Chlorolydella gen. nov. — Genotype, C. caffrarice sp. nov. — South Africa Runs out with Anoxycampta Big. Head one-fourth wider than high ; frontal profile flat, well sloped and nearly as long as facial; clypeus gently sunk and little over half again as long as wide; epistoma short, full width and warped ; facialia strongly ciliate to FRS, V very long and strong, vibris- sal axis three-fourths length of antennal and latter three-fourths head- height, haustellum less than half head-height, labella large, palpi long and clavate, antennae set high above eye-middle and only faintly separated at base, first joint erect and elongate, second somewhat elongate, third in male three and one-half times second and uniformly widened; arista bare, thick- ened nearly to sharp tip and basal joints short; eyes thickly long -pilose and not reaching V level, male vertex-width a third head-width, front and face gently widening from vertex, 4 FRS below base antennse, IVRS straight, no PFRO in male, OCS strong and proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia bare and nearly a third clypeal width on middle, cheeks a third eye-length, bunch of strong GNO, prosternum bristled; propleura, postalar wall, tympanic ridge and lateral postscutellar plates bare; 4 PS and 3 ST, 3 PRA and PA, IPAL well developed, 1 moderate PTL, 3 heavy long and equal LS, shorter suberect decussate APS, long costal spine, 5R open three-fourths M3 before 474 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL wingtip, R5 bristled two-fifths way to R6, cubitulus over two-fifths wing- width from hind margin; squamae subtriangular, not very large, nearly as wide as long ; hind tibiae irregularly bristled, male claws long, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, 1 strong MD on second and 2 or more on third, anal segment with 2 DR and irregular shorter bristles, second to fourth sternites covered and fifth with large lobes. Chlorolydella caffrariae sp. nov. — 1 male, Caffraria (Wahlberg) Length, 9 mm. Parafrontalia, mesoscutum and scutellum bright metallic green, parafacialia silvery, facial depression silvery from side; cheeks, occi- put and pleura darker green with faint violet reflections ; f rontalia, antennae and palpi blackish, second antennal joint faintly fulvous; abdomen violet, anal segment and middorsum of third dark green, sides of abdomen faintly thinly silvery in oblique view, legs brownish, tibiae slightly paler, wings nearly clear, squamae whitish. — Male holotype, Stockholm. TRYPHERINI Rhinomydes gen. nov. — Genotype, It. emporomyioides sp. nov. — Formosa Runs out with Myiopharus BB. Head one-fourth wider than high; frontal profile arcuate, well sloped and one-fifth longer than facial; clypeus slightly depressed and nearly twice as long as wide; epistoma short, nearly full width and scarcely warped on rim ; f acialia ciliate halfway with 4 to 5 strong bristles, Y decussate and set below median oral margin level, vibrissal axis two -thirds antennal and latter three-fourths head -height, haustellum little longer than labella, palpi clavate and rather short, antennae set slightly below eye-middle, first joint erect but very short, second very elongate and third half again as long as second in female; arista micro-pubescent, thick- ened on base and basal joints short; eyes rather thinly pilose and not reach- ing Y level, female vertex-width one-fourth head-width and front widening evenly to over a third same anteriorly, face nearly uniform width, 2 FRS below base antennae, IYRS straight, 3 strong equal PFRO in female, CCS proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia bare, cheeks nearly a third eye-length, 2 GNO, prosternum scantily bristled, propleura and postalar wall bare; 3 PS, PI, PR A, PA and ST but middle one of last weak; IPAL well developed, 1 moderate PTL, 3 strong equal LS and small erect decussate APS, costal spine very strong and rather longer than R6, 5R neck-petiolate well before wingtip, squamae moderately large and longer than wide, female midcoxae lacking ctenidium, hind tibiae pectinate and with 2 • longer bristles, tarsi shortened, last joint of front tarsi in female widely flattened and over twice as long as wide, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, 1 MD on intermediate segments and anal sparsely covered except anterior fourth, sternites covered. Rhinomyodes emporomyioides sp. nov. — 1 female, Kankau, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 7 mm. Black, thinly silvery; palpi, antennae and f rontalia blackish or brown, cheek-grooves brown, rest of head thinly silvery, thorax same with Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 475 two wide shining black outer vittae that are nearly confluent with the line- like inner pair, abdomen shining black, bases of intermediate segments thinly silvery for one-fourth their length, legs black, wings faintly smoky- yellowish, squamae watery white. — Female holotype, Berlin-Dahlem. Thelycarcelia gen. nov. — Genotype, T. thrix sp. nov. — Formosa Kuns out with Cadurciella Vill. Head very much wider than high; frontal profile gently arcuate, strongly sloped and as long as facial; latter faintly bulged and receding downward, clypeus well depressed and not twice as long as wide; epistoma full wddth, very short and scarcely warped on edge; facialia bare and fused with clypeus, V decussate and set below median oral margin level, haustellum swollen and very short, palpi clavate and tips bare; third antennal joint of male 7 times the short second, wide and nearly uni- form width but the upper edge gently bulged; arista long, bare, thickened a third way and thin, basal joints short; eyes almost bare and reaching V level, male vertex-width nearly a third head-width and front faintly widen- ing therefrom, face slightly narrowed from front on middle and below, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS not decussate, 2 strong PFRO and RFRO in male, OCS strong and proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia bare and strongly narrowed below in male, cheeks nearly one-seventh eye-length, no GNO, prosternum pilose, propleura and postalar wall bare, 4 PS and ST, 3 PRA and PA, 4 LS and decussate APS, 5R open, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, hind tibiae pectinate and 1 very long bristle, male claws short, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, shorter DR on anal segment. Thelycarcelia thrix sp. nov. — 2 males, Kankau & Sokutsu, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 7 mm. Head silvery-white pollinose, parafrontalia and mesoscu- tum with faint brassy tinge, frontalia and antennae dark brown, palpi yel- low, five black thoracic vittae and the inner three narrow, scutellum testaceous except base, abdomen faintly fulvous on sides, last three segments pollinose except hind margins and a slight brassy tinge to pollen, legs dark brown, wings clear, squamae sordid whitish. — Male holotype, Berlin-Dahlem; male paratype, Lima. Formosodoria gen. nov. — Genotype, Sturmia dilabida Vill. — Formosa Runs out with Cadurciella Vill. Head half to three-fourths wider than high, frontal profile arcuate and one-fifth longer than facial, clypeus a little depressed ; epistoma full width, short and but faintly warped ; facialia bare, vibrissal axis four-fifths antennal and latter three-fifths head-height, haus- tellium little longer than labella and latter large, palpi stout-clavate, first antennal joint erect and short, third nearly three times the short second and wider in male, basal aristal joints short, eyes nearly bare, male vertex-width over one-fourth head- width and female a third same, face nearly uniform width in female but widening below in male, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS straight, 2 PFRO in female but none in male, 2 RFRO in both sexes, 476 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL OCS strong and proclinate, parafacialia bare, cheeks one-sixth eye-length, no GNO, prosternum bristled, propleura and lateral postscutellar plates bare, 4 PS and ST, 3 PRA and PA, strong IPAL, 1 moderate PTL, 3 LS and suberect decussate APS, 5R open nearly half M3 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, squamae nearly as wide as long, male claws moder- ately long, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, DR on anal, second to fourth sternites covered except extreme tips. — Female (?) holo- type, Berlin-Dalilem. Stylurodoria gen. nov. — Genotype, S. stylata sp. nov. — Formosa Runs out with Sumatrodoria TT. Head little over one-fourth wider than high, frontal profile nearly flat and almost as long as facial, clypeus gently sunk and over twice as long as wide, epistoma one-fourth as long as wide and gently warped, facialia bare and nearly as wide as parafacialia, vibrissa! axis a little shorter than antennal and latter two-thirds head-height, haus- tellum little longer than the large labella, palpi heavy-clavate and longer than third antennal joint, first antennal joint erect and short, third three and one-half times second in male and shorter in female; .arista bare, thick- ened halfway, second joint twice as long as wide; eyes nearly bare and almost reaching V level, female vertex-width a third head-width and male a little less, female face nearly uniform width and male widening some below, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS straight, 2 PFRO in female and none in male, 1 RFRO in both sexes, strong proclinate OCS, parafacialia bare and half clypeal width, cheeks nearly one-fourth eye-length, no GNO, prosternum bristled, propleura bare, 4 PS and ST, 3 PRA and PA, strong IPAL, 1 moderate PTL, 4 LS and shorter decussate APS, 5R open well before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, M3 nearer to cubitulus, squamae well widened, no ctenidium on female midcoxae, hind tibiae well ciliate and 1 longer bristle in both sexes, male claws long, abdomen ovate in male and ovoconic in female, 1 short MM on first two and short MR on last two segments, anal segment thickly bristled on hind half, sternites cov- ered in female and very narrowly exposed in male, female with slender piercer and last three segments of venter with short heavy spines. Stylurodoria stylata sp. nov. — 22 males and 15 females, Kankau, Formosa (Sauter) Length, 8 to 10 mm. Head silvery-white, frontalia and antennae dark brown, palpi fulvous, thorax silvery with a distinct leaden hue, five nearly equal blackish vittae but inner pair narrower before suture, scutellum testa- ceous and silvery pollinose; abdomen dark brown or blackish, faintly reddish on sides in male, irregular basal three-fifths of intermediate segments and basal half of anal silvery, legs black, wings clear, squamae nearly white. — Female holotype, male allotype, Berlin-Dahlem ; male and female paratypes, Lima. Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 477 Orientodoria gen. nov. — Genotype, Tachina orientalis Wied. — East Indies Runs out with Oxynops TT. Frontal profile arcuate and little longer than facial, clypeus sunk and over twice as long as wide, epistoma short and rim faintly warped, facialia strongly ciliate and nearly half width of clypeus, vibrissal axis three-fifths antennal and latter three-fifths head- height, haustellum short and labella large, palpi stout-cylindric and not as long as third antennal joint, latter in female two and one-fourth times the somewhat elongate second joint; arista bare, thickened over halfway and tapered, basal joints short; eyes nearly bare, female vertex-width a third head-width, front and face nearly uniform width, 2 FRS below base antennae, 2 PFRO and 1 RFRO in female, OCS proclinate-divaricate, parafacialia bare and little wider than facialia inverted, cheeks one-fourth eye-length, prosternum bare save 1 quite strong PST ; propleura, postalar wall, tympanic ridge and lateral postscutellar plates bare; 4 PS; 3 ST, PI, PRA and PA; IPAL well developed, 1 strong PTL, costal spine strong, 5R narrowly open nearly length of M3 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled nearly halfway to R6 with 3 to 5 bristlets, M3 over its length from cubitulus and not far from midway, last section of Cl half length of preceding, squamge widened behind and projecting somewhat outside, 1 weak MM on first and 1 strong MM on second segment, MR on last two segments, sternites covered. — Female holotype, Copenhagen. Argyrophylacoides gen. nov. — Genotype, Degeeria zetterstedtii Krsch. — Central Africa Runs out with Cadurcia Vill. Head one-fourth wider than high, frontal profile arcuate and a third longer than facial, clypeus moderately sunk and over twice as long as wide, epistoma short and in clypeal plane, facialia bristled nearly halfway, vibrissal axis a little shorter than antennal and latter three-fifths head-height, haustellum short and labella large, palpi clavate, third antennal joint of male a little over twice second and narrow; arista a little longer than antennae, thickened one-fifth way, short-pubescent nearly to tip, basal joints short; eyes base and reaching oral margin level, male vertex-width little over one-sixth head-width, 4 FRS below base anten- nae, no PFRO in male but 2. strong RFRO, OCS strong and proclinate, parafacialia bare and nearly as wide as facialia inverted, cheeks nearly one- fourth eye-length, prosternum bristled, propleura and lateral postscutellar plates bare, 4 PS, 2 ST, 3 PRA and PA, strong IPAL, 1 moderate PTL, 5R narrowly open little over R6 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled at base, squamae well widened and squared behind, male claws elongate, venter of third abdominal segment of male with pair of patches of very fine thickly- set short hair, no MM on first segment, 1 MM on second and MR on last two segments, bristly hairs on disk of third and irregular submarginal bristles on anal segment, second to fourth sternites covered, fifth cleft. — Female (?) holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.) ; male allotype (?), Copenhagen (Westermann Coll.), labelled “T. zetterstedti Westm. Guinea. ” 478 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL PHRYNOINI Clilorophryno gen. nov. — Genotype, Gymnocheta glauca Krsch. — West Tanganyika Runs out with Austrophryno TT. Head a third wider than high, frontal profile somewhat sloped and a little shorter than facial, latter very reced- ing, clypeus gently depressed and nearly three times as long as wide, epis- toma short and warped, facialia strongly ciliate to FRS with 5 to 8 bristles, vibrissal axis little over three-fifths antennal and latter three-fourths head- height, haustellum a third head-height and labella very large, first antennal joint erect and long, third joint nearly six times second in male and nearly three times same in female; arista long, micro-pubescent, a little thickened halfway, crooked, basal joints short; eyes thickly long -pilose, vertex-width somewhat over a third head-width in both sexes, face and front nearly uni- form width, 2 FRS below base antennae, IVRS straight, 2 PFRO in female and none in male, 2 RFRO in both sexes, OCS long and proclinate-divari- cate, parafacialia, bare save a few setae next lowest FRS and more numerous in male, cheeks rather over one-fourth eye-length, no GNO, prosternum bristled, propleura bare, 4 PS, 3 ST, 3 PRA and PA, IPAL scarcely devel- oped, 1 moderate PTL, 5R open a third M3 before wingtip, squamae nearly as wide as long, tarsi elongate, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two seg- ments, 1 MD on intermediate segments, irregular DR on anal segment, ster- nites covered. — Female holotype, Berlin (Univ. Mus.). FRONTININI Eodolichocolon gen. nov. — Genotype, Dolicho colon orient ale TT. — Sumatra