t

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

LIBRARY OF

Henry Guernsey Hubbard

AND

Eugene Amandus Schwarz

^

DONATED IN 1902

ACCESSION NO

J^^

■'TP'

JOU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

3?ctjotrli to CntomoIoffP in (Scnrral

VOLUME XT.

Edited by Wm. Beutenmuller.

Publication Committee.

W. D. Kearfott, Harrison G. Dyar,

Herman Hug, W. Beutenmuller.

,%^0^^

NEW YORK:

Published by the Society.
1903.

Press of
The New Era Printing Comp

LANCASTER, Pa.

Contents of Volume XI.

AsHMEAD, William H.,

Classification of the Pointed-tailed Wasps or the Super-
family Proctotrypoidea ^I,Xir, ... 28, 86

Two New Hymenopterous Parasites, . . . .144

Banks, Nathan,

Additions to the List of Pentatomido2, . . . 227

Some New Neuropteroid hisects, .... 236

Brues, Charles T. ,

On the Sleeping Habits of Some Aculeate Hymen-

optera, . . . . . . . .228

BUENO, J. R. DE LA ToRRE,

A Preliminary List of the Pentatomidre Within Fifty

Miles of New York, 12S

Brief Notes Toward the Life-History of Pelocoris femo-

rata, with a Few Remarks on Habits, . . .166

Note on Pentatomidce, . . . . . .228

BuscK, August,

Notes on the Cerostoma Group of Yponomeutid;\j, with

Descriptions of New North American Species, . 45

On the Generic Name of the Codling Moth, . . 106

Coleman, George A.,

Coccidae of the Coniferai, with the Descriptions of Ten

New Species, . . . . . . . 61

Daecke, E.,

The Larva of Phiprosopus callitrichoides, . . . 105

Dyar, Harrison G.,

Illustrations of the Larvre of North American Culicidre,

I", 23

A Review of the North American Si)ecies of Pronuba

and Prodoxus, . . . . . . .102

The Real Larvae of Xanthopastis timais, . . .104

Horn, Walther,

List of the Cicindelidae of Mexico, and their Relation-
ship with the Species of the United States, . . 213

IV

Contents.

Kearfott, W. D. »

Descriptions of New Tineoidea, . . . .'145

Leng, Charles W., •

Notes on Coccinellidas — I, II, ... 35, 193

Letcher, Beverly,

Phryganidia californica, . . . , . .117

Ludlow, C. S.,

Some Philippine Mosquitoes, ..... 137
MacGillivray, Alex. D.,

Winding Elbow-Pins, ...... 99

Needham, James G., and Anthony, Maude H.,

The Skewness of the Thorax in the Odonata, . . 117

Packard, A. S.,

Color Preference in Insects, . . . . .132

New Generic Types of Bombycine Moths, . . . 244

Schaus, William,

New Noctuidse from Tropical America, . . , 230

Smith, John B.,

New Noctuids for 1903, No. 2, with Notes on Mames-

tra and Scotogramma, ...... i

New Noctuids for 1903. No. 5, . . • . . 188

Snodgrass, Robert E.,

The Terminal Abdominal Segments of Female Tipu-

lidse, . . . . . . . . .177

Notes on the Internal Anatomy of Peranabrus scabri-'

collis, . . . . . •. . .183

Swenk, Myron H.,

A Synopsis of the North American Species of Japyx, . 129
Webster, F. M.,

The Price of Dairy Products as Influencing the Abun-
dance of Some Insects, ..... 59
Weeks, Archibald C,

Theory as to Evolution of Secondaries of Moths of the

Genus Catocala, . . . . . . .221

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, iii, 173, 249

JOURNAL

TOfId ]9opfe Qntoraologiral iSoriFtg^

Vol. XT. MARCH, 1903. No. 1.

NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903, No. 2, WITH NOTES
ON MAMESTRA AND SCOTOGRAMMA.

Bv John B. Smith, Sc.D.

The first paper of this series is in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol.
XXXV, January, 1903, p. 9, and six species are there described. The
present paper contains descriptions of species and notes on a number
of others — chiefly Mamestra and Scotogranwia. It happens not in-
frequently that, after a genus has been monographed, material accumu-
lates that makes studies possible that were not so when the original
work was done ; so in the two genera mentioned I have accumulated
material that enables me to give figures of genitalic structures of species
not in my possession when I first wrote on them ; some corrections in
the synonymy may also be made on the same occasion for these
genera.

Moma geminata, sp. nov.

Ground color of head, thorax and primaries a clear bluish-green, the maculation
black and contrasting. Head with a black line across the front. Collar with a black
central spot. Patagia and disc with scattered black scales. The scale tuft on the
basal segment of abdomen black-tipped ; segments blackish, edged with white.
Primaries with all the usual markings present, broken, black, contrasting. Basal line
geminate, outer portion powdery and marked over the costal area only ; inner portion
more prominent, curved inward to a basal black dot. A black spot on inner margin
near base. An irregular black spur extends from base through the submedian inter-
space to the angle of t. a. line. T. a. line geminate, broken, inner line best marked
by an angulate portion in the middle of the wing; outer line best marked on costa and
internal margin, else powdery. T. p. line geminate, broken ; the inner portion com-
posed of two main portions, one opposite the cell, the other opposite the inner angle
where it is broad, lunate and has an inward tooth ; the outer portion is most promi-

2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLxi.

nent on the costa and is then broken into somewhat triangular spots. A series of un-
equal terminal black spots beyond which the fringes are cut with black. Claviform
indicated by black scales. Orbicular moderate, upright, oval, concolorous, incom-
pletely outlined. Reniform large, almost lunate, outlined by black scales, the center
a black diffuse lunule. A black median shade is marked on the costa, forms a black
square between the ordinary spots and is traceable, though powdery, to the inner
margin. Secondaries smoky over a white base, with a series of black terminal
lunules and a reflection from the outer line and discal spot of the under side. Be-
neath, white, more or less powdery, with an outer blackish line, a discal spot and
a broken black terminal line ; primaries with the costal region and disc darker.
Expands 1.48 inches =37 mm.

Habitat: Cartwright, Manitoba, May 7.

One female, in good condition from Mr. E. F. Heath. This is a
beautiful species, larger than the eastern form and obviously distinct
by the geminate median lines and better defined ordinary spots.
Epidemas obscurus, sp. nov.

Ground color dull smoky gray, with a brownish tinge in primaries. Head and
thorax concolorous, tending to gray tippings. Primaries with the maculation fairly
defined, but in no wise contrasting or prominent. Basal line not obvious. A slender,
slightly curved black basal streak, which does not extend more than half way to the
t. a. line. T. a. line single, black, slender, outwardly angulate in the interspaces, as
a whole a little oblique. T. p. line geminate, the outer part even, smoky and in-
complete ; inner portion brown, a little lunulate, included space a little paler and with
some white scales : as a whole abruptly bent over the cell, then evenly and not
greatly incurved below. S. t. line a little paler, broken, indicated by a few whitish
scales and by a darker preceding shade on costa and darker terminal space below the
apex : a small W-mark is obvious on veins 3 and 4, and in the submedian interspace
the line is emphasized by a brown shading on both sides. Fringes long, gray, cut
with smoky, with a blackish interline and a blackish line at base. There is an ob-
scure median dusky line, defined only below the median vein. Claviform concolor-
ous, broad, extending half way across median space, incompletely outlined, connected
by a blackish double shade with the t. p. line. Orbicular narrow, oblong, oblique,
of the palest ground color, outlined in black or smoky. Reniform large, kidney-
shaped, gray, inner portion outlined by black or gray scales, outer obscure, diffuse.
Secondaries soiled whitish, with a smoky line at base of fringes, an extramedian
smoky line and a dark discal lunule : the tendency is to a darkening between the extra-
median line and the outer margin. Beneath powdery, with a blackish extra-median
line and discal spot on all wings: primaries smoky gray; secondaries whitish.
Expands 1.08-1.36 inches := 27-34 mm.

Habitat : Pullman, Washington, October 14 and 26.

Three males and one female received from Prof. C. V. Piper, none
of them in good condition and the smallest example — the female —
probably undersized. The species is congeneric with cinerea which I
have from the same locality, but it lacks all contrasts and is altogether

March. 1903. J Smith: New Noctuid.i-: for 1903. 3

more obscure and sordid as well as smaller in size. There is also a
difference in the details of maculation which can be better brought
out by comparing the descriptions. The tendency in this species is
to an obsolescence of the maculation and in one example it is trace-
able with difficulty only.
Rhynchagrotis niger, sp. nov.

(Jround color dull blackish with a purplish tinge, all the maculation obscure
except for the velvety black filling in cell before and between the ordinary spots.
I lead and thorax concolorous, collar with a more or less obvious transverse line or
shade of yellowish scales, centrally. Thoracic anterior and posterior divided tufting
prominent, the scales a little gray-tipped. Primaries almost even in color, the costal
region scarcely paler. Basal line geminate, velvety black. T. a. line geminate,
included space a little paler, inner line obscure; outer line black, narrow, outcurved
in the interspaces, as a whole a little outwardly oblique. T. p. line geminate, both
lines even, obscure, feebly sinuate, the included space a little paler. S. t. line
vaguely indicated at costa, else practically not traceable. No terminal spots. Clav-
iform vaguely indicated on one example. Orbicular V-shaped, concolorous, open to
the costa, elsewhere bordered by black. Reniform moderate, kidney-shaped, con-
colorous, incompletely defined by pale scales except anteriorly where it touches the
black filling of the cell. Secondaries smoky fuscous, hardly paler at base, fringes
yellowish with a smoky interline ; a vague discal lunule. Beneath blackish or smoky,
paler and more powdery along the costa, both wings with a blackish outer line, sec-
ondaries with a discal lunule. Expands 1. 28-1.40 inches := 32-35 mm.

Habitat: Pullman, Washington, May 27; Moscow, Idaho, May
14, Prof. C V. Piper.

Three female specimens in fair condition. The species resembles a
small black /<:vv//<7//V, or an emarginata, in which the pale outlines to
the ordinary spots had disappeared and the black filling of the cell had
been added. The course of the lines is different, however; there is
no basal black mark or streak and the costal region is not in the least
discolored. The specimens came with a series o( forma lis and emar-
ginata and were at once easily recognizable as different.

Rhynchagrotis meta, sp. nov.

Ground color of head and thorax a somewhat rusty red, collar with or without
transverse black scale lines. Primaries leaden gray with a vinous red suftusion,
which predominates through the center of the median space, over the course of
the s. t. line and on the fringes. Basal space to t. a. line mostly gray except
along internal margin. Basal line geminate, black or brown, inner line complete,
outer broken. T. a. line geminate, inner line not contrasting, outer line black or
brown, as a whole outwardly complete, quite even and only a little outcurved in the
interspaces. T. p. line geminate, rather evenly outcurved over the cell, very feebly
incurved below; outer line obscure, inner line even or nearly so, brown or smoky.
S. t. line a series of yellowish scale dots over which is a somewhat diffuse red shade

4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

band. There is a series of vinous red terminal lunules at the base of the fringes
which are of the same color. No claviform is obvious in any specimen before me.
Orbicular V-shaped, open to the costa, concolorous with the gray shading of the wing
and defined only by the slight contrast between this and the vinous red shading below
it. . Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, gray, defined in part only by the red-
dish shade which borders it more or fess. Secondaries smoky, with a yellowish tinge
toward base, fringes whitish, with a smoky interline. Beneath reddish-gray, pow-
dery ; primaries with disc smoky and with a more or less complete outer line ; sec-
ondaries with a wavy extramedian line and a small discal spot. Expands I.20-I.36
inches = 30-34 mm.

Habitat : San Francisco County, California ; Pullman, Washing-
ton, June 10, Experiment Station No. 295.

Three females in good condition. The California example has
been in my collection for a long time and was looked upon as a suf-
fused form until the specimens received from Prof. C. V, Piper made
it certain that there is a good species. It has the wing form oi placida
and a casual resemblance to that variable species ; but the open orbic-
ular separates the new form at once and, among its associates in this
character, I know of none with which it can be readily confused.

As between the specimens, that from California is the largest and
has the least contrasts ; not a black scale is on the primaries and the
gray has a reddish tinge throughout.

Abagrotis ornatus, sp. nov.

Ground color creamy gray, varying to darker more smoky gray, the markings
clearly written, ordinary spots contrasting, discolored. Head and thorax concolorous ;
palpi deep chestnut brown on the sides. Primaries with all the markings present.
Basal line geminate, blackish, powdery, its parts widely separated. T. a. line gemi-
nate, the inner portion vague and broken, the outer distinct, black, not sharply de-
fined ; as a whole outwardly oblique, a little outcurvcd in the interspaces, a longer
inward tooth on the submedian vein. T. p. line geminate on the costa, the outer line
narrow, powdery, even over the subcostal, thence reduced to dark venular points,
luner line blackish, powdery, narrow, crenulate : as a whole little outcurved over the
cell and then a very little incurved to the inner margin. S. t. line pale, slightly sinu-
ate, preceded and emphasized by a narrow, blackish shade, the terminal space a little
paler. A broken black terminal line, which may be reduced to a series of venular
dots. Fringes with a slightly paler line at base and narrowly cut with the same
shade. Claviform wanting. Orbicular oval, oblique, narrowly black ringed, defin-
ing a pale annulus, within which the spot is solidly and evenly filled with rusty
brown. Reniform upright, rather narrow, only a little kidney-shaped, incompletely
outlined by black scales which border a pale annulus : within this the center is brown-
filled and a black powdering around the margins emphasize the distinctness of the
spot. Secondaries smoky, paler basally, fringes pale with a reddish tinge ; a blackish
discal lunule apparent. Beneath reddish, powdery, with an incomplete exterior line ;

March, 1903.] SmITH : NeW NoCTU1D.« FOR 1903. 5

primaries with a darker disc and a diffuse discal blotch; secondaries with a small,
rather well-defined discal lunule. Expands i. 32-1. 44 inches ^=33-36 mm.

Habitat : Kaslo, British Columbia, J. W. Cockle ; Idaho, C. V.
Piper.

Three female specimens, one of them in excellent condition, the
others somewhat rubbed and broken. The Idaho specimen is darker
throughout, but does not differ otherwise from the Kaslo examples.

In the absence of the male the reference to Almgrotis is somewhat
uncertain. I am assuming that the $ will be found to have serrated
and bristle-tufted antennae because the species resembles ermtica in
general appearance and type of maculation more than it does any
species o{ Rhynchagrotis. To the latter genus the species must be re-
ferred should the $ antennre prove to be simple.
Eueretagrotis inattenta, sp. nov.

(iround color an even, smoky, purplish-brown. Head and lower half of collar
deep mahogany brown, velvety. Thorax else concolorous. Primaries very smooth
and even, the maculation poorly defined, no contrasts except the quadrate velvety
black patch between the ordinary spots and the small, triangular spot before the
orbicular. Basal line geminate, marked across the costal region only. A diffuse
blackish streak from base, below the median vein, almost to the t. a. line. T. a. line
geminate, obscurely marked, outcurved in the interspaces and a little outcurved as a
whole. T. p. line geminate, included space a littler lighter than the ground, inner
line feebly lunulated, outer line even, best marked by the slightly deeper s. t. space ;
as a whole nearly parallel with the outer margin. S. t. line pale, more or less broken,
a little irregular, on the whole very nearly parallel with the t. p. line. Claviform
small, concolorous, incompletely outlined. Orbicular large, concolorous or a little
paler, slightly ovate, open above and elsewhere defined only by the black shading.
Reniform large, kidney-shaped, concolorous or a little paler, usually outlined by some-
what darker scales, sometimes also by a few of yellowish tinge. A series of very
small, blackish terminal lunules. Secondaries smoky gray, almost even, with a faint
yellowish tinge basally and on fringes, and a darker terminal line. Beneath, primaries
smoky, more or less powdery, with an incomplete outer line and a vague discal spot.
Secondaries paler, more grayish, powdery on the costal region, with an outer smoky
line and a smoky discal lunule. Expands 1.32-1.52 inches -= 33-3S mm.

Habitat : Calgary, Alberta, Head of Pine Creek, July 10-14, F.
H. Wolley Dod; Pullman, Washington, June 9, Exper. Station No.
320, C. V. Piper.

Four males in good condition are now at hand, f Heretofore I
have considered this as a form of the eastern perattenta and have so
named specimens for Mr. Dod. Perattenta occurs at Cartwright,
Manitoba, and as it is there somewhat less mottled than the normal
Atlantic coast type I considered the Calgary specimens as larger, more

6 Journal New York Entomolocjical Society. [Voi. xi.

even examples. The receipt of an example from Professor Piper
which was yet larger, darker and more even in color, induced me to
reexamine the series and to dissect out the genitalia. The new species
is uniformly larger, darker and even in color, without mottling and
with the terminal space not lighter than the ground, though in one
case somewhat lighter than the s. t. spaces.

Carneades masculinus, sp. nov.

Ground color a dull leather brown, lighter or darker, with smoky or blackish
shadings. Head ranges from brown to purplish-gray, with a darker line across the
front. Collar light brown or gray inferiorly, to a transverse black line which is more
or less obviously bordered on both sides by white scales : upper part of collar con-
colorous with thorax, sometimes tipped with brown. Thoracic disc ranges from
brown to purplish-black, the edges of the patagice sometimes relieved by white scales.
Primaries with costal region, to the t. p. line yellowish, grayish or whitish, always
contrasting with the rest of the wing ; median vein white to the end of the cell.
Basal line barely indicated by geminate dots on costa. T. a. line indicated in the
same way, and, in some examples, by a slightly paler line in the submedian inter-
space. T. p. line defined only by the difference in shade between the darker median
space, and the lighter s. t. space ; as a whole evenly outcurved over the cell
and almost evenly oblique below. S. t. line very irregular, defined only by the
contrasting darker terminal space and by a series of 3 or 4 preceding, more
or less sagittate marks : the terminal space completely cut by pale rays on veins
3 and 4. A blackish terminal line and a pale line at the base of the fringes,
which are of the darkest wing color. A black shade line from base through
submedian interspace carries the narrow, black-filled claviform. Orbicular round,
small or moderate in size, black-ringed, annulate within this ring by whitish
scales, the center brown ; occasionally the upper margin of the spot is cut by the
pale costal area. Reniform moderate, kidney-shaped, margined by black scales
within which is a whitish annulus : center brown. The cell before and between the
spots is black or blackish. The internal margin is of the brown or lighter ground
and, above this, the median space is dark to the median vein, cut only by the paler
shade accompanying vein 2 ; but the amount of contrast between the shades varies.
Secondaries of the male white or whitish ; the veins, a discal lunule, a terminal line
and the apical area a little smoky. Beneath, primaries gray, powdery, with a
poorly marked incomplete extra-median line and discal spot : secondaries whitish,
powdery along the costa, with a dark terminal line and discal spot. Expands
1. 20-1. 44 inches = 30-36 mm.

Habitat: Silverbow Co., Montana, 5,800 feet, August 28, R.
A. Cooley ; Yakima, Washington, C. V. Piper; southern Utah, April
1-15, Poling.

Seven examples, all males, and four of them decidedly ragged.
The species is stout, comparatively short-winged, with proportion-
ately very heavy thorax, and belongs in a general way with furtivus

March, 1903.] SmIIH: NeW XoCTUID.l. FOR I903. 7

or idahoensis ; differing from these in the pale rays crossing the s. t.
line, and from the other species in the strong costal contrast accom-
panied by the obscuring of the transverse maculation. There is quite
a variation in color, but the specific habitus is so well marked that this
is not confusing.
Carneades focinus, sp. nov.

(irouiul color aslien gray, varying somewhat in tint, but never very dark. Head
concolorous or paler, sometimes rusty brown, with or without a black line below the
antenna". Collar with a blackish transverse line across the middle, above which fol-
low a pale gray and a paler band at tip ; and below which the color is usually more
or less rusty, often forming a pale spot at the base of the primaries. Thoracic tuft-
ings often gray-tipped, and sometimes the center of disc may be gray. Primaries
with all the maculation present, well defined, the ordinary spots large and a little
contrasting. At base and through lower half of wing generally, the gray shade pre-
dominates : through the cell and in the upper half of w-ing a brown shade obtains
which may change to blackish between the ordinary spots. The terminal space is
the darkest portion of the wing. ]5asal line geminate, black, a little bent on the sub-
costal, sometimes a little shaded outwardly so as to give the appearance of a basal
dash. T. a. line geminate, blackish, a little outcurved in the interspaces, as a whole
somewhat oblique outwardly. T. p. line geminate, smoky, the outer portion equal,
the inner lunulate or even crenulate, as a whole well removed from the base, broadly
outcurved and rather even below that. S. t. line pale, irregular, preceded by sagit-
tate black spots and else marked by the dark terminal space. A median shade runs
oblicjuely between the ordinary spots, darkening the reniform and then running close
to t. p. line. There is a series of black terminal lunules, and the fringes are inter-
lined with smoky. The claviform is spiall, concolorous, smoky ringed. Orbicular
large, oval, oblique, margined in blackish, gray-filled, sometimes not closed supe-
riorly. Reniform large, kidney shaped, gray, the lateral margins marked with yel-
lowish scales, the upper and lower margins sometimes obscured. Secondaries pale
yellowish, becoming smoky outwardly to the whitish fringes : darker in the female.
Beneath whitish, powdery, disk of primaries tending to smoky and in the female,
more or less completely smoky. On both wings an outer dark line, and on secon-
daries a small, dark, discal spot. Expands I.24-1.48 inches = 31-37 mm.

Habitat : Calgary, Canada ; Pullman, Washington ; Glen wood
Springs, Colorado ; Truckee and Sierra Nevada, California : June,
July and August.

This is a common species represented in my collection by good
series of both sexes. It is the species that 1 have mistaken for fri-
abilis in collections and have so named for correspondents. A re-
examination of the type oi friabilis in the British Museum made it
clear that this form would have to receive a new name. It is an ally
of tessellata but grayer and narrower winged, with larger ordinary
spots.

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo\. xi.

Hadena (Xylophasia) albiserrata, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries blackish over smoky, with sparse gray powderings,
giving the insect a rough appearance. Head with a black line across the front ; collar
with a black line across the middle. Thoracic tuftings distinct, tipped with gray.
Abdominal tuftings prominent. Primaries with all the maculation obscured, no con-
trasts save in the large, white powdered reniform and in the sharply defined white den--
tate s. t. line, in which an obvious \V is marked on veins 3 and 4. Basal line marked
by black scales and a gray included space. T. a. line practically lost in one example-,
traceable in the other ; upright or nearly so, a little irregular, black, preceded by
white scales. T. p. line strongly outcurved over the cell, obliquely incurved belowr
grayish with a scarcely defined preceding line to the middle of the wing below the
reniform, then better marked, with a vague grayish cloud in the submedian interspace.
S. t. line as described, margined by black interspaceal dashes. A series of black
terminal lunules. A very narrow whitish line at the base of the fringes, which are
narrowly cut with white on the veins. Claviform indicated by black scales and a gray
shade, followed by a blackish shade to the t. p. line, connecting the median lines in
the submedian interspace. Orbicular oval, oblique, gray, with smoky center, not
sharply outlined. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, gray-powdered, with a smoky
filling in which is a white lunule. Secondaries whitish, powdery in the male ; smoky,
powdery in the female ; with a black terminal line, a darker outer shade and a discal
lunule in each case. Beneath, ashen gray, powdery, with an extra-median and sub-
terminal whitish shading and a dark discal spot. Expands I.64-I.76 inches = 41-44
mm.

Habitat: Pullman, Washington, Sept. 19; Exper. Sta. No. 639;
C. V. Piper.

One, somewhat ragged male, and one good female, from Professor
Piper. The male is the smaller, a little the better marked and has
whitish secondaries. The female is very obscure and looks powdery,
blackish, the white s. t. line only standing out in bold relief. The
relation is to H. versuta and the series in which there is a small W in
the s. t. line.
Hadena (Xylophasia) alberta, sp. nov.

Cjround color dark, smoky red brown, varying in tint and appearing like a
smoky suffusion over a red-brown base. All the maculation is obscure, not contrast-
ing, a variable bluish-gray powdering on the veins and along the course of the median
lines. Basal line traceable, geminate, broken, extending to a short, slender, black
basal streak. T. a. line geminate, broken, irregular, as a whole outcurved, rarely
traceable for its entire course. T. p. line geminate, outer line obscure and even,
inner line narrow, black, lunulate, broadly outcurved over the cell and rather evenly
oblique to inner margin. In one example the included space is continuously bluish,
in one there is no blue at all and the other three are intermediates. S. t. line broken,
consisting of vague paler spots accompanied by darker shadings and forming in most
examples a traceable W; it may be almost entirely wantiog- A series of small black
terminal lunules at the base of the slightly scalloped fringes. Claviform traceable,

March, 1903.] SmITH : NeW NoCTUID.K FOR I903. 9

concolorous, outlined in black, extending half way or more across the median space ;
very obscure in dark examples. Orbicular small, oblong, oblique, slightly paler than
ground, completely outlined in dark smoky. Reniform moderate, upright, kidney-
shaped, obscurely defined, a little paler outwardly at and above the middle, somewhat
darker inferiorly. Secondaries smoky fuscous, fringe and base a little paler ; a dusky
discal lunule traceable. Beneath smoky, powdery and with a reddish tinge along the
costa ; both wings with a smoky extra-median line and secondaries with a blackish
discal spot. Expands 1. 44-1. 64 inches =36-41 mm.

Habitat : Calgary, Alberta, June 24 to July 7.

Three male and two female examples, of which two male and one
female were received from Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod under the number
T^T, (head of Fish Creek) and one male and one female are from Dr.
Wm. Barnes.

The species is allied to ciuefacta, but is very dark and the macula-
tion is not easily made out in some specimens. The abdominal tuft-
ings are obvious, though not prominent, the male antennae are thick-
ened and obviously ciliated.

Hadena(Xylophasia) parcata, sp. nov.

Ground color dull luteous with a smoky suffusion, the maculation obscure. Me-
dian lines marked by smoky, geminate dots on costa, then continued as bluish, pow-
dery lines, hardly defined by localized darker scales. Basal line traceable. A very
fine blackish basal streak. T. a. line as a whole outwardly oblique to the submedian
vein, then rather abruptly bent inward. T. p. line evenly outcurved over reniform
and evenly oblique below it. S. t. line marked by a more leaden gray tint in the
terminal space, broken to relieve a W-mark which, though vague, is yet the most
obvious feature of the line. Pringes a little scalloped, cut with pale on the veins.
A rather broad, diffuse median shade is traceable between the ordinary spots, dark-
ening the lower half of the reniform and inwardly bent below it. Orbicular barely
traceable, oblong, oblique. Reniform moderate, kidney-shaped, indetined, a little
paler outwardly. Claviform vaguely indicated. Secondaries pale smoky, lighter at
base, fringes whitish, a vague, dusky discal spot. Beneath powdery gray, disc of
primaries a little darker, a common extra-median line and discal spot : the spot and
line much more obscure on the primaries. Expands i. 44-1. 52 inches =1: 36-38 mm.

Habitat : Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.

One male and one female from Dr. William Barnes. Despite the
apparent differences it is not impossible that this may be a race of
alberta. I placed it as such, at first ; but the differences were so well
defined and the total impression was so distinctive that I concluded
to separate the two. The scheme of maculation is similar; but this
species is much lighter in color, with narrower primaries, better de-
fined and more characteristic W-mark, and an obvious median shade.

10 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Oncocnemis aurea Grt.

This was described as a Pseudanaita by Mr. Grote and was un-
known to me when I wrote my revision of Pseudanarta in 1889. I
saw the type in the British Museum in 1891, and in my Catalogue
(1893) I note that the species has armed anterior tibiae; but I con-
sidered it rather Heliothid than otherwise from the examination then
made. A more careful study of the type was made in 1900 and, on
my return, I identified the species in my box of Oncocnemis — where
it belongs. Six exam-ples are before me at present, five of them from
various lexan localities, one from Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7,000
feet alt., and there is on the whole a close resemblance between
them. One specimen from Shovel Mountain, Texas, is larger than
the others and the outer half of the wing is gray, quite sharply defined
from the basal dark portion ; but a tendency to this is noticed in a
form from San Antonio, and is probably within the range of variation.
Oncocnemis nigerrima, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries black or smoky over a gray base. On the head and
thorax gray scales intermingle with the black, and the collar is narrowly gray-tipped
over a blackish line. There is a black line between the antenna; and a paler line
across the middle of the collar. Basal line of primaries indicated by black scales on
the subcostal vein. T. a. line single, black, outcurved, a little irregular, preceded
by a shading of gray scales. T. p. line single, evenly curved over the cell and as
deeply incurved below it ; a shading of gray scales on both sides giving a slight re-
lief. S. t. line gray, broad, linear in the costal region, else diffuse, irregular, pre-
ceded by black lines in the interspaces. A black terminal line. Fringes long, gray-
ish at base, interlined with smoky and cut with smoky beyond the interline. Clavi-
form concolorous, outlined by separate black scales ; short and broad. Orbicular
small, round, gray with a smoky center, outlined by black scales. Reniform large,
broadly oval, oblique, defined by a white ring, the center smoky brown. Secon-
daries deep orange, with a broad black border which extends also along the costa.
Beneath, primaries black, with the reniform white. Secondaries as above. Ex-
pands .75 inch =: 19 mm.

Habitat : Yuma County, Arizona, in July.

One good male from Mr. Geo. S. Hutson, taken in the desert
area. The resemblance is to aurea Grt., than which the new form is
smaller, blacker, with better defined markings, orbicular, clearly de-
fined and the secondaries more deeply colored. The well-defined s.
t. line which is lacking in aurea and the well-defined white-ringed
reniform are the most striking characters of this species. Corrusca,
which belongs to this same little group, is larger than either aurea or
fiigerrima and does not have the costal area of secondaries black.

March, 1903.] SmI'IH: XeW NOCTUIlJ.t: FOR I903, 11

Oncocnemis euta, sj). nov.

Ground color of head, thorax and primaries a pale chocolate brown. Head and
thorax concolorous, the vestiture scaly and in the specimens disarranged. Primaries
with all the maculation obscure, an oblique indelined paler shading through the
outer third of the wing relieving it from absolute uniformity. The basal and median
lines and the median shade are marked on the costa by spots or darker shades and
occasional black scales on the veins ; but no course can be made out. S. t. line
vaguely traceable as a zigzag pale line, emphasized here and there by obscure blackish
marks. A narrow blackish line at the base of the long fringes, which are cut on the
outer edge with darker brown. There is a very narrow, broken line from base, at the
end of which a claviform is indicated by black scales. Orbicular small, round, con-
colorous, outlined by black scales which incompletely define a slightly paler ring.
Reniform small, lunate, outlined and annulate in the same way. Secondaries yellow,
with a broad black margin taking up the outer third of the wing. Fringes yellowish
or brown. Beneath, both wings yellow with a broad marginal band, brown on the
primaries, black on the secondaries. Expands .88-1.00 inch 22-25 "^°^-

Habitat: Utah."

Two female specimens in good condition save that the thoracic
vestitute is disarranged and partly lost. The resemblance is to mirifi-
calis, but this is a smaller species, with lighter primaries on which the
maculation is barely traceable. Unfortunately I ha\e no better data
as to locality than above given, and none as to date or the collector of
the specimens.
Oncocnemis chorda Grt.

This was described as an Homohadena and, when I revised that
genus in 1890, I had, apparently, a specimen from the Edwards col-
lection before me. Whether that specimen was imperfect or whether
I simply accepted the generic reference as correct, I cannot say now ;
but in I goo the type in the British Museum seemed familiar, and on
examination I recognized it as my Oncocnemis refecta. The type
shows the generic characters clearly and my examples came from the
type locality ; resembling the original specimen much more nearly
than does the Edwards specimen, which is from Sierra Nevada.
Oncocnemis rosea, sp. nov..

tiround color yellowish-gray. Head and thorax with a rosy red suft'usion which
fades out in old specimens and leaves the pale luteous ground with an odd discolora-
tion that is recognizable when a fresh specimen comes to hand. Head with a dusky
line across the front. Primaries with a rosy tinge in the basal space which changes
beyond the t. a. line to a gray which, in the s. t. space becomes blackish or smoky
and darkens the outer portion of the wing. Basal line single, blackish-brown, nar-
row, well-marked. T. a. line single, broad, a little diffuse, velvety blackish-brown,
a little outcurved. T. p. line lunulate, single, blackish on costa, else smoky, slender,

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

followed by a narrow pale shading, rather abruptly bent over the cell, then evenly
oblique to the inner margin. S. t. line pale, irregular, broken, almost punctiform.
Median shade marked by a black spot on the costa, thence oblique between the ordi-
nary spots almost to the t. p. line ; then parallel with this line and close to it to the
inner margin ; nowhere well-marked except on the costa. The outer margin is
.slightly scalloped and emphasized by a narrow, dark, terminal line, followed by a
narrow pale line at the base of the fringes. The latter have a dusky interline and
are incompletely cut opposite the interspaces. Claviform wanting. Orbicular round,
rather large in size, paler than the ground, not defined. Reniform moderate in size,
broad, upright, paler than the ground, not outlined and incompletely defined. Sec-
ondaries whitish, somewhat translucent, with a broad smoky outer border. A pale
yellow, followed by a smoky line at the base of the fringes. Beneath whitish, smoky
toward the outer margin, the maculation of the upper side faintly reproduced. Breast
and base of legs with a pinkish tinge, the tarsi pale ringed. Expands 1. 20 inches
= 30 mm.

Habitat : Colorado desert, Hy. Edwards ; southern Arizona, April
1-15, Poling.

Two males : one is an old specimen given me many years ago by
the late Henry Edwards. I recognized it as distinct from the de-
scribed species, but realized also that it must be a discolored example ;
so I held it until I received recently from Dr. Barnes a fresh male
which belongs obviously to the same species. The rosy flush over the
thorax and basal space, and the broad, velvety, somewhat diffuse t. a.
line serve to differentiate the species at once. It is allied to refecta
in the simplicity of the basal line.
Oncocnemis simplicia, sp. nov.

Primaries dull luteous gray, powdery and obscurely strigate so as to give a sordid
confused appearance. Head deep chestnut brown. Basal line single, black, oblique,
connected with the t. a. line by a narrow blackish streak. T. a. line single, black,
broad, oblique. T. p. line marked by a smoky costal spot over the reniform, then
almost lost as it bends over the cell ; reappearing below vein two as a single black
line, a little incurved and forming a slight outward dent on vein I. S. t. line a vague,
irregular palershading, and thereisa seriesof black venular dots on the slightlyscalloped
outer margin. Orbicular concolorous, oval, decumbent, narrowly pale ringed. Reni-
form narrow, almost lunate, pale ringed, the annulus edged with somewhat darker
scales ; center a little darker than ground. Secondaries translucent, white with a
slight yellowish tinge, tending to smoky at the margin. Beneath yellowish-white,
powdery along the costa and apically, both wings with a broken outer line ; primaries
with a small discal spot. Expands 1.28 inches := 32 mm.

Habitat : Colorado desert.

One male in fair condition. This is another of those specimens
that has rested, undescribed, in my collection for many years, await-
ing a companion of the other sex. I suspected a possible connection

March, 1903.] SmITH: NkW NoCTUID.E FOR I903. 18

between this form and th^ one just described as rosea ; but the occur-
rence of another example of the latter makes it safe to separate this as
a good s})ecies. The very simple maculation should make it a recog-
nizable form ; but there is a possibility that the ground is somewhat
discolored and more yellowish than a fresh specimen would be. ,

General Notes on Mamestra.

In my revision of the species oi Mamestra, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XIV, 197-276, I listed 89 species, of which 76 were autopically known
to me. Of those that were then unknown I have since recognized
sutrina, vithda and dimmockii. Condita has been referred to the Agro-
tid series. Strigicoilis has been referred as a synonym to laudabilis.
Expiilsa Wlk. is a synonym of Carneades insujsa ; septentrionalis
Wlk. is Carneades messoria ; punctii^era WW. is an earlier name for
Carneades pastoralis Grt. ; z'^/wjA? Wlk. is also a Carneades ; ohliviosa
Wlk. is Xylophasia lateritia or something closely allied ; and asso-
cians Wlk. is the Noctua liibricans of Guenee. Ferrealis Grt. and
impolita Morr. yet remain unknown to me. I have again compared
all my material carefully and find nothing to lit to either description.

On a renewed examination of the species in the British Museum,
made in 1900, I again looked over the type of Maviestra cristifera
Wlk., and concluded that Mr. Grote was right in declining to accept
the reference of his lubefis as a synonym to Walker's species. The
lack of the brighter colorings which I had believed to be due to fading
or to local variation now seems normal, with larger material, and the
species is really nearer to my invalida than to lubens. I do not care
to make this reference positively, however, because I have no ma-
terial from the Hudson Bay faunal region and, with my present in-
formation concerning this fauna, I do not consider a good species at
all improbable. At all events lubens Grt. is not cristifera Wlk.

In the Biologia Centrali Americana Mamestra configurata ^Vlk.
is figured on PI. XXVI of the Heterocera, Fig. 20. I noted that
this was a very close ally of Barathra occidentata Grt., but delayed
making the reference until I could examine the type. This was done
later and 1 have no doubt that the two names refer to the same spe-
cies. Walker's species was described from Doubleday's Mexican ma-
terial in 1856, Cat. Brit. Mus. Het. , IX, 234, and the generic char-
acters are obvious. Mr. Grote's material came from New Mexico, not
so far removed in faunal character.

14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

Of the other species referred by me as \ds\eX.\es, Ja ncifiiacii/a is a
good species and so is comis, which I referred to as a synonym of oli-
vacea. This latter correction I made in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,
XXVII, 230, and would not think it necessary to repeat it here ex-
cept for the fact that in Dr. Dyar's catalogue the species is again
referred as a form of olivacea ; and practically every form separated in
my recent review of the species allied to olivacea appears as a syn-
onym without explanation or comment. It goes without saying that
I do not accept this reference, and prefer to regard the species as listed
in the paper above referred to.

Aside from the forms allied to olivacea I have described since the
revision 27 species, Mr. Strecker has described four, and one addi-
tional species is presented here. This gives altogether a series of 116
species, and the end is not yet.

JMamestra purpurissafa, M. juncimaciila and M. niigatis form a little
group of allied yet perfectly distinct species, the male genitalia of
which are shown at PI. I, Figs, i, 2 and 3. The figure representing
purpurissata is redrawn from an eastern specimen, because Fig. 6 in
my revision of Mamestra, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, PI. VIII,
really re\)rt?,&xi\.s jKnci/nacula and not purpurissata as stated. The fact
s that both species may have the ordinary spots either fused or sepa-
rated, though the fusing is rare \^ purpurissata, while it is not uncom-
mon in junci macula. Of the five examples of the latter species now
before me two have fused spots, while of the eight examples of the
former only one shows any appearance of a union. Comparing the
two series, purpurissata has dark secondaries in both sexes, the pri-
maries broad, with the median lines fairly obvious. In juncimacula
the secondaries are whitish in both sexes, with smoky outer bordering :
the primaries are narrower, have a more pointed apex, the outer mar-
gin is much more oblique, the hind angle distinctly retracted and the
median lines are practically lost. It is altogether a brighter species
and the s. t. line has the W-mark sharply cut to the outer margin.

Nuf!;atis is smaller than either of the others and has entirely white
secondaries. The primaries are more \\\iG juncimacula, but strigate in
appearance with the transverse maculation practically all lost. The
tendency here is also to a union of the ordinary spots ; but whereas,
in the larger forms the line of connection extends inferiorly on the
median vein, in nu^^atis it is central and through the cell itself.

Another series of allies is Mamestra discalis, nimbosa, imbrifera,

March, 1903.] SmITH : NeW NocTUID.E FOR I903. 15

rogenhoferi and iiiysfica : the latter being the only one not figured in
my revision of 1891. The genitalia are shown here at PI. I, Fig. 4,
and while they show a distinct agreement in type, also prove them-
selves different from any other species. Though the superficial resem-
blance to nimhosa is close, the genitalic resemblance is nearer to
imbrifera, while from both the new form differs in lacking the small
accessory clasper with spoon-shaped tip.

Alamestra gussata, M. segregata and M. plicata prove to be more
nearly related than I had supposed, judging from superficial characters
only. A comparison of Figs. 6, 7 and 8 will show that all three have
genitalia of the same general type; the differences, such as appear,
being in part due to the difference in the arrangement of the double
claspers on the slide. But, curiously enough, while gussata2iX\^ segre-
gata are most nearly alike superficially, the genitalia are most dis-
similar, while plicata, which looks obviously different from either,
has a close genitalic resemblance io segregata. All the species have
the antennae serrated and bristle-tufted in the male, and agree in
general type of maculation. Plicata is the largest species, very even
in color, the markings neatly defined, no obvious median shade and
no black about or between the ordinary spots. Gussata is smaller,
broader-winged, with a grayish powdering over the brown base.
There is a more or less obvious dusky median shade, the maculation
is more broken and irregularly defined, a darker, brown shade tends
to connect the claviform to the t. p. line and the cell becomes darker
about the obscurely defined ordinary spots. In segregaia- we have a
more boldly defined form, the median lines well marLed, connected
by a black bar over the claviform, a variably defined though not
prominent W in the s. t. line, and the cell before and between the
ordinary spots black. All things considered, the species are fairly
well separated though closely allied and obviously descendants from
the same stock.

Another member of this series is negussa in which the maculation
consists of narrow gray lines in a grayish-brown base. The genitalia
are practically like those of gussata, and with a sufficient series at hand,
it is probable that the two will be found to be forms of one species.
For the present this maybe held as a hoary-gray type without obvious
contrasts.

In its superficial characters and in the general type of maculation,
Mamestra ticEvia resembles gussata and belongs to the same general

16 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xl

series ; but the genitalic structures of the male are totally different.
They are shown on PI. I, Fig. 12, and a comparison with Fig. 6
will at once show the differences between the two.

Mamesfra nmtilata was referred by me on superficial characters to
cufieafa and sutrina : unfortunately, while the example was a good
one I failed to get out the genitalia in good shape. What I obtained
is shown at PI. I, Fig. 11, and while it is not much, it is sufficient to
show that it is not of the ameata type at all. The latter is shown at
PI. X, Fig. 59, of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV. Sutrina, which is
so nearly like ameata that it might be readily confused with it, has male
characters entirely different. Those of ameata have been already re-
ferred to ; those oi sutrina are figured in PI. I, Fig. 9.

The male genitalia of Mamestra intentata are shown at PL I, Fig.
10, and they are almost identically like those pictured for M. inairva
in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, PI. XI, Fig. 54. Yet, superficially
there is little resemblance between the two. Incurva is a clean-cut
ashen gray species with smooth vestiture and well-defined maculation,
the primaries rather narrow and short. Intentata, on the contrary, is a
powdery fuscous gray, the maculation all diffuse, hoary, the vestiture
rough. It is also decidedly larger and the primaries are broader,
more trigonate, the apices much better marked. A closer relative
superficially is found in M. leucogramnia, which has similar harpes,
but altogether different claspers (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, PL
VIII, Fig. 7).

Maniesira ingravis has no close allies in superficial appearance,
and this is indicated also in the genital characters. PL I, Fig. 5,
illustrates a very distinctive structure which has no close parallel to
any other species figured by me.

Mamestra cervina resembles a small litstralis and the genitalia bear
out the relationship so indicated. Cervina is here figured on PL I,
Fig. 13 and lustralis was pictured in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV,
PL VIII, Fig. II. The resemblance in type is obvious; but the
difference in detail is equally great. Perhaps the greatest exists in the
presence of the small accessory clasper in cervina, no appearance of
which was seen in lustralis.

Mamestra neoterica looks like a small detracta with some minor
differences in type of maculation. When the genitalia of the males
are compared, these differences are enormously increased, though
there is no change in type. The shape of the harpes differs, not only

March, 1903.] SmITH : New NOCTIID.K FuR I903. 17

in general but in the termination, which is long drawn out in detracta
and rather short and abruptly terminated in ncoierica. In the latter
the clasper is a simple, curved, corneous hook, while in the former it
is a peculiar spatulate process with a slender, acute tip. Dctracta is
figured in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, PI. IX, Fig. 12, and the cor-
responding parts of neoterica are shown PI. I, Fig. 14.
Mamestra lunolacta, sp. nov.

Ground color of head, thorax and primaries smoky fuscous, black powdered, and
with an admixture of whitish or greenish scales that may, at times, give the insect a
mossy appearance. Head with an admixture of gray scales. Collar with a feebly
marked light median line and a blackish line below the gray tip. Thoracic vestiture
defective in my specimens. Primaries with all the markings present, not contrasting
except that the reniform is prominently white-ringed, and there is a large, lunate
creamy white patch in the s. t. space just above vein i. Basal line geminate, black,
included space marked by creamy or mossy scales. T. a. line geminate, complete,
blackish, included space a little mossy, as a whole obliquely outcurved. T. p. line
geminate, inner line blackish, best marked in the submedian interspace, outer line
smoky, lost over the cell : as a whole, the line is rather evenly curved over the reni-
form and then runs evenly oblique to the inner margin. S. t. line white or whitish,
a little irregular, continuous, edged here and there by blackish scales or spots.
Fringes long, a series of whitish lunules at their base, a line of brownish intermediate
lunules, tips yellowish. Claviform small, incompletely outlined by black scales,
with mossy yellowish scales that extend inward toward base. Orbicular small, narrow,
oblique, outlined by black scales within which is a narrow paler line, else concolorous.
Reniform narrow, upright, oblong or feebly lunate, outlined by black scales within
which is a rather prominent white ring. Center concolorous. Secondaries smoky,
a little paler at base, fringes whitish with a broad smoky interline. Beneath, prima-
aries blackish smoky, with pale costal dots and pale lunules at the base of the fringes :
secondaries gray, powdery, with a smoky outer line, marginal shade and small discal
spot. Expands 1.08 inches - 27 mm.

Habitat: Idaho; Pullman, Washington, C. V. Piper.

Two females, both somewhat rubbed and with defective thoracic
vestiture. This is a somewhat obscure, powdery form that gives the
impression as though it might vary to mossy green at times. It is not
unlike alboguttata in type of maculation, without the contrasts that
inspired Mr. Grote's name, while it is characteristic in the large lunate
pale patch in the s. t. space, extending to the hind margin only by an
enlargement of the s. t. line. The s. t. space is a little paler, more
grayish powdered than the rest of the wing ; but not contrasting.
The species should be readily recognized as a member of the smaller,
stumpy-winged groups — olivacea or laudabilis ; but its nearest allies
cannot be determined until the male is at hand.

18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

General Notes on Scotogramma.
In my revision of some Taeniocampid genera (Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1889, XII, pp. 445-496) I recognized six species as belonging
to this genus. The group to which the generic term is applied is not
a very satisfactory one, including as it does forms in which the vesti-
ture is thin, hairy and divergent, and others in which it is scaly and
close. Yet the species have a habital resemblance, and the line be-
tween the two kinds of vestiture is not sharply defined. All of them
are obscurely marked and while in some respects the relationship seems
close, the resemblances are usually more apparent than real. Since
1889 eight species have been described by myself and one, described
in this paper, brings the total number up to fifteen. In 1889 the male
of stihmarina only was known and that was figured on PI. XXII, Fig.
17, of the paper cited. The males of seven additional species are
now at hand and figures of the genitalic characters are presented on
PI. I, Figs. 15 to 21. It will be noted that there are two rather
obvious types, one of which is composed of densa and ynegcera only.
Comparisons are best made from the figures, and while the forms are
very similar, the differences are sufiicient to hold the species. The
superficial differences are even greater and, in the series before me,
comprising both sexes of both species, there is not a trace of any inter-
gradation. Alegara is uniformly larger, with proportionately more
aniple wings and the color is altogether different. That they can be
varieties of one species does not seem credible to me. Yery much
the same type of genitalic structure is found in Mamestra variolata as
figured on PI. IX, Fig. 35, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIY, 1891,
though there is no resemblance between the insects themselves. In
siibmarina, on the other hand, which is superficially a close ally to
densa and megcei-a, the genitalic characters are totally different : indeed
they are unlike those of any other species of the genus. The other five
species here referred to agree in a general way, the harpes being oblong,
a little bent toward tip, the rounded lappet set with a series of spinules.
The corneous claspers are double, and in this character they are
Tteniocampid rather than Mamestrid. S. lutcola and iiiiiformi'; are
most nearly allied, but in the former the harpes are not only
relatively but absolutely smaller and broader, while the claspers differ
in proportion to each other and to the same structures in the other
species. Fhoca, discolor and infiiscata differ sufficiently to make a
reference to the genitalic characters unnecessary, though in each form

March, 1903.1 S.NflTH r NeW NocIUID.K FOR I903. 19

these are distinctive. I have other, yet undescribed species of this
genus, but prefer to hold them for better, more abundant material.

Scotogramma albinuda, sp. nov.

Ground color dark ashen gray, tending to smokj'. Head and thorax concolorous,
vestifure thin, loose, hairy, divergent. Primaries with the ordinary lines single,
smoky, diffuse, not contrasting. Hasal line very close to the root of the wing, in-
wardly bent on the subcostal. T. a. line upright as a whole, irregular, strongly out-
curved in the subniedian interspace. T. p. line lunulate, almost crenulate, broadly
outcurved over the cell, rather deeply incurved in the subniedian interspace. S. t.
line is indicated by a dark preceding shade which is obvious on the costa, but gradu-
ally lost toward the hind margin : a few paler scales may or may not emphasize this
line. A series of terminal dark lunules resembling a broken terminal line. Fringes
with a pale interline, very narrowly cut with white on the veins. A smoky median
shade is obvious on the costa, extending over and darkening the reniform, and it may
or may not be faintly traceable to the inner margin. Orbicular concolorous, barely
traceable, round, moderate in size. Reniform rather small, dark, broadly lunate
rather than kidney-shaped. Secondaries deep smoky brown, with an obvious dark
median shade, followed by a vague yellowish band, and a large blackish discal spot ;
fringes pale. Beneath whitish or smoky, powdery, with a common extra-median shade
band and a large discal spot ; primaries with an obvious s. t. shade band. Expands
1. 28-1. 32 inches 1- 32-33 mm.

Habitat: Rama, Labrador, 1900, A. Stecker, J. D. Sornborger.

Three females in fair condition from the Museum of Comparative
Zo51ogy, through the courtesy of Mr. Henshaw. The species is allied
to uniformis Sm., but is somewhat better marked throughout, the color
being also more ashen gray. The dusky shade band across the sec-
ondaries, followed by a diffuse pale shade is characteristic and readily
identifies the species.

Nephelodes tertialis, sp. nov.

Ground color rusty red-brown varying to purplish or toward a somewhat luteous
shading. Head and thorax concolorous, the former usually a little lighter than the
thorax. Antenna of $ well pectinated ; of 9 entirely simple. Primaries with fairly
distinct maculation, the median space darker than the rest of the wing and thus de-
fining the median lines which are not otherwise contrasting. Basal line wanting or
marked only by costal dots. T. a. line geminate, the inner line vague, included
space a little paler ; as a whole a little outwardly oblique and a very little outcurved
in the interspaces. T. p. line geminate, the outer line even, very little relieved, inner
line forming the sharp border of the dark median space, included space a little paler.
S. t. line very narrow, irregular, a little paler than ground, sometimes emphasized by
a somewhat darker preceding shade, sometimes almost obsolete. A narrow darker
line at the base of the fringes. Orbicular large, round, of the pale ground, without
defining line. Reniform large, somewhat kidney-shaped, of the pale ground, the
outer portion sometimes relieved by a few yellowish scales. Claviform very small and
only feebly defined. Secondaries smoky, yellowish at base, variable in tint, the

20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI.xl

fringes whitish with a rosy tinge. Beneath smoky with a rosy flush, powdery, disc
of primaries darker, with a more or less complete outer line and on secondaries a
small dusky lunule which may be altogether wanting. Expands 1. 32-1. 48 inches
=• 33-37 mm.

Habitat: Winnipeg, Manitoba, August 16-24, A. W. Hanham.

Eight examples, most of them in at least fair condition and only
one of them a female. The species resembles the eastern form in
general appearance and type of maculation ; but is decidedly smaller
throughout. The fringes are more even, with hardly a trace of scal-
loping, and there is no obvious median shade on the primaries. Add
to this a distinct difference in the genitalia of the male and the specific
separation proves inevitable. I have heretofore considered this as a
small form of the eastern species and have so named it for the north-
western collectors who have sent me material.
Anarta laerta, sp. nov.

Head and thorax black, clothed with smoky brown divergent hair and scales form-
ing, in good examples, a distinct collar and obvious patagia. Collar and patagia paler
tipped. Abdomen black. Primaries smoky brown, a little powdery, somewhat paler
in the discal cell. Median lines single, black, obvious but not prominent. Basal
line dentate on the veins, accompanied by a narrow, preceding paler shade. T. a.
line rather evenly outcurved and scarcely oblique. T. p. line denticulate on the
veins, hardly lunate, outwardly bent over the cell and not much incurved below the
reniform. S. t. line pale, continuous or broken, preceded by obscure spots and shad-
ings, the terminal space darkenirtg to a blackish broken terminal line. Fringes paler
tipped. A dark median shade crosses the reniform and then runs parallel with and
close to the t. p. line. Claviform moderate or small, outlined in blackish and some-
times black filled. Orbicular round, variable in size, sometimes black-ringed only,
and sometimes a rather indefined round spot. Reniform large, blackish-brown, vary-
ing from a rounded oblong to kidney-shaped, sometimes centrally constricted from
both sides. Secondaries black along the inner and outer margins, the band broad,
inwardly diffuse from the inner margin, sharply limited from the outer margin to a
dirty white disc, which extends along the costal margin to base and is interrupted by
a large, black, lunate spot which leaves only a little of the white visible. Beneath,
the disc of both wings is whitish with a large, black, somewhat lunate spot. Toward
base the wings become blackish. The secondaries have a broad black outer border
through which there may or may not be a whitish shade line : the fringes whitish as
on the upper side. Primaries with a smaller black spot corresponding to the orbicular
and a black band corresponding in course to the t. p. line : beyond this the wing is
more smoky to the blackish fringes which are based by a broken black line. Expands
.88-1.08 inches ^ 22-27 ™m-

Habitat: Silver Lake, Utah, July 13, Dr. Henry Skinner; Mt.
Rainier, Washington Exper. Sta. No. 633, Professor C. V. Piper.
Three male and two female examples in good condition. Two ot

March, 1903.] Smith: Nkw Noctuid/E for 1903. 21

these came from Mr. S. T. Kemj) and are marked Utah, July 15 ; but
I believe they are from the same lot as those which I owe to Dr.
Skinner. The species seems to have been taken in some numbers and
examples are in several collections. The general resemblance is to
melanopa, but the new form is much darker and the secondaries have
the pale area almost completely obscured. In the material before me
the female is more obscurely marked than the male.
Cosmia venosa, sp. nov.

CJround color a rusty luteous, varying toward the reddish. Head and thorax
concolorous. Primaries powdery, all the veins more or less obviously blackish, the
result being a peculiarly sordid appearance. The upper half of the median space is the
darkest part of the wing and from this the otherwise indefmed ordinary spots stand out
as paler than any other part of the wing. Basal line geminate on the costa, but usually
not traceable beyond it. T. a. line single, brown or smoky, more or less outcurved in
the interspaces, as a whole a little oblique outwardly. T. p. line single, brown, more
or less crenulated, rather widely bent over the cell, and either evenly oblique or a little
incurved below that point. S. t. line vague, irregular, concolorous, marked only by
a broken and very irregular preceding dusky shade. A narrow brown line at the
base of the fringes. Median shade broad, diffuse, smoky, variably distinct, out-
wardly oblique from costa to lower margin of reniform, thence rather evenly oblique
to the inner margin. Orbicular large, varying from round to oblong or oval, not
sharply defined. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, not well defined. No obvious
claviform. Secondaries pale, smoky yellowish. Beneath somewhat paler, only a
little powdery, both wings with a smoky outer line and a small, hardly contrasting
discal lunule. Expands 1. 48-1. 68 inches = 37-42 mm.

Habitat : Corvallis, Oregon, June 4-29, at light, A. B. Cordley ;
Olympic Mts., Washington, C. V. Piper; Victoria, British Columbia,
July 7, through Dr. Fletcher.

Two male and four female examples are before us. The species
differs obviously in appearance from the two forms i)reviously de-
scribed, in the crenulate t. p. line and the generally sordid, roughened
appearance. The vestiture is also looser and more divergent ; but
this maybe due in ])art to the fact that none of the specimens are per-
fect and all seem to have been caught at light.
Scopelosoma Colorado, sp. nov.

Ground color varies from reddish clay to pale rusty reddish. Head and thorax
immaculate, concolorous with primaries. Primaries very slightly powdery, the ordi-
nary maculation feebly defined. Basal line may or may not be visible ; if it is, there
is a narrow pale line with a scarcely darker defining edge. T. a. line faint, yet ob-
vious, whitish, with a narrow smoky edging, a little irregular, but as a whole only a
little oblique, nearly rigid. T. p. line geminate, with concolorous center, outer defin-
ing line even, hardly darker or altogether wanting ; inner defining line crenulate.

22

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

slender, blackish in pale specimens, hardly darker than ground in deeply colored
examples ; as a whole it is a little and very evenly outcurved. S. t. line irregular,
either a slightly paler line on an even ground, a mere contrast caused by a dusky ter-
minal shading or by a preceding cloud. A darker terminal line at base of fringes.
There is an obscure median shade, hardly traceable from costa obliquely to the infe-
rior portion of reniform, there a little angled and then, more obvious to the inner mar-
gin. Claviform and orbicular wanting. Reniform rather narrowly kidney-shaped,
somewhat rusty red outwardly, a little darkened inferiorly and with or without white
dots at the extremities. Secondaries smoky, a little paler at base, fringes luteous to
reddish. Beneath reddish, powdery, all wings with an extra- median line, primaries
with the disk smoky, secondaries with a small discal spot. Expands I.40-I.60
inches = 35-4° mm.

Habitat : Glenwood Springs, Colorado, April and October.

Three examples, all males, from Dr. Barnes, who has others. The
specimens were captured in 1893, 1894 and 1895, and I have kept
them associated with lualkeri and sidus as a color variation. To de-
termine which species I really had the genitalia were examined and
proved it distinct from either of those described and figured by me.
The maculation is as in the two species mentioned, but more obscure
than in either, and the ground color is intermediate. It is also more
even in appearance and the median shade is not nearly so well marked
as in walkeri. The genitalic structure is most like that in walkcri,
but lacks the accessory basal clasper and the tip of the harpe is en-
tirely different in shape, unlike any other in the genus.

y

/

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig. 6

Fig- 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. II

Fig. 12

Fig- 13

Fig. 14

Fig. IS

Fig. 16

/' Fig. 17

y

Fig. 18

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L

Mamestra piirptirissata, $ , harpe and clasper.

" jtmciinacnla, $ , harpe and clasper.

" nuga/is, $ , harpe and clasper.

" mystica, $ , harpe and clasper.

" ingravis, $ , harpe and clasper.

" gttssata, $ , harpe and clasper.

" plicala, $ , harpe and clasper.

" segregata, $ , harpe and clasper.

' ' sutrina, $ , harpe and clasper.

" intentata, $ , harpe and clasper.

" mutilala, $ , harpe and clasper.

" ncevia, $ , harpe and clasper.

" ceivina, ^, harpe and clasper.

" neoterica, $ , harpe and clasper.

Scotogyamma densa, $ , harpe and clasper.
" megcira, $ , harpe and clasper.

" hiteola, $ , harpe and clasper.

" unjfonnis, ^ , harpe and clasper.

March, 1903.1 DyAK : LaKV.1-: OK NoKTH AMERICAN CL'LICID.+:. 23

-^ Fig. 19. Scotogramma infuscata, $ , harpe and clasper.

Fig. 20. " discolor, $ , harpe and clasper.

^ Fig. 21. " pho(a, $ , harpe and clasper.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LARVAE OF NORTH
AMERICAN CULICIDiE. — III.

By Harrison G. Dyak, Ph.D.

The species figured herewith are largely the result of Professor
John B. Smith's investigations on mosquitoes in New Jersey, of which
he has given a preliminary account (Ent. News, XIII, 299-303, 1902).
Professor Smith has handed me certain species obtained by his corre-
spondents which I had not .seen, and he requested two of them, Mr.
H. Brehme and Mr. J. Turner Brakeley, to send living material. Mr.
Brakeley especially responded most cordially and not only sent inter-
esting material, but in collecting it, found a si)ecies new to New Jersey
and previously unknown to Professor Smith, namely Culex melanurus.
The jar sent by Mr. Brehme from the salt marshes of the Elizabet'h
River contained a mixture of Culex sollicitans, C. tczniorhynchiis, C.
sylvestris and C- iiii::;ritiilus. The latter larva was a surprise, coming
close to territans which has hitherto stood alone.
Culex taeniorhynchus Wiedemann.

Larvaj bred by Professor Smith with sollicitans " from eggs in the
same piece of sod " (Ent. News, XIII, 300), sent by Mr. Brehme as
noted above and given me by Mr. Kotinsky from a culture at the
Insectary of the Department of Agriculture which had been obtained
at St. Georges Island, Md., by Mr. B. Eftyhithes. The larva differs
from sollicitans by the shorter tube and differently shaped teeth of the
lateral comb (PI. II, Fig. i, />), and comes nearest to Stegotnyia
fasciata, from which it differs in the comb (PI. II, Fig. 2, comb of
fasciata ) .

Larva. — (PI. II, Fig. i.) Head rounded pentagonal, flattened,
normal, brown; antennce moderate, uniform, slender, infuscated out-
wardly, paler at base, the tuft reduced to one hair, short, before the
middle ; mouth brush normal, well developed ; dentate labial triangle
low and broad, regularly and evenly toothed. Body normal, hairs
moderate, diminishing posteriorly ; air tube very short, not much

24 Journal New York Entomologicajl Society. [Voi. xi.

longer than broad, tapered on its outer half, with double row of pecten,
the teeth two-spined, followed by a small tuft ; dark brown. Lateral
comb of eighth segment small, the spines irregularly shaped and
digitately spined (PI. II, Fig. i, B) in an irregular double row.
Anal segment short, ringed by the plate, tuft and brush normal, the
brush without hairs before the barred area from which it arises. Anal
processes four, moderate.

Culex nigritulus Zetterstedt.

Received only from the salt marshes as noted above.

Larva. — (PI. II, Fig. 3.) Head rather large, broad through the
eyes, narrow before, pale, brown-blotched on the vertex ; eyes black,
transverse ; antennae large, long, the outer third narrower, the tuft at
the point of narrowing ; black at base and tip, broadly white banded
centrally. Body normal, hairs moderate, diminishing posteriorly.
Air tube long and slender, as long or longer than in territans, but
straight, regularly tapered, not concave; brown, the tip darker;
double row of pecten of 3-spined teeth and scattered hairs beyond.
Comb of eighth segment a patch of about 40 small spines in three
rows. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, tuft
and brush normal, the latter confined to the barred area. Anal pro-
cesses four, moderate.

There seems a possibility of question whether this is the true
jiigritulus of Europe. Theobald's statement that he had taken the
adults about old water butts scarcely suggests the habits of our salt
marsh species.

Culex consobrinus Desvoidy.

Messrs. J. W. Dupree and H. A. Morgan have very kindly com-
municated to me specimens of this species, identified by them in
Baton Rouge, La. The mature larva sent seems inseparable from that
which I at first supposed to be C. incidens Thomson (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., V, 160, 1903). The antennal tuft is at the middle, the air tube
about three times as long as wide, slightly inflated and with the peculiar
prolongation of the pecten teeth into sette, while the other characters
agree. Several young larvje also were sent in the bottle. They differ
greatly. The antennal tuft is well at the outer third of the long,
completely infuscated joint ; the tube is nearly four times as long as
wide, tapered outwardly and with a small row of spinous teeth at base
followed by several hair tufts ; the anal segment has a dorsal plate, the

March, 1903.] DvAR : Larv.k OF NoRTH Americax Culicid.1-:. 25

ventral brush without tufts before the barred area ; the comb is as in
the mature larva, of many small teeth, finely divided at tip. A first-
stage larva was also sent. It has the antennal tuft at the middle of
the joint, eyes round, head slightly smoky blackish ; air tube infus-
cated outwardly, ventral brush absent, comb a row of large, thorn-
shaped, undivided spines. Disregarding the very generalized con-
dition of the first stage, this larva presents a remarkable change at
the last stage. It would almost suggest a mixture of species, though
I have no reason to doubt the accuracy of Messrs. Dupree and
Morgan's excellent work. The eggs are said to be laid in boat-shaped
masses (Science, n. s., X\T, 1036, 1902), and this at once suggests
the pipieiis type of larva with long tube and antennal tuft at outer
third of joint. The young larvce before me bear out this expectation,
but the mature larva is strangely transformed. It must be a reversion
to a primitive condition, somewhat like the first stage form of these
larvK of the pipicns group. The peculiar modification of the air tube
pecten is even more surprising.

Larva. — (PI. II, Fig. 4.) Head rounded, narrowed somewhat
before, brown, darker on the vertex ; eyes black, transverse ; antennae
rather long, slender, uniform, with a small tuft at the middle, not
before the middle ; pale brown. Body normal, thorax enlarged, flat-
tened, abdomen submoniliform, the hairs moderate, diminishing pos-
teriorly. Lateral comb of eighth segment a diffuse patch of about 50
small spines with digitately divided tips in four irregular rows (PI.
II, Fig. 4, B^. Air tube about three times as long as wide, tapering
outwardly, the usual pecten teeth modified into a row of rather long
hairs, the outer ones longest. Anal segment about as long as wide,
ringed by the plate, brown infuscated like the tube, tuft and brush
normal, the latter continued before the barred area by little tufts to
the base of the segment. Anal processes normal.
Culex triseriatus Say.

Eggs obtained at Center Harbor, N. H., from captive females;
alcoholic larvre handed me by Professor Smith from Mr. J. Turner
Brakeley's cultures at Lahaway, N. J. The eggs are laid at the edge
of the water, just below the surface, in rows, patches or singly, ad-
herent to the edge. The winter is passed in this state (Science, n. s.,
XVI, 672, 1902).

Egi::;. — Elliptical, nearly cylindrical, uniform, no visible flattening ;
both ends rounded, the micropylar one more abruptly and with a

2() Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

small, clear, annular cushion at the tip, the other end more obliquely
narrowed, but rounded at tip. Sculpturing in the form of a heavy,
rounded reticulation, at the margin showing clear projecting granules
especially at the ends ; centrally the clear covering layer is smoother.
Also more or less smeared with mucilage. Length, .8 mm., diameter,
.2 mm.

Larva. — (PI. Ill, Fig. i.) Head well rounded, flattened, normal,
brown, darker on vertex, eyes black, transverse ; antennae long, but
very slender, uniform, a single-haired tuft at the middle, brown.
Body normal, hairs moderate, diminishing posteriorly. Air tube
short, about three times as long as broad, tapering outwardly, brown,
its pecten teeth considerably elongate, but with spines basally, not
produced into hairs (PI. Ill, Fig. i, A^. Lateral comb of the eighth
segment a small patch of about twelve spines, stout and much elon-
gated, with finely digitately divided tips, in an irregular double row.
Anal segment about as long as wide, dorsally plated, the plate reaching
below the middle of the sides ; tuft and brush normal, the latter con-
tinued slightly before the barred area. Anal processes four, moderate.
Culex signifer Coquillett.

This abnormal larva was given me by Professor Smith. The pe-
culiar dorsal platings at the end of the body occur also in Corethra
brakeleyi, but not in any other Culicid that I have yet seen. The
antennae are usually short and the head is elongate suggesting Urano-
tcenia and Anopheles. It is surprising to find these characters in a
Culex.

Larva. — (PI. Ill, Fig. 2.) Head rounded, elliptical, slightly flat-
tened, black ; antennae very short, not exceeding the mouth brush,
with a small tuft before the middle ; eyes black, transverse. Body of
normal shape, thorax enlarged into a thick disk, abdomen submonili-
form ; hairs moderate, those of the first two abdominal segments more
strongly tufted than the succeeding ones. Seventh abdominal seg-
ment with a round dorsal plate, incised anteriorly ; an angulated,
transverse plate on the eighth segment anteriorly, reaching below the
middle of the sides, with the comb at its posterior border but not
united with it. Comb of long spines in a transverse row and a shorter
second row (PI. Ill, Fig. 2, ^9), finely divided on the side next the body.
Air tube about three times as long as wide, slender and rather small,
without pecten, but a hair tuft beyond the middle. A small, linear,
transverse, lateral plate on the last segment anteriorly. Segment tri-

March, .903.] DVAR ; LaRV.1^ OK NORTH AMERICAN CUI.ICID.K. 27

gonate, ringed by its plate, tuft and brush normal, the latter confined
to the barred area. No anal processes visible in any of the specimens
before me.
Culex bimaculatus Coquillett.

Larva. — (PI. Ill, Fig. 3.) Head nearly straight behind, widest
just behind the eyes, narrowed before, flattened ; antennae slender,
rather small, uniform, colorless, with small tuft a little before the
middle of the joint. Eyes large, black, transverse ; mouth brush
rather short, normal ; head pale brown, darker on posterior edge, the
neck black. Thorax roundedly enlarged, abdomen submoniliform,
moderate, normal. Meso- and metathoracic hair tufts short, copious,
brush-like, the upper mesothoracic tubercle bearing a long hair. Ab-
dominal hairs rather slight, becoming single and diminishing pos-
teriorly. Air tube two and a half times as long as wide, slightly
tapered, conic ; a double row of stout, pointed teeth, two- or three-
branched at base, the outer tooth distant ; a fan-shaped hair tuft within
the row at about its middle. Lateral comb a patch of about thirty
small spines with digitately divided tips, three rows deep. Anal seg-
ment ringed by the plate, brush and tuft of rather short hairs, but
unusually thick, the separate pencils being thickened at base and ap-
parently the hairs of the pencil basally consolidated ; no tufts before
the barred area. Anal finger-shaped processes very long, narrowly
pointed, four, normal.

Sent me by Messrs. Dupree and Morgan from Baton Rouge, La.

EXPLANATION OF PL.VFES.
Plate II.

Fig. I. Culex taniorhynchus WiED. A, Pecten tooth of air tube, enlarged.
B, Comb teeth of eighth abdominal segment, enlarged.

Fig. 2. Stegomyia fasciata Faij. Comb teeth of eighth abdominal segment, for
comparison with Fig. i, B.

Fig. 3. Culex nigritulus Zett. A and B, as in Fig. I.

Fig. 4. Culex consobrinus Desv. A and B, as in Fig. i.

Plate III.

Fig. I. Culex triseriatus S.w. A, Pecten tooth of air tube. B, Comb of
eighth abdominal segment.

Fig. 2. Culex signi/er Co<'). B, Comb of eighth abdominal segment.
Fig. 3. Culex hitiiaculatus CoQ. A and B, as in Fig. I.

28 Journal New York Entomological Society. lvoI. xi.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE POINTED-TAILED

WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY PROC-

TOTRYPOIDEA. — IL

By William H. Ashmead, A.M.,
Assistant Curator, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C

Family LIV. DlAPRIID.^2.

This family comes very close to the Belytidce, the two having been treated as a
single family by A. H. Haliday in 1839, but is readily separated by the absence of a
basal cell in the hind wings and by the two-jointed labial palpi.

The genus Loboscelidia Westwood, described from Sulu Island, was placed in
this group, but I think incorrectly ; it is apparently a Cynipoid and not a Procto-
trypoid.

In habits the Diapriids agree with the Belytids, being parasites upon Dipterous
larvae.

The family may be divided into two subfamilies, as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.
Submarginal vein reaching the costa at about half the length of the wing or a little
before ; if it does not reach the costa it attains nearly half the length of the wing
and ends in a stigma ; costal cell most frequently closed.

Subfamily I. SPILOMICRIN/E.

Submarginal vein shorter, never reaching the costa beyond one third the length of the

wing; costal cell most frequently open Subfamily II. DIAPRIIN.(E.

Subfamily I. SPILOMICRIN/E.
The species falling in this group are as a rule considerably larger than those in
the DiapriincE , and are easily recognized by the much longer submarginal vein, which
reaches the costa at about half the length of the wing, and the usually closed costal
cell. In two genera, however, Aneurhynchiis and Labolips, the submarginal vein
does not reach the costa but ends in a stigma.

Table of Genera.

Females I

Males 13

1. Antennae less than 14-jointed 2

Antennae 14-jointed ; mesonotum with two furrows.

Polypeza Forster (type unknown).

2. Antennas 13-jointed 3

Antenna; 12-jointed 8

3. Mesonotum without furrows or at most only slightly indicated posteriorly 7

Mesonotum with two distinct furrows.

Metathorax unarmed 4

March, 1903.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCTOTRYPOIDEA. 29

Metathorax at base armed with a curved spine or thorn ; front wings with

the basal nervure present HoplopHa As/imead*

(type H. ptihhriptunis Ashm.).

4. Front wings with a distinct basal nervure 5

Front wings without a distinct basal nervure 6

5. Al)domen conically pointed, the second segment without sulci at base, overlap-

ping the apex of the petiole ; marginal vein distinct.

Spilomicrus Weshvood (type S. stigtnalicnlis Westw. ).

Abdomen rounded or truncate at apex, the second segment with sulci at base;

marginal vein very short Hemilexis Forsier (partim).

6. Abdomen rounded or truncate at apex ; front wings with the costal cell open ;

stigmal vein often with a backward directed branch Hemilexis F'drsler

(type Diapria plotyptera Hal.)
Abdomen conically pointed ; costal cell closed ; stigmal vein simple.

Paramesius //d'.r/-wc(/ (type /'. ;7(/f/c.f Westw.J.

7. Front wings without a basal nervure ; stigmal vein longer than the marginal.

Hemilexodes Ashmead (type II. Jloridamis Ashm.).

8. Submarginal vein attaining the costa 9

Submarginal vein not attaining the costa, ending in a stigma or knob 12

9. Front wings with a basal nervure 10

Front wings without a basal nervure 11

10. Mesonotum with two furrows ; antenn?e ending in a 5-jointed club.

Idiotypa F'drster (type Psi/us maritiiinis Hal. ).
Mesonotum without furrows ; antenna; ending in a 3-jointed clul) ; face keeled

at the sides Tropidopsis Ashmead

(type 7". clavata Ashm.).

11. Mesonotum with two furrows.

Antennre ending in a 5-jointed club Synacra Forster

(type Diapria hrachialis Nees).
Antenna ending in a 4-jointed club..QIyptonota Forster (type unknown).

12. Mesonotum with two furrows.

Stigma with a stigmal vein ; abdomen with three sulca at base.

Aneurhynchus IVeslxo. [lype A. ga/est/or;/n's Westw.).
Stigma without a stigmal vein ; abdomen with only one sulcus at base.

Labolips Ilaliday (type /,. i)niup(a IIal. ).

13. Antennre less than 15-jointed 14

Antenncc i5-jointed.

Mesonotum with two furrows Polypeza Forster

14. AntenniV! 13-jointed 15

Antennse 14-jointed 19

15. Mesonotum without furrows.
Mesonotum with two furrows.

Metathorax not armed at base with a curved spine 16

Metathorax armed at base with a curved spine or thorn ; tlagellar joints verj'
long, cylindrical Hoplopria Ashineaa

*To this genus belong the species described by Mr. P. Cameron, in Biol. Centr.-
Amer., I, 18S8, under the genus Paramesius Westw.

30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xi.

1 6. Front wings with a basal nervure 1 7

Front wings without a basal nervure l8

17. Mesonotum longer than wide; first flagellar joint as long or longer than the

second ; costal cell closed.

Abdomen without sulci at base Spilottlicrus IVestwood

Abdomen with sulci at base Idiotypa Forster

Mesonotum not longer than wide ; first flagellar joint hardly as long as the second :

costal cell open.
Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal Hetnilexis Forster

18. First flagellar joint not half as long as the second Paramesius IVesizvood

19. Submarginal vein not reaching the costa, ending in a stigma or knob 21

Submarginal vein reaching the costa.

Mesonotum with two furrows 20

Mesonotum without furrows.

Flagellar joints elliptic-oval Tropidopsis Ashviead

20. Front wings without a basal nervure.

Eyes hairy Sy nacra Forster

21. Stigma with a stigmal vein Aneurhynchus IVeshvood

Subfamily II. DIAPRIIN.^..
This group is distinguished by the brevity of the submarginal vein which reaches
the costa at about one third the length of the wing ; to it belong also some wingless

forms.

Table of Genera.

Females I

Males 20

1. Antennae less than 14-jointed 3

Antennae 14-jointed.

Pronotum normal 2

Pronotum abnormal, produced anteriorly into a long horn that extends for-
ward over the head Notoxoides ^.y/zw. g. nov.

(type iV. brasiliensis ASHM.).

2. Mesonotum without furrows ; front wings without a basal nervure.

Myrmecopria Ashmead (type Loxotropa mel/ca AsHM.).

3 Antennje 13-jointed 4

Antennae 12-jointed or less 5

4. Mesonotum without furrows or only slightly indicated posteriorly.

Scutellum foveated at base ; club of antennae i -jointed ; basal nervure present.
Basalys IVesiwood (type B. fumipennis Westw.).
Scutellum not foveated at base ; club of antenna consisting of one en-
larged joint Monelata Forster (type Diapria parviila Nees)

5. Antennae 12-jointed 6

Antennae li-jointed 19

6. Face normal or not greatly lengthened 7

Face abnormal, greatly lengthened ; mandibles rostriform.

Mesonotum with two furrows Galesus Curtis

(type Psihts cormttiis P.\nzer).

