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JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

gewotjcd to m^tomolom in ©enseal

Volume XIV, 1906

Edited by Harrison G. Dyar

NEW YORK
Published by the Society
Quarterly
1906

If/wir

Press of

^he New Era Printing Comp.w

lancaster, pa.

Leading Articles in Volume XIV.

Class I, Hexapoda ; Order II, Coleoptera.

Brown, R. E.,

Strichnine as Food of Araeocerus fascicularis De Geer . 116

Chittenden, F. H.,

The North American Species of the Genus Notaris Germ. 113

SCHAEFFER, C,

Notes on the Genus Anomala with Descriptions of New
Species ......... 1

Class I, Hexapoda ; Order IV, Diptera.

Dyar, H. G., and Knap,, F. ,

The Larvae of Culicidae Classified as Independent

Organisms . . . . . . . .169

Knab, F.,

Goeldi's " Os Mosquitoes no Para " .... 57

Mitchell, E. G.,

On the Known Larvae of the Genus Uranotaenia . . 8

Class I, Hexapoda ; Order V, Lepidoptera.

Cook, J. H.,

On the Specific Validity of Thanaos ausonius Lintn. . 125

Dyar, H. G.,

Descriptions of New North American Moths. . . 30

Descriptions of Four New North American Moths. . 107

The North American Nymphulinae and Scopariinae . 77

Kunze, R. E.,

Descriptions of Two Lepidopterous Larvae . . .131

Smith, J. B.,

New Noctuidae for 1906, No. 1 . . . . . 9

iv Contents.

Stretch, R. H.,

Heterocera Americana . . . . . .117

Swett, L. W.,

Notes on the Genus Caripeta with Description of a New

Species . . . . . . . . .128

Taylor, G. W.,

Some New Geometrician from Arizona . . . .130

Class I, Hexapoda ; Order XI, Orthoptera.

Bruner, L.,

Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies . 135

Caudell, A. N.,

The Cyrtophylli of the United States . . . .32

Class I, Hexapoda ; Order XIII, Mallophaga.

Kellogg, V. I.,

Mallophaga from Argentina. ..... 45

Editorials ........ 50, 166, 231

Book Notices ...... 52, 109, 167, 232

Proceedings of the Society .... 54, in, 233

Vol. XIV.

No. i.

JOU RNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

2>ev>oteo to ]6ntomoloas in General.

MARCH, 1906.

Edited by Harrison G. Dyar.

Publicatio7i Committee.
Harrison G. Dyar. Charles W. Leng.

Charles Schaeffer.

E. G. Lovb.

Published Quarterly by trie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1906.

[Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.]

rut NEW E«AMHNT.,UNCASTM.P»

CONTENTS.

Class Hexapoda, Order COLEOPTERA.
Notes on Species of the Genus Anomala with Description of New Species. By C.

SchaeFfbr 1

Horn's Systematischer Index der Cicindeliden. By V. E. SheLford 5

Class Hexapoda, Order DIPTERA.

On the Known Larvse of the Genus Uranotaenia. By E. G. Mitchki i 8

Class Hexapoda, Order LEPIDOPTERA.

New Noctuidae for 1906, No. 1. By J. B. Smith 9

Descriptions of New American Moths. By H. G. Dyar 30

Class Hexapoda, Order ORTHOPTERA.

The Cyrtophylli of the United States. By A. N. Caudeu 32

Class Hexapoda, Order MALLOPHAGA.
Mallophaga from Argentina. By V. L. Kei.loi;g 45

Editorial . 50

Book Notices 52

Proceedings of the Society 54

vJOURN AL

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, U. S. National Mu-
seum, Washington, D. C; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis,
46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Stateu Is., New York, and all books
and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per year, strictly in ad-
vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger number
be desired they will be supplied at cost provided notice is sent to the
Editor befo e the page proof has been corrected.

JOURNAL

JDpfo JBorh 6jnloraologiraI %m\tty.

Vol. XIV. MAECH, 1906. No. 1

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order II, COLEOPTERA.

NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS

ANOMALA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES.

By Charles Schaeffer,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

I have a short revision of this genus nearly ready for publication,
but awaiting some Mexican material for comparison and confirmation
of my identifications. The following notes are published in advance.

Anomala antennata, new species.

Larger than parvula Burm., which it otherwise resembles in form, thorax with
similar two dark spots at apex, but the elytral intervals are of equal size, convex.
Antennal club sljghtly longer than the rest of the joints, pale testaceous. Head black
coarsely rugosely punctured in front, more fine and sparse on the occiput, clypeal
margin widely reflexed, broadly arcuate in front ; eyes moderately prominent. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, hind angles rounded, front angles
obtuse ; base finely margined ; disk convex, surface rather sparsely and shallowly,
punctate ; color testaceous with two slightly elongate dark apical spots each oblique
behind. Elytra slightly broader at base than the thorax, sides nearly parallel, disk
convex, surface with nine stria?, the latter not punctate, intervals nearly equal, convex,
except the subsutural which is broader and somewhat coarsely punctate at basal half,
punctures finer and more distinct behind middle, the other intervals scarcely punctate
and uneven ; color testaceous with suture and side margin slightly darker. Pygidium
moderately coarsely punctate, denser at sides than at middle. Body beneath and
legs testaceous ; metasternum clothed not densely with long hairs ; abdomen shining,
scarcely punctate and with only a few hairs. Front tibiae bidentate, the larger front
claw finely cleft, the upper portion very short and hardly visible, intermediate claws
entire, not cleft. Length (head porrected), io mm.

1

2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

New Mexico, one male in collection Dietz.

The formation of the male claws brings this species near parvula
which it otherwise resembles in color, thoracic markings and form, but
is larger, has a deeply excavated clypeus and the elytral intervals are
different.
Anomala flavilla Bates.

Biol. Cent. Am., vol. II, pt. 2, p. 226, tab. XII, fig. 18.

Several specimens of this Mexican species, collected in Ehrenberg,
Arizona were received from Mr. George Franck.

It is slightly more elongate than flavipennis Burm., the color is
testaceous, with two apical thoracic spots and suture black ; the alter-
nate elytral intervals broader, not convex, the subsutural coarsely and
irregularly punctate, the others more sparse and finer ; the two apical
thoracic dark spots extend from apex to middle, broader at the latter
point and narrowing to apex ; the front tibice are tridentate and the
outer claws of the front and middle tibife are cleft. Dr. Ohaus
records also dark-colored specimens from Mexico, but all those from
Arizona are pale.
Anomala centralis Leconte.

New species N. Am. Col., 1863, p. 78.

Through the kindness of Mr. G. Beyer I received some typical
specimens of this species, collected by him in Lower California. The
Arizona specimens referred to this species by Dr. Horn and standing
in most collections as that species, are a different thing and in my
opinion only an extreme variation of inconstans Burm. (lurida of our
list) ; centralis is on the average smaller and slightly more parallel,
with the hind tibite relatively shorter and broader. Of inconstans I
have taken this year quite a number of specimens, but more of the
pale than of the darker form.
Anomala innuba Fabricius.

Mant. Ins. I, p. 22.

This is the species called in all of our collections minuta Fab. The
correction of this error is due to Dr. Fr. Ohaus, who has seen the
type. The true minuta will be referred to later.
Anomala polychalca Bates.

Biol. Cent. Am., vol. IT, pt. 2, p. 236.

I refer a few specimens taken at light near Brownsville, Texas, to
this species or rather variety of cincta Say.

March, 1906.J SCHAEFFER : NOTES ON THE GENUS AnOMALA. 3

Above, below and legs more or less metallic green, thorax in one
specimen with a slight coppery tinge, striae of elytra impressed and
distinctly punctate, intervals nearly equal, convex, finely punctate ;
pygidium coarsely and in some parts confluently punctate ; clypeus
rounded and moderately reflexed ; mesosternum broader between the
coxae than in binotata Gyll., which it resembles in form, but is slightly
larger. One specimen shows on the elytra a few dark testaceous
streaks.
Anomala luteipennis Leconte.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., vol. VII, p. 80.

This name is wrongly applied by Dr. Horn and others to the pale
specimens of binotata Gyll. from Texas and Arizona. Dr. Leconte
describes the pygidium as being " parcius sat grosse punctatus,"
which is in binotata invariably finely rugose. Some of the pale forms
of an Anomala which I took near Brownsville, Texas, agree in every
respect with Dr. Leconte's description, also nearly with the locality;
these are connected by intermediate specimens from Virginia and
Texas with flavipennis Burm.
Anomala peninsularis, new species.

Form of binotata Gyll., shining, testaceous, head, thorax, suture, margin and
sides at base of elytra, as also the legs, reddish. Head coarsely and densely punc-
tate, clypeus transverse, apex subtruncate, angles rounded, margin moderately
reflexed, clypeal suture distinct. Thorax shining, sparsely punctate, convex, sides
slightly arcuate, hind angles rounded, front angles not prominent. Scutellum
coarsely punctate. Elytra widening towards apex, intervals clearly defined and
alternately wider, the wider intervals flat, irregularly punctate, the cosUe (narrow
intervals) slightly convex and almost impunctate. Metasternum clothed with moder-
ate, long hairs, abdomen shining and sparsely punctate ; pygidium transverse, subcon-
fluently punctate, the punctures not deeply impressed. Front tibiee bidentate, the
apical tooth elongate and slightly curved, the upper tooth prominent but obtuse, the
larger tarsal claw cleft at tip, the upper portion finer and shorter than the lower in
the male, equal in the female ; outer claw of middle tarsi cleft, the upper portion
nearly as long as the lower, but narrower. Length, II mm. ; width 7 mm., male.
Length, 13 mm., width 7 mm., female.

Santa Rosa, Lower California, male and female, collected by Mr.
Gustav Beyer, to whom I am greatly indebted for this as well as other
interesting species.
Anomala ludoviciana, new species.

Form of binotata Gyll. but smaller, thorax and elytra more coarsely punctured,
bead, thorax and legs dark rufous, the thorax with slight metallic luster and elytra
with or without darker spots. Head coarsely punctate in front, more finer and

4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

sparser on the occiput, clypeus subtruncate in front, angles rounded, margin moder-
ately reflexed, clypeal suture distinct. Thorax transverse, narrowing to the front from
a little before middle, nearly straight behind, basal angles rounded, front angles
prominent, surface relatively coarsely punctate, but not densely. Scutellum coarsely
punctate. Elytra slightly broadening towards apex, punctate striate, the punctures
dark and here and there confluent, intervals flat, alternately wider, the subsutural
coarsely and irregularly punctate, the others with an irregular row of punctures, the
costae (smaller intervals) slightly convex and not punctate, the disk more or less
transversely rugose. Pygidium finely rugose as in binotala. Metasternum sparsely
clothed with not very long hairs; abdomen sparsely punctate with moderately coarse
but not deeply impressed punctures. Front tibiae bidentate, the larger claw cleft at
tip, the upper portion shorter and much narrower than the lower ; intermediate claw
cleft with the upper portion finer than the lower, but nearly as long. Length 9.50
mm. ; width 5.25 mm.

Vowell's Mill, Louisiana, Mr. Charles W. Leng, to whom I am in-
debted for the specimens.

This species is closely related to binotata Gyll. but differs from
that by being smaller, the prothorax and elytra more coarsely punctate,
and the upper portion of the cleft claw being much finer and shorter.
With this species I place at present some specimens from Kansas re-
ceived from Prof. Snow as binotata var., which have the head, thorax,
scutellum and legs dark-green, but which otherwise agree with the
Louisiana specimens. Similar variations are seen in ftavipennis Burm.
Anomala carinifrons Bates.

Biol. Cent. Am., vol. II, pt. 2, p. 249, tab. XIII, fig. 24.

This species is mentioned by Bates to occur in our fauna from
a specimen collected by Morrison in Southern Arizona. I have two
specimens from Arizona which answer the description, one of them
was collected by my brother in Bisbee. It is larger and more robust
than cavifrons Lee, the striae are faintly but distinctly punctured, the
head and thorax also distinctly punctured and the surface is shining,
while it is semiopaque in cavifrons Lee.
Anomala minuta Burmeister.

Handb., vol. IV, 1, p. 249, and IV, 2, p. 504.

In the remarks following the description of semilivida Lee, Dr.
Horn * mentioned some darker specimens, which are the true minuta
Burin. Dr. Ohaus' good description f of the type saved me from
making a synonym, as I had these specimens already labelled with a

*Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XI, p. 162.
I Stett. ent. Zeit., lxiii, p. 48.

March, i9o6.] Shelford : Horn's Systematischer Index. 5

manuscript name. In the three specimens before me, which are from
Florida, the thorax is dark-brown on the disk with the side margins
and apex more or less pale, the elytra dark testaceous, with suture and
sides more or less brown ; the front and middle tarsal claws are simple,
the first interval is relatively coarsely and irregularly punctate and the
clypeus is not as concave as in semilivida Lee.
Anomala tibialis, new species.

Larger, more robust and convex than parvula Burm., with more parallel elytra
and hind tibiae very short and triangularly dilated at apex. Head piceous, front paler,
clypeus dark testaceous, coarsely and closely punctate ; clypeus transverse, broadly
rounded in front and narrowly reflexed. Antennae moderate, club slightly shorter
than the preceding five joints. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides
narrowing to the front from before middle, nearly straight behind, hind angles
rounded, front angles not prominent ; disk convex, apical marginal bead nearly
obsolete at middle, basal marginal bead distinct, surface testaceous with two oblique,
dark, elongate markings at apex on each side of median line, the markings irregular
in outline and slightly curved outward, sparsely not coarsely punctate, the punctures
at sides and towards base nearly obsolete. Elytra elongate, parallel, testaceous,
suture and margin dark, surface sculpture and striae more or less obscured by trans-
verse rugae, the striae at sides more distinct and coarsely punctate. Under side
testaceous, shining, metasternum moderately densely clothed with long pale hairs,
abdomen with moderate punctures, which are not closely placed. Front tibiae
bidentate, apical tooth elongate and slightly curved, the upper tooth sharp and prom-
inent, the larger claw finely cleft, the upper and lower part equal in size ; the larger
claw of the intermediate tarsi finely cleft, the two parts equal in size ; hind tibiae very
short and distinctly shorter than the femora and broadly dilated towards apex.
Pygidium moderately punctate, punctures not deeply impressed. Length io mm.,
width 5 mm.

Texas, one female in collection Dietz.

By the unusually short and broadly dilated hind tibiae this species is
easily distinguished from all our species. It is very closely allied to the
Mexican rhizotrogoides Blanch., but seems to differ from that species by
the more parallel form and the elytral sculpture.

HORN'S SYSTEMATISCHER INDEX DER
CICINDELIDEN.

By Victor E. Shelford,
Chicago, III.

By far the great majority of systematic papers (monographs and
systematic lists) are written with respect to unnatural geographical

6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

areas and as a result, usually without a comprehensive study of the
group or groups concerned. Among American entomologists there is
an especially strong tendency to practically stop at the southern
boundary of the United States, although no barrier or faunistic dis-
continuity occurs in that region. While it will, no doubt, be gener-
ally admitted that a careful consideration of all evidence as to the
point of origin, evolution, and dispersal of all groups is necessary for
the building up of a natural system of classification, systematic papers
which consider such questions are at least extremely rare. All of the
above deficiencies are noticeable in former treatments of boreal Amer-
ican Cicindelidae while the paper under consideration ( Supplement * to
Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, II, 1905, 56 pp.) can be
charged with none of them. It is the result of fifteen years of labor
on the part of Dr. Walther Horn who has seen practically all the large
collections of the world. The following are his conclusions regarding
the Cicindelidse (in broad sense) :

The " Carabidae stem " gave rise, in the Ethiopian tropics, to the
first Cicindelidae-like forms. These he calls the Protomanticho-
ridae ; they were wingless insects (with elytra) most nearly related to
two living South African families (of the Cicindelidas in broad
sense), viz. : (1) Platychilidse, wingless forms with the usual type of
elytra; (2) Palaeomantichoridae, wingless forms with fused elytra
which turn under the sides of the abdomen. The Protomanticho-
ridse dispersed westward to America, pushed out to the north and
south and after developing the Neomantichoridae ( Omits, Ambiycliila,
Pycnochila) in the nearctic region, gave rise to the Prototetrachidae,
which inhabited the entire equatorial belt. Among these, compli-
cated pilosity characters were later developed. Next forms became
distinguishable by the development of two types of false pattern on
the elytra; (1) brought about by partial loss of pigment, (2) by the
development of a thicker pilosity in certain areas. The present pre-
dominating etched patterns are to be considered as the equivalent of
such false patterns.

A wider step led to the production of the Protoeuryodidae
{Eitryoda-OdontochiIa-Cosmema-X\Ye forms) which also inhabited the
entire tropical region ; a greater power of flight was developed among
these. They gave rise to the Cicindelce which constitute the young-

* Not sent to subscribers ; can be obtained from the Deutsche Entomologische
Gesellschaft, Berlin, for three mark.

March, 1906. i Shelford : Horn's Systematischer Index. 7

est group of the Cicindelidae. This genus is the result of a great
amount of converging evolution, some forms having descended di-
rectly from the Protoeuryodidse, many others having come indirectly
as offspring of the Odontochilini, Dromicini and Theratidse (families
and subfamilies of the Cicindelcz in broad sense).

In the Holarctic region there are two northern tribes and two
southern tribes of Cicindelcz concerning which the author presents the
following hypotheses : The northern tribes arose in now warmer Africa
during a cooler period ; later the group separated into two parts, the
smaller number moved southward to find a cooler climate and is now
represented by C. 4-guttataWdm. in South Africa; the greater num-
ber, however, moved northward and separated into two parts, one re-
maining in Eurasia and the other crossing over into North America.
The two southern tribes arose in tropical America and part moved
toward the south, possibly some representatives crossing over into the
Australian region, while an equally large number moved northward,
part remaining in the nearctic region and a part crossing over into
Eurasia.

The Cicindela fauna of the Nearctic region is thus made up of : ( 1 )
The northern tribe or purpurea-obscura (obsa/ra-modesta) group;
frons broad and depressed, pilosity of head and prothorax erect : rela-
tives, (a) the soluta-hybrida-campestris group in Eurasia, (/>) the
4-guttata group in South Africa. (2 ) The Southern tribe or cupra-
cens group ; frons narrow, not depressed, pilosity of head and protho-
rax decumbent; relatives (a) the nivea-ritsem.cz group in the Neotrop-
ical region, (b) possibly the helmsi-dunedensis-scztigera group in the
Australian region, and (c) the elegans-trisignata group in Eurasia.
(3) The forms that have migrated in from the Neotropical argentata
group; head bald, pronotum hairy on sides and disc; unipunctata
Fabr. , belfragei Salle, pilatei Guer. , cursitans Lee, and celeripes Lee,
forms not understood by a study of the species of the United States
alone, belong here. (4) Forms belonging to the indigenous Mexican
fauna; head bald, pronotum pilose at the sides only. Our common
sexguttaia belongs to this group.

A similar analysis is made of the Cincindela fauna of each geo-
graphical region, the boundary countries of which (for this genus) are
especially named. Other genera apparently do not present faunistic
discontinuties and hence are not so treated.

So much for our author's views. He has not (presumably on ac-

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

count of the nature of the paper) presented in detail the evidence in
support of his theses and the reviewer is accordingly unable to give
an analysis of the evidence upon which they rest. There is, however,
much evidence that the Cicindelidae originated in Africa, but their
origin from wingless forms with elytra, I fear, will not meet the ap-
proval of insect morphologists. On the other hand, it is evident that
Tetracha is in many of its characters a more primitive form than
Cicindela and its distribution speaks well for the author's conclusions.
His analysis of the nearctic Cicindela fauna and statement of its affini-
ties must, it seems to me, stand unchallenged, while his arrangement
of our species is the most tenable yet presented.

Literature.
Tower, W. L. , The Origin and Development of the Wings of Coleoptera. Zool.

Jahrb., Mar., 1903.
Ortmann, A. E., The Geographical Distribution of Freshwater Decapods and its

Bearing on Ancient Geography. hoc. Am. Phil. Soc, 1902, pp. 267-400.

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order IV, DIPTERA.

ON THE KNOWN LARVAE OF' THE GENUS

URANOT/EN1A. ,

By Evelyn G. Mitchell,
Washington, D. C.

The receipt during the past summer of larva? of Uranotcsnia sap-
phirina and U. loivii from Dr. T. W. Dupree gave an opportunity for
a critical comparison of the three known larvae of this genus, which
had not previously been distinguished from each other. The genus,
so far as can be judged by the known larvae, is characterized as follows :

Four large stout spines bearing spi miles instead of the usual four
tufts in the middle of head ; antennae with a few scattered spines, the
tuft represented by a single hair ; stellate hairs on thorax and abdomen.

Synopsis of Species

1. Antennal tuft decidedly over one third distad ; longest terminal spine if bent back-
ward would reach below tuft. Scales on eighth segment of abdomen not fringed
on apical one-third (reckoned from center of base to tip). Central tooth of
labial plate bluntly rounded and widely separated from adjacent teeth.

U. lowii.

March, 1906] SMITH : NEW NOCTUID/E. 9

Antennal tuft scarcely if at all over one third distad 2

2. Longest terminal spine almost as long as antenna; accessory spine on terminal
joint not nearly reaching to tip of joint. Scales of eighth segment not fringed
on apical onedialf. Central tooth on labial plate bluntly rounded and not

widely separated from the adjacent teeth U. sapphirina.

Longest terminal spine scarcely two thirds the length of antenna, scarcely reach-
ing tuft ; secondary spine on terminal joint reaching nearly to tip of joint. Scales
of eighth segment with a fringe of uniform spines extending over apex. Cen-
tral tooth of labial plate sharp and distinct from the adjacent teeth. .U. socialis.

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order V, LEPIDOPTERA.
NEW NOCTUIDvE FOR igo6.— NO. i.

By John B. Smith, ScD.,
New Brunswick, N. J.

Leptina levitans, new species.

Ground color dull sm^ky gray without contrasts. Head and thorax with a
whitish powdering, best marked on patagia, but not prominent on either of my ex-
amples. Primaries with the extreme base inferiorly a little paler but with no ap-
pearance of a white humeral spot and no defining or limiting line. Median space
superiorly ashen gray, and a slight gray powdering is visible throughout the space.
T. a. line barely traceable, a little irregular, with a small, somewhat even outcurve.
T. p. line sinuate., even, narrow, gray with smoky borderings, not well defined. S. t.
line very irregular, powdery gray, obscure, marked by obscure preceding dusky
shades and at costa by an obscure dusky cloud which does not reach the apex. A
series of dusky terminal spots. Orbicular wanting. Reniform of good size, almost
round, concolorous, ringed narrowly with brown and with a brown central dot.
Secondaries dirty yellowish or smoky, a little paler at base. Beneath, very pale smoky,
with an obscure outer line and discal spot.

Expands. — i. 05-1. 12 inches = 26-28 mm.

Habitat. — Ontario, Canada, A. H. Kilman ; Durham, N. H.,
Weed and Fiske.

One male and one female are now before me, in comparison with
three examples of L. dormitans with which I had in the past confused
this species. I have realized for some time that there were two forms
of Leptina without prominent white shoulders ; but supposed them to
be merely varying types of one species. The recent necessity for de-
termining a series of specimens caused me to compare more closely
and to resort to the original descriptions to determine the type form.

10 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Guenee's description is clear and covers the species in which the s. t.
line is prominently black shaded on costa while the new species lacks
these black shadings completely, has the median lines more regular and
has an obvious reniform. I have seen others, though I have only one
pair at hand, and I have no doubt that its distribution will prove to be
much the same as that of dormitans.
Charadra ingenua, new species.

Resembles deridens in general appearance and type of maculation but paler
throughout. The primaries are of a decided bluish gray with the maculation neatly
written and the secondaries are whitish or white, without trace of yellow and scarcely
a trace of smoky toward the outer margin.

Expands. — 1.40-1.50 $, 1. 72-1. 76 tf = 35-44 mm.

Habitat. — Glenwood Springs and Durango, Colorado; end of
June and beginning of July : Dr. Barnes.

Two males and two females in good or fair condition. I have for
comparison seven examples of deridens, ranging from Canada to Florida
and west to Pittsburg, and all agree in having a creamy tint to the
gray of primaries and a decidedly yellowish shade to the secondaries.
The absence of these shadings in the Colorado examples is the most
conspicuous character, accompanied and emphasized by neater, better
defined and yet less conspicuous maculation. The small departures
from the eastern type in actual course of lines, etc., need not be spe-
cifically described.
Bryophila avirida, new species.

In size, wing form and general type of maculation very like B. lepidula, with
all the green shadings eliminated. In the four examples before me and in comparison
with the type form, none is as well marked as normal lepidula and the only well
denned maculation is the brown shading on the costa between the orbicular and reni-
form spots. None of the maculation is as well marked in the western as in the east-
ern form and it seems probable that, while closely allied, we have a really distinct
species.

Expands. — 1. 06-1. 24 inches = 26-31 mm.

Habitat. — Fort Collins, Colo., in June ; Cartwright, Man., in June.

This species may be mistaken for lepidula until a careful examina-
tion is made, for the type of maculation is identical and the one is
undoubtedly a descendant from the other; but when carefully com-
pared the differences are sufficient in my opinion to authorize the new
name.
Noctua monteclara, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen of an almost uniform mouse gray ; collar and patagia
evident, but not prominent, vestiture mostly flattened hair. Primaries mouse gray

March, 1906.] SMITH : NEW NOCTUID^E. 11

with the maculation almost entirely lost. By careful study it is possible to trace an
almost upright, geminate t. a. line, a vague, diffuse median shade, a slightly irregular
s. t. line and a large reniform which is somewhat constricted medially. Secondaries
paler, more smoky gray, lightest at the base. Beneath, uniform, slightly more red-
dish gray, somewhat powdery, with an obscure dusky line on both wings.

Expands. — r.12-1.15 inches = 28-29 mm-

Habitat. — Claremont, Calif. , Mr. Carl Baker.

Two male examples in very fair condition, neither of them with
date of capture. The species belongs in the rubifera series, but is
distinguished from all of those known to me by its uniform mouse gray
color on which the normal maculation is barely traceable.
Euxoa claromonta, new species.

Head and thorax ashen gray, head a little paler ; collar with a transverse,
median black line ; thoracic tuftings well marked. Abdomen a somewhat paler gray,
lighter in the males than in the females. Primaries pale ashen gray, powdered with
smoky ; maculation not well defined, reniform and terminal space usually the darkest
part of the wing. Basal line geminate, usually marked on costa and sometimes, also
by black scales below the median vein. T. a. line geminate, marked on the costa in
all specimens and below that either lost altogether or traceable across the wing; in
the latter case nearly upright, a little outcurved in the interspaces. T. p. line gemi-
nate, inner part best markedrand somewhat lunulate, only a little bent over cell and
then about parallel with outer margin. S. t. line a little irregular, of the paler
ground, defined by the dark' terminal space and, sometimes, by a dusky preceding
shade as well. A series of black terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at
the base of the gray fringes. Claviform outlined in one example, barely indicated in
others. Orbicular oval, oblique, tending to become irregular and incompletely closed
above, more or less defined by black scales, followed by an annulus of the pale ground.
Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, ringed with pale and filled with blackish.
Secondaries white with a variably marked dusky outer border, not differing much in
the sexes; a narrow discal lunule. Beneath, gray, powdery, secondaries paler; a
more or less defined outer line and discal spot.

Expands. — 1.2 5- 1.40 inches = 31-35 mm.

Habitat. — Claremont, Calif., Mr. Carl Baker.

Three males and three females, no two alike. This is one of those
obscure, variable species of the pitychrous series which is always
troublesome when only single specimens are at hand. Its allies are
Candida and detesta though not readily confused with either when ma-
terial is at hand for comparison. None of the specimens are dated.
Mamestra pectinicornis, new species.

Head and thorax dull, smoky brown. Abdomen gray brown. Tarsi ringed
with whitish and rather prominent. Primaries deep smoky brown over a lighter
base, giving a somewhat powdery appearance. The median lines are barely trace-
able as somewhat more brownish scales occasionally edged by black scales. S. t.

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

line marked by obscure brown spots preceded and emphasized by black scales which
may form a somewhat continuous shade and may break up into somewhat trigonate
spots. There is a narrow black terminal line, the fringes are interlined with black
and they are cut with black and yellowish brown. The orbicular is small, round,
ringed by black scales, with or without a black central dot, filled with reddish brown.
Reniform moderate in size, oval, outer half white, inner half reddish, the division
between the two marked by black scales. The claviform is vaguely indicated by
black scales. Secondaries dirty whitish at base, darkening to a smoky outer border.
Fringes pinkish with a smoky line at base and smoky shadings toward apex. Be-
neath dull gray, primaries darker as a whole, on both the costal and outer margins
darker, and on both a small blackish discal spot.

Expands. — 1.10-1.16 inches = 27-29 mm.

Habitat. — Palmerly, Cochise Co., Ariz., in July; Brooklyn In-
stitute.

Two males and others in collections from the same general locality.
The species is related to three Mexican species referred to Eriopyga
by Hampson ; but is obviously distinct from either. The antennae
are lengthily pectinated, and this character combined with the white
marked reniform will serve to distinguish the new form in our fauna.

Genus URSOGASTRA, new.

Head moderate in size, distinct, yet hardly prominent ; eyes hairy, globose, of
good size ; front smooth ; scarcely even bulging ; antenna in male simple and in the
female probably so ; tongue well developed, functional ; palpi small and weak,
scarcely attaining the middle of front ; vestiture even, composed mostly of projecting
flattened hair. Thorax moderate, convex, collar well defined, patagia hardly re-
lieved, a small posterior tuft ; vestiture, flattened hair only without admixture of dis-
tinct scales ; leg-, unarmed except by the usual spurs of middle and posterior pair,
somewhat aborted and set with very dense brushes of thick hair so as to conceal the
parts effectively. Abdomen without dorsal tufts ; in the male the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th
segments furnished with lateral tufts of long hair which curve down and under,
meeting on the median line of the venter ; long brushes of specialized scales are also
attached to the male clasping organs. The primaries are proportionate, only a little
wider outwardly, venation apparently normal ; on the cell beneath, in the male, a
clothing of fine silky hair similar to that found in Orthodes. Secondaries with vein
5 reduced to a mere fold.

This genus is based on the peculiar combination of male charac-
ters and would come under Eriopyga Hampson and nearest to his sec-
tion C, none of the species of which are cited as typical of discarded
genera. I cpiite appreciate that this proposed name would find a rest-
ing place in the synonymy if secondary sexual characters are ignored ;
but I am scarcely ready to go so far at present.

As to the species here described, it is very strongly marked and I
can find nothing among the descriptions to fit it.

March, 1906.] SMITH : NEW NoCTUIDiE. 13

Ursogastra lunata, new species.

Head and thorax reddish fawn gray, immaculate. Primaries of the same reddish
gray ; basal line geminate, marked by brown or blackish scales ; t. a. line geminate,
very oblique, reaching almost the middle of inner margin ; t. p. line geminate, broken,
obscure, even, a little outcurved over cell, then almost parallel with outer margin ;
s. t. line pale, defined by brown sca'es on each side, almost rigidly parallel with
outer margin. A series of small black terminal lunules ; a yellow line at base of
fringes. The ordinary spots are replaced by a large deep chocolate brown lunate
mark, the concavity toward the costa, and this forms at once the most prominent and
distinctive character. Secondaries dull smoky, with a darker discal spot and outer
shade band ; secondaries whitish, without marks.

Expands. — i. 25-1. 30 inches = 26-28 mm.

Habitat. — Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Dr. Barnes ; Palmerly, Cochise
Co., Ariz., in August, Brooklyn Institute Collection.

Two somewhat defective males only are at hand. I cannot recol-
lect that I have ever seen this species elsewhere.

Genus NOCLOA, new.

Head of moderate size, retracted rather than prominent ; eyes naked, hemi-
spherical, without bristly lashes ; front protuberant, conical, obtusely terminated, with
a roughened impression at tip ; palpi moderately developed, reaching the middle of
front, terminal joint short and knob-like ; tongue moderately long, functional ; frontal
vestiture woolly, the hair somewhat flattened at tip ; antennae simple in both sexes.
Thorax well developed, quadrate, vestiture of flattened hair, loose and somewhat
diverging ; collar and patagia well marked ; a small frontal and somewhat well de-
fined, partly divided posterior tuft; vestiture of underside long, loose, divergent;
legs rather short, well developed, with hairy clothing, without spines, claws or other
armature except the usual spurs of tibia. Primaries rather short in proportion to
body, costa not very convex, outer margin obliquely arcuate ; venation normal to all
appearance. Secondaries proportionate, vein 5 weak, midway between 4 and 6.

This genus resembles Cirrhophanus in habitus, but differs from it
and the surrounding genera to which I would have referred the species
by the unarmed fore-tibiae.
Nocloa plagiata, new species.

Ground color a reddish luteous ; the maculation is red, brown or deeper tinted.
Head unicolored or with only a faint inter-antennal line ; collar brown tipped ; tuft-
ings a little darker than the ground. Primaries, basal line barely traceable, basal
space of the paler ground except for a dark brown spot on the inner margin. T. a.
line geminate, outer portion distinct, inner a mere line of brown scales, outwardly
oblique, dislocated on the costal vein, outcurved in the interspaces. T. p. line gemi-
nate, outer portion obscure, inner narrow, linear, a little denticulate in the upper
part of its course, widely outcurved over the cell, the included space a little paler
than the ground. The median space is as a whole the darkest part of the wing,
though not contrasting ; a median shade, best marked on costa and just below darkens

14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

the space between the ordinary spots and spreads out into the dark lower filling, to
reappear on the inner margin. The orbicular is concolorous with the ground, large,
irregular in form, not well defined. The reniform is large, broadly oval, concolor-
ous, not well defined. The claviform is traceable, brown margined but not notably
distinct. S. t. line narrow, whitish, irregular, preceded by a large blackish brown
triangular patch on costal area and by a smaller, blackish spot opposite the cell.
Through the fawn gray terminal space is an even, well defined whitish line before
the base of the fringes, and followed by two narrow, broken brown lines. Secon-
daries dirty yellowish white with a dusky submarginal band and a vague discal spot.
Beneath, primaries smoky, becoming reddish gray outwardly, s. t. space and line in-
dicated ; secondaries whitish, powdered with reddish gray over the costal region.

Expands. — i. 05-1. 12 inches = 26-28 mm.

Habitat. — Arizona; southern Arizona, Poling; Palmerly, Co-
chise County in August, Brooklyn Institute Collection.

One male and two females in good or fair condition. I know of
nothing with which this form is likely to be confused.
Nocloa rivulosa, new species.

Head and thorax reddish luteous, immaculate. Primaries dull luteous, mark-
ings darker, with an olivaceous tinge. Basal line traceable. T. a. line geminate,
zig-zag, so as to confuse the entire basal area. T. p. line geminate, both parts dis-
tinct, narrow, rivulous in its course and as a whole parallel with the outer margin.
The median shade is broad, somewhat diffuse, strongly marked, outwardly angulated
in the middle of the wing, its course decidedly regular. S. t. line parallel with
outer margin, rivulous, pale, preceded by a darker shade and followed by alternate
light and darker lines parallel to its course, to the outer margin. Orbicular of moderate
size, concolorous, not well defined. Reniform kidney-shaped, traceable with some
difficulty. Secondaries dull whitish, outwardly darker, with an extra- median and
terminal paler line. Beneath primaries yellowish to smoky, with a discal spot and
pale s. t. line ; secondaries pale, with a dusky discal spot and an outer dusky line.

Expands. — 1-1.20 inches = 25-29 mm.

Habitat. — Santa Barbara, Calif., Hy. Edwards Collection, Amer.
Mus. N. H. ; Yuma Co., Ariz., March, Mr. Hutson ; Phoenix, Ariz.,
March 19, Dr. Barnes.

One male and two females in only fair condition. Two of these
are very old examples, the third, the male, being the only recent ex-
ample and making description possible. There is no danger of con-
fusing the two species described under this generic name despite their

general similarity.

Heliothini.

The accumulation of undetermined material of this series in my
collection led me to attempt its rearrangement recently — a task that
has been simplified by Sir George F. Hampson's work ; but which

March, 1906.] SMITH : NEW NOCTUID^. 15

nevertheless remains yet somewhat unsatisfactory because of the in-
adequately described Strecker species. The result of this study showed
an unexpectedly complete series of the described forms and a large
series of new species, which are herewith presented. That there will
be further additions is certain, because many species are local and
every new region will, almost inevitably, turn out new forms. Besides
being local, many of the species are also solitary, individual examples
being taken only at long intervals. For that reason it seems likely
that few cabinets will have a good representation until all the locali-
ties have been well collected over.

I have accepted Hampson's separation of Schinia and Lygrati-
thcecia but do not follow him in his suppression of Heliothis in the
sense heretofore used : in fact I follow none of the changes made by
him and based on the " first species as type " rule.

Heliothis niveicosta, new species.