Runs out with Cryptocladocera Bezz. Head little wider than high, frontal profile flat and nearly two-thirds length of facial, clypeus deep and over three times as long as wide, epistoma short and moderately warped, facialia heavily ciliate with 4 to 6 huge infraclinate bristles, vibrissal axis much shorter than antennal and latter over half head-height, haustellum stout and short, labella very large, palpi clavate, first antennal joint erect and moder- ately long; third joint of male 6 to 7 times second, very large and uniform width with truncate tip; arista nearly as long as antennae, bare, thickened over halfway, second joint half length of thickened part of third; eyes thinly sliort-hairy and straight, male vertex-width about one-fourth head- width, 4 FRS below base antennae, IYRS not decussate, no PFRO in male, OCS strong and proclinate, parafacialia bare, cheeks nearly one-fourth eye- length, no GNO, prosternum strongly bristled, propleura bare, 4 PS; 3 ST, PI, PRA and PA; 2 moderately long PST, IPAL a strong bristle, 1 mod- erate PTL and bristles, 2 long LS, shorter strongly decussate APS, 5R open three-fifths M3 before wingtip ; squamae much widened behind, nearly as wide as long and projecting outside; hind tibiae ciliate and with 1 longer bristle in male, claws of male very short, abdomen ovate and deep, 1 MM on first two and MR on last two segments, discals on anal segment, sternites somewhat exposed. — Male holotype, Amsterdam (N. Artis. Mag.). Dec., 1932] Townsend: Diptera 479 VORIINI Neuroplagia gen. nov. — Genotype, Plagia nudinerva Vill. — Spain Runs out with Hyleorus Aid. Differs from latter as follows: Frontal profile not longer than facial, third antennal joint of female less than twice length of second joint, arista as long as third antennal joint, eyes reaching a little short of V level, front and face over a third head-width in female, parafacialia not narrowed to a line below, 4 PS, 3 PEA and PRI, IPAL differentiated, HLS reaching base of anal segment, 5R very narrow and closed twice length of M3 before wingtip, R1 bare, R5 bristled to point halfway between base Ml and tip 5R, Ml in line with M3, latter little over half its length from both R6 and cubitulus, last section Cl nearly twice length of preceding section, cubitulus on inner third of 5R and nearly three- fifths wingwidth from hind margin of wing. — Female holotype, Rambouillet (Vill. Coll.). ACTIINI Malaiocrocuta gen. nov. — Genotype, Tochina molitor Wied. — East Indies Runs out with Istoglossa Rdi. Head little wider than high ; frontal pro- file flat, well sloped and three-fifths length of facial; clypeus faintly de- pressed and two and one-lialf times as long as wide, epistoma short and scarcely warped but incrassate, facialia bare, vibrissal axis as long as an- tennal and latter scarcely over half head-height, haustellum setose and half head-height, palpi clavate, second antennal joint very short, third narrow in female and little over four times second; arista nearly as long as third antennal joint, bare, thickened to tapered tip, second joint elongate; eyes bare and nearly reaching V level, female vertex-width nearly half head-width and both front and face nearly uniform width, 2 FRS below base antennae, 2 PFRO in female and 1 RFRO in line with PFRO, 2 pairs of divaricate OCS and front pair slightly proclinate, parafacialia bare and over half cly- peal width, checks a third eye-length; prosternum, propleura, postalar wall, tympanic ridge and lateral postscutellar plates bare; 3 PS and ST, 2 PRA, 1 PRSA, no PH, 1 moderate PTL; 5R petiolate half Ml before wingtip, stalk half M3 and in line with R5; R1 bare, R5 with 2 to 3 bristles which may extend halfway to R6, latter opposite S2 tip, last section Cl nearly half preceding, squamae widened behind and projecting on outer side, no MM on first two and MR on last two segments. — Female holotype, Copen- hagen. Discochaeta braueri nom. nov. for Tachina muscaria BB. (nec. Fall.) — Several males, Mehadia, Hungary Length, 5 mm. Second antennal joint, palpi and scutellum pale yellow- ish; head, thorax and narrow bases of last three segments silvery. — Male holotype, Vienna; male paratype, Lima. Dec., 1932] Rudolfs: Chemical Changes 481 STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CHANGES DURING THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE TENT CATERPILLAR (MALACOSOMA AMERICANA FAB.) Y. WEIGHT AND DATA1 By Willem Rudolfs2 In former publications (1) curves and discussions have been presented on the results obtained in a study of the chemical changes taking place during the life cycle of the tent caterpillar. Measurements and weight of the growing larvae, the original data, together with a brief general summary are the purpose of this paper. Material A collection of about one thousand egg masses of the tent caterpillar were kept in an insectary from which lots of from 50 to 75 egg masses were used for analyses. Another lot was kept in the laboratory and subjected for about 2\ days to a con- stant temperature of 80° F. and constant atmospheric moisture content of 73.4 per cent. After the caterpillars were formed in the egg-shells they were removed by hand and some analyses made. The caterpillars upon hatching were analyzed in lots of from 50 to 1,000, depending upon the size. Pupae and adults were analyzed in lots of about 50 individuals. Results After the egg-masses had been in the insectary for about two months the weight of the egg-masses was apparently determined mainly by the moisture content of the larvae. The relation is shown in table 1, where the results obtained from individual egg- masses are given. 1 Journal Series paper of the N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J. Dept, of Entomology. 2 Chief, Dept. Sewage Research. 482 Journal New York Entomological Society LVol. XL TABLE 1 Weight of Egg-masses and Larvje July Aug. Sept. Nov. Jan. Number of eggs 330 360 355 320 370 Total weight one mass (gr.) .0990 .1040 .1000 .0905 .1015 Weight of larvae (gr.) .0545 .0565 .0530 .0434 .0555 Percentage weight of larvae... 55.1 54.0 53.0 51.9 48.0 Percentage moisture larvae 61.9 58.2 56.2 52.2 49.1 Atmospheric conditions affected the wet weight of the egg- masses also to some extent. The following most widely varying results between egg-masses taken from the insectary and those subjected to a constant conditioned air stream show this: Moisture content of egg-masses from : Insectary Air stream per cent. per cent. 42.48 44.80 43.79 40.97 44.86 39.19 The results obtained on chemical analyses of the larvae taken from the shells are given in table 2, while the results obtained TABLE 2 Analyses of Larvae Taken from Eggs Date Mois- Soluble Total Ether ture ash nitrogen soluble July 61.9 5.03 9.42 0.46 Aug 58.2 4.40 Sept 56.2 4.43 10.00 1.06 Oct 54.1 4.40 10.45 0.95 Nov 52.2 4.20 10.80 0.90 Dec 50.8 3.80 11.55 0.90 Jan 49.1 3.64 12.07 0.75 Feb 44.4 14.20 0.35 on the average weight and average length of the larvae, and the chemical analyses of larvae, pupae and adults are shown in table 3. During the year monthly analyses were made on Length, Weight and Chemical Constituents of Larvae, Pupae and Adults Dec., 1932] Rudolfs: Chemical Changes 483 qsp aiqnjog sajRuoqiRQ saving (in) ®iq. -tips .taqia TiaSojqtu inojj qsu ppj, am^siopj qiSiiat 9§n.t9Ay Ul$i9Av 9§E.I9Ay a;t?a jaqtimj^ § £ t ^ as 'OD -S li ^ £ © £5 O CO cq CO O O O ^ iq cq o> w o id co rji cd co* co* rQ & S CQ P rt So g1 r-. a ( CD £ £ c3 CO a o W ^ 43 « a © r- 0^ ^ hs P3 <1 co t- cq co CO ^ o o iq t>-’ CM* CO CO CO N co cq cq’ OINLOCOIMOOOOOCOIO t^OiCOOOOCOt^TjHCMrH O N (M (M (M tH O O O lO 00 rl N ^ O o' o’ o* o* , -t-^CQOOOOOO 2 gw® cq rH os © fti q w io cd t ' o o o o_ oo o id cd t'-' c o’ cq oo t^iico^NHlMIMaSIMIMHHO 5 § q CQ CQ CQ r-i rH CQ CO CQ O © © © © g o* o* o* o* o* cd o' © o* © © o* cd o O H lo l>- 00 OS OOOOOOIOLQCOCOCSCO iq os cq o o cq -rtn iq co cq oq © o* os’ o’ os' os’ os’ oo o’ os oo os’ os’ N^CONW^®COI> cqt'-dscqcQiqcqi>-r cd co’ tjh cd os’ t> cd i> o CO GO H CO t— H H 00 CO 00 00* CO co’ tJH cq’ t^IOOOcOtHOOS^i— ICOi— IO « ^ d co i> o’ io i — iiocooscoi — i oo ^ co io io oo r-i CQ CO CO CO CO CQ H lO S 00 H t> ® H CQ i- 1 i- 1 t-H cq CQ CQ CO 00 H H CO CO ( tH tH lO lO lo lo lO lO lO lO lO lO CO CO Note. — Chemical analyses all on basis of dry weights of insects. 484 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL batches of egg-masses. The analytical results are given in table 4. TABLE 4 Analyses of Egg-masses Date Mois- ture Total ash Soluble ash Fats Total nitrogen Sul- fates Carbo- nates per per per per per per per cent. cent. cent. cent. cent * cent. cent. June 22 48.5 1.32 0.41 4.45 11.49 0.16 0.25 July 18 45.5 1.93 1.85 1.71 12.82 0.30 1.45 Aug. 11 40.8 2.30 2.11 1.48 12.82 0.36 1.75 Sept. 13 42,0 2.35 2.12 1.40 13.02 0.35 1.80 Oct. 30 46.2 2.49 2.14 1.32 13.32 0.35 1.82 Nov. 17 42.5 4.07 2.76 1.21 14.00 0.42 2.34 Dec. 15. 43.0 3.75 2.80 1.12 13.10 0.42 2.20 Jan. 12 43.8 3.32 2.58 1.06 13.07 0.39 2.19 Feb. 18 44.8 3.90 2.90 0.56 14.29 0.49 2.41 One more or less complete analysis of the cover and egg-shell as compared with the egg-mass was made. The results are par- tially shown in table 5. The larvas taken from these egg cases TABLE 5 Analyses of Egg-masses, Cover and Egg-shells Egg-mass Cover Egg-shells* Moisture, per cent 42.50 8.30 15.70 Total ash, per cent 4.04 2.46 0.74 Insoluble ash, per cent 1.30 0.12 trace Sulfates, per cent 0.46 trace trace Carbonates, per cent trace 0.0 trace Chlorides, p.p.m 0.45 0.1 trace Amino-nitrogen, per cent 0.835 Ammonia, nitrogen, p.p.m 13.4 35.4 Albuminoid nitrogen, p.p.m 669 1062 Ether soluble (fat), per cent 1.20 0.0 G-lycogen, per cent 2.31 0.48 * Traces of cover adhering to egg-shells. contained 2.87 per cent, of glycogen. The egg-masses gave posi- tive tests for urea, tryptophane, xanthoproteic reaction, reduced Dec., 1932] Rudolfs: Chemical Changes 485 sulfur reaction (cystine, cysteine), carbohydrates, sugars and phosphorus. They showed a negative test with Millon’ reaction, Ehrlich’s diazo reaction (histidine, tyrosine) and cholesterol. The covers were positive for urea, tryptophane, reduced sulfur, carbohydrates and phosphorus. All other tests showed negative. Discussion The average weight of the larvas increased rapidly during this part of the life cycle of the insects. With the gradual increase in weight the moisture content increased rapidly and remained fairly constant after the first two instars until they were full grown. The weight and moisture content decreased again dur- ing transformation. However, the decrease in weight was greater than the reduction in moisture content. The decrease in wet weight of the full grown larvae to the adult amounted to 81 per cent., whereas the decrease in moisture content amounted to 50.7 per cent. The percentage ether soluble material (fats) increased gradu- ally during the first two instars, increased rapidly during the next three instars and increased at an accelerated rate during TABLE 6 Dry Weight, Eats and Nitrogen Contents Per Insect No. Dry weight Fats Total nitrogen mgr. mgr. mgr. 9 .18 .0012 .027 10 1.92 .0143 11 3.0 .175 .32 12 9.4 .740 .93 13 10.2 .875 1.05 14 31.5 2.97 2.83 15 40.3 4.03 3.62 16 47.5 5.17 4.37 17 122.0 18.40 11.05 18 133.0 24.85 14.05 19 129.0 31.00 12.10 20 103.0 29.65 8.50 21 90.0 23.40 8.90 22 74.3 18.35 6.70 Milligrams 486 Journal Neiw York Entomological Society [Vol. XL 9 /O // JZ /3 /4 15 /6 J7 /8 J9 ZO Z! ZZ Z3 Numbers Fig. 1. Relation between dry weight per insect and weight of fats and nitrogen of larvae, pupae and adults. Dec., 1932] Budolfs: Chemical Changes 487 the first part of metamorphosis, while the percentage decreased during the second part. However, the actual amount of ether soluble material per insect decreased somewhat during the first part of metamorphosis (table 6). The relation between the dry weight of the insects and the weight of fats and nitrogen is shown in figure 1. While the insects were losing some mois- ture just before pupation, fat production continued somewhat, but as soon as the transformation processes began the fat content decreased with the result that 41 per cent, of the fats w^ere con- sumed between the prepupal stage and the full grown adult. Total nitrogen per dry insect increased in the rapidly growing larvae at a slightly faster rate than the fats. A considerable actual loss of nitrogen took place during pupation processes. While the fat content decreased 24 per cent, between the pre- pupal and ready to hatch stages, the nitrogen loss amounted to 38 per cent. It is also interesting to note that the total amounts of fats still increased from the full grown to prepupal stage, while the nitrogen decreased, indicating that the first transfor- mation processes were made at the expense of nitrogen present. Upon hatching the soluble ash content was higher than a few days later, probably due to waste products stored when the in- sects remained in the egg-cases. After the initial drop there was a persistent increase of soluble ash in the growing larvae. The percentage of glycogen in the growing larvae decreased but the actual amount increased rapidly. There was appar- ently no storage of glycogen as was the case with fats. The monthly analyses of egg-masses (table 4) showed some fluctuations in moisture content with an increase in total and soluble ash. The fats decreased materially and some increase in total nitrogen. It is of interest that the larvae taken from the egg-shells (table 2) increased gradually in nitrogen content. The carbonates and sulfates, considered to be a part of the end products of the life processes, increased in the egg-masses. It may be seen that the percentage of soluble ash of the larvae en- cased in the egg-shells decreased somewhat. The end products were apparently deposited in the egg-shells. The initial purpose of the study was an inquiry in the general changes and fluctuations of the chemical constituents of an in- 488 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL sect to obtain, if possible, an insight into the accumulation and decomposition of materials utilized in the life processes. The need for correlation of biochemical changes taking place in the life cycle of insects with environmental conditions, food plants, composition of soils, etc., is apparent. Such studies require long and painstaking work without much hope for immediate practical results. Every small contribution will help in the understanding of the vast problems involved and may bear fruit in the future. The studies reported are only a small part of the envisioned work and the results are far too scanty to allow gen- eral conclusions to be drawn. Correlation between the gross biochemical changes and the types and amounts of enzymes present during the different stages ; types, fluctuations and quantities of intermediate products (sugars, amino-acids, etc.) ; occurrence and quantities of other inorganic constituents (phos- phorus, potash, silicon, etc.) all would be necessary to complete the picture before real progress could be made with comparisons of food plants, geochemical factors and climatic conditions. REFERENCES (1) Rudolfs, W. Jour. N. Y. Entom., v. 34, p. 249; v. 34, p. 320; v. 35, p. 220; v. 37, p. 17. Dec., 1932] Driggers: Parasites 489 COCOON PARASITES OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH* By Byrley F. Driggers Associate Entomologist, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station There has accumulated in the past fifteen years a considerable body of literature which deals with parasites of the oriental fruit moth. In nearly all parts of the United States and Canada, where the moth has become established, are records of one or more species of insects which attack it. The number of para- sites which have transferred to the fruit moth and the rapidity with which this has been accomplished is much more pronounced than in the case of certain other imported pests. Garman (3) reported an egg parasite (Trichogramma) and a larval parasite (Macrocentrus) of the fruit moth as early as 1917, one year after the first published note on the presence of the fruit moth in this country. This report was followed shortly by another report by Garman (4) and also by reports from Wood and Sel- kregg (9) and Stearns (7) which increased considerably the number of known species of fruit moth parasites. The spread of the fruit moth and the initiation of more and more studies dealing with its parasites added new species to the record from year to year. Stearns (8) and Haeussler (5) drew up lists of known fruit moth parasites. Haeussler ’s list, published in Sep- tember, 1930, two years after that of Steam’s, contained 57 primary and 8 secondary parasites. These figures represent a gain of about 20 new species during the two year period. Since 1930 the writer has learned of a number of new species not re- corded in Haeussler ’s paper. No doubt the number at present is much higher and will continue to increase. A study of the literature of fruit moth parasites reveals the fact that the majority of the parasites recorded are those that attack the larvae feeding in twigs and fruit. In a column * Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology. 