March, 1903.'] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCTOTRYPOIDEA. 31

7. Apterous forms 8

Winged 12

8. Head large and flat, more or less quadrate ; ocelli wanting 9

Head sometimes large, but quite diflerently shaped ; ocelli sometimes present.. Ii

9. Legs normal, not short and stout ; scape of antenncie not dilated lo

Legs short and stout ; scape of antenn;v dilated, tlat ...Platymischus lVest7vooa

(tyjic /'. dHatalns Wkstw. ).

10. Head oblong, full behind the eyes, scutellum indistinctly separated ; antennae

long, the flagellum suhclavate, the first three or four joints not short.

Platymischoides Ashmeod (type P. molokaiensis AsiiM. ).

11. Thora.x elongate and much narrowed, compressed; head of an abnormal shape,

and compressed, seen from above it is longer than wide but hardly wider than
the thorax, seen from the side it is much shorter than high, t!ie smaH eyes

being placed low down near the anterior margin Zacranium Ashmead

(type Z. o/iui'Hsis Ashm. ).

12. Front wings without a basal nervure 1 3

F'ront wings with a basal nervure

Mesonotum without furrows ; club of antenna; 3- or 4-iointed.

LoxOtropa Fdister (type Z. acolutha Fd'.RST. ).

13. Mesonotum without furrows.

Scutellum normal, not ending in a spine 14

Scutellum ending in a distinct spine Acanthopria Ashinead

(type ./. crassiconiis AsHM. ).

14. Head transverse or subglobose 15

Head large, viewed from above pentagonal, the ocelli present ; mesonotum with-
out furrows; antenna; ending in a 5-jointed club, the funicle joints slender,
subcylindrical, at least twice longer than thick Tetramopria Wasmann

(type T. nttrocincta Wasm.).

15. Scutellum not foveate at base 18

Scutellum foveate at ba.se.

Tip of scutellum rounded or truncate, not compressed from the sides, ecari-
nate 16

Tip of scutellum compressed from the sides the sides, the disk or apex with
a median carina ; abdomen usually conically pointed.

Tropidopria Ashmead (tyjje Diapria conica Faur.).

16. Last joint of antenna; quite differently formed 17

Last joint of antenn;!? enormously enlarged, oblong-oval.

Megaplastopria Ashm. g. nov. (type M. brasilii-nis AsHM. ).

17. Abdominal jieliole much longer than thick ; metathorax always with a distinct

ridge or conic prominence at base.

Diapria I.alreille (type Diapria verticillala Latr.).
Abdominal petiole not longer than thick, densely woolly ; metathorax most fre-
quently without a conic prominence at base, usually areolated.
Antennal club 3 -jointed.. Ceratopria Ashmead (type C. /on^'iror/r is Ashm.).

Antennal club 4- or 5-jointed Trichopria Ashmead

( typo T. peiitaplasta AsHM. ) .

32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

18. Axillee not separated.

Front wings at apex entire Phtenopria Aslunead

(type/", niiinttissiina AsHM.).

Front wings at apex subemarginate Adeliopria Ashmead

(type A. longii Ashm. ).

19. Head globose ; mesonotum without furrows ; abdomen with the second segment

occupying most of the entire surface ; flagellum subclavate, the joints 2-7
transverse, the eighth quadrate, the club large, cone-shaped, unjointed.

Solenopsia Wasmann (type S. imitatrix 'WAi^l.).

20. Antenna; i4-jointed 21

Antennae 13-jointed or less t,^

2l.|Scape not especially developed 22

Scape abnormally developed, broad and fiat.

Apterous; mesonotum without furrows Platymischus IVestw.

22.^Face not lengthened ; mandibles not rostriform 23

Face lengthened ; mandibles rostriform.

Mesonotum with two furrows ; antennae filiform, the third joint small,
rounded, the following long, cylindrical Qalesus Curtis

23. Apterous forms. 32

Winged forms.

Front wings with a basal nervure 24

Front wings without a basal nervure 27

24. First joint of the flagellum not shorter than the second 25

First joint of the flagellum much shorter than the second Basalys Westxuood

25. Mesonotum without furrows \^0^0XX0^2l Forster

26. Scutellum unarmed 27

Scutellum ending in a distinct spine Acanthopria Ashmead

27. Scutellum not foveated at base 31

Scutellum foveated at base.

Scutellum at apex not compressed from the sides, rounded or truncate, with-
out a carina 28

Scutellum at apex compressed from the sides, the disk or apex with a median
carina Tropidopria Ashmead

28. Stigma more or less developed ; head not pentagonal 29

Stigma not at all developed, head pentagonal ; first joint of flagellum elongate,

nearly twice longer than the pedicel, the second shorter than the first, curved
and thickened at apex, the third small, quadrate, 5-^2 globose.

Tetramopria \Vasma7in

29. Antenna; filiform or moniliform, the joints of flagellum not nodose-verticillate... 30
Antennie with the joints of the flagellum pedunculsted, nodose-verticillate.

Diapria Latreille

30. Second flagellar joint longer and thicker than the first, usually curved or angu-

lated towards one side, the joints beyond rounded, with long bristles.

Ceratopria Ashmead

Second flagellar joint shorter than the first, the first four or five joints twice

longer than thick, the joints beyond long-oval or moniliform, with short hairs,

or the joints, after the second, moniliform, pilose Trichopria Ashmead

March, 1903.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF PrOCIOTRYI'OIDEA. 33

31. Second flagellar joint about as long as the first, the joints beyond long-oval or

moniliform Pheenopria Aslmuad

32. Mesonotum without furrows Loxotropa Forster

33. Scutellum not foveated at base 34

Scutellum foveated at base.

Mesonotum with two furrows or at least well defined posteriorly.
First joint of flagellum as long as the second and third united.

Basalys W'dsi-w.

34. Mesonotum without furrows.

First joint of tlagellum not half as long as the second Monelata Forster

Family LV. CERAPHRONID^.

Mr. A. H. Haliday, as early as 1839, was the first to correctly
indicate this family as distinct from other Proctotrypids. It is a
most interesting family, ciuite distinct in many particulars and ex-
hibits very little affinity with any of the other families defined here.

The family is an extensive one, widely distributed over the entire
world and is well represented by both genera and species, but still
imperfectly knowji or studied.

The species attack plant-lice, Ap/iii/uice, and Dipterous larvae,
belonging principally to the family Cecidomyiidcc. .V {t\\ , however,
have been recorded from Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, but I think
incorrectly.

TaHLF, ok SUHFAMILIKS.

Marginal vein stigmated ; antennre ii-jointed, the same number of joints in both
se.xes Subfamily I. MEGASPILIN/E.

Marginal vein linear, never stigmated ; antennae with a less number of joints in the
females than in the males; males with 10- or 11 -jointed antennas, females 9- or 10-
jointed Subfamily II. CERAPHRONINtE.

Subfamily I. MEGASPILIN^.
This subfamily is easily distinguished by the large, stigmated
marginal vein, which thus resembles the stigma of the more specialized
families in the Apoidea, Sphecoidea, etc. The wingless forms, which
are rare, are only separated from those in the Ceraphronime, by the
difference in the antenncc.

Table of Genera.

Females i

Males 9

1. Mesonotum with three impressed lines 2

Mesonotum without impressed lines, or with only one or two lines 6

2. Metathorax not spined at base 3

Metathora,\ with a forked spine at base Habropelte Thomson

(type Ceraphron sciitellaris Dalk. ).

34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xi

3. Apterous 5

Winged.

Wings pubescent with cilia 4

Wings bare, wiihout cilia, glabruus Trichosteresis Fors/e;-

(type Ceraphron [;iabra Li(^HE^t. ).

4. Eyes usually bare; mesonotum not narrowed anteriorly Lygocerus Forster

(type Cerapkron raiuirornis BOHEM. ).

Eyes pubescent ; mesonotum narrowed anteriorly iVlegaspilus Wesiwood

(type Ceraphron abdoiiiinalis BoHEM. ).

5. Thorax not much narrowed ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, labials 3-jointed.

Megaspilus U'est-u'.
Thorax much narrowed ; mamillary palpi 4 jointed, labials 2-jointcd.

EumegaspiluS Ashmead (type E. eryihrotliorax AsHM. 1.

6. Mesonotum without impressed lines 8

Mesonotum with one or two impressed lines.

Mesonotum with one impressed line down the center 7

Mesonotum with two impressed lines Dichognus Tliomson

(type D. tiiiiiidialus Thoms. ).

7. Eyes small ; ocelli wanting. Apterous Lagynodes Forster

[ type CerapIivMi pullidus Bohe.m. ).

Eyes large ; ocelli present. Winged Atritomus /-drsfer

(type A. couopfui^us FcERST. ).

8. Eyes large, bare; ocelli distinct Atritomus /'(".f/er

Unknown ? Dendrocerus Ru/zeding

9. Mesonotum with three impressed lines 10

Mesonotum without impressed lines or with one or two impressed lines 13

10. Metathorax normal without a forked .spine at base Ii

Metathorax with a forked spine at base Habropelte T/iomson

11. Wings pubescent, with cilia 12

Wings bare, glabrous, without cilia Trichosteresis F'drstti

Apterous. Antenna filiform EumegaspiluS Ashmead

12. Antennte dentate or ramose Lygocerus Fors/er

Antennre filiform, simple, not dentate Megaspilus ll't'stiooud

13. Mesonotum wiihout an impressed line 14

Mesonotum with one or two impressed lines.

Mesonotum with two impressed lines Dichogmus T/iomson

Mesonotum with one impressed line Atritomus Forster

14. Antenna toothed or serrate Atritomus Forster

AntennK with five long branches, a branch on each of the first five flagellar joints.

Dendrocerus Kcitzlmrg (type D. Hchtenstcini Raizeb).

Subfamily II. CERAPHRONIN^.

The species falling in this subfamily are distinguished by antennal
characters, the males having more joints in the antennae then the
females, and by the linear, never stigmated, marginal vein.

March, 19 3j LeNG : NoRTH AMERICAN COCCINELLID.K. 35

Tiihlc of Genera.

Females .. i

Males S

1. AnteunjE lojointed 2

Antenna? 9-jointed 7

2. Apterous 5

Winged.

Mesonolum without a furrow 4

Mesonolum with a medinm impressed line 3

3. Scutellum Hat or subconvex, with a marginal frenum... Ceraphron y//r///('

(type C. .<it.',,!/iis JLKINK).

.Scutellum convex, acuminate, without a frenum Aphanogmus 'J'lioinsoii

(type A. fitniiptttnii TiiOM. ).

4. Antennce subclavate 6

5. Mesonotum with a median impressed line.

Scutellum flat or subconvex, with a frenum Ceraphronywr/wt-

Scutellum convex, without a frenum Aphanogmus Thomson

6. Scutellum distinct Aphanogmus I'hotnson

Scutellum not at all differentiated Ecitonetes j^rrt^-j

(type E. sitbal^teitis BRfES).

7. Mesonotum with a median impressed line Neoceraphron Ashvieaa

(type Ccraphroti fftaironcurus AsHM. ).

8. Antenna: 1 1 jointed 9

Antennre l o-joi nted 12

9. Mesonotum with a median impressed line 10

Mesonotum without a median impressed line.

10. Scutellum depressed or flat, without a frenum ; antennit simple, not serrate.

Ceraphron Jmine
.Scutellum convex, acuminate, without a frenum ; antenn;v serrate.

Aphanogmus Thomson

11. Scutellum convex, acuminate, without a frenum.

Antenna;°serrate A phanogmus Thomson

12. Mesonotum with a median impressed line.

Antenna; filiform Neoceraphron Ashmeau

NOTES ON COCClNELLlDiE.

By Ch.\rles W. Leng, B.S.

Major Thomas L. Casey's " Revision " of this family, printed in
this Journal (Vol. VII, pp. 71-169), describes several new species :
and the following notes result mainly from a study of his work and
of the material in the collections of Messrs. Schaeffer, Roberts, Love,
0' Conner, Luetgens, Marshall, Ouellet, Knaus, Wickham and Davis,

36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

as well as my own. I have also been allowed to study the material in
the American Museum of Natural History, through the kindness of
Mr. William Beutenmiiller.

The preceding papers by American authors are by LeConte, Proc.
Acad., 1852, Vol. VI, p. 129; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1880, A^ol.
VIII, p. 186 ; Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1873, Vol. IV, p. 363 ;
Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1895, Vol. XXII, p. 81. Since the
publication of Major Casey's "Revision," Mr. F. C. Bowditch has
published (Ent. News, Sept., 1902) some critical notes.

Some of these authors have been apparently handicapped by in-
sufficient material ; and it is to be regretted that, while the larger
species are represented in most collections, the smaller species are
usually represented by few specimens.

Collectors should not fail to take large series of the species of
Hyperaspis and Scymniis on account of the interest they possess from
the variety of their markings and their economic importance.

With few exceptions the Coccinellidae are beneficial insects, feed-
ing in the larval stage and as imagines on plant lice and scale insects.
The reports of the various State Entomologists contain numerous ref-
erences to their predaceous habits, the summary of which is that while
they doubtless eat some vegetable matter, pollen for example, their
food consists largely of injurious insects. There is room for original
investigation in this direction.

The standpoint of Major Casey in regard to the relation between
American species and the related foreign forms is quite different to that
of previous authors. He apparently regards each geographic race as
entitled to a specific name, though in some cases he uses the word sub-
species ; while his predecessors have sometimes sought to emphasize
the relationship by the suppression of varietal names.

Tribe i. Hippodainiini.
The body is more elongate and loosely formed ; the upper surface
is glabrous ; the legs are longer and less retractile than in the following
tribes.

The genera may be separated as follows :

Claws simple Anisosticta.

Claws with a large quadrate basal tooth Megilla.

Claws toothed near base.

Antennns simple Paransemia .

Antennre with third jointed dilated Ceratomegilla.

Claws bifid Hippodamia.

March, 1903.] LeNG : NORTH AMERICAN COCCINELLID.E.. 37

Nizmia is included with Anisosticta ; Adonia is included with
Hippodamia ; Eriopsis is omitted for reasons stated below ; Macronccmia
is included with Anisosticta.

Anisosticta Dupfluchcl.

3033. A. Strigata Thuub., 1794. Northern States and Canada.

Ovate, black ; head yellow, black at base; legs, antenncc, sides of abdomen and
last segment yellow; thorax and elytra yellow, evidently punctate ; thorax with two
obtriangular spots (the external corner often isolated as a dot) ; elytra each with
eight spots and a common bilobed scutellar spot black (the two pairs near the suture
are often confluent, and then the external row forms a sinuous band). Length, 3.25
mm. = . 13 inch.

The name />itriaiii:;u/a>-is Say is preferred by Major Casey, who
states the American form is distinct from the European. The black
markings of the elytra and thorax are heavier in eastern than in
western specimens and two names may be necessary if we distinguish
geographic races. A specimen from Manitoba (figured in plate) in
Professor Wickham's collection is conspicuously pale. For the pres-
ent I believe it will be preferred to use the original name of the
species for all its forms.

3034. A. seriata J/<7.f. , 1846. Maritime regions of Atlantic States and southern
California.

Ovate, black ; tibice, antenna:, sides of abdomen reddish-yellow ; thorax and
elytra reddish-yellow, jiunctulate ; thorax with two large obtriangular spots connected
at median line ; elytra each with five spots and a common scutellar spot black. Re-
sembles Megilla iitaculata but may easily" be known by the entirely black head and
the confluence of the spots. Specimens from southern California are redder and
have the elytral spots barely connected. Length, 4.5 to 6.5 mm. ^^ .iS to .26 inch.

This species was made the type of N^ceinia by Mulsant and in this
he is followed by Major Casey but in view of the feeble characters used
I prefer to retain the arrangement of the check list. The name litigiosa
Muls., might be revived for the southern California form if it were
desired to distinguish the geographic races of this species.

3035. A. episcopalis Kirby, 1837. Canada, Kansas, Wyoming, Colorado (April
to June in sweepings, Wickham), Lake Tahoe, California (Fall).

Elongate, parallel, bright yellow, body black ; head black behind and with two
black vittK ; thorax rounded behind, sinuate before the posterior angles, rather finely
punctate with a large three-lobed mark on either side the median line; elytra more
strongly punctate, suture narrowly black and a discoidal vitta more broadly black
(neither of them reaching the apex). Length, 3.75 mm. = .15 inch.

This species has not the characters by which Mulsant sought to
separate Nceinia ; if it is to be separated from Anisosticta \\. should be

38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. xi.

under Casey's name Macfonamia. I prefer to simplify the list by
restoring it to Anisosticta.

Megilla Mtils.

3036. M. maculata DeG., 1775. Canada, United States and southward, except

Pacific coast.

Ovate, black, alutaceous, thorax and elytra reddish, spotted with black, punctu-
late ; head black with a triangular frontal red spot ; thorax with an obtriangular black
spot on either side the median line ; scutellum black, elytra with two common spots
(one scutellar, one at three fourths) and four arranged longitudinally, one on the
callus, one medial larger, one at three fourths and one subapical. The spots become
reduced in the \ axitty Jloridana. Length, 4 to 7 mm. = .20 to .28 inch. This
species hibernates gregariously.

This species may be divided into geographic races and if this be
done our common form will be known as fuscilabris. Major Casey
has described a large form from Brownsville, Tex., under the name
strenua and there is still a third form occurring in Florida and Louisi-
ana which is separated already in many collections and may be called
ftoridana. These varieties may be separated as follows :

Larger form with fully developed markings.

Prothorax less than twice as wide as long ; 4.7 to 6.2 mm fuscilabris.

Prothorax twice as wide as long ; 5.2 to 7.2 mm strenua.

Small form with feebly developed markings ; 4.5 to 5 mm floridana.

/Vlegilla floridana, var. nov.

Head black, with a triangular red mark ; thorax red, with two small basal black
marks ; elytra red, with a common scutellar black spot and each with humeral, an-
temedian, two postmedian and apical black spots. The spots are small and separated
by more than their own diameter. The inner of the two postmedian spots is not sutural
nor is it usually coalescent with the corresponding spot of the other elytron as in the
wzrieiy fiisdlabris. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Habitat : Florida and Louisiana (Vowell's Mill).
I regard this as a well-marked race of maculata.

Paranaemia Casey.
This genus differs from the preceding by the forms of the tarsal
claws, as shown in figure, and by the pattern of maculation. I think
it should be recognized.

3037. P. vittigera Mann., 1843. Col., N. Mex., Ariz., Cal., on herbage in

swampy places.

Ovate, black, alutaceous ; thorax as in the preceding ; pale spot of the head
small or lacking in female ; elytra with suture and a dorsal vitta black, both are
attenuate towards the apex, which they do not reach. Length, 5 to 5.5 mm. = .20
to .22 inch.

March, 1903.] I.ENG : NORTH AMERICAN COCCINELLIU.E. 39

Major Casey has separated under the name sii/ii/is specimens from
Colorado and Arizona in which the form is more elongate, the thorax
especially so and more rounded at base. I can trace the differences
described in the large series I have examined, but do not believe they
indicate more than a feebly defined race.

Ceratomegilla Crofcli.

3038. C. L'Ikei Cr., 1873. Hudson's Bay.

"Oval, sub-opaque, antennre, tarsi and palpi ochreous ; head with a white spot
in front of each eye, thorax with the sides bordered with ochreous, anterior angles
broadly ochreous, and a very minute line in the middle of the anterior margin also
ochreous ; elytra rather closely punctate, a triangular spot on the base, the external
margin irregularly, and an elongate common sutural spot near the apex fulvous.
L. 22 inch (5.5 mm.)."

The claws are dentate at base and the antennre have the third
joint longer than the second, broadly dilated at apex, with the inner
angle ciliate.

Unknown to Major Casey and not represented in any of the col-
lections I have seen. I repeat the description of Crotch (Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, IV, 365).

Adonia Mu/s.

3039. A. constellata Z(7/</^ 17S1. Nova Scotia.

" l>]ack, tibiae, antennae and entire front of the head pale ; thorax with a narrow
border, an abbreviated medial line connected with the anterior margin and a round
dot on either side white ; elytra clearly and rather coarsely punctate, with a scutellar
spot and six others (as in Hippodainia') variously united or absent. L. 19 inch
^4.7 mm."

This is a European insect and the name is cited as a synonym of
variegata Goeze in the Gemminger & Harold Catalogue, and in the
later Henshaw list. It is not represented in any of the collections I
have seen. I quote Crotch's description.

I think this species should be omitted from our list.

Eriopsis Muls.

3040. E. COnnexa Germ, Texas, California, Vancouver.

Oblong, black, extremely finely and obsoletely, head more visibly, punctate ;
thorax with the sides, and a spot on the front and hind margins yellow ; elytra with
the margin, base and two dorsal spots yellow ; the marginal line is dilated in five
places, one basal, one subhumeral, one medial, one at three fourths and one sub-
apical. L. 122 inch =5.5 mm.

This is a South American insect, which has very seldom been
found in the United States, even if the records are authentic.

40 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

I think this species should be omitted from our list.

This genus and the preceding are very close to Hippo da mi a.

Hippodamia Mills.

The synopsis by Crotch includes only part of the now known
species ; the later synopsis by. Casey omits several of the previously
described species ; I am therefore compelled to offer a new synopsis.
Our species fall into three groups distinguished by the character of the
sternal plates or more readily by the markings of the thorax, viz :

Thorax with broad white lateral margins within each of which is a black dot. The
black dot is sometimes connected with the interior black portion, the latter being
without the discal divergent lines Group I

Thorax with a white quadrate spot at the middle of the base and white lateral and
anterior margins variously interrupted Group 2

Thorax with a white lateral margin often interrupted at middle or reduced to an an-
terior marginal spot. In this group occur all the species with discal divergent lines
on the thorax, but some species are without them (houp 3

Group I consists of one species, ij-pnuctaia. Group 2 consists
of one species parenthesis. Group 3 consists of several species separ-
able as follows :

Anterior half of elytra without markings or with only a humeral black dot...glacialis
Elytra with a black subbasal band often reaciiing the humeri, with or without other

marks 5=signata

Elytra with a common black scutellar spot in the form of a trilobed star, with or

without other marks Lecontei

Elytra black with a subapical red spot moesta

Elytra immaculate ambigua

Elytra with six small spots, seldom even partly confluent COnvergenS

Elytra with sutural margin wholly or partly black and each with four spots distinct or

united or with a sinuous vitta formed by the union of the spots sinuata

Elytra with a broad subbasal band and a large medial spot dispar

3041. H. 5==signata Kirby, 1837.

Extends from New York ( Adirondacks) to California, following a
northern range but descending also to Colorado, Utah and New
Mexico in the mountains.

In the most heavily marked form the thorax is all black except the
anterior angles, and the elytra have three black bands, one subbasal,
very broad, disconnected at suture ; one post-mediaii also broad but
abbreviated, the third subapical and scarcely more than a good-sized
spot. In the palest form the thorax has a white margin and discal
lines, the elytra bear no marks behind the subbasal band which is

March, 1903.] Lenc : North Amkrican Cocci nellid.i:. 41

much reduced. 'rhis form is confined to the Pacific coast and is
exfensa Muls. Between these two extremes occur very many inter-
mediate forms, some of which have been named by Major Casey, but
in view of the variability of the large series before me collected at vari-
ous points in the Rocky Mts. by Mr. E. J. Oslar, I am not sure that
these names represent even established geographic races. For cabinet
arrangement these forms may be arranged as follows if desired :

Three elytral bands 5-signata

Subapical band or spot lacking leporina Mii/s. (T'cm/'x Csy. )

Subapical band lacking, middle band represented by two spots unnamed.

Subbasal band narrower, others represented by small dots (united in puMCticoIlis

Qj'.) subsimilis c\r.

Middle and apical band lacking extensa Afn/s.

The last occurs as far as I know only west of the Sierra Nevada, is
certainly a good variety and should be added to our list as

3041a. H. extensa .l////.f., 1851. Cabfornia.

3042. H. ambigua At-c, 1852. California and Oregon.

With this species, itself closely related to the preceding I include
as geographic races obliqtia and politissima of Casey. All the forms
have immaculate elytra rarely a few small spots but may be separated
as follows :

Thorax without discal divergent lines ambigua.

Thorax with discal divergent lines.

Elytra feebly alutaceous obl iqua .

Elytra highly polished politissima.

The discal divergent lines of the thorax when present may be rep-
resented by two short dashes at middle of thorax, or they may be so
extended as to leave only a narrow black design on a white ground.
In the series collected for me by Miss Dennis at Dilley, Oregon,
every intergrade can be found.

3043. H. Lecontei Muh., 1S51. Colorado to California.

In this' species the trilobed scutellar spot is accompanied by hu-
meral spot, post-median spots or band and subapical spot and its pat-
tern of maculation closely resembles that o^ ^-signata.

3043a. H. mcesta Lcc, 1854. British Columbia, Oregon.

Very distinct from all others and I know of no reason for regard-
ing it as a variety of the preceding.

3044. H. glacialis Fab., 1775. Northeastern America.

No division of this species has been proposed. Major Casey is in

42 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. xi.

error in saying "anterior spots always wanting." About half the
specimens I have seen have a small black humeral dot as well as the
post-median band and subapical spot.

3045. H. 15=maculata il////^., 1851. Kansas and Arkansas.
I regard as a variety of convergens.

3046. H. convergens Gucr., 1846. North America.

The pattern of maculation in this widely distributed species is six
spots on each elytron and a scutellar spot. The discal divergent lines
are usually well developed. The variations are :

Elytra immaculate obsoleta Lee.

Anterior and scutellar spots coalescent unnamed.

Postmedian spots coalescent juncta Csy.

All the spots enlarged and partly coalescent 15=niaculata Muls.

3047. H. spuria Zfc, 1861. Oregon, Vancouver.

"This species has the form and size of our coxaxxxon H. parenthesis, hyx\.^c
thorax of H. convergens. The elytra are more elongate oval in form than in either,
and more obtusely rounded at tip ; the apical angle is also not at all acute, but on the
contrary, quite rounded. The spots of the elytra vary greatly ; the scutellar elongate
spot is sometimes prolonged on the sutural margin for two thirds the length ; the first
and second, or the second and third of the posterior spots are connected sometimes as
in varieties of H. parenthesis, and specimens will undoubtedly be found in which all
three are united to form an arcuated spot. It is also probable that H. sinuata Muls.
is an extreme form of this species. Long. .20. Oregon."

I consider this a variety of sinuata to be separated as noted below.

It seems as if Major Casey had somehow been misled in regard to
this species as his description does not coincide with that of Dr. Le-
conte and the locality (Colorado) cited is, in my belief, far from the
region inhabited by Leconte's species. Leconte's description is here
quoted.

3048. H. oregonensis Cr., 1873. Oregon.

Differs from the preceding by the absence of the discal divergent
lines on the thorax. I believe that this is a form of sinuata var.
spuria, but in the absence of sufficient specimens I am obliged to leave
the name in doubt.

3049. H. sinuata .Muls., 185 1.

var. spuria Z.v. , 1861. Oregon, Vancouver, Washington.

var. trivittata Casey, 1899. California.

true sinuata Muls., New Mexico.

var. spuria Casey., Utah, Col., N. Mex., Nev.

March, 1903.] LeNG : NORTH AMERICAN COCCINELLID.E. 43

In this species the basis of the markings may be regarded as four
spots, one subhumeral, one subsutural near the middle, one submar-
ginal behind the middle and one subapical. There is also a sutural
stripe, more or less developed.

In the true siniiata the spots unite to form a vitta arcuately sinuate
posteriorly. Sometimes the union is incomplete, the apical spot be-
ing separated {amcricana Cr. ). The sutural stripe is narrow and
reaches nearly to the apex. The color is quite reddish. All the
specimens I have seen are from New Mexico.

In the variety spuria Lee, the subhumeral spot is usually separate
and the three posterior spots are wholly or partly united, forming an
arcuate spot as in pare/itfiesis. The subhumeral spot, however, may
also be united, in which case we have the form called complex by
Casey. I include under spuria Lee, also oregoncnsis, differing only by
the absence of discal thoracic lines, a character instable in a preceding
species. In spuria Lee, the sutural stripe is a short broad mark sur-
rounding the scutellum as in parenthesis. The color is paler than
in si/iuata. The home of this variety is in Vancouver, Oregon, and
Washington, but I have a specimen collected by Mr. Warren Knaus in
Kansas, which could be placed here.

In the variety trivittafa the vitta of sinuaia is almost reproduced,
but I have seen no specimens in which the vitta is broken by the sepa-
ration of the apical spot and the sinuation in the vitta is less marked,
so that, as Major Casey says, the design is very much like that of Para-
ncemia vitfigera. The sutural stripe is usually very long, but it is some-
times a short scutellar blotch as in the preceding variety which makes
the form called crotclii by Casey. The color is comparatively pale in
this variety. Its home is in California. It is probable xSxzX fa Itinera Cr. ,
differing only by the absence of discal thoracic lines, is to be included
here in which cases Crotch's name must be used ; but I have seen no
specimens from the locality named by him (Slave Lake, Hudson's Bay)
and I prefer to leave this name in doubt for the present.

In the variety called spuria in Major Casey's paper (but which is
really nameless for, as I read the descriptions, spuria is preoccupied)
the four spots are entirely separated, or the two middle spots may be
united, or some of the spots may be lacking. The sutural stripe is
usually short and narrow. The color is yellow, or reddish-yellow in
specimens from New Mexico. I have specimens from Utah, Colo-
rado, Kansas, New Mexico, Nevada, Dakota, Idaho and Wyoming

44 Journal New V^okk Entomological Society. [Voi.xi.

and a specimen from Vancouver in Professor Wickham's collection
has the markings so reduced as to be placed here.

It seems to me as if all these forms constituted one species which
may have originally had the four spots ; with a tendency to establish
the varieties sinuata, trivittata and spuria Lee, in each of which,
however, there is a tendency to revert to the ancestral type.

3050. H. 13=punctata Linn., 1735. Europe, Siberia and the United States.

No division of this species has been proposed.

3051. li. parenthesis Say, 1824. British America and the northern part of the
United States, extending to Colorado in the mountains and from New England to
California.

There is a great variation in the elytral markings, as will be noted
by the figures. The quadrate white spot at the base of the thorax
seems to be constant. Major Casey has proposed the name apicalis
for that form in which the subapical spot attains the suture and apical
angles, but I doubt very much if this indicates an established race.
If so, it should be cited as

3051a. Var. apicalis Casey, 1899. Nevada and California.

3052. H. falcigera Crotch, 1873. Slave Lake, Hudson's Bay.

" Black, clearly and finely punctulate ; head with a small frontal spot, yellow ;
thorax with a narrow uniform border yellow, no discal spots ; elytra yellow with the
suture black (narrowing out before the apex) and each with a black equally broad
vitta suddenly incurved before the apex ; meta-epimera black. L. .22 inch."

This I have not seen, but as stated above, I believe it to be the
variety of sinitata called trivittata by Major Casey. The above is a
copy of the original description.

3053. H. americana Crotch, 1873. Kansas, Hudson's Bay.

Under this name Crotch described sinuata with the apical spot de-
tached and I do not think that the name can be anything but a syn-
onym unless it be regarded as the first description of a departure from
the true sinuata form and hence including all other departures in the
same direction. In this view the name could be used for the fourth
variety of sinuata, called spuria by Major Casey.

3054. H. variegata Goeze, iTTJ.

Should be dropped. See under Adonia constellata above.

H. dispar Casey, 1899. Colorado.

Oval, black ; antenna;, epimera, frontal spot, anterior and lateral margins of
thorax and elytra pale ; elytra with subbasal band equally broad throughout and a
broad post-median si^ot, black ;. surface of elytra strongly alulaceous and rugulose ;

March, 1903] BUSCK : NOTES ON YPONOMEUTID.B. 45

thorax closely punctate ; body smaller and more depressed than usual in this genus.
Length, 4.5 mm. -r .iS inch.

I have not seen the type and the figure is drawn from a specimen
in my own collection from the same locality and seemingly identical
with the insect described by Major Casey. Mr. Blanchard has speci-
mens from New Mexico, collected by Prof. F. H. Snow in which the
subbasal band and median spot are connected. The elytra in one
specimen bear also a disconnected subapical spot. I regard these as
a form of dispar.

NOTES ON THE CEROSTOMA GROUP OF YPO-

NOMEUTID^, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

By August Busck.

While endeavoring to arrange some American moths of the Ceros-
toma group and for that purpose examining critically the European
species placed in that genus by modern European authors, I was sur-
prised by the diversity of forms included under that generic name.
Meyrick, in his Handbook of British I, epidoptera, includes in Ccros-
toma all English Yponomeutidce which have veins 6 and 7 in the
hindwings stalked. This is at least more consistent than the course
pursued by Rebel in the Catalogue of European Lepidotera, where he
places one of them, jnucromella Scopoli, under a separate genus
Theristis, leaving the rest, which readily separate into four just as
distinct genera, in Cerostoma. The natural way seems to be to divide
the group into the five genera defined by Wallengren (Ent. Tids-
krift, I, p. 53, 1880), but some of his generic names will fall in favor
of Hiibner's earlier terms.

The genus Cerostoma was founded by Latreille (Hist. Nat. des
Crust, et Ins., Vol. Ill, p. 416, 1802) and was characterized as fol-
lows : "Ailes tres-alongees, etroites, monies sur le corps. Quatre pal-
pes distinctes ; les superieurs droits, les inferieurs long et recourbes ;
leur second article penicilliforme, le derniere conique, alonge, presque
nu."

The type of this genus is Ypsolophiis {Aliicita) dorsatus Fabri-
cius, that being the only species mentioned by Latreille both in this
volume and in Vol. XIII, p. 247, 1805.

46 Journal New York Entomulugical Society. [Voi. xi.

Latreille's redescription of this species and his subsequent figure
(Genera Crust, et Insectorum, Vol. I, Plate i6, Fig. 6, 1806) agree
well with Fabricius' original description of Aluciia dorsella (Ent.
Syst., 3, 2, p. 336, 1793), which is as follows: " Alis anticis cine-
reis fusco irroratis ; dorso communi albido ; maculis duabus nigris.
Magnitude A. sylvellte, caput albo hirtuni ; ake antica; cinerese atomis
plurimis fuscis dorsoque communi albidore maculis majoribus atomisque
plurimis nigris ; posticse fuscee. Pedes albi, tarsis nigro annulatis."

Stephens (Cat. Brit. Lep., p. 223, 1829) made this species a
synonym of Tinea vittella Linn. (Syst. Nat., edit. X, p. 538, 1758),
and inasmuch as Linne's discription does not disagree with this con-
tention and as no disproof of the synonymy can be forthcoming, it is
imperative that Stephens' synonymy should be accepted. Treitschke's
contention (Schmett. Europe, Vol. IX, Part II, p. 39, 1832) that
dorsella Fabricius is synonymous with Tinea falcclla Hubner (D. &
Sch.) (Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wien. Gegend, ]). 112, 1775) cannot be
sustained, owing to the priority of Stephens' determination, even if
there was as much reason for Treitschke's belief as for Stephens', which,
however, is not the case. Neither does Curtis' statement (Brit. Ent ,
Vol. IX, p. 420, 1832) that xylostella Linn, is the type of Cerosioma
have any weight. Duponchel (Cat. Lep. Europe, p. 350, 1844),
Herrich-Schaffer (Europe. Schmett., V, p. 41, 1853) and other subse-
quent writers followed Treitschke in \Ad,QXw^ dorsella Fabricius as syn-
onym oifalcella Hubner, but without giving the necessary evidence.

In any classification of the species comprised at present under the
genus Cerosfoma, the name Cerosioma must thus be retained for the
group in which vittella Linne is found.

Hiibner's genus Ha7'pipteryx (Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 407, 1816)
contained originally four species, of which Zeller made the one, por-
ficella, type of a new genus Holoscolia (Isis, p. 190, 1839).

The other three are congeneric and the name Harpipteryx must
therefore stand for the genus of which these three species : hamella
Hubner =: nemorella Linne, harpella Schiff. =: xylostella Linne, and
falcella Schiff., are to this day the principal best known species.
Xylostella may, as suggested by Lord Walsingham (Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1 88 1, p. 309), be regarded as the type of this genus, of which
Perielymenohiiis Wallengren (Ent. Tidskrift, I, p. 61, 1880) is an
unquestionable synonym, as it contained the same three species and
no more. Hiibner's generic name Tlieristis has inconsistently been

March, 1903.] BUSCK : NOTES ON Vl'ONOMEUTlU.E. 47

retained by nearly all subsequent writers. It should stand for the genus
at present represented by the single species iiiucronella Scopoli.

Wallengren also correctly divided the remaining European species
in two genera under the names Credcmiion and 1 railioma, of which
sylve/la Linne and asperella I ,inpe relatively may be regarded as types.

The first of these names should be drop])ed for Hiibner's name
Abebcea (Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 408, 1816), which may ajjproiHi-
ately be restricted to this groujj.

The Cerostoina group as here treated may briefly be defined as
including all Plutellidne with veins 6 and 7 in hindwing stalked.
The genera have the following characters in common. Labial palpi
with more or less developed porrected tuft on the underside of second
joint ; terminal joint i)ointed. Maxillary j)alpi present, moderately
developed, appressed or porrected.*

Forewings more or less elongate, apex often produced or falcate ;
12 veins, 7 to termen, i /' furcate at base; veins 7 and 8 stalked or
separate, this character does not seem to have generic value in this
group, while the relative position of veins 2 and 3 in the forewing on
the contrary is found to furnish a good character.

Hindwings about as broad or somewhat broader than forewings ;
costal edge nearly straight, dorsal edge evenly and but slightly rounded,
without sinuation below^ the apex, which is more or less jjointed ;
veins 6 and 7 long-stalked, all other veins separate. Tibia of hind
legs smooth.

The genera may be separated by the following table:

Forewings with erect scales 1

Forewings smooth 2

1. Veins 2 and 3 in forewings separate Trachoma Walleiti^reen

Veins 2 and 3 in forewings stalked Therestis Hubncr

2. Brush on second joint of labial palpi at most as long as terminal joint.

Cerostoma LiUreil/f

Brush on second joint longer than terminal joint 3

3. Forewing sickle-shaped; veins 2 and 3 connate Harpipteryx Hiibncr

Forewings not sickle-shaped; veins 2 and 3 distant Abebsea liulmer

* Herrich-Schaeffer, Heinemann and other European writers state that the mav-
illary palpi are absent in the genus Tlwrestis and this belief has probably been the
principal reason why this genus alone has been retained separate; but the maxillary
palpi are merely obscured from view by the strongly developed labial palpi andean be
found by removing them. They are about as well developed as in any of the other
genera of the group.

48 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Cerostoma Latreille.

Forewings narrow elongate, more'than 314 times longer than broad, smooth, 12
veins, 7 and 8 stalked or separate, 7 to termen, 2 and 3 separate. Tuft on second
joint of labial palpi broad and blunt, shorter than terminal joint. Ocelli present.

Type : vittella LiNN.

Hereto belong presumably all of the European species listed by-
Rebel (Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., 11, p. 138, 1901J,
between vittella Linne and leuconotella Snellen, inclusive. A few of
these species are unknown to me except from description.

The American species, known at present, may be separated thus :

Forewings with distinct blackish second discal dot I

Forewings without such dot 2

1. With blackish streak above the fold aleutianella .i5^«</.'

Without such streak unicipunctella, sp. nov.

2. With longitudinal black streaks 3

Without longitudinal black streaks 6

3. With continuous broad black streak from base to apex schwarziella, sp. nov.

Without such streak 4

4. Ground color pure white Striatella, sp. nov.

Ground color not white 5

5 . Head ochreous manella, sp. nov.

Head black and white barberella, sp. nov.

6. Head pure white angelicella, sp. nov.

Head not white 7

7. Alar expanse less than 19 mm 8

Alar expanse more than 21 mm 9

8. Membrane between veins li and 12 in forewing sthickened radiatella Don.y

Membrane not thickened rubrella Dyar

9. Forewings light olive brown olivella, sp. nov.

Forewings dark purplish-brown arizonella, sp. nov.

Cerostoma unicipunctella, sp. nov.

Antennae white, dotted with dark brown. Labial palpi on the outside dark fus.
cous, striated transversely with white, underside and inside of second joint silvery
white ; brush small ; terminal joint thickened in front with rough scales. Maxillary
palpi small, porrected, dark fuscous. Face, head, thorax and anterior wings unicol.
ored, pale olive buff with golden reflections ; at the end of the cell is a conspicuous
black round dot and a few scattered black scales are found especially in the apical
part of the wing. Cilia concolorous with wing except the extreme dorsal part, which
is white. Hindwings light silvery gray, deepening toward the edges ; cilia whitish
fuscous. Legs fuscous, tarsi blackish. Alar expanse, 23 mm.

Habitat : Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 6751.

March, 1903.] BuSCK : NoTES ON YPONOMPX'TID.E. 49

Cerostoma aleutianella Beiitenmiillcr.

Cfrosloiiia nU'uliant-lin liKU rKNMri.UEK, Can. Ent., XXI, p. 27, 18S9.
Cerostoma aleutianella Rii.EY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5197, 1891.
Cerostomi aletifianella Dyar, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 4I, 19CO ; Bull. U. S.
Nat. Museum, 52, No. 5498, 1903.

The uni(iue type of the species is in U. S. National Museum, type
No. 42S.

Hijbitat : Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
Cerostoma angel icella, sp. nov.

Antennre white with sharp black aniiulalioiis. Palpi, head and thorax white ;
shoulders yellowish. Forewings white with striking fawn-brown ornamentation.
Extreme costal base brown ; at basal third of costa begins a broad brown band curved
downwards and outwards, which reaches the costal edge again at the middle of the
wing and encloses a small semicircular white costal spot. At its lowest point this
band approaches and sometimes joins a dorsal brown spot, which begins at the base
of the wing and curves upwards at basal third. On the middle of the dorsal edge
begins an outwardly oblique brown streak ending on the end of the cell in an in-
wardly curved hook. This streak sometimes connects with a large more or less
y-shaped brown costal marking at apical third, which encloses a small triangular
white costal spot and which nearly reaches across the wing to a small brown spot at
the anal angle. Apex and a marginal spot below apex brown. The markings are
sharply defined and edged with slightly darker scales of brown.

Six specimens, from which I have described this species, show some variation in
the shade as well as in the form of the brown markings. In one specimen they are
quite dark brown ; in the otJiers, which seem as well preserved, though they may be
faded, the markings are light golden brown. Cilia white with brown pencils in the
apical part. Hindwings shining ochreous white ; cilia yellowish. Legs and under-
side of body white, tarsi slightly dusted with dark scales. Alar expanse, 19-22 mm.

Habitat: Los Angeles, California (Co(iuillett ).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 6765.

Cerostoma oliviella, sp. nov.

.\ntenn;\: sdvery white with narrow dark brown annulations. Labial palpi yel-
lowish-brown, mottled on the outside with dark brown scales ; tuft small, terminal
joint roughened in front. Head and thorax light brown. Forewings olive-brown,
closely and uniformly sprinkled with dark purplish-brown or blackish atoms, which
give the wings a purplish sheen. On the fold is a small deep black spot and at the
end of the cell is a small aggregation of black scales, hardly forming a defined
spot. Cilia yellowish. Hindwings light silvery fuscous; cilia yellowish. Legs
light brown mottled with black. Alar expanse, 21. 5 mm.

Habitat: Williams, Arizona ( Schwarz and Barber).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 6752.

50 Journal Nf.w York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix

Cerostoma arizonella, sp. nov.

Antennje dark brown. Labial palpi on the inside light brown, on the outside
strongly mottled with blackish scales ; tuft on second joint small, terminal joint thickened
with rough scales anteriorly. Head and thorax light ochreous brown. Ground color
of forewings rather light brown, but thickly overlaid on the costal three fourths with
deep brown and dark purple scales so as to obscure the ground color except along
the dorsal edge. The fold is indicated by being rather more profusely overlaid with
dark purple scales and at the end of the cell is a small aggregation of closely placed
dark purple scales, hardly forming a defined dot. Irregularly scattered over the wing
both in the dark portion and in the light dorsal part are a few single black scales and
still fewer single white scales. Cilia light brown. Hindwing silvery fuscous ; cilia
a shade darker than the edge of the wing. Legs dark purplish fuscous, tarsi with a
narrow white annulation at the end of each joint. Alar expanse, 22 mm.

Habitat: Williams; Arizona (Schwarz and Barber).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 6753.

Cerostoma radiatella Donovan.

Sinea radiatella DoNOVAN, Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins., HI, p. 14, pi. 77, figs. 3 and
4, 1794.

Cerostoma radiatella Rei'.el, Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., H, No.
2466, 1 90 1.

Pluteloptera ochrella Chambers, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. iSl,
1880.

Cerastoma radiatella Walsingham, Proc. Zool. .Soc. Lond. , p. 303, 18S1.

Cerostoma radiatella Walsingham, Ins. Life, I, p. 287, 1889.

Cerostoma radiatella RiLEY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5193, 1S91.

Cerostoma radiatella Dyar, Can. Ent. , XXXII, p. 41, I900.

Cerostoma radiatella Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 52, No. 5500, 1903.

Lord Walsingham recorded this exceedingly variable species from
California and established the synonymy of Chambers' Pluteloptera
ochrella.

In U. S. National Museum are specimens from Williams, Arizona
( Schwarz and Barber ), which I cannot distinguish from some varie-
ties of this species, a good European series of which is also in the
Museum.

They have the peculiarity, mentioned by Meyrick, of the thickened
area between veins 11 and 12 in the forewings.

Cerostoma rubrella Dyar.

Cerostoma rubrella Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, p. 404, 1902.
Cerostoma rubrella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5501, 1903.

The type ( U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 6763 ) and a good bred series
of this species is in the National Museum.

March, 1903.J BUSCK : NOTES ON YPONOMEUTIDiE. 51

The species is certainly quite distinct from radiatclla which is
clearly proven by the absence of any thickened costal membrane in
the forewing.

Habitat : Colorado.

Food-plant : Berberis repcns.

Cerostoma barberella, sp. nov.

AiitennK dark fuscous with a few scattered white scales especially toward apex.
Labial palpi black, mottled with light ochreous and white scales; brush on second
joint well developed but shorter than terminal joint which is strongly roughened in
front. Head and thorax dark pepper and salt colored, black, white and light ochreous
fuscous scales being about evenly mixed. Forewings with light whitish steel-gray
ground color, strongly overlaid with black and dark fuscous scales ; extreme base of
costa black ; an interrupted deep black streak begins at basal third, and runs in the
middle of the wing to apex ; other short longitudinal black dashes especially towards
the edges give a streaked appearance to the wing when looked at with the naked
eye. Cilia ochreous fuscous. Hindwings shining dark fuscous, nearly black towards
the edges ; cilia light fuscous. Abdomen dark purplish fuscous. Legs nearly black
with strong purple reflection ; tarsi with a narrow white annulation at the end of each
joint. Alar expanse, 24 nnn.

Habitat : Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber), U. S. National
Museum, type No. 6756.

Cerostoma schwarziella, sp. nov.

Antenna^ dark fuscous. Labial palpi on the outside clothed with blackish-brown
light tipped scales, on the inside with light ochreous scales ; tuft short ; terminal
joint thickened with rough scales in front. Head and thorax light brown, .shoulders
slightly darker, purplish-brown. Forewings light brown, sparsely sprinkled with
dark fuscous scales ; from the base of costa to apex of the wing is a straight deep
purplish-black streak, broadest at about basal third and slightly attenuated toward
the tip of the wing ; along and just inside the dorsal edge is another much less promi-
nent, narrower deep black longitudinal streak from base to tornus. Sprinkled in its
entire length but especially toward tornus with single white scales. Cilia whitish
ochreous. Hindwing silvery fuscous, blackish toward apex ; cilia light ochreous
fuscous. Legs ochreous, mottled with black. Abdomen ochreous, sprinkled with
black ; ovipositor protruded, horny, with spare long hairs. Alar expanse, 23 mm.

Habitat: Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber). Also a spe-
cimen from Argus Mts., Arizona (Koebele). U. S. National Museum,
type No. 6754.

Cerastoma manella, sp. nov.

Antennae light fuscous. Labial palpi blackish fu.scous on the outside, on the in-
side light ochreous; tuft on second joint small ; terminal joint thickened with rough
scales anteriorly.

52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xl

Face, head and thorax light ochreous fuscous, with single blackish scales inter-
spersed ; shoulders darker, purplish. Forewings whitish fuscous with a violet or sil-
very sheen and sprinkled with light brown, dark fuscous and black scales.

The brown scaling is confined to the costal and apical half of the wing ; the
dark scales are arranged in poorly defined short longitudinal streaks especially towards
the costal edge and towards apex, which produce a veined effect ; fold and area
around tornus nearly free from dark scales. Cilia whitish ochreous. Hind wings
light silvery fuscous ; cilia ochreous fuscous. Abdomen silvery fuscous, sprinkled with
black. Legs whitish fuscous. Alar expanse, 22 ram.

Habitat: Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber). U. S. Na-
tional Museum, type No. 6755.

Cerostoma striatella, sp. nov.

Antenna3 white towards the apex with dark brown annulations. Labial palpi,
especially second joint, unusually short for the genus ; brush very short ; terminal joint
thickened with rough scales ; white with a few dark scales on third joint. Head and
thorax white, a narrow black streak on the shoulders. Forewings dull chalky white
with narrow more or less interrupted purplish-black longitudinal streaks, best defined
in apical half of the wing and radiating somewhat from the end of the cell towards
costal and dorsal edge. Dorsal edge below the fold only sparsely sprinkled with dark
scales. Cilia white, tipped with black. Hindwings whitish towards the edges, light
ochreous fuscous ; cilia white ; abdomen white, mottled above with dark fuscous ;
ovipositor protruded, horny, stout. Legs whitish, slightly mottled with fuscous.
Alar expanse, 23 mm.

Habitat: Los Angeles, California (Koebele). U. S. National
Museum, type No. 6757.

Abebaea Hilbner.

Forevving shorter and broader than in the foregoing genus, less
than three and a half times longer than broad; smooth; 12 veins, 7
and 8 separate or stalked, 7 to termen, 2 and 3 separate. Tuft on
second joint of labial palpi well developed, compressed, pointed,
longer than terminal joint. Wallengren, Heinemann and other
European writers have stated that the ocelli are absent in this group ;
this is at least not always correct, and even the European species have
ocelli. Thus one of Wallengren' s distinguishing characters for this
genus (his genus Credemnon) is spoiled and I admit that I should
hardly have given this group generic value if it had not been done by
others before me. However the long-pointed brush on second joint
of labial palpi, the broader wings and a certain undefinable general
habitus prove that it is a natural division at least of the foregoing
genus and afford sufficient help to distinguish it from the other natural
division to which the name Cerostoma is restricted.

March, 1903.] BUSCK : NOTES ON YPONO.MEUTID/E. 53

Type: syIveUa\Xx\x\^i. Of European species, only -fi7?r//</ Linne,
Iticella Fabricius and alpella Schiffermuller belong to this genus.
The American species may be separated by the following table :

Forewings with broad white longitudinal streak from base to apex 1

Forewings without such streak 3

1. Apical part of the forewings with black marking 2

Apical part of forewings pure white COCkerella, sp. nov.

2. Forewings of same color above and below white streak gerdanella, sp. nov. .

Forewings differently colored above and below white streak.

delicatella, sp. nov. ,

3. Forewings with narrow white longitudinal lines nella, sp. nov.

Forewings without such lines 4

4. Forewings without any dark markings, head and top of tliora.\ white.

sublucella Wals. '

Forewings with more or less dark ornamentation, head and thorax not white 5

5. Forewings with subobsolete blackish longitudinal streak towards apex.

cervella JVu/s.

Forewings without such streak 6

6. Forewings with two faint oblique parallel dark dorsal streaks and one perpendic-

ular to these querciella, sp. nov.

Forewings without such streaks subsylvella /Frz/j.

Abebfea gerdanella, sp. nov.

Antenna; white, dotted with black scales above. Labial palpi white, sprinkled
with sparse black scales on the outside; tuft on second joint longer than terminal
joint. P'ace, head and thorax white; shoulders yellowish. Forewings light golden
brown with white and black markings. In the middle of the wing from base to apex
is a broad white streak, slightly edged with black on both sides from base to end of
cell ; there it broadens out gradually and covers entire apical part of the wing, but is
obscured by longitudinal black streaks covering the intervals between the apical
veins and leaving the veins indicated by narrow white lines. Extreme costal edge
is slightly touched with black ; basal part of dorsal edge whitish. Cilia white with
four narrow black transverse lines m apical part. Hindwings light silky ochreous ;
cilia whitish ; legs and underside of body white, sparsely mottled with single black
scales. Alar expanse, 18 mm.

Habitat: Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at light, May (Cockerell).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 6758.

Abebasa delicatella, sp. nov.

Labial palpi white, second joint sprinkled with a few black scales on the out-
side, terminal joint with a small black spot at base ; tuft on second joint com-
pre.ssed, pointed, longer than the terminal joint. Head and thorax white. The dor-
sal half of the forewings from base to tornus dark reddish-brown, with strong purple
reflections, lighter, more yellowish on the dorsal edge, gradually becoming darker
and more purple towards the middle of the wing. Bordering this dorsal part, the

54 Journal New York Enio.mological Society. [Voi.xi.

edge of which is sharply defined as a straight central line, is a longitudinal pure
white streak. Above this the costal part of the wing is bright golden yellow. The
costal yellow part is produced somewhat farther out in the apical part of the wing
than is the darker dorsal color, which stops abruptly at tornus. The apical part of
the wing is white, delicately mottled with black, each scale having a thin curved
black edge. Cilia white, each scale with a straight black edge. Hindwings light
silvery ochreous, slightly darker, fuscous towards apex ; cilia whitish. Legs white,
the anterior two pairs mottled with black. Alar expanse, l6 mm.

Habitat : Yuma County, Arizona. U. S. National Museum, type
No. 6759.

I am indebted to my friend, Mr. Wi-n. D. Kearfott for the type
of this species. Cotype is in his collection.

Abebaea cockerella, sp. nov.

Antennae white, each joint with dark fuscous spot in front. Labial palpi white ;
tuft on second joint longer than the short terminal joint. F'ace, head and thorax
white with a slight yellowish tint ; shoulders very light golden brown. Forewings
shinincr silvery white ; from base to tornus along and crossing fold is a broad very
light golden brown streak and just below the costal edge is another similar nar-
rower golden streak. Apical edge touched with brown ; cilia white. Hindwing
light silvery fuscous ; cilia white. Legs and underside of body white. Alar ex-
panse, 21 mm.

Habitat: Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at light, April (T. D. A.
Cockerell). U. S. National Museum, type No. 6760.
Abebsea nella, sp. nov.

Antennie white with narrow sharp black annulations. Lahiial palpi dark canary
yellow with the short terminal joint light yellow. Face and head whitish-yellow.
Thorax fawn brown. Forewings fawn brown with a faint central streak from base
to middle of cell, canary yellow and with apical part of costal edge touched with
yellow. At the base just above the yellow streak start three narrow longitudinal
lines of bluish-white scales, each of which has the central part black ; at the end ©f
the cell the lower of these lines divides into several, following the apical veins; on
the fold is a similar but not so well defined line of white black-spotted scales. The
entire wing has strong violet reflections. Cilia light fawn-colored. Hindwings
rather dark purplish fuscous ; cilia yellowish. Legs and underside of body golden
white, sprinkled with black ; anterior tarsi blackish. Alar expanse, 21 mm.

Habitat: Williams, Arizona, July (Schwarz and Barber). U.S.
National Museum, type No. 6761.
Abebcea sublucella Walsingham.

Cerostoiiia subhiLclla Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 308, pi. XXXV,
fig. 9, 1881.

Cerostoma sublucella RiLEY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 519, 1S91.

Cerostoma sublucella Dyak, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 4I, I900.

Cerostoma sublucella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 52, No. 5495, 1903.

March, 1903.] BuscK : Notes on Yponomeutid.e. 55

One cotype $ of this species received from Lord Walsingham is in
U. S. National Museum.
Habitat: California.

Abebaea cervella ]\\ilsiu;^hain.

Cerostoiua ceifella Wai.si.\i;iiam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 307, pi. XX.W,
fig. 8, 1881.

Cerostoma cervella Wai.singham, Insect Life, I, p. 287, 1889.
Cerostoma ccn'ella RiLEY, Smith'.s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5195, 1891.
Cerostoma cervella Dyar, Can. Knt., XXXII, p. 41, 1900.
Cerostoma ceii'ella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5496, 1903.

Cotype <? of this species from California received from Lord
Walsingham is in U. S. National Museum.

Also a large series collected by Messrs. Schwarz at Barber at Wil-
liams, Arizona.

Abebaea subsylvella Walsiiii^liani.

Cerostoma subsyb'ella Walsingham, Insect Life, I, p. 2S7, 1889.
Cerostoma subsylvella RiLEY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5196, 1891.
Cerostoma subsylvella Dyar, Can. Ent., XX.XII, p. 41, 1900.
Cerostoma subsylvella DVAR, Bull. U. .S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5497, 1903.

A cotype received from Lord Walsingham is in U. S. National
Museum.

Habitat : Vancouver Island, B. C.

In the Museum under this species is also a fine series bred from
Querais agrifolia in Alameda Co., California, by Mr. A. Koebele,
which differs from Walsingham's type and description in being
mottled more strongly and with blacker scales. I leave these speci-
mens under this species with some hesitation, f considering these dif-
ferences and the different locality, since they exhibit some variations
and possess the general markings of the type.
Abebaea querciella, sp. nov.

Antenniv white with black annulations. Labial palpi on the outside light brown,
on the inside whitish ; tuft longer than terminal joint, which is white. Face and
head canary yellow. Thorax light reddish-brown. Forewiiigs light golden brown,,
lightest, more yellowish along the costal edge and with strong silvery and greenish
reflections. On the dorsal edge are two faint parallel outwardly obli<iue darker
brown streaks one at basal third and one at the middle of the wing, reachiiig beyond
the fold and two other subobsolete streaks perpendicular to tliese, all together form-
ing a faint inverted open W. Cilia yellowish-brown. Hindwings light ochreous
fuscous ; cilia whitish. Legs and underside of body golden white. Alar expanse,
16 mm.

56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Habitat : Williams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber).

Food-piant : Qiiercus.

U. S. National Museum, type No. 6762.

Described from a bred specimen. x\ series of less perfect, evi-
dently somewhat rubbed specimens collected by the same gentlemen
at the same, locality are before me. They are much lighter, more
violaceous and white, suffused with light canary yellow ; but they
have the same peculiar "W" marking and are probably at most a
variety of this species.
Harpipteryx HUbiicr.

Forewings rather broad with apex greatly produced and bent backwards, sickle-
shaped ; no erect scales ; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to tennen, 2 and 3 connate or
stalked. Labial palpi with strongly developed porrected tuft which is more than
twice as long as terminal joint. Maxillary palpi moderate. Ocelli probably present
in all the species though obscured by the scales and difficult to discern in some.
Heinemann and Wallengren state that they are absent.

Type: xylostclla Linne.. The European species belonging to this
genus are nemorella Linne, bhuidella Christoph, falcclla Hiibner,
xylostella Linne and affiiiitella Staudinger.

The known American species may be separated thus :

Apical half of costal edge of forewings dark purplish -brown I

Entire costal edge canary yellow canariella IVals.

I. Light dorsal area of forewings with strong upward projection into dark part of

forewing dentiferella //'' Is.

Light dorsal area without such projection frustella Wals.

Harpipteryx canariella Wahingham.

Ceroslotita canariella W.-vlsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 309, pi.
XXXV, fig. II, 1881.

Periclymenobius canarielhis RiLEY, Smith's List Bor. Am., No. 5240, jSgi.
Periclymenobius canarielhis Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 548S, 1903.

Cotype received from' Lord Walsingham is in the U. S. National
Museum ; also other specimens from California.
Harpipteryx dentiferella Walsingham.

Cerostoiiia dentiferella Walsingh.\m, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 308, pi.
XXXV, fig. 10, iSSi.

Periclymenobius drntiferellus'Kw.YX , Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5205, 1S91.
Pertclymtnohiits dentiprellus Dyar, Bull.. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5489, 1903

Cotype of this species received from Lord Walsingham is in the U.
S. National Museum.
Habitat: California.

March, 1903.] BUSCK : NOTES ON YPONOMEUTID.t. 57

Harpipteryx frustella irci/siii^ha/n.

Cerostoma frustdla Walsingham, I'roc. /oul. Soc. London, p. 309, pi. XXXV,
12, 18S1.

Periclymenobitis frustellus RlLEV, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5203, 1S91.
Periclymenobius frtistellus DvAR, Bull. U. S. Nat. Miis., 52, No. 5487, 1903.

Cotypes received from Lord Walsingham are in U. S. National
Museum.

Hahitat : California.

Trachoma Walleni:;reu.

f'orewings elongate, apex slightly produced, teimen more or less sinuated,
tornus rounded ; with erect scale tufts ; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked or separate, 2 and
3 separate. Labial palpi with large dense projecting tuft, longer than terminal joint.
Ma.xillary palpi moderate. (J)celli present.

Type : asperella, Linne. To this genus belong the following
European species : persicella Fabricius, asperella Linne, falculella
Erschoff, scahrella Linne and liorridella Treitscke.

The American species at present known may be separated thus :

Forewings with short oblique white streak at the end of tlie cell senex Wah.

Forewings without such streak I

I. General color of forewings brownish falciferella Wals.

General color of forewings grayish walsinghamiella, sp. nov.

Trachoma falciferella Walsingham.

Ccroiloma fahiferella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 307, pi.
XXXV, fig. 7, 1881.

Trachoma falciferella RiLEY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5201, 1891.
Trachoma falciferella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5491, I903.

Cotypes of the species from California, received from Lord Wal-
singham are in the U. S. National Museum. Lord Walsingham also
recorded this species from Oregon.

Trachoma walsinghamiella, sp. nov.

Cerostoma instabilella Walsingham (nee Mann), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
306, 1882.

Trachoma instabilella RiLEY, Smith's List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5200, 1891.

Trachoma instabilella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5490, 1903.

Antennae whitish, sharply annulated with black. Labial palpi with tuft on sec-
ond joint very long, more than twice as long as terminal joint, porrected, whitish,
thickly mottled with black. Face and head whitish-gray with a few black scales ;
thorax light iron gray with a central longitudinal darker, blackish line. Fore-
wings light bluish-gray, overlaid with white, light ochreous, dark gray and black
scales. The dark and light scales are so arranged in narrow longitudinal undefined

58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

lines as to give the wing an indistinct striated appearance. The extreme dorsal edge
is darker than the rest of the wing, blackish fuscous, and is limited above by a thin
wavy more or less interrupted white line. Above this line in the dorsal part of the
wing are several small tufts of erect black scales. Cilia dark fuscous. Termen of
forevving is hardly sinuate, but the cilia is cut out just below apex and is abruptly
longer at the anal angle, giving the wing a falcate appearance. Hindwings rather
dark shining fuscous ; cilia a shade lighter. Legs and underside of body whitish-
gray, mottled with black scales; tarsi blackish. Alar expanse, 20-25 mm.

Habitat : AVilliams, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber), Mt. Shasta,
California (Walsingham). U. S. National Museum, type No. 6764.

Part of the original series determined by Lord Walsingham as
Cerostoma iiisfabilella Mann is in U. S. National Museum, besides speci-
mens determined at later dates by hiin as Trachoma instabilella. There
are also two perfect, authentic European specimens of Cerostoma in-
stabilella Mann. I am unable to agree with Eord Walsingham in his
determination. His material consisted evidently of flown specimens
with most of the erect scales and the details of the ornamentation ob-
literated, which has affected a superficial resemblance to instabilella
Mann and the record of this southeast European species from America,
a priori highly improbable, is thus not well founded.

It gives me pleasure to name the species in honor of Lord Wal-
singham.

Trachoma senex IValsingham.

Trachoma senex Walsingham, Insect Life, I, p. 288, 1889.

Trachoma senex RiLEY, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5202, 1891.

Trachoma senex Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5492, 1903.
Cerostoma koebelella Dyar, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 40, 1900.
Cerostoma koebelella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, No. 5499, 1903.

Dr. Dyar's unique type of koebelella (type No. 4422) is a Tra-
choma and, though I have no specimens of senex determined by Lord
Walsingham, there is no doubt but that Dr. Dyar's species is identi-
cal with it. It agrees with Lord Walsingham's description, and bears
the same locality label as his type, which he received from the late
Dr. Riley. On the reverse of Dr. Dyar's label is written " Ceros-
toma, unnamed. Wlsm., 1886," which shows that Dr. Riley sent a
specimen to Lord Walsingham, who subsequently described the species.

Habitat : California.
Theristis Hiibner.

Forewings very long and narrow ; apex strongly produced, with erect scale tufts,
12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to ternum, 2 and 3 connate. Tuft on second joint of

March, 1903.] BUSCK : NOTES ON YPONO.M EUTID.«. 59

labial palpi very long, porrected ; terminal joint short. Maxillary palpi present,
moderately developed, appressed and obscured from view by the labial palpi. Ocelli
absent ?

No American species has as yet been discovered and the genus is
represented at present by the single European species mucroyiella Sco-
poli, a good series of which is in the U. S. National Museum.

THE PRICE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AS INFLU-
ENCING THE ABUNDANCE OF SOME INSECTS.

By F. M. Web.ster.

The economic entomologist sometimes meets with curious and far-
reaching relationships in the matter of influences of certain factors that
it would at first seem preposterous to associate with insects at all. The
threadbare story involving the maiden of uncertain age, cats, mice,
bumble-bees and red clover seed, however, sometimes finds a parallel.

That the price of dairy products could have any influence on chinch
bugs, Blissus Iciicoptcrus, or any other species not an animal parasite,
at first seenis improbable, yet such appears to be the case, so closely
are insects connected with some of our industries ; and as a seeming
accentuation of this fact, we have a similar combination of interests in
a different i)art of the country, involving another insect in jjrecisely
the same manner and with the same result.

The dairyman cultivates comparatively little land ; prefers perma-
nent pastures and meadows to crop rotation, for the reason that the
additional labor required to change his crop from grass to grain and
back to grass again increases the expense of his business, without ma-
terially adding to his profits. In the northern i)ortion of the coimtry,
timothy is the favorite, and, in fact, almost universal meadow grass.
In previous numbers of this Journal, I have called attention to the two
forms or races of chinch bugs, and pointed out the partiality of the
eastern or short-winged form for the roots of timothy as a food plant,
while the western or long-winged race seldom attacks this grass, and
never if it can procure other food.

The short-winged or brachypterous race, once it becomes estab-
lished in a timothy meadow, does not leave it, but continues to increase
and lives by extracting the juices from the bulbous root, with the re-
sult that the plant discolors and dies. Timothy meadows, within the

60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

areas inhabited by this short-winged race of chinch bugs, if left for a
long series of years without rotation with cultivated crops, got over-
populated with chinch bugs and the whole meadow is destroyed,
whereas a rotation not only destroys a large number of the bugs but
serves to keep them reduced over large areas of country. In Jefferson
and Essex counties, New York, there is at present a serious outbreak
of these chinch bugs in timothy meadows, and this has occurred in
Ohio in other years. It has been demonstrated that if a crop rotation
is generally carried out in a community, this trouble will be prevented.
In Illinois and some portions of Ohio, the long-winged or macrop-
terous race of chinch bug is the only one present and the timothy
meadows, even of long standing, do not suffer from their ravages. But
over such areas, the long standing meadows of the dairyman are at-
tacked by other insects, and, though these are in no manner related
to the chinch bug, the results are precisely the same. After a couple
of years the insects become so abundant as to kill out the timothy
entirely, and not only this, but where corn is planted on these grounds,
if plowed in spring, the young corn plants are frequently entirely
destroyed by the pests that have developed in the field the previous
summer. In this case the insect causing the destruction is Spheno-
phorus parviihis, which deposits its eggs in the bulbous roots of the
timothy and the larvse hatching from these eat out the interior of the
roots, killing the grass. In some parts of Ohio I have found this insect
very destructive to timothy meadows of several years' standing, besides
frequently destroying the young corn the following spring, if this was
planted. There are some indications that the insect is becoming more
numerous and menacing the corn crop over considerable areas. Dr.
Forbes has found that in some sections of Illinois, in meadows of two
years' standing, from ten to twenty per cent, of the roots were affected
and in those that have stood three or four years, from fifty to seventy -
five per cent, are affected, but in any case, if the land be fall plowed,
the beetles will leave the field and not attack the crop that follows the
next year.

Thus, lucrative prices for dairy products stimulates dairying ; this
increases the area of timothy meadows and tends to their continuance
for a series of consecutive years. This increases the abundance of
these insects and consequently the magnitude of their ravages.

JOURNAL

J}f\a ]9ork ^Intoraologiral HoriFtg.

Vol. XI. JUNE, 1903. No. 2.

COCCIDiE OF THE CONIFERiE, WITH THE DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF TEN NEW SPECIES
FROM CALIFORNIA.

Bv George A. Coleman.
Stankord University, California.

This paper includes the descriptions of ten new species of Cocci-
dae and a list of additional species, all found on conifers in California,
a host list showing the distribution of these various coniferous species
in the state with the Coccidce found on each, some brief notes on the
economic status of these conifer-infesting Coccida;, and a complete
list of all other records of Coccidae on coniferous hosts in the world.
The collections of, and notes on, the Coccidre of the California coni-
fers were mostly made in the summer of 1901, during a special trip
for the purpose, extending for about one thousand miles through the
forests of the northern California coast region. The journey was
made on foot with the camp equipment borne on pack animals, so
that trails through the heart of the forests and back and forth over
the mountain crests could be made. The trip extended through the
most important timber region of the state, including parts, or all, of
the range of twenty-five species of conifers.

I wish to express my thanks to Professors W. R. Dudley and V.
L. Kellogg, of Stanford University, for placing funds at my disposal
for the expenses of the trip ; to Mr. T. H. Pergande, for comparison
of some of my specimens with those in the collection of the Division
of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agric. ; to Mr. Edw. M. Ehrhorn

62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

for material collected by him and for helpful suggestions, and to Mr.
T. D. A. Cockerell for kindly reviewing my MS. and specimens, as
well as for valuable notes included, with their source indicated, in
this paper.

This paper was prepared in the Entomological Laboratory of Stan-
ford University, under the direction of Professor V. L. Kellogg.

Phenacoccus kuwanae, sp. nov.

Female and Ovisac. — Length about 2.5 mm.; ovisac yellowish- white, short ob-
long, smooth.

Adult Female. — Length 1.6 mm., width .9 mm.; color yellowish- white ; body
sparsely covered with a yellowish- white powder ; slightly hairy ; a great many minute
short spines scattered evenly over each segment ; a single gland orifice on the lat-
eral margin of each segment ; last segment with lateral, marginal groups of several
rather long, slender spines, near the base of which are grouped several large gland
orifices; just beneath this group there arises a very long hair, with a shorter one on
either side near its base. Anal ring with six long, stout hairs. Legs (Plate V, Fig.
i) rather long and slender; tarsus (65//) about one half as long as tibia (30|U),
well armed with long slender hairs; claw long (7//), slightly curved, with a dis-
tinct notch ; two stout digitules on ventral side of claw ; I have been able to see but
one digitule on the tarsus, but presume they are both there. Antennre (Plate V,
Fig. 2), length .7 mm.; nine-segmented, formula, 9, (2, 3,) 5, 8, ( i, 6, 7,) 4;
measurements, I (12), 2 (22), 3 (20), 4 (10), 5 (13), 6 (12), 7 (12), 8 (13), 9
(25). Each segment with several long, slender hairs as indicated in the figure.

Eggs. — Very light yellow.

Habitat. — Discovered by the author on a species of lichen growing
on the weeping spruce, Picea bretueriana, on the east side, near the
sunimit of the Salmon Mountains, about ten miles west of Salmon
Forks, Siskiyou Co., California, August 3, 1901. Only a few speci-
mens were found.

Named for Mr. S. I. Kuwana, of Stanford University.

Type specimen in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.
Dactylopius andersoni, sp. nov.

Female with Ovisac. — Length about 6 mm.; ovisac white, oblong, very convex,
transversely convoluted and longitudinally bisected by a dorso-median groove.

Adult Female. — Length 3.3 mm., width 1.6 mm.; color lead-gray, covered
with heavy white powder ; marginal appendages short ; caudal filaments short and
stout. Body sparingly covered with rather long and stout hairs ; a few minute gland
openings scattered over the surface, with one larger one on each lateral margin, of
each segment ; last two abdominal segments armed with marginal groups of two
stout spines ; last segment with a long stout hair arising just laterad of each group of
spines. Anal ring with six long, stout hairs. Legs (Plate V, Fig. 3) short and

June, 1903] COLKM.W : CoCCID.E OF THE CoNIlER.t:, 03

Stout, not reaching beyond the margin of the body ; tarsus one third as long as tlie
tibia ; claw stout ; the four digitules present, ventral pair very stout ; tibia and tarsus
armed with numerous long hairs ; a single short spine on the inner margin of tibia
near the distal end. Antennre (Plate V. Fig. 4), about .5 mm. in length, eight-
segmented, formula, 8, 3, 2, I, 5, 4 (6, 7) ; each segment with numerous hairs.

Habitat. — Discovered by the author on Cupressus t^oveniana, in the
southern part of Lake Co., California, June 21, 1901. Found by
Mr. M. P. Anderson and the author, on Lilwcednis decurrens, in Scott
Valley, Siskiyou Co., Cal., in August, 1901.

In both localities mentioned the trees on which the specimens
were found were in well-protected, warm little nooks, in the first in-
stance in a little ravine about halfway down the mountain side, in the
second, just at the edge of the valley and at the foot of a dry hill.

JVote. — Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn and the author made a careful
comparison of specimens of this species with specimens of D. rya?n
in his collection. While we find some resemblance, there are also
many marked differences, viz., the ovisac of £>. ryani is a rather
shapeless fluffy mass, while that of D. andersoni is perfectly symmet-
rical and of a very solid construction. There is much difference in
the size of the two species and in the antennre, as will be seen by the
following table :

D. andersoiii, antenna;, i (22), 2 (26), 3 (27), 4 (16), 5 (20),

6 (15), 7 (15), 8 (35)-

D. ryani, antennae, i (15), 2 (17), 3 (22), 4 (17), 5 (12), 6
(13), 7 (12), 8 (30).

Type specimens in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Dactylopius dudleyi, sp. nov.

Adult Female and Ovisac. — The adult female is usually entirely enclosed in a
very light, fluffy, white ovisac, in which the eggs are embedded at the upper anterior
part, some of the sacs being so loosely constructed that both eggs and female arc vis-
ible from above. As they are of a very irregular shape, it is very hard to give any
e.xact measurement, but they are on an average, about 2.5 mm. in length.

Adult Female (Plate V, Fig. 5). — The adult female is about 1.6 mm. in length
and .6 mm. in width ; color grayish-white ; body covered with fine whitish powder ;
marginal appendages not conspicuous, caudal filaments short. Body covered with
many fine hairs, which are scattered evenly over each segment, each segment densely
pitted with the openings of fine spinning glands, one or two larger ones near the mar-
gin ; all segments with marginal groups of two or three small spines, eighth ab-
dominal segment with one long hair and several shorter ones on each lateral margin,
arising from near the groups of spines, ninth segment armed with marginal groups of

64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

two stout spines ; anal ring with six long hairs; legs (Plate V, Fig. 6) very stout,
tarsus less than half as long as the tibia, well armed with spines and hairs as indi-
cated in the figure ; claw stout, strongly curved, the four digitules present. Anten-
n?e (Plate V, Fig. 7) eight-segmented (some specimens show a tendency of the
eighth segment to divide, see Fig. 7), length .36 mm.; formula, 8 (32), i (20), 2
(i8),3(i6), 5(13), 7(i2),4(ii), 6(10).

Larva ( Plate V, Fig. 8). — The newly hatched larvce are of a transparent whitish
color and about .9 mm. in length; antennre seven-segmented, formula, 7, 3, i, 2
(4, 6), 5. Legs about the same as in the adult female, except more slender; body
hairs, spinning glands, spines, etc., as in the adult.

The Egg. — The eggs are rounded oval, dark yellow and about .3 mm. in length.

Male. — Not known as yet.

Habitat. — In April, 1901, a few specimens of this species were
discovered by the author, on some herbarium specimens of Cupressus
viacnabiana, which were collected by Professor W. R. Dudley, of
Stanford University, near Clear Creek, four and one half miles west
of Shasta P. O., Shasta Co., Cal., July 19, 1899. As Cupressus
macnabiana is a very rare cypress, being known but from three or
four localities in the state, I paid a visit to the locality above men-
tioned, Aug. 29, 1 90 1, and found the adult, with young insects very
abundant.

The trees on which this coccid are found are situated at an ele-
vation of about one thousand feet in a little flat, in a dry, sandy,
chalky soil, and consists of about a dozen small trees, not more than
ten feet in height. Several of these trees were literally covered with
the insects and none was free from them. This is the only locality
from which they have been obtained.

Named for Professor W. R. Dudley, of Stanford University.

Note. — D. ryani Coq., also found on cypress in California is not
the same, it having the last antennal joint 99 ;/ ; penultimate joint
47 p.. It is also larger and differently colored. (Ckll.)

Type specimens in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.
Aspidiotus californicus, sp. nov.