Ground color rather bright luteous, due to a whitish wash over a darker ground.
Head and base of collar paler, tending to whitish on front. Primaries with costal
region whitish, becoming white before the t. p. line, and cut before the apex. There
is an obscure wash of whitish over the submedian vein, best marked in the median
space and cut off at t. p. line. T. p. line diffuse, pale, well removed toward outer
margin, obliquely sinuate from costa near apex, to inner margin one third from hind
angle. S. t. space is the darkest part of the wing, followed by a narrow paler terminal
space. Fringes of ground color at base, outwardly paler. Secondaries yellowish
white, a little smoky, with a blackish discal spot and an outer band which is inter-
rupted by a whitish blotch near middle of margin. Beneath, primaries blackish, with
a narrow costal and inner, a broad outer pale border and a diffuse discal blotch.
Secondaries whitish with a discal dark lunule.

Expands. — 1.15 inch = 29 mm.

Habitat. — Southern California.

One female in not the best condition, received years ago from Dr.
Barnes, numbered 154. Indications are that the male may belong to
the series in which there is a costal dilation, making it a Heliocheilas.
Unfortunately the specimen contains no indication as to time or exact
locality of capture.

Thyreion stena, new species.

Head and thorax very pale citron yellowish, abdomen blackish with fine whitish
vestiture that interposes a film over the dark ground. Primaries very pale lemon yel-
lowish with a pink shade extending from base parallel to costa to the s. t. space ;
another, from same point extending through submedian interspace to anal angle, and
a connecting shade through s. t. space which does not reach the costa but does reach
the inner margin at anal angle. A pinkish shade over basal area generally. Fringes

16 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

shaded with pink. Secondaries uniformly smoky blackish with pinkish white fringes.
Beneath, primaries blackish with pinkish white fringes secondaries with blackish disk
shading oft" to paler and pink at the margins.

Expands. — .92-1.00 inch = 23-25 mm.

Habitat. — Golden and Fort Collins, Colo., in June.

Two males, one female ; one pair from Prof. C. P. Gillette, one
taken by myself at Golden.

I had confused these with rosea, which is a larger species, more
deeply tinged and with less pink. The material in this series is not
abundant and the range of variation is not known ; it is quite prob-
able, however, that specimens with much less pink will be found and
there may be immaculate forms.

Melicleptria antonio, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen black ; clothed with thin, divergent yellow and car-
mine hair on thorax, the terminal segments of abdomen yellow. Primaries carmine
at base and to the t. a. line, which extends inwardly oblique from two-fifths of costa
to one-third of inner margin : the line itself diffuse, whitish, median space yellowish
with a luteous tinge, shaded with carmine on the costal and inner margins ; s. t.
space very even, carmine near costal and inner margin, olivaceous brown between
these points. Terminal space testaceous except at anal angle, where the carmine
shading becomes marked. Fringes yellow. The orbicular is an obscure, diffuse
blotch. Secondaries black with a bronzed shading ; fringes white. Beneath, pri-
maries smoky black, the apical region of costa and apex carmine, fringes whitish ;
secondaries smoky black, costa carmine to apex which is yellowish, that color ex-
tending on fringes almost to the hind angle.

Expands. — .55 inch = 14 mm.

Habitat. — San Antonio, Tex., in April.

A single male specimen in very fair condition from Dr. Barnes.
The species has the narrow wings and depressed costa of pulchripennis
and is the smallest species of the genus in our fauna.

Melicleptria sabulosa, new species.

Mead, thorax and abdomen black, more or less densely clothed with yellowish
white divergent hairs, which give the prevailing tint to the head, thorax, and termi-
nal segments of the abdomen. Primaries with the basal space yellowish, more or less
washed with carmine to the t. a. line which is diffuse, distinctly carmine, and is in-
wardly oblique from two fifths of the costa to one third of the inner margin. Median
space dull yellow, costal region smoky or carmine. T. p. line carmine, almost
parallel to outer margin, outwardly diffuse and merging through the s. t. space into a
broad, dull yellowish terminal space. Fringes carmine. There is a narrow, obscure,
upright reniform, without definite margins. Secondaries black, with whitish fringes;
in the male with a whitish median band, in the female without markings of any kind.
Beneath, primaries yellowish with blackish shadings along costa at base, and out-

March, 1906.] Smith: New NoctuidjE. 17

wardly, not extending to the apex ; secondaries black with a yellowish median band
and a more or less obvious shading along the costa and at apex.

Expands. — .66-. 70 inch = 16. 5-17. 5 mm.

Habitat. — " California " ; Doble, Calif., April 19.

One male from Mr. Henry Edwards ; one female from Mr. George
H. Hutson ; both in good condition. The male, received many-
years ago from Mr. Edwards, is faded, and has the peculiar livid hue
of desert species ; the female from Mr. Hutson has the same desert
characteristic, but is more brilliant, and has the distinct carmine
washing that is lost in the older example. The whitish band of the
male is indicated in the female and, I doubt not, occasionally occurs
in the latter sex. In wing-form, the species resembles antonio and,
indeed, the general type of maculation is similar. In general, the
resemblance is to fasciata Hy. Edy., which has a distinct s. t. line
and shade.
Melicleptria cresina, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen black, covered with olivaceous yellow hair, which
is scant on the abdomen except at tip. Primaries, base and s. t. space carmine,
median space yellow except on costa ; terminal space luteous with an olivaceous tinge ;
fringes chocolate brown at base, olivaceous at tip. T. a. line from costa one third
from base, outwardly curved to the middle, there forming an angle and running
inwardly oblique to within the basal third. T. p. line a little sinuate, but on the
whole nearly parallel to outer margin. S. t. line irregular, marked only by the con-
trast between s. t. and terminal space. Orbicular large, dusky, with a carmine suf-
fusion, obscurely defined. Secondaries black with a narrow, clear white median band
which is broader toward costa but reaches neither costa nor hind margin ; fringes
yellowish. Reneath, black with a median white band on both wings, that on the
primaries broken by a blackish reniform spot ; costal margin of secondaries and
apex of all wings yellowish.

Expands. — .64-.75 inch = 16-19 mm-

Habitat. — Los Angeles County, Calif., in April.

Two females in good condition collected by Mr. Koebele. The
resemblance is to H. fasciata Hy. Edwards, which, however, is gen-
erically distinct. The wing form is like that of pulchripennis and to
the series typified by that species, the present form belongs. There
is a close general resemblance to sabulosa, which is not borne out on
more particular examination.
Melicleptria sexata, new species.

Head and thorax black, densely clothed with thin loose olivaceous or grayish
hair. Abdomen black in the female, more olivaceous in the male, the difference due
to the more abundant vestiture of the latter which conceals the ground. Primaries

18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

smoky brown with an olivaceous tinge or overlay, median space yellowish or whitish,
terminal space a little paler to the yellowish fringes. The solid brown basal area is
outwardly bounded by the outcurved t. a. line which is pale like the median space.
T. p. line is also pale, only a little sinuate and separates the pale median space from
the solid brown s. t. space. S. t. line whitish, diffuse, broad, very close to the outer
margin. The large reniform is of the darker color and fills a large portion of the
upper portion of the median space. Secondaries black, with traces of a tawny
median band in most specimens. Beneath, primaries black except apex, median
space and fringes, which are yellowish ; a large black spot in the median pale area ;
secondaries black except along costa and an incomplete, interrupted median band.

Expands. — .68-72 inch = 17-18 mm.

Habitat. — Aweme, Man., July 21, Mr. Criddle ; Roundthwaite,
Man., Marmont.

Three males and four females, all in at least fair condition. Two
pairs are from Aweme, one male is from Roundthwaite and two females,
dated July 27, have no locality label. The species is allied to viilosa,
than which it is smaller, stouter, with the secondaries almost solidly
black.

Melicleptria subatra, new species.

Head and body black ; vestiture thin, olivaceous yellow, slightly tinting the
head, thorax and terminal segments of abdomen. Primaries smoky to blackish with
an obscure carmine tinge. Median space yellowish or whitish, costa and inner margin
of the smoky ground, reniform very large, blackish, combining with the costal and
marginal shadings to break the pale area in the three more or less connected blotches.
S. t. line distinct, yellowish, outwardly diffuse, a little sinuated, fringes whitish.
Secondaries black or a little bronzed, with a whitish or yellowish median band which
is completely divided by the large blackish discal spot. Fringes whitish. Beneath,
primaries creamy yellowish, upper half of base and all beyond t. p. line except apex
blackish, a large, constricted discal spot also black. Secondaries creamy yellowish,
inner margin and a discal spot black.

Expands. — .80-. 90 inch = 20-22 mm.

Habitat. — Mt. Rainier, Wash. ; Gallatin Co., Mont., elevation
9,400 feet, July 10.

Two males and one female in tolerably good condition ; one male
and one female numbered 631 of the Washington Experiment Sta-
tion. In type of maculation this resembles sueta = californica ; but
it is much smaller, lacks all the carmine shadings and is altogether a
more sordid form.
Melicleptria triolata, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen black, clothed with thin, divergent whitish hair.
The thorax is scarcely more heavily clothed than the remainder of the body and the
whole impression is of a thin fleecy covering. Primaries with base, s. t. and terminal

March. 1906] Smith: New Noctuid/e. 19

spaces dull, smoky ; median space and the broad subterminal shade line pale yellow-
ish. Basal space uniform, smoky, overlaid by yellowish hairs. T. a. line with an
inward tooth on the median vein, else as a whole outcurved. T. p. line outwardly
oblique from costa, forming a sharp angle on vein 4, thence with a moderate incurve
to base. S. t. line broad, diffuse, pale, only a little irregular. Fringe pale. Orbicular
moderate or small, smoky. Reniform large, smoky, oblong, only a little constricted
medially. Secondaries black, with yellowish fringes, and with a yellow discal area
in which is a. large black discal blotch. Beneath, dull whitish, median area with a
yellow tinge, the darker portions of upper surface showing through. Primaries with
a small black orbicular and a large black reniform. Secondaries with a large, black,
lunate spot.

Expands. — .6'j-.'j2 inch = 17-18 mm.

Habitat. — Los Angeles Co., Calif. ; Argus Mrs., Calif., in May.
One male and two females, two of them in very fair condition.
The specimen from the Argus Mts. was collected by Koebele, belongs
to the National Museum and has a little more of the desert habitus
than the other examples which, while collected in an arid region, were
not so distinctly in a desert area.
Melicleptria dobla, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen black, more or less clothed with yellowish white
scales. The collar has a blackish median line and the abdomen is bare of white
vestiture except at base and tip. Primaries blackish brown or smoky, with an overlay
of whitish scales which is irregularly distributed and probably varies ; median space
whitish, powdered with blackish below vein 2. Basal line whitish, marked on costa.
T. a. line whitish, more or less confused with median space, as a whole with an even
outcurve. T. p. line evenly and rather deeply sinuate, S-shaped, clearly defined,
though narrow. S. t. line narrow, whitish, irregular. A series of blackish terminal
lunules. Fringes of the dark ground color. Orbicular traceable as a black shade on
t. a. line ; but not distinct. Reniform large, subquadrate, blackish, the most promi-
nent feature of the wing. Secondaries black with white fringes. Beneath, pri-
maries black at base ; median space yellowish with a large black reniform, outer area
black, apex yellowish. Secondaries black except along costal and outer margins,
which are yellowish. Body black, breast with yellowish fine divergent vestiture.

Expands. — .78 inch =19.5 mm.

Habitat. — Doble, Calif., April 5.

One good female collected by Mr. George S. Hutson. It is totally
different from all the other species with black secondaries and has no
very close allies in the genus.
Melicleptria edwardsii, new species.

Head and body smoky brown ; vestiture of head and thorax dull brown, tipped
with yellow, giving a yellowish cast to the surface. Abdominal vestiture smooth,
edges of the segments narrowly pale-ringed. Primaries dull smoky brown over a
sordid pale tawny. The basal and s. t. spaces are mostly smoky brown ; the median

20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

space is mostly tawny and the diffuse s. t. line is of the same tint. Basal line
single, distinct, pale. T. a. line broad, tawny, edged with black and brown scales,
its course an almost even outcurve, a trifle broken on the median vein. T. p. line
dirty whitish, with almost a rectangle on vein 5, and running inwardly oblique and a
little incurved below. S. t. line very irregular, so deeply indented opposite the cell
that the s. t. space is nearly cut. Terminal space narrow, smoky, with a darker
brown terminal line. Median space marked with dull brown inferiorly. Ordinary
spots very large, dull brown, almost completely filling the cell. Secondaries tawny
with a large black discal spot and a broad marginal band in which there is a tawny
outer line near the angle. Beneath, primaries very pale tawny, discal spots of upper
side distinctly, other maculation more faintly reproduced ; secondaries with a de-
cidedly coppery red tinge ; a large black discal spot and a diffuse submarginal shade
toward anal angle.

Expands. — .92 inch = 23 mm.

Habitat. — Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in July ; Burrison, collector,

One female in good condition, save that the antenna? are wanting ;
received through Mr. W. D. Kearfott. The species is so utterly un-
like any other species heretofore referred to the genus that there should
be no difficulty in identifying it.
Melicleptria flavidenta, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen black, clothed with olivaceous yellow hair, most
dense on thorax and at the tip of the abdomen. Primaries with a carmine shading in
basal and s. t. spaces ; median space prevailing yellowish ; s. t. space and extreme
base olivaceous. The t. a. line makes a very marked and characteristic inward tooth
on the median cell and thus relieves the orbicular which would otherwise be absorbed
in the basal area as it is in sueta. T. p. line marked by the difference in shade be-
tween median and s. t. space, sharply defined, only a little sinuate. S. t. line not
marked : there is simply an olivaceous shade between the carmine red of the s. t.
and terminal spaces. Fringes pale olivaceous. The inner and inferior portion of
median space are tinted with olivaceous. Orbicular large, obtusely oval, carmine.
Reniform large, oblong, broad, angles rounded, outer margin a little indented at
middle, carmine shaded. Secondaries black, with olivaceous yellow fringes. Median
area yellowish, with a broad black discal spot which cuts the band and gives the
wing an appearance of being black with two yellowish median spots. Beneath,
body clothed with thin, yellow, divergent hair. Primaries, basal area black with a
yellow, sagittate central mark ; median area yellow with a large, black discal spot ;
s. t. space yellow from costa nearly to inner margin, this shade gradually narrowing
until it is entirely lost in the broad black band at inner angle. Secondaries, pale
yellow ; black at base ; median area with a large black discal spot. A narrow black
extra median line merging into a black band toward anal angle.

Expands. — .92 inch = 23 mm.
Habitat. — Utah, July, 1900.

One male from Dr. Barnes, in good condition. The species
looks, at first sight, like a small example of sueta ; but the character-

March, 1906] SMITH: NEW NOCTUIDjE. 21

istic indentation of the t. a. line and the other distinctions pointed
out, justify the new species.

Schinia macroptica, new species.

Head and thorax with an ocherous brown powdering over a luteous base ; abdo-
men dull yellow. Primaries with median space silvery white, else luteous with
ocherous brown powderings ; a large somewhat transversely oval ocherous brown
reniform making the most conspicuous feature of the wing. T. a. space powdery,
extending to the t. a. line, which is rigid, a little oblique, and marked only by the
contrast of silvery median and ocherous basal space. T. p. line marked in the same
way against the s. t. space, even in course, rather widely bent over the large reniform
then evenly oblique to the hind margin. S. t. line pale, very irregular, almost cut-
ting the s. t. space opposite cell. Apex and upper portion of terminal space golden
brown, shading into the palest ground at anal angle. A series of deep brown terminal
marks. Fringes luteous, not cut or interlined. Secondaries whitish at base, with a
broad washed-out outer band and whitish fringes. Beneath, primaries smoky, paler
at base, with a large blackish discal spot and a yellowish s. t. line. Secondaries
white with a faint yellowish tinge.

Expands. — .86 inch = 21 mm.

Habitat. — Southern Arizona, Poling.

One female without date or definite locality, but probably from
Pima County in September. The very large discal spot of primaries,
shaded with golden brown in the silvery white median space, marks
this species at once. From oculata, to which the new form is allied,
it differs by the much broader basal and outer luteous areas, as well as
by the much larger and differently shaped reniform.

The tibial armature consists of a long, not very pointed inner
claw and a stout spine above it, while on the outer side are two
shorter, claw-like spines.

Schinia biforma, new species.

Head and thorax tawny yellow : abdomen clothed with thin hair of the same
color over a black base. Primaries deep tawny over a lighter yellow base. The
median lines are broad, of the pale ground, diffuse, tending to broaden toward the
center so as to lighten the median space. T. a. line nearly rectangularly bent above
the middle. T. p. line feebly bisinuate. S. t. line obscure, even, of the pale ground.
Fringes pale. No discal spots. Secondaries evenly black, with yellow fringes. Be-
neath primaries blackish, apex and margins more or less tawny ; secondaries pale
tawny, shaded with blackish toward the inner margin.

Expands. — . 76-. 80 inch = 19-20 mm.
Habitat. — Kerrville, Texas.

One male and two females, the former in poor, the latter in good
condition. In size and wing-form the species resembles roseitincta ; in

22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

the uniformly black secondaries and tawny simply marked primaries
it differs from all others of the genus. The vestiture of the head and
thorax is predominantly hairy and rather close. The fore tibia has
one long somewhat curved inner claw and two spines above it, while
at the outer side it has three shorter claws decreasing in size from
the tip.
Schinia olivacea, new species.

Head and thorax olivaceous gray, the greenish tinge quite obvious ; abdomen
with a thinner covering of olivaceous over a brown base. Primaries, basal space
brown, with a distinct reddish tinge at the base which becomes overlaid by olive
green until at the t. a. line it is the darkest part of the wing. T. a. line pale,
rather evenly and not very much outcurved. Median space olivaceous gray, forming
the palest portion of the wing anteriorly, darkening to a more intense olivaceous out-
wardly until it merges into the s. t. space, obscuring the very narrow gray t. p. line
which is even, obliquely bisinuate. S. t. line greenish gray, distinct, very even,
parallel to the outer margin. A broken, black terminal line. Fringes cut with
brown. Secondaries an even brownish black, fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries
smoky except on the costal margin and fringes ; the latter cut with blackish, the
former by a t. p. line ; secondaries costal half dull yellowish gray, with a discal
spot and outer line, inferior half blackish, fringes yellowish.

Expands. — .84 inch = 21 mm.

Habitat. — Beeville, Tex., in October.

One female only, dated in 1895. I feel quite sure that I have seen
other specimens of this but have no record. It is allied to arcifera
and the male may differ in color. The anterior tibia has one long
pointed inner claw and three smaller outer spine-like claw -processes.

Schinia ferricasta, new species.

Head and thorax light chestnut or somewhat rusty brown ; abdomen more yel-
lowish. Primaries with basal space pale chestnut brown. T. a. line whitish, out-
wardly merging into the pale median space, with a wide and rather even outcurve.
T. p. line whitish, well defined, evenly and very slightly bisinuate. Median space
dull luteous gray with a brown tinge outwardly. S. t. space velvety brown, a little
less red than in basal space, lightening a little toward the outer margin to indicate a
vague pale s. t. line. Fringes concolorous with terminal space. A vague indication
of a reniform is traceable. Secondaries a somewhat deep coppery yellow from base
to beyond middle, where a blackish shading begins, extending to the outer margin.
Fringes lurid yellow. Beneath, primaries tawny yellow to beyond middle, a blackish
s. t. space and a rosy red terminal space ; discal spot black ; secondaries yellow at
base shading to rosy and then to brownish outwardly.

Expands. — .92-1.00 inch = 23-35 mm-

Habitat. — Palmerly, Cochise Co., Ariz., August, Collection
Brooklyn Institute; Baboquivaria Mts., Pima Co., Ariz., July 20;

March, igo6.] SMITH '. NEW NOCTUID^E. 23

Mr. O. C. Poling: Huachuca Mts., August 1-7 ; Santa Catalina Mts.;
Pinal Co., August 24, Dr. Barnes.

Five male specimens, the one from the Brooklyn Institute in per-
fect condition, the others somewhat defective. The species is ob-
viously related to arcifera and may be an extreme form of it ; but I
do not believe that likely. The new form is altogether lighter as a
whole, and the median space is contrastingly paler. The median lines
also, while similar in course, are much broader and more conspicuous.
It is probable that the female will be found to have black or brown
outer secondaries.

The tibial armature consists of one long inner and two shorter
outer claws with the accessory spines small and defective.
Schinia erosa, new species.

Head, thorax and primaries except median space a rather bright luteous. Head
and thorax immaculate. Primaries with well defined maculation, the median space
white or whitish, contrasting or with a wash of the ground color which obscures the
bright effect. The basal space has no markings and is only a little curved at its outer
border which is well defined. The outer portion of the median space becomes a
little luteous shaded below the reniform, deepening so as to relieve a whitish t. p.
line which is well curved over the cell and a little incurved below. S. t. line whitish,
very irregular, appearing as though gnawed from the outer side, this appearance
heightened by a preceding dusky shade which becomes black at some points along
the edge of the line. There is a very narrow pale line at the base of the fringes
which are obscurely cut with pale. The orbicular is vaguely indicated by a few dull
scales. Reniform of good size, oblong, a little oblique, dusky, the outer border
marked with black scales. Secondaries whitish to beyond the middle, then a
rather broad, irregular, diffuse smoky or blackish band, beyond which the terminal
area is yellowish to the whitish fringes. There is a large black discal spot. Beneath,
whitish ; primaries with a small round orbicular and a large oblong reniform, black,
contrasting, s. t. line of the upper side being even more sharply marked than above :
secondaries with the discal spot and extra-median hand of upper side duplicated.

Expands. — .80-. 88 inch = 20-22 mm.

Habitat. — Utah; Phoenix, Ariz., Sept. 16 and 24.

Three examples, one of them a female, are at hand. The Utah
example is old and its source is not known as it has only one of the
old State labels. Of the Phoenix examples one belongs to Dr. Barnes
and bears his number 123 ; the other was given me by Mr. Wm. H.
Broadwell and is the best specimen of the three.

The fore tibial armature consists of one very long pointed claw at
the inner angle and above it two or three spines along the inner mar-
gin ; one moderately long pointed claw at the outer angle and two
smaller claws above it on the outer side.

24 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Schinia pallicincta, new species.

Head and thorax pale lemon over clay yellow ; abdomen a little paler. Pri-
maries yellow luteous over a whitish base, the median lines broad, whitish, diffuse.
T. a. line nearly upright. T. p. line oblique a little outcurved over cell. In one
specimen the s. t. line is quite well defined near costa by preceding brown scales ; in
the other it is almost lost. No discal spots. Secondaries blackish with a rosy red
tinge; fringes pale. Beneath, primaries yellowish with blackish disk and discal
mark a little tinged with rosy. Secondaries yellowish with a smoky disc which is
strongly tinged with rosy.

Expands, — .7 2-. So inch = 18-20 mm.

Habitat. — San Diego County, Calif. ; Utah.

Two female examples, both somewhat defective. The two ex-
amples are very much alike in appearance and essential structure ; but
differ in that the Utah example has a very distinctly marked s. t. line
which in the California example is obscure. The former is to be con-
sidered the type should the latter prove to be distinct. The fore tibia
has a very long inner curved claw and two shorter outer claws also
slender and somewhat spine like.

Schinia tobia, new species.

Head and thorax olivaceous luteous over a whitish base. Abdomen whitish.
Primaries dull olivaceous with the transverse markings broadly white. Extreme base
white. T. a. line a broad white band, inwardly defined, outwardly diffuse, broader
on the costa and internal margin, a little outcurved. T. p. line broad, white,
margins not sharply defined, tending to broaden on costa and inner margin. S. t.
line a little irregular, indefined, not strongly marked. S. t. space is darker than
ground on costa and internal margin, and paler between these po;nts ; but no well
marked blotching occurs. Fringes a little paler than ground. The reniform is a
whitish lunule which may become almost or quite obsolete. Secondaries whitish,
with a dull olivaceo-luteous outer margin ; fringes white. Beneath white, primaries
a little gray shaded and sometimes with a discal spot.

Expands. — .92 inch = 23 mm.

Habitat. — Phcenix, Ariz., September 16-23.

Two good females, through Dr. Barnes ; very similar in appear-
ance and obviously allied to sexplagiata and biundulata, really in a
way intermediate, yet differing from both. The fore tibia has a long,
slender, pointed inner claw with two much smaller spines above it,
and two shorter outer spine-like claws and smaller spines above them.
Schinia constricta, Hy. Edw.

This species has long been a puzzle to me and I have been keep-
ing close watch for specimens since I first saw the type in 1882 ; but
until recently without success. In my Revision of 1883 I note that,

March, 1906.] Smith : New NOCTUID/E. 25

" It is closely related to the preceding \rivulosa~\ while easily separated
from it." The characteristic feature in which the species differs from
all its congeners is that there is no complete median space and there
are no median lines. From the costa a t. a. line starts normally, but
instead of crossing the wing it forms a segment of a circle, reaching
the costa again at the place of the t. p. line. On the inner margin a
similar mark occurs and between the two segments the ground color
extends through the center of the wing.

On the occasion of a visit to Boston in September, 1905, I had
opportunity to look over the very interesting collection of Mr. H. H.
Newcomb and found to my delight an example of Schinia const ricta,
though not exactly typical. It came from New York in the Emily L.
Morton collection, was marked New Windsor, 22, VII, '91, and was
a unique. It had the lines marked as in the type ; but the dark shad-
ing did not extend across the median space and which was quite obvi-
ous throughout. The relationship to rivulosa was now so clear that I
determined we had only an aberration to deal with and looked over
my own specimens, finding a clear tendency to narrow the space between
the median lines. One example had them so nearly approximated
that the space was all but divided and was a perfect intermediate
between the normal form and the New Windsor specimen.

Constricta must, therefore, in future rank as an aberrational form
of rivulosa and not as a distinct species. The original type is from
North Carolina and as the second specimen is from New York, the
aberration may occur anywhere within the range of the species.

Schinia accessa, new species.

Ground color silvery white, overlaid by pale olive green, so that only the lines
show the ground. Head, edge of collar and patagia and disc of thorax white marked.
Abdomen whitish. Primaries with the transverse lines in the form of broad, oblique
white bands. Basal space shaded with white above and below the median vein. T.
a. line with a long outward tooth on the cell extending almost to reniform, inwardly
oblique below. The band is inwardly bounded by a darker edging, outwardly with-
out a sharp defining edge between the white and olive. T. p. line very oblique with
a little outcurve over cell and a little indrawing below ; inwardly indefined, outwardly
edged by black scales which may form spots. S. t. line narrower, white, even, close
to and parallel with outer margin ; fringe white. The reniform is in the form of an
oblique, elongate lunule with the margins black, the center concolorous. Secon-
daries white, with a more or less distinct outer blackish band and a blackish discal
lunule. Beneath, primaries whitish, with the maculation of upper side incompletely
reproduced, the reniform black filled and the orbicular present as a black spot.
Secondaries also with markings of upper side feebly indicated.

2<; Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Expands. — 1.04-1.16 inches =26 — 29 mm.

Habitat. — Kerrville, Texas.

I have two female specimens, one well preserved though papered,
the other without locality and somewhat rubbed, from Dr. Barnes,
but almost certainly from Kerrville also, though by a different col-
lector. The armature of the fore tibia consists of a heavy inner claw,
above which is a curved stout spine and a series of small spines, and
three outer blunt claws decreasing in size toward base.

The species is allied to trifascia in appearance and belongs next
to it in Hampson's arrangement, differing most obviously in the angu-
lated t. a. line and huge reniform spot.
Schinia alensa, new species.

Ground color dull creamy white, the markings olivaceous luteous. Head and
thorax immaculate, thorax a little washed with luteous. Basal space luteous, darken-
ing a little to the t. a. line which is defined by the contrast between basal and median
space and is evenly arcuate. Median space white to the t. p. line which is evenly
bisinuate, marked by the contrast between median and s. t. space, the median space
broken by an outer, diffuse shade which may form a somewhat even band and may
broaden inferiorly so as to leave only broad pale median lines. S. t. space olivaceous
luteous, almost cut opposite the cell by a deep indentation from the pale terminal
space. A series of dusky or blackish terminal marks at the base of the dusky fringes.
The reniform is marked by two small black dots connected by a narrow line of black
scales. Secondaries white, with a dusky, obscure outer border and a faint discal
spot. Beneath, primaries creamy gray with a large, blackish discal mark. Secon-
daries white, immaculate.

Expands. — .86-1.00 inch = 22-25 mm.

Habitat. — Southern Arizona, August 1 — 1 5, Poling; Wilgus,
Cochise Co., Ariz., no date.

Two males and two females in fair condition, a pair from each
locality, through Dr. Barnes. There is some variation in the intensity
of the darker shading and some in its extent ; but as a whole the
specimens look very much alike. The relationship is to separata with
which the new species agrees in tibial armature.
Schinia illustra, new species.

Head and thorax rather pale ocherous yellow, abdomen whitish yellow. Pri-
maries a little deeper in ground than the thorax, the shadings in brownish ochre. T.
a. line even, with a moderately long median angulation, preceded by an ocher-brown
shading and marked by a few dark scales outwardly — otherwise the line is concolor-
ous. The outer portion of median space is filled by an ocher brown shade which in-
cludes the t. p. lines, invades the s. t. space and from which rays extend along the
veins to the outer margin. T. p. line of the ground color, outwardly denticulated on
the veins, in course very evenly bisinuated. There is no s. t. line. Orbicular want-

March, 1906.] Smith : New Noctuice. 27

ing. Reniform an irregular, linear, whitish line, with a deeper brown shading on
each line. Terminal dots on some of the veins, the brown shadings crossing the
whitish fringes. Secondaries, whitish, with a lustrous yellowish reflection. Beneath,
whitish, with a yellowish shading ; primaries with a blackish discal spot, some
brown subapical spots and brown marks on the fringes ; secondaries with an obscure
subapical brown shading.

Expands. — 1.10 inches = 27 mm.

Habitat. — Glenwood Springs, Colo., July 20.

One good female which has been in my hands for years, originally
received from Dr. Barnes. The fore legs are missing hence the arma-
ture cannot be described ; but it is probably not unlike that of wal-
singhami, to which the new species is most nearly allied. The most
characteristic feature of the species is the absence of an s. t. line and
the rayed terminal area.

Schinia megarena, new species.

Head and thorax creamy white, more or less tinged with ocherous brown.
Primaries, ground color a rather dull white, the maculations and shadings formed by
ocherous and brown scales. The large, blotch-like reniform, which is more or less
marked by black scales is the only conspicuous feature of the wing. The extreme
base is white, the brown powderings darkening gradually to the narrow t. a. line
which is somewhat irregularly angled and, as a whole, nearly upright, emphasized by
a few black scales. The median space is white to beyond its middle, then darkened
by a powdery ocherous band which crosses the reniform and runs close to the t. p.
line inferiorly. T. p. line geminate, the inner line powdery and obscure, the outer
marked with black scales, a little irregular and sometimes almost lunulate ; in course
with a long outcurve over cell and a moderate incurve below reniform. S. t. space
brown, powdered, very irregular outwardly where it marks the whitish, diffuse s. t.
line. Terminal space brownish powdered except at apex, which is usually white.
A series of terminal black lunules. Fringes ocherous, with a white interline. The
orbicular may be absent or may be marked by a narrow, incomplete ring of black
scales. Secondaries white. Beneath, primaries with a slightly gray tinge, with
prominent reniform and a more or less well denned orbicular — though the latter may
be entirely wanting.

Expands. — .88-1.00 inch = 22-25 mm-

Habitat. — Kerrville, Tex.; Utah, August 4 to September 6,
Poling.

Nine males and four females all from Mr. Poling. Only one male
is from Kerrville, the others have simply the " Utah" and date label.
All the examples are a little worn or defective.

In a general way this resembles a bleached out S. tertia with im-
maculate secondaries. The type of maculation is the same ; but the
details vary greatly and this is not nearly so handsome a species.

28 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Eupanychis camina, new species.

Head and thorax dull, smoky luteous, some of the thoracic scales with a metallic
lustre. Primaries smoky black over a dully whitish base. Basal space blackish,
extends fully one third of the wing, limiting the t. a. line by the contrast in color with
the pale median space. In course the line is somewhat acutely and a little irregularly
outcurved. Median space whitish, more or less black powdered, interrupted by the
large, oblong, black reniform. T. p. line rather evenly bisinuate, best marked by the
contrast with the black s. t. space. S. t. space black with a dusting of whitish scales,
narrowed by the outcurve of the t. p. line. S. t. line whitish gray, diffuse, a little
irregular, darkening outwardly into the smoky terminal area. A broad, black, lunate
terminal line. Fringes smoky at base, whitish at tip. Secondaries black, disc whitish
with a large black discal spot almost dividing it, fringes tipped with gray. Beneath,
primaries with maculation of upper side essentially reproduced but more contrasting.
Secondaries mostly whitish with black basal and discal spots and a black margin
which is incomplete apically.

Expands. — .76 inch =19 mm.

Habitat. — Hampton, New Hampshire, Weed and Fiske, No.
2164.

One female specimen in fair condition. It is obviously allied to
spinosce in general appearance ; but is smaller, entirely without red-
brown admixture and not nearly so well marked. It has almost the
appearance and color of a diminutive Heliotliis.
Thalpochares hutsoni, new species.

Ground color a faint creamy white, varying toward luteous. Head thorax and
abdomen concolorous, immaculate. Primaries as a rule a little darker than body, the
maculation a darker shade of the ground color with a slight olivaceous tinge in the
best marked specimens. Basal line discernible in one specimen, broad, diffuse,
broken. T. a. line broad, single, faintly relieved, with a rather even outcurve,
recognizable in about half the specimens and distinct in one. T. p. line a distinct
band, a little sinuate, as a whole nearly parallel with outer margin, broken by the
round reniform which is concolorous with the band and is cut out of it by a whitish
outline. A median shade band extends from the middle of costa to the t. p. line be-
low the cell ; but is complete in one example only. Terminal space is a little darker,
but no s. t. line is relieved. A series of black terminal dots. Secondaries whitish
with a faint yellowish tinge, fringes white. Beneath, primaries smoky ; secondaries
white.

Expands. — .64 inch = 16 mm.

Habitat. — Yuma Co., Ariz., in March, Mr. Hutson.

Six examples, evenly divided as to sex, and all in good condition.
This little species is neatly if inconspicuously marked, and is named
after its collector, from whom I have received not a few novelties as
the result of his desert wanderings. That these explorations were
primarily for gold and that the capture and care of the specimens

March, 1906.] Smith '. New NOCTUID/E. 29

added much to the labors of the journey does not detract from Mr.
Hutson's merit. No one sends better specimens than he does !

This species also has the cylindrical frontal process and will be
associated with catalina, I believe.
Thalpochares catalina, new species.

Head, thorax and abdomen white, slightly lustrous. Primaries white, with a
slight creamy tinge ; immaculate to the middle, and nowhere with contrasting macu-
lation. Beyond the middle of costa a vaguely luteous band bends outwardly through
the cell, there forms an obtuse angle inward, becomes better marked and broader,
reaching the inner margin a little beyond the middle. This band varies in width and
in distinctness. At the outer border is a broad margin of faint bluish gray, through
which the white, slightly sinuous s. t. line is traceable. A series of black terminal
dots is obvious in one specimen. Fringes white. Beneath ; primaries blackish,
fringes white ; secondaries white.

Expands. — .80 inch = 20 mm.

Habitat. — Yuma Co., Ariz., April 19, Hutson ; Babaquivera
Mts., Pima Co., Ariz., July 16-23, Dr. Barnes; Tuscon, Ariz., May
13-14 and Catalina Springs, Ariz., July 5, Mr E. A. Schwarz.

Three males and three females, half of them in rather ragged con-
dition, yet all characteristic. Seems to be rather widely distributed,
yet obviously not over-common.

It is probable that this species will have to be removed from Thal-
pochares eventually, because like so many of our desert forms, this has
a frontal protuberance, cylindrical and truncate, covered by the vesti-
ture in good examples but readily exposed. I do not propose a new
generic term here, because the species of this and allied genera are
not well represented in collections and the limits of the genera already
named are by no means accurately defined.

Bomolocha lutalba, new species.

Ground color a dirty luteous gray ; head and thorax immaculate, abdomen paler,
with narrow whitish segmental rings. Primaries more or less shaded with smoky, with
a conspicuous rigid narrow yellowish s. t. line, more or less defined by a dusky preced-
ing shade, more distinct in the male than in the female. T. a. line single, smoky,
rather broad, somewhat diffuse, with small outcurves between the veins and as a
whole a little outcurved. T. p. line narrow, smoky, not well defined, irregular yet
scarcely crenulate, well curved over the cell and as deeply drawn in below. There is
a broken, scarcely lunate terminal line. Reniform an obscurely defined dusky blotch
of moderate size. Secondaries whitish ; there is an outer, rigid yellowish line abruptly
bent near anal angle, preceded by a dark shading, which seems like a continuation
of the s. t. line of primaries ; toward the base there is a less distinct continuation of
the t. a. line of primaries. Beneath, both wings with a slight reddish tinge, powdery,
with smoky median and extra-median lines and a dusky discal spot.

