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Oswald 1-4 Eremochilini, a new tribe of neotropical Epilachninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Robert D. Gordon and Natalia Vandenberg 5-9 Carabus auratus L. and Clivina fossor L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae): new records of two introduced taxa in the northwest and northeast U.S.A. Robert E. Nelson and Ross A. Reynolds 10-13 Infectivity of eight species of entomogenous fungi to the larvae of the elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) Celeste Houle, George C. Hartmann, and S. Salman Wasti 14-18 An attractant for mushroom flies (Diptera: Phoridae) J. A. Kamm, R. G. Buttery, and W. H. Robinson 19-22 A description of the mature larva and cocoon of the bee Thy gat er (Hymenoptera; Anthophoridae) Laurence Packer 23-27 Nesting biology of the squash bee Peponapis utahensis (Hymenoptera; Antho- phoridae; Eucerini) Jerome G. Rozen, Jr. and Ricardo Ayala 28-33 Neotropical Miridae, CCXXXIV: new species of Resthenini (Hemipera) J. C. M. Carvalho and J. C. Schaffner 34-56 Orthotylus aesculicola : a new plant bug from Missouri (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) R. L. Blinn 57-61 Two new genera and species of Pentatomini from Peru and Brazil (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) L. H. Rolston 62-68 Diagnosis of Epipedus Spinola and redescription of the type species, E. histrio Spinola (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) L. H. Rolston 69-72 A second species of Parvamima Ruckes (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discoceph- alinae) L. H. Rolston 73-75 Derephysia foliacea (Fallen), a Tingidae new to North America (Hemiptera: Het- eroptera) John D. Lattin 76-80 A revision of the genus Dushinckanus with descriptions of two new species (He- miptera: Lygaeidae) B. J. Harrington 81-90 Stobaera concinna (Homoptera: Delphacidae): field biology, laboratory rearing and descriptions of immature stages Paul D. Calvert, Stephen W. Wilson, and James H. Tsai Americabrya, a new genus of Entomobryidae (Collembola), with a redescription of A. arida (Christianson and Bellinger) based on Mexican specimens and de- scriptive notes for A. epiphyta (Loring) Jose A. Mari Mutt and Jose G. Palacios- Vargas Lectotype designations for the ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) described by Asa Fitch James E. Keirans and Jeffrey K. Barnes Experimental introduction of the mycosis caused by Entomophthora muscae in a population of house flies ( Musca domestica) in a poultry building John Paul Kramer and Donald C. Steinkraus Notes and Comments Polybia ( Myrapetra ) paulista (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), an aerial predator of swarming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Brazil H. G. Fowler Book Review Aphid Ecology Ann E. Hajek Number 2 Taxonomic names proposed in the insect order Heteroptera by Jose Candido de Melo Carvalho from 1943 to January 1985, with type depositories Jose C. M. Carvalho and Richard C. Froeschner The Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) of eastern North America with de- scriptions of three new species Paul K. Lago and Steven C. Harris Zapada katahdin, a new stonefly (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Northeast Richard W. Baumann and Terry M. Mingo Biology of the myrmecomorphic plant bug Coquillettia insignis Uhler (Heterop- tera: Miridae: Phylinae) James D. Mclver and Gary M. Stonedahl Biology of the myrmecomorphic plant bug Orectoderus obliquus Uhler (Heter- optera: Miridae: Phylinae) James D. Mclver and Gary M. Stonedahl A peculiar case history: Hemisphaerodella mirabilis Reuter is the nymphal stage of Cyrtocapsus caligineus Stal) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) Thomas J. Henry and J. C. M. Carvalho The taxonomic status of Ischnodemus oblongus (Fabricius) and Ischnodemus var- iegatus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Blissinae) James A. Slater A new species of Acrosternum Fieber, subgenus Chinavia Orian, from Cuba (He- miptera: Pentatomidae) D. A. Rider The genus Phyllophaga Harris, 1826 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Cuba. IV. Descriptions of six new species Miguel Garcia- Vidal The first North American records of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Robert D. Gordon Diurnal predation on roosting butterflies during inclement weather: a substantial source of mortality in the black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Robert C. Lederhouse, Sylvio G. Codella, and Paul J. Cowell 91-98 99-108 109-113 114-117 118-119 120 121-224 225-251 252-257 258-277 278-289 290-293 294-297 298-301 302-306 307-309 310-319 Cochylis caulocatax Razowski (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini): a redescrip- tion of the male with new descriptions of the female, larva, and pupa Michael G. Pogue and Timothy P. Friedlander 320-327 Six new species of Tenthredo Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from India Devinder Singh and Malkiat S. Saini 328-337 Notes and Comments Chromosome study of two Neotropical species of Gerridae (Hempitera: Heter- optera) Diane M. Calabrese and Peter Tallerico 338-340 Number 3 Revision of North American species of Ilybius Erichson (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), with systematic notes on Palaearctic species D. J. Larson 341-413 A revision of the Ozophora umbrosa complex in the West Indies (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) James A. Slater 414-427 Review of the genus Agroecus Dallas, with the description of a new species (He- miptera: Pentatomidae) D. A. Rider and L. H. Rolston 428-439 Life history of the issid planthopper Thionia elliptica (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with description of a new Thionia species from Texas A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and Stephen W. Wilson 440-451 Antennal sensilla and setal patterns of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Carey E. Vasey and Edward Ritter 452-455 Book Review Spinnenfauna gestem und Heute: Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre Heute Lebenden Verwandten Norman /. Platnick 456-458 Obituary Cyril Franklin dos Passos (1887-1986) Frederick H. Rindge 459-460 Number 4 The seasonal occurrence of Ixodes dammini and Ixodes dentatus (Acari: Ixodidae) on birds in a Lyme Disease endemic area of southeastern New York State Gertrude R. Battaly, Durland Fish, and Robert C. Dowler 461-468 Flight activity of Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty) (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae): Asynchronous mobile populations? Harold G. Fowler, Valdemar R. Ortega, and Luiz Luccas Teixeira 469-473 Field behavior of Euphasiopteryx depleta (Diptera: Tachinidae): Phonotactically orienting parasitoids of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus) Harold G. Fowler 474-480 Temperature, contact rates, and interindividual distance in whirligig beetles (Co- leoptera: Gyrinidae) Kevina Vulinec and Steven A. Kolmes 481-486 Parity and sugar feeding in Atylotus bicolor (Diptera: Tabanidae) Louis A. Magnarelli 487-490 The effect of density of Ambrosia trifida L. on seed predation by Euaresta f estiva (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) David B. Vitolo and Edmund W. Stiles On the relative acceptability of the typical and melanic morphs of Panthea pal- lescens McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to birds Theodore D. Sargent Nectar and pollen collection by bumble bees: Methodology for a colony-level approach Richard M. Fisher Terrestrial Hydrometridae (Heteroptera) from Madagascar, and the remarkable thoracic polymorphism of a closely related species from southeast Asia John T. Polhemus and Dan A. Polhemus Three new genera and six new species of Neotropical Coreidae (Heteroptera) Harry Brailovsky Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). VIII. A new species from northeastern North America John Cooper and Robert D. Gordon Metriocnemus (Diptera: Chironomidae)— An ecological survey and description of a new species Peter S. Cranston and Darlene D. Judd Biology and mature larva of Hemipimpla pulchripennis (Saussure), a parasite of Ropalidia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Vespidae) Robert W. Brooks and David B. Wahl Systematics of Pseudocloeon, Acentrella, Baetiella, and Liebebiella, new genus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) R. D. Waltz and W. P. McCafferty Neotropical Nabidae (Heteroptera), 2: A new species of Metatropiphorus I. M. Kerzhner Two new species of Heteromurus from Sulawesi Utara (Celebes) and a new record for H. tenuicornis Bomer (Collembola: Entomobryidae) Jose A. Mari Mutt 491-494 495-503 504-508 509-517 518-530 531-533 534-546 547-552 553-568 569-571 572-576 Honorary, Life, and Sustaining Members Reviewers for 1987 576 576 7iV13 t. 95 JANUARY 1987 No. 1 Journal of the New York Entomological Society (ISSN 0028-7199) Devoted to Entomology in General JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Editor: Randall T. Schuh, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 Book Review Editor: Quentin D. Wheeler, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Publications Committee: Louis Trombetta, St. Johns University, Queens, New York, Chairman; Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr., Pennsylvania State De- partment of Agriculture, Harrisburg; Joseph M. Cerreta, St. Johns Uni- versity, Queens, New York. The New York Entomological Society Incorporating The Brooklyn Entomological Society President: Henry M. Knizeski, Jr., Department of Biology, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522 Vice President: Dennis J. Joslyn, Department of Biology, Rutgers Uni- versity, Camden, New Jersey 08102 Secretary: Durland Fish, Department of Biology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458 Treasurer: Louis Sorkin, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024 Trustees: Class of 1986— Gerard Iwantsch, Fordham University, Bronx, New York; Irene E. Matejko, The New Lincoln School, New York, New York; Class ofl 987 — David Alsop, Queens College, Queens, New York; Gary M. Stonedahl, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. Annual dues are $23.00 for established professionals with journal, $10.00 without journal, $15.00 for students with journal, $5.00 without journal. Sustaining memberships are $53.00 per year, institutional memberships are $125.00 per year, and life memberships are $300.00. Subscriptions are $40.00 per year domestic and $45.00 foreign. All payments should be made to the Treasurer. Back issues of the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Entomologica Americana, the Torre- Bueno Glossary of Entomology and other Society publications can be purchased from Lubrecht and Cramer, RD 1, Box 244, Forestburgh, New York 12777. Meetings of the Society are held on the third Tuesday of each month (except June through September) at 8 p.m. in the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York. Mailed January 30, 1987 The Journal of the New York Entomological Society (ISSN 0028-7199) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) for the Society by Allen Press, Inc., 1041 New Hampshire, Lawrence, Kansas 66044. Second class postage paid at New Brunswick, New Jersey and at additional mailing office. Known office of publication: American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, total copies printed 850, paid circulation 700, mail subscription 700, free distribution by mail 18, total distribution 718, 132 copies left over each quarter. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1): 1—4, 1987 A NEW SPECIES OF MICROMUS FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES (NEUROPTERA: HEMEROBIIDAE) John D. Oswald Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Abstract. — The hemerobiid, Micromus remiformis is described as new from western North America. Illustrations of the male genitalic structures of M. remiformis and the closely related Nearctic M. montanus are presented. Carpenter (1940) diagnosed and provided a key to the five species of the genus Micromus then known from America north of Mexico: M. angulatus (Stephens), M. posticus (Walker), M. subanticus (Walker), M. variolosus Hagen and M. montanus Hagen. A recent reexamination of North American Micromus species has revealed an additional undescribed species closely related to, and previously included in the concept of M. montanus. Since the disparate views of Tjeder (1961), who listed 18 generic synonyms of Micromus, and Nakahara (1960), who recognized 11 of these synonyms as valid genera, there has been a trend, primarily by European workers (e.g., Zeleny, 1963; Aspock et al., 1980), toward recognizing several subgenera within Micromus s.l. (e.g., Nesomicromus, Pseudomicromus, Stenomicromus). Though it seems useful to iden- tify species groups within Micromus in regional faunas as an initial approximation of intrageneric relationships, a cosmopolitan revision of Micromus adequately de- limiting such groups between regional faunas is presently lacking. Consequently, I believe it is premature to assign subgeneric status to these groups and M. remiformis , n. sp. is thus proposed without subgeneric assignment. However, the shape and dorsal spination of the mediuncus, the presence of a dorsal longitudinal keel on the gonarcus bridge and the dorsally lobed condition of the two acute paramere processes strongly suggest a close relationship with the Nearctic M. montanus and the European M. paganus (Linnaeus), M. gradatus Navas and M. lanosus (Zeleny). Micromus remiformis, new species Figs. 6-1 1 Description. Size: Forewing length: 8.8-10.7 mm ( x = 10.0, N = 9); fore wing width: 3. 5-4.4 mm (x = 4.1, N = 9). Coloration: Wing membrane hyaline to pale yellow with light brown mottling. Inner and outer gradate series banded with light brown, veins predominently yellowish. Head, body and legs yellow-brown. Venation: Num- ber of oblique radial branches: 4 (22% of wings examined), 5 (72%), 6 (6%). Number of inner gradate crossveins distal to cubitus: 5 (33%), 6 (61%), 7 (6%). Number of outer gradate crossveins distal to cubitus: 8 (17%), 9 (61%), 10 (22%). MP3 + 4 fused to Cula for a short distance or joined by a short cross vein; first fork of Cula beyond its connection with MP3 +4 (by fusion or crossvein) closer to that connection than 2 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 1-11. M. montanus. 1. Ninth tergite and ectoproct, lateral. 2. Parameres, ventral. 3. Parameres, lateral. 4. Gonarcus and mediuncus, lateral. 5. Mediuncus, dorsal surface; M. re- miformis, n. sp. 6. Mediuncus, dorsal surface. 7. Apex of ectoproct process, dorsal. 8. Ninth tergite and ectoproct, lateral. 9. Parameres, ventral. 10. Parameres, lateral. 11. Gonarcus and mediuncus, lateral. Figures shown to same scale: 1 = 8, 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 9 = 10 = 11. to wing margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 6-11): Ninth tergite (Fig. 8): slightly broadened anterolaterally but without a distinct anteriorly directed lobe. Ectoproct (Figs. 7, 8): ventral process weakly sinuate, its apex flattened, slightly clubbed and bearing several small teeth. Gonarcus (Fig. 11): bridge with dorsal, longitudinal keel. Mediuncus (Figs. 6, 11): proximal plate broad, its surface usually with fewer than 10, mostly elongate, teeth; apical attenuation short and slender. Parameres (Figs. 9, 10): posterior pair of processes long, strongly reflexed; anterior region of parameres fused into a 1987 A NEW HEMEROBIID 3 compressed plate dorsally and a pair of plates ventrolaterally; ventrolateral plates enclose a median ventral knob. This description is based on 9 males forming the type series. Female genitalia: Subgenitale small, emarginate posteriorly. A pair of large, ventrally convergent, sclerotized plates present dorsal to the subgenitale. Diagnosis. M. remiformis is indistinguishable from M. montanus based on external coloration and venation. Micromus remiformis males are readily differentiated from those of M. montanus by the weakly sinuate, clubbed ectoproct process which is usually visible without dissection. Males of M. remiformis may be further distin- guished by the unlobed anterolateral margin of the ninth tergite, the relatively small number and elongate nature of the mediuncus teeth, and the long reflexed processes of the parameres. Micromus montanus possesses the following corresponding char- acters: anterolateral margin of ninth tergite prominently lobed (Fig. 1); mediuncus teeth short and numerous (Figs. 4, 5); apical processes of parameres short and weakly reflexed (Figs. 2, 3). Females of M. remiformis and M. montanus are very similar. The sclerotized plates dorsal to the subgenitale in M. remiformis also occur in M. montanus but are typically smaller and only weakly convergent ventrally. The reliability of this char- acter for species diagnosis needs corroboration, particularly in areas of parapatry where intermediate character states could occur. Etymology. From the Latin “remus,” oar and “forma,” shape, in reference to shape of male ectoproct process. Distribution. M. remiformis is a montane species distributed throughout the west- ern United States, east to northeastern Idaho and central Utah, and south to at least San Bernardino County, California. The distribution of the closely related M. mon- tanus is boreal, extending south in the Appalachian and Rocky mountains at higher elevations. Although the distribution of these species in the western Cordillera is not well known, present records suggest that M. montanus and M. remiformis are allo- patric. Holotype. 6, in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Label data: “CALIF. Madera Co., / Big creek at Boggy / Meadow 4.75 air mi / ESE. of Fish Camp. / Alt. 6400 ft. Aug. / 9, 1 97 1 H. B. Leech,” “Holotype / Micromus / remiformis Oswald / J. D. Oswald 1985.” Condition: Excellent, genitalia in glycerin-filled mi- cro vial pinned below specimen. Paratypes. 8 86 as follows: U.S.A.: California: Mono Co.: 1 mi W Tom’s Place, VIII- 13- 1957 (UCB), 4 mi E Monitor Pass, VII- 15- 1966 (author’s collection). Placer Co.: Ward Cr., 2 mi S Tahoe City, VIII-24-1966 (LACM). Siskiyou Co.: Mt. Shasta, McBride Spr., 5,000', VII-21-1966 (UCB). Idaho: Shoshone Co.: 2 66, Wallace, V-17 & VII- 17- 1938 (author’s collection, UMSP). Nevada: Elko Co.: Thomas Cyn. Camp, 9 mi SSE Lamoiile [sic = Lamoille], 7,500', VII-4-1966 (AMNH). White Pine Co.: Lehman Cr., 11 km W Baker, 7,500', VII-25-1981 (author’s collection). Other material. 3229 as follows: U.S.A.: California: Inyo Co.: Sage Flat Camp, 10 mi W Big Pine, VII-20- 1 964 (CAS). Plumas Co.: 4 mi W Quincy, VI-24- 1 949 (UCD); 2 22, Johnsville, IX-27-1963 (UCD). San Bernardino Co.: Camp O’Ongo, nr. Run- ning Sprgs., VIII-25-198 1, 6,200' (LACM). Shasta Co.: Hat Creek P.O., VII- 16- 1955 (LACM). Siskiyou Co.: 222, Mt. Shasta, McBride Spr., VII-2 1-1966 (UCB). Tuolumne Co.: 322, Twain Harte, IX- 1/28, 4,000' (author’s collection, UCB, CAS). Idaho: Latah 4 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Co.: Moscow Mt., [no date] (WSU). Shoshone Co.: 17$$, Wallace, V-17/VII-29, 3,000' (author’s collection, CMP, UMSP). Oregon: Curry Co.: Harbor, VI- 10- 1963, beach at high tidemark (OSU). Jefferson Co.: 2 mi SE Suttle Lk., VIII- 13- 1983 (author’s collection). Utah: Utah Co.: 10 mi E Alpine, VIII-8-1953 (UCD). 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the following institutions and their curators for loaning study material: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Dr. Randall T. Schuh; California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dr. Paul H. Amaud; Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMP), Dr. Chen W. Young; Los Angeles County Museum (LACM), Dr. Charles L. Hogue; Oregon State University (OSU), Dr. John D. Lattin; University of California, Berkeley (UCB), Dr. J. A. Powell; University of California, Davis (UCD), Mr. Robert O. Schuster; University of Minnesota, St. Paul (UMSP), Dr. Philip J. Clausen; Washington State University (WSU), Dr. Richard S. Zack. I particularly thank Dr. John D. Lattin for providing financial support during my graduate studies at Oregon State University, where this work was begun, and Dr. James K. Liebherr and Mr. Steve Nichols of Cornell University for comments on the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Aspock, H., U. Aspock and H. Holzel. 1980. Die Neuropteren Europas. Krefeld, Goecke & Evers, 2 vols. Carpenter, F. M. 1940. A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, Berothidae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae and Dilaridae (Neuroptera). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 74:193-280. Nakahara, W. 1960. Systematic studies on the Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera). Mushi 34:1-69. Tjeder, B. 1961. Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 4. Family Hemerobiidae. In: B. Hanstrom, P. Brinck, and G. Rudebec (eds.), South African Animal Life. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm 8:296-408. Zeleny, I. 1963. Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Czechoslovakia. Casopis Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Entomologicke 60:55-67. Received February 18, 1986; accepted May 6, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(l):5-9, 1987 EREMOCHILINI, A NEW TRIBE OF NEOTROPICAL EPILACHNINAE (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) Robert D. Gordon and Natalia Vandenberg Systematic Entomology Laboratory, BBII, Agricultural Research Service, USD A, % U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560 and 2634 Virginia Street #31, Berkeley, California 94709 Abstract.— A new tribe, Eremochilini (Epilachninae), is erected to contain the genus Ere- mochilus Weise which was previously misclassified in the subfamily Coccidulinae. Two species are recognized in Eremochilus-, E. peregrinus Weise, and E. weisei, new species. An examination of the unique female holotype of Eremochilus peregrinus Weise revealed that it belongs in the subfamily Epilachninae rather than in the Coccidulinae where it has resided since the original description. We find that a new tribe of Epilachninae, Eremochilini, is needed to contain Eremochilus and that the subfamily description must be altered slightly. The new tribe is integrated into the existing classification (Gordon, 1976) and a new key to the tribes of Epilachninae constructed. Four specimens in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM), the Universidad Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brasil (UFPC), and William H. Nutting (WHN), represent an unnamed species of Ere- mochilus which we describe here. We are indebted to Manfred Uhlig, Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, for the loan of the type specimen of Eremochilus peregrinus, and to R. Pope, British Museum (Natural History), London; J. Chapin, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; and E. Baker and R. Smiley, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, for reviewing the manuscript. Epilachninae Epilachniens Mulsant, 1 846: 1 90. Epilachninae Ganglbauer, 1899:947; Gordon, 1976:16. The following changes are made to the subfamily description by Gordon (1976: 1 6) in order to accommodate the Eremochilini: Occiput of head normal or expanded partially to partially shield base of mandible. Labrum present or absent. Labium with palpal insertion median, subterminal, or terminal. Antenna 10- or 1 1 -segmented, inserted in depression on inner side of eye, depression sometimes partially enclosing antennal base. Mesostemum with or with- out triangular notch medially on anterior margin for reception of prostemal process. KEY TO TRIBES OF EPILACHNINAE . Labrum absent; base of mandible with large, hairy pad (Fig. 1) . . Eremochilini, new tribe Labrum present; base of mandible without hairy pad 2 6 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) 2. Apex of tibia with at least one apical spur; leg slender, tarsus received in tibial groove; epipleuron descending externally or not, never with depression for apex of femur; form variable Epilachftini - Apex of tibia with or without spurs; anterior tibia short, wide; middle and hind tibiae with tarsus not received in tibial grooves, epipleuron always descending externally, nearly always with distinct depression for reception of femur; small; form round, convex Madaini Eremochilini, new tribe Epilachninae with body elongate oval, somewhat oblong. Head with occiput below eye expanded forward, partially enclosing mandible base. Labrum absent; mouthparts directed posteriorly; mandible long, base with hairy pad (Fig. 1). Antenna 10-seg- mented, club short, compact, 3-segmented. Pronotum short, transverse. Mesoster- num truncate apically, lacking notch for reception of prostemal process. Leg slender, tibia as long as femur, lacking apical spurs; tarsus received in shallow tibial groove; tarsal claw with subquadrate basal tooth. Postcoxal line complete, recurved to base of 1st abdominal sternum. The tribe currently contains only the genus Eremochilus. This genus is so aberrant in structure that Weise originally placed it near Rhyzobius in the subfamily Coccid- ulinae. The characters that are unusual in the Epilachninae are: occiput of head below eye produced forward, partially shielding base of mandible; absence of a labrum; mouthparts, including the mandible, extremely elongated and directed posteriorly between the front coxae; presence of a large, hairy pad at the mandible base; and 1 0- segmented antenna. However, the head shape, antennal placement, and multidentate mandibles are unmistakably epilachnine, and we transfer the genus accordingly. The Eremochilini appear to derive from the Epilachnini, suggesting that the latter group is paraphyletic. This topic is left for future discussion, as it requires a reas- sessment of the groups and group characters within certain Epilachnini (notably, the cacica group of Epilachna and the genus Dira as defined by Gordon, 1976). Eremochilus Weise Eremochilini with elongate body, sides nearly parallel, dorsal and ventral pubes- cence short, sparse. Clypeus very short anterior to antennal insertion; apex of man- dible with 3 teeth (Fig. 1); labial palpus inserted posterior to apex of mandible, immediately above prostemum. Epipleuron nearly flat, without depressions for re- ception of femoral apices. Postcoxal line on 1 st abdominal sternum not extending beyond middle of sternum. Apical abdominal sternum notched in male. Male gen- italia with short, broad sipho (Fig. 4). Host plant data are completely lacking for the members of this genus, which is most unfortunate. We consider Eremochilus to be a highly derived member of the Epilachninae rather than a primitive form, and knowledge of the host plant(s) might shed light on the reasons for the bizarre structural modifications of the mouthparts and unusual body form. 1987 A NEW TRIBE OF COCCINELLIDAE 7 Figs. 1-4. Eremochilus weisei. 1. Lateral view of head and pro- and mesostemum. 2-4. Male genitalia. 2. Ventral view of phallobase. 3. Lateral view of phallobase. 4. Lateral view of sipho. 8 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) KEY TO SPECIES OF EREMOCHILUS 1 . Clypeal apex emarginate; abdominal sterna 2-4 smooth, lacking transverse rugae; Bo- livia peregrinus Weise - Clypeal apex truncate; abdominal sterna 2-4 noticeably punctate, with transverse rugae in basal V3; Brasil weisei, n. sp. Eremochilus peregrinus Weise Eremochilus peregrinus Weise, 1912:1 18; Korschefsky, 1931:81. Description. Female, length 3.60 mm, width 2.20 mm, widest at middle of elytra. Color yellowish brown except elytron bluish black, apical Vi of mandible dark reddish brown. Head smooth, punctures separated by less than a diameter. Pronotum not examined. Elytron with surface smooth, punctures coarser than on head, separated by a diameter or less. Mesostemum polished, with fine, widely separated punctures. First abdominal sternum smooth except median area alutaceous with sparse punc- tures; postcoxal line extending to middle of sternum. Sterna 2-4 smooth with scat- tered punctures. Fifth sternum alutaceous, densely punctured, apex rounded. Sixth sternum and tergum entire, not apically emarginate. Genitalia with 10th tergum apically truncate; genital plate transverse with broadly rounded apex, stylus not visible. Male. Not known. Type locality. Bolivia, Mapiri. Type depository. Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, DDR. Remarks. The unique female holotype was the only specimen of this species avail- able for study. It was badly damaged in shipment and the pieces are now glued to a card mount. All parts were retrieved except the pronotum and legs so it was possible to examine the most important structures. The holotype is labeled “Bolivia Mapiri (green paper)/Mapiri Bolivia/Typus (red paper)/Eremochilus peregrinus m/Zool. Mus. Berlin.” Eremochilus weisei, new species Description. Male, length 3.60 mm, width 2.20 mm, widest at middle of elytra. Color yellowish brown except head and mesostemum dark brown, apical V3 of man- dible dark reddish brown; pubescence yellowish white. Head smooth, polished, punc- tures separated by 1 or 2 times a diameter. Pronotum with lateral border finely margined, slightly explanate, surface polished, punctures separated by one to 3 times a diameter. Elytron with surface slightly alutaceous, punctures larger than on prono- tum, separated by a diameter or less. Mesostemum polished with fine, widely scat- tered punctures. First abdominal sternum smooth with coarse punctures medially, separated by less than a diameter; postcoxal line not quite reaching middle of sternum. Sterna 2-5 with transverse rugae on basal V3, punctures becoming progressively coarser and denser from 2nd through 5th sterna; apex of 5th sternum notched. Genitalia with basal lobe longer than paramere, tapered to triangular apex; paramere slender (Figs. 2, 3); sipho with denticles at apex and on dorsal margin just before apex (Fig. 4). Female. Similar to male except 5th abdominal sternum triangularly produced 1987 A NEW TRIBE OF COCCINELLIDAE 9 medially; 6th sternum and tergum entire. Genitalia with 1 Oth tergum convex; genital plate with lateral margin angled to rounded apex, stylus not visible. Variation. Length 3.40 to 4.0 mm, width 2.0 to 2.30 mm. One paratype differs strongly in color pattern: head reddish brown with black vertex, and elytron, pro-, meso-, and metastema, and median area of abdominal sterna 1-4 black. Type material. Holotype, Brasil, Estado de Sao Paulo, Aug 31, 1919, EG Holt Collector (USNM). Three paratypes with the following data: Brasil, Nova Teutonia, SC, V-1966, XII- 1966, F. Plaumann col; Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27 1 V B 52 23' L, Fritz Plaumann (UFPC; USNM; WHN). Remarks. In addition to the key characters, E. weisei differs from E. peregrinus in having the head less densely punctured, and the elytra yellowish brown or black rather than bluish black. The female genital plates are completely different in shape between the 2 species. LITERATURE CITED Ganglbauer, L. 1899. Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Vol. 3, Familienreihe Staphylinoidea, 2, Theil: Familienreihe Clavicomia. Wien, 1046 pp. Gordon, R. D. 1976. A revision of the Epilachninae of the Western Hemisphere (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1493:1-409. Korschefsky, R. 1931. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 118, Coccinellidae I. Berlin, 224 pp. Mulsant, E. 1 846. Histoire naturelle des Coleopteres de France: Sulcicolles-Securipalpes. Paris, 280 pp. Weise, J. 1912. Uber Hispinen und Coccinelliden. Arch. Naturg. A 12, 78:101-120. Received March 21, 1986; accepted April 8, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1):10-13, 1987 CARABUS AURATUS L. AND CLIVINA FOSSOR L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE): NEW RECORDS OF TWO INTRODUCED TAX A IN THE NORTHWEST AND NORTHEAST U.S.A. Robert E. Nelson1 and Ross A. Reynolds2 ‘Department of Geology and department of Physics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901-4799 Abstract. — Car abus auratus L. and Clivina fossor L. are newly recorded from Maine. The Pacific Coast distribution for C. fossor is extended to southern Oregon. The documentation of the spread of introduced taxa into exotic environments, and changes in their known ecological preferences in these new habitats, is often not completed until a major taxonomic revision or study of the fauna of a particular region is undertaken. Much of what is known of the distribution of many organisms is passed by word of mouth among professionals with access to major museum collections, and often does not appear in the published literature for decades. This kind of information, however, is critical to those who use fossil remains in geological contexts as indices of environmental change. Important questions to such studies include: how rapidly can a given group of organisms disperse into a new environment and thereby reflect changing environmental conditions? How variable are the habitats in which a given organism can survive? Numerous taxa, both plant and animal, have been introduced into North America since the advent of European colonization. (For instance, Hatch [1953] lists over 165 beetle taxa known to be introduced to the Pacific Northwest prior to 1952.) This report documents several new localities in the U.S. for two introduced Carabid beetle species, Carabus auratus L. and Clivina fossor L., both of which are apparently well established on this continent and presently expanding their respective ranges. The applicability of documenting the spread of these and other introduced taxa to the paleobiogeographic questions posed above presupposes that the artificial range extensions involved reflect uninhibited expansion without significant competition, as would be the case, for instance, with insects expanding into recently deglaciated terrain. In the case of the flightless Carabus auratus, this range extension after initial introduction has likely been almost entirely accomplished by walking of both larval and adult individuals, occasionally augmented by human transportation in farm products, etc. Its spread northwards in New England is likely limited by the lack of suitable habitat; natural environments in this region are dominated overwhelmingly by hardwood and conifer forests. The only other species of Carabus taken in asso- ciation with C. auratus is C. nemoralis Muller, also a European introduction into North America, although several individuals of the native species C. serratus have been collected in this same region (Nelson, unpubl. data). In the case of Clivina fossor, the power of flight vastly improves the chances of individual beetles to disperse in search of new suitable habitats, and it should be 1987 CARABIDAE NEW TO NORTH AMERICA 11 expected that this species would exhibit rapid range expansion once established. Palmen (1944; cited in Thiele, 1977) found it one of the more abundant Carabid species washed ashore along the southwest coast of Finland, evidence that this species does indeed utilize flight as a means for dispersal into new habitats. It is highly likely that its present range on both the east and west coasts of the U.S. extends considerably beyond that documented here. It is unlikely as well that this species faces significant competition from native species, particularly in disturbed agricultural areas, consid- ering its southwards range expansion on the Pacific Coast by at least 20 km/yr since 1953. On the Atlantic Coast, it could very well have been in Maine for decades and remained undetected, inasmuch as this region has not been extensively collected and vast areas remain relatively unstudied. CARABUS AURATUS LINNAEUS Eighteen specimens of this distinctive, metallic green species have been recovered recently in the central Maine area, and numerous others have been observed but not collected. The species is apparently well established there. Lindroth (1961, p. 37) noted only that it was “a late introduction and established only in the coastal districts of New England.” The localities reported here are some 40-50 miles inland from the coast and may well represent both inland and northwards expansion of the range from that previously recognized. The Smithfield specimen documented below was collected in an open stable yard, whereas the specimens from Sidney, Maine, were collected in a densely vegetated hayfield which has been mowed twice annually for decades. This site has recently been disturbed for construction of a home. Thiele (1977) noted that in Europe, the species is more common on cropland than in meadows or pastures, but it has not been observed in Maine in cultivated fields. Both the Smithfield and Sidney sites are in rural areas where it is more likely that this flightless species has become naturally established rather than artificially intro- duced from a distant population in southern New England. Decimal coordinates for the more recent specimens listed below (for both species) follow Crawford (1 983) as a means of precisely locating sites with a minimal number of characters. Localities. MAINE: Somerset Co./ Smithfield: 44°46'N, 69°25'W/ VI- 1984/ C. W. Ridky, coll. (1 specimen); Kennebec Co./ Sidney: 44.489°N, 69.689°W/1 l-VI-1985/ R. A. Reynolds, coll. (1 specimen); Kennebec Co./ Sidney: 44.489°N, 69.689°W/ 14- VI- 1985/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (1 specimen); Kennebec Co./ Sidney: 44.489°N, 69.689°W/ 10-V-1986/ R. E. Nelson & R. A. Reynolds, coll. (6 specimens: 1 male, 5 females); Kennebec Co./ Sidney: 44.489°N, 69.689°W/ 18-V-1986/ R. E. Nelson & R. A. Reynolds, coll. (9 specimens: 6 males, 3 females). C LI VINA FOSS OR LINNAEUS According to Lindroth (1961, p. 161), this species was introduced into eastern Canada in 1915, and in the U.S. A. is known from just Washington State. Lindroth only recorded the species from the eastern half of Canada, although Finlayson and Campbell (1976) have since noted populations estimated at as many as 11,000 individuals per hectare in the lower Fraser River valley of southwestern British 12 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Columbia. As regards the U.S. records, Lindroth cited Hatch (1953), who stated that the species was found in “western Washington, Seattle and vicinity” (Hatch, 1953, p. 66). Ecologically, Lindroth (1961) indicated that C. fossor was found “in North America on cultivated, usually clayish soil” (Lindroth, 1961, p. 161). Larochelle (1976), how- ever, has recently reported collecting the species by treading in an undisturbed marshy embayment in Quebec. Thiele (1977) notes that in Europe it is a species of moist meadows and agricultural land, including pastures. The new records presented in this report indicate that: (a) on the Pacific Coast, C. fossor has expanded its range in Washington State to east of the Cascade Range, as well as southwards at least into southernmost Oregon; (b) the species has extended its range southwards along the Atlantic Coast at least as far as central Maine; and (c) the environments in which it is found on both coasts of the U.S. now include a wide variety of undisturbed natural habitats. The specimens reported here have been collected in a boggy pasture with abundant organics and a clay-rich substrate (Edmonds, Washington); in a relatively dry pasture with a silty sand substrate (Kittitas Co., Washington); at the margin of cultivated fields (Somerset Co., Maine); in a moist, grassy pasture (Sidney, Maine); by treading in an extensive grass and cattail marsh (Belgrade, Maine); under rocks on the gravelly banks of small, shaded streams (Raging River, Washington; Messalonskee Stream, Maine); on sandy river banks in full sun (here in association with C. oregona Fall) (Snohomish River, Washington); and on exposed lake beaches of either coarse sand (Katahdin Lake, Maine) or sandy mud (Emigrant Lake, Oregon). The cultivated field and pasture sites are the only ones that resemble Lindroth’s (1961) habitat description for the species in North America; the grass/cattail marsh resembles the habitat de- scribed by Larochelle (1976). The others represent previously unreported records of the utilization by this species of undisturbed natural habitats on this continent. Such broad ecological tolerance should be expected for a successful colonizer such as this species, but whether the individuals collected represent isolated colonizers or rep- resentatives of established, breeding populations has not been determined. Localities. WASHINGTON: King Co.: Raging River, 2 km NNE of Preston/ under rock by stream/ 28-IV-1979/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (1 specimen); King Co./ 3.5 km East of Redmond/ in Juncus litter in boggy pasture/ 7-VI-1981/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (2 specimens); Snohomish Co.: Snohomish River, Monroe/ 16-V-1982/ R. E. Nelson, coll, [on sandy river bank in full sun— in company of C. oregona Fall] (1 specimen); Snohomish Co.: Snohomish River, Monroe/ 23-V-1982/ R. E. Nelson, coll, [on sandy river bank in full sun— in company of C. oregona Fall] (1 specimen); Kittitas Co.: 1 1 km ENE of Cle Elum/ under log in pasture/ 18-IV-1981/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (1 specimen). OREGON: Jackson Co.: Emigrant Lake/ 22-IV-1982/ R. E. Nelson, coll, [taken under debris on moist, muddy lake shore] (1 specimen). MAINE: Somerset County/ 44.594°N, 69.702°W/ 23-IV-1983/ R. E. & G. M. Nelson, coll, [under stones, margin of cultivated field] (2 specimens); Kennebec Co.: Messalonskee Stream/ 44.568°N, 69.686°W/ 26-V-1983/ R. E. Nelson, coll, [under stone on gravelly, shaded stream margin] (1 specimen); Kennebec Co.: Belgrade/ 44.448°N, 69.834°W/ treading in marsh/ 9-VII-1984/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (1 specimen); Kennebec Co.: Sidney/ 44.447°N, 69.744°W/ under log in pasture/ 27-IV-1986/ R. E. Nelson, coll. (1 spec- 1987 CARABIDAE NEW TO NORTH AMERICA 13 imen); Piscataquis Co.: Katahdin Lake/ 29-VIII-1984/ R. E. Nelson, coll, [coarse, sandy lake margin in undisturbed area] (1 specimen). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Chip W. Ridky for collecting and donating the first specimen of C. auratus documented in this note. We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for careful and critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. All specimens of C. fossor and a representative short series of C. auratus mentioned here presently are in the collection of the senior author. Additional specimens of C. auratus will be deposited in the collections of Dr. Sanford R. Leffler (Seattle, Washington), Mr. Paul Johnson (University of Idaho, Moscow), the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts), and the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Natural Science Division of Colby College. Moral support was provided by the Powdermilk Biscuit Company of Lake Wobegon, Minnesota. LITERATURE CITED Crawford, R. L. 1983. Grid systems for recording specimen collection localities in North America. Syst. Zool. 32:389-402. Finlayson, D. G. and C. J. Campbell. 1976. Carabid and staphylinid beetles from agricultural land in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. British Columbia 73: 10-20. Hatch, M. H. 1953. The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest, Part I: Introduction and Adephaga. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 340 pp. Larochelle, A. 1976. Quelques Carabidae dans une baie marecageuse. Cordulia 2(4): 138. Lindroth, C. H. 1961. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XX, 200 pp. Palmen, E. 1944. Die anemohydrochore Ausbreitung der Insekten als zoogeographischer Faktor. Ann. Zool. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 10:1-262. Thiele, H.-U. 1977. Carabid beetles in their environments. Springer-Verlag, New York, 369 pp. Received March 26, 1986; accepted June 17, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1): 14-1 8, 1987 INFECTIVITY OF EIGHT SPECIES OF ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI TO THE LARVAE OF THE ELM BARK BEETLE, SCOT YTUS MULTI STRIA TUS (MARSH AM) Celeste Houle, George C. Hartmann, and S. Salman Wasti Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island 02908 Abstract. — Eight species of entomogenous fungi were tested for infectivity to the larvae of Scolytus multistriatus. Larvae were inoculated with varying dosages by immersing them in spore suspensions and then incubated at 21°C. High levels of mortality were obtained for most of the test species; Cordyceps militaris was not infective under these conditions. Increased spore concentrations of the test fungi did not significantly affect percentage mortality with 7 of the 1 1 strains of the fungal species tested. Varying temperatures produced complex effects on the host-parasite relationship. The vector of Dutch elm disease (DED), Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Sco- lytidae), has been the focus of control procedures because of its accessibility. It has been reported to be susceptible to several species of entomogenous fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus, and Verticil- lium lecanii (Barson, 1976, 1977; Doberski, 1981a, b). Direct control of the causal fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi, has been much more difficult because it is found mainly in the host’s xylem vessels. Pseudomonas syringae has been reported as an effective bacterial antagonist to C. ulmi under both in vitro and in vivo conditions (Holmes, 1954; Myers and Strobel, 1983; Scheffer, 1983). Fungal growth inhibitors of the DED pathogen have been studied by Gibbs and Smith (1978) and Gemma et al. (1984). The objectives of the present study were to demonstrate the infectivity of entomogenous fungi to the DED vector, Scolytus multistriatus , under varying ex- perimental parameters. The complementary infectivity of entomogenous fungi to the insect vector and antagonism to the DED pathogen, C. ulmi, were also established. Treatment of diseased elms with these entomogenous fungi would initiate simulta- neous activity against the vector and the pathogen. METHODS Eleven strains of entomogenous fungal species were evaluated for their infectivity to Scolytus multistriatus : Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill: RS 252, ATCC 26156 (B. tenella ), and a Russian strain; Cordyceps militaris Link: ATCC 26848; Meta- rhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin: ATCC 22099; Hirsutella thompsonii (Fisher): ATCC 24874; Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson: Missouri strain; Paecilomyces far- inosus (Dicks, ex Fr.) Brown and Smith: ATCC 24319; P. fumoso-roseus (Wise) Brown and Smith: ATCC 16312; Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas: RH 15-74, ATCC 26854. Stock cultures of each organism were grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) with the exception of N. rileyi which was grown on Sabouraud maltose agar supplemented with 1% yeast extract (SMYE) and incubated at 24°C for 7 days. 1987 FUNGI INFECTING SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS 15 Inoculum for the infectivity studies was prepared by growing each fungal strain on appropriate agar in 10 Petri plates. After 14 days, spores were collected by flooding each of the ten plates with sterile Triton X-100 (0.01%) solution and rubbing off the spores with a bent glass rod. Spore suspensions of each strain were diluted with sterile Triton X-100 (0.01%) solutions to yield the following final concentrations: 103 spores/ ml, 104 spores/ml, and 105 spores/ml and used immediately after preparation. Vi- ability of each suspension was confirmed by plating it out on appropriate medium. Larvae of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) were obtained from infected elm logs supplied by Dr. John Peacock of the Northeastern Forest Station, Delaware, Ohio. Groups of 30 larvae were washed with 10 ml of sterile Zephiran chloride (1:750) solution for one minute, rinsed with sterile Triton X-100 (0.01%) solution and in- oculated with a spore suspension using techniques developed by Doberski (1981a) modified by the insertion of a circular disc, made of fiberglass screening, at the bottom of a syringe barrel to prevent loss of larvae. After inoculation, larvae were transferred to sterile moist chambers; each larva was covered with a sterile vented plastic test tube cap (1.5 cm i.d.). Thirty larvae (10 per moist chamber) were used to replicate each experimental variable tested. Ten larvae inoculated with sterile distilled water served as controls. For each fungal strain, the infectivity of 3 spore concentrations was determined at each of 3 temperatures, 21°C, 25°C, and 30°C. Inoculated larvae and controls were examined with a binocular dissection micro- scope at 24 hour intervals. Larvae that failed to respond to prodding with a blunt needle were scored as dead and placed on agar medium containing antibiotics to determine the cause of death. Mortality rates were statistically analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) program. Significant differences were further ana- lyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Duncan, 1955). RESULTS The percentage mortality of Scolytus multistriatus larvae produced by each of the 1 1 strains of entomogenous fungi at spore concentration of 103, 104, and 105 spores/ ml are presented in Table 1 . Varying levels of mortality were recorded and B. bassiana RS 252, M. anisopliae and P. fumoso-roseus produced 100% mortality at the highest dosage. Analysis of variance indicated a significant statistical difference between the control and treated larvae. Duncan’s (1955) Multiple Range Test showed a significant difference between the controls and the highest dosage. Lowest levels of mortality were produced by Cordyceps militaris, Hirsutella thompsonii and Verticillium lecanii and while higher dosages demonstrated mortality, the differences among the 3 dosages were not significant. The mortality response based on treatment with 105 spores/ml at varying tem- peratures is included in Table 2. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between the controls and the larvae exposed to 3 different temperatures. Duncan’s (1955) Multiple Range Test demonstrated significant differences between and within the 3 temperature regimes. B. bassiana RS 252, Russian strain, and ATCC 26156; M. anisopliae', and P. farinosus produced a decrease in percentage mortality at 25°C relative to 21°C and 30°C. Mortalities of those larvae inoculated with C. militaris and P. fumoso-roseus decreased with decreasing temperature. Inoculation with N. rileyi and V. lecanii ATCC 26854 resulted in a very slight increase in larval mortality 16 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 9 5( 1 ) Table 1 . Percentage mortality of S. multistriatus larvae 10 days after treatment with surface applied suspensions of fungal spores at 21°C. Test species Isolate number Dosage (spores/ml) Control (0) 103 104 105 B. bassiana RS 252 10 83 86 100 B. bassiana Russian strain 23 53 80 90 B. bassiana ATCC 26156 6 23 23 73 C. militaris ATCC 26848 30 23 40 36 H. thompsonii ATCC 24874 10 10 16 46 M. anisopliae ATCC 22099 6 56 66 100 N. rileyi Ig-Mo 23 66 73 83 P. farinosus ATCC 24319 6 10 20 76 P. fumoso-roseus ATCC 16312 0 33 56 100 V. lecanii ATCC 26854 13 46 50 56 V. lecanii RH 15-74 10 10 16 46 F = 14.103. P < 0.05. compared to mortality at 21°C and 30°C. V. lecanii RH 15-74 caused an increase in percent mortality at both 25°C and 30°C compared to mortality at 21°C. DISCUSSION Four species of fungi, B. bassiana RS 252, H. thompsonii, M. anisopliae, and P. fumoso-roseus were significantly more infective when applied at a concentration of 105 spores/ml and a temperature of 21°C. Percentage mortalities resulting from the treatment of larvae with the remaining fungal strains did vary significantly with spore concentration. For all strains, percentage mortalities were considerably higher than those of controls at spore concentrations of 105/ml and 104/ml. Only C. militaris was non-infective under these conditions. Temperature seems to have a variable effect on the host-parasite relationship and results are different from those reported for S. scolytus. Barson (1977) noted maxi- mum mortality of S. scolytus larvae infected with B. bassiana at 25°C and a decline in mortality at 30°C. Doberski (1981b) reported higher levels of mortality when experimental temperatures were increased from 2°C to 20°C. Barson (1977) correlated the decrease in infectivity at 30°C with temperature effects on larval growth, the fungus, and growth enhancement of secondary invaders. Similar factors may account for some of the results reported in this study. S. multistriatus may have different optimal temperature requirements from S. scolytus. Barson (1977) and Doberski (1981b) reported the long term survival of S. scolytus larvae at 5°C and 15°C. In this study, a series of tests at 1 6°C were discontinued because of high control mortality. Gemma et al. (1984) have reported on inhibitory interactions between C. ulmi and 1 1 strains of entomogenous fungi. B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and N. rileyi were antagonistic to both aggressive and non-aggressive strains of C. ulmi under 4 com- binations of light and temperature. One of these fungal species, M. anisopliae, showed high infectivity to the vector larvae. Entomogenous fungi that are inhibitory to both the causal agent, C. ulmi, and infective to the vector provide a multidimensional 1987 FUNGI INFECTING SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIA TUS 17 Table 2. Percentage mortality of S. multistriatus 1 0 days after treatment with surface applied suspensions of fungal spores (cone. 105 spores/ml) at three incubation temperatures. Test species Isolate number Incubation temperature 21°C 25°C 30°C Control Treated Control Treated Control Treated B. bassiana RS 252 10 100 13 53 20 100 B. bassiana Russian strain 23 90 36 36 33 93 B. bassiana ATCC 26156 6 73 6 30 30 83 C. militaris ATCC 26848 30 36 13 80 16 93 H. thompsonii ATCC 24874 10 46 23 23 — — M. anisopliae ATCC 22099 6 100 30 46 16 100 N. rileyi Ig-Mo 23 83 23 86 26 83 P. farinosus ATCC 24319 6 76 6 50 40 80 P. fumoso-roseus ATCC 16312 0 100 33 73 40 60 V. lecanii ATCC 26854 13 56 20 76 20 73 V. lecanii RH 15-74 10 46 80 83 10 100 F = 29.657. P < 0.05. control program against DED, and this possibility is enhanced by the safety of these fungi to nontarget hosts (Donovan-Peluso et al., 1980; Hartmann et al., 1979; Wasti et al., 1980). Determination of the infectivity of the antagonist— entomopathogen under experimental field conditions would confirm the effectiveness of this multi- dimensional biocontrol program over other unilinear control procedures. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, North Eastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall, Pennsylvania and a grant from the Faculty Re- search Fund of Rhode Island College. LITERATURE CITED Barson, G. 1976. Laboratory studies on the fungus, Verticillium lecanii, a larval pathogen of the large elm beetle (Scolytus scolytus ). Ann. Appl. Biol. 83:207-214. Barson, G. 1977. Laboratory evaluation of Beauveria bassiana as a pathogen of the elm bark beetle ( Scolytus scolytus). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 29:361-366. Doane, C. C. 1 959. Beauveria bassiana as a pathogen of Scolytus multistriatus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 52:109-111. Doberski, J. W. 1981a. Comparative laboratory studies on three fungal pathogens of the elm bark beetle, Scolytus scolytus : pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium ani- sopliae, and Paecilomyces farinosus to larvae and adults of S. scolytus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 37:188-194. Doberski, J. W. 1981b. Comparative laboratory studies on three fungal pathogens of the elm bark beetle Scolytus scolytus : effect of temperature and humidity on infection by Beau- veria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Paecilomyces farinosus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 37:195-200. Donovan-Peluso, M., S. S. Wasti and G. C. Hartmann. 1980. Safety of entomogenous fungi to vertebrate hosts. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 15:498-499. 18 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics 1 1:1-42. Gemma, J. N., G. C. Hartmann and S. S. Wasti. 1984. Inhibitory interactions between Ceratocystis ulmi and several species of entomogenous fungi. Mycologia 76:256-260. Gibbs, J. N. and M. E. Smith. 1978. Antagonism during the saprophytic phase of the life cycle of two pathogens of woody hosts Heterobasidion annosum and Ceratocystis ulmi. Ann. Appl. Biol. 89:125-128. Hartmann, G. C., S. S. Wasti and D. L. Hendrickson. 1979. Murine safety of two species of entomogenous fungi, Cordyceps militaris and Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus. Appl. Ento- mol. 14:217-220. Holmes, F. C. 1954. The Dutch elm disease as investigated by the use of tissue culture, antibiotics, and pectic enzymes. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 150 pp. Myers, D. F. and G. A. Strobel. 1 983. Pseudomonas syringae as a microbial antagonist against Ceratocystis ulmi in the apoplast of the American elm. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 73:389- 398. Scheffer, R. J. 1983. Biological control of the Dutch elm disease by Pseudomonas species. Ann. Appl. Biol. 103:21-30. Wasti, S. S., G. C. Hartmann and A. R. Rousseau. 1980. Gypsy moth mycoses by two species of entomogenous fungi and an assessment of their avian toxicity. Parasitology 80:419- 424. Received February 13, 1986; accepted June 17, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1): 1 9—22, 1987 AN ATTRACTANT FOR MUSHROOM FLIES (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE) J. A. Kamm, R. G. Buttery, and W. H. Robinson Forage Seed and Cereal Research Laboratory, USD A Agricultural Research Service, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; Western Regional Research Center, USD A Agricultural Research Service, Berkeley, California; and Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Abstract. — Several undescribed Megaselia spp. and M. pluralis (Wood) in this large genus of mushroom flies were attracted to 1 -phenylethanol in field tests. The highest concentration captured the most flies when the concentration ranged from 1-50%. Also, 2-phenylethanol was a weak attractant and captured ca. 10-fold fewer flies than did 1 -phenylethanol. A 1:1 ratio of these compounds captured significantly fewer flies than did 1 -phenylethanol alone. We predict these compounds will prove to be attractants for other mushroom flies. Most phorid flies feed on decaying animal or vegetable matter and play an im- portant role in recycling of nutrients. Members of the genus Megaselia occur in a wide range of habitats throughout the world (Robinson, 1971). The mushroom fly, Megaselia halter at a (Wood), is a well-known member of this taxon because it is a pest of cultivated mushrooms. In fact, a large number of Megaselia spp. feed on fungi, and more species may become pests due to increased mushroom production throughout the world (Chang and Miles, 1 984). Work is currently underway in Europe to identify volatile components present in mushroom house air capable of modifying oviposition behavior of M. halterata (Grove and Blight, 1983). Preliminary field tests identified several compounds with biological activity. During investigations in search of chemicals that modify behavior of forage pests (Buttery et al., 1982, 1984), a compound was discovered that attracted several species of Megaselia. We report here the results of subsequent field tests in several types of habitat containing phorid flies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field tests were conducted near Corvallis, Oregon, in the following habitats: red clover grown for seed, bluegrass grown for seed, mixed grass pasture, and a grove of oak trees with an understory of litter and mixed grasses. Pherocon 1 C traps were used in all tests with the bait placed in the center of the trap. Baits were prepared by dispensing 1 ml of the test compound (in hexane) into 1 1 x 17-mm red rubber stoppers (A. H. Thomas Co., Philadelphia, PA 19105) just prior to a test. The dosage of test compound ranged from 1 to 50% based on ml of compound per ml of hexane. Four replicates of each test concentration were exposed in the field at each test site in a randomized block design. Traps were positioned at least 20 m from other traps. Each replicate included an unbaited check trap that contained a stopper impregnated 20 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Table 1 . Number of Megaselia pluralis (Wood) in Pherocon 1 C traps ( ± baited with 10% 1 -phenylethanol in different habitats. standard deviation) Date Red clover Bluegrass Understory in stand of oak Mixed grass pasture April 30-May 4 0 4(1) 0 80 (4.2) June 5-1 1 45 (8.3) 0 0 162(14.5) July 9-13 118(14.9) 66(14.7) 453 (1.51) 227 (15.6) August 6-10 346 (7.23) 6(1.1) 189(1.31) 99(10.6) September 10-14 8 (0.7) 13(3.1) 26(1.9) 57 (8.7) with hexane only. In the habitat test, traps were deployed in each field for 5 days during the first week of each month from May through September. RESULTS The initial discovery that 1 -phenylethanol was an attractant for phorids was made in a field of red clover. A subsequent test was made in the same field to confirm the observation and determine the effect of dosage on trap catch. This test included traps baited with 1, 5, 10, and 50% 1 -phenylethanol and unbaited check traps. During September 21-26, 1983, four traps of each dosage captured 80, 377, 823, 1,145, and 1 1 Megaselia spp. specimens, respectively. At least three Megaselia species were captured and all were undescribed species. Voucher specimens of all species captured in these studies are in the insect collection at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. In 1984, a second test was conducted on different types of habitat using baits of 1 0% 1 -phenylethanol. The only phorid captured in all habitats was Megaselia pluralis (Wood) (Table 1). Based on these captures, the species was most abundant from June-August with an apparent peak in numbers during July. All habitats sampled revealed some M. pluralis, which suggests that the species is common in many types of habitat throughout the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This species has a wide distribution and occurs in a large number of habitats (Robinson, 1981). In an attempt to increase trap catch, we decided to test 1 -phenylethanol, in com- bination with the related compound 2-phenylethanol, a known attractant for antho- myiid flies (Ishikawa et al., 1983). Four traps of each dosage and/or combination shown in Table 2 were exposed in the field for three days during mid- August 1984. The 2-phenylethanol alone was a weak attractant compared with 1 -phenylethanol. None of the combinations of 1- and 2-phenylethanol produced trap catches com- parable to 1 -phenylethanol alone. DISCUSSION These tests have shown that 1 -phenylethanol is an attractant for both sexes of a number of species of Megaselia also known as mushroom flies. Flies definitely ini- tiated upwind anemotaxis in response to 1 -phenylethanol and were capable of fol- lowing a concentration gradient to the source in a trap. However, many flies did not enter the trap and instead aggregated in the vicinity of the trap, which suggests that 1987 PHORID ATTRACTANT 21 Table 2. Capture of Megaselia pluralis (Wood) in Pherocon 1 C traps baited with 10% 1 -phenylethanol, 10% 2-phenylethanol or combinations in different ratios. ml/bait No. captured* 1 -phenylethanol 2-phenylethanol 1 0 510a 0 1 34 b 0.1 0.9 98 c 0.9 0.1 266 d 0.5 0.5 330 d * Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly. 1 -phenylethanol may function as an aggregation attractant. Grove and Blight (1983) reported several compounds unrelated to 1 -phenylethanol as having some activity on M. halterata but found no 1 -phenylethanol in mushroom house air. However, both 1- and 2-phenylethanol and also the closely related acetophenone occur in mushrooms (Pyysalo, 1976; Yajima et al., 1981). None of these compounds has the type odor commonly associated with mushrooms. At present, 1 -phenylethanol ap- pears to be the most potent known attractant for Megaselia spp. with the possible exception of the sex pheromone of M. halterata (Baker et al., 1982). We suspect that 2-phenylethanol may be an attractant for other species of Megaselia because of the inhibitory effect on trap catch in our tests when used in combination with 1 -phenylethanol, indicating a sensitivity to both compounds. Often related compounds have similar functions in other species. Indeed, 1- and/or 2-phenyl- ethanol may prove to be an attractant for other Megaselia species, including the mushroom fly. We predict that 2-phenylethanol will prove as attractive to other species of Megaselia as 1 -phenylethanol is to M. pluralis and the undescribed species captured in our tests. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Contribution of USDA Agricultural Research Service in cooperation with the Agric. Exp. Stn., Oregon State University. This is Technical Paper No. 7805 of the latter. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA. LITERATURE CITED Baker, R., A. H. Parton, V. Bhaskar Rao and V. Jypthi Rao. 1 982. The isolation, identification and synthesis of 3,6-dimethylheptan-2,4-dione, a pheromone of the mushroom fly, Me- gaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae). Tetrahedron Letters 23:3103-3104. Buttery, R. G., J. A. Kamm and L. C. Ling. 1982. Volatile components of alfalfa flowers and pods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 30:739-742. Buttery, R. G., J. A. Kamm and L. C. Ling. 1984. Volatile components of red clover leaves, flowers, and seed pods: possible insect attractants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32:254-256. Chang, S. T. and P. G. Miles. 1984. A new look at cultivated mushrooms. BioScience 34: 358-362. Grove, J. F. and M. M. Blight. 1983. The oviposition attractant for the mushroom phorid 22 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Megaselia halter at a: the identification of volatiles present in mushroom house air. J. Sci. Food Agric. 34:181-185. Ishikawa, Y., T. Ikeshoji and Y. Matsumoto. 1983. 2-phenylethanol: an attractant for the onion and seed-corn flies, Hylemya antiqua and H. platuria (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 18:270-277. Pyysalo, H. 1976. Identification of volatile compounds in seven edible fresh mushrooms. Acta Chem. Scand. 30:235-244. Robinson, W. H. 1971. Old and new biologies of Megaselia species (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomol. 14:321-347. Robinson, W. H. 1981. Terminalia of North American species of group II Megaselia (Aphi- ochaeta), and descriptions of four new species (Diptera: Phoridae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 83:489-504. Yajima, I., T. Yanai, M. Nakamura, H. Sakakibara and K. Hayashi. 1981. Volatile flavor compounds of Matsutake-Tricholomam atsutake (Ito et Imai)-Sing. Agric. Biol. Chem. 45:373-377. Received February 28, 1986; accepted April 30, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(l):23-27, 1987 A DESCRIPTION OF THE MATURE LARVA AND COCOON OF THE BEE THYGATER (HYMENOPTERA; ANTHOPHORIDAE) Laurence Packer Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada1 Abstract.— The larva and cocoon of an undetermined species of the eucerine bee Thygater are described and the larva illustrated and compared with those of other eucerine genera. The conservatism in morphology exhibited by eucerine larvae extends to this genus. During the course of excavations of the nests of halictine bees at Ocosingo, Chiapas, Mexico in January 1985 (Packer, 1 985) three cocoons of an undetermined bee species were unearthed. Upon later dissection, two fully grown larvae and a partly decom- posed adult female bee were found inside the cocoons. The bee has been identified by Professor C. D. Michener as a member of the genus Thygater. Unfortunately, its poor condition makes it impossible to identify to the species level. According to the larval apoid catalogue produced by McGinley (unpubl.), larvae of this genus have not been previously described, although the nest architecture of one species, Thygater analis, has been studied by Rozen (1974). This paper is the first description of the larva of a bee of this genus. Additional comparative notes are made between the larva of Thygater and those of other eucerine species. NEST STRUCTURE The nest site has been described elsewhere (Packer, 1985). The Thygater cells were discovered at a depth of about 60 cm. It is not known whether the nest entrance had been in level ground or in the vertical side of the bank. Because the cells were discovered accidentally, few details of the nest architecture are available. The cells were oriented vertically and placed singly at the ends of short vertical burrows that probably represented two separate branches from the main entrance burrow. The nest architecture appears to be similar to that of Thygater analis (Rozen, 1974) and other eucerines (Bohart, 1964; Miliczky, 1985; LaBerge and Ribble, 1966; Rozen 1964, 1969, 1974). DESCRIPTION OF LARVA The following description is in the format of Rozen (1965) and is based upon 2 mature, predefecating larvae that were preserved in alcohol. Because of time con- straints on the day of excavation, no detailed description of the shape of the larvae was made. Furthermore, because of poor fixation, the preserved larvae do not retain 1 Present address: University College of Cape Breton, P.O. Box 5300, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P GL2, Canada. 24 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) their original overall shape. Nonetheless, in general habitus the larvae are of typical eucerine shape. Head (Figs. 1 , 2): Integument with a very few, short setae on head capsule, labium and maxillae; epipharyngeal and apical-dorsal surfaces of labrum, including labral tubercles, and apices of maxillae minutely spiculate; mandibular apices and articu- lations darkly pigmented; hypostomal ridges, labial and maxillary palpi, salivary lips and galeae weakly pigmented; abductor apodeme of mandible lightly pigmented and visible through mandibular corium in uncleared specimens; adductor apodeme with only a very small, apical section pigmented. Anterior and posterior tentorial arms and tentorial bridge well developed; dorsal arms less well developed, gradually nar- rowing to apex; posterior thickening of head capsule narrowly developed; pleuro- stomal and hypostomal ridges well developed; epistomal ridge weakly developed; median thickening well developed dorsally becoming weaker ventrally and disap- pearing below level of antennae (weakening is a result of the thickening becoming less deep, not less broad). Parietal band not visible. Broad depression evident between each antenna and median thickening. Antennal prominence low; papilla approxi- mately three-quarters as long as basal diameter. Clypeus more than two and one- half times as broad as median length; median length subequal to that of labrum; clypeo-labral suture distinct throughout. Labrum short, more than twice as broad as median length; labral tubercles fairly well developed; lateral lobes extending beyond both labral tubercles and median lobe ventrally. Mandibles (Figs. 3-5) massive; dorsal surface with a few very short setae which form band at level of beginning of apical darkening; dorsal surface irregular but not denticulate; mandibular apex bidentate, both teeth sharp-pointed, dorsal tooth longer; aboral surface with well developed prominence that bears 3 or 4 strong setae. Maxillae broadly rounded apically, pro- longed adorally with mesial surface rounded and dorsal oral surface straight; galeae shorter than basal diameter, appearing weakly bi- or tri-lobed; base of galea three- quarters as wide as base of maxillary palpus; maxillary palpus twice as long as its basal width. Width of prementum less than half that of the postmentum viewed from beneath, salivary lips broad, projecting, more than three times as wide as median length (upper and lower lips of equal length); labial palpi three times as long as basal width, only three quarters as long as maxillary palpi. Body: Predefecating larva robust, body strongly C-shaped. Integument devoid of spicules and setae, without obviously sclerotized areas. Spiracular atrium (Fig. 6) with four rows of tiny denticles; outer subatrium with three or four sections, each bearing one or two rows of denticles; outer rim of atrium projecting very slightly above general body surface. Tenth abdominal segment (Fig. 7) with anus apical, dorsal surface strongly convex. A deutonymph of a histiostomatid mite was discovered on the body of one of the larvae. COCOON The cocoon was almost identical to that described for Svastra obliqua obliqua (Rozen, 1 964) and Tetralonia (Rozen, 1 969; Miliczky, 1 985). There were three layers, the outer one was thin and “earthen” and probably represents the cell lining. The middle layer was red-brown and the inner layer amber and composed of fibers. The 1987 LARVAE OF THYGATER 25 Figs. 1-7. Thygater sp. mature larva: 1. Head— anterior view. 2. Head— lateral view. 3-5. Right mandible— dorsal, inner and ventral views. 6. Spiracle. 7. Apex of abdomen. 26 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) roof of the cocoon contained silken partitions with air spaces, as described for S. obliqua (Rozen, 1964), Tetralonia minuta (Rozen, 1969) and Thygater analis (Rozen, 1974). However, the roof was not as thick as that of S. obliqua, appearing more similar to those of Tetralonia. Material examined. Two mature, predefecating larvae and two cocoons from Oco- singo, Chiapas, Mexico, collected on the 25th of January, 1985. Larvae and cocoons are in the collection of the author, the mite has been placed in the Cornell University Insect Collections under GCE #86-0212-2. DISCUSSION As noted by Rozen (1965), and confirmed by McGinley (1981, plate 22), there is little diversity in the morphology of the mature larvae of eucerine bees. Adult eu- cerines also exhibit little diversity, although Thygater is one of the more distinctive genera (Michener, pers. comm.). The larva of Thygater, described here for the first time, indicates that the morphological conservatism of the larvae extends to this genus. Nonetheless, the larva of Thygater does show some differences from the other known eucerine larvae and these are described below. In the following discussion, data for other eucerines comes from the following sources —Melissodes sp. (Michener, 1953), Svastra (Rozen, 1964), Xenoglossa, Melissodes pallidisignata and Peponapis (Rozen, 1965), Florilegus (LaBerge and Ribble, 1966), Tetralonia minuta (Rozen, 1969) and T. hamata (Miliczky, 1985). The frontal outline of the head capsule is quite round, with only a narrow flattened area dorsally. The larvae of Xenoglossa, Peponapis and Melissodes pallidisignata appear similar in this respect, whereas that of Florilegus is widely flattened dorsally and those of Svastra, Tetralonia and Melissodes sp. are concave. The median thick- ening of the head capsule does not reach the epistomal suture. In this feature Thygater is similar to the larvae of X. angustior, X. fulva and Tetralonia hamata, but unlike the latter two species the thickening disappears by becoming gradually less deep rather than by tapering to a point. The depressions between the antennae and median thickening have not been reported for any other eucerine species. The labrum of Thygater has the lateral lobes extending beyond the median lobe and the labral tubercles. In this respect Thygater appears to be similar to the larvae of X. fulva, X. strenua, Peponapis and M. pallidisignata. The other species either have the labral tubercles, median lobe or both extending beyond the lateral lobes. The mandibles have a very well developed, seta bearing ridge on the aboral surface. Only the Melissodes described by Michener has such a strongly projecting ridge. The apices of the maxillae are prolonged adorally as in Xenoglossa and Peponapis but not as acutely as in Svastra. The dorsal surface of the tenth abdominal segment of Thygater is more strongly and uniformly convex than in any of the other species. In the tentative key to eucerine larvae produced by Rozen (1965) Thygater runs to the second half of the third couplet, along with Xenoglossa fulva, X. strenua and Peponapis fervens. Tetralonia hamata probably runs to this point also. The larva of Thygater can be distinguished from all of these species by the strongly projecting aboral mandibular ridge. 1987 LARVAE OF THYGATER 27 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank Professor C. D. Michener for identifying the partly decom- posed female Thygater and for commenting upon an earlier version of the manuscript. I thank Professor George Eickwort for identifying the mite. I am grateful for the comments of Jerome G. Rozen, Jr. which resulted in the clarification of several points and an improved manuscript. This article was written while the author was in receipt of an OGS graduate scholarship and publication charges were paid for by an NSERC research grant to Professor Knerer. The author gratefully acknowledges the sources of this funding. LITERATURE CITED Bohart, G. E. 1964. Notes on the biology and larval morphology of Xenoglossa strenua (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 40:174-182. LaBerge, W. E. and D. W. Ribble. 1966. Biology of Florilegus condignus (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), with a description of its larva, and remarks on its importance in alfalfa pollination. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59:944-950. McGinley, R. J. 1981. Systematics of the Colletidae based on mature larvae with phenetic analysis ofapoid larvae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 91:1-307. Michener, C. D. 1953. Comparative morphological and systematic studies of bee larvae with a key to families of hymenopterous larvae. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 35:987-1 102. Miliczky, E. R. 1985. Observations on the nesting biology of Tetralonia hamata Bradley with a description of its mature larva (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 58:686-700. Packer, L. 1985. Two social halictine bees from southern Mexico with a note on two bee hunting philanthine wasps (Hymenoptera: Halictidae and Sphecidae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 61:291-298. Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1964. The biology of Svastra obliqua obliqua (Say) with a taxonomic de- scription of its larvae (Apoidea, Anthophoridae). Amer. Mus. Nov. 2170:1-13. Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1965. The larvae of the Anthophoridae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) part 1. Introduction, Eucerini, and Centridini (Anthophorinae). Amer. Mus. Nov. 2233:1-27. Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1969. Biological notes on the bee Tetralonia minuta and its cleptoparasite, Morgania histrio transvaalensis (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 71:102-107. Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1974. Nest biology of the eucerine bee Thygater analis (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 82:230-234. Received February 7, 1986; accepted April 7, 1986. J. New YorkEntomol. Soc. 95(l):28-33, 1987 NESTING BIOLOGY OF THE SQUASH BEE PEPONAPIS UTAHENSIS (HYMENOPTERA; ANTHOPHORIDAE; EUCERINI) Jerome G. Rozen, Jr. and Ricardo Ayala The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West & 79th St., New York, New York 10024 and Estacion de Biologia Chamela, UN AM, Apartado Postal 2 1 , San Patricio, Jalisco 48980, Mexico Abstract.— Information is presented on nest architecture, provisioning, ontogeny and certain other aspects of the natural history of the squash bee Peponapis utahensis (Cockerell) and compared with what is known about other species in the genus. Resumen. — Se presenta informacion sobre la arquitectura de los nidos, aprovisionamiento de la celda, ontogenia y otros aspectos de la historia natural de la abeja de la flor de calabaza Peponapis utahensis (Cockerell). Estos datos son comparados con la informacion conocida para otras especies de este mismo genero. We present the following information on P. utahensis (Cockerell) to expand the understanding of the behavior and ecology of the bee genus Peponapis, all species of which are believed to pollinate squashes and gourds ( Cucurbita ). Heretofore, the nesting biologies of only Peponapis pruinosa (Say) (Mathewson, 1968) and P.fervens (Smith) (Holmberg, 1884; Michener and Lange, 1958) have been described. OBSERVATIONS Description of nesting site. This species visited flowers of an unidentified species of Cucurbita of the sororia group1 and nested at Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. We discovered the first nest entrance on October 1,1985, but subsequent rains obliterated it before excavation. The second nest, found on October 6, was within 30 m of the first, and we encountered a third adjacent to the second one during our excavations on October 8, 1985. All nests occurred in a partly cleared, horizontal area (Fig. 1) in the woods adjacent to Arroyo Chamela, within 100 m of the closest Cucurbita patch. The forest canopy shaded all three entrances for most if not all of the day, and herbaceous vegetation 30 cm high also partly obscured two of the entrances. The soil was homogeneous, moist, loose, coarse sand, with little organic content except for a few roots, from the surface to a depth of about 40 cm, below which it became finer, more clay-like and compact. Many other species of bees occurred in the area, including Xenoglossa gabbii (Cresson), which visited the same food plants as Peponapis. Considering the large 1 P. utahensis has also been observed at the flowers of Cucurbita pepo, Lujfa sp., Schizocarpum longisepalum Jeffrey (all Cucurbitaceae) and Ipomea nil Roth (L.) and Ipomea sp. (Convol- vulaceae). 1987 NESTING IN PEPONAPIS UTAHENSIS 29 number of Peponapis utahensis foraging early in the morning, we must not have discovered the main nesting area. Although Triepeolus, Epeolus, and Odyneropsis were collected in the region, no parasitic bees flew around the nest entrances, and we did not recover their immatures in excavated cells. Description of nest. Although we did not observe the opening to the third nest, the entrances of the other two were unplugged and surrounded by small concentric tumuli. Just below the surface, the main tunnel of the second nest (Fig. 2), 7.0 mm in diameter, gave rise to a short lateral (antechamber) several centimeters long, extending hori- zontally and ending blindly. The open main burrow meandered slightly but descended generally vertically. Whereas the burrow of the second nest was being constructed and was open its entire length, that of the third nest was filled with sand so that it was not detectable except below, where the finer substrate contrasted with the coarser sand fill. At the depth of 50 cm, the open burrow of the second nest widened and an open lateral extended outward about 5 cm and rose about 1.5 cm before bending downward and connecting to an open, partly provisioned cell. The wall of the lateral was unlined and absorbed water readily when tested. Filled laterals (Figs. 2, 3) leading to completed cells were indistinguishable from the substrate. All cells (Fig. 4) were vertical and arranged singly. Radially symmetrical, they were elongate, 8. 0-9.0 mm in maximum diameter (4 measurements) and 14.0-15.0 mm long (2 measurements from bottom of cell to rim of closure). They gradually and evenly widened from their mouths (7.0 mm in diameter) to their maximum diameters about 5 mm from the bottoms. The lower part of each cell was broadly rounded. Hence their general shape and appearance were similar to that of other eucerines familiar to us. We encountered eight cells, all between the depths of 48 and 56 cm; some of these were associated with the third nest. Cells (Fig. 3) ranged from 5.0 to 15.0 cm from the main tunnel. Cell walls were smooth, darker than the substrate on excavation, and not certainly plastered, although in some cases the soil immediately adjoining the lining seemed slightly denser than the substrate. (In cells of some taxa, the female seems to make a large excavation and then plasters the surface with a thick, smooth wall that, on drying, is distinct from and harder than the substrate. The actual process is not fully understood.) The lining was shiny, semitransparent, and extended from the bottom of the cell upward about 1 5 mm, to the level where the cell (or burrow) wall became rougher. The lining was waterproof when tested with a droplet. Several cell closures were deeply concave spirals of coarse soil on the inside with about 5 rows to the radius. Closures did not exhibit a smooth outer surface distinct from the fill of the lateral, as is the case with certain other anthophorids such as Exomalopsis { Rozen, 1984). Provisioning and development. The yellow provisions were generally mealy-moist, although they may have become quite liquid on the surface in older cells. The provisions contained air spaces (vaculated) as with many other eucerines, but the strong cheesy odor often encountered in nests of other tribal members was scarcely noticeable. The pollen grains were large and uniform in size and shape. We did not encounter eggs, but did find small and intermediate larvae on top of the provisions, feeding around the periphery. A large intermediate larva (Fig. 4) rested on its side as it fed, and had created a central pillar of provisions. 30 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 1 . Ricardo Ayala excavating nest of Peponapis utahensis at Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. A single mature larva had started to defecate by placing elongate yellow fecal pellets overhead against the cell closure, as has been seen in other eucerines. No cocoons were encountered, but the larva possessed projecting salivary lips, an anatomical feature associated with cocoon production. Daily and seasonal activity. This species flew early in the morning. On October 1, we heard the first females on the open flowers at about 6:30 a.m. when it was still too dark to see them. Their greatest period of activity extended between 6:30 and 7:00 a.m., at which time we could observe them together with the X enoglossa gabbii, a less abundant species at Chamela. Charles D. Michener (in lit.) collected “one or two in flight about 10:00 a.m., and two males in closed flowers at midday.” Peponapis utahensis as well as other species in the same genus and Xenoglossa gabbii were active only from September to the first days of November, coinciding with the flowering of Cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae in the region. 1987 NESTING IN PEPONAPIS UTAHENSIS 31 Figs. 2-4. 2. Nest of Peponapis utahensis, side view. 3. Same, top projection at cell level. 4. Diagram of closed cell showing closure, provisions, and feeding intermediate stage larva, side view. Scales refer to Figures 2 and 3, and 4, respectively. 32 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) DISCUSSION We can compare the nesting biology of three species of Peponapis, as follows: Peponapis {Peponapis) pruinosa (Mathewson, 1968), P, ( Colocynthophila ) fervens (Holmberg, 1884; Michenerand Lange, 1958), and P. {Eopeponapis) utahensis (pres- ent paper). As indicated, each species belongs to a different subgenus, as recognized by Hurd and Linsley (1970). All three species nest in flat or nearly flat ground in the general vicinity of the pollen source, Cucurbita, and apparently only a single female occupies a nest. Whereas utahensis nests were shaded, those of fervens and apparently also pruinosa were exposed to the sun. Burrow entrances of all species are normally surrounded by concentric tumuli, and main burrows of nests under construction are open. For utahensis, there is an in- dication that burrows of completed nests are filled. Females of both utahensis and pruinosa construct short blind horizontal tunnels (antechambers) connecting to the main tunnel just below the ground surface, but antechambers are not reported for fervens. The main burrow of fervens is described as vertical and very straight; of pruinosa, vertical but sometimes taking “a spiral course to circumvent buried ob- stacles”; for utahensis, meandering slightly but generally descending vertically through a homogeneous substrate. Cells of fervens were found 20-60 cm deep by Michener and Lange (1958) and 12 cm by Holmberg (1884); those of pruinosa, 12-22 cm; and those of utahensis, 48-56 cm. Cells occur 4-7 cm from the main burrow in fervens, within 12 cm in pruinosa, and 5-15 cm in utahensis. Laterals ascend somewhat before connecting to cells in fervens and utahensis, but descend in pruinosa. With all species, laterals are filled with soil after cell closure. Cells of all three species (and indeed of all eucerines familiar to us) are vertical and radially symmetrical. Cells of fervens and utahensis are about the same size (8-9 mm in maximum diameter, 1 4- 16 mm long); those of pruinosa are slightly smaller (6.5-7 mm in diameter, 13 mm long). Although none of the species exhibited clearly plastered cell walls, those of fervens are reported to be harder than the substrate. Cell linings are somewhat shiny in all cases. In all three species, the provisions are placed in the bottom of the cell. Consistency of the food at the time of deposition needs further study as do changes in consistency through time. Information on the cell closure of pruinosa is missing, but the closure of fervens is “rough on the inside and shows no spiral pattern,” and that of utahensis, deeply concave on the inside and with a distinct spiral. We predict that further observations will reveal that all Peponapis have spiral, deeply concave cell closures. All three species place their feces against the inner surface of the closure, and un- doubtedly all three spin cocoons. Hence, in most respects nest architecture, cell provisioning, and ontogeny of these three species are similar. The above information suggests that there may be mean- ingful differences from one species to another with respect to certain features, such as choice of nest site, depth of nests, compactness of cell arrangement in a nest, cell size, inclinations of lateral tunnels, and consistency of provisions. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is an outgrowth of the Programa Cooperative sobre la Apifauna Mexicana (PCAM). We wish to thank the officials of the Estacion de Biologia Chamela in Jalisco, Mexico, especially 1987 NESTING IN PEPONAPIS UTAHENSIS 33 Dr. Stephen H. Bullock and M. en C. Luis Alfred Perez Jimenez, for their hospitality and assistance during the course of the fieldwork. We also thank Dr. Charles D. Michener, one of a group of apoidologists who accompanied us on this trip, for carefully reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Holmberg, E. L. 1884. Himenopteros de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay. An. Soc. Cientifica Argentina 18:201-228. Hurd, P. D., Jr. and E. G. Linsley. 1 970. A classification of the squash and gourd bees Peponapis and Xenoglossa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Univ. California Pubs. Entomol. 62, 39 pp. Mathewson, J. A. 1968. Nest construction and life history of the eastern cucurbit bee, Pe- ponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Jour. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 41:255-261. Michener, C. D. and R. B. Lange. 1958. Observations on the ethology of neotropical antho- phorine bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 39:69-96. Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1984. Comparative nesting biology of the bee tribe Exomalopsini (Hyme- noptera, Anthophoridae). Amer. Mus. Novitates 2798, 37 pp. Received February 10, 1986; accepted April 8, 1986. I J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(l):34-56, 1987 NEOTROPICAL MIRIDAE, CCXXXIV: NEW SPECIES OF RESTHENINI (HEMIPTERA) J. C. M. Carvalho and J. C. Schaffner Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, R. J., Brazil and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Abstract.— The following species are described as new: Prepopsoides jaliscoensis from the state of Jalisco, Mexico; Prepops bicoloroides from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico; Prepops en- glemani from Panama; Prepops nicaraguensis from Nicaragua; Prepops nuevoleonensis from the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Prepops vittatus from the state of Campeche, Mexico; On- cerometopus mexicanus from the states of Zacatecas and Mexico, Mexico; Platytylus binotatus from the state of Jalisco, Mexico; Platytylus rubriventris from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico; and Platytylus veracruzensis from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The tribe Resthenini as it exists in the Western Hemisphere has been rather thor- oughly reviewed during recent years in papers by Carvalho and Fontes (1969a, b, 1970a, b, c, 1971a, b, c, d, e, f)> Carvalho (1974a, b, c, 1975, 1976) and Carvalho and Schaffner (1974a, b, 1975). Since the publication of these papers, undescribed forms have continued to appear in collections. The purpose of this paper is to add some of these species to our knowledge of the tribe. Prepopsoides jaliscoensis, new species Fig. 1 Description. Female (holotype). Length, 9.88 mm; width, 3.12 mm. Head length, 0.60 mm; width through eyes, 1.44 mm; vertex width, 0.68 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.56 mm; II, 2.92 mm; III, 2.16 mm; IV, 1.68 mm. Pronotal length, 1.80 mm; width, 2.60 mm. Cuneal length, 1.44 mm; width, 0.76 mm. General coloration black with red and pale yellow areas; head red with clypeus and area of frons immediately adjacent fuscous to black; basal segment of antenna light fuscous, remaining segments dark fuscous to black; second segment of rostrum lutescent, remaining segments fuscous to black; pronotum red with black spot behind each callus; mesoscutum and scutellum red; remainder of thorax red; hemelytron black with embolar area and outer margin of cuneus pale yellow; coxae red, remainder of legs light fuscous with apices of tibiae black, tarsi black; abdomen red, valvula black. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. Pubescence short and dense. Antennal segments I and II with some dark erect hairs at least twice as long as diameter of segment. Femur with dark erect hairs almost as long as diameter of femur. Basal % of tibiae with dark erect hairs much longer than diameter of tibia with hairs becoming shorter, more dense and less erect on apical Vs. Abdomen with erect light hairs. Male unknown. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 35 Fig. 1 . Prepoposoides jaliscoensis, female. 36 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Holotype. 9, MEXICO: Jalisco, 14 miles S of Autlan, August 3, 1978, Plitt and Schaffner. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes. 9, same data as holotype; 3 99, Jalisco, 15 mi SW Autlan, July 15, 1983, Ko varik, Harrison, Schaffner. Deposited in the collection of the Department of Ento- mology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. The species is named after the Mexican state in which it was collected. Prepops occidentalis Carvalho and Schaffner is hereby transferred to Prepopsoides, New Combination. The members of the genus Prepopsoides can be easily distin- guished as follows: 1 . Pronotum with fuscous or black markings 2 Pronotum uniformly lutescent to red schumanni (Distant) 2. Hemelytron black with embolium and outer margin of cuneus light; over 9 mm in length 3 Hemelytron light fuscous, embolium occasionally slightly lighter; cuneus lighter varying to almost entirely orange; less than 7 mm in length occidentalis (Carvalho & Schaffner) 3. Scutellum with basal comers fuscous binotatus Carvalho & Schaffner Scutellum uniformly red jaliscoensis, n. sp. The genus Prepopsoides differs from other genera of the tribe Resthenini by having prominent, long, dense hairs on the basal two antennal segments, the tibiae and the apices of the femora. The head and pronotum lack the long setae. Prepops bicoloroides, new species Figs. 2-5 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 7.04 mm; width, 2.48 mm. Head length, 0.40 mm; width through eyes, 1.44 mm; vertex width, 0.52 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.80 mm; II, 3.00 mm; III, 1.32 mm; IV, 1.24 mm. Pronotal length, 1.16 mm; width, 1.80 mm. Cuneal length, 1.08 mm; width, 0.64 mm. General coloration black with reddish lutescent areas; head with clypeus fuscous, remainder reddish lutescent; first antennal segment fuscous, becoming darker api- cally, remaining segments black; rostrum fuscous; pronotum as seen from above black with collar, area of calli with continuous triangular middorsal inflection and sides reddish lutescent; mesoscutum light fuscous; scutellum and hemelytron black; coxae lutescent; trochanters lutescent to fuscous, remainder of legs fuscous to black; pleural and sternal regions of thorax and abdomen lutescent; apex of genital capsule and parameres fuscous to black. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. Body with very short pubescence, almost glabrous, hairs of antennae very short, those of tibiae and femora longer. Genitalia. Vesica (Fig. 3) with several sclerotized spiculi and membranous lobes; left paramere (Fig. 5) falciform; right paramere (Fig. 4) small, curved at apex. Female unknown. Holotype. <$, MEXICO, Oaxaca, 1.6 mi north of Putla, August 3, 1976, Peigler, Gruetzmacher, R. & M. Murray, Schaffner. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Discussion. This species closely resembles P. bicolor (Distant) in color as well as color pattern. The head of P. bicoloroides does not project as far anteriorly as does 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 37 that of P. bicolor and the femora are primarily shades of fuscous rather than orange or lutescent as in the case of the latter species. The overall size of P. bicoloroides is smaller. The first antennal segment is 0.8 mm in length while in P. bicolor it is longer than 1.0 mm. Prepops englemani, new species Figs. 6-9 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 7.60 mm; width, 2.36 mm. Head length, 0.44 mm; width through eyes, 1.52 mm; vertex width, 0.80 mm. Length of antennal 38 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 3-5. Prepops bicoloriodes. 3. Vesica. 4. Right paramere. 5. Left paramere. segment I, 1.56 mm; II, 3.20 mm; III, 2.44 mm; IV, 1.92 mm. Pronotal length, 1.70 mm; width, 2.44 mm. Cuneal length, 1.16 mm; width, 0.60 mm. General coloration black and lutescent; head reddish lutescent with clypeus, apex of lorum, broad area of vertex, small areas behind antennal socket and behind eye black; antennae black; rostrum fuscous to black; anterior region of pronotum lutes- cent, area posterior to calli black with narrow reddish lutescent line at interface between lutescent and black coloration; mesoscutum and scutellum lutescent; hem- elytron black, pleural and sternal regions of thorax lutescent; bases of coxae reddish lutescent, remainder of legs dark fuscous to black; abdomen reddish lutescent. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. First antennal segment longer than width of head. Pubescence of body extremely short, appearing glabrous above. Genitalia. Vesica (Fig. 7) with three lobes with apical sclerotization; left paramere (Fig. 9) long, falciform, apex spine-like; right paramere (Fig. 8) small, pointed apically; pygophore without lateral prongs. Female (paratype). Length, 8.60 mm; width, 2.92 mm. Head length, 0.60 mm; width through eyes, 1.68 mm; vertex width, 0.88 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.68 mm; II, 3.36 mm; III, 2.64; IV, missing. Pronotal length, 1.68 mm; width, 2.52 mm. Cuneal length, 1.36 mm; width, 0.68 mm. Similar to male in color and form. Holotype. 6, PANAMA, B de T, Rio Changuinola, 9°17'N, 82°32'W, 24-27 Jan. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 39 Fig. 6. Prepops englemani, male. 40 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 7-9. Prepops englemani. 7. Vesica. 8. Right paramere. 9. Left paramere. 1980. Col: D. Engleman. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratype. 2, same date as holotype. Deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Discussion. Prepops englemani is very similar in coloration to P. turrialbanus Carvalho & Schaffner. The body length of P. englemani is less than 9 mm whereas P. turrialbanus specimens exceed 10 mm in length. The aedeagi of the 2 species differ in form. This species differs from P. nigricollis (Reuter), P. persignandus (Distant) and P. rubrovittatus (St&l) by having a greater amount of lutescent coloration on the anterior portion of the pronotum and also by the structure of the male genitalia. The species is named in honor of Dr. Dodge Engleman who has generously provided us with material for study. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 41 Fig. 10. Prepops nicaraguensis, male. Prepops nicaraguensis, new species Figs. 10-15 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 6.40 mm; width, 2.32 mm. Head length, 0.64 mm; width through eyes, 1.24 mm; vertex width, 0.56 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.96 mm; II, 2.00 mm; III, 1.64 mm; IV, 1.20 mm. Pronotal length, 1.20 mm; width, 2.04 mm. Cuneal length, 0.84 mm; width, 0.72 mm. 42 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 11-15. Prepops nicaraguensis. 11, 12. Vesica. 13. Right paramere. 14. Left paramere. 15. Pygophore. General coloration dark fuscous to black and reddish lutescent; head reddish lu- tescent with clypeus, vertex except along eyes, lorum and buccula dark fuscous to black; base of antennal segment I pale, remainder of antenna dark fuscous to black; rostrum dark fuscous to black; pronotum reddish lutescent with dorsum of collar, area between calli, broad middorsal area extending to posterior margin and lateral margins fuscous to dark fuscous; mesoscutum black becoming lutescent laterally; scutellum black; hemelytron black; pleural and sternal areas of thorax mainly fuscous with reddish lutescent areas primarily on propleuron and along edge of pleural scler- ites; legs with coxae, trochanters and femora light to dark fuscous, tibiae and tarsi black; underside of abdomen lutescent to reddish lutescent with genital capsule light fuscous. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. Pubescence of body short, fairly dense. Genitalia. Vesica (Figs. 11, 12) with two sclerotized spiculi and membranous lobes; 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 43 left paramere (Fig. 14) falciform with numerous dorsal setae; right paramere (Fig. 1 3) small, curved; pygophore (Fig. 1 5) with short prong on left upper margin. Female (paratype). Length, 7.20 mm; width, 2.80 mm. Head length, 0.52 mm; width through eyes, 1.32 mm; vertex width, 0.60 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.00 mm; II, 2.20 mm; III, 1.68 mm; IV, 1.28 mm. Pronotal length, 1.40 mm; width, 2.40 mm. Cuneal length, 1.00 mm, width, 0.80 mm. Similar to male in color and form. Holotype. <3, NICARAGUA: Esteli, 13.4 mi NW Sebaco, 17 June 1972, CA-3, R. R. & M. E. Murray. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C. Paratypes. 17<3<3, 3729, same data as holotype. Deposited in: the J. C. M. Carvalho collection, Rio de Janeiro, R. J., Brazil; the collection of the Department of Ento- mology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and in the collection of the Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, U.N.A.M., Mexico City. Discussion. This is one of several species occurring in the same geographic area having very similar color patterns. It appears to be most similar to P. latipennis (St&l) and P. plenus (Distant). The pubescence on the dorsal surface of P. latipennis spec- imens is about as long as the diameter of the second antennal segment whereas it is much shorter on individuals of P. plenus and P. nicaraguaensis. Prepops nicara- guaensis specimens have dark fuscous coloration on the humeral comers of the pronotum which usually extends anteriorly along the lateral margin. The middorsal fascia is wide. Although the humeral angles of the pronotum of individuals of P. plenus may sometimes be dark fuscous, the coloration seldom continues along the lateral margins of the pronotum. The middorsal pronotal fascia of P. plenus is usually not wider that V5 the width of the pronotum (measured across the base). Prepops nuevoleonensis, new species Figs. 16-19 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 7.84 mm; width, 2.60 mm. Head length, 0.44 mm; width through eyes, 1.28 mm; vertex width, 0.60 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.04 mm; II, 2.56 mm; III, 1.36 mm; IV, 1.28 mm. Pronotal length, 1.24 mm; width, 2.04 mm. Cuneal length, 1.08 mm, width, 0.72 mm. General coloration black and red; head red, clypeus fuscous; antenna black; rostrum dark fuscous to black; pronotum red with edge of humeral angle dark fuscous; meso- scutum red; scutellum red with apex and narrow middorsal line light fuscous; hemel- ytron black; remainder of thorax and abdomen red; coxae red and faintly fuscous, remainder of legs dark fuscous. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. Pubescence short, fairly dense, hairs arising from margin of embolium longer than width of embolium. Antennae, femora and tibiae with semierect hairs longer than diameter of parts from which they arise. Genitalia. Vesica (Fig. 17) with membranous lobes, without sclerotized spiculi; left paramere (Fig. 19) falciform, apex terminating in point; right paramere (Fig. 18) small, simple; pygophore without lateral prongs. Female unknown. 44 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 16. Prepops nuevoleonensis, male. Holotype. 6, MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Zaragoza, July 3, 1973, Mastro & Schaffner. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. This species is named after the Mexican state in which it was collected. Discussion. Prepops nuevoleonensis has a red and black color pattern that is very 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 45 Figs. 17-19. Prepops nuevoleonensis. 17. Vesica. 18. Right paramere. 19. Left paramere. similar to that of P. atripennis (Reuter). The femora, except for their apices, are red on specimens of P. atripennis and entirely black in the case of P. nuevoleonensis individuals. The pygophore of P. nuevoleonensis lacks lateral prongs whereas the pygophore of P. atripennis bears two, one on each side. Prepops vittatus, new species Figs. 20-23 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 6.80 mm; width, 2.12 mm. Head length, 0.40 mm; width through eyes, 1.20 mm; vertex width, 0.56 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.68 mm; II, 2.28 mm; III, 1.16 mm; IV, missing. Pronotal length, 1.24 mm; width, 1.92 mm. Cuneal length, 1.04 mm; width, 0.48 mm. General coloration black and reddish lutescent to yellowish brown; head reddish lutescent; rostrum lutescent, apex fuscous; antennal segment I and extreme basal area of second segment yellowish brown, remainder of antenna black; pronotum reddish lutescent with small, diffuse fuscous spot behind each callus; mesoscutum and scu- tellum reddish lutescent; hemelytron yellowish brown with area along claval com- missure and area between embolium and radial vein dark fuscous to black, membrane fuscous; coxae reddish lutescent, trochanters, femora and basal areas of tibiae yel- lowish brown, apices of tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous to black, femora with fuscous spots. 46 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 20. Prepops vittatus, male. Rostrum reaching apices of mid coxae. Vestiture above extremely short and sparse, head, thorax including scutellum and hemelytron appearing almost glabrous, hairs on abdomen pale, tibiae rather densely covered with fuscous to black hairs. Genitalia. Vesica (Fig. 21) with characteristic sclerotized spiculi; left paramere (Fig. 22) enlarged sub-basally, pointed apically; right paramere (Fig. 23) smaller in size with a blunt sclerotized apex; pygophore without lateral prongs. Female unknown. Holotype. 6, MEXICO: Campeche, 31.5 mi N Hopelchen, Aug. 1, 1980, Schaffner, 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 47 Weaver, Friedlander. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C. Discussion. The color pattern (Fig. 20), especially that of the corium, distinguishes P. vittatus from all other known species of the genus. Oncerometopus mexicanus, new species Figs. 24-28 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 4.80 mm; width, 1.96 mm. Head length, 0.32 mm; width through eyes, 1.04 mm; vertex width, 0.52 mm. Length of antennal 48 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 24. Oncerometopus mexicanus, male. segment I, 0.40 mm; II, 1.24 mm; III, 0.88 mm; IV, 0.60 mm. Pronotal length, 0.88 mm; width, 1.72 mm. Cuneal length, 0.48 mm; width, 0.68 mm. General coloration red and fuscous to black; head black with jugum, lorum and gena with reddish cast; rostrum fuscous to black; antenna dark fuscous to black; pronotum red with broad middorsal area fuscous to reddish fuscous; mesoscutum and scutellum dark fuscous to black; hemelytron red with apical region of embolium and restricted area at base of wing fuscous, apical % of clavus and adjacent part of corium extending apically parallel with hemelytral commissure and continuing along margin of membrane fuscous, cuneus black; remainder of thorax reddish fuscous to black; legs dark fuscous to black; abdomen reddish becoming fuscous posteriorly. Rostrum reaching or surpassing hind coxae. Pubescence of head, thorax including scutellum and hemelytron scattered, short, appearing almost glabrous. Genitalia. Vesica (Figs. 25, 26) with five sclerotized spiculi; left paramere (Fig. 28) enlarged sub-basally, falciform, with long dorsal setae; right paramere (Fig. 27) some- what globose, apex pointed. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 49 Figs. 25-28. Oncerometopus mexicanus. 25, 26. Vesica. 27. Right paramere. 28. Left par- amere. Female (paratype). Length, 5.60 mm; width, 2.28 mm. Head length, 0.40 mm; width through eyes, 1.16 mm; vertex width, 0.60 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.40 mm; II, 1.24 mm; III, 0.84; IV, missing. Pronotal length, 1.08 mm; width, 1.84 mm. Cuneal length, 0.76 mm; width, 0.56 mm. Similar to male in color and form. Holotype. 6, MEXICO: Zacatecas, 28 miles northeast Sierra Viejo, April 17, 1977, El. 6,600' ; Murray, SchafFner, Sweet. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes. 9, MEXICO: Mexico, 9.7 miles north of San Jeronimo, July 26, 1976, Piegler, Gruetzmacher, R & M Murray, SchafFner; 6, Coahuila, 1 5 mi S Saltillo, July 8, 1983, Ko varik, Harrison, SchafFner. Deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Differs from O. impictus Knight by the color of the pronotum and by the structure of the male genitalia. Platytylus binotatus, new species Figs. 29-32 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 12.20 mm; width, 4.20 mm. Head length, 0.80 mm; width through eyes, 1.88 mm; vertex width 1.00 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.40 mm; II, 3.20 mm; III, 2.40 mm; IV, 0.92 mm. Pronotal length, 2.04 mm; width, 3.28 mm. Cuneal length, 1.84 mm; width, 1.00 mm. General coloration black and lutescent; head, basal rostral segment and base and apex of second rostral segment lutescent, remainder of rostrum and antennae dark 50 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 29. Platytylus binotatus, male. fuscous to black; prothorax lutescent with calli and area immediately adjacent pos- teriorly dark fuscous; mesoscutum fuscous becoming lutescent laterally; scutellum and hemelytron black; remainder of thorax lutescent; coxae lutescent, remainder of legs dark fuscous to black; abdomen lutescent. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. Body shining and glabrous as seen from above with very short hairs visible on cuneus and edge of embolium; hairs on underside short, more dense on abdomen. Genitalia. Vesica (Fig. 30) with several sclerotized spiculi and membranous lobes bearing minute teeth; left paramere (Fig. 31) curved, thicker at base; right paramere (Fig. 32) smaller tapering apically. Female (paratype). Length, 12.04 mm; width, 4.28 mm. Head length, 0.92 mm; width through eyes, 1.92 mm; vertex width, 1.08 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.40 mm; II, 2.88 mm; III, 2.44 mm; IV, 0.96 mm. Pronotal length, 2.16 mm; width, 3.48 mm. Cuneal length, 1.72 mm; width, 1.04 mm. Similar to male in color and form. Figs. 30-32. Platytylus binotatus. 30. Vesica. 31. Left paramere. 32. Right paramere. 52 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 33. Platytylus rubriventris, male. Holotype. 6, MEXICO: Jalisco, 16 km N Autlan, July 31-Aug. 2, 1978. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes. 1$, 6 66, same data as holotype; 3 66. 9, same data except July 12-14, 1983, Kovarik, Harrison, SchafFner. Deposited in the J. C. M. Carvalho collection, Rio de Janeiro, R. J., Brazil, the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas and in the collection of the Instituto de Biologia U.N.A.M., Mexico City, Mexico. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 53 Fig. 34-37. Platytylus rubriventris. 34, 35. Vesica. 36. Left paramere. 37. Right paramere. Discussion. In the key to the species of the genus (Carvalho & Schaffner, 1975), this species exits at the last couplet. It resembles P. bisignatus Carvalho & Schaffner in that both have 2 fuscous markings or spots on the pronotum, however, those of P. bisignatus touch the posterior margin of the pronotum whereas those of P. bi- notatus do not. Platytylus binotatus has a black scutellum and P. bisignatus has an orange lutescent one. There are other color differences as well as differences in the genitalia. Platytylus binotatus most closely resembles P. notatus Carvalho & Schaff- ner. The major difference in coloration is one large single spot on the pronotum in the case of P. notatus and two spots on the pronotum of P. binotatus. There are also differences between the aedeagi of the two forms. Platytylus rubriventris, new species Figs. 33-37 Description. Male (holotype). Length, 7.84 mm; width, 2.80 mm. Head length, 0.60 mm; width through eyes, 0.60 mm; vertex width, 1.52 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.80 mm; II, 2.80 mm; III, 1.60 mm; IV, 1.36 mm. Pronotal length, 1.32 mm; width, 2.08 mm. Cuneal length, 1.24 mm; width, 0.80 mm. General coloration black and red; head with vertex, frons and clypeus fuscous to black, remainder red; antennae and rostrum black; pronotum black above, red on sides; mesoscutum black, red at lateral comers; scutellum and hemelytron black; pleural and sternal regions of thorax red; legs fuscous to black; abdomen red except for small fuscous area on venter of pygophore. 54 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 38. Platytylus veracruzensis, female. Rostrum reaching mid coxae. Lateral margins of pronotum rounded, carinate over procoxal cleft. Hemelytron, except for membrane, minutely granulate. Vestiture con- sisting of short sparsely set hairs above, hairs below slightly longer and more dense. Genitalia. Vesica (Figs. 34, 35) with 4 spiculi and membranous lobes, 2 with minute teeth; left paramere (Fig. 36) curved, thickened at base, pointed at apex; right par- amere (Fig. 37) smaller, curved at apex. Female (paratype). Length, 8.40 mm; width, 3.20 mm. Head length, 0.68 mm; width through eyes, 1.60 mm; vertex width, 0.80 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 0.92 mm; II, 2.64 mm; III, 1.60 mm; IV, missing. Pronotal length, 1.40 mm; width, 2.32 mm. Cuneal length, 1.28 mm; width, 0.84 mm. Similar to male in color and form. Holotype. 6, MEXICO: Oaxaca, 2.1 mi NW Totolapan, July 11-17, 1981, Bogar, Schaffner, Friedlander. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C. Paratype. 9, same data as holotype. Deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 1987 NEW RESTHENINI 55 Discussion. This distinctive species differs from other members of the genus by the minutely granulate nature of the embolium, corium, clavus and cuneus as well as by the coloration. In the key to members of this genus (Carvalho and Schaffner, 1975), P. rubriventris keys to the last couplet but clearly does not fit either of the choices. Platytylus veracruzensis, new species Figs. 38 Description. Female (holotype). Length, 1 1.20 mm; width, 4.32 mm. Head length, 0.80 mm; width through eyes, 1.68 mm; vertex width, 0.72 mm. Length of antennal segment I, 1.76 mm; II, 3.16 mm; III, 2.32 mm; IV, missing. Pronotal length, 2.04 mm; width, 3.40 mm. Cuneal length, 1.76 mm; width, 0.96 mm. General coloration black and reddish lutescent; head black with margin of lorum and anterior margin of buccula brown; antennae and rostrum dark brown to fuscous; prothorax reddish lutescent, pronotum with 2 dark fuscous, somewhat irregular fas- ciae each extending from anterior part of callus posteriorly towards, but not reaching, posterior margin of pronotum, fasciae running parallel to lateral margin thus diverging from one another posteriorly, mesoscutum black, faintly lutescent on middorsal line; scutellum reddish lutescent; mesepistemum and mesostemum primarily black, re- mainder of thorax reddish lutescent; hemelytron black with basal % of embolium, basal V5 of wing reddish lutescent; coxae, basal half of trochanters reddish lutescent, remainder of legs dark fuscous to black; abdomen black. Rostrum reaching posterior trochanters. Pubescence short and inconspicuous, ap- pearing glabrous above. Second antennal segment somewhat incrassate medially. Pronotum carinate only above procoxa. Male unknown. Holotype. 9, San Rafael, Jicaltepec, Vera Cruz, June 96. Deposited in the J. C. M. Carvalho collection, Rio de Janeiro, R. J., Brazil. Paratype. 9, same data as holotype. Deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. The species is named after the Mexican state in which it was collected. Discussion. This species keys to couplet 8 in the key to the species of Platytylus (Carvalho & Schaffner, 1975). The color pattern appears most similar to P. chiriquinus (Distant) because of the black head and mesoscutum. Platytylus veracruzensis differs, however, by having the dark fuscous fasciae on the pronotum covering and extending posteriorly from each of the calli. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Illustrations were prepared by Luiz Antonia Alves Costa and Paulo Roberto Nascimento under the direction of the senior author. Appreciation is also extended to Dr. H. R. Burke for his critical review of this manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Carvalho, J. C. M. 1974a. Mirideos neotropicais, CLXXI: estudos sobre a tribo Resthenini Reuter. VII. Descricao de Prepopsella n. gen. e seis especies novas (Hemiptera). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 46:303-310. 56 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Carvalho, J. C. M. 1974b. Neotropical Miridae, CLXXIV: Restheniella n. gen. (Resthenini) and Veramiris n. gen. (Herdoniini) from Brazil and Mexico (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil Biol. 34:461-466. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1974c. Neotropical Miridae, CLXXXV: descriptions of three new species of Prepops Reuter, tribe Resthenini (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 34:467-472. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1975. Mirideos neotropicais, CXCV: genero Opistheurista Carvalho e descricoes de navas especies da tribo Resthenini (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil Biol. 35:553- 560. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1976. Mirideos neotropicais, CCI: Platytyliscus, um novo genero de Resthenini (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 36:683-685. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1969a. Mirideos neotropicais CVI: estudos sobre o genero Prepops Reuter (I), Hemiptera. An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 41:259-275. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1969b. Mirideos neotropicais, CX: estudos sobre o genero Prepops Reuter (II) (Hemiptera). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 41:575-581. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1970a. Mirideos neotropicais, CXVI: estudos sobre o genero Prepops Reuter (III) (Hemiptera). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 42:367-388. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1970b. Mirideos neotropicaes. CXXII: estudos sobre o genero Platytylus Fieber, 1858 (Hemiptera). Studia Entomol. 13:440-462. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1970c. Mirideos neotropicaes, CXIX: sobre o genero Nanniresthenia Carvalho, 1961 (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 30:519-523. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1971a. Mirideos neotropicaes CXV. Adicoes e correcoes a tribo Resthenini Reuter (Hemiptera). Papeis Avulsos de Zool. 24:1 17-122. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1971b. Mirideos neotropicais, CXXIII: descricao de Platytyloides g. n., na tribo Resthenini Reuter (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 31:17-22. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1971c. Mirideos neotropicais, CXXIX: chave sistematica para os generos de tribo Resthenini Reuter (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 31:141-144. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 197 Id. Mirideos neotropicais, CXXXIII: estudos sobre o genero Prepops Reuter (V) (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 31:319-326. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1 97 le. Mirideos neotropicais, CXXVI: sobre a genero Chiloxionotus Reuter (Hemiptera). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 43:671-685. Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 197 If. Mirideos neotropicais, CXXXIV: estudos sobre o genero Prepops Reuter (VI). (Hemiptera). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 43:791-802. Carvalho, J. C. M. and J. C. Schaffner. 1974a. Neotropical Miridae, CLXXXIII: Prepopsoides and Zapotecoris new genera of Resthenini and a new species of Mabelia Kirkaldy (He- miptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 34:295-302. Carvalho, J. C. M. and J. C. Schaffner. 1974b. Neotropical Miridae, CLXXXVII: description of new species of Resthenini (Hemiptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 34:623-632. Carvalho, J. C. M. and J. C. Schaffner. 1975. Neotropical Miridae, CXCVIII: review of the genera Callichila Reuter and Platytylus Fieber (Hemiptera). Rev. Brazil. Biol. 35:705- 736. Received December 15, 1984; accepted February 24, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1):57— 6 1 , 1987 ORTHOTYLUS AESCULICOLA: A NEW PLANT BUG FROM MISSOURI (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: ORTHOT YLIN AE) R. L. Blinn Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 Abstract. — Orthotylus aesculicola is described as new from Missouri. This mirid was found breeding on Ohio buckeye, Aesculus glabra Willd. (Hippocastanaceae). The adult male and genitalia of the male and female are illustrated. The genus Orthotylus is a large group, with more than 1 00 species world-wide and 45 North American species listed in Carvalho’s (1958) Catalog. Henry (1979) de- scribed 3 new species from the United States. In addition, a number of Palearctic species have been recognized for North America: O. concolor (Kirschbaum) from Massachusetts (Knight, 1922), O. nassatus (Fab.) from Pennsylvania (Henry, 1977), and O. viridinervis (Kirschbaum) from Ontario, Canada (Henry and Wheeler, 1979). In this paper a new species of Orthotylus is described to provide a name to be used in a forthcoming paper on the life history of the plant bug fauna associated with Aesculus glabra Willd. The following abbreviations are for institutions and collections cited in this paper: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York; EMUM, Wilbur R. Enns Entomology Museum, University of Missouri-Columbia; RLB, Robert L. Blinn col- lection; TAM, Texas A&M University, College Station; USNM, U.S. National Mu- seum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. All measurements are in millimeters. Orthotylus aesculicola, new species Figs. 1-7 Diagnosis. The general black color, with contrasting yellowish green to pale green lateral margins of the pronotum and hemelytra, and the male parameres will separate aesculicola from all other North American Orthotylus. Description. Holotype male: Length 4.90-5.10, width 1.30-1.40, generally black with lateral margins of pronotum and hemelytra yellowish orange to pale green, dorsum with recumbent pale setae. Head: Length 0.38-0.43, width 0.76-0.80, vertex 0.35-0.38, shiny black with lora, gena, antennal fossae and narrow area bordering eyes yellowish orange. Rostrum: Length 1.15-1.33, attaining mesocoxae, pale green, apex darkened. Antennae: Black; I, length 0.44-0.50; II, 1.55-1.75; III, 0.85-0.93; IV, 0.49-0.58. Pronotum: Length 0.63-0.68, humeral width 1 .06-1 .21 , yellowish orange, posterior margins of calli (some paratypes with entire calli), area between calli and rays posterior of calli extending to basal margin black; propleura shiny black, ventral margin and xyphus pale green; mesoscutum black, lateral margins appearing paler; scutellum 58 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 1 . Orthotylus aesculicola, male habitus. 1987 A NEW SPECIES OF ORTHOTYLUS 59 Figs. 2-7. Orthotylus aesculicola. 2-5. Male genitalia. 2. Left paramere, dorsal-lateral view. 3. Spiculum. 4. Tergal process. 5. Right paramere, dorsal lateral view. 6, 7. Female genitalia. 6. Posterior view of sclerotized rings. 7. Posterior view of posterior wall. rugulose, black, with yellowish green median line (some paratypes lacking pale median line). Hemelytra: Black, lateral margins yellowish orange basally, distinctly pale green on apical %; cuneus pale green with inner margin infuscated; membrane and veins translucent infuscate. Mesostemum yellowish orange with dorsal lateral area black; metastemum black, scent gland peritreme pale green; abdomen yellowish orange to brown, dorsal lateral margin shiny black. Legs pale green, spines light brown; tarsi dusky, 3rd tarsal segments and claws brown. Genitalia: Right paramere C-shaped, distal arm acute with perpendicular median spinous process; proximal arm bifurcate with several short median spines along inner edge (Fig. 5). Left paramere deeply bifurcate, similar to that of other species of genus (Fig. 2). Spiculum (Fig. 3). Small tergal process on posterior margin of genital aperture left of the median line (Fig. 4). Female: Similar to male in color and pubescence; dark areas less extensive. Length, N = 9, 4.70-5.30, width 1.20-1.48. Head: Length 0.41-0.46, width 0.76-0.81, vertex 0.39-0.43. Rostrum 1.28-1.38. Antennae: I, length 0.45-0.50; II, 1.63-1.78; III, 0.88-0.98, N = 7; IV, 0.5 1-0.58, N = 7. Pronotum: Length 0.64-0.70, humeral width 1.1 1-1.21. Genitalia: Sclerotized rings (Fig. 6); posterior wall (Fig. 7). Holotype. 6: Missouri, Boone Co., Columbia, May 17, 1985, R. L. Blinn coll., taken on Aesculus glabra (USNM). Allotype. 2: same data as for holotype, May 30, 1985 (USNM). 60 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Paratypes. Same data as for holotype: 16, May 23, 1984 (EMUM); 16, May 24, 1984 (EMUM); 1$, June 1 1, 1984 (EMUM); 1$, May 3, 1985 (AMNH); 1$, May 7, 1985 (TAM); 16, May 17, 1985 (AMNH); 16, 39$, May 21, 1985 (RLB, EMUM); 566, 399, May 25, 1985 (EMUM); 266, June 1, 1985 (EMUM, TAM). Etymology. The specific epithet aesculicola refers to the host plant, Aesculus glabra (Hippocastanaceae). Remarks. Orthotylus aesculicola is the only species of the genus known to breed on A. glabra in North America; this early-season, univoltine species is the second plant bug known only from Missouri that breeds exclusively on A. glabra, the other being Lygocoris aesculi (Knight, 1953). Additional collecting early in the season in other states where A. glabra grows will undoubtedly increase the known range of O. aesculicola and L. aesculi. Orthotylus aesculicola appears closely related to O. affinis Van Duzee (1916) based on the similarity of the right parameres. Orthotylus aesculicola is recognized by the black antennal segments, the nearly black head, and smaller size. In affinis, the antennal segments are pale and the head is pale with the black areas reduced to two triangular marks on the vertex, two arcuate marks on the frons, and a spot at the base of the clypeus. Orthotylus aesculicola keys to dorsalis (Provancher) in Knight (1923, 1941) and Blatchley (1926); however, the color pattern and genital parameres of aesculicola will easily distinguish it from dorsalis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank T. J. Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C. for confirming the new species status of O. aesculicola ; P. H. Amaud, Jr., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco for loaning paratypes of O. affinis Van Duzee; T. R. Yonke, University of Missouri-Columbia for reviewing an earlier draft of this paper; and Susan Gowans for illustrating the adult habitus. Contribution from the Missouri Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series No. 9985. LITERATURE CITED Blatchley, W. S. 1926. Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America. Nature Publ. Co., Indianapolis, 1116 pp. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1958. A catalogue of the Miridae of the world. Part 3. Subfamily Ortho- tylinae. Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Jan. 47:1-161. Henry, T. J. 1977. Orthotylus nassatus, a European plant bug new to North America (Het- eroptera: Miridae). USDA Coop. Plant Pest Rep. 2(31):605-608. Henry, T. J. 1979. Descriptions and notes on five new species of Miridae from North America (Hemiptera). Melsheimer Entomol. Ser. 27:1-10. Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 1979. Palearctic Miridae in North America: records of newly discovered and little-known species (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 81:257-268. Knight, H. H. 1922. Nearctic records for species of Miridae known heretofore only from the Palearctic region (Heteroptera). Can. Entomol. 53:281-288. Knight, H. H. 1923. Family Miridae (Capsidae). Pages 422-658 in: W. E. Britton (ed.), The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. No. 34. 1987 A NEW SPECIES OF ORTHOTYLUS 61 Knight, H. H. 1941. The plant bugs or Miridae of Illinois. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22:1— 234. Knight, H. H. 1953. New species of Miridae from Missouri (Hemiptera). Iowa State J. Sci. 27:509-518. Van Duzee, E. P. 1916. Monograph of the North American species of Orthotylus (Hemiptera). Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6:87-128. Received February 28, 1986; accepted May 13, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(l):62-68, 1987 TWO NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PENTATOMINI FROM PERU AND BRAZIL (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) L. H. Rolston Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Abstract.— Two new monotypic genera, each based on a new species, are described from eastern Peru and western Brazil. These genera are among those of the Pentatomini tribe that do not have a median spine or tubercle at the base of the abdominal venter, and among the few South American genera of this group with much elongated ostiolar rugae. A key to these genera is provided. Among the genera of Pentatomini that do not have a basal spine or tubercle on the abdominal venter, there are seven occurring in South America that have markedly elongated ostiolar rugae. In these genera the length of the ostiolar ruga on each side is % or more of the distance from the mesial margin of the ostiole to the lateral margin of the metapleuron. Only one other South American genus among the genera of Pentatomini lacking a basal spine or tubercle on the abdominal venter has ostiolar rugae approaching this length. This genus, the monotypic Cauracia St&l, can hardly be confused with any other (Fig. 1). The seven genera in question do not form a phylogenetic group, but their much elongated ostiolar rugae distinguish them among more than half a hundred genera of Pentatomini in South America. The following key separates the seven genera. Two of these genera are new, each monotypic and each based on a new species. KEY TO GENERA 1 . Juga surpassing tylus, contiguous apically or leaving deep incision or emargination in apex of head (Figs. 2,7) 2 Juga no longer than tylus, or only slightly longer and either rounded apically or leaving shallow, quadrate emargination in apex of head (Figs. 3, 4, 13) 3 2(1). Metastemum obtusely produced with anterior, posterior and lateral buttresses (Fig. 9); apex of rostrum passing procoxae but not reaching mesocoxae; superior surface of femora unarmed apically Patanius, new genus - Metastemum nearly flat; apex of rostrum between or projecting beyond metacoxae; superior surface of femora projecting apically as small tooth (Fig. 6) . Chloropepla St&l 3(1). Femora armed on inferior surface with pairs of small tubercles (Fig. 15); imaginary line traversing head at posterior limit of reticulated portion of both eyes passing through ocelli when dorsum of head horizontal (Fig. 13) Senectius, new genus - Femora unarmed; ocelli behind or just touching such imaginary line (Fig. 3) 4 4(3). Rostrum projecting past abdominal apex; length of head before eyes about 9/w of greatest width before eyes Brasilania Jensen-Haarup - Rostrum reaching no farther than fifth visible stemite; length of head before eyes 8/10 or less of greatest width before eyes 5 1987 NEW NEOTROPICAL PENTATOMIDAE 63 Figs. 1-6. 1. Cauracia sexdens St&l, head and anterolateral pronotal angles. 2. Chloropepla vigens (St&l), head. 3. Arocera spectabilis (Drury), head. 4. Cyptocephala cogitabunda Berg, head. 5. Arocera spectabilis (Drury), anterior and anterolateral pronotal margins. 6. Chloropepla vigens (St&l), superior surface of femur distally. 5(4). Anterolateral margins of pronotum reflexed or rimmed, especially at anterolateral angles (Fig. 5); 12 mm or more in length or if smaller then yellow to red with conspicuous dark markings Arocera Spinola - Anterolateral margins of pronotum weakly reflexed at most; less than 12 mm in length 6 6(5). Parameres bilobed, finely denticulate between lobes Cyptocephala Berg Parameres acute or subacute apically, without denticles Thyanta St&l Patanius, new genus Type species. Patanius vittatus, new species. Diagnosis. Juga contiguous before tylus, broadly so or dehiscent, their lateral mar- 64 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) gins concave before anteocular projection. Interocular width about % width of head across eyes. Imaginary line traversing head at posterior limit of reticulated part of both eyes passing before ocelli when dorsum of head horizontal (Fig. 7). Antennae 4-segmented, basal segment projecting past apex of head. Each buccula a large lobe directed anteroventrad (Fig. 8). Basal segment of rostrum projecting beyond bucculae; rostral apex reaching beyond procoxae but not attaining mesocoxae. Scutellum about xh longer than wide at base; width at distal end of frena about 3/l0 of basal width. Costal angle of each corium reaching last tergite before genitalia. Anterior margin of propleura not produced. Ostiolar ruga on each side extending about 7/,o distance from mesial margin of ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron. Femora unarmed; tibiae weakly sulcate dorsally. Prostemum nearly flat. Mesostemum somewhat tumid, scarcely carinate mesially. Metastemum obtusely produced with buttress anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally between each mesocoxa and metacoxae (Fig. 9). Base of abdomen without mesial spine or tubercle. Parameres absent. Remarks. The absence of parameres is rare among pentatomoids, but among American pentatomines this characteristic is shared with an unnamed genus and with Rhyncholepta Bergroth, a genus containing two very similar species (Becker and Grazia- Vieira, 1971). Patanius vittatus, new species Figs. 7-12 Description. Predominately green with light yellow markings most evident as dorsal stripes; colors deteriorate to olive green and rusty yellow. Body length excluding hemelytral membranes about 10.5 mm. Lateral margins of juga, tylus, and sometimes vertex yellow. Lateral jugal margins strongly concave before obtuse anteocular process. Vertex convex. Width of head across eyes 2.05-2.2 mm, length from ocelli to apex 1.2-1.25 mm; interocular width 1 .2-1.3 mm; distance across ocelli 0. 8-0.9 mm. Ocelli rather large, 0.2 mm at greatest diameter. Antennal segments 1-4 about 0.6-0.65, 2. 4-2. 7, 1.8-2. 1, 2.1-2.25 mm long; basal segment green, remaining segments light brown. Pronotum with anterolateral margins and three intramarginal transverse bands yellow, calloused or subcalloused, impunctate or nearly so; two of these bands on anterior disk, separated by depression. Anterolateral margins straight; humeri pro- jecting a little laterad beyond base of hemelytra, narrowly rounded. Width of prono- tum at humeri 5. 4-5. 5 mm; mesial length 2. 3-2.4 mm. Yellow markings on scutellum consisting of: basal, calloused, caudally curved band connecting basal angles; subbasal chevron beginning submarginally on each side, pointing toward scutellar apex; thin mesial line connecting basal band and apex of chevron, continuing as broader band to scutellar apex; lateral scutellar margins from level of chevron to distal ends of frena. Each corium marked by four yellow bands, one basally on clavus, three on en- docorium as follows: one along clavical suture, one beginning about basal third of corium at R+M vein and curving across disk, one along distal third of R+M vein. Corial margins joining membranes subparallel; costal angle of each corium rounded. 1987 NEW NEOTROPICAL PENTATOMIDAE 65 Figs. 7-12. Patanius vittatus. 7. Head. 8. Bucculae and basal segment of labium (b, buccula; 1, labium). 9. Metastemum (mscx, mesocoxa; mtcx, metacoxa). 10. Genital plates (pt 8, para- tergite 8; pt 9, paratergite 9). 11. Pygophore, ventral view (ir, inferior ridge; pr, proctiger). 12. Pygophore, lateral view. Membranes hyaline, each with fumose streak near corium and four or five simple veins. Connexiva yellow to orange, their transverse sutures bordered on both sides with green to black band. Posterolateral angle of each segment projecting slightly, acute. Venter green, mottled with yellow, impunctate. Lateral margins of abdominal venter edged in black on both sides of sutures between stemites. Posterior margin of each basal plate broadly rounded; apex of 9th paratergite acute, of 8th paratergite right-angular (Fig. 1 0). Spiracle present on 8th paratergite. Posterolateral comers of pygophore acuminate, projecting well beyond last tergite before genitalia, their mesoventral surface concave, firmly attached to remainder of pygophore but largely separated in partially cleared pygophore by apparent, unpig- mented suture (Fig. 11); pair of large, subparallel, obtuse ridges flanking ventral 66 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) emargination of pygophore (Fig. 1 2). Inferior ridge almost membranous, nearly hor- izontal, mesially emarginate, largely closing ventral opening of proctiger distally. Proctiger without tubercles. Theca heavily pigmented, arcuate from lateral view, lacking lobes or appendages distally; median penial lobes joined at base ventrally, forming trough; penisfilum sigmoid, not projecting beyond median penial lobes; single conjunctival diverticulum dorsomedial, cylindrical, hyaline. Distribution. Brazil (Rondonia, Mato Grosso). Holotype. 6 labeled “Bresil, Rondonia” (white label pasted on purple label), “Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B., Bresil” (purple label). Part of four legs are glued to a card beneath the specimen. The genitalia are in an attached vial. Deposited in the Institute Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Bruxelles. Paratypes. 222, labeled as holotype; 2 labeled “Brazil, Mato Grosso: Vila Vera, 52°30' long., 12°46' lat. Oct. 1973. M. Alvarenga.” Senectius, new genus Type species. Senectius metallicus, new species. Diagnosis. Apex of head narrowly rounded, tylus a little longer than juga; lateral jugal margins concave above antennifers; anteocular processes lacking. Interocular width about half width of head across eyes. Imaginary line traversing head at posterior limit of reticulated part of eyes passing through ocelli when dorsum of head horizontal (Fig. 13). Antennae 5-segmented; basal segment reaching apex of head. Bucculae acutely toothed anteriorly, lobed posteriorly (Fig. 14). Basal segment of rostrum projecting beyond bucculae, rostral apex lying between metacoxae. Scutellar length and basal width subequal; width of scutellum at distal end of frena nearly 2.5 of basal width. Costal angle of each corium reaching last tergite before genitalia. Anterior margins of propleura not produced. Ostiolar ruga on each side reaching about 3A distance from mesial margin of ostiole to lateral margin of meta- pleuron. Femora armed on inferior surfaces with pairs of small tubercles, each bearing seta (Fig. 1 5); tibiae sulcate dorsally. Prostemum shallowly concave longitudinally with weak medial carina anteriorly. Mesostemum weakly carinate medially. Metastemum nearly flat, sloping slightly ventrad from anterior to posterior margin. Senectius metallicus, new species Figs. 13-16 Description. Ground color light brown to castaneous dorsally and light yellow to brownish yellow ventrally, with extensive areas of metallic green and black; a few ivory markings. Body length excluding hemelytral membranes about 7.5 mm. Dorsum of head metallic green, rather flat before eyes, lateral jugal margins slightly reflexed. Width of head across eyes 2.05 mm, length from ocelli to apex 1.2-1.25 mm; interocular width 0.95-1.0 mm; distance across ocelli 0.7 mm. Ocelli about 0.1 mm in diameter. Basal part of first antennal segments pale, remainder of antennae black; length of segments 1-5 about 0.4-0.45, 1.0-1. 1, 1. 1-1.3, 1.6, 1.65 mm (fused 4 + 5 in holotype 2.5 mm long). Rostral segments 2-4 about 1.0, 1.0, 1.3 mm long; first segment and base of second pale, remainder of rostrum fuscous. 1987 NEW NEOTROPICAL PENTATOMIDAE 67 pt 9 l U Figs. 13-16. Senecticus metallicus. 13. Head. 14. Buccula and basal segment of labium (b, buccula; 1, labium). 15. Femur. 16. Genital plates (bp, basal plate; pt 8, paratergite 8; pt 9, paratergite 9). Anterior, posterior and posterolateral pronotal margins and humeri bordered in metallic green. Transverse, impunctate band behind cicatrices and edge of antero- lateral margins cephalad of this band, light yellow. Anterolateral margins nearly straight. Pronotal width at humeri 4.6 mm, mesial length 1.9 mm. Mesial spot at base of scutellum, another at apex, ivory; tongue more or less metallic green. Width of scutellum at base 3.0 mm, at distal end of frena 1.1 mm; mesial length 2.9 mm. Exocorium and posterolateral angle of endocorium of each hemelytron metallic green; adjacent area of endocorium blackish, impunctate, with ivory spot; corial spots and spot on scutellar apex nearly in line. Distal margin of each corium concave, costal angle acute. Membranes of hemelytra heavily fumose, projecting well past apex of body; veins numerous, simple. Exposed portion of connexiva yellowish, immaculate excepting lateral edge of segments at and near posterolateral angles dark; these angles protruding slightly. Venter of head yellow. Thoracic venter metallic green, excluding dark evaporative areas, with yellow as follows: on prothorax a narrow border along anterior margin between eyes, narrow border along posterior margin, and broad lateral borders; on mesothorax lateral borders and posterolateral comers; on metathorax posterolateral comers; area bordering each supracoxal cleft. Coxae, trochanters and basal region of middle and hind femora yellow, remainder of legs dark brown to black. Abdominal venter yellow with stemites 2-4 (first three visible) black exclusive of broad borders laterally and sometimes a pair of spots near meson of stemite 4; on remaining stemites sutures between them, pseudosutures, and mesial line may be dark in part or whole. 68 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Basal plates convex proximally, quite concave distally, nearly reaching apex of abdomen (Fig. 16). Only apex of paratergite 9 exposed. Spiracles present on para- tergite 8. Male unknown. Distribution. Peru (Madre de Dios). Holotype. 9, labeled “Ob Madre de Dios, Garlepp V.” (green label); “Zool. Mus. Berlin” (yellow label). All of the left antenna except the basal segment, the tarsus of the left front leg, and the right middle leg beyond the trochanter are missing. Segments 4 and 5 of the right antenna are fused. Deposited in the Museum fur Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin. Paratype. 9, labeled as holotype. Rostrum damaged. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The genera and species described are based on specimens provided by Drs. U. Gollner- Scheiding (Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt Universitat), H. Schmitz (Institute Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Bruxelles) and Randall T. Schuh (American Museum of Natural History). I am indebted to Dr. Soren Langemark (Universitetets Zoologiske Museum) for the opportunity to examine the holotype of Brasilania fabulirostris Jensen-Haarup. LITERATURE CITED Becker, M. and J. Grazia- Vieira. 1971. Sobre o genero Rhyncholepta Bergroth, 1911, com a descri^ao de uma nova especie. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 31(3):389-399. Received November 15, 1985; accepted March 14, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95( 1):69— 72, 1987 DIAGNOSIS OF EPIPEDUS SPINOLA AND REDESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES, E, HISTRIO SPINOLA (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) L. H. Rolston Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Abstract.— The diagnostic characters of Epipedus Spinola, 1837, are enumerated and Cala- gasma Bergroth, 1914, synonymized with this genus. Epipedus histrio Spinola, 1837, type species by monotypy, is redescribed and a lectotype designated. Epipedus Spinola, 1837, a neotropical genus in the tribe Pentatomini, has been an enigma. The original diagnosis became inadequate with the accrual over the years of other genera in the tribe; and the syntypes of E. histrio Spinola, the type species by monotypy, were not generally available for study until the Spinola collection of Hemiptera was transferred in 1979 to the Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali di Torino. Through the kindness of A. Casale, a syntype of E. histrio was loaned to me. The genus is redefined and the species redescribed from this specimen. Epipedus Spinola, 1837 Epipedus Spinola, 1837:314-315. (Type species Epipedus histrio Spinola, 1837, by monotypy.) Calagasma Bergroth, 1914:432-433. NEW SYNONYMY. (Type species Calagasma margarita Bergroth, 1914, by monotypy.) Diagnosis. Juga strongly reflexed along lateral margins, converging over tylus api- cally. Relative to width of head across eyes: interocular width V2, distance across ocelli from lateral margin of one ocellus to lateral margin of other 2/5, length of head from apex to ocelli 7/io. Antennifers entirely visible from above; antennae 4-seg- mented; basal segment surpassing apex of head. Bucculae evanescent near base of head; first rostral segment extending slightly past bucculae. Anterolateral margins of pronotum entire, strongly reflexed from obtuse humeri to small tooth at each anterolateral angle; collar along anterior pronotal margin defined by deep sulcus. Scutellum subgibbose basally. Basal angles lacking foveae. Scutellar length subequal to basal width; width at distal end of frena about V3 of basal width. Prostemum slightly concave mesially, mesostemum weakly carinate, metastemum flat. Anterior propleural margins not produced. Each ostiolar sulcus spatulate, ex- tending about V3 distance from mesial limit of ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron. Femora unarmed. Superior surface of tibiae rounded expecting apex may be flat- tened or broadly rounded. Abdominal venter without mesial tubercle or spine at base. 70 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Comments. Bergroth proposed Calagasma apparently because of a statement Spi- nola made, and one he did not make, in the diagnosis of Epipedus. Bergroth contrasted Calagasma with his concept of Epipedus thus: “Voisin du genre Epipedus Spin., mais bien distinct par la structure et la sculpture singuliere de l’escusson et par les tibias cylindriques, en dessus, nullement trigones.” All Spinola wrote concerning the form of the scutellum was: “Ecusson triangular; extremite arrondie, ne depassant pas le quatrieme anneau dorsal.” He did not mention the prominent basal tumescence, which Bergroth undoubtedly assumed was absent and cited as an important contrast between Epipedus and Calagasma. Spinola also wrote: “Tibias trigones.” This state- ment is accurate only for the apices of all tibiae of E. histrio; the remainder of all tibiae of this species is cylindrical. As noted above, Bergroth stated that the tibiae of C. margarita are cylindrical. I do not believe that the differences between Epipedus histrio and Calagasma margarita are of more than specific value and therefore place Calagasma in the synonymy of Epipedus. The type specimen of Calagasma margarita was not located. My concept of the species is based on Bergroth’s detailed description. In the American Museum of Natural History there is a female specimen, deter- mined by Ruckes as Calagasma margarita, which conforms to the description of that species except that the posterior slope of the scutellar tumescence is punctate. In this specimen the apices of the front tibiae are flattened above and triangular. The remainder of the front tibiae is cylindrical as are all of the middle and hind tibiae. The former divergence from the description may represent intraspecific variation and the latter an oversight by Bergroth. Alternatively, this specimen may represent a third species of Epipedus. Epipedus histrio Spinola, 1837 Epipedus histrio Spinola, 1837:31 5-3 1 6 . Redescription. Head mostly rufous; tylus black with rufous lateral margins and brownish yellow base; vertex brownish yellow, bordered on each side by black line curving toward eyes anteriorly. Punctation consisting of single row of punctures on each side of vertex; most punctures within black line, a few anterior to it where black line diverges toward eye. Tylus slightly longer than juga, appearing shorter when insect viewed dorsally because of strongly reflexed lateral margins of juga (Fig. 1); these margins slightly sinuous. Width of head across eyes 2.45 mm; length from apex to ocelli 1.95 mm; interocular width 1.25 mm; distance from outer margin of one ocellus to outer margin of other 1.05 mm. Antennal segments 1-4 about 0.8, 3.6, 2.6, 2.5 mm long; basal segment rufous, remaining segments brownish yellow with distal tenth of second and distal halves of third and fourth fuscous. Rostral segments 2-4 about 1.1, 7.5, 8.5 mm long; apex of rostrum reaching posterior limits of me- socoxae. Pronotum brownish yellow; extensive rufous markings partially enclosed in black (Fig. 3). Row of punctures in sulcus behind collar continuing submarginally for short distance along anterolateral margins; V-shaped, sparsely punctate band of punctures divides pronotum transversely; pronotum elsewhere impunctate. Cicatrices obscure. Humeri little produced, obtusely angulate. Pronotal width 7.4 mm at humeri, mesial length 2.5 mm. 1987 DIAGNOSIS OF EPIPEDUS 71 Figs. 1-4. Epipedus histrio. 1. General form, dorsal view. 2. Right corium. 3. Pronotum. (Rufous areas of pronotum and corium indicated by stippling.) 4. Genital plates; basal plates (bp) slightly opened. 72 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Scutellum mostly rufous; brownish yellow macule covering most of mesial half of scutellar base impunctate; base of scutellum on each side, macule and border along most of frenal margins brownish yellow, much of this border outlined in black. Low, median carina extending from basal tumescence becoming obsolete before apex. Scutellum 4.8 mm wide at base, 1.6 mm wide at end of frena, 4.7 mm long. Costal margin of each corium strongly reflexed basally; posterior margin sigmoid; costal angle acute, rounded (Fig. 2). Membrane slightly fumose with about 10 veins, extending beyond apex of abdomen. Endocorium brownish yellow, punctation black. Exocorium brownish yellow with extensive rufous suffusion (stippled area in figure). Narrow, black, mostly submarginal border along distal part of costal margin continues with diminished clarity around posterior corial submargin and extends short distance along claval suture. Large, impunctate or very sparsely punctate area mesad of R+M vein divided by large, black macule; proximal impunctate area triangular, brownish yellow; distal area very sparsely punctate, rufous (limit of these areas indicated by punctures and vein in figure); punctation in brownish yellow areas black, in rufous areas concolorous excepting small patch of black punctures between distal end of R+M vein and submarginal black line; basal area between costal margin and R+M vein somewhat scabrous, not distinctly punctate. Connexiva broadly exposed, immaculate. Venter brownish yellow excepting femora apically, tibiae, tarsi and broad border along lateral margins of head rufous. All tibiae broadly, shallowly sulcate apically, otherwise cylindrical. Genital plates as in Figure 4. Body widest across second visible segment of abdomen, 8.5 mm. Body length including membranes 12.2 mm. Lectotype. Spinola based the genus and species Epipedus histrio on two female specimens that are still extant. However, one specimen, which I have not seen, lacks the head. The other specimen is reasonably intact but lacks the last segment of the left antenna, the right middle leg and the left hind leg. This specimen, now labeled “ Epipedus histrio Spin., D. Buquet, Bresil, (cotype), ” is designated lectotype. LITERATURE CITED Bergroth, E. 1914. Pentatomides nouveaux de la Guyane Francaise. Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 83:423-441, pi. 11. Spinole, M. 1837. Essai sur les genres d’insectes appartenants a l’ordre des Hemipteres, Lin. ou Rhyngotes, Fab. et a la section Heteropteres, Dufour. Yves Graviers, Geneva, 383 pp., 15 tables. Received February 10, 1986; accepted April 30, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(l):73-75, 1987 A SECOND SPECIES OF PARVAMIMA RUCKES (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE: DISCOCEPHALINAE) L. H. Rolston Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Route, Louisiana 70803 Abstract.— Parvamima mexicana is described as new from Jalisco, Mexico. Ruckes ( 1 960) established Parvamima as a monotypic genus for P. bicolor, a species he described from a female collected on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Engleman (1977) subsequently described the male, permitting further characterization of the species. A second species of the genus is described from a male taken in the Mexican state of Jalisco. The male genitalia of both species are figured to facilitate comparison. The following combination of characters apparently separate Parvamima from other genera in the tribe Discocephalini: length of head subequal to interocular width; metastemum strongly produced, flat ventrally, excavated posteriorly in apposition to stout, mesial tubercle on abdominal stemite 3 (second visible); anteocular process absent; scutellar apex lying between imaginary line connecting anterolateral angles of fifth abdominal segment and similar line connecting posterolateral angles of same segment. To the generic description provided by Ruckes ( 1 960) may be added: mesial process present in posterior emargination of tergite 7 of male; a basally articulated appendage on each side of pygophore; stemite 8 with vestigial spiracles; pair of thecal appendages present. Parvamima mexicana, new species Figs. 2, 10-14 Similar in form and size to P. bicolor, apparently differing in shorter rostrum, in less developed mesostemal carina, and in coloration and punctation; and markedly differing in form of mesial projection on posterior margin of tergite 7 of male and in male genitalia. Rostrum reaching anterior margin of metastemum (reaching from slightly beyond this point to middle of metastemum in P. bicolor ). Mesostemal carina weakly de- veloped (moderately developed in P. bicolor ). Dorsum sordid yellow with dark punc- tation, but pronotum behind transhumeral line and subbasal macule on scutellum dark brown (all of dorsum behind transhumeral line dark brown in P. bicolor). Punctation on scutellum rather sparse basally. Stemite 7 of male with brown, mesial macule near anterior margin; mesial process in posterior emargination of tergite 7 nearly square with posterolateral comers projecting slightly (Fig. 2). Pygophore completely submerged in abdomen, visible only from caudal view. Pygophoral appendages long, stout (Figs. 10-12). Parameres large, curving ventrad, 74 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 1-14. 1, 3-9. P. bicolor. 1. Seventh tergite and connexival segments. 3. Theca and related structures, dorsal aspect. 4. Same, lateral aspect. 5. Proctiger. 6. Left paramere. 7. Distal end of pygophore, dorsal aspect. 8. Same, lateral aspect. 9. Same, ventral aspect with parameres omitted. 2, 10-14. P. mexicana. 2. Seventh tergite and connexival segments. 10. Distal end of pygophore, dorsal aspect. 11. Same, lateral aspect. 12. Same, ventral aspect. 13. Left paramere, superior surface. 14. Same, rotated 180 degrees. Symbols: lie, lateral lobe of conjunctiva; lip, lateral lobe of paramere; me, medial expansion of paramere; mlc, medial lobe of conjunctiva; mlp, medial lobe of paramere; p, paramere; pa, pygophoral appendage; ta, thecal appendage. 1987 PARVAMIMA MEXICAN A, NEW SPECIES 75 bifurcate distally; each lobe of bifurcation narrowly rounded apically, lateral lobe much smaller than mesial lobe; medial expansion bent ventrad, constricted at base (Figs. 13, 14). Measurements (mm). Width of head across eyes 2.4, length 1.5. Width of pronotum 5.2, mesial length 2.4. Basal width of scutellum 3.5, length 3.8. Length of antennal segments I-IV 0.50, 0.70, 0.75, 1.25, — . Length of rostral segments I-IV about 0.5, 0.9, 0.5, 0.35. Length of body excluding hemelytral membranes 8.6. Ostiolar ruga on each side extending % of distance from medial limit of ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron. Proportions. Distance between ocelli % of interocular width. Distance from each ocellus to nearest eye xk of distance between ocelli. Width of head across eyes % of basal width of scutellum. Holotype. Male, labeled (1) “Mexico, Jalisco, Mismaloya, 2-VIII-84, E. Ibarra” and (b) “Coleccion del Instituto de Biologia UNAM. Mexico, D.F.” Deposited in the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. The femora, tibiae and tarsi of all but the left hind leg are missing, as are the fifth segment of the left antennae and the fourth and fifth segments of the right antennae. No paratypes. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The specimen from which P. mexicana is described was loaned by Harry Brailovsky, UNAM. LITERATURE CITED Engleman, H. D. 1977. Parvamima bicolor Ruckes (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a description of the male. Entomol. News 88:263-264. Ruckes, H. 1 960. New and little known neotropical pentatomids (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Am. Mus. Novitates no. 1996. Received March 26, 1986; accepted June 17, 1986. J. New YorkEntomol. Soc . 95(l):76-80, 1987 DEREPHYSIA FOLIACEA (FALLEN), A TINGIDAE NEW TO NORTH AMERICA (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) John D. Lattin Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Abstract.— Derephysia foliacea (Fallen) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) is recorded from North America for the first time, based upon specimens collected in western Oregon, chiefly on or near Mary’s Peak, Benton County, Polk County, and the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, eastern Lane County on the west slope of the Cascade Mountains. Several other Holarctic genera and species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera occur with D. foliacea, suggesting a true Holarctic distribution rather than an introduction. In the Palaearctic Region, the tingid is known from Western Europe, North Africa and eastward to Siberia, Mongolia and Japan. Our knowledge of the Tingidae of North America is quite good at the generic level. Many genera remain to be monographed and much remains to be discovered about the biology of many species, particularly in western North America. A small collection of Heteroptera collected by my colleague Paul Oman from nearby Mary’s Peak in 1968 proved to be of particular interest when two famales of an unknown lacebug were included. Ultimately, an identification was made (and confirmed by Richard C. Froeschner of the Smithsonian Institution), that of Derephysia foliacea (Fallen), known previously only from the Old World. Considerable effort has been made to collect additional specimens but with only limited success. While some adults have been collected, the immature stages still elude us as they do our European colleagues. Available evidence suggests that Derephysia foliacea is native to the Pacific North- west rather than being an introduction and thus it joins a rather distinct group of palaearctic extensions into the Pacific Northwest at both the generic and specific level. Examples among the Miridae include Allorhinocoris (Bliven, 1 960) and Anapus and Myrmecophyes (Schuh and Lattin, 1980); the Rhopalidae includes Chorosoma (unpubl.), and the Tingidae included Acalypta cooleyi; Drake (Froeschner, 1976) although this last example may represent an extension into the eastern Palaearctic Region. Derephysia foliacea was described from Sweden by Fallen in 1807 (as Tingis). Drake and Ruhoff (1965) record it from Europe, North Africa and eastward to Siberia. Lindberg (1927) reported it from Nikolajewsk in the Amur Region of far eastern U.S.S.R., although Josifov and Kerzhner (1972) did not record it from Korea. Pericart (1978) revised the genus for the western Palaearctic Region and later, in his marvelous treatise on the Euromediterranian Tingidae (1983), provided a thorough review of the genus Derephysia, including foliacea. Butler (1923) described the egg and Stusak (1957) and Puchkov (1970, 1974) described and illustrated the larva. Illustrations of the adult are found in Scholte (1935), Southwood and Leston (1959), Kerzhner and Jaczewski (1967), Puchkov (1974) and Pericart (1978, 1983), among others. A number of host plants are listed by Drake and Ruhoff (1965) but specific host in- 1987 DEREPHYSIA FOLIACEA IN NORTH AMERICA 77 formation is very limited. South wood and Leston (1959) refer to the species as the “ivy bug.” Stusak mentions that nymphs were taken in the moss Climatium den- droides W. and M. in a meadow in August. Puchkov (1974) provided additional host information. Pericart (1983) summarizes the available host information and men- tions the possible association of this species with ants citing Reuter (1 880) and Singer (1952). The first specimens collected from North America were the two females collected on August 7, 1 968 by Paul Oman in the summit meadow on Mary’s Peak, Benton County, Oregon. Mary’s Peak is 1 4 miles west of Corvallis and is the highest point (1,249 meters) in the Coast Ranges of Oregon. While most of the moutain is covered with a typical Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hem- lock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest, there is a natural grass bald at the summit that is surrounded by noble fir {Abies procera (Rehd), together with scattered Douglas fir and western hemlock (Franklin and Dymess, 1973). Merkle (1951) states that the meadow is composed chiefly of Idaho fesque {Festuca idahoensis Elm.), bent grass {Agrostis diegoensis Vas.) and California sedge ( Carex californica L. H. Bailey). Ac- cording to Kenton Chambers (pers. comm.), the correct identity of the fesque is Festuca rubra L. The following specimens have been examined (all specimens in Systematic Ento- mology Laboratory, Oregon State University, except as noted): Oregon: Benton Coun- ty: Mary’s Peak, 7 August 1968 (P. W. Oman); 29 August 1968 (R. W. Westcott, Oreg. St. Dept. Agr.); 18 August 1970, 3,800 ft, (Oman, Brandenburg and Rowers); 8 September 1971, summit meadow at campground 3,600 ft, (J. D. Lattin) (also specimens in U.S. National Museum); October 1976 (J. D. Lattin); Grass Mountain, summit prairie, sweeping, 14 August 1980 (J. D. Lattin); Corvallis, 28 July 1973 (J. Lattin); Lobster Valley, 15 mi SW Alsea, 25 July 1971 (J. D. Lattin) and 14 July 1973 (J. D. Lattin); Lane County: Blue River, H. J. Andrews Exp. For., Old age Doug. Fir stand, I. B. P. Biome Survey, Rotary net, 1-3:30 PM, 3 August 1972; Lane/Linn Co., H. J. Andrews Exp. For., access road #1553, nr. Mack Creek, 2.5 mi W Jet 1502-1553, ex sweeping, 2 August 1977 (Eulensen and Searles); Lane Co., Andrews Exp. For. T15S R5E Sec 31,6 August 1980 (Oman); Lane/Linn Co., H. J. Andrews Exp. For. meadow, Vi mi N Frissel Pt. T15S R6E Sec 29 SW'/t, 4,850 ft, 2 September 1981 (J. D. Lattin). Marion County: Croisan Gulch, S. Salem, 28 July 1976 (R. L. Westcott, Oreg. St. Dept. Agr.); Polk County: Independence, July 1975 (L. Russell). The known distribution of D. foliacea in North America is limited to several locations in the Coast Ranges of western Oregon, west of Corvallis, a few scattered localities directly east of the localities and one location on the west slope of the Cascade Mountains east of Eugene (H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, a National Science Foundation, Long Term Ecological Research Site). Only three collection sites have produced more than a single specimen (Mary’s Peak, Grass Mountain [Coast Range] and the meadow north of Frissel Point on the H. J. Andrews Forest (Cascade Mountains). These sites are all natural meadows occurring at some elevation (1,200- 1,500 m) in an undisturbed forest habitat. The single specimens from scattered, low elevation localities, mostly males, suggests that there may be a dispersal flight in mid- to late summer that may result in specimens being carried away from these 78 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 1 . Derep hysia foliacea (Fallen). 1987 DEREPHYSIA FOLIACEA IN NORTH AMERICA 79 montane meadows. South wood and Leston (1959) report on the flight of this species in England and one specimen was collected from a rotary trap in early August at lower elevations on the H. J. Andrews Forest. The Tingidae fauna of Oregon is reasonably well known although a number of genera and species are represented by very few specimens. The following genera and number of species are presently known from Oregon: Acalypta (3 spp.), Corythucha (8-10 spp.), Derep hysia (1 sp.), Dictyonota (1 sp.), Gargaphia (2 spp.), Hesperotingis (1 sp.), Melanorhopala (1 sp.), Monanthia (1 sp.), Physatocheila (1 sp.), Stephanitis (1 sp.), Teleonemia (2 spp.). There is a possibility that Leptoypha minor McAtee will be found in southwestern Oregon since the known host plants are found there and it occurs in nearby California. Two of the species included above, Dictyonota fuli- ginosa Costa and Stephanitis rhododendroni Horvath, are considered to be intro- ductions, the first from Europe on Broom {Sarothamnus scoparius) and the second from eastern United States on cultivated rhododendrons (note: it has not been col- lected on the native Oregon species of rhododendron to date). The discovery of Derephysia foliacea in Oregon represents an interesting addition to our fauna. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Richard C. Froeschner, Smithsonian Institution, for verifying the iden- tification of this tingid; to Paul Oman, Oregon State University, for the use of his field notes on the initial and subsequent captures of this bug; to Jean Pericart, Montereau, France for valuable discussions on the Tingidae; and to Bonnie B. Hall for the excellent habitus drawing of the adult. Note: It is a pleasure to contribute this paper in honor of my long time friend and colleague, Richard C. Froeschner. Our association dates back to my undergraduate days at Iowa State University. Dick Foreschner freely shared his considerable knowledge of insects, including the Heteroptera, with me then and over the years of our friendship since that time. This research was supported, in part, by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Zuiver Weten- schappelijk Onderzoek (Z.W.O.) % Laboratorium voor Entomologie, Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, Netherlands, National Science Foundation DEB-76- 1 1978 and the General Re- search Fund, Oregon State University. LITERATURE CITED Bliven, B. P. 1960. Studies on insects of the Redwood Empire III: new Hemiptera with notes on others. The Occidental Entomologist 1(4):34— 42. Butler, E. A. 1923. A Biology of the British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Witherby, London, 696 pp. Detling, L. E. 1954. Significant features of the flora of Saddle Mountain, Clatsop County, Oregon. Northwest Science 28(2):52-60. Drake, C. J. and F. A. Ruhoff. 1 965. Lacebugs of the world. A catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Museum, Bulletin 243:1-643 pp. Fallen, C. F. 1807. Monographia Cimicum Sveciae. Hafniae, 121 pp. Franklin, J. F. and C. T. Dymess. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report. PNW-8, 417 pp. Froeschner, R. C. 1976. Zoogeographic notes on the lace bug genus Acalypta (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Amer. Midi. Nat. 96(2):257-269. Hoberlandt, L. 1974. Results of the 1 st and 2nd Mongolia Czechnoslovak entomological and 80 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) botanical expedition to Mongolia. No. 30. Heteroptera Part. 3. Nabidae, Tingidae, Re- duviidae, Aradidae, Piesmidae, Lygaeidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae, and Pentatomidae. Acta Faun. Entomol. Mus. Natl. Pragae 15:131-148. Josifov, M. and I. M. Kerzhner. 1972. Heteroptera aus Korea. I. Tiel (Ochteridae, Gerridae, Saldidae, Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Miridae, Tingidae und Reduviidae). Polska Academic Nauk. Instytut Zoblogiczny, Annales Zoologici 29(6): 147-180. Kerszhner, I. M. and T. L. Jaczewski. 1964. Order Hemiptera. Pages 655-845 in: G. Y. Bei- Bienko (ed.), Key to the insects of the European USSR, Vol. 1. Apterygota, Paleoptera, Hemimetabola. Academye of Sciences of USSR. Zoological Institute. Moscow, Lenin- grad, 926 pp. [In Russian]. [English translation, 1967, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia. 1214 pp.] Lindberg, H. 1927. Zur kenntnis der Heteropteren Fauna von Kamtschatka sowie der Amur- und Ussuri-Gebiete. (Ergebnisse einer von Y. Wuorentaus im Jahre 1917 untemom- menen Forschungsreise). Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 56(3): 1-26. Merkle, J. 1951. An analysis of the plant communities of Mary’s Peak, Western Oregon. Ecology 32(4):6 18-640. Pericart, J. 1978. Revision systematique des tingidae ouest-palearctiques. 3. Subdivision du genre Derephysia et revue critique des especes (Hemiptera). Annales de la Societe En- tomologique de France (N.S.) 14(l):87-94. Pericart, J. 1 983. Faune de France. 69. Hemipteres Tingidae Euro-Mediterraneens. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 618 pp. Puchkov, V. G. 1970. The larvae of lace bugs (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in the European part of the USSR Revue d’Entomologie de USSR 41(2):382-392. Puchkov, V. G. 1 974. Fauna Ukraine, Vol. 2 1 , Part 4. Berytidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Piesmatidae, Aradidae and Tingidae (in Russian). Ukranian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 331 pp. Reuter, O. M. 1 880. Nya bidrag till Abo och Alands Skargards hemipter-fauna. Meddelanden Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 5:160-236. [Cited in Pericart, 1983, not seen] Scholte, A. M. 1935. De Nederlandsche Tingitiden in woorden en beeld. Natuurhistorisch Maanblad (Limburg) 24:1-16. Schuh, R. T. and J. D. Lattin. 1980. Myrmecophyes oregonesis, a new species of Halticini (Hemiptera, Miridae) from the Western United States. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Novitates, No. 2697:1-11. Singer, K. 1952. Die Wanzen (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) des unteren Maingebietas von Hanau bis Wurzberg mit Einschluss des Spessarts. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg, New. Ser., Vol. 5, 128 pp. [Cited in Pericart, 1983, not seen] Southwood, T. R. E. and D. Leston. 1959. Land and Waterbugs of the British Isles. Frederich Wame and Co. Ltd., London, 436 pp. Stusak, J. M. 1957. A contribution to the knowledge of some last nymphal instars of the Czechoslovakian Lace bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Tingidae). Acta Soc. Entomol. Czechosloveniae 54(2): 132-141. Received January 24, 1986; accepted February 24, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1):8 1—90, 1987 A REVISION OF THE GENUS DUSHINCKANUS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) B. J. Harrington Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract.— A diagnosis for the Neotropical genus Dushinckanus and a key for species iden- tification are presented. Myodocha inermiba Distant is transferred to Dushinckanus, new com- bination, and two new species, D. ashlocki from Brazil, and D. camelopardus from Ecuador are described. Line drawings of the head and pronotum of D. camelopardus and D. ashlocki and a full dorsal view illustration of a male of D. crassicornis Brailovsky, 1981 are provided. The Neotropical lygaeid genus Dushinckanus Brailovsky belongs to the tribe My- odochini in the subfamily Rhyparochrominae. This genus was not included in Har- rington’s (1980) revision and cladistic analysis of the tribe. However, utilizing that key to genera, it would run to couplet number 3 which separates Pephysena and Myodocha. While Dushinckanus does have slender forefemora in common with Myodocha, its cladistic affinities lie instead in the lineage with Distingphyses Scudder, Pephysena Distant, Tenuicoris Slater and Harrington, and Neopamera Harrington (intemode 36-44 in Harrington’s (1980) cladogram) based on the synapomorphy of a groove on the lateral surface of the preocular portion of the head beneath a carinate or ridge-like jugum. It shares oval eyes and a head with the postocular portion constricted to form a distinct neck with Distingphyses, Pephysena, and Tenuicoris; densely distributed anastomosing head punctation with Distingphyses and Pephysena; and a characteristic stalk-like neck with Pephysena. Dushinckanus ’ slender, almost mutic forefemora readily distinguish it from its sister group Pephysena. When Brailovsky (1979) described Dushinckanus, he placed it in the framework of Harrington’s (1980) tribal revision and discussed ways to distinguish it from Myodocha, Pephysena, Tenuicoris and Heraeus Stal, stressing what he believed to be two diagnostic features: 1) slender forefemora with spination reduced to a few minor spines, and 2) “protuberant” or tuberculate ocelli. While this latter feature is very pronounced in the type species D. ocellatus Brailovsky (1979), it varies within the genus. In some members, including Dushinckanus crassicornis Brailovsky (198 1), the second species recognized to date, the ocelli may be virtually flush with the head’s surface and show no more tuberculation than can be observed in many other My- odochini, including members of the genera Xenydrium Poppius and Bergroth, Ten- uicoris, and Heraeus. Thus, the first feature, slender forefemora with few spines, remains the best for recognition of the genus Dushinckanus. Among the necked genera of Myodochini, only members of Tenuicoris, Myodocha Latreille and Dushinckanus, all having Type IV male genitalia (Harrington, 1980), have slender forefemora with the size as well as the number of spines reduced. In both Tenuicoris and Myodocha the spines are 82 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) double-ranked (those on the posterior aspect of the ventral surface in Tenuicoris being very small, restricted to a few close-set spines on the extreme distal end, and distinguished only with difficulty), while all known species of Dushinckanus have the spines single-ranked or restricted to just the anterior aspect of the ventral surface. In Dushinckanus the spines are also often so small, bump-like and little raised from the femoral surface that they may be overlooked entirely. This was clearly the case when Distant (1882) described Myodocha inermiba, noting that, “The unarmed femora render this species very distinct.” In the current paper I place M. inermiba in Dushinckanus, new combination and describe two new species. A single specimen lacking locality data (the specimen is in good condition but bears a label reading only “28-III”) was examined from the American Museum of Natural History. It will probably prove to represent another distinct species. Material of Dushinckanus is scarce in collections, all species being known from a few specimens. However, the genus is widely distributed, ranging from Mexico south at least to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I collected a single specimen in Panama and from its habitat suspect that the genus may be part of a forest litter fauna that is not generally collected. All measurements in the following descriptions are in mm and the Villalobos color chart (Palmer, 1962) has been used as a standard. The following acronyms for col- lections have been used in the text: American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); British Museum (Natural History), London (BMNH); National Mu- seum of Natural History, Rio de Janeiro (BNMNH): Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh (CMNH); National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (NMNH); private collection of Peter D. Ashlock (PDA); private collection of James A. Slater (JAS); and private collection of the author (BJH). KEY TO SPECIES OF DUSHINCKANUS 1 . Immediate postocular portion of head rounded or dome-like, then abruptly constricted into a short neck (Fig. lb); postocular distance usually less than or subequal to inter- ocular distance; length of antennal segment III less than width of head, and length of antennal segment II less than or equal to width of head; transverse pronotal impression strongly incised, with punctures in depth of impression 2 - Postocular portion of head sloping gradually into stalk-like neck (Fig. la); neck long and slender with postocular distance greater than interocular distance; lengths of an- tennal segments II and III each exceeding width of head; transverse pronotal impression shallow, complete, impunctate 4 2. Postocular portion of head, pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytra hirsute, with numerous semi-erect long hairs, those on hemelytra emerging from punctures and 3 x or more as long as puncture’s width; antennal segments III and IV appearing somewhat in- crassate with dense hairs or bristles; punctures of transverse pronotal impression form- ing a row in depth of impression; ocelli only slightly tuberculate crassicornis - Not hirsute as above, sometimes with long hairs present on postocular portion of head but rest of dorsal body surface hairless or at most with very short non-erect hairs detectable within the punctures and subequal to the puncture’s width; antennal segments III and IV not appearing incrassate; punctures of transverse pronotal impression not in a regular row; ocelli markedly tuberculate 3 3. Veins on posterior one-half of hemelytral membrane (beyond prominent dark macula on anterior one-half) dark, contrasting with membranal background; antennal segment 1987 REVISION OF DUSHINCKANUS 83 IV completely dark; antennal segment III longer than segment II or the segments subequal ocellatus - Veins on posterior one-half of hemelytral membrane (beyond prominent dark macula on anterior one-half) pale, lighter than membrane background; antennal segment IV with a broad, striking, light red annulus that contrasts with dark areas proximally and distally; antennal segment II longer than segment III ashlocki 4. Posterior pronotal lobe with a distinct, narrow, continuous, yellow, transverse band on its anterior one-half; antennal segment II orange, lighter than other three segments which are each uniformly dark; length of antennal segment III less than 3 x interocular distance; total length of antennal segments less than 10 x interocular distance inermibus - Yellow portion of posterior pronotal lobe not a continuous band, less apparent and present as mottling or as four diffuse patches that may run onto posterior one-half of posterior pronotal lobe; antennal coloration not as above, all four segments fairly uniform in color; length of antennal segment III greater than 3 x interocular distance; total length of antennal segments greater than 10 x interocular distance .... camelopardus Dushinckanus crassicornis Brailovsky Fig. 2 Dushinckanus crassicornis Brailovsky, 1981:21 7-2 19. Discussion. Brailovsky (1981) gave a detailed description of this species which is best recognized by the scattered long hairs on the dorsal surface, including the head, pronotum, scutellum, clavus and corium. The incrassate antennae, which prompted the species epithet and are noted in the original description, are an unreliable feature exhibiting variability as discussed below. I have examined the holotype from the American Museum of Natural History and six additional specimens. While the color pattern is consistent among them, the general or background coloration varies, ranging from predominantly tawny in a pale specimen from the Panama Canal Zone to a dusky brown in darker specimens including the holotype. More striking than the color variation is the morphological variation in head shape and the shape of the third and fourth antennal segments. In all specimens examined the third antennal segment has numerous dark, bristle-like hairs that give an enlarged, bottle brush appearance to the segment. In the holotype, which is a female, the third and fourth antennal segments are definitely incrassate, as well as evidencing the dark bristle-like hairs on the third segment. The antennae were similarly incrassate in one of the two other female specimens examined; the third female, unfortunately, had the third and fourth antennal segments missing. The remaining four specimens ex- amined were males in which the third and fourth segments are not swollen, the third being of the same girth as the second, despite a somewhat enlarged appearance contributed by the dark, bristle-like hairs. Thus, sexual dimorphism is suggested for the antennal variation in this species, and Figure 2 depicts a male specimen with slender antennae. However, sexual dimorphism does not explain the subtle variation in head shape observed. The vertex of the head was evenly rounded behind the ocelli in the holotype and more pointed in the other six specimens, females as well as males. Material examined. Guatemala: 19, Peten (at light at camp), 17-V-1956, T. H. Hubbell (holotype D. crassicornis, AMNH). Mexico: 19, Veracruz, Lake Catemaco, 84 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) ‘Coyame,’ 7, 9-VII-1963, R. E. Woodruff (blacklight trap) (JAS). Panama Canal Zone: 19, Barro Colorado, 19-VI-1924, N. Banks (AMNH); 16, Barro Colorado I, 21-IX-1976, R. B. & L. S. Kimsey (PDA); \6, Barro Colorado Is., 8-VII-1967, C. W. & L. O’Brien (JAS). Panama: 16, Fort Amador, 11-1964, Ch. Keenan (NMNH); 16, La Mesa above El Valle, 13-1-1974, Harrington & Slater (BJH). Dushinckanus ocellatus Brailovsky Dushinckanus ocellatus Brailovsky, 1979:549-551. Discussion. Brailovsky (1979) described this species as the type of a then monotypic genus. It is best recognized, as the name suggests, by its tuberculate ocelli. D. ocellatus, in fact, presents the extreme of this condition which varies considerably among species in the genus, and in some the ocelli are little, if at all, tuberculate. Fig. 2. Dushinckanus crassicornis. Dorsal view of a male specimen exhibiting sexually dimorphic slender antennae. 1987 REVISION OF DUSHINCKANUS 85 86 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Material examined. Brazil: 16, Mato Groso: Lat. 12°3L & Long. 55°37', Sinop, X-1974, M. Alvarenga (holotype D. ocellatus) (NMNH); 19, Rondonia: Vilhena, XI- 1973, M. Alvarenga (allotype D. ocellatus) (AMNH); 19, Rio de Janeiro, Acc. No. 2966 (CMNH). Variation. The female specimen from Rio de Janeiro is of an overall lighter color, especially on the head and pronotum, and has a shorter neck and somewhat less rounded anterior pronotal lobe than the holotype and allotype. However, the general color pattern is consistent with that of the type material. A male paratype of D. ocellatus was also examined and is recognized in this paper as a new species. Dushinckanus ashlocki, new species Fig. IB Dushinckanus ocellatus Brailovsky, 1979:551 (6 paratype). Description. Head, anterior pronotal lobe, basal one-half of scutellum and most of ventral and lateral aspects of all thoracic segments chestnut. Posterior pronotal lobe, medial portion of anterior pronotal collar, metepimeron, socket around pro- and mesocoxae (formed by both epistemum and epimeron), and labial segment I buffy brown. Remaining labial segments, tarsi and tibia of all legs, and antennal segments I and II sordid buffy yellow. Antennal segment III buffy brown proximally darkening gradually to fuscous on distal two-thirds. Antennal segment IV narrowly fuscous proximally and more broadly so at apex, a broad band covering most of segment bright rufous tinged with brownish red. A diffuse band between tawny and buffy yellow extending across posterior pronotal lobe behind transverse impression, widest in two broad points on either side of midline. Background color of clavus and corium between buffy brown and buffy yellow. An indistinctly margined broad transverse buffy brown fascia on corium extending from lateral margin to medial corial angle. Five small, pale, cream colored maculae on each corium distributed with a pair directly before and a second pair directly posterior to dark band or fascia and the fifth behind posterior pair fitting within apical corial angle. Hemelytral membrane with a smoke gray background marked with a large macula between fuscous and blackish brown on anterior one-half; two curving veins toward anteromedial margin and finger-like veins posterior to broad dark macula a pale sordid cream. Abdomen laterally and ventrally and broad preapical bands on all femora tawny. Antennae, legs and labium smooth and impunctate. Antennae with both fine re- cumbent hairs and some slightly longer and erect or semi-erect; density of recumbent hairs increasing distad, with segment IV being most pilose. Legs and labial segments with only sparse semi-erect hairs. Tibiae of all legs also bearing scattered bristles along length of inner surface. Head shining, with numerous small anastomosing punctures giving a rugose appearance and moderately dense recumbent and semi- erect hairs directed anteriorly over much of surface; rounded postocular region with a few very long (ca. 0.20) curving erect hairs. Pronotum, scutellum, clavus, corium and most of ventral and lateral aspects of all thoracic segments pruinose, except small subshining lobe on metathoracic scent gland auricle and a pair of large shining patches on either side of mesosternal midline. Anterior pronotal lobe, save collar, 1987 REVISION OF DUSHINCKANUS 87 impunctate. Anterior pronotal collar, posterior pronotal lobe, clavus, corium and scutellum except for a broad T-shaped carina on posterior two thirds punctate. Punctures on basal one third of scutellum smaller than those on either side of stem of T. Claval punctures in three regular rows plus a partial fourth, paralleled by two rows of punctures on adjacent portion of corium. Punctures laterally on corium in a single submarginal row from anterior margin to level of scutellar apex, thereafter scattered in a broad patch. Punctures laterally on thorax most dense and apparent on epimeral regions of all three segments and epistemum only in the portion forming a socket for the pro- and mesocoxae. A large rugose or shagreened evaporative area surrounding the metathoracic scent gland auricle, reaching midway on metepistemum toward hemelytral edge, also covering coxal socket portion of mesepimeron and running from there dorsad to hemelytral edge as a thin line along suture between meso- and metapleura. Abdomen ventrally and laterally subshining, with a light scattering microtexture and numerous fine recumbent hairs. Hairs on thorax, clavus and corium also recumbent but scattered, emerging primarily from punctures and approximately as long as puncture’s width. Hemelytral membrane dull, subshining, with a very fine granular appearance. Head gently declivent anteriorly from vertex; broadly rounded postocularly then abruptly constricted to form a very short but still parallel-sided and stalk-like neck. Juga narrowly carinate. Tylus nearly attaining distal end of antennal segment I. Eyes rounded. Ocelli prominent and moderately tuberculate, situated just anterior to hind margin of eye. Length of head 1.10; postocular length 0.26; width across eyes 1.06; interocular distance 0.50. Anterior pronotal lobe globose; lateral margins rounded and strongly convex; anterior margin with a distinct band-like collar. Transverse pronotal impression complete and well demarked. Posterior pronotal margin straight across base of scutellum. Humeral angles truncate. Length anterior pronotal lobe 0.60; width 0.92; width transverse impression 0.88; length posterior pronotal lobe 0.58; width across humeral angles 1 .50. Length scutellum 0.82; width 0.68. Hemelytra not quite attaining posterior end of abdomen; rounded rim of pygophore just barely visible beyond apex of membrane. Lateral corial margins sinuate at level of scutellar apex. Length corium 2.54; midline distance apex corium to apex membrane 0.84; length claval commissure 0.54; midline distance apex clavus to apex corium 1.08. Labium attaining mesocoxae. Length labial segments I 0.74, II 0.80, III 0.62 and IV 0.40. Bucculae short, projecting anteriorly around base of labium; buccular juncture broadly V-shaped and occurring close to base of labium. Antennae slender with segment IV fusiform and curving slightly. Length antennal segments I 0.50, II 0.96, III 0.86 and IV 1.10 (the right antenna oligomerous with only three segments). Total length 5.68. Holotype. Brazil: 16, Rio de Janeiro, Silva Jardim, VIII- 1974, F. M. Oliveira (AMNH). This new species is described from a single specimen, which was previously included as a paratype of D. ocellatus Brailovsky, but is clearly not conspecific with the holotype of D. ocellatus. Etymology. I name this species for my colleague Dr. Peter D. Ashlock in appre- ciation for the many interesting specimens and moral support he has lent me over the years and for useful interactions and systematic advice which he has given very freely. 88 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Dushinckanus inermibus (Distant), New Combination Myodocha inermiba Distant, 1882:204. Discussion. This striking species was described by Distant (1882) from a single specimen. Distant’s description and dorsal view illustration allow identification of this species, which can also be recognized by characters included in the preceding key. The orange color of antennal segment II and the yellow band on the otherwise darker posterior pronotal lobe are quite distinctive. In general, this species has the same body form and surface texture indicated in the new species descriptions of this paper, being closest, as the key indicates to D. camelopardus. Material examined. Panama: 1$, Cerro Campana, 800 m R. de Pan, 8°40'N, 79°56'W, 27-VIII-1972, Engleman (PDA); 16, Bugaba, Champion (BMNH). Costa Rica: 12, Puntarenas Prov., Osa Peninsula, 2.5 mi SW Rincon, 08°42'N, 83°29'W, 1, 2-III- 1969, leaf litter at night, K. Edwards (PDA). Variation. The specimens examined are consistent with the original description, except that each has a small oval white macula in the center of the hemelytral membrane just behind the darkened anterior one-half, a feature possibly overlooked by Distant (1882). I have previously compared the Champion collected Bugaba, Panama specimen with the lectotype in the British Museum. This specimen is lighter and more orange in general coloration than the other two specimens examined in this study, but the basic color pattern does not vary among the three specimens. Dushinckanus camelopardus, new species Fig. 1A Description. Head, anterior pronotal lobe, basal one-half of scutellum, and most of pleural and sternal surfaces of pro- and mesothorax blackish brown. Large macula on proximal one-half of hemelytral membrane and finger-like projections beyond it in distal portion of membrane between chestnut and blackish brown. Metapleura and metastema, coxae and tibiae distally of all legs, forefemora, distal one-half of meso- and metafemora, apical one-half of scutellum, antennal segments I, III and IV as well as all but extreme distal portion of II, labium and majority of ventral surface of abdomen dark chestnut. Posterior pronotal lobe and clavus and corium along suture between them light chestnut. Four large elongate spots with imprecise borders distributed evenly across anterior one-half of posterior pronotal lobe and background color of clavus and corium tawny. A broad, irregular, transverse fascia preapically on corium, slender macula in narrow chestnut area of corium adjacent to clavus and curving vein demarking the proximomedial edge of dark membranal macula pale, sordid cream. Background color of membrane pale fuscous, contrasting with pale curving vein, dark distal veins and large dark macula. Distal end of antennal segment II, tarsi, and proximal one-half of meso- and metafemora pale, between buffy yellow and buffy brown. Lobe on rim of metathoracic scent gland auricle between brownish red and tawny. Antennae, legs and labium smooth and impunctate. Antennae with numerous short, recumbent, distally directed hairs. Legs and labium with hairs slightly longer and less numerous. Tibiae of all three pairs of legs also bearing slender spine-like bristles. Head with numerous minute, anastomosing punctures giving a rugose or 1987 REVISION OF DUSHINCKANUS 89 roughened appearance and covered with many anteriorly directed recumbent hairs, except on prominent tylus which is largely devoid of hairs, impunctate and shining. Anterior pronotal lobe, save collar, impunctate. Collar of anterior pronotal lobe, posterior pronotal lobe, scutellum, clavus and corium with scattered punctures; scu- tellar punctures on apical one-half dense on either side of the stem of a broad impunctate Y-shaped carina. Dorsal body surface, other than that of head, dull with a gray pruinosity and with a few minute hairs restricted to punctures; pruinosity on anterior pronotal lobe very dense and forming a pattern with that on calli less dense so that calli appear as a pair of large dark patches separated by a median line of heavier pruinosity. Pleural and sternal portions of thorax largely pruinose, with few scattered punctures. Mesostemum with a pair of shining patches on either side of midline. Lobe of metathoracic scent gland auricle shining as well as contrasting in color. A rugose evaporative area around scent gland auricle covering metepistemum at least half way to hemelytral edge; this same texture present on mesepimeron and extending as a thin line along full length of meso-metapleural suture. Abdomen ventrally subshining, with numerous fine recumbent hairs and an irregular light- scattering texture. Head gradually constricted postocularly to form a slender stalk-like neck (Fig. la). Vertex somewhat depressed before prominent, tuberculate, anterolaterally directed ocelli which lie just at level of hind margin of eyes. Juga carinate. Tylus prominent, somewhat elongate, and reaching to midlength of antennal segment I. Eyes protruding and suboval. Length of head 2.10; postocular length 0.88; width across eyes 1.22; interocular distance 0.48. Anterior pronotal lobe with rounded lateral margins di- rected gradually anteromesad toward a distinct anterior collar. Transverse pronotal impression complete but shallow and not strongly demarked. Posterior margin of posterior pronotal lobe straight across base of scutellum. Humeral angles rounded. Length anterior pronotal lobe 0.90; width 1.14; width transverse pronotal impression 1.12; length posterior pronotal lobe 0.70; width across humeral angles 1.80. Length scutellum 1.12; width 0.92. Hemelytra not quite attaining end of abdomen. Lateral corial margins sinuate at level of claval commissure. Length corium 3.40; midline distance apex corium to apex membrane 1.36; length claval commissure 0.72; midline distance apex clavus to apex corium 1.52. Lateral margins of last abdominal segment ending in a pair of small acute spines. Posterior ends of last connexival segment similarly spined on each side. Labium attaining mesocoxae. Length labial segments I 1.28, II 1.30, III 0.90 and IV 0.50. Bucculae short and rounded, directed anteriorly around base of labium; buccular juncture broadly V-shaped and occurring close to base of labium. Antennae slender with segment IV slightly curving. Length antennal segments I 0.90, II 1.62, III 1.52 and IV 1.50. Total length 8.52. Holotype. Ecuador: 1$, Coca, Mayo -65, L. F. Pena (BNMNH). Etymology. Of the species known to date, D. camelopardus has the longest neck. I have no doubt that Myodocha and Dushinckanus are distinct genera and should remain recognized as such. However, to preclude any possibility of future homonymy with Myodocha giraffa, this new species has been given the species epithet of ca- melopardus, a synonym for the vertebrate giraffe. A single female specimen of what is apparently a seventh species was examined from the American Museum of Natural History. Unfortunately, the specimen lacked locality data. Thus, since not even a country was indicated for locality (the label 90 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) reads only “28-III”), I have refrained from formally describing this species. It is apparently the sister species of D. camelopardus from which it differs by having the fourth antennal segment with a broad, pale annulus and the lateral margins of the anterior pronotal lobe more convex. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I appreciate the loan of specimens for this study from the following institutions and indi- viduals: American Museum of Natural History, New York (R. T. Schuh); Brazilian National Museum of Natural History, Rio de Janeiro (J. Becker and J. C. M. Carvalho); British Museum (Natural History), London (W. R. Dolling); Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh (the late G. E. Wallace); National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (R. C. Froesch- ner and T. J. Henry); and P. D. Ashlock and J. A. Slater private collections. This research was supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison (Project No. 2578). LITERATURE CITED Brailovsky, H. 1979. A new Neotropical genus of Myodochini (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) with description of a new species. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 49:547-551. Brailovsky, H. 1981. Descripcion de dos nuevas especes de la Tribu Myodochini (Heteroptera- Rhyparochrominae) del continente Americano. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nal. Auton. Mexico 51 (1980), Ser. Zool. (l):217-226, 28-XII-1981. Distant, W. L. 1880-1893. Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Vol. I. Biol. Centr. Amer. London (Lygaeidae 1882:173-220). Harrington, B. J. 1980. A generic level revision and cladistic analysis of the Myodochini of the world (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae, Rhyparochrominae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1 67(2):45— 1 16. Palmer, R. S. 1962. Handbook of North American birds. Vol. I. Loons through Flamingos. Yale University Press, New Haven, col. pi. Received November 15, 1985; accepted September 12, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95( 1):9 1—98, 1987 STOBAERA CONCINNA (HOMOPTERA: DELPHACIDAE): FIELD BIOLOGY, LABORATORY REARING AND DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES1 Paul D. Calvert1, Stephen W. Wilson2, and James H. Tsai3 13Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314 and 2 Department of Biology, Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, Missouri 64093 Abstract.— The biology of Stobaera concinna (St&l) was studied in south Florida from 1 June 1985 to 1 February 1986; it was reared in the laboratory and the immature stages described. Stobaera concinna feeds and reproduces on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and is polyvoltine. Field collected adults were returned to the laboratory and allowed to lay eggs on potted A. artemisi- ifolia. Upon emergence nymphs were separated and reared to adults. Durations of the five nymphal stadia were 4.57, 3.72, 4.00, 4.45, and 6.50 days, respectively. Nymphal instars differed in body size, number of pitlike sensoria, development of wingpads, number of metatibial and metatarsal spines, and shape and dentition of the metatibial spur. Little is known about the biology of the 1 1 species of Stobaera. In his revision of the genus, Kramer (1973) included distributional and host plant data and noted that adults and nymphs were collected primarily from Ambrosia spp. (ragweeds); their possible role in the biological control of these noxious weeds has not been investigated. In studies of the insect fauna of 8 species of ragweeds, Goeden and Ricker (1974a, b, 1975, 1976a, b, c) provided host plant records for several species of Stobaera. Reimer and Goeden (1981, 1982) described the immature stages of Stobaera tricar - inata (Say), the most widely encountered species, and outlined the life history on its host, western ragweed ( Ambrosia psilostachya DeCandolle). Stobaera concinna (Stal) has been reported from most of southern North America, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Utah, and Mex- ico as well as the West Indies (Kramer, 1973). It has been recorded from A. concer- tiflora DeCandolle and A. psilostachya DeCandolle (Kramer, 1973; Goeden and Ricker, 1975, 1976c). Kramer (1973) suggested that A. concertiflora is the principal host with A. psilostachya serving as an alternate host or food plant. Neither of these ragweeds occurs in south Florida; however, S. concinna is present and abundant on A. artemisiifolia L. The present study summarizes the biology of S. concinna and its relationship with A. artemisiifolia L. in south Florida, and includes information on laboratory rearing, descriptions and illustrations of immature stages and a key to nymphal instars. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7090. 92 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) MATERIALS AND METHODS Field and laboratory studies. Field and laboratory studies were conducted at the Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Sweep net samples (100 sweeps/ week) were taken weekly in a pure stand of Ambrosia arte- misiifolia L., ca. 20 x 30 m, from 1 June to 10 September 1985. After 10 September, weekly observations of S. concinna on individual plants continued through 1 Feb- ruary 1986. The information recorded included the number of adults and immatures collected, feeding sites, and oviposition sites. Adults were returned to the laboratory and placed on A. artemisiifolia plants grown in 15.2 cm diam. pots at 26.7°C and 1 2L: 1 2D photoperiod and allowed to lay eggs. Cylindrical butyrate cages (Tsai, 1975) were used to keep insects on the host plants. Upon hatching the immatures were removed from the plant and placed in 2.5 cm diam. culture tubes containing a fresh A. artemisiifolia leaf and stem. The culture tube opening was covered with Parafilm® to prevent escape and desiccation. Plant tissue was replaced every 3 days or when required. Dead insects were replaced to obtain adequate numbers completing each molt. Daily observations of nymphs were made and dates of molts recorded. Descriptions of immatures. The descriptions and illustrations of the egg and each nymphal instar and a key to nymphal instars are based upon laboratory reared individuals. The 5th instar is described in detail but only major differences are described for 4th through 1 st instars. Measurements are given in mm as mean ± SD. Length was measured from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen, width across the widest part of the body, and thoracic length along the midline from the anterior margin of the pronotum to the posterior margin of the metanotum. Eggs were obtained by removing them from host plants by inserting a needle under each egg and teasing it free. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Field study. Six hundred and seventy-three adults were collected throughout the study, and consisted of 72% of all S. concinna collected. Immatures were found from 13 June to 25 July and again from 9 August to 1 February 1986. S. concinna is polyvoltine with eggs laid continuously throughout the study. First and 5th instar nymphs were collected simultaneously due to the overlapping of generations. As ragweeds began dying in early September, S. concinna numbers decreased slightly. However, as ragweed seedlings began appearing S. concinna numbers began to increase. Adults and 4th and 5 th nymphal instars were observed feeding on small to medium sized stems. First, 2nd, and 3rd nymphal instars fed on small leaf veins or midribs on the underside of leaves. Reimer and Goeden (1982) found similar feeding habits in S. tricarinata with 1 st and 2nd instars feeding on the under surface of leaves on small veins and 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars feeding on stems. Eggs were inserted singly in transverse rows of 3 to 5 eggs in small stems. Upon emergence, nymphs would walk to the nearest leaf to begin feeding. Laboratory study. The duration of nymphal development was (. x ± SD) 23.4 ± 2.16 days. High mortality (75%) of 4th and 5th instar nymphs occurred early in the study but decreased when nymphs were provided with larger sections of ragweed 1987 BIOLOGY OF STOBAERA CONCINNA 93 Table 1 . Duration (in days) of the nymphal instars of S. concinna. Nymphal instar No. beginning No. completing Range Days Mean ± SD 1st 23 21 3-7 4.57 ± 1.03 2nd 29 25 3-5 3.72 ± 0.68 3rd 29 20 3-7 4.00 ± 1.17 4th 38 26 3-6 4.45 ± 1.05 5th 35 20 5-9 6.50 ± 1.28 stems and when stems were changed daily. Duration of the nymphal stadia are given in Table 1. Descriptions of Nymphal Instars Fifth instar (Fig. 1). Length 2.16 ± 0.267 ; thoracic length 0.79 ± 0.089; width 1.11 ± 0.137. N = 20. Form elongate, subcylindrical, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, widest across mesothoracic wingpads. Body mottled dark brown and cream, legs pale with dark brown transverse bands. Vertex quadrate, length ca. 0.75 x width at base, posterior margin almost straight; carina on each side extending anteromedially from posterolateral comer and con- tinuing onto frons as inner carina. Frons subrectangular; widest in upper lh, width ca. 0.8 x length; carinate lateral margins convex, these outer carinae extending from vertex to near clypeal border and paralleled by pair of inner carinae; 9 pits between each inner and outer carina and 4 pits between each outer carina and eye. Gena with longitudinal row of 3 small pits. Clypeus narrowing distally, consisting of subconical basal postclypeus and cylindrical distal anteclypeus. Beak 3 -segmented, segment 1 obscured by anteclypeus, lengths of segments 2 and 3 subequal; apex of segment 3 black. Eyes reddish. Antennae 3-segmented; scape slightly flattened anteroventrally; pedicel subcylindrical, ca. 2x length of scape, with ca. 12-14 pitlike sensoria; fla- gellum bulbous basally, with elongate, bristle-like extension distally, bulbous base ca. 0.2 x length of pedicel. Thoracic nota divided by middorsal line into three pairs of plates. Pronotal plates subrectangular, appearing triangular in dorsal view; anterior margin following pos- terior border of eye, posterior border sinuate; each plate with oblique posterolaterally directed carina originating on anterior margin in median Vs and terminating in middle of plate, carina bordered along inner margin by row of 7 pits extending posterolaterally to lateral border of plate (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view). Mesonotal median length ca. 1.5-2 x that of pronotum; subrectangular; each plate bearing an elongate lobate wingpad extending to, or nearly to, tip of metanotal wingpad; with posterolaterally directed carina originating on anterior margin in median lA and terminating on posterior margin; 2 pits on either side of carina and 3 pits in lateral Vs. Metanotal median length ca. 0.75 x that of mesonotum; each plate bearing an elongate lobate wingpad extending to 4th tergite; with longitudinal carina originating 94 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 1. S. concinna fifth instar. A. Habitus. B. Frontal view of head. C. Apical part of venter of female abdomen. D. Apical part of venter of male abdomen. Vertical bar =1.0 mm. on anterior margin in median lA and terminating on posterior margin; 1 pit just lateral to carina. Pro- and mesocoxae elongate, posteromedially directed; metacoxae fused to sternum. Metatrochanter subcylindrical, with row of 15 minute teeth on posteromedial aspect. Metatibia with 2 black-tipped spines on lateral aspect of shaft, an apical transverse row of 5 black-tipped spines on plantar surface and a subtrian- gular, flattened movable spur with a row of 5-7 teeth on lateral aspect. Pro- and mesotarsi with 2 tarsomeres; tarsomere 1 wedge-shaped; tarsomere 2 subconical, curved, and with pair of apical claws and median membranous pulvillus. Metatarsi with 3 tarsomeres; tarsomere 1 cylindrical with apical transverse row of 6 black- tipped spines on plantar surface; tarsomere 2 cylindrical, with apical transverse row of 3 black-tipped spines on plantar surface; tarsomere 3 subconical similar to terminal tarsomere of other legs. Abdomen 9 -segmented; slightly flattened dorsoventrally, widest across segment 4 or 5. Tergite 1 reduced, tergites 5-8 each with 3 pits on either side of midline 1987 BIOLOGY OF STOBAERA CONCINNA 95 (lateralmost pits not always visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect). Segment 9 surrounding anus; with 3 pits on each side; female with 1 pair of acute processes extending caudally from juncture of stemites 8 and 9; males lacking processes. Fourth instar (Fig. 2). Length 1.83 ± 0.195; thoracic length 0.67 ± 0.083; width 0.87 ± 0.120. N = 17. Frons with fewer pits between each outer carina and eye. Antennal pedicel with 6-8 sensoria. Mesonotal wingpad % length of metanotal wingpad. Metanotal wingpad extending to 3rd tergite. Metatibial spur slightly smaller with row of 4 teeth on lateral aspect. Metatarsi with 2 tarsomeres; tarsomere 2 subconical with 3 black-tipped spines in median portion of tarsomere on plantar surface. 96 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Fig. 3. S. concinna immature stages. A. Egg. B. First instar. C. Second instar. D. Third instar. Vertical bar =1.0 mm. 1987 BIOLOGY OF STOBAERA CONCINNA 97 Third instar (Fig. 3d). Length 1.62 ± 0.082; thoracic length 0.55 ± 0.035; width 0.70 ± 0.056. N = 12. Antennal pedicel with 4-6 sensoria; bulbous base of flagellum ca. Vi x length of pedicel. Mesonotal wingpad shorter, covering Vs of metanotal wingpad laterally. Metatibial spur smaller; 2 teeth on margin. Metatarsomere 1 with apical transverse row of 5 black-tipped spines on plantar surface; tarsomere 2 without spines in middle. Second instar (Fig. 3c). Length 1.38 ± 0.062, thoracic length 0.45 ± 0.022; width 0.45 ± 0.048. N = 15. Antennal pedicel with 2 sensoria. Meso- and metanotal wingpads undeveloped. Metatibia with apical transverse row of 4 black-tipped spines on plantar surface; spur smaller lacking lateral teeth, with black tipped tooth at apex. Abdominal tergites with pits very obscure, tergite 5 with fewer pits and 6-8 each with 3 pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect). First instar (Fig. 3b). Length 0.97 ± 0.115; thoracic length 0.34 ± 0.055; width 0. 29. ± 0.026. N = 20. Mottling absent or nearly so, body cream colored. Antennal pedicel lacking sen- soria. Metatibia lacking spines on shaft; spur greatly reduced, slightly longer than longest metatibial spine, with black-tipped tooth at apex. Egg (Fig. 3a). Length 0.82 ± 0.015, width 0.15 ± 0.017. N = 7. Eggs laid singly; white; cylindrical; chorion translucent, smooth. Reimer and Goeden (1981) noted that first instar S. tricarinata lacked a metatibial spur, this is present in all other first instar delphacids examined (for example Steno- cranus lautus Van Duzee, Megamelus davisi Van Duzee, Pissonotus delicatus Van Duzee, Delphacodes idonea Beamer, and D. bellicosa Muir and Giffard) (Calvert, Tsai, and Wilson, unpubl. data; Calvert and Wilson, 1986; Wilson, 1985; Wilson and McPherson, 1981); however, as the spur is very small it is difficult to find. They also reported a different arrangment of the 9 pits on the frons of the 5th instar; the arrangement found for S. concinna is similar to that reported for European delphacids by Vibaste (1968). Key to S. concinna Nymphal Instars 1 . Metatibial spur with marginal teeth; more than 3 pit-like sensoria present on antennal pedicel (Figs. 1 , 2, 3D) 2 - Metatibial spur without marginal teeth; antennal pedicel with 2 or fewer pit-like sensoria (Fig. 3B, C) 4 2. Metatarsi with 3 tarsomeres; mesonotal wingpads extending to or almost to apex of metanotal wingpads (Fig. 1) 5th instar - Metatarsi with 2 tarsomeres (tarsomere 2 may be partially subdivided); mesonotal wingpads not extending to apex of metanotal wingpads (Figs. 2, 3D) 3 3. Metatarsomere 2 with 3 small spines in middle; mesonotal wingpads covering ca. % of metanotal wingpads (Fig. 2) 4th instar - Metatarsomere 2 without spines; mesonotal wingpads covering less than % of metanotal wingpads (Fig. 3D) 3rd instar 4. Metatibia with 2 spines on shaft; antennal pedicel with 2 pit-like sensoria (Fig. 3C) . . . 2nd instar V 98 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) - Metatibia apparently lacking spines on shaft; antennal pedicel lacking pit-like sensoria (Fig. 3B) 1st instar LITERATURE CITED Calvert, P. D. and S. W. Wilson. 1986. Life history and description of the immature stages of the planthopper Stenocranus lautus (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 94:118-125. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1974a. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia acanthicarpa, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 3:827-834. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1974b. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia chamissonis, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 3:835-839. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1975. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia confertiflora, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 4:301-306. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1976a. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia dumosa, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 5:45-50. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1976b. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweeds, Ambrosia chenopodiifolia, A. eriocentra, and A. ilicifolia, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 5:923-930. Goeden, R. D. and D. W. Ricker. 1976c. The phytophagous insect fauna of the ragweed, Ambrosia psilostachya, in southern California. Environ. Entomol. 5:1169-1177. Kramer, J . P. 1973. Revision of the American planthoppers of the genus Stobaera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) with new distributional data and host plant records. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 75:379-402. Reimer, N. J. and R. D. Goeden. 1981. Descriptions of the immature stages of Stobaera tricarinata (Say) (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 57:429- 433. Reimer, N. J. and R. D. Goeden. 1982. Life history of the delphacid planthopper Stobaera tricarinata (Say) on western ragweed, Ambrosia psilostachya DeCandolle, in southern California (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pan Pacific Entomol. 58(2): 105-108. Tsai, J. H. 1975. Occurrence of a com disease in Florida transmitted by Peregrinus maidis. Plant Disease Reporter 59:830-833. Vilbaste, J. 1968. Preliminary key for the identification of the nymphs of North European Homoptera Cicadina. Ann. Entomol. Fenn. 34:65-74. Wilson, S. W. 1985. Descriptions of the immature stages of Delphacodes bellicosa (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 61:72-78. Wilson, S. W. and J. E. McPherson. 1981. Life history of Megamelus davisi with descriptions of immature stages. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74:289-298. Received February 5, 1986; accepted March 5, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1):99— 108, 1987 AMERICABRYA, A NEW GENUS OF ENTOMOBRYIDAE (COLLEMBOLA), WITH A REDESCRIPTION OF A . ARID A (CHRISTIANSON AND BELLINGER) BASED ON MEXICAN SPECIMENS AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES FOR A . EPIPHYTA (LORING) Jose A. Mari Mutt and Jose G. Palacios- Vargas Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico 00708 and Laboratorio de Acarologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico, D.F. Abstract. —The new genus Americabrya is proposed for the three New World species formerly placed in Janetschekbrya Yosii. This taxon is differentiated from Janetschekbrya by scale structure and its less abundant head and body macrochaetotaxy. Americabrya arida is reported for the first time from Mexico and is redescribed. Although the various Mexican populations of this species differ considerably in pigmentation and may belong to several species, no con- sistent morphological differences were detected between them, or with paratypes of A. arida. A few complementary notes to the original description of A. epiphyta are given based on a specimen from Peru. A key to the species of Americabrya is included. The genus Janetschekbrya was proposed by Y osii ( 1 9 7 1 ) for two Himalayan species similar to members of the genera Entomobrya (subgenus Himalanura ) and Willowsia. Janetschekbrya differed from the first genus by the presence of scales and from the second by the very different scale morphology. Janetschekbrya was first reported from the New World by Palacios- Vargas (1979), but the first American species was described by Christiansen and Bellinger (1980), who erected J. arida for specimens collected in three localities in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas (southwestern United States). These authors noted that the Hi- malayan species have a chaetotaxy very different from that of J. arida and that there is also a marked difference in scale structure. They suspected that Yosii’s species and J. arida were not closely related, but chose not to erect a new taxon for their species. The second New World Janetschekbrya was described by Snider (1981) from specimens collected in Costa Rica. This author remarked that his species did “not exactly fit the genus as described by Yosii” but preferred not to erect a new genus until additional species were discovered. Loring (1984) described J. epiphyta from Peru and also commented on the similarities between the New World species com- pared with those from Himalaya. Loring stated “Further examination of these species (New World) is necessary because the Asian and American species may belong to different genera, particularly in light of their known distribution.” Our analysis of the literature and of specimens from the United States, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru convinced us that the American species of Janetschekbrya should be placed in a different genus, for which we propose the name Americabrya. This 100 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) taxon is probably widespread in the Neotropics but may have previously been un- detected because its species are apparently more abundant in the vegetation than in leaf litter, which is the habitat most frequently sampled. DESCRIPTIONS Americabrya, new genus Species formerly placed in Janetschekbrya which possess non-ciliated scales with two distinct longitudinal ribs (Figs. 6, 11). The new taxon also differs from Janet- schekbra by its less abundant head and body macrochaetotaxy and by the presence of smooth prelabral setae (ciliated in Janetschekbrya). Type species. Janetschekbrya arida Christiansen and Bellinger, 1980. Americabrya arida (Christiansen and Bellinger), New Combination Figs. 1-21, 26, 27 Janetschekbrya arida Christiansen and Bellinger, 1980:918-919, fig. 751A-H. Pa- lacios-Vargas et al., 1982:141, as cf. arida. Janetschekbrya sp. Palacios- Vargas, 1979:42. Palacios- Vargas, 1981:90. It is with much apprehension that we place under this species all our Mexican material. Members of various populations, or single specimens from isolated pop- ulations, possess color patterns that differ markedly from that of typical A. arida. However, we have failed to detect a single consistent and reliable morphological difference between any of these populations, or between them and the paratypes of A. arida that we have studied. All the specimens collected at 3,900 m on the Popocatepetl volcano present the color pattern shown in Figure 1 (form B). Individuals differ in the intensity of the pigment but even the lighter specimens possess the conspicuous, wide middorsal stripe that extends from the second thoracic segment to the third abdominal segment. At 3,000 m on the same volcano, the specimens are either completely pigmented (Fig. 2, form C) or have the thorax almost completely white (Fig. 3, form D). One specimen is white except for the eyes, antennae, venter of body and a light dorsolateral band on the third abdominal segment. Another individual is similar to form B but lacks pigment to the sides of the middorsal stripe. The specimens from the other Mexican localities may be referred to forms C and D but the intensity of the pigment is usually reduced, sometimes until the animals appear uniformly light blue or almost white. Three exceptions are the specimens from Baja California, which possess a longitudinal band along the sides of the body and a dorsal transverse band on Abd. 3 (Figs. 8, 9, form E); a single specimen from Chalcatzingo, which has only a lateral longitudinal stripe on each side of the body (Fig. 7, form F); and the five specimens from Guerrero, which possess a pigmentation identical to that of typical A. arida (cf. Figs. 4, 5, form A). Our five specimens from Nicaragua are uniformly light blue. The following redescription of A. arida is based on 10 specimens from the Po- pocatepetl volcano (form B) but the morphological details apply to all the material listed after the description. 1987 A NEW GENUS OF ENTOMOBRYIDAE 101 Figs. 1-3. Americabrya arida. 1. Form B. 2. Form C. 3. Form D. 102 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 4-6. Americabrya arida. 4. Form A, specimen from New Mexico. 5. Form A, specimen from Mexico (Guerrero). 6. Scales. 1987 A NEW GENUS OF ENTOMOBRYIDAE 103 Figs. 7-1 1. Americabrya arida. 7. Form F. 8, 9. Form E. 10. Trochanteral organ. 11. Scale. 12 13 14 Figs. 12-21. Americabrya arida. 12. Distribution of head macrochaetae, arrow signals a seta that was absent on both sides of the head of one specimen. 13. Distribution of body macrochaetae, arrows signal setae that were absent on both sides of the body of one specimen. 14. Outer labial papilla. 15. Maxillary palp. 16. Apex of Ant. 4. 17. Eyes and distribution of interocular setae. 18. Labial chaetotaxy. 19. Sensillae on apex of Ant. 3. 20. Labral papillae. 21. Mucro. 1987 A NEW GENUS OF ENTOMOBRYIDAE 105 Length to 2.45 mm. Intensity and distribution of violet pigment as in figure 1 (but see preceding discussion). Head and body with numerous ribbed scales that are absent from antennae, legs and abdominal appendages. Antennae 2.4 x longer than head, relative lengths of segments: 1:2:2:2.3. Apex of Ant. 4 with a 2-pointed pin seta and a simple sensilla placed in a deep depression (Fig. 1 6). Sense organ of Ant. 3 of 2 simple exposed sensillae (Fig. 19). Head macrochaetotaxy and interocular chaetotaxy as in Figures 12 and 17. Prelabral and labral setae smooth (Fig. 27). Labral papillae large, each with 3-4 apical denticles (Fig. 20). Labial chaetotaxy follows formula al- a5MELlL2 (Fig. 18). Subapical seta of maxillary palp somewhat longer and thicker than apical seta (Fig. 15). Differentiated seta of outer labial papilla thick (Fig. 14), not reaching apex of its papilla. Along ventral cephalic groove 4+4 to 7 + 7 ciliated setae. Trochanteral organ with up to 24 setae (Fig. 10), usually 17. Unguis (Fig. 26) with 2 outer teeth and 4 conspicuous inner teeth. Unguiculus with one lightly serrated outer lamella. One pretarsal seta much larger than the other. Tenent hair thick and very long. Length of smooth seta opposite tenent hair of third pair of legs/length of unguiculus = 1.14 (1.03-1.35, N = 18). Body macrochaetotaxy as in Figure 13. Anterior face of collophore with many ciliated setae, 2 apicals much longer than others. Tenaculum with a long, lightly ciliated seta. Dentes slightly longer than manu- brium. Mucro with 2 teeth and basal spine (Fig. 21). Female genital plate with 2 smooth setae on each valve, male plate not seen (all specimens are female). Material examined (collected by the junior author unless otherwise noted). MEX- ICO. Mexico State: Popocatepetl volcano, Pinus hartwegii forest, leaf litter, 3,900 m, 29.1.1983, 10 specimens on slides and 21 in alcohol. As preceding but collected in 1982, 79 in alcohol. Popocatepetl, Pinus sp. forest, leaf litter. 3,000 m, 2.1.1983, 7 on slides and 24 in alcohol. As preceding but collected on 4.III.1983, 2 in alcohol. Morelos State: Derrame del volcan Chichinautzin, on epiphytic Tillandsia (Bro- meliaceae), 2,430 m, 14. III. 1976, 5 on slides. As preceding but collected at 2,400 m, 22.XII.1976, 1 on slide. As preceding but taken at 2,275 m, 1 on slide. Morelos, Chalcatzingo, on rupicolous Tillandsia, 1,400 m, 3.X.1976, 1 on slide. Morelos, San Juan, Tepoztlan, leaf litter, 2,300 m, 12. XI. 1978, C. Macias, 1 on slide. Durango State: La Michilia, Canada de Taray, mixed pine forest, 2,350 m, leaf litter, J. G. Palacios- Vargas and J. Najt, 1 on slide. Federal District: Contreras, on mosses and leaf liter, 3,100 m, 28. XI. 1976, 6 on slides. Guerrero: road from Taxco to Tetipac, km 7, on Tillandsia prodigiosa, 16.X.1976, 5 on slides. Baja California: Los Cabos municipality, Sierra de La Laguna, mixed pine forest, leaf litter, 9.IV.1983, M. M. Vazquez, 12 on slides and 60 in alcohol. All this Mexican material is deposited in the collections of the authors. UNITED STATES. Arizona: Cochise County, 3,304, 3 paratypes on slides. New Mexico: Los Alamos, Tandol Canyon, 2-6.VI.1976, M. I. and D. C. Lowrie, 1 on slide. Los Alamos, Mortandad Canyon, 25-26.VI.1976, pitfall trap, 5,878, 3 on slides. One specimen from the third locality is at the Illinois Natural History Survey. The other specimens are in the collection of Dr. Kenneth Christiansen, Grinnell College, Iowa. NICARAGUA. Road from Matagalpa to Jinotega, km. 1 50, Pinus ocarpus forest, light trap, 1 ,200-1 ,300 m, I- VIII. 1 984, J.-M. Maes, col., 5 on slides. Three specimens are in the collection of the junior author and two are in the collection of Dr. Jean- Michael Maes, Leon University, Nicaragua. 106 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 22-27. Americabrya epiphyta. 22. Claws. 23. Lateral view of labrum. 24, 25. Outer labial papilla. 26, 27. Americabrya arida. 26. Claws. 27. Labrum. 1987 A NEW GENUS OF ENTOMOBRYIDAE 107 Americabrya epiphyta (Loring), New Combination Figs. 22-25 Janetschekbrya epiphyta Loring, 1984:563-564, figs. 1-12. The observations reported below are based on a specimen from Peru that was damaged during mounting and did not permit us to observe all the details of the pigmentation and chaetotaxy. The other characters agree with the original description except that, according to Loring, the differentiated seta of the outer labial papilla extends beyond the apex of its papilla. His figure suggests that he mistook the dif- ferentiated seta for one of the regular setae on the papilla. Loring also states that the pretarsal setae are absent but such is not the case in our specimen. Outer setae of first labral row about 0.5 x length of other setae on this row (Fig. 23). Labial chaetotaxy as in A. arida. Differentiated seta of outer labial papilla not reaching apex of its papilla (Figs. 24, 25). Along ventral cephalic groove 3 + 3 ciliated setae. Proximal third of tibiotarsus with a long, thick ciliated seta which clearly stands out from neighboring setae. One pretarsal setae much smaller than the other (Fig. 22). Material examined . PERU, Rio Ampiyacu, Estiron, leaf litter from 30 year old secondary forest, XII. 1983 and 1.1984, C. Amedegnato and S. Poulain, 1 on slide. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AMERICABRYA 1 . Unguiculus obliquely truncated; margins of scales serrated; body unpigmented except for a pair of very small spots on Abd. 3 and Abd. 5; Costa Rica A. matthewsi - Unguiculus lanceolate; margins of scales smooth; body usually with patterns of pigment 2 2. Labral papillae without apical denticles; basal pair of ungual teeth placed close to base of unguis (Fig. 22); Peru A. epiphyta - Labral papillae with 2-4 apical denticles (Fig. 20); basal pair of ungual teeth placed near middle of unguis (Fig. 26); southwestern United States, Mexico, Nicaragua A. arida ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We want to thank Mr. Jacques Boudinot for his assistance with the scanning electron mi- croscope and the following colleagues for supplying specimens for study: Kenneth Christiansen, Peter Bellinger, Judith Najt, Maria M. Vazquez, Jean-Michael Maes and Christian Amedegnato. LITERATURE CITED Christiansen, K. and P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande, Part 3. Family Entomobryidae. Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, pp. 785-1042. Loring, S. J. 1984. Janetschekbrya epiphyta, new species from Peru (Collembola: Entomo- bryidae). Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 21(4):563-566. Palacios- Vargas, J. G. 1979. Los Colembolos (Ins.: Apter.) de suelo y hojarasca de epifitas. Fol. Entomol. Mex. 42:41-42. Palacios- Vargas, J. G. 1981. Collembola asociados a Tillandsia en el Derrame Lavico del Chichinautzin, Morelos, Mexico. Southwestern Entomol. 6(2):87-98. Palacios- Vargas, J. G., J. Llampallas and C. L. Hogue. 1982. Preliminary list of the insects and related terrestrial Arthropoda of Socorro Island, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 8 1(3): 138-1 47. 108 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Snider, R. J. 1981. A new species of Janetschekbrya from Costa Rica (Collembola: Ento- mobryidae). Entomol. News 92( 1):39— 4 1 . Yosii, R. 1971. Collembola of Khumbu Himal. In: Khumbu Himal, Innsbruck-Munchen 4( 1 ):80— 1 30. Received March 17, 1986; accepted April 30, 1986. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1):109-1 13, 1987 LECTOTYPE DESIGNATIONS FOR THE TICKS (ACARI: IXODOIDEA: IXODIDAE) DESCRIBED BY ASA FITCH James E. Keirans and Jeffrey K. Barnes Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Entomology, Museum Support Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 and Biological Survey, New York State Museum, The State Education Department, Albany, New York 12230 Abstract. — Dr. Asa Fitch, the first professional entomologist appointed by a state legislature, described three tick species and what he questionably believed to be a fourth. These specimens have been rediscovered, and lectotypes have been designated. Dr. Asa Fitch (1809-1879) was bom in Salem, Washington County, New York, where he lived for most of his life. Although he was a physician by training, he was an entomologist by inclination, and he was even nicknamed “The Bug-Catcher” by his neighbors (Mallis, 1971). Fitch was not officially entitled to the name of State Entomologist of New York, although he was sometimes accorded that title, and from 1855 to 1872 he published fourteen reports on the noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of New York. In these reports and several other publications he described well over 400 arthropod species and subspecies, and he is especially well remembered for his work with Homoptera. In his fourteenth report (Fitch, 1872), he described three tick species, and questionably placed a fourth species in the genus Ixodes : 1) the five-lined tick, 7. quinquestriatus (as “7. 5-striatus ”), 2) Robertson’s tick, I. robertsonii, 3) the torturing tick, Ixodes cruciarius, and 4) the toothache mite, llxodes odontalgiae. Neumann (1911) synonymized both I. quinquestriatus and 7. robertsonii with Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821) and Ixodes cruciarius with 7. cookei Packard, 1869. Cooley (1938) followed Neumann in accepting the Dermacentor synonymies. Cooley and Kohls (1945) and Keirans and Clifford (1978) accepted the Ixodes cru- ciarius synonymy. Bequaert (1946) accepted all of Neumann’s synonyms. It is known that Professor Cooley examined Fitch’s specimens of Ixodes quin- questriatus and 7. robertsonii. We are in possession of Dr. Glen M. Kohls’ copy of Bequaert (1946) in which he wrote beside the entries for 7. quinquestriatus and 7. robertsonii (p. 165) “$ [quinquestriatus], 6 [ robertsonii ], on pin, seen by Cooley, March, 1939.” Kohls was Cooley’s coworker for many years. It appears that no one has seen any of Fitch’s tick specimens, which, along with all their associated collecting data, have been “lost” to science for the intervening 47 years. Dr. Fitch never designed a type for any of his species. However, he did label nearly all of his specimens with individual numbers, which he recorded in four register books— two for specimens from New York State, one for specimens from elsewhere 10 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) in the United States and from Canada, and one for specimens from other parts of the world. The register books for specimens from the United States and Canada, including New York State, are in the New York State Museum, Albany, and the other book is in the library of the Museum of Science, Boston. In his registers, next to the appropriate specimen numbers, Fitch recorded the species names and various collecting data, including dates and localities. He also recorded the numbers and dates in his extensive manuscript notes, most of which are in the possession of the New York State Museum. His specimen labels can be readily correlated with the register numbers, thus enabling the recognition of type series and the determination of localities and other data relating to the types (Barnes, 1984a, b). Having recognized the type series, it is possible to designate lectotypes. Keirans has had the opportunity to study Fitch’s types of I. quinquestriatus, /. rob- ertsonii, /. cruciarius, and I. odontalgiae. The specimen of the latter species (National Parasite Collection number 3477; Type No. 1346 USNM) is an immature spider and will not be mentioned farther. Lectotypes and paralectotypic series have been des- ignated and isolated within the vials and jars containing specimens of the taxa. The nomenclative status of this material is clearly indicated on an additional included label. Many of Fitch’s tick specimens were sent to his home in Salem, New York, by William Schenck Robertson, a pioneer educator at the Tullahassee Mission in Indian Territory (Dale, 1935). Fitch received thousands of arthropod specimens from Rob- ertson, and he usually indicated in his registers and notes that they came from “Tullehassie, West of Arkansas” (=Tullahassee, Wagoner County, Oklahoma) and gave a date— presumably the one on which an individual lot of specimens was received. At least one tick specimen sent by Robertson was recorded as having come from “Park Hill, bank of Illinois Creek— Aug. 13, 1852.” These data seemed enigmatic until we discovered that in 1850 Robertson married Ann Eliza Worcester, the eldest child of Rev. Samuel A. Worcester, who had for some years been in charge of the Cherokee mission at Park Hill, Cherokee County, Oklahoma, less than 30 miles from Tullahassee (Dale, 1935). Ixodes quinquestriatus Fitch, 1872:366 Junior subjective synonym of Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821). There are two jars labelled “ Ixodes quinquestriatus ” as follows: Jar #1 contains 399 Dermacentor variabilis as follows: 1) 1 D. variabilis on full pin; hand- written 2995 on white label on pin. 2) 1 D. variabilis on full pin; hand-written 1256 on white label on pin. 3) 1 D. variabilis on broken pin; no label. There are 3 free-floating labels in the alcohol: 1) Ixodes 5-striatus, Ark. W. S. Rob. [Hand-written]. 2) Fitch’s Collection [Machine-printed]. 3) 5688 [Hand- written]. Presumably this label belongs to the 9 D. variabilis on the broken pin. The three ticks in this jar were given National Tick Collection number RML 118013 and National Parasite Collection number 3472. Jar #2 contains 19 Dermacentor variabilis on a broken pin. There are 6 free-floating labels in the alcohol: 1987 TICK LECTOTYPES 11 1) Ixodes 5-striatus, Va. T.A. Culb. [Hand- written]. 2) Fitch’s Collection [Machine- printed]. 3) Fitch’s Type [Machine-printed]. 4) Type No. 1348 U.S.N.M. [Machine- printed except for hand-written number]. 5) TYPE [Machine-printed]. 6) 744 [Hand- written]. This tick was given National Tick Collection number RML 118014 and National Parasite Collection number 3472. Types. Lectotype 2 (RML 118014; NPC 3472; USNM 1348; Fitch 744) Ixodes quinquestriatus, host unknown, Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia, received by Dr. Fitch in 1847 from Thaddeus A. Culbertson and 322 paralectotypes (RML 118013; NPC 3472; Fitch 2995, 1256, 5688), host unknown, Tullehassie, Indian Territory west of Arkansas (now Tullahassee, Wagoner County, Oklahoma) received by Dr. Fitch on Dec. 4, 1851 (2995), Jun. 19, 1851 (1256), and Jul. 1852 (5688) from William S. Robertson. All are deposited in the National Parasite Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Fitch listed another specimen in his register and notes, his number 5760, with the same data as number 5688, but we have not located it. Ixodes robertsonii Fitch, 1872:366 Junior subjective synonym of Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821). In the jar are 266 D. variabilis , one on a full pin with an attached label with a hand- written number 6364. The second specimen is on a broken pin and on another piece of broken pin is a label with the hand- written number 1639. There are 4 free- floating labels in the alcohol: 1) Ixodes robertsonii, Fitch [Hand-written]. 2) Fitch’s Collection [Machine-print- ed]. 3) TYPE [Machine-printed]. 4) Type No. 1351 U.S.N.M. [Machine-printed except for hand- written number]. Types. Lectotype 6 (on full pin) (RML 118012; NPC 3475; USNM 1351; Fitch 6364), and 16 paralectotype (RML 118012; NPC 3475; USNM 1351; Fitch 1639) Ixodes robertsonii, host unknown, bank of Illinois Creek, Park Hill, Cherokee County, Oklahoma, Aug. 13, 1852, Rev. William S. Robertson. Collection data for lectotype from Fitch’s manuscript notes and collection register; no collection data mentioned in his manuscript notes for the paralectotype (Fitch 1639). Both specimens deposited in the National Parasite Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary- land 20705, USA. In addition to Fitch’s tick species I. robertsonii, we also found in the National Tick Collection two ticks in a jar labelled Ixodes robertsonii var. o s. There are 6 free-floating labels in the alcohol: 1) Ixodes [specific epithet crossed out] var. o s, Ark. W.S. Rob. [Hand- written]. 2) Fitch’s Collection [Machine-printed]. 3) Fitch’s Type [Machine-printed]. 4) 2859 [Hand- written]. 5) Virtually unintelligible label bearing the remains of a number, perhaps 5597 [Hand- written]. 6) Type No. 1352 U.S.N.M. [Machine-printed except for hand- written number]. The two ticks, each with a pin hole, are 16 Amblyomma maculatum Koch and 1 6 Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius). The collection has been given National Tick Collection number RML 118017; USNM 1352. According to Fitch’s specimen register, collection 2859 arrived at his home in New 112 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) York, Dec. 4, 1851, and was received from William S. Robertson, Tullehassie, W. of Arkansas. Evidently, Fitch was unsure whether these specimens constituted a new species or a variety of I. robertsonii and so published neither description nor name. Fitch’s tick name is not recorded here because it would constitute a nomen nudum. Specimens deposited in the National Tick Collection, Museum Support Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. Ixodes cruciarius Fitch, 1872:366 Junior subjective synonym of Ixodes cookei Packard, 1869. In the jar is 1 nymph of Ixodes cookei on a broken pin. There are 4 free-floating labels in the alcohol: 1) Fitch’s Collection [Machine-printed]. 2) Fitch’s Type [Machine-printed]. 3) Type No. 1347 U.S.N.M. [Machine-printed except for hand-written number]. 4) TYPE [Machine-printed] . Type. Lectotype nymph (RML 118015; NPC 3476; USNM 1 347) Ixodes cruciarius, no collecting data with specimen, although the USNM Type catalogue lists the col- lection from New York. According to Fitch’s published description and manuscript notes, he saw at least three specimens, including a very small one collected Sept. 8, 1857 “on Anna’s [his daughter’s] arm.” That specimen is not numbered in Fitch’s notes. His specimen number 15,669 was collected Nov. 1, 1868 from a mink, and his specimen number 15,670 was found in “1868 on Miss Turner’s leg, in bed, by night.” All 3 specimens were presumably collected at or near his home in Salem, New York. Lectotype deposited in the National Parasite Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Belts ville, Maryland 20705, USA. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Curator, National Parasite Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, for allowing JEK to study Asa Fitch’s tick collection. Dr. Wayne N. Mathis and Mr. Richard G. Robbins, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, kindly reviewed the manuscript. Published in part as contribution number 485 of the New York State Science Service. LITERATURE CITED Barnes, J. K. 1984a. The Membracidae and other Homoptera described by Asa Fitch, 1851, and Ebenezer Emmons, 1855: historical perspective and analysis. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 92:27-34. Barnes, J. K. 1984b. Recently recognized types of some Homoptera described by Dr. Asa Fitch. Psyche 91:133-139. Bequaert, J. C. 1946. The ticks, or Ixodoidea, of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Entomol. Amer. 25:73-232. Cooley, R. A. 1938. The genera Dermacentor and Otocentor (Ixodidae) in the United States, with studies in variation. Nat. Inst. Hlth. Bull. (171): 1-89. Cooley, R. A. and G. M. Kohls. 1945. The genus Ixodes in North America. Nat. Inst. Hlth. Bull. (184): 1-246. Dale, E. E. 1935. Robertson, William Schenck. Page 30 in: D. Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. 16. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. 1987 TICK LECTOTYPES 113 Fitch, A. 1872. Fourteenth report on the noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of New York. Trans. N.Y. St. Agric. Soc. 30(1 870):355-38 1 . Keirans, J. E. and C. M. Clifford. 1978. The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to the adults. J. Med. Entomol. Suppl. No. 2, 149 pp. Mallis, A. 1971. American Entomologists. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, xvii + 549 pp. Neumann, L. G. 1911. Ixodidae. Das Tierreich (26), 169 pp. Received March 3, 1986; accepted April 23, 1986. J. New YorkEntomol. Soc. 95(1):1 14-1 17, 1987 EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION OF THE MYCOSIS CAUSED BY ENTOMOPHTHORA MUSCAE IN A POPULATION OF HOUSE FLIES ( MUSCA DOMESTICA ) WITHIN A POULTRY BUILDING John Paul Kramer and Donald C. Steinkraus Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Abstract.— Color-marked house flies (Musca domestica ) with advanced infections of Ento- mophthora muscae were added to a test group of healthy young adult flies within a poultry building. About 6 to 8 days after the flies in the marked-infected group died, those in the test group also died. Cadavers of flies that succumbed to the infection were found on various surfaces within the building. This probably serves to promote the distribution of infective conidia within the general environment. Deaths attributable to the mycosis in the test group probably ap- proached or reached 100%. It is suggested that E. muscae can be used to control house flies in the field. While spectacular natural epidemics of the mycosis caused by Entomophthora muscae in populations of Musca domestica have been reported in the literature for decades (see Greenberg, 1973; West and Peters, 1973), the exploitation of this fungus in the biological control of house flies has received little consideration. In the literature available to us we found only two previous studies that center on the use of E. muscae for house-fly control. Schweizer (1936) added small chunks of an in vitro culture of a fungus he identified as E. muscae to saucers of milk and sugar. These dishes were placed in stables, and the harmful effects on house flies were noticed within a short time. Unfortunately the methods he used to culture the fungus and to measure the impact of the contaminated sugar-milk on populations of flies are described only briefly. Vogel (1968) also cultured a fungus he identified as E. muscae on a special substrate. Pieces of fresh mycelium from these cultures set out in animal buildings were said to have caused rapid mortality within house-fly populations. How he conducted his field tests and measured his results is not given. Here we discuss our attempt to induce the fatal disease caused by E. muscae in a previously disease-free population of house flies under field conditions. The results not only contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of the mycosis caused by E. muscae, but also clearly demonstrate that this fungus could be used to control house flies in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test site. The poultry building selected for the experiment was one of eight similar structures (each about 4 m wide, 3 m deep and 2.5 m high) located on a sunny and well-drained field of closely mown grass at Cornell University’s Poultry Research Farm 2, Ithaca, New York (Fig. 1). Large screened windows covered the upper portion of the front of the house. The rear wall was windowless. One side of 1987 INDUCTION OF MYCOSIS BY ENTOMOPHTHORA 1 1 5 Table 1. The fate of marked-infected flies and test flies: the spatial distribution of their cadavers and the prevalence of Entomophthora muscae infections among them. Sites Marked-infected flies' Test flies2 # (%) % infected # (%) % infected Floor 104 (53) 100 169 (49) 88 Feeder 57 (29) 100 38 (11) 100 Strings 28(15) 100 85 (25) 93 Walls 5(2) 100 38(11) 100 Ceiling 3(1) 100 12(4) 100 Totals 197(100) - 342(100) - 1 Excludes about 50 flies not recovered at end of test. 2 Excludes about 100 flies not recovered at end of test. the house was fitted with a large hinged door, while the other side contained but one small screened window. The floor was solid except for several small and inconspic- uous holes, undoubtedly the handiwork of mice. Traces of chicken droppings, feath- ers, spilt chicken feed, cobwebs and dust covered parts of the walls and floor. This refuse was removed to maximize our chances for successfully following the fate of the flies used in this study. We also felt that a relatively clean building might dis- courage the activities of Canadian deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis ) known to occur in the area. Eight strings of cotton twine about a meter in length were suspended from the ceiling to provide the flies with additional resting sites. This test was conducted in early August when natural E. muscae infections are uncommon in the Ithaca area. It is a period generally characterized by warm sunny days with little rainfall and warm to cool nights. Source of inoculum. A group of about 250 healthy insectary-reared house flies was inoculated with our strain of E. muscae by a method described elsewhere (Kramer and Steinkraus, 1981). The flies were next held in the laboratory for about four days. They were then lightly anesthetized with carbon dioxide and the dorsa of their thoraxes marked with a dab of fast-drying nontoxic red paint. Since we had established that diseased flies generally die of the mycosis between post-exposure days 5 and 8 under laboratory conditions, we knew that these marked-infected flies would die within three days from the start of the field study. Procedures. The marked-infected flies, plus a test group of about 400 young flies from a disease-free insectary colony, were released within the chicken house. This mixed population of flies was observed daily through the screened windows. A feeder consisting of a large tray containing a mixture of dried milk and sugar, plus a water fountain, was placed in the house to sustain the flies. At the end of the experiment, cadavers associated with various surfaces were counted and categorized as given in Table 1. Only specimens displaying typical post-mortem changes were scored as infected (see Fig. 3). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Observations made over the first three days of the experiment revealed that some flies from both the test group and the marked-infected group had died on the floor or had fallen to the floor after dying. By the eleventh day there were no signs of 116 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 95(1) Figs. 1-4. 1. Poultry building used in this study. 2. Cadavers of flies from the test group affixed to a substrate and displaying various stages of the post-mortem changes associated with the mycosis. 3. Two test-group cadavers from which showers of conidia are being produced. Note whitish layer of conidia covering under surface of the wing of the fly at the right. 4. Adult Canadian deer mouse eating cadavers of flies with E. muscae outgrowths. This mouse was trapped at the test site and fed cadavers in the laboratory without any ill effects. movement or flight observable through the screened windows, and we entered the building. A careful search yielded no living flies. Intact cadavers were found on the ceiling, walls, strings and the feeder (Figs. 2, 3). A mixture of whole cadavers, piles of wings and legs, plus fecal pellets from mice, was found on the floor. About 80% of the flies within each group was recovered. In all likelihood the carcasses of the missing flies had been eaten by mice that had entered the building through the small holes in the floor (see Fig. 4). 1987 INDUCTION OF MYCOSIS BY ENTOMOPHTHORA 117 The spatial distribution of cadavers within both groups is given in Table 1. In each case about 50% of the flies had died on or fallen to the floor, while another 35 to 40% had died on the strings or the feeder. Only 10 to 15% were found on the walls and ceiling. Clearly all surfaces frequented by healthy flies may also serve as final roosting sites for individuals that succumb to the mycosis. This might promote a rather good distribution of infective conidia within the general environment. While 100% of the cadavers recovered from the marked-infected group displayed the characteristic post-mortem changes associated with the mycosis, only 92% of the cadavers from the test group did so. The collection of dead flies lacking typical post- mortem changes was not studied in detail. A majority of them, however, probably had died within the first few days of the experiment and thereby escaped the mycosis. Hence, the actual incidence of fatal E. muscae infections in flies that had lived for seven to nine days within the test group probably approached or reached 100%. LITERATURE CITED Greenberg, B. 1973. Flies and Disease, Vol. 2. Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey, 447 pp. Kramer, J. P. and D. C. Steinkraus. 1981. Culture of Entomophthora muscae in vivo and its infectivity for six species of muscoid flies. Mycopathologia 76:139-143. Schweizer, G. 1936. Der Pilz Empusa muscae und seine Bedeutung bei der Fliegen-bekamp- fung. Natur und Kultur 33:149-152. Vogel, H. 1968. Zuchtung von Empusa muscae und deren Verwendung zur Fliegen-bekamp- fung. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde 41:76-77. West, L. S. and O. B. Peters. 1 973. An Annotated Bibliography of Musca domestica Linnaeus. Dawsons of Pall Mall, Folkstone and London, 743 pp. Received August 29, 1985; accepted September 15, 1986. J. New YorkEntomol. Soc. 95(1):1 18-1 19, 1987 NOTES AND COMMENTS POLYBIA ( MYRAPETRA ) PAULISTA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE), AN AERIAL PREDATOR OF SWARMING ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FOKMICIDAE) IN BRAZIL During reproduction in the majority of ant species, alate males and females leave the nest to mate and disperse. Generally, male ants exit before females, and in at least some species, form leks (Brian, 1983). It is also during the nuptial flight, or swarming, that extreme mortality of reproductives occurs, chiefly throug predation and execution by conspecifics (Brian, 1965). Some predators of reproduct;ve ants during the period of nuptial flight include social wasps. Van der Vecht (195/) and Chapman (1963) have described how social wasps actively capture ants in swarms. In both cases, the aerially captured ants were dismembered, and wasps apparently returned to their nest with small balls of ant meat, or with ant hemolymph carried in their crops. In South America, polybiine wasps are locally quite abundant, and, in some cases, construct enormous nests (Richards and Richards, 1951). Many of the polybiine genera, like their vespoid relatives, are general predators. In a recent study, Gobbi et al. (1984) found that the prey of Polybia occidentalis occidentalis (Olivier) was largely alate ants during the spring (September and October). Like other species of the genus, P. occidentalis stores intact prey in the lower levels of the enclosed aerial nest. If prey are particularly abundant, colonies tend to overstock. In these cases, more prey are stored than can be fed to the larvae in a reasonable time period, and fungal contamination of the stored prey often occurs (Gobbi, 1984). This note discusses the predatory behavior of Polybia paulista (Ihering) on swarms of Conomyrma, probably brunnea (Forel) in central Brazil. Swarms of Conomyrma formed between 1 1 a.m. and 1 p.m. (ST) over a grassy field in Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, on 7 and 8 September 1985. This diurnal tune window is within the expected flight period of Conomyrma (MacKay and MacKay, 1984). The first rainfall in over one month fell on 6 September. Swarms formed over taller herbaceous vegetation or fenceposts at heights of 1 to 2 m. Swarm density was approximately 700/ha, with swarms occurring about every 5 m. Swanns were gen- erally compact, 30 to 40 cm in diameter, and tended to move vertically and hori- zontally continuously. An aerial net, 38 cm in diameter, was used to sample swarms. One sweep was made through the center of each swarm sampled. Each sweep sample was placed in alcohol and sorted in the laboratory. The number of male and female Conomyrma and P. paulista workers per sample was recorded. The number of P. paulista workers per swarm was found to be highly correlated with lek size ( r = 0.754, P < 0.001), suggesting that P. paulista was responding nu- merically to swarm size. Individual captures of 22 P. paulista workers leaving swarms 1987 NOTES AND COMMENTS 119 indicated that all had captured only males. Because of this, it is probable that P. paulista has a minimal effect on the population dynamics of Conomyrma. However, swarms of ants may provide an abundant resource to spur colony growth of P. paulista in the spring, allowing it to attain colony population levels capable of controlling populations of its summer prey, Hemiptera and Homoptera (Gobbi et al., 1984).— H. G. Fowler, Institute de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13,500 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Nivar Gobbi for helpful discussions, and Elena Fowler for help with collections and counts. LITERATURE CITED Brian, MuV. 1965. Social Insect Populations. Academic Press, New York. Brian, M. V. 1983. Social Insects: Ecology and Behavioral Ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York. Chapman, J. A. 1 963. Predation by Vespula wasps on hilltop swarms of winged ants. Ecology 44:766-767. Gobbi, N. 1984. Contribui$ao ao estudo do ciclo basico de especies do genero Polybia, com especial referenda a Polybia ( Myrapetra ) paulista (Ihering, 1896) e Polybia occidentalis occidentalis (Oli/ier, 1791) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Revta. Bras. Entomol. 28:45 1— 457. Gobbi, N., V L. L. Machado and J. A. Tavares Filho. 1984. Sazonalidade das presas utilizadas na alimenta5ao de Polybia occidentalis occidentalis (Olivier, 1791). An. Soc. Entomol. Bras. 13:63-69. MacKay, E. E. and W. P. MacKay. 1 984. Apoyo a la actual division generica de hormigas usando etologia comparativa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Folia Entomol. Mexicana 6 1 : 179-188. Richards, O. W. and M. J. Richards. 1951. Observations on the social wasps of South America (Hym., Vespidae). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 102:1-170. Van der Vecht, J. 1957. The Vespinae of the Indo-Malaysian and Papuan areas (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoo'l. Verh. Leiden 34:1-83. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 95(1): 1 20, 1987 BOOK REVIEW Aphid Ecology.— A. F. G. Dixon. 1985. Blackie & Son Ltd., Glasgow. 157 pp. Hardbound: $3 9. 9 5/Chapman & Hall, £17.95/Blackie. Aphids are a unique group of phloem-feeding insects that display such unusual attributes as cyclical parthenogenesis, extensive polymorphism, and telescoping of generations. Although this group contains only about 4,000 species, aphids have been the object of a substantial amount of research by temperate zone entomologists. One reason behind this impressive research effort is the impact of aphids on economically important plants. The frequent abundance of aphid populations has also led to their use by many as experimental animals or models for population studies. Thus, the literature on aphid biology and ecology can be formidable. In this book, Dixon summarizes the knowledge on many of the diverse aspects of aphid biology and ecology. The term ecology in this book is “used in a broad sense to include aspects of the basic biology of the group necessary for an understanding of the population and community levels of organization.” Topics presented include much more than just the ecology of aphids, as many would define this term. The eight chapters cover host selection, aphid size, polymorphism, cyclical parthenogenesis, life-history patterns, dispersal, population dynamics, and community structure and species diversity. I found that the integration of material as presented was refreshing. Quantitative re- lationships describing many aspects of aphids are intermingled with evolutionary questions. For example, genetic diversity within aphid populations and the advan- tages of sexuality are discussed within the chapter on parthenogenesis. Over 100 illustrations are provided to describe the many quantitative relationships presented in the text. At the end of each chapter, a helpful summary section ties together the information just presented. An introduction and epilogue set a framework for the body of the text and a short appendix of scientific and common names of the aphids discussed in the text is included. Dixon presents a synthesis of valuable information drawing upon recent research as well as older studies for examples. A summary work of this sort is easy to criticize because some information must be excluded to present such a concise account. In doing so, Dixon presents many of his own ideas and theories and emphasizes the work done by himself and his students. Based on the number of studies which have been done on aphid population dynamics, as well as the natural enemies associated with aphids, these brief sections might well have been expanded— especially in a book titled Aphid Ecology. The summary nature of this book and its abbreviated length would make it in- teresting reading for advanced students, teachers, and researchers in entomology, as well as in many other subdivisions of the biological sciences. Unfortunately, the price of $39.95 may hinder many people other than aphidologists from purchasing this book. For people working on aphids, this book by one of the most preeminent researchers in this field is a must. —Ann E. Hajek, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. {Continued from back cover) Experimental introduction of the mycosis caused by Entomophthora muscae in a population of house flies {Musca domestica ) in a poultry building John Paul Kramer and Donald C. Steinkraus 1 14 Notes and Comments Polybia ( Myrapetra ) paulista (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), an aerial predator of swarming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Brazil H. G. Fowler 1 1 8 Book Review Aphid Ecology Ann E. Hajek 120 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS The Journal of the New York Entomological Society is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge of insects and related taxa. The costs of publishing the Journal are paid by subscriptions, membership dues, page charges, and the proceeds from an endowment established with bequests from the late C. P. Alexander and Patricia Vaurie. The Journal will consider for publication manuscripts of any length dealing with original research in entomology. Longer papers will be printed as articles, shorter ones as “scientific notes.” Book reviews will be solicited by the Book Review Editor. Manuscripts should be submitted in duplicate to: Dr. Randall T. 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Excessive alterations in proof will j be charged to the author at the rate of $2.00 per revision line. \ Society members will be charged a fee of $20.00 per printed page and $5.00 per plate of figures. Non-members will be charged $45.00 per printed page and $5.00 per plate of figures. Member authors who do not have institutional funds may petition to the Society for waiver of page charges for no more than eight pages on a once a year basis. Because of limited funds, all such requests will be handled on a first-come first-serve basis. Authors will receive a reprint order blank with the proofs. Reprints are ordered directly from the printer with no benefit accruing to the Society. Journal of the New York Entomological Society VOLUME 95 JANUARY 1987 NO. 1 CONTENTS A new species of Micromus from the western United States (Neuroptera: Hem- erobiidae) John D. Oswald 1 Eremochilini, a new tribe of neotropical Epilachninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Robert D. Gordon and Natalia Vandenberg 5 Carabus auratus L. and Clivinafossor L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae): new records of two introduced taxa in the northwest and northeast U.S.A. Robert E. Nelson and Ross A. Reynolds 10 Infectivity of eight species of entomogenous fungi to the larvae of the elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) Celeste Houle, George C. Hartmann, and S. Salman Wasti 14 An attractant for mushroom flies (Diptera: Phoridae) J. A. Kamm, R. G. Buttery, and W. H. Robinson 19 A description of the mature larva and cocoon of the bee Thygater (Hymenoptera; Anthophoridae) Laurence Packer 23 Nesting biology of the squash bee Peponapis utahensis (Hymenoptera; Antho- phoridae; Eucerini) Jerome G. Rozen, Jr. and Ricardo Ayala 28 Neotropical Miridae, CCXXXIV: new species of Resthenini (Hemipera) J. C. M. Carvalho and J. C. Schaffner 34 Orthotylus aesculicola : a new plant bug from Missouri (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) R. L. Blinn 57 Two new genera and species of Pentatomini from Peru and Brazil (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) L. H. Rolston 62 Diagnosis of Epipedus Spinola and redescription of the type species, E. histrio Spinola (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) L. H. Rolston 69 A second species of Parvamima Ruckes (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discoceph- alinae) L. H. Rolston 73 Derephysia foliacea (Fallen), a Tingidae new to North America (Hemiptera: Het- eroptera) John D. Lattin 76 A revision of the genus Dushinckanus with descriptions of two new species (He- miptera: Lygaeidae) B. J. Harrington 81 Stobaera concinna (Homoptera: Delphacidae): field biology, laboratory rearing and descriptions of immature stages Paul D. Calvert, Stephen W. Wilson, and James H. Tsai 9 1 Americabrya, a new genus of Entomobryidae (Collembola), with a redescription of A. arida (Christianson and Bellinger) based on Mexican specimens and de- scriptive notes for A. epiphyta (Loring) Jose A. Mari Mutt and Jose G. Palacios- Vargas 99 Lectotype designations for the ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) described by Asa Fitch James E. Keirans and Jeffrey K. Barnes 109 ( Continued on inside back cover ) ^