Scale of Female. — Length about 2 mm., width about l mm.; oblong-oval and
rather conical in form ; color blackish with pale edges ; exuvii^ central, reddish-
brown. (An examination of hundreds of specimens shows a great variation in form
and size ; where crowded together on the tree they are small and more nearly circu-
lar in outline, but where only a few are on the tree they are larger and more oblong
in shape. ) •

Adult Female. — Length about .9 mm., width about .65 mm.; egg-shaped ; color
light greenish-yellow ; eyes rather large ; antenna; reduced to a single large, flat, circu-

June, T903.] COLEMAN : CoCCID.t OF THE CONll-ER.E. Oa

lar, basal segment bearing a single long heavy spine ; body bearing several rows of
long slender liairs. Characters of abdominal margin as follows ( Plate V, Fig. 9) : there
are four pairs of lobes ; the median pair are well developed, of medium size, rounded,
with a slight lateral notch ; second pair not so long as the median, rounded, but with
outer corner truncate ; third pair inconspicuous, broad, triangular and with terminal
margin serrate ; fourth pair of the same general shape as the third pair but broader
and less conspicuous, terminal margin also serrate ; a single broad plate between
median lobes, with four or five points ; two rather broad plates, with deeply incised
margins, between median and second lobes ; three broad plates, with deeply incised
margins, between second and third lobes ; a broad plate with slightly serrated margin,
followed by two rather narrow plates with deeply incised margins, between third and
fourth lobes ; a large dorsal and ventral spine at the base of each lobe. There are
five groups of spiimerets ; the anterior group consisting of three to five, cephalo-laterals
of about eight, caudo-laterals of two to five. ( I have examined over a hundred speci-
mens from different localities and on different hosts, and find a considerable variation
in the number and grouping of the spinnerets, but the above arrangement seems to
obtain in the majority of cases ; however, where the anterior laterals consist of three
or less, the caudo-laterals correspond.)

Scale pf Male. — Smaller, darker colored and with exuviix; nearer one end than
in the female.

Ailiilt Male. — I have found the adult male in mounting dried specimens but they
were not good enough for description.

Larva. — The newly born larvce are about .3 mm. in length and about .2 mm.
in width; suboval in shape, narrowing anteriorly; color bright yellow; eyes incon-
spicuous; antennae very long, five-segmented, formula, 5, 2, i, 3, 4, segment five
much longer than all the others together, ringed and with several stout hairs ; legs
rather long and stout, femur stout, tibia less than half the length of the tarsus, claw
long and slender and slightly curved, digitules of tarsus and claw, long and slender;
on the last abdominal segment there is a median pair of lobes which are quite con-
spicuous ; between these lobes there are two large tubercles bearing terminal hairs ;
other U)bes, plates and hairs are not well defined.

Habitat and Distribution. — Discovered by the author on Finns sabi-
niana, San Felipe Hills, Mt. Hamilton range, alt. 2,700 feet. June

4, 1901. CobbMt., Lake Co. June 22, 1901. Supply Creek, Hoopa
Valley Indian Reservation, July, 1901 and Scott Valley, Mt. Shasta,
and the upper Sacramento region- on Pinus ponderosa. On Finns
lambertiana (herbarium specimens), Santa I.ucia Peak, and Sugar
Pine Flat, Sierra Nevada Mts. Elevation 7,000 ft.

On Finns attenuata, mts. west of Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co., and

5. E. side of Mt. Shasta, Aug., 1901. On F. ponderosa (herbarium
specimens), Zyanta Creek, Santa Cruz Co.

Type specimen in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.

66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

Aspidiotus florencise, sp. nov.

Scale of -Female. — Length about 3 mm., width I mm., of rectangular shape with
rounded corners, nearly semi-cylindrical ; color light slaty blue, paler at the ends ;
exuviae bright red, usually situated near one end, but sometimes in the middle.

Adult Female. — Length about 1.4 mm., width about .9 mm.; a remarkably
large and elongated body ; antenna reduced to a large conical tubercle, with a long
heavy spine at the base on the inside and a short tubercle on the outside ; body with
several long hairs on and near the lateral margin of each segment, a group of several
on the cephalic margin between the antennae, a few short hairs scattered over the
body. Characters of the abdominal margin as follows (Plate V, Fig. 10) : two pairs
of lobes ; median pair large rounded, without notches (compare with A. calif orfii-
C7ts in the figure) ; second pair small, of about the same shape as the median ; a pair
of gland openings between the median lobes, and a number of others as indicated in
the figure ; a pair of long serrated plates between first and second lobes ; a large, broad,
serrated plate laterad of second lobes ; a dorsal and ventral spine arising at the outer
base of the second lobes, and three more pairs on the lateral margins as indicated in
the figure. Four groups of spinnerets, right hand cephalo-laterals composed of about
seven, left hand cephalo-laterals of three ; right hand caudo -laterals of three, left
hand caudo-laterals of about six or seven (I have examined a number of specimens
and this rather queer arrangement is the same in all of them).

Larva. — The newly born larvae are about .2 mm. long and .1 mm. wide ; an-
tennas five-segmented, formula, 5, 2, i, 3, 4, segment five much longer than all the
others together, transversely ringed, with two long lateral hairs ; legs rather long and
stout, claw slender, slightly curved, digitules present ; last abdominal segment with
two large lobes between which are two short spines and two very long hairs.

Habitat. — Discovered by the author on herbarium specimens of
Pitius ponderosa, Pine Ridge, California.

Named for my wife.

Note. — "These two species {A. califomicus and A. florencice'),
are very close to one another and to A. ahietes (Schr. ) (Syns. /////
Comst., and ahietes Comst. ). They are extremely variable as to the
lobes {calif or /licit s I see may have two or three pairs) and glands, and
it strikes me as possible that the two species are extreme variations
of the one, and that is abietes. However, I can hardly believe this,
especially as the dorsal glands are less numerous in califomicus than
in iiorencia:. It is califoniiciis vihxch. is nearest to abietes ; it probably
is a ' representative species, ' taking the place of abietes in California.

"A. fiorencicc has some resemblance to A. citpressi Ckll. but
cupressi has only one pair of lobes and the anal orifice is much nearer
the hind end than in fiorencice. {Cupressi lives in Mexico, see Biol.
Cent. America. )" (Cockerell.)

Type specimen in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versitv.

June, 1903.] Coleman: Coccid.t, of the Conii er.k. 67

Aspidiotus coniferarum Ckll. var. shastas, var. nov.

Scale of Female. — The outer scale is a thin, transparent, brownish-white cone,
about I mm. in diameter, with a minute yellowish exuvia at the apex ; beneath this
shell there is a thick, opaque, reddish-brown skin, enclosing the insect; there is a
very thin white ventral scale. The outer scale bears such a close resemblance to the
little drops of exuded giun with which the host trees, Ctipressus Macnahiana, are
covered, that it is a very hard matter to distinguish them in the live slate, but they
fall from the dried branches by the hundred.

Adult Female (Plate VI, Fig. 11). — Length .5 mm., width .4 mm.; body
nearly circular in outline ; color light brown ; a very few minute hairs visible ; spines
on the margin as indicated in the figure ; spiracles with club-shaped protuberances ;
antenuLV reduced to stout spines with tubercular base. Characters of abdominal
margin as follows (Plate VI, Fig. 12): a single pair of lobes, which are inconspicuous,
broadly rounded, often apparently fused ; there is a gland opening between these
lobes, with a serrated plate surrounding it, often protruding beyond the lobes (see
Fig. 12); a gland opens also, just at the lateral margin of either lobe, where a slight
conical plate is sometimes visible ; a second and third slight incision, into which
glands also open, are situated above the lobes ; spines as follows : a very small pair
between the median lobes ; five pairs of stouter ones are situated at intervals along
the margin. No groups of spinnerets.

Lai-i'a (Plate \'I, Fig. 13). — The young, which are developed in the body of
the female, are, at birth, about .2 mm. in length, oblong-oval in form, and of a light
lemon-yellow color ; margins of thoracic segments marked by pairs of spines ; lobes
and spines of abdominal segment showing very distinctly ; legs rather long and slender ;
tarsus about three times as long as tibia ; with two very long digitules on the dorsal
side and a stout spine on the ventral side near the distal end ; claw long and slender,
slightly curved, with digitules slightly knobbed. Antennse five-jointed, formula, 5,
I, 2 (3, 4), the fifth is slightly longer than all of the other segments together, with
numerous transverse folds and several long hairs ; the first segment bears one long
hair.

Scale of Male. — I have found small, dark-colored scales along with the female,
which I believe to be the male, but not having found the adult insect or the pupa I
cannot describe it as such.

Habitat. — Discovered by the author, on Cupressus maciiabiana,
at Clear Creek, near Shasta P. O., Shasta Co., Cal., Aug. 29, 1901,
on the same trees with Dactylopiiis diuileyi, where it was also very
abundant.

In going over my material in the laboratory, I find specimens
which have the same general characters as the above species except
that they average much larger, from Cupressus goveniana, collected in
the southern part of Lake Co., Cal., June 21, 1901. I believe them
to be the same species and will so record them until further investi-
gation.

68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xi.

Note. — Prof. T. D. A. Cockerellhas kindly compared this species
with his A. coniferanini and also sent me a slide of his species. After
carefully comparing them, and reading his description in Psyche, I
find the following marked differences : my species is much smaller
and the single pair of lobes are narrower and shorter than in A. coni-
ferarum. I am unable to find in my specimens the second and third
pair of lobes which are described for the above species, and as they
are also from different hosts, I propose it as a variety.

Type specimens in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.
Aspidiotus (subg. Diaspidiotus) ehrhorni, sp. nov.

Scale of Female. — Nearly circular, very slightly convex; dark gray, with light
yellow exuvise at apex ; diameter about 2 mm. ; covered with minute granules and
resembling the lichens under which it is found. Underneath this outer scale is a dark
reddish-brown skin enclosing the insect ; ventral scale very thin, transparent and
white.

Adult Female. — Length .9 mm., width .7 mm.; color light yellow; outline of
body subovate. Characters of abdominal margin as follows (Plate VI, Fig. 14) :
there are five groups of spinnerets, anterior group of two, anterior-laterals of five to
nine, posterior-laterals of three to seven ; a single pair of large lobes, each rounded,
with slight lateral notch on the outer side ; between the lobes there is a gland orifice,
with a slightly serrated margin ; just laterad of each lobe there is a large incision into
which a gland opens, and around the margin of which are two or three conical and
sometimes serrated plates ; a second large incision and gland orifice, with one or two
small conical plates, a short distance from the first incision ; a third very slight inci-
sion, about an equal distance laterad of this second one ; spines as follows : a dorsal
and ventral pair of short, stout ones just laterad of each lobe, a pair of longer ones
between the first and second incision, a pair of about the same size, between second
and third incision, a pair of smaller ones at some distance above these.

Scale of Male. — The scale of the male is oblong, about l mm. in length ; dark
gray, with bright red exuviae at one end.

Very near to A. ancylus Putnam, but smaller and with a smaller number of spines
on the abdominal margin, also with an additional incision.

Habitat. — Discovered by Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn, concealed
among and underneath the lichens on the bark of Abies concolor, near
Sissons, Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cal., Sept, 4, 1901. Also on the
bark of Libocednis decurrens at the same locality.

Type specimen in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.
Leucaspis kelloggi, sp. nov.

Scale of Female (Plate VI, Fig. 15). — Length 3 mm (larval skin .4 mm.,
second skin .6 mm., scale 2 mm.); width l mm., straight, very convex about the

June. 1903] Coleman: Coccid.e of the Conifer.*:. G9

middle, gradually flattening out posteriorly; color of larval skin lemon yellow, first
and second skins light brown with translucent edges ; ventral scale formed by a turn-
ing in of the lateral edges of the 2d scale, sometimes completely 'enclosing the insect.

Adult Female (Plate VI, Fig. 16). — The color of the female is transparent,
yellowish-white, abdominal segments yellowish ; length about I mm., width .4 mm.;
elongate oval, head flattened anteriorly, thorax cylindrical, with flattened and very
conspicuous marginal lobes. Abdominal margin flattened, and with the following
characters (Plate VI, Fig. 16, a'). There are no groups of spinnerets, but a large
spinning gland opens into each incision and there are several near each lateral margin
of the caudal segment, as there are also several on the lateral margin of each body
segment ; the median lobes are well developed, rounded, with a slight lateral notch,
the second pair are double, about equally developed, of about the same shape as the
median, but smaller, the third pair are also double, but the outer ones are smaller
than the inner ones, of the same shape and appearance as the second pair, but smaller;
the first pair of plates are situated near the inner margins of the median lobes, are
rather conspicuous, and have about five points, the second pair are between the median
lobes and the first incision, are somewhat less conspicuous than the first and have
about four points, the third pair are between the second pair of lobes and the second
incisions, are of about the same size as the second pair, and also have four points ;
there are five deep incisions on either lateral margin, situated as follows : Between
first and second pairs of lobes, between second and third pairs of lobes, a double one
just laterad of the third pair of lobes and a single one a considerable distance above
these. The spines are inconspicuous except the median pairs ; they are situated as
follows : on both dorsal and ventral margins, between median lobes, laterad of
median lobes, laterad of each of the second pair of lobes, laterad of each of the third
pair of lobes.

After impregnation the body of the female becomes much swollen and of a dark
brown color. It also becomes much elongated and the lateral lobes of each segment
are almost obliterated as the young develop (Plate VI, Fig. 17).

77/1? Yoiiug Larva (Plate VII, Fig. 18). — The young larvae, which are de-
veloped in the body of the female, are at birth about .4 mm. in length, about .2 mm.
in width, of truncate-oval form and milk-white color. Antennae (Plate VII, Fig. 18, «)
.08 mm. long, 6-segmented, formula, 6, 5 (3, l) (4, 2) ; several long hairs on the
sixth segment, a few shorter ones on each of the outer segments. The legs (Plate
VII, Fig. 18, i^) are rather short and stout, femur very stout, tibia and tarsus slender,
claw long and slightly curved, with a pair of knobbed hairs dorsally and a pair of
digitules ventrally.

Female Larva, First Moult. — After the first moult the larva takes the form of the
adult female and begins the construction of its scale, to the anterior part of which the
larval skin is attached. The scale when complete, is of the same general appearance
and color as that of the adult and about one third as long.

Female Lan<a, Second Moult. — At the second moult the larva does not change
in form, but is considerably larger. It begins a new scale, which when completed,
serves as its permanent home as described for the adult female.

Scale of the Male (Plate VII, Fig. 19). — The scale of the male consists of the
first larval skin and one scale, which is of the same light brown color as that of the
female. Length about 2 mm. (larval skin .4 mm.), width about .8 mm.; straight,

70 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

semi-cylindrical about the middle and ending posteriorly rather abruptly ; larval skin
of the same size, shape and color as that of the female.

Adult Jlfale (Plate VII, Fig. 20). — The adult male is about 1.2 mm. in length
and colored as follows : Head white, with purplish tinge ; eyes dark purplish ; thorax
brownish ; abdomen purplish ; wings smoky, iridescent ; legs'light brown ; antennae
very light, about. 65 mm. in length and ten-segmented, formula, 3 (4, 5, 6) (7, 8) 9,
10, 2, 1. The wings are about as long as the entire body, very light colored and mi-
nutely haired. The legs are long and slender, slightly hairy as indicated in the figure ;
claw long and slender, slightly curved, with a pair of long knobbed hairs dorsally, and
a pair of shorter digitules ventrally.

The Young Alalc Larva. — The young male larva is similar to that of the female,
hence needs no description.

Male Larva, First Moult. — At the first moult the male larva still has the same
form as that of the female, but during this stage it grows considerably larger than
that of the female of the corresponding stage.

Pupa of J\f ale. — After completing its external scale, the larva changes to the
pupa state, remaining in the larval skin until antenna;, legs and wings show quite
plainly in their development, when the larval skin is shed together with the mouth-
parts, and the pupa is complete.

Finally the adult male is formed and after lying quietly in place under the
scale, which has served as a case for all of the above transformations, for some time,
it emerges from the anterior part of the scale, pushing off the larval skin in its
exit.

Habits. — The females are usually found singly on the under side
near one margin of the needles of the red fir {Pseudotsuga taxifolia),
although I have found several on one needle and have also found them
thickly massed about the base of the needles of Abies magnifica, from
high altitudes. The males are usually found singly on a needle, though
more often than with the female, several are found on the same needle.
Occasionally males and females are found together.

I have found the adult female throughout the entire year, but
specimens in the gravid state were found in the Stanford arboretum in
January, February, March and December, 1901 ; near Usal. Mendo-
cino Co., July, 1901 ; at Shasta Camp, Mt. Shasta, August 19, 1901,
and at Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co., August 25, 1901.

Males in the young stages were found in Mendocino Co., through-
out July, 1901 ; at Shasta Camp, Mt. Shasta, August 19, 1901 : at
Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co., August 25, 1901. A few empty scales were
found at each of these places. I found the young males on trees in
the Stanford arboretum in Oct. and Nov., 1901, and dissected out
several perfect males Nov. 15, 1901. They were very numerous
about Dec. 1, but by Dec. 24 were very scarce.

June, 1903.] Coleman: Coccid.e of the Conifer.1v. 71

Newly born laiVce were found on the white fir {Abies cotico/or),
at Shasta Camp, Aug. 19, and on the red fir {Fseiniotsiiga iaxi/o/ia),
in the Stanford arboretum, Dec. 15, 1901.

At nearly all stations where studied the young we found in all
stages of development. It would seem from this that there is no well-
defined breeding season and that breeding goes on throughout the
year, the abundant season varying with the elevation and climate.

Distribiitiou. — The first specimens were found by the author, on
the red fir (^Pseudotsuga taxifolia), near Saratoga Summit, Sierra
Moreno Range, about twenty-five miles south of Stanford University,
July 6, 1900. These specimens were sent to the Division of Ento-
mology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, where Mr. Pergande identified
them as a Leucaspis, sp. Since this first date I have found them on
the red fir as follows : Mountains West of Napa City, Napa Co. ,
June 17, 1901 ; Cobb Mt. and hills about it, Lake Co., June 21,
1901 ; mts. near Blue Lakes, Lake Co., June 25, 1901 ; from the
head of Big River, Mendocino Co., all through the Coast Range to
near Mendocino City, thence northward and throughout a forest of
this species about thirty miles in width, in the northeast part of Hum-
bolt Co., in June, 1901, and near Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co., August
25, 1901.

I have also found this scale on Abies ic^rainiis, near Casper and
Rockport, Mendocino Co. ; on Abies eoneolor near Salmon Forks,
Siskiyou Co., and at Shasta Camp, Mt. Shasta ; in Stanford arboretum
and on some herbarium specimens of Abies magnijica from La Porte,
Pulmas Co., and from "Trail to Sentinel Dome," Yosemite : on the
Shasta fir {Abies shasfensis), near the east side of the summit of
range, west of Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co., California.

Evidently the scale is not confined to Pseiuiotsuga faxifo/ia although
it seems to be most abundant on that species.

Type specimens of the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Leucaspis cupressi, sp. nov.

Siiili- of Female (Plate VII, Fig. 2i). — Length I mm.; larval skin very minute,
light yellow; second skin light, brownish-white, nearly circular; scale transpar-
ent white, oblong ; the whole forming a very convex and irregularly curved scale.

AJuli Female (Plate VII, Fig. 22). — Length .8 mm., width .4 mm., egg-
shaped ; color transparent white ; segments of body very obscure. Characters of ab-
dominal margin as follows : a single pair of lobes, rounded, with a slight lateral
notch, plainly visible, but not conspicuous; a slight incision caudolaterad of each

72 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

lobe and a slightly larger one considerably removed cephalodateral from each
lobe ; spines, four between the lobes, one between the lobes and second incision, and
two cephalo-laterad of each second incision ; dorsal spinning glands grouped on each
lateral margin of each one of the body segments, anterior lateral groups of last seg-
ment of twenty to thirty, posterior laterals about ten.

Young Larva (Plate VII, Fig 23). — The young larvje, which are developed
in the body of the female, are at birth about .23 mm. long, .13 mm. wide, of a
broadly oval form and light yellow color; antennas six-segmented, formula, 6, i, 3,
2 (4, 5), a single terminal hair, one long hair near the base, a shorter one near the
end and one near the middle of the sixth segment, a long hair on the first segment,
and very minute hairs on each of the other segments, as indicated in the figure ( Plate
VII, Fig. 23, «) ; legs very stout (Plate VII, Fig. 23, <^), tarsus stout and curved,
with a pair of very long knobbed hairs about the middle, dorsally, and a long hair
just below these ; claws very long, stout, and slightly curved, with a pair of knobbed
digitules at base. Abdominal margin plain with two very long hairs.

Male not known.

Habitat. — Discovered by the author on Cupressiis goveniana,
about six miles north of the southern line of Lake Co., on the Toll
road between Calistoga and Lakeport, California, June 21, 1901.
This is the only locality from which it has been obtained as yet.

Type specimens in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.
Physokermes taxifoliae, sp. nov.

In June, 1900, Mr. Edw. M. Ehrhorn and the author found on
the red fir {Pseiidotsiiga taxifotia) at Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Co.?
California, numerous specimens of the adult and young of a Fhyso-
keniies, which after a careful comparison with F. insig/iicola Craw., we
find to be very near to that species except for the following differences,
viz.: The color is uniform light, mahogany brown, while that of in-
signicola is very dark or almost black ; measurements of antennae, in
microns :

P. taxifolicB, 90, 180, 150, 60, 80, 130, formula, 2, 3, 6, i, 5, 4.

P. insignicola, 100, 280, 150, no, 80, 150, formula, 2, (3, 6)

4, I, 5-

The young are essentially the same in both species.

In the summer of 1901 I found this Physokermes on Pseudotsuga
taxifolia, all through the coast counties of northern California, and
wherever found they were of the same color. As this color is so con-
stant and the scale insect seems to be confined to Pseudotsuga taxi-
folia, we propose it as a new species.

Type specimens in entomological collection of Stanford Univer-
sity.

June, 1903.] Coleman: CocciD.t of the Conifer.^. 73

Physokermes concolor, sp. no\ .

July 31, 1901, the author found on the white f\r {Abies concohr),
near the summit of the Salmon Mts., west of Salmon Forks, Siskiyou
Co., California, three specimens of the female of a Physokermes and
later the young were obtained from these specimens.

While the young of this species is essentially the same as that of
P. taxifoUce and P. insignicola, the adults are very much lighter in
color, being very light brown or fulvous and in the live state marked
with a dark line along the dorso-median groove. Antennse in mi-
crons, 120, 150, 150, 80, 70, 200, formula, 6 (2, 3), i, 5, 4.

XoTE. — The differences in these two species and in comparison
with P. insignicola are very hard to describe and yet with the three
species before me I feel that they should be separated.

Type specimens in the entomological collection of Stanford Uni-
versity.

Species of Coccid^ found on Coniferous Hosts in California,

WITH Locality.

Eriococcus araucarias Mask. On Araucaria excelsior, Hopkins

Place, Menlo Park. (Introduced.)
Phenacoccus kuwanae, sp. nov. On Picea breweriana, Salmon

Mts., near Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co.
Dactylopius sequoiae Coleman. On Secjuoia sempervirens, Sierra

Moreno Mts. and Coast Range as far north as Humbolt Co.
Dactylopius andersoni, sp. nov. On Cupressus goveniana, Lake

Co. and on Lihocednis deci/rrens, Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co., and

upper Sacramento region.
Dactylopius dudleyi, sp. nov. On Cupressus macnabiana, Clear

Creek, Shasta P. O., Shasta Co.
Physokermes insignicola Cratv. On Pimis insignis, Stanford

grounds.
Physokermes taxifolise, sp. nov. On Pseudotsuga taxi/olia, Stevens

Creek, Sierra Moreno Mts., and all the Coast Range as far north

as the Salmon Mts.
Physokermes concolor, sp. nov. On Abies concolor, Salmon Mts.,

west of Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co.
Lecanium hesperidum L. On Abies concolor, Stanford arboretum.

74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Lecanium oleas Bern. On Tumion calif ornicum, Stanford arboretum.

Aspidiotus hederae Vall. On Sequoia setnpervirens, Sierra Moreno
Mts., near Stanford University.

Aspidiotus rapax. On Sequoia gigantea, Stanford arboretum.

Aspidiotus abietes Comst. On Pseudotsuga taxifo/ia, Stanford arbo-
retum and all through the Coast Range.

Aspidiotus californicus, sp. nov. On Finus la7nbertiana, Sugar Pine
Flat, el. 7,000 ft., Sierra Nevada INIts. ; Finus ponderosa, Pine
Ridge, Zyanta Creek, Santa Cruz Co., Cobb Mt., Lake Co.,
Hoopa Ind. Res., all through the mountains in Siskiyou Co., on
Mt. Shasta and in northern Shasta Co. ; Finus sabiniana, San
Felipe Hills, Mt. Hamilton Range, el. 2,700 ft., near Cobb Mt and
Lake Port, Lake Co., Hoopa Valley, upper Sacramento R. region,
Shasta Co. ; Finus coulteri, east side of Mt. Hamilton, el. 3,700
ft., Mt. Lewis, el. 3,600 ft. ; Finus attenuata, mts. west of Scott
Valley, Siskiyou Co., Mt. Shasta.

Aspidiotus florencias, sp. nov. On Finus ponderosa, Pine Ridge.

Aspidiotus coniferarum, var. shastas. On Cupressus niacnabiaiia,
Clear Creek, Shasta Co., and on Cupressus goveniana, southern
Lake Co.

Aspidiotus ehrhorni, sp. nov. On Abies concolor and Liboccdrus
decurre/is, Shasta Camp, Mt. Shasta (collected by Edw. M. Ehr-
horn).

Chionaspis ceruela Targ. On Cupressus goveniana, Stanford
arboretum.

Mytilaspis newsteadi Sulc. On Sciadopitys verticellata, Campbell
Place, near Stanford University. (Determined by Mr. T. H.
Pergande and said to be the first record of this species in this
country. ) Probably introduced from Japan.

Chionaspis pinifolia Fitcii. On Finus monticola, near Clouds Rest
Peak, Yosemite ; near Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co. ; Finus lam-
bertiana, Santa Lucia Peak ; Hoopa Valley Lidian Reservation ;
Sugar Pine Flat, Sierra Nevadas, 7,000 ft.; Finus albicaulis, Black
Butte, Siskiyou Co., above 6,000 ft.; Finus torreyana, Soledad
Creek; Finus ponderosa. Pine Ridge; mts. in Lake Co.; Hooj)a
Valley Ind. Res.; all through the mountains in Siskiyou Co.; Mt.
Shasta; northern Shasta Co.; Finus ponderos i\z.x. jefreyi. Glacial

June, 1903.] Coleman: Coccid.e ok the Conifer.*:. 75

Point, Yosemite ; Pinus murrayana, dry foothills, Del Norte
Mts., Del Norte Co. ; Pinus sabiilata, San Felipe Hills, Mt.
Hamilton Range, el. 2,700 ft., mts. in Lake Co. ; Hoopa Valley
Ind. Res. ; Sacramento River region, in northern Shasta Co. ;
Pinus coulteri, east side of Mt. Hamilton ; near Indria ; Pinus ra-
diata, Stanford arboretum ; Pinus attenuata, mts. west of Napa
City, Napa Co. ; mts. west of Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co. ; Pinus
muricata, near Mendocino City, Mendocino Co.; Pseudotsuga tax-
i/o/ia, Stanford arboretum ; Adies concolor, Stanford arboretum ;
Libocedrus dccurrens, I^ke Co.; Hoopa Valley Ind. Res., Scott
Valley, Siskiyou Co.; upper Sacramento region; Tumion calif or -
nicuni, Stevens Creek ; Blue Lakes, Lake Co.

Leucaspis kelloggi, sp. nov. On Pscudotsuga iaxifolia, Sierra
Moreno Mts. ; Stanford arboretum ; mts. west of Napa City, Napa
Co.; near head of Big River, and Usal, Mendocino Co.; Dunsmuir,
Siskiyou Co.; Abies grandis, hills between Mendocino and Fort
Bragg, and near Rockport, Mendocino Co.; Abies concolor, Sen-
tinel Dome, Yosemite; Salmon Mts., west of Salmon Forks,
Siskiyou Co.; Shasta Camp, Mt. Shasta, el. 3,700 ft.; Stanford
arboretum : Abies magnifica, by trail to Sentinel Dome, Yosemite ;
La Porte, Plumas Co.; Abies shastensis, Salmon Mts., near sum-
mit of range west of Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co.

Leucaspis cupressi, sp. nov. On Cupressus goveniana, southern
Lake Co., about six miles north of the county line near toll road,
Calistoga to Lakeport.

Host List, Showing Distribution of the Conifers and the
Species of Cocctd.e Found on Each.

Pinus tnonticola DoUGL. Silver Pine. — Cliionaspis pinifolia, Just
below Clouds Rest Peak, Yosemite ; near forks of Salmon River,
Siskiyou Co.

Pinus lavibertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, Santa
Lucia Peak ; southern Lake Co. ; Hoopa Valley Ind. Res. ; As-
pidioius calif ortiicus, Sugar Pine Flat, 7,000 ft., Sierra Nevadas.

Pinus albicaulis Engelm. White-bark Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia,
Black Butte, above 6,000 ft., Siskiyou Co.

Pinus torreyana Parry. Torrey Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, Sole-
dad Creek.

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Piniis ponderosa Laws. Bull Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, Pine
Ridge ; near summit of mts., southern Lake Co. ; line and Cobb
Mt., Lake Co.; Hoopa Valley Ind. Res.; near Salmon Forks and
all along through the mountains in southern Siskiyou Co., Mt.
Shasta, northern Shasta Co.; Aspidiotus florencnv, Pine Ridge;
Aspidiotus californicus, Pine Ridge ; Zyanta Creek, Santa Cruz
Co. ; Cobb Mt., Lake Co.; near head of Supply Creek, Hoopa
Valley, Ind. Res.; Salmon Forks, all through the mountains of
southern Siskiyou Co., including Mt. Shasta and in northern
Shasta Co.

Pinus jeffreyi " Oreg. Com." Jeffrey Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia,
Glacial Point Yosemite ; near Salmon Forks, Siskiyou Co:

Pinus viurrayana " Oreg. Com." Lodgepole Pine. — Chionaspis pini-
folia, dry foothills, Del Norte Mts., Del Norte Co.

Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Gray Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, San
Felipe Hills, Mt. Hamilton Range, alt. 2,700 ft. ; near Cobb Mt.,
and Lakeport, Lake Co. ; Hoopa Valley ; Upper Sacramento
region, Shasta Co. ; Aspidiotus californicus. Same localities as
above.

Pinus coulteri Lamb. Coulter Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, east side
of Mt. Hamilton ; near Indria ; Aspidiotus californicus, east side
of Mt. Hamilton, alt. 3,700 ft. ; Mt. Lewis, alt. 3,600 ft.

Pinus radiata Don. Monterey Pine. Pinus insignis Dougl. — Chi-
onaspis pinifolia, Stanford University arboretum ; Physokermes
insignicola, Stanford University arboretum ; Lecanium hesperiduin,
Stanford University arboretum ; Aspidiotus hedercF, Stanford
arboretum.

Pinus attenuata Lemmon. Knobcone Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia, high
mts. west of Napa, Napa Co. ; mts. west of Scott Valley, Siskiyou
Co. ; Aspidiotus californicus, Mt. Shasta ; mts., west of Scott Val-
ley, Siskiyou Co.

Pinus niuricata Don. California Swamp Pine. — Chionaspis pinifolia,
three miles east of Mendocino City, and thence northward all along
the coast, to near Rockport.

Picea breweriana Wats. Weeping Spruce. — Phenacoccus kuivancr,
Salmon Mts., west of Salmon Forks (near summit of range on
east side), Siskiyou Co.

June, 1903.] COLEMAX : CoCClD.E OK THE CONIFER.1-:. 77

Fseiuio/siiga taxifolia (Lam.) Britton. Douglas Spruce. — Chionaspis
pini/o/ia, Stanford arboretum ; Aspidiotiis abietes, Stanford arbo-
retum ; mts. west of Napa, Napa Co. ; near head of Big River
and near Usal, Mendocino Co. ; near Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co. ;
Physokermes taxifolia (Douglas Spruce or Red Fir), Stevens
Creek, Santa Clara Co.; mts. west of Napa, Napa Co.; near head
of Big River, Mendocino Co.; near Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co.

Abies grandis Lindl. — Lowland Fir. Leiicaspis ke/loggi, hills between
Mendocino City and Fort Bragg, and near Rockport, Mendocino
Co.

Abies co/ico/or (^GoRD.) Parry White Fir. — Leiicaspis l:eIloggi, Senti-
nel Dome, Yosemite ; Salmon Mts., west of Salmon Forks (near
summit of range on east side), Siskiyou Co.; Shasta Camp, Sis-
sons, alt. 3,700 ft.; Stanford arboretum; Physokermes concolor,
Salmon Mts. (near summit of range on east side), west of Salmon
Forks, Siskiyou Co. : Chionaspis piiiifolia, Stanford arboretum ;
Lecanium hesperdiiim, Stanford arboretum.

Abies sasfensis Lem.mon. Shasta Fir. — Leiicaspis ke/ioggi, Salmon
Mts. (near summit of range on east side), west of Salmon Forks,
Siskiyou Co.

Abies magnifica Murr. Red Fir. — Leiicaspis kelloggi, by trail to Sen-
tinel Dome, Yosemite (herb, specimens).

Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ) Endl. Redwood. — Dactylopius seqiioice,
Sierra Moreno Mts. ; mts. west of Napa City, Napa Co. ; all through
the redwood belt, as far north as Humboldt Bay ; Aspidiotiis
hedercB, Sierra Moreno Mts.

Sequoia washiugtoniana (Winsl. ) Sudworth. Bigtree. On some
cultivated trees of this species in Stanford arboretum, I find Aspi-
diotus rapax very abundant. As this scale is quite common on other
trees in the arboretum, they have probably migrated to this host.

Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Incense Cedar. — Chionaspis pitiifolia,
Lake Co.; near head of Supply Creek, Hoopa A'alley Ind. Res.;
Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co.; upper Sacramento.

Cupressus viacrocarpa Hartw. Monterey Cypress. — Dactylopius
ryani, Monterey Co. (Coquillett).

Cupressus goveniana GoRD. Go wen Cypress. — Dactylopius andersoni,
southern Lake Co.; Leucaspis ciipressi, Lake Co.; Aspidiotiis coni-

78 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xi.

feranim var. shastce, Lake Co.; Diaspis cameli, Stanford arbore-
tum.

Cupressjis inacnabiana Murr. Macnab Cypress. — Dactylopius dudleyi,
near Clear Creek (four and one half miles west of Shasta P. O.),
Shasta Co.; Aspidiotus coniferarum var. shastce, same locality as
above.

Ttimion californicnm (ToRR.) Greene. California Torreya. — Chio-
naspis pinifolia, Stevens Creek and Blue Lake, Lake Co.; Pheria-
coccus, sp., Stevens Creek (Ehrhorn); Lecanium olece, Stanford
arboretum.

Cultivated Exotic Species.

Pinus strobiis Linn. White Pine. — Chionaspis pmifolia, Stanford
arboretum; Aspidiotus calif orniciis, Stanford arboretum.

Picea abies. Norway Spruce. — Chionaspis pinifolia, Cedro Place,
Stanford University ; Lecanium hesperidum, same locality, as
above.

Thuya orientalis. — Diaspis carueli, Stanford arboretum.

Ju7iiperus conwiunis Linn. Dwarf Juniper. — Diaspis cameli, Stanford
arboretum.

Sciadopitys verticellata. Parasol Fir. — Mytilaspis newsteadi, Camp-
bell Place, near Stanford University.

Araucaria excelsior. Norfolk Island Pine. — Ef-iococcus araucarics,
Hopkins Place, near Menlo Park.

Notes on Economic Status.

The following brief notes on the distribution, abundance and in-
jurious effects of the coniferous Coccidse may be of interest :

It is evident from a study of the records that Chionaspis pinifolia
is the most cosmopolitan species, /. e., is found on a greater number
of species of conifers, is more generally distributed and is found at a
greater range of altitude (sea level to 7,000 feet) than any other spe-
cies. It occurs in such numbers, along with Physokermes insignicola,
on the Monterey pine (Pini/s insignis), on the Stanford Ranch, as to
be very injurious to the trees ; indeed these trees are slowly dying, the
needles first turning yellow, finally dying and dropping off. It is
very abundant on almost all species of conifers infested by them,
especially where the trees are on a dry hillside or in a hot interior
valley, and in several instances I thought them to be very injurious.

June, 1903] Coleman: Coccip.« of the Conifer.-e. 79

On Cobb, Mt. Lake Co., I found a group of yellow pines (Pini/s
ponderosa), which was evidently being killed by Aspidiotus califonii-
cus. A group of half a dozen trees, about 6 to 8 inches in diameter
and 60 to 70 feet high, were literally covered from bottom to top with
these Coccidte ; though the trees were still alive, the needles were so
pale and discolored as to give the trees a very sick appearance. A
few rods from these trees stood another group of three, which had evi-
dently succumbed the year previous, as the dead needles were still hang-
ing to the limbs. A careful inspection of the trees showed them to
be covered with the same species of scale as the neighboring trees
and that the injury had not been caused by other insects. A fire had
gone through the forest the year before, and although it had destroyed
many trees, this group had not been touched, as they stood by the
roadside, thus being isolated from the main forest. Hence I think it
fair to conclude that the trees were killed by the scale insects. This
species, A. califomiciis, is a close second in its abundance and range of
distribution in this state to Cliionaspis pinifolia.

Macnab's cypress (^Ciipressiis iiiaciiLxlnana) is very limited in its
distribution and in number of individuals. The group at Clear Creek,
Shasta Co., consists of about a dozen small trees, all of which are very
badly infested with Dacfy/opiits ditdieyi 3.\\(X Aspidiotus couifcranim var.
shashe, so much so that it seems to me this small grove of a very rare
species is doomed to speedy extinction.

Leucaspis kclloi:;i:;i is found on all the species of firs with which I
am acquainted and is widely distributed over the state. While no
serious injury from this species is apparent, it is sufficiently abundant
in most localities to become injurious should the conditions favor its
increase.

The conifer-infesting Coccida^ are most numerous, in both numbers
of individuals and species, in the hot interior valleys and on dry hill-
sides, at about 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation, or what corresponds in
most cases to the upper Sonoran zone, and usually on the young growth
which has been left after lumbering the region, or has come up after
a fire has gone through the forest. In the fog belt or the great lum-
ber belt of the coast range there are very few sj^ecies or individuals in
the virgin forests, but where the region has been lumbered or afire has
gone through a few years before they are more numerous. Near the
coast they are scarce, except in dry plateaus or hillsides, where some-
what protected from the cold ocean breeze.

80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Remedies. — The question of the destruction of these insects is
one which will require much further study, and is, I believe, of suffi-
cient importance to warrant further investigation.

In the present state of our forestry operations in California it is of
course impractical to spray or fumigate the forest trees, except by in-
dividual owners in limited areas, or where it is desired to preserve
some cultivated species. However, a number of species of these
coccidse harbor from one to several species of parasites, which in
most cases, except where the conditions are extremely favorable for
the increase of the scale insects, are very effective in keeping them in
check.

The proper solution of this problem will only come with the de-
velopment of a proper forestry system for our extensive forest areas in
California, as well as in other states. When we have competent for-
esters and forest entomologists we can look to them to see that badly
infested trees are destroyed and that proper parasites are introduced.

Previous Records of Coccid/E found on Coniferous Hosts, with
Reference Bibliography.

Monophlebus hellenicus Gennadiiis. On Finns lialepeusis. (Cock-
erell, Food-Plants of Scale Insects, p. 773, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. XIX.)

Monophlebus burmeisteri Westiv. On Pinus, sp., Yokohama,
Japan, and on Ficus, sp., China. Also on Garde na floj-ida, Hong-
kong, China. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIX, p. 328.)
Also on Pinus, sp., Yokohama, Japan. (Kuwana, Coccidse of
Japan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, No. 2, p. 46.)

Icerya purchasi Mask. On pines and firs. (Maskell, Scale Insects
of New Zealand, p. 113.) On cypress {il>id., p. 112).

Eriococcus giiletti Finsley. Oxi Jnnipcnis virginianns, Salida, Colo-
rado. (Can. Ent., Vol. XXXI, 1889, p. 46.)

Eriococcus araucaria J/^^i-zC-. On Norfolk Island pine {Arai/caria).
(Maskell, Scale Insects of New Zealand, p. 113; Comstock, 2d,
Cornell Report, p. 137) (as Rhizococcns).

Eriococcus phyllocladi Masli. On Phyllocladis trichonianoides, D.
Don., New Zealand. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIV,
P- 25.)

June, 1903.] Coleman: Coccid.e of the Conmfer.i;. 81

Puto attenuata S/\--//. On P/////S cenibra. (Signoret, Essai sur les

Coch,, p. 375.)
Rhizococcus totarce Mask. On Podocarpus totam and on Fa^:;us

menziesii, near Reefton, N. Zealand. (Maskell^ Trans. N. Z.

Inst.. Vol. XXII, p. 142.)
Dactylopius ryani Coc]. On Thuya oricntalis, California. (Co-
quillet, West American Scientist, 18S9, p. 122.) .Also on

C/pres.uis inacrocarpa and Amucaria exce/sa, California. {^Ibid.)
Dactylopius aurilentus Afask. On Araucaria bidrvilli Hooker and

Araucaria excelsa, Auckland, N. Zealand. (Maskell, Trans. N.

Z. Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 152.)
Dactylopius pini Kinoa/ia. On Finns, sp., Kiushu, Japan, and on

J'iiiits pentaphylla, Tokyo, Japan. (Kuwana, Coccidee of Japan,

Proc. Calif. Aca. Sci., Vol. Ill, p. 54.)
Phenacoccus minimus Tinsley. On Picea piingens. Fort Collins,

Colo. (Can. Ent., Vol. XXX, p. 223.)
Ceroplastes rubens minor ]\rask. On Pi?uis sinensis and on Pinus

t/iunbergii, China. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIX, p.

309-)
Pulvinaria maskelli 0/if var. spinosior Mask. On Prenela or

Callistris rohusta, South Australia. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z.

Inst., Vol. XXVI, p. 78.)
Ctenochiton dacrydii Mask. On Dacrydium cupressiman, New

Zealand. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIV, p. 18.)
Physokermes insignicola Cram. On Finns insignis, Golden Gate

Park, San Francisco, Calif. (Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p.

258.)
Physokermes abietes Modeer (^Lecanium picece'). (Signoret, Essai

sur les Coch., p. 273.) Newstead cites it only from Abies

(Ent. Month. Mag., 1S93, P- 209). On Aides excelsa in Europe.

(Cockerell, Food-Plants of Coccidae, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol.

XIX, p. 77^).
Physokermes coloradensis Ckll. On spruce, Manatou, Colorado.

((iillette and Baker, Hemiptera of Colorado, p. 126.)

Lecanium parvicorne Ckll. On Finns, Florida, U. S. (Psyche,
July, 1897, p. 90.)

82 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLXi.

Lecanium pini King. On Finns austriaca, London, Ontario.

(Can. Ent., 1901, p. 334.)
Lecanium oleas Bern. On Irish juniper, cedar of Lebanon and

Indian cedar, Los Angeles Co., California. (Coquillett, Bull. 26,

Div. of Ent. U. S. Dept. of Agric, pp. 28-29.)
Lecanium fletcheri Ckll. On juniper, N. Y. (Pettit, Bull. 7,

Cornell Univ. Exp. St., p. 341.)
Lecanium pallidior Ckll. and King. On Chamcecyparis iiiyoides

Methuen, Mass. (Cockerell and King, Psyche, Vol. VIII, p. 349.)
Lecanium minimum pinicola. On Pinus insignis Dougl., Cape

of Good Hope, S. Africa. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol.

XXIX, p. 310.) See also Ent. Mo. Mag., 1896, p. 225.
Aspid ictus abietes Schrank. On pitch pine, Ithaca, N. Y. (Com-

stock, Agric. Report, 1880, p. 306.) (Syn. Asp. pini.) On

under surface of hemlock leaves (^Abies canadensis), Ithaca, N. Y.

(Comstock, 2d, Cornell Rep., 57.) On pitch pine, Karner, N.

Y. (Bull. N. Y. State Museum, Vol. IX, No. 46.) On Finns

sylvestris, Prague, Bohemia. (Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p.

190.)
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche. On cones of arbor vitte ( Thuya occidcn-

talis'), California. (Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept.

Agric, p. 20. )
Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) glanduliferus Ckll. On branches of

Finns sylvestris, Columbus, Ohio. (Cockerell, Ohio Nat., Vol.

II, No. 8.)

Aspidiotus cupressi Ckll. On Cupressus (Koeble), Toluca, Mexico.

(Biol. Cent. America, p. 23. J
Aspidiotus aurantii Mask. On Fodocarpus, Honolulu (on trees

from Japan). (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXYII, p. 41.)

On Fodocarpiis chinensis, Yokohama, Tokyo, and Wakayamaken.

(Kuwana, Coccidce of Japan, Proc. Calif. Acad, of Sci., \o\.

III, No. 2, p. 70).

Aspidiotus hederae Val. On leaves of Finns, Oaxaca, Mexico,
Aug. 20, 1897. (Koeble, 1897, pars.) (Ckll.) On Finns,
Mexico. (Cockerell, Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1899, p. 167.)

Aspidiotus latanise Sign. On Abies finna. Nishigahara, Agric.
Exp. Station, Tokyo. (Kuwana, CoccidK of Japan, Proc. Cal.
Acad, of Sci., Vol. Ill, No. 2, p. 68.)

June, 1903. J Coleman: Coccid.e of the Coniker.«. 83

Aspidiotus cryptomeria Kinoana. On Cryptomeria japonica, Gifu-
ken, Japan. (Kuvvana, Coccidx of Japan, Proc. Cal. Acad, of
Sci., Vol. Ill, p. 69.)

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morgan. On leaves of Pinus,
Oaxaca, Mexico, Aug. 20, T897. (Koeble, 1897 pars.) (Ckll.)

Poliaspis \i\n\ Mask. On Finns liensiflora. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z.
Inst., \'ol. XXX, p. 231.)

Mytilaspis newsteadi Sn/c. Oi\ Finns syh'estris,^io\\tm\z. (Cock-
erell, Food-Plants of Coccidre, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol.
XIX, p. 773.)

Mytilaspis abietes Sign. On A/>ies excelsa, Europe. (Signoret,
Essai sur les Coch., p. 135 ; Comstock, 2d, Cornell Rep., 1880,
p. 121.)

Mytilaspis pallida Green (var. ). On Fodocarpns, sp., Honolulu,
H. I. (on trees from Japan). (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol.
XXII, p. 46.)

Mytilaspis citricola Fack. On Taxus cnspidata, Japan. (Kuwana,
Coccidas of Japan, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, p. 81.)

Diaspis carueli Targ. On Tlinya occidentalis, Washington, D. C.
Also on Jnniperns comnutnis and J. c/iinensis, J. oxycedens and_/.
japonica (syn. of chinensis), ilud. Collected by Targ. Tozzetti,
at Orbitello near Florence, Italy. (Signoret, Essai sur les Coch.,
p. 436.)

Diaspis minima Targ. On Thuya occidentalis and Cupressus,
Europe. (Comstock, 2d, Cornell Rep., p. 96; Signoret, Essai
sur les Coch., p. 43S.)

Diaspis juniperi Bonche. — On fnniperns communis. ( Signoret, Essai
sur les Coch., p. 437.)

Chionaspis pinifolia Comstock. {Aspidiotus pini/o/ia Fitch). " Re-
corded on Finns strobus, Finns resinosa, Finns mitis, Finns cem-
bra. Firms pyreniaca, Finns laricis, Finns sylvestris, Finns austri-
aca and Finns pumella. The Department of Agriculture contains
examples from Fsendotsuga taxifolia and Abies excelsa and I have
received specimens on Abies nigra from Canada, and Abies alba,
Mass."

" Received from Maine, New Vork, New Jersey, District of Co-
lumbia, Michigan, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, Florida,

84 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Colorado and California." (R. A. Cooley, The Coccid Genera
Chionaspis and Hemichionaspis, Bull. Hatch, E.xp. Station, Aug.,
1899. ) On pines and spruces and Finns monophylla. (Comstock,
2d, Cornell Rep., 1880, p. 319.)

On firs and spruces, Colorado. (Gillette and Baker, Hemip-
tera of Colorado, p. 129 ; Signoret, Essai sur les Coch., p, — , as
Myiilaspis pinifolia. )

Prof. Cockerell sends me specimens which he collected March
27, 1902, at Prescott, Ariz., on Finns.

Chionaspis pinifolia heterophylla Cooley. On Finns lietcropiiylla.,
Florida. (R. A. Cooley, Bull. Hatch, Exp. Station, Aug., 1899.)

Leucaspis signoretii Targ. On Finns sy/vestris, France. (Signoret,
Essai sur les Coch., p. 100 (144).)

Leucaspis pini Hartig. On Fimis laricis, Poir, France. (Signoret,
Essai sur les Coch., p. 146.)

Leucaspis leonardii Ckll. sp. nov. On Finns picea, Portici, Italy.
(Cherm. Ital., Ease. I, No. 19 as L. pini.^

Fiorinia sulcii Newst. (See Ent. Mo. Mag., 1894, p. 232.) "Ac-
cording to Mr. Sulc, the Fiorinia snlcii Newst., formerly con-
founded with Lencaspis pini, is a distinct species, but neverthe-
less a Lencaspis Ckll. On Finns, Dordogne, France, 1901, P.
Marchal (through Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell). Also on Finns syl-
vesttis, Brandenberg, Germany, Reh. (through King and Cock-
erell).

Leachea zealandica Mask. On Fodocaipns totarce and Cnpressus
dacrydiodes. New Zealand. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol.
XXIII, p. 27.)

Fiorinia camelliae. On Finns chinensis, Hongkong, China and on
Jnniperis, Formosa. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXX, p.
232.)

Fiorinia fiorinia var. japonica Kmvana. On Finns chinensis,
Tokyo and on Finns, sp., Shiga-ken, Japan. (Kuwana, Coccidje
of Japan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, No. 2, p. 79.)

Poliaspis pini Mask. On Finns densiflora, Mayanoshita, on Finns
austriaca, Tokyo, on Fodocarpns chinensis, Wakayama-ken, on
Abies firina, Tokyo, on Torrcya mice/era, Tokyo, on Finns tJinn-
bergii, Tokyo, and on Finns, sp., Kiushiu, Japan. (Kuwana,
Coccidre of Japan, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, No. 2, p. 82.)

June, 1903.] Coleman: Coccid.-e of the Conifer.e. 85

Coelo>toma pilosum Mask. On Podocarpus totarce. New Zealand.

(Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIII, p. 30.)
Coelostoma compressum Mask. On Poiiocarpus totanr, New

Zealand. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol. XXIV, p. 46.)
Coccus hystrix Bacr. (Signoret, Essai sur les Coch., p. 455.)

Syni^e/iaspis parlaforia Sulc. On Abies, Bohemia (Sulc). (Cock-

erell, Food-Plants of Coccids, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XIX,

P- 7 74-)
Pailatoria proteus Mask. On Piuus insignis Dougl., Botanical

Gardens, Sydney, Australia. (Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., Vol.

XXIX, p. 300.)
Pseudophillipia quaintancei Ckll. On pine, Florida. (Psyche,

1S97, p. 90.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plates V.
Fig. I. Phenacocctts ktiwaita:, leg of adult female.
Fig. 2. " " antenna of adult female.

Fig. 3. Dactylopius andersoni, leg of adult female.
Fig. 4. " " antenna of adult female.

Fig. 5. Dactylopius dtidleyi, adult female.
Fig. 6. " " leg of adult female.

Fig. 7. " " antenna of adult female.

Fig. 8. " " larva; <?, leg; b, antenna.

Fig. 9. Aspidiolus californicus, abdominal margin of adult female.
Fig. 10. Aspidiotiis /lorfiici.r, abdominal margin of adult female.

Plate VL
Fig. II. Aspidiottis coniferarum var. shastic, adult female.

Fig. 12. " " " abdominal margin of adult female.

Fig. 13. " " " larva.

Fig. 14. Aspidioius (subgen. Diaspidiotus) ehrhorni, abdominal margin of adult
female.

Fig. 15. Leiicospis kelloggi, ^c^& oi i^vcivA^.

Fig. 16. " " adult female ; <?, abdominal margin of same.

Fig. 17. " " adult female (pregnant).

Plate VII.

Fig. 18. Leucasph kelloggi, young larva ; a, leg; /', antenna.

Fig. 19. " " scale of male.

Fig. 20. " " adult male insect ; <?, leg of same.

Fig. 21. Leucaspis atpressi, scale of female.

Fig. 22. " " adult female.

Fig. 23. " " young larva; a, antenna; b, leg.

S6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xi.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE POINTED-TAILED

WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY

PROCTOTRYPOIDEA.— III.

By William H. Ashmead, A.M.

Assistant Curator, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

Family LVI. SCELIONID.F:.

The position of the antennae, which are inserted low down on the
face or close to the clypeus, and the shape of the abdomen, which is
always acute or margined along the sides, the tergites and sternites
where they unite usually forming a fold or carina, will at once dis-
tinguish the wasps belonging to this family, from those which follow.
The family comes quite close to the family Platygateridce, the two
having been classified together as a singe family by Haliday, but it
may be easily separated from that family by abdominal peculiarities,
by the differences in the antennae, and by the totally different vena-
tion of the front wings.

The family Scelionidee is one of the most extensive, being widely
distributed over the entire world, with many genera and species but
imperfectly studied. All of the species, without a single exception
are egg-parasites of other insects, the Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Or-
thoptera and Neuroptera especially being the ones most frequently
attacked by them ; other orders, however, are not exempted from
their attacks, and one little group, the Baeinae, destroy the eggs of
various spiders (Arachnida).

Table of Subfamilies.

1. Abdomen always with a distinct lateral carina 2

Abdomen without a distinct lateral carina, although more or less acute, in shape

most frequently broadly oval, rarely pointed ovate, but depressed, the second
segment always the largest and longest ; front wings with the post-marginal and
stigmal veins long; 9 with II -jointed antenna?, rarely l2-jointed, clavate or
subclavate ; ^ antennse 12-jointed Subfamily I. TELENOMIN^-E.

2. Abdomen sessile, most frequently long, fusiform or bnear, extending beyond the tip

of the wings when folded, rarely broadly oval, the segments more nearly equal,
or the third segment is the longest, although rarely much longer than some
one of the others ; post-marginal vem usually present, rarely wanting, if wanting
the submarginal vein ends in a stigma 3

June, 1903.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE PkOCTOTRVPOIDF.A. 87

Abdomen broadly oval or long oval, the third segment much the longest; post-
marginal vein never developed.
Marginal vein very short, punctiform or thickened, not or hardly as long as the
stigmal vein ; stigmal vein short, thickened at base and ending in a rounded
stigma; antenna in 9 7-jointed, the club being unjointed, in $ l2-jointed,
filiform-moniliform ; lateral ocelli usually close to the eye margin ; females

usually apterous Subfamily II. B.EIN^t.

Marginal vein very long, usually 5 or 6 times as long as the exceedingly short
stigmal vein ; stigmal vein not thickened at base ; antenn;^ in 9 12-jointed,
clavate, the club 5- or 6-jointed, in $ 12-jointed but filiform, the funicle
joints long ; lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin ; females rarely

apterous Subfamily III. TELEASIN.E.

2- Marginal vein seldom twice as long as the stigma vein ; stigmal vein not especially
short, oblique, rarely entirely absent ; if the post-marginal vein is wanting, the
submarginal vein ends in a stigma; antennce in 9 i2-jointed, clavate, in J
12-jointed, usually filiform, in a single genus lo-jointed.

Subfamily IV. SCELIONIN/E.

Subfamily I. TELENOMIN^.

This is a most interesting group first recognized by C. G. Thom-
son, the eminent Swedish entomologist. Many species have been
described, the majority living parasitically in the eggs of Lepidoptera
and Hemiptera.

Hcmisiiis \\'est\vood, may be an older name for Telcnoiius Haliday.

Aleria Marshall, described in 1874, also belongs here, I think, but
it is too insulificiently characterized to be incorporated in my table.

Table of Genera.

1. Females 2

Males 7

2. Antennas 12-jointed 6

Antennse 1 1 -jointed, clavate.

Lateral ocelli touching the margin of the eye 3

Lateral ocelli not touching the margin ofthe eye (?) Hemisius /rcj/.t'.

3 Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows.. 4

Mesonotum witli parapsidal furrows.

Poslscutellum spined Trimorus Forsler (type Giyoii wrtwwj Walker).

4. Head ([uadrate ; abdomen pointed ovate, the ovipositor usually e.xserted.

PhanuruS Thomson (type P. aiigustatiis).

Head transverse, often very broad ; abdomen broadly oval, usually truncate at

ape.x TelenomuS Holiday (type T. brachialis Halidav).

5. Mesonotum with three furrows abbreviated anteriorly ; frons very broad, a short

but distinct groove extends from the eye back of the lateral ocellus to the

occiput Trissolcus As/uuead [iy^t T. l>nu-/i)'inen,c Aswsi.).

Mesonotum with two furrows abbreviated anteriorly ; frons not very broad ; no

groove back of the lateral ocellus Dissolcus Ashtnead.

(type D. nigriiornis ASHM.).

88 Journal New York Entomological Society, |V<,i xl

6. Head transverse, convex in front, the ocelli arranged in a triangle, the lateral

close to the eye margin ; wings not banded, ciliated ; club of antennae 4-jointed.

Tiphodytes Brat^/ey ^Limnodytes Marchal.

(type L. gerripluii^tis Marchal).

Head large, flat, the ocelli in a triangle, the lateral nearer to the front ocellus

than to the eye margin ; wings banded AradophagUS Ashtnead.

( type A. fasciatus AsHM. ).

7. Lateral ocelli not touching the eye margin (?) fiemisius M'esttu.

Lateral ocelli touching the eye margin.

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows 8

Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows.

Postscutellum spined Trimorus Forster.

8. Head transverse, often very broad ; abdomen oblong-oval or broadly oval 9.

Head quadrate Phanurus Thomson

9. Pedicel clavate ; first joint of the flagellum longer than the second, the latter

longer than the third Telenomus Haliday.

Pedicel oblong; first joint of the flagellum the longest joint, the second shorter
than the third Tiphodytes j5r<7(//iy'= Limnodytes Marchal.

Subfamily II. B.EIN.^.
This group was iirst recognized by the author as a tribe, but is now
elevated to subfamily rank. To it belong some of the smallest Hy-
menoptera, the majority rarely attaining a millimeter in length, and
all of them seem to be parasitic only in the eggs of various spiders
(Arachnida).

Table of Genera.

1. Females 2

Males 9

2. Apterous forms 3

Winged 6

3. Scutellum distinct 4

Scutellum wanting Basus Haliday (type B. sei/iinulu7n Haliday).

4. Mesonotum without furrows ; lateral ocelli close the eye margin.

Basal segment of abdomen normal, without a horn 5

Basal segment of abomen a with horn Ceratobaeus Ashmead.

(type C. eormtlus ASHM.).

5. First abdominal segment as broad as the metathorax and only visbile as a trans-

verse line ; face with an antennal furrow, the occiput concave, the superior

margin sharp ; mandibles bidentate Acolus FoRSTER

(type A. opacits Thoms. ).

First abdominal segment subpetiolate, much narrower than the metathorax ; face

not or only slightly impressed, the superior margin of the occiput rounded ;

mandibles tridentate Acoloides Ho-cvard (type A. saitidis How.).

6. Basal segment of abdomen normal, without a horn 7

Basal segment of abdomen with a horn.

Mesonotum without furrows CeratobaeUS Ashmead.

June, 1903.J ASH.MKAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE PrOCTOTRYPOIDEA. 89

7. Mesonolum with parapsidal furrows 8

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows.

Mandibles bidentate Acolus Forster.

Mandibles tridentate Acoloides Ilo'warti.

S. First abdominal segment petioliform ; eyes bare ; lateral ocelli away from the eye

margin Thoron llaliday (type T. vietallicus Hal.).

9. Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows lo

Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 13

10. Lateral ocelli close to the eye margin ; antenna; filiform, moniiifonn or juhmonili-

form.

Basal nervure present Ii

Basal nervure wanting 12

11. Head subquadrate, only slightly wider than the thorax ; antennje slightly thickened

toward apex; basal abdominal segment petioliform, much narrower than the

metathorax BsUS Holiday.

Head transverse, much wider than the thorax ; eyes bare ; antenntc tapering
toward apex ; basal abdominal segment as wide as the metathorax.

Aeolus Forster.

12. Head transverse, scarcely wider than the thorax; eyes hairy; antenna; slightly

thickened toward apex Acoloides Howard.

13. AntennK filiform, the flagellar joints about thrice as long as thick.

Thoron Haliday.

Subfamily III. TELEASIN.-E.

This most interesting group is quite distinct from the others in an-
tennal, abdominal and venational peculiarities. The antenna; are
inserted rather close together on a clypeal prominence ; the abdomen
is always distinctly margined at the sides, narrowed towards the base,
the third segment the longest ; while the marginal vein is always long
or greatly lengthened, the stigmal vein minute, hardly developed.

The group differs also in habits from the Telenomina; and the
Baeinffi, since the species attack only the eggs of beetles, and not
the eggs of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and spiders.

Table of Genera.

1. Females 2

Males ... 9

2. Abdomen long-oval or long-ovate, the first segment petioliform, longer than

wide 3

Abdomen broadly oval, the first segment wider than long 7

3. First abdominal segment without a horn 4

First abdominal segment with a horn.

Postscutellum with three spines Pentacantha .•/.r//w^(7a'.

(type P. canadensis AsHM. ).

4. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 5

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows.. 6

90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

5. Metascutellum with three spines Trissacatltha As/imeaif.

(type T. americana Ashm. ).

Metascutellum with one spine Xenomerus Walker.

(type A', ergcmia Walk.).

6. Postscutellnm with a single large spine ; mandibles bifid, the outer tooth the larger.

Posterior femora, tibise and tarsi slender, the tibial spurs weak.

Prosacantha Nees (type P. longuomis Nees).
PosteHor femora swollen, tibia; dilated at apex, the basal joint of tarsi short,

stout, the tibial spurs not weak TelcaS Latreille.

(type T. ciavicorjiis 'Latk.).

7. Apterous forms 8

Winged.

Metascutellum with a spine or tuberculate Hoplogryon Ashmead.

(type H. niiiiutissitnus Ash>l).
Metascutellum simple, unarmed... Qryon HaliJay (type G. viisellus Hal.).

8. Metascutellum with a small spine or tubercle HopIogryon Ashmead.

Metascutellum simple without a spine or tubercle Qryon Haliday.

9. Abdomen long-oval, the first segment petioliform ; marginal vein very long... 10
Abdomen broadly oval, the first segment usually wider than long 13

10. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows II

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows 12

11. Postscutellum with three spines ; antennae very long, filiform, pubescent.

Trissacantha Ashmead.
Postscutellum with one spine ; antenna; with whorls of long hairs.

Xenomerus Walker.

12. Hind femora not swollen, the tibial spurs not developed, the basal joint of tarsi

long, slender ; antennse long, filiform, the flagellar joints at least four times as

long as thick, the third joint excised at base Prosacatltha Xces.

Hind femora swollen, the tibial spurs developed, the basal joint of tarsi short,
stout; antennae filiform, the flagellar joints usually less than thrice as long as
thick Teleas Lati-eille.

13. Postscutellum with a small spine or tubercle ; antennre filiform, the flagellar

joints elongate Hoplogryon Ashmeaa.

Postscutellum without a small spine or tubercle ; antennae filiform, the joints
scarcely longer than thick , Qryon Haliday.

Subfamily IV. SCELIONIN.E.
In having the abdomen always distinctly carinated at the sides
this subfamily comes closest to the Teleasin^, but here the resemblance
ceases, the abdomen, except in a few cases, being much more elon-
gated and pointed, or fusiform, and extends beyond the tips of the
wings when folded. With a little knowledge of the forms the stu-
dent may at a glance recognize a species falling in this group, but
when in doubt the venation may always be depended upon to distin-
guish the group, being quite characteristic. The postmarginal vein,

June, 1903.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROCTOTKYrOIDFA. 91

except in a few cases, is always fully developed and longer than the
marginal, while the stigmal vein is never very short. The few forms
without a postmarginal vein have the submarginal vein ending in a
stigma {BcToiieiini and Sce/io).

The species falling in the groups confine their attacks principally
to the eggs of orthopterous and hcmipterous insects.

Table of Genera.

1. Females 2

Males 31

2. Postmarginal vein always greatly lengthened, the submarginal vein complete,

never ending in a stigma 3-

Postmarginial vein wanting or poorly developed, always shorter than the stigmal
vein, the submarginal vein often abbreviated and ending in a large stigma ;
abdomen long, fusiform 26-

3. Basal nervure present, distinct 4

Basal nervure wanting 1 5

4. Basal abdominal segment without a horn 5

Basal abdominal segment with a horn.

Marginal vein short ; abdomen long, pointed-fusiform, the first segment nar-
row, petioliform, the second and third segments nearly equal.

Caloteleia West-wood [i-^^t C).

Marginal vein long ; abdomen long, linear or subfusiform, the first segment
quadrate or nearly Baryconus Forsier (type unknown).

5. Abdomen long, pointed-fusiform or linear, with segments 2, 3 and 4 nearly

equal 6

Abdomen not so long, oblong-oval or fusifonn 9

6. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 7

M esonotum without parapsidal furrows 12

7. Metanotura with a large semicircular enclosed space at base 8

Metanotum without an enclosed space at base.

Mandibles 3-dentate Macroteleia Wesl-wood.

(type Af. dccnymoides Westw. )..
Mandibles 2-dentate Calliscelio Ashmcad (type C. latiducta AsHM.).

8. Marginal vein punctiform Chromoteleia Ashviead.

(type C. seinicyanea ASHM.).

9. Postscutellum spined lO

Postscutellum not spined, simple 13

10. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows li

Mesonotum without furrows 12

11. Mandibles 2dentate Opisthacantha As/tmead {\.y[>t O. me/lipes As,ny\.).

12. Mandibles 2-dentate.

Abdominal segments I and 2 of an equal length, the tliird long.

? Opisthacantha Ashmead..
Mandibles 3-dentate.

^ JocmxAi- Nnr \osx Ektomolc^gicai Soqet . xl

A"-in-imriMil s^BkeBfis 2 ssd 3 df an e^Bfii Jettfzi, the sist sboiT.

LapCtlia Ashm£/i£ (trpe I~ srzmjsa AsHM.).
T " '■^'''— r— :f" T-sr: shaCi. ce aoc avxc ''?" "~ ?" '" ibe '■=^"j-"'; of the snsroal T-eais, iqosi
irs^asax.'T psrwaiiiiim
Iles-zoiiT— trjih paj^jsiilitl wrmoirs, ^._ I4

CsocBhS .4ii£«cf^-:^"^ ui-"ac- R£eT preoc
(npe a E^s-Kzi: ASHM. 1.

i4j_ Glib of BTpf-^?' 5- DC D-joESsai,.™^ Aat^ris F?rszgr.

rrre A . ^-st-izs -ri- ASH3£. "^ .

'Ij~r ncc i"^^ <'==~^ — ;:-■"- ^-.^ ~:Rr^eIrEg •^'Mti?" ApcSBS I^iTstcr.

I rvpe A. leptacsne Y^^stemS\.

J _3ii3BfaB8sfe Hoploteleia --'-r-^.- -:--".

ij. AhiVimep not vgy loa^ o*i>be c: ; ■; '-

iJf 'l Hj'*** * " * IHMWWftp^^ , , , . ._.„^_.,,. . 10

■1 ^^lltTO « 11 » M'llll iHMAJgV^M .,,, I , I^

iSl IfogMSnies j-deaagte: « — Caccllus - .tjji.

i^ IHanrRhVs 3-dgai:^ Macroteleia

Tibmggites 2-dsi^!s Caloteleia

3Q. "Wimffliles a-&aEHte; M»Hi*l>nrax ^Bmaedl AHtetis ^2^.s:<7'.

Passoae^Bm zzmed vitk £ i^ii^ OpisllmraitlBl Aiimemd.

22. A'pritimfa millauia a boBM ag base . 23

^^wgimail ^an ^Ufft .,,..,-- CalOteleia Ji'estzeve^.

'Mm-^taii ipgia loQg Barjconus Flrztgr.

25. AJgdomea btaoidlyoral, sesal^ &e Benid ai^MfcJt ^scall j £ l:rlt 'Jie l^r^er_. 25
Aifadnnnga act JanaBiSr o«^ Icng-^sifai^

C Iffq ' *^ ^>^tttt ^wup <— fy S— y— t^«i ^ ^.--^ ^-i

Cfaib GB *»nn'w«g' 6-}Qoied ; aiadooaraBl ^'g^>r'1t^ls T<nniitt]I..CfirHlnB A^ c Trr.: j.
2j^ CUnb cf aateasis orsl, f-iomied : abdomnBal s^^esCs sDa^lj ascstzklad.
CteanstiOfeaEHS Askmf»d (tjpe C kicsli>r ASFV. }.
Onb cf — »'*™«g' 4-7csBited, ^k fiomde joiaB voj immfc', traasvose, the pe£od
^ loBg as&e ost tisee or ib«- jcwifeMwird ; aLi . ^ i

1 1 II till, (^ iV^il ii^imm iIm 1iw|j;i 'iil . z.~.z.^z.'-

25. CSaob <3f •Mfa^'M*' 6|oi3Btted.__JiadraaateS Firzla- (trpe ^. caJic!*-: F:>£5rEX).

36. '"inTainHj^miill iqa leaAig Ae oosta cfiea by a Ayjrfwpd Wigwii — 27

Snlaaaipiid voB eB&^ it a kaab or sl^aa, bt not « 111 Uni'ife dte ooeza.
TCzii^ namwi, fiasged ; iiIiiIiimi ■ sad Aff s^"d, lo^ aad pointed.

Baeoneura Fzrztfr ftjpe imkownj.

June, 1903.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE PrOCTOTRYPOIDEA. 93

27. Submarginal vein ending in a thickened stigma 2£

Submarginal vein not ending in a thickened stigma.

Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows ; marginal vein very short, the post-
marginal vein hardly developed or shorter than the stigma.

Idris Forster (type I. Jiavicornis FrjRSTER).

28. Head normal, without a frontal lamina or ledge ; postmarginal vein not devel.

oped 29

Head abnormal, with a frontal lamina or ledge ; scutellum quadrate, the posterior
angles acute ; postscutellum with a large ergct spine.

Acanthoscelio Ashmead (type A. americanus Ashm. ).
Scutellum and postscutellum normal, the latter not spined.

Sparasion Jurine (type S. frontale Latr. ) .

29. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 30

Mesonotum without furrows or very rarely distinct.

Maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed..Scello Latreille (type .S. mgnlosa L.A.TR. ).

30. Maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed ScqWo Latteille.

Maxillary palpi long, 5-jointed Sceliomorpha Ashmead.

(type S. longicornis AsHM. ).

31. Postmarginal vein always greatly lengthened, the submarginal vein complete,

never ending in a stigma 32

Postmarginal vein wanting or poorly developed, always shorter than the stigmal
vein, the submarginal vein often abbreviated and ending in a large stigma ;
abdomen usually long 49

32. Basal nervure present, distinct 33

Basal nervure wanting 42

33. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 34

Mesonotum without furrows 38

34. Metathorax with a large semicircular enclosed space 37

Metathorax without an enclosed space.

Postscutellum not spined 35

Postscutellum spined 41

35. Marginal vein longer than the stigmal vein 36

Marginal vein punctiform or not longer than the stigmal vein.

Mandibles 3-dentate Caloteleia IVestwood.

Mandibles 2-dentate A nteris Forster.

36. Mandibles 3-dentate.

First joint of the flagellum scarcely longer than the third, the latter excised.

Macroteleia Wesho.
First joint of the flagellum much longer than the third... Baryconus Forster.

37. Mandibles 3-dentate ; marginal vein punctiform Chromoteleia Ashmead.

38. Postscutellum not spined 39

Postscutellum spined 44

39. Marginal vein long, always longer than the stigmal vein 40

Marginal vein punctiform, or shorter than the stigmal vein.

Mandibles 3-dentate.

First joint of the flagellum very long Caloteleia IVestwood.

First joint of flagellum shorter than the second Cacellus Ashm.

94 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

40. Mandibles 3-dentate Baryconus ForsUr.

41. Marginal vein longer than the stigmal vein; mandibles 3-dentate.

Lapitha Ashmead.
Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein ; mandibles 2-dentate.

Opisthacantha Ashnuad.

42. Mesonotum with parapsidal furrows 43

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows 45

43. Mesonotum with two furrows 44

Mesonotum with three furrows.

Postscutellum bidentate ; tip of abdomen ending in two short prongs.

Hoploteleia Ashmead.

44. Metathorax unarmed : mandibles 3-dentate Macroteleia IVestwood.

Metathora.x bidentate; mandibles 2-dentate ? Cacellus Ashm.

45. Postscutellum simple, not spined 46

Postscutellum spined O^xsWiZiCQXiWidi Ashmead.

46. Metathorax unarmed, simple 47

Metathorax with two small teeth at apex ; mandibles 2- dentate.. Cacellus Ashm.

47. Abdominal segments not strongly constricted 48

Abdominal segments strongly constricted ; antennae subclavate.

Cremastobseus Ashmead.

48. Antennce subfiliform, slightly and gradually thickened towards apex, the flagellar

joints after the first not or not much longer than thick. ..HadronotUS Fonfer.

49. Submarginal vein usually reaching the costa, usually but not always stigmated at

apex 50

Submarginal vein not reaching the costa, ending in a knob...BaBOneura ForsUr.

50. Submarginal vein ending in a stigma 51

Submarginal vein not ending in a stigma.

Mesonotum with two furrows ; marginal vein very short, the postmarginal
vein hardly developed or shorter than the stigma Idris Forster.

51. Head without a frontal ledge or lamina 52

Head with a frontal ledge or lamina.

Scutellum quadrate, the hind angles acute ; postscutellum spined.

AcanthOSCelio Ashmead.
Scutellum and postscutellum normal S^arnsiOU Jitritte.

52. Mesonotum without furrows or rarely distinct 53

Mesonotum with two furrows.

Antennoe 12-jointed, long ; maxillary palpi long, 5-jointed.

Sceliomorpha Ashmead.
Antennce lo-jointed, not long ; maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed.

Scelio Latreille.
53.. Antennic lo-jointed ; maxillary palpi short, 3-jointed Scelio Latreille.

Family LVII. PLATYGASTERID.i:.
This is probably one of the largest families in the superfamily
Proctotrypoidea, the most widely distributed and of great economic
importance, the species all being parasitic in dipterous larvae, belong-

June, 1903] ASHMF.AD : CLASSIFICATION' OF THE PrOCTOTRYPOIDEA. 95

ing principally to the families Cecidomyiidre and the Tipulidre. The
gall-inhabiting and fungus-inhabiting species are especially subject to
their attacks.

Species belonging to the genus Ainitus Haldeman are, however,
reared from species belonging to the homopterous family AleurodidK,
but since these insects also have dipterous parasites or dipterous in-
sects associated with them, it is quite probable that the Amiti come
from the Diptera and not from the aleurodids.

The family is quite closely allied to the Scelionidx, where Haliday
placed it, but from that family it may be easily separated by the dif-
ferent antennce which are never more than lo-jointed, by the 2-jointed
maxillary palpi, by the i -jointed labial palpi, and by the mandibles
which are always bidentate.

Table ok Subfamilies.
Submarginal vein in front wings clavate or ending in a stigma or knob.

Subfamily I. INOSTEMMIN.-E.

Submarginal vein in front wings entirely absent or only indicated at the base, never

clavate or knobbed at apex. Subfamily II. PLATYGASTEKIX^-E.

Subfamily I. INOSTEMMIN.E.

Table of Genera.

1. Females 2

Males 8

2. Tarsi 5-jointed 3

Tarsi 4-jointed.

Antennx 8-jointed, the flagellar joints nodose-pedicellate, with whorls of
hairs ; submarginal vein ending in a small knob.

Iphetrachelus haliday (type /. lar Hal.).

3. Antennae I o-jointed 4

Antennce 9-jointed Allotropa Forstey (type A. itieirida FoRST. ).

4. Front wings with a basal nervure 5

Front wings without a basal nervure 6

5. Mesonotum with the furrows distinct or faint.

Club of antennce 3-jointed MetacHsiS Fdrster.

(type Platygaster ojcolatiis Hal. ).
Club of antennce 4-jointed Monocrita Forster {\.y}^e M. alinas FuRST. ).

6. Lateral ocelli nearer the inner margin of the eye than to the front ocellus 7

Lateral ocelli nearer the front ocellus than to the inner margin of the eye.

Club of antennce 4-jointed Isostasius Fdrster.

(type Platygaster punctiger Nees).

7. Basal segment of the abdomen with a horn that extends forwards over the thorax ;

mesonotum with faint furrows Inostemma Haliday.

(type J'latygaster boscii).

96 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Basal segment of the abdomen normal, without a horn ; mesonotum with distinct
furrows; club of antennae 4-jointed, the funicle joints slender, cylindrical.

Acerota FSrster.

8. Tarsi 5 -jointed 9

Tarsi 4-jointed.

Antennae lo-jointed, with whorled hairs Iphetrachelus Haliday.

9. Antennae lo-jointed 10

Antennae 9-jointed, with whorled hairs Allotropa Forster.

lo. Front wings with a basal nervure il

Front wings without a basal nervure of the submarginal vein ending in a knob. 12
li. Mesonotum with two faint furrows or with distinct fuiTows. Antenna sub-
clavate, moniliform, the first joint of the funicle very minute, the second some-
what larger, the following to the tenth large, gradually enlarged; the last the

largest, conical MetaclisiS Forster.