30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Expands. — .92-1.00 inch = 23-25 mm.

Habitat. — Cartwright, Man., Mr. E. Firmstone Heath.

Two males and three females are at hand, all of them of Mr.
Heath's collecting and three of them very good examples. The re-
lationship is to ochreipennis ; but the species is smaller, different in
color, the lines differ somewhat in course and the enlargement of the
$ antenna is made up in a different way — a character that must be
figured rather than described.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN MOTHS.

By Harrison G. Dyar, A.M., Ph.D.,
Washington, D. C.

Family COCHLIDIID/E.

Genus SEMYRA Walker.
Semyra maris, new species.

Dark blackish brown. Fore wings heavily obscured, without lighter areas, but
the terminal portion beyond the line of a more purplish luster. Line faint, fine, blu-
ish, from beyond middle of inner margin, slightly bent inward, running to the costo-
subapical mark, which consists of a small dark brown spot, nearly surrounded by a
bluish halo. Submedian space basally reddish with a slightly raised dot. Hind
wings brown, considerably lighter over disk to base. Expanse, 27 mm.

One (J\ St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana (Wm, Schaus).

Type no. 9132, U. S. National Museum.

Named in honor of Miss Mary Hudson of Plattsburgh, New York.

The species is allied to S. distincta Moschl., and I have considered
the possibility of its being the male of that species ; but none of the
species of Semyra are sexually dimorphic, so I have decided that it is
more probably distinct. The lines are placed as in distincta, but the
apical part of the marking is obliterated.

Family PYRALID/E.

Subfamily Phycitin.e.

Genus MYELOIS Hiibner.
Myelois glendella, new species.

Light gray, the lines black except the subbasal blotch which is olivaceous.
Wing whitish, thickly dusted with black scales. Inner line broad, straight, dis-
tinctly oblique, edged with whitish within ; an olivaceous gray half band before it on

March, 1906.] DVAR : NEW AMERICAN MOTHS. 31

inner margin ; discal dots conjoined, diffused ; outer line slightly bent inward in sub-
costal and submedian interspaces, slightly dentate, followed by a whitish edge, be-
yond which is a faint subterminal gray line. Black dots on the termen. Hind wings
pale grayish. Expanse, 22 to 23 mm.

Two cj\ Glenwood Springs, Colorado (Dr. Wm. Barnes), one of
the specimens in Dr. Barnes's collection.
Type no. 9100, U. S. National Museum.

Genus ZOPHODIA Hiibner.
Zophodia polingella, new species.

Similar to Z. glaucatella Hulst, but much larger and the outer line more incised.
Light gray, whitish on costal half, inner margin between the lines strongly shaded
with fuscous to median vein. Lines faint, black, the inner line bent at an angle on
median vein, the outer incised subapically, supplemented by a black triangle on costa.
Discal dot single, large, sublunate. Hind wing white. Thorax gray with a black
posterior band. Expanse, 26 to 32 mm.

One tf, one Q, Southern Arizona, April 1-15 (Poling). The 9
is in the collection of Dr. Barnes.

Type no. 9101, U. S. National Museum.

Genus POUJADIA Ragonot.
Poujadia pimella, new species.

Palpi long, sickle-shaped, obliquely upturned, three times as long as the head.
Fore wings with II veins, 4 and 5 stalked; hind wings with 7 veins. Fore wings
flesh colored, the costa broadly dark gray ; gray scales scattered on all the veins ; a
white ray along median vein, running out on the stalk of veins 4 and 5. Hind wings
grayish, fringe pale. Expanse 24 mm.

Two (5\ Babaquivera Mts., Arizona, Pima County (Wm. Barnes).
One type is in Dr. Barnes's collection.

Type no. 9102, U. S. National Museum.

Genus OLLIA Dyar.
Ollia parvella, new species.

Costal half of fore wing white with slight darker lines on the veins toward apex.
Inner half pale ocherous, shading to gray next to white part. Hind wing whitish.
Expanse, 12 mm.

Six Cj , Brownsville, Texas, May 31 to June 9, 1904 (H. S.
Barber).

Type no. 9103, U. S. National Museum.

Without the $ the generic position is in some doubt, but lies be-
tween Ollia in which the male antennae are simple and shortly pecti-
nated, and Pectinigera Ragonot (= Cayuga Hulst), in which they are
modified at base by a scale tuft.

32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order XI, ORTHOPTERA.

THE CYRTOPHYLLI OF THE UNITED STATES.

By A. N. Caudell,

Washington, D. C.

(Plate I.)

The members of the group Cyrtophylli, generally known as true
Katydids, are rarely numerously represented in collections, though at
times they are rather common in some localities. The nights may re-
sound with the song of the males and yet the listener never see one of
the songsters. This is accounted for by the habitat of the insect, which
is in the tallest trees available. In the vicinity of Washington they
live in tall trees in the woods, thus escaping notice by the greater
number of people. In some localities they are numerous and, in the
absence of large trees, live in orchards and shrubbery. In such localities
they are no rarity to the farmer or fruit grower but in places where
large trees abound one may live a life time and rarely see one, though
often hearing the stridulations of the male. The sound made by these
insects is the loudest made by any orthopterous songster known, being
indeed, unsurpassed by any insect of any order except the Cicada, or
harvest fly. The song of the common species, perspicillatus, consists
of a rasping note repeated from two to five times, usually three, fol-
lowed by a short pause. The same species seems to vary its song from
time to time, sometimes the note being repeated but twice and again
as many as five times, the number probably depending upon the vigor
of the insect as well as upon the temperature. The number is said to
vary quite regularly in the number of beats per minute according to
whether the temperature is higher or lower. The number per minute
at a temperature of 82 ° is said to be about 89 while at 580 it is but 15
to 20. The notes have a fancied resemblance to the words "Katy-
did," or " Katy-did, she-did."

The female of these insects, at least that of the common species,
perspicillatus, is unique among Orthopterous insects, so far as known,
in that they stridulate in a manner similar to that of the males. The
elytra are partially opened and closed just as are those of the males
during stridulation. The roughened surface of the triangular anal

March, 1906.] CAUDELL : CyRTOPHYLLI OF THE UNITED STATES. 33

areas rub over each other, like the tympani of the males, the right
elytron sliding beneath the left one. The resulting sound is a sharp
scraping note heard easily for several yards. This sound is made by
the female when disturbed by handling but whether or not it is ever made
voluntarily in nature is not known, but it presumably is when the insect
is disturbed by any cause. Not enough study has been given the
various species of these interesting insects in nature to admit of their
separation on song and habit. But little is recorded regarding their
breeding habits. Jaeger, Life of North American Insects, p. 108, says
the female oviposits in the soil but his observations, which are also
given by Lord in Science Gossip for July, 1865, must have been faulty
as the eggs are quite surely deposited in crevices in the bark of trees.
Professor Riley secured eggs from a female in captivity. They were
inserted into a piece of cork and some into crannies in the breeding
cage. On October first of last year Mr. Barber secured a female
of perspicillatus ovipositing by night on Plummers Island, Md. The
ovipositor was inserted into the bark of a small Elm tree a few feet
above the ground. This is probably not the usual place of oviposition,
the eggs more likely being inserted into the bark of large trees some
considerable distance from the ground. The young feed on the leaves
and very probably rarely or never leave the shelter of the tree upon
which they were born. They mature in July and live till killed by the
coming of cold weather. In the vicinity of Washington the males
commence stridulating in the latter part of July and continue till about
the first of October, rarely later.

The song is heard from dark to nearly daylight throughout August
and well into September. But as the nights grow cooler they stop
earlier and the survivers that live to sound their note after the middle
of October rarely do so at night, the notes being feeble and made dur-
ing the afternoon. Mr. Barber has heard the note of perspicillatus as
late as the first week in November. But evidently very few indi-
viduals live that late in the latitude of Washington.

Considerable doubt exists as to whether or not these insects ever
fly. I have repeatedly endeavored to persuade specimens to fly, but
without success. Both Mr. Barber and I have succeeded in getting
specimens to spread the wings and sail to the ground, alighting with
a thud, but no attempt was made by the insects towards actual flight.
They probably soar from one tree to another after the manner of the
flying-squirrel. They may also at times actually fly as Mr. McAtee

34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

claims to have seen a " katy-did with round wings " flying about the
tops of tall trees on Plummers Island, Maryland. The elytra were
held rigid while the insect was in flight, like those of Colcoptera.
But, being at such a height above the observer, accurate observations
were necessarily difficult and error may have resulted.

Five nominal species of this group have been recorded from the
United States, C. perspicillatus Fabr. , concavus Harr., zimmermanni
Sauss., hypericifolius Stoll, and floridensis Beutenm. Eliminating cer-
tain of these through synonomy or being erroneously referred to our
fauna and adding three new species we have six species referable to
three genera. These genera may be separated as follows :

Pronotum scarcely longer than the middle width, the lateral lcbes quadrate or higher
than long ; supraanal plate of the female no more than twice as long as the
middle width, apically broadly rounded or subtruncate.
Anterior tibia; spined above ; pronotum subtruncate posteriorly, the lateral
carina; subpersistent ; posterior femora with about ten spines below on the
outer carina ; supraanal plate of both sexes convex above on the basal two
thirds and longitudinally sulcate ; cerci of male with the branches parallel, the

tips no farther apart than the length of the lower branch Paracyrtophyllus.

Anterior tibia; unarmed above ; pronotum posteriorly rounded or subangulate,
the lateral carina; not indicated anterior of the principal sulcus ; posterior
femora with about five or six spines on the outer carina below ; supraanal
plate of both sexes concave above on the basal fourth only or nearly wholly
flat ; cerci of the male with the branches divergent, the tips further separated

than the length of the lower branch Cyrtophyllus.

Pronotum considerably longer than the middle breadth, the lateral lobes decidedly
longer than high ; supraanal plate of the female more than twice as long as the
middle width, apically narrowly rounded Lea.

Genus PARACYRTOPHYLLUS, new.

Color green. Head short, broad ; interocular space about four times as broad
as one of the eyes ; vertex dorsally sulcate, very narrow, about one half as broad
basally as one of the eyes, acute with the sides straight. Antennae long and slender,
nearly twice as long as the body, including the wings, the basal segment much
enlarged ; antennary scrobes laminate on the inner side, as long as the vertex ; eyes
subglobose, small but prominent. Prothorax short, broad and stout, the disk granulous
or rugose, nearly flat and crosses by two transverse sulci, usually fairly distinct but
sometimes more faint, the posterior one generally the more distinct and situated about
the middle, the anterior one, sometimes quite indistinct, cutting the anterior half about
the middle ; posterior margin of the pronotal disk subtruncate ; lateral lobes vertical,
subquadrate or slightly higher than broad, the lower and anterior margins straight,
the posterior margin straight below, inclining slightly backwards above ; lateral
carina; persistent, usually obscured near the anterior border of the pronotum ; pro-,
meso- and metasterni each armed with a pair of quite long sharp spines, those of the

March, 1906.] CAUDELL '. CyRTOPHYLLI OF THE UNITED STATES. 35

prosternum cylindrical, the others more or less triangular. Abdomen heavy, one of
the segments near the base tuberculate above in the male and the penultimate segment
in the same sex is very broad and somewhat flaring ; supraanal plate convex and
longitudinally sulcate above on at least the basal two thirds, but little longer than
broad in either sex, apically broadly rounded, sometimes subtruncate ; subgenital
plate of the male prominently produced as a long flattened slightly tapering blade,
dorsally concave and cleft in the apical third, the two branches more or less connate.
Ovipositor a broad slightly curved blade, about two times as long as the pronotum,
slightly broadened mesially and apically quite abruptly pointed, subapically armed on
each side with two or three short transverse ridges and very finely and dully serrate
below on the apical fourth or less ; the central portion of the ovipositor is so thin as
to be translucid but the tip and both margins are thickened and opaque. Cerci of
female rounded, pointed, the tips obscurely and briefly furcate ; of male angular and
forked, the branches parallel (Fig. 6). Elytra very broad, and usually convex
giving the insect a very rotund appearance, the basal half or more of the costal area
in the male is subhyaline with conspicuous parallel transverse veins and the speculum
is exceedingly well developed (Fig. 1) ; wings ample, considerably shorter than the
elytra. Legs slender, weak ; anterior tibiae with slit-like foramina present on both
sides, hind femora about three and one half times as long as the pronotum, moderately
swollen on the basal half or three fifths, armed below on the outer carina with ten short
stout spines ; middle and anterior femora armed on both margins below with several
spines on the outer carinse of the middle ones and the inner carinae of the anterior
ones * the opposite carinse with but three or four spines, sometimes but one or two.
Tibiae flattened above with acute margins, the anterior pair armed above on the outer
carina with half a dozen stout spines, none apical, the inner carina unarmed or with
but one or two minute spines ; middle and posterior tibiae armed above and below on
both sides with a number of spines.

Type : P. robustus Caudell.

The description of this genus has been made in full as those of the
following ones are somewhat comparative with it.

The measurements given in this paper are made as follows : Width
of elytra is at the widest point. Length of the ovipositor, and of the
subgenital plate of the male the measurement is from the extreme
ventral base direct to the tip. Width of the subgenital plate of the
male is the width at the widest point of that portion projecting beyond
the tip of the body. Width of the pronotum is the width at the
broadest point, always across the posterior part. Width of ovipositor
is the width at the widest point beyond the body.

* In descriptive entomology confusion is liable when mention of the outer or inner
side of the anterior legs is made, when in a natural position the inner side of the
anterior femur is really the outer side when corellately considered. For the sake of
convenience the legs are always considered as being in a natural position when being
described, that is the posterior and intermediate ones directed backwards and the
anterior ones directed forwards.

:-!(; Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Paracyrtophyllus robustus, new species (PL I. figs, i and 6).

Robust; thorax heavy and broad, disk flat, considerably elevated in the posterior
third, less so in the female ; transverse sulci moderately distinct, the anterior one less
so; lateral carina; persistent and moderately acute, usually somewhat obscured in
front of the anterior transverse sulcus. Elytra about twice as long as broad in the fe-
male, in the male about one and one half times as long as broad ; wings considerably
shorter than the elytra. Supraanal plate of both sexes convex above on the basal
two thirds or three fourths and longitudinally sulcate, the apical portion flattened and
apically broadly rounded or sometimes subtruncate ; subgenital plate of the male
longer than the thorax, slightly and gradually tapering, the tip split, the two parts
distinct and apically subcompressed ; cerci of the female slightly broader than thick,
about five times as long as the basal width, somewhat incurved and apically incised ;
that of the male divided into two long parallel branches, incurved apically, the lower
branch with about [he apical half bent inwards and backwards (Fig. 6). Oviposi-
tor broad and about two and one half times as long as the length of the thorax.

Length, pronotum, male, 6-7 ; female, 6-7 ; elytra, male, 28-29 '■>
female, 28-30; posterior femora, male, 22-23; female, 22-25; sim"
genital plate, male, 13 ; ovipositor, 17 mm. Width, pronotum, male,
8.5 ; female, 8-9 ; elytra, male, 19 ; female, 14-16 ; subgenital plate,
male, 2.25-2.5 ; ovipositor, 3-5-3.75 mm.

Type no. 9143, U. S. National Museum.

Five specimens are before me, three males and two females, all
from Texas without definite locality except one female, the largest
specimen, which is from Tiger Mills. Other specimens are in the
Scudder collection at Cambridge, Mass.

The broader thorax with its more distinct lateral carinas, the
dorsally armed anterior tibial and the shorter elytra and wings make
this insect easily distinguishable from related forms. The song and
habits are very probably similar to those of the species belonging to
the following genus. I had thought to construe the Cyrtophyllits per-
spicillatus of Fabr. , to be this form but was prohibited from doing so
by the pronotum of his species being described as posteriorly rounded,
which is not true of this species.

Genus CYRTOPHYLLUS Burmeister.

Cyrtophyllus Burm. Handb. Ent., II, 697 (1838).

Superficially closely resembling the previous genus but is readily
distinguished from it by the general form, which is less robust, and by
the distinctly more elongate elytra. Structurally there are a number
of correlated characters separating this genus from its allies. Lateral
carinas of the pronotum distinct only behind the principal transverse

March, 1906] CaUDELL : CyRTOPHVLLI OF THE UNITED STATES. 37

sulcus and the posterior margin of the disk is more rounded, or some-
times subangulate. The anterior tibiae are unarmed above and the
posterior femorae are armed below on the outer carina with but four or
five spines, rarely six or seven. Supraanal plate in both sexes flat and
nonsulcate above or convex and longitudinally silicate only on the
basal fourth or less. Cerci of the male with the forks divergent, the
tips separated by a distance greater than the length of the lower
branch. Ovipositor more than twice as long as the pronotum.

Type : Locusta perspicillata Fabricius.

The distinctness of this genus from the preceding one is un-
doubted, the separating characters being ample to make easy the dif-
ferentiation of the two genera. Besides the characters enumerated
above the subgenital plate of the male is differently shaped, being
more hastate in Cyrtophyllus. The supraanal plate of the male of this
genus is also different, being about as broad as long, while in Paracyr-
tophyllus it is longer than broad.

Brunner (Mon. Pseudophylliden) considers the genus Chloroccehis
of Bates a synonym of this genus. I very much doubt the correct-
ness of this view as the insect described by Bates does not seem con-
generic with the insect typical of Cyrtophyllus.

We have four species belonging to this genus. They may be
separated by the following table :

Cerci of the male with the lower branch simple.

Lower branch of the cerci of the male with the incurving apical portion scarcely
as long as the less tapering basal portion ; the cerci between the two
branches less enlarged (Fig. 7); elytra of the female broadly rounded
apically and the posterior margin usually as convex as the costal margin

(fig- 3)-
Larger ; transverse sulci of the pronotum distinct, usually quite conspicuous ;
elytra of the female less elongate than in the alternating category.

perspicillatus.
Smaller ; transverse sulci of the pronotum less distinct, usually inconspicu-
ous ; elytra of the female distinctly more elongate than in the alternate

category elongatus .

Lower branch of the cerci of the male with the incurving apical portion as long
as the thick, uniformly tapering basal portion, the cerci between the two
branches much enlarged, forming a triangular projection (Fig. 8) ; elytra of
the female narrowly rounded apically, the posterior margin almost straight

( Fig. 2 ) inter medius .

Cerci of the male with the lower branch conspicuously forked (Fig. 9) furcatus.

38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus Fabricius (PI. I, Figs. 3, 4, 7).
Locusta perspicillata Fabr., Ent. Syst., II, 36 (1793).
Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus Burin., Handb. Ent., ii, 697 (1838).
Pterophylla concava Harr. , Encycl. Americana, viii, 42 (1835).
Cyrtophyllus zimtnermanni Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoo]., 1859, 206 (1859).
Cyrtophyllus concavus Scudd., Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1862, 272 (1862).

Considerably less robust than Paracyrtophyllus robustus. Thorax usually a little
longer than broad, sometimes quadrate, the disk transversely convex, longitudinally
flat or sometimes considerably elevated posteriorly ; the anterior margin straight, the
posterior margin rounded or subangulate ; transverse sulci, at" least the anterior one,
very distinct and well defined ; lateral carinre indicated only behind the principal
sulcus and there usually quite rounded. Elytra broad and strongly concave, of the
same structure as those of P. robustus but more elongate than those of that species,
those of the female being about two and one half times as long as broad ; wings
ample, not as long as the elytra, but considerably longer than those of P. robustus.
Supraanal plate of both sexes somewhat longer than broad, flat or nonsulcate or con-
vex and longitudinally sulcate only in the basal fourth or little more, often more dis-
tinctly so in the female, apically broadly rounded or subtruncate ; subgenital plate of
the male two or more times as long as the pronotum, the projecting portion somewhat
hastate, the two halves of the divided apex generally more or less connate ; cerci of
female round, six or seven times as long as the basal breadth and slightly curved up-
wards, the tip usually very inconspicuously notched; cerci of the male forked,
the two branches divergent and incurved, the lower branch simple, with a minute
subapical denticle on the lower side and usually a little shorter than the upper one,
the incurving apical portion not quite as long as the scarcely tapering basal portion.
Ovipositor three or more times as long as the pronotum, microscopically serrate below
near the tip, the serrations sometimes very inconspicuous, armed laterally, as in P.
robustus, with two or three short transverse subapical ridges.

Length, pronotum, male, 5.5-6; female, 5.5-6; elytra, male,
35—38; female, 37 ; posterior femora, male, 20-21.5 > female, 20-23 ;
subgenital plate, male, 12-14. 5; ovipositor, 18-20 mm.; width, pro-
notum, male, 6-6.5 3 female, 6.25-6.5 ; elytra, male, 18-21, female,
16; subgenital plate, male, 2.5-2.75 ; ovipositor, 3.25 mm.

This species extends south to South Carolina, west to Kansas and
north into Canada. I have specimens before me from Massachusetts,
New York, New Jersey, Maryland, District of Columbia, North Caro-
lina, Missouri, Kansas and Iowa.

There are a number of minor variations present in the structure
of this and the following species. The tip of the upper branch of
the cerci of the male is sometimes simply acute and sometimes with
the point subapical. The ventral subapical dentical of the lower
branch is sometimes obsolete and there is a little variation in the shape
of the elytra, of the posterior border of the pronotum and in the dis-

March, 1906.] CaUDELL : CVRTOPHYLLI OF THE UNITED STATES. 39

tinctness of the transverse sulci of the thorax. Were all these minor
points of difference considered the number of species would be unde-
sirably multiplied.

The C. zimmermanni of Saussure is placed as a synonym of this
species with considerable certainty. The posteriorly angulate pronotum
prohibits its being P. robustus and the oval elytra of the female indi-
cates its identity with perspicillatus rather than with any of the follow-
ing species. The correctness of this conclusion is also indicated by
the pronotum being described as rugose, a condition more obvious in
perspicillatus than in the other species. The habitat, however, is more
southern than common with concavus and an examination of the type
might show it to belong elsewhere. But according to the only evi-
dence available, that of the printed description, it is most appropri-
ately placed here.

Gryllus perspicillatus of Linnaeus, Amcen. Acad, vi, 398 (1763),
which has been referred here by Scudder, does not belong to this
group at all. It is, so far as I know, an unidentifiable nymph and
is referred to by Fabricius in the same work in which the insect now
under discussion was described.

C. hypericifolia Stoll, which was described from Surinam, has been
referred to the synonomy under perspicillatus, but probably errone-
ously so, as it is scarcely likely that a species from Surinam would ex-
tend into our region. However the locality may have been wrongly
given in Stoll's description, in which case his species may well be re-
ferred here, as the figure or description presents no discordant features.

This species is better known than any other member of the group
and yet comparatively little is known of it, except as regards its song.
Many writers have written accounts, poetic and otherwise, of the song
of the katydid. The number of notes are said to bear a certain rela-
tion to the temperature, as previously mentioned.

All that is known of the breeding habits of this species has been
previously discussed. Harris, Ins. Inj. to Vegetation, has described
the eggs of Microcentrum as those of this species. Riley, Missouri
Report, v, p. 123, describes the true eggs as follows :

" .25-. 30 inches long, very flat, over thrice as long as wide, pointed at each end,
with the edges beveled oft" or emarginate. They are of a dark slate-color and are
thrust into crevices and into the softer parts of bark or of stems. The lower or first
inserted end is protected by a dark adhesive substance, which hardens and sometimes
extends the whole length of one of the borders ; and several eggs are usually pressed
close to each other."

40 Journal New York Entomological Society.. [Vol. xiv.

Perspicillatus is not a rare insect in certain localities in the
vicinity of Washington. On Plnmmer's Island, Md., some miles
above the city, it is one of the many insect musicians which make a
night spent there so enjoyable. This island, the site of the club
house of the 'Washington Biological Field Club,' is one of the most
primitive regions within reach of Washington. On the island are
many large chestnut trees and in these trees live the katydids, which,
with the aid of numerous other orthopterous musicians, make the
August night one long dream of blended melody. A midsummer
night spent with congenial spirits in the club house on Plummer's
Island is a pleasant experience not easily forgotten.

Cyrtophyllus elongatus, new species.

Very closely allied to the preceding species but usually distinguishable with con-
siderable certainty by the smaller size and especially by the much more elongate
elytra of the female. The smaller size and more elongate elytra of the females give
them a decidedly more slender appearance than seen in any other species of the
group. The elytra are variable in shape, sometimes having the posterior border
nearly straight and sometimes quite as convex as the costal margin.

Length, pronotum, male, 5; female, 5-5.75; elytra, male, 33-
34; female, 32-38; posterior femora, male, 17-20 ; female, 19-20.5 ;
subgenital plate, male, 12-13. 5 ; ovipositor 16-18; width, prono-
tum, male, 5.5 ; female, 5.5-6 ; elytra, male, 18-18. 5 ; female, 13.5-
16; subgenital plate, male, 2.25-2.5; ovipositor, 3-3.5 mm.

Type number 9135 U. S. National Museum.

Four males, seven females from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Indiana
and Texas. Type male and female from Crawford and Fountain
Counties, Indiana, August. (W. S. Blatchley.)

This species, as seen from the above mentioned localities, occupies
about the same territory as the preceding species, extending however
a little further south. But perspicillatus will probably be found to
occur in the gulf states also.

Mr. D. Clemmons took a male specimen of this species on Piney
Branch, D. C. It was stridulating, and he says the notes were sharper
and more brisk than those of perspicillatus. I have found the females
at Falls Church, Virginia, in late October, where they were killed by
frost and had dropped to the ground. A female of perspicillatus was
found under similar circumstances on Plummer's Island by Mr.
H. S. Barber on October 17 of last year.

March, 1906.] CAUDELL : CyRTOPHYLLI OF THE UNITED STATES. 41

Cyrtophyllus furcatus, new species. (PI. I, fig. 9.)

Male only known. Practically indistinguishable from C. perspicillatus except
by the cerci, which are remarkably different. The lower branch is scarcely at all in-
curved apically and is without a ventral subapical dentical but is armed about the
middle on the inner side with a black-tipped branch about as long as that portion of
the cercus beyond it. The two branches are also somewhat more divergent.

Length, pronotum, 6; elytra, 37; posterior femora, 21.5; sub-
genital plate, 17; width, pronotum, 6.5; elytra, 18.5; subgenital
plate, 2.75 mm.

Type no. 9136 U. S. National Museum.

One male, West Point, Nebraska.

The very unusual structure of the cerci of this form makes it quite
unadvisable to consider it other than a valid species. The color is red-
dish brown rather than green, but this is evidently due to discolora-
tion as the same is true of some specimens of other species.
Cyrtophyllus intermedins, new species. (PI. I, figs. 2, 8.)

Somewhat allied to both perspicillatus and elongatus, to the former by the longer
posterior femorse and more nearly to the latter by the smaller size, the indistinct trans-
verse sulci of pronotum and the narrow elytra of the female. The cerci of the male
are different from those of either of the allied species, the lowei branch being shorter,
with the apical incurved portion about as long as the basal portion, which is thick
and uniformly tapering ; the cerci between the upper and lower branches is much en
larged, more so than in any other species seen, forming a triangular lobe (Fig. 8)
The elytra of the single female specimen seen are peculiar in having the posterior
margin, when the elytron is spread, nearly straight, the tip narrowly rounded ( Fig. 2)
The transverse sulci of the pronotum are shallow and obscure.

Length, pronotum, male, 5; female, 5.5; elytra, male, 34
female, 35.5; posterior femora, male, 21 ; female, 21.5; subgenita
plate, male, 13 ; ovipositor, 18 ; width, pronotum, male, 6 ; female,
6; elytra, male, 18; female, 14; subgenital plate, male, 2.25; ovi-
positor, 3.25 mm.

Type no. 9137, U. S. National Museum.

One male, Biloxi, Mississippi (Alice Tracy) ; one female, Wells-
boro, Texas (N. Banks). July 18, 1903.

This seems to be a southern species. It appears unquestionably
distinct, not being referable to either of the allied species. The
female is especially closely allied to some of the females of C. oblon-
gatus in which the anal margin of the elytra is less convex than the
costal margin. The elytra of this species must be spread to properly
exhibit the shape, the straight anal margin not being obvious when
the elytra are folded.

42 • York. Entomological Society. ;v ,:. xiv.

Genus LEA, new.
Color green with brown or yellowish tints. Form more elongate than usual in
the other United States genera. Vertex as in Cyrtophyllus but the head is narrower.
Pronotum about one and one half times as long as the middle width, twice as long as
the interior width ; lateral lobes one and one half times as long as high and meeting
the disk in a distinct angle, forming subpersistent lateral carinae, the disk somewhat
rugose and crossed by two distinct, but not conspicuous, sulci, the posterior one a
little behind the middle. Legs about as in Cyrtophyllus, all the femorse and tibiae
spined below and the middle and posterior tibiae above, the anterior ones unarmed
dorsally but, like the rest, is fiat, with acute margins. Elytra two and one half times
as long as the middle breadth, both margins equally curved, apically broadly rounded,
the anterior field with the veins regular and parallel as in Cyrtophyllus ; wings broad,
about as in Cyrtophyllus. Supraanal plate, at least of the female, slightly more than
twice as long as the middle breadth, apically narrowly rounded. Cerci of the male
furcate, the branches round and simple, parallel and subequal in length ; of female
cylindrical, apically pointed and briefly bifid, forming two minute brief branches:
subgenital plate of the male similar to that of the allied genera but is more distinctly
furcate apically, the two halves more distinctly separated. Ovipositor essentially as in
Cyrtophyllus, but curving somewhat more abruptly upwards.

Type Cyrtophyllus floridensis Beutenm.

This genus, while related to its allies, has a very distinctive ap-
pearance. The elongate pronotum with its subpersistent lateral carinae
and elongate lateral lobes and the generally more elongate form easily
distinguish it from the two allied genera. It is much more nearly
allied to Cyrtophyllus than it is to Paracyrtophyllus, as exemplified by
the shape of the wings and the dorsally unspined anterior tibiae : the
shape of the cerci of the male however, as shown in the figure, seems
to be more like that of Cyrtophyllus. All the male characters of the
above description were taken from the printed description and figure
referred to below. We have but one species :

Lea floridensis Beutenmueller. (Text fig. and PI. I, fig. 5.)

Cyrtophyllus floridensis Beutenm., Bull. American Mas. Nat. Hist., xix, 637

3 (I9°3)-

The single male, the type, is the only specimen of that sex known. It is de-
scribed by the author as follows : " Color — Head and thorax light gray, with a tinge
of green. Wing-cases green-gray. Legs greenish, basal half of femora pinkish.
Head large, stout ; eyes hemispherical, rather small. Vertex with a short spine,
rounded at the tip, grooved on top. Antennae twice as long as the body. Pronotum
longer than broad on top, with two transverse furrows ; lateral carinae rounded to the
second transverse furrow, thence rather sharply defined to the hind edge ; lateral lobes
a little narrower at the lower part than at upper ; anterior angle acutely rounded ;
hind angle well rounded. Wings concave. Wing-covers longer than the hind
wings, almost three times as long as broad, and almost of equal width ; apex

Maich, 1906.] Caudell : Cyrtophylli of the United States

43

rounded. Legs very long, spinulate. Subanal plate very long, curved upwards,
grooved above and below, furcate at the tip. Abdomen with a prominent spine on
top of the second segment. Stridulating organs similar to those of Cyrtophyllus per-
spicillalus .

Measurements. — Length of body 43 mm. Length of wing-covers,
37 mm.; width, 13 mm. Length of pronotum on top, 8 mm.
Length of anterior femora, 17 mm. ; middle femora, 15 mm. ; pos-

Lea florideiisis Reut. $. (After Beutenmuller. )

terior femora, 28 mm. Length of anterior tibia, 15 mm. ; middle
tibia, 14 mm. ; posterior tibia, 30 mm.

Habitat. — Indian River (opposite Grant), Florida.

Described from a single male taken in July. Type, coll. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.

44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

One female from Florida, undated and without specific locality, is
before me. It may be described as follows : Color green with head,
thorax, legs and part of the elytra more or less yellowish brown, the
disk of the pronotum, next the rounded subpersistent lateral carinae,
reddish : when living the insect is probably for the most part green,
at least the elytra. Pronotum straight above, roughened, the disk twice
as long as the anterior width, crossed at the anterior third by an incon-
spicuous straight sulcus and just behind the middle with a posteriorly
bowed sulcus, a little more distinct than the anterior one (Fig. 5).
Elytra equally rounded before and behind, the tip broadly rounded,
the whole two and one half times as long as broad, the veins of the
anterior field weak ; legs moderately stout.

Posterior femora armed below on the outer carinae with seven or
eight spines, and the middle ones anteriorly with five spines ; an-
terior femora armed below on the inner side only with five spines. All
the tibiae armed below with a number of spines on both margins, the
posterior and intermediate ones also armed above for nearly the entire
length, the posterior ones on both margins and the intermediate ones
only on the inner ; anterior tibiae unarmed above. Supraanal plate
thin and flat, more than twice as long as the middle width and apically
somewhat narrowly rounded. Cerci cylindrical, curving gently in-
wards and upwards, not quite extending to the tip of the supraanal
plate and apically tapering and briefly forked, forming two pointed
apical teeth ; ovipositor of the general form found in Cyrtophyllus but
curving somewhat more abruptly upwards, apically serrate below, the
serrations very fine.

Length, pronotum, 7.25 ; anterior femora, 13; hind femora, 25 ;
elytra, 34; ovipositor, 17; width, pronotum, 6; at the anterior mar-
gin, 3.25; elytra, 13.5; ovipositor, 3.25 mm.

This species is said by Mr. Beutenmueller to live in the tops of
live-oak. He says the note of the male is a continuous " Kerr-kerr-
kerr-kerr " with about one second interval of rest. It is not rare on
the subtropical strip of land dividing the mainland of eastern Florida
from the Ocean. It is not at all allied to the Cyrtophyllus crepitans
Redt., of the West Indies.

Mr. Rehn has taken a number of this species at Pablo Beach, Fla.

Explanation of Plate I.

1. Paracyrtophyllus robustus Caud. $.

2. Cyrtophyllus intermedins Caud. 9 (elytron).

March, 1906.] KELLOGG '. MALLOPHAGA FROM ARGENTINA. 45

3. Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus Fabr. o (elytron).

4. Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus Fabr. $ (head and pronotum).

5. Lea floridensis Beutenm. £ (outline of disk of pronotum from above).

6. Paracyrtophylhts robust 11s Caud. 3* (cercus, from side).

7. Cyrtophyllus perspicillatus Fabr. g (cercus, from side).

8. Cyrtophyllus intermedius Caud. J1 (cercus, from side).

9. Cyrtophyllus furcatus Caud. J1 (cercus, from side).

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order XIII, MALLOPHAGA.

MALLOPHAGA FROM ARGENTINA.

By Vernon L. Kellogg,

Stanford University, Calif.

(Plate II.)

A small lot of Mallophaga taken from birds of Argentina (South
America) was sent me in 1902 by Dr. Carlos Berg, of Buenos Aires.
In recently going over this lot I find it to consist of the following nine
species, of which seven at least are new and are described and figured
herewith.
Eurymetopus taurus Nitzsch.

Several specimens from Diomedea regia.
Goniodes sp.?

Two specimens of a large and unusual species of Goniodes, without
any host reference.
Lipeurus bergi, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 1).

Males, females and young from Guira guira (Argentina).

Description of Female. — -Body, length 2.7 mm., width .55 mm.; slender;
strongly marked with light brown regular blotches and bands.

Head, length .55 mm., width .4 mm.; elongate, conical, with rather narrow
clypeal front which is very weakly concave; {wo hairs in anterior angles and other
short ones on lateral margins near trabeculae ; trabecule colorless ; eyes prominent,
with black pigment and a prickle ; temporal margin convex, with two long hairs and
two spines ; occipital margin nearly straight, with two spines along posterior angles ;
signature transparent ; ground color pale brown ; antennae and occipital bands brown,
temporal margin dark brown, two brown spots along occipital margin between the
occipital bands.

Prothorax almost square, with posterior margin very slightly angulated on the
metathorax ; one long hair on each posterior angle ; transparent in middle, with dark

46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

brown lateral margins. Metathorax a little longer than wide, sides diverging, pos-
terior angle rounded ; posterior margin with three long pustulated hairs and one small
hair at the posterior angle. Legs large, slender, dark brown markings on the margin.

Abdomen elongate with two or three long hairs in posterior angle of each seg-
ment; segment 4 widest, segment 5 slightly narrower than 4, and segments 7 to 9
narrowing more rapidly ; segment 9 deeply angularly emarginated, the points acute,
and bearing many fine curved hairs on the inner margin ; narrow marginal dark
brown bands and two quadrangular lateral blotches on each segment, each blotch with
a clear stigmatal spot in center ; the blotches distinctly separated from each other and
from the lateral submarginal uncolored space.