490 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL headed “stage of host attacked,” Haeussler (5, p. 366) lists the egg, larva, pupa, prepupa and cocoon as the stages in the life cycle of the fruit moth attacked by the different parasites. Thirty-nine of the fifty-seven primary parasites are listed as larval parasites. Stearns (8) lists nearly twice as many pri- mary larval parasites as all other primary parasites combined. Practically all of the parasites so listed attack the larva during the feeding stage and before it spins its cocoon. A study of the data in the papers cited and other papers would lead one to believe that the largest number of parasite species, and the most important ones, attack larvse at the time they are feeding in the twigs and fruit or while they are trans- ferring from one feeding point to another. This may or may not be true. There may be as many or more species attacking the cocoon stages of the fruit moth as there are attacking the precocoon stages, and they may be as important'. Up to the present time, most of the work on fruit moth parasites has dealt with stages of the moth other than those within the cocoon. This was the logical point to begin a study of fruit moth parasites. The precocoon stages of the fruit moth are present in the or- chard from spring until fall ; they are readily located, are easily collected in large numbers, and can be reared to maturity, or until the parasites emerge, with a minimum of effort.. On the other hand, the cocoon stages — particularly those of the summer — are relatively less easily located and require more careful handling to prevent injury to the host or the parasite. While up to the present, emphasis has been placed on the study of para- sites of the precocoon stages of the fruit moth, the writer feels that more study of the parasites of the cocoon stages is needed. One or more stages of the fruit moth in the cocoon are present in the orchard practically the whole year. Furthermore, the fruit moth, from the time the larva leaves its feeding place until the cocoon is spun and on through the larval, prepupal and pupal stages within the cocoon, is particularly susceptible to attack by parasites. A thorough study of the cocoon parasites in different parts of the country may bring forward a species more favorable for mass production and liberation than Macro- centrus or Trichogramma. Dec., 1932] Driggers: Parasites 491 The interest of the writer in cocoon parasites was aroused soon after he was assigned to the fruit moth problem in 1927. In the spring and summer of 1927, and the two previous years, weekly collections of twig feeding larvae were made in several localities in northern New Jersey and several in southern New Jersey. It was observed (2, p. 4) that, in general, the first brood twig larvae in southern New Jersey localities were para- sitized heavily whereas the larvae of the first brood in northern New Jersey were parasitized lightly. The build up of the moth in succeeding generations in northern New Jersey was not as pronounced as one would expect from the low parasitism of twig feeding larvae of the first brood. This led to the thought that other stages and particularly the cocoon stages might be heavily parasitized. Collections of fruit moth hibernacula were begun in the late winter and spring of 1928 for the purpose of deter- mining the percentage of parasitism and the kind of parasites. Some of the parasites obtained from this material and from fruit moth pupae exposed in the orchard in 1928 were recorded in a paper (1) printed in the journal of this society in 1930. These studies were continued in the summer of 1928, in 1929, and 1930. This paper sets forth some of the data obtained. Parasitism of Cocoons Collected in ti-ie Spring of 1928 Collections of fruit moth hibernacula were made from the rough bark of peach tree trunks and large limbs at the three northern localities, New Brunswick, South River and Glen Moore and from the southern New Jersey locality of Riverton. An effort was made to' collect the hibernacula with as little dis- turbance to the contents as possible. In about half of the mate- rial collected the cocoons were mutilated to a point where the larva, pupa or parasite was exposed. The specimens thus col- lected were placed each in individual vials, suitably recorded and stored in an open insectary to await emergence. Collections were made at New Brunswick, April 20, 26, 29 and May 4; at South River, March 26, April 12 and 30; at Glen Moore, April 7 and May 3; and at Riverton, on March 27 and April 30. Table 1 shows the total number of individuals collected and the percentage parasitized. 492 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL TABLE 1 Percentage of Parasites and Moths Obtained from Oriental Fruit Moth Hibernacula Collected in March, April and May, 1928, at Four Localities in New Jersey Locality Hibernacula collected Fruit Moths, per cent. Parasites, per cent. New Brunswick : 96 12.5 87.5 South River 88 26.2 73.8 Glen Moore 60 21.7 78.3 Riverton 27 74.1 25.9 The data in table 1 may appear as a rather small number of hibernacula collected. It should be borne in mind, however, that the collections were made in the spring after the natural winter mortality had taken place. The winter mortality, due to diseases and other causes, may be rather high (5, p. 377, and 6, p. 26). The practice of treating the trees with paradichloroben- zene in the fall is another factor which would tend to cut down the number of larvte to be found on the tree the following spring. The data in table 1 show a rather high percentage of parasites present in the collections at the three northern New Jersey localities, New Brunswick, South River and Glen Moore. At New Brunswick and South River approximately half of all the parasites were a species of Eurytoma.1 Calliephialtes n. sp. was also fairly abundant at these localities, and was followed in much smaller numbers by Aenoplex betulaecola, Eupelmus sp. and Pristomerus ocellatus. At Glen Moore the parasites were about equally divided between the three species, Eurytoma sp., Calliephialtes n. sp. and Eupelmus sp. At Riverton Callie- phialtes n. sp. was the most numerous parasite. No specimen of Glypta or Macrocentrus was reared from any of the collections. Pristomerus ocellatus was known to be a parasite which attacks a precocoon stage of the fruit moth. Calliephialtes and Aenoplex appeared to be a primary parasite which attack the cocoon stage. Eurytoma and Eupelmus, on the other hand, appeared to be hyperparasites attacking Glypta 1 The parasites were identified by specialists at the National Museum in Washington, D. C. Dec., 1932] Driggers: Parasites 493 rufiscutellaris. The fact that these two hyperparasites were present in large numbers in the spring of 1928 and was followed by a marked decrease in the percentage of Glypta in the sum- mer of 1928, has been noted (2, p. 16). Parasitism of Cocoons Collected Spring of 1929 The collections of hibernacula were continued in March and April, 1929, in the same orchards where the collections were made in 1928. The procedure used in collecting and handling the material was the same as was employed in 1928. Table 2 shows the percentage parasitism found in the spring of 1929. TABLE 2 Percentages of Parasites and Moths Obtained from Oriental Fruit Moth Hibernacula Collected in the Spring of 1929 at Four Localities in New Jersey Locality Hibernacula collected Fruit Moths, per cent. Parasites, per cent. New Brunswick 116 50.0 50.0 South River 52 84.6 15.4 Glen Moore 32 87.5 12.5 Riverton 36 58.3 41.7 The data in table 2 show a decided drop in cocoon parasitism in the spring of 1929 as compared to the parasitism in the spring of 1928 in the three northern New Jersey localities. At River- ton the parasitism increased in 1929 over 1928. In general the same group of parasites were present in 1929 as were present in 1928. Aenoplex and Calliephialtes were again present as were the two hyperparasites, Eurytoma and Eupelmus. The parasite Dibrachys boucheanus appeared in larger numbers than the previous year. For the second year no specimen of Glypts or Macrocentrus was reared from the spring collected hibernacula. The peach crop in New Jersey was more heavily infested in 1929 than any year since 1924. In orchards of the Belle of Georgia, Elberta and Fox Seedling varieties at Glen Moore, New Brunswick, South River, Dayton, and Manasquan, fruit infesta- tions ranged from 30 to 80 per cent. The data in tables 1 and 494 Journal New York Entomological Society [Yol. XL 2, while not extensive enough to warrant the drawing of a defi- nite conclusion, point to a possible relationship between the para- sitism of the cocoon stages and the subsequent build up in fruit infestation. Relative Parasitism of Overwintering Larvye Collected in the Fall and Spring The majority of the parasites obtained from the spring collec- tions of 1928 and 1929 probably represented species that attack some stage within the cocoon and were not species that normally attack the feeding larvae. This probability is strengthened by the fact that most of the species had never been reared from larvae collected at the time they were feeding. Furthermore it has been shown (5) that the parasitism of larvae cut from late ripening peaches is quite low. In order to throw further light on the question of where the parasitism found in the hibernacula in the spring took place, the writer carried out the following ex- periments from 1928 to 1930. Burlap bands were placed around Elberta and Krummel trees at New Brunswick in the late sum- mer of 1928 and again in the late summer of 1929. The hiber- nating larvae were removed twice a week from one-half of the bands, placed in vials with pieces of straw paper corrugations and the vials stored in the insectary to await emergence. The remaining half of the bands were left undisturbed until the fol- lowing spring. They were then removed and the hibernacula, which the larvas had constructed in and under them, collected and placed in vials for emergence records. The data from these experiments are set forth in table 3. TABLE 3 Comparative Parasitism of Overwintering Larvae. Collected in the Fall and Spring at New Brunswick from Bands Placed on Elberta and Krummel Trees When collected Total no. collected Fruit Moth, per cent. Parasites, per cent. Fall, 1928 79 96.1 3.9 Spring, 1929 74 56.8 43.2 Fall, 1929 462 94.3 5.7 Spring, 1930 282 65.6 ^ 34.4 Dec., 1932] Driggers: Parasites 495 The data in table 3 show that those larvge that go over the winter on the tree are much more heavily parasitized than the larvae collected shortly after they leave the fruit and begin con- structing their winter cocoons. Since the spring and fall col- lected material came from the same source, the difference must be due to parasites which attack the cocoon stages. The small parasitism of the larvae collected in the fall was made up prin- cipally of the two species of Macrocentrus — parasites which are known to attack the feeding larvae. The parasites obtained from the bands in the spring, collec- tions were in general the same as those found in the spring col- lections of 1928 and 1929. Aenoplex was the most numerous, followed by the several species of hyperparasites previously mentioned. There was a scattering number of Calliephialtes and an occasional specimen of those species which attack feed- ing larvae. While collecting larvae from under the bands in the fall of 1929, the writer found a number of larvae in recently spun cocoons which at first examination appeared to be diseased. They were limp and flaccid, and showed no response to stimula- tion. Further examination of additional specimens showed that each larva had attached to it a tiny parasitic larva. A number of these paralyzed fruit moth larvae were collected and an effort made to rear the parasites to maturity. Only one adult para- site Avas obtained. This proved to be a species of Aenoplex. Summary A large number of species of insects have been recorded as parasites of the oriental fruit moth. To date most of the work has dealt with those species which attack the egg and feeding larva. In comparison, the species attacking the cocoon stages have been given little attention. Studies carried on in New Jer- sey from 1928 to 1930 show (1) that a high percentage of para- sitism may be found in overwintering hibernacula collected in the spring, (2) that for the most part the species encountered are not the same as those found attacking the egg or feeding larval stages, and (3) that the majority of this parasitism takes place after the cocoon is formed or during the process of cocoon for- mation. 496 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL REFERENCES 1. Driggers, B. F., 1929. Some Parasites of the Oriental Peach Moth in New Jersey. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Yol. 37 : 169. 2. Driggers, B. F. Some Studies on the Larval Parasites of the Oriental Peach Moth (Laspeyresia molesta Busck). N. J. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 510. 3. G-arman, P., 1917. The Oriental Peach Pest. Maryland Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 209. 4. Garman, P., 1918. A comparison of several species of Lepidoptera in- festing peach and apple in Maryland, with additional notes on the Oriental Peach Moth. Maryland Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 223. 5. Haeussler, G. J., 1930. Parasites of the Oriental Peach Moth ( Las - peyresia molesta Busck) in North America. J. Agri. Res. Yol. 41: 366. 6. Peterson, A., and Haeussler, G. J., 1926. The Oriental Peach Moth. W. S. D. A. circular 395. 7. Stearns, L. A., 1919. Some recently recorded parasites of the Oriental Peach Moth. Jour. Econ. Ent. Yol. 12: 347. 8. Stearns, L. A., 1928. The larval parasites of the Oriental Peach Moth {Laspeyresia molesta Busck) with special reference to the biology of Macrocentrus ancylivora Rohwer. N. J. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 460. 