Antennae filiform submoniliform, the first joint of the funicle very minute, the
second larger, thickened, curved, the third small, triangular, the following,
except the last, transverse-moniliform, the last conical. ..Monocrita Forster.

12. Lateral ocelli nearer tlie inner margin of the eye than to the front ocellus 13

Lateral ocelli nearer the front ocellus than to the inner margin of the eye ; pedicel

obconical, rather long ; club of antennae 4-jointed Isostasius Forster.

13. Mesonotum with faint furrows ; antennae moniliform, pubescent, the first two

funiclar joints nearly equal, the second somewhat curved, the third small, tri-
angular, the four following moniliform, the last conical.

Inostemma Haliday.

Mesonotum with two distinct furrows ; antennae filiform, pubescent, the second
funicular joint long, cylindrical, longer than the first, the third shorter than the
first, the following oval, the last about thrice as long as thick.

Acerota Forster.

Subfamily II. PLATYGASTERIN.'E.

To this subfamily belong all species with veinless wings, all the
veins being wholly gone or obliterated, except sometimes the sub-
marginal vein basally ; if present it is, however, never knobbed, as in
the Inostemmince.

The genera recognized in this group are much more numerous and
more difficult to separate than those in the previous subfamily, but it
is believed that the characters made use of in the table below will be
sufficient for their recognition.

Table of Genera.

1. Females.. 2

Males 18

2. Scutellum lengthened, spined, or when shortened, compressed at the sides and

furnished with an awl-shaped thorn, spine or tubercle 3

Scutellum not lengthened semicircular, either fiat or convex, cushion-shaped, or
cupuliform, and always unarmed 9

June, i90j.] ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE ProCTOTRYPOIDEA. 97

3. Scutelluin ending in a strong awi-shaped spine, short tliorn or tubercle 5

Scutellum lengthened, triangular, or produced into a long, acute spine.

Thorax not strongly compressed from the sides 4

Thorax strongly compressed from the sides.

Head large, rounded or quadrate Piestopleura F'drster.

(type Platygaster catillus Walk.).

4. Mesonotum with deep furrows, parallel posteriorly; club of antennre abrupt, 4-

jointed XestonotUS Forster (type X. rnfidi^ens FoRST. ).

Mesonetum with feebly impressed furmws or the furrows absent ; club of an-
tenna; 4-jointed Amblyaspis Forsler (type A. alicna FoRST.).

5. Scutellum with a short thorn or tubercle at tip 6

Scutellum with a strong, awl-shaped thorn at tip.

Lateral ocelli nearer the inner magin of the eye than to the front ocellus ;

club of antenncE 4-jointed Leptacis Forster.

(type PlcUygi-isla- tipuhi KiRBV).
Lateral ocelli not nearer the margin of the eye than to the front ocellus ; club

of antenn;^ 3-jointed Isorhombus Forster (type unknown).

6. Abdomen not especially lengthened 7

Abdomen very much lengthened.

Club of antennre 5-jointed ; lateral ocelli as near to the front ocellus as to

the eye margin Polymecus Forster.

(t>'pe Platygaster creterus Walkkr).

7. Second ventral segment normal 8

Second ventral segment abnormal, strongly compressed, sack-like, the terminal

segment narrowed, resembling a tail.
Lateral ocelli their width from the eye margin ; club of antenna: 4-jointed.

SactOgaster Forster.
(type Fpimecis z'eiitm/is Westw.).

8. Lateral ocelli close to the eye margin, touching or almost touching it ; club of

antennas 4-jointed, the joints briefly pedicellate Synopeas Forster.

(type .S". melampus Forst.).

9. Scutellum not cupuliform 10

Scutellum cupuliform, similar to the cynipoid genus Eucoila.

Lateral ocelli fully their width from the eye margin ; mesonotum without a
trace of furrows Ccelopelta Ashmead (type C. iiiirabilis Ashnl).

10. Scutellum convex or cushion- shaped 12

Scutellum flattened, or at most subconvex.

Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows more or less distinct 11

Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows.

Antennre lO-jointed, the club 3- or 4-jointed Anopedias Forster.

(type A. obscicriis Thoms. ).

Antennre 8-jointed, the club 3-jointed Fidiobia Ashmead.

(type F. Jlavipes AsHM. ).

11. Antenna; long, S-jointed, the club not jointed AmitUS Haldeman.

(type Amittis aleurodinus H.\Ln. ).

12. Scutellum without a tuft of hairs at tip I3

Scutellum with a tuft of hairs at tip.

08 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin ; club of antennce 5-jointed.

TrichaciS Forster (type Platygasler pesis WALKER ).

13. Abdomen not much lengthened 14

Abdomen very much lengthened.

Club of antenna- 5-iointed ; mesonotal lines distinct.

Poly meCUS Forster ( partim ) .

14. Lateral margins of the abdomen normal 15

Lateral margins of the abdomen broadly deflexed.

Mesonotal furrows distinct Hypocampsis Forster.

(type H. /lyaHnata Thomson),

15. Thorax short, the scutellum pillow-shaped, separated from the mesonotum by a

deep furrow 16

Thorax more elongate, the scutellum not separated from the mesonotum by a
deep furrow ; mesonotal furrows distinct 17

16. Face with a distinct keel between the antenna Eritrissomerus Ashmead.

(type E. cecidomyiiL AsHM. ).

Face without a keel between the antenna Polygnotus Forster.

(type Platygaster striolata Nees).

17. Lateral ocelli nearer the eye margin than to the front ocellus.

Platygaster Latreille (type P. rufipes Latr. )
Lateral ocelli nearer the front ocellus than to the eye margin.

Isocybus Forster (type Platygaster grandis Nees).

18. Scutellum lengthened, never semicircular ; if shortened it is compressed at the

sides and furnished with an awl-shaped thorn or tubercle 19

Scutellum not lengthened, semicircular, or either flat, convex or cushion-
shaped 25

19. Scutellum lengthened, triangular, often produced into. a long, acute spine 20

Scutellum not lengthened, with an awl-shaped thorn, short thorn or tubercle. 22

20. Thorax not strongly compressed from the sides 21

Thorax strongly compressed from the sides.

Head large, rounded or quadrate Piestopleura Forster.

21. Mesonotal furrows deep, parallel posteriorly Xestonotus Forster.

Mesonotal furrows at most feebly impressed or wanting. ...Amblyaspis Forster.

22. Scutellum with a short thorn or tubercle at apex 23

Scutellum with a strong awl-shaped thorn at apex.

Lateral ocelli nearer the eye margin than to the front ocellus.

LaptaciS Forster.

Lateral ocelli nearer the front ocellus than to the eye margin or not nearer

to the eye margin than to the front ocellus Isorhombus Forster.

23. Abdomen not much lengthened 24

Abdomen much lengthened, longer than the head and thorax united, the second

segment very large.
First joint of flagellum minute, rounded, the second large, dilated.

PoIygmecuS Forster.

24. Ocelli their width from the eye margin Sactogaster Forster.

Ocelli close to the eye margin Synopeas Forster.

25. Scutellum not cupuliform, convex or flattened 26

Jane, 1903.] MacGiLLIVRAY : WlXDIXG ElBOW-PINS. 99

Scutellum cupuliform as in the Figitid genus Eucolia; mesonotum without furrows.

Coelopelta Ashmead.

26. Scutellum convex or cushion -shaped 27

Scutellum quite flat or almost subconvex.

Mesonotal furrows distinct; antennae verticellate AmitUS Ilaldenian.

Mesonotal furrows wanting or distinct ; antennx lo-jointed, not verticillate
subclavate Anopedlas Fdrster.

27. ScutelUim without a tuft of hairs at apex 28

Scutellum with a tuft of hairs at apex.

Lateral ocelli away from the left margin ; club of antennre 6-jointed, the first
funicle joint small, the second large, much longer than thick, the third
shorter; parapsidal furrows complete Trichacis forster.

28. Lateral margins of abdomen normal 29

Lateral margins of abdomen broadly deflexed.

Lateral ocelli nearer to the eye margin than to the front ocellus ; club of
antennce 4- or 5-jointed, the first joint smallest ; parapsidal furrows want-
ing or incomplete Hy pocampsis Fdrster.

29. Thorax not short, more elongate ; scutellum not separated from the mesonotum

by a deep furrow; mesonotal furrows distinct, rarely incomplete 30

Thorax short ; scutellum pillow-shaped or highly convex, separated from the
mesonotum by a deep furrow ; mesonotal furrows variable, more rarely dis-
tinct or complete, sometimes wanting.
Face with a sharp keel between the antennce ; third joint of antennre strongly

dilated Eritrissomerus Ashmead.

Face without a sharp keel between the antenuLV Polygnotus Forster.

30. Lateral ocelli nearer the eye margin than to the front ocellus.

Platygaster LotreiUe.
Lateral ocelli nearer the front ocellus than to the eye margin. ..Isocybus Forster.

WINDING ELBO^A^-PINS.

Alex. D. AL\cGillivrav.

Elbow-pins are useful for mounting minute insects of many kinds,
as Diptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera. They are
much firmer and neater appearing mounts than those made with
blotting-paper, bristol-board, cork or pith. Elbow-pins are not
listed by dealers in entomological supplies, and any tools that will
simplify the making of them are worthy of being noticed.

The apparatus described below was devised by Mr. J. O. Martin
while a student in the entomological laboratory of Cornell University.
It consists of two separate pieces, one for winding the coils t,c, and the
other for placing the coils on the pins.

100

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

The tool used in winding the coils (Fig. i) consists of a piece of
brass wire one fourth of an inch in diameter and three inches in
length and roughened in the middle so as not to tire the fingers, ic.
One end is planed off square and has from two to six holes bored in
this end, i/^, one hole being placed in the center and the others being
arranged around the periphery. In the central hole there is placed a
steel needle or pin, la, that fits the hole so snug that it will not turn.

The pin should project a half inch or more beyond the end of the
tool and should be slightly smaller in caliber than the insect pin on
which it is intended to place the coils. The holes around the pe-
riphery are for holding the head of the pin while the coil is being
wound, and should be not less than one half an inch in depth and of
different sizes, so as to fit the heads of the various sized pins that may
be used for elbows.

The winding of the the coils is accomplished as follows : The head
of the pin to be wound is inserted in one of the peripheral holes and
bent out at right angles to the tool, being careful while doing this to
see that the head of the pin is held firmly at the bottom of the hole.
The free end of the pin is now turned against the side of the central
steel pin, ja, and held there by the left thumb while the tool is ro-
tated between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand until several

June, 1903.1 MacGillivray : Winding Elkow-pins. 101

turns are made around the central steel pin, two, three or more as the
operator may desire, care being taken to see that the coils of the pin
are close together and fit tight to the central steel pin, Fig. 2. If the
pin is not kept at the bottom of the peripheral hole when it is bent
out at right angles, it is (juite likely to draw out of the hole while the
winding is being done. When the coil is completed, Fig. 3, it is
removed from the central steel pin and the head and the portion of
the pin between it and the coil is cut off close up to the coil with a
pair of shears or with a pair of wire side cutters. The coils are now
placed on the pins and shoved through one of the holes in the steel
plate, Fig. 4, which places them on the pin firmly and raises them all
to the same height. Now all that needs to be done is to turn the
apical third of the pin up at right angles and the operation is com-
pleted, Fig. 5.

The tool used in placing the coils on the pins is a steel plate with
a number of holes bored through it and fastened over a hole in a
wooden block, the thickness of the block depending on the height
at which it is desired to place the coils. The size of the holes should
be slightly larger than the diameter of a No. 5 Klager insect pin.

In my own experience I have found that the black Schliiter pins,
No. 00, make the best elbows. The points are very fine and the pins
are springy, causing them to hold firmly to the upright pin. If Schlii-
ter pins one and five eighth inches in length are used, the peripheral
holes should be deeper, otherwise the elbows will be too long. The
ideal calibered pin to carry the elbows would be one of the size of a
No. 3 Klager, but I have found it impossible to find anything strong
enough of this size to serve as the central steel pin and so have
adopted the No. 5 Klager as the size on which to places the elbows.

Where it is desired to make the elbows in quantity it will be found
a great saving of time to do one thing at a time, that is, wind a num-
ber of the coils, then cut off the heads, shove them on the carrying
pins, and finally bend them. If the tool is properly constructed, but
little mechanical skill is required. I have frequently taught students
in ten minutes so that they could make as perfect elbows and coils as
one who had had considerable experience.

102 Journal New York Entomological- Society. [Voi. xi.

A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES
OF PRONUBA AND PRODOXUS.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

The late Dr. C. V. Riley was especially interested in these genera
and has published much valuable and detailed matter on their structure
and habits. His specific descriptions are, however, more or less in-
complete or scattered, except in his paper in the third report of the
Missouri Botanical Garden (pp. 99-158, pis. 34-43, 1892). As this
is a botanical journal, not usually accessible to entomologists, and as
Riley gives no synoptic tables, I have thought it advisable to treat
the forms from the standpoint of species in a brief synoptic form. It
will only be necessary to refer to Dr. Riley's account of the relations
of these insects to their host plants.

Genus Pronuba Riley.

Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings white.

Fore wings unspoUed yuccasella.

Fore wings spotted.

Marginal spots distinct, separate maculata.

Marginal spots clouded, confluent var. apicella.

Fore wings not white.

Fore wings dead black aterrima.

Fore wings obscure, dull gray paradoxa .

Pronuba yuccasella Riley.

This well-known species is easily recognized by its pure white
fore wings and gray hind wings with white fringe, but it is so similar
to Prodoxus qiiinquepiinctelbis that it is very difficult to distinguish set
specimens. The pup!;e are entirely unlike.
Pronuba maculata Riley.

The type specimens are from Caliente, Kern Co., Gal. The
variety apicella is from Los Angeles Co., Gal, from seeds of Yucca
whipplei. The black subapical spot of typical maculata is here pro-
duced into a blotch and a black clouding confuses and joins the
marginal spots.
Pronuba aterrima Trelease.

Described as a variety of maculata (4th Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard.,
216 note, 1893), but represents a distinct species, I should think.
The description reads :

June, 1903.] DyAR : REVIEW OF PRONaiHA AND PrODOXUS. 103

'^ Pronuha macttlata, var. ateniina, n. var. Characters of the species, but the
chitinized parts smoky brown, and the scales of a dead black color throughout or a
few pale ones near the tips of the primaries. Living as a larva in the forming seeds
•of Hesperoyucca whipplei var. graniinifolia, the flowers of which are pollinated by the
female imago. In the foothills immediately north of San Bernardino, Cal."

Pronuba paradoxa Riley.

'I'his was mentioned by Riley as paradoxa (1S89) but described
by him later as sytithetica (1892). There is no description accom-
panying the first name, yet enough is given to determine the species,
since there can hardly be a doubt of the identity of the species of
Pronuba which fertilizes Yucca h-evifoUa in the Mojave desert, and
these points are mentioned. The first name will hold therefore.

Genus Prodoxus Riley.

Synopsis of Species.
Wings with ground color white.

Fore wing white, rarely with a few black dots.

Medium-sized species, hind wings gray with white fringe. ,^

Smaller, expanse 15-22 mm quinquepunctellus. f \\^^^ ^

Larger, 25 mm intermedius. "^^' i

Small species, hind wings white with gray costal border sordidus. ^

Fore wing with conspicuous dark markings, rarely obsolescent.
Wings without transverse median bands.

A marginal black border before fringe marginatus. -f-

Outerhalfof wing powdered with black pulveruletltus. -f-

Wings with transverse median bands.

Bands forming two V-shaped marks on costa reticulatus. <

Bands forming one ^'-shaped mark on costa.
Markings distinct.

The two basal bands separate COloradensis. -^

These bands joined, forming a Y-shaped mark on intcrnnl

margin var. confluens. ~-^

Markings faint, obsolescent var. lautus. -f-

Bands not forming a Y-shaped mark on costa.

A V-shaped mark resting on anal angle y=inversa. ^

Wings gray or brown.

Fore wing shining gray, rather light ; bind wing blackish cinereus. "

Fore wing dark gray; hind wing pellucid senescetlS.

The above synopsis will serve to distinguish the forms. P. intcr-
Tucdius seems rather poorly separated from (juinqucpunctcllus, the onl}-
obvious difference being the size ; but Dr. Riley figures apparently
marked differences in the shape of the ovipositor. The other species

104 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

are obviously distinct. References to the literature will be found in
Bulletin 52, U. S. N. M., except to the paper in the Report of the
Missouri Botanical Garden, referred to above.

THE REAL LARVA OF XANTHOPASTIS TIMAIS

CRAMER.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

A little while ago I described in this Journal (Vol. X, p. 125) a
larva from Florida under the name of timais. Since then Mr. E. A.
Schwarz has found larvae in Cuba which he has bred, and he brings
me a specimen in alcohol which he assures me is the true larva of the
species. It is not like the larva described by me, except in a super-
ficial way, and I therefore publish the following in correction. What
the larva is that I described has not yet been ascertained.

Larva. — Head rounded, slightly wider than high, scarcely bilobed ;
setae coarse, black ; light red, a round black spot on seta ii and one
over eye, jaws black-lined. Body cylindrical, subequal, joint 12-
scarcely enlarged, feet normal, equal. Cervical shield, bases of tho-
racic feet, abdominal feet and bases, posterior half of joint 12 and all
the ground color of 13, light red. Venter pale ; rest of body black,
spotted with white. Cervical shield with black spots on the tuber-
cles ; setae large and coarse ; tubercles large, somewhat elevated,
black. The white spots consist of three transverse rows per segment,,
the two anterior rows of small spots, the posterior row of larger spots,
in the positions of the usual lines, dorsal, subdorsal, suprastigmatal,
substigmatal and one at tubercle vi. Tubercle iv at the center of the
spiracle. Three black spots on the leg base at the setae ; claspers
black ; joints 12 and 13 heavily black-spotted at the tubercles. Spir-
acles black, that of joint 2 with white posterior border. Width of
head 3.2 mm.

The larva described by me differs in the tubercles being obscure
and reduced, the setje fine and short ; the head is higher and the black
spot on it is in a different place , the cervical shield is uncornified and
is black with some red in the neck only ; the distribution of the whit-
ish marks on the body is very different and the red color at the anal
end is less extensive and not spotted by black tubercles.

June, 1903.] Daecke : Larva of Phiprosopus callitrichoides. 105

THE LARVA OF PHIPROSOPUS
CALLITRICHOIDES.

By E. Daecke.

Bright mahogany red; sparsely pubescent, apparently naked ; about
the second and last abdominal segments of a somewhat lighter shade.
A fine ochraceous dorsal line on the first thoracic segment extending
over the head and widening at the mouth parts. From the fourth,
fifth and sixth abdominal segments, laterally, a light salmon-colored
band, each converging toward the dorsum into a patch. A gray band
indistinctly defined from the fourth segment, terminating V-shaped, of
dark brown color between the seventh and eighth segments. This V
being bordered by a fine silvery line on the seventh segment, inside
of which is a dark mahogany spot. A similar silvery line and mahog-
any-colored spot on the fourth segment. First segment with a slight
dorsal elevation. Second segment with a 7-8 mm. long process in-
clined forward and curled at the tip, rarely straight. A pale flesh
colored band before the dark-brown apex. Third segment with a 3
mm. long, bright mahogany process curling backward. First pair of
abdominal legs wanting. Length, about 26 mm.

Food-plant. — Sinilax rotundifoliiim .

When at rest the larva is S-shaped. The head and thoracic seg-
ments are held at right angles upward, and the three last segments are
also uplifted. It very much resembles in color and shape a ragged
and withered edge of a fresh leaf. The caterpillar spins a cocoon on
the stems of the plant near the base or on the ground near by. The
cocoon is usually covered with long pieces of small twigs, giving the
appearance of the sac of a caddis-fly larva. The moth when at rest
resembles a small dried leaf, the pale oblique line of the brown fore
wings resembling the vein of the leaf. The larva; were found August
25 ; pupated August 30 and the moth emerged the following June.

106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

ON THE GENERIC NAME OF THE CODLING

MOTH.*

By August Busck.

When I lately (Proc. Wash. Ent. See, II, p. 235, 1903) described
a striking western variety of the codling moth as Cydia pomojiella var,
simpsonii, I used the generic name Cydia on the strength of Lord
Walsingham's conclusion (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 130)
that Cydia was the proper name for the genus, and I employed the
name without investigation the more confidently because it had been
adopted by our American authority on the Tortricidce, Professor C. H.
Fernald in his recent list (U. S. Nat. Museum Bull. 52, p. 471, 1903).

Since then however Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has kindly called
my attention to a footnote in his bulletin on the codling moth (N.
INIex. Coll. Agr. Sta. Bull. 25, p. 47, 1898) in which he, through a
dexterous and logical manipulation of Lord Walsingham's own argu-
ments comes to a different result in favor of the long and generally
used name Carpocapsa, and being asked for my opinion about the
proper name to be used in a forthcoming departmental bulletin I was
led to go over the ground independently.

As I come to the same result as Professor Cockerell in favor of the
time-honored Carpocapsa though on different grounds, I venture to
give these in the hope that it may lead to a much needed generally
adopted scientific name for this insect.

I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Nathan Banks, whose
intimate knowledge of the old literature — so willingly imparted — has
helped me greatly in this study.

I also wish to thank Professor C. H. Fernald who most generously
came to my assistance in the last moment, when he realized that I
had committed an excusable but griveous error, which he was able to
correct.

Up to the year \^\'i pomonella Linne was placed in one or another
of the roomy genera Tinea and Tortrix.

In that year Hiibner erected his genus Cydia (Verz. bekannt.
Schmett., p. 375) including three species, /r^w<v/(?//i:?, Linn., aspidiscana
Hiibn. and monetulana Hiibn. ( = hohefnvarfhiana, Schiffermiiller and

* Read before Washington Entomological Society, May 14, 1903.

June, 1903.] BuscK : The Codling Moth. 107

Denis = cana ?Ia\vorth) . All three species are genetically distinct
and Hiibner did not indicate which was the type ; this consequently
must be determined by elimination.

In 1829 Treitschke erected the genus Carpocapsa (Treitschke
Schmett. Eur., VII, p. 231) and on the next page of the same work his
genus Grapholita appeared ; the first of these genera contained pomo-
nella Linn, and four other species, the latter contained //f//^//7i/ar//«'rt'//t?,
Schiff. and Den., aspidiscana. Hiibn. and eight others. No type was
indicated for either genus.

From these facts Lord Walsingham concluded (Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1897, p. 130) that one or another of Treitschke's two genera
must fall as synonyms with Cydia of Hiibner and making use of a sub-
sequent work by Stephens (111. Brit. Ent., Haust., IV, p. 119, 1834)
he determined that Carpocapsa^\vo\A^{zS\, while if his premises — that
one of the two genera must fall — had been right, Grapholita should
logically fall as pointed out by Prof. Cockerell and Carpocapsa be
retained as the first restriction of Cydia on account of its page prec-
edence.

As, however, a genus is not fixed before its type is determined and
as both Carpocapsa and Grapholita of Treitschke contained several
other species besides the three in Hiibner's Cydia none of them is
necessarily synonymous with this genus ; in fact none of them could
rightfully be made suclv according to the rules of nomenclature unless
all the species contained in them were truly congeneric, which is not
the case.

But the type of Carpocapsa had already been fixed as pomonella
before the above-mentioned work of Stephens, by Curtis (Brit.
Entom., VIII, p. 352, 1831), and that species could therefore not
rightfully subsequently be fixed as the type of Cydia, which must be
one of the remaining species of that genus.

Besides Curtis' work another earlier reference bearing on the sub-
ject is found, namely Kirby's and Spence's Introduction to Entomology
in which in Vol. Ill, p. 123, 1S26, pomoneiia Linn, is given the gen-
eric name Erminea.

This being the earliest elimination from Cydia it would have held
good for potnonclla, which as the only species mentioned must be re-
garded as the type of the genus, if the name Erminea had not previously
been used in another sense by Haworth.*

* That such is the case I did not realize before Professor Fernald called my atten-
tion to it.

108 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

To put it in more schematic form and in chronological order :

I. Hiibner, Verz., p. 375, 1818.
Cydia Hiibner.
poinonella Linn.
aspidiscana HUbn.

inonetulana Hiibn. (^ = cana Haw. =.hohen7uarthiana Schiff. ).
All three species belong to different genera ; no type indicated.

n. Kirby & Spence, Intr. Ent., HI, p. 123, 1826.
Erminea Kirby 6^ Spence.
pomouella Linn.
This being the first restriction of Cydia and poinoiiclla being the
only species mentioned in the genus it must be the type of that genus,
but as the name Erminea was preoccupied in another sense by Ha-
worth [Lep. Brit., HI, p. 512, 18 12] this name cannot be employed
for pomonella.

The date of Erminea Haworth is given by C. O. Waterhouse in his Index Zoolo-
gicus, 1902, as 1828, the correct date of Volume IV of Haworth's Lep. Brit., on the
first page of which (p. 512) the genus appears. This would make Erniinea Haworth
subsequent to Erminea of Kirby and Spence, whose name thus would stand, but
Professor Fernald informs me that part of that particular page (512) was published
already in Haworth's Volume III, 181 1, and subsequently republished as the first
page of Vol. IV.

Professor Fernald writes (letter of May 26, 1903) : " Erminea was first estab-
lished, so far as I know, by Haworth on the last page of his Lepidoptera Britannica,
which was published in 1811. The genus was described and the species evonymella
was given with its synonymy and description and then irrorea was given with the
Latin diagnosis, which was all there was room for on this page."

" Part IV of the Lepidoptera Britannica was published in 1828, as shown on the
outside cover of my copy, and also the date is given on the last page in this part.
Page 512 was reprinted as the first in Part IV. The author in the postscript at the
end of the work gives his reason for doing this. Waterhouse evidently found Erminea
on the first page in Part IV, but overlooked the fact that it had already been printed
in Part III. Tutt in his British Lepidoptera has made the same error. My copy is
in the original parts, a condition in which the work is now rarely found."

I should have been able to find this state of affairs out through a more careful
perusal of Stainton's Cat. Brit. Lep., Ill, 1851, on which work, together with those
of the modern authorities, I depended for the date of Erminea Haworth. As how-
ever the only reference to Erminea in the index of Stainton's work is to page 34 and
there is given the year 1829 as the date for the identical page 512 on which Erminea
is erected it did not occur to me to look further, before aroused by Professor Fernald' s
letter. On page 36 Stainton gives the date for page 512 as 1812 and 1829 and on
page 37 the single date 181 2.

June. iyo3.] BUSCK I ThE CoDLlNG MoTH. 109

III. Treitschke, Schmett. Europe, VIII, p. 231, 1829.

Carpocapsa Treitschke.
poinoiiaiia Linn.
splendana Hiibn.
7uoeberiaiia Schiff.
arcuana Linn.
aurana Hiibn.
No type indicated.

IV. Treitschke, Schmett, luirope, VIll, p. 232, 1829.

Q raphol ita Trcitsc/ike.
Fani. A. hohcnwaftJiiana Schiff. (= nwnctulatia Hiibn.).

hypericana Hiibn.

aspidisca na H ii b n .

zachana Hiibn.
Fam. B. hi mi la na Schiff.

dor Sana Hiibn.

montana Schiff.

cphippana Hiibn.

trauriana Hiibn.

gi/ndiana Hiibn.
No type indicated.

V. Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins., II, p. 179, 1829 (1830?)

Semasia Stephens,
poinoneihi Linn.
splendana Hiibn.
gross ana Haw.
tuoebcriana Schiff.
rheediclla Linn.
lanceolana Hiibn.
hypericana Hiibn.
perlepidana Haw.
piipi liana Linn.
pulvana Steph.

cana Haw. (= monctulana Hiibn.).
scopoliana Haw.
nifana Steph.
No type indicated.

VI. Curtis, Brit. Entom., VIII, p. 352, 1831,

110 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi. xi.

Curtis designated Titiea potnonella Linn, as the type of Carpocapsa
Treitschke. This definite assignment of pomonella as type of Carpo-
capsa was perfectly legitimate when Ermenia, Kirby and Spence is
invalid and effectually settles the question as 'far d& pomonella is con-
cerned. That species must from that date rightfully be known as
Carpocapsa pomonella. Lord Walsingham evidently overlooked this
reference in 1897.
VIL Stephens, 111. Brit. Entom., IV, p. 119, 1834.

Stephens makes Cydia a subdivision of his enlarged conception of
Carpocapsa including in \\. pomonella Linn., splendana Hiibn., gross-
ana Haw., aspidiscana Hiibn., thereby making the latter the type of
Cydia, pomonella being already constituted types of Carpocapsa and
grossana and splendana not being found in the original Cydia of
Hiibner.

Thus Carpocapsa should stand for the genus of which, pomo/iclla
Linn, is the type, the Carpocapsa of Meyrick (Handbook Brit. Lep.,
p. 515, 1895) and Rebel (Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Europe,
II, p. 125, 1 901) and the Cydia of Walsingham (Proc. Z06I. Soc.
Lond., p. 130, 1897) and of Fernald (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52,
p. 471, 1903).

Cydia Hiibner should be used for the genus of which aspidiscana
Hubn. is the type as rightly employed by Meyrick instead of Scmasia
of Rebel's Catalogue and instead of Tliiodia of Walsingham and
Professor Fernald.

As a well-known entomologist, whose oral parts are developed on
more romantic curves than mine expressed it :

" Fair Lady Pomonella was the heiress to all the apple orchards of
the Pacific Northwest. Count Cydia and Baron Carpocapsa were two
adventurous Austrian noblemen with a long black history. For many
years Lady Pomonella, under the care of her guardian Sir John Curtis,
had been keeping company with Baron Carpocapsa and it seemed that
their marriage was assured. But her godfather Lord Walsingham who
had heard of her early affection for Count Cydia discovered that
nobleman in retirement at Stephen's hermitage. He reintroduced
Count Cydia, who soon won Lady Pomonella' s affection and their
announcements were even published by Father Fernald in Dyar's Blue-
book of the best Society in spite of hermit Cockerell's earnest protesta-
tions. At this moment, an alleged English Knight Earl Erminea of
Kirbyshire, who had crossed foreign seas to fight the haughty Saracen,

June, 1903] Proceedings of the Society. Ill

returned and ir:duced Busck's Detective Agency under promise of
fame and fortune to introduce him to Lady Pomonella, whom he
had not seen since his boyhood.

" He then attacked Baron Carpocapsa with three years' priority,
stabbed Count Cydia with a monotype and eloped with the bhishing
Lady Pomonella. But alas ! It was a short-lived bliss, as they were
confronted at the very altar by Father Fernald who had looked up
Earl Erminea's credentials and soon discovered that he was a prepos-
terous pi'etender, travelling under the assumed name of the long-
deceased Prince Erminea of Haworthia, and he was consequently at
once ignominiously dumped into the sheol of homonymy.

" And Baron Carpocapsa regained consciousness in the nick of time
and was brought to the altar to the anxious bride Pomonella, who was
trembling lest the ceremony should again be nolle prossed.

" May they now live in peace ! "

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of Tuesday, January 6, 1903.

The annual meeting of the Society was held at the American Museum of Natural
History. President Groth in the chair. Sixteen members present.

The report of the treasurer was presented and referred to the Auditing Committee.

Mr. Leng reported that a room had been reserved at the Hotel Endicott for the
evening, January 24, when the annual dinner of the Society would take place.

A canvass of the members present was taken to determine the number who would
attend the dinner. Seventeen signified their intention to be present.

On motion the dinner committee were instructed to invite the members of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society.

Nominations for the elections of officers for the year 1903 were then called for,
and the following names were presented :

Eor President, C. F. Groth and Wm. Bcutenmiiller ; * Vice-President, Charles
W. Leng ; Recording and Corresponding Secretary, H. G. Barber ; Treasurer, L. H.
Joutel and E. G. Love ; Librarian, C. Schaeffer ; Executive Committee, W. D.
Kearfotl, \V. T. Davis, E. B. Southwick, C. Roberts, Wm. Bcutenmiiller, Charles
Palm, H. F. Kudlich, G. Beyer, Charles W. Leng and C. F. Groth; Publication
Committee, E. G. Love, C. Schaefier, L. H. Joutel, H. Hug, W. D. Kearfott,
Henry Bird and Wm. Beutenmiiller. The following were elected :

* Name withdrawn at request of candidate.

112 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

President, C. F. Groth ; Vice-President, Charles W. Leng ; Recording and
Corresponding Secretary, H. G. Barber ; Treasurer, L. H. Joutel ; Librarian, C.
Schaeffer ; Executive Committee, W. T. Davis, C. VV. Leng, Wm. Beutenmiiller,
Charles Palm and E. G. Love ; Publication Committee, Wm. Beutenmiiller, W. D.
Kearfott, H. Hug and Henry Bird.

The following committees were appointed by the president :

Field Committee : W. T. Davis and J. R. de la Torre-Bueno ; Auditing Com-
mittee : E. B. Southwick, H. G. Barber and C. Schaeffer ; Delegates to Scientific
Alliance : E. G. Love and T. D. O'Connor.

The treasurer presented a bill for $18. "jg in payment for boxes used in storing
away the Journals, also, a bill for expressing Journals from Mr. Palm's residence to
the Museum for ^2.50. On motion these bills were allowed.

Mr. Love moved that ^^25. 00 be transferred from the Society's account to the
Journal fund. Carried.

Ellison A. Smyth, Jr. and C. T. Brues were elected active members of the Society.

Dr. Walther Horn and Mr. Charles Dury were elected corresponding members.

Adjournment.

Meeting of January 20, 1903.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Groth in chair.
Fifteen members and three visitors present.

The Librarian reported that he has made a complete list of the books belonging
to the Society, and that he assorted, counted and stored away in boxes the back vol-
umes of the Journal.

Mr. Leng reported that the annual dinner would be held at the Hotel Endicott
on the evening of January 24.

The Secretary read the resignation of Henry Bird from the Publication Com-
mittee, which was accepted with regrets.

Mr. Meyer proposed the following amendment to the Constitution and By-Laws :

Article IV, shall be amended to read "Officers shall be elected at the annual
meeting of the Society by a majority vote of the members present in person and voting
at that meeting. Proxies shall not be accepted."

Mr. Davis stated that seven specimens of HomogLra carnosa Grote were found
at Lakehurst, New Jersey, resting on huckleberry bushes at twilight, on October 18
and 19, 1902. A specimen was given to the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, was identified by W. Beutenmiiller to be this species. Another specimen
was sent to Prof. John B. Smith, who stated that the identification was correct and that
the specimen was the first he had been able to add to his collection. It seems to be
a rare moth in this vicinity. Another moth new to the New Jersey list is Catocala
herodias Streck. Two specimens were captured on pine trees at Lakehurst, New
Jersey, on the 12th and 13th of July.

Mr. Joutel exhibited a box of ivteXvQ yama-rnai moths, the specimens ranging in
color from uniformly dark lemon yellow, through various shades of red and combina-
tions of red and yellow, to some that were extremely dark reddish-brown, nearly
black. These were connected by intermediate forms with other examples which were
of a pale clay color. He stated that all of the individuals were raised from the same

June, 1903.] Proceedings of the Society. 113

parents. He pointod out that some specimens had entirely lost the clear space in
both sets of wings, which made them look quite distinct. There was no variation in
the larva; or in the conditions in which they were bred.

Mr. Barber said that he wished to put on record what seemed to him a ver)-
peculiar breeding place for a bot-fly. Mr. E. H. Emerton had noticed one day at
Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, a common box turtle that had a peculiar swelling
under the edge of the shell near the head. They discovered that the swelling was
ojien in front and within, by means of forceps, they found several grubs of a bot-fly.
These were removed and placed in a proper jar for maturing. In a recent communi-
cation Mr. Emerton stated that he had obtained the fly and had determined it as a
species of the genus Suj-iop/iaga. Mr. Beutcnmiiller and Mr. IJrues both stated that
they had seen a record of the occurrence of the bot-fly on the turtle.

Mr. Schaeff"er spoke concerning some of the genera of Cerambycida;. He said
that by the addition of new species the definition of some of the genera of Ceramby-
cid.v becomes very vague. Among others he mentioned the genera belonging to the
tribe I/ndionesoi Lecordaire, to which the genus Ididion with three species has to be
added to our list and which seem to differ only from Compsu by the carinate hind
tibia;, a character which, if he remembered correctly, is not so very pronounced in some
of the Central American species. The distinguishing characters were explained by
him and the following table presented :

Front coxal cavities closed behind ; joint 3-6 of antenna; carinate.

Tibia; carinate Ibulion.

Tibia: not carinate Compsa.

Front coxal open behind ; antenn.al joints and tibine not carinate Hctirachthes.

He mentioned further that ISates, in Biol. Centr. Amer., referred all of the Cen-
tral American species to Ibidioit, of which some evidently would fall either in Compsa
or Ileterachthcs. All of the species known to occur in our fauna were exhibited by
him with the exception of //. nohilis. The three species of Ibidion are /. cxclavia-
tionis, tmc'sendi and textile var. alacrc, all three from Brownsville, Texas.

He also exhibited a specimen of the true 9 of ^^ white ant, 'J'ertnis Jlavipes,
the capture of which he had recorded in one of the previous meetings ; also the
piece of wood out of which the queen was taken.

His collection of Cassidini were then shown by him with a series of the newly-
discovered Cassida viridis* from Canada, concerning which he remarked, that from
what he was able to gather from the references within his reach, he takes to be the
European Cassida viridis contrary to the views of Messrs. Wickham and I.iebeck,
who identified it as C. thoracica as one of his correspondents had informed him, and
that Rev. Dr. Fyles who first took the species and recorded it in the (."anadian Ento-
mologist as C. viridis, was right in his identification.

Adjourned.

* Specimens of this species were exhibited by me at a previous meeting, and were
pronounced, by Mr. Schaefler, not to be C. viridis. The identification, however,
seems to have been correct. — W. B.

114 JouRNAi, New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Meeting of February 3, 1903.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Museum of Natural History, Tuesday evening, at eight o'clock. President
Groth in the chair. Twenty-three members present.

A communication was read from Mr. Joutel requesting the Society to endorse his
application for a grant from the Herman fund to enable him to study the white-ant
( Tcrmcs JIavipes') .

Mr. Watson proposed for active membership Dr. R. P". Call, and Mr. Barber
proposed Mr. George A. Billings.

Mr. Love moved that a member of the Publication Committee be elected to take
the place of Mr. Bird, resigned.

Mr. Kearfott nominated Dr. H. G. Dyar as a member of the Publication Com-
mittee and he was duly elected.

The amendment to Article IV of the Constitution and By-laws (as proposed at
the last meeting) was read and on motion was carried.

A vote of thanks was extended to Professor John B. Smith for his interesting lec-
ture on mosquitoes, delivered January 24.

Dr. R. E. Call then delivered a lecture on insect life and insect collecting under-
ground, illustrated by slides, which showed the more interesting types obtained by
the lecturer during a period of six years in which the Mammoth Cave was explored
and surveyed. Dr. Call made running comments upon the different forms as they
were thrown upon the screen, dwelling particularly upon the peculiar adaptations of
the cave-inhabiting forms. He showed also a map of the cave and explained where
the best collecting was to be found.

The President expressed the thanks of the Society to Dr. Call for his lecture.

Mr. Watson then gave "Some Notes on Three of our Local Butterflies," and
exhibited specimens to illustrate his remarks. Two specimens of Panipliila attains
Edw., were taken at Lakewood, N. J., July 12, 1902, by Mr. Comstock and himself.
' Two male specimens of Pamphila hivtacula G. and R., were captured at Greenwood
Lake Glens, N. J., on June 22, 1902. Also one male and three female specimens
oi Pamphila dion Edw., were taken at Jamesburg, N. J., the latter part of August,
1902.

Mr. Davis stated that he had found P. dion at Lakehurst, N. J., July 27, and at
Brookeville, N. J.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited two new Scarabrcida: from Florida, on which he made
the following remarks :

One of the localities given for Stratcgus juUanus is Florida, but all the speci-
mens he had seen in collections from that locality are undoubtedly distinct from Stra-
tegiis juliantis. The side margins of the prothorax meet the base in a continuous
curve, the horn on each side of the middle of the prothorax is more slender and
somewhat tapering to tip, not broad or laminiform as in julianus ; the gulere of
mandibles are also different ; the tibial ridges next to the apex in jiiliamcs are
Ijroadly rounded, while in the Florida specimens they are angulate with a strong
tooth on the outside ; the thorax is entirely smooth and not transversely wrinkled as
in julianus. All of these characters make it as unquestionably distinct from
julianus, and it seems to be nearly allied if not identical with one of the forms

June, 1903.] Proceedings of the Society. 115

included by Burmcister in his Ilandbuch under Sirahi^us alans I'abr. lie also re-
marked that the new Trii^onopellashs ( 'J'ric/iius) which he said he owes to the kind-
ness of Mr. Leng, is very distinct from 7'. ileiia by the different form of tiie ciypeus
and different color markings.

He then exhibited a specimen of Lachnosterna postretna Horn, taken at Point
Pleasant, N. J., by Mr. Green, remarking that it is quite a rare species, and the only
recorded locality for it is Plorida. It resembles some of the forms of L.fusca very
closely but is distinct from them by having the apex of the hind tibiie sinuate before
the fixed spur in the male and the straight ridge of the penultimate abdominal seg-
ment ; the genitalia differ also somewhat.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of February 17, 1903.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at the
American Museum of Natural History. President Groth in the chair with ten mem-
bers present.

On motion of Mr. Joutel, Dr. R. E. Call and Mr. Geo. A. IJillings were elected
active members of the Society.

The Society then listened to a lecture by Professor E. 1>. Southwick on the sub-
ject of "A Botanical Study of the Plant Families as Insect Food," illustrated by
stereopticon slides.

Mr. Wm. T. Davis exhibited a large fly resembling a bumble-bee in general ap-
pearance and stated that it had been received from Mr. C. H. Sunderland, who
collected it at Rutherford, N. J. From the figures and description- contained in
"Insects Affecting Domestic Animals," Bulletin No. 5, new series, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture, it appeared to be the rabbit bot-fly, Culerebia atniiiila. The insect
has not before been reported from this vicinity.

Mr. Joutel stated that he had found a larva beneath the skin of a rabbit, and
Mr. Chubb added that he had found several larviv in tumors filled with pus in a rab-
bit skinned by him. There is another species of rabbit bot-fly, the cotton-tail bot,
Cutercbra fontinella, that might be found in this vicinity.

Meeting of March 3, 1903.

Held at the residence of Dr. Rodrigues Ottolengui, 522 Vv. 140th .St. Mr.
Groth in the chair, with fourteen members and three visitors present.

The President reported that the Executive Committee had decided to endorse
Mr. Joutel's application for a grant from the Herman fund in order to investigate the
white- ant.

Dr. Ottolengui then gave an interesting account of his collecting on Mt. Katah-
din and in the Adirondacks.

Adjournment.

Meeting of March 17, 1903.

A regular meeting of the Society was held at the American Museum of Natural
History, Tuesday evening. President C. F. Groth in the chair with ten members
and eleven visitors present.

Mr. Davis, of the Field Committee, reported that the first outing would take
place on April 19, to I't. Lee, N. \'.

116 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Professor W. G. Johnson then delivered an interesting and instructive lecture on
the subject of "Some Entomological Problems in America's Largest Orchards."

Professor Johnson confined his remarks mainly to a discussion of the peach-rais-
ing industry in different parts of the United States. He stated the total number of
peach-bearing trees in the United States and then took up in turn, the peach belt of
Georgia, Michigan, Lake Ontario and the western New York region, Chesapeake
Peninsula, Blue Mountain belt. He exhibited characteristic lantern slides showing
different phases of the industry in these various sections.

He explained some of the methods used in combating the diseases and insect
enemies of the peach trees, paying particular attention to the San Jose scale and the
hydrocyanic gas treatment of these insects.

Adjournment.

JOURNAL

J}f\a igopfe ^Intomologiral Horiptg.

Vol. XL SEPTEMBER, 1903. No. 3.

THE SKEWNESS OF THE THORAX IN
THE ODONATA.

By Jamks G. Needham and Maude H. Anihonv.
(Plate VIII.)

Any one looking carefully at a dragonfly sees that the legs are at-
tached far forward and the wings far back upon the thorax, and that
the side plates of the latter are decidedly aslant. This arrangement
of parts is an adaptation to perching on the sides of vertical stems
without much alteration of the position maintained in flight. It
makes for celerity in stopping and starting again. The legs are
thrown forward where they readily reach and grasp the vertical stem,
and the wings are shifted backward and tilted so that their cutting
edges are directed oblicjuely upward, in which position a simple scul-
ling action lifts the body instantly from its support.

In the jumping Orthoptera exactly the reverse inclination of the
lateral thoracic sclerites has taken place : the legs have been shifted
backward — especially the large hind ones used in jumping — and the
side pieces are aslant with the opposite inclination. Doubtless these
lateral sclerites (episternum and epimeron) were primitively placed at
right angles to the axis of the body, so that the sutures between them
were vertical, as they still are when first developed in dragonfly and
grasshopper alike.

Among the orders the Odonata are extremely isolated, and, in
their own way, undoubtedly highly specialized. As marks of their
isolation the accessory genitalia of the males developed in an isolated
position on the ventral side of the second abdominal segment, the

118 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

type of venation, and the remarkable structure of the labium — espe-
cially, of the nyniphal labium — have been frequently noted. But this
skewness of the thorax, hitherto almost unstudied, is the external evi-
dence of the most profound alterations of the whole bodily organiza-
tion. As for the skeleton, the legs have moved forward and the
wings backward, greatly increasing the areas between the sternum of
the metathorax and the abdomen, and between the tergum of the
mesothorax and the prothorax respectively, and these areas have been
overgrown by neighboring lateral sclerites (mesepisternum in front and
metepimeron behind). The unusual proportions and the new (dorsal
and ventral) positions thus attained by these sclerites were long a
puzzle to many eminent entomologists. The question of their homol-
ogies was finally set at rest by a study of the segmental muscles and
sutures made by Dr. Calvert for his well-known catalogue, published
in 1893. He showed that the muscles have retained fully their seg-
mental arrangement, the wing muscles becoming enormously enlarged
and taking on the general inclination of the thorax. The mid-lateral
suture is completely and the others are almost obliterated.

This fusion of sclerites is doubtless an accompaniment of the in-
creasing power of the wing muscles. The skeleton is further strength-
ened by the development of a unique system of carina, the strongest
of which is the mid-dorsal thoracic carina, formed at the junction of
the mesepisterna along the dorsal line, forking above and ending in
an antealar crest, ending below in a transverse collar-like ridge abut-
ting against the prothorax. There are also carinae along the upper
ends of the lateral sclerites about the wing bases, and others trussing
the iloor of the metathorax between the bases of the hind legs and the
abdomen. Doubtless these all contribute to the strength of the tho-
racic skeleton, and enable it to withstand the pull of the enormously
large and powerful wing muscles. If in a dragonfly that has newly
emerged from the nymphal skin and that has not yet had time for the
hardening of the skeleton, the muscles be stimulated artificially to
contract (as by putting in alcohol or cyanide bottle) they draw the
thorax into a crumpled and contorted condition. Doubtless a careful
study of this system of carinte, and of the external topography of the
thoracic skeleton in general would yield good results : but it is a less
ambitious undertaking that this paper records.

Impressed by the differences in degree of skewness in the thorax
of a number of dragonflies that were lying before him one day, the

Sept., 1903.] Needham & Anthony: The Thorax of Odonata. 119

senior author bethought himself that this skewness might be measured,
and devised as an instrument for the purpose the goniometer shown in
PI. VIII, Fig. I. This was constructed with little trouble out of a
discarded box top, about 100 mm. square, a small brass protractor
scale, a bicycle spoke, and a piece of brass about 25 mm. stjuare. The
brass was first drilled through the center and reamed out so that the
head of the bicycle spoke would fit it neatly and rotate in it smoothly.
Then the corners of the brass were drilled to receive screws. Then,
with the spoke in place, its head flush with the surface of the brass,
the latter was screwed fast to the under side of the wooden base,
nearer the hinge edge of the cover, from which the side strip that was
underneath had been removed. Thus the spoke was securely held
by its head while free to rotate in the brass. Then the spoke was
bent twice at right angles in an elongate U with unequal arms, the
first bend perpendicular to, the second parallel to the surface of the
board, the two arms being strictly parallel and far enough apart to
allow the placing of the body of the largest dragonfly between the
upper arm and the wooden base (PI. VIII, Fig. i). Then the pro-
tractor scale was glued to the wooden base in such position that its
center of curvature was exactly over the center of the pivot below the
base. The longer upper arm of the U then crossed the center in any
position of rotation, and its end crossing the scale served as an indi-
cator.

To use this goniometer a dragonfly with wings folded back to back
was laid on a broad glass slip (this merely for convenience in moving
the specimen) and brought to rest with its predetermined base line of
angle measurement coinciding with the base line of the protractor
scale. Then the index arm above was moved parallel with the suture
forming the other limb of the angle to be measured. Then the angle
was read by sighting along the edge of the indicator, keeping the ex-
act center and the degree to be read in alignment. Thus the three
successive operations — the placing of the specimen, the adjustment of
the indicator and the reading of the scale — were done independently
and in the order stated. This made for accuracy, but there were both
mechanical and anatomical reasons why great accuracy was unattainable.

I. Mechanical. — The base line was too short. It was impossible
to go beyond the confines of the combined meso- and metathorax and
have fixed points, owing to the flexibility of the articulations with i)ro-
thorax and with abdomen. To settle upon two points that should

120 Journal New York Entomological Society. |v<>i. xl

determine a longitudinal line in comparison with which the angle of
inclination of the sclerites should be measured was not easy. After
canvassing the external topography of the thorax carefully, we settled
upon the pleural articulation of the middle coxa for the anterior point
(PI. VIII, Fig. 2, /^) and the infero-lateral articulation of the thorax
and abdomen for the posterior, the two determining the base line bd
of Fig. 2. By comparing Fig. i * it will be seen that the two points
are so close together as to occasion difficulty in bringing them into
exact coincidence with the base line of the scale.

2. Anatomical. — The anatomical sources of error were several,
(rt;) The articulations used to determine the base line are something
more than points in breadth. (/^) They are sometimes obscured by
hairs, (r) The sutures with which the indicator must be made
parallel are sometimes sinuous, and their general direction has to be
estimated.

At first the skewness of the three lateral sutures and of the dorsal
carina were measured, but as the differences discovered were rather
less than the rather wide limits of probable error, only the first lateral
(humeral) suture was measured to the end, and that and the tilt of the
wing bases in the opposite direction are reported upon below.

The diagrammatized photograph (Fig. 2) shows these angles':
ahc is the angle made by the humeral suture cb with the perpendicular
ab to the base line db, assumed to be parallel with the axis of the
body. This angle measured upon the arc x represents the degree of
skewness or inclination of that suture.

cdb is the angle made by a line cd drawn through the wing bases
with the base linq bd, and is measured upon the arc :;. The wing
bases are assumed to have rested primitively upon the line ec parallel
to db. The specimen shown in Fig. i is nearly in position for meas-
uring this angle.

The actual measurements were all made by the junior author upon
miscellaneous papered specimens. Each specimen selected was meas-
ured first upon one side and then upon the other, and after intervening
measurement of other species, was measured again, and then the aver-
age of all the measurements was taken. But one specimen was used
for each species and the sex was disregarded. Some of the first meas-

* The specimen is off the base line in Fig. I, having slipped out of place just be-
fore this photograph was taken.

Sept., 1903. 1 Needham & Anthony: The Thorax of Odonata. 121

urernents made showed considerable discrepancies and were discarded
altogether ; but, with practice, they came into much closer agreement.
It is not claimed, however, that the figures herein given are to be re-
lied upon absolutely within the limits of two or three degrees.

Suborder Anisoptera.
Fain. ^.SCHNID^.

.^^SCHNIN.I':.

X Z X z

Boyeria Irene 21 19* Staurophlebia magnifica ... 3 6 25

Anax Junius 27 21 Epiceschna heros 37 23

^schna californica 34 22 Goinphceschna furci/Iata ...t,"] 24

CoryphcFSchna ingens 34 25 Gynacantha trijida 39 27

^schnophlebia anisoptera 35 34f Basiceschna Janata 42 27

^Eschna verticalis 36 23 Planccschna niultipunctata^z 2 8

GoMPHIN.«.

Dromogomphus spinosus 31 25 Lanthus albistylus 42 28

Gomphus similliinus 2^2 22 Herpetogomphus designatus^\ 28

Gomphus villosipes t^t^ 26 Ophiogomplius serpentinus.^\ 27

Gomphoides stigma tus 36 26 Frogomphus obscurus 44 27

Gomphidia confluens 37 26 Onychogomphus uncatus...jf-i 27

Aphylla producta 39 27 Epigoniphus paiudosus 47 29

Hagenius brevistylus 40 2 2-'' PPemigomphus ochraceus 50 297

Gomphus di la tat us 41 22

Petalurin^.
Tachopteryx thoreyi 40 28

CORDULEGASTERIN.I-:.

Cordulegaster diastatops 37 35

Fam. LIHKLLULID.-E.
Macromun^i^.

Didymops transversa 29 20 Epophtlialmia elegans 33 18*

Macromia tnagnifica 32 22 Synthemis brevistyla 39 33t

* Minima : second column,
f Maxima : second column.

122 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

CORDULIIN.«.

Helocordulia uhleri. 30 25 Tetragoneiiria cam's 36 29!

Epicordulia princeps 33 24 Cordulia shurtleffi 37 24

Hemicordidia tail 34 23* Somatochlora elougata 38 24

LiBELLULIN.E.

Perithemis domitia 28 21 Mesoiheniis simpUcicoUis 43 34

Acisoma panorpflides 28 24 Trithonis tninuscula 43 38*

Rhyoihemis spleiuiida 33 25 Brachythemis contamiiiata..\\ 26

Onychothemis abnormis 31 22 Tramea Carolina 44 27

Brechmorhoga mendax 34 24 Pacliydiplax longipeniiis 44 27

Lepthemis vesiculosa 34 27 Crocofheinis erythrcea 44 30

Belouia herculea 35 19*^ natya anoviala 45 29

Diastatops fine fa 36 27 Neurothemis eqiiestris 45 31

Zygonyx iris 36 28 MicrafJiyria didyma 47 27

Dyfliemis velox , 37 29 Pofamofheinis aincricana...^6 29

Orfliefnini albistyliini 38 25 Synipefruni ri/bicitndii/um...^6 31

Miafliyria marcel la 39 24 Pan fa la flavescens 47 25

Plafhemis lydia 40 22 Celifhemis elisa 48 30

Ladona Julia 40 28 Palpopleura vesfita 49 24

Libellula pulchella 41 23 Melauiarpfis minekii 49 31

Orflieniis ferruginea 41 27 Leucorhinia glacialis 51 23

Naunofkeniis bella. 42 32 Macrotheniis sp.;j; 52 30

Pseudophlebia //tiniina 43 28

Su border Z > gopte ra .

Fani. CALOPTERYGID.'E.

Epiophlebin.^. ;j;

Epipophlebia supersfes 43 45

Epallagin.-e.

Etphcca decorafa 51 Af^- Anisopleiira lesfoides 64 54

Rhinocyplia 63 6if Bayadera indica 67 57

Diph lebia lestoides 64 53

* Minima : second column.

•f Maxima : second column.

% An undetermined species from Brazil, selected for the extreme reduction of its
venation.

§ The preoccupied Selysian name Paltcoplilebia being now replaced by Epiopltlc-
bia (Calvert, Ent. News, vol. XIV, p. 208, I903), the subfamily name is here modi-
fied to correspond.

Sept., 1903] Needham & Anthony: The Thorax of Odonata. 123

Vestalin.-e.

Neurobasis chincnsis 46 39 Calopteryx maculata 54 43

Mnais strigata 50 40 Helceritia ai7iericana 58 40

Calopteryx angiistipen/iis 51 35* Lais pudica 59 49 f

Thorin/e.
Thore picta 52 48 Cora inca 59 50

Fai/i. AGRIONIIX^.

Lestinj..
A rch ilestes gra ndis 59 38 L estes recta ngu laris 66 48

Agrionin^.

Calicnemis atkinsoni 57 51 Disparoneiira vittata 64 55

Hyponeura lugcns 58 53 Oxyagrion terminate 64 58

Platycnemis pennipes 61 42 Nehallemiia irene 64 61

Hemicnemis lyilineata 61 51 Leptagrion macriiritm 65 47

A mpliiagrion sai/cii/in 62 4 2 '-i^ Enallagma doubledayi 65 48

Xanthagrion erythroneiinii/i.. 62 47 Protoneiira capillaris 65 53

Ischniira grcBllsii 62 48 Tclebasis allaiidi 65 53

Argia violacea 63 59 Ceriagrion glabra in 65 53

Ceratura capreola 64 48 A canthagrion gracile 65 54

Mecistogaster sp ? 64 49 Acanihagrion cheliferuni. ... 65 57

Anovialagrion hastatntn 64 51 Erythragrion salvum 67 45

Agriocnemispulveriilans 64 55 Aciagrion pallidum 72 62"^

The maxima, minima and averages for both angles are given for the
subfamilies, of which representatives were studied, in the following
table :

Angle of hu- Angle of tilt
meral suture. of wing bases.

r^SCHNID.'E
AnisopteraJ

Mi. Ma. Av. Mi. Ma. Av.

'.ESCHINI.N.E 21 42 35 19 34 25

GOMPHlN.^i 31 50 40 22 29 26

Petalurin.^ 40 — — 35 — —

^ cordulegasterin^ 37 — — 35 — —

I CMacromiin^ 29 39 y^ i8 n 24

'-LIBELLULID.E ^ Cordui.iin.^ 30 38 35 23 29 25

i^ LlBELLULIN^ 28 52 41 19 38 30

* Minima : second column.
•f Maxima : second column.

124 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

Angle of hu-
meral suture.

Mi. Ma. Av.

'Epiophlefhin-'E' 43 — —

EpALLAGIN.t 51 67 62

Vestai.in.^. 46 59 54

-j tTHORIN.« 52 59 55

IaGRIONID/E (Lestin.^ 59 66 62

1 Agrionin^ 54 72 62

Zygoptera

■CALOPTERYGID.E-

The above listed material was the best selection that could be made
from the material that happened to be at hand in the collection of the
senior author. Only papered specimens could be used readily.
Whole subfamilies are unrepresented, and the material used is insuffi-
cient to furnish a basis for true averages for any of the subfamilies.
Yet notwithstanding this, and with all due allowance for error in the
making of difficult measurements of angles, some general results are
sufficiently evidenced by the figures obtained.

In the first place it is evident that the skewness of the thorax is
much greater in the Zygoptera than in the Anisoptera, the average of
the former being above the maximum of the latter. The minimum
for both angles measured is found in the ..r'Eschnimi?, and the maximum
in the Agrioninse. The widest range is shown by the Libellulinse,
and it is probable that this is due only in part to the selection of a
wider range of representatives of this subfamily.

There was found less correlation between the two angles measured
than might have been expected. It will be observed throughout that the
maxima and minima rarely fall in the same places in the two columns.
The angle that measures the inclination of the humeral suture is with a
single exception greater than that measuring the tilt of the wing bases,
Epiophlcbia alone furnishing the reverse condition.

There is little correlation between the size of the insect and the
inclination of the humeral suture : just how much, will be seen by
glancing down the first column, which in each subfamily is arranged
in accordance with the increasing angulation here. There appears to
be much more correlation between mere size and the tilt of the wing
bases: for it will be noticed in each group that the minimum falls
upon one of the largest and the maximum on one of the smallest
species.

It must not be forgotten for a moment that these measurements take
no account' of possible parallelisms within the subfamilies, nor of di-

Sept, 1903.] Letcher: Phryganidia Californica. 125

vergent lines of development, but give merely the degree of progress
in two particular lines of specialization arbitrarily selected. The
figures, however, are interesting to one who knows these species by
sight — even surprising — especially in the Libellulinai, where they
seem to support no one's theory of the interrelationships of the
genera.

PHRYGANIDIA CALIFORNICA, /'.-/6'A'^v^Z>.
Bv Beverly Lktchkr.

Had the general excellence of the account of the life history of
this moth as set forth by Vernon L. Kellogg and F. J. Jack (Proceed-
ings of the California Academy of Sciences, second series, Vol. V,
1895, P^g^ 562) been maintained throughout their article, there would
hardly have been occasion for the present but with them critical obser-
vation seems to have ceased with the pupal stage. Other differences
are slight but as they are of some interest, may be noted.

To afford a ready comparison of the head measurements, they have
been tabulated, those of Kellogg and Jack appearing in the first column
and those of the writer in the third. Little value can be attached to
the several durations of stages in the fourth column as they were made
on larvae subject to the artificial surroundings of the study : they are
from observations of the summer brood while those of Messrs. Kellogg
and Jack were made on wintering larvae.

Stage.

Kellogg

and Jack.

Mm.

Days.

Egg

10

1st

.68

14

" SI

ipplementary

2d

1. 14

13

3d

1-45

17

4th

I.S8

25

5tli

2.21

21

6th

2-57

12

Pupa

10

Letcher.

.Mm.

Days.

10

•53, -67

8

•73

8

'•15

6, 8

■32, 1-47

7

1.S2

8

2.20

5

2^31

9

9

A practical agreement is to be noted for the ist, 2d, 3d, 4th and
5th stages. My observations show a stage supplemental to the ist and

126 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

what was at the time of disturbing, a measurement of one larva in the
first stage of .53 mm. and of one in the third of 1.32 mm. The 2.31
of the sixth stage as against 2.57 mm. was also suspicious, but as it
had been carefully taken and was the average of a number but slightly
varying, there can be no question as to its correctness. The calcu-
lated series for the second set of observations would be (ratio .80)
.74, .94, 1. 16, 1.48, 1.85 and 2.31 which contains most of the ob-
served stages : and for the first .54, .68, .85, 1.06, 1.32, 1.65, 2.06
and 2.57. In neither of these does the observed fifth stage (2.20)
find a place : but all of the others, including the abnormal measure-
ments, appear in one or the other of the series.

Markings. — The development of the markings also shows a close
correspondence, although through the absence of the divided first stage
their derivation was not as clear to the first investigators.

The .53 mm. stage shows no markings whatever : the first stage
(.68 mm.) a faint, claret-colored transverse shade on the ist, 3d,
5th, 7th, 8th and 9th abdominal segments extending across the dorsum
to tubercle iii on each side. In the supplementary stage the subdor-
sal line (sometimes interrupted) appears widening on each segment to
reach tubercle iii and on the 2d thoracic, to surround tubercle i.
The transverse dorsal shades have now on abdominal segments i, 3,
5, 8 and 9 become distinct and broad and extend ventrally on seg-
ments I, 7 and 8(7, however, has become clear dorsally) to beyond
the as yet undeveloped tubercle vi. In the second stage, the dorsal
line appears indicated by spots, always on the thoracic segments and
interruptedly on the abdominal. Traces of the infraspiracular line
are also apparent. In the third stage, the infraspiracular line is more
clearly marked and a supraspiracular line is developed by the restric-
tion and breaking up of the transverse bands. The fouth stage shows
all lines well marked — dorsal, addorsal, subdorsal, supraspiracular, in-
fraspiracular and subventral. In later stages, there is a gradual broad-
ening and fusion of the lines so that in some individuals the markings
appear yellowish green on a dark ground instead of the reverse. The
greenish-yellow ground color appears to exist in the fat body : the
claret-colored markings are cuticular.

Wart Formation. — Is that of the typical noctuina pattern, large in
first stage, later much reduced ; setre are simple. Tubercle vi want-
ing through the .73 mm. stage. Secondary setae appear in the second
stage, one above and one below tubercle iii and caudad to it.

Sept., 1903.J Letcher: Phrvganidia Cai.ikornica. 127

Pupa. — In addition to the hooks of the cremaster (by which alone
the article above cited says it is attached) the pupa has a series pro-
ceeding from the dorsum, one pair on 9th abdominal, two on 8th and
one on 7th. The attachment is therefore quite rigid and is at first

sight peculiar in that the pupa faces out, its dorsum being applied to
the supporting surface. No recorded observation is familiar to me,
but such pupae of the micros as have come to my notice face out and
among the macros, pupa; of Ctenucha ochroscapiis assume the same
position ; to what extent it may be characteristic of the Heterocera
I cannot say.

The wing-cases are well developed and full and with a shortening
dorsally of the 7th abdominal segment cause the dorsal surface to be
more or less concave. The 5th and 6th segments are free. The 9th
segment disappears ventrally and the loth dorsally, the large loth ster-
nite assisting materially in producing the concave dorsum. The wart
formation and setae appear in the pupa in a very much reduced state.

There is a great deal of variability in the extent of the pupal mark-
ings, but where they do not occur the pupal case after emergence of
the wings is transparent and readily lends itself to a study of the in-
terior. In tracing the extent and location of the mouth and head
parts it was noted that the clypeus showed internally the structure of
the cocoon breaker which occurs in other forms, although there is no
suggestion externally of its existence.

128 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE PENTATOMIDiE
WITHIN FIFTY MILES OF NEW YORK.

By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno.

Due to the great courtesy of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo,
who very kindly examined and named the material collected by me in
this locality and others near by in 1902 and the spring of 1903, I
am enabled to present this very incomplete Preliminary List of the
Pentatomidte within fifty miles of New York. In extenuation for
presenting such a fragment, I may say that it is, I trust, a beginning,
a foundation on which myself or another better fitted for it than I,
may erect a superstructure comparable to Professor Smith's invaluable
list of the insects of New Jersey.

Of the Pentatomidffi in my collection, one genus, Pentatoma, and
one species, Mineus strigipes H.-S., are additions to Smith's list
for this vicinity. The specimen of Pentatoma senilis Say, was taken
by that indefatigable collector, Mr. W. T. Davis, who generously
presented it to me. He has several specimens from Staten Island,,
and it cannot therefore be rare hereabout.

Family Pentatomid^.

Perillus Sidl.

P, exaptus Say. Mosholu, N. Y., June 22.

Mineus Stal.

M. strigipes H.-S. Mosholu, N. Y., July 12, 1902. Not rare.

Podisus H.-S.
P. maculiventris Say {^= spinosiis Dall.). Mosholu, N. Y.,
July 19, August 23, September 4, October 6. Forest Park, L. I.,
June 8 and 14. Van Cortlandt Park, N. Y., September 13.
Brocliymena Am. ct Serv.

B. annulata Fah. Lakehurst, N. J., May 27.

Cosmopepla Stdl.

C. carnifex. Fah. Mosholu, N. Y., August 9. Forest Park, L.
I., June 8 Not rare.

Mormidea Am. et Serv.
M. lugens Fab. Mosholu, N. Y., May 31, June 22, July 4, 12,
19 and 26. Forest Park, L. I., June 14. Palisades, N. J., July 4.

Sept.,i903i liuKNO : Pentatomid.-e OF New York. 129

Euschistus Dallas.
E. fissilis UIiL Mosholu, N. V., May 31, July 19 and 26, August
23. Forest Tark, June 14.

E. tristigmus Say. Mosholu, N. Y., July 26, August 23, Sep-
tember 4. Staten Island, August 16.

E. variolarius Pal. B. Mosholu, N. Y., June 22 and 28, July 12
and 19, August 7 and 30, September 9. Forest Park, L. I., June 14.
Van Cortlandt Park, New York, September 13.

Caen us Da II.
C. delius ^a^'. Mosholu, N. Y., July 19 and 26, August 12, 23
and 30, October 18. Very abundant in clover patches in meadow.

Pentatoma Oliv.
P. senilis Say. Staten Island.

Hymenarcys Am. ct Scrv.
H. nervosa Say. Staten Island, N. Y., August 22.

Trichopepla Stal.
T. semivittata Say. Mosholu, N. Y., July 19 and 26, August
7, September 9. Very abundant in low grasses.

Peribalus Muls.
P. limbolarius Stal. Mosholu, August 9.

Thyanta SiiM.
T. custator Fab. Mosholu, N. Y., June 28, July 19 and 26,
August 23, September 4.

Nezara Am. et Serv.
N. pennsylvanica DeG. Lakehurst, N. J., May 27.
N. hilaris Say. Dunellen, N. J.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN
SPECIES OF JAPYX.

By Myron H. Swenk.
Since Haliday in 1864 characterized the genus Japyx from speci-
mens of J. solifugus, over thirty additional species have been de-
scribed from different parts of the world. Several of these are in all
probability synonyms. Up to the present time six well-marked spe-
cies have been described from the United States and Mexico, and
these, together with an undescribed species from Nebraska, may be

130 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

separated by the following table based on characters of forceps denta-
tion.

Ri^ht arm of forceps with about twenty small, blunt teeth, all of practically the same
size and in a single continuous row ; left arm with numerous small, blunt teeth,
and a single large tooth midway between the center and the base of the arm.

Japyx hubbardi Cook (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona).
Right arm of forceps with one or two teeth decidedly larger than the others (i)

I. Center of inner margin of right arm with a single tooth larger than any of the

other teeth (2).
I. Largest tooth or teeth of right arm not in the center of the margin, but placed
either proximally or distally from the center (5).
2. Right arm with a smooth, even sinus proximally from the broad central tooth, as
broad as the base of the tooth itself, and abruptly interrupted by another tooth,
smaller but also broad based and blunt ; a row of six subequal denticules
distally from the central tooth, and a superior row of one or two small denticules
proximally from it ; left arm with its largest tooth placed distally from the
center, and proximally from it a superior and an inferior row, each containing

about six blunt denticules ' Japyx bidens Cook (Alabama).

2. Right arm without a conspicuous sinus proximally from the central tooth ; this in
no case as broad as the base of the tooth itself, and not abruptly interrupted by
another blunt tooth (3).

3. Right arm with the proximal margin from the large central tooth having but
one or two rounded denticules, the distal margin with about a dozen blunt
denticules; left arm with a large tooth one-third the length of the arm from
the base, midway between this tooth and the apex another smaller tooth,
and between these teeth a double row of variously sized denticules, each

row containing about eight Japyx saussurii Humbert

(Orizaba and Cordova, Mexico).
3. Right arm with four or more denticules on the proximal margin from the
central tooth (4).
4. Left arm very slender with about twenty distinct denticules arranged in two sub-
equal rows proximally from the largest tooth, which is distad from the center ;
distally from this tooth the margin is concave and nearly smooth ; right arm
without a superior row, but with a straight, inferior row of four or five rather
large, subequal denticules proximally from the large central tooth, and distally

from it a concave, finely denticulate margin Japyx multidens Cook

(Alabama).

4. Left arm moderately stout with only seven or eight small denticules proximally from

the largest tooth which is distad from the center ; distally from this tooth the

margin is conVe;^and minutely denticulate ; right arm with the proximal margm

from the central tooth convex with four small denticules, the distal margin

concave with numerous denticules Japyx subterraneus Packard

(Kentucky; District of Columbia).

5. Right arm with two large teeth, one just before the other just after the center

of the margin ; proximally from the first tooth the margin is convex with

five denticules, between the two teeth straight with six, and distally from

Sept., 1903.]

SwENK : Synopsis of Japyx.

131

the second tooth concave with many ; left arm with a large tooth one third
its length from the base, proximally from which are three smaller denti-
cules and distally from it nine feebly marked denticules.

Japyx americanus MacGillivray (West-central Washington).

Right arm with a single broad based, sharp tooth about one fourth the length

of the arm from the base, distally from which is a large abruptly inwardly

deflexed sinus, interrupted by four smaller, widely separated denticules ;

left arm similar to right Japyx minimus, sp. nov.

(Southeastern Nebraska).

With enlarged dorsal view of their forceps.

Japyx minimus, sp. nov.

Head ijuadrangular, transverse, about one fourth longer than broad ; anfenn<e
short, eighteen-jointed, the segments subcylindrical, and gradually decreasing in
size apically. Prothorax about two thirds as broad as the head, longer than broad,
and truncate in front. Abdomen with first seven segments rounded at the sides, the
second slightly larger than the others, of which the seventh is slightly the smallest.
All are without emargination. The last three segments have straight, almost parallel
sides, the eighth wi'h the anterior end concave, the posterior end convex and articu-
lating with the concave anterior end of the ninth segment ; this one in turn articulates

132 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

with the tenth which has the anterior end convex with a rather abrupt central pro-
tuberance, and the posterior end subtruncate. Forceps shorter than the last or tenth
segn'ent, which is nearly as large as the eighth and ninth together, the ninth being
about one half the size of the eighth. Forceps and last segment of the abdomen
light brown, the rest of the insect whitish. The whole insect covered sparsely with
hair-like bristles, these densest on the forceps. Abdominal appendages present, but
minute.

Right arm of forceps with a large, broad based, sharply pointed and slightly
backward inclining tooth, placed on the lower inner margin and distant from the base
about one fourth the length of the arm. From this tooth to the base the arm is
slightly concave, but about equal in thickness throughout ; distally from the tooth the
margin is very abruptly deflexed inwardly (sometimes almost at a right angle), for
about one third the width of the arm ; at the end of this smooth sinus is a denticule,
generally broad and blunt, and some distance from this another similar one and be-
tween these two are often traces of two very blunt tubercles ; then the margin is
again deflexed, somewhat sharply and obliquely, this interrupted by two equal, saw-
tooth-like denticules, always distinct and about equidistant from each other and the
second denticule. No superior row of teeth. The left arm is very similar to the
right and presents no constant difference either in size, strength or dentation.

Length without antennae 3.85 mm.; length of antennae .73 mm.; length of abdo-
men 2.55 mm.; length of last abdominal segment and forceps .43 mm.; length of
forceps .17 mm.

Habitat : Southeastern Nebraska.

Four specimens of this little Japyx are in the collection of the
University of Nebraska taken as follows : Malcolm, Nebr., May 4,
1901, one specimen ; Crab Orchard, Nebr., May 7, 1901, one speci-
men; Adams, Nebr., May 11, 1901, two specimens. In all cases
they were taken from among the roots of wheat growing in damp soil,
and are probably quite common when carefully looked for. It is very
different from any described species and may easily be distinguished
by the combination of very small size, itw joints in the antennae, the
head longer than broad, and the shape of the last three abdominal
segments, as well as by the similarity of the two arms and the peculiar
dentation of the forceps.

COLOR-PREFERENCE IN INSECTS.

By a. S. Packard.

In my "Text Book of Entomology" I have briefly stated from
what sources I had access to, the little that was known up to 1898 as
to the color-preferences of insects. It appears that few observations

sept.,i903.i Packard: Color-Preference in Insects. 133

had been made, the most careful being those of Lubbock who showed
that the honey bee prefers blue, and ants violet. The following obser-
vations are published with the view of calling attention to this inter-
esting matter, which in the case of flies and mosquitoes is a subject of
no little importance.

Preference of Locusts {AcrydiidcB) for White. — My attention was
first called to the preference of locusts for white by a letter to St.
Nicholas in 1900 from Boothbay Harbor, Maine, written by
Dorothy C. Baldwin to the following effect : "I would like to inquire
why grasshoppers are attracted more by white than any other color ?
I have noticed that when I wear a white dress I find several grass-
hoppers on it, but when I wear any other colored dress they do not
jump upon me at all." Upon inquiring as to others' experience, my
daughter tells me that she always observed that white or light-colored
clothes attracted grasshoppers, and when walking scarcely more than
a hundred feet she has noticed five or six grasshoppers on her white
dress, but none when the dress was dark in color. Another lady has
also noticed that a white dress will attract "grasshoppers," or more
properly, locusts.

Color-prefereiue ill Moths. — The late S. Lowell Elliot once told me
of a case observed by him where white moths {Spi/osoma, Hyphantria
and Acronycta ob/inita) would alight upon the white trimmings of a
red and white barn, while on the darker, red portions, sat Catocalae,
and other dark or reddish moths. They were thus protected from
observation.

An English writer states that Bryophila perla will frequently alight
upon stone walls or those composed of grayish colored bricks, but in
the case of a red brick wall, it will only alight upon the mortar be-
tween them, thus trying to harmonize its color with its surroundings.

M. Rocquigny-Adanson while walking with his insect-net saw
Adela degecrclla alight on the green gauze. In walking a distance of
two hundred meters it did this twice (Bulletin Soc. Ent. France,
1903, No. 12, p. 207). His note was called out by that of M.
Poujade, but he cited it as an instance of familiarity rather than of
color-preference.

Color-preference in Butterflies. — I once observed at Amherst, Mass.,
that white butterflies (Fieris) would alight upon the flowers of a white
aster, while Colias philodice would by preference alight upon the yel-
low flowers of the golden rod, but these observations need repetition
before they can be accepted as a normal or regular occurrence.

134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

It has also been stated by Lubbock or some other English ento-
mologist that butterflies will descend from a position high in the air
and fly down to bits of white paper, apparently mistaking them for
white flowers.

On April 28 I saw in my yard a Pieris rapce flying across a bed of
violets, many in flower, and then after crossing the bed without paus-
ing in its flight it rather suddenly turned down and alighted on a
single white flower of the bloodroot, remaining at rest on it for one
or two minutes. It was evidently attached by the white color, pass-
ing by the violets to visit the bloodroot. h pril 30 I saw two Pieris fly
towards bits of white paper which I had thrown down ; they did not
alight upon them, but evidently were attracted to them, as they would
turn toward them in their flight ; but after this they took no further
notice of the papers.

M. Poujade (Bulletin Soc. Ent. France, No. 9, 1903) mentions
seeing Tliecia rnln flying without fear around a green net and rest
upon it if held still, but this familiarity ceased when the green was re-
placed by blue gauze. We should cite this as a case of color-prefer-
ence.

Mr. Beverly Letcher writes me from San Francisco, June 5, 1902,
regarding a case observed by him, which will illustrate both the range
of butterfly vision and the preference for colors of the same hue as
themselves, as a means of unconscious protection.

" I have for some years intended to communicate to you an observation on insect
vision. I collect with a green cheese-cloth net which by July has faded to a yellow,
closely approximating that of the female Mei;anostoma eu>ydice. I, as well as G. T.
O. Mueller, with whom I sometimes collect, had noticed that the males flew directly
into my net, but the particular instance to which I desire to call your attention is that
of a male flying rapidly by in the open bushes at least 25 feet from the road on which
I was collecting, and which suddenly turned at right angles to its course, flying di-
rectly at me and into the net."

Color Preference of Diptera. — Gross has observed that house flies
would frequent a bluish-green circle on the ceiling of his chamber;
but if it were covered by white paper, the flies would leave the spot,
though they would return as soon as the paper circle was removed
(Kolbe).

We have observed that house flies prefer green paper to the yellow-
ish wall of a kitchen, but were not attracted to sheets of a Prussian
blue paper, attached to the same wall and ceiling.

Sept., iyo3.] PACKARD: CoLOR- PREFERENCE IN INSECTS 135

At Sugar Hill, N. H., while sitting on the hotel piazza, Septem-
ber 14, 1 90 1, I noticed that the numerous house flies i)resent alighted
by dozens on my daughter's dress, which was of homespun dyed
red and black, though the prevailing color was a madder or dark
Indian red. Nearly fifty flies would come and alight within one or
two minutes. On drawing a steamer rug, which was of a light faun
color, over the dress, very few flies alighted on it, only one or two
dozen. Also many alighted on my dark blue striped flannel trousers.
On another occasion from fifteen to twenty flies alighted on a brown
woolen dress, but none on a light gray waist. On still another occa-
sion I noticed house flies gathering on a lady's black dress, while but one
or two settled on the white towel next to it. A number rested on a
dark lavender-colored shawl she was knitting, showing that they de-
cidedly preferred lavender color to white.

I am told by a lady that the ribbon on her hat which was butter-
yellow, and also of another shade of yellow, became so badly speckled
that it had to be taken off, while white ribbon was not spotted. Her
pale bright green dress, as she was sitting on the piazza, was literally
covered with flies ; indeed she took the flies away from all the other
people sitting near by. The flies did not rest on a lavender-colored
dress.

Mr. J. F. Collins, of Brown University, tells me that he noticed
that a lady wearing a black silk gown was attended by "swarms of
house flies." He also states that a number of black flies {Si/>iii/ii/»i)
and mosquitoes alighted on his own person dressed in a black suit,
while they did not alight on a man standing by who was wearing a
white sweater.

In his notes on flower-haunting Diptera, read before the Entomo-
logical Society of London, Mr. Scott- Elliot shows that some of the
higher types of flies appeared to prefer red and blue flowers.

Color-preference in the Mosquito. — In continuation of their researches on the
structure and biology of Anopheles maculipcnnis^ the commonest British mosquito and
one known to convey malaria, Dr. Nuttall and Mr. A. E. Shipley observed some in-
teresting facts on the preference this species exhibits for different colors and for dif-
ferent shades of color. The experiments were conducted as follows : In a spacious
photographic studio a large muslin tent was set up with one end against the glass
window through which the sunlight poured. At the bottom of the tent were some
large pans for the Anopheles to breed in, and these were from time to time renewed.
The mosquitoes were fed on bananas, which, it may be noted, must be kept fairly
fresh, otherwise dates or figs are preferable. On one side of the tent seventeen boxes

136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

without lids were piled one upon the other, the order being changed each day so as
to eliminate any preference due to position or exposure to light. Each box was lined
with a cloth having a slightly rough surface — not a shiny or smooth one — to which
a mosquito could easily cling. The experiment consisted in counting the number of
mosquitoes found in each box on seventeen different days. The results obtained are
striking. During the seventeen days on which the count was made, io8 mosquitoes
were found in the navy-blue box, 90 in the dark-red box, 81 in a reddish-brown box,
59 in the scarlet box, and 49 in the black box. There was at this point a sharp drop
to 31 in a slate-gray box and 24 in an olive-green box. Violet, leaf-green, and full-
blue boxes had respectively 18, 17 and 14. Pearl-gray had 9, pale green 4, light-
blue 2, ochre and white 2 each, orange l, and pale yellow about the color of ^khaki
none at all.

It is thus evident that color has a marked power of attracting this species of
mosquito, and that the color which is by far the most attractive is navy-blue. In
both services and equally amongst civilians this is a very common, perhaps the com-
monest, color for maje attire. The experiments just quoted show that it is at least
equally popular with malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Light colors were avoided, espe-
cially those with a tinge of yellow. Khaki-colored garments would seem to have
other advantages besides that of invisibility on a light soil.

The results of these observations, conducted on one species and in the midst of
an English university town, must not too rashly be thought to hold good of other
species living in the open ; but there is a certain amount of evidence that points in
the same way. It has been noticed in Indian hospitals that Anopheles hides on black
coats and avoids white ones, so that the men who catch them take care to hang up a
dark coat or two in the wards when they wish to collect the insects. The French-
man Joly noticed in Madagascar that the mosquitoes were attracted by a black soil
more than by a red or light one, and that persons wearing black shoes and socks were
more often bitten than those who wore white or light coverings for their feet. Whilst
a black dog was severely bitten, its companion, who was yellow, almost entirely
escaped; thus the " yaller dog" of Western fiction has some advantages in this
world.

Other observations not only point to a modification of dress in malarious districts,
but they indicate that much may be done to render dwelling-houses and temporary
shelters less habitable to the insects. Mr. J. Cropper has put on record how attrac-
tive the dark blue lining of the tent he used in Palestine was to Anoplieles and to
other Culicidae, and Austen has noted that if the walls of a room be whitewashed
with a dark dado the insects are invariably found on the dado and not on the light
surface. This points to doing away with dadoes and using only whitewash.

The gist of these experiments, which seem to have a very practical bearing on
life in malarious districts, was published in the British Medical Journal last Septem-
ber. They seem to have attracted little attention in this country ; but the practical
minds at the head of the United States army, without waiting for the fuller report,
which appears in the current number of \\\& Journal oj Hygiene, have already decided
to take action on the lines that the experiments indicate. We learn from the Surgeon-
General's Office in Washington that the regulation army shirt of navy blue is to be
withdrawn from all malarious districts, and a light one issued in its stead. [English
Mechanic, January 24, I902. )

Sept , 1903.] LuDi.ow : Some Philii'Itne Mosquitoes. 137

From these few observations it appears that dark moths and butter-
flies prefer bhie, red, black or green-colored objects on which to rest ;
that white butterflies are most generally attracted by white flowers ;
yellow butterflies by yellow flowers, while locusts decidedly i)refer to
rest on a white surface.

In the case of house-flies, and perhaps Siini//ia and Culicidie, I
have thought that as flies evidently love heat, being thermotropic, that
as dark cloths absorb and retain the heat of the sun's rays better than
white or pale materials, they " feel better," /. c, they respond to the
stimulus of the warmth of a dark surface, respire more rapidly and
are more active ; the cause being a physical one.

It is also evident that all these insects have good eyesight, distin-
guishing at a considerable distance the different colors of small objects,
or of more extended surfaces.

SOME PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES.

By C. S. Ludlow.

The study of the moscjuitoes in the Philippine Islands is carried on
by the authority of the Surgeon-General, U. S. A., and with the co-
operation of the Medical Department to ascertain at what places and
times those proven or likely to be proven disease carriers are preva-
lent. The work has been in progress now for about three years, the
collections having come in from all parts of the Islands, from Appari
in Luzon to Jolo in the Sulu Archipelago, and the records show that
besides the information gained for the medical phase of the study
there has also been gathered some of value only from the entomological
standpoint.

Among the moscjuitoes listed below are some recently described
by Theobald (British Museum) as found in adjacent countries, a couple
of Anopheles previously published in the Journal of the New York
Entomological Society, and some new species, one of which Theobald
publishes with my permission, from my MS. in the new volume of his
Monograph.

Mr. Theobald has lately created from the Anopheles the new genus
Myzonivia, but as I do not know the distinctive characteristics on

138 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

which the new genus is based I have retained the old nomenclature,
putting the new name in parentheses in the species of which he has
written me.

Anopheletes.

Anopheles philippinensis Ludlow.

A. sinensis U^iedemann.

A. " var. annularis van der Wulp.

A. pseudobarbirostris LmUow.

A. (Myzomyia) rossii Giles.

A. (Myzomyia) ludlowii Theobald.

A. kochii Domtz.

A. fu nest us Giles.

A. liidlowii was referred to in my article "Two Philippine Mos-
quitoes" (Jour. N. Y. Ento. Soc, Sept., 1902) as A. rossii G\\&^
having "curiously mottled legs not described for the type" and later
specimens were sent to Mr. Theobald who found the variations con-
siderable enough to be specific. It is, so far as the collections to date
show, the most widely distributed of the Anopheles in the Islands,
being sent in from many parts of Luzon, and some of the southern

islands.

S pegomyi^.

Stegomyia fasciata Fabricius.

S. " var. mosquito Desvoidy.

S. " var. luciensis Theobald.

S. scutellaris Walker.

S. " var. equivalent to luciensis, i. e., a black tip

on the last hind tarsal joint.

S. scutellaris subspecies samarensis Ludlow.

The specimens of sculell^eris taken on Samar, differ from the type
as follows :

I. Has two white lateral bands on the head.

II. The silvery median line on the thorax extends the whole length of the meso-
notum, tapering from the cephalic end to just in front of the scutellum, and there is a
narrow white line on each side extending cephalad from the scutellum about one third
of the length of the mesonotum, and dividing its width almost exactly into quarters.

III. Femora of hind legs are white at the base with a white line reaching almost
to the knee : on fore and mid legs this line is not so distinct nor is it so long : the
metatarsi of the hind legs have a basal white band, and those of the fore and mid
legs a basal white spot.

IV. The first submarginal cell is longer than its stem, and about the same width
as second posterior.

Sept., 1903.] Ludlow: Some Philippine Mosquitoes. 139

While these variations are perhaps not specific they are certainly
enough to create a subspecies. It is perhaps as close to }^ra>itn as to
scutellaris Theob.

Stegomyia nivea, sp. nov.

9 • Head covered with dark brown scales, which in some lights giving bronze
iridescence, dark brown forked scales on the occiput, narrow white rim around the
eyes ; proboscis with dark brown scales also showing iridescence ; palpi dark brown ;
antenn;\; dark brown, verticils Ijrown, pubescence pale, eyes brown.

Thorax : the mesonotum densely covered with long curved white (silvery) scales
from the neck about two thirds of the way, with three very narrow dark lines, one
median and two Submedian. The rest of the mesonotum with dark brown curved scales;
scutellurn covered with dark brown scales, also showing iridescence ; metanotuni
nude ; pleurce dark brown, with silvery spots.

Abdomen covered dorsaliy with dark brown scales, the first three segments en-
tirely brown, the fourth showing a small basal median white spot, the following seg-
ments basally white-banded, the bands heavier on the last two segments ; brown and
light hairs on the ape.\ of each segment ; ventrally the abdomen is basally white-
banded throughout, the bands widened laterally so as to form heavy white basal late-
ral spots.

Legs : coxce and trochanters light and ventral side of all the femora light, but the
rest of the legs very are dark brown (almost black) except the femora of the legs, which
are white dorsaliy, as well as ventrally two thirds of the distance from the trochanters
to the tibiix; ; the tarsal joints, including the metatarsus of the hind legs, are a slightly
lighter brown, and show iridescence. Ungues simple and equal.

All the Hat brown scales, on whatever part of the body, show bronze iridescence,
but the curved and forked ones seem to lack it. This, of course, does not apply to
wing scales.

The wings show the typical Ste^otnyia scales, brown ; the first submarginal cell
is slightly narrower and longer than the second posterior, the bases being nearly
on a line ; the mid- and supernumerary cross-veins meet the latter a little shorter
than the mid-vein, and the posterior distant from the mid-vein about twice the latter's
length.

Length 5.6 mm. (including proboscis).

Habitat : Oras, Samar, P. I. Caught. May-June, 1902.
This is an easily recognized species, the snowy thorax and white
femora being distinctive.

Stegomyia amesii, sp. nov.

9. Head covered with dark brown scales, giving dark iridescence, a minute
pale spot on the sides, forked scales dark brown, brown hairs between the eyes :
antennse dark brown, verticels brown, pubescence brown, first joint testaceous : palpi
dark brown : proboscis very dark scaled, dark iridescence in some light : clypeus
brown : eyes brown.

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Thorax dark brown and rather closely covered with small slender dark brown
curved scales : scutellum dark brown : nietanotum dark brown ; pleurae brown with
three bunches of white scales.

Abdomen brown, heavily covered with dark brown scales giving dark green and
blue iridescence, small white lateral spots on most of the segments : venter dark.

Legs dark brown, the femoraTlight on ventral side, otherwise the whole of the
leg IS dark, but the scales are so iridescent, those of the femora and tibia; reflecting
green and blue lights, and those on metatarsi and tarsal joints giving bronze lights
that the latcer often appear much lighter. Ungues equal and simple.

Wings heavily brown scaled with typical Stegouiyia scales : first submarginal cell
a little longer and about the same width as the second posterior, its base slightly in-
terior to the latter' s. The supernumerary cross-vein meets the mid at an obtuse angle
and is about the same length as the mid, as is also the posterior cross-vein, which is
distant from the mid about three times its'own length. Halteres heavily light scaled
on the stem, knob dark.

Length 3-3.5 mm.

Habitat : Oras, Samar. Tacloban, Leyte. Twin Peaks, Banquet.
Luzon.

Caught. June-December.

This is a very small dark species near S. mimita Theob. and was
sent me by Dr. Roger P. Ames, Major, Surgeon U. S. V., who did the
clinical work in the investigation by Major Reed, Surgeon U. S. A.,
concerning mosquitoes and "yellow fever."

The Stegomyia are wide-spread throughout the Islands, S. fasciata
Fabr being apparently present in every locality, and very numerous.
The others are not so frequently met, and ^. nivea has been taken
only at Oras, Samar.

DesvoidetE. (Armigeres.)

Desvoidea fusca Theob.

Taken, so far, only in the southern islands.

In the last few months a new genus near Stegomyia has been
created, the distinctive differences lying mostly in the head and wing
scales, by which, as well as by the lack of the continuation of the
third longitudinal vein, it is also separated from Desvoidea.

Finlaya Theobald.

Finlaya poicilia Theobald.

This mosquito is also confined to the southern islands.
Another species has come in in the last i&w days which is appar-
ently undescribed, but there has not been sufficient time to make the

Sept., 1903. Ludlow: Somk Philippine Mosquitoes. 141

necessary comparisons to determine it a new species and the de-
scription is withheld. It is a very beautiful species, the very heavy
silvery median line on head, mesonotum, and scutellum resembling
those of Culex serratus Theobald, while the scale positions remove it
from that genus.

The genus is named for Dr. Finlay, who was probably the first to
suggest the connection between moscpiitoes and " yellow fever."

CULICES.

Culex microannulatus Theo/>.
Culex annulifera, sp, nov.

9. Head covered with dark brown and light scales, two bands of white
flat scales on the sides, curved creamy, and dark forked scales on the occiput, a nar-
row white rim around the eyes, and a few brown hairs between the eyes : antenna;
brown, verticels and pubescence brown, but giving pale reflections, first joint testa-
ceous : palpi brown with small white apex : proboscis dark brown at base and ape.\,
with a very broad cream-colored band, equal to one half or more the length of the
proboscis, between : eyes brown.

Thorax dark brown, covered with dark brown curved scales with curved white
and creamy scales in irregular and indefinite lines and spots : scutellum dark brown
with cream-colored curved scales, hairs brown : metanotum dark brown : pleurx"
dark, with numerous patches of white scales.

Abdomen covered with very dark (almost black) scales and basal white bands,
sometimes extending as small lateral spots : ventrally largely white scaled with apical
white spots on many of the segments. The abdominal markings vary in defmiteness
in the individuals, but the dorsal basal bands and the ventrolateral apical spots seem
persistent, while the very small dorso-lateral spots are not.

Legs: coxffi and trochanters all more or less white scaled : femora all dorsally
dark brown heavily sprinkled with white scales, white or creamy knee-spot, some-
times involving both sides of the joint, ventrally much lighter : tibi;\: all dark, slightly
sprinkled with white, and sometimes, on the fore and mid legs, a narrow white ring
at the apex : all the metatarsi dark with narrow basal light bands, and that on the
hind leg somewhat heavier and sometimes a few light scales scattered through the
dark ones : first and second tarsal joints on fore and mid legs have narrow light basal
bands third and fourth joints dark, sometimes a very small basal spot on the third :
all the tarsal joints on the hind legs have heavy basal white bands. Fore and mid
ungues equal and uniserrate, hind simple.

Wings heavily brown-scaled ; cells small : first submarginal narrower than and
the same length as second posterior, the base of the latter well interior; the stems of
both nearly equal to the length of the cells : supernumerary cross-vein is two thirds the
length of the mid-vein which it meets, posterior cross-vein is as long as the mid-vein
and distant from it a little more than its own length. Halteres light, the knob white-
scaled.

Length 6 mm., with proboscis 9 mm.

142 Journal New York Entomological Society, [VoLxi.

$ . Head much as in female except that the second pale band on the sides is
not so defined and is perhaps lacking (males not in good condition) : antennae are
really brown, but the reflections make them look ochraceous : palpi daik with a white
spot at the bases of the ultimate and penultimate joints, and a cream-colored band
dividing the remainder in halves, the plumes are rather heavy and dark, but like those
of the antennje, often look mostly light : proboscis very dark with quite a narrow
cream-colored band somewhat caudad of the middle (on a line with the interior band
on the palpi).

Thorax much as in female, the lines and spots less definite.

Abdomen as in female, but very hairy. Claspers large.

Legs practically as in female. Fore and mid ungues very unequal, the larger
having a large tooth about midway and a short, apparently spinous, one at the base;
hind ungues small and simple.

Wing not so heavily scaled, and the first submarginal is a little longer than the
second posterior, their bases nearly on a line : the posterior cross- vein is a little
shorter than the mid, and not quite its length distant.

Habitat. — Philippine Islands. Caught, February (Mangarin),
March, April (Dagupan).

The female was described from a lot (28), all females, sent by Dr.
Frank Suggs from Mangarin, Mindoro : the males from a lot (234)
sent by Dr. M. A. DeLaney, First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon
U. S. A. from Dagupan, Pangasinan, Luzon, but the insects had many
of them been wet and were not in good condition. It is nearly related
to C. microannulatiis Theob. and C. vislinui Theob.
Culex sitiens Wiedemann.
C. annulioris Theobald.
C. hirsutum Theobald.
C. caecus Theobald.
C. gel id us Theobald.
C. gelidus var. cuneatus Theobald.
C. fatigans ]Vicde)nanu.
Culex fragiiis, sp. nov.

Female. Head dark, covered with light ochraceous, almost cream- colored,
curved, and light fawn-colored forked scales on the occiput, with white flat opalescent
ones on the sides and a rim around the eyes ; antennae light brown, pubescence and
verticels the same ; palpi light brown ; proboscis light brown ; eyes dark blue.

Thorax very light with two rather broad light brown submedian lines and a light
greenish- brown tinge, covered with a frosty bloom much like that found on Anopheles,
sparsely covered with very small hair-like golden scales. Scutellum light brown with
similar scales ; metanotum almost white ; pleurae testaceous, a soft blue-green. The
whole thorax has a greenish tinge and a general translucent appearance. Abdomen
dark green sparsely covered with very thin white opalescent flat scales and light brown
hairs ; ventrally much the same.

Sept, 1903] Ludlow: Some Philippine Mosquitoes. 143

Legs : cox?e and trochanters colored like pleurae, femora light fawn-colored dor-
sally, white ventrally ; tibia; much the same ; metatarsi and tarsi rather darker — a
light brown — the scales are all small and on these joints give golden reflections.
Ungues small, simple and equal.

Wings covered with small fawn-colored scales: first submarginal a little longer
and nearly the same width as second posterior, the stems of both about two thirds the
length of the cells ; supernumerary cross-vein same length as mid which it meets :
posterior cross-vein same length as mid and about two and a half times its length dis-
tant. Halteres, light stem, fawn-colored knob. Fhe third long vein is extended
into the base cells by an incrassation nearly as heavy as that found in Desvoidirc.

Length 3-3.5 mm.

Male differs very slightly from the female. Antennx a soft light brown, and
the tufts of the palpi are small and of the same general fawn-color; the thorax fre-
quently lacks the two light brown submedian lines and is perhaps lighter. Ungues
of fore and mid legs slightly uneven, the larger bearing a long tooth about midway.

A very delicate looking insect, the general translucent appearance
of the thorax and small opalescent scales giving an appearance of great
fragility.

Habitat. — Oras, Samar. Caught, August 6.

The culices are mostly wide-spread, gelidus, aeci/s and /rax^///s being

apparently the most restricted as to localities ; fatigans is of course

universal.

Grabhami.^ Theobald.

Grabhamia spencerii Theobald.

This specimen was taken at Hagonoy Bulacan, Luzon, P. L, and

as G. spencerii was reported only from Manitoba and there were some

slight variations I hesitated to place it under this species, but I have

since taken it at San Francisco, Cal., and Mr. Theobald has written

that it is almost surely this species, which is quite variable.

Mansgni^e.
Mansonia annulifera Theobald.
Masonia africana vel uniformis Theobald.

Mr. Theobald writes me that africana and uniformis are identical,
some badly preserved specimens from a different locality being re-
sponsible for the second species. J/, africana occurs in many parts
of the Islands.

^DOMVLE.

/Edeomyia squammipenna Arribalzaga.

This is rarely taken, only two specimens having been sent in dur-
ing the three years.

144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi.

There are, of course, many insects closely related to the Culicidse,
and at times some not even belonging to the dipterse, sent in, but no
effort is made to determine these, as they have no place in the prob-
lem on hand, though they are, many of them, of interest to the en-
tomologist and may prove to be of interest to the pathologist.

Much of the country is still unexplored, so far as this research is
concerned, the southern islands particularly having few collecting sta-
tions, and with the exception of the collections sent in by Major R.
P. Ames, such as have been sent in have, partly owing to the change
of surgeons, either been irregular or have not covered many consecu-
tive months, so that other new species are to be expected and will un-
doubtedly be added to the list.

TWO NEW HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES.

By William H. Ashmead, M.A., D.Sc.

Orgilus kearfotti, sp. nov.

(J . Length 3 mm. Honey-yellow, the head in front paler ; disk of metathorax,
the eyes and the stemmaticum black ; flagellum dusky or brownish ; a spot at apex ot
hind femora, the hind tibise, except a white annulus at base, and their tarsi, fuscous.
Wings hyaline, the stigma and the veins brown.

Caldwell, N. J. One specimen, bred by Mr. W. D. Kearfott,
July 2d, from Recurvaria jiiniperella Kearfott.
Type.— Cat. No. 6960, U. S. N. M.

Protapanteles recurvariae, sp. nov.

9 • Length 1. 65 mm. Head and thorax black and shining, but sparsely punc-
tate; the clypeus, the mandibles, scape of antennas, the abdomen at sides and be-
neath, the second dorsal segment, and the legs, except a spot at apex of the hind
femora, the apex of hind tibiae and the hind tarsi except basally which are fuscous,
honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma brown. The ovipositor is prominent cla-
vate, black ; the plate of the first segment is trapezoidal, sculptured, the rest of the
abdomen smooth, impunctured.

Montclair, N. J. Two specimens, bred by Mr. W. D. Kearfott,
June 2d and 7th from Recurvaria piceaella Kearfott. Another speci-
men was bred from R. thujaella Kearfott.

Type. Cat. No. 6961, U. S. N. M.

0

Sept., 1903.] Kearfott : New American Tineotdea. 145

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TINEOIDEA.
By W. D. Kearfott.

'I'he majority of the following species are the result of breeding
from larvae found on various food plants in New Jersey.

I am indebted to Mr. August Busck for very kindly working up
the genera of most of the species, in fact more than half of the
species are described on his authority that they were unknown. 1
have also to acknowledge my obligation to Mr. C. L. Pollard for all
the botanical determinations, excepting the conifera, also to Dr. W.
H. Ashmead for all identifications of the hymenopterous parasites, and
my thanks are especially due to Mrs. William Beutenmiiller, for the
very artistic and perfectly drawn figures for the plate that accompanies
this paper ; and it is with much p'easure that I can add my small testi-
mony to the generally conceded opinion, that Mrs. Beutenmiiller is the
first in the ranks of the entomological artists of this^country.
Symphysa adelalis, sp. nov. Plate IX, Figs, ir and 20.

' Li f n * Head and thorax pure white, eyes black. Tongue short, yellow. Palpi short,
porrect, second joint with long loose projecting scales beneath, apical joint short, not
pointed ; color white, shaded with pale golden-brown. .Vntennje one third length of
forewing, ciliated ; basal joint white, enlarged, outer joints white, with annular rings
of pale brown on each, darker on the inside. Forewing pure white, a few pale brown
scales on median line at base, an interrupted band of the same from costa to inner
margin, before middle, the scales within this band on the inner margin are very long
and tipped with dark brown. An ovate discal spot of dark brown raised scales. A
sub-outer marginal band of very pale brown from costa before apex to inner angle,
broadening below and extending up to discal spot and below cell almost to and some-
times coalescing with inner band. A few raised yellowish scales, tipped with brown
on costa just before apex, in some specimens this is a well-defined spot, in strongly
marked specimens there are three small brown dots on outer margin, just below apex.
Cilia a pale brown inner band, then a nearly white band, scales tipped with dark
brown at apex, becoming paler below. The markings are repeated on the underside,
but intensified, and concentrated into two patches of dark brown, one before the dis-
cal spot and one subapical. Hindwing pure white, with two shades or patches of
light brown on the inner margin, the inner about middle of margin extends upward to
cell, the outer beginning at anal angle reaches to within a (juarter or a third of apex,
nearly parallel to outer margin, in the darkest specimens these shades almost or quite
coalesce at their upper parts. There are two tufts of very long raised white scales,
tipped with brown, one on median line beginning at base and ending over inner brown
shade where the brown tips form a distinctly darker spot, the lower one extends from
inner angle to about inner third of dorsum, and the brown tips form another spot at

146 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

that point. In repose, especially when the wings are below the abdomen, so that the
dorsum is in profile these two tufts and the long thoracic scales form a dentate outline
of three prominent groups of scales. (The thoracic tuft white, the two dorsal tufts
dark brown.) Cilia : white shaded with light brown lines, darkest opposite the dorsal
patch. Underside : the pattern of the upperside is more or less faintly repeated,
some specimens have three small dark brown dots, one about middle of cell, one on
same line half way between end of cell and outer margin and the third close to the
anal angle. Abdomen : first abdominal segment pure white, second shaded with
brown, others to apex dark brown, with white scales at incisions. Underside white,
slightly shaded with brown. Legs white, outer joints lightly shaded with brown. Alar
expanse 12 to 16 mm.

Described from 46 specimens, issued from July to 20 August 15.
Types U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 6970. Cotypes, Am. Mus. Nat. His.,
Acad. Nat. Science, British Museum and collection Kearfott.

Larva. — Full grown, 8 mm., extended 10.5 mm., flattened, annulated. Width
segments 4 to 11, 1.9 mm. ; width head i.l mm. broad, flattened, triangular, retractile
into 2 and 3 ; head very dark brown, almost black, shining, mouth parts paler, almost
square deeply cleft on top forming two well rounded lobes, shagrened ; clypeus tri-
angular, curving out slightly just above base, suture light brown. Antennje long,
pale at base, two outer segments black, joints paler, ocelli brown on darker brown
field. Segments 2, contracted, smoky brown. Prothoracic shield divided from head
by pale cream color collar, narrow, but extending down almost to spiracles, color brown
clouded with paler shades and edged posteriorly and laterally with black. Anal shield
small, concolorous, roughened but not chitinous. Thoracic feet unusually long, claws
dark brown, upper segments pale brown. Four pairs abdominal feet but slightly de-
veloped, the crochets brown, small, circle slightly flattened or oval and not open, color
brown. Anal feet the same. Spiracles concolorous. Dorsal setae very short and
minute, lateral setce moderate, head setK long, nearly equal to width of head. Tuber-
cular plates large and polished, giving larva a shining appearance, the dorsal tubercles
on 3 and 4 are like prothoracic shield, chitinous, smoky brown.

Pupa. — Very small for size of moth ; 6 mm. long, 1.6 mm. diameter at thorax,
rounded and tapering gradually to anal end which terminates in two very short knobs
on the cremaster, each armed with a single short recurved hair. Eye caps promi-
nent, oblong, reaching to vertex of head, clypeal space between eyes rather narrow
and nearly closed just above labrum ; labial palpi narrow, tapering to a point at their
posterior end which is two thirds distance from vertex of head to end of wing cases ;
latter and thoracic feet cover sixth abdominal segment ; antennal cases terminate
half way between tips of wing cases and end of labial palpi. No spines or hooks on
dorsal region. Setiv minute. Dehiscence : upper half of labial palpi separates on
both sides thoracic feet cases, and remains attached to labrum, clypeus and eye caps.
Another long separation occurs on each side between antennal cases and wing covers,
also a split along dorsal line which extends to posterior edge of thorax.

About the latter part of June, 1901, when examining the tree trunks
at Anglesea, N. J., for small moths, I found a very interesting larval case
a little more than an eighth of an inch long roughly shaped like a flat-

Sept., 1903.1 Kk.vrfott : Nfav American Tineoidea. 147

tened figure 8 but rounded out instead of indented in the waist and
which was made of very small particles of a nearly pure white lichen
(Plate IX, P'ig. 20, enlarged) ; this lichen occurring in patches on
several species of trees in this sea- and wind-swept district, includ-
ing oak, holly and juniper. I lelt very certain I had discovered the
habitat of one of our North American species of Adda, as the case
very closely resembles the cases of that genus as figured in Stainton's
Natural History of the Tineina, Vol. XIII.

Notwithstanding that an ample supply of the lichen was brought
home with it, the larva failed to get beyond the stage in which I found
it, although constantly watched until the spring of the following year.
When, in 1902 I visited Anglesea again, at nearly the end of June,
and began almost immediately on arrival a hunt to secure other cases
of my supposed Adela, sp. The trees were there and the patches of
lichen were common and for over two hours I scrutinized minutely
and as I thought exhaustively, with never a case to reward my search ;
almost on the point of giving up the hunt I threw myself down on
the soft white sand at the root of a large oak, and from force of habit
kept my eyes on the white lichen although it was seemingly barren of
insect life ; after a few moments steadily gazing at one spot I fancied
I witnessed a slight movement, still closer e.xamination and the secret
was out — a full-grown case this time, with the larva busily eating, and
occasionally as he browsed, shifting his case a short distance and
then securing it again with a few threads of silk. In five minutes on
this same patch I had found eight more cases and in an hour or two
ten times as many.

The home of this larva is a very beautiful illustration of natural
mimicry, as it is composed of the pabulum of the insect, without
change of color and almost without change of form, flattened and
with edges pressed tightly to the lichenous bark, it is as nearly invisi-
ble as anything in perfectly plain sight can be, and I am afraid had
not my first larva taken the notion, at the moment I was looking
towards him, to move his house, he would be undiscovered to this
day. A fresh supply of food was brought back to the city with the
cases, and placed in a very large battery jar with the pieces of bark
secured to short thin boards and all stood on end in the jar, to imitate
the natural position of the bark ; an occasional sprinkling with a fine
hot-house syringe and the cover left off of jar to ensure plenty of fresh
air seemed to agree with the larvce as the increasing quantity of dry

148 Journal New York Entomological Society. rvoi.xi.

powdery frass at the bottom testified. A month later several very
delicate little pearly white moths made their appearance, and destroyed
my hope of an Adela, but as the habitat of this larva so closely resem-
bles that of an Adda larva, I have called it Adelalis, although to be
properly scientific I suppose it should be called in Latin the "Lichen-
feeding-^^/^A;-like-case-bearing-almost-invisible-pyralid."

It is placed tentatively in the genus SympJiysa, as its structure more
nearly resembles the species of this genus than any other with which
I .am familiar, but there are certain differences in the moth as well as
entirely different habits of the larva; which will probably warrant the
erection of a new genus if nothing more closely allied than Symphysa
can be found to accommodate it. The case is from 14 to 16 mm.
long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. thick in the middle. It is composed
of small particles of nearly white lichen, held together with silk, the
outside appearance is rough very much resembling the lichen on a
fairly smooth piece of bark ; the inside is neatly lined with a thin
layer of white silk.

The case is bivalvular, the under valve is only two thirds the length
of the upper, hence, at each end the latter overlaps the former, giving
a space for the larva to stretch head and two or three segments from
the closed case and feed in safety, entirely invisible, under the pro-
tection afforded by the projecting ends of the upper valve ; this item
of safety is further enhanced by the way the silk is spun into these
ends, causing them to lay with edges flat and pressed to the bark.

The case is begun with a hinge on one side, exactly like a pair of
clam shells, and is enlarged by adding to the outer edges and ends. On
the under side the concentric rings of slightly different shades of
lichen clearly indicate this. In shape the main or protected part of
case is roughly oval, but with the extension pieces of the upper valve
broadening out equal to its greatest width. Fig. 20 on Plate IX was
drawn from an imperfect case, in perfect specimens the outer ends are
smoothly and evenly rounded.

The larv^ spend from eight to ten days in pupa. On June 26
about a dozen moths had emerged, while a considerable number of
larvee had not pupated. Only one brood, the moths, no doubt, lay
their eggs shortly after emergence, and I believe the eggs hatch and
small cases are begun in the fall, the insects wintering in this stage.

Sept., 1903.] Kearfott: New American Tixeoidea. 149

Crambus vachellellus, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 6.

Head, palpi and thorax lead color with a slight metallic luster. Fore wing dull
lead color, inner two thirds, with a number of nearly black lines ; one, beginning at
base extends parallel to costa to inner third where it divides for a short distance (about
one eighth), then joining again and ending before subterminal band. A second line
begins at costa on inner third, runs obliquely outward to band number one but does
not touch it, beyond this on costa a third oblique dash. Below band number one be-
ginning at base a fourth band descends oblitjuely towards anal angle, but stopping
before subterminal band, below this band number live runs parallel to number four,
number six, somewhat less distinctly defined parallels the last two. In the space be-
yond and below cell and between bands one and four are three short dashes of same
dark color. Between these dashes and also between bands four and five the ground
color is replaced by creamy white. The ground color of outer third of wing is bright
ochreous, crossed from costa to anal angle by subterminal band of metallic lead color.
This is angulated in center same as hortellus. An apical dash of metallic and metallic
scales on cilia forming a terminal metallic band is also like hortellus. The three black
dots on lower half of outer margin are also repeated. Hind wings and under side of
both wings are dull lead color, cilia shining but not metallic. Abdomen lead color,
legs fuscous. Alar expanse 15 to 20 mm.

Size and markings same as Crambus Jwrtellits Hbn. but ground
color very dark lead grey, instead of pale cinereous as in our eastern
specimens of hortellus, and while it may prove to be the same species,
the constancy of coloration in the long series before nie will certainly
entitle it to a varietal name.

My species much more closely resembles Meyrick's description of
hortellus in his Handbook of British Lepidoptera than Fernald's de-
scription of this species in his Crambidie of North America,

Described from forty specimens collected by Arthur H. A'achell,
Verdi, Nevada, June i to 10, 1903, and I take pleasure in naming it
after him. Mr. Vachell advises me that the specimens were all caught
in long grass.

Type U. S. Nat. Mus. , No. 6969. Cotypes, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Acad. Nat. Sciences, British Museum and collection Kearfott.

Thaumatopsis daeckeellus, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 14.

Eyes large, hemispherical, reddish -brown mottled with black, scales between
eyes, long, erect, light and dark brown mottled, same coloration extending over thorax,
base of antennre circled by a ring of cream-colored scales. Palpi long as head and
thorax, pointed ; long scales mottled ochreous fuscous and dark brown. Antennre
half as long as front wing, pectinated, dark fuscous. Front wing ochreous fuscous,
almost uniformly distributed over wing, except above median line ground color is a
shade or two darker. Conspicuously marked with a narrow white band on median
line beginning at base, clearly defined and distinct to end of cell, then gradually turn-

150 Journal New York Entomological Society, |v<,i. xi.

ing to light brown (approximating ground color of wing) and continuing to outer
margin. No other lines or dashes. Cilia short, uniform with ground color. Hind
wing dark fuscous. Underside both wings dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous,
terminal tuft shade lighter. Legs dark fuscous. Alar expanse 20 to 23 mm.

Described from five males, Lucaston, N. J., October 10, 1902.
Collected by E. Daecke in whose honor I take pleasure in naming
this very distinctive species. Mr. Daecke states that on October 10
the grass was fairly alive with specimens of this species, and as it
seemed so common he thought the few he caught would be sufficient
for all of his needs.

Zelleria celastrusella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. i.

Head : frontal tuft of long, overhanging, light gray scales, finely specked with
brown, and over the eyes forming rounded tufts, out of which the antennas arise.
Palpi porrect, one and a half length of head, second and apical joint about equal in
length, both tufted, the apical joint ending in a large rounded tuft, scales same color
as on head. Eyes black. Antennse : basal joint slightly thickened beneath, color
fuscous, more whitish on upper side of basal joints, and at incisions, length three quar-
ters of forewing. Thorax : rather closely appressed scales, whitish with fuscous spots
caused by tips of scales being so marked. Patagia long, appressed scales, same color as
thorax. Forewing : fuscous, with loosely appressed scales, about twenty single long,
black scales form as many black dots, four on costa before the middle, two just below
costa beyond the middle and two on costa before the apex, others are about evenly
distributed over the dorsal half of wing, a lighter shade crosses wing at inner fourth
bordered outwardly by a much darker patch, which is broadest just below costa, and
curves inwardly to a narrow band on dorsum. A distinct patch of white scales form
a spot on costa before apex, just at the beginning of the cilia, another patch of white
scales on outer margin between apex and outer angle, "between these white patches is
a median shade of yellowish fuscous, beyond this shade and the white spots the cilia
is inwardly margined with black, cilia before apex ferruginous, a shade of pearly white
scales on cilia below lower white spot. A streak of lighter ground color from base to
angle between median and dorsal. Underside dark fuscous, nearly black at apex. A
costal white line on the outer half, ending in a white costal spot beneath the subapi-
cal spot on upper side. Cilia paler. A long pencil of dark fuscous hairs arise at base
and lay along costa. Hind wing : upper and under side uniformly dark fuscous, cilia
paler. Abdomen fuscous, speckled with lighter scales. Legs same as head and
palpi. Alar expanse 13 to 16 mm.

Described from about 200 bred specimens, Esse.x County, New
Jersey, larvse on Celasfrus scandens Linn, (climbing bittersweet).
Type U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 6817. Cotypes, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Acad. Nat. Sciences, British Museum and collection Kearfott.

Lai'va. — Mature, 9-10 mm. long, slender, tapering evenly to each end, slightly
annulate, width widest part middle segments 1.5 mm.; width head .45 mm. Head
olive greenish-brown, mouth parts light brown, ocelli black ; slightly flattened, in-

Sept,i903l KeARFOTT: NeW AMERICAN TiNEOIDEA. 151

dented at top, lobes full and rounded. Clypeus triangular, reaching only half way to
vertex. Thoracic legs yellowish green ; abdominal legs normal, complete crochets of
brown hooks. Skin vivid leaf green, slightly darker dorsal line and ventral sur-
face paler. Anal prolegs long, projecting back beyond anus. Xo lines or marks
on skin. Thoracic shield concolorous, but shining, tubercular plates concolorous and
inconspicuous. Spiracles minute, concolorous. Tubercle i at same height as ii, iii
directly dorsad to spiracle, iv caudad and ventrad to spiracle. Thorax ia + ib, iia -(-
iib. Set;¥ short and very slender, tubercles minute.

Pupa. — From empty pupal skin ; very thin and flimsy. Length 5.5 mm. Wing
and antennal cases extend down to extreme end of anal segment, the latter a trifle
beyond as two blunt points. Cremaster small, very slightly indented, armed with
two short hairs, each terminating in a small recurved hook. Labial palpi about half
length of wing cases and swelling out to twice its average width, at about one third
below labrum. Just below eye cap, on each side between labial palpi and prothoracic
feet cases, is a slightly indented oblique suture forming a small triangular space that
perhaps indicates the position of the maxillary palpi. Dehiscence, the ventral edge
of antennal cases on one side separate from prothoracic foot, and on the other side
the lateral edge of antennal case separated from wing case for about half their length.
Part of vertex of head, clypeus, labrum and about half of eye-caps remain cemented
to labial palpi.

Early in I\Ia\' the terminal twigs and almost every leaf of this
vine is crimipled and spun together by these slender green larvae,
each living separately. Pupated from May 15 to 20 and moths
began emerging May 27, continuing until middle of June. I have
not found any trace of a second brood. The larvc-e pupate within
the crumpled leaf, spinning a dense spider-web mass of white, silk,
pupa remains in cocoon when moth emerges. The moths have a
distinctive resting habit ; the legs are drawn up close to thorax and
latter is pressed down so that the ventral side touches the twig, the
wings are pressed tightly against abdomen and tilted up, at an angle
of fifteen to twenty degrees from the level of the surface on which
they are resting. In this position they can readily be mistaken for a
well-developed bud, as their general color is not unlike the bark of
the vine.

Recurvaria.

During the early spring of 1902 and 1903 I succeeded in breeding
moths of this genus from four different species of conifera, and after
having done so found I was able to clear up a case of wrong identifi-
cation with regard to one of the species.

In the Fifth Report of the U. S. Entomological Commission, page
850, Fig. 284 is labelled Gelechia obliquisti-igella Cham. The type
oi obliquistrigella which Mr. Busck has examined at Cambridge and the

152 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

U. S. National Museum is an entirely different species. Therefore,
Fig. 284 represents a species until now undescribed and which I pro-
pose to call piceaella after its food plant, red spruce in New England
and black spruce in Northern New Jersey.

Very closely allied to this species, and difficult to separate in the
perfect state, except for its average smaller size is a species that feeds
on Thuja occidentaUs Linn, (arbor-vitae or white cedar), this species
I have named thujaella.

On Juniperus virginiana Linn, (red cedar) I have bred what I
believe to be the true obltqtiistrigella of Chambers.

On Jiaiiperus communis Linn, (common juniper) is a fourth spe-
cies closely allied to the last, which I have mxaed Juniperel/a .

Two additional species were also bred on conifera which, having
similar larval habits, may be included in the following brief synopses.

On Finns rigida M.\\\. (common pitch pine) the larvje of Para-
lechia pinifoliella Cham, are common throughout northern New Jersey.

On account of its larval habits I am inclined to place this species
under the genus Recurvaria, but refrain owing to a strong protest
from my friend Busck whose opinion on the general subject and
especially generic distinctions I have much respect for; although I
am not convinced that he is entirely right in placing pinifoliella — a
miner of pine needles and our old friend inscripta Wlsm. (but here-
after tobe known as cristifasciella Cham.), whose larva lives on oak,
between two leaves fastened together with silk, both together in his
new genus Paralechia ; and while the venation of these two species
may be identical, their appearance, in outline, coloration and general
superficial characters, as well as their habits, are very different.

On Tsuga canadensis Linn, (common hemlock), Recur-oaria api-
citripunctella Clem, (^abietisella Pack.) are common as larv?e in March
and April in North Jersey.

The five first-named species are distinctly miners, excavating and
living within the leaflets or needles ; I was somewhat doubtful about
this being the case with the two juniper species, as juniper leaflets are
very much contracted at the joints, but careful examination with a
lens proved that narrowed as they are they are hollowed out in exactly
the same fashion as by the feeders on the long leaf pine and shorter
leaf spruce.

The leaf of the hemlock is so very flat it is very doubtful if the
larvae excavate, at least in their later stages.

Sept., 1903 J Kearkott: New American Tineoidea. 153

I have observed one habit common to all six species. Their eggs
are laid within a reasonable time after the moths' emergence (June
and July), in due course the young larvae hatch and begin a very
minute mine (the hemlock species I have not observed in its earliest
stage), which is slowly enlarged until cold weather causes torpidity,
and the larvce remain in these original mines until the earliest sunny
and warm spring days, when they desert the old mines and begin
new ones (in previous season's leaves) usually farther out or nearer the
end of the twig. One pitch pine needle is sufficient to complete the
larva's growth : on spruce several are required and the holes in the
bases of these are connected together with slender tubes of silk, the
larva passing from one to another at will, and it may often be seen in
the tube, between two needles, seemingly enjoying the warmth of a
sunny day.

The above-named moths can be separated by the following synopsis.

Synopsis of Speciks.

1. Forewing witli whitish haml from base to outer margin, parallel to costa 2

Forewings without this l)and 3

2. Subcostal band on forewing continuous jufliperella.

This band interrupted about one third from apex obliquistrigella.

3. Forewing with three oblicjue costal dashes 4

Forewing without these dashes 5

4. Forewing grayish fuscous thujaella.

Forewing ochreous fuscous piceael la .

5. Forewing with three white vertical bands from cosla to dorsum pinifoliella.

Forewings amber color, an oblique white streak from middle of costa.

apicitripunctella.

The following synopsis will indicate the principal differences in
the larvai ; the most similar pair of moths tliujaclla and piceael la are
very distinct in the larvre. All comparisons are from mature larvre.

Synopsis of Larv.k.

1. Head and prothoracic shield very dark brown, almost black 2

Head and shield light brown 3

2. Skin green apicitripunctella.

Skin brown pinifoliella.

Skin red thujaella.

3. An open red square on abdominal segments confined to dorsal region

obliquistrigella.

These scjuares extending to below spiracles juniperella.

Red predominating on dorsal and lateral regions piceaella.

154 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Recurvaria thujaella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Figs. 8 and 21.

Head cream white, closely appressed scales. Palpi long, twice length of head,
descending, curved ; cream white, basal joint black, and a black streak on under
side of middle joint from base to half its length ; a narrow ring of black on terminal
joint near base and another just before apex. Antenna: length two thirds of fore-
wing ; basal joint dark brown, without pecten, balance grayish-white with black an-
nulations at incisions. Thorax and patagia cream white. Forewing cream white ;
three outwardly oblique, roughly triangular, black costal patches, all edged outwardly
with whitish scales ; the inner begins at base and extends nearly to dorsum, the mid-
dle patch at inner third and the outer at outer third are both smaller and reach only
to median line ; with a denser cluster of black raised scales at lower apex of each
forming a distinct black dot ; below each, close to dorsum is a small black dot ;
close to costa between basal and middle patch is a sixth black dot, these six dots
are in three vertical pairs, almost evenly spaced and are all formed of black raised
scales bordered by one or two pure white scales. The outer patch is bordered by a
white line from costa, curving obliquely outward to middle of wing and then obliquely
inward to dorsum. Beyond this white line on costa is a patch of ground color more
or less evenly overlaid with dark brown scales, beyond this on outer margin is a wide
band of blackish-brown and a paler streak at extreme outer edge. On costa before
apex are three small black dots, also one at apex, one on outer margin close to apex
and one close to outer angle, these six spots are of black raised scales with one or
two white scales bordering each ; the apical spot is narrowly ringed with ground
color, this ring is bordered by darker scales, these scales being condensed into a fine
semicircular line on extreme apical margin, the whole forming a clearly defined apical
ocellus. Cilia above apex, short, ground color heavily overlaid with black, below
apex longer and less overlaid with black, on inner margin light gray and as long as
width of wing. Cilia indented at inner angle. Under side smoky gray, a pale
whitish narrow shade along costa at outer third and several lighter shades on costa
before apex. Cilia much paler, especially along outer margin where it sharply
contrasts with dark gray of wing ; this lighter shade turns the corner of the apex.
Hind wing light gray ; cilia same, about one and a quarter as long as width of wing.
Under side same, but slightly darker. Abdomen creamy white, under side shaded
with brown at anterior and middle segments. Legs creamy white, each joint ringed
or shaded with dark brown. Alar expanse 8.5 to 10 mm.

Described from forty-two specimens, bred from Thuja occideiitalis,
Linn., the common arbor-vitse used extensively for hedges, and also
known as white cedar when allowed to grow into trees.

Type U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6964. Cotypes, Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., Acad. Nat. Sci., British Museum and collection Kearfott.

J.nrva. — Slender cylindrical, tapering only close to ends, slightly annulate,
length 7.5 mm. Width central segments, i mm. Width head .5 mm. Head jet
black, narrow pointed, scarcely indented at apex, lobes rounded, clypeus narrow,
triangular, reaching to within one third of vertex. I'rothoracic shield dark brown
nearly black bisected by a faint green line and separated from head by a narrow
green collar. Anal shield small, black. Thoracic feet black-brown ; abdominal feet

Sept., 1903.1 Kearfott: New American Tineoidea. 155

normal, hook.s brown in small complete crochets. Skin dull red, slightly tinged with
purple, greenish in incisions between segments pink on ventral surface.

Pupa. — From empty pupal shell. Length 4.5 mm., slender, cylindrical, taper-
ing evenly to anal end, which is rounded, not pointed, and armed with two short
recurved hairs. Wings and antenncc extend down to posterior edge of fifth abdominal
segment. Labial palpi slender, tapering evenly to almost a point and half as long as
wings. Vertex of head rounded and smooth, eyes rounded, moderate, prominent.
Dehiscence accomplished by labial palpi, to which is attached labrum, clypeus, and
eye caps, separating from prothoracic feet covers, on one side the split extends down
to lower end of palpi. On dorsal line the split extends length of thorax. Pupa
remains in cocoon when moth emerges.

The eggs are deposited in the summer, and young larvcC begin
mining in the preceding year's leaves, avoiding the tender and resin-
ous young leaves of the present year ; they are probably more than
half grown by fall and hibernate in this stage. In the very early
spring, late February and early March, on warm sunny days the larvae
can be seen travelling a few inches farther out the twig and starting a
fresh mine, this time in the growth that was new their first year.

The interior of the peculiar close-jointed leaves, is completely
excavated, causing the empty leaves to turn yellow, and these small
patches are easily seen as contrasted with the natural dark green foli-
age (Plate IX, Fig. 21, enlarged). When ready to pupate the
larva lines one of the leaflets with white silk, making a roomy little
cell and begins pupating latter part of May, first moths emerged June
7, and continue during June.

A few hymenopterous parasites were bred, issuing about the same
time as the moths, which Dr. Ashmead describes as new in this num-
ber of the Journal (p. 144) under the name of Protapantelcs recur-
varicc Ashm.

Recurvaria piceaella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Figs. 10 and 19.

Markings same as thujaella, except the light shades have an ochreous tone
rather than fuscous as in thitjnella. The average size of piceaella is about I mm.
greater than of piceaella. Otherwise, the two species are very difficult to separate
in the imago state, and my only justification in making two species is in the consider-
able ditference in the larva.> and their food plants. Alar expanse, 9.5 to 1 1. 5 mm.

Described from fourteen specimens bred from black spruce, Picea
inariana Mill., Montclair, N. J. Issued May 30 to June 18, 1903.
Type, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6962. Cotypes Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
and collection Kearfott.

Laiva. — Same shape as larva of t/iu/'aella, but instead of black the head is pale
brown, prothoracic shield same but lighter. Skin red on dorsal, lateral and ventral

156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

regions, a dark green patch on each abdominal segment, on central dorsal area. On
ventral surface of thoracic segments, between each pair of legs is a deep purplish red
spot ; on segments 5 and 6 there is one such spot on each segment on center line.

This species is so well represented by Fig. 284, page 850 of the
Fifth Report of the United States Entomological Commission, that a
detailed description is hardly necessary. Dr. Packard states that the
alar expanse of the specimens before him was 13 mm. I have not
bred or seen any specimens exceeding 11.5 mm.

Parasites: Proiapanteles rccurvarii^ Ashm., same as above.

From the same batch of larvce from which the above issued were
bred three almost black specimens which, below, I have given the
varietal name of nigra.

Recurvaria piceaella var nigra, var. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 9.

Face cream white, slightly irrorated with smoky brown, scales closely appressed,
vertex same but smoky brown predominates. Palpi long, curved upwards, outer end
of second joint enlarged, apical joint about half as long as second, obtusely pointed.
Color inside and top of second joint cream white, underside fuscous, irrorated with
black, outside dark brown, nearly black, with two small spots of creamy white on
inner end and a large white spot at outer end. Outer joint a white annulation at
base, center and apex, between these are two rings of blackish-brown. Antennse :
basal joint black, slightly enlarged, about three fifths length of front wing, annulated
with cream white and fuscous. Thorax shiny fuscous, irrorated with brown scales.
Fore wing : color dark brown, nearly black on costa, evenly shading to a few degrees
lighter on dorsum. Marked by three conspicuous oblique white costal spots, evenly
spaced, first at inner fourth, second about center and outer at apical third. A black
spot close to costa beyond first white spot and two black spots below it, one on median
line and one close to dorsum, both outwardly edged with white. Below middle white
costal spot is a smaller white spot on median line, below this but slightly towards
base is another black spot edged outwardly with white. A larger black spot close to
dorsum at outer two thirds, edged with white costad, and a smaller black spot just
above it, this latter has a white scale on each side dorsad. The outer white costal
spot extends obliquely to median line, then proceeds at right angles inwardly to
dorsum, forming a > , beyond this the ground color is dark fuscous, heavily overlaid
with black scales, and with three small median spots of white in aline parallel to costa
before apex, and one just above anal angle on outer margin. Cilia dark fuscous,
inside light fuscous. Hind wing very dark fuscous, cilia paler, underside of both
wings same. Abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft dark cream. Legs fuscous, annulated
with cream color. Alar expanse lO mm.

Three specimens bred from picea mariaiia Mill. Pype U. S. Nat.
Mus., No. 6963. Cotypes Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, and collection Kear-
fott.

Sept., 1903.] Kearfoit : New American Tineoidea. 157

Recurvaria juniperella, sj). nov. Plate IX, Figs. 3 and 17.

Head creamy ochrcous white, closely appressed scales. Palpi long, second
joint thickened with appressed scales, third joint nearly as long as second, slender,
bluntly pointed, slightly drooping, curved outward and upward ; color cream white,
with dark brown or blackish .scales on basal joint, on under side and extending up-
wards in two patches on outer side of middle joint, forming basal ring and a short
streak on under side of terminal joint, this last streak joining a subapical ring. Anten-
nae : ba.sal joint without pecten, whitish clouded with brown, other joints witii annu-
lations of white and brown, about two thirds length of forewing. Thorax creamy
white, less ochreous than head, irrorated with light brown. Forewing : creamy
white, a sharply defined narrow band of black raised scales sightly and evenly
curved from base along median line to apex of wing, at base this black band extends
to costa to one eighth ; above this band the ground color is more of a pearly white,
and forms a distinct whitish streak ; on costa at inner third is a short line of black
and at outer third a longer line of black, the latter broadening at outer end into
a triangular patch almost reaching median band. Four almost evenly spaced dots
of black raised scales parallel to and about midway between median bands and
inner margin, a fifth dot vertically above the outer on the costal edge of the median
band. Three other dots in a line along outer margin ; all of the dots are of black
raised scales bordered by one or two white scales. Cilia at apex and outer margin
mottled with dark brown, at inner margin pale gray. Under side brownish-gray,
darker along costa and at apex. Hind wing : upper and under sides pale gray.
Abdomen creamy white, darker beneath. Legs creamy white, streaked and spotted
with reddish-black, the latter color predominating on first pair, only the incisions are
white. Alar expanse 9.5 mm.

Thirteen bred specimens on Ju/iipe/'us comnii/nis Linn., Essex Co.,
N. J.

TypeU. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6965. Cotypes, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
and collection Kearfott.

La>~va. — Slender, cylindrical, slightly and evenly tapering to each end, 5-6
mm. long, 9 mm. extended. Width widest part 1.3 mm. Width head .55 mm.
Head high or long, slightly flattened on face, slightly bilobed at top, lobes
small and rather acutely rounded. Clypeus triangular, to within one third of vertex,
narrow. Color, head light brown, mouth parts darker, ocelli black, antenna; very
short. Prothoracic shield concolorous with head, size moderate, to subdorsal line.
Thoracic legs light greenish-brown, abdominal legs normal, hooks yellow in com-
plete crochets. Skin pale dull green, tinged with dull pink laterally on dorsum
and on posterior edges each segment, and a double pink line across the anterior edge
of each abdominal segment. The pink shading is concentrated into oblique dashes
behind and below the spiracles. Ventral surface paler green. Tubercular plates in-
conspicuous, setae weak and short.

Pupa. — From empty pupal skins. Length 3.S mm. Slender, slightly flattened
tapering evenly to end of anal segment, which is rounded smoothly with no trace of
a cremaster, armed with a dozen or more very short fine hairs, with small recurved
hooks on their tip ends, on dorsal and ventral surfaces, principally on former ; later-

158 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

ally on each abdominal segment is a minute spur and minute stiff hair, to assist pupa
to make its way to hole prepared for emergence of moth. Wing cases half way
overlap sixth abdominal segment, labial palpi, half length of wing covers, are slen-
der, very slightly enlarged at one third. 1 do not recognize any indentation or marks
indicating maxillary palpi. Dehiscence : labial palpi separated on both sides for
its entire length except lower end, from the prothoracic feet, the antennal cases are
laid between the metathoracic feet and wing covers. To the labial palpi are attached
the labrum, clypeus, a small part of the vertex of head and inner half of eye cap.
Apparently segments six and seven are free.

A new hymenopterous parasite was bred from this species, described in this
number of the Journal (p. 144) as Orgilus kearfotti K'aa.va.

Gnorimoschema busckiella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Figs. 7 and 8.

Head : cream white, loosely appressed scales, irrorated with bronze- brown.
Palpi : long, drooping, curved, twice length of head, upper, inner surface of sec-
ond joint and basal half of third joint same as head, outer and under side the
brown predominates, with a few specks of white ; apical half of third joint, brown
predominates, same as under side. Second joint tufted on under side, outer edge
dentate, apical joint half length second, slender, slightly rough beneath, pointed.
Antennce two thirds length of forewing, basal joint slightly larger than next,
bronze-brown speckled with white, outer joints alternate rings of bronze-brown and
white. Thorax and fore wings bronze-brown, irrorated with white, the basal half of
each scale is white, outer and overlapping half bronze-brown, the white irrorations
are caused by the brown not entirely covering the basal white. This arrangement of
scales is uniformly distributed over the wing, except on the costal margin outer
quarter and outer margin, where on account of the greater length of the scales, more
white is exposed and the colors are almost equal. On the outer margin the same
coloration extends half way out on the cilia. Underside dull brown, with a very faint
wave-like whitish irroration, more distinct at apex. Hind-wing : both upper- and
underside and cilia fuscous. Abdomen : bronze-brown, irrorated with whitish-brown
at incisions on upper side, and over entire under surface, tufts of whitish-brown scales
along each side. Legs : same ground color, with small specks of whitish -brown, with
an almost white annulation at each incision. Average alar expanse 16 to 19 mm.,
one specimen only 1 1 mm.

Fifty-five specimens bred from larvae forming a peculiar gall on
the lateral shoots of Aster patens Ait., from Caldwell, N. J., issued
during October. Type U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6818, and Cotypes
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Acad. Nat. Sci., British Museum and collection
Kearfott.

Larva. — Cylindrical, robust, tapering only at extreme ends, length 10 mm.,
width abdominal segments 2 mm., width head .8 mm. Head small, rounded, bilobed,
color dark brown, paler on front of lobes, clypeus narrow, evenly triangular, reach-
ing to apex ; paraclypeal pieces dark brown ; ocelli black, antenna; moderate, basal
segment whitish. Prothoracic shield a darker shade of yellow than skin, triangular,
bisected by paler dorsal line, anal shield same, very narrow and small, neither chit-

Sept., igo3.] KeARFOTT : NeW AMERICAN TiNEOIDEA. 159

inous. Thoracic feet concolorous, a small triangular brown spot cephalad and ventrad
to each. Abdominal feet normal, small crochets of hooks complete, in minute circles.
Skin uniformly pale yellow, dorsal line and anal segments smoky yellow, from
food visible through clear skin. Spiracles minute, concolorous. Tubercular plates
obsolete, tubercles very minute, setce short and very minute, pale yellow.

Pupa. — From empty pupal skin : length 7 to 8 mm., width 1.8 mm. to 2 mm.
Shape cylindrical, gradually tapering from thorax to anal segment, emergence
aflfected by a split on dorsal line to and through mesothorax, on ventral surface the
separation occurs on outside edge of one eye piece, and almost an even line to base
of labial palpi, the latter is separated from adjoining tissue but remains attached at base.
Wing cases, antennre, and metathoracic feet extend down to posterior edge of seventh
abdominal segment. Labial palpi to posterior edge of third abdominal segment. Eye-
covers very small, clypeus small, narrow triangular at lower edge where it joins
labrum. I cannot make out a distinct suture defining maxillary palpi. Anal seg-
ment terminates in an obtuse point, no defined cremaster or hooks, both dorsal and
ventral surfaces are evenly smooth, free from deep sutures or hooks and setas are so
short as to be invisible un.der a lens of moderate power.

Late in August, last year, I noticed in a swampy meadow near
Caldwell, N. J., a large proportion of the common late purple aster
(^ Aster patens PsaX..') with their lateral twigs or branches dwarfed in a
peculiar manner (Plate IX, Fig. 18, enlarged), and on investigation
found each of these twigs to contain a lepidopterous pupa.

This year, I have made almost weekly examinations of the plants,
and not until late in July were the larvae found, apparently nearly full
grown as they began pupating the first week in August.

A moth was caught on a warm day late in November, having been
beaten up from its resting place close to or almost on the ground.

Another peculiarity in connection with the life-history of this
species is that it seems to be 'partially dependent upon the habits of
another insect to prepare its habitat. Each of the Aster plants on
which busckiella larvce or pupse were found in the lateral stems, were
tenanted in the main or central stem by a single larva of Tliiodia ra-
diatana \Msm., a large Tortricid. This larva makes a long burrow or
excavation, three or four inches long, open at the top, destroying the
central bud ; thus the plant, pruned at the top, immediately starts a
vigorous growth of laterals. On some plants as many as a dozen were
found, each tenanted by busckiella. The Tortricid larva remains in
the stem throughout the winter, deserting it late in March or early
April and pupates on the ground, in a closely spun brown cocoon
among the dried grass, leaves, etc.

The life cycle of busckiella then appears to be : Hibernation in the
perfect state, eggs laid during June, after radiatana has dwarfed the

160 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

plant and thereby started many tender lateral twigs, larvae full grown
and pupated early in August and moths emerging during September
and early October.

The effect produced by the larva of this species on the aster twig,
is to hinder its growth at its outer ends, causing the leaves to be closely
crowded together, and closely massed somewhat like a wide-open cone
of hemlock or spruce. The stem, for about two inches of its outer
length is also swelled to about twice the diameter of the portion of the
stem below the gall. There is no opening at all in this cell, during
the larval period, but just before pupation a hole large enough for
moth to crawl out is cut in the upper portion, but not entirely through.
The thin outer skin is left intact to be broken by the moth. So the
frass cannot be ejected, and as but a thin dark layer is found in the
lower end of the cell, lam inclined to think that the greater part of
the excretion is absorbed in the live and growing tissue of the plant.

I have observed the same state of affairs in the large plum -like
galls on goldenrod of Gnorimoschoiia ga/Iasolida^^inis Riley. The
query arises : Are not the galls produced by the absorption into the
cells of the plant, of this unaccustomed liquid rather than by any
mechanical action caused by the larva eating? It would not be diffi-
cult to learn something more about this, by the use of a hypodermic
syringe, to inject the liquid squeezed from a ^ew pellets of frass into
the soft tissues of various perennial or other plants.

The moth emerges from pupa within the cell, leaving the empty
pupal shell within.

Qnorimoschema artemisiella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 5.

Head, thorax and palpi grayish-white, irrorated with darker scales, face white.
Second joint palpi thickened, outer joint two thirds length of second with a basal
and subapical band of brown scales, patagia terra-cotta. Antennae two thirds length
forewing, basal joint mottled, outer joints annulated light gray and black. Fore-
wing ochreous, pink, or terra-cotta, heavily overlaid with streaks and bands
of mottled gray and black, running parallel to costa. The costa is narrowly
edged with this secondary color, a streak from base along median line curving into
costa at one half; this color also predominates along inner margin. On apical third
the black and gray dots are formed into narrow streaks or dashes radiating to outer
edge and extending over cilia. There are three small black dots of raised scales,
one on costa at inner fourth, one in cell just before outer end and one on median line
beyond cell. There is a considerable degree in variation in different specimens,
some are so heavily overlaid with the secondary color that the ground color is re-
duced to three narrow streaks, one just below costa, one along median line and the
lower one in fold, these only extending to end of cell with just a bare indication of

Sept., iqo3.] Kearfott : New American Tineoidea. 161

the ground color on tlie outer half between the nearly parallel radiating lines of the
secondary color. In other specimens the ground color occupies more than half of
the inner half and extending down to inner margin. Underside fuscous with second-
ary color on apical cilia. Hindwingsl ight gray, cilia fuscous, under side same. Ab-
domen : upper side terra-cotta, but more ochreous than on forewing ; anal segment
grayish-white, underside pearly white, a double row of black dashes on either side
of segments 6 to 9. Legs same color as underside of abdomen, tinged and mottled
with brownish black. Alar expanse 9 to li mm.

Described from twenty-four specimens bred from Artemisia Cana-
densis Michx., received in June, 1902 and 1903, from my friend Mr.
Jos. H. Reading, of Chicago. I also have one specimen of what is no
doubt this same species, collected by Dr. R. E. Kunze, July, 1900,
Pinal Mountains, Arizona; Mr. Busck advises me that in the U. S.
National Museum are specimens of this same species, unnamed, bred
by Miss Murtfeldt on Asteniisia, from St. Louis ; indicating a rather
extensive range. Type U. S. Nat. Mus. , No. 6S16. Cotypes Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., Acad. Nat. Sci., British Museum and collection
Kearfott.

Larz'a. — Cylindrical, slender, tapering evenly from 7 to anal segment, annulate.
Length 8 mm. Width i mm. Head .6 mm. Head small, rounded, slightly bi-
lobed, clypeus evenly triangular, extending nearly to apex. Ocelli black, antennre
minute. Head yellowish-brown, retractile under 2. I'rothoracic shield moderate,
triangular, mottled brown, bisected by paler dorsal line, and an almost black spot
each side of dorsal line on posterior edge. Anal shield pale yellowish-green, small,
shining but not chitinous. Thoracic feet clear yellowish-green, tipped with brown ;
abdominal feet normal, small, circles complete. Skin dull sordid green, not shining.
Tubercular plates not developed, tubercles small black raised points, no other marks
except discoloration from food showing through dorsal area. Setre very weak and
minute.

Pupa. — Length 5 mm., width across thorax 1. 5 mm., very slightly flattened. Sur-
face generally smooth, tapering gradually to blunt point end of anal segment, which is
armed with a radiating zone of very minute stifil hairs before the apex. Vertex of
head and upper part of clypeus full, rounded, and extending up above the eye cases,
latter small, round, prominent and well defined. Beneath the eyes, on each side of
labrum, is a small raised process consisting of a parallel pair of narrow short eleva-
tions, which may indicate the maxillary palpi. Labial palpi broadened out about the
middle of its length and terminates just before the prothoracic feet, about one half
length of wing cases. Latter with antennre cover fifth abdominal segment. Dehis-
cence : Pupal skin is very flimsy and fragile and difficult to rescue without fracture
from its cocoon, but there appears to be one long break on each side of labial palpi,
this organ remains attached at posterior end, and remains united to labrum and clypeus.
The cap on vertex of head and eye covers are entirely separated ; antennal cases re-
main attached to wing covers.

The terminal leaves of this plant resemble a long silvery green

162 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

tassel, composed of a thick mass of velvety needle-like leaves. This
tassel is webbed together by a small green larva, that partially ex-
cavates the tip of the twig and feeds close to the bases of the leaves.

The majority had pupated by the first of July in a tough compact
little cocoon well hidden in the mass ; the first moth issued July 3
and continued until July 17.

Three different species of hymenopterous parasites were bred from
this species, namely, Iseropiis inquisitor '^^d.y, Tenie/iiclia naiiii As\\xn.,
Protapanteles caccecicc Riley.

Anacampsis coverdalella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 13.

Head : closely appressed scales, thorax dark purplish-brown. Palpi same color,
slender, long pointed. Antenna? : basal two fifths same color, outer three fifths
canary yellow, length tour fifths of wing. Front wing : base from costa to inner
margin dark purplish-brown, from base to outer fourth canary yellow, outer fourth
same as base and thorax — both division lines vertical from costa to inner margin,
slightly serrate. The yellow color along costa a shade paler than below median line.
Cilia very short, unicolorous with adjacent portion of wing. Underside brownish
fuscous shading into darker gray fuscous beyond outer third ; a small basal costal
patch of nearly black purple brown. Hind wing fuscous, cilia slightly paler and as
long as breadth of wing ; underside the same. Abdomen : first two abdominal seg-
ments canary yellow, others purplish-brown, same as thorax. Underside fuscous.
Legs fuscous, tarsi and spurs purplish-brown, nearly black. Alar expanse 1 1. 5 mm.

Specimens collected by George Coverdale, Natchitoches Parish,
La., after whom I take pleasure in naming this distinctively marked
species. TypeU. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6967. Cotype collection Kearfott.

Epimenia cicutaella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Figs. 12, 15 and 16.

Head : closely appressed scales, fuscous, each scale tipped with a minute dot of
brown — making a finely speckled appearance. Thorax and patagia the same, but
the latter a darker fuscous. Labial palpi long, recurved, apical joint about half second,
thickened with loose scales, rather obtuse ; yellowish fuscous inside, lower edge
tipped with dark brown ; outside same but much darker, apical joint dark brown, with
minute yellowish specks. A narrow ring of yellow on middle joint at outer end.
Antennas about three quarter length forewing, basal joints slightly enlarged, dark
brown, outer joints ringed with brown and pale gray. Forewing creamy white,
irrorated with brown and black dots. The brown color is massed into a smoky
brown shade on and parallel to costa beginning just before half and extending to
outer two thirds, the shade is darkest brown along median line, its inner edge extends
obliquely to inner margin and is there accentuated by largest dentate pencil of scales
referred to below ; the lower edge of shade is sharply defined by paler ground color,
just below median line, somewhat reniform, with inner lobe twice length of outer.
Beyond this in apical third along median line is another smoky brown shade longer
than wide, and a very small one just beyond base on median line. At base of wing is

Sept., 1903.] Kearfott : New American Tineoidea. 163

a short median dash of black. The costa is also marked with about eight small
clusters of black scales irregularly spaced. The inner margin is strongly dentate by
four clusters of long scales, whitish at base and tipped with black; the largest cluster
at inner third, the outer three evenly spaced within the middle third ; a small black
spot between two brown shades, on median line at outer two thirds and another black
spot on outer margin just below apex. Cilia pale fuscous, more than the width of
wing, on outer margin long wing scales project into cilia forming a smoky line bounded
inwardly by ground color and outwardly by pale fuscous and extreme edge beyond
that smoky fuscous, at apex the cilia is uniformly dark, forming a hook-like termi-
nation to wing. Underside dull fuscous. Mindwing, upper- and underside bright
silvery fuscous. Cilia very long, three to four times wings' width. Abdomen and
legs fuscous, latter banded with very dark brown. Alar expanse 13 to 14.5 mm.

Forty specimens bred from larvas on flower heads of Cicuta
inaculata Linn., water hemlock, Essex County, N. J. Type U. S.
Nat. Mus., No. 6815. Cotypes Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Acad. Nat.
Sci., British Museum and collection Kearfott.

Zrtrjw.— Mature 6.5 mm., robust, cylindrical, slightly tapering, width I mm.
Width head .6 mm. Head very pale brown, clypeus evenly triangular, reaching
nearly to vertex ; slightly bilobed, lobes full and rounded. Mouth parts dark
brown, antennae moderate, pale green, except outer joint brown. Ocelli on black
field. Prothoracic shield, all of dorsal region, bisected by a narrow yellowish line,
same color as tubercular plates. Anal shield small, narrow, not chitinous. Thoracic
feet black, greenish-yellow at articulations. Abdominal feet normal, hooks very dark
brown in complete circles, not open. Skin creamy white, broad subdorsal band of
a smoky brown or pale grjyish-brown from segment 3 to anal segment, involving
tubercles i and ii. These bands are continuous from 5, and on 3 and 4 are inter-
rupted between tubercular plates. The latter on thorax and abdomen are large and
same color as subdorsal bands, but a shade darker. Tubercles i and ii normal, iii
dorsad and cephalad to spiracle iv 4- v. On thorax ia -I- ib, iia -f- iib, iv -|- v.
Setae moderate, very dark nearly black. Spiracles small, round, very dark brown.

/'?</«. —Nearly cylindrical to ends of wing cases, then evenly tapering to apex.
Length 5 to 6 mm. ; diameter i mm. Cremaster long, narrow, armed with about a
dozen short hairs, each terminating in a strong recurved hook, all pointing backwards.
Vertex of head full, rounded, smooth, and much paler in color than balance of
pupa, eye cases small, rounded, labrum small, labial palpi widens to double width of
labrum at one third below it, and extends down two thirds length of wing-covers.
Antenn;v and wing cases cover seventh abdominal segment, organs on frontal piece
well defined, sutures deep. A lateral spine on abdominal segments 4 to 7. Color of
pupa, except vertex of head, very dark brown, nearly black on dorsum. Dehiscence :
A long separation between antennal cases and labial palpi, on each side of latter and
extending two thirds their length ; labrum and clypeal piece remain attached to
labial palpi ; half of eye cap attached to wing cover. Antennae remain cemented
to wing covers on lateral edges.

Miss Murtfeldt* described an Ephnenia which she bred from
*Can. Ent., XXXII, 162, 1900.

164 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Pimpinella intege?-rima Linn., a plant closely allied to Ciciita ; I have
compared my species with specimens of Pimpitiella Murtf. , in the
U. S. National Museum and there is no doubt they are distinct.

The food-habits are also different. My species lives on the flower
heads of Cicuta maculata Linn., and when the seeds are formed it
excavates their contents (Plate IX, Fig. i6, enlarged). In fact the
majority of larvae found are more than half buried in a seed. Al-
though carefully examined a number of times before the seeds formed,
I was unable to find any indication on the leaves that the larvae had
at any time mined them. When ready to pupate the larva makes
brown silk open-mesh cocoon, invariably spun either on the upper or
under side of the seed heads, between the radiating stems on which
the seeds are borne.

My species is very similar to but quite distinct from the European
E. chcerophyllella Gz.*

Larvae mature and begin pupating first week of August. ]\Ioths
emerge August 18 to 27.

The discovery of this species was rather an accident. An unusual
looking insect on the flower head of Ciada caught my eye whilst
looking carelessly at the plant ; close examination showed it to be a
moth just out of the pupa, with wings as tiny pads ; it was bottled
and allowed to develop and dry and a careful search made for other
specimens, which were soon found in considerable numbers, but all
on that date, August 20, as pupas. The larvae were not turned up
until nearly a year later.

One parasite was bred from this species, Iseropus iuquistor Say.

Epimenia ramapoella, sp. nov. Plate IX, Fig. 4.

Head, palpi, thorax, patagia, abdomen and front wings pale creamy brown faintly
tinged with red, and irrorated with very minute dots of fuscous. Front wings : Three
small black dots along median line, one at inner third, one at half and one at outer
third ; two small dots of black on costa just before apex. Irregularly dentate along
middle third of inner margin, defined by two clusters of longer scales, all tipped
with black. At base of wing and along inner margin before anal angle ground color
is less creamy brown and more whitish-gray, while on apical third the brown scales
are closer together, becoming intensely brown at apex. Cilia shining brown, shading
into dark fuscous at apex, length not quite width of wing. Hind wing gray, cilia
same as front wing and about twice width of wing. Underside both wings and
cilia shining brown. Underside abdomen dark brown, except outer edges each seg-
ment light brown. Legs same as general ground color, a shade paler at joints.
Alar expanse 14 to 16 mm.

*Meyrich, Handbook Br. Lep., p. 691.

Sept., 1903.] Kearfott : New American Tineoidea. 165

Described from five specimens, all taken at Ramapo, N. Y., May 27,
1900, on a steep mountain side, in dense woods. The moths seemed
fairly abundant flying up from the shrubbery as it was disturbed, or
from one tree trunk to another. A much larger series could easily
ha\e been taken, but on this particular date the woods were almost
uninhabitable from the myriads of very small hymenopterous? insects,
which gathered in clouds about one's head and required constant
slapping of neck, face and hands.

Type U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 6966. Cotypes Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
and collection Kearfott.

MONTCLAIR, N. J.,

August, 1903.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L\.

Fig. I. ZeUeria celaslriisella Kearfott.

Fig. 2. Kecin~varia obliquistrigella Chambers.

Fig. 3. Recurvaria juniperella Kearfott.

Fig. 4. Epimenia ramapoella Kearfott.

Fig. 5. Gnoritnoschema artemisiella Kearfott.

Fig. 6. Crambtis vachellellus Kearfott.

Fig. 7- Gnoriinoscheina busckiella Kearfott.

Fig. 8. Recurvaria thujaella Kearfott.

Fig. 9. Recitrvaria fitceael/a, var. m\'^ra Kearfott.

Fig. 10. Recwvaria piceaella Kearfott.

Fig. II. Symphysa adelalis Yiea.rioii.

Fig. 12. Epimenia cicutaella Kearfott.

Fig. 13. Anacampsis coverdalella Kearfott.

Fig. 14. Thattmaiopsis liaeckel/us Kearfott.

Fig. 15. Epimenia cicutaella Kearfott, dorsal view.

Fig. 1 6. Seed of Cictita maculata Linn., excavated by larva of Epimenia cicu-
taella (enlarged).

Fig. 17. Mine of Recurvaria juniperella (enlarged) on Juniperus communis
Linn.

Fig. iS. Section of gall on Aster patens Ait., caused by larva of Gnori mo-
schema busckiella (enlarged).

Fig. 19. Mines of Recurvaria piceaella, in needles of Picea mariana Mill,
(enlarged).

Fig. 20. Case of Symphysa adelalis on lichen (enlarged).

Fig. 21. Mine of Recurvaria thujaella on Thuja occidentalis Linn, (enlarged.)

166 Journal New York Entomological Society. lvoi. xl

BRIEF NOTES TOWARD THE LIFE HISTORY OF

PELOCORIS FEMORATA Pal. B. WITH A

FE^V REMARKS ON HABITS.

By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno.

The aquatic Rhynchota present an attractive and fallow field to the
entomologist, and afford him an opportunity to tread in ways never
before explored. Of all the faunas, that of Europe is compara-
tively best known and most studied ; yet even in that, although classi-
fication, the skeleton of the science, is more advanced than with us
in the United States, but little is known of the life-histories of even
the commonest species, beyond, perhaps, a description of the ovum ;
or a surmise as to the number of instars, deduced from analogy ; or,
again, a description of one or two nymphal stages. The greater part
of this work, as I have noted elsewhere, refers principally to Not'o-
necta and Corixa. To this scanty store of information it is now my
privilege to add these notes on Pelocoris in the hope that they will fill
up a gap in our knowledge of American insects.

Pelocoris fcmorata Pal. B. is to be found, according to Professor
Uhler's "Check List," in the United States. However, no mention
is made of the insect in the local lists of Osborn, Gillette and Baker,
or Van Duzee. Professor Smith, on the other hand, mentions it in his
New Jersey List and Lugger in his " Bugs of Minnesota," while Uhler
gives it as found in California in his paper on "The Hemiptera of
Lower California. " In this vicinity, I have found it al)undant, and
my collection contains one specimen each from Rhode Island, Penn-
sylvania and Maryland. Uhler, in the second paper mentioned, states
that it is widely distributed in the United States.

Wherever I have found it I have taken it in large numbers. Pelo-
coris is a vigorous swimmer. In the spring of the year the bugs
may be seen freely swimming among the growing aquatic vegetation.
When alarmed, they hide in the soft ooze at the bottom or among the
weeds, getting close in to the axils of the leaves. Occasionally, they
may be seen in the hollows of lily-pads, apj)arently sleeping in the sun.
I have taken the bug in this condition, quite dry and seemingly tor])id.
At times they come to the surface, where they hang abdomen or dor-
sum up, indifferently, the tip of the abdomen breaking the surface

Sept.,i903.] BuENO : Life-History of Pelocoris Femorata. 167

film. 'I'his is done, as is usual with the atjuatic Heniijjtera, for the pur-
pose of renewing the air coating the abdomen and stored under the
hemelytra. In renewing its supply of air, Pe/oc-or/s sometimes appears
to protrude the terminal abdominal segments to break through the sur-
face. It also separates the tip of the abdomen and the hemelytra in
such a manner that a comparatively large aperture is formed at the sur-
face. While under water the insect may be seen to pass its swimming
legs through the abdominal air-coating a few times every now and then,
somewhat as does Corixa and possibly for the same purpose of renew-
ing the oxygen. Some of the individuals from which I have made these
notes, when taken, had a fungoid growth on the hemelytra and thorax.
This, however, does not seem to be in any way injurious. I have one
individual in this condition in my aciuarium, where it has been for the
last four months. When in captivity, I have fed them on flies, one
apiece every day, which appears to have been enough. Sometimes
three or four will fasten on one insect, feeding together very amicably.
Pelocoris is fiercely predaceous, and its salivary secretion must be
highly toxic. In a thoughtless moment, I put a Bclostoma {ZaitJia)
nymph in the a([uarium with these insects. It was no sooner in the
water than it was .seized, and although I forcibly rescued it immedi-
ately, it died in about a minute.

According to De Geer, the lOuropean Ilyocoris (^Nai/coris) cimicoi-
des Linne, flies by night, and it may safely be assumed that our Pelo-
coris does the same, although I have never seen it. At any rate, its
wings are well developed and apparently powerful.

In common with EelostomidK, Nepidi^i and Corixidae, Pelocoris is
at times found with water mites fastened to it, especially under the
hemelytra, or at the suture dividing the thorax and i)rothorax. *

Pelocoris foiiorata overwinters in the adult form, and survives till
the following autumn. Oviposition begins in the spring, just how
early I am unable to say, and continues at least till the middle of
summer, when the insect begins to come to maturity. I have taken

* I have very rarely found this to be the case with Notonecta, although I have
taken Notonecta irrorata Uhl. with mites under the wings. In general, the water-
bugs are attacked in about this order : Nepida; , Belostomidje, Corixida-, Naucoridce
and NotonectidcT?, the last named being the least susceptible. Yrom the facts that
this is ^Iso the order of their activity ; that Ranatra, a most sluggish insect, is the
most heavily parasitized ; and that A^otonecta, which is constantly on the move, the
least, it seems fair to infer that the water mite selects for its attacks those msects that
disturb it least.

168 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

ova as early as May i6, and found the recently transformed adults on
August 1 6, giving a period of development of over 12 weeks.
However, as the ova and adults were found in different localities, this
may explain the discrepancy, as the period in question has not been
borne out by aquarium experiments, which gave about 77 days for
development from the ovum to the adult. There are five nymphal
instars which, with the embryonic stage and the adult, gives seven
stages of growth altogether, as shown by aquarium breeding. The
number of instars also holds good in nature. On the same day and at
the same place, I have taken Pelocoris in all stages, except the ovum
and the first nymphal instar.

The following life-history has been worked out by me in my aqua-
ria, and is subject to revision, be-
cause of the small number of in-
dividuals observed. The young
Pelocoris were fed on flies, on
which they throve.

On June 6 of this year (1903),
I took a number of overwintering
Pelocoris, which I put in an aqua-
rium on the following day. On
looking at them a day or two
later, I noticed that the water-
plant in the aquarium had some ova on it. I removed the.se on the
8th, and did the same on the 9th, setting apart the two lots, 73 ova
in all, for observation.

Color. — Translucent pearly white when deposited, growing darker as develop-
ment progresses. Markings : Surface minutely punctulated in lines, punctures set
close together, giving the appearance of meandering striations. As the time for
emergence approaches the character of the markings changes. The chorion is still
punctulated, but at the same time engraved in distinct hexagons produced by the
punctulations. Shape : From above, imperfectly oval ; from side, somewhat flat-
tened above, with a gradual rise toward the middle. The cephalic end is more
rounded than the caudal, descending to the line of attachment with a shorter curve.
This curve is somewhat depressed at the extremity of the ovum, from which depres
sion arises the micropylar boss. (See Figs. I and 2.) The form changes during
incubation and just previous to emergence the ovum is larger and rounder than when
first deposited. Size : Longitude, 1.4 mm. ; latitude, .6 mm. ; altitude, .7 mm.

While I have not been so fortunate as to witness oviposition by
this insect, M. Regimbart, in his classic paper on " Observations sur la

Sept., 1903.] BuENo : Life-History of Pelocoris Fkmorata. KID

Ponte du Dxtiscus inaririiia/is et queU[ues autres Insectes aciuati(iues,"
read December 9, 1874, before the Societe Entomologique de France,
describes the act in Ilyocoris cimicoides, in connection with the same
function in Notonecta glaiua. His description follows :

"These insects {^Ilyocoris ciniicoides and jYotonerfa glauca) attach themselves
firmly by means of their anterior and intermediate pedes to the stems of plants, hold-
ing the head high in the same way as Dytiscus, making peculiar motions with the
swimming legs ; the rostrum is sunk deeply into the plant for support, and an incision
is made with the ovipositor. The motion of this apparatus, which is more compli-
cated than that o{ Dytiscus, can scarcely be properly examined, as little can be gath-
ered from the outside ; it can be guessed at from the abdominal movements from front
to back and from back to front. The incision calls for about one minute's labor on
the part of these insects ; it is not ver}' deep, only about 2 or 3 mm. long, and the
ovum is only about three fourths of its length enclosed by it, being set obliquely, so
that one of its ends is nearly quite out. It should be noted that the free portion cor-
responds to the cephalic extremity of the embryo."

It may be assumed, in default of direct obser\ation on Pelocoris,
that the mechanism of oviposition is substantially as described, and it
is to be hoped that some observer may be so fortunate as to be able to
describe the process in detail. However, as regards the attachment of
the ovum, Pelocoris femorata seems to differ from Ilyocoris cimicoides,
as far as my observation has gone. Out of about 100 ova examined
by me, some found in natural conditions, others deposited in aijuaria,
none has been met buried in the plant tissue to any extent. The ma-
jority have been found attached axially to the stems or leaves of Cerato-
phyllum, and secured to them by a glue in which the ovum is set and
which surrounds the slender stem or leaf to a variable extent. The
adhesion is not very firm, however, and the ova are readily detached. -

As development advances, the eyes begin to show at the micro-
pylar extremity of the ovum as two little red lines which grow plainer
day by day. The embryonic stage lasts from 22 to 27 days, the
greater number (over two thirds of the ova I bred) emerging on the
twenty-fourth day.

First Nvmph.-vl Ixstar.

Immediately after emerging from the ovum, the nymph is transpar-
ent, white and colorless, except that each abdominal segment has a
broad dark luteous band at the connexivum. Also, the eyes are red
and well-marked. The tarsal claws of the second and third pairs of
pedes are dark and noticeable. The single claws of the first i)air are
colorless and transparent. The short rostrum is transparent pale lute-

170 Journal New York Entomological Society. [v<.i. xi.

ous, darker at the tip. A seta issues from the posterior angle of each
abdominal segment, at the connexivum, on the dorsal surface. About
eight hours after emergence the insect is much darker in color.

In shape the young Pelocoris resembles nothing so much as the
suctorial midnight prowler, at a superficial glance. Carefully ex-
amined, however, it is seen to resemble closely the adult in shape, allow-
ing for the difference in size and absence of wings.

When recently hatched its abdominal air coating is absent, and
the young insect finds it difficult to reach the surface, which it suc-
ceeds in doing only by vigorous swimming. If it relaxes its efforts, it
immediately sinks to the bottom. Pelocoris swims back down when
in this condition.

When still uncolored, the dorsal vessel can be plainly seen pulsat-
ing and the oily globules of the unabsorbed yolk moving in the ab-
dominal cavity. Size: Longitude, 2.5 mm.; latitude, 1.5 mm.

Out of a large number of individuals obtained from ova, only five
reached the second instar, one in ten days after emergence, three in
eight days and one in seven. This would give an average period of
eight days for the first instar.

Second Nymphal Instar.

The appearance after the molt is practically the same as after emer-
gence from the ovum, except that there is a dark, somewhat triangular
shaped blotch extending from the caudad margin of the thorax to the
fourth abdominal segment, apparently produced by the abdominal con-
tents. The pulsations of the dorsal vessel can also be seen in this in-
star under the same conditions as before, save that the yolk is, of
course, totally gone. Size: Longitude, 3.25 mm.; latitude, 2 mm.

Three alone survived till the second moult, two making the ecdysis
in nine days and one in six. It may safely be assumed that the longer
period is nearer the average, since the more rapid molt occurred in
very hot weather.

Third Nymphal Instar.

The preceding description applies to this etjually well. Size : Lon-
gitude, 4.8 mm.; latitude, 3 mm.

The succeeding observations have been made on the two survivors,
which I safely carried through to maturity. However, 1 did not ex-
amine these at all closely for fear of losing them, so my notes on the

Sept., 1903] BuKNO : LiFE-HisroRY OF Pelocoris Femorata. 171

remaining instars are rather scanty. 'J'hese two individuals molted for
the third time eight days after the second ecdysis.

Fourth Nv.mphal Instar.

Coloration and other peculiarities slightly more accentuated than in
the preceding instars. Size: Longitude 6.5 mm.; latitude 4.2 mm.

I may here state that just previous to a molt, the insect is very thick
through, especially so in this and the succeeding instars, and looks fit
to l)urst out of its skin, as it does.

These two individuals were brought without accident to the fourth
molt, one in ten and the other in twelve days. I am inclined to the
belief that the former is more likely to be the average period.

P'iFTH Nvmphal Instar.

In this instar Pelocoris is much more opacjue, though still whitish,
immediately after the ecdysis. The wing pads appear in this instar.
Size: Longitude, 8.3 mm.; latitude, 5.5 mm. The difference in size
between this and the preceding instar is so great that, unless bred, one
might be led to the belief that there was still another stage between the
two.

The two insects arrived at the fifth and last moult in sixteen days,
which taken in conjunction with the fact that an individual caught in
this stage did not reach the adult condition till eleven days after cap-
ture, would seem to denote that it is practically the normal period.

I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity of observing the last
moult in Pelocoris, which I will now describe from my notes taken
during the process of the ecdysis.

The bug hangs from the surface, back up. The outer skin then
splits along the thorax, and the scutellum of the emerging insect is
seen. The opening enlarges as the insect gives rhythmical convulsive
heaves. First the entire thorax comes out ; then, with a jerk, the
head. It now rests a moment and in a short space again takes up its
motion, withdrawing the body little by little from the cast-off skin.
The dorsum, as yet uncovered by the still imexpanded alae and heme-
lytra, has a coat of air. The wings and hemelytra expand as the insect
emerges, so that by the time it is entirely out they are fully developed,
completely concealing the dorsum abdominis. It takes the insect
about ten minutes to go through this final transformation. When it is
entirely free, it turns quickly and hangs back down from the air-

172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

filled and buoyant cast skin for a moment, until the wings are perfectly
expanded. Then it begins to swim about quite rapidly, coming to
rest once more, seemingly requiring something to hang to. There
appears to be an undue amount of air under the insect's wings while
it is in this condition, and it remains back up while swimming. The
tracheal lining may be seen as Pelocoris emerges, connecting the
sternum with the cast skin.

Pelocoris, immediately after the last ecdysis, is entirely of a beauti-
ful light green like aquamarine, including the hemelytra and the limbs
excepting the tibiae, which are dark from the swimming hairs. The
eyes are a dark ruby-red. The insect gradually grows darker, and
about four hours after the change it is a mottled dark green. The full
mature coloration is reached in about i 2 hours.

Pelocoris femorata, therefore, as has been shown, has seven instars,
namely : one embryonic, five nymphal and one adult. The embry-
onic stage lasts about 24 days; the first nymphal instar, about eight;
the second, about nine ; the third, about eight, the fourth, about
twelve ; and the fifth and last about 16 days. The adult overwinters
and begins to breed in the spring, oviposition taking place earlier or
later in the season, according to the temperature ; and the life-cycle
is completed about the beginning of }v\y or later, governed by cir-
cumstances. The adult may, under favorable conditions, live for over
a year, and oviposition seems to be continuous during the summer,
giving a number of overlapping broods from overwintering adults.

The last conclusion is borne out by the fact that on the same day
and at the same place, as previously stated, I have taken Pelocoris in
the second to the fifth nymphal instars. The measurements of these in
conjunction with those taken from my bred specimens, give ranges in
size as follows, for the instars observed. All measurements are from
the living or freshly killed insect.

2cl Instar,

Long.,

3-25

mm.

(bred)

3.6 mm.

(wild).

Lat.,

2

mm.

"

2.3 mm.

"

3d Instar,

Long.,

4.8

mm.

"

5 mm.

(wild).

Lat.,

3

mm.

"

3. 1 mm.

"

4th Instar,

Long.,

6.4

mm.

(wild)

6.5 mm.

(bred and wild).

Lat.,

4

mm.

"

4.3 mm.

(wild).

5th Instar,

Long.,

7-9

mm.

"

9.2 mm.

" (8.3 mm. bred)

Lat.,

5-1

mm.

"

6 mm.

" (5 mm. "

Adult,

Long.,

8.6-10 mm.

"

Lat.,

6 -7

mm.

"

Sept., 1903.1 Proceedings of the Society. 178

In conclusion, I wish to say in extenuation of the many shortcom-
ings and omissions in my endeavor to cast some light in obscure
places, that in this work there are no guides. None have blazed a
way which one may follow. And if I have erred, it is the school
where the explorer learns, thot later he or another may avoid the same
pitfall.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Mf.etinc; ok April 7.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Tuesday evening, April 7,
at 8 o'clock. The President and Secretary being absent the Vice-President, Mr.
Leng, presided and Mr. Charles Myers was elected Secretary pro tern.

The following members were present : Messrs. Billings, Brues, Davis, Joutel,
Leng, Myers, O'Connor, Palm, Southwick, Bueno, Watson, Weeks and two visitors,
Miss Billings and Mr. Raymond Osborn. Reading of the minutes of the previous
meeting was necessarily omitted.

Mr. Davis of the Field Committee reported that cards had been mailed to mem-
bers calling for an outing to Fort Lee, Sunday, April 19.

Mr. O' Connor proposed Mr. Morgan Hebard, of Chestnijt Hill, Philadelphia, as
an active member of the Society.

A communication from the New Era Printing Company regarding the entry of
the Journal as second class mail matter was referred to the Publication Committee.
Also a communication was read from Mr. Schaeffer, referring to the fact that he would
be out of the city for some time and Mr. Joutel was elected to fill the position of
Librarian during Mr. Schaeffer' s absence.

Mr. Davis then presented a few remarks on the subject of "A New Cricket
{Apithes agitator Uhler) from the vicinity of New York."

He stated that this cricket was described in 1864 by Uhler who wrote of it as
follows : " It inhabits grape vines and dense shrubbery near Baltimore and is found
fully developed about the middle of September."

In the "Insects of New Jersey" it is recorded from Anglesea and Bay Side,
both in Cape May County. In these localities it was found in September. In
Scudder's Catalogue of the Orthoptera of the United States its habitat is given as
" Southern U. S. east of the Great Plains." On the 21st of last September a single
female of this species was found at Ward's Point, Tottenville, Staten Island, which is
the most northern locality so far reported.

Mr. Joutel gave some notes on the " Food Habits of Goes pitlverulcnta.'" He
stated that his experience in breeding this species showed the small value of negative
evidence in that although he had always looked for the insect in beech, its recorded
food plant, he had only found it in iron- wood (blue beech) and so thought there
might have been an error in the determination of the food plant ; since then, however,
he has been informed by Mr. Laurent, of Philadelphia, that he had bred it from

174 JoTjRNAL New York Entomological Society, [Voi. xi.

beech and showed bim some examples of the work and also the insects. Also Mr.
Blanchard had informed him that he had found it in Elm at Tyngsboro, Mass. Mr.
Joutel stated also that he had found it last season in the scrub-oaks at Lakehurst,
New Jersey, in stems from one inch to one and a half inches in diameter and that
the work of the larvje was quite distinct in the several food plants. In the beech it
generally started at the crotch of the branches, in iron-wood in the trunk of trees
ranging from three inches to six or seven inches in diameter, and in the dwarf-oak as
stated above.

The Vice-President asked Mr. Raymond Osborn of Columbia University to
address a few words to the members.

In response Mr. Osborn gave quite an interesting account of his collection of
Serpent Flies, particularly about the distribution of forms found on Vancouver
Island and stated also that some were found on glaciers in British Columbia. He
had found a number of new species. He also spoke of the dragonflies of British
Columbia, of which he has a large collection. In that region he found them par-
ticularly abundant, sometimes sitting on a telegraph wire all in a row like so many
sparrows.

Mr. Bueno made some remarks on the hibernating position of I'esfa maculata
found at Fort Lee, N. J. , which he exhibited to the members.

Mr. Leng showed specimens of the genera Adalia and Coccinella of the family Coc-
cinelidse and spoke of the variations in the markings in connection with the geograph-
ical distribution of the species. Some of the species are remarkably constant in the
maculation while other species are equally inconstant.

Mr. Leng also called attention to the recently published " Briefe eines reisenden
Entomologen," by Dr. Walther Horn (Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1902,
Heft 2), containing descriptions of American Cicindelidas and complimentary allusions
to the New York Entomological Society. A review of the "Briefe" will be pub-
lished in Journal.

On account of Mr. Barber's absence his paper on a rare beetle from Mt.

Katahdin was postponed.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of April 21.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Tuesday evening, April 21,
^at 8 oclock.

President C. F. Groth presided with the following members in attendance :
Messrs. Barber, Brues, Davis, Holmes, Joutel, Leng, Love, Myers, Bueno, Watson
and Zabriskie.

The minutes of the two previous meetings were read and approved.

A communication from Mr. Beutenmiiller was read in reference to the entry of
the Journal as second class mail matter.

The secretary was instructed to call the attention of the publication committee to
the fact that the number of Journal published should be limited to 325, according
to a former action of the Society ; also that occasional reports of the actions of the
publication committee should be transmitted to the Society.

Moved by Mr. Bueno and seconded that the several letters received by Mr.
Joutel from the New Era Printing Company in reference to the entry of the Journal
to be transcribed and sent to the publication committee. Carried.

Sept., 1903.] Proceedings of the Society. 175

Mr. Davis, of the field committee, announced that the next field meeting would
be held Sunday, May 3, near Patterson, N. J., with Mr. Hennan Erb as guide.

Also the third outing of the season would take place at Mosholu, Sunday, May 17.

Mr. Morgan Hebard, of Philadelphia, Pa., was elected an active member of the
Society.

Mr. Joutel stated that he had been requested by the Brooklyn Entomological So-
ciety to determine whether or not the New York Entomological Society would be
willing to print its proceedings in our JoURNAl,.

On motion of Mr. Eeng the society voted to allow two pages of each issue of the
Journal for printing the proceedings of the Brooklyn society. Mr. C. T. Brues then
gave a talk on "Ant and Termite-guests,'" illustrated by lantern slides. The ex-
amples mentioned were drawn, some from previous accounts of other authors, and
others from the speaker's personal experience in collecting these insects in Texas.
He said that at the present time there had been described over 2,000 species of
Arthropods which live occasionally or regularly in ant and termite nests.

Of these Coleoptera and especially Staphylinidiv are the most numerous, although
insects of all orders are represented. In all of them there is a tendency to produce
strange and remarkable forms and to develop structures suited to their rather pre-
carious existence. This could be well seen in the Dipterous family Phoridre, which
contains some of the most peculiar of all myrmecophiles. lie spoke of the habits of
a large number of the insects thrown upon the screen, roughly classifying them into
welcome, indifferent and dangerous guests, although such a classification is useful
only as a convenience. In regard to termitophiles he spoke of the physogastric or
swollen condition of the abdomen which is characteristic of all true termite-guests
and attributed it to the way in which they were stuffed with food by the white ants.
In conclusion the speaker showed a picture of Termitoxenia Wasm., which he re-
garded as one of the most remarkably specialized insects ever described.

Mr. Leng inquired if Cremastochilns was milked by the ants. Mr. Brues replied
that it was.

Mr. Joutel asked if the habits of the Staphylinidce which lived with the queen
termite had been worked out. Mr. Brues stated that he thought their habits were
not known.

Mr. Leng also inquired if it was thought that these myrmecophilous beetles acted
as scavengers. Mr. Brues replied that generally the ants were very particular to keep
their nests clean themselves although some of the staphylinids were very fond of any
grease which they could find on the walls of the nests.

Mr. Barber then spoke concerning the rare beetle Miicodera arctica Payk., which
he had collected last summer near the base of Mt. Katahdin in Maine at an elevation
of 3,000 feet. One specimen was taken under a stone. Mr. C. Schaeffer had deter-
mined the specimen for him. Mr. Samuel Henshaw wrote him in reference to this
species that he had record of its capture in northern Michigan, Alaska and New-
foundland. He also mentioned that he had collected 58 specimens of a probably
new species of Coccinelid at Lakehurst, N. J., on April 9, pronounced by Mr. Leng
to be Brndtyacautha^ n. sp., or a European species.

Society adjourned.

] 76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Meeting of May 5.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Tuesday evening, May 5, at
8 o'clock. President C. F. Groth occupied the chair with the following members
present : Messrs. Barber, Billings, Brues, Call, Davis, Franck, Joutel, Love, Leng,
Myers, Snyder, Southwick, Bueno, Watson, Weeks and Zabriskie. Ten visitors
also present. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved.

Mr. Joutel reported that he had sent out the last issue of the Journal to sub-
scribers.* Dr. Call proposed Mr. George P. Engelhardt, 185 Brooklyn Ave., Brooklyn,
as an active member.

The society then had the pleasure of listening to an illustrated lecture by Dr. E.
P. Felt, on the subject of " Wood- Borers (Scolytids) and Their Ways." Dr. Felt
spoke first about the relative size and economical importance of the Scolytidse com-
pared with other important families of Coleoptera. He then threw upon the screen
illustrations of the work of various species of Scolytids, commenting upon the peculiar
difference in each case. He also showed a number of pictures to illustrate how rapidly
these insects can destroy apparently healthy trees. He also exhibited a case showing
specimens and workings of most of the important species of Scolytids.

On motion of Dr. Love the society accorded to Dr. Felt a hearty vote of thanks
for the lecture.

* This must be an error, the March number of the Journal was sent out by The
New Era Printing Company at Lancaster, Pa.

JOURN.^L

J}f\a JBopk ^Intomologiral HcriFfg,

Vol. XT. DECEMBER, 1903. Ko. 4

THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS OF
FEMALE TIPULID^.

By Robert E. Snodgrass.
(Plates X and XI.}

In a paper not yet published -i^ the writer has described and figured
the terminal parts of the male abdomen for a large number of Tipulid
species. The present paper is complementary to this one for the
same species have been used in studying the female abdomen. The
specimens were identified by Mr. R. W. Doane and belong to the zoo-
logical department of the Washington Agricultural College.
Tipula angustipennis Log7C'. (PI. X, Figs. 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10.)

This species will be described first as an example of the entire
family.

The abdomen (Fig. 10) is long and slender, slightly swollen at
the fourth and fifth segments. Posteriorly it terminates in a slender
tapering point when the apical parts are appressed. There are ten
abdominal segments. The first seven have the ordinary cylindrical
shape. The eighth, ninth and tenth are the ones that present the
genital modifications.

The eighth tergum (Figs. 5, 7, 9 and 10, VIII t^ is only about
a third of the length of the seventh tergum. It is otherwise unmodi-
fied. The eighth sternum {VIII s) on the other hand, is greatly
elongate, reaching far beyond its tergum. It is strongly convex ven-
trally and projects posteriorly beneath the ninth and tenth segments.
On the posterior half it presents a long median triangular membra-

*The Hypopygium of the Tipulidx (MS.), Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci.

178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

nous area. Two long, slender, blade-like processes (Figs. 5, 7, 9 and
10, a) arise from its posterior end and project backwards. They are
almost as long as the sternum itself and are set on edge side by side.
The space between the dorsal surface of the eighth sternum and the
ventral surfaces of the ninth and tenth segments is the genital cham-
ber. Arising from the floor of this chamber, /. e., from the dorsal
surface of the projecting part of the eighth sternum, is a small darkly
"chitinized plate (Fig. 8) ending posteriorly in two free diverging
>prongs. This plate may be the fused and rudimentary anterior
igonapophyses.

The ninth segment (Figs. 5, 7, 9 and 10, IX) is very small. Its
tergum consists of a narrow transverse band of chitin back of the
eighth tergum. The ventral part of the ninth segment is entirely
hidden above the eighth sternum. It is membranous and is contin-
uous with the membranous ventral surface of the tenth segment.
The two together form the roof of the genital chamber. In this mem-
brane are two chitinous rods that arise close to the lower ends of the
ninth tergum (Fig. 2) and converge posteriorly where they unite in
a chitinous plate ending in two free prongs on the under side of the
tenth segment. The two free processes are apparently the rudimen-
tary second gonapophyses. The plate and converging arms may be
regarded as the ninth sternum.

The tenth segment (Figs. 5, 7, 9 and 10, X) is relatively large.
Its dorsum is convex and presents a number of transverse wrinkle-like
grooves. Its basal part is widest, the median part somewhat con-
tracted, and the terminal part is slightly expanded again into a trian-
gular suranal plate. The membranous ventral part is slightly con-
cave. It terminates in two rounded podical plates. On each side a
long, rigid, tapering, chitinous cercus (Figs. 5, 7, 9 and 10, cer.')
arises between the suranal and podical plates.

Tipula bella Loe^o. (PI. X, Fig. 6.)

Externally this species scarcely differs from T. angiistipennis.
The lower ends of the ninth tergum are wider (Fig. 6, IX t.). The
ninth sternum consists of two triangular plates, each with a long
tapering angle projecting posteriorly and inwardly (Fig. 6, gon. 2).
The first gonapophyses are slenderer than in the last species, and the
podical plates are shorter.

Dec, 1903.] Snodgrass : Terminal Segments of Tipulid.e. 179

Tipula retusa Doane. (PI. X, Fig. 3.)

This species differs from T. ani:;i/sfipennis chiefly in the shape of
the cerci (cer.'). Instead of being long and tapering they are shorter
and expanded terminally where they bear four small points. At the
base of each is a sharp point on the tenth tergum. The appendages
((?) of the eighth sternum are slightly curved upward. The ninth
sternum is a slender V-shaped bar with the apex drawn out posteriorly
into a sharp point. The first gonapophyses are represented by two
small triangular plates on the floor of the genital chamber with a
slender rod between them. Neither the plates nor the rod project
from the chamber wall.
Tipula unicincta Doane. (PI. X, Fig. 4.)

Externally the abdomen of this species is almost identically the same
as that of T. bella. The ninth sternum is considerably different, how-
ever, as is shown in Fig. 4. It consists of two lateral, curved bars
with a slender, tapering plate between their tips.
Tipula acuta Doane. (PI. XI, Fig. 13.)

Externally very similar to T. angitsiipennis, differing only in the
slightly longer tenth segment and shorter cerci. The ninth sternum
(Fig. 13) is a very slender V-shaped rod with the apex drawn out
posteriorly into a long parallel-sided point. On the floor of the gen-
ital chamber is imbedded a small chitinous rod.
Tipula carinata Z>^^/;^. (PI. XI, Fig. 11.)

Eighth sternum rather large and swollen, making the end of the
abdomen subterminally enlarged. Tenth segment shorter than in the
other species described. Cerci long, blade-like, slightly constricted
at the middle, tapering distally. Ninth sternum similar to that of T.
uncincta but the median semi-chitinous point much larger.
Tipula sulphurea Doane.

Externally very similar to T. angiisfi/^ennis, the principal differ-
ence being in the shorter eighth segment and in the wider ninth ter-
gum. The eighth tergum is even a little shorter than the ninth.
Tenth tergum lacks the transverse wrinkles. Ninth sternum a simple
narrow U-shaped bar with the closed end posterior and produced into
a short slender bar.
Tipula dorsolineata Doane.

Externally almost identical with T. angustipennis. The tenth
tergum, however, has no transverse wrinkles, and the ninth sternum is

LSO Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

U-shaped with a Y-shaped bar between the arrow, having the forked
part posterior.

These forms described are typical of the genus Tipula. The follow-
ing species are all very similar to T. angustipennis : T. bisetosa Doane,
T. cBqiialis Doane, T. caloptera Loew, T. lamellata Doane, T. flavi-
co/Zi's Fab., T. tephfocephalal^oew, T. cinerea Coq., T. triinttaV>oz.x\&,
T. fallax Loew, T. brevicoUis, T. incisa Doane, T. iinpiidica Doane,
T. truncorum Meig., T. cognata Doane, T. spernax O. S., T. ciispi-
data, T. inermis Doane.

Tipula bicornis. (PI. X, Fig. i, and PI. XI, Fig. i6.)

This species and the next described depart from the general form
for the genus more than do any others examined. In T. bicornis the
eighth sternum is unusually large and prolonged posteriorly as far as
the lips of the very short cerci. It bears at the end two very short,
vertical, apical lobes (Fig. i a'). The tenth segment is very short,
the cerci {cer.^ are small and spatulate. The ninth sternum consists
of a bilobed plate having the form shown in Fig. i6.

Tipula streptocera Z^cw;/^. (PL XI, Fig. 19.)

Of the same type as the last, but the ninth tergum is shorter and
is deeply notched above on the posterior margin. Both eighth tergum
and sternum large, apical appendages of the latter small. Ninth
sternum (Fig. 19) consists of two leaf-shaped plates, each produced
posteriorly and inward as a long stem-like process, the two stems
fusing into a median point. Tenth segment consists of a narrow
transverse band expanded triangularly on dorsum. Cerci are short,
vertical, semicircular plates.

No other species in the collection were found of the bicornis and
streptocera type. The males of these species present the same type of
structure in the form of the hypopygium but they differ greatly in
degree of development of certain parts. For example, in each a process
projects backward from the "pleural " plates, but in T. bicornis they
are short and inconspicuous, while in T. streptocera they form a pair
of long rod-like arms projecting posteriorly and upward.

All the lower genera show the same plan of structure as does
Tipula. Their species differ in various minor ways from the species
of this genus, but there are no generic and super-generic variations in
the female genitalia as there are in the male hypopygia.

Dec, IQ03.] SnODGRASS : TERMINAL SEGMENTS OF TlPULID^. 181

Dicranomyia venusta Berg. (PI. XI, Figs. 12 and 14.)

Very similar to Tipula. The eighth tergum is narrow above,
widened on the sides (Fig. 14, VIII i). The eighth sternum is
prolonged posteriorly beneath the ninth and tenth, and terminates in
two blade-like appendages (<?). The ninth tergum is a narrow band
back of the eighth. The ninth sternum (Fig. 12) is a curved trans-
verse bar of chitin bearing a median bar projecting caudally. This
supports a free membranous flap on the dorsal wall of the genital
chamber. The tenth segment is comparatively long and supports two
curved, tapering cerci.

Dicranomyia longipennis Schtim.

In this species the appendages of the eighth sternum are longer
than in the last, and the ninth sternum is a simple transverse bar of
chitin. Otherwise the two species are alike.

Symplecta punctipennis O. S. (PI. XI, Fig. 15.)

Very similar to Dicranomyia, differing in the proportionally larger
and strongly up-curved cerci of the tenth segment.

Limnophila sciophila O. S. (PI. XI, Fig. 17.)

Very similar to Dicranomyia and Symplecta. The eighth sternum
short but its appendages (<?) large. Cerci long, slender and curved.
Ninth sternum is a sinuous transverse bar of chitin bearing a median
rod projecting posteriorly as in Dicranomyia vefiusta and supporting
a long triangular membranous flap (Fig. 17, gon. 2).

Antocha opalizans O. S.

Does not differ from the last.
Dicranoptycha scabrina.

Tenth segment rather elongate and the cerci spatulate in form.
Erioptera caloptera Say and E. septentrionis O. S.

Differ in no way from the foregoing genera. The cerci are curved
upward.

Epiphragma forcipennis Say (PI. XI, Fig. 18) and Trimicra ano-
mala O. S.

In both of these forms the cerci are rather large and strongly bent
upward.

Amalopis constans Doane and A. inconstans O. S.

Very similar to Epiphragma and Trimicra.

182 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Ptychoptera !enis O. S. (PL XI, Fig. 20.)

Considerably different from any others examined. The abdomen
is club-shaped, enlarging posteriorly to the seventh segment. The
eighth, ninth and tenth terga are consolidated and covered by the
posterior margin of the seventh. The eighth sternum is short and
thick and its appendages {a) are rudimentary. The cerci {cer), on
the other hand, are extremely large plates widest near the middle,
tapering to a point distally.
Ctenophora bimaculata, C. flaviolata, C. angustipennis.

Parts all of ordinary form. In C. atrata the tip of the abdomen
and the cerci are greatly prolonged and tapering.
Pachyrrhina, spp.

Eight species were examined and none were found to depart from
the ordinary type.

This study of the female abdomen shows that there is but one type
of structure throughout the entire family, and that the generic and
specific modifications of this type are but slight. The contrast be-
tween the males and the females in this respect is very striking. The
modifications of the female parts are insignificant when compared with
the enormous variety of hypopygial structure in the males. It is
utterly impossible to point out any correlation between the variations
of the corresponding parts in the two sexes. There consequently
arises the interesting problem of explaining the modifications of the
male genital parts by some other theory than that of adaptation to the
female organs.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

a, appendages of eighth sternum ; cer, cercus ; gon. 2, second gonapophyses ;
FIJI t, eighth tergum ; VIII s, eighth sternum; IX, X, ninth and tenth terga.

Plate X.
Fig. I. Tipula bicornis, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fig. 2. Tipida angustipennis, second gonapophyses (^gon. 2) and lower ends
of ninth tergum ( IX t. ) .

Fig. 3. Tipula retusa, lateral view of end of abdomen.
Fig. 4. Tipula unicincta, ninth sternum.

Fig. 5. Tipula angustipennis, lateral view of end of abdomen.
Fig. 6. Tipula bella, ninth sternum and lower ends of tergum.
Fig. 7. Tipula angustipennis, ventral view of end of abdomen.
Fig. 8. Tipula angustipennis, fused first gonapophyses.
Fig. 9. Tipula angustipennis, dorsal view of end of abdomen.
Fig. 10. Tipula angustipennis, lateral view of entire abdomen.

Dec, 1903.] Snodgrass : Anatomy or Peranahrus Scahricoi.lis. 183

Pl.ATK XI.

Fig. II. Tiptila caritinta, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fio. 12. Dicranomyia ventista, ninth sternum and appendage.

Fig. 13. Tipula acuta, ninth sternum.

Fig. 14. Dicranomyia venusta, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fig. 15. 5i'W//^f/'rf^««f//]^^««i,y, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fig. 16. Tipula bicornis, ninth sternum.

Fig. 17. Livinophila sciophila, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fig. 18. Epip/iragina foriipeiiiiis, lateral view of end of abdomen.

Fig. 19. Tipula streptocera, ninth sternum.

Flc. 20. Ptyclioptera lenis, lateral view of end of abdomen.

NOTES ON THE INTERNAL ANATOMY^OF PER-

ANABRUS SCABRICOLLIS {TIIOAf.).

By Roi3Ert E. Snodgrass.

(Plates XII and XIII.)

Pcraiuibnis scabricollis (Thorn.) is a large, thick-bodied, short-
legged locustid inhabiting the central part of the State of Washing-
ton. 'I'he writer has already i)repared an account of its interesting
life-history to be published as a bulletin of the Washington Experi-
ment Station under the name of the " Coulee Cricket."

The Alimentary Canal (Fig. 13) has the ordinary Anabnis form.
The crop is large, extending back to the posterior edge of the thorax.
The ventriculus and small intestine form a complete dorsal loop.
The numerous, thread-like Malpighian tubules are grouped in six
bunches. The gastric caaca {^:;as. c. ) are two wide pouches embrac-
ing the posterior end of the crop.

The Saliva)-}' Glands (Fig. 4) are composed of groups of race-
mose glands in the ventral part of the thorax. The scattered groups
(.$■. gls.') on each side are connected by ducts which finally form one
main tube (^s. d.). Into this opens the duct from the large sac-like
reservoir {s. r.) of the same side. The final right and left ducts then
unite in a median duct that opens at the base of the hypopharynx.

The Respiratory System is highly developed and all of the main
tracheal are large. The dorsal longitudinal trunks (Fig. 12, d. I. tr.)
lie just at the edges of the diaphragm. Each is connected with the
spiracle trunks of same side by two transverse tubes (Fig. 12, t. tr.).
The anterior one of each pair is larger than the other.

184 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLxi.

The Nervous System (Figs, i and 3) consists of si.x abdominal
ganglia, three thoracic, and the usual two head ganglia.

The brain (Fig. 1) is not composed of distinct lobes as it isinAcri-
didse {Dissosleira). The procerebral, dentocerebral and tritocerebral
parts on each side form one continuous mass thick above {op. /. ) but
gradually tapering downward into the circumoesophageal commissure
{cos. c). The optic lobe regions {op. I.) are broadly united mesially
and from their outer upper aspects give off the optic nerves or optic
ganglia {op. gl.). Each of the latter is thickened basally, constricted
beyond the middle, and swollen terminally where it abuts against the
eye. The optic ganglia are much smaller than in the much larger-
eyed Acrididse. The ocellar nerves {oc.) are short and slender.
The antennal nerves {ant. n.) arise from the upper part of the dento-
cerebral regions. The labral nerve (/. //. ) and frontal commissure
(/. <r. ) have a common basal trunk on each side, but the labral nerve
soon separates, and goes downward to the labrum. From the frontal
ganglion (/. g.^ there goes ventrally upon the front of the oesophagus
a slender oesophageal nerve {iv. //.), and posteriorly upon the dorsal
surface of the crop a thicker stomatogastric nerve {sg. //.). The
oesophageal commissure {a;, c.) arises on each side just before the
bases of the circumoesophageal trunks {co;. c).

The suboesophageal ganglion (Fig. 3) is of ordinary form and
gives off the mouth-part nerves as shown in the figure.

The three thoracic ganglia are situated one in each segment.

Of the six abdominal ganglia the first two are in the first and sec-
ond segments respectively, the third is in the fourth segment, the
fourth in the fifth, the fifth in the seventh, and the sixth in the eighth.

The Circuhitory System (Figs. 9, 10 and 12) is rather easily studied
on account of the large size of the specimens. The heart consists of a
tube reaching from the posterior end of the abdomen forward into the
head. In each abdominal segment it presents a fusiform enlargement
or chamber (Fig. 12, ht. and <?<?.).

The diaphragm extends throughout the entire length of the dorsal
part of the body, /. e., from the anterior edge of the prothorax to the
tip of the suranal plate (Fig. 12, dp.'). In the thorax it is a wide
sheet with slightly concave margins. It is widest in the prothorax,
tapering posteriorly in the meso- and metathorax. In the anterior
half of the abdomen it is a little wider than in the mesothorax, but
back of this it gradually tapers posteriorly, ending in a point beneath
the suranal plate.

Dec, 1903.] Snodgrass : Anatomv of Pkranabrls Scabricoi.lis. 185

The two dorsal longitudinal tracheal trunks lie just above the edges
of the diaphragm (Fig. 12, d. I. fr.). The paired transverse commis-
sures (/. /r. ) join the longitudinal trunks at the middle of each seg-
ment from the first to the ninth. In the tenth segment there is only
one transverse trachea on each side.

The diaphragm muscles (Fig. 12, dp. m.) are fan-shaped bundles
of fibers that diverge upon the diaphragm from the anterior edges of
the terga between each two pairs of transverse trachese. After enter-
ing upon the diaphragm the muscles break up into minute fibrillne
(Fig. 9) that cross and are interwoven in all directions, so that one
individual fiber cannot be followed. In many cases the muscle appears
to end after breaking up into fine hair-like bunches of spreading
fibrillje (Fig. 10).

The diaphragm is an almost invisible membrane but its presence
is indicated by its numerous nuclei (Figs. 9 and 10, d. n.). The
membrane itself, however, can be seen between the muscle fibers 01
the fan-shaped bundles. Mesially the diaphragm is imperforate, but
laterally it is fenestrated by numerous large and small oval holes (Fig.
9). In Dissosteira it is everywhere imperforate and is, in this form,
much more plainly visible than in Peranabriis because the muscle
fibers on it are not so numerous and do not break up into a felt-work
of fibrillar. Fig. 10 is a detailed copy of a small piece of the per-
forated part of the diaphragm. Several fenestra are shown with the
muscle bundles splitting and going around them as diverging groups
of fibrillrc. The latter are seen in several places disappearing by
becoming lost in a felt-work of fibers. The diajjhragm nuclei (^/. ;/. )
are seen irregularly scattered about. In Dissosteira the muscle fibers
extend continuously across the diaphragm from one side to the other,
or branch and unite mesially in only a very simple plexus. They are
further in Dissosteira, not distributed upon the diaphragm in fan-
shaped bundles but arise serially or in small groups along the edge of
the diai)hragm and extend mostly straight across its surface.

In Peranabriis the muscle fibers appear to be unstriated. In Dis-
sosteira they are distinctly striated. In the crayfish {Astaciis) the
floor of the pericardium is composed of an upper and a lower nucleated
membrane inclosing a layer of transverse striated muscle fibers.
Mesially the fibers break up into unstriated fibrillar but these can be
traced across directly into the fibers of the opposite side.

The upper surface of the diaphragm is covered by a layer of small,

186 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xl

granular pericardial cells. The pericardial space above is filled by a
loose mass of pericardial fat cells.

The Reproductive Organs occupy the usual positions above and
below the alimentary canal.

In the male (Figs. 2 and 8) the testes (Fig. 8, tes.') are flat, oval
and set on edge against the side wall of the body cavity, reaching
from the front part of the fourth into the seventh abdominal segment.
Four large tracheal trunks, from the spiracles of the third, fourth,
fifth and sixth abdominal segments ramify in finger-like bunches upon
the inner surface of each. Each testis is a racemose gland, not com-
posed of tubes as in Dissosteira, and the vas deferens issues from its
lower end. The latter, just below the testis, is tightly coiled into a
solid, epididymis-like mass (Figs. 2 and 8, epd. The epididymis is
uncoiled on the right side of Fig. 2).

Below the epididymis the vas deferens turns inward and is lost in
the mass of accessory glands (Fig. 8, ac. g/s.). When the posterior
smaller ones of these are removed (as in Fig. 2) it is seen that the
vasa deferentia enlarge greatly before uniting to form the ejaculatory
duct (ej. d.). There are two sets of accessory glands. One set
consists of two anterior lateral masses (^ac. g/s.) of long coiled tubes,
those of each mass uniting posteriorly in a short tube (Fig. 2) which
opens into the enlarged part of the vas deferens. The other set con-
sists of a great number of smaller tubes (ae. g/s.') opening directly
into the enlarged parts of the vasa deferentia. These glands must
secrete the large mass of albuminous matter injected by the male into
the bursa copulatrix of the female at the completion of copulation.

The spermatozoa are filiform with an anterior enlargement showing
a constriction near the front end (Fig. 5). They occur in fan-shaped
or conical bunches in the testes. In the spermatophores they form
long feather-like bundles (Fig. 6), the shafts of which are formed by
the united heads of the spermatozoa.

The penis (Fig. 11, pe//.) consists of an irregularly lobed evagina-
tion from the anterior end of the genital chamber (g. e.). On its
dorsal surface is an invagination, the spermatic pouch (^s. />.), into
which opens the ejaculatory duct. Above the base of the penis there
arises from the anterior wall of the genital chamber two slender ser-
rated, chitinous rods (/'.).

In the female organs (Fig. 7) the ovaries (ozi.) consist of two
large oval masses of egg tubes, about fifteen tubes in each, lying in the

Dec, iyo3] Snodgrass : Anatomv OF Peranabrus Scarricollis. 187

upper lateral parts of the abdominal cavity from the first to the sev-
enth segments. The tubes converge posteriorly and oj^en together into
the upper ends of the oviducts {otL), not serially along the sides of the
oviducts as in Dissosteira. The vagina is very short and opens into
the genital chamber above the anterior end of the eighth sternum.

The spermatheca {spt. ) is an oval sac opening by a narrow neck into
the dorsal wall of the genital chamber just back of the opening of the
oviduct. A long coiled tubular gland (.i,''/. ) lies on the right side of
he rectum and opens posteriorly between the bases of the gonapoph-
yses.

The spermatophores are large, globular, chitinous capsules, about
2.25 mm. in diameter, of a yellowish color, and having along slender,
tapering, curved neck. Each is filled with a mass of the feather-like
bundles of spermatozoa (Fig. 6) already described. The sperma-
theca contains only a few spermatophores — five in the specimens ex-
amined, and these are imbedded in an albuminous mass within it.

• EXPL.VNATION OF THE PLATES.
Plate XII.

Fig. I. Anterior view of the brain, ant. n., antenna! nerve; ca. c, circum-
cesophageal commissure;/", c, frontal commissure \f.g., frontal ganglion; /. «., labral
nerve; oc. ocellar nerves; a\ c, cesophageal commissure; ae. n., (esophageal nerve;
op. gl., optic ganglion ; op. I., optic lobe ; sg. it., stomatogastric nerve.

Fig. 2. A part of the male reproductive organs, the testes and the smaller acces-
sory glands [ac. g/s^. of Fig. 8) removed, also the right epididymis partially unwound.
ac. gls., larger accessory glands ; ej. d., ejaculatory duct ; epd., epididymis ; vd., vas
deferens.

Fig. 3. Subocsophageal ganglion, left side. ex. c, circumcesophageal commis-
sure; lab. 11., labial nerve; vid. «., maxillary nerve; nix. n., maxillary nerve;/, r.,
posterior commissure.

Fig. 4. Salivary glands and reservoir of one side. s. d., salivary duct of one
side ; s. gis., salivary glands ; s. >:, salivary reservoir.

Fig. 5. A mature spermatozoon from the testis.

Fig. 6. A feather-like bundle of spermatozoa from a spermatophore.

Fig. 7. Female reproductive organs, dorsal view, g/., a tubular gland opening
into the bursa copulatrix back of the spermathecal orifice ; od., oviduct ; oz:, ovaries ;
spt., spermatheca.

Fig. 8. Male reproductive organs, dorsal view. (7r. <,■•/?., larger accessory glands ;
ac. gls'., smaller accessory glands; ej. d., ejaculatory duct ; epd., epididymis; ies.,
testis; v. d., vas deferens.

Pl..\TE XIII.

Fig. 9. A part of the pericardial diaphragm and one " alary " bundle of muscles.
The unperforated part of diaphragm is median. '

188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi.

Fig. lo. A small piece of lateral perforated part of diaphragm highly magnified.

Fig. II. Median vertical section of posterior part of male abdomen, ac. g/s.,
accessory glands; an., anus; cer., cercus ; ej. </., ejaculatory duct; g. c, genital
chamber; /^w., penis; ;iO(/. //., podical plate; r. , serrated rod above penis; rect.,
rectum; sa. pL, suranal plate; s. p., spermatic pouch; A'/., tenth tergum ; IX s.,
ninth sternum.

Fig. 12. Ventral view of dorsal body-wall with diaphragm and tracheae attached.
ao., aorta; dp., diaphragm; dp. in., fan-shaped muscle bundles ("alary" muscles)
of diaphragm ; d. I. tr., dorsal longitudinal trachea; ht., heart; /. /;-. , transverse
tracheae.

Fig. 13. Alimentary canal, left side, cr., crop; gas. c, gastric cKca ; 7nal. t.,
Malpighian tubules; a-., cesophagus ; red., rectum; vent., ventriculus.

NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903. NO. 5.*
By John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Luperina migrata, sp. rov.

Ground color fuscous brown, shaded with smoky and marked with black. Head
darker in front, immaculate, collar with a median, black transverse line below which
it is paler. Disc of thorax palest, the sides of the patagia smoky ; tufting small and
neatly marked. Two or three small dorsal tufts of the abdomen evident. The prima-
ries are strigate in appearance, and the transverse maculation is all lengthily dentate.
There is a black basal streak and a black streak along the inner margin near base, ex-
tending to the t. a. line. The t. a. line is marked by a pair of oblique smoky streaks on
the costa, and by a black dent on vein I ; in the submedian interspace it merges into a
claviform that is black-edged and extends to the t. p. line. T. p. line geminate, smoky,
the included space paler, even and evenly curved to opposite the cell, then inwardly
oblique, strongly dentate, the inner portion becoming black as it approaches its lower
termination ; a blackish shading extends over the junction with the claviform. S. t. line
slender, pale, dentate, broken, with difficulty traceable through a series of black or black-
ish interspaceal streaks. A pale ray extends from the t. p. line to outer margin over
veins 3 and 6. There is a narrow black terminal line at the base of the slightly scajloped
fringes, which are brown, marked with a conspicuous yellowish dot at the end of each
vein. There is a difiluse smoky or blackish median shade, oblique from costa between
the ordinary spots, then inwardly oblique, less marked, parallel to the t. p. line. The
orbicular is elongate, narrow, oblique, black bordered and narrowly pale ringed. Reni-
form large, upright, kidnfey-shaped, pale ringed, partly edged with black scales.
Secondaries soiled white at the base, the veins smoky, with a moderate deep smoky
outer border : a blackish lunate terminal line at the base of the whitish fringes. Be-
neath, primaries gray, blackish powdered, with a distinct discal spot, an extramedian
line and a series of dark terminal lunulas. Secondaries whitish with a gray powdery
border along the costa and outer margin, a small discal lunule and a distinct extra-
median line. Expands 1. 70-1. 80 inches ^42-45 mm.

* The fourth paper of this series, containing references to those preceding is in the
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIX, 191-224.

Dec, 1903 ] Smith: New Noctuids for 1903. 189

Habitat: Stockton, Utah: New Jersey (!)

Two female examples in good condition. One of these examples
has been in my collection over ten years, bearing a " N. J." locality
label ; but from whom I received it is not recorded. I felt certain
that this could not be correct and, as I could not identify it with any
exotic form accessible to me, I simply waited until I received the
example from Utah through Mr. George Franck. This matches my
specimen exactly, save that it is fresher and more intense in its macu-
lation. The species is a large one, allied to luirgesst, but with the
strigate maculation that is not familiar to me in any other form.

Chytonix parvimacula, sp. nov.

Ground color dull smoky brown, basal and lower portion of the median space
much darker than the other parts of the primaries. Head and thorax mottled with
lighter and darker scales, but forming no obvious ornamentation. Primaries with all
the markings well defined, but not contrasting. Basal line extending almost across
the wing, geminate, inner portion blackish, included space paler. T. a. line black,
preceded by a narrow whitish line, outwardly oblique, almost even to the submedian
vein, below which it bends inwardly to the margin. T. p. line black, followed by a
very narrow paler line, abruptly bent outward on the costa, then with a rather even
curve to the inner margin. S. t. line pale, diffuse, irregular, forming a small W cen-
trally ; a slight mossy greenish tinge extending on each side of the line. A broken
blackish terminal line and the fringe with a smoky interline. The upper margin of
a claviform spot is indicated, surmounted by a few greenish scales, and a narrow white
bar extends from the end of this indicated spot to the t. p. line. Orbicular of good
size, irregularly oval, oblique, narrowly outlined, annulate with gray, center con-
colorous. Reniform moderate, a little constricted centrally, lower part somewhat
dilated, incompletely outlined and annulate. Secondaries rather dark smoky brown,
fringes paler. Beneath whitish, mottled with smoky, both wings with a darker extra-
median line ; primaries with a paler terminal area, secondaries with a discal lunule.
Expands I.I2 inches = 28 mm.

Habitat : ' ' Middle California. ' '

One male example in fair condition, the label giving no indication
of its source or the exact locality where collected. The species has
the wing-form oi sensilis rather than palliatricula ; but is more nearly
like the latter in maculation and in general appearance.
Chytonix laticlava, sp. nov.

Ground color dull smoky gray ; primaries paler, with a brown tinge in the median
space above the submedian transverse bar. Head and thorax mottled, collar with
an obscure darker median line ; patagia marked with gray — though this is probably a
variable character. Abdomen with the usual tufts. Primaries with the maculation
well defined. A short black basal dash which broadens and forks at the outer end ;
a short black streak along the inner margin. Basal line marked by geminate dots on
the costa. T. a. line well removed from base, single, somewhat diffuse, black, out-

190 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

wardly oblique to the submedian interspace, then forming an almost right angle, in-
wardly oblique to the inner margin. T. p. line unusually near outer margin ; gemi-
nate, even, dark smoky, the inner part becoming black inferiorly ; included space
whitish powdered ; evenly outcurved over the cell and evenly oblique below it. S. t.
line very irregular, defined only by contrasts in color between the shadings in the ter-
minal and s. t. spaces ; a trigonate dusky shade in the terminal space above the
middle and another above the hind angle are most conspicuous and between these
two or three preceding black marks indicate an obscure W, the teeth of which reach
the outer margin. A black, somewhat lunate terminal line. Fringes with a smoky
interline. Claviform concolorous, short, very broad, black margined ; from its lower
edge a broad black bar extends to the t. p. line, beyond which the s. t. space is
whitish. Orbicular large, oval, oblique, pale, not well margined. Reniform large,
broadly ovate, outlined by darker scales and obscurely darker in center. A black
costal spot indicates a median line of underside faintly reproduced above. Beneath
gray, powdery, with a discal spot and an extramedian line on all wings. Expands
I.l6 inches = 29 mm.

Habitat: Pullman, Washington, August 14 and 30, 1897.

One pair taken at light and somewhat defective, from Professor C.
V. Piper. The species has been in my collection for some time, asso-
ciated -With pa/Iiatriai/a, of which I have now a nice series which ex-
cludes the present form. La tic lava is paler, more ashen in tint, the
secondaries much paler ; there is no trace of the white dot at the end
of the transverse dark bar, while on the other hand the s. t. space
within hind angle becomes whitish. Other differences of details ap-
pear in the description.

Cerma fascia, sp. nov.

Ground color pale creamy yellow, overlaid and mottled by brown, rusty and
black scales. Head and palpi pale creamy yellow, immaculate ; collar a little
mottled with silvery gray scales ; disc gray and brown centered, the basal tuft being
nearly white. The little abdominal tuft at base is dark gray. Primaries powdery
gray, more or less overlaid or mixed with yellow and rusty brown scales, the space
between the basal and t. a. lines and the s. t. space paler or even whitish, giving the
appearance of a pale subbasal fascia and a more irregular, mottled terminal pale area.
Basal line black, narrow, irregular, not well defined. T. a. line nearly upright,
irregular, marked chiefly by the difference in color between the subbasal and median
spaces. T. p. line white, irregularly denticulate, preceded by black and followed by
rusty scales ; abruptly bent below costa, squarely and broadly exserted over the cell.
There is no obvious s. t. line, the terminal area being irregularly mottled, yet leaving
a better marked blotch on the margin above the hind angle and another above the
middle. A distinct, black, broken terminal line. The long fringes are brown,
mottled, cut with white opposite the veins. Orbicular round or nearly so, white
ringed, narrowly edged with black. Reniform of good size, oblong, oval, a little con-
stricted centrally, incompletely white ringed and not completely defined. Secondaries
very pale smoky, the veins a little darker. Beneath, primaries quite smoky, the ter-

Dec. 1903.] Smith: New Noctuids for 1903. I'.ll

minal area paler ; secondaries whitish with a smoky discal lunule and extramedian
line. E.xpands, 1. 08-1. 16 inches 1^ 27-29 mm.

Habitat : Doble, California, in early August.

Two good females, collected by Mr. George S. Hutson in the Col-
orado desert. The species resembles olivacea in general appearance,
but has the niaculation much more diffuse. The paler area just before
the t. a. line also seems to be characteristic, none of the five examples
of olivacea now before me showing any tendency that way. It is likely
to be found in other of the desert localities.
Fishia vinela, sp. nov.

Ground color ashen gray, marked and dusted with black and brown. Head with
a black frontal line. Collar with a black median transverse line ; patagia with a black
line through the center ; disc gray and brown powdered. Primaries apparently have
the lower third of the wing darker, the maculation over the costal area obscure and
not well defined. An irregular, narrow black basal streak, which does not reach
the t. a. line. A black streak along the internal margin, reaching to the t. a. line
but not quite to the base. T. a. line geminate, incomplete, marked as a pair of
oblique dusky streaks on the costa, nearly lost in the middle of the wing and again
marked by a long outcurve below the submedian vein. T. p. line obscure, dentate,
geminate, the outer part lost over the cell, the inner portion slender, very faint from
the costa to vein 3, below which it is black, the lunule in the submedian interspace
best marked and followed by a whitish shading. S. t. line is a line of pale dots in a
series of black or blackisli interspaceal streaks which are most obvious over the hind
angle and above the middle. There is a narrow blackish terminal line, beyond which
the smoky fringes are based by a narrow yellow line. The outer margin is obviously
though not deeply scalloped and the hind angle a little retreating. Orbicular outlined
in blackish, a black line bordering it below and extending across the median space to
the t. p. line. Orbicular oval, a little oblique, moderate in size, obscurely defined.
Reniform large, upright, broad kidney-shaped, obscurely and incompletely pale
ringed, not otherwise defined. Secondaries white, semi-transparent, with a blackish
terminal line; veins smoky ; a reddish flush along inner margin. Beneath whitish,
powdery, most so along costal area and toward apices ; a dusky median line and a
small discal spot. Expands I.60-I.80 inches = 40-45 mm.

Habitat: Denver, Colorado, October 3 (Oslar) ; Glenwood
Springs, Colorado, September and October (Barnes).

Three male examples in good condition are before me at present.
Dr, Barnes has others and it is probable that specimens are in collec-
tions mingled with Hadena evclina French. With the latter species
this new form agrees in general type of maculation and wing-form ;
but the primaries are a little narrower, the ornamentation is more
confused, powdery and paler, while the secondaries are almost white.
As a whole the species is smaller and less robust than its Californian
ally.

192 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.

Hadena eve /in a, by the bye, must also be placed as a Fishia
though the spinulation of the middle and hind tibi;e is so obscure as
to be readily overlooked except on the closest examination. In fact
it was not until I had seen the spines in vine/a that I discovered them
sparsely hidden also in the vestiture of evelina, this difference in
armature affording another point of distinction between them.
Anytus tenuilinea, sp. nov.

Ground color very pale ashen gray, giving the appearance of an Acroiiycia. Head
rusty brown below a dusky, transverse frontal line, somewhat smoky on the vertex.
Collar with a black transverse line ; disc of thorax smoky, patagia with a powdery
blackish submargin. Primaries with the marking neatly and clearly written. A line of
black scales indicates a narrow basal streak. T. a. line single, black, outwardly oblique,
outcurved between the veins, that in the submedian interspace drawn into a tooth from
which a slender black streak extends to the t. p. line. T. p. line geminate, the outer
part a mere smoky shade line, the inner slender, black, lunulate, forming a long out-
curve under the cell and a deep incurve in the submedian interspace to meet the streak
from the t. a. line. The s. t. line is vague and indicated by differences in shade be-
tween the s. t. and terminal spaces and by a series of darker elongate spots in the
interspaces. A series of black terminal lunules, beyond which the fringes are cut
with brown. All the veins are marked with black scales. Orbicular large, oval,
oblique, inferiorly a little drawn out, paler than the surroundings, not otherwise de-
fined. Reniform of moderate size, kidney-shaped, defined by black scales within
which there is an incomplete whitish ring. Secondaries smoky, paler at base within
a vague median shade line ; the fringes whitish beyond a dark, broken terminal line.
Beneath, primaries smoky, with a vague discal lunule and median line ; secondaries
paler, more ashen, median shade and discal dot better marked. Expands 1. 50
inches ^ 37 mm.

Habitat: Stockton, Utah.

One good female from Mr. George Franck. The species appears
to be somewhat narrower-winged than the others and differs from all
those previously described by the slender clean-cut markings on a pale
ground, which give it a deceptive Acronycta'XxV^ appearance.

Euxoa* nesilens, sp. nov.

Ground color a pale yellowish-gray, maculation of a deeper, luteous or smoky
gray. Head a little smoky on the vertex, palpi smoky at the sides. Collar with a
transverse, smoky median shading, which tends to become a line. Thorax con-
colorous. Primaries without conspicuous contrasts or shadings; yet all the markings
evident, just enough darker than the ground to make them readily recognizable.
Costal area a little paler. No basal streak. Basal line geminate, marked on costa
and median vein only. T. a. line geminate, nearly upright, a little outcurved in the
interspaces,, tending to become broken and to the loss of the inner portion. T. p.
line crenulate, single or with the outer portion obscurely marked, rather abruptly bent

* An older term for Carneades.

Dec, 1903] Leng : North American Coccinellid/E. 193

on the costa, nearly parallel thence with the outer margin. S. t. line pale, a little
irregular, marked by a dusky preceding shade. There is a series of interspaceal
terminal lunules. Fringes concolorous. The claviform is vaguely traceable in some
examples, wanting in others. Orbicular large, irregularly ovate, oblique, paler than
the ground, the margins edged with darker scales. Reniform large, kidney-shaped,
paler than the ground, incompletely defined by a yellowish annulus and brown
marginal scales. Secondaries smoky whitish, paler at the base, the veins and a discal
lunule darker. Beneath yellowish-white. The disc of primaries smoky ; both wings
with an incomplete, diffuse median shade line and a smoky discal spot. E.\pands
1. 48-1. 68 inches =r 37-42 mm.

Habitat: Brandon, Manitoba; Calgary, Canada, July 5-12 (F.
H. Wolley Dod).

Two males and three females are before me at present ; others are
in the collection of Mr. Dod, who called my attention to the species.
In general appearance it resembles silens, but does not have the black
basal streak nor the blackish suffusion between the ordinary spots. On
the other hand it does have more complete, better marked median
lines. Attention once drawn to the species, its distinctness is clear
and its association is with basalis, from which, however, it differs ob-
viously in color.

NOTES ON COCCINELLIDiE.— II.

Bv Charles W. Leng, B.S.
(Plates XIV and XV.)

Tribe II. Coccinellini.

PVont coxal cavities closed ; base of antennre exposed ; melasternal and ventral
coxal lines distinct ; body loosely articulated, not very contractile ; usually rounded
in outline, sometimes oblong, never pubescent above.

The technical definition of this tribe is given above ; it includes
those lady-bugs most commonly iiiet with, as the two-spotted lady-
bug {Atialia bipunctata') often found in houses, and the nine-spotted
lady-bug {Coccinelia g-noiata) which is abundant in gardens; most of
the species are about the size of these common representatives of the
group, round and convex. They feed on plant lice and are useful
insects.

The genera are by no means strongly separated. The following
table is based upon that printed by Major Casey in this Journal (Vol.
VII, No. 2, June, 1899), simplified by the omission of the foreign

194 Journal New York Entomologicai, Society. |Vo1. xi.

forms and by the suppression of some genera that seem unnecessary.
The Psylloborini are included to avoid the division into so many
groups. The term " metacoxal plate " is used for that portion of the
first ventral segment included above the ventral lines visible on that
segment in this and following groups (see sketch of under side on
plate XIV).

Body larger, antennae shorter with last joint truncate.

First ventral lines arcuate, continuous, not quite entire, the metacoxal plates shorter

than the segment ; body oval Adalia.

First ventral lines curving outward to the sides of the body along the first suture,
the included area (or metacoxal plate) frequently divided by an oblique line ;
body usually rounded.

Tarsal claws with a large subquadrate tooth at base Coccinelhr.

Tarsal claws cleft within Neomysia.

Body smaller; antennae slender with last joint elongate Psyllobora.

Division of Coci iiulhe.
Metacoxal plates divided by an oblique line joining the bounding arc at about its

middle point, forming an angulate inner plate I

Metacoxal plates not or only partially divided, the oblique line obsolete or feeble... 2

1. Oblique line meeting the bounding curve at middle of segment; elytra blue.

Agrabia.
Oblique line meeting the bounding curve at hind margin of segment.. .Coccinella.

2. Mesosternum truncate with a minute notch at middle Harmonia.

Mesosternum broadly and deeply sinuate.

Prosternal process narrow, strongly bicarinate Atlisocalvia.

Prosternal process broad, strongly convex in a transverse direction and prominent
at the apical margin Anatis.

To a large extent the markings of the thorax are uniform through-
out each genus and reference to the figures will save minute study
of the under surface which, as specimens are ordinarily mounted, is not
easy.

Of the genera tabulated by Major Casey, Neoharmonia, Cycloneda
and Ol'a are included above with Coccinella — Neomysia replaces
Mysia of the check list. Cleis is included with Harmonia.

Adalia Muh.

Thorax with a broad M -shaped median black design, the broad pale margins immacu-
late bipunctata.

Thorax with M -shaped design and a black point at the center of the broad yellow
margin frigida.

Thorax with M-.shaped design and a submarginal black spot; elytra with transverse
series of spots or transverse bands annectans.

Thorax black with narrow pale apical and lateral margins humeralis.

Dec, 1903.] Leng : North American Coccinellid.«. 195

3067. A. bipunctata Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 364. [^bioailata Say.]

Oval, black ; tarsi and sides of abdomen rufescent ; head with two yellow frontal
marks; thorax yellowish-white with an M-shaped median black design, the broad
pale margins immaculate ; elytra red with a tolerably large rounded discoidal black
spot ; thorax obsoletely punctulate, elytra punctate ; the first ventral line is semicir-
cular and nearly complete. Length, 3.8-5.2 mm. = .15-.21 inch.

Distributed by commerce widely over the world.

3066. A. frigida SchneiJer, 1792, Neu. Mag. Ent., p. 172.

Oval, black ; tarsi rufescent ; head with two yellow frontal spots ; thorax yellow-
ish white with an M -shaped black design and a black spot at the center of the broad
yellow margin (or black with the front, sides and basal bilobed spot yellowish) ; elytra
red, either immaculate or with two spots black or with two black bands ; thorax ab-
solutely punctulate, elytra punctate ; metacoxal plates extending to apical third or
fourth of first ventral segment. Length, 3.2-4.8 mm. == .14-. 19 inch.

Occurs in Europe and Siberia and across the northern part of this
continent, extending as far south as Ohio, Kansas, Missouri and Ne-
braska.

The following varieties are based on the differences in elytral orna-
mentation :

Elytra immaculate, Mass., Maine unnamed.

Elytra immaculate or with two faint spots, Vancouver and California' ( Ohio ?)

melanopleura Lee.
Elytra with two distinct spots or with one of them faint, Canada and Mass., Mo.

ophthalmica Muh.

Elytra with two bands. Wis. and Mass disjuncta /\and.

Elytra with a median band broken and a subapical transverse spot, Colorado.

ornatella Csy.

The localities stated for these varieties are taken from my own col-
lection only and are therefore incomplete. I have not placed hyper-
borea Payk.; it is cited by Crotch as a synonym oi frigida. Crotch
uses barda Lee. for the first variety erroneously, this being a synonym
of C. Juliana.
3063. A. annectans Crutch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1873, p. 371.

Oval, black ; tibiae, antennce and mouth pale reddish ; head with two white spots
bordering the eyes; thorax short, yellowish-white, with a lateral dot and a discoidal
M-shaped mark black (this design is variable) ; elytra reddish-yellow with a common
scutellar spot (sometimes bilobed) and each with seven others black ; two small near
the base (the outer one largest), three across the middle (the outer smallest), two
before the apex ; elytral pattern very variable, the .spots sometimes connected, forming
irregular bands ; elytra punctate ; metacoxal plates somewhat angular postero-exter-
nally. Length, 4-4.5 mm. = .16-. 18 inch.

Occurs in Colorado, New Mexico and California and is closely
allied with the preceding.

196 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

The following varieties have been described :

Submarginal spot of thorax isolated or nearly so ;

Elytral spots entirely disconnected, Cal Ovipentlis Csy..

Submarginal spot of thorax broadly amalgamated with the central black design ;

Elytral spots connected to form bands, N. Mex transversalis Csy.

It seems to me probable that still other variations in the elytral
markings may be found so as to form a complete series connecting this
and the preceding species ; but with the material before me they ap-
pear sufficiently distinct to remain as species for the present.

. A. humeralis Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., IV, p. 95.

Oval, black ; head with two reddish spots ; thorax with narrow apical and lateral
margins reddish-yellow ; elytra with subquadrate humeral blotch red and a round spot
behind the middle also red (sometimes lacking). The elytra have also a very fine
yellow side margin not always evident ; metacoxal plates parabolic, extending nearly
to apical third. Length, 4-5 mm. =; .16-.20 inch.

Widely distributed but rare in collections : Canada, Nova Scotia,
Massachusetts, New York, Middle and Western States, Nebraska, New
Mexico, Arizona, Utah, California.

3068. A. ludovicae Mids., Mon., p. 36.

" Head and thorax whitish, that black posteriorly, this with five black spots;
elytra red, disk with a large black dot ; ventral segments and legs orange, those
black on the middle. Length, 3 mm. ^1.25 inch.

" North American (Felix)."

This description, quoted by Crotch, has not been identified by
Major Casey ; it is possibly a mistake to include the name longer in
our lists.

Agrabia Casey.

3070. A. cyanoptera Muh., 1851, Spec, p. 82.

Oval, moderately convex, pale rufo-testaceous above and beneath, except the
elytra which are bright blue, sometimes with a feeble greenish tinge, the side mar-
gins very narrowly testaceous from the humeral angles to apical four fifths, where the
pale margin is inwardly dilated, forming an elongate, internally arcuate spot, which
narrows and disappears completely very near the sutural angles ; punctures strong and
rather close-set, somewhat unequal. Length, 5.5 mm. = .22 inch.

Occurs in Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona. Rare in collections.

Coccinella Linn.
May be divided into subgenera as follows :

Thorax with sub(juadrate pale spots at apical angles, sometimes also with apical mar-
gin pale Coccinella.

Thorax black, variegated with pale markings or yellow with black spots.

Dec, 1903.] Leng : North American Cocci xellid.*;. 197

Body some wlia t depressed Neohar mon ia .

Body convex ;

Mesosternum truncate anteriorly Cycloneda.

Mesosternum broadly and rather feebly sinuate Olla.

These subgenera are supported by other characters for which the
reader is referred to Major Casey's " Revision." They are used here
as a convenient division of the genus Coccinella.

Subgenus Coccinella.

All the species are similarly marked on the prothorax, viz.: a
quadrate white spot in each apical angle. The apical margin is more
or less white, varying according to the species. The head is also more
or less white. By the variation in the elytral markings the species
may be separated as follows :

A. Body larger, 5-7 mm.;

Elytra normally nine-spotted 9=-notata.

Elytra normally with five large marks, the median being an oblique band.

monticola.

Elytra normally with subbasal hand and four spots transversoguttata.

Elytra normally immaculate californica.

B. Body smaller, 4-5 mm.;

Elytra normally with three bands trifasciata.

Elytra with subbasal band, tricuspid in front and two spots tricuspis.

Arranging the species by the markings of the head and thora.x the
same result follows :

Head white in front ; thorax with pale apical margin ; suture of elytra narrowly
black; elytral markings usually consisting of nine spots but variable ; meso and

meta-epimera white 9-notata.

Head with two white spots in front ; thorax without pale apical margin; suture of
elytra never black ; me.so-epimera white.

Elytral markings tending to form transverse bands transversoguttata.

Elytral markings heavy, oblique monticola.

Elytra immaculate californica.

Body smaller ; head with two spots or entirely pale ; thorax with pale apical margin
usually broad ; suture of elytra never black ; me.so and meta-epimera white.
Elytral markings, when complete, three bands, varying to immaculate.

trifasciata.
Elytra with subbasal band tricuspid in front and two spots tricuspis.

The differences that separate monticola and californica from trans-
versoguttata are no greater than those existing between the varieties of
trifasciata, but they are a little more constant and are supported by
geographical distribution indicating former geographic races that have
now become permanent species. I believe that ultimately subversa

198 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Lee, now regarded as a variety of trifasciata, may become equally
established as a definite species.

The expression "normally" is used because great variation in
marking is liable to occur, as will be explained in dealing with each
species.

3058. C. 9-notata Herbst, Kafer, V, 1793, p. 269.

Hemispherical, black, alutaceous, very obsoletely punctulate ; meso- and meta-
epimera white ; elytra orange with a common sutural spot, one on the callus, one
small near the margin (sometimes connected with the preceding), one large discoidal
and one subapical, black ; suture of elytra very narrowly black ; head pale, pos-
teriorly margined with black ; apical margin of thorax white. Length, 5-5-7-0 mm.
= .22-. 28 inch. ,

Occurs in the Atlantic region, and west to Oregon. Four speci-
mens taken at Dilley, Ore., by Miss Dennis. The following varieties
have been described :•_
3058a. Var. franciscana Muh.. 1853, Opus. Ent., Ill, p. 19.

Elytra spotless. — Occurs in Mexico and should be dropped from
our list. Major Casey places this name as a synonym of californica
which view would also drop the name from our list.

. Var. degener Casey, 1. c, 1899, p. 88.

" Elytral spots very small and feebly developed, the subhumeral and posthumerat
reduced to small points, the juxta-sutural transversely linear and much smaller than
the transverse subapical, which is the largest ; coloration as in g-notata, the body
smaller." Length, 4.7-6.3 mm. z=.i8-.25 inch.

Occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado.

One specimen from Nebraska in which the posterior spots are
obliterated is included under this name.

3060. C. monticola Muls., 1851, Spec, p. 115. \_Iacustris Lee]

Hemispherical, black, alutaceous, very obsoletely punctulate ; meso-epimera
only white ; elytra orange with a large scutellar spot, and each with a broad oblique
medial fascia, and a shorter subapical one, black ; suture of the elytra never black ;
apical margin of thorax not white ; head with two pale spots. Length, 6-7 mm. =
.24-. 28 inch.

Occurs in Lake Superior, Oregon, Vancouver, Colorado and Cali-
fornia (Tallac and Kern Co. ) .

The following variety has been described.

. Var. SUturalis Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 89.

" Body more narrowly oval than usual in this group and very much less convex,,
the pronotum finely but strongly and closely punctured, with the pale spot at the
apical angles small and subquadrate ; elytra with an even oblique band just before the
middle, terminating at equal distances from the suture and margin, and also with a

Dec, 1903.] LeNG : NORIH A.MKRICAM CoCCINELLID,4=;. 199

short transverse spot at apical fourth or fifth ; subhunieral spot completely obsolete
the punctures rather strong and close set.

'■'■ Elytral sulttre broadly black from the rhomboidal scutellar spot to the apex,
toward which the vitta is noticeably broader. Length, 5.7 mm. = .23 inch."

Occurs in Colorado.

I have not seen this variety — Italics in the description quoted
above are mine.

3059. C. transverso^uttata FahL, 1835, Mem. Ac. Petr., II, p. 454. [j-

notata Kirby.]

Hemispherical, black, alutaceous, very obsoletely punctulate ; meso-epimera only
white ; elytra orange with a subbasal common fascia, a transverse medial spot near
the suture and another towards the apex near the margin, black ; suture of the elytra
never black ; apical margin of thorax not white ; head with two pale spots. The
elytral markings subject to much variation. Length, 6-7.5 '""^- = •24-- 30 inch.

Occurs over a wide range, Massachusetts, Ontario, Colorado, Utah^
Wyoming, Idaho, Kansas, Hudson's Bay Territory, California, Oregon
and Siberia.

The following varieties have been described :

30593. Var. nugatoria Muls., 1851, Spec, p. 102 1.

Basal band reduced to scutellar spots and two subhumeral spots.

The name transversalis used in the check list is preoccupied.

Occurs in Utah and Colorado.

3061. Var. prolongata 6>., 1873, 1. c, p. 371.

"Very like 6". ^-nolata (^ = Iransversoguttata'), and intermediate between it and
C. monticola, punctuation more obsolete (much as in C. g-ttotata) ; elytra as in the
y&nety l>a>is2'ersa lis {^= nugatoria), the humeral spot never present, but often with
a small submarginal spot beyond the medial one (one even with a medial fascia).
Length, .27-. 29 inch. Utah, Kansas, California.

" This differs from the others by the anterior angles of the thorax, the white spot
is prolonged acutely on the disc, and the margin is often nanowly white."

Basal band reduced to scutellar spot ; medial spot extending nearly across the
elytra, complete or broken, suture not black.

. Var. impressa Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 89.

" Scutellar spot large, transversely suboval or elliptical, the subhumeral always
wanting ; suture never black ; pronotum polished, the minute punctures well sepa-
rated, the pale spot at the apical angles moderate in size and subquadrate ; elytra each
with a long oblique .spot just before the middle and another shorter near the apex ;
submedian oblique fascia tending to disintegrate into an outer, smaller and inner and
larger spot ; body more broadly oval, polished, strongly punctured toward the sides
of the elytra, the impression along the side margin of the pronotum extending arcu-
ately inward just before the middle, disappearing at some distance from the edge ;
inner part of the abdominal plates acutely angulate behind. Length, 6.4 mm. ; width,
5 o mm. California."

200 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi, xi.

. Var. alutacea Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 89.

" Scutellar spot large, transversely suboval or elliptical, the subhumeral always
wanting; suture never black; pronotum strongly alutaceous, the minute punctures
deep and close-set, the pale spot at the apical angles large, extending to basal third ;
body oval, very strongly convex, the elytra dull, finely and feebly punctate, each with
a transverse spot at the middle as in ^-iiotuia {(ransversogiitta/a), and a small
rounded spot near the margin and somewhat more anterior, the two sometimes sub-
iunited, the subapical transverse spot nearer the margin than the suture. Length, 6.7
imm.; width, 5.2 mm. New Mexico."

3059b. Var. californica Mann., 1843, Bull. Mosc. , II, p. 312.

Closely resembles the preceding and differs by the immaculate elytra. Major
Casey mentions a rare spotted form, but all that I have seen are readily assigned to
g-notafa. Length, 6-7.5 ™™- = -24-. 30 inch.

Occurs in California, Oregon and Washington.

3056. Var. trifasciata Linn., 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X, p. 365. \J)erplexa Mith.'\
Hemispherical, black, punctulate ; thorax at the anterior angles with a quadrate

white spot above and below and the anterior margin white ; elytra orange with three
fascije black, one subbasal, common, the others medial and subapical, abbreviated at
both ends ; head $ entirely white in front ; 9 with two white spots ; meso- and meta-
epimera white. Length, 4.5-5 mm. ^ .22-. 25 inch.

Occurs throughout the northern United States and Canada. The
following varieties occur :

3056a. Var. Juliana Muh., 1856, Opusc. Ent., VII, p. 135.
Elytra with the basal band only.

Occurs in Oregon and California (northern and middle coast
regions) \_barda\.^c.'\.
3056b. Var. subversa Lee, 1854, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., p. 19.

Elytra usually immaculate but indications of all the normal mark-
ings of the species are liable to rarely occur. I am indebted to Miss
Florence Dennis, of Dilley, Ore., for a large number of this variety.

3057. C. difficilis 6>. , 1873, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, p. 370.

Elytral markings reduced to scutellar spot, one or two medial spots, small and a
large subapical spot.

Occur in Utah and Colorado.

. Var. eugenii Muh., 1866, Mon., p. 95.

Basal band divided, other bands entire.

Occurs in California (Tallac and Siskiyou.)

Besides the described varieties of trifasciata, many other variations
in the elytral markings will be found on the Pacific coast where the
greatest instability seems to exist. Doubtful forms should be called
sulfversa, that being the earliest described variety.

Dec. 1903.J Lexg : North Amkricax Cocci NELLiD.t. 201

. Var. nevadica Cusiy, 1899, 1. c , p. 88.

" Scutellar spot small and oblong or rhoniboidal ; pronotum without a pale apical
margin ; elytral suture not at all darker in color ; body broadly oval, strongly convex,
the pronotum black with a subciuadrale pale spot at each apical angle, the punctures
fine and unusually close-set, giving a feebly alutaceous luster ; elytra immaculate,
except a small black scutellar spot flanked at each side by a pale spot at the basal
margin, the punctures fine and rather close-set, becoming quite strong laterally;
abdominal plates strongly defined, broadly ogival in form internally. Length, 5.8
mm.; width, 4.5 mm. Nevada (Reno)."

Major Casey places this variety near g-uotata, but on accoiuit of
the absence of sutural darkening and pale apical margin of pronotum
it seems to belong with j-/asciafa.

3062. C. tricuspis Kirby, 1837, Faun. IJor. Am., IV, p. 231.

Elytra strongly punctulate, shining; black, ovate, less convex, thorax with the
anterior angles triangularly whitish ; elytra orange with a common black subbasal
fascia, tridentate in front, and each with a triangular subapical spot black. Length,
4 mm. = .20 inch.

Occurs in Hudson's Bay Territory, Canada, Lake Superior, Kansas,
Siberia, Michigan. Rare in collections.

C. menetriesi Muh., 1851, Spec, p. 104.

This species, y?</^ Crotch, is not rare in parts of Siberia, Mongolia,
Persia and Egypt, but though described from California, there is no
other record of its occurrence in our territory. The name should be
dropped. I add the description however to aid in identification in
case it should be found.

Oval ; prothorax black, sides bordered with yellowish-while more broadly in front;
elytra orange, paler at the sides of the scutellum, sometimes immaculate, usually with
a common scutellar black obcordiform spot and five others on each, arranged as
follows : one on the callus, small, one at two sevenths submarginal large, oval and
transverse, one subsutural at three sevenths also large, one submarginal at two thirds,
one subsutural at three fourths ; the four spots forming two oblique pairs, the outer
spots being nearer the base than the inner; epimera white. Length, 4 5-5.6 mm.
^ .18-. 22 inch.

Occurs in Russian Asia (and California? ).

Cited by Gemminger and Harold as a variety of undecintpunctata L.

Subgenus Neoharmonia Casey.

Separated from Coccinella by the form and ornamentation of the
body, more broadly reflexed side margins, more depressed surface
and emarginate mesosternum. The i)unctuation also is distinct.

Includes Coccinella affinis Rand., and its variety venusta Muls.
(3055 and 3055a of check list) and the Mexican species ampla. The

202 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

name affinis was cited in error by Crotch, being a synonym of Hyper-
aspis hinotata and disappears entirely. Major Casey regards the
variety as a valid species so that we have three species :

. N. venusta Mehh., 1846, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., Ill, p. 178.

Broadly rounded, feebly convex ; head black, yellow along the eyes ; pronotum
pale, with a large oblique black fascia at each side and two approximate median
spots, sometimes united with basal fasciae ; elytra pale yellow or reddish, each with
two large subbasal black spots, another near the margin before the middle, also a
large spot near the margin at apical fourth united with a common sutural vitta, also
with a rounded spot before the middle and near the suture, prolonged obliquely for-
ward ; under surface and legs blackish. Length, 6 mm. = .24 inch.

Occurs in Indiana, Arkansas, Kansas and Louisiana.

. N. notulata Muh., 1851, Spec, p. 83.

Similar to the preceding, but black above and beneath ; pronotum with wide ob-
lique pale border narrower toward the base ; elytra each with a transverse pale or red-
dish fascia of irregular design. Length, 5-6 mm. ^.20-. 24 inch.

Occurs in Louisiana.

The relation between these two species remains doubtful from
lack of sufficient material.

. N. ampla Muh., 1851, Spec, p. 82.

Similar to venusta ; pronotum with two black longitudinal vittre each side of the
middle ; elytra with two black spots near the base, three spots at two fifths and two
blotches at four fifths ; the marks on pronotum sometimes confluent. Length, 5-6
mm. =.20-. 24 inch.

Occurs at Brownsville, Texas (Mr. Charles Schaeffer), and in
Mexico. It will be figured in a subsequent number.

Subgenus Cycloneda Crotch.

3064. C. sanguinea Linn., 1763, Amoen. Acad., VI, p. 393.

Black, alutaceous, finely punctulate, thorax with the front, sides and hind angles
bordered with white, the front margin gives off three white branches, the lateral ones
sometimes reaching the base ; elytra bright red, spotless ; $ , head white in front ;
prosternum and meso-epimera white ; 9 > head with two white spots, body black ;
tibial spurs short and weak, metasternum margined, form convex ; thorax rather
broadly reflexed, metacoxal line following the apical margin of the ventral segment
but distinct from it, epipleurae of elytra concave. Length, 4-6 mm. = .16-. 24 inch.

Occurs in North and South America, abundant.
The following varieties have been described :

Sublateral pale spot of thorax isolated.

Elytra generally luteo-flavate immaculata.

Elytra deep and bright scarlet rubripennis.

Dec, 1903 ] Leng : North American Coccinellid.^'. 203

Sublateral pale spot of thorax united to the pale apex ; body smaller.

Elytra luteo-tlavate munda.

Elytra generally bright scarlet polita,

. Var. immaculata Fab., 1792, Ent. Syst., I, i, p. 267.

Pronotum black, with a narrow pale side margin extending with equal width
posteriorly and internally along the base, terminating abruptly at about lateral sixth
and sometimes extending more narrowly along the median parts of the apex, also with
an isolated small pale spot at the middle of the length and lateral fourth ; body broadly
oval but distinctly longer than wide, the marginal bead of the elytra not or only slightly
darker ; metacoxal plates devoid of any trace of an oblique line ; elytra generally luteo-
flavate, without distinct paler spaces at the sides of the scutellum ; pronotum of the
female generally with the apical margin narrowly pale, usually subinterrupted at the
middle and not posteriorly spurred. Length, 5.7-6.0 mm. = .23-. 24 inch.

Occurs in Florida, Georgia and Louisiana.

This is a well-marked race and probably exists in all collections
possessing southern specimens.

. Var. rubripennis Casey, 1899, I. c.,p. 92.

Elytra deep and bright scarlet, with a short transverse paler spot at each side of
the scutellum which is black as usual ; pronotum relatively narrower than in vnmactt-
lata and rather more strongly roimded at base, the median length relatively greater
when compared with the sides, having a narrow apical margin with narrow parallel
posterior prolongation pale in the male, the female interruptedly margined with paler
and without a medial spur. Otherwise as in preceding. Length, 4.4-5.8 mm. =
.18-. 23 inch.

Occurs at Brownsville, Texas, in Colorado, and in southern Cali-
fornia. This is also a well-marked race. The original description of
rubripennis is copied from Major Casey's paper, as well as his descrip-
tion of immaculata, so that the reader may follow his exact words.

. Var. munda Say, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, p. 202.

Pronotum as in preceding, except that the apical margin is broadly pale, with a
posterior medial spur short and triangular, and the sublateral pale spot is united to the
pale apex, but does not join the basal pale area ; body more elongate-oval, the elytra
luteo-flavate, with more narrowly reflexed margins, which are always paler. Length,
4-5 mm. = .16-. 20 inch.

Occurs in the Atlantic and Middle States.

This is the common form of sanguinea with us i the East.

. Var. polita Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 93.

Pronotum as in preceding except that the sublateral spur is longer, frequently
joining the basal pale border so as to leave a black spot isolated ; medial spur long
and narrow, gradually acuminate and extending to or beyond the middle of the
disk ; body smaller and rather more rounded, the elytra generally bright scarlet and
with almost completely obsolete punctures, occasionally yellow and in a northern
example, with more distinct punctuation. Length, 3.8-4.7 mm. =- .15-. 19 inch.

204 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Occurs in California, Washington, British Columbia, Idaho,
Oregon, Vancouver.

This is the extreme northwestern form of the species.

The species hondurasica, Hmbiter and ater described in Major
Casey's paper should not be included in our lists, two being from out-
side our limits and one, ater, from an unrecorded locality. The
description of the last is as follows :

" Pronotum completely black ; body broadly rounded and rather less convex,
shining deep black throughout above and beneath, the sides of the prothorax rather
less arcuate, and the basal angles more narrowly rounded ; elytral punctures much
larger and more distinct than usual, but sparse. Length, 4.3 mm. ; width, 35 mm."

Unique type found in I^evette Cabinet but had no label attached.
Subgenus Olla Casey.

3065. O. OCUlata Fab., 1792, Ent. Sysl., I, p. 287.

Black, alutaceous, very obsoletely and finely punctulate ; abdomen red, epimera
white ; elytra each with an irregular red discoidal spot before the middle ; thorax with
the apical margin and sides white ; head white in front in male.

Length, 4-5.5 mm. = . 1 6-. 2 2 inch.

The original description of Fabricius is incorrect, in describing a
larger round white spot on each side the thorax, as pointed out by
Major Casey but clearly refers to this insect.

Occurs in Southern States and Mexico, North Carolina to Cali-
fornia.

Major Casey discards the name oculata for this species and divides
it into three varieties which seem in my series too inconstant to con-
sider well defined. They differ as follows :

. Var. plagiata Casey.

Apical margin of thorax not white ; elytral spot irregularly transverse, emarginate
internally at apex and externally at base.

Type Locality : Texas, Arizona and California.
Many Texan specimens however have the pale apical thoracic
margin.

. Var. SObrina Casey.

Apical margin of thorax pale and with a median spur pale ; elytral spot triangu-
lar externally truncate, inner angle rounded.

Type Locality : Florida.

. Var. fenestralis Casey.

Apical margin of thorax not pale, pale lateral margin incomplete ; elytral spot
semicircular, base straight.

Dec , 1903] Leng : North American Coccinellid.'e. 205

Type Locality : Las ^'egas, New Mexico.

I have not seen this form, which maybe an individual variation of
J>iagiata.

3065a. O. abdominalis Say, 1S24, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liil., IV, p. 95.

Entirely pale ochreous, thorax with seven black dots, five discoidal (forming
an M-like mark), two lateral ; elytra each with eight black dots, four subbasal, three
medial, one submarginal before the apex ; broadly oval and strongly convex, very
finely and obsoletely punctulate, side margins of elytra quite broadly retlexed ; under
surface and legs pale. Length, 4.25-5.25 mm. :=.I7-. 21 inch.

Occurs from Indiana to Texas, Arizona and California.

There is little variation in this species ; Crotch describes a form
with a large black triangular mark in the posterior half of the elytra
which I have not seen ; several specimens in my collection lack part
of the elytral spots.

There is no apparent reason for classing this as a variety of the
preceding. The name Sijvi Crotch, List Coccinellid^, 1S71, p. 6, is
synonymous.

Harmon ia Mulsaiit.

Metacoxal plates only partially divided, the oblique line feeble or
lacking.

3069. H. picta Randall, 1838, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 51.

Oval, rather depressed ; black, legs orange ; head yellow with two interrupted
frontal vittce black ; thorax punctulate, very short, spotted with yellow and very
variable, two approximate spots at middle of base always present, sometimes united ;
elytra variable, closely and distinctly punctate ; underside black, prosternum and
epipleuroe yellow, episternum black ; mesosternum and three side pieces yellow ;
metasternum black, episternum and epimera yellow.

The elytra are yellow, without spots in the male, more or less variegated with
black in the female which sex is apparently the more abundant. Length, 3. 5-5.0
mm. ^.15-. 20 inch.

The name contexta Muls. applies to the female in which the black
color forms two transverse bands sublaterally connected ; the name
conciiniata Muls. applies to those females in which the elytra are almost
wholly black.

Occurs throughout the northern part of our territory and probably
wherever pine is found. It attacks aphids living on that tree.

The following varieties have been described :

. Var. minor Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 95.

.Sublateral spot of pronotum feebler and usually disintegrated ; body smaller,
slightly feebler punctures, dark design of elytra paler in color and less developed, ex,-

206 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi.

ternal spot near the posterior extremity of the vitta frequently prolonged irregularly to
the side margin. Length, 3.7-3-9 mm. = .15-. i6 inch.

Occurs in California and Vancouver.

. Var. hudSOnica Casey, 1899, 1. c., p. 95.

Pronotum relatively smaller and with the black design more irregular, with a few
black points at the middle of each side of the apex in addition ; elytral design less
developed, consisting of a fine straight vitta from the callus to the middle at apical
fourth, where it is slightly dilated internally, each also with a small elongate dark
spot near the vitta internally at two fifths, and another at three fifths from the base at
the lateral margin and remote from the vitta. Length, 4 mm. = . 16 inch.

Occurs in Hudson's Bay Territory and White Mountains of New
Hampshire.

Anisocaivia Crotch.

Metacoxal plate not divided, ventral line continued along the posterior margin of
first segment; thorax black, front and side margin usually pale, also a median line
more or less complete.

Elytra dark with or without pale spots 14-guttata.

Elytra pale with eleven large rounded or oval black spots 12 -maculata.

3071. A. quatrodecimguttata Linn., 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X, p. 367.

$ . Black, legs and sides of ventral segments broadly orange ; head orange ;
thorax black, front margin, side margin, medial line, spot near posterior angle orange,
distinctly punctate ; elytra dark, brown or nearly black, each with seven pale rounded
spots, one near the scutellum, three across before the middle, two across behind the
middle and one before the apex, reflexed margin pale throughout. Length, 5-5-3 ^n^-
= .20-. 22 inch.

Occurs throughout our northern states to British Columbia, White
Mts., Adirondacks, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and Minnesota.

The female differs remarkably from the male and varies, the varia-
tions having led to the following names being proposed for its forms.

. Var. cardisce Rand., 1838, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 32.

Thorax black with narrow apical and lateral margin and median line pale ; elytra
black with reflexed side margin pale.
3071a. Var. similis Rand., 1832, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 58.

Thorax as in preceding, the median line abbreviated or lacking, the apical and
lateral margins abbreviated ; elytra black with an irregular triangular red blotch.

. Var. victoriana Casey, 1899, 1. c. , p. 96.

Thorax with narrow apical and lateral pale margin and abbreviated medial pale
line ; elytra black with pale side margin toward apex only and a rounded discal pale
spot near the suture behind the middle.

In addition to these variations I have seen females in which the
pale spots of the males are partly reproduced in conjunction with the
characteristic female blotch.

Dec, 1903] Leng : North American Cocctnellid.«. 207

Major Casey does not consider our species identical with the Euro-
pean/^-^j^v^/ArA? (see this Journal, Vol. VII, p. 96) ; but the differences
he names are not constant in the specimens before me and I prefer to
adhere to the name used in the check list.
3071b. S. hesperica Cr.

This name must be dropped. The description is too imperfect
for recognition.
3072. A. 12=maculata Gebl., 1832, Nouv. Mem. INIosc, II, p. 76. \_iHcaniata

Kirby.]

Convex, subhemispherical, black ; head black, clypeus in front, labrum and the
border of the eyes testaceous ; thorax and elytra distinctly and closely punctate with
their epipleura testaceous (or pinkish-white alive) and marked with black; tibis,
tarsi, sides of ventral and the whole of the anal segments testaceous ; thorax with
two large black discoidal marks, leaving only a thin marginal and medial line pale ;
elytra with two common (one subscutellar, one toward the apex) and five other spots
black (one subbasal, two rounded almost contiguous medial, one on the apical third,
one triangular apical). Length, 5-5.5 mm. =^ .20-. 22 inch.

Occurs at Lake Superior, Hudson's Bay, Siberia, British Columbia.
The following variety has been described :

. Van elliptica Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 97.

Smaller and more broadly oval, prothorax relatively smaller, sides much more
strongly convergent, basal angles more broadly rounded, punctures finer and sparser ;
elytral spots much larger and narrowly separated, the two transversely placed at the
middle, generally confluent. Leogth, 4 mm. =.20 inch.

Occurs at Hudson's Bay.

Anatis Mulsant.

- Metacoxal plate not divided, ventral line effaced externally ; presternum com-
pressed in front, process broad, prominent at apical margin ; elytra ( 9 ) '^^'^ small
sutural tomentose patch near apex ; thorax with pale sides and usually two basal pale
spots.

3075. A. quindecimpunctata Oliv., 1808, Ent., VI, p. 1027, t. 6, f. 83. {labim-

lata Say.]

Very broad, rather convex, black ; head black, punctate, eyes emarginate by the
yellow antenniferous tubercles and two triangular spots on the front yellow ; thorax
and apical half of epipleura yellowish-white, posterior angles obtuse, alutaceous, finely
and closely punctulate, marked with a N-like discoidal spot and a lateral dot black ;
elytra yellow or reddish-brown alutaceous, closely and decidedly unequally punc-
tulate ; sides somewhat explanate, margin itself thickly reflexed, with a row of deeper
punctures ; legs, sides and apices of ventral segments orange ; meso- and meta-
epimera white ; elytra each with eight black spots, one scutellar, one on the callus,
three forming a medial fascia, and three a subapical fascia. Length, 6.5-9.0 mm.
= .26-. 36 inch.

Occurs throughout the Atlantic region.

208 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xi.

The larva is black, variegated with yellow, of the same form as
other Coccinellid larvae, but much larger, measuring five eighths inch
when full grown.

Major Casey recognizes the following, heretofore considered a
synonym as a valid species. I would rather cite it as a variety.

. Var. mail Say, 1824, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., IV, p. 93.

Elytral spots all surrounded by a broad pale border, the ground tint red brown ;
the submarginal spot at two fifths geminate ; the apical margin of thorax pale through-
out, not interrupted as in ij-piinctata. Length, 8-10 mm. =: .32-. 40 inch.

Occurs in Indiana, Wisconsin, Idaho.

3076. A. rathvoni Lee, 1852, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., VI, p. 132.

Elytra decidedly rhomboidal, scarcely as long as wide, strongly dilated at two
fifths, where there is a small marginal spot ; remainder immaculate or with a few of
the spots of the preceding species, the punctures much smaller and nearly equal ;
basal spots of pronotum large, much extended antero-externally, sometimes even unit-
ing with the lateral pale area and broadly united at base ; pale apical margin transverse.
Length, 8.3 mm. =:= .^t, inch.

Occurs in California and Oregon.

The following variety has been described :

. Var. lecontei Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 98.

Elytra very broadly rounded or subrhomboidal, slightly more dilated at two
fifths, scarcely as long as wide, the punctures strong, bright brownish-red, immaculate
entire limb deep black ; pronotum black with a broad yellow vitta extending from base
to apex, slightly distant from side margin which it joins at apical angle, also with two
small pale spots at middle of base sometimes lacking ; head black with a small yellow
spot beside the eye ; legs and beneath black, epipleurae black in external and red in
internal half their width from base to apex. Length, 8.7-10 mm. ^ .35-. 40 inch.

Occurs in New Mexico and Colorado.

Probably more abundant in collections than the typical form.

Neomysia Casey.
Replaces Mysia from which it differs in the more narrowly re-
flexed margins, very fine punctuation and polished surface.
The species may be separated as follows ;

Pronotum pale with trapezoidal black space ; elytra interruptedly vittate.

subvittata.
Pronotum pale with trapezoidal dark or black space, also with sublateral black sjiot.

pullata.
Pronotum pale with nubilous brown spots hornii.

The elytra are feebly or irregularly vittate in some races of the last
two species but often immaculate.

Dec, 1903.] Leno : North American Coccinellid.b. 209

3077. N. subvittata Muh., 1851, Spec, p. 138.

Oval ; proiiotum black, sides pale, trapezoidal black space sometimes divided by
longitudinal pale line ; elytra pale with three interrupted black vittre, the external
vitta narrow, abbreviated at both ends, the middle vitta sometimes complete, united
with the interior at base and sometimes at middle, the last not reaching the apex ;
the union of the vittae always leaves a small pale spot each side the scutelluni and,
when complete, leaves also a pale spot before the middle; head dark, sometimes
partly pale; body beneath and legs pale in light-colored specimens, brownish in
others. Length, 6 mm. =-_ .24 inch.

Occurs in northern California to Vancouver.

The description of Mulsant was written from pale specimens.

N. inontana Casey is a dark form of the same species occurring in
Montana.

3073. N. pullata Say, 1825, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., V, p. 301.

(_)val, convex, black ; head with two frontal spots yellow ; thorax ( $ ) with broad
yellow side margins enclosing a black spot and with a yellow spot before the scutellum
(sometimes extended into a median yellow space) ; thorax ( 9 ) with dark area, pale
brown with blackish lateral edges ; elytra entirely pale or with irregular dorsal black
ill-defined vitta^ ; legs generally black, meso-epimera white, \_notans Rand. ] Length,
6-7 mm. := .24-. 28 inch.

Occurs in Canada, Middle and Southern States.
The following variety has been described :

. Var. randalli Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 99.

The elytral markings in this form are more completely developed and it leads
toward the Oregon form subvittata. The markings are : subsuturai vitta from base
for three fifths, broadly united at base with a short median vitta, a narrow external
vitta from one third to three fourths, and a broad median vitta from three fourths to
.seven eighths. A whitish basal spot each side of the scutellum. Length, 6.6 mm.
^ .26 inch.

Occurs at Lake Superior.

3074. N. hornii Crotch, 1873, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, p. 375.

Pronotum pale yellowish-brown with a feeble trace of two basal browner spots ;
elytra with three feeble incomplete pale brown vittse, the two inner uniting near the
apex and broader, the outer narrow and almost completely obsolete ; or entirely pale ;
thorax and elytra finely punctulate, alutaceous ; meso-epimera white. Length, 6-7
mm. =rr .24-. 28 inch.

Occurs in Oregon and California.

The following variety has been described :

. Var. interrupta Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 99.

Pronotum with two clouded basal spots and V-shaped spot before the middle ;
elytra yellow with three fine incomplete vitt.-e of pale brown. Length, 7 mm. = .28
inch.

Occurs in New Mexico, Colorado and Arizona.

210 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xi.

Psyllobora Chev.

Body small, convex, pale in color, spotted with a darker tint above ; mesosternum
truncate, claws with a large quadrate tooth internally at apex.

Our species are closely related and may be separated as follows :

Elytra without sutural common spots, suture pale ;

Each elytron with nine spots of uniform color some of which may be confluent.

20=maculata.

Each elytron with two basal spots and a large reniform discal spot renifer.

Each elytron with two or three basal spots and seven others variously confluent,

sometimes differing in color t£edata.

Elytra with two common sutural spots, the sutural margin narrowly black nana.

3078. P. 20=niaculata Say, 1824, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., IV, p. 96.

Small, rounded, convex ; pronotum finely but distinctly punctate, elytra strongly
and very closely punctured ; ochreous white, pronotum with five black spots, the
ante-scutellar spot small ; elytra with nine spots, two subbasal, two subsutural, three
submarginal, two discal, the latter often connected and sometimes joining the others
partly together ; sternum and middle of ventral segments black, epimera and part of
meta-episternum white. Length, 2.1-2.7 ™in. =.08-. 11 inch.

Occurs in Atlantic region.

The following varieties have been described :

. Var. Obsoleta Casey, 1899,1. c, p. loi.

The elytral spots are brown instead of black. Length, 2. 15 mm. = .086 inch.

Type Locality : Keokuk, Iowa.

With this I include all the specimens from the Middle West in
which the color is pale and the spots begin to suggest the Texan and
Californian forms. It seems to me at best a feebly differentiated race.

. Var. parvinotata Casty, 1899, 1. c, p. loi.

Ante-scutellar spot of pronotum obsolete ; elytral spots smaller and completely
isolated. Length, 1.9 mm. = .08 inch.

Occurs in Florida.

This variety appears incorrectly in many collections under the name
nana, which is described below.

. P. renifer Casey, 1899, 1. c, p. 102.

" Body very small, rounded, with very minute sparse punctures; pronotum sub-
impunctate, the five spots present but pale brown in color ; elytra very pale yellowish-
white, with brown markings consisting, on each, of two subbasal spots, the outer the
larger and with a lobe on the callus, a small faint subsutural cloud at one third, a
large bilobed discal spot extending from basal third to apical fifth, prolonged and
acuminate antero-externally and a large bilobed and less well-developed fine sub-
apical spot." Length, 1.6 mm. =: .065 inch.

Type locality, Brownsville, Texas.

Dec, 1903.] Leng : North American Coccineli.id.*:. 211

In my series of this species, the outer basal spot of the elytra is in
some cases nearly divided and there is also a lack of uniformity in the
form of the discal spot as well as some inequality in the depth of color.
Crotch mentioned this species as a variety but did not name it.

. P. tsedata Lee, 1857, Kep. Pac.*R. R. Exp., IX, p. 76.

Pronotum .subimpunctate ; elytra with impressed sparse punctures; pronotuni with
five spots more or less nubilate ; elytral spots very irregular, the outer subbasal usually
completely or partly divided, many of the spots frequently coalescent and pale brown.
Length, 1.9-2.6 mm. = .08-. 10 inch.

Occurs in Vancouver, Oregon, California.

The variability of the elytral markings has led to the description
of several species, all of which seem to me merely forms of ttedata
and not actually geographical races or subspecies. In the series I have
received from the Pacific coast all these forms came from the same
locality at one time. For cabinet arrangement these names may be
used if desired : borealis and separata for those with uniformly dark
spots, the first when the outer subbasal spot is partly divided, the
second when the division is complete ; tcedata and deficiens for those
with black spots mingled with pale brown spots, the first when tw^o
distinct dark submarginal spots are present, the second when these
are lacking.

P. nana Mtds., 1851, Spec, p. 181.

More narrowly oval, ante-scutellar spot of pronotum very small ; elytra very
minutely sparsely punctulate, with two common sutural spots at one third and two
thirds from base, the sutural margin narrowly black, also with eight other spots on
each, two basal, one large triangular discal, two submarginal, two subapical, one
small discal, variously united ; elytra pearly white in color. Length, 2.5 mm. ^= .10
inch.

Occurs in Cuba, Jamaica and Florida ; rare in collections.

Thallassa montezumae Muls., 1851, Spec, p. 512.

Body bluntly oval, convex, finely punctured ; dull metallic green above, head
with a small yellow spot ; antenna; yellowish, palpi green ; pronotum with anterior
angles narrowly yellow ; elytra each with a reddish irregular spot before the middle ;
beneath dull greenish- black, abdomen reddish-yellow, paler at the side, tarsi yellowish-
trochanters green. Length, 4.8 ram. = .19 mch.

Occurs in Arizona and Mexico.

This species is not rare in Mexico and has been found at Tucson
and Williams in Arizona. It may therefore be included in our list.

EXPL.\NATION OF PLATES XIV AND XV.
Represents the tribe Coccinellini. A, underside of Anatis i^-punttata, showing
metacoxal line on first ventral segment at a. B, various structures much enlarged :

212

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

a, tarsi (top view) showing form of second joint; b, tarsi (side view) second joint
apparently divided ; c, mandible ; d, palpus ; e, end view of last joint of palpus ;
/, antenna. C, half of first ventral segment showing form of metacoxal line (a) and
claw (3) of each genus in tribe Coccinellini. For Psyllobora the tarsus (c) also is
shown on account of the oblique termination of the first joint.

The remaining figures show crudely the markings of the species as follows, the
size being indicated by the line beside each figure :

Adalia bipunctata.

" frigid a.

" " var. ophthaltnica.

" " " melanopleura.

" " " disjunct a.

' ' atinectans.

" " var. transversalis.

" hiimeralis.
Agrabia cyanoptera.
Coccinella g-notata (eastern form).

9

lO

II

12

13

14

IS

16

17
18.

19

20,

21

22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

Miss Dennis at Dilley, Oregon

" (Oregon form).
tiioniicola.
transversogultata .

" var. nugatoria.

" " prolongata.

" " alutacea.

ailifornica.
trifasciata.

var. Juliana.
" subversa.

" " all drawn from the series collected by

The common form is that shown by Fig. 21.

27. Coccinella trifasciata var. eugenii.

28. " " " difficilis, 9.

29. " tricuspis.

30. JVeohartnonia (subgen.) venusta.

31. " notulata.

32. Cycloneda (subgen. ) sanguinea.

^l. a. var. viunda $ . b. var. iniinda, 9 , thorax and head.
lata, thorax and head. d. var. polita, thorax and head.
34. Olla (subgen.) oculata.
35 and 36. Olla (subgen.) abdoniinalis.

37. Harmonia picta $ .

38. " "9 form contexta.

39. " " 9 " concinnata.

40. " " var. minor.

41. " " " hudsonica.

42. Anisocalvia 14-guttata, $ .

c. var. tmmacu-

Dec, 1903 ]

Horn : CicixDELiD.t: of Mexico.

213

Anisocalvia i^-guttafa, 9 - form victoriatia.
Anatis i^-punctata.

" " dark form.

" " var. mali.

' ' rulhvoni.
" " var. Iticontei.

Neomysia pttllata.

" " var. (Ontario).

' ' hornii.
" subvittata.
Psyllobora 20-mactilata .

" " var. parviiiotata.

'* renifer.

" tcedata, form separata.

" " " borealis.

" " " tadata.

e following were omitted from the Plate IV, Vol. XI.
Hippodamia glacialis, usual form.

63. " " unusually dark form taken by Mr. Davis on Staten

Island, October 3.

Plate IV, Vol. XI, the right-hand figure of parenthesis represents an unusual
variety from Tallac, Cal.

LIST OF THE CICINDELIDiE OF MEXICO AND

ON THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE

SPECIES OF THE UNITED STATES.

By Walther Horn, M.D.,
Berlin, Gf.r.manv.

Cicindela schaefferi, sp. nov.

Cicindehi.' sinaknv Bat. similis, differt labro in medio ipso sat producto denteque
longo ornato ; oculis minus prominentibus ; ante sulcum basalem pronoto constricto,
angulis posticis minus prominentibus, margine antico in medio producto, basi evidentius
(subtiliter) transversim striolata, elytris magis parallelis, superiore lunulce apical is
parte non anticem versus inflexa sed rotundata, parte inferiore spinam versus incrassata,
disco punctis 2 (altero ante medium in ilia specie deficiente, altero pone medium ut in
P. sinaloa Bat. ) ornato, macula marginali media fere in puncta duo requalia disso-
luta, serie foveolarum juxta-suturalium (in tertia parte basali foveolis viridilibus I)
minus conspicuis. Long., 9 mm.

214 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

One female — the only specimen I know — was kindly given to
me by Mr. C. Schaeffer (Brooklyn), who had it in his collection
labelled "California?" I believe, to be sure, it comes from north
Mexico !

The pattern of the elytra resembles very much that of the European
Cicindela lunulata F., a humeral and an apical lunula, two marginal
spots (connected with each other) and two discoidal spots. The
coloration of the body and the shape of the tip of the elytra is like
that of Cicindela sinaloa Bat.

In 1897 I published, together with Mr. R. Becker and Mr. C. F.
Hoge (Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschr. ), a paper on the Mexican
CicindelidcC and their relationship to the species of the United States
and the tropical countries of Central America. I could not adopt
Bates' opinion that the Mexican fauna should belong to the neotropical
region, as 30 species (of the 80 Mexdcan Cicindelidae) occur in the
United States, but only 1 7 are to be found also south of Mexico. At the
same time I already stated that in future this proportion would still
change in favor of the North American species, as the extreme north
of Mexico and the extreme south of the United States were not yet
known sufficiently. Time has proved my opinion. One genus of the
United States {Amblychila) was discovered lately in Sonora. I de-
scribed Cicindelawick]iami{xo\\\%oVi\htx\\ Arizona and northern Mexico;
C. arizonensis, generally considered to be a variety of C. viridisticta
Bat., is a "good " species, and on the other hand, C. Juemorrhagica
Lee, is but a subspecies of C. cartliagcna Dej. ; C. {^pusilla Say
var. ) lunnlouga Schpp. occurs also in Lower California; C. flavo-
punctata Chev. was found near Nogales (Arizona !) ; Tetracha chevro-
lati Chd. — considered always a variety of T. infuscata Mann.,
belongs as a subspecies to I. Carolina L. ; Cicindela melania Bat., is
the same as C. viatica Chev. (var.) and C. ritteri is the same as
//^;/7/// Schpp. var., etc. As I am enabled now to correct some other
notes in my former paper (1897) I give herewith a new list of the
Cicindelidee of Mexico.

A. CICINDELIIX^E ALOCOSTERNALLL W. Horn, Ent. Nachr.,

1900, p. 214.

CtenOStOma Klug, Nov. Act, Acad. Leop., X, 1 82 1, p. 304.
Caris Fiscn., Gen., 1821, p. 98.
I. maculicorne CIuv., Rev. Mag. Z06I., 1856, p. 352.
iigina Hat., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 388.

Dec, 1903.J Horn : CiciNDELiD.t; of Mexico. 215

B. CICINDELID.E PLATYSTERNALI^ W. Horn, 1. c.

I. CiciNDELiD.f. Lac.

a. Etiryodini\\ . Horn, Ueutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1899, p. 37.
Hiresia Dej., Spec, V, 183, p. 206.
2. boucardi Chev., Rev. Mag. Z06I., 1862, p. 485.

Beckerium \V. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 164.
^ leptale Bat., Biol. Centr. Am., 1881, p. 15, pi. i, f. 23.

/'. Odontochiliiii '^ . Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1899, p. 37.
Odontochila Cast., Silb. Rev., 1834, p. 34.

4. mexicana Cast., Et. Entom., 1834-35, p. 38.

;//VAi/ (Ji'KR., Rev. ZouL, 1844, p. 254.

5. quadrina Chiyv., Col. Mex., 1835, II, p. 176.

priiuc-ps Dup., i. 1., Dej., Cat., Ill, p. 2.
ttt-Jeani CwF.x. (olim), Dej., Cat., Ill, p. 2.

c. Cicinde/ini W. HoRN, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1899, p. 37.
Cicindela Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 1735, p. 657.

Group I. Malis iitidis, /route pilosa.

6. Iatesig;nata Lee, Ann. Lye. N. V., V, 1851, p. 172.

7. oregona I.ec., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, XI, 1856, p. 41.

i;i/t/!f,-ra Li'X., 1. C, p. 42.

8. hirticollis .SVy var. ponderosa T/iom., A.xc. Nat., 1859, p. 89.

9. scutellaris Say* var. unicolor Dej., Spec, I, 1825, p. 52.

10. pimeriana Lee, Proc Ac. Nat. Sc Phil., 1866, p. 363.

T/a/ira Lfx., Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, XI, 1856, p. 62.

Group. II. Malis fronteque niidis, disco et tnarginibiis antico posticoque protJioracis
midis [antennis nninqtiani pilis longissimis oruatis).

11. chrysippe Bat., Biol. Cent. Amer., I, Suppl., 1884, p. 257, pi. 13, f. 2.

12. hoegei />'.?/., 1. c, I, p. 6, pi. 1, f. 5.

13. smaragdina Chev., Col. Mex., VIII, 1835, No. 179.

14. ioessa Bat., Biol. Cent. Amer., I, 1S81, p. 5.

15. beckeri I/oege, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 185 ; \V. Horn, Deutsch.

Knt. Zeitschr., 1902, p. 231.

16. lugens A'tng, Jahrb., I, p. 34.
aberr. aterrima Alng., 1. c.

(■ar/>oii,!ri(! CuKV., Col. Mex., p. 128.

17. nigroccerulea Lee., Ann. Lye, N. Y., IV, 1848, p. 181, pi. 14, f. 9.

18. enthales Bat., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1882, p. 319.

19. viatica Chev., Col. Mex., No. 180.

melania V>.M\., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 495 ; W. Horn, Deutsch.
Ent. Zeitschr., 1 898, p. 193.
aberr. nigrilabris B.\t., 1. c, p. 495.
aberr. nigra Cuaud., i. 1. Cat. Coll., p. 35.

* Not yet undoubtedly proved, that it occurs in Mexico.

216 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xi.

20. hornii Schpp., Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc, VI, p. 88.

anthraciiia G. HoRN, Tran. Am. Ent. Soc, 1880, VIII, p. 139.
aberr. ritteri Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 496, pi. 16, f. 2; W.
Horn, Ent. Nach., 1900, p. 116.

21. scotina Bnt., 1. c, p. 494.

aberr. chloris Hoege, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr. , 1897, p. 168.

22. luteolineata Cluv., Rev. Mag. Zool., 1856, p. 351.

/lam inula Thms. , Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1856, p. 326, pi. 8, f. 5.
32. craveri Thms., Rev. Mag. Zool., 1856, p. 528.

24. obsoleta Say, et varietates.*

I subsp. latemaculata Becker, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 169.

II subsp. juvenilis W. Horn, 1. c, p. 169.

III subsp. santaclarae Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 493.

The Mexican specimens of this race are beautifully green, or
brownish or black. The specimens from the United States (New Mex-
ico) are very seldom full-green (generally only greenish !), sometimes
bluish and brownish, more often black. Notwithstanding this varia-
bility in color it is very easy to distinguish this subspecies from other
forms of C. obsoleta Say, from the United States, as the pattern of the
elytra almost always shows a constant feature : in the type it is " linei-
formis, " in subspecies .y^r/z/rt^/c^rr? Bat. " punctiformis. "

IV subsp. thalestris Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1 890, p. 494.

25. rufiventris Dej., Spec, I, 1825, p. 102.

Var. hentzii Dej., Spec, V, 1831, p. 148 = hcBinorrhoidalis Hentz,
Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, 1830, p. 254, pi. 2, f. 2, does not occur in
Mexico ; it was a mistake by G. Horn, who took a variety of P.
Cartagena Dej., to be this variety of rufiventris (confer. W. Horn,
Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1902, p. 378).

I subsp. flohri Bat., Proc Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 588.

II subsp. beckeri W. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 171.

III subsp. reducta W. Horn, 1. c, p. 171.
aberr. hoegeana IV. Horn, 1. c, p. 171.

IV subsp. sedecimpunctata K/ug, Jahrb., 1834, p. 32.
rubriventrh CiiEV., Col. Mex., No. loi.

ventatiasa Bat. , Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 503.
This variety occurs also in the United States ; South Arizona (Rivers).
aberr. ? parallela [Fet., i. 1., Cat. Cic, p. 70) Bat., 1. c, p. 503.
aberr. sallei Chev., Col. Mex., No. 126.
aberr. mellyi Chd., Bull. Mosc, 1852, p. 19.

calochroides MoTSCH., Et. Ent., VI, 1857, p. 109.

26. hydrophoba Chev., Col. Mex., No. 125.

aberr. tenuisignata Fet., i. 1. Cat. Cic, p. 69 (Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 8).

* The typical C. obsoleta Say is not known from Mexico.

Dec, 1903.] Horn: Cicindelid.^ of Mexico. 217

I subsp. quinquenotata {Sturm, i. 1.) Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 8.
iignatoJilatnta Vv.'W i. 1. Cat. Cic, p. 69.

II subsp. taretana Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, Suppl., p. 259.

27. dysenterica (Chaud. i. 1., Cat. Coll., p. 29) Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 7.

I subsp. dugesi Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, Suppl., p. 258.
aberr. calomicra Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 501.

II subsp. deliciola Bat., 1. c, p. 502.

III subsp. clarina Bat.,* Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 6.
despecta Srhm., i. 1. (Mus. Berol. ).

trujuii Ch,\v\)., i. 1. (Mus. Paris).

28. rugatilis Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 497.

it-micirctilaris Bat. (olim), Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 6, t. I, f. 19.

29. catharinse Chev., Col. Mex., No. 178.

30. punctulata Oliv., Ent., II, 1790, No. 33, p. 27, pi. 3, f. 37, a, b.

tnicans F.^BR., Ent. Syst., 1798, p. 61.

ohscura Mf.i.sh., Cat. Ins. Pennsv., 1806, p. 46.
aber. jenisoni Gistl., Syst. Ins., I, p. 55.
aber. chihuahuse Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 500.

micans ScH.\UPP, Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc, 1884, p. 98.

31. digueti //'. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, P- 186.

32. politula Lee, Tran. Am. Ent. Soc, 1875, p. 159.

33. nebuligera Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 504, pi. 16, f. 8.

34. phosphora Bat., Cist. Ent., 1878, p. 329.

35. guerrerensis Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 499, pi. 16, f. 5.

36. pr^ecisa Bat., f 1. c, p. 498, tab. 16, f. 4.

37. sneicollis Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. 13.

aber. viridis Becker, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 176.

38. papillosa Chaud., Bull. Mosc, 1854, p. 1 23.

39. semicircularis A7//^, Jahrb. 1834, p. 33. (nee Bates!).

aber. plurigemmata Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 496, pi. 16, f. 3.

40. cyaniventris Chev., Col. Mex., No. 27.

ior7'ina Lf.c, Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, 1856, p. 53, pi. I, f. 47.
rugipniuis Dup., i. 1., Dej. Cat., Ill, 1837, p. 6.
aber. chevrolati IV. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1892, p. 371.

41. radians Chev., Mag. Zool., 1841, p. 57.

42. aurora Thms., Arc. Nat., 1859, p. 90.

43. vasseleti ChexK, Col. Max., No. t,2>-

44. flavopunctata Chev., 1. c, No. 28.

aber. humeralis Chev., Mag. Zool., 1841, p. 59.

aber. ocellata I^lug, Jahrb., p. ■i,'},-

aber. incerta Che-,'., Col. Mex., p. 127.

aber. chiapana Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 505.

I subsp. rectilatera Chd., Bull. Mosc, 1843, p. 693.

decostigma Lec. , Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, 1856, p. 54, pi. i, f. 48.

texana Lec, i. 1., List of Col.

* Aberrat colore fusco : La Venta (Fenyes).
fNear Matamoras, collected by Dr. Fenyes.

218 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

C. rectilatera Chaud., was considered until now as distinct species,
but the differences distinguishing it from C. flavopunctata ( form of the
labrum, general shape of the body, coloration and pattern, tip of the
elytra) are very small and show variations. I have seen specimens of
the latter having only the extreme tip of the abdomen reddish-testa-
ceous.

4.5. roseiventris Chev.,Co\. Mex., 1834, No. 29.

semiciriii/aris Chev., Col. Mex., 1835, index (nee Klug !).
subsp. mexicana Alng, Jahrb., 1834, p. 31.

decostigina Chev., Col. Mex., Ill, fasc. 1834-35.
belti^k.-Y., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 588.

46. klugi Dej. , Spec. , V, p. 263.

neglecfa Klug, i. 1., Dej. Cat., Ill, p. 5.
aberr. douei Chenu., Mag. Zool., 1840, p. I (Mexico!).

47. carthagena Dej., Spec, V, p. 229.

I subsp. hentzii (A Horn, ex parte (nee Dej. !) Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc. , 2d Sen,
Vol. IV, 1894, p. 307; W. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeiischr , 1902, p. 378.

II subsp. haemorrhagica Lec.,'^ Ann. Lye. N. Y., V, 1851, p. 171.

48. sommeri Mann., Bull. Mosc, 1837, p. 12.

hopfncri Dej., i. 1., Cat., Ill, p. 3.
fusconigra HoPFN., i. 1., Dej. Cat., Ill, p. 3.
ferrugata PuTZ., Mem. Liege, II, 1846, p. 366.

49. tenuisignata Lee, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1852, p. 171.

psilograinina Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 507, pi. 16, f. 10

50. fera Chev., Col. Mex., 1834, No. 30.

teniiHineata Brll., Arch. Mus., I, 1838, p. 1 28.
5r. sinaloae Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 505.

52. schaefferi mihi (spec. nov. ), hoc loco p. prima.

Group III. Mails fronteque nudis, thoracis ma/'ginibus omnibus et [interduin spar-
sissime) disco hirsutis, basi pleritmqne dilatata, pedibus posticis valde elongatis.

53. chlorocephala Chev., Col. Mex., 1834, No. 32.

54. leuconoe Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 508, pi. 16, f. 11.

55. macrocnema Chd., Bull. Mosc., 1852, p. 15.

subsp. bates! IV. Jloni, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1894, p. III.
aberr. albina IV. Horn, 1. c. , p. 240.

56. curvata Chev., Col. Mex., 1834, p. 31.

57. dorsalis Say (subsp. media Lee. ) aberr. castissima Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I,

Suppl., p. 260, pi. 13, f. I.
subsp. (saulcyi Guer.) aberr. venusta Lap, Rev. Zool., 1841, pp. 37, 96.
saiihyi (jUiLK. var. A. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 37.

*The variations of this subspecies with reduced pattern (var. bisignala Dokht. )
and pacijica Schpp. are not yet known from Mexico.

Dec, 1903.] Horn: Cicindelid.e of Mexico. 219

Group IV. Alalis, f route, thoracis disco nudis [antennis spanissime sed longissitne
pilosis): antico thoracis margine fere toto piioso.

58. gabbii G. Horn, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., l866, p. 395.

Group V. Malis fronteqiie nudis, thoracis tnarginibns late, lateralibus anticoqtie et
disco* pilosis, pedibus posticis non elongatis.

59. trifasciata Fabr., Sp. Ins., I, 1781, p. 286.

tortiiosa Dk[., Spec, I, p. 87.
var. tortuosa Lcc, Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, 1856, p. 92.

60. pusilla Say, Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil., I, 1817, p. 21.

subsp. lunalonga Schpp., Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc, VI, 1884, p. 122. Lower

California,
aberr. tuolumnae Leng, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1902. Lower California.
The specimens I know show all intermediate forms between this
aberration and the subspecies lunalonga Schpp.

61. speculans Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1870, p. 500, pi. 16, f. 6.

62. viridisticta Bat., Hiol. Cent. Am., I, p. 14, pi. i, f. 20; Chaud., i. 1., Cat.

Coll., 1S65, p. 23.

63. arizonensis Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, Suppl., p. 260; W. Horn, Deutsch.

Ent. Zeitschr., 1903, p. 182.

64. wickhami \V. Ham, 1. c, p. 182.

65. hemichrysea Che-,'., Col. Mex., 1835, VI, No. 129.
aberr. inspersa Che-j., 1. c, No. I30.

aberr. cyanosparsa Chaud., Bull. Mosc. , 1852, p. 23.

66. nephelota Hat., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, IX, p. 319.

67. debilis Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1890, p. 509, pi. 16, f. 12.

68. schauppii G. Horn, Tran. Am. Ent. Soc, 1876, p. 240.

69. severa Laf. t var. yucatana Chd. i. l.,Cat. Coll., p. 28; \V. Horn, Deutsch.

Ent. Zeitschr., 1896, p. 354.
Var. statura pauUo minore, margine laterali elytrorum ab humeris usuue ad
spinam suluralem (ut in C. circumpicta Laf. intus undulato) albo. — Vucatan.

70. californica Men., Bull. Soc. Imp. Petersb., 1844, p. 52.
aberr. signatura marginali elytrotrum late confluente.

subsp. praetextata Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1854, p. 220.

This variety differs from C. californica Men, not only in pattern.
The body, especially the prothorax, is slender, the tip of the elytra
not so much rounded (spine less retracted), etc. But after examining
some more specimens, it seems to me to be a geographical race of
Menetries' species. The latter was confounded always with C. circitin-
ficta Laf., from which it may be separated by the constantly finer
striation of the front between the eyes, etc.

* Interdum sparsissime.

1 1 am not absolutely sure about the pubescence on the disc of the pronotum, but
I'ftelieve fresh specimens will show some bristles inside of the lateral ones.

220 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Group VI. Malis pilosis, fronte nttda.

71. euryscopa Bat., Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 506.

Group VII. Malis fronteque pilosis.

72. sperata Lee, Tran. Am. Phil. Soc, 1856, p. 50.

73. hamata Brll, Arch. Mus., I, 1838, p. 132, pi. 8, f. 9.

christo/ori Chky., Mag. Zool., 184I, p. 15.
r^/(.7^« Chaud., Bull. Mosc, 1843, p. 689; 1854, p. 115.
9 apicalis CnhVD., Bull. Mosc, 1843, p. 691.
subsp. (lacerata Chaud.), aberr. pallifera C/mud., Bull. Mosc, 1852, I, p. 17.
catiosa G. HoRN, Entom. News, 1892, p. 26 (Lee. i. 1.).

Supplement.

74. lemniscata Lee, Tran. Ac So .Phil., 1854, p. 220.

II. Megacephalid/E Lac.
Tetracha* Hope, Man., II, p. 7.

75. angustata Chev., Mag. Z06I., 1841, p. 55.

obscura HuPFN., i. I., Dej. Cat., Ill, p. I.
aberr. fuliginosa Bat., Ent. Month. Mag., 1874, p. 261.

76. af finis Dej., Spec, I, 1825, p. 12.

impressa Chev., Mag. Zool., 1 841, p. 56.

77. SObrina Dej., Spec, V, 1831, p. 202.

aberr. geniculata Chev., Col. Max., 1834, No. 26.

78. Carolina Z., Syst. Nat., XII, ed. 1735, (?) p. 657.

carolinensis Latr., Gen. Crust. Ins., I, 1806, p. 175.
aberr. splendida Dokht., Spec. Cic, I, 1882, p. 46.
aberr. boisduvali Gistl., Syst. Ins., I, p. 7.

aberr. mexicana Gray, Anim. Kingd., I, 1832, p. 263, pi. 29, f. I.
aberr. maculicornis Cast., Rev. Silb., II, 1834, p. 28.
aberr. mexicana Chev., Col. Mex., No. 25.

I subsp. chevrolati Chaud., Bull. Mosc, i860, IV, p. 334. This form be-
longs to T. Carolina and not to T. infuscata Mann.

II .subsp. cyanides Bat., Biol. Cent. Am., I, p. i.

79. virginica Z., Syst. Nat., II, 1735, p. 657.

virginala L., Syst. Nat. Gmel., I, 4, 1788, p. 1922.

III. Neomantichorid^ W. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1S98,

Suppl., p. 16.

Amblychilimr C^\K\, Math. Nat. Bar. Ungarn, XVIII, 1900/2, p. 124.
Amblychila Say, Journ. Ac Sc Phil., Ill, 1823, p. 139.
Chaleposomus Chaud., Bull. Mos., i860, II, p. 337.

80. baroni Rivers, Ent. Am., VI, 1890, p. ill ; W. Horn, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr.,

1902, pp. 179, 190, 196; 1903, p. 97. Sonora (Arispe).

In regard to localities, unnamed varieties and citations in litera-
ture I refer to my first paper : Deutsch. Entom. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 161.

* 7'. infuscata Mann., in all probability does not occur in Mexico.

Dec . 1903.] Weeks : Evolution of Secondaries of Catocala. 221

Of the above noted eighty species of Cicindelidre thirty* occur in
the United States, four species {^Cicindela trifasciataY ., flavopunctata
Chev., carthagena Dej. and Tetracha Carolina L. ) are known from the
United States, Mexico and countries south of Mexico. The species
with the widest geographical distribution is the last one, which runs
down to the north of Chile. The four tropical genera ( Ctenostovia,
Hiresia, Beckerium and Odontochila represented all together only by
five species!) belong all to the extreme south of Mexico (south of
Vera Cruz).

THEORY AS TO EVOLUTION OF SECONDARIES
OF MOTHS OF THE GENUS CATOCALA. j

Archibald C. Weeks.

The conspicuous beauty of the secondaries of the members of this
genus, the delight and admiration of every collector, is so wonder-
fully and handsomely differentiated from that of their plainer congeners
of the noctuidaj as to entitle it to some speculation as to its origin.
Although there is something to admire in the colorative arrangement
of the subdued and modest hues of the species of allied genera, never-
theless, in both primaries and secondaries of the latter prevail shades
ranging from black, brown, pale yellow, red, green and gray to white,
all calculated to make their wearers invisible by reason of their more
or less perfect blending with the color scheme of earth, rocks, and
dead or living vegetation, and so escape observation of enemies and
perpetuate their species. The Catocala, however, though provided
with primaries similarly marked and obviously for the same purpose
yet possess secondaries adorned with brilliant red, scarlet, magenta,
pink, yellow, blue, black or white, as startling a contrast of vestiture
as could possibly be imagined. Instead of a coloration developed
along the lines of agreement or identification with environment we
here find one which apparently scorns concealment and openly and

* 29, if Cicindela soinmeri Mann, would not belong to the fauna of the United
States.

t Read before the Entomological Department of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, February 26, 1903, and Brooklyn Entomological Society, April 2,
1903-

222 ' JouKNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

boldly declares its owner, inviting attention and daring and braving
attack and capture. Such colorati'on by way of distinction may be
termed "aggressive or hostile" as opposed to passive where the
colors copy and blend with surrounding objects, the terms "aggres-
sive" and "passive" being understood to be merely relative and
to imply no special consciousness or instinct. It would seem a fair
question to ask what environment or circumstance of natural selec-
tion could have produced a decoration so variant and which must
necessarily have been acquired under substantially the same conditions
as that of other noctuids. Although North America is virtually the
home of the Catocala, species of this genus, or at least species having
a similar scheme or plan of maculation occur almost universally, among
which may be mentioned the Ophiderides of India and Java, while
hosts of unrelated genera also possess lower wings far more attractive
and conspicuous than the upper, and, therefore, whatever theory may
be offered in explanation of this characteristic in the Catocala would
apparently apply equally to the others. Since the problem of the
origin of aggressive coloration does not appear at first glance to be
directly demonstrable, a more satisfactory method of solution may be
obtained indirectly by considering the circumstances under which
certain forms of the secondaries have been developed and the uses to
which they are applied, since, however remarkable the contrast of
hues between the upper and lower wings, it is not more peculiar and
surprising than the apparently abnormal secondaries of many other
groups of lepidoptera to which tails are attached, moderately among
the papilios, graptas, theclas, certain hesperians and many others, or
extraordinarily, as in the case of Actias liina and allied species. The
theory has been advanced and it seems quite a reasonable one that
development by prolongation of the lower wings in the form of tails,
abnormal and apparently unnecessary as it is, is really a factor of
high value as a means of preservation of an insect from destruction by
its enemies. Again and again may predatory bat or bird, in an effort
to capture a moth or butterfly, successively tear away sections of the
tails, of which a sacrifice can be readily afforded, without disabling it
or retarding its flight.

The abnormal development of these appendages or tails seems to
have originated from the fact that whenever, in the course of natural
variation, certain individuals have been congenitally provided with
secondaries unduly enlarged, these individuals by reason of being pos-

Dec , X903 1 Weeks: Evolution of Secondaries ok Catocala. 228

sessed of more wing to sacrifice had just so much more chance to escape,
while those possessed of abbreviated wings would in the ordinary course
of existence be first destroyed, and consequently those individuals in-
heriting a tendency to enlargement of the secondaries would be most
likely to survive and transmit their structural peculiarities to their
descendants until the character became fixed and permanent. Such
development, of which the secondaries of the luna moth are an ex-
ample, is directly opposed to the common understanding that wings
should be as compact as possible without unnecessary appendages and
thus facilitate escape by rapid flight. If, therefore, it be deemed
reasonable and well proved that aggressive formation has developed
through its protective qualities, why is it not quite as reasonable to
assume that aggressive coloration has originated under similar circum-
stances and for a similar purpose, viz.: to divert the attention of a
pursuer to the conspicuous, vividly-colored, attractive-appearing sec-
ondaries, whereby the plainer, uncolored and unattractive but vital
parts escape injury. This result would undoubtedly be obtained
along the lines of natural experimental variation and varietal produc-
tion, those individuals having brighter, more striking, or more attrac-
tive-appearing secondaries being most likely to escape for the reason
that the attention of an enemy would ordinarily be diverted to these
showy but non-vital portions, and, as in the case of the luna moth and
other species with tailed secondaries, the individuals thus escaping
would be enabled to propagate and so bequeath their excess of color-
ation for fuller development. In the course of a long series of gener-
ations a constant elimination of the duller-hued individuals as being
the first captured and an equal survival from capture of the brighter
forms would inevitably tend to the abnormal development of highly
colored secondaries such as we find in the members of the genus Cato-
cala to-day, and will, I think, be accepted as a reasonable solution of
the origin of the extraordinary and apparently inexplicable departure
in coloration of the members of this genus from those of kindred gen-
era. The fact that there are now so many species, all variant in color
and maculation by bands or stripes, works no contradiction to this
theory. Granted that in the far distant past there was a primitive
ancestor in whose secondaries slight suggestions of bands might ap-
pear, it is easy along the lines of development to obtain more pro-
nounced variations, and the several species are simply the variant
forms which always arise under favorable or unfavorable environ-

224 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

ments, including supply, scarcity and variety of plant food, tempera-
ture, interbreeding, etc.

The above conclusion that the conspicuous colors of the second-
aries are useful in diverting attention from the more vital parts seems
to be confirmed by the habits and incidents in the life history of the
Catocala. During the day these moths securely screen themselves
from observation by selecting resting places more or less hidden on
the bark of trees or other objects, the color of which is best adapted
to harmonize and blend with the twilight shades of the upper wings,
and with which they cover and conceal their prominently marked
lower ones. At night, however, unless resting or sated with juices,
this practice is almost always reversed, and the brilliantly hued lower
wings are displayed to their utmost extent, rendering them in con-
trast with their surroundings visions of surpassing and impressive
'beauty. These colors could not have been developed in vain, and
although except by artificial means we are denied the pleasure of be-
holding them, we must remember that in the lower world there are
myriads of eyes whose powers are far superior to our own and it is not
credible that the joyous colors of the day are forbidden them when
the sunlight has vanished. A further confirmation of the theory is
furnished by the fact that one of the most discouraging features in
collecting these moths is the difficulty of obtaining specimens the
secondaries of which are perfect. It is a common experience to find
either one or both of these wings badly marred, mutilated, or partly
missing, while the primaries are almost invariably intact. The freshest
as well as the eldest specimens are equally thus injured, which cer-
tainly affords strong evidence that the secondaries are chiefly the ob-
jects of attack.

An exception to the concealment of the secondaries may be noted
which still further confirms the above theory as to their origin and
development. Should the insect be compelled, by reason of lack of
suitable ground, trees, rocks or other similar objects whereon to rest
and match the sober markings of the fore wings, to light among the
grass, weeds and leaves where there are myriad streaks or bands of
light and shade it will often, especially of the yellow-banded species,
drop down with the wings partially opened as if by the exhibition of
its own stripings to match its surroundings. Within a short time,
however, it will crawl closer to the ground beneath the sheltering
grass and other herbage and there fold its wings. A genus of small

Uec.,i903.j Weeks: Evolution of Secoxdaries of Catocai.a. 225

moths closely allied to the Catocala is Syneda. Insects of this genus
have pale yellow, transversely marked secondaries. Their habitat and
methods of concealment also furnish suggestions as to the origin of
this method of maculation by stripes as a protective character by
coincidence with environment. These moths occur in sandy locali-
ties where there is practically, to the ordinary view, but little oppor-
tunity for concealment, the surface of the ground being principally
bare and interspersed with patches of stunted and sparse vegetation
not more than a few inches in height, and strewn around which in
different directions lie masses or little heaps of dead grass, or other
fragments of withered plants. The moth generally rests upon the
ground in close proximity to small sticks, stones or where the
darkened sand and earth correspond more nearly with the general
coloration of the fore wings. Its most common attitude at the
moment of alighting is with wings expanded so as to match their strip-
ings and maculation with the mottled and banded appearance presented
by small differently colored stones and grass. Shortly afterward the
fore wings slowly close over the hind wings which still better match
the surroundings and render the moth invisible to the ordinary eye.
The stripings on all animals are a characteristic, generally admitted
to be useful in concealment from observation, as the vertical stripes
on the zebra, tiger, etc., which correspond with the alternate lights
and shadows of closely standing tree trunks or small stems of canes
and other tropical vegetation. In the same way many of the moths
which frequent grassy fields as the arctians, for instance, have wings
striped longitudinally with the evident intent of matching the light
and dark hues caused by the appearance of the light spaces between
the plant stalks. We may fairly infer therefore that the ancestor
of the Catocala was an insect which originally acquired its protec-
tive stripings merely for the purpose of concealment by harmonizing
and blending with its environment, and that aggressive coloration was
a subsequent acquisition which was improved and encouraged in the
same proportion as its value as a protective factor increased.

We have still another form in various other families where the
secondary is provided with a large and prominent ocellus or eye-
shaped figure. Whether this be for the purpose of counterfeiting the
eyes of some predatory bird or animal and thus causing fear or whether
these pronounced eye -like spots are useful in diverting the attention
of an enemy, might afford a question for discussion, but according to

226 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

analogy I should prefer the latter, and for this form of protective de-
velopment I would coin a third term "aggressive maculation."

We have then six terms to express protective development, viz.,
passive or negative formation, maculation and coloration, and active,
aggressive or hostile formation, maculation and coloration. For prac-
tical application of these terms we may confine ourselves to the lepi-
doptera. Among the noctuids in general, omitting the genus Caiocala
the entire family depends for concealment upon the two last divisions
of the first class, viz., passive or negative coloration and maculation,
while certain of the graptas by folding their wings with deeply
indented margins furnish examples of all three divisions. Moths like
the Acfias, as our native luna, furnish examples of both passive colora-
tion (in that the wings are of a delicate green shaded with white
resembling many large leaves) while the projection rearward of its
secondaries furnishes an example of aggressive formation, being thus
doubly protected whether at rest or in flight. The Catocala are also
doubly protected, but in a different way, the fore wings furnishing
examples of passive coloration and maculation while the hind wings
are models of aggressive coloration except in cases where they are em-
ployed under circumstancss above named to blend with the alternate
shadings of grass stalks and other herbage. The aggressive formation
of the luna is for protection during flight while the aggressive colora-
tion of the Catocala is principally for protection while at rest. It
would be an interesting as well as an instructive exercise to examine
the wing structure, coloration and maculation of numerous species and
endeavor, in connection with such knowledge as can be gained con-
cerning their life-histories, to trace the causes which probably pro-
duced the variations of each, in accordance with the classification
above prescribed, taking into consideration nevertheless that all deduc-
tions are necessarily limited to such meager inference and knowledge
as we may chance to possess of the varying environments to which
previous generations have been subjected through myriads of ages. It
must also be conceded that no result has been without object, but that
every form with its accompanying shades and patterns of color has
been evolved for a definite purpose in the course of the pitiless struggle
for existence since the beginning, and remains more or less permanent
though the circumstance which promoted its origin may have long
since passed away.

Dec, I90J.] Banks: New York Pentatomid.^. 2"_'7

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF NEW YORK
PENTATOMID^.
By Nathan Banks.

Mr. Torre Bueno's article on Pentatomidas near New ^'ork induced
me to look over my collection of these insects, many of which were
taken at or near Sea Cliff, L. I., my former home. I see that I have
taken there all the species Mr. Torre lUieno lists except Mineiis biocu-
latits. In addition there are several forms, some of which are not
common.
Stiretrus anchorago Fabr.

One specimen taken at Roslyn several years ago.
Dendrocoris humeral is Uhler.

( )ne specimen from Bayville Beach, May. I might mention that
in Dr. Smith's New Jersey list this species is under two names ; once
as above, and again as Liotropis liiivieralis. Liotropis Uhler was pre-
occupied, so Bergroth in 1891 proposed to change it to Dendrocoris.
Perillus circumcinctus Stal.

One specimen, taken years ago at Roslyn. P. exapfiis is much
more common, and overwinters as adult.
Podisus serieventris Uhl.

From Sea Cliff, March, May and August.
Banasa calva Say.

Specimens tVoni Harbor Mill, July ; and Sea Cliff, March and July.
Lioderma (Pentatoma) saucia Say.

This species occurs at Sea Cliff and vicinity in salt-grass meadows,
in company with L. senilis, which is the more common.
Lioderma (Pentatoma) ligata Sax.

One specimen from Sea Cliff, in August. The insect is common a
little farther north.
Murgantia histrionica Jlalm.

1 have not seen this from Long Island, but in the past few years it
has been recorded several times from near Jamaica, L. I., on cabbages.

228 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

NOTE ON PENTATOMID^.

By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno.

In looking up authorities for a paper I have in preparation, I find that my un-
amiliarity with the synonymy of the Pentatomidas betrayed me into two errors in my
paper on " The Pentatomid^ within Fifty Miles of New York," published in the Sep-
tember number of the JOURNAL. I made the statement in it that 1 had added a
genus and a species to Prof. Smith's New Jersey List, viz., genus Peiitatoma and species
Mhtetis strigipes H.S. This, however,'is erroneous, as Pentatoma, auctt. is the same
as Lioden/ta Uhl. ; and Alineiis strigipes H.S. is the same as bioctilatus Fab. Will
you kindly have this correction appear in the forthcoming Journal, so that matters
may be straightened out and the responsibility for this slip put with me, where it be-
longs ?

ON THE SLEEPING HABITS OF SOME ACULEATE
HYMENOPTERA.

By Charles T. Brues.

Recently, while looking over a series of papers by Mr. E. A.
Schwarz, published some years ago, my attention was called especially
to some interesting observations made by him (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Vol. IV, I, p. 24) on the sleeping habits of certain aculeate hymenop-
tera.* These recall very forcibly some similar observations which Mr.
A. L. Melander and myself have made at scattered intervals in various
parts of the country, and as ethological notes relating to the sleep of
insects are rather rare in our literature, I think these are worthy of
record.

The first instance relates to the common black digger wasp, Prio-
noiiyx atrala, which is very abundant in the country about Chicago,
111. One evening just at dusk, while collecting insects along the shore
of Lake Michigan, I noticed a large sturdy specimen of the sweet
clover {Melilotiis alba) which had a considerable number of black
objects clinging to the thicker portions of its branches. Just then a
specimen of Priononyx flew wearily up to the bush, and after a second
or two quietly settled down on one of the twigs among the other black
objects which investigation showed to be also members of the same
species. All Vvere very loath to move and twenty-five or more wasps

* Banks (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, X, 209) has also described the sleeping
nabits of some other species.

Dec, 1903 ] Brues : Sleeping Harits OK Hymenoptera. L'2i>

were easily picked off with the forceps before the others became
aroused and gradually flew away to seek another resting place.
Wasps of both sexes of this single species were represented amoiig the
captured individuals. This same species of sweet clover, which is very
abundant in northern Illinois and is much sought for by various
Aculeata during the day, was the center of the second observation
which we had occasion to make in McHenry Co., 111. This time
several species were commingled upon the same plants. Among
them were Epeohis lunatiis, a parasitic bee ; Scolia bicincta, Nysson
pla^i^iatus, a species of TacJiytes and some other smaller wasps. In
this case the Epeoliis was the predominating form, at the hour when
the plants were examined, which was just about at sundown.

It may, I think, be properly asked whether the strong scent given
off at all times by the clover attracts the insects or whether they
simply settle down upon the plants which they have frequented during
the busier hours of the day. The fact that the Priononyx are not
often seen on this plant in the daytime and the large numbers con-
gregated on one bush at night would lead one to believe that they
are attracted by the plant's odor as well as by the presence of their
fellows which have already settled there.

Indeed each species usually has its own preference as to sleeping
plant. In the case of the Texan Scolia lecontei, this is a species be-
longing to the Umbelliferffi. On any warm spring evening shortly
after sunset one can col'ect numbers of the male Scolias resting upon
or below the older umbels whose inflorescence has passed away. In
nearly all cases the wasps rest with the head down ; in this position
their bodies harmonize well with the plant and they are not at all
conspicuous. Whether this is why the same plant is always chosen
would be more difficult to say. As they leave the brilliant red and
yellow flowers of LepacJiys coliimnaris severely alone, although resting
upon these the similarly colored Scolias would be much more neatly
concealed, it seems that concealment cannot be the cause of the
choice.

In the common Myzine sexcincta, another scoliid wasp, gre-
garious resting habits can be observed not only late in the evening
but in the middle of the day. In southern Illinois one hot day in
August I noticed upon a small dried plant of a species of wild pink a
large number of the males of the Myzine resting so thickly upon its
stem and branches that they gave it a brilliant color with their con-

230 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi.

spicuous black and yellow bodies. A single sweep with an insect net
captured some sixty or more specimens while a cloud of others flew
away on being disturbed. I have also noticed similar groups of
Myzine resting in the daytime in Massachusetts, but never so large a
number on a single plant. An explanation for the gregarious habits
of the male Mvziiie can readily be made when it is recalled that as the
males seem to be more numerous than the females, the greater propor-
tion of the males probably never take any active part in the economy
of the species.

NEW NOCTUID/E FROM TROPICAL AMERICA.
By Willlam Schaus.
Lycophotia microstigma, sp. nov.

Head and abdomen grayish-buft". Collar bv.ft' posteriorly and also thorax dark
lilacine brown. Primaries lilacine buff, thinly irrorated with dark scales, basal half
of subcostal broadly creamy white, posteriorly shaded by dark velvety brown, which
is cut by a white line crossing to base of vein 3, the brown in cell is interrupted by
the orbicular which is large, round, lilacine white ; the reniform small, consisting of
a dark brown point beyond a lilacine white lunule ; an outer curved row of dark
points; some brown, shading beyond cell, and on outer margin above angle, and
above vein 4 ; terminal triangular black spots between the veins ; fringe light brown
at base, terminally buff. Secondaries white ; a dark interrupted terminal line.
Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat: Castro, Parana.
Mamestra viriditincta, sp. nov.

Head and thorax: mottled fawn color and brown. Abdomen gray with brown
subdorsal tufts and lateral fawn tufts. Primaries fawn color ; base of inner margin
dark brown ; a dentate black basal line followed by a dark patch on costa ; inner line
black, angled below orbicular ; median space dark olivaceous mottled with black ;
spots large, vague, partly outlined with black and containing olivaceous scales ; outer
line fine black, followed by some black points on veins; outer margin mottled with
olivaceous and black; terminal black points; fringe fawn color spotted with black.
Secondaries white ; some brown on outer margin, and the ends of veins dark. Ex-
panse 30 mm.

Habitat : Castro, Parana.
Mamestra flavidentula, sp. nov.

Head and thorax gray ; black lines on tegulre and patagis. Abdomen blackish-
gray. Primaries gray, mottled with brown, in, beyond and below reniform ; black
geminate basal lines on costa, a black streak at base of median, and another near

Dec, 1903.] ScHAUs : New Tropical NoCTUID/E. 231

base of inner margin ; inner line irregularly curved, geminate, outwardly black, in-
wardly brown ; beyond inner line the veins are finely streaked with black ; spots finely
circled with black ; median shade thick, black on costal margin and above submedian
where it suffuses with the outer line ; otherwise median shade is brownish ; below the
orbicular a black dentate line from inner line to median shade ; outer line strongly
dentate, blackish, fine; a series of black dashes between the veins on outer margin,
each dash interrupted by a yellowish-white spot; fringe gray spotted with black.
Secondaries white suffused with gray, darkest along outer margin ; a discal spot ;
fringe white, divided by a black line. Expanse 40 mm.

Habitat : Chili.

Mamestra goniophora, sp. nov.

Head and thorax olivaceous brown. Abdomen dark gray ; a subdorsal white
tuft at base. Primaries dark olivaceous, markings pure white ; a broad line at base,
not reaching inner margin ; an inner row of spots large on costal and inner margins ;
orbicular small, round ; reniform large, irregular, surmounted by a white spot on
costa ; an outer row of points, very irregular ; three small spots on costa towards
apex ; three larger spots at apex ; four spots on outer margin between veins 2 and 5 ;
a small spot at inner angle. Secondaries dark brown ; costa whitish. Expanse 25 mm.

Habitat: Castro, Parana.
Mamestra paranica, sp. nov.

Head and thorax gray ; the patagias edged with brown dorsally. Body grayish-
brown. Primaries : veins steel-gray ; base olivaceous ; basal line black, outwardly
white ; inner line black, irregular, inwardly shaded with white ; orbicular whitish,
also a spot below it, and a space above it on costa ; median space olivaceous, partly
edged with black; reniform large, indistinct, dark gray and olivaceous; a finely
lunular black outer line, the lunules filled with giay ; outer space mottled olivaceous
and gray, with some black spots and followed by the subterminal, which is wavy,
white ; outer margin gray, mottled with olivaceous ; black terminal spots ; fringe
while and olivaceous. Secondaries whitish at base, otherwise dull brown ; fringe
white. Expanse 36 mm.

Habitat : Castro, Parana.

Himella nigripars, sp. nov.

^ . Head, thorax and primaries light brown. Abdomen dorsally and secondaries
darker brown. Abdomen ventrally and anal tuft light brown. Primaries thinly
irrorated with black scales ; lines fine, darker ; basal and inner lines wavy ; outer line
crenulate, followed by a row of black points on veins. Reniform partly outlined
with black ; an oblique black median line from costa to reniform, then as a brown
shade to middle of inner margin ; a pale subterminal line ; black terminal points.
Secondaries with black terminal points ; a small discal point.

The female is darker, the lines distinctly reddish-brown ; the orbicular consists of
a minute black circle ; the reniform is whitish, finely outlined with black containing a
gray point anteriorly and a larger gray spot posteriorly ; the median shade is entirely
reddish-brown ; the black dots on veins are close to the subterminal shade which is

232 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

more wavy, and there are no black terminal points ; a terminal pale line ; fringe rose-
ate, spotted with gray. Expanse, ^ , 34 mm., from Costa Rica. Expanse, 9. 35
mm., from Jalapa, Mexico.

These two specimens have been identified by Sir George Hampson
as belonging to the same species ; personally I should consider them
distinct.

Himella crocosticta, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, and primaries lilacine brown. Abdomen and secondaries dull
brown. Primaries: lines fine, black, wavy ; the outer line slightly curved ; a median
darker shade ; reniform small, ochreous ; a subterminal wavy dark shade ; a pale ter-
minal line ; veins tipped with white ; some white spots on costa at apex. Second-
aries : a terminal dark line ; base of fringe pale. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico.
Himella rubripuncta, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, abdomen below and anal tuft light reddish-brown. Abdomen
above and secondaries blackish. Primaries dark reddish-brown ; basal line darker,
geminate on costa ; inner line wavy, black ; median shade darker, oblique from costa
to reniform, then straight to inner margin; reniform small, red, posteriorly shaded
with black; outer line black, wavy, followed by dark points; subterminal shade
black ; white points on costa near apex and at tips of veins ; a terminal whitish line.
Secondaries paler at base ; a black discal spot ; base of fringe whitish. Expanse
29 mm.

Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico.
Himella diplogramma, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and anal tufc buff; collar posteriorly shaded with light reddish-
brown. Abdomen dull gray brown. Primaries buff; an inner and a median short
brown streak on costa ; six black spots beyond middle of costa ; inner margin violace-
ous brown ; a median violaceous brown shade angled at reniform, followed by some
fine dark streaks ; orbicular as a black point ; reniform large, dark gray, widest pos-
teriorly ; an oblique dark band from vein 2 to outer margin below apex, partly divided
by a pale line, and preceded by some black streaks ; a few black irrorations on outer
margin ; fringe buff spotted with brown. Secondaries thinly scaled with brown gray.
Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat : Las Vegas, Mexico.

Himella ignescens, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and abdomen below lilacine brown. Abdomen above blackish ;
anal tuft light brown. Primaries dark violaceous red ; the reniform brighter red ; no
lines visible, only a darker irregular subterminal shade ; a terminal pale line ; fringe
dark gray. Secondaries dark grayish-brown ; a dark discal point ; fringe light gray,
partly divided by a dark gray line. Expanse 24 mm.

Habitat: Orizaba, Mexico.

Dec, 1903.] ScHAUs : New Tropical Noctl'id.*. 233

Himella goniostigma, sp. nov.

Palpi inwardly, head and collar buff. Palpi outwardly, vertex and thorax dark
brown. Abdomen grayish-brown. Primaries brown shaded with buff near base, in
cell, and before subterminal line ; a dark space at base crossed by basal line ; inner
line dark, geminate, oblique from costa to median, then wavy to inner margin ;
median shade dark, visible on costa and inner margin ; orbicular dark, obli(iue ; reni-
form large, dark velvety brown, edged with pale buff, constricted and broader pos-
teriorly ; outer line from middle of costa sharply curved around reniform, pale, pre-
ceded by small velvety brown spots between veins 3 and 7, and followed by a geminate
row of dark points on veins ; subterminal pale, nearly straight, inwardly edged with
reddish-brown; the outer margin dark grayish-brown; terminal black points between
the veins; fringe light brown with two darker lines. Secondaries whitish along inner
margin, otherwise dark gray ; a dark discal point. Expanse 27 mm.

Habitat : Guadalajara, Mexico.

Himella ochrota, sp. nov.

Body grayish-brown. Primaries liglit Ijrown, irrorated with gray scales, chiefly
on costal and outer margins, the latter being quite dark ; the subterminal heavy, vel-
vety black from submedian to vein 7 ; orbicular round, circled with dark gray ; reni-
form broad, inwardly and outwardly shaded with dark gray, also with white outwardly.
Secondaries whitish, the veins dark ; gray irrorations along costa ; a black discal spot,
and a terminal black line. Expanse 28 mm.

Habitat: San Andres, Chalchicomula, Mexico.

Himella marginalis, sp. nov.

9. Head, thorax and primaries very dark brown. Abdomen and secondaries
dull dark brown. Piimaries : traces of geminate and inner irregular black lines filled
in with lighter brown ; reniform large, indistinct, faintly outlined with lighter brown,
and marked by four paler points ; outer line fine, black, lunular, the lunules filled in
with lighter brown, and followed on veins 2, 3 and 4 by a pale point between two
small black dashes ; a subterminal dark velvety brown spot between 5 and 6 ; the
outer margin broadly gray, inwardly marked by two large whitish spots; a terminal
black line ; terminal black spots between the veins ; fringe light brown spotted with
black. Secondaries: a dark discal jwint ; fringe light reddish-brown. Expanse 36 mm.

Habitat : Sao Paulo, southeastern Ikazil.

Himella gigantea, sp. nov.

Head and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen dark gray above ; lilacine brown
laterally ; anal tufts yellowish. Primaries pale buff, tinged with lilacine on costal
and inner margins and thinly irrorated with black ; cell and outer margin tinged with
light brown ; a minute black spot in cell near base ; inner line very fine, black, indis-
tinct ; orbicular small, reniform large, formed by a darker shade ; outer line very fine,
indistinct, followed by black points on veins ; a subterminal fine brownish line ; ter-
minal gray spots between the veins ; fringe light brown. Secondaries white ; the costal
margin and fringe buff; some black terminal points. Expanse 57 m™-

Habitat : Petropolis, Brazil.

234 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Himella mediorufa, sp. nov. ^iJ^i

Palpi and thorax reddish-brown. Head and abdomen dorsally brownish -gray ;
anal tuft ochreous. Primaries violaceous brown, irrorated with lilacine scales ; lines
paler, edged on either side with darker brown; the basal line indistinct; the inner
line slightly curved ; the outer line nearly straight ; a slightly curved reddish-brown
median shade separating the spots ; the orbicular consisting of a circle of lilacine
scales; the reniform larger, reddish-brown edged with lilacine scales; a dark, wavy,
subterminal line ; a terminal black Ime. Secondaries whitish ; a small gray discal
Spot ; an outer gray line ; the outer margin broadly gray. Expanse 32 mm.

Hahifat : Castro, Parana.
liimella leucopera, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries lilacine brown. Abdomen brownish-gray above.
Primaries : the lines and spots outlined with lilacine gray scales ; costal and inner
margins tinged with gray ; the inner line outwardly curved below orbicular, which is
round ; the outer line outwardly curved beyond cell, inwardly curved below reniform
which is large and slightly constricted, and this line is followed by geminate black
points on veins separated by a lilacine point ; subterminal pale, shaded with reddish-
brown, and parallel with outer margin ; an apical grayish spot ; a dentate terminal
pale line. Secondaries whitish clouded with gray at apex. Expanse 29 mm.

Habitat : Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil.
Himella violascens, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries lilacine brown. Abdomen above dark gray. Pri-
maries : the spots, inner band, space between median shade and outer line, also the
outer margin violaceous brown ; a dark spot near base of cell ; the inner line gemi-
nate ; orbicular small, round; median shade close to reniform, which is large and
faintly outlined by pale scales ; outer line indistinct, geminate, followed by dark streaks
on veins ; subterminal fine, pale, dentate from apex to inner angle ; a terminal black
line followed by a pale line on base of fringe. Secondaries whitish at base, outwardly
grayish ; the veins gray ; fringe buff, tipped with white. Expanse 32 mm.

Habitat : Guadalajara, Mexico.
liimella secedens, sp. nov.

Head and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen above and secondaries dark gray ;
anal tuft fawn color. Primaries lilacine brown, thinly irrorated with black; lines
very fine, black ; basal line forming a black spot in cell ; inner and outer lines partly
edged with lighter brown ; median shade dark, thick, chiefly visible on inner margin ;
outer line followed by a row of black points ; a pale subterminal line edged with
darker brown, slightly curved below costa, then straight to inner margin ; a terminal
pale wavy line ; the spots large, formed by a pale line. Secondaries : a dark discal
point; fringe roseate fawn color. Expanse, $ 32 mm., 9 36 mm.

Habitat : Castro, Parana.

Dec, 1903.] ScHAUS : New Tropical Noctuid.-k. 235

Himella pallescens, sp. nov. molbarn omih

Head, thorax and anal tuft fawn color. Abdomen dull black above. Primaries
lilacine fawn color, irrorated with black scales ; lines very fine, black, indistinct ; a
black point at base of cell, and a similar point at orbicular; reniform large, consist-
ing of a pale line inwardly edged with reddish scales, and with a black spot anteriorly
and another posteriorly ; a subterminal pale line ; terminal black points ; fringe at
apex tipped with black. Secondaries dark gray ; a dark discal spot ; fringe pale.
Expanse 32 mm.

Habitat: Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil.
Himella azucara, sj). nov.

Head and collar light brown. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen and secondaries
dull brown. Primaries light brown thickly irrorated with dark brown, the markings
very indistinct ; traces of dark basal, inner and outer lines; spots dark faintly out-
lined with light brown ; the reniform marked by white spots on either side posteriorly ;
a faint pale subterminal line ; fringe black, spotted with light brown. Secondaries :
an indistinct discal spot ; fringe paler, divided by a dark line. Expanse 37 mm.

Habitat : Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil.

Conservula furva, sp. nov.

Head, collar and primaries reddish-brown. Abdomen above violaceous brown,
the thorax somewhat darker. Primaries shaded with violaceous at base, on costa and
beyond outeY line, also the spots which are outlined with grayish scales ; the orbicular
small, oblique ; the reniform large ; the outer line angled on subcostal, then oblique
to middle of inner margin, gray inwardly shaded with dark reddish-brown ; the veins
darker on outer margin ; a darker brown subterminal shade edged with gray at costal
margin ; fringe violaceous. Secondaries whitish, the veins brown ; a dark terminal
line. Expanse 25 mm.

Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico.
Hydraecia pexa, sp. nov.

Head and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen grayish-brown above. Primaries
light brown ; the base, orbicular, a spot below it, and subterminal shades ochreous
brown irrorated with dark scales ; inner and outer lines line, black ; median shade
thick, dull brown ; reniform large, white, with an ochreous spot and two dark brown
lines ; costal margin tinely dark gray ; outer margin dull brown ; a terminal dark
line. Secondaries gray ; the veins brown. Exjianse 32 mm.

Habitat : Oaxaca, Mexico.
Hydraecia cauta, sp. nov.

9. Head gray. Thorax dark reddish-brown. Primaries blackish-gray ; four
small yellow spots on costa beyond outer line; a streak below costa, one in cell, the
space below cell and a spot on inner margin all dark red, crossed by a fine inner lun-
ular black line ; reniform large, white, mottled with red ; outer line fine, dentate,
black, beyond which the wing is more brownish-red, crossed by a blackish subterminal

236 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

shade ; a black terminal line, and a pale line on base of fringe, interrupted by white
points. Secondaries dull brown ; a dark discal point ; fringe gray ; at apex roseate,
divided by a black line. Expanse 28 mm.
Habitat : Costa Rica.

Perigrapha dukinfieldi, sp. nov.

Head, thorax and primaries lilacine brown. Abdomen darker with pale tufts at
base. Primaries thinly irrorated with black scales ; lines very fine, brown, geminate ;
basal line wavy, followed by a dark point outwardly shaded with white in cell ; inner
line oblique to cell, then straight ; orbicular a dark point inwardly shaded with white ;
median shade thicker, strongly angled on re ni form posteriorly ; reniform large, circled
with buff, then outwardly shaded with reddish-brown, and marked with black pos-
teriorly ; outer line curved below costa, the outer portion punctiform from vein 5 to
inner margin ; an interrupted reddish-brown subterminal line parallel to outer line ; a
terminal black line preceded by black points. Secondaries dull brown ; fringe roseate.
Expanse 45 mm.

Habitat : Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil.

SOME NEW NEUROPTEROID INSECTS.

By Nathan Banks.

PsociD^,
Psocus genualis, sp. nov.

Pale yellow ; head with a median shining brown spot on ocelli, a patch of brown
each side behind, and a median one on upper part of nasus. Lateral lobes of thorax
shining black. Abdomen marked with black. Legs yellow ; tarsi dark brown, tips of
femur and base of tibia marked with shining black. Antennre large, reaching beyond
tips of wings.: yellow on base, darker beyond, short pilose. Wings hyaline, venation
brown, the radius pale till near angle of pterostigma, the forking of radial sector and
the posterior cross-vein closing the discal cell white ; the median white on base, and
the cubitus and anal white to tip, where there is a brown spot ; a smaller brown
spot at base of the pterostigma. The discal cell is almost square. Length to tip of
wings 6 mm.

One specimen from Austin, Texas, June (McClendon). Distin-
guished by markings of face, and the black knees. Similar in many-
respects to P. novcB-scofice, but with different markings.
Psocus slossonee, sp. nov.

Head pale yellowish, nasus with vertical dark lines, partly obsolete above ;
labrum black ; palpi black ; antenna; with basal joints brown, then pale till near
middle, beyond which it is blackish. Vertex with about eight brown roundish spots

Dec.,i903.j Banks: New Neuropteroid Insecis. 237

each side, and several grouped into a figure at center about ocelli ; mesothorax jiale,
with a median brown spot behind; similar spots on front and hind margins of meta-
thorax. I-egs pale ; femur I banded with brown at middle and before tip, other
femora banded near tip only ; tibice with bands near base and near tip, sometimes
indistinct ; tarsi dark. Abdomen pale, marked with brown in uncertain manner
from dried specimens. Wings hyaline, heavily marked with dark brown as follows :
an incomplete bgisal band, a median band starting from near middle of costal margin
and extending obliquely backward, in its posterior part with a hyaline spot ; the
apical half of the pterostigma brown, and a band reaching from it across the wing ;
the apical part of wing clouded with brown, but leaving clear spaces between the ter-
minations of the veins ; just basad of this band is a crescent of six black spots, one in
each cell, the posterior ones forming eye-spots. There is also a patch of small black
spots near middle of wing, and a couple near middle of posterior margin. The vena-
tion is mostly whitish or pale, except where the wing is dark, where the veins are
also dark. Hind wings hyaline. Venation of true Psoais, the discal cell about twice
as long as wide, and nearly equally wide throughout. Pterostigma rounded behind.
Length to tip of wings 4.4 mm.

Specimens come from Franconia, N. H. ; Ithaca, N. Y., Septem-
ber I ; and Falls Church, Va., July 12. Separated from all our other
species by the ocellate markings in apical part of fore wings. It is
apparently allied to the European F. sexpunctafiis, but the wings are
more slender, more heavily marked, etc.

Psocus tolteca, sp. no\ .

Head entirely yellow ; antenna; black ; palpi black ; lliorax and abdomen black,
the latter indistinctly banded with pale on base ; legs dark or black, the femora some-
times paler than the other joints. Wings hyaline, with a large basal black mark, a
black V-mark, and an apical black band reaching base of the V-mark. This marking
is thus like that of P. iiigrofasciatus I'rov., but the apical mark extends to the margin
on the veins, leaving a clear space between veins. The wings are more slender than
in that species, and the head is wholly yellow. Length 6-7 mm.

Many specimens from Guadalajara, Mexico.

Peripsocus fumosus, sp. nov.

I'ale yellowish-brown without distinct markings ; the ocellar spot shining black
and two faint marks behind ; the lobes of thorax darker in middle than on the sides.
Antenna dark, rather large, pilose. Legs pale brownish, the femora above, and the
tarsi darker brown ; abdomen dark brown. Wings uniformly dull blackish, with a
minute white spot at tip of posterior branch of median vein. Venation blackish ; hind
wings not so heavily fumose. The radial sector forked just above the last fork of
the median vein. Length to tip of wings, 3 mm.

Two specimens from southwestern Colorado (Oslar).

Peripsocus californicus, sp. nov.

Head pale, nasus brown, vertex with two brown spots ; thorax and abdomen
marked with brown ; antennce pale, basal joints reddish ; legs pale. Wings hyaline.

238 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

with ten small brown spots, as follows : one at base and one at apex of pterostigma,
one at connection of radial sector with median, and one at the termination of the each
of the seven veins. Wings slender ; pterostigma three times as long as wide, equally
wide throughout, radial sector and median meeting at but one point which is fuscous ;
no posterior cell ; fork of radial sector nearer base than last fork of the median ; vena-
tion yellowish and brown in fore wings, brown in hind wings. Length to tip of wings
2 mm.

Several specimens from Berkeley, Cal. Easily known by the ten
dots on wings.
Cascilius pinicola, sp. nov.

Pale yellow throughout ; a reddish spot each side of ocelli ; antennce rather heavy
and brown. Wings pale yellowish, venation of same color. Wings slender, ptero-
stigma long, rounded off behind ; radial sector and median vein united for about the
width of a cell ; radial sector forked before the second fork of the median vein ; pos-
terior cell half-elliptical. Length to tip of wings 2.5 mm.

Several specimens from Falls Church, Va., October 10, in pine
trees. Appears to be related to C. aiirantiacus, but separated by
lack of black posterior venation, and duller colored wings.

Ptilopsocus annulicornis, sp. nov.

Head yellowish, vertex blackish in the middle, nasus pale, clothed with many
short white hairs; eyes prominent; antennae very hairy, reaching tip of the body,
each segment white on basal third, rest black ; thorax rufous, darker on the sides ;
abdomen dark. Wings hyaline ; pterostigma, posterior cell, and tip of wing, brown ;
tip of hind wings faintly brown ; venation very hairy. Venation and shape of wings

Fig. I. Ptilopsocus annulicoi-nis. Venation of wing.

very much like P. griseolineatits Enderlein. The pterostigma very long, and
rounded behind ; the radial sector forked close to base ; the median vein with but
one fork which is toward tip of wing, beyond end of pterostigma, the posterior cell is
very large, elongate, larger than the pterostigma. The legs are pale, the hind femora
dark at base. Length to tip of wings 4 mm.

One specimen from Falls Church, Va., June 8. The four species
of this genus all come from Peru, and its discovery in the United
States is of much interest.

Chrvsopid^.

Leucochrysa punctata, sp. nov.

Head pale yellowish ; antennre pale yellowish ; pronotum pale, with a brown dot
each side toward the margin, rest of thorax pale, dark at base of wings ; legs pale ;

Dec, 1903.] Banks: New Neuropteroid Insects. 239

abdomen pale, brown towards tip. Wings hyaline, pterostigma in both pairs very
distinctly brown ; venation mostly pale, many of the cross-veins dark at ends, both
gradate series brown. Divisory veinlet of the third cubital cell starts near the lower
end of the cross-vein ; wings rather broad and rounded at tips. Length to tip of
wings 15 mm.

Two specimens from Guatemala. A very distinct species because
of the prominence of the pterostigma in all wings and the two brown
dots on pronotum.

Chrysopa aztecana, sp. nov.

Face yellowish, a black semicircle along base of clypeus ; basal joints of antennce
pale, beyond deep black ; palpi black, narrowly banded with pale, vertex pale, with
a median line and a reddish spot each side ; pronotum pale, brown on sides ; rest of
thorax pale ; abdomen brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma not marked ; venation
brown, except the subcosta, radius, and median veins, which are pale. Two series
of gradate veins in both wings ; divisory veinlet ending beyond the cross-vein. Wings
rather narrow, and acute at tips in both pairs. Length to tip of wings 15 mm.

One specimen from Truxpan, Mexico, September 5 CMcClendon).

SlALlD.t.

Corydalis texana, sp. nov.

General color luteous, blackish around ocelli, two punctate streaks behind scarcely
paler, pronotum with the hastate and lateral scars hardly paler than general surface ;
antennae blackish, basal joints yellowish ; legs yellowish, darker on base of tibia and
on tarsus. Wings with one white spot in each costal cell, the latter very regular in
size, many white dots scattered through the other cells ; forkings and cross-veins
mostly black ; costal cross-veins black at ends, longitudinal veins yellow, a few small
indistinct clouds in some cells, the pterostigma scarcely infuscated. Head not very
broad, in both sexes with a tooth behind eye ; male mandibles but little longer than
those of female, their greatest length hardly equal to length of head, without a free
tooth at base of the apical part or fang. Superior male appendages not very long,
incurved, and twisted toward tip ; inferior appendages upturned and clavate. Length
from tip of mandibles to tip of wing but 48 mm.; expanse of wings 76 mm.

One pair from Laredo, Te.xas, August 13 (McClendon). Sepa-
rated from all others by small size, small mandibles, and especially
from C. cognatd by absence of a subapical tooth to male mandibles,
and by the pale color of the scars on pronotum. Mr. Davis in his
recent monograph of the Sialidae has described a species from Ithaca,
N. Y, as Chauliodes concolor ; it differs, according to table, from C.
angusticollis in having black instead of brown antennae. No other
differences are given in the description. I have sjiecimens from Ithaca
which have brown antenn^^. This difference, I think in this family,
is not worthy of the barest notice; certainly it is not of specific value,
and C. concolor is ecjual to C. augusticollis. I also think that Mr.

240 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

Davis's S/a/i's vwrrisoni is only a specimen of ^. nevadensis not fully
colored. The two species were collected at same place on same date
by same party.

Myrmeleonid^.

Dendroleon pumilus Biirm.

This species does not seem to have been noted for many years.
Hagen in his " Stray Notes " does not treat of it. I have one speci-
men from Lake Worth, Florida, which may be described more fully
than the early accounts, as follows :

Head black, a pale transverse line from eye to eye above antennae ; pronotum jet
black, with a prominent white spot each side on the anterior margin ; thorax black,
sutures on pleura white ; abdomen black, a prominent white spot near middle of each
segment, and tips of third and fourth segments white on the sides ; legs black, knees,
middle of tibia and two bands on tarsus white, provided with erect white bristles.
Wings hyaline, veins black, longitudinal ones mostly interrupted with white, each
fore wing with about eleven prominent black spots, six along radius, between it and
the subcosta, one half way out on cubitus, one at fork of cubitus, two on upper fork of
cubitus, the last under last of radial series, and one at end of lower fork of cubitus,
where it meets the anal vein ; hind wings unmarked, venation brown. Prothorax
slender, legs slender, tibial spurs as long as first two joints of tarsus ; abdomen slender,
reaching scarcely to tip of hind wings. Anterior wings rather broad before tip,
scarcely falcate at tip ; hind ones narrower, but as long as fore wings, and rather more
falcate at tips. Anal vein ends as far out as origin of first fork of radial sector ; and
in hind wings, the anal vein does not go beyond fork of cubitus ; in fore wings are
three cross-veins basad of radial sector, in hind wings but two. Length 20 mm.

Readily known from D. obsoletiis by smaller size, smaller spots
on wings, absence of marks on hind wings, and color of head,
thorax, and legs, as well as the presence of marks on the abdomen.
It agrees with that species in all essential points of venation, but
being smaller, has not as dense venation, especially in apical part.

Brachynemurus dorsalis, sp. nov.

Face yellowish, a dark brown interantennal mark, concave below, a pale trans-
verse band from eye to eye above antennae ; vertex brown, with a small pale band
on posterior margin not reaching the eyes. Antennse brown, annulate with pale, basal
joints pale. Pronotum brown on sides, with a broad, pale median stripe, rather
broader in front than behind, continued back on thorax, but rather broken by median
marks ; lateral lobes brown, with a pale dot just above base of wings ; mesoscutellum
with a median brown stripe ; legs pale, the femora dark brown near tips, especially
on outer side, tibia with a narrow band near middle and one at tip, and tarsus with
two dark bands. Abdomen dark brown, unmarked. Wings hyaline, veins brown
interrupted with pale, a distinct brown dot at tip of upper fork of cubitus toward

Dec, 1903.] Banks: New Neuroptf.roid Insects. 241

outer margin of wings, and anotlier at end of lower fork near end of anal vein.
Wings rather narrow ; hut few costal cross-veins forked ; venation on usual plan.
Length 27 mm.

Laredo, Texas (McClendon). Similar in appearance to B. longi-
catiiiiis but markings of head, pronotum and legs entirely different.

Myrmeleon mexicanum, sp. nov.

Head black, shining below antenna and the scars on vertex ; lower part of face
pale yellowish as well as along eyes ; pronotum brown, with a pale yellowish spot at
each anterior corner, and sometimes two near the middle ; rest of thorax gray-brown,
abdomen same color, last segments partly pale ; legs pale yellowish, marked with
black, femora with a long black spot above near tip ; tibia with a black spot before
middle, and a band at tip ; the tarsi tipped with brown. The pale parts of the legs
are not dotted. The black spot on middle femora is larger than the others. Wings
hyaline, the longitudinal veins (except anal) interruptedly yellow and black, other
veins black ; pterostigma small, white. Length 35 mm., expanse 74 mm.

Several specimens from Guadalajara, Mexico (McClendon).

It differs from M. abdominalis in not having black dots on the
pale parts of the legs, and no pale spots on abdomen, except at tip.
It differs from M. occidcntalis in having the hind femora pale, with
only a black patch above and more white on face.

TRICHOPTERA.
Glyphot^lius bellus, sp. nov.

r'ace and vertex brownish, with short grayish hair, posterior margin with longer
erect hair; antennae yellowish, basal articles rather long, ocelli small, vertex flat;
prothorax short, with long yellowish hair; meso- and metathorax yellowish, with a
black stripe each side ; abdomen brown ; legs yellow -brown, spines small and black.
Anterior wings yellow in anterior half, brown on posterior half, a long silvery streak
in thyridial area nearly to base separates the two parts, this crosses the anastomosis
and extends into fifth apical cell for one third its length ; another silvery streak in
fourth apical cell nearly to base ; the outlines of these streaks are very clear near
anastomosis ; another hyaline streak in apical part of first subapical cell ; a faint trace
of a silvery streak along posterior edge of radius. Pterostigma rather darker than its
environment ; venation yellowish. Wing long ; posterior apical margin plainly ex-
cised ; pedicel of discal cell as long as cell ; second and fourth apical cells broad at
base ; radius at pterostigma curved. Hind wings hyaline ; the third, fourth and fifth
apicals extend nearer base than others ; a black dot in base of third. Length to tip
of wings 26 mm.

One specimen from Nanaimo, British Columbia, September 3 (Tay-
lor). This species differs much in appearance from G. hostilis ; the
incision of apex of wings is an even one, and the wings are much nar-
rower; the basal joints of the antennce are not as long, and the pro-
thorax is shorter.

242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi.

liomophylax nevadensis, sp. nov.

Pale yellowish, head and thorax unmarked, clothed with' yellow hair; abdomen
brown toward tip ; legs with black spines and yellow spurs, latter 1-2-2 ; antennce
yellow ; wings yellow, clothed with yellow or tawny hairs, with five dark brown,
pointed stripes ; one on the discal cell, one in fourth apical reaching nearly to tip,
one in second subapical, one in the thyridial cell, and a long one near base in anal
area. Hind wings yellowish ; venation of both pairs yellowish. The posterior and
anterior anastomoses are in the same line, making the apical cells very long. The
wings are rather more slender than in // flavipeiinis and the spur formula different.
Length to tip of wings 20 mm.

One specimen from Ormsby County, Nev., July 6 (Baker).

Asynarchus pallidus, sp. nov.

Face yellowish, vertex brownish-yellow ; antenna brown, pale yellow toward
tips. Head and thorax with yellow hair ; ocelli of moderate size. Meso- and
metathorax yellowish ; abdomen pale brown ; legs pale yellow, with black spines
wings pale yellow, sparsely yellow-haired, with yellowish venation, except that the
anastomosis is usually dark ; a dark dot usually present in base of third apical cell in
both wings, fifth apical cell in fore wings acute or even pedicellate, in hind wings first,
third and fifth apicals are acute at base ; anastomosis in hind wings often weak or
lacking ; radius in fore wings bent at pterostigma ; discal cell as long as pedicel.
Length to tip of wings 15 mm.

South Park, Colorado, August 23 (Oslar). This species apparently
approaches the genus Parachiona Thomson.
Neophylax fuscus, sp. nov.

Head black, with black hair ; antennae yellowish, basal joints long, brown ; thorax
black, with mostly black hair ; abdomen brown, legs pale yellowish, with a few black
spines. Spurs 1-2-2. Wings dark brown, indistinctly irrorate with pale ; hind
wings dusky ; venation of both pairs brown. Shape of wings and venation much a.
in N. concitinus ; the pterostigma prominent, and radius strongly bent at this point.
In hind wings the apical cells are variable, as in A^. conciniius. Length to tip of
wings 9 mm.

Agricultural College, Michigan, September 25 (Pettit) ; and Fran-
conia, N. Hamp. (Mrs. Slosson).

Leptocerus floridanus, sp. nov.

Head yellowish, clothed with long, white hair ; pronotum with long white hair ;
rest of thorax yellowish, with shorter and more sparse white hair ; antennae white,
narrowly annulate with dark brown ; legs yellow, with short white hair, tarsi banded
on tips with brown ; w^ngs pale brown, rather densely clothed with white hair,
mostly in small patches, giving the wing a marmorate appearance ; apical fringe alter-
nately brown and white ; hind wings with the apical part slightly infuscateds
Length to tip of wings 10 mm.

One specimen from Biscayne Bay, Florida (Slosson).

Differs from all our other species in the covering of hoary hair.

Dec, 1903] Uanks : Xiiw Neuroptf.roid Insects. 243

Hydropsyche analis, sp. nov.

Head black, with sparse black hair. Antenna; brown, annulate with pale;
thorax black, with some black and yellowish hair ; legs pale yellowish, a dark mark
on tips of tibire, and the tarsi dark ; abdomen brown. Wings a uniform brown,
except a triangular white mark at end of anal vein, surface very sparsely clothed with
short golden hairs ; hind wings not so dark as fore pair ; venation brown. Anterior
wings rather narrow, hind pair with a rather long fringe on posterior margin. Length
to tip of wings 7-8 mm.

Several specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., May till July; and River-
ton, New Jersey, July 16. Easily known from our other species by
the uniform brown wings, except the anal white mark.

Pellopsyche, gen. nov.

Venation like Philopotamus and Dolophilus except that the cross-vein which in
those genera arises from the base of the thyridial cell in this genus arises beyond
middle of that cell and continues across the cubitus to the anal vein ; this probably
being due to the wing being narrower than in those genera. Discal cell short and

Fig. 2. Pillopsyche signata. ^'enation of wing.

narrow ; both branches of the radial sector forked beyond anastomosis ; upper branch
of medius forked beyond the anastomosis, lower branch at anastomosis. Spurs 2-4-4 ;
ocelli present ; palpi slender and long, antenna as long as wings, first joint enlarged.

Pellopsyche signata, sp. nov.

Head yellow, with long white hair in front and above ; antennre pale, tips of
joints are narrowly brown ; palpi pale ; legs pale ; spurs yellowish ; abdomen pale
yellow. Wings pale yellowish ; venation yellowish ; anastomosis black and a blackish
mark near pterostigma ; beyond this is a broad white band, aud beyond the wing is
broadly brown. On the white part are white hairs, elsewhere the hair is golden.
On fork of median vein is a prominent circular black dot, and a similar one is on fork
of lower branch of radial sector. Hind wings hyaline; both pairs with long pale
fringe. Length to tip of wings 5 mm.

Several specimens from Ft. Collins, Colorado (Titus).

244 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

NE\V GENERIC TYPES OF BOMBYCINE MOTHS.

By Alpheus S. Packard.

The following descriptions of new genera are published in advance
of the monographic revision of the families to which they are here re-
ferred. All of the genera of Hemileucidae are from the neogaeic
realm, or the tropical region of Mexico, and the South American con-
tinent.

Family Hemileucid/e.

Rhodormiscodes, gen. nov.

Imago. — Male. Front of the head a little broader than in Orviiscodes. An-
tennse shorter and wider than in that genus ; as usual pectinated to the tip, the ex-
tremity of which is subfiliform ; antennal joints shorter than in Onniscodes. Two
pairs of pectinations, the distal pair larger than in Orniiscodes, those on the inner
side only slightly shorter than those on the outer side. Palpi ascending and project-
ing beyond the front, much larger, longer and wider, with shorter closer squamation,
than in Orniiscodes ; third joint distinct, about one half as long as second jomt is
wide, while in Ormiscodes they are depressed, small, short and indistinct, and with
irregular scales.

Thorax with scattered long flattened hairs, as in Ormiscodes.

Fore wings more falcate than in Ormiscodes, costa fuller, more convex toward
apex ; outer edge short ; wings subfalcate, but not excavated behind the apex.
Hind wings regularly rounded on the apex and inner angle, much more so than in
Ormiscodes, and of quite different shape from that genus.

Venation : Vein II I arises near the outer end of the discal cell, /. e., much
nearer the origin of the anterior discal vein, and the two discal veins make a straight
line, not an oblique one as in Ormiscodes cinnamofnea, and they are situated inside
of the middle of the wing. In the hind wing veins II i, 2, 3 arise farther apart
than in O. cinnamomea.

Markings : No white discal spot, but an irregular dark one. Purple tints with
purple-brown markings, and roseate hind wings. The abdomen is banded with yel-
low and black.

This genus is based on Ormiscodes rosea Druce.

Geograpliical Distribution. — Vera Cruz, Mexico (Franck).

This genus differs from Ormiscodes not only in the venation, but
in the larger palpi, the shorter, broader antennae, subfalcate fore wings
and more rounded hind wings. The thorax is eqtially shaggy and
wooly and the legs thick and hairy. In the shape of the fore wings
and absence of a discal spot it somewhat approaches Hylesia.

Dec, 1903] Packard: Genera of Bombvcine Moths. 245

Hyperdirphia, gen. nov.

Imago. — Male. Head narrower in front than \x\ Dirphia {D. /largen). An-
tennae of tnale the same as in Dirphia {D. /uvgr>ri), pointed at the end and pecti-
nated to the tip ; the distal pectinations being a little shorter, so that the tip is more
prolonged, filiform, than in Dirphia. Eyes large, decidedly more prominent and
globose than in Dirphia. Palpi very much larger and wider than in Dirphia and
extending well beyond the front ; third joint distinct.

Thorax normal, not shaggy, but with a soft, rather short fur-like coat, with no
long thickened hairs, such as are characteristic of Dirphia [D. hageri).

Fore wings very short and broad, costa regularly arched, apex siiuarish, outer
edge much as in D. ha-geri, though less oblique. Hind wings large and wide, outer
edge full and rounded, extending a little beyond the abdomen.

Venation : The discal cell is broader and the two discal veins taken together are
more oblique than in Dirphia; also vein II I arises nearer the origin of the anterior
discal vein, /. e., much nearer the outer end of the discal cell. In the hind wings
the outer side of the discal cell is more oblique, and the posterior discal vein longer
than in Dirphia.

Abdomen banded as in Dirphia hoegeri.

Markings : The ground color of the fore wings a frosty, tawny hue, with a
peculiar, very large brown discal spot one half as wide as the wing itself, and broken
up by the discal veins and vein IV, which are snow-white. No basal or extradiscal
lines in male, but they are present in female. Hind wings ochreous tawny, with a
slight dusky discal streak ; no discal spots beneath.

The type of this genus is Cramer's Attacus tarqiiinia (Papillons
Exotiques, I, p. 6, PI. IV, A, 9 , B, C, $ , from Surinam ; my ex-
ample coming from French Cayenne).

This genus, represented by a single species, is interesting as being
a connecting link between the Dirphia group and the Automeris
group of genera. At first sight it would be mistaken for an Automeris
or ally of that genus, but on closer examination it will be found to be
more nearly allied structurally to Dirphia, especially the hcegeri sec-
tion. It is a mistake, however, to refer it to Dirphia, since it de-
cidedly differs besides the extraordinary style of coloration, in the
much larger and longer palpi, the narrower front of the head, and the
more elongated tip of the male antennae. It is an intermediate form
very decidedly linking Dirphia with Protautomeris and the Automeris
group of generic forms.
Protautomeris, gen. nov.

Imago. — Male. Head moderately broad, narrowing somewhat towards the labial
region. Antennae of male much as in Dirphia {D. hageri), not very long but dif-
fering from Dirphia in the extreme tip being subfilifrom ; the distal pectinations
about three quarters as long as the basal ones ; the joints in the middle of the an-
tenna: rather short.

246 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi. xi.

Palpi stout, porrect, slightly exceeding the front, and with close scales ; third
joint distinct, but short and somewhat depressed.

Thorax stout, with a few fine slender but long hair-like scales, i. e., flattened
hairs, on each side of the patagia.

Fore wings much as in Automeris, the wings more falcate than in Dirphin ; costa
well curved before the apex which is subacute ; outer edge much shorter than the
inner and very slightly concave. Hind wings much rounded at the apex ; outer
edge full and convex, the inner angle extending as far as the tip of the abdomen.
Venation: Differs from that oi Automeris io in vein II (first subcostal) arising
nearer the middle of the discal space, while the independent vein arises near the middle
of the discal space, i. e., the two discal veins are of nearly the same length, while in
A. io the anterior discal is very much shorter than the posterior. In the hind wings
the discal cell is narrower than in A. io.

Colors and markings : Very similar to those of some of the species of Automeris.
A curved irregularly scalloped basal line ; extradiscal line strongly rnarked, oblique,
a little curved and ending as in Automeris at the apex. Ocellus faint, much as in
Automeris. Hind wings with a well-marked very large ocellus of the Automeris type
and partly surrounded by a heavy black extradiscal line.

Abdomen lake-red, but tawny yellowish at tip.

This genus is based on Dirphia mceonia of Druce, the only spe-
cies yet known.

Geographical Distribution. — So far as yet known the single species
of the genus is confined to Mexico, but may be found to extend into
Central America.

This rather remarkable genus is a very interesting annectant form
between the two principal subdivisions of the family Hemileucidae
represented by Dirphia and Automeris. It differs from Dirphia and
Hyperdirphia in the much smaller palpi, which are much as in Auto-
Dieris, being of about the same length, though the antennae are of the
same shape as in the two former genera. In the shape of the wings
it approaches Automeris, and still more in the markings in which it is
in advance of its structural features, having the oblique extradiscal line
of the fore wings, and the very large and perfect ocellus of the hinder
ones. The erect long thoracic hair-like thoracic scales may be an in-
heritance from Dirphia, while in the single known species the abdo-
men is not striped with dark and yellow, but is reddish carmine. It
is most probable that the Automeris group originated from a form sim-
ilar to this. Its larval history would be most interesting.

Eusyssaura, gen. nov.

Syssaura Huebner (in part), Verzeichniss, p. 150, 1816 (1822?).
Oxytenis WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., V, p. iiSi, 1855. Kirbv, Syn.
Cat. Lep. Het., I, p. 770, 1892.

Dec, 1903.] Packard: Genera of Bombycine Moths. 247

I Male. Pront of the head rather short and unusually broad ; it is not exactly
square as in Oxytenis, but is a little narrower in front than on the vertex. Male an-
tennae well pectinated to the tip ; the branches being long and ciliated, and drooping
so as to be folded close together as in Platypteryx, etc., not spread wide open as usual
in the Saturniidn; ; the antennal joints are short, bearing but a single pair of |ieclina-
tions, but they are so close as to appear as if there were two pairs to a joint. Max-
illary palpi well developed, united, quite long, much longer than u.sual in the group,
reaching down to the base of the labial palpi. Maxillary palpi well developed, in
my example distinct, slender, and as long as the two maxillae measured across their
base. Labial palpi unusually large and thick, blunt at the end, being considerably
larger and thicker than in Oxytenis {0. /amis) ; the basal joint short; the second
very long and large, thick, extending very far (for this family) beyond the front ;
third joint small, depressed, not so distinct as in O. lainis. Eyes moderately large.

Fore wings of almost exactly the shape of those of Platypteryx, the apex being
much more produced than in Oxytenis and scjuare at the tip ; the costa is much
curved towards the apex ; outer edge deeply excavated towards the apex ; inner
angle rectangular. Venation : Very different from that of Oxytenis since II I is very
short arising not within the origin of the discal vein but far out near the end of I.
II 2 wanting. In both wings the forward discal vein much curved inward, the hinder
vein oblique and not curved. Hind wings full, apex not so round as in Oxytenis,
more angular; outer edge regularly convex and rounded ; inner edge nearly straight
and long; the end of the abdomen reaches a little beyond the middle of the hind
wings. Venation : remarkable for the presence of a long vestige of vein VIII.

The markings are almost exactly of the pattern of those of Platypteryx. The
general color is that of a dead leaf ; on the fore wings is an extradiscal distinct
oblique line, beginning on the middle of the inner edge and extending obliquely, but
not wavy, to the apex. A zigzag line beyond ; this oblique line extends to the hind
wings, where it is also distinct, straight ; beyond it is a zigzag- line. Discal dots
minute, black accompanied on the fore wings by a few white scales.

The type of this genus is Attacus honesta Stoll, IV, t. 302, C, D,
I 781. Druce's Oxytenis malacena from Panama is a member of this
genus, the species of which range from Nicaragua to the Amazons.

Mesoleuca, gen. nov.

Ilemileiica Walker, in part. Cat. Lep. Ilet. 15r. Mus., VI, 1855, p. 1319.

Imago. — Male. Closely allied to Hemileuca but differing in the larger, longer
palpi, the shorter wings, and in the venation.

Head as in HemiUnea, hairy and shaggy in front, of about the same width between
the eyes, which are of the same size as in Hemileuca. The antennce differ in the
joints being longer, so the pectinations are farther apart, but in their length and
hairiness the two genera are similar. Palpi much longer and more distinct than in
Hemileuca, projecting well beyond the front, but the hairs on them are bushy or
shaggy and irregular. The thorax and abdomen are as in Hemileuca.

Fore wings rather shorter and broader, and the hind wings broader and rather
more rounded at apex. The hind wings extend as far as the end of the abdomen.
The venation in general is as in Hemileuca, but with the notable difference from any

248 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

other genus of HemileucidK that vein 115 arises rather far from the origin of III I,
far from the discal veins ; the latter also are oblique, especially the posterior one.
Hind wings with the discal veins very oblique, the other veins much as in Ilemileuca,

Markings : wings all pale, tending to ochreous whitish, the veins being dark,
distinct ; no discal spot and no bars, only a submarginal brown line common to both
wings.

There are no long flattened hairs on the thorax.

The type of this genus is Hemileuca venosa Walker.

The species is confined to northeastern South America, M. venosa
occurring in Venezuela (Caraccas) and Colombia (Bogota). My ex-
ample was compared with Walker's type in the British Museum, and
the localities mentioned are from the labels in that museum.

Family Ceratocampid.b, subfamily Bun^in^.
Leucopteryx, gen. nov.

Iviago. - The head is partially concealed by the high overhanging thorax ; it
is not prominent ; the front unusually wide between the eyes. The antennae are
wanting in my specimen. The vestiture of the front short, fine and wooly.

Palpi not visible, apparently I -jointed, short, feeble and drooping. Body rather
stout ; the vestiture short, the hairs very fine and rather short.

Fore wings short and broad, not falcate ; costa straight, a little curved towards
the apex, which (though broken oft) appears to be rather obtuse and subrectangular ;
outer edge shorter than the inner and slightly convex. Hind wings rather long, costa
not very convex, apex rounded, outer edge full, well rounded, inner edge rather long,
extending a little beyond the end of the abdomen.

Venation. Closely similar to that of Heniocha terpsichore ; the first subcostal
vein (Hi) arising in the same position and ending just before the apex of the fore
wing; theoriginof the semi independent vein (ni3) is the same, and the discocellulars
collectively made a slight inward angle ; in the hind wing they make a straight line.

Markings : Ground-color white and pearl-ash gray ; no definite lines on the
wings of either pair. On the fore wings a moderately large round discal spot, solid
in the center except a narrow, clear, linear chink. On the hind wings no complete
ocellus, but a subtriangular, dark, opaJce spot, with a slight linear chink or fissure.

The type of this genus is( Ceranthia ? mollis Butler, Trans. Ent.
Soc. London, 1889, p. 391, PI. 12, Fig. 5. I have had the oppor-
tunity through the kindness of Dr. H. G. Dyar of e.^amining a female
from Tana River, East Africa, north of Mombasa, collected by the
Chandler Expedition for the U. S. National Museum.

Geographical Distribution. — Ethiopian realm. Eastern Africa,
Mombasa and Tana River, north of Mombasa in British East Africa.

This genus by its venation closely approaches the African species
referred to Heniocha {H. terpsichore), but differs from any of that

Dec, 1903. J Proceedings of the Society. 249

group in the shorter, wider fore wings, and the absence of any trans-
verse lines. The type of Mr. Butler's description is in the British
Museum.

Meetint, ok May 19.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Tuesday evening, May 19
at 8 o'clock.

In absence of the President and Vice-President, Rev. J. L. Zabriskie was elected
to preside at the meeting.

The following members were present: Messrs. Barber, Brues, Davis, Joutel,
Love, O'Connor, Southwick, Bueno, Zabriskie and visitors Mr. Martin and daughter.

Mr. Davis of the Field Committee reported that the next field trip would be to
Fort Montgomery, N. Y., May 29 to 31. Also on June 14 the committee had ar-
ranged a field trip to Huguenot, Staten Island.

Mr. Engelhardt was elected an active member of the society on motion of Dr.
Love.

On motion of Mr. Joutel the society voted to discontinue its meetings during June.

The first paper of the evening was by Mr. Zabriskie on the subject of " The Mi-
croscopical .Study of the Food of Trox unis/riatus."

Mr. Zabriskie stated that he had subjected some specimens of this beetle to the
action of a weakened solution of caustic soda in order to prepare them for dissec-
tion. They had been collected some nine years ago from the carcass of a horse.
On opening the stomach of these beetles he had discovered a great number of little
black rod-like objects. He mounted some on a slide and e.xamined under a mi-
croscope and after some investigation he had decided that they were the snipped-oft"
butt ends of horse hairs. He called attention to the fact that all of the hairs which he
exhibited under the microscope were snipped off in the same oblique manner.

Mr. Zabriskie also exhibited under the microscope the stalked eggs of Xiphydria
tnaciilata, one of the wood-boring wasps. Mr. Joutel exhibited some of the stages
as well as drawings of some of the Bombycine larv?e from Japan. He called atten-
tion particularly to the difference in the larvre at different moults.

Mr. Brues mentioned that he had collected recently an interesting wingless
hymenopteron, Isobrachium rufiventre Ashm., at Ft. Lee, N. J., which was new to
the New Jersey List of Insects.

Mr Brues then read a paper on the subject of " The Sleeping Habits of Some
Aculeate Hymenoptera."

Mr. lUieno stated that he had noticed that the Cicindda sexgiittala which
he had taken at Fort Lee, N. J., had a peculiar odor similar to that of an enraged
bee. He also exhibited a number of live Plea striata taken at Van Cortlandt Park.

Mr. Davis then made some remarks about the early collection of certain butter-
flies as evidence of the early spring of 1903. He had taken Lycitna pseudargiolus
on Staten Island, March 28. On two previous years the butterfly has been observed

250 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.

as early as April 2, but its first appearance is usually about the middle of April. The
full-grown caterpillar ol Phyciodes tharos was taken at Richmond, Staten Island, on
March 29. It pupated quickly and the butterfly hatched on April 20.

Mr. Scudder says that in " Massachusetts these caterpillars are full fed by the
middle of May."

Mr. Davis also related an interesting experience which he had with the large red
and black ant [Formica riifa) at Paterson, N. J. The ants when disturbed had a
peculiar way of standing erect on their second and third pair of legs, and then turn-
ing the abdomen forward and upwards they squirted a considerable spray of formic
acid at their tormentors. *

Mr. Barber exhibited a number of specimens of Coleoptera to show the results of
his spring collecting about the vicinity of New York.

Society adjourned.

THE MOTH BOOK.

A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Moths of North America.
By W. J. Holland, D.D., Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D. New York,
Doubleday, Page & Company, 1903. Pp. xxiv + 479, pi. 48.
This fine and valuable book has appeared at last. We congratulate
our friend, Dr. Holland, for his painstaking work, which without any
question or doubt will gladden the hearts of all interested in the study
of Lepidoptera. Although we do not quite agree with the nomencla-
ture adopted by Dr. Holland and with the identification of some of
the species, we express a hope that the edition will be exhausted soon
and that the few shortcomings will be corrected in the second edition.

W. Beutenmuller.

* Prof. W. M. Wheeler informs us that this position in defending its nest is char-
acteristic of Formica rufa and serves at once to distinguish it from other species of
Formica which have similar coloration, size and nest architecture. — W. B.

Index to Volume XI.

Abagrotis ornatus Smith, n. sp., 4
Abeb;va lluhncr, table of species, 53

cervclla Wals. , 55

cockcrella Busck, n. sp. , 54

deiicatella Dusck, n. sp., 53

gerdanella Busck, n. sp., 53

nella IJusck, n. sp. , 54

quercicella Busck, n. sp., 55

subluceila Wals., 54

subsylvella Wals., 55
Adalia ^Iuls. , table of species, 194

annectans Crotch, 195

bipunctata Linn., 195

frigida Schneid., 195

humeralis Say, 196

ludoviciv Muls., 196
Adoiiia constellata l.aich., 39
.(■Edomyia squamniipenne Arrib., 143
Agrabia cyanoptera Muls., 196
Anacampsis coverdalella Kearf. , n. sp.,

162
Anarta laerta Smith, 11. sp., 20
Anatis quinquedecimpunctata Oliv., 207

rathvoni Lee, 2C'S
Anisoclava duodecinmiaculata CJebl., 207

qualrodecimguttata Linn., 206
Anisosticta episcopalis Kirb., 37

seriata Mels. , 37

strigata 'J'huiil)., 37
Ant and Termite guests, talk on, 175
Anytus teiuiilinea Smith, 11. sp., 192
Apiihes agitator Uhler, 173
Ashmead, Win. II., articles by, 28, 86,

144
Aspidiotus californicus Coleman, n. sp.,
64
ehrhorni Coleman, n. sp. , 68
llorenciic Coleman, n. sp., 66
shastic Coleman, n. var., 67
Asynarchus pallidus I5anks, n. sp. , 242

Basina;, table of genera, 88

Banks, Nathan, articles by, 227, 236

Beutenmuller, article by, 250

Book notice, Holland's Moth book, 250

Brachynemurus dorsalis Banks, n. sp.,

240
Brues, Charles T., article by, 228
Bueno, J. R. de la Torre, articles by,

128, 166, 228

Busck, August, articles by, 45, 106

Cacellus Ashmead, n. n., 92
C'Eecilius pinicola Banks, n. sp., 238
Call, Dr. K. E., lecture by, 114
Carneades focinus .Smith, n. sp., 7

masculinus Smith, n. sji., 6
Cassida viridis, 1 13
Cassidini, exhibition of, 113
Catocala herodias Streck, 1 12

theory as to evolution of color in
hind wings, 221
Cerambycidse, certain genera of, 113
Ceraphronidre, table of subfamilies, 33
Ceraphronina", table of genera, 35
Ceratomegilla ulkei Cr. , 39
Cerma fascia Smith, n. sp. , 1 90
Cerostoma Latr. , synopsis of species, 48
aleutianella Beut., 49
angelicella Jjusck., n. sp., 49
arizonella Busck, n. sp., 50
barberella Bu.sck, n. sp., 51
manella Busck, n. sp., 51
olivella Busck., 49
radiatella Don., 50
rubrella Dyar, 50
schwarziella Busck, n. sp , 51
striatella Busck, n. sp. , 52
unicipunctella Busck, n. sp., 48
Chrysopa aztecana Banks, n. sp., 239
Chytonix laticlava Smith, n. sp., 189

parvimacula Smith, ii. sp., 189
Cicindela schrefferi Horn, n. sp., 213
Cicindelidre of Mexico, list of, 214
Coccidreon Coniferous hosts in California,

73

general references, 80
Coccinella Linn., synopsis of species, 196

difficilis Cr., 200

menetriesii Muls., 20I

monticola Muls., 198

9-notata Herbst, 189

transversoguttata Fald., 199
Coccinellidre, notes on, 35, 193
Coccinellini, table of genera, 194
Codling moth, generic name of, 106
Coleman, Geo. A., article by, 61
Conservula furva Schaus, n. sp. , 235
Corydalis texana Banks, n. sp., 239
Cosmia venosa Smith, n. sp., 21

251

252

Journal New York Entomological Society.

Crambus vachellellus Kearfott, n. sp., 149
Culex annulifera Ludlow, n. sp., 1 41

bimaculatus Coq., 27

consobrinus Desv., 24

fragilis Ludlow, n. sp., 142

nigriiulus Zett., 24

signifer Coq., 26

taniorhynchus Wied., 23

triseriatus Say, 25
Cuterebra fontinella, 115
Cycloneda sanguinea Linn., 202
Dactylopius andersoni Coleman, n. .sp. ,
62

dudleyi Coleman, n. sp., 63
Daecke, E., article by, 105
Dendroleon pumilus Burni., 240
Uesvoidea fusca Theob. , 140
Diapriidte, table of subfamilies, 28
Diapriinne, table of genera, 30
Dyar, Harrison G., articles by, 23,
102, 104

Epidemas obscurus Smith, n. sp., 2
Epimenia cicutaella Kearf. , n. sp., 162

ramapoella Kearf., n. sp., 164
P'riopsis connexa Germ., 39
Eueretagrotis inattentus Smith, n. sp., 5
Eusyssaura Packard, n. gen., 246
Euxoa nesilens Smith, n. sp., 192

Felt, Dr. E. P., lecture by, 176
Finlaya poicilia Theob., 140
Fishia vinela Smith, n. sp., 191
Formica rufa, defensive position of, 250

Glyphota;lius bellus Banks, n. sp., 241
Cnorimoschema artemisiella Kearf., n.
sp., 160
busckiella Kearf., n. sp., 158
Goes pulverulenta, 173
Grabhamia spencerii Theob., 143

Hadena alberta Smith, n. sp., 8
albiserrata Smith, n. sp., 8
evelina French, 192
parcata Smith, n. sp., 9

Harmonia pi eta Rand, 205

Ilarpipteryx Hubn., table of species, 56
canariella Wals., 56
dentiferella Wals., 56
frustrella Wals., 57.

Ilimella azucara Schaus, n. sp. 235
chocosticta, Schaus, n. sp., 232
diplogramma Schaus, n. sp. , 232
gigantea Schaus, n. sp. 233
gonostigma, Schaus, n. sp., 233
ignescens Schaus, n. sp., 232
leucoptera Schaus, n. sp. , 234

Ilimella marginalis Schaus, n. sp., 233

mediorufa Schaus, n. sp., 234

nigripars .Schaus, n. sp., 231

ochrota Schaus n. sp., 233

pallescens Schaus, n. sp., 235

rubripuncta Schaus, n. sp., 232

secedens Schaus, n. sp., 234

violascens Schaus, n. sp., 234
Hippodamia Muls. , table of species, 40

ambigua Lee, 41

americana Crotch, 44

convergens Guer. , 42

dispar Casey, 44

e.xtensa Muls., 41

falcigera Crotch, 44

glacialis Fab., 41

lecontei Muls., 41

moesta L^ec, 41

oregonensis Cr. , 42

parenthesis Say, 44

15-niaculata Muls., 42

quinquesignata Kirb. , 40

sinuata Muls., 42

spuria Lee, 42

13-punctata Linn., 44.

variegata Goeze, 44
Hippodamiini, table of genera, 36
llomogltea carnosa Grote, 112
Homophylax nevadensis Banks, n. sp.,

242
Horn, Walther, article by, 213
Hydrtecia cauta Schaus, n. sp., 235

pexa .Schaus, n. sp., 235.
Hydropsyche analis Banks, n. sp. , 243
Hymenoptera, sleeping habits of, 228.
Hyperdirphia Packard, n. gen., 245.

Inostemninre, table of genera, 95
Insects, color preference in, 132

Japyx Hal., synopsis of North American
.species of, 129
minimus Swenk, n. sp., 13I
Johnson, W. G., lecture by, 116

Kearfott, W. D., article by, 145

Lachnosterna postrema Horn, 1 15
Leng, Chas. W., articles by, 35, 193
Leptocerus floridanus Banks, n. sp., 242
Letcher. B., article by, 125
[>eucaspis cupressi Coleman, n. sp., 71

kelloggi Coleman, n. sp., 68
Leucochry.sa punctata Banks, n. sp, 238
Leucopteryx Packard, n. gen., 248
Ludlow, C. S., article by, 137
I Luperina migrata Smith, n. sp. , 188

1ni>kx.

'J5.3

Lycophotia niicrostigma Scbaus. n. sp. ,

230
MacGillivray, article by, 99
Mamestra, general notes on, 13

flavidentula Schaus, n. sp., 230
goniopliora Schaus, n. sp., 231
lunolacta Smith, n. sp.. 17
paranica Schaus, n. sp , 231
viriditincta Schaus, n. sp , 230
Mansonia africana Theoii., 143
Megaplastopria Ashmead, n. gen., 31
Megaspiliniv, table of genera, ;^^
Megilla floridana Leng, n, sp., 38

maculata I)e(i., ^8
Mesoleuca Packard, n. gen., 247
Miscodera arctica I'avk., 175
Moma geminata Smith, n. sp. , i
Mosquitoes of Philippines, 137
Myrmeleon mexicanum Hanks, n. sp.,
241

Needham, J. (). and .\nthony, Maude

H., article by, 1 18
Neoharmonia amjila Muls., 202

nodulata Muls., 202

venusta Melsh., 202
Neomysia Casey, synopsis of species, 208

hornii Crotch, 209

pullata Say, 209

subvittata Muls., 209
Neophylax fuscus Hanks, n. sp., 242
Xephelodes tertialis Smith, n. sp. , 19
Notoxoides Ashmead, n. gen., 30

Odonata, skewness of thorax in, 1 17

Olla abdominalis Say, 205
oculala Fab., 204

Oncocnemis aurea Grote, lO
chorda Crote, li
euta .Smith, n. sp., 1 1
ni<.;errima Smith, n. sp., 10
rosea Smith, n. sp., 11
simplicia Smith, n. sp. , 12

Orgilus kearfolti Ashmead, n. sp., 144

Packard, A. S., articles by, 132, 244
Pamphila attalus Edw., 114
bimaculata G. & R., 114
dion l'"-dw., 114
Paran;iemia vittigera Mann., 38
Pellopsyche Hanks, n. gen., 243

signata Hanks, n. sp., 243
Pelocorsis femorata DeB., notes on life

history of, 166
Pentatomid;\;, list of species near New

York. 1 28, 227, 22S
Peranabrus scai)ricollis Thom., intern d
anatomy of, 182

Perigrapha duckinfeldi Schaus, n. sp.,

236
Peripsocus californicus Banks, n. sp., 237

fumosus Hanks, n. sp. , 237
Phenacoccus kuwana: Coleman, n. sp.. 62
Phiprosopus callitrichoides Guen., larva

of, 105
Phryganidia californica Pack., larva and

pupa, 125
Physokermes concolor Coleman, n. sp. , 73

taxifolise Coleman, n. sp. , 72
Pins, winding elbow, 99
Platigasteridre, table of subfamilies, 95
Platygasterinte, table of genera, 96
Proapanteles recurvaria; Ashmead, n.

sp., 144
Proceedings of the New York entomt)-

logical society. III, 173, 249
Prodoxus Riley, synopsis of species, 103
Pronuba Riley, synopsis of species, 102

aterrima Trelease, 102

maculata Riley, I02

paradox a Riley, 103

yuccasella Riley, 102
Protaumeris Packard, n. gen., 245
Psocus genuialis Hanks, n. sp. , 236

slossoniaj Hanks, n. sp., 236

tolteca Banks, n. sp., 237
Psyllobora Chev., synopsis of species, no

20-maculata Say, 210

nana Muls., 211

renifer Casey, 210

tKdata Lee, 211
Ptilopsocus annulicornis Banks, n. sp.,
238

Recurvaria, synopsis of species, 152
juniperella Kearf , n. sp., 157
nigra Kearf, n. var. , 156
pice:ella Kearf., n. sp., 155
thujaella Kearf., n. sp., 154
Rhodomiscodes Packard, n. gen., 244
Rhynchagrotis ineta Smith, n. sp., 3
niger Smith, n. sp., 3

Scelionidie, table of subfamilies, 86
Scelionina;, table of genera, 91
Schaus, William, article by, 230
Scopelosoma Colorado Smith, n. sp., 21
Scotogramma, general notes on, 18

albinuda Smith, n. sp., 19
Serpent flies, remarks by R. Osborn, 174
Smith John B., articles by, I, 188
Snodgrass, R. E. , articles by, 178, 183
South wick, E. H., Lecture by, 115
Spilomicrince, table of genera, 28
Stegomyia amesii Ludlow, n. sp., 139

nivea Ludlow, n. sp., 139

25-1:

Journal New York Entomological Society.

Strategus julianus, remarks on, 1 14
Swenk, Myron H., article by, 129
Sympbysa adealis, Kearfott, n. sp., 145

Teleasinte, table of genera, 89
Telenominae, table of genera, 87
Termes flavipes, true female of, 1 13
Thallassa montezumne Muls., 211
Thaumatopsis daeckeellus Kearf. , n. sp.,

149
Theristis Hubn, 58
Tipulidse, terminal abdominal segment

of females, 178
Trachoma Wall, table of species, 57
falciferella Wals., 5.7

Trachoma senex Wals., 58

\valsinghan>ella Busck, n. sp. , 57
Trox unistriatus, food of, 249

Webster, F. M., article by, 59
Weeks, A. C, article by, 221

Xanthopasti.s timais Cram., larva of, 104

YponomeutidiTe, synopsis of genera of

Cerostoma group, 47
Yama-mai moths, II2

Zelleria celastrusella Kearf., n. sp., 150.,

Joiini. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XI. J'l. /.

Genitalia of Noctuido:'.

Journ. N. Y. Etit. Soc.

Vol. XT. PI. II.

B

Vi,..'i'i'''""'i'"'<''

B 4

I, Cu/fx UHior/ij„u/,us ; 2, Stegomyia fasciata ; 3, CuUx nigritulus:
4, Culex consobrinus.

Jouni. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XT. PL III,

I, Culex iriseyiatus ; 2, Culex sigmfer : 3, Culex bimacuh

litis.

Joiirn. N. V. Enf. Soc.

Vol. XI. PI. IV.

North American Coccinellidit.

Jouni. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XI. PL V.

M?\?;

New Coccidit.

Journ. N. Y. Eiit. Soc

Vol. XI. PL VI.

New Coccida?.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soi
1^

Vol. XI. PI. VII.

New Coccid:e.

Jotini. N. Y. Riif. Soc.

Vol. XL PL VI IL

\«

Skewness of Thorax in Odonata.

Joiini. N. V. Ent. S,

New Tineoidea.

Journ. N. Y. Eiit. Soc.

Vol. XL PI. X.

Terminal Abdominal Segments of Female TipulidcE.

Jouni. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XI. PL XL

Wt ^ X

Terminal Abdominal Segments of Female Tipulid^.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc

Vol. XL PL XI r.

^,j.;S?^^^-^a:2p?^^g*^„..

0\f ^

Internal Anatomv of Peranabrus scabricollis.

/ourti. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XI. PL XIII.

S<iS c

Internal Anatomy of Peranabrus scabricollis.

Vol. XL PL XIV.

LA HARMONIA ANISOCALVIA

V^

ADALIA COCrnTELL/^

:=:^ a

I

L

ANTERIOR CLAW _ „

ANATIS A NAT IS NEOMYSIA psyllobo^^^

6 9

10 11 3&

^5 1"^ 15 16 IT 18

North American Coccinellitte.

Joiirn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XI. PI. XV.

19 ZQ Zl Zt Z^

^8 .19 30 31 3^ 33 34 'i^ 30

37 38 39 40 41

46 47 48 4g 5-0 51 5a 53

North American Coccinellidi^.

^

.^'

c

Vol. XL

S'^6'

No. I,

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society,

Devoted to Entomology in General.

MARCH, 1903.

Edited by William Beutenmuller

Publication Committee.
W. D. Kearfott. William Beutenmuller.

Harrison G. Dyar. Herman Hug.

Publistieci Quarterly by the Society.

ANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1903.

THE NEM ERA PHltfT, LAHCA8TEII, PA,

CONTENTS.

New Noctuids for 1903. Ko. 2, with Notes on Uameetra and Scotogramma. By
John B. Smith 1

Illustrations of the Larvae of North American Culicidae- III. By Harrison G.
Dyar 23

Classification of the Pointed-tailed Wasps or the Superfamily Froctotrypoidea — II.
By William H. Ashmead 28

Notes on Coccinellidae. By Charles W. Leng 35

Notes on the Cerostoma Gronp of Yponomeutidae, with Descriptions of New North
American Species. By August Busck • ■ 45

The Price of Dairy Prodacts as Influencing the Abundance of some Insects By
F. M. "Webster 69

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, 106 W. 133d St.; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th St., New York
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Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per
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separates of such contribution, and if a larger number be desired, they be
supplied at cost ; provided notice to that effect is sent to the Editor before
the issue is printed.

Vol. XI.

No. 2.

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society,

Devoted to jEutomolog^ in General.

JUNE, 1903.

Edited by William Beutenmuller

Publication Covimittee.

W. D. Kearfott.
Harrison G. Dyar.

William Beutenmuller.
Herman Hug.

F'u.blistieci Qiaarterly by th.e Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1903.

THC NIW EHA PWMT, tANCACTEA, PA.

COKTEWTS.

Coccidae of the Coniferae, with the Descriptions of Ten New Species from California.

By George A. Coleman gi

Classification of the Pointed-tailed Wasps, or the Superfamily Proctotrypoidea— III.

By William H. Ashmead gg

Winding Elbow-pins. By Alex. D. MacGillivray . . 99

A Eeview of the North American Species of Pronuba and Prodoxis. By Harri-
son G. Dyar 102

The Real Larva of Xanthopastes timais. By Harrison G. Dyar 104

The Larva of Phiprosopus callitrichoides. By E. Daecke 105

On the Generic Name of the Codling Moth. By August Busck .... . . 106

Proceedings. of the New York Entomological Society Ill

vJOURN AIv

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmuller, 106 W. 133d St. ; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th St., New York
City, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaefifer, Museum,
Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per
year, strictly in advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or
drafts payable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money
orders should be made payable at Station L, New York.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution, and if a larger number be desired, they be
supplied at cost ; provided notice to that effect is sent to the Editor before
the issue is printed.

Vol. XI.

No. 3.

JOURNAL

or THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

Bcvote& to Entomolooy in General.

SEPTEMBER, 1903.

Edited by William Beutenmuller

Publication Committee.
W. D. Kearfott. Herman Hug.

Harrison G. Dyar. William Beutenmuller.

F'tablistied Qtaarterly by tine Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1903-

COiYTEWTS.

The Skewness of the Thoraz in the Odonata. By James G. Nef.dham and Maude

II. Amhony. 117

Phryganidia californica. By Beverly Letcher \ 126

A Preliminary List of the Pentatomidse Within Fifty Miles of New York. By J.

R. DE l.A ToKRE Bueno. . 128

A Synopsis of the North American Species of Japyx. By Myron H. Swenk. . 129

Color Preference in Insects. By A. S. Packard 132

Some Philippine Mosquitoes. By C. S. Ludlow 13 7

Two New Hymenopterous Parasites. By William H. Ashmead 144

Descriptions of New Tinaoidea. By W. D. Kearfott 154

Brief Notes Toward the Life-History of Pelocoris femorata. By J. R. de la Torre

BuENO 166

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 173

vJOURN AIv

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, 106 W. 133d St. ; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th St., New York
City, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum,
Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, ^2.00 per
year, strictly in advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or
drafts payable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money
orders should be made payable at Station L, New York.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution, and if a larger number be desired, they be
supplied at cost ; provided notice to that effect is sent to the Editor before
the issue is printed.

(y^

I

>

Vol. XI.

No. 4.

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H)ev>ote^ to EntomoloGp in ©eneral.

\^

%oM^

DECEMBER, 1903.

Edited by William Beutenmuller

Publication Comtnittee.
VV. D. Kearfott. Harrison G. Dyar.

Herman Hug. William BEUXENMiJLLER.

Publislneci Quarterly by ttie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1903.

IHENEWOIAmNT.iUtNCUTEII.F

COiYTEIVTS.

The Terminal Abdominal Segments of Femala Tipulidae. By Rohert E. Snoijgrass. 177
Notes on the Internal Anatomy of Peranabrus scabricollis. By Rohert E. Snod-

liRASS . . . . 183

New Noctnids for 1903, No. 6. By John B. Smith 188

Notes on Coccinellidse, II. By Chari.es W. Lent.. 193

List of the Cicindelidae of Mexico, etc. By Wai.thhr Horn 213

Theory as to Evolution of Secondaries of Moths of the Genus Catocala. By Akchi-

i;ai.u C. Weeks . . .... 221

Additions to the List of New York Fentatomidae. By Nath.an: Ba.nks . . . . 227

Note on Fentatomidae. By J. R. de la Torre Bueno 228

On the Sleeping Habits of Some Aculeate Hymenoptera. By Charle.s T. B)RrES. 228

New Noctuidae from Tropical America. By William Schaus 230

Some New Neuropteroid Insects. By Nathan Banks 236

New Generic Types of Bombycine Moths. By Alpheus S. Packard 244

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 249

JTOURN AI^

OF THE

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa. , and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Wm. Beutenmiiller, 106 W. 133d St. ; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, L. H. Joutel, 164 East 117th St., New York
City, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum,
Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per
year, strictly in advance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or
drafts payable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Money
orders should be made payable at Station L, New York.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution, and if a larger number be desired, they be
supplied at cost; provided notice to that effect is sent to the Editor befo e
the issue is printed.

THE

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each
month (except July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum of
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, $3.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the Treasurer.

Offieeps fof the Year 1902.

President, C. F. GROTH, 141 E. 40th Street, New York.

Vice-President, CHAS. W. LENG 4 Fletcher Street, New York.

7><?ajMr^r, L. H. J0UT2L, 164 East 117th Street, New York.

>?^r. i-^rr^/rtrj, 1 ^ g^^g^ 241 West i3Sth Street, New York.

Cor. Secretary, J

Librarian, iZ SCH.\EFFER, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

W. T. Davis, Wm. Beutenmuller, Chas. Palm,

Chas. W. Leng, E. G. Love.

publication committee.

Wm. BeutenmOller, W. D. Kearfott, Harrison G. Dvar,

Herman Hug.

auditing committee.

H. G. Barber, C. Schaeffer. E. B. Southwick.

FIELD COMMITTEE.

Wm. T. Davis, C. Schaeffer, J. R. de la Torre Bueno.

Barber, H. G.,
Benedicr, C. P.,
Beutenmuller, Wm.,
Beyer, Gustav,
Billings, G. A.,
Bird, Heny,
Bremser, E. A.
Browning, Mrs. W. H.,
Brues, C. T^
Bueno, 1. R. Torre,
Call, R. E.,
Cammann, Dr. D. M.,
Comstock, W. P. ,
O'Conner, Thomas,
Daecke, E.,
Davis, Wm. T.,
Ditmars Raymond L.,
Doll, Jacob,
Dyar, Harrison G.,
F>l>, Herman,
Pillion, Francis,

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Franck Geo.,
Graef, E. L.,
Green, Fred. V.,
Groth, Christian F.,
Holms, Dr. Frark W.,
Hug, Herman,
Hun irgton, E. Irving,
Janvrin, E. R. P.,
Johnson, W. G.,
Joutel, Louis H.,
Kearfott, W. D.,
Kudlich, Dr. H. F.,
Lagai, Dr. G.,
Langmann, Dr. G.,
Lehsten, Erich,
Leng, (has. W.,
Love, Dr. E. G.,
Meitzen, Julius,
Meyers, Chas.,
Miinch, Louis T.,

Ottolengui, Dr. R.,
Palm, Charles,
Prime, Wm. C,
Riederer, Ludwig,
Roberts, C. H.,
Schaeffer, C,
Schaus, Wm.,
Sherman, Jr., John D.,
Seifert, Otto,
Slosson, Mrs. A. T.,
Smyth, E. A.,
Snyder, Chas. E.,
Southwick, E. B.,
Stutz, Richard,
Sunderland, C H.
Watson, F. E.,
Weeks, A. C.,
Weeks, Anson H.,
Wunder, Chas.,
Zabriskie, Rev. J. L.

THE KKTY-SCHEERER CO ,

Department of

Natural Science

DR. G. LAGAI.

Entomological

Specimens :
Sehool Colleetidns,
Metamorphoses,
Lantern Slides,
L^iological Models,
Wall Charts.

New Illustrated Cata-
logue on Application.

IlefM,U.S,A,

225-233 Fourth Ave.

KNY-SCHEERERC9

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE
226-233 Fourth Ave

N£W YORK

Entomological

Supplies :

Boxes, Cases,

Cabinets, Forceps,

'^ Pins, Nets,

Dissecting

Instruments,

Museum Supplies.

Write for Special Quo-
tations.

A. Smith & Sons, 269 Pean street, New York,

MANUFACLURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Ivlaefjer and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
ioards, Folding Nets, Localiiy and Special
Labels Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other
articles are beins; added. Send for List.

CICIItfDELIDm TOTAMTED,

ADDRESS,

EBW. DOXTBLEDAT HARRIS,

2 SO Broadway, N. "Z". City.

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO.,

1040 r>e ICallj A ve., I?i«oo3s:lyn, TV. Y.

Price IJst of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Illustrated Cata-
logue of Entomological Supplies No. 4, Dec. i, 1902,
previous lists cancelled.

Manufacturers of the original and celebrated

builders of Cabinets and Inject Cases. Novelties in Supplies Gon

stantly added.

THE

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each
month (except July, August and September) at 8 P. m., in the American Museum or
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, ;?3.oo.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the Treasurer.

Offieeps for the Year 1903.

President, C. F. GROTfl, 141 E 40ih Street, New York.

FiVd--/W.jiaV«/, CHaS. W. LENG 4 Fletcher Street, New York.

7>^rtr^«r<rr, L. H. JOUTEL, 164 East 117th Street, New York.

5^''" f'''"'^'''''-^'' I H. G. BARBER, 241 West 135th Street, New York.

Lor. Secretary, )

Librariiti,C SCII\EFFER, . . . '. . Museum, Eistern Parkway, Brooklyn N. Y.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

W. T. Davis, Wm. Beutenmui.ler, Chas. Pa.lm,

Chas. W. Leng, E. G. Love.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.

Wm. Beutenmuller, W. D. Kearfott, Harrison G. Dyar,

Herman Hug.

auditing committee.

H. G. Barber, C. Schaeffer. E B. Souihwick.

field committee.
Wm. T. Davis, C. Schaeffer, J. R. de la Torre Bueni,.

Barber, H. G.,
Benedic, C. P..
Beutenmuller, Wm.,
Beyer, Gustav,
Bdling.*!, G. A.,
Bird, Heny,
Bremser, t. A.
Browning, Mrs. W. H.,
Brues, C. T ,
Bueno, I. R. Torre,
Call, R. E.,
Cammann, Dr. D. M.,
Comstock, W. P. ,
O'Conner. Thomas,
Daecke, E.,
Davis, WnT. T.,
Ditmars Raymond L.,
Doll, Jacob,
Dyar, Harrison G.,
Erb, Herman,
Fillion, Francis,

LIST OF MEMBERS.

P ranck Geo. ,
Graef, E. L.,
Green, Fred. V.,
Groth, Christian F.,
Harris, E. D.,
H..lms, Dr. hraik W.,
Hug, Herman,
Hun n gton, E. Irving,
Janvrin, E. R. P.,
Johnson, W. G.,
joutel, Louis H.,
kearfott, W. D.,
Kudlich, Dr. H. F.,
Lagai, Dr. G.,
Langmann, Dr. G.,
Leh.sten, Eric^>,
Leng, « has. W.,
I^ove, Dr. E. G.,
Meitzen, Julius,
Meyers, Chas ,
Miinch, Louis T.,

Ottolengui, Dr. R.,
Palm, Charles,
Prime, Wm. C,
Riederer, Ludwig,
Roberts, C. H.,
Schaeffer, C,
Schaus, Wm.,
Sherman, Jr., John D.
Seifert, Otto,
Slosson, Mrs. A. T.,
Smyth, E. A.,
Snyder, Chas. R.,
Soulhwick, E. B.,
Stutz, Richard,
Sunderland, C II.
Watson, F. E.,
Weeks, A. C,
Week-, Anson H ,
Wunder, Chas.,
Zabriskie, Rev. J. L

TSU KN7-SCII£:£:HEIH CO ,

Department of
Natural Science

DR. G. LAGAI.

Entomological

Specimens :
School Collections,
Metamorphoses,
Lantern Slides,
Llological Modtis,
Wall Charts.

New Illustrated Cata-
logue on Application

New m U.S. A,.

225-233 Fourtli Ave.

KNY-SCHEERERC?

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE
226-233 Fourth Ave

NEW YORK

Entomological

Supplies :

Boxes, Cases,

Cabinets, Forceps,

Pins, Nets,

Dissecting

Instruments,

Anuseum Supplies.

Write for Special Quo-
tations.

A. Smith <& Sons, 269 Pearl street, New York,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Selling
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special
Labels Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other
articles are being added. Send for List.

CICIIUDELID2E IVAMTED,

ADDRESS,

EDW. DOUBL.EDA.Y HARRIS,

280 Broadway, N. T". City.

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO.,

lOiO t>e Italto A ve., Urooklyn, IV. Y.

Price hist of Jhepidoptera and Coleoptera. Illustrated Cata-
logue of JSntomological Supplies No. 4, Dec. x, 1902,
previous lists cancelled.

Manufactureis of the original and celebrated

builderi of Cabinets and Insect Cashes. Novelties in Sfiupplies con

stantly added