Male. — Body, length 1.7 mm., width .37 mm., head, length .6 mm., width a
little over .3 mm. General color very much lighter than that in the female; first an-
tennal segment longer than second, third, fourth and fifth together ; abdomen with
parallel sides ; legs remarkably large.
Lepeurus argentinus, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 2).

Females from Plcgadis guarana (Argentina).

Description of Female. — Body, length 2.5 mm., width .33 mm. ; very elongate
and slender; parallel-sided ; color, very pale with margins of head between antennae
and sutures golden yellow .; thorax and abdomen with pale yellow markings.

Head, length .5 mm., width .36 mm. ; elongate conical, with clypeus expanded ;
one lateral hair on expanded clypeal portion, one long hair in front of the suture, one
at the suture, and two rather weak hairs between antenna and suture ; trabecular
small, transparent ; temporal margins slightly convex, with four or more short spine-
like hairs ; occipital margin nearly straight with two hairs in posterior angle ; eyes
conspicuous with black pigment ; antenna; with second segment longest, fifth next to
longest, segment 4 shortest, segments I, 3, and 4 are subequal ; clypeal signature
shield shaped, extending to front margin of head, pale brown, with distinct suture
extending from posterior angle along the median line not quite to the anterior margin
of signature ; antennal bands golden brown, distinct ; temporal margin pale yellow ;
occipital margin uncolored.

Prothorax almost square ; posterior margin nearly straight, with three spines in
posterior angles ; lateral margins pale yellow. Metathorax quadrangular, longer
than broad, slightly narrowing anteriorly ; posterior margin straight, with five long
and one short hairs in each posterior angle ; lateral margin pale yellow. Legs large,
pale yellowish markings on the margin.

Abdomen elongate ; first segment slightly narrower than thorax at articulation,
segments gradually widening to the fifth and narrowing from there to the ninth ; seg-
ments 1 to 8 with four hairs on dorsal surface near posterior margin ; segments I to 7
with one weak hair in posterior angles, segments 8 and 9 with two long and one short
hairs ; segment 9 with rounding emargination on posterior margin ; segments I to 9
with very pale narrow marginal bands, and two quadrangular pale yellow blotches
separated from each other and from lateral band by uncolored space.
Goniocotes abnormis, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 3).

Males and females from Ava chloroptera (Argentina).

Description of Female. — Body, length 1.75 mm., width .55 mm.; pale with

March, i9o6.j Kellogg : Mallophaga from Argentina. 47

dark brown markings ; temporal margin rounded instead of angulated as usual in this
genus.

Head, length .4 mm., width .47 mm. ; front narrow, rounded, with eight spines ;
antennae in shallow emargination with first segment stout and longest, second segment
almost as long as first, third, fourth and fifth subequal ; temporal margin flatly rounded
with one long hair and four prickles ; occipital margin concave in middle, with two
spines and one long hair in the posterior angle ; pale yellow with golden yellow nar-
row marginal frontal bands ending posteriorly on each side in an expanded dark brown
spot inside of antennal emargination ; mandibles and oesophageal sclerite dark brown ;
eyes flatly convex with two spines ; an irregular, brown ocular blotch behind the eyes.

Prothorax very narrow, about one half of the width of the head, almost quad-
rangular ; posterior margin flatly convex ; one long hair in posterior angle ; posterior
angles dark brown. Metathorax with blunt lateral angles, each middle of lateral
margin with one spine ; posterior angles with two hairs ; posterior margin obtusely
angled on abdomen, and bearing six long hairs. Legs rather small, pale ; claws pale
brown.

Abdomen elongate elliptical, segments I to 4 with one short hair in posterior
angles, segments 5 to 8 with two long hairs in posterior angles ; dorsal surface with
four long hairs in transverse series on each segment near posterior margin ; ground
color whitish with distinct narrow lateral bands, darkest on anterior segments, distinct
transverse blotches, each, with a clear stigmatal spot in center, in segment 1 to 7 are
separated by a transparent white median space ; segment 8 wholly colored, segment
9 with very weak rounding emargination on posterior margin.

Male. — Body, length 1.3 mm., width .5 mm. ; head, length .33 mm., width
.43 mm, first antennal segment very large ; abdomen broadest at segment 5 ; elongate-
oval ; segments 1 to 7 with entire transversal abdominal bands, segments 8 and 9
wholly colored ; genitalia distinct, barely chitinized, dark brown in color.
Colpocephalum guiratnsis, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 4).

Males and females from Guira guira (Argentina) .

Description of Female. — Body, length 2.7 mm., width I mm. ; pale yellow with
brown border on the thorax ; prothorax small.

Head, length .41 mm., width .73 mm., semilunar with flatly-rounded front,
shallow ocular emarginations, and rounded posterior angles ; occipital margin con-
cave ; palpi projecting by the length of the last segment, the antennae when out-
stretched also projecting beyond the margin of head by the length of the last seg-
ment ; two pairs of spines in the middle of front, one short hair on side followed by
two long ones ; the ocular fringe composed of many short prominent hairs ; temporal
margin with three long and about half a dozen short hairs ; occipital margin concave,
bare ; a small, black ocular fleck ; the mandibles black-tipped.

Prothorax small, shorter than broad, lateral angles obtuse, produced, and with a
long hair and spines ; on rounded posterior margin a row of long hairs ; color pale
brown with brown lateral borders. Metathorax, sides with many short spines ; pos-
terior angles with two strong hairs ; posterior margin with a row of spiny hairs, an-
terior angles brown. Legs, large and concolorous with body.

Abdomen broadly elliptical, one long hair and several spines in each posterior
angle, and a series of many short hairs along posterior margin of each segment ; color

48 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

paler at sutures ; ninth segment broadly rounded behind with narrow transparent
margin thickly set with a fringe of short, sharp-pointed transparent hairs.

Male. — Body, length 2.5 mm., width .9 mm. : head, length .4 mm., width .73
mm.; abdomen narrower than female; genitalia distinct, projecting chitin bar
reaching second segment.
Colpocephalum burmeisteri, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 5).

Males and females from Ava chloroftera (Argentina).

Description of Female. Body, length 2.2 mm., width 1.3 mm.; slender; well
marked with entire transversal abdominal blotches with wide, whitish intersegmental
spaces and dark brown, narrow lateral bands.

Head, length .33 mm., width .55 mm.; front flatly rounded, with slight rect-
angular orbital emargination ; about five short hairs on each lateral margin of fore-
head and two long and three longish hairs in region just in front of orbital emargina-
tion ; the palpi projecting as also the antenna; ; temples narrow, two long hairs and
at least four short hairs ; occipital margin concave ; general color yellowish brown,
with narrow blackish occipital border and blackish curving ocular blotches.

I'rothorax rather small, wider than long ; lateral angles obtuse with three spines ;
posterior margin, from angle to angle, making a flattened semicircle and bearing eight
hairs ; general color yellowish brown, regions of lateral angles distinctly darker,
transverse chitin band transparent, narrow, with a spine rising from each extremity ;
curving chitin bands at extremities of the transversal bar distinct, narrow. Meta-
thorax with nearly straight posterior margin, and a series of hairs along the margin ;
lateral margins with six spines ; posterior angles with two hairs and three spines ;
lateral margin with several spines. Legs rather large with marginal markings.

Abdomen long, slender, widest at segments 2 and 3 ; segments I to 6 with a
long hair in the posterior angle, segments 7 to 9 with two or three long hairs ; dorsal
surface of each segment with a transverse thickset row of uncolored hairs near the
posterior margin ; all segments with distinct dark brown lateral margin.

Malt'. — Body, length 1. 9 mm., width .55 mm.; head, length .33 mm., width
.5 mm.; posterior end of last abdominal segment flatly rounded ; genitalia distinct,
the long chitin bar extending to the third abdominal segment.

Laemobothrium caracaraensis, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 6).

Males and females from a Caracara eagle, Polyborus tharos
(Argentina).

Description of Female. — Body, length 6.5 mm., width 2 mm. ; strong and dis-
tinct lateral margins and paired median dark brown blotches on abdomen ; a finely
marked species.

Head, length 1. 13 mm., width 1.2 mm., ocular emargination very prominent,
front straight ; each side of the middle with two long and three short marginal hairs :
two strong hairs at the angle ; two terminal segments of the palpi projecting beyond
lateral margin of the front ; temporal margin slightly angulated ; eyes double, con-
spicuous ; mandibles brown, with teeth dark brown ; distinct dark brown band along
posterior and lateral margins.

Prothorax, with distinct lateral angles, in apex of which two long hairs and three
spines ; two more long hairs and many spines along posterior lateral margins ; ground

March, 1906.] KELLOGG '. MALLOPHAGA FROM ARGENTINA. 49

color pale with dark brown margin and darkish-brown longitudinal blotches separated
from each other by a narrow uncolored space. Metathorax longer than wide, lateral
margin with many spine-like hairs ; a transverse row of pustulated hairs near poste-
rior margin ; lateral margin dark brown, two subtriangular blotches separated from
each other by a narrow median uncolored line ; anterior corners black -brown. Legs
very large, distinctly marked.

Abdomen, large, lanceolate in form, one or two long hairs on the postero-lateral
angles of each segment ; and short hairs along lateral margins ; a row of postulated
hairs on the posterior margin of each segment ; marginal bands dark chestnut brown
and two quadrangular blotches narrowly but distinctly separated from each other and
more widely from the lateral bands by uncolored space ; posterior margin of the last
abdominal segment pointed.

Male. — Body, length 5.5 mm., width 1. 5 mm. ; head, length I mm., width 1. 05
mm. ; abdomen slenderer than in the female, last segment parabolic in form with sev-
eral weak hairs along the margin ; clear space down the median line separating the
abdominal blotches, not so distinct as in the female, and wanting in the last three
segments.
Menopon argentinus, new species (PI. ii, Fig. 7).

Females from Chrysomitris icterica (Argentina).

Description of Female. — Body, length 1.2 mm., width .43 mm. ; pale yellow,
head and thorax slightly darker ; abdomen with pale brown transverse blotches.

Head, length .27 mm., width .35 mm. ; semilunar with evenly rounding front,
shallow ocular emarginations with rounded posterior angle; occipital margin concave ;
palpi projecting by the length of the last segment ; a pair of minute hairs in middle of
front, a longer one on side followed by a very short one, and then three long ones in
front of the emargination ; the ocular fringe composed of rather strong hairs ; temporal
margin with three long hairs, two more on occipital margin of the produced temples ;
two long hairs along middle of the occipital margin ; a small, black, ocular fleck and
dark brown ocular blotch.

Prothorax subquadrangular, posterior margin convex with six longish hairs, and
three spines along middle of the lateral margin ; latero- posterior corners angulated.
Meso- and metathorax fused, although the line of fusion is marked by a lateral
emargination and by an indicated transverse suture ; posterior angle with one long
hair and three spines ; the straight posterior margin with four marginal hairs. Legs
stout, with dark brown marginal markings.

Abdomen obovate in form, widening posteriorly to segment 3 ; segment 4 a little
narrower than segment 3, and segment 5 and 9 narrowing more rapidly ; segments I
to 7 with two or three long spines on lateral margin ; with pale brown lateral bands
and very pale transverse blotches.

Explanation of Plate II.

Fig. 1. Lipeicnts bergi Kell.

Fig. 2. Lipeurus argentinus Kell.

Fig. 3. Goniocotes abnormis Kell.

FlG. 4. Colpocephalum guiransis Kell.

Fig. 5- Colpocephalttm bnrmeisteri Kell.

Fig. 6. L&mobothrium caracarmnsis Kell.

Fig. 7. Menopon argentinus Kell.

JOUR NAL

OF THE

|§Uiu ^arfe Entomological Society*

Edited by Harrison G. Dvar.

Publishes articles relating to any class of the subkingdom Arlhropoda, subject
to the acceptance of the Publication Committee. Original communications in this
field are solicited.

Editorial.
Our criticism of a work by Dr. Henry Skinner (Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, xiii, 217, 1905) has brought a rather hysterical reply (Ent.
News, xvi, 217, 1905), which we should not notice, except that it
attempts a misrepresentation of our Review of the Hesperiidoe (Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, in, 1905). Dr. Skinner cites two errors.
We presume that he is right in both cases ; the mistakes can be easily
corrected by transferring manataaqua to Thymelicus and proposing a
new name for Atrytone Dyar (not Scudder). This does not bear at
all upon the question of generic classification, which is the real issue.
Dr. Skinner claims to have studied the genera. We fail to see any
evidence of it in his remarks, which are actuated only by a considera-
tion of specific values. When Dr. Skinner gives us some original
work based on structural characters, we shall begin to believe that his
study of genera has been more than an opinionated attempt to dis-
credit them.

To refer to Mr. Prout's remarks in our last issue, advocating the
"historical method," or rule of the first reviser in the fixation of
generic types, we presume the weakest point in his argument is shown
by the phrase "given the literature." The trouble is that the litera-
ture is not given. President David Starr Jordan (Scie?ice, n. s., xxii,

50

March, igo6.j EDITORIAL.

51

598, 1905) finds further objection to the first reviser rule. He says :
"The objection to it is that no one has yet defined the first reviser so
as to separate his rights from the rights of different meddlers." Mr.
Prout would except faunal lists; but why except anything? The
only way to have any definiteness is to include the "meddlers" on
the same basis as the "reviser" and take as type the one first men-
tioned by anybody. This would involve even more of what President
Jordan call's " otherwise profitless labor in bibliography " than follow-
ing the first reviser, for it would mean the examination of all literature
for some stray mention of a genus and typical species. No doubt this
is asking too much ; we fear there is no fixity or uniformity in the
" historical method." Lord Walsingham, we believe, has expressed
the opinion that a writer should know the literature of his subject.
If there were any way of knowing that this desirable condition had
been attained, we should cordially endorse the view ; but even the
best posted author is liable to discover accidentally some overlooked
reference that may vitiate his carefully constructed historical system.
He is always in a position of uncertainty.

We return to the method of first species as the only one promising
fixity. President Jordan says: "The method of beginning with a
leading species or chef de file as typical representative of each genus,
to be described in full while the others were disposed of in compara-
tive sentences, was adopted by Lacapede, Cuvier, Valenciennes, Poey
and other authors. In Ichythology this has given reason for the choice
of the type of the genus by page precedence. This method was raised
to the dignity of a universal rule by Dr. Bleeker and others. It is a
pity it was not adopted earlier, for it would have given fixity, a matter
which in nomenclature far outweighs all others." The objections to
the method are, we believe, two. The first is that it would change
many of the names now in use ; the second that Linnaeus and others
usually placed their typical species in the middle of the series and the
less known or aberrant ones at the ends. To obviate these we suggest
that in the case of Linnaeus and other authors definitely known to have
used his method, the central species be taken instead of the first.
These authors would have to be enumerated in the rule and all others
held to the first species as type. But unfortunately, a glance over
Linnaeus' tenth edition shows that this would be no solution of the
problem, for taking the middle species as type is not more in conson-
ance with modern ideas than taking the first. In fact, in the Coleop-

52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiy-

tera, to take the first species uniformly as type would cause consider-
ably less change in the present classification than to take the middle
species. In the Lepidoptera, either course would cause a very radical
change, about equal in either case. It has been proposed to cite as
type of the Linnsean genera the common European species included
under each. This is objectionable, because it is not capable of general
application, as there are some groups without any common European
species and others with two or more.

We are reduced therefore to squarely favor the first species method.
Let us make what changes this requires now, which are perhaps not so
many, and have the names finally settled on a permanent basis.

BOOK NOTICES.

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as Applied to Medi-
cine. By Ch. Wardell Stiles. Bulletin No. 24 of the Hygienic
Laboratory, Treasury Department, Public Health and Marine-
Hospital Service of the United States. Washington: Government
Printing Office. 1905.

This very important paper presents the international code in
available form with explanatory comment by the author, who is well
qualified to explain the code, being the secretary of the permanent
committee of the International Zoological Congress. There are 36
articles and a valuable appendix giving rules for the transcription of
Greek words and geographic names to be in Latin form. These rules
would be more valuable if there were any obligation in the code itself
to respect them, which there is not. Unfortunately the code does not
embody the recommendations which we have urged in editorial com-
ment in this Journal and in an article with Mr. Caudell on the types
of genera (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XII, 120, 1904). We object to
articles 4, 5, 14, 25 and 30.

Articles 4 and 5 do not go far enough. They state how the
family name shall be formed, but do not tell us how to select the type
genus. Is it to be the oldest one, or the one first selected historically?
When changed, why should the name not go to the next oldest one
(as advocated by us), or to the one next used for family type his-
torically, rather than to the substituted name (as advocated by
article 5) ?

Article 14 states that specific names in adjective form must agree

March, 1906.] BOOK NOTICES. 53

in gender with the generic name. We object to this. It is perhaps
easy to determine the gender of the old classical Latin names, but not
so those of Latinized Greek or barbarous generic names. Of these
there are already more than the pure Latin names, and we shall have
an increasingly larger proportion in the future. We regard it as far
simpler to write the specific name exactly as first proposed.

We would note that by article 25 the definition of a genus by cita-
tion of type, without description, seems accepted, the rule stating that
a name must be published, accompanied by an indication or a defini-
tion or a description. But, as this applies also to specific names, we
object, on the ground that an " indication " is not a sufficient specific
description.

Article 30 tells us how to determine the types of genera. This is
the most complicated set of recommendations we have seen. Both
the methods of elimination are endorsed, although it has been shown
that they are contradictory in their results, while the method of first
species is not even mentioned. We defy any two workers to arrive at
the same type for any complicated genus by using these rules and
working independently. If the recommendations and the discussion
be cut off, the rule itself is simple enough, being the plain historical
method advocated in these pages by Prout. The discussion here only
confuses an originally simple proposition ; but it serves to show into
what shape an apparently simple proposition can be twisted, and is a
valuable exposition, we should say, of what not to do.

With these exceptions we find this presentation of this most recent
code to be excellent. We infer that the publication is generally
available from the statement that it will be sent to " nonpublishing
societies and individuals in case sufficient reason can be shown why
such societies or individuals should receive it," which statement we
find on the cover. Application should be made to the Surgeon Gen-
eral, U. S. Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, Washington,
D. C.

Monograph of the Bombycine Moths of North America, including their
transformations and origin of the larval markings and armature.
Part II. Family Ceratocampid.e:, Subfamily Ceratocampin.e.
By Alpheus Spring Packard. Memoirs of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences, vol. ix, pp. 1-149, plates I-LXI. 1905.
This valuable "work gives, in a wealth of detail, the life histories of

54 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

our Ceratocampids, together with some South American forms. The
work has been completed after Dr. Packard's death, which perhaps
accounts for a certain disjointed air and for sundry strange statements,
such as one we find in the explanation of plates, where a figure pur-
ports to represent the " newly hatched larva in stage V." Dr. Pack-
ard has gone extensively into the phylogeny and relationships of the
group, and has arrived in many respects at sound results. We find
ourselves more in accord with his views than we had anticipated would
be the case. We cannot, however, be expected to acquiesce in the
impossible derivation of the Citheroniidae from the Notodontidre
which is set forth. Likewise we dissent from the relationship claimed
for the Sphingidae. Dr. Packard emotes and confirms our statements
as to the differences in structure of these groups, yet fails to draw the
necessary conclusion that they are unrelated. A full life history of
the Sphingid Ceratomia amyntor is given. Some new species are de-
scribed, which must be verified, as we believe Dr. Packard was pos-
sessed of but slender South American material. We particularly com-
mend the many beautiful plates drawn by Mr. L. H. Joutel and those
photographed by Mr. A. H. Verrill, although, by some misfortune,
all the larvae are represented as resting on the branch above, a position
that no living larva of this size does, or could possibly maintain. It
is with the greatest regret that we realize this to be the last of the
Bombycid monographs, as the learned author has passed from among us.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of February 21, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History.

President C. II. Roberts presided with eight members and three visitors present.

Mr. Barber proposed Mr. Edgar L. Dickerson of Newark, N. J. as an active
member of the society.

On motions the by-laws were suspended and the secretary instructed to cast a
single ballot in favor of the election of Mr. Dickerson at the present meeting.

The resignations of Mr. G. A. Billings and C. T. Brues as active members were
accepted by the society with regrets.

< >n motion <>{ Mr. Davis the secretary was requested to address letters of sympathy
to Mrs. A. S. Packard and Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson on behalf of the society.

The librarian, Mr. Shaeffer reported the receipt of the following exchanges :

Verhandl. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Gesellschaft, LIV, Nos. 8 and 9.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XLIII, No. 177.

March, 1906J PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 55

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. , XL, No. 10.

Relatorio du Directoria Soc. Sci. de S. Paolo.

Proc. Canad. Inst., N. S., Vol. II., No. 12, Pt. 6.

Springfield Mus., Nat. Hist., Bull. No. 1.

Canad. Ent., XXXVII, Nos. 1 and 2.

Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, Nos. 8, 9 and 10.

Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., Vol. IX.

Stett. Ent. Zeit, Vol. 65, Hft. 2.

Mr. Eeng spoke of " Collecting on Mt. Whiteface in the Adirondacks." He
gave an account, of his collecting experiences, with a general description of the local-
ity, and named some of the more conspicuous species of Coleoptera taken, among
which were : Cychrits brevoorti, C. canadensis, C. leonardi, Ptercrsiichus puncta-
tissimus. P. luezatii, P. mandibularis, Trechus chalybcetis and Platynus ^.-ptmc-
tatus. All of the insects taken near the summit were distinctly northern species,
otherwise known from Hudson Bay and British America.

Mr. Bueno read a paper on the genus Notonecta, stating that of the twenty de-
scribed species, twelve are peculiarly American and the thirteenth extends entirely
across the palearctic region through Europe, Asia and in North America down
through British Columbia. Eleven of these thirteen species are to be found within
the United States. He discussed the structural and color peculiarities of these eleven
species as well as their habitat.

Meeting of March 21, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in
the chair, with twelve members in attendance.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following exchanges :

Entomol. Tidskrift, 1904, Vol. XXV, Nos. 1-4.

Allgem. Zeits. f. Entom., Vol. IX, Nos. 23 and 24.

North Carolina Dept. of Agric. Div. of Ent. Circulars, Nos. 13 and 14.

Zeits. f. Wissenschaft. Insectenbiologie, Vol. I, Nos. I and 2.

Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Sci. Bull., Vol. I, No. 4.

Z06I. Record, 1903. Insecta by Dr. Sharp.

Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXIV, Nos. I and 2.

Canad. Ent., XXXVII, No. 3.

President's Report of the Univ. of Montana for 1903 and 1904.

The secretary reported that the New York Academy of Sciences had granted
permission to the society to place suitable book cases in their meeting room.

The secretary read a communication from Dr. J. B. Smith, requesting the society
to cooperate in organizing a National Entomological Society, and to elect a delegate
to represent its interests.

Mr. C. Schaeffer was elected as such a delegate.

The resignation of Mr. E. A. Bremser as an active member was accepted with
regret.

The society had the pleasure of listening to a very instructive lecture by Dr. E.
P. Felt on the "Structure of the Culicida;," illustrated by numerous interesting lan-
tern slides.

56 Journal New York Entomological Society.

Meeting of April iS, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. II. Roberts in
the chair with nine members present.

Mr. Leng read a paper on " Collecting in the Pine Woods of North Carolina."
He and Mr. Harris arrived at Southern Pines, N. C, on the 25th of March and col-
lected in that vicinity for three days. In his description of the country Mr. Peng
stated that it was much like Lakehurst, N. J., but not so flat. The weather was warm
and the fruit trees were all in full bloom. Butterflies and cicindelas were flying
plentifully. A striking feature of the landscape was the peculiar long-leaved pine
with its great bunches of mistletoe. Most of the tiger beetles noticed belonged to
three species: unicolor, vulgaris and repanda, which were evidently hibernating
specimens judging from their condition. Mr. Peng exhibited the collection which
was made on the trip.

Mr. Schaeffer stated that because of the great activity of the coleopterists, new
and additional material is being secured which helps to clear up doubts, correct mis-
takes, and also in many instances overthrows even recent synopses of genera or fam-
ilies. As an illustration he exhibited eight or nine speciesof Anomala which had
been found in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas which are new to our fauna ; some of
them known Mexican species and three entirely new, bringing the number of species
up to twenty. He further remarked that luteipennis of Leconte was in his opinion
attributed to the wrong insect as the " pygidio parcius, sat grasse punctato " does not
fit the pale specimens of binotata from Texas and Arizona, but those specimens of
flavipennis, which are metallic green and have the elytra testaceous, occurring in
Texas, agree much better with the description. The pale form of binotata, regarded
by Dr. Horn and others as luteipennis, and revived by Major Casey and Dr. Ohaus
to specific standing, he thinks, as did Dr. Horn, that it is impossible in a moderately
large series to retain it even as a variety. The type of innuka of Fabricius, of which
Dr. Horn was in doubt, as well as Burmeister's type of minuta, were examined by
Dr. Ohaus, and the good description of both given by the latter enabled Mr.
Schaeffer to correctly identify both species, and that what we have called minuta is
vnnuka : the true minuta belongs to the subgenus Rhomhonyx and are, in his
opinion, undoubtedly those darker forms of semilivida mentioned by Dr. Horn in his
paper.

H. G. Barber,

Secretary.

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. m., in the American Museum of
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, $3.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers for the Year 1906.

President, C. II. ROBERTS. . . . 10 Washington PL, New York.

Vice-President, CHAS. W. LENG ys Murray Street, New York.

Treasurer, WM. T. DAVIS . . .46 Stuyvesant Place. New Brighton,

Staten Island, N. Y.

Rec. Secretary, ] Q BARB£R 231 West 135th Street, New York.

Cor. Secretary, j

Librarian, C SCHAEFFER, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn N. Y.

E XE CUTI VE CO MMI ETE E .

E. B. Southwick, L. H. Jot 111. C. F. Groth;

F. E. Watson, G. Beyer. »

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
Harrison G. Dyar, C. Schaeffkk, C. W. Len'g,

E. G. Love.

A UDITING COMMITTEE.

E. D. Harris, E B. Southwick, J. R. de la Torre Bueno.

FIELD COMMITTEE

Wm. T. Davis, Geo. P. Engelhakm.

DELEGATES TO THE SCIENTIFIC ALLIANCE.

C. F. Groth, W. M. Wheeler, C. H. Roberts.

Price List of Entomological Publications

For Sale by the New York Entom.frgical Society.

Linell, Martin L,. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North
America. 5 pp. 15c.

Casey, Thos. L. Studies in Ptinidae, Cioidae, and Sphindidge of
America. 32 pp 75c.

A revision of the North American Coccinellidae. 98 pp. $1.50.
Review of the American Corylophidse, Cryptophagidse, Trito-
raidae and Dermestidae, with other studies.

(Cuts) 121 pp. $2.00.

Fall, H. C. Synopsis of the species of Acmasodera of America,
north of Mexico. 36 pp. 90c.

Fall, H. C. On the affinities of the genus Tachyeellus with de-
scriptions of new species. 10 pp. 20c.

Leng, Charles W. Notes on Coccinellidae, I, II.

31 pp., 3 pi. $1.00.

Schaeffer, C. Synopsis of the Species of Trechus, with descrip-
tion of a new species. 4 pp., 1 pi. 20c.

Wickham, H. F. The North American species of Catalpa.

4 PP- 15c

Fox, William J. Synopsis of the species of Nysson, inhabiting
America north of Mexico. 7 pp. 20c.

CoouiLLETT, D. W. Synopsis of the dipterous genus Symphono-
myia. 4 pp. 10c.

Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae. 6 pp. 15c.

Neumoegen and Dyar. A preliminary revision of the Bombyces
of America north of Mexico. $i-50-

Dyar, Harrison G. A review of the North American species of
Pronuba and Prodoxus. 3 pp. 10c.

A revision of the Hesperiidae of the United States. 32 pp. 60c.

Dyar, Harrison G. Synoptic table of North American mosquito
larvae. 5 pp. 10c.

Kearfott, W. D. Revision of the North American species of the
genus Choreutis. 20 pp. 50c.

Caudell, A. N. The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville.

11 pp., 1 pi. 35c.

Bueno, J. T. de la T. The Genus Notonecta in America North of
Mexico. 24 pp., 1 pi. 60c.

The above papers will be sent on receipt of price by

CHRRliES SCHAEFFER,

Librarian New York Entomological Society,

Brooklyn Cfiuseum, Eastern Parkouay,

B^OOKlJtVN, H V.

TW-

Vol. XIV.

No. 2.

JOU RNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

H)evoteo to JEutomoloav in General.

JUNE, 1906.

Edited by Harrison G. Dvak.

Publication Coiinuitter.
Harrison G. Dyar. Charles \V. Leng.

Charles SchAefeeR.

E. G. Lovb

Published Quarterly by trie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1906

[Entered April 21, 1904, at La caster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16,1894-]

CONTENTS.

Class Hexapoda, Order DIPTERA
Goeldi's " Os Mosquitos no Para." By Frederick Knab 57

Class Hexapoda, Order LEPIDOPTERA.
The North American Nymphulinae and Scopariinae. By Harrison G. Dvar . . 77
Descriptions of four new North American Moth«. By Harrison G. Dyar . . 107

Book Notices 109

Proceedings of the Society 112

JOURNAL.

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa , and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, U. S. National Mu-
seum, Washington, D. C; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, VVm. T. Davis,
46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Stateu Is., New York, and all books
and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per year, strictly in ad-
vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger number
be desired they will be supplied at cost provided notice is sent to the
Editor befo e the page proof has been corrected.

JOURNAL

TOffo Jfjorh Qntomologiral %m\tty.

Vol. XIV. JUNE, 1906. No. 2

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order IV, DIPTERA.

GOELDI'S "OS MOSQUITOS NO PARA.''

By Frederick Knab,
Washington, D. C.

This handsome quarto by Dr. Emilio Augusto Goeldi, published as
Memoir IV of the Museu Goeldi (Para Museum), deals with the mos-
quitoes of Para (Brazil). The species treated of are chiefly those
that molest man, their biology and relation to hygiene and a large
part of the work is devoted to Stegomyia fasciata and Culex fatigans,
preeminently the town mosquitoes of the tropics. The 154 pages
are replete with interesting data and suggestive ideas. The author
throughout, is careful to distinguish between fact and theory, so
that the volume is a highly inspiring one to students of this subject.
The text is in Portuguese, unfortunately made difficult for those not
proficient in the language, by a rich and picturesque literary style,
which aims to be popular as well as scientific, and must certainly make
it attractive to Brazilian readers. There are fifteen plates, with nu-
merous figures, illustrating the life histories of the various species, and
five very fine color plates figuring the imagos of fourteen species, in
most cases of both sexes.

In this work are brought together the observations published under
the same title in two previous bulletins (1902, 1904), augmented by
a great deal of new matter, and detailed accounts of the early stages
of most of the species considered, and in the fourth chapter is appended
the paper on Stegomyia fasciata read before the International Congress
of Zoologists at Bern in August, 1904, and now translated from the

57

~iS Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv

(lerraan into Portuguese. The book is divided into the following
chapters : I, The mosquitoes of Para considered as a public calamity ;

II, Review of results of experiments made in 1903, particularly with
Stegomyia fasciata and Culex fatigans, from the sanitary point of view ;

III, Biological details ; IV, Stegomyia fasciata, the transmitting mos-
quito of yellow fever and the actual state of knowledge relative to the
cause of the disease. The author did not, however, bring all his data
together under their respective headings, which is troublesome to the
reader, but perhaps inevitable with such wealth of material.

The first chapter opens with an introduction to the Culicidae,
definition of some of the more important genera and data on the dis-
tribution of species culled from Theobald's Monograph. The author
then turns to the species of Para. Of the 42 species recorded from
Brazil, 18 have been found at Para, 17 of them by the author; five
of these are new. This seems a very small showing for so favorable
a locality ; but this is perhaps due to the fact that the author has given
most of his attention to the biologic and economic part of the subject.
I will only mention in comparison that more than 50 species of mos-
quitoes are known from the Island of Trinidad, and indications are
that it is by no means exhausted. The genera known from Para are
Anopheles, Megarhinus, Psorophora, Janthinosoma, Stegomyia, Culex,
Tceniorhynchus, Sabethes, Hicmagogus, Wyeomyia, Limatus and Tri-
choprosopon. A number of these genera are not treated in the present
work, but the author promises an account of them in a future paper.
Then follow short notes on some of the species. Megarhinus separatus
is not rare in the vicinity of the city. It is strictly a forest mosquito
and diurnal. Its bite is reputed to be painful, but the author has not
yet been able to verify this from personal experience. Jauthinosotna,
of which the author has taken J. musica, is dismissed, as, in the au-
thor's experience, of no faunistic importance. This seems remark-
able, as elsewhere in tropical America Janthinosoma is one of the
most conspicuous forms. In connection with Stegomyia fasciata its
excessive abundance in the city, its diurnal habits and severe bite are
noted. In the reviewer's experience the bite of Stegomyia can hardly
be called severe : indeed the bite is often hardly noticeable, and this,
together with its stealthy habits, the more easily make it the transmit-
ter of the dread yellow fever. Culex fatigans is spoken of as a hor-
rible nocturnal scourge in certain parts of the city. Tcenior/iyuchus
is crepuscular, invades the dining room, flies onto the table and into

June, 1906.] KNAB : GOELDl's " OS MoSQUITOS NO PARA." 59

the plates. It alights leisurely and without ceremony upon the face
and hands, and then bites painfully. It is of such a voracious disposi-
tion that it can easily be crushed without its attempting to escape.
Of the beautiful Sabeihes, with metallic colors and plumed tibia?, three
species occur. They are diurnal forest mosquitoes and are sometimes
common enough to become troublesome. They bite ferociously and
leave a relatively intense inflammation, evidently due to the large dose
of poison injected.

Of especial interest is the figure on Plate V, showing the attitude of
Sabethes longipes in flight. The position of the hind legs, raised over
the back and bent well forward, is characteristic of the entire subfam-
ily Sabethinoz — at least it holds good for the species of a number of
genera that the reviewer has had opportunity to observe in nature.
Those who have seen living specimens of Wyeomyia smithii, the only
known representative of the group in the United States, will recall this
very striking attitude, which has been described by Dr. J. B. Smith
on p. 343 of his Report on the Mosquitoes of New Jersey (1904).

Turning now more particularly to the economic aspect of his sub-
ject, the writer states that four species are the most important in Para,
not only as physical torturers and destroyers of peace, but as a menace
to health. Three of these have taken a firm footing within the city in
the last few years and relieve each other in their daily attacks inside
the house, greatly injuring the credit and reputation of Para as a
habitable tropical city. The fourth species holds the outskirts and
vicinity and constantly threatens human existence in the swampy
regions of the interior. Branded by modern science as the vehicle
and transmitter of malarial fevers it constitutes a serious obstacle to the
progress of the country and is directly guilty of serious injury to public
prosperity. The mosquito last alluded to is Anopheles represented by
A. albipes. The fearful abundance of this species at Macapa and in
the region bordering Guiana, and coincident with this an epidemic
of malaria, was observed upon two museum expeditions. The author
convinced himself of the correctness of the popular statement that
this mosquito has a strong predilection for forests of siriiiba (Avicen-
nia), and so numerous are they there that, even in passing through such
woods in the daytime, the face and hands soon become black with them.

The second of the four above-mentioned important species is
Stegomyia fasciata. The description of the insect, with an account of
its distribution and its role in yellow fever, is followed by observations

60 Journaf. New York Entomological Societv. [Vol. xiv.

upon the species in Para. It is excessively abundant in houses and
hovers over persons' heads in troops of four to ten or more. It bites
from sunrise until evening and a person is bitten at least 50 or 100
times a day. Seeking out any uncovered part it inflicts its painful
bite which afterward swells. There is not a minute of rest from day-
break to nightfall ; it is impossible to defend oneself against them
and soon face, neck, hands and legs are covered with burning swollen
points. The author exclaims, " I do not know of another factor in
this city so hurtful and actually pernicious to intellectual work, to
scientific study and investigation in the quiet of the cabinet and
laboratory as this execrable creature which is called Stegomyia fas-
datal" Culex fatigans follows in importance and insupportability
as a nocturnal complement to the diurnal Stegomyia. Surprising, but
perhaps after all not far from the truth, is the author's statement that
he considers the nocturnal habit exceptional and that the majority of
mosquitoes are diurnal. According to Dr. Lutz, Culex fatigans is the
common nocturnal mosquito throughout Brazil, found everywhere and
biting only at night. At Para the abundance of this mosquito is simply
astonishing ; in the suburb of Nazareth it assaults the houses in clouds
during the first hours of the night and fairly throws itself against the
person. The hum of myriads of these mosquitoes, flying and in court-
ship, in a dark room is enough to make one's hair stand on end. " I
am apprehensive each time I hear this odious music, when I think of
the sad consequences to health, of which, in my firm conviction, it is
the fatal precursor and messenger!" The writer here alludes to
Culex fatigans as the transmitter of filariasis. While it is mostly
the black race and its crosses that is persecuted by this disease there is
great danger to everybody at Para where black and white sleep with-
out mosquito-bars in the same rooms, infested with this mosquito.