9. Wood, W. B., and Selkregg, E. R., 1918. Further notes of Lespeyresia molesta. J. Agri. Res. Yol. 13 : 59. Dec., 1932] Beck: Diptera 497 LIFE HISTORY NOTES AND A STUDY OF THE EF- FECTS OF HUMIDITY ON ADULT EMERGENCE OF RHAGOLETIS SUAVIS CRESS., FROM PUPAE AT A CONSTANT TEMPERA- TURE (DIPTERA, TRYPETID^)1 By D. Elden Beck2 In Iowa, the walnut husk maggot, Rhagoletis suavis Cresson, infests the black walnut, Juglans nigra Linn., and the butternut, Juglan.s cinerea Linn., the most wide-spread infestation occur- ring in black walnuts. This paper is chiefly concerned with the insect in the black walnut. During the latter part of September, 1930, several bushels of black walnuts were harvested, which were heavily infested with the husk maggot, the number of maggots ranged from one to thirty-six per nut. The nuts were divided into two lots, one lot being used to determine spring emergence and the other for a study of humidity and constant temperature effects. Infested walnuts for outdoor study were placed upon the surface of loose humus soil in shallow boxes which were exposed to outdoor conditions throughout the fall and winter months. In the late spring of 1931, cheesecloth emergence cages were con- structed and placed over the boxes containing the walnuts. The cages possessed sliding glass fronts which enabled one easily to count and collect the flies as they emerged. The first fly emerged June 15, but no further emergence took place until July 6, when eight more flies were collected in the cage. Continued emergence of three or four individuals daily occurred during the month of July. A decided increase in the number emerging took place during the first of August and reached its highest point for the entire season on August seventh 1 Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 2 The writer wishes to thank Dr. C. H. Richardson for his helpful sug- gestions in this investigation. 498 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL when thirty-eight flies were obtained. The last fly to issue appeared on the sixteenth of August. The following procedure was followed for the humidity and temperature studies : Wooden boxes two feet square and four inches deep were partially filled with loose soil and a layer of infested walnuts was placed over the surface. The boxes were allowed to stand outdoors for a period of three weeks. Mean- while great numbers of larvae emerged from the walnuts and pupated a few inches beneath the surface of the soil. A large basin was provided into which one quarter of the box of soil con- taining the pupae could be placed. The specific gravity of the pup® was less than that of the surrounding soil particles and the pup® which floated on the water surface were easily removed with a tea strainer. The pup® were then immediately placed on blotting paper and allowed to dry for a few hours. Pup® so collected were placed in a wire screen cylinder over distilled water in a closed chamber, where the relative humidity was maintained at approximately 100 per cent. The chamber was opened daily for a few minutes for aeration. The wire cylinder which contained the pup® was removed from the high humidity chamber November 19, 1930. Ten pup® were placed in each of a number of shell vials 60 mm. high x 12 mm. wide and the vials were then maintained at 2° C. On December 4, four lots of 100 pup® (10 vials to each lot) were removed and subjected to the following humidities: 32%-70%- 81%-100%,3 at a constant temperature of 30° C.4 Each humidifier was a medium sized desiccator, the lower portion of which contained the saturated salt solution, while in the upper compartment were placed the shell vials in groups of ten on a wire screen. Each vial was loosely stoppered with cotton. At intervals of every fifteen days new lots of pup® were taken 3 Humidities were determined by use of the table constructed by Hugh M. Spencer in his 1 1 Laboratory Methods for Maintaining Constant Humid- ity. ” International Critical Tables, Yol. I, pp. 67-68, 1926. The following were used to maintain the humidities : MGCL, • 2H20 = 32%; NaCl- 70% ; (NH4)2SO'4= 81% ; H2O = 100%. 4 Constant temperature and humidity apparatus for use in the experi- mental study of insects. T. A. Brindley & C. H. Richardson, la. State College, Jour. Sci. V, No. 4, pp. 211-221, 1931. Dec., 1932] Beck: Diptera 499 from the low temperature box and subjected to the above tests. The same procedure was continued until February 3, 1931. On January 7, 1931, the first fly emerged. On the succeeding days regular emergence took place at the various humidities, continuing until the last of April, when very few flies remained. Although preliminary, these tests indicate that humidity plays an important role in determining the percentage of adult emer- gence and it may be tentatively said with reference to R. suavis that the greater the percentage relative humidity, temperature remaining constant, the greater will be the emergence. 500 Journal New York Entomological Society [ Vol. x \i PLATE XXI Figure (1) shows graphically the per cent, emergence of the various lots (December 4, December 19, January 3, etc.) at the respective humidities. In Figure 2 is shown the mean percentage emergence for the entire group at the different humidities, i.e., the number of flies emerging regardless of the date removed from the low temperature chamber. % Emergence ^ % Emergence (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL (Plate XXI) % fto/afrve Nurn/d/ty 502 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL BOOK NOTICE In Bays Agone. By W. S. Blatchley, Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis, 1932. 338 pp., 15 plates. In this volume Mr. Blatchley has given, in diary form, notes on the flora and fauna of Florida, as he saw it in several jour- neys from 1911 to 1922. Visitors to Florida will find it inter- esting in its descriptions of the wilderness of twenty years ago ; entomologists will appreciate the detailed accounts of the in- sects, many of which proved to be new species, which inhabited the then almost inaccessible regions into which Dr. Blatchley penetrated ; but, most of all, true naturalists will rejoice in the possession of a book which discloses, between the paragraphs of scientific accuracy, the ardor which drove the author to seek continually new fields of research. Despite the physical fatigue and discomforts entailed by his journeys, despite the neuritis which caused the book to be written by the disabled author “ propped up with cushions” (as we learn from a personal letter) he says “I spent many happy days in field and wood- land, gathering first-hand knowledge of birds and reptiles, of insects and plants.” The book, as a record of those “happy days,” will be understandingly read by all who have had sim- ilar happy days afield; with admiration also for the author’s ability to use his “first-hand knowledge” in the compilation of such useful books as his famous “Beetles of Indiana” his Orthoptera of North-Eastern America,” the “Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America” and the Rhynchophora or Weevils of North America. In 1931 Dr. Blatchley published “My Nature Nook,” being notes on the natural history of the vicinity of Dunedin, Florida, where he has his winter home. “In Day’s Agone” he treats of the natural history as observed in the southern part of the state, reserving for a future volume his observations made in Royal Palm Park since 1923. We trust it may be possible for Dr. Blatchley to complete this series of volumes that will no doubt increase in interest with the passing years. — Charles W. Leng and Wm. T. Davis. Dec., 1932] Decker: Epiblema 503 BIOLOGY OF THE BIDENS BORER, EPIBLEMA OTIOSANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA, OLETHREUTID7E)* By George C. Decker Ames, Iowa The bidens borer ( Epiblema otiosana Clem.), a species indige- nous to that portion of the United States lying east of the 100th meridian, is generally regarded as having little or no economic importance. It is, however, of considerable interest because it is an important insect enemy of a group of noxious weeds known as beggar ticks and, also, because it serves as a reservoir for im- portant parasites of several injurious insects. Host Plants The larvae of this species normally feed within the stems of various species of Bidens. The writer has collected the borers from Bidens frondosa L., B. cernua L., B. connata Muhl. and B. vulgata Greene. It seems probable, therefore, that the larvae will develop in still other species of this genus. Overwintering larvae of the bidens borer were also taken from stalks of Ambrosia trifida L., Chenopodium album L., Solidago spp., Amaranthus retrofiexus L., Polygonum spp., Typha sp., and Carex sp., but in all cases it was quite evident that these plants were merely serving as shelter for larvae that had wan- dered from their host and had then sought refuge in any suit- able medium available. In one instance (in a plant of Ambrosia trifida) the presence of excrement indicated larval feeding had taken place but in all other cases the material in the burrow con- sisted of dry frass that had been ejected from the mouth. Heinrich1 lists Bidens frondosa, Polygonum and Ambrosia as food plants and it seems probable, therefore, that under certain conditions the borer breeds in plants other than Bidens spp. * Journal Paper No. B41 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. 1 Heinrich, C. Revision of the North American Moths of the Sub-family Eucosmince of the family Olethreutidce. U. S. N. M. Bull. 123, p. 154, 1923. 504 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Ecological Considerations The bidens borer is quite naturally most abundant in low swampy areas and around lakes and streams where the Bidens plants are most abundant. It is not restricted, however, to these areas as many infestations have been found in Bidens vidgata on comparatively high and dry ground. Moisture (rainfall) seems to be an important factor in induc- ing pupation of the overwintering larvae. In the spring of 1927 a large number of Bidens plants containing borers were collected and divided into three lots. The first received normal rainfall ; the second was protected from rain until June 20, when it was sprinkled with water and thereafter subjected to normal rain- fall; and the third was kept dry until July 1. In the first case there was a normal emergence of moths beginning June 4, whereas in the second case pupation was greatly delayed, and emergence did not begin until July 9, and in the third case pupation did not occur. Toward the latter part of June most of the larvae in this lot shriveled up and died. It should also be noted that no parasites issued from the third lot, whereas the first and second lots showed 62 and 54 per cent, parasitism, respectively. On December 20, 1926' a number of larvae were taken from plants that had been submerged in water and were frozen in the ice. In most cases water had entered the burrow and the borers were frozen in small cakes of clear ice. When this ice was melted and the larvae gradually brought to room temperature they became active and crawled about in a normal manner. Early in February, larvae taken from plants that had been sub- merged for about two months were alive and apparently healthy. Seasonal History In Iowa the adults, developing from overwintering larvae, begin to appear about the last of May and emergence continues until nearly the end of June. During the fore part of July the moths are usually scarce, but near the end of the month a second period of emergence begins and from that time until late in October the moths are always present. There are, however, two definite periods of maximum abundance. The first, which is the Dec., 1932] Decker: Epiblema 505 largest, occupies the fore part of August, and the other occurs early in September. Thus, in the latitude of Iowa there appears to be three generations of Epiblema otiosana each year. One comes nearer stating the actual facts, however, by saying that there are two main broods and a small or partial third brood. Only the offspring from the moths emerging early in the season reach maturity in time to allow two broods to follow. At the same time it should be noted that the offspring of the last moths to emerge from the overwintering brood do not reach the adult stage until about the first of September and in this case there is barely time for the larvae of the second generation to reach ma- turity in time to go into hibernation. Life History and Habits pupa There is nothing particularly distinctive about the pupa of this species. It is about one-half an inch, or slightly less, in length and varies according to age from light brown to chocolate brown in color. The abdominal segments are armed with trans- verse rows of minute spines which are used by the pupa in mov- ing about in the burrow. Pupation of the summer generations occurs within the stems of the Bidens plant. In the spring pupation occurs within the winter quarters of the larva. The length of the pupal stage varies from 7 to 17 days and averages 11.2 days. As a rule pupae of the overwintering brood and those of the second and third broods developing in Septem- ber and October spend from 12 to 17 days in the pupal stage, whereas those of the summer broods spend only 8 or 9 days in this stage. The overwintered larvae normally pupate during late May and early June. The earliest recorded date for this brood was May 22, 1927, and the latest, June 29, 1927. Pupation of the first summer brood begins about July 20 and continues until late August; however, after the middle of August pupae are always present in the field, and without knowing the history of the indi- vidual it is impossible to say whether it belongs to the first or second generation. 506 Journal New York Entomological Society [Voi. XL ADULTS The adult is a small gray to grayish-black moth with charac- teristic white markings. It is about the size of a codling moth, which it somewhat resembles in shape and posture. As already mentioned the moths are practically always present during the summer months with periods of maximum abundance occurring in June, August and September. The moths are nocturnal in habit, and during the day they remain hidden on the under side of leaves where they are seldom seen. When disturbed they are easily flushed and fly somewhat freely to the protection of another weed patch. Emergence occurs largely at night and mating usually takes place the first or second night following emergence. Egg deposition normally begins about dusk anywhere from the second to the fifth night after the emergence of the adult female. The oviposition period averages about 6 days in length and as a rule eggs are deposited each day during the period, with the greater number of eggs being deposited during the first two or three days. The largest number of eggs secured from a single female was 272 and the lowest 11. In captivity the moths nearly always laid less than 50 or more than 200 eggs, showing that the normal complement was between 200 and 250 eggs, but that for some reason about one-half of the moths refused to oviposit normally in cages ; per- haps this also occurs in the field. The length of life for female moths was 9 to 18 days and for males 5 to 11 days. The males frequently died within 24 hours after mating. EGG The eggs are flat or scale-like, oval or elliptical in shape, and opaque white in color when laid. Within two days, however, they become somewhat transparent and two distinct red spots appear within each egg. The day before hatching the red spots vanish and the dark head of the now fully formed larva becomes the outstanding visible characteristic of the egg. The eggs are deposited singly or in groups of two or three upon the leaves of the host plant. In the field about 75 per cent, of the eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves, whereas in cages they are deposited at random upon the sides of the cage and all parts of the plant. Dec., 1932] Decker: Epiblema 507 The incubation period occupied from 4.5 to 15 days, depend- ing upon the temperature. During the fore part of June, 1927, the eggs were exposed to a mean daily temperature of about 63° F. and required 15 days to hatch, whereas eggs deposited on July 9 of the same year received a mean daily temperature of ap- proximately 80° F. and hatched in 4.5 days. Throughout the summer the mean temperature was about 74° F. and the aver- age length of the incubation period was 6.1 days. LARVA The mature larva (Fig. 1) is about two-thirds of an inch long, yellowish-white in color and marked with fairly conspicuous Figure 1. Mature larva of Epiblema otiosana (Clem.). dark or blackish pinacula. Its head is amber or dark brown and the thoracic and anal shields yellowish-brown in color. The number of larval instars varied from 5 to 7 but the ma- jority of the larva completed development in 5 instars. Suc- cessive head capsule measurement (width) for larvae having 5 instars were : 0.262 mm., 0.421 mm., 0.625 mm., 0.907 mm., and 1.30 mm. For those larvae having more than 5 instars the head capsule width of the various instars was somewhat reduced. Variations in temperature from week to week produced marked variations in the length of the individual stadia and in the total length of the larval stage. In general, however, the first three or four stadia were about equal in length and the last two were somewhat longer than those preceding. The total length of the larval stage varied from 24 to 44 days and averaged 29.8 days. A glance at Table 1 will show the influence of temperature upon the length of the larval period. Larvae hatching June 28, and July 7, 1929, were favored by normal July weather (72.9° F.) and reached maturity in 27 and 28 days respectively, whereas larvae hatching July 22 and 31 encountered an unusually cool August (3.8° below average) and their larval period was ex- tended to 33 and 36 days. Following the low temperatures in Observations on the Length and Sequence of Life Cycles of Epiblema otiosana (Clem.) at Ames, Iowa 508 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL No. aver- aged cd -iti cd co cd oo i— 1 i— 1 i— 1 03 i—l i— 1 Length of life cycle t" CO CO tH Cd. . -tH Cd 04 lO 00 H r-j Cd 1-i OS co’ os" id co’ © id t H os’ 10^10 Tfl Pupal stage (days) O lO tH NOIMNH^H O lO CD H i—l tu'msioh^ o os’ oo os’ ©’ cd* © o’ ©’ oo oo co i-h i— li— It— It— IHt— IiHi— 1 r— 1 i— 1 i— 1 H rl i— 1 i— 1 Date adults emerged os co co i— i co contjiqoxo --h co cci i—l I CCIrHrH ^ i-H Cd Cd ^ Cd GQ i-H H - rfl T-l CQ’iH i — 1 CCI CCI H CCI i—l H bilbi) bi)b bi) bi) b£> ho l-ol-S^I-sl-sh-s oo h cd in m qo Cd rH Cd CdCd 1 — 1 Cd CO 1 — 1 Cd 1— 1 § bb § § bb « ^^b^^pn % -<1 <1 I© N N b- Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd os"1 0" o' ocT r-T r-T cd1 o' i-T cd*' icT tF cd" cd" co'- 1 — 1 CO 1 — 1 Cd Cd H Cd 1 — 1 Cd Cd 1— 1 § p b b § rbb § &i> ^b ^ ^"cL "qj <1 <1 HS <1 <1 GQ G G Genera- tion Over-winter Average ... First Average ... Second Average ... Third Only partial pupation occurred. Some larvae went into hibernation. Dec., 1932] Decker: Epiblema 509 August came unseasonably warm days (mean daily temperature above 80° F.) in early September and the duration of the larval stage for larvae hatching August 25 was reduced to 26 days. Upon hatching, the young larvae of the first generation enter the plant as leaf miners or as bud worms. After feeding for two or three days within the leaves or buds they migrate and burrow into the main stem or into one of the larger lateral branches. Feeding within the stem the larva spirals downward so that the spiral burrow practically girdles the plant and the top immediately wilts. Decomposition starts and moves steadily down the plant behind the advancing larva which is moving downward at the rate of from one to one and one-half inches per day. Usually the first plant (if a seedling) is killed within a week or ten days, whereupon the larva migrates to another plant. Young larvas of the second and third generations feed for several days in the buds, blossoms or seed heads of the plant. The second or third instar larvas migrate to the main stems and proceed downward as before. By this time, however, the plants are quite sturdy and the larva may feed for sometime before the plant is seriously injured. In preparation for pupation the mature larva drops to the bot- tom of the burrow and partitions off the upper part of the burrow with a plug of silk and frass. It then prepares an exit hole for the resulting moth, just below the plug, by removing the woody parts of the stem and leaving only the epidermis of the stem intact. Natural Enemies Four species of Diptera: Lixophaga variabilis Coq., Muscina stabulans Fall., Masicera semlis Mg. and Sarcophaga cimbicis Tns., and six species of Hymenoptera : Bassus simillimus (Cress.) , Epiuris pterophori (Ashm.), Microbracon caulicola Gahn., Apan- teles harti Vier., Microbracon lutus (Prov.) and Macracentrus sp. were reared as parasites from the larvas of Epiblema otiosana. At times the combined efforts of these species resulted in seventy- five to eighty per cent parasitism of the borers collected in the field. It is of interest to note that several of the parasites of this borer are also the natural enemies of some other stalk borers including such destructive species as: Papaipema nebris (Gn.), Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubn.), and Macronoctua onusta Grote. 510 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL EURYMUS EURYTHEME IN MAINE A note by the writer appeared in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society (Dec. 1929) regarding the un- usual appearance of Eurymus eury theme Bdv., at Ithaca, N. Y. This southern butterfly appeared in Maine during the summer of 1932. Five females and one male were taken during late August and September at Bar Harbor, Mt. Desert Island. Collectors took three specimens and saw three or more additional ones dur- ing July and August in the Penobscot Valley about Lincoln and Enfield. This locality is north of the 45th parallel. Two speci- mens were seen by a collector near Northfield, about twenty miles from the New Brunswick border in southeastern Maine. Dr, A. E. Brower. Dec., 1932] Weiss: Entomology 511 THE ENTOMOLOGY OF THE “ ORBIS PICTUS ” OF JOHN AMOS COMENIUS TOGETHER WITH NOTES ON SEVERAL EARLY, AMERICAN, ENTOMOLOGICAL JUVENILES By Harry B. Weiss New Brunswick, N. J. It is doubtful if many entomologists are familiar with the ele- mentary entomology found in the ‘ ‘ Orbis Pictus, ’ ’ the first chil- dren ’s picture book, written by Comenius, the eminent educator of the seventeenth century, and published in 1657. For a hun- dred years and more, this was a popular text-book in Europe and mothers instructed their children from its text and pictures. The first edition was published at Nuremberg, and a little later (1658) it was translated into English by Charles Hoole. In 1812 it was republished in America. The author had very definite aims in mind when he wrote his book. He wanted to please the children with the pictures so that they would be happy to go to school. He wanted to arouse their attention and to take “especially flickering wits and prepare them for deeper studies.” In his preface, he dwells at some length on how his book should be used in schools and it is evident from his remarks and advice that his practices contained the be- ginnings of systems later connected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. The scope of the book may be determined by reading the title page of the 1728 London edition that accompanies these notes. The chief things of the world include animals, plants, minerals, fishes, the heavens, air, water, etc., and the employments of men cover hunting, fishing, cooking, merchandising, the tormenting of malefactors, fencing, and so many more that Comenius’ “Or- bis Sensualium Pictus” is indeed “a world of things obvious to the senses drawn in pictures. ’ ’ 512 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Joh. Amos Comenii Orbis Sensualium Pictus: HOC EST Omnium principalium in Mundo Rerum, & in Vita Actionum, PlCTURA & NOMENCLATURA. Joh. Amos Comenius’s VISIBLE WORLD: OR, A Nomenclature, and Pictures OF ALL THE Chief Things that are in the World, and of Mens Employments therein; In above 150 Copper Cuts. WRITTEN By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being one of his last Essays ; and the most suitable to Chib drens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. Translated into English By Charle.s Hoole, M. A. For the Use of Young Latin Scholars. The Eleyektii Edition Corrected, and t^e English made to answer Word for Word to the Latin. Nihil est in intellectu , quod nonprius fuitin sensu. Arist. London ; Printed for, and sold by yohn and Benj. Sprint, at the Bell in Little Britain , 1728. Reproduction of title page of the 1728 London edition of the ‘ ‘ Orbis Pictus. ’ ’ Dec., 1932] Weiss: Entomology 513 Two chapters or parts are devoted to entomology — such as it is— XXV, to “ Flying Vermin’’ and XXXII to “Crawling Ver- min. ’ ’ These parts are reproduced as follows. The numbers in the text refer to the various insects in the illustrations. Flying Vermin XXV Insecta volantia The Bee , 1. maketh honey which the Drone, 2 devour- eth. The Wasp, 3. and the Hornet, 4. molest with a sting ; and the Gad-Bee (or Breese) , 5. especially Cattel; but the Fly, 6. and the Gnat, 7. us. The Cricket, 8. singeth The Butterfly, 9. is a winged Caterpillar. The Beetle, 10. covereth her wings with Cases. The Glow-worm, 11. shineth by night. Apis, 1. facit mel quod Fucus, 2. depascit Vespa, 3. & Crabro, 4. infestant oculeo ; & Oestrum (Asilus). 5. imprimis pecus. autum Musca, 6. & Culex, 7. nos. Gryllus, 8. cantillat. Papillio, 9. est alata Eruca. Scarabceus, 10. tegit alas vaginis. Cicindela Lampyris, 11. nitet noctu. 514 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Crawling- Vermin XXXII Insecta repentia Worms gnaw things The Earth-worm, 1. the Earth. The Caterpillar, 2. the Plant. The Grasshopper, 3. the Fruits. The Mite, 4. the Corn. The Timber- worm, 5. Wood The Moth, 6. a garment The Book-worm, 7. a Book. Maggots, 8. Flesh and Cheese. Hand-worms, the Hair The skipping Flea, 9. the Lowse, 10. and the stinking Wall-louse, 11. bite us The Tike, 12. is a blood sucker. The Bilk-worm, 13. maketh silk. The Pismire, 14. is painful. The Spider, 14. weaveth a Cobweb, net for flies. The Snail, 16. carrieth about her Snail horn. Vermes, rodunt res. Lumbricus, 1. terram. Eruca, 2. plantam. Cicada, 3. Fruges. Circulio, 4. Frumenta. Teredo (cossis), 5. Ligna. Tinea, 6. vestem. Blatta, 7. Librum. Termites, 8 carnem & caseum. Acari, Capillum. Saltans Pidex, 9. Pediculus, 10. foetans Cimex, 11. mordent nos. Ricinus, 12. sanguisgus est. Bombyx, 13. facis sericum. Formica, 14. est laboriosa. Aranea, 15. texit Araneum, retia muscis. Cochlea, 16. circumfert testam. Dec., 1932] Weiss: Entomology 515 These two extracts will furnish one with a good idea of the plan of the entire work, although in justice it should be stated that the pictures of the insects are worse than those of any other objects in the book. I am sure that the illustrations of the ‘ ‘ skip- ping flea,” the “lowse” and other ‘‘crawling-vermin” did not “entice witty children” to them, nor did they “serve to stir up the attention.” Regardless of the lack of technical skill of the artist, if we ex- cept the entomological drawings which are meaningless, the illus- trations are quaint and entertaining and no doubt amused and instructed the children. Among the numerous titles which circulated in the American nursery of long ago, we find certain ones on natural history. Many such books appeared after Goldsmith’s “Animated Na- ture” had paved the way and made nature .stories popular. In fact Goldsmith is supposed to have written, at the request of Newbery, such books as the anonymous “Jacky Dandy’s De- light; or the History of Birds and Beasts in Verse and Prose” and “Tommy Trip’s History of Beasts and Birds.” Gradually the number of natural history books increased; many were reprints of English accounts, and the publishers in America showed little or no originality. The same texts and illustrations in some instances were used over and over, the only changes being in the title pages and imprints. It may be of in- terest to mention some of the titles of these nature books, such as the “Children’s History of Birds and Beasts” from the Sand- bornton Press (1836) ; the “Natural History of Animals,” pub- lished by Boyd and White, Concord, N. H. (1839), and by S. H. Colesworthy, of Portland, Me. ; ‘ ‘ Trip ’s History of Beasts ; being a trifle for a good boy” printed by E. & E. Hosford, Albany, N. Y. (1818) ; “ A History of Birds for the use of children,” published by Rufus Merrill, Concord, N. H. (1843) ; “The History of Ani- mals,” published by J. Babcock and Son, New Haven, Conn. (1824), these being toy-books of from 8 to 32 pages and about 2i" x 3^" in size. Then there were the more ambitious ones such as “The Child’s Book of Nature,” published by Carter, An- drews, & Company, of Lancaster, Pa., with its colored plates; 516 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL abcdefghijklm NOPQRSTU y wx yz. abcdefghijklmnop q t s 1 u v w x y z. ABODE FG HI JKL MNOPQRSTU V WX YZ. nhcdejghijklmn o j> qrstuv w x y z. fiflil ffl ffl -fijlffffiffl- 123456789 0. Inside of front cover and title page of the 1821 edition of ‘ ‘ The History of Insects. ’ ’ the “Book of Birds,” published by R. Merrill, Concord, N. H. (1851), running to 24 pages and of almost pamphlet size, 4x6 inches, and ‘ ‘ A Concise Natural History of Birds, ” of 36 pages (S^xbl"), published in Boston, Mass., by Thomas B. Wait and Co., and Charles Williams about 1817. Nor should Bewick’s “Quarupeds” be forgotten. As a rule the natural history books were generously illustrated, sometimes with engravings verging on the grotesque, but more often just dowdy. The smaller ones frequently carried a page devoted to the alphabet, and many were encased in colored wrap- pers, blue, yellow and green seeming to predominate. One branch of natural history, however, was somewhat neg- lected. This was entomology. Toy-books about insects were, ap- parently, not numerous, probably because of the specialized nature of the subject and probably because of the little public THE History of Insects, Au.l Cod made avery tiling that creepeth upon the eat ill. Gtn-i. 25 NEW YORK iCTHMbHFO R V SAMUM. WOOU & SOW?, NO. 261, PKMil.-STRSIC'S’i Aid Samuel $. Wood Si Co. tier S»2. Market nt. Jialtiinore. H>VWVW 1821. Dec., 1932] Weiss: Entomology 517 interest in that particular branch of natural history. Neverthe- less a few toy-books on insects managed to circulate along with their more popular neighbors, those on birds and mammals. In 1816 Samuel Wood & Sons printed and sold at their juvenile book store, 357 Pearl Street, New York, a toy-book of 28 pages (4" x 2-J") entitled “The History of Insects.” After a quota- tion from Barbauld and a short introduction designed to impress one with the wonders of insects, fourteen examples are treated graphically and textually. Included therein are such common insects as the grasshopper, the cricket, the flea, the louse, the honey-bee, the dragon-fly and ants, and such uncommon ones, at least in this climate, as the elephant beetle, and the scorpion, which latter creature, of course, is not an insect. In the ac- counts, there is an attempt to supply facts of an interesting kind, but from an entomological view-point the statements are fright- fully elementary and not always correct. However, this perhaps did not detract from the pleasure which the youthful readers ob- tained from handling the tiny books, and reading the accounts of something which perhaps they had already noted in the fields. The accounts are didactic in the extreme and have none of the unconscious humor which is so apparent in the text of some of our early toy-books. The number of editions of the Samuel Wood & Sons’ “History of Insects” is not known, nor is it known if the “History” ap- peared before 1816. However, in 1821 Samuel Wood & Sons, of 261 Pearl Street, and Samuel S. Wood & Co., No. 212 Market Street, Baltimore, published a “History of Insects” which, ex- cept for the changed imprint on the title page and the addition of covers (including various alphabets on page 2 of the cover), is identical with the 1816 edition. Perhaps the 1816 edition at one time had covers, in which event the two editions differ but slightly. About 1860 Bailey & Noyes, of Portland, Maine, published “The History of Insects ”eas one of a series of twelve titles. This is a little sixteen-page, paper-covered book measuring 3f x 2\ inches. It contains fewer accounts than the Wood “History of Insects,” but the text of these is the same as the text in the Wood 518 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL l) ELEPHANT-BEETLE i GRASSHOPPER. The elephant-beetle is the larg- est of this kind hitherto known, and is found in South America, particularly in Guiana, about the rivers Surinam, and Oroonoko. It is of a black colour, and the whole body is covered with a shell, full as thick and as strong as that of a small crab. There is one preserved in the museum that measures more than six inches. Grasshoppers are too common to need description, as they a- bound almost wherever there is green grass. One summer only is tfieir period of life ; they are hatched in the spring, and die in the fall ; previous to which, they deposite their eggs in the earth, which the genial warmth of the next season brings to life. They are food for many of the feather- ed race- Pages 6 and 7 of the 1821 edition of “The History of Insects.” editions. The illustrations are different and much weaker than the Wood illustrations. The specimen pages of these nursery books on insects, shown herewith, illustrate the character of the pictures and the entomo- logical content of the text. They are both crude and elementary, and sometimes misleading, but perhaps they served a purpose in amusing and instructing the children and in stimulating their interest in natural history. As for their mistakes, most of us carry through life an amazing amount of misinformation on vari- ous topics, picked up through diverse channels and from various sources. Dec., 1932] Cockerell: Bees 519 BEES COLLECTED BY CHARLES DARWIN ON THE VOYAGE OF THE “ BEAGLE ” By T. D. A. Cockerell Several years ago I noticed among the undetermined bees in the Hope Museum at Oxford two species of Halictus collected by Charles Darwin. Last summer, being again in Oxford, I made descriptions of these, with the kind permission of Professor E. B. Poulton. One specimen, a female, was collected at Sydney, N. S. W. ; the other, a male, came from Hobart Town, Tasmania. Both are black species of ordinary appearance. I went through all the collection of Australian Halictus in the British Museum, but neither of Darwin’s species was represented. Returning home, I similarly went over my own collection, and found that the male differed in no essential respects, so far as I could make out, from Halictus repertus Cockerell. The female I was still unable to place, nor could I identify it with any of the few' spe- cies absent both from my collection and that of the British Mu- seum. If it seems singular that a bee collected at Sydney so long ago should still be new, it must be remembered that very little attention has ever been paid to Halictus in New South Wales, the list of species knowm from that state being very much shorter than the lists for Tasmania, Victoria or Queensland. In fact, when I was in the vicinity of Sydney I caught only a single spe- cies of Halictus, and it proved to be new. This was in 1928. Halictus (Evylaeus) darwiniellus new species. $. Black; anterior wing 6.6 mm. long; scape long, flagellum ferruginous beneath except basally ; hair of head and thorax in poor condition, but pale ; head rather large, ordinary, orbits converging below; clypeus convex, shin- ing, with sparse puncturqs, the upper part with a shining median groove; supraclypeal area dull, top of head unusually narrow anteroposteriorly ; cheeks) poorly developed, in lateral profile not as wide as eyes; meso thorax convex, with no distinct median groove, moderately shining, with very nu- merous minute punctures; scutellum shining and finely punctured, basal area of mesothorax large, dull and granular, at sides with distinct though delicate plicae, and a little shining; posterior truncation not sharply bor- 520 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL dered, seen from behind there is a transverse thickening in the middle at upper border ; mesopleura dully minutely punctured ; tegulae very dark brown, almost black, shining; wings greyish; stigma large, dull brown; nervures pale brown, outer recurrent and intercubitus very pale and weak; basal nervure very strongly bent, falling considerably short of nervulus; second cubital cell broad, much broadened below, receiving first recurrent nervure near to end; third cubital cell about or nearly as broad as first on marginal cell, and broadened below, receiving second recurrent nervure well before end; legs black, tarsi rufous at apex; hair on innerside of hind basitarsi light yellowish; hind tibiae with shining silvery whitish hair on both sides, but a broad band of dark chocolate posteriorly; abdomen broad, moderately shining, very finely and quite closely punctured; apical depres- sions of tergites broad, slightly brownish, in middle of second tergite quite or almost asi broad as elevated part, and on third tergite broader than the elevated part; second and third tergites with basal bands of white tomen- tum, failing in middle; fourth tergite with a broad entire speckled band; apex with greyish brown hair; venter with white hair, not forming a scopa. Sydney, N. S. W. ( Charles Darwin). I use the diminutive form for the .specific name, not only on account of the small size of the insect, but also because there is in South America a “dar- wini” belonging to the Halictinae. The wing is about as long as that of T. lanarius Smith, but that species (type examined) has a highly polished supraclypeal area, no groove on upper part of clypeus, area of metathorax dif- ferent, and .stigma red. H. ollitus Smith, which has a shining supraclypeal area, has a very dark stigma. H. repraesentans Smith has a quite different metathoracie area. H. imitans Ckll. is much too small. H. asperithorax Ckll. is closely allied, with the same sort of metathoracie area, and wings similar, but the dull mesothorax and the abdomen differ. H. gilesi Ckll. has quite a different metathoracie area. H. granulithorax Ckll. dif- fers in the mesothorax, etc. H. griseovittatus Ckll. differs by the metathoracie area, more coarsely punctured mesothorax, etc. H. supralucens Ckll. has a polished supraclypeal area and pol- ished apical part of metathoracie area. Halictus repertus Cockerell $ . Black ; anterior wing about 4 mm. long ; head practically circular seen from in front; scape short, shining black; flagellum very long, sub- moniliform, black, appearing greyish below; front entirely dull, supracly- peal area elevated, shining ; clypus dullish, about the lower half light yellow, Dec., 1932] Cockerell: Bees 521 the yellow angularly produced in middle above; face with white hair; man- dibles partly rufous, but black at base; mesothorax convex, shining, finely punctured, with a median groove only in front; scutellum shining, finely punctured, not bigibbous ; area of metathorax with strong but rather delicate radiating plicae ; posterior face margined at sides ; tegulae small, shining, very dark brown; wings hyaline, stigma large, very dilute yellowish brown; nervures pale but outer recurrent and intercubitus not especially weakened; basal nervure falling far short of nervulus; second cubital cell very narrow, receiving first recurrent nervure before end ; third cubital cell broad, strongly bulging outward; legs black, with white hairs, tarsi yellowish- fulvous, becoming dark apically; abdomen shining, very finely punctured, margins of tergites narrowly rufous ; no hair bands or spots. Hobart Town, Tasmania ( Charles Darwin). Compared with some other Tasmanian males, H. baudimi Ckll. is much larger; H. isthmalis Ckll. differs in color of tibiae; H. bassi Ckll. and H. blighi Ckll. have the face dark; H. boweni Ckll, has darkened wings. H. repertus was described from Victoria ; one might expect the Tasmanian form to be racially distinct, but several species ( H . seductus Ckll., H. opacicollis Ckll., H. orbatus Smith, H. imitans Ckll., H. ery thrums Ckll., H. cyclognathus Ckll.) occur both in Tasmania and Victoria, and apparently remain unmodified. The separation of Tasmania from Victoria is of quite recent date, geo- logically speaking. In typical H. repertus, the end of the ab- domen has a red rounded plate, which I did not notice in the Dar- win specimen, but it was probably somewhat retracted. There is in the British Museum another Australian bee which may possibly have come from the “ Beagle ” expedition, but the accession book only shows that it was “ bought at Mr. Children’s sale” in 1840. It has a very curious history, as follows: Reepenia testacea (Smith) Tetralonia testacea F. Smith. Cat. Hymenop. Ins. British Mu- seum. Part Part II, Apidae (1854), p. 301. Africa. Nomia testacea (Smith) Cockerell. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, vol. iv. Oct., 1909. p. 311. Nomia (Reepenia) eboracina Cockerell. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, vol. ix. 1912, p. 377. Cape York, Queensland ( Froggatt ). 522 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Beepenia eboracina Cockerell. Mem. Queensland Mustum, vii. (1921) p. 81. In the catalogue from Children’s sale, it is marked “ Halictus, Africa, ’ ’ and while this is incorrect as to the, genus, it is nearer than Smith’s assignment. The specimens never came from Africa, of course, but evidently were obtained by some expedition which visited Australia, and also Africa on the way home. The following details are from the male type of B. testacea: Eyes large ; face narrow, entirely fulvous, ocelli large ; anten- nae long, slender, fulvous, dusky toward apex; area of meta- thorax plicatulate, but sharply margined, posterior truncation covered with long hair ; tegulae rather large, clear ruf otestaceous ; second cubital cell about square, receiving first recurrent nervure at about beginning of last third ; basal nervure strongly arched, falling short of nervulus ; stigma quite large ; marginal cell rather pointed ; a strong tubercle at each side of scutellum ; hind legs simple ; depression of first tergite very short, of others large ; ab- domen oval, shining dark reddish. The hind wing has a stigma, a character which is unique in Beepenia. One specimen shows the mouth parts, resembling those of Nomia, not at all of Tetra- lonia. Prom the appearance of this bee, I feel confident that it must be nocturnal, but I have no actual evidence on this point. The name Nomia frieseana Cockerell ( friesei Cockerell, not Ma- gretti) was proposed for the African Nomia testacea Friese. This will stand if we agree with Friese in treating Beepenia as a sub- genus of Nomia . I consider Beepenia a valid genus, and shall recognize the name Nomia testacea Friese as valid. Dec., 1932] Stollmeyer : Morpho 523 NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF MORPHO PELEIDES INSULARIS FRUHSTORFER* By C. Rex Stollmeyer A female was captured at Curucaye, in the Santa Cruz valley, Trinidad, B. W. L, on March 26, 1929. An egg was obtained at 4 : 15 p. m. by pressing the abdomen. The egg measured 2 milli- meters in diameter and was hemispherical in shape. The color was uniformly light emerald green. March 27 : Brown ring appears about half way on the egg ; per- fect circle in form but having breaks at regular intervals. Color of egg remains light emerald green. March 28: Ring darker and breaks show very clearly. March 29: No apparent change. March 30: Top of egg appears somewhat dark as though the for- mation of the head of the caterpillar was taking place. March 31: Light emerald green color disappearing and bottom of the egg getting whiter. April 1: Very much paler in color and light brown spot form- ing close to and above a break in the circle. April 2: Distinct dark brown mark showing near to and above ring which appears to be the head. April 3: Egg very dark in places; towards evening outlines of caterpillar easily discernible. April 4: Top of egg almost black and form of insect very ap- parent. Caterpillar emerged about 9 : 45 p. m. Length one-fourth inch; dark brown head with black hairs com- ing over the top from behind ; body dark brown with three rectangular yellow markings on the back; a line of dark along either side of the body just above the legs. April 5: The food plant is prabobly Tanaecium crucigerum, belonging to the family Bignoniacese. Very sluggish all day ; took a very small section, not larger than the top of a large pin, out of the leaf. * Mr. W. J. Kaye has given a brief life history, from notes obtained from Mr. T. Potter of Trinidad, in Memoirs of The Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago, 1921, No. 2, pp. 47 and 48. 524 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL April 6: Seemed to have more life and ate more; rests under the leaf and remains in one place for hours at a time without moving. April 7 : Growing fairly fast and eating well. Moves only when ready to eat. April 8: Measured one-half inch today. April 9: Took photograph No. 1, 15 days from time of taking the egg, and five days after emerging from egg.# April 19-12: No apparent change. April 13: About to make first moult and remained in same posi- tion all day. During the evening the head capsule began to come off. April 14: First moult completed. Insect now has larger head with many more hairs behind the head, red in thickest part and a single row of white behind. Length one-half inch. White hairs come from both sides of the body with odd ones covering the entire insect on top and sides ; color deep red directly behind the head followed by yellow then red again forming a large spot on the back about the cen- ter from which come two tufts of red hair pointing towards the tail at an angle of about 45 degrees. Very in- tricate markings and lines all over body in yellows, reds, browns. Ate nothing all day. April 15: Found a good part eaten out of the leaf (about one- fourth inch square) in the morning and more eaten in the late evening. The food plant does not last for any length of time and it has to be replenished at least every two days. As soon as the water becomes stale the leaves dry up and turn black. They bruise very easily turning black wherever creased or crushed. April 16: Insect measures nearly three-fourths inch in size now. April 17: Eats well now and still remains under the leaf, occa- sionally on the top, for long periods of time without mov- ing. April 18-20: No apparent change. April 21 : Insect shows signs of second moult. April 22 : Second moult started ; head capsule coming off. * Photographs numbers 1, 2, and 3 show two larvae. The records here given are of the smaller. Dec., 1932] Stollmeyer: Morpho 525 April 23: Moulted for second time. Length one inch. Head has long fine white hairs coming over from behind — not very thick — front of head has deep coloured claret hairs as also on top. There are two markings of yellow on the back; the first pear shaped with two tufts of red hairs leaning towards the tail at the bottom of the “pear.” Then follow thin lines of red and yellow curving in, then out, to form another yellow mark in the shape of an ob- long. This second yellow marking has two tufts of red hairs leaning towards the tail similar to those of the first mark. Near the tail and about a quarter of the distance from the first tuft and second tuft there is another pair of red tufts of hair. Near the end of the insect there are many red and white hairs mixed together on either side of four parallel pairs of straight lines. Hairs (white) line both sides of the body above the legs. In front of head there is an inverted “Y” in yellow, the remainder being deep claret. April 24 : Seemed to have grown considerably overnight ; it is now almost one and one-fourth inches. April 25: Took picture No. 2, 31 days after getting egg, and 21 days after emerging from egg. April 26: Insect eating well and remaining under leaf most of the time. April 27-May 2: No apparent change. May 3: About to moult for the third time. May 4 : Still in process of moulting ; head capsule coming off. May 5: Moulted for third time. Insect nearly twTo inches long and very fine looking. May 6-11 : No apparent change. May 12: Took photograph No. 3 of both larvae. The record is of the smaller larva, which is now 38 days old. May 13-16: No apparent change. May 17: About to moult for fourth time. Very sluggish; moves very little and eating at long intervals only. May 18: Still moulting; head capsule slowly coming off, and in- sect seems to shrink. May 19: Still moulting ; head capsule nearly off. 526 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL May 20: Moulted for fourth time. Over two inches, about two and one-fourth inches in length ; and very beautiful in ap- pearance. Hairs, deep claret and white cover the body, which is yellow and deep red. A distinct “ Y” in yellow marks the front of the head, from which small coarse bris- tles protrude. Two sets of tufts of hair (deep red) come from each third of the way down the body. May 21: Eating well. May 2 2- June 3: No apparent change. June 4: Nearly two and three-fourths inches in length and one- half inch in width. June 5-7: No apparent change. June 8: Becoming very sluggish and losing much of its brilliant coloring. June 9: Still sluggish but eating well. June 10-12: No apparent change. June 13: Color very dull and insect not eating much; moving very little. June 14: Body appears to be shorter and thicker; dull brown in eolor with shades of pale green and olive. June 15: Found the larva suspended from a leaf this morning and ready to pupate. Emerald green in color with hairs covering body like bristles. About one and one-half inches in length with head and front segments curving upward. June 16: Took photograph No. 4. June 17: Much thicker and greener. June 18: Pupated early this morning; rich emerald green in color. June 19-29: No apparent change. June 30: Took photograph No. 5, of the chrysalis. Insect should emerge tomorrow as the formation of the wings is very evident through the thin filament covering. Largely black with spots of blue. July 1: Wings, head and antennae of insect show plainly now; upper part of chrysalis olive green and below black with white spots. July 2: Perfect male insect emerged this morning at 10 : 15 tak- ing exactly 99 days from the day the egg was taken to the day the butterfly emerged. Photograph No. 6. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.), Vol. XL (Plate XXII) MORPHO PELEIDES INSTJLARIS 528 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL NOTICE It will be of interest to all workers in biology to learn that the Council of the Biological Society of Washington, at its last meet- ing, has voted the granting of a special price reduction on the following of its publications: “Natural History of the District of Columbia,” by W. L. McAtee, 142 pages, inset map, octavo, paper. 1918. $1.00. postpaid $1.15; “The International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature,” 28 pp. octavo, paper, 1926, 50^; “Birds of the Washington, D. C., Region,” by May Thatcher Cooke. 79 pp. octavo, paper, 1929, 50^. These can be obtained, post paid, from the Society ’s corresponding secretary, J. S. Wade, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated. Requests should be sent promptly as only a very limited number of copies remain. Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 529 NEW SPECIES OF SERICA (SCARABAEIDAE), VI By R. W. Dawson University of Minnesota The present paper is a continuation of a series run in this journal from 1919 to 1922. It is the hope and expectation of the writer to continue the work as rapidly as time and material permit, until all the species have been described and figured. The present number, in addition to presenting nine new species from California, reviews all but one of the remaining eastern spe- cies now known to the writer. Under each species the citation is given concerning the deposi- tion of the type, or of the specimen used in drafting the plate when the holotype was not available for that purpose. Measure- ments, except those otherwise cited, are made with a micrometer scale under the microscope, and translated into tenths of a milli- meter. By this means slight differences in size and proportion may be presented with precision. Colors are first named in a general way and then noted according to Ridgway’s “Color Standards.” Descriptions, as well as drawings, are based on single, representative, type specimens. The external characters of the various species are monotonously similar, and individual variation rather strong, so that the stu\ dent must refer to the genital armature of the male for certain identification of his species. Even here some variation occurs, and judgment must be used in interpretation of the armatures, especially when the claspers are in unusual positions. Since so much depends upon the genital armature, which cannot be suc- cessfully described, the writer has drafted the figures with great care and mechanical precision. Serica chsetosoma, new species. $. Length 10 mm.; width 6 mm. Color dark brown (warm sepia), opaque with a slight grayish bloom or pollen on the elytra. Entire surface bristling with short, erect, fulvous hairs, perhaps more conspicuous than on any other species except pilifera Horn. Clypeus of usual form with the margins only moderately reflexed, most strongly so at the angles which are prominent and more abruptly rounded 530 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL than usual. The prominence of the clypeal angles makes the anterior re- flexed margin appear broadly emarginate at the middle. Clypeal jmnctura- tion fine, dense and confluent ; suture fine and inconspicuous. Measurements of head : diameter through the eyes, 23 ; distance between inner eye mar- gins, 15.5 ; extreme width of anterior reflexed margin, 14 ; antennal club, 8 ; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 7.7. As the measurements indicate, the eyes are relatively small. Pronotum only moderately convex, lacking the bloom seen on the elytra and in consequence appearing contrastingly deep reddish brown, surface with numerous, very fine but strongly setigerous punctures; sides almost evenly arcuate. Measurements of pronotum: greatest width, near posterior angles, 41 ; width through anterior angles, 24.5 ; median length, 25. Elytra with intervals 1, 3, 5, etc., distinctly narrower than the alternat- ing series, slightly costate and impunctate. The line-like striae appear vaguely defined. Punctures everywhere minute, but bearing strong, erect hairs which are definitely aligned on the striae, and in confused alignment down the center of the wider, flat intervals. Median length 8 mm. ; great- est width 6 mm. Genital armature of male (PI. XXIII) with the left clasper truncate at the apex and of unusually simple form; length 3.7 mm. $ . Differs from the male in being larger, more robust, with smaller antennal clubs, 6.5 instead of 8, and in having the pygidium strongly con- vex. Type: <^. Saticoy, California, June 11, 1926, (California Academy of Sciences). Paratypes : 1 2 5, all from California : Saticoy, June 6, 1926, 1 J1, 1 5; Santa Paula, June 15, 1926, 1 ?■ Serica ventura new species. $ . Length 9 mm. ; width, 5 mm. Color a light to middle shade of red- dish brown, pronotum, burnt sienna, elytra dulled to hazel by a grayish bloom. Clypeus with the discal area slightly tumid just beloAv the middle; mar- gins rather strongly reflexed; clypeal suture fine but distinct; clypeal notch obliterated; puncturation rather fine but deep, the punctures separated by about their own diameter. Measurements of head : diameter through the eyes, 21.7; distance between inner eye margins, 15; extreme width of an- terior reflexed margin, 11; antennal club, 6.5; dorso-ventral diameter of eyes, 6.6. Pronotum rather less convex than usual; showing the lateral piceous spots characteristic of the more pallid species; sides distinctly arcuate; surface shining, with fine but distinct punctures, separated by one to three diame- ters. Measurements of pronotum: greatest width, slightly in front of the Dec., 1932] DAWSON: Serica 531 rounded hind angles, 36.5; through anterior angles, 23.5; median length, 20.5. Elytra dulled by a gray bloom and showing traces of rainbow iridescence ; striae line-like, each with a single row of small punctures spaced apart by one to two diameters; odd numbered intervals a little narrower than the even and vaguely costate, with very few punctures, the even numbered in- tervals nearly flat and with scattered punctures. Length 6.5 mm.; width 5 mm. Margins of pronotum, elytra and basal segments of legs fimbriate with shaggy, yellow hairs. Metasternum and hind coxal plates with fine deep punctures separated by one to two diameters, surface shining and very thinly clothed with fine, short, yellow hair. Genital armature of male (PI. XXIV) with a distinctive, longitudinal median ridge and truncate apex on the short or left clasper ; length 3 mm. $ . With antennal club little if any smaller than that of the male, but with the pygidium distinctly more convex and shining. Type: J'. Saticoy, California, June 20, 1926, (California Academy of Sciences). Paratypes : 29 <$, 23 all from California : Oxnard, 1 ; Santa Ana, 1 J ; Santa Paula, 1 $ ; Saticoy, 3 J1, 3 Ventura, 24 J1, 19 J. Serica personata new species. $ . Length 9 mm. ; width 5 mm. Color dark brown (warm sepia to chocolate), elytra slightly gray pruinose, and with traces of rainboAv irides- cence in strong, shifting lights. Clypeus and lower front strongly and densely punctured, the punctures separated by half, or less than half, their own diameter, and partially or largely obscuring the clypeal suture ; clypeal margins only moderately re- flexed, angles distinct, but little rounded, clypeal notch almost or quite obso- lete. Measurements of head: diameter through the eyes, 22; distance be- tween inner eye margins, 16 ; extreme width of anterior reflexed margin, 12 ; antennal club, 6.6 ; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 7.2. Pronotum moderately convex, especially in the anterior half ; viewed from above with the sides nearly parallel to the middle, than strongly arcuate and convergent to the anterior angles; surface with small but deep punctures separated by about one diameter. Measurements of pronotum: width through posterior angles, 37.5; through anterior angles, 23.3; median length, 22. Elytra with the characteristic line-like striae, each with a single row of punctures, but the latter much, or entirely, obscured by crowding from the rather close and strong punctures of the intervals ; the odd numbered inter- vals usually distinctly narrower, with the punctures largely limited to the sides thus making them appear slightly costate, the even numbered inter- 532 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL vals wider and with, numerous scattered punctures. Strise, and to a lesser extent the wider intervals, bearing short, erect, golden-brown hairs. Margins and under parts fimbriate with golden brown hairs. Metaster- num and posterior coxal plates closely and strongly punctured. Genital armature of male (PI. XXY) closely resembling, but distinct from, that of ventura, length 3 mm. Type: J*. California, (Horn Collection, Philadelphia). Paratypes : 12 J1, 12 §, all from California : California, 2 g ; San Louis Obispo, 12 J', 10 J. Serica caliginosa new species. $. Length 10 mm.; width 5.4 mm. Color black with a rusty or piceous tinge ; elytra with a grayish or frosty bloom. Clypeus shining, with strong but rather small punctures separated by about half their own diameter; with a slight submarginal impression, and strongly reflexed edges. Clypeal notch shallow and feebly indicated; ante- rior reflexed margin, viewed perpendicularly, straight, at an angle from above, very slightly elevated at the middle, angles broadly rounded. Front opaque, with small feeble punctures separated by one to three diameters. Eyes relatively small and antennal clubs of moderate size. Measurements of head: diameter through the eyes, 25.5; distance between inner eye mar- gins, 17.8; extreme width of anterior reflexed margin, 14.4; antennal club, 10.5; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 7.7. Pronotum rather strongly convex, with the sides almost evenly arcuate from base to apex, and fimbriate with coarse reddish brown hairs; surface opaque with a slight, grayish bloom; punctures fine and shallow, separated on the average by three to four diameters. Measurements of pronotum: width through posterior angles, 43.3; through anterior angles, 26.7; median length, 25.5. Elytra -with distinct line-like striae, each with a row of small shallow punctures spaced apart by two to four diameters, but the definiteness of the row obscured by the irregularly placed, similar punctures of the alter- nate, distinctly wider intervals, 2, 4, 6, etc. ; length 7.5 mm. ; width 5.4 mm. Beneath finely punctured and very sparsely covered with fine reddish brown hairs, becoming coarser, denser and more evident on the coxae, femora and middle of the metasternum. Genital armature of male (PI. XXVI) somewhat resembling that of personal: a (a smaller, more delicate species often approaching caliginosa in color) ; length 3.2 mm. $ . More robust with coarser and more conspicuous hair beneath ; anten- nal club smaller, 7.7 instead of 10.5. Type: White River, Tulare Co., California, April 14, 1905 (Ralph Hopping), (California Academy of Sciences). Paratypes : 5 6 J, with the same data as the type. Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 533 Serica acicula new species. $. Length 9 mm.; width 5.2 mm. Color testaceous (auburn), opaque with a silvery gray bloom or powder on the elytra. Clypeus very feebly tumid just below the middle; margins gradually but strongly reflexed; lateral clypeal notch entirely absent; surface with small, distinct punctures separated by one-half to two-thirds their own diameter. Viewed perpendicularly, the anterior clypeal margin is nearly straight at the middle, and very broadly, evenly arcuate at the angles with the sides ; viewed at an angle from above, slightly arcuate and more abruptly reflexed at the middle. Front with punctures less closely and regularly placed. Measurements of head : diameter through the eyes, 23.9 ; distance between inner eye margins, 15.5 ; extreme width of anterior reflexed margin, 11.7 ; antennal club, 8.3 ; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 7.7. Pronotum convex with sides strongly rounded anteriorly, and fimbriate, surface with fine shallow punctures separated by one to four diameters. Measurements of pronotum : width through posterior angles, 38.3 ; through anterior angles, 25.0; median length, 22.2. Elytra with the even numbered intervals slightly wider than the odd ; striae line-like with a single row of small punctures separated by one to three diameters ; wider intervals with fine scattered punctures ; lateral mar- gins fimbriate ; median length 7 mm. ; greatest width, 5.2 mm. Beneath sparsely clothed with fine, pale brown, shaggy hairs; metaster- num and hind coxal plates shining, finely and densely punctured. Genital armature of male (PI. XXVII) with left clasper 1 ‘ aeiculate 1 ’ ; length 3.25 mm. $ . Differs from the male by the smaller antennal clubs, 6.7 instead of 8.3, and by the much more convex and shining pygidium. Type: J*. Hynes, California, April 29, 1921 (L. L. Much- more), (U. S. National Museum). Paratypes : 33 J', 10 J, all from California : “Calif.” 4 (?; “S. Calif.”, Garden Grove, 5 all from California : “Calif.”, 1 J'; Alhambra, 1 J*; Carmel, 3 Pasadena, 1 J1; San Diego, 2 J1, 3 2; Vandery enter, Flat, 1 J1. Serica georgiana Leng Serica georgiana Leng, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 219, 1911. The writer is indebted to Mr. Leng for the privilege of study- ing the type series, mounting the genitalia of the males, and drafting the figures (PL XXXII) here presented from the male liolotype. The species is easily recognized by the character of the arma- ture in conjunction with the strong tumidity of the entire cly- Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 537 peal disk. The most closely related species, lecontei, differs by having the stalk of the armature more suddenly inflated, and the clypeus nearly flat, (Pl. ix, Vol. xxix). Specimens examined : 105 J1, 83 2 : New Hampshire : Manchester, 3 <$. Massachusetts: “Mass.”, 1 c?, 3 2; Blue Hills, 2 J'; Bristol Co., 1 J'; Cohasset, 2 2; Danvers, 1 J; Dracut, 1 2; Fall River, 9 ; Plummer ’s Island, 5 J* ; Plum Point, 1 §. District of Columbia : Washington, 5 J1, 4 Virginia: “Ya.”, 1 ^ 1 ?. Michigan: “Mich.”, 1 J1; Ann Arbor, 1 2; Bad Axe, 1 J; Charity IsL, 1 J*; Douglas Lake, 3 J1, 2 2; Marquette, 1 ,^,12; Montmorency Co., 1 2 ; Port Huron, 1 Wisconsin : Bayfield, 1 J. Illinois: “111.”, 5 lC^, 9 5; Algonquin, 2 2; Champaign, 1 2; Cook Co., 1 2 ; Bock Island, 1 J*. Indiana: Jennings Co., 1 (holotype) ; Lafayette, 2 2; Lake Co., 1 2 (paratype) ; Millers, 1 J*; New Albany, 1 2; Vigo Co., 1 2 (paratype). Tennessee : “Tenn. ”, 1 2; Fentress Co., 1 2- North Carolina: Black Mts., 3 J', 1 2; Chapel Hill, 1 Durham, 1 ; Raleigh, 1 ; Southern Pines, 3 <$. South Carolina: “S. C.”, 1 2; Columbia, 1 2- Georgia: Macon, 1 J1; Rabun Co., 1 2- Florida : Gainesville, 2 J1, 3 2- Missouri: “Mo.”, 2 2- Iowa: Ames, 1 <$', Ft. Dodge, 1 rf"; Lake Okoboji, 5 J1, 1 2; Sioux City, 1 J1. Minnesota: “Minn.”, 1 2; Duluth, 2 ^ 1 2; Minneapolis, 9 Spear fish Canyon, 1 Nebraska : Hooper, 1 J1; Monroe Canyon, 1 2; Neligh, 5 ; South Bend, 1 West Point, 3 J1, 3 2- Kansas: “Kan.”, 5 1 2- New Mexico : “N. M.”, 1 Gallinas Canyon, 1 J'; Trout Springs, 1 542 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Colorado: “Col.”, 4 J', 3 $; Colorado Springs, 1 ^ 1 J; Douglas Co., 1 }; Durango, 1 J'; El Paso Co., 1 J'; Estes Park, 1 J'; Ft. Collins, 1 Golden, 2 J', 1 Greeley, 1 Platte Canyon, 2 1 2; Rist Canyon, 1 J'; Williams Canyon, 1 Arizona : Tucson, 3 J', 3 §. Montana : Helena, 1 J*; Maiden, 9 J'; Monarch, 1 $. Canada : Ontario : W. Ontario, 1 5; Gull Lake, 7 J'; Hastings, 1 Ottawa, 16 J', 14 J ; Port Hope, 1 2 § ; Prince Edward Co., 1 $; Rostrevor, 1 Sudbury, 1 J*; Toronto, 2 J'; Trenton, 5 l(^, 1 J. Quebec: Chelsea, 11 J1, 8 5; Montreal, 2 J', 1 5; Aylmer, 1 St. Anne’s, 1 J*; St, Johns, 12 J'; St. Therese Isl., 9 ; Three Rivers, 4 1 Manitoba : Aweme, 12 J*, 9 $ ; Melita, 1 5 ; Miami, 1 J1, 1 5 ; Onah, 5 J', 5 J; Wawansea, 1 Winnipeg, 13 13 J. Alberta : Edmonton, 12 <£, 7 $. British Columbia: “B. C.”, 1 5; Cawston, 1 J', 2 5; Savana, 2?- North West Territory: “N. W. T.”, 2 J. Serica sericea Illiger In 1922 sericea was redescribed (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxx, p. 154) and neotypes were designated in the belief that Illiger ’s specimens were no longer extant. Recently through the kind- ness of Dr. Heinrich Kuntzen of Berlin the writer has been per- mitted to examine Illiger ’s type series of five specimens. Like several other type series it is composite. One male and two females are mystaca, one male parallela and one female the sericea of American authors of the past century. This female specimen, labelled “Georgia, Francillon, Knocli collection,” is here designated as the holotype of Illiger ’s species sericea . For- tunately there is neither justification, nor necessity for disturb- ing the nomenclature of the three species concerned. Serica atricapilla Kirby Camptorhina atracapilla Kirby, Fauna Boreali- Americana, iv, p. 129, 1837. Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 543 Serica cucullata Dawson, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvii, p. 34, 1919. It is certain that Kirby had several specimens, since he says in the original description: “Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby, and in Nova Scotia by Capt. Hall. ” There is every probability that his series contained intermixta, the prevailing Canadian species, lecontei , which must have given the inspiration for the name “ black-capped’ ’ and which probably accounts for Le Conte’s recorded synonymy with vespertina\ (Le Conte not Gyl- lenhal), and cucullata. A single female specimen of his mate- rial remains, and is deposited in the British Museum where it is held to be the holotype. The writer is indebted to Dr. C. E. Mickel and Dr. Gilbert Arrow for carefully comparing in joint session all the North American species which theoretically might be concerned, and for making a positive identification with the species cucullata. The known range of atricapilla has been extended into eleven new states since the publication of the description of cucullata. It therefore seems desirable to record all the data. Specimens examined: 131 J*, 63 J: Maine : Paris, 1 5 ; Salisbury Cove, 1 J'. New Hampshire: Mt, Moosilaukee, 1 J'; Three Mile Island, lcf,l?; Walpole, 1 Vermont: St. Johnsbury, 1 Connecticut : Cornwall, 1 $ ; Colebrook, 1 J'. New York: Allegany Park, 1 J; Cranberry Lake, 6 ; Ithaca, 6 4 § ; McLean Bogs, 2 J' ; Newport, 3 5 ; Peru, 1 5; Saranac Inn, 2 J'; Sullivan Co., 1 J'; Trenton, 1 J', I?- Pennsylvania: Allegheny Co., 1 ^ ; Inglenook, 1 §; Jeanette, 1 J1; Pittsburgh, 2 J'; York Co., 1 §. New Jersey: Bergen Co., 1 J; Closter, 1 J1. Maryland: Glen Echo, 2 5; Hyattsville, 2 J'; Jackson’s Island, 1 J'; Laurel, 1 J'; Plummer’s Island, 2 District of Columbia : Washington, 5 J1. Virginia: “Va.”, 1 lC^; Falls Church, 3 J'; Great Falls, 2 J', 1 ?• Michigan: Beaver Island, Charlevois Co., 4 J', 1 5; Big Stone Bay, 1 1 $ ; Charity Island, 2 ; Detroit, 2 ; 544 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Douglas Lake, 3 J*, 2 § ; Eagle Harbor, 1 ; Eagle River, 1 J'; High Island, 3 J'; Lake Superior, 1 J1; Mackinac Co., 2 J1; Mackinaw City, 2 J1; Marquette, 9 J1, 4 Point Austin, 1 ; Pellston, 1 $ ; St. Ignace, 4 Wisconsin : ‘ ‘ Wis. ”, 1 J ; Cranmoor, 1 J1 ; Trout Lake, 1 . Illinois : Chicago, 1 J. Tennessee : Burrville, 1 J. North Carolina: “N. C.”, 2 J'; Black Mts., 3 J*, 2 5; Cata- loochee, 1 $ ; Round Knob, 1 $ ; Sunburst, 1 <$. Georgia : Clayton, 1 J', 1 J. Florida : Gainesville, 1 <$. Alabama : Baldwin Co., 1 Minnesota : Duluth, 1 J', 3 J ; Itasca Co., 2 4 2 ; Lake Itasca, 2 J ; Minneapolis, 20 J1, 13 J ; St. Paul, 1 §. Canada : Ontario: Gull Lake, 2 J1; Hastings Co., 1 J; Ottawa, 1 J*. 1 ?; Sudbury, 1 J. Quebec : Hemmingf ord, 1 ; Montreal, 2 J* ; Murray Bay, 1 1 $; St. Therese Island, 1 ; Seven Islands, 1 New Brunswick: St. John, 1 J. Nova Scotia: “N. S.”, 1 J1; Kentville, 1 J1. Manitoba: Aweme, 1 Winnipeg, 1 J*. British Columbia: “B. C.”, 1 J. Serica trociformis Burmeister 8 erica trociformis Burmeister, Handbuch Ent., iv, 2, p. 179. Serica trociformis Le Conte, Journ. Acad. N. S., Phil., Ser. 2, iii, p. 277. To again describe trociformis is unnecessary, but a supplement to the recorded information is needed. Through the courtesy of Dr. Walther Horn the writer was permitted to examine Bur- meister ’s type series of five specimens. They are exactly like the form collected at Southern Pines, North Carolina, by the late A. H. Manee, and distributed by him to many collections. The pronotum is shining and glabrous, evenly convex, entirely lack- ing the median groove expanding basally as described by Blatcliley. The accompanying figure of the genital armature (PI. XXV) is from a specimen deposited in the U. S. National Museum, and Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 545 bearing’ the label “Southern Pines, N. C., iv, 23, ’12, A. H. Manee.” Specimens examined : 137 : South Carolina: 5 specimens, Burmeister’s type series. North Carolina : Aberdeen, 9 rf, 12 5 ; Eagle Springs, 17 J', 23 5 ; Ellerby, 5 J', 3 $ ; Southern Pines, 33 J', 26 5 ; White Lake, 1 <$, 3 $. Serica trociformis blatchleyi new variety. Serica trogiformis Blatchley, Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 958, 1910. The evidence at hand seems to indicate that the form described by Blatch- ley as “ trogiformis Uhler” should be designated as a distinct race. It differs from the type form by the possession of a median groove on the pronotum, which usually expands into a distinct sub-basal impression. Fre- quently supplementary impressions occur on each side of the median groove just anterior to the middle of the pronotum. Thus a pattern of impres- sions faintly suggesting the conventional skull, or monkey face is produced. Sometimes one or two faint sublateral impressions also occur. An opaque surface lustre with traces of sericeous iridescence often accompanies the pronotal pattern of impressions. These pronotal modifications are evanes- cent, the last thing to weaken and fade out is the median groove. However, when seen at their maximum development they present a type strikingly distinct from that described by Burmeister, where the pronotum is shining and evenly convex. The apparent correlation of these pronotal characters with geographical (possibly ecological) distribution makes it desirable to distinguish both forms by name. ISTo tangible character has been discovered in the genital armature sepa- rating the variety blatchleyi from typical trociformis. Type: Sudbury, Mass., C. A. Frost, (U. S. National Museum). Specimens examined: 108 J1, 78 $: Most of this material has long since been returned to the collections from which it wras borrowed. If it could now be re-examined in the light of recent information it is possible that an occasional specimen might be referred to the typical form • however it is believed that the rec- ord is essentially correct. Massachusetts: “Mass.”, 11 J', 14$; Berkeley, 2 $; Bourne, 1 $ ; Dartmouth, 4 J', 6 $ ; Dighton, 1 ; Fall River, 1 1 $ ; Framingham, 9 J1, 3 $ ; Lexington, 2 J', 1 $ ; Lowell, 1 $; Natick, 5 J1, 1 $; Sharon, 1 $ ; Springfield, 1 J'; West Springfield, 1 $. 546 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Rhode Island: “R. I.”, 1 Barrington, 2 J*, 1 2; Spring Green, 1 § ; Washington, 1 . Connecticut: Granby, 1 J1; Hamden, 3 J'; Manchester, 8 <$-, New Haven, 6 5 2; Rainbow, 2 J1; Westville, 1 J1. New York: New York City, 3 Earner, 2 $; Long Island, 2 c?> 1 2 ; Plains, Whiteface Mountain, 1 2- Pennsylvania: “Pa.”, 1 J1; Philadelphia, 1 2; Shirleysburg, 1 c?, 3 ?• New Jersey: “N. J.”, 9 7 $; Buena, 1 2; Fort Lee Dis- trict, 3 3 2; Jamesburg, 1 J'; Ocean Co., 1 2- Maryland: “Md.”, 3 J1, 3 2; Bladensburg, 1 J'; College Park, 1 J1; Odenton, 1 J1, 3 2- District of Columbia: Washington, 5 J1; Rock Creek, 1 J1, !?• Virginia: Glencarlyn, 5 J1, 3 2; Mount Vernon, 4 J*. Indiana: Posey Co., 1 J1 (recorded by Blatchley). Kentucky: Louisville, 1 2- Tennessee: Eastern Tennessee, 2 J', 2 2 (approaching typi- cal form) ; Fentress, 4 North Carolina : Asheville, 2 J1, 4 2- Missouri : “Mo.”, 1 2- Serica imitans Chapin Omaloplia trogiformis Uhler, Proc. Acad. N. S., Phil., vii, p. 415, 1855. Serica imitans Chapin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 44, p. 5, 1931. A curious taxonomic confusion is involved in the name for this species. In the same year (1855) both Burmeister and Uhler endeavored to validate the manuscript name Omaloplia troci- formis German. Each had a different, though very similar species. Burmeister called his trodformis, and Uhler called his trogiformis , (a better spelling). Both names have been used (though Burmeister ’s has priority) and nobody has suspected that two species were involved. While the writer was debating what to do with the ‘ ‘ twin names for twin species, ’ ’ Mr. Chapin discovered Uhler ’s species and described it as imitans. Since the names trodformis and trogiformis are clearly of the same origin, meaning and intent we may interpret the case as Dec., 1932] Dawson: Serica 547 coming under Article 35 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and declare trogiformis Uhler a homonym, thus freeing the way for the acceptance of Mr. Chapin’s name imi- tans. Such a procedure will avoid the endless confusion that would certainly result from the retention of the twin name trogiformis. The writer is indebted to Mr. Chapin for the male paratype from which the figures on Plate XXXV were drafted. It bears the data “Egg Harbor City, N. J., May, M. Decker, ’29,” and is being returned for deposition with the holotype in the U. S. National Museum. Identification of imitans is easily made without the aid of the genital armature by the short erect and sparse hair on the pro- notum. In this character it begins to approach iricolor Say. Specimens examined : 9 J1, 9 2 : New Jersey: “N. J.”, 2 J', 3 J; Atco, 1 J'; Buena, 2 J1; Clementon, 1 J*, 1 J ; Da Costa, 3 J ; Egg Harbor City, 2 2 J ; Lakehurst, 1 Maryland: Hyattsville, 1 J1. Serica iricolor Say Melolontha iricolor Say, Journ. Acad. N. S. Phil., iii, p. 246, 1824. Scrim iricolor Burmeister, Plandb. Ent., iv, 2, p. 178, 1855. Serica iricolor Le Conte, Journ. Acad. N. S. Phil., Ser. 2, iii, p. 275, 1856. Serica iricolor Blatchley, Coleoptera of Indiana, pp. 956, 958, 1910. This is the only species of North American Serica upon which there was correct unanimity of opinion prior to the date of em- ployment of the genitalia as an aid to specific determination. Its small size, dark color, iridescence and dense, erect, rusty, pro- notal hair sufficed to mark it definitely. For completeness of the record of eastern species the genital armature is here figured (PI. XXXVI) and the distribution known to the writer re- corded. The specimen used for the drawing bears the data “Mass.”, may be regarded as a neotype, and is deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 548 Journal New York Entomological Society [Vol. XL Specimens examined: 135 J1, 93 J: New Hampshire: “N. H.”, 1 J'; Three Mile Island, 2 J*, 2$. Massachusetts : “Mass,”, 4 J1, 3 2; Attleboro, 1 ; Berkley, 1 J1 ; Blue Hill, 1 $ ; Cape Cod, 1 2 ; Fall River, 12 5 $; Martha’s Vineyard, 1 2; Wellesley, 2 J1, 1 5; Woods Hole, 1 ?. Rhode Island : Lonsdale, 1 2- New York: “N. Y.”, 18