The fourth of the above-denounced mosquitoes is Tccniorhynchus
fasciolaius. While the author agrees with Dr. Lutz that this is a
genuine swamp mosquito he adds that at Pani it enters the houses at
twilight. Its bite is painful and it has a voracious disposition, yet it is
ingenuous and phlegmatic, if not to say entirely stupid. The speci-
mens observed at Para differ from the colored figure in Theobald's
work by their darker color, a circumstance which has already been
noted by that author.

The biology of mosquitoes is next treated in a popular way and
the differences in the early stages of Culex, Stegomyia and Anopheles

June, 1906.I KNAB : GOELDl'S " OS MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 61

pointed out. A count of the eggs in two egg-boats of Culex fatigans
gave respectively 270 and 225 eggs.

There is an interesting observation on the difference in food habits
of the two sexes. Outdoors the males feed on ripe fruits and flowers ;
in the house they go to sugar, coffee, tea, wine, soups and all sweet
substances, and abstain from sucking blood. The females are blood-
suckers and the difference in food habits is brought out in the follow-
ing experiments. In the first experiment mosquitoes were observed
swarming about the sugar bowl. It was quickly covered with a paper
cone and the mosquitoes within chloroformed. There were 37 dead
mosquitoes — 1 $, 1 Q Stegomyia fasciaia, and 33 $, 2 Q Culex
fatigans. This experiment was repeated a number of times with only
a slight variation in the percentage of the sexes. This was in the
dining room, the second contrasting experience in the bed-room. Far
in the night the author noticed that outside of a certain part the mos-
quito-bar, close to his face, the mosquitoes were dancing up and
down in a manifest endeavor to find a hole that would admit them.
With a sudden slap of the hand a number of them were crushed against
the wall. Examination showed that there were 23 dead Culex fati-
gans— all females. And thus, in the bed rooms, there always proved
to be an enormous majority of females in quest of blood, to the ex-
clusion of the males.

An explanation of the blood-sucking habit is offered, as follows :
Few readers, particularly in the tropics, have not had an opportunity
to observe how any scratch or wound on exposed parts of the body is
persecuted by a multitude of small flies and related insects which come
to sip the blood-serum, a slightly sweetish substance. One also knows
how, during dry periods, the margins of the eyes, for example in the
large mammals, are persecuted by the same impertinent Diptera, at-
tracted by the "aqueous humor" with which the eye-ball is moist-
ened. Now all these small Diptera, in common with ordinary-sized
one (Stomoxys, etc. ) and other large ones like the Tabanids, indicate
the path gone over by the hsemaphiles. The Culicids, primitively
only sucking sweet juices, became acquainted with animal blood
through the blood-serum of wounds. The males contented them-
selves with this, the females reached the point of intentionally perfor-
ating the skin to gain possession of the desired liquid. Seconded in
this mission by a stouter beak better fitted for piercing than in the
male, and thus taking advantage of the liquid so easily obtained to

62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

gain strength for the demands of egg-production, a disposition to this
proceeding would become a habit and normal, and finally an indispen-
sable postulate. The sucking of blood, acquired accidentally as a
secondary habit, becomes an essential factor in the mosquito's life in
relation to the ripening of the sexual products of the female. Today
these insects must have blood for the propagation of their species.

The description of the mating of mosquitoes is of great interest, as
very little has been made known on this subject. The species ob-
served is Culex fatigans, although the author fails to specify this. On
a subsequent page, in the second chapter, he treats of the mating
habits of Stegomyia fasciata and compares them with those of the pres-
ent species. The swarms of Culex that enter the houses at night-fall
in dense clouds are principally males which seek the females already
there. The infernal music of innumerable mosquitoes assails one's ears
and at the same time they dash against one's face. Striking light one
sees the multitude dancing and cutting frantic capers. There are two
swarms, one composed entirely of males, the other only of females.
The sexes are guided towards each other principally by the song and
one soon perceives that there are two sounds, the higher produced by
the males, the lower by the females. The actual sexual union is wholly
devoid of ceremony. Some female detaches herself 'suddenly from her
companions and approaches the cloud of dancing males. Immediately
she is seized by a male and united they retire from the swarm. It is
not rare that such pairs forget all prudence and in their frenzy hit against
everything and even roll upon the ground. In some cases a female is
seized by two males at the same time and all three fall, rolling over each
other in the fiercest sexual frenzy. Theobald says, " I have never seen
a male C. pipiens or of any other European species indoors." In Para
the males of both Culex fatigans and Stegomyia fasciata daily invade
the houses in swarms. Oviposition (of Culex fatigans ?') is said to
occur only at night. The observations on the localities where the eggs
of Culex fatigans and Stegomyia fasciata are laid agree with those of
Durham and Myers. Culex fatigans contents itself with any ditch, no
matter how muddy or foul, puddles of waste water and drains, and is
easily reared in the laboratory. Stegomyia fasciata is quite particular
in the selection of breeding places. It prefers relatively clean water
and is customarily found in the depressions of the horizontal rain-gut-
ters on houses, in barrels, jars and other receptacles, in the still folded
leaves of banana plants, the leaves of bromelias, etc. In captivity the

June, iSo6.| KNAB : GOELDl'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 63

larvae do not prosper in water containing other matter than their essen-
tial food, alg?e and other cryptogams.

The paragraph on mosquitoes as agents of disease reviews what is
now known on this important subject and briefly states the part taken
by the different investigators in bringing out the facts. The species
of mosqu toes that are known to transmit disease are enumerated and
the diseases they carry. In the mention of Filaria immitis in the dog,
transmitted by Culex fatigans, the writer states that he has found this
disease in dogs at Rio de Janeiro and sometimes the left auricle of the
heart is filled with a ball of these worms.

Under the caption " Practical results which urgently claim atten-
tion " the various methods of mosquito control are discussed. The
baneful effect of mosquitoes is again emphasized, not only as direct
agents of yellow fever and other diseases but also as the destroyers of
spiritual peace and the producers of neurasthenia through the constant
infliction of physical pain.

Chapter II gives a series of experiments with Stegomyia fasciata
and Culex fatigans to ascertain the relation of meals of blood to copu-
lation and to oviposition. Upward of 220 adults of both sexes of
Stegomyia fasciata and 260 of Culex fatigans were used in these experi-
ments. At first captured mosquitoes were used, but later the experi-
ments were carried on with bred specimens. The fertilized females
were fed with honey and water on the one hand, and with human
blood or that of the guinea pig on the other. It is shown that one
or more meals of blood are essential to the development of the
eggs. Lack of space forbids giving even a synopsis of these experi-
ments. It is only possible to give the author's final conclusions,
which apply more particularly to Stegomyia fasciata, and state that in
general they are borne out by the experiments. In brief his conclu-
sions are as follows :

1. Honey prolongs the life of the mosquito in captivity and is taken
with avidity, not only by the female, but above all by the male.

2. Blood of vertebrates is eagerly and persistently sought by the
female ; obtained by sucking it shortens life as further explained.
Blood drawn in other ways, although fresh, is refused or accepted with
indifference not only by the males but also by the females.

3. Sucked blood is a food which favors and accelerates the laying
of eggs and produces a certain, energetic and immediate reaction in
the organization of the female, perceptible from the first ration.

6-i Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

4. Honey, on the contrary, has a retarding, interrupting, or at
least neutral effect upon oviposition. The same is true of other sweet
liquids and vegetable food.

5. With certain mosquitoes, in captivity, we have the power to
prolong life and suppress oviposition, or bring about prompt oviposi-
tion by witholding or supplying blood as food.

6. It is a fact that in previously fertilized females of Stegomyia fas-
ciata the faculty of laying fertile eggs can be preserved latent during
periods of from 23 to 102 days and called to life at pleasure by
changing the diet to one of blood.

7. In other words : A diet of honey is of advantage to the indi-
vidual by prolonging life, but of disadvantage to the species, for it re-
tards reproduction. A blood diet, on the contrary, is prejudicial to
the individual, for it shortens life, and most advantageous to the spe-
cies, as it favors reproduction.

8. We have the right to call blood an indispensable factor in the
production of fertile eggs. By the above experiments, what has so far
been only a hypothetical supposition, has now been definitelv proven.

9. Unfertilized females, bred in captivity and in strict isolation,
readily accept blood. Copulation is not a necessary preliminary to
enable the female to practice heematophagy.

10. These unfertilized females of Stegomyia may lay eggs, though
these are not fertile and do not produce larvce.

11. Oviposition completed, the female, both of Stegomyia and of
Culexfatigans, dies in the following days, in most cases immediately
afterward. The female survives in cases where oviposition is incom-
plete until the fractional deposits have made up the total.

12. In order to make a complete deposit of eggs it is necessary that
the female of Stegomyia should have several successive rations of blood,
at least two or three. With Culex fatigans the results on this point
have not been equally decisive.

13. The respective interval between the meal of blood and oviposi-
tion, taking the average, for Stegomyia fas data is 3.7 days = 88.8
hours, and for Culex fatigans 3.5 days = 84 hours.

14. The interval from the time the eggs are laid to the appearance
of the larvae, taking the mean, is, for Stegomyia fasciata, 4.5 days
= 108 hours, and for Culexfatigans 1.8 days = 43.2 hours.

The second chapter closes with an extensive account and discussion
of the habits of Stegomyia fasciata, which clearly demonstrates that this

June, 1906.] KNAB: GOELDl'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 65

species has become completely domesticated. While certain species
of mosquitoes probably persecute by preference particular animals,
among all the mosquitoes there is none that has so exclusively adapted
itself to the persecution of man in the tropics as Stegomyia fasciata.
Along the Atlantic littoral of South America it fastens upon the heels
of man wherever he settles in numbers and the houses are concentrated
into cities of any size. Steam navigation has been the means of
spreading the species, and only by taking into account this fact can
its present geographical distribution be understood in its details. A
valuable illustration is furnished by the manner in which Stegomyia is
little by little conquering the Amazon valley. It has departed, by
exception, from the littoral route, and entering in a perpendicular di-
rection to the coast line, has reached the remote interior. It has
established itself at Manaos, capital of the state of Amazonas, a rap-
idly growing city of modern aspect 1,600 kilometers from Para.
However, according to reliable information obtained by the author,
the species has not made itself felt in Santarem, Faro, Monte Allegre
and Obidos, all cities at a much lesser distance from Para. The
author thinks that while there may be other secondary factors, the
principal reason for this negative condition is the small size of these
towns. The author believes that an inquiry into the data when
yellow fever first appeared at Manaos, and the beginning of steam
navigation with Manaos as a terminus, would show an intimate and
significant relation between these two facts. The great waterway,
with its direction nearly parallel to the equator, navigable for large
ocean vessels to its upper reaches and with its climatic conditions most
favorable to this eminently tropical mosquito, will prove an excellent
highway in the conquering march of 'Stegomyia. Even while the sheets
were in press, the newspapers of Para brought telegraphic notice that
the " black vomit " had made its appearance in Iquitos (Peru) on
the upper Amazon. In Para, in certain parts of the city, Stegomyia
abounds to the point of making existence unbearable, particularly for
those whose professional duties keep them at the work-table. The hot
hours of the day are those in which it shows itself most blood thirsty
and insistent. When one perspires slightly it persecutes by its bite
with a tenacity and cruelty of which it would be hard to find another
example. That the growing insolence of its persecutions goes parallel
with the increasing perspiration of our body is something which must
impress every attentive observer. It is evident that the perspiration of

66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

our body plays a significant role in the life of this mosquito. During
the hot hours of the day the head and hands of persons resting clothed,
in hammock or bed, are besieged by a cloud of perhaps ten or fifteen
Stegomyias, mostly males, in incessant serpentine evolutions. Even the
males are aggressive during these hours and persecute any uncovered
part of the body to suck sweat. If they do not succeed in biting it is
not from lack of desire, but owing to the weak mouth-parts. Although
it has been frequently asserted that the male Stegomyia bites and sucks
blood, neither the author nor any of his colleagues have ever detected
one in the act or found one dilated with blood. However, they do
alight upon the person, and the author thinks they produce an irritation
that only differs in degree from that of the female's bite. While the
male does not succeed in perforating the epidermis it certainly irritates
it, and a close study of the male mouth-parts would probably show an
unusual development for that sex. The disagreeable sensation pro-
duced by the males is augmented by their truculent hum, uttered in a
thin concert voice.

The habits of Stegomyia are now discussed in their bearing on the
theory of the origin of the blood-sucking habit propounded on a
previous page. Clearly sweat belongs to the same order of products
as the others sought by Diptera, the blood serum and the moisture on
the edge of the eyes. When Stegomyia first associated itself with man
both sexes fed upon his perspiration. From this stage the females
progressed to the habitual perforation of the epidermis and became
professional suckers of human blood. The males continue in the
historically more ancient stage of lappers of sweat and similar secre-
tions of the human body.

When Stegomyia is abundant one observes that the males show a
certain aloofness and tendency to congregate apart from the females
in little clouds of 15 to 20 or more. This manifests itself, for ex-
ample, when the males congregate over the edge of a table or cabinet
while the females are circulating about the room, or they collect about
the upper part of a mosquito-bar while the females are reconnoitring
beneath the bed. These elevated positions are points of vantage
from which the males pounce upon any female that they detect cross-
ing the area of their dominion.

Stegomyia is a singularly light-loving mosquito. This is shown by
the merry hum of the males as well as the females, dancing in ani-
mated swarms, when the moderate sunlight of late afternoon shines

June, 1906.J KNAB : GOELDI'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 67

into their cages. The sounds produced under these conditions were
determined with the assistance of two musically educated colleagues
and by the use of a cither and diapason with determined vibrations.
The note of the female corresponded to C in the treble clef and
that of the male to the A above. The male note has 880 vibrations,
that of the female 480, and the two sounds hold the relation of a sex-
tad to each other. In both cases the impression was obtained that
along with the principal note the respective octaves were heard, so
that the timbre was obscured by the concomitant notes. A certain
effect upon the height of pitch is exercised by the greater or less dilation
of the abdomen with food and perhaps also in certain psychic states and
under the influence of mutual suggestion. According to Nuttall and
Shipley the note of Anopheles maculipennis in the male coincides with
that of Stegomyia while in the fed female it is in the neighborhood of
low C with 240 vibrations, an octave lower than in Stegomyia.

Little appears to have been made known about the copulation of
Stegomyia. The author states that he has seen it millions of times
and sees it every day, but, as yet, has not been able to describe it
satisfactorily in its minor details. In general outline the process is
as follows: a male, from his outlook, precipitates himself upon a
female that comes flying near and attaching himself to the under side
allows himself to be carried in gentle flight for a few seconds (not
more than two or three) and again departs. It is the work of a
moment and it is really surprising with what rapidity the act is ac- ,
complished. The flight is so short that it is executed without diffi-
culty within a cage, a fact which makes it possible to breed successive
generations of the species in captivity. As well as one can judge,
without previously marked individuals, the same male copulates
several times in rapid succession with diverse females that approach.
The process differs from the bacchanals of Culex fatigans, described
on a previous page, in that there are not two distinct swarms, one of
males, the other of females. Still there is a tendency to keep sep-
arate, a kind of antagonism already alluded to. The nuptial flight of
Culex fatigans is likewise only of a moment but it seems to require
more space and therefore is not realized in captivity with the facility,
one might almost say mathematical precision, of Stegomyia.

The writer thinks that Culex fatigans is more obstinate, timid and
rebellious in behavior and more refractory to domestication. He
believes that a proof of this is the singular circumstance that of all

68 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi.xiv.

the trials made with females in captivity, both captured and bred ones,
only one sucked blood. Culex fatigans shows itself much inferior to
Stegomyia in intelligence and this agrees well with the idea that, like
other hsematophagous insects, this mosquito is principally found in
relation with a definite vertebrate host. The author believes that
primitively Culex fatigans was less partial to the human species than
to certain domestic animals and his suspicion points mostly to its
being an inquiline of poultry-houses. Is it not possible that in this
evident intellectual diversity of these two species of mosquito the
diversity of their respective primitive hosts is reflected? Surely no
one will dispute that it requires a more expert mosquito to persecute
man than poultry, cats or dogs.

Discussing the original home of Stegomyia faseiata, the author ex-
presses his belief that it is of African origin. He bases this idea
largely upon a study of the geographical distribution of the genus
Stegomyia by means of the data gathered from Theobald's Monograph.
Of the 2 1 known species of the genus, eleven, or more than half, are
African, while only four are American. The author fails, however, to
take into account the fact that our knowledge of the mosquito fauna
of tropical America is extremely fragmentary. At least three addi-
tional species of Stegomyia are now known from the West Indian region,
which, with the neighboring coasts, most likely represents the home of
the American Stegomyias.* Stegomyia faseiata is now so widely dis-
persed that a study of the species itself will hardly furnish a clue to its
original habitat. The author believes that Stegomyia faseiata, along
with other afflictions such as filariasis and the sand flea (Sareopsyi/a
penetrans L. ), has followed in the wake of the slave trade probably in
quite early times. Of course it is quite as likely that the reverse is
true and that the species has been disseminated from America. The
whole question is inseparably bound up with that of the origin of
yellow fever and perhaps the history of this disease will furnish proper
data to settle the question. The author touches upon this part of the
subject in Chapter III, where he resumes the discussion of the probable

* Since the above was written these three species referred to have been described
by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. Two of them, together with Stegomyia sexlineata Theob. ,
are placed by Mr. Coquillett in a new genus Gymnometopa (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
VII, 183). It should be noted that it is highly doubtful that the genus Stegomyia
represents a distinct and homogeneous group. Most of the recently made Culicid
genera are based upon very unsatisfactory characters and do not represent natural
groups, as is clearly apparent from a study of the larva;.

June, 1906.] KNAB : GOELDl's ' ' Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 69

origin of Stegomyia fasciata. He concedes that the malady which
carried off part of the crew of Columbus was most likely the yellow
fever, but protests that this does not constitute a proof against its
previous existence in Africa. A further argument is sought in the
close association of Stegomyia fasciata with man and its partiality to
large cities. He asks where were the large cities on the Atlantic
coast between the Antilles and the Rio Plata? He further states that
the indigenous American was at all times what he still is to-day ;
jealous of his absolute freedom, he has neither the habits nor the in-
clination necessary to concentrate himself in cities of really large size.
The characterization of the native American which follows is a very
faithful portrait of the Amazonian Indian and will apply, in the essen-
tial points, to our North American Indians as well. He contrasts
with the retiring characteristics of our Indians the excessive socia-
bility of the African. All the accounts of African travelers abound
with exclamations of surprise at the number of towns reaching a size
beyond easy estimation. The author has, however, entirely ignored
Mexico and Central America, peopled in great part by natives of
advanced culture and entirely different character from the primitive
races to the north and south. Surely the writer is not wholly ignorant
of the historical accounts of the dense population of peaceful agricul-
turalists that inhabited the region at the time of its discovery and the
extensive cities, doubtless of great age, that existed then. We know
that even upon the author's own ground, the lower Amazons, at the
time of the discovery there was a dense agricultural population con-
gregated in large towns — a population probably far in excess of that
of the present day.

The author likewise assumes an Ethiopian origin for Culex fatigans
and points out the close correspondence in the distribution of this
species and Stegomyia fasciata, as shown in the maps given by Theo-
bald, and this he believes to be by no means accidental. It is fitting
here to call attention to the uncertain status of some of the species of
Culex, particularly those of the group to which C. fatigans belongs,
and the absolute impossibility, in some cases, to refer specimens to
their proper species with certainty. The author himself, on another
page, points out that the variety skusii of Culex fatigans must be a dis-
tinct species, as the larval characters differ widely in the two forms.
From a study of the larval material brought together by Dr. L. O. How-
ard for his forthcoming monograph of the Culicidae the reviewer has

70 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

reached the conclusion that the American form known as Culex fati-
gans represents a distinct species peculiar to the tropical and subtrop-
ical regions of this hemisphere.

The author believes that Stegomyia fasciata and Culex fatigans are
inseparable allies, always to be found together, the nocturnal Culex
fatigans supplementing the diurnal Stegomyia fasciata in the persecution
of man and the two constituting a strong combination against him.
He believes that future studies will show that the influence of these
two mosquitoes, over and above the grave diseases which they trans-
mit, is the principal cause of tropical anemia.

Attention is called to the occurrence of dwarf specimens, both of
Stegomyia fasciata and of Culex fatigans, a circumstance of considerable
importance as they succeed in passing through screens effectual against
normal mosquitoes. At certain seasons these dwarfs are more numer-
ous and even become the predominating form. Thus it appeared that
in the last weeks of October and in November, just before the opening
of the rainy season, these small females were particularly numerous.
These dwarf mosquitoes are the product of adverse conditions during
development, such as the reduction of water and food in the dry sea-
son, so that there may be said to be a small sestival generation. It is
a wrong opinion that the individuals of this dwarf race are less agres-
sive and blood-thirsty than those of normal size ; they behave in every
way the same and their bite is equally painful.

One cannot suppose that on the whole Brazilian coast, southward to
Rio Janeiro or Santos, there is a single place where the development
of Stegomyia ever comes to a standstill. There are larvae throughout
the year, although there will be fluctuations in the rate of development
corresponding to hot or cold, wet or dry season in the different locali-
ties. Inquiries into these conditions gain particular importance
through their relation to the periodicity of yellow fever.

From the experiments it appears that Stegomyia fasciata shows a
decided preference for human blood over that of the guinea pig, and
human blood seems to have a more favorable effect upon oviposition.
Reptilian blood, that of a lizard ( Tropidurus torquatus) was offered
but not accepted.

As all other mosquitoes are extremely sensitive to currents of air it
is remarkable that Stegomyia is quite indifferent to even a strong wind.
The author found that a strong wind blowing into a window, or the
current of air from an electric fan, did not in the least interfere with

June, 1906] KNAB : GOELDl'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 71

the evolutions and biting of the Stegomyias. It appears likewise to be
quite indifferent to strong odors as in one case that from a floor satur-
ated withcreoline did not affect them. Strong mediums are necessary,
such as fumes of sulphur, chlorine or strong fumigation with pyrethrum.

The question whether Stegomyia fas data bites at night is of impor-
tance in view of the often mentioned " diarios de Petropolis," that is,
the security from yellow fever enjoyed by those who spend the day in
the city of Rio de Janeiro but return to their homes in the nearby
mountains before nightfall. The author professes that he approached
this question with great scepticism. However now he is in possession
of quite a number of perfectly verified cases in each of which the
mosquito was taken "en flagrante" and identified by him. These
cases occurred both at Rio de Janeiro and at Para. Nearly all the
cases observed at Para occurred in nearly the same manner, between
the hours of eight and eleven at night while the author was writing by
an electric light, the window open. The mosquitoes that alighted
upon the hands and sucked blood were generally Tceniorhynchus fasci-
olatus or Panoplites titillans but now and then a female Stegomyia
presented itself. The bites personally observed at Rio de Janeiro oc-
curred during the same hours in a room of the library. The author
always noticed that during the day he was more persecuted by Stegomyia
in that room than elsewhere and he quickly discovered that the mould-
ings and the upper and under sides of the shelves were the chosen
hiding places of these mosquitoes. These cases, however, are not the
rule but exceptional ; perhaps one in a hundred bites at night and then
only with light, not in complete darkness. The weak light of the
night-lamp in a sleeping room is perhaps sufficient. These observa-
tions do not weaken the statement that Stegomyia fasciata is essentially
a diurnal mosquito. Now and then some female overpowered by hun-
ger prolongs its hunt into the night, above all when stimulated and
guided by the light in a room. That Stegomyia will readily accept
blood at night in captivity the writer considers an anomaly due to the
unnatural laboratory conditions. There is a popular saying that to get
rid of mosquitoes it is only necessary to put out the light. This ad-
vice, if it does not simply allude to the fact that the healthy organism,
tired from the day's occupation, falls asleep more readily in a dark
room, must refer to Stegomyia fasciata. In the case of Culex fatigans
and Anopheles the promised result will certainly not be realized.

But there is still the possibility that perhaps the female Stegomyias

72 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

seeking blood at night are themselves the victims of an anomaly and
acting under a morbid impulse, perhaps produced by a parasite. Per-
haps there is here some relation with the agent of yellow fever !

The third chapter, " biological details," contains a great deal of
interest, and it is to be regretted that the details, particularly of larval
structure, are not more full. The plates that accompany this chapter
are of great interest, particularly the figures from photographs of eggs,
larvae and pupae, more or less magnified. The figures from drawings,
we are sorry to say, are not equally commendable, and, at least in
some cases, appear superficial and inaccurate. Some of these inaccu-
racies will be pointed out in connection with the following notes.
Sixteen species of Culicidse, three Chironomi< 33 and a Simulium are
dealt with, but of some of the species the early stages remain unknown
and only notes upon the imago are given.

Culex fatigans and Stegonixia fascia fa are treated most fully, and
each of these species is illustrated by two double-page plates. One of
these plates is entirely given up to the eggs of Culex fatigans, and the
figures, from photographs, of the eggs singly and in rafts, are very
excellent. As the author remarks, these eggs do not appear to differ
in any way from those of Culex pipiens. Regarding the small globule
at the pointed end of the egg, the writer at first followed the supposi-
tion of previous writers that it is air. Closer study of its optical qual-
ities and behavior in various liquids used in microscopic technique
showed that it is of a gelatinous or mucilaginous substance. The
globule is detached by the slightest pressure and in the water swells
and then disappears altogether. At the same time the author became
convinced that the entire base of the fresh egg- raft is covered by a
layer of gelatine, similar to the substance present in so many other
insect eggs, and even those of vertebrates. He attributes a hydrostatic
function to the globule. Both the globule and the lower layer disap-
pear before the breaking up of the egg-boat, which begins soon after
the larvae have hatched. The author thinks that this gelatinous sub-
stance may perhaps furnish the first food to the young larvae. The
cup-shaped appendix on the rounded end of the egg has been figured
by several authors, but without comment. The author thinks it is con-
nected with the intra-ovarial period, the remnant of the germinative
chamber and entirely without physiological significance after the egg
is laid. The figure of the sculpture pattern of the interior of the cup
shows series of points arranged around a central round depression.

June,i9o6.] KNAB : GOELDl'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 7S

The female of Culex fatigans, in ovipositing, shows great piedilection
for water containing animal matter. A vessel in which the skulls of
several small mammals were being macerated after two or three days
contained a great number of egg-boats — at least ioo or 200 — and
further tests gave the same result. This fact could be utilized and the
mosquitoes induced to lay their eggs in trap-jars, where the eggs could
then be destroyed. Unfortunately the details of the larval characters
given in the text and figures are insufficient and will not serve to sep-
arate this species from Culex pipiens. The author himself calls atten-
tion to the close resemblance between the two larvae, but wisely re-
marks that it would be premature to pronounce upon the relative value
of these two forms. He urges that describers should be exact and
adopt a standard for description, else a labyrinth of error and con-
fusion must result.

Culex confirmatus is noticed in Para mostly in the dry season and
frequents dry fields and gardens when water is present in ditches or
natural depressions. It was noticeably abundant in a garden near Rio
de Janeiro, and showed itself impertinent and besieged one in clouds
of ten or twelve. It is diurnal and loves the light, and people are
mostly troubled by it during the hottest hours with burning sun.
The author questions that Grabham could have had the same species
under observation when he states that "this species appears to be
active only during the night." As a matter of fact, neither the larva
characterized by Grabham (Can. Ent., v. 37, p. 404-405) nor by
Dyar (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, v. 13, p. 23-25) in the least resemble
that figured by the present writer. The larva figured cannot be of
this species, but is a Culex in the restricted sense, and the author cor-
rectly points out its relationship to our Culex territans. The large
and stout antennae bear a tuft at the set-off three-fourths from the base,
and the breathing tube is extremely long and slender. The author
twice succeeded in obtaining eggs from captive females fed with
guinea-pig blood. The eggs are lanceolate-oval and are laid singly.

In the larva of the Culex sp. iuJet. from the forest of Murutucii
close to Para, attention is called to the pointed form of the anal gills,
resembling those of the Psorophora. The figure of the labial plate is
very characteristic, the pecten teeth of breathing tube bear a fringe of
spines and the scales of the comb are large and simple. Doubt is,
however, thrown on these characters by the two figures of antennae, of
entirely different types, for this same species and leads one to infer that
the author has confused two species.

74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv

Of especial interest are the author's observations on the early stages
of two species of the genus Tceniorhynchus , T. fasciolatus and T. arri-
balzagce. The first information relating to the early stages of this
genus was given by Dr. Goeldi in a footnote on p. 27 of his first
bulletin on the mosquitoes of Para, published in 1902, and notes
furnished by him were incorporated in Theobald's Monograph, v. 3,
1903, p. 257 and 269. These observations are based upon T.fas-
ciolatus but answer as well for the other species, as no essential differ-
ences were noted between the two. It is decidedly a forest mosquito,
and only enters houses occasionally in the evening. It shows itself
sensitive to confinement and does not survive it long. Of 170 cap-
tured females fed with blood only 25 laid eggs. The eggs are laid
in a double-rowed chain, fastened together like those of Culex pipiens.
The chain is rather strongly convex upon the lower side, and rests upon
the water after the manner of the egg-raft of Culex pipiens. It is only
after the larvae have been hatched that it falls upon its side and dis-
integrates. The number of eggs in a chain was from 60 to 63 and the
female dies very soon after the act of oviposition. The eggs hatch in
about four and one half days. The author compares the shape of the
eggs to that of a champagne bottle but the accompanying figures do not
show the pronounced neck that this description implies. The surface
of the egg is covered with coarse conical papillae. The young larva?
are of very remarkable appearance well shown in two photognq)hic
figures. The antennae are very large and of peculiar shape but are
not two-jointed as the author indicates in the drawing of fig. 76.
The mouth tufts are large, the tracheal tubes very slender. Most
remarkable is the form of the breathing tube, the basal portion very
broad and rounded off, narrowed beyond the middle to a very slender
tube terminated by a whorl of spines. The slender terminal portion
somewhat exceeds in length the broad basal part and the general aspect
reminds one of a peaked helmet. All attempts to rear these larvae
failed and they died after a few days. These larvae agree quite closely
in general appearance with the young larvae of Taniorhynchus pertur-
batis, described and figured by Dyar and Currie in Proc. Ent. Soc. of
Washington, v. 6, 1904, p. 218-220. In this last-mentioned species,
however, the eggs, about 150, are laid in a raft. No clue has yet
been given to the natural habitat or food of these strange larvae and it
is to be hoped that Dr. Goeldi, in such favorable surroundings, will
succeed in solving the mystery of these strange larvae.

June, i9o6.] KNAB : GOELDI'S " Os MOSQUITOS NO PARA." 75

The eggs obtained by the author from another species, Tcenio-
rhynchus fulvus, leads him to express doubt that it should be retained
in the same genus. He calls attention to the great dissimilarity of the
imago to those of the two first-mentioned species and proposes the
generic name Chrysoconops for this species. The eggs are short, very
broad at the middle, tapering to a blunt point at each end, almost
rhombic in shape. They are laid detached, in a double row which
soon becomes disarranged.*

Very good figures are given of Mansonia titillans in the act of ovi-
position and of its eggs. The eggs are laid detached, in a double
mass. They are broadest at middle, tapering at both ends, but much
more slender than those of Tamiorhynchus fulvus.

A plate is devoted to the eggs of Janthinosoma musica andy. lutzii
which are likewise laid singly. The surface sculpture consists of re-
cumbent spines.

Trichoprosopon nivipes demands especial attention as it is the rep-
resentative of Theobald's subfamily Trichoprosopina of which the
larvae were heretofore unknown. The author obtained larvae from the
water between the leaves of Bromelias, at the base of banana leaves and
like situations. The appearance of the pale larvae is well shown in a
photographic picture and their general resemblance to the Sabethinae
quite apparent. The figure of the mandibles hardly conveys the correct
impression as only the slender strongly dentate portion is shown. The
mandibles remind one strongly of the Chironomidae, particularly when
seen endwise and the great thickness of the base is apparent. There is
reason to believe that in his notes on the young larva of Trichoprosopo/i,
accompanied by a figure of the breathing tube, the author had before
him the larva of Limatus durhami which is often found associated with
Trichoprosopon. The pupa of Trichoprosopon has very small terminal
paddles and the last and penultimate segments bear ample tufts of 24-
26 and 14-16 hairs respectively, while the other segments bear only
single hairs.

Limatus durhami, in the imago as in the larva agrees with Tricho-
prosopon in habits. Imagos in confinement refused to suck blood and
laid no eggs. When fed honey they only lived from 2-8 days. The
larva is characterized by a very elongated abdomen and a small, almost
rectangular head. The antennae are very small. The breathing tube

* Mr. D. W. Coquillett has recognized in Tceniorhynchus fuh'us a species of
Psorophora, so that Chrysoconops Goeldi becomes a synonym of Psorophora.

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

is short and bears, both above and below, a series of hairs in pairs
and singly. The comb consists of half a dozen scales in a row. The
pupa is more elongate than that of Trichoprosopon and has, like it,
tufts upon the last two segments. The paddles are very poorly
developed.

The showy Megarhinus separates is a common species in the Amazon
region. Mr. A. Ducke, entomological preparator of the museum,
has experienced its bite and compares it in painfulness to the sting of
a wasp. He also obtained the eggs, larvae and pupae. The eggs are
elongate, almost cylindrical, and float upon the water in groups of
four to six lying side by side. One end of the egg is smooth, while
more than half of it is granular and covered with very prominent
tubercles. These tubercles are more or less constricted at the base and
appear to have an opening at the tip. They serve to keep the egg
afloat by the air retained between them. When the larvre are hatched
the egg splits open lengthwise at the smooth end, a mode very distinct
from that observed in other mosquito eggs. The larva greatly re-
sembles that of our North American Megarhinus portoricensis. Dis-
tinguishing characters are furnished in the labial plate, mandibles and
antennas. The predaceous character of the larvae appears to have
escaped the author.

Anopheles albipes is a rather rare mosquito at Para and only ap-
pears occasionally in the outskirts at dark. The author did not suc-
ceed in finding the larvae in their natural habitat. Eggs were ob-
tained in the usual manner from a female fed successive rations of
blood. Figures are given of the eggs greatly enlarged and also one
to show their stellate grouping as laid upon the water. The young
larva has two very long terminal hairs. This mosquito is distinguished
by the common people from the ordinary mosquito or " carapand "
by the popular name " morocbca."

The chapter closes with descriptions of two new species of
Chironomus, — C. calligraphus and C. holoprasinus, — of a little biting
fly " piiruim" a species of Ceratopogon, under the name Hamato-
myidium paraense, and of the famous "pium" of the upper Amazons as
Simulium amazonicum. The eggs and larva of Chironomus calligraphus
are figured, as also the imago of the Ceratopogon and its wing greatly
enlarged.

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order V, LEPIDOPTERA.

THE NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHULINiE AND
SCOPARIIN^E.

By Harrison G. Dyar, A.M., Ph.D.,
Washington, D. C.

I have prepared the following account of the Nymphulinae
(Hydrocam'pinae) and Scopariinae at the instance of Professor C. H.
Fernald, who has loaned me his material in these groups. Professor
Fernald has undertaken a general account of the North American
Pyralidae (except the Crambinae and Phycitinae), but asked me to
relieve him of the work on the present groups.

Family PYRALID.F.

Subfamily Nymphulin^.

Moths usually of very slender build, the legs very long. Proboscis present.
Fore wing with vein 7 from the cell, 10 usually stalked with 8 and 9, if not, the
maxillary palpi are long and dilated at the extremity. Hind wing with the median
nervure not pectinate.

The group is close to the Pyraustinae, and not strongly distin-
guished therefrom. I am inclined to agree with Mr. Meyrick that
the group should be united with the Pyraustinae. I follow Sir
George Hampson in holding them separate for convenience sake,
though in the next catalogue I expect to see them united as they
were in Smith's 1891 list, where Professor Fernald followed Mr. Mey-
rick's very sound views.

To this group belong those peculiar larvae which are fitted for a
wholly aquatic life ; but not all the larvae of the group are so modi-
fied, so that the group is defined on no larval character.

Taki.e of Genera.
Palpi upturned.

Palpi with the third joint long and acuminate.
Maxillary palpi filiform, moderate.

77

78 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Hind wings with the outer margin excised before anal angle. ...Ambia.
Hind wings with the outer margin even.

Outer margin straight Elophila .

Outer margin convex Geshna.

Maxillary palpi long; dilated with scales at extremity.

Hind wings with the outer margin evenly rounded Nymphula.

Hind wings with the outer margin excavated below apex..01ig0stigma.

Palpi with the third joint short and blunt Piletoceia.

Palpi porrect.

Hind wings with vein 4 absent Diathrausta.

Hind wings with vein 4 present. Steniodes.

Genus NYMPHULA Schrank.

Nvmplntla Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, 162, 1802.
Hydrocampa Latreille, Fam. Nat., 478, 1825.
Paraponyx Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 362, 1827.
Syndita Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., 1863, 448.
Nymphaella Grote, No. Am., Ent., i, 97, 1880.
Hygraula Meyrick, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xvii, 129, 1885.
Hydeuretis Meyrick, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 1895, 435.

Palpi upturned, the second joint moderately fringed with hair in front and reach-
ing vertex of head, the third well developed and acuminate; maxillary palpi long
and dilated with scales at extremity ; frons rounded : antennae usually annulated ;
ocelli usually prominent ; legs long, the tibia; usually smooth with the spurs almost
equal. Fore wings with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 7 straight and well sepa-
rated from 8, 9, 10 ; 10 usually stalked. Hind wing with the cell about half the length
of the wing ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 7 strongly anastomos-
ing with 8 (Hampson).

Synopsis of Species.
Hind wings white, the median lines obsolete.

Sexes usually dimorphic, the male with spots on forewing, the female uniformly

dark gray maculalis.

Hind wings with dark lines, usually distinct, at least traceable, or all dark.
Hind wings with the central fascia even and parallel.

Hind wings with the central fasciae approximate, wavy allionialis.

Hind wings with the central fasciae remote, straight.

Fore wings shaded with brown ; outer median band of hind wing

broad obscuralis.

Fore wing white ; mesial bands of hind wing alike badiusalis.

Hind wings with central fasciae irregular, divergent centrally or lost.
Lines of hind wing indistinct, clouded.
Wings obscured by dark gray.

Discal spot white, contrasted obliteralis.

Discal spot metallic gray, obscure nomophilalis.

Hind wing white, the lines faint gyralis.

Lines of hind wing well marked.

June, 1906.] Dyar : Nymphulin/e AND SCOPARllNVK 79

Fulvous discal spot of hind wings without black edge.

Smaller, darker fulvous shaded, the marks contracted, the white

areas reduced nebulosalis.

Larger, paler fulvous shaded, the marks expanded, the white areas

developed icciusalis.

Fulvous discal spot of hind wing with a black edge ekthlipsis.

Nymphula maculalis Clemens.
Sironia maculalis Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., xii, 218, i860 ( $ ).
Nephopteryx seminivella Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxv, 1717, 1866 ( 0 ).
Nymphceella dispar Grote, No. Am. Ent., i, 97, 1880.
Paraponyx maculalis Grote, New Ch. List N. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Nymphula maculalis Fernald, Smith List Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4185, 1891.
Nymph.rclla maculalis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist., iv, 167, 1895.
Nymphula seminivella Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula maculalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4495, 1903.

Male. Wings elongate, inner margin nearly as long as costa, outer margin short,
convex, little oblique. Hind wings ample, the outer margin convex. White, head
thorax and abdominal segments more or less overspread with dark gray ; the collar
usually whitish ; legs white. Fore wing white, marked with dark gray along all the
margins, at end of cell and over discal nervules, along median vein and in a spot
across submedian space, dividing the while ground into four subquadrate patches ; a
submarginal light shade ; a faint ocherous spot at base of veins 3-4. This dark
marking is variable in extent, and the white marks may be confluent. The patches
at end of cell and on submedian space tend to remain darker than the other marks.
Hind wing white with a trace only of two dark bands, being a faint discal bar and mark
at anal angle. Below white without markings. Expanse 20 mm.

Female. Fore wings dark slaty gray, uniform, unmarked. Hind wing as in the
male, with a little more gray along outer margin and the discal mark obsolete. Ex-
panse 25 mm.

Lake Teedyuscong, Pike Co., Pa. (Clemens); Lewis Co., N. Y.
(Grote); Sand L. , Fourth L., Cedar L., Fox L., Urbana, 111., June
19, 22, July 8, 22, August 4, 1 1 (Hart).

1 r^, 1 0, Mass. (C. H. Fernald); 2 J1, 3 9> on leaves of
Nelumbo, Pine River, Lake Superior, August 18, 1896, no. 7234
(H. G. Hubbard) ; 2 $ , 4 9 on water-lily leaves, Big Tupper Lake,
N. Y., August 26, 1905 (H. G. Dyar); 1^,1$, New York, nos.
9630, 15814 (Asa Fitch collection); 1 $, 2 Q, Cocoanut Grove,
Fla. (E. A. Schwarz).

Ab. a. $ . Fore wings heavily black marked, the white spots reduced in size \
discal band of hind wings developed across wing as a nearly straight brown-black line.

i cf, Hamilton, Ontario (Jas. Johnson), no. 325, in coll. Prof.
C. H. Fernald.

80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

.-//'. />., foeminalis, new variety. g . Fore wing dark slaty gray as in the nor-
mal female with a black discal mark and one on submedian interspace. Hind wing
immaculate white.

3 rj', Palm Beach, Fla., January 25, 1900 (H. G. Dyar).
Type no. 9494, U. S. Xat. Mus.

.11'. i ., masculinalis, new variety. 9- Entirely white, the fore wing with only
slight gray shading on costa, outer margin, discal and submedian spots as in the
normal male.

2 9> Cocoanut Grove, Fla. (E. A. Schwarz).

Type no. 9495, U. S. Xat. Mus.

The larva appears to be unknown." It is probably aquatic, as the
adults are taken resting on leaves of water plants and flying from one
to another when disturbed, at considerable distances from shore.

Nymphula allionealis Walker.
Paraponyx allionealis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xii, 458, 1859.
Hydrocampa itealis Walker Cat. Brit. Mus., xvii, 45S, 1859.
Paraponyx cretacealis Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., vii, 4S4, 1863.
Paraponyx plenilinealis Grote, Pap., i, 17, 1881.
Paraponyx cretacealis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Paraponyx plenilinealis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Hydrocampa allionealis Fernald, Smith List Lep. Bor. Am. no. 4171, 1891.
Paraponyx allionealis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. lab. Nat. Hist., iv, 173, 1 895.
Nymphula allionealis llampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula itealis llampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula plenilinealis Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula allionealis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4491, 1903.

$ . Inner margin long, outer margin convex, not oblique. Wings white to
fuscous brown, rarely pure white, more often variously tinted with yellowish brown,
rarely darkly colored ; lines narrow, fuscous ; fringe dark spotted ; a narrow terminal
line ; a broader slightly waved band within ; an irregular oblique outer line, bent in
below discal dot and pointed out on submedian fold ; an obscure inner line. Hind
wing with a faint inner line, discal dot, two parallel lines beyond it, a waved sub-
marginal line and dots on fringe. Below the marks repeated more faintly. Expanse,
14 to 17 mm.

9 • Wings more pointed, outer margin straight. Marks as in the male ; ground
color generally white, overspread with brown as in the male but more variable' than
that sex. Some specimens are entirely white, the marks all obliterated although in
part traceable, very faintly brown. Others are all obscured by brownish gray, the
markings obliterate, even less traceable than in the white form.

Georgia (Walker); Wisconsin, September (Grote) ; Urbana, 111.,

Max 29, June 7, 29, July 6, 7, 23, 27 (Hart).

June, i9o6.] Dv'AR : NYMPHULIN/E AND SCOPARIIN/E 81

i $, no. 279 coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald, compd. with type of
cretacealis ; 6 9> Holyoke, Mass., July 14, 27, 28, 1898 (C. H.
Fernald); Florida (coll. C. H. Fernald); 2 9> Cayugo Co., Ohio,
Chicago, 111. (coll. W. D. Kearfott); 1 Q , Chicago, 111. (A. Kwiat);
14 cf, 23 5> Palm Beach, Cocoanut Grove and Miami, Fla., March,
August (Barnes, Schwarz, Dyar and Caudell).

The larva appears to be undescribed. Hart remarks that it is
probably related to that of the European strationata, which differs
from that of Nymphula obscuralis Grote in the lesser development of
the respiratory filaments.

Nymphula obscuralis Grote.
Oligostigma obscuralis Grote, Pap., i, 18, 1881.

Oligostigma obscuralis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. Moths, 54, 1882.
Hydrocampa obscuralis Fernald, Smith list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4169, 1891.
Paraponyx obscuralis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist., iv, 167, pi. 1, ft". 1-7,

I895-
Nymphula obscuralis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula obscuralis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4493, 1903.

$ . White, the fore wings shaded with blackish brown ; outer line white,
wavy, bent inward at median vein and obsolete, followed by a broad, dark shade ; a
dark half-band at middle of inner margin ; base dark ; terminal line black, incised
subapically ; fringe dark. Hind wing with slender mesial line, broad, dark outer
mesial band ; a broad marginal orange band with a slender dark line within and row
of geminate spots without in the base of the white fringe. Expanse 17 mm.

9- Similar. Expanse 21 to 29 mm.

N. Y., Wis., September (Grote) ; Urbana, 111. (Hart).

1 <$, Algonquin, 111., August 22, 1904 (W. D. Kearfott) ; 1
9, Fla., no. 259 (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald); 7 9> Harpers Ferry,
Ya., July, August, 1892, U. S. Dept. Agr. no. 4330 (T. Pergande) ;
1 9, Ohio, 1 9 without label (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).

The larva has been described by Mr. Hart. He says the favorite
food of the larva is Vallisneria spiralis and that it has also been found
upon Potamogeton nutans. They feed at first exposed on the leaf but
later two or even three leaves are loosely webbed together face to
face by each larva. The cocoon is fine and dense. Full grown lar-
vae and pupae were obtained in July. Later they occurred in floating
cases made by cutting loose the larval retreats and they were still to
be found in September and October. The method of hibernation is
not proven though a larva is recorded in December and they doubt-
less hibernate as larvae in the water.

82 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Larva. Head pale, faintly mottled, sutures light yellowish brown, setae long,
clypeus margined in front with dark brown ; ocelli five with angular black pigment
spots. Body whitish ; tubercles normal, small, the setce short, iv and v superposed
subventrally, rather remote. Five pairs of filamentous branched gills on each side
on each segment except on head, prothorax and terminal segment ; the mesothorax
lacks one pair, the penultimate segment lacks all but one pair, there being just ioo in
all. The gills have each from three to five branches with some variation, which
Hart tabulates. They increase also in number in the several stages. Hart tabulates
six stages, in which the number of branches of the gills of the first four abdominal
segments varies from one in stage I to six at maturity. The gills are situated : sub-
dorsal anterior, below tubercle i ; subdorsal posterior, above tubercle ii ; subventral
anterior, before tubercles iv -|- v ; subventral posterior, behind tubercles iv -j- v ;
pedal, behind tubercle vi. Abdominal feet short, normal, the crochets in a wide
complete ellipse.

Pupa. Spiracle-bearing segments broadest, slightly swollen dorsally, tapering
gradually to each end. Rather soft bodied, pale-yellowish white, the eyes darker;
smooth. Head small with two dehiscent spine-like porrect setse on the vertex.
Spiracles of segments 2 to 4 of the abdomen large and conspicuous, borne on round
tubercles. Ventral sheath reaching a little beyond end of 7th segment ; 9th segment
beneath with a faint elevated line at middle and a small elevation on each side, the
anterior margin conspicuously elevated into a broad transverse ridge bearing a row
of seven sharp, brownish, short, longitudinal carinse ; a Y-shaped impression beneath.

Nymphula badiusalis Walker.
Cymoriza badiusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xix, 955, 1859.
Oligostigma curviferalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1331, 1865.
Oligostigma albalis Robinson, Ann. N. Y. Lye. nat. hist., ix, 153, 1869.
Oligostigma albalis Grote, New ch. list. No. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Hydrocampa albalis Fernald, Smith list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4170, 1891.
Paraponyx albalis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. lab. nat. hist., iv, 173, 1895.
Nymphula badiusalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 142, 1897.
Nymphula badiusalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4492, 1903.

$ . Inner margin long, outer convjex, not oblique. White ; a marginal yellow
band on both wings finely edged with fuscous. On fore wing a fuscous submarginal
band ; a discal ringlet with yellow spot below ; a costal bar beyond, joining the ringle
and continued inwards and over submedian interspace to margin. Hind wing with
two nearly straight fuscous bands. Below the markings repeated faintly. Expanse,
15 mm.

9 • The fore wings are more pointed than the male, the outer margin more
oblique. The markings do not differ. Expanse, 22 mm.

Canada (Walker); N. Y., Pa. (Robinson); No. 111. and So.
Wis., June 19, August 3, 4, 9, 30, September 5, 6, 30 (Hart).

1 tf (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; 1 ^ , Ya., September 16, 1880
(U. S. Dept. Agr.); 1 J1, 111., August 6 (Bolter); 4 J1, 2 9,
Washington, D. C, June 13, 1883, June and July, 1899, August 4,

June, 1906.] Dyar: Nymphulinje AND SCOPARIIN/E 83

1879, August 25 (Pergande, Koebele, Busck, Caudell); i 9> Ohio
(W. C. Metz); i J1, Aurora, W. Va., August 30, 1904 (O. Heide-
mann); 4 rf, 6 9> Rhinebeck, N. Y., August 1885, July 27, 1S87,
July 8, 30, 1888, Ulster Co., N. Y., September 6, 1887, July 2, 16,
1888 (H.G. Dyar).

The larva appears to be undescribed. Hart remarks that it is
" doubtless very close to " that of the preceding species. The adult
is common throughout the Atlantic states and Mississippi valley, flying

over water.

Nymphula obliterans Walker.
Fsopteryx ? obliteralis ^NaWer, Cat. Brit. Mus. , xvii, 399, 1859.
Paraponyx obscuralis Moschler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 432, 1872.
Hydrocampa proprialis Fernald, Ent. Amer., iv, 37, 1888.
Hydrocampa oblileialis Fernald, Smith List Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4167, 1891.
Hydrocampa obliteralis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. lab. nat. hist., iv, 176, PL II, figs. 7-12,

1895.
Nymphula obliteralis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 141, 1S97.
Nymphula obliteralis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4496, 1903.

$ . All obscured, blackish or brown. Discal dot small, white, surrounded by a
white line, which may expand into a cloud, touching costa ; a faint lighter line across
middle of wing and a subbasal dilution. Hind wing blackish brown with a faint
mesial white line. Lighter specimens approach the female more closely in mark-
ings. Expanse 13 mm.

0 . Lighter, the marks less obscured. The ground color is overspread with
blackish and ocherous ; a subbasal dark line edged with white without ; a median
shade, black, edged with white without, expanded below, sending a black shade
about the large white reniform discal spot ; a subterminal black shade. Hind wing
with the mesial lines pale, joining at the anal angle, enclosing a pale discal mark on
a dark ground, or nearly completely overspread with brown. Expanse 28 mm.

Fla., Tex. (Fernald); 111. (Hart).

1 r^, 1 $ " from aquatic larva on water lilies" Florida, March,
1888, no. 4261 (U. S. Dept. Agriculture) ; 1 J1, Texas (Boll) ; 2 J\
Victoria, Texas (E. A. Schwarz) ; 1^,1 9> Somerville, S. C,
April, 1899 (R. Ottolengui) ; 1 9, Palm Beach, Fla., February 4,
1900 (H. G. Dyar) ; 1 (j1, 2 9, Rhinebeck, N. Y., August 9,
1887, July 26, August 18, 1888 (H. G. Dyar); 1 9, West Palm
Beach, Fla. (Dyar & Caudell) ; 2 $, Green Cove Springs, Fla.,
March (Dyar &: Caudell) ; 1 J1, 3 9, St. Louis, Mo., July 14,
August 28, September 25, 1904 (H. McElhose) ; 3 9> Los Angeles,
Cal. (D. W. Coquillett) ; 1 9, Fla. (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald);
1 9> Texas, labelled "Hydrocampa gym lis Hulst, type" in Dr.
Hulst's writing (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; 1 9, Claremont, Cal.
(C. F. Baker).

84 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

The larva has been well described and figured by Hart. He says
that the favorite home of the species is among the floating leaves of
Potamogeton nutans. The amber-colored eggs are laid in a long band
just within the margin, on the lower surface, of some broad floating
leaf. They are closely placed in a single layer, in rows running
parallel to the margin, the band being about 3 mm. wide and includ-
ing usually five or six rows of eggs. The band is usually an inch or
two long. The single egg is oval, flattened, one surface broadly
gummed to the leaf, the other finely longitudinally wrinkled, a longi-
tudinal elevated ridge at middle. Length .6 mm., width .4 mm.
Young larvae were obtained in July. The next day they had cut
out minute oval disks from the leaf and webbed these to its
lower surface. When a little older the larva cuts loose the
portion of leaf surface to which it has attached its shelter and is
thereafter found travelling about in a lens-shaped case. In larger
cases the posterior end is narrowed. Full grown larvae occurred in
August, but larvae could be found all Summer to October. The ima-
goes likewise occurred all the season, becoming commoner, most
abundant in August and September. The method of hibernation is
not stated. The young larva does not differ markedly from the
mature one. Mr. Hart says that in the first stage the setae are more
conspicuous and the ocelli are closely approximate, the lower three in
a solid oblong dash.

Larva. Head rather small, light brownish yellow, sutures narrowly darker,
bordered on each side with whitish ; a lateral brown stripe from base of bead nearly
to ocelli; ocelli five, their pigment spots large and confluent. Body subcylindrical,
dirty whitish; cervical shield semicircular, bisected; tubercles of thorax indicated
by dark rings, abdominal ones indistinct ; spiracles of anterior abdominal segments
more distinct, remaining ones minute and inconspicuous ; ninth abdominal segment
above broadly retuse, tenth feebly impressed above at middle. Abdominal feet very
short, the hook-bearing area narrow, with two rows of light-colored hooks. No fila-
mentous gills, but aquatic in habit.

Pupa. Rather rapidly narrowed behind, smooth, pale yellowish, wings and
head darker. Head with two small dehiscent black spine-like porrect setae on the
vertex. Spiracles of segments 2 to 4 round, elevated, reddish brown, with a pale
center and blackish ring ; very large, the anterior pair much smaller. Ventral sheath
reaching the seventh abdominal segment ; ninth with a sharp tooth each side above
lateral margin ; the last two segments grooved and impressed below.

Nymphula nomophilalis, new species.

Wings elongate, narrow, recalling Nomophila iioctnella D. & S. Fore wing
dark brown with a bronzy reflection, uniform in the female, lightened in two patches

June, 1906.] DVAR : XvM l'HULIX.K AND SCOPARIIX.K 85

in the male, over middle of cell and beyond discal dot; two discal dots and outer and
inner lines indicated in plumbeous scales, the latter excurved over cell, simple in the
female, indicated by a white costal line in the male just beyond the light discal patch ;
a subterminal band of scattered plumbeous scales. Hind wing gray-brown, three
black patches on inner margin, two faint submarginal whitish lines, most distinct
before anal angle. Fore wings below unmarked, gray-brown ; hind wing gray-brown
with the outer lines repeated. Expanse, 20 to 22 mm.

i CJ\ 2 Q, Hastings, Fla., April (W. D. Kearfott); 3 O, Char-
lotte Harbor, Fla., March, Lake Worth, Fla. (Mrs. Slosson) and
Texas, March (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald); 1 Q, Cocoanut Grove,
Fla. (E. A. Schwarz).

Type No. 9493, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Nymphula gyralis Hulst.
Hydrocampa gyralis Hulst, Trans. Am. ent. soc, xiii, 159, 1886.
Hydrocampa gyralis Fernald, Smith list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4172, 1891.
Hydrocampa gyralis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. lab. nat. hist., iv, 175, 1895.
Nymphula dentilinea Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 139, 1897.
Nymphula gyralis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4489, 1903.

$ . Wing shape the same as the female. Fore wings with the ground over-
washed with ocherous and gray or entirely gray, leaving narrow white edges to the
markings. Discal dot large, reniform, white, edged with black without ; a black
triangle with white mark without on middle of costa and spot opposite it on internal
margin, both white-edged ; a small spot cut by white subapically, in well-marked
specimens joined to the outer edge of reniform and beneath it to the middle costal
spot, a fine white line being continuous, though broken in pale specimens ; a black
subbasal toothed line : a terminal white line, touching margin at middle, produced
inward between the veins, diffused. Hind wing nearly white, a little ocherous
shaded ; central lines white, diverging mesially, edged within with gray and enclos-
ing a white discal space and a smaller one near margin ; a white terminal space, fol-
lowed by a dark line. Markings not sharply defined, varying to subobsolete. Ex-
panse, 17 to 21 mm.

9 . Fore wings suffused and obscured, unicolorous, only slight traces of the
markings persistent. Sordid ocherous, brown-gray or dark cinereous, 'very variable in
color. Hind wings as in the male but more faintly marked, in white and pale gray
only. Expanse, iS to 24 mm.

Professor Fernald has sent me a specimen purporting to be one of
Hulst's types of gyralis, but it is a 9 °f -N. obliteralis Walk, from
Texas, a locality not mentioned by Hulst in his original description,
and it is obviously a spurious type. The sexes are strongly dimor-
phic. Hart correctly identifies the female, of which I have many,
taken in company with normal males.

86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Georgia, Florida (Hulst.); Urbana, 111., June 17, July 19, Au-
gust 24 (Hart); Florida (Hampson).

1 9, Mass. (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; 1 tf, 1 Q, Miami, Fla.,
(Mrs. Slosson); 1 rf, no. 264, labelled " Hydrocampa gyralis Hulst,
homotype " in Prof. Fernald's writing (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ;
4 $, 1 9> Miami, Fla. (W. Barnes); 2 $, 2 9> Cocoanut Grove,
Fla. (E. A. Schvvarz); 1 Q, Crescent City, Fla., on blue water lily
(11. G. Hubbard) ; 1 $, Palm Beach, Fla., February 16, 1900 ( H.
G. Dyar); 1 $, St. Louis, Mo., September 8, 1904 (H. McElhose);
1 9> Weekapaug, R. I., August 29, 1904 (H. G. Dyar) ; 11 ,-J1, 9
9, Big Tupper Fake, N. Y., August 26, 1905 (H. G. Dyar).

The larva appears to be undescribed. The adults occurred to me
at Tupper Lake, N. Y., flying on the leaves of water lilies in company
with N. maculalis Clem. They had evidently bred there as undevel-
oped specimens were seen on the leaves. Larvae occurred on the
plants in cases made of pieces of leaf, attached either to the leaf or
lower down on the gelatinous stem. The larvae were abundantly sup-
plied with tracheal filaments as Hart describes for Nymphula obscur-
alis Grote; but it proved impossible to breed them as they hibernated
in the water as larvae ,/£o I do not know to which species they belong.

Nymphula nebulosalis Fernald.
Hydrocampa nebulosalis Fernald, Ent. Amer., lii, 127, 1887.
Hydrocampa nebulosalis Fernald, Smith list. Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4173, 1891.
Nymphula nebulosalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4488, 1903.

Fore wing rather bright ocherous yellow, the markings black, edged with white.
The markings are as in N. gyralis Hulst, but more diffused and partly lost in a brown
shade that overspreads the terminal and central parts, leaving a broad yellow area
without the discal mark; this mark is narrow, lunate; subterminal line retreating
from the margin below, sometimes interrupted. Hind wing white in the middle, the
base and a large discal mark yellow; mesial lines black, separating centrally to
enclose the discal yellow patch ; a broad yellow or fuscous yellow subterminal band ;
termen yellow with black line within. Legs spotted with white and fuscous yellow,
Expanse, 1 5 to 18 mm.

This species is allied to JV. gyralis Hulst, but the sexes are alike.
It is even more nearly related to Ar. icciusalis, Walk., from which it
differs only in being smaller and darker, the marks overspread with
brown.

Florida (Fernald).

2 9, Fla. (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald); 1 J\ Fla. (coll. U. S.

June, 1906.] DYAR : NVMPHULIN/E AND SCOPARIINjE 87

Nat. Mus.); 1^,1$, Hastings, Fla., May (G. D. Hulst); 4 Q,
Hastings, Fla., April (W. D. Kearfott).
Nothing is known of the life history.

Nymphula icciusalis Walker.
Leucochroma icciusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xix, 971, 1859.
Leucochroma faulalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xix, 973, 1859.
Hydrocampa ? formosalis Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., xii, 217, i860.
Hydrocampa genuialis Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, 451, 1863.
Hydrocampa genuinalis Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., vii, pi. 18, f. 2, 1863.
Hydrocampa pacalis Grote, Papilio, i, 17, 1881.

Hydrocampa formosalis Grote, New Ch. List No. Am. Moths, 54, 1882.
Hydrocampa formosalis Packard, Amer. Nat., xviii, 824, 1884.
Hydrocampa icciusalis Fernald, Smith List Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4174, 1891.
Hydrocampa icciusalis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist., iv, 176, 1895.
Nymphula icciusalis Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 139, 1897.
Nymphula icciusalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4487, 1903.

Wings white, marked between the lines with defined areas of ocherous yellow
or ocherous brown ; discal mark defined without by a black line ; a black line for
costal triangle ; a black ring for the mark on inner margin ; a black subterminal line,
retreating below the middle ; fringes spotted with black. Hind wing with the cen-
tral black lines diverging in the middle, enclosing a yellow discal patch ; subterminal
line fine, irregular. Expanse 15 to 23 mm.

The sexes are alike. The markings are as in N. gyralis Hulstand
N. nebusosalis Fernald, but well denned, the dark patches white cen-
tered and only the outlines black.

Lake Teedyuscong, Pike Co., Pa. (Clemens); Providence, R. I.
(Packard); New York (Grote) ; Urbana, 111., May 19, 31, June 3,
15, 26, July 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 28, August 2, 17, 24; Lake Geneva,
Wis., September 3 (Hart).

3 cT» 5 9. Fla-> Pa-> Grono, Maine (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald);
3 rf, 8 9, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ohio (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); 1
rj^ from P. C. Zeller labelled " Hydrocampa genuinalis Led." ; 2 $ ,
2 Cj>> nos- 8338, 15812, 15813 and " dugway " June 25, 1859 (coll.
Asa Fitch) ; 6 9, Rhinebeck, N. Y., June 10, 11, 15, July 30, 1888
(H. G. Dyar); 1 J\ Sandusky, Ohio, July 7, 1903 (W. C. Metz); 8
rj", 12 Q , Center Harbor, N. H., July 10, 1902 (H. G. Dyar).

The larva has been nominally figured by Dr. Packard. Hart men-
tions it as probably allied to that of JV. obliteralis Walk. The adults
fly in grass near or on the shore, not out on the water or even over
the water, being easily reached with the net from dry ground. The

88 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

larvre probably feed on water grasses rather than lilies. Dr. Packard
figures a larva without tracheal filaments and gives a number of details,
which it is scarcely worth while to reproduce here as his larva was not
bred and may not belong to this species.

Nymphula ekthlipsis Grote.
Hydrocampa ektlilipsis Grote, Can. ent., viii, in, 1876.
Hydrocampa ekthlipsis Grote, New ch. list, No. Am. moths, 54. 1SS2.
Hydrocampa ekthlipsis Fernald, Smith list, Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4175, 1S91.
Hydrocampa ekthlipsis Hart, Bull. 111. Sta. lab. nat. his., iv, 176, 1895.
Nymphula ekthlipsis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 139, 1897.
Nymphula ekthlipsis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4490, 1 903.

Body white, the thorax spotted with black, the abdominal segments banded.
Wings ocherous yellow ; a subbasal white band edged with black ; a small white dot
in cell, black-edged ; a white triangle on costa opposite to, and sometimes confluent
with a round mark on inner margin, black-edged ; discal spot large, round, joined to
costa, black-edged ; subterminal line white, lunate within, black-edged without ; fringes
spotted. Hind-wing white, black central lines remote and rather straightened, the
inner with a yellow basal edge ; discal mark reniform, yellow, black-edged, subdi-
vided ; beyond outer line a yellow area terminated in a dentate black line ; margin
yellow, edged with black lines. Expanse, 20 to 25 nun.

The species is allied to N. icciusalis Walk., but the markings are
further modified in the same direction and are more ornate and dis-
tinct. The sexes are alike.

Albany, N. Y. (Grote); Champaign, 111., July 5 (Hart).

1 9> Amherst, Mass., " homotype " (C. H. Fernald) ; 1 Q,
W'estern Manitoba (A. W . Hanham) ; 15 J1, 18 O, Center Harbor,
N. H., June 23, 25, 1902 (H. G. Dyar).

The larva is unknown. I took the adults commonly flying over

water in reeds at the shore of the lake in company with N. icciusalis

Walk. , but further out, so that they could not be reached from dry

ground.

Genus OLIGOSTIGMA Guenee.

Oligostigma Guenee, Spec. Gen., viii, 260, 1854.
Oligostigma Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 167, 1897.

Palpi upturned, the second joint moderately fringed with hair in front and
reaching vertex of head, the third well developed and acuminate ; maxillary palpi
long and dilated with scales at extremity; frons rounded; antenna- of male usually
annulated ; ocelli rarely prominent ; legs long, the tibia smooth, with the spurs almost
equal. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 7 straight and well sepa-
rated from 8, 9, 10. Hind wing with the cell about half the length of the wing;
veins 3, 4, 5 from angle; 6, 7 from upper angle; 7 strongly anastomosing with 8;
the outer margin excised below apex, then lobed (Hampson).

June, 1906.] DYAR : NYMPHULIN7E AND SCOPARIIN^E 89

Synopsis of Species.

Outer margin of hind wings with a slight subapical indentation seminealis.

Outer margin of hind wing distinctly indented subapically, crenulate vittatalis.

Oligostigma seminealis Walker.

Oligostigtna seminealis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xvii, 430, 1859.

Eustales tedyusconga lis Clemens, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., xii, 216, i860.

Paraponyx tedyusconga lis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 64, 1882.

Oligostigma semineale Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 167, 1897.

Oligostigtna juncealis Fernald (not Guenee), Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4502,

1903.

$ . Fore wing fuscous, shaded with ocherous ; a white outer band bent at
right angles inward in submedian space, becoming obscure on inner part ; a faint black
discal mark and median shade ; a narrow white submarginal line with a black hair-
line without ; margin fulvous. Hind wing white ; a median straight black band ; an
outer broader band separated from the fuscous margin by a narrow white line, partly
replaced by fulvous at apex and center of outer margin. Small black spots on margin
with minute pupils. Below as above, slightly fainter. Expanse 18 mm.

9 . Unknown.

This species has been erroneously referred in our lists to O. jun-
cealis Guen. from South America. The two species are really distinct.
I have a fine series of the true juncealis from Brazil and the Guianas
(W. Schaus).

Lake Teedyuscong, Pike Co., Pa. (Clemens).

1 <jP, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. (E. A. Schwarz).

Oligostigma vittatalis, new species.
Body brown with whitish on sides of thorax and abdominal rings. Fore wings
silvery white ; basal third dark brown, cut by a white subbasal line and one just at
edge, cutting off a linear dark inner line ; outer line linear, dark, curved to below
cell, then straight to margin, the curve to costa filled in with dark over the discal
mark, which shows obscurely as two parallel darker lines. A broad subterminal
shade, separated by white from the outer line and terminal dark shade, the latter
narrow, sinuous; fringe spotted black and white with a black basal line. Hind wing
marked in the same manner, the outer line a little less decidedly bent, the terminal
shade enclosing faint orange shading at the margin. Expanse, 14 to 18 mm.

2 (j \ Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. Slosson) ; Hastings, Fla., April
(VV. D. Kearfott),

Type no. 9496, U. S. Nat. Mus.

The species resembles in appearance Diasemia ramburialis Dup.

Genus AMBIA Walker.

Ambia Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xix, 957, 1859.

Opistheideicta Warren, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), v, 478, 1890.

90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Oligernh Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 470, 1894.
Lcucogephyra Warren, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xviii, 219, 1896.
Ambia Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 159, 1897.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head and nearly naked, the
third long and acuminate ; maxillary palpi filiform and of moderate length ; frons
rounded ; legs of moderate length, the spurs long and equal. Fore wing with the
apex slightly produced, the outer margin somewhat excised below apex ; veins 3, 4,
5 usually from angle of cell ; 7 straight and well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind
wing with the apex produced, the outer margin somewhat excised below apex and
with two excisions towards anal angle ; the inner margin very short ; veins 3, 4
from angle of cell ; 5 usually from somewhat above angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle
(Hampson).

Ambia striatalis, new species.

Shining white ; all the interspaces of both wings from middle to margin broadly
streaked with brown. Fore wing subfalcate at apex, margin crenulate ; hind wing
sharply crenulate, excavate opposite cell and at anal angle. Fore wing brown at
base, the disk white, confusedly shaded in dull ocher ; a white line from costa at outer
fourth, bent in below cell and reaching margin at middle, obscured by a brown shade,
the space beyond streaked in brown. Hind wing white at base ; a mesial brown
band, enclosing near its edges on each side a white line, the outer of which is round-
edly waved ; space beyond to margin brown streaked. Expanse, 18 to 20 mm.

i $, iQ, Charlotte Harbor, Fla. , March (Mrs. Slosson).
The types are in the collection of Prof. C. H. Fernald.

Genus ELOPHILA Hiibner.
Elophila Hiibner, Tentamen, 2, 1806.
Cataclysta Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 363, 1827.
Chrysendcton Grote, Pap., i, 16, 1881.
Anydraula Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Fond., 427, 1885.
Cataclysta Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Fond., 147, 1897.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head and slightly fringed
with hair in front, the 3d long and acuminate ; maxillary palpi small and filiform ;
frons rounded ; antennae annulate with rings at the joints ; legs long and slender, the
spurs long and nearly equal. Forewing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 7
straight and well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle
of cell ; 6, 7 from upper angle or stalked (Hampson).

Synopsis of Species.
Hind wings without a black powdered space between disk and termen.

Both wings dark gray; hind wings with submarginal line brunnildalis.

Ground color white ; no continuous submarginal line.

Hind wings with a black costo-discal bar bifascialis.

Hind wings without such a bar drumalis.-

Hind wings with such a black powdered space.

Fore wings with the subterminal silvery bar narrowing to apex or detached ; sil-
very spots on wing rounded, separate.

June, 1906.] DYAR I NYMPHULIN^E AND SCOPARIINjE 91

An angular white spot above middle of inner margin claudialis.

This spot not present slossonalis.

Fore wing with the subterminal mark a costo-apical dash diminishing below ;
markings of confused lines.
Fore wing with defined silvery white patches, especially an angular one
above inner margin ; marginal dots of hind wings pupilled..magnificalis.
Fore wing variable but without this patch ; marginal dots of hind wing not
ocellate.
Hind wing with a white area before the marginal dots.

Small ; no yellow beyond mesial line on hind wing fulicalis.

Larger ; a yellow extra-mesial bar cronialis.

Hind wings all dark gray to the margin , .schaefferalis.

Elophila brunnildalis, new species.
Fore wings dark brown, lighter in median space and about anal angle ; no lines
visible on basal portion: inner line near middle, dark, slender, slightly waved, nar-
rowly separated from the basal dark area by a light space ; outer line at outer third,
erect, dentate, slender, dark, relieved without by a light space ; there is a faint indi-
cation of a line from its middle towards outer margin, being the remains of the out-
curve seen in onyxalis Hampson, but here almost completely obsolete ; an illy
defined pale submarginal line. Hind wings sordid gray, darker before antemesial
pale area, which limits a faint mesial dark wavy line that joins the discal ringlet ;
space beyond gray without any black scaling ; marginal black spots from apex to
middle in a gray field, with some metallic scales, edged within by a slender wavy
black line, that runs submarginally to anal angle. Expanse, 18-22 mm.

Three 9 9' Walters Station, California, April, from Mr. W. D.
Kearfott, presumably collected by G. H. Huston ; one type in the
U. S. National Museum, two in Mr. Kearfott' s collection.

Type no. 9784, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Elophila bifascialis Robinson.

Cataclysta bifascialis Robinson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. , ix, 154, 1869.
Cataclysta bifascialis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Cataclysta bifascialis Fernald, Smith, list. Lep. bor. Am., No. 4156, 1891.
Cataclysta bifascialis Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 149, 1897.
Elophila bifascialis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 4499, 1903.

Wings long and narrow ; fore wing finely powdered with black on a white
ground ; a mesial ocherous band edged with gray, cut by a white line on costal half ;
four ocher bands occupying distal third of wing, converging on tornus and separated
apically by two white wedge-shaped marks ; the subterminal one shades below into
metallic scales ; fringe gray. Hind wing white ; a terminal series of round black
spots edged with a metallic terminal line ; a costo-discal black bar, submaculate,
resting on a sordid costal area ; a discal orange mark bordered basally and outwardly
by an oblique gray bar with metallic sheen ; inner area white with a gray spot above
tornus. Expanse 12 to 18 mm.

92 Journal New York Entomological Society. lVo1 X1V-

Texas (Robinson).

4 specimens, one labelled Texas (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; 17,
Texas (Belfrage) ; Victoria, Texas, March 22, 27, 31 (E. A.
Schwarz) ; Kerville, Tex. (W. Barnes) ; Roswell, N. Mex., August
22 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Harpers Ferry, Va., August 29, 1888 (T.
Pergande) ; Plummer's Island, Md. (A. Busck).

Ab. a. The fore wings are reddish brown, obscuring the markings.

Texas.

Ab. b. The costo-discal bar of hind wings is light bluish gray, edged with black.

Texas.

Ab. c. kearfottalis, new variety. Hind wings with the black bar replaced by
two wavy black lines, filled by the white ground color ; a broken black line between
this and the outer marginal spots in three of the specimens.

3, Phcenix, Arizona, May (R. E. Kunze) ; 1, without label (coll.
W. D. Kearfott).

Type no. 9637, U. S. Nat. Mus.

I have seen no reference to the larva of this species.

Elophila drumalis, new species.

Silvery white ; fore wings shaded with pale ocher, leaving two outer lines which
converge toward tornus ; a broad inner yellowish band. Hind wing with a pale
yellow inner spot and a discal one ; outer margin with the black spots diffused,
separated by metallic scales, duplicated within by a series of short black lines.
Expanse 10 mm.

i 9> Fort Drum, Florida (U. S. Dept. Agr.).
Type no. 9491, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Elophila claudialis Walker.

Cataclysta claudialis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xvii, 437, 1859.
Cataclysta medicinalis Grote, Pap., i, 15, 1881.

Chrysendeton medicinalis Grote, new ch. list No. Am. moths, 54, [882.
Chrysendeton claudialis Fernald, Smith list Lep. bor. Am., no. 4153, 1891.
Chrysendeton claudialis Hart, bull. 111. Sta. lab. nat. hist., iv, 174, 1895.
Cataclysta medicinalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 149, 1897.
Cataclysta claudialis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 151, 1897.
Elophila claudialis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4498, 1903.

Fore wings brown-gray ; a white subbasal band narrowed to costa ; a rounded,
triangular white patch in centre of wing ; an oblique mark from outer third of costa ;
a subterminal white line, not attaining anal margin angle; a terminal yellow line.
Hind wing white ; a mesial brown-gray band narrow centrally, subfurcate on costa ;
containing a small ocherous space ; disk powdered with black scales ; a terminal row
of round black spots with some metallic scales, set in a yellow margin. Expanse II,
to 13 mm.

June, 1906.I DYAR I NYMPHULINJE AND SCOPARIIN^E 93

"United States" (Walker); Carbondale, 111. (Grote); Cham-
paign, 111., June 21 (Hart).

9 specimens, Central Mo., Fla. (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald); 3,
North Carolina (Morrison); Tryon, N. C. (W. F. Fiske); 2, Wash-
ington, D. C. (coll. C. V. Riley); 2, D. C, July 1 (A. Busck);
Hastings, Fla., June (G. D. Hulst); Fort Drum, Fla. (U. S. Dept.
Agr.); Pittsburgh, Pa., July 8, 1905 (H. Engel).

Ab. a. Smaller and darker, the white marks reduced in size, the outer oblique
mark narrow or absent.

Hastings, Fla.

The larva is undescribed.

Elophila slossonalis, new species.
Fore wing brown-gray ; a broad straight subbasal band, white or light brown
suffused ; an outer fine pale line, oblique from costa ; sharply angled inward, then
oblique again to inner margin near tornus ; subterminal band straight, white above,
metallic below ; terminal space faintly orange. Hindwing whitish, a dark clouded
mesial band containing an orange discal mark ; disk powdered with black scales ;
terminal black spots separated by metallic scales, set in a faintly orange terminal
area. Expanse, 13 mm.

This is not improbably E. guenealis Snellen (Paraponyx guenealis
Snellen, Tidj. voor Ent., xviii, 260, 1875) described in an article on
the Pyralidae of New Grenada, St. Thomas and Jamaica ; but the
white band is quite obscured in Snellen's figure and there are a num-
ber of differences in detail. I prefer therefore, to hold our form
separate, at least until the receipt of specimens from the West Indies.
4 specimens, Charlotte Harbor, Florida, March (Mrs. Slosson) ;
Glenwood, Fla. (Dr. Barnes), all from Prof. C. H. Fernald's col-
lection.

Elophila magnificalis Hiibner.
Pyralis magnificalis Hiibner, Eur. Schmett., vi Horde, die Ziinsler, 18, 1776, PI.

16, f. 104, 1796.
Cataclysta lamialis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xvii, 436, 1859.
Cataclysta ? heliopalis Clemens, P>x>c. Acad. nat. sci. Phil., xii, 218, i860.
Chrysendeton heliopalis Grote, New ch. list no. Am. moths, 54, 1882.
Chrysendeton lamialis Fernald, Smith list Lep. bor. Am., no. 4154, 1891.
Cataclysta magnificalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 149, 1897.
Elophila magnificalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Mat. Mus., no. 4497, 1903.

Ground color of wings silvery white with gray-brown lines ; a subcostal streak
to three fourths ; a faint inner line closely followed by a distinct one that sends a bar
in cell to the very irregular outer line ; this starts on costa at end of subcostal bar,

94 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

runs obliquely nearly to tornus, then returns to discal dot, bends again to an angle on
vein \c and ends on middle of inner margin; a gray line from eosta before apex to
middle of outer margin ; a subterminal gray line ; termen pale ocherous ; an ocherous
line from tornus into the loop of outer line, edged with gray. Hind wings with inner
and outer mesial gray lines ; disk strigose dotted with black ; terminal black spots
large, metallic pupilled, set in a pale ocherous field. Expanse, 23 mm.

"England" (Hiibner) [an error] ; " United States " (Walker);
Lake Teedyuscong, Pike Co., Pa. (Clemens).

4 specimens, Amherst, Mass., Orono, Maine (coll. Prof. C. H.
Fernald).

The larva is unknown.

Elophila fulicalis Clemens.
Cataclysta fulicalis Clemens, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., xii, 217, i860.
Cataclysta angulatahs Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., vii, 486, 1863.
Cataclysta confusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1334, 1865.
Chryseudeton avernalis Grote, Trans. Kans. acad. sci., viii, 53, 1878.
Cataclysta fulicalis Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 54> 1882.
Cataclysta avernalis Fernald, Smith list Lep. bor. Am., no. 4157, 1891.
Cataclysta fulicalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 149, 1897.
Elophila fulicalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4500, 1903.

Fore wing gray with white lines ; two costal streaks converge toward tornus ;
two inner transverse lines, a discal spot and rounded area on middle of inner margin,
all white. Hind wings white; a mesial broad gray band ; disk powdered with dark
scales, with a fine gray line limiting this area within ; terminal black dots separated
by metallic scales in a yellow field. Expanse, 12 to 15 mm.

Marked after the pattern of E. via^ttificalis, but the white marks
reduced or obsolete, the black dots of hind wing not pupilled.

Easton, Pa. (Clemens); "North America" (Walker); New
Mexico (Grote).

20 specimens, Amherst, Mass., Chicopee, Mass. (coll. Prof. C.
H. Fernald) ; 8, Texas ; 2, Hot Springs, Arizona, cotypes of aver-
nalis Grote (coll. Fernald) ; Montclair, N. J., June 9, 1899 (W. D.
Kearfott) ; 10, N. H. (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Columbus, Ohio,
May 25 (W. C. Metz) ; Plainfield, N. J. (Mrs. F. O. Herring) ;
New Brighton, Pa., August 20, 1902 (H. D. Merrick) ; 2, New
York, nos. 2819 and " dugway " June 25, 1859 (C°U- Asa Fitch);
Victoria, Tex., March 31 (E. A. Schwarz) ; 25, Plummer's Island,
Md., June, August (A. Busck) ; Salem, Oregon, June 26, 1898 (T.
Kincaid) ; Pullman, Wash., August 9, 1898 (C. V. Piper).

Ai. a. avernalis Grote. White marks of fore wing lost except subapically, the
inner bar continued across wing as a fine flexuous line.

June,x9o6.] D\'AR : NYMPHULIN^E AND SCOPARIIN/E 95

Ab. b. White markings absent except subapically, the wing varied with blackish
lines and dottings.

Archer, Fla., March 9, 1882 (A. Koebele) ; Fla. (coll. C. H.
Fernald).

Ab. c. Larger ; orange-ocherous patches interposed between the white terminal
marks and in the discal band of hind wings. Expanse, 1 8 to 28 mm.

Shovel Mt., Texas (W. Barnes) ; Sonora, Mexico, 40 miles from
Arizona line (Morrison) ; 4, Phoenix, Ariz., April, May (coll. W.
D. Kearfott).

The larva is unknown.

Elophila cronialis Druce.
Cataclysta cronialis Druce, Biol. Cent-Am., Lep. Het, ii, 274, 1896.
Caladysta cronialis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 149, 1897.

Marked like E. fulicalis, but very much larger, the middle band of fore wings
and space between outer white lines marked with ocher. Hind wings with an ocher
bar between the basal shading and outer powdery area before the discal dot. Ex-
panse, 27 to 30 mm.

Jalapa, Mexico (Druce).

2 9, Nogales, Arizona, May; Huachuca Mts., Ariz. (Dr.

Barnes).

Elophila schaefferalis, new species.
Similar to cronialis Druce, but much darker. Head and body blackish slate
gray black and white scales mixed. Wings dark gray, black scales densely and
uniformly irrorate on a white ground. Basal area of fore wings dark ; median line
angled outward on median vein, narrowly separated from the dark basal area; outer
line narrow, dark, faint, curved from costa to tornus whence it sends an obscure loop
to just below the clouded discal ringlet ; a curved, black subapical band, widest on
costa; apex whitish; a black submarginal line, the margin sordid orange. Hind
wing without any white spaces, all solidly irrorate with black ; base dark, intensified
discally ; mesial line slender, black, curved, indented on submedian fold, running
to anal' angle ; a small outer discal dot, black, followed by white scales; marginal
black marks small, pointed, relieved by sordid orange within and separated by
metallic scales. Expanse, 27 mm.

One female, Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Arizona (C. Schaeffer).
The type is in the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute.

Genus GESHNA, new.

Palpi upturned, the third joint long and acuminate ; maxillary palpi slender
smooth, moderate; frons rounded; antenna with the shaft annulate. Fore wings
with veins 7 and 10 stalked. Hind wings with the outer margin curved, bent at a
slight angle in the middle.

Type, G. cannalis Quaint.

96 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Synopsis of Species.

Fore wings light brown with a white discal dot cannahs.

Fore wings yellowish white with complicated dark brown lines primordialis.

Geshna cannahs Quaintance.
Hydrocampa cannalis (Quaintance, Bull. 45, Fla. Exp. Sta., 68, 1S98.
Nympkula cannalis Dyar, I'roc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iv, 463, 1901.
Nymphula cannalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4494, 1903.

Entirely buff brown, a little purplish-tinted ; a quadrate white discal dot with a
black dot on inner side and cusp without ; inner line fine, black, strongly excurved
on median vein ; outer punctiform, dentate, regularly outcurved. Hind wing with a
fine dentate outer line, somewhat digitately projected on middle segment, the inner
segment sharply retracted to lie in line with the discal dot ; a fine terminal dark line
and line in fringes on both wings. Below paler ; fore wings with discal dot as above,
but more distinct and with an oblique black line below it ; outer line punctiform,
slight, bent at an angle on costa. Hind wing with discal dot and outer line, the
latter punctiformdentate, not dislocated. Expanse 18 to 24 mm.

This species probably occurs in the West Indies, but I have not as
yet seen a previous descrip'ion of it.

Florida (Quaintance).

2, Lake City, Fla., November 25, 1896 (A. L. Quaintance); 13,
Palm Beach, Fla., February and March, 1900 (H. G. Dyar) ; 2, Fla.
(coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald).

The larva has been fully described by Quaintance as the " Canna
leaf roller." He says that the larvae were injurious to Canna indica
at Lake City by rolling the leaves and eating out the parenchyma
from the inner (upper) side of the leaves. I have observed the same
injury to the wild Carina at Palm Beach.

Egg. Slightly longer than broad ; even outline, very flat ; clear whitish yellow ;
surface with irregular hexagonal lines. Size .85 X -93 nim- Laid in patches of six
to fifteen.

Stage I. Head cordate, yellow, eyes brown. Body cylindrical, slightly taper-
ing, yellowish, somewhat transparent ; abdominal feet with a single row of brownish
hooks. Tubercles normal, very small, annular; setae large and stout with slightly
swollen tips, normal (seta iib of the thorax is not shown in the figure, but should be
present; it is probably so small that the artist overlooked it), primary ones only
present, iv and v of abdomen approximate, superposed.

Stage VI. Plead cordate, yellow, clypeus yellowish brown, jaws brownish
black ; width 1 mm. Body cylindrical, tapering somewhat to the ends, yellowish
white, transparent, greenish from the contents of the alimentary canal. Abdominal
legs with a circle of stout brown hooks. Tubercles normal, subprimary ones present,
the tubercles of thorax and i to iii of abdomen expanded into large plates ; ia -|- ib,

June, 1906.] DYAR : NYMPHULIN/E AND SCOPARIIN^E 97

iia -j- "b and iv -f- v on thorax, iv and v closely approximated and superposed on
abdomen.

Pupa. Chocolate brown, abdomen somewhat lighter, cremaster eight stout,
dark brown hooks; length, II. 5 mm.

Geshna primordialis, new species.

Wings pale yellowish, more or less largely, often largely overspread with dark
brown ; lines dark brown, the inner slightly flexuous ; discal ringlet subreniform ;
outer line straight to end of cell, strongly excurved to near margin above tornus,
retreating below discal ringlet and reaching inner margin at middle. The brown
shading fills up nearly all the space between the marks, but leaves a light edge within
the inner line, beyond the outer, and before the discal ringlet. Hind wing with the
base to inner line brown; a light space in which are three irregular discal spots partly
or wholly fused to the outer line by dark shading ; terminal area broadly dark ; fringe
interlined with pale. Expanse, 12 to 15 mm.

This species is common in the Northern Atlantic states, and I can
only account for my failure to find any previous description of it, by
its great similarity to Blepharomastix stenialis Guen., which may have
caused it to be overlooked. It differs superficially from that species
only in being smaller, although it is usually much darker shaded.

N. 111. (A. Bolter); Hazelton, Pa., August 5, 1895 (W. G.
Dietz) ; 4, Essex Co. Park, N. J., June 13, 1899 (W. D. Kearfott);
2, Greenwood Lake, N. J., June 10, 1900 (W. D. Kearfott) ; Dela-
ware Co., Pa., July 1, 1900 (W. D. Kearfott) ; 21, Center Harbor,
N. H., June 24, July 9, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; 2, Quebec and Ontario
(A. W. Hanham) ; Maine (A. S. Packard) ; St. Louis, Mo., June 2,
1877 (C. V. Rdey) ; 2, St Louis, Mo., August 1 to 7, 1904 (H. A.
McElhose) ; Eufala, Alabama (C. V. Riley) ; Texas (Boll) ; 3 Lou-
isiana, Mo. (G. M. Dodge); Tryon, N. C, September 5 (W. F.
Fiske) .

Type no. 9492, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Genus DIATHRAUSTA Lederer.
Diathrausta Lederer, Wien. ent. Mon., 438, 1863.
Diathrausta Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 205, 1897.

Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, the third joint hidden by hair; maxillary palpi
dilated with scales ; frons rounded ; antenna; annulated and ciliated ; tibiae with the
outer spurs two thirds the length of the inner. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from
angle of cell ; 7 well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind wing with the cell about half
the length of the wing ; vein 4 absent ; 6, 7 from upper angle (Hampson).

Diathrausta reconditalis Walker.

Hymen ia reconditalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xix, 943, 1859.
jEdiodes minualis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1297, 1S65.

98 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Diathrausta octomaculalis Fernald, Ent. Amer., iii, 127, 1887.

Diathrausta pisusalis Fernald (not Walker), Smith list Lep. bor. Am., no. 3985,

1891.
Diathrausta reconditalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 205, 1897.
Diathrausta reconditalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4503, 1903.

Brownish black ; inner line curved, ocherous ; outer excurved over cell, sometimes
broken, ocherous; three quadrate white dots in the position of reniform, orbicular and
claviform ; fringe white, black patched at middle of margin. Hind wing with round
white discal spot ; outer line ocherous above, white towards inner angle. Expanse
15 to 18 mm.

New York (Walker) ; Pa., N. Y., Ont., July 3, 1886 (Fernald).

No. 253 (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; Watchung Mts., N. J.,
June 19, 1899 (W. D. Kearfott) ; New Brighton, Pa., September 29,
1902 (H. D. Merrick) ; New Haven, Conn. (A. H. Verrill) ; Ft.
Collins. Col., August 9, 1898 (C. P. Gillette) ; Chimney Gulch,
Golden, Col., July 15, 1904 (E. J. Oslar) ; Las Vegas Hot Springs,
New Mexico (Schwarz & Barber) ; Santa Rita Mts., Pima Co., Ari-
zona (O. C. Poling).

Genus PILETOCERA Lederer.
Piletocera Lederer, Wien. Ent. Mon., 431, 1863.
Piletocera Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 209, 1897.

Palpi upturned, the second joint moderately fringed with scales in front and
reaching vertex of head, the 3d obtuse ; maxillary palpi extremely minute ; frons
rounded ; antennae of male (in our species) normal and ciliated; tibia; with the outer
spurs two thirds the length of inner. Fore wings with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of
cell ; 7 well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind wing narrow, the cell short ; veins 3, 4,
5 from angle, 6, 7 from upper angle.

Hampson places under Piletocera eight other genera which differ
in the modifications of the male antennae. He recognizes them as
subgenera. Section VIII, in which he puts our species, has no name
and, on the usual supposition that these secondary sexual characters
are of generic value, it appears that our species is without a genus.
I am, however, retaining it in Piletoeera. This genus has the anten-
nas of male with a slight tuft and distortion at middle, the fore wing
with a small postmedial lobe on costa, the membrane distorted ; legs
naked.

Piletocera bufalis Guenee.
Stenia bufalis Guenee, Spec. Gen., viii, 245, 1854.
Botys stercoralis Moschler, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien., xxxi, 419, 1881.
Piletocera bufalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 214, 1897.

June, 1906.] DYAR : NVMPHUIJN.K AND SCOPARIIN^ 99

Stenia bufalis Druce, Biol. Cent. -Am., Lep. Het. , ii, 561, pi. 101, f. 21, 1899.

$ with a fovea in the cell, the wings slightly distorted. Dark gray-brown, lines
blackish ; inner line wavy, obscure ; discal dot a squared ringlet ; outer line dentate,
excurved over cell, edged without with whitish. Hind wing lighter, the mesial line
produced outward on central segment, faintly darker, edged without with pale ; traces
of a discal dot. Expanse, 14 to 20 mm.

Cayenne, French Guiana (Guenee) ; Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana
(Moschler) ; Panama (Druce).

4 d\ 3 9' Charlotte Harbor, Lake Worth and Miami, Fla. (Mrs.
Slosson, in coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald) ; 10 Q, Miami, Fla. ( W.
Schaus); 9 Q, Cayenne, French Guiana (W. Schaus).

Genus STENIODES Snellen.

Steniodes Snellen, Tijd. voor. Ent., xviii, 244, 1875.

Stenia Hampson (in part), Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 206, 1897.

Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, the third joint hidden by hair \ maxillary palpi
dilated at extremity ; frons rounded ; antenna of male thickened and bearing a tuft
of hair at one fourth from base ; fore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4,
5 from angle ; 7 straight and well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind wing with the cell
about half the length of the wing ; vein 3 from before angle ; 4, 5 approximated for
a short distance ; 6, 7 from upper angle.

Steniodes gelliasalis Walker.

Botys gelliasalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. , xix, 988, 1859.
Steniodes lutealis Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent., xviii, 245, 1875.
Stenia gelliasalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 207, 1897.

Of the color and markings of Piletocera bufalis Guen., and easily confused there-
with. The palpi are straight and porrect and white on the lower half, while in bufalis
they are curved, though short, and are dark below. Wings squarer and more trigonate
than in bufalis, the lines a little more delicate and less contrasted. Hind wing
nearly uniformly dark, the marks obliterate. Expanse, 13 to 15 mm.

Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Walker) ; West Indies (Snellen).

1 9> Lake Worth, Florida (Mrs. Slosson) ; 1 §, Jamaica (W.
Schaus) ; 1 9> Grenada, B. W. I. (W. Schaus) ; 1 9» Brownsville,
Texas, Los Borregos, June 5, 1904 (H. S. Barber).

Subfamily Scopariin,*:.
Proboscis present ; palpi porrect and hairy, the maxillary palpi dilated with long
hairs. Fore wings with more or less developed tufts of raised scales in the cell ; vein
7 from cell, 10 from cell. Hind wing with the median nervure non-pectinate.

Genus SCOPARIA Haworth.

Scoparia Haworth, Lep. Brit., 491, 1803.
Eudorea Curtis, Brit. Ent., vi, 170, 1825.

100 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

Lissophanes Warren, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) viii, 67, 18.
Scoparia Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 229, 1897.

Palpi porrect ; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ; front flat ; antennce minutely
ciliated ; tibia? with the outer spurs about two thirds the length of the inner. Fore
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell, 4, 5, from angle, 7 well separated from
8, 9, to which IO is approximated towards origin. Hind wing with 3 from before
angle of cell, 4, 5 from angle or stalked, 6, 7 shortly stalked.

The larvae are all unknown.

Synopsis of Species.
Outer line straight, at least not excurved mesially.

Dark gray rectilinea.

Pale, almost white expallidalis .

Outer line excurved over discal nervules.
Inner line arcuate.

Large species, expanse over 25 mm.

Subterminal line obsolete or as a limit to the lighter terminal area only.

9 darkly shaded, marks obscured centuriella.

9 light gray, marks distinct normalis.

Subterminal line defined, yellowish, sinuate delphusa.

Small species, expanse less than 25 mm.

Wing dark brown -gray, lines pale, faint penumbralis.-

Markings relieved, lines in part black.

Wing with a broad contrasting pale median space.

( >uter line nearer reniform than margin cinereomedia.

Outer line nearer margin than reniform schwarzalis.-

Median space, if pale, not contrasted, general effect unicolorous.

Spots all short black streaks strigalis.-

Spots, at least in part, annular or cuspiform.

Orbicular and reniform united by a longitudinal bar or

ellipse lugubralis.

Stigmata separate.

Larger ; outer line sharply and widely outcurved for

half its length tricoloralis.

Smaller ; outer line slightly and irregularly outcurved

in the middle basalis.

Inner line straight, strongly oblique torniplagalis.

Scoparia rectilinea Zeller.
Scoparia rectilinea Zeller, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., xxiv, 427, 1874.
Scoparia refugalis Hulst, Trans. Am. ent. soc, xiii, 148, 18816.
Scoparia refugalis Fernald, Smith's list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4130, 1891.
Scoparia rectilinea Fernald, Smith's list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 413 1, 1 891.
Scoparia rectilinea Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia rectilinea Dyar, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., xxvii, 918, 1904.

lune, 1906 ] Dyar : Nymphulinte and Scopariix.f. 101

Dark gray ; inner line curved, narrowly black with pale inner edge, fused to the
linear small black claviform ; orbicular a small obscure ellipse ; reniform two black
cusps joined by a bar; outer line black, straight, bent inward a little below costa ;
terminal space black, cut by a diffused gray subterminal line, bent in the middle ; a
row of terminal black dots. Hind wings gray with faint submarginal pale line.
Expanse, 1 7-20 mm.

Vancouver Is. (Zeller) ; California (Hulst).

1, labelled " Scoparia refugalis Hulst, homotype " (Coll. Prof. C.
H. Fernald); 175, Kaslo, B. C, July, August (H. G. Dyar) ; 1,
Shawnigan Lake, B. C, August 29 (H. G. Dyar) ; 1, Los Angeles,
Cal. (D. VV. Coquillett) ; Wellington, B. C. (G. W. Taylor); 27,
San Louis Obispo, Cal. (A. H. Vatchell, in coll. W. D. Kearfott).

Scoparia expallidalis, new species.

Fore wings very pale gray, nearly white, thin and delicate ; inner line faint
curved, pale brown, attached to the small, black, linear claviform ; orbicular a brown
ringlet ; reniform of two cusps with a bar below ; outer line narrow, dark and
straight, without excurve, separated narrowly from a brown shade that runs to margin,
cut only by the white subterminal line, which is incurved at middle ; fringe maculate.
Hind wings subpellucid white, gray tinted, relieving a white submarginal band faintly.
Expanse, 20 mm.

6, Verdi, Nevada, June 10, 20, 30 (A. H. Vatchell, in coll. W.
D. Kearfott).

Type no. 9633, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia centuriella Schiffermiller.

Tinea centuriella Schiffermiller, Syst. Verz. Wien., 319, 1776.

Eudorea borealis Lefebvre, Ann. ent. soc. Fr., 400, 1836.

Eudorea muneralis Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapl., 971, 1840.

Phycis quadratella Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapl., 997, 1840.

Hypena c<ecalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xvi, 36, 1858.

Scopula caliginosalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1460, 1865.

Scoparia centuriella Grote, New ch. list Am. moths, 52, 1882.

Scoparia ninguidalis Hulst, Trans. Am. ent. soc, xiii, 147, 1S86.

Scoparia centuriella Fernald, Smith's list Lep. Bor. Am., no. 4127, 1891.

Scoparia albisinuatella Fernald (not Packard), Smith's list Lep. Bor. Am., no.

4129^, 1 89 1.
Scoparia centuriella Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia frigidella Hampson (not Packard), Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia albisinuatella Hampson (not Packard), Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia centuriella Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., ii, no. 946, 1901.
Scoparia centuriella Dyar, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., ii, 498, 1900.
Scoparia centuriella Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4510, 1903.

102 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Scoparia centuriella Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 918, 1904.

$ . Light ashen gray to dark blackish gray, usually pale ; lines dark, diffused,
the outer excurved over cell, the inner dark, often indented on the costa, the outer
pale edged ; a black linear claviform ; narrowly elliptical or linear orbicular, quad-
rate suffused, reniform, hour glass shaped or of two opposed cusps ; a dark shade
subapically and above tornus. Hind wing sordid, dark along the margin. Expanse,
29-32 nun.

9 . Darker, the marks obscured or nearly entirely obsolete, the lines and reni-
form longest persistent. Expanse, 29-33 nim.

Northern Europe to the Arctic regions ; Nova Scotia (Walker) ;
Arizona (Hulst).

3^,1 9' Orono, Maine, Amherst, Mass (C. H. Fernald) ; 1
9, Arizona, labelled "Scoparia ninguidalis Hulst, type" (Coll. Prof.
C. H. Fernald) ; 3, Montana (through C. V. Riley) ; 12, Popof Is.,
Alaska, July, 1899 (Harriman expedition) ; 26, Kaslo, B. C, June,
July, August (H. G. Dyar) ; 1, New York (C. V. Riley) ; 1, Platts-
burgh, N. Y., June 21, 1888 (H. G. Dyar) ; 6, Southern Utah, July,
1900 (O. C. Poling) ; 1, Glenwood Springs, Col., July (W. Barnes);
1, Pikes Peak, Col., above timber, July 21, 1901 (Dyar & Caudell).

The Western form is larger and somewhat more contrasted in
color and may be distinguished as variety ninguidalis Hulst.

Scoparia normalis Dyar.

Scoparia normalis Dyar, Ent. news, xv, 71, 1904.

Pale gray ; a black shade at base of fore wings ; inner line dark, slightly bent
at middle, thickened on costal two thirds by a broad black bar which absorbs orbicu-
lar and claviform ; reniform fused to costa by a black shade, formed of two super-
posed confluent ellipses, partly filled with black ; outer line pale, narrowly black
shaded within, bent outward slightly beyond reniform ; terminal space irregularly
black shaded, the shades succeeding the outer line on costa and inner margin and on
center of outer margin ; a row of black terminal points ; fringe dark gray with white
dashes at the ends of the veins. Hind wings soiled whitish, darkest along outer
margin. Expanse, 26 mm.

One 9, Beulah, New Mexico, 8,000 feet (T. D. A. Cockerell).
It resembles the r^ of centuriella Schiff. , but is very different from the
O of that species.

Type no. 7654, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia delphusa Druce.

Scoparia delphusa Druce, Biol. Cent. -Am., Lep. Het., ii, 279, pi. Ixiv, f. J, 1895.
Scoparia delphusa Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia delphusa Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4509, 1903.

June, 1906] DYAR: Xv.MPHULIN.B AND SCOPARIINVK 103

"Primaries pale greyish-brown, crossed by two waved white lines edged with
black on the inner side — the first near the base, the second submarginal — a dark
brown spot partly crossing the wing from the costal margin towards the base, the
fringe grey and brown ; secondaries semihyaline greyish-white, slightly shaded with
brown near the apex, the fringe greyish-white ; head, antennae, palpi and thorax pale
brown, the abdomen grey. Expanse I inch." (Druce. )

Amecameca in Morelos, Mexico City, Mex.; Quiche Mts., Totom-
capam, Guatemala (Druce). Sir George Hampson adds " Western
States," but I do not otherwise know the species from our territory,
nor have I seen a specimen.

Scoparia penumbralis, new species.

Smoky brownish gray ; lines whitish, the inner wavy, the outer slightly excurved
opposite the cell, both edged toward middle by dark narrow shades; traces of reni-
form discal dot apparently in two cusps, but much obscured ; terminal space slightly
paler ; subterminal line lost. A dusky colored and very uniform species. Expanse
12 mm.

4 from Prof. Fernald labelled 3*18 and 7, 25 and Ent. Soc. Ont.,
146 and 17, Dr. Dietz, Hazleton, Pa., June 8, 1895; 2, Montclair,
N. J., June 13, 1899 (W. D. Kearfott) ; 1, Essex Co. Park, N. J.,
June 3, 1899 (W. D. Kearfott) ; 3, Center Harbor, N. H., June 22,
1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; New Brighton, Pa., June 17, 1902 (H. D.
Merrick).

Type no. 9634, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia cinereomedia Dyar.
Scoparia cinereomedia Dyar, Ent. news, xv, 72, 1904.

Pale gray ; basal space heavily, but not continuously shaded in black as far as
the inner line ; center of wing clear gray, the outwardly placed reniform composed of
two superposed ellipses, clouded and fused to costa by black ; outer line narrow, pale,
crenulate, bent opposite reniform but not forming an arc, black edged within. Ter-
minal space shaded in black, leaving a pale space below apex and above anal angle ;
terminal black spots diffuse ; fringe white with a dark basal line. Hind wings
grayish, subpellucid. Expanse 14.5 mm.

Two specimens, New Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick.)
Type no. 7657, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia schwarzalis, new specie3.
Fore wing light gray, the extreme base dark ; a broad dark shade beyond the
pale sinuate inner line, enclosing the quadrate black reniform and oblique linear or-
bicular ; a broad space of the pale ground to outer line. Reniform of two opposed
black cusps; outer line dark, narrowly excurved at end of cell, dentate, closely fol-

104 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

lowed by a broad dark shade ; submarginal light space excised at middle by a black
mark resting on margin. Hind wings pale gray. Expanse 1 6 mm.

One J1, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., May 30, 1898 (E. A. Schwarz).
Type no. 9636, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia strigalis, new species.
Light gray, lines very obscure, darker ; outer line irregularly excurved over cell ;
a black basal dash to first line ; a long black dash for claviform ; a short black dash
for orbicular and a longer one for reniform ; two slender dashes in terminal area op-
posite the reniform dash ; a small dark apical shade. Hind wings silky gray. Ex-
panse 13-17 mm.

Grimsby, Ontario (J. Pettit) ; Delaware Co., Pa., August 17 (P.
Laurent) ; Plummer's Is., Md., July 1, 1903 (A. Busck).
Type no. 9635, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia lugubralis Walker.
Scoparia lugubralis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1498, 1865.
Scoparia nominatalis Hulst, Trans. Am. ent. soc, xiii, I48, 1886.
Scoparia nominatalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 233, 1897.
Scoparia lugubralis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 233, 1897.
Scoparia lugubralis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4504, 1903.
Scoparia nominatalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4505, 1903.
Scoparia nominatella Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 918, 1904.

Ashen gray to bluish gray, lines whitish ; inner line arcuate, edged without with
black, often strongly so, even forming a broad black band on costal half; claviform
faint, clouded or absent ; orbicular a dash, from which a line extends to reniform, or
two lines, enclosing an elliptical pale space that looks like an orbicular ; reniform of two
opposed cusps; outer line pale, rather narrowly excurved over cell, followed by a
dark shade, divided centrally; submarginal line obsolete. Hind wings subpellucid
pale grayish. Expanse 17-21 mm.

St. Martin's Falls, Hudson Bay (Walker) ; Vancouver Is., B. C.
(Hulst).

Los Angeles, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett) ; Arizona (Morrison) ;
Seattle, Wash., June 7, 1902 (T. Kincaid) ; Glenwood Springs,
Col., July 24-30 (Dr. Barnes) ; Pullman, Wash., July 26, 1898
(C. V. Piper) ; 6, Kaslo, B. C, August (J. W. Cockle, H. G.
Dyar) ; Denver, Col. (E. J. Oslar) ; Platte Canyon, Col., August
26, 1904 (E. J. Oslar) ; Wellington, B. C. (G. W. Taylor); White
Mts., N. H. (coll. Prof. C. H. Fernald).

A figure of Walker's type has been made for me by Mr. Horace
Knight through the kindness of Sir G. F. Hampson. It has a faded
yellowish look, but otherwise is a specimen of nominatalis with little

June, 1906.] DYAR : NYMPHULIN^E AND SCOPARIIN^ 105

development of the dark shades. The ordinary spots are joined by a
slender line on subcostal and median veins.

Scoparia tricoloralis Dyar.

Scoparia tricoloralis Dyar, Ent. news, xv, 72, 1904.

Scoparia tricoloralis Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 818, 1904.

Light gray, shaded with black ; a black patch at base of fore wing on costa ;
inner line pale, slightly oblique, bent a little at the middle, followed on costal two-
thirds by a heavy black band that absorbs the orbicular and claviform ; reniform
small, of two superposed black spots, followed by a large, contrasted, brown cloud ;
outer line narrow, white, narrowly dark-edged within, roundedly, evenly and strongly
bent outward beyond the reniform ; terminal space heavily black shaded, cut out-
wardly centrally by a diffuse pale arc, representing the subterminal line. Fringe
pale, black checkered at base. Hind wings blackish shaded, subpellucid along in-
ternal margin. Expanse, 19-21 mm.

4, Wellington, B. C. (Theo. Bryant) ; Kaslo, B. C. (Caudell,
Currie and Cockle) ; 4, Seattle, Wash. (O. B. Johnson) ; 1, Arrow-
head Lake, B. C. (Dr. Barnes).

Type no. 7656, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Ab. a. The ground color is less darkened, the whitish shades to the outer line
scarcely relieved ; red-brown shade absent except a little in reniform.

Denver, Col., July 29, 1904 (E. J. Oslar).

Ab. b. Median space solidly filled in dark, black basally. led-brown outwardly.

Denver, Col., August 6, 1904 (E. J. Oslar).

Scoparia basalis Walker.

Scoparia basalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1497, 1865.
Scoparia biplagalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiv, 1499, 1865.
Scoparia libella Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv, 675, 1878.
Scoparia libella Grote, New ch. list No. Am. moths, 52, 1882.
Scoparia libella Fernald, Smith's list I.ep. bor. Am., no. 4128, 1891.
Scoparia biplagalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia basalis Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 234, 1897.
Scoparia basalis Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4507, 1903.
Scoparia fernaldalis Dyar, Ent. news, xv, 72, 1904.
Scoparia femaldalis Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, 818, 1904.

Light gray ; inner line pale, gently arcuate, edged without with blackish, to
which the claviform and orbicular are attached, the whole forming an apparent dark
band on upper half, vacuolated in pale yellowish ; reniform distant, hour-glass-shaped,
filled with pale yellowish, or broken into two cusps, the yellowish often evanescent ;
outer line pale, gently and rather narrowly excurved over cell ; terminal space dark
filled, faintly cut by the pale, diffuse subterminal line, tending to become a dark tri-
angle on center of margin. Hind wing pale grayish. Expanse, II-16 mm.

106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

"North America" (Walker); St. Martin's Falls, Hudson Bay
(Walker); Maine, Massachusetts, New York (Grote).

One from Prof. C. H. Fernald labelled " Scopa.ria hbeila. Grote,
homotype " ; Plummer's Is., Md., September, 1903 (A. Busck) ;
New Brighton, Pa., June 9, 22, 1900 (H. D. Merrick) ; King and
Bartlett Lk., Maine (P. Laurent) ; North Carolina (Morrison) ; Cen-
ter Harbor, N. H., June 20, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ontario, Canada
(Dr. Fletcher) ; Virginia, September 16, 1880 (T. Pergande) ; D.
C, September 27, 1S85 ( U. S. Dept. Agriculture); Iowa (C. P.
Gillette) ; New York (Riley coll.) ; Rhinebeck, N. Y., September
4, 1S87, July 1888 (H. G. Dyar); North Mt., Pa. (P. Laurent) ;
St. Louis, Mo., August 20, 1904 (H. McElhose) ; Archer, Fla., De-
cember 3, 1882 (A. Koebele) ; Pittsburgh, Pa., June 11, 1905 (H.
Engel ) .

Ab. a. palloralis, new variety. Generally larger, paler, though not contrast-
ingly so ; the markings brown rather than black.

Arizona (Morrison); Argus Mts., Ariz., May, 1891 (A. Koe-
bele) ; Wilgus, Cochise Co., Ariz. (Dr. Barnes) ; Beulah, New
Mexico, 8,000 ft., August (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Dripping Spring,
N. Mex. (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Platte Canyon, Colorado ( E. J.
Oslar) ; Pinal Mts., Ariz., July, 1900 ( R. E. Kunze in coll. W. D.
Kearfott ) .

Type no. 9637, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Ab. b. fernaldalis Dyar. Rather larger, distinctly darker, the ground color
blackish gray, on which the markings are not strongly relieved.

194, Kaslo, B. C, June, July, August (Dyar, Currie, Caudell,
Cockle) ; Shawnigan Lk., B. C, August 30 (H. G. Dyar) ; Welling-
ton, B. C. (T. Bryant).

Type no. 7655, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Ab. c. obispalis, new variety. Small, uniformly gray, the spots blackish, dif-
fused shades without sharp marks, the outer line nearly absent.

4, San Louis Obispo, Cab, March (A. H. Vatchell, from W. D.
Kearfott).

Type no. 9638, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia torniplagalis Dyar.
Scoparia torniplagalis Dyar, Journ. N. V. ent. soc, xii, 105, 1904.

Wings narrow ; light gray, basal space slightly ocherous tinted, a black subbasal
point, incompletely connected to base ; inner line strongly oblique, whitish, slightly

June,i9o6.] DYAR : NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS 107

notched on median vein, black shaded without ; a diffuse brown shade spreads from
the black color to the disk. Reniform marked by a fine, irregular black X-mark.
Outer line narrowly excurved over cell, else nearly straight, whitish, narrowly black
edged within. A black shade at tornus and small dot opposite center of outer
margin. Hind wing pale whitish, smoky on margin. Expanse, 17 mm.

2, Seattle, Washington (O. B. Johnson) ; Rico^ Colorado (E. J.
Oslar from W. D. Kearfott).

Type no. 7886, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Scoparia atropicta Hampson.
Scoparia atropicta Hampson, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 233, 1897.
Scoparia atropicta Fernald, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4506, 1903.

Sir George Hampson has kindly sent me a figure of this species,
which shows a form unlike anything known heretofore from North
America. He says the label is " Am. Sept. 5, iv, Mus. Z. Mschl 5,
79." but adds that the locality is probably a mistake and the species
is the same as S. exhibitalis Walker from Australia. I believe this to
be correct and, with this explanation, drop the name from the Amer-
ican list.

DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF
NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS.

Bv Harrison G. Dyar, Ph.D.,
Washington, D. C.

Family PYRALID^E.
Genus SALEBRIA Zeller.
Salebria engeli, new species.

Belongs to the group pumilella Rag., annulosella Rag., nubiferella
Rag., turpidella Rag., tenebrosella Hulst, and resembles these forms,
except that the whole wing is darkly obscured with black, on the basal
half so much so as to hide the lines, while the white mark on the inner
margin is large, pure white and contrasted.

One J*, Oak Station, Pa., July 10, 1904 (sent by Mr. H. Engel).
Type no. 9787, U. S. National Museum.

Genus IMMYRLA, new.
Fore wings with 1 1 veins, hind wing with 8 veins ; $ antennae with a large tuft
at base; palpi large, upturned, hollowed to receive the pencil-tufted maxillary
palpi ; tore wing wtth subbasal scale ridge.

Differs from Salebria in the presence of the scale ridge.

108 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Immyrla nigrovittella, new species.

Uniform dark gray, the median space a shade lighter ; scale ridge narrow, deep
black, slightly oblique and not quite attaining costa ; inner line just beyond, faint,
parallel to scale ridge, scarcely waved ; discal dots confluent in a bar, dark gray ;
outer dark shading crosses the outer line, which is pale, faintly dark-edged, gently
bowed in the middle. Expanse, 20 mm.

One $, Pittsburgh, Pa., May 29, 1905 (Henry Engel).
Type no. 9786, U. S. National Museum.

Genus EURYTHMIA Ragonot.

Eurythmia yavapaella, new species.

Dark gray, the abdomen ocherous, tinted at tip. Fore wing gray, a little darker
along costa and in outer field ; lines pale, rather broad, weakly defined by dark
scales, slightly flexuous ; discal dots black, separate, distinct in one specimen, partly
absent in the other. Hind wing subpellucid whitish, gray shaded on costa and apex.

Expanse, 16 mm.

Two $, Yavapai Co., Arizona (through Mr. W. D. Kearfott).
Apparently near coloradella Hulst, but larger and more distinctly
marked.

Type no. 9858, U. S. National Museum.

Family TORTRICIIXE.

Genus EUCOSMA Hiibner.

Eucosma picicolana, new species.

Head and front of collar rusty ocherous ; thorax and abdomen light gray. Fore
wing light gray, mottled-strigose in darker; base and anterior line, broken mesial
line, outer band from costa toward tornus darker gray, angularly edged, indistinct ; a
neat round patch before tornus on inner margin of brownish black, nearly solid ; a
similarly colored band from apex, curving again to outer margin below middle, these
marks distinct. Fringe dark, as also extreme margin, white at angle. Hind wing
dark gray, indistinctly darker strigose ; fringe white. Below, fore wings dark gray
with costa whitish ; hind wings whitish, with sparse strigose blotches, thicker at
margin. Expanse, 3} mm.

One 9 > bred from a mass of pitch on the trunk of Abies lasiocarpa
at Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier, Washington, by Mr. H. E. Burke, of
the Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agriculture.

Type no. 9801, U. S. National Museum.

In the absence of a $, the species may not be correctly referred
generically.

JOURNAL

OF THE

fjjeu> W[ox\\ fgutoroiritogieal Society;

Edited by Harrison G. Dvar.

Publishes articles relating to any class of the subkingdom Arthropoda, subject
to the acceptance of the Publication Committee. Original communications in this
field are solicited.

BOOK NOTICES.

Twentieth Report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects
of the State of New York, 1904, New York State Museum, Bul-
letin 97, Entomology 24. By Ephraim Porter Felt, State
Entomologist, Albany, New York, State Education Department,
1905.

Dr. Felt's report covers 206 pages with 19 plates and an index.
A general account occupies 84 pages ; then 58 pages are devoted to
studies in Culicidae, followed by an account of the Jassidse of New
York State by Herbert Osborn, a list of the Hemiptera taken in the
Adirondack Mts. by E. P. VanDuzee and of the Lepidoptera taken at
Keene Yalley by G. F. Comstock. The plates all refer to the article
on Culicidse. The wing scales are given of several exotic species
and figures from photographs of the genitalia of 32 species, most of
which are here figured for the first time. Only a few of the species
are native to New York and are mainly widely exotic. We find the
figures most valuable and interesting, but cannot help feeling that the
place of publication is a mistake. One of the regular entomological
journals would have been more appropriate.

Dr. Felt describes a new species, Culiselsa auroides (p. 449) both
adult and larva, which he finds allied to aurifer Coq. He has kindly
loaned us his slides of this larva, which appears to us rather allied to
trivittatus Coq., as it falls next thereto in our tables. He proposes

109

110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

the name subcantans* (p. 474) for the American species heretofore
known as cantans Meig. The genitalia of our form are found to differ
from those of the European species, specimens of which Dr. Felt has
received from Dr. F. Meinert. This agrees with what we had anti-
cipated (Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 51, 1905) and we congratulate
Dr. Felt on being able to demonstrate it. We notice some discrep-
ancies between the figures of the genitalia of fitchii and abfitchii and
our own figures of these species, recently published in this Journal.
These concern the filament of the harpe, a very delicate structure, the
shape of which may be apparently altered by differences in the excel-
lence of the preparation. We think our figure of fitchii is the better,
while Dr. Felt has evidently secured a better illustration of. abfitchii
than we did.

Notes on Sonic Jamaica)! Culicidez. By M. Grabham, M.A., M.B.,
Government Medical Service, Jamaica, West Indies. Canadian
Entomologist, xxxvii, 401-41 1, 1905.

We desire to notice Dr. Grabham's paper, principally because he
has illustrated the very parts of the mosquito larvae which we want to
know about, and we are able to place nearly all the species he de-
scribes at once in our tables. But the larva? do not agree with those
that we have had (and in some cases described) under these names.
We believe that in no case is there an agreement. Dr. Grabham
describes Uranotcenia lowii Theob., and U. socialis Theob., but we can
not make either agree with Miss Mitchell's detailed separation of these
forms as they occur in New Orleans. Melanoc onion atratus Theob.
does not agree ; our larva has a pilose body and shorter air tube.
Culex confirmatus Arrib. is widely different from the continental form ;
our larva is glabrous and the pecten of the air tube runs only half way.
Culex janitor Theob., is still more different ; we have a larva with a
long air tube and antennal tuft at the outer fourth arising from a set-
off as in seen tor. Culex microsquamosus Theob. is a new species and
the larva new to us. There can be no argument about this one.
Janthinosoma jonstonii Grabham is described without larva. Now all
this discrepancy means either that the larva? are variable, in which case
we can not separate one Culicid larva from another, or that somebody's
determinations are faulty. Dr. Grabham's adults were, we presume,

* I!ut the stimulans of Walker, heretofore referred to the synonymy of cantans,
has yet to be accounted for.

June, 1906.1 Book. Notices. Ill

determined by Mr. Theobald ; ours were named by Mr. Coquillett.
We invite these gentlemen to get together and compare notes.

Report ami Yearbook of the Experiment Station Committee of the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association for the year ending Septem-
ber 30, 1905. Honolulu, 1905.

This report appears to be from a committee of the experiment
station in the planters' association, though no author is mentioned.
A list of all the officers is given on the first page. There are a number
of separately paged papers, of which only the entomological ones in-
terest us here. These are Bulletin no. 1 — Leaf-hoppers and Their
Natural Enemies, divided into parts :

Part I — Dryinidai, by R. C. L. Perkins.

Part II — Epipyropidse, by R. C. L. Perkins.

Part III — Stylopidse, by R. C. L. Perkins.

Part IV — Pipunculida?, by R. C. L. Perkins.

Part V — Forficulidas, Syrphidse and Hemerobiidae, by F. W.
Terry.

Part VI — Mymaridse, Platygasteridae; by R. C. L. Perkins.

Also two circulars by Perkins on the history and occurrence of the
sugar cane leaf- hopper {Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy) and some
diseases of cane especially considered is relation to the leap-hopper
pest and to the stripping of cane.

The part on Lepidoptera treats of the family Epipyropidse, which
Mr. Perkins proposes as new, but which we had already used (Bull.
52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 359,. 1903). Three new genera and seven
species are described (from Australia), and many new and highly in-
teresting facts about the life histories and habits are recorded. Perhaps
the most peculiar are that some of the species are parthenogenetic,
while the newly hatched larva has a special structure and actively
seeks its prey, the eggs being laid on plants. The larvae seem to be
true parasites, causing the death of the host. Mr. Perkins gives a
synoptic table of the genera, but does not include the genus Epipyrops
of Westwood, which we would do as follows. We would add a new
genus, Epipomponia, proposed for our species nawai (Proc. ent. soc.
Wash., vi, 19, 1904) described from Japan. In the bibliography
Mr. Perkins could have added two notes published in the Proc. ent.
soc. AVash., v, 180, 1903, and vi, 19, 1904.

112 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Table of genera of Epipyropidae.

1. Hind wings with eight veins ; 7 and 8 of fore wings separate 2.

Hind wings with less than eight veins ; 7 and 8 of fore wings approximated or

united 3.

2. Hind wings with vein 8 free Epipyrops Westwood.

Hind wings with vein 8 joined to the subcostal by a bar Epipomponia Dyar.

3. Vein 7 of hind wings apparently free to base ; fore wings with 12 veins.

Palaopsyche Perkins.
Hind wings with normal venation ; fore wings with less than 12 veins 4.

4. Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 long-stalked or coincident. ..AgamopByche Perkins.
Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 connate Heteropsyche Perkins.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Mekting of May 16, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History.

President C. H. Roberts presided with eleven members in attendance.

The librarian reported the receipt of the following exchanges :

Verh. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien., Vols. LIV, No. 10; LV, Nos. 1 and 2.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XL, Nos. 12, 13 and 14.

Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, Vol. XLIII, No. 17S.

Tijdsch. v. Entom., 1 904, Nos. 2, 3 and 4.

Sci. Bull., Vol. I, Nos. 5 and 6 of Mus. Brooklyn Institute.

Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Monographs, III, 1905.

Zeitsch. f. Wissenschaft. Insekten biol., Bd. I, Nos. 3 and 4.

Jahresbericht des Wien. Ent. Vereins., 1904.

Canad. Entom., XXXVII, Nos. 4 and 5.

Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXIV, Nos. 3 and 4.

Deutsche Entom. Zeitschrift, 1905, No. I.

Descript. du Material d. petite installation scientifique, I part, 1903, by Chas.
Janet.

Observations sur les Gupes, by Chas. Janet.

Observations sur les Fourmis, by Chas. Tanet.

Report on Mosquitoes, by John B. Smith, 1904.

Hayden's Geological Survey, Report for 1 87 1 and 1872.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXVIII, No. 1398.

On motion of Mr. Joutel the Society voted to set aside the sum of $25.00 which
the publication committee and librarian were authorized to draw upon for the pur-
chase of books for the library.

( To be continued. )

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
1 except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. m., in the American Museum of
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, #3.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers fop the Year 1906.

President, C. II. ROBERTS. ... 10 Washington PI., New York.

Fice- Preside//?, CHAS.W. LENG 33 Murray Street, New York.

Treasurer, WM, T. DAVIS . 46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton,

Staten Island, N. Y.

'"'''Ih. G. BARKER 2it Wesi 1 ^th Street, New York.

Cor. Secretary, ) ' ' J J

Lil>ra'iin,C SCH \EFFER, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brook'yn N. Y.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

E. B. S<>[ 1 iiwicK, L. H. Joutel, C. F. Groth,

F. E. Watson, G. Beyer.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
Harrison G, Dvar, C. Schaeefer, C. W. Lent,,

E. G. Love.

A UDTTING COMMITTEE.
E. I). Harris, E B. Souihwick, J. R. de la Torre Bueno

FIELD COMMITTEE

Wm. T. Davis, Geo. P. Engei.hardi .

DELEGA TES TO THE SCIENTIFIC ALLIANCE.
( . F. Groth, W. M. Wheeler, C. H. Roberts'

Price List of Entomological Publications

For Sale by the New York Entomological Society.

Linell, Martin L. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North

America. 5 pp. 15c

Casey, Thos. U. Studies in Ptinidae, Cioidse, and Sphindidae of

America. 32 pp. 75c.

A revision of the North American Coecinellidae. 98 pp. $1.50.

Review of the American Corylophidae, Cryptophagidae, Trito-

midse and Dermestidae, with other studies.

(Cuts) 121 pp. $2.00.

Fall, H. C. Synopsis of the species of Acmaeodera of America,

north of Mexico. 36 pp. 90c.

On the affinities of the genus Tachycellus with descriptions of

new species. 10 pp 20c.

Leng, Charles W. Notes on Coceinelltdae, I, II.

31 pp., 3 pi. $1.00.
Schaeffer, C. Synopsis of the Species of Trecbus, with descrip-
tion of a new species. 4 pp., 1 pi. 20c.
WrcKHAM, H. F. The North American species of Catalpa.

4 PP- 15c
Fox, William J. Synopsis of the species of Nysson, inhabiting

America north of Mexico. 7 pp. 20c.

Coquillett, D. W. Synopsis of the dipterous genus Symphono-

myia. 4 pp. 10c.

Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae. 6 pp. 15c.

Neumoegen and Dyar. A preliminary revision of the Bombyces

of America north of Mexico. $'-50-

Dyar, Harrison G. A review of the North American species of

Pronuba and Prodoxus. 3 pp. 10c.

A revision of the Hesperiidae of the United States. 32 pp. 60c.

Synoptic table of North American mosquito larvae. 5 pp. 10c.
Dyar, H. G., and Knab, F. The larvae of Culicidae classified as

independent Organisms 62 pp., 13 pi. $1.00.

Kearfott, W. D. Revision of the North American species of the

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Caudell, A. N. The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville.

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The above papers will be sent on receipt of price by

CHARliES SCHAEFFER,

Librarian New York Entomological Society,

Brooklyn museum, Eastern Parkuaay,

B^OOKLiYN, N Y.

Vol. XIV.

No.

JOUR NAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society

S>eroteo to lEntomoloov? in General.

SEPTEMBER, 1906.

Edited by Harrison G. 1>yar.

Publication Committee.
Harrison G. Dyar. Charles W. Leng.

Chaki.es Schaeffer. E. G. Love

IPiaDlisried Quarterly by trie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1906.

Entered April 21, 1904, at La caster. Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 189^5^

-*-

rue NEW ERA P«NT. , UNCA6TER, F

CONTENTS.

Class Hexapoda, Order Coleoptera.
The North American Species of the Genus Notaris Germ. By V. H. Chit-
tenden , . ... 113

Strychnine as Food of Araeocerus fascicularis De Geer. By Robert E.

Brown, S, J 116

Class Hexapoda, Order Lepidoptera.
Heterocera Americana. By Richard H. Stretch 117

On the Specific Validity of Thanaos ausonius Lintner. By John II. Cook 125

Notes on the Genus Caripeta with Description of a New Species. By Louis

\V. Sw'ETT 128

Some New Geometridae from Arizona- By Geo. W. Taylor 130

Descriptions of Two Lepidopterous Larvae. By R. E. Kun/e 131

Class Hexapoda, Orders Orthoptera, Dermaptera.

Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. By Lawrence Bkcm k 135

Book Notices '. 167

JOURN A L

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster,
Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, U. S. National Mu-
seum, Washington, D. C; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, VVm. T. Davis,
46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books
and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum, Eastern Parkway,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per year, strictly in ad-
vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger number
be desired they will be supplied at cost provided notice is sent to the
Editor before the page proof has been corrected.

JOURNAL

30pfo JBoph 6fnfomoIogiraI #oriFfyj,

Vol. XIV. SEPTEMBER, 190b. No. 3

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order II, COLEOPTERA.

THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE
GENUS NOTARIS GERM.

By F. H. Chittenden, Sc.D.,
Washington, D. C.

ATotaris, Magazin der Entomologie, vol. II, p. 340, 1S17.

In 1876, in The Rhynchophora of America North of Mexico (p.
163), LeConte placed two Erirhinines, morio Mann, and puncticollis
Lee, in the genus Erycus Tourn.,* and they are thus classified in our
catalogues and collections, notwithstanding the fact that European
systematists have relegated Erycus to a subgenus under Notaris Germar,
which latter was proposed in 181 7.

The genus Notaris was defined by Stephens in 183 i,f and more
recently characterized by Faust. \ Briefly, it contains those species
of Erirhinini in which the presternum is deeply emarginate on the
anterior margin, the femora are moderately clavate and simple, and
the postocular lobes are distinct and wide, the posterior tibiae being
feebly mucronate. The apical sutures of the second, third and fourth
abdominal segments are very prominent. In the male the first and
second are shallowly but widely concave and the apex of the fifth
feebly. LeConte's characterization of Erycus, with two very small
spines or spurs on the posterior tibiae, does not hold for a species
which will presently be described.

* Ann. Soc. Ent. de Belgique, vol. XVII, p. 92, 1874.
fills. Brit. Ent., Mandibulata, vol. IV, p. 81, 1831.
J Bull. Soc. Imperiale Naturalistes Moscou, 1882, pp. 136-143.

113

114 Journal New York Entomological Society. [v0i . xiv.

Synopsis of Species.

Subglabrous, shining, thorax sparsely punctate ; elytral striae moderately shallow, with

small, closely-set punctures, N. \V aethiops Fall.

Distinctly minutely pubescent; thorax densely coarsely punctate.

Rostrum coarsely punctate, subopaque ; antennae inserted in apical fourth, club
as long as preceding four joints, last funicular joint transverse ; elytral striae

coarsely deeply punctate, E. I". S puncticollis Lee.

Rostrum finely, more sparsely punctate, shining ; antenna; inserted near middle,
club shorter than preceding four joints, last funicular joint as long as wide ;
elytral striae fine, Wyo. , Col wyomingensis n. sp.

Notaris a^thiops Fabricius.

Curculio cethiops Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica, vol. I, pt. 2, p. 405, 1792.
Erirhiiuis morio Mannerheim, Bui. Soc. Mosc, 1S5J, II, 240.
Erycus morio LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, 1S76, p. 163.
Erirhinus cethiops Faust, Bui. Soc. Mosc, 1SS2, pp. 164-167.*

Easily distinguished from our other species by the characters of
the table.

L ength . — 6.0mm.; width, 2.5 m m .

Habitat. — Sweden, Germany, boreal Europe and Siberia ; Kadjak,
Kenai, Wrangel, Alaska ; Vancouver, Manitoba, Great Slave Lake,
Canada ( Hamilton ).f In the National collection there are specimens
from the following localities: Como, S. Wyo., alt. 8,000 ft.; White-
fish, L. S., Bear Paw Mt., Mon., and Leadville, Colo. (Hubbard &
Schwarz). Evidently a truly circumpolar form.

Notaris puncticollis Lee

Erycus punctiollis LeConte, Rhynch. N. A., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. XV,
p. 163, 1S76.

In describing the pubescence of the elytra LeConte mentions "a
more conspicuous sutural transverse spot behind the middle." In
many specimens this feature is not at all conspicuous, partly owing to
easy abrasion. Where present these spots extend across the second
and third interval. The fifth abdominal segment is much more finely
and densely punctate than the others, and is less reflexed at apex.

Length. — 4.8-6.5 mm.; width, 2.3-3.0 mm.

Habitat. — "Middle and Western States and Lake Superior"
(LeConte); New York and vicinity, April 17-26; October 21
(Juelich & Roberts) ; Buffalo, N. Y., June 15 ; Ithaca, N. Y., April
25 ; Chicago, 111. (Chittenden) ; Whitefish Point, L. S.; Minnesota;
Wisconsin; Detroit, Port Huron and Backwing, Mich.; Whitefish,

"The European literature is quite extensive and is not quoted at length.
fTr. Am. Ent. Soc, 1894, p. 34.

Sept., 1906.] Chittenden: Species of Notaris. 115

L. S. (Hubbard & Schwarz) ; Wayne County, Ohio (Webster);
Columbus, Ohio (Sanders).

-a

^=tt30^XJ>

Antennal characters of («) Notaris puncticollis ; (/>) A', wyoviingensis.

Notaris wyomingensis, new species.

Form similar to puniticollu Lee, but proportionately more slender; black, anten-
nae, tarsi and tibiae rufo-piceous. Rostrum somewhat finely and sparsely punctate,
not carinate, surface shining. Antennae of 9 inserted near middle of rostrum, of
$ two-fifths from apex. Last funicular joint subtriangular, considerably larger than
the preceding, as long as wide ; club wide, not as long as preceding four joints.
Thorax a little wider than long ; sides rather strongly arcuate ; surface coarsely
densely, subrugosely punctate, sparsely covered with scale-like yellowish setae, di-
rected transversely, forming a dorsolateral fascia each side and leaving a median
smooth line extending from apex about four-fifths to base. Elytra ( 9 ) one-third
or less wider than thorax ; humeri rounded ; striae shallow, intervals densely punc-
tate, sparcely pubescent, consisting of very short scale-like setae, third interval fiat
or feebly elevated, bearing a small tuft of prostrate whitish hairs behind the middle.
Lower surface moderately coarsely, densely and nearly uniformly punctate, the punc-
tures growing a little finer but not denser apically. The apex of the fifth abdominal
segment somewhat strongly reflexed. Posterior tibiae without short terminal spurs.

Length. — 6.5-7.5 mm.; width: 2.2-2.8 mm.

Habitat. — Cheyenne and Laramie, Wyo. (H. Soltau) ; "Wyo.";
Colorado.

Type. — No. 9,757, U. S. National Museum.

The natural food plants of the species of Notaris occurring in
America do not appear to have been positively ascertained, although
Mr. F. M. Webster has surmised that puncticollis "may breed in the
common Typha latifolia or cat-tail." He observed this species attack-
ing cabbage on land that had been drained (Insect Life, vol. vii,
1894, p. 206).

Allied European forms such as Erirhinus festuar Hbst., have
been observed breeding in the stems of Scirpus, and the beetles have
been found on Cyperaceae, especially on Carex. The genus favors
aquatic vegetation and the beetles are usually found in moist situations.

STRYCHNINE AS FOOD OF AR^EOZERUS FASCIC-
ULARIS DE GEER.

By Robert E. Brown, S.J.,
Manila, P. I.

The weevil, Araocerus fascicularis, is well known in all parts of the
world on account of its cosmopolitan habits. It feeds on all kinds of
seeds and nuts, but one of the strangest which it has been known to eat
is the St. Ignatius' bean, Strychninos ignatii Berg. This plant grows wild
in many parts of the Philippines, but is especially plentiful in the Island
of Samar, where the fruit is called by the natives pepita-sa-catbalongan
and pepita de San Ignacio. The bean is exceedingly poisonous, though
it is used by the natives as a remedy for certain diseases, and it is not
uncommon, as a consequence, that people die from an overdose. A
quantitative analysis of the bean gave as a result 1% per cent, strych-
nine and y2 per cent, brucine.

Strychnine is one of the deadliest poisons known, yet this little
beetle not only feeds on it, but actually breeds in the cavities which it
has bored in the seed. In the Observatory Museum there was a bottle
containing some ten Ignatius' beans and it was noticed that a male
and female A. fascicularis had been enclosed with them. The insects
seemed to be in good health and they began gnawing the beans with-
out any evil effects. Wishing to see if the weevil could live on such
deadly poison, the bottle was sealed and set aside and in about six
months, when examined, it was found that ten adult insects were en-
joying themselves within. They were taken out and the beans treated
with bisulphide of carbon to kill any eggs that might have been de-
posited in them by the weevils. Two males and two females were
then replaced in the bottle with the beans and the stopper sealed. In
little more than a week they all died, but in two months young larvae
could be seen in the cavities of the beans and they all grew to maturity,
Since that time more than four generations of A. fascicularis have
been bred and no other food but the Ignatius' beans was given them.

116

Class I, HEXAPODA.
Order V, LEPIDOPTERA.

HETEROCERA AMERICANA.

Bv Richard H. Stretch, E.M.,

West Seattle, Wash.

A quarter of a century ago the writer had in preparation a mono-
graph of the Bombycidae of North America, intended as an enlarge-
ment and completion of his Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of North
America, published in 1S72. Various causes prevented the comple-
tion of the work at that time, but the plates were nearly all prepared
and in part printed. So much work has been done on the group in
the interim that the " Heterocera Americana " as prepared is obso-
lete ; but I have turned the plates over to the editor of this Journal,
who thinks them worthy to present to our readers. The plates illus-
trate the xVrctiidas and their allies. I wish to express my acknowledge-
ments to the gentlemen who assisted me with material and otherwise
in former years while the work was in preparation, Messrs. Henry Ed-
wards, B. Neumoegen, E. L. Graef, F. Tepper and others.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
(Heterocera Americana, Plates II— XII.)
Plate II.
« 1. Crambidia pallida Packard.
« 2. Utelheisa bella Linnceus.
1 3. Utetheisa omatrix Linnceus.
1 4. Utetheisa omatrix Linnceus.

5. Utetheisa bella var.
* 6. Utetheisa speeiosa Walker.

7. Scepsis fidvicolis Hiibner.

8. Scepsis wrightii Stretch.

9. Scepsis mathezoi Grote.

10. Scepsis edwardsii Grote.

11. Psychomorpha epimenis Drury.

12. Clem en si a ?*

* Probably Nola minuscula Zell. — Editor.

117

118 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

13. Syntomeida ipomota Harris.

14. Emydia ampla Grote.

15. Edwardsia brilians Neuiwegen.

16. Cienucha sanguinaria Strecker.

17. Gnopkala vermicidata, $ , Grote & Robinson.

18. Gnopkala vermicidata, £> , Grote & Robinson.

19. Gnophcela discreta Stretch.

20. Gnoph.ela kopfferi Grote & Robinson.

21. Dahana atripennh Grote.

22. Cosmosoma omphale Hiibner.

23. Halesidota trigona Grote.

24. Pygotenucha harrisii Grote.

25. Didasys belts Grote.

26. Eudryas unto Grote.

27. Triprocris smithsonianus Clemens.

28. Triprocris fusca H. Edwards.

29. Harrisina coracina Clemens.

Plate III.

1. Cisthene tenui fascia Harvey.

2. Cisthene plhmbea Stretch.

3. Cisthene unifascia jrote & Robinson.

4. Cisthene unifascia Grote & Robinson.

5. Byssophaga faustinnla Boisduval.

6. Byssophaga nexa Boisduval.

7. Cisthene subjeeta Walker.

8. Cisthene subjeeta Walker.

9. Crocota ostenta H. Edwards.

10. Crocota quinaria Grote.

11. Crocota choriona Reakirt.

12. Crocota opel la Grote.

13. Crocota ope! I a Grote.

14. Crocota Let a Guerin.

15. Crocota belfrageii Stretch.

16. Crocota nigricans, 9 > Reakirt.

17. Crocota nigricans, g, Reakirt.

18. Crocota ferruginosa Walker.

19. Crocota costata Stretch.

20. Crocota rubicundaria Hiibner.

21. Crocota rubicundaria Hiibner.

22. Crocota choriona Reakirt.

23. C'-ocota choriona Reakirt.

24. Crocota choriona Reakirt.

25. Crocota obscura Strecker.

26. Crocota obscura Strecker.

27. Crocota?*

* An aberration of aurantica Hiibn., probably not deserving a separate name.

Editor.

Sept., 1506.] Stretch: Heterocera Americana. 119

28. Crocota bimaculata Saunders ?

29. Hypoprepia fucosa Hiibner. *

30. Hypoprepia fucosa Hiibner. f

31. Hypoprepia fucosa Hiibner. J

32. Cistkene ? lactea Stretch.

j^. Euphanessa mendica Walker.

34. Lithosia bicolor Grote.

35. Lithosia cephalica Grote & Robinson. •

36. Lithosia Candida H. Edwards.

37. Lithosia casta Sanborn.

38. Harrisina (Pygotenucha') funerea Grote.
3Q. Amelia unico'or Robinson.

40. Harrisina americana Guerin.

41. Harrisina metallica Stretch.

42. Harrisina australis Stretch.

43. CUmensia irrorata H. Edwards.

44. CUmensia irrorata H. Edwards.

45. CUmensia umbrata Packard.

46. Pyromorpka dimidiala HerrichSchxffer ?

47. Triprocris marteni French.

48. Acoloithus falsarius Clemens.

49. Lycomorpha palmerii Packard.

50. Anatolmis fulgats H. Edwards.

51. Lycomorpha pholus Drury.

52. Lycomorpha miniata Packard.

53. Lycomorpha constans H. Edwards.

54. Lycomorpha constans H. Edwards.
55- Cydosia imitella Stretch.

56. Cydosia aurivitta Grote & Robinson.
Plate IV.

1. Epicallia virginalis Boisduval.

2. Epicallia virginalis Boisduval.

3. Epicallia virginalis var. j uttata Boisduval'.

4. Platarctia parthenos Harris.

5. Eupiepia yarrowi Stretch.

6. Caliimorpha lecontei Boisduval.

7. Caliimorpha lecontei Boisduval.

8. Caliimorpha reversa Stretch.

9. Caliimorpha lecontei Boisduval.

10. Caliimorpha reversa Stretch.

11. Caliimorpha intemipto-viai giuata de Bauvois.

12. Caliimorpha clymene Brown.

13. Leptarctia dimidia/a, $, Stretch.

* Normal form. — Editor.

f H. miniata Kirby. — Editor.

t //. cadaverosa Strk. — Editor.

120 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi xiv

14. Leptarctia dimidiaia, $ , Stretch.

15. Leptarctia dimidiaia, $, Stretch.

• 16. Leptarctia California Walker (/em Boisd.).

17. Leptarctia California Walker.

iS. Leptarctia California- Walker.

19. Leptarctia adnata Boisduval.

20. Leptarctia adnata Boisduval.

■ 21. Leptarctia California Walker.

22. Leptarctia California- Walker.

23. Leptarctia electa Boisduval.

Plate V.

1. Arctia docta, var. arizoniensis, <£ , Stretch.

2. Arctia docta, var. autholea, $ , Boisduval.

3. Arctia docta, var. autholca, 9> Boisduval.

4. Arctia superba, $ , Stretch.

5. Arctia virgunatla, $ , Kirby.

6. Arctia bolanderi, $ , Stretch.

7. Arctia uais Drury, var. decorata, 9 , Saunders. Copy from Grote.

8. Arctia nevadensis, $ , Grote. Copy from Grote.

9. Arctia nevadensis, <J , Grote.

10. Arctia nevadensis, 9 > Grote.

11. Arctia anna, 9 , Grote.

12. Arctia persephone, $, Grote. Copy from Grote.

13. Arctia virgo, $, Kirby.

14. Arctia virgo, 9> Kirby, var. simplex Stretch.

15. Arctia saundersii, $ , Grote.

16. Arctia arge, $, Drury.

17. Arctia arge, 9> Drury.
iS. Arctia blakei, $, Grote.

19. Arctia phalcrata, g, Harris.

20. Arctia phalcrata, $ , Harris.

21. Arctia phalcrata, var. inc imata, <J , n. var.

22. Arctia intermedia, $, Stretch.

23. Arctia intermedia, $ , var. stretchii Grote.

24. Arctia reetilinea French.

25. Arctia gelida, var. speciosissima Moeschler.

26. Arctia intermedia , var. circa, n. var.

Plate VI.

1. Arctia achaia, g, var. ornata Packard.

2. Arc ia achaia, 9 , var. ornata Packard.

3. Arctia achaia, <J , var maculosa, n. var.

4. Arctia achaia, 9 . var- maculosa, n. var.

5. Arctia achaia, g , Boisduval, type.
' 6. Arctia achaia, 9 , Boisduval.

7. Arctia achaia, $ , var. ochracea Stretch.

Sept.,1906.] Stretch: Heterocera Americana. 121

8. Arctia achaia, $ , var. rivulosa, n. var.

9. Arctia achaia, 9 . var. rivuiosa, n. var.

10. Arctia achaia, g , var. ochracea-rivulosa, n. var.

• 11. Arctia achaia, J, var. ockracea Stretch .

12. Arctia dahurica, g, Boisduval.

13. Arctia dahurica, 9, Boisduval.

14. Arctia obliterata, J , Stretch.

• 15. Arctia achaia, $ , var. ochracea, aberration.

16. Euprepia caja, 9, var. ameiicana Harris.

17. Kodiosoma tricolor Stretch.

18. Kodiowma eavsii Stretch.

19. Kodiosoma niger Stretch.

20. Kodiosoma fulva Stretch.

21. Nemeophilaplantaginis, $, Linn., var. geometrica Grote. Copy from Grote.

22. Nemeophila plantaginis, $ , var. cichorii Grote.

23. Nemeophilaplantaginis, $, var. caspitis Grote.

24. Nemeophila plantaginis, <J , var. alascensis, n. var.*

25. Nemeophila plantaginis, $, var. alascensis, n. var.

26. Nemeophila plantaginis, $ , var. alascensis, n. var.

27. Nemeophila plantaginis, 9> var. alascensis, n. var.

28. Nemeophila plantaginis, 9, var. alascensis, n. var.

Plate VII. \/

— I. Arctia docta, var. autholea, 9, Boisduval.

■""* 2. Arctia nais, 9, var. decorata Saunders.

. — 3. Arctia nais, 9 > var. decorata Saunders.

4. Arctia phalerata, $ , var. incarnata Stretch.

5. Arctia phalerata, J , var. incarnata Stretch.

6. Arctia elongata, 9 > Stretch.

7. Arctia michabo, $ , Grote.

8. Arctia dahurica, J1, Boisduval.

9. Arctia williamsii, 9 , Dodge. Copy from Dodge.
10. Arctia phyllira, 9 > Drury. Copy from Drury.

— 11. Arctia nais, $ , Drury. Copy from Drury.

12. Arctia placentia, $ , Hiibner {phyllira Hiib. ). Copy from Hiibner.

13. Arctia phalerata, <£ , Harris {nais Hiibner). Copy from Hiibner.

14. Arctia figurata , $, Drury. Copy from Drury.

15. Arctia quenselii, 9, Geyer. Copy from Gever.

16. Arctia figurata, $ , var. celia Saunders.

17. Arctia figurata, 9, var. celia Saunders.

* 18. Arctia phyllira, $, Drury.
~" 19. Arctia phyllira, 9. Drury.

20. Arctia placentia, $ , Sm. -Abbott.

21. Arctia placentia, 9 , Sm. -Abbott.

22. Arctia figurata, $ , var. pallida Strecker. Copy from Strecker

* This is what we have called var. modesta Pack. — Editor.

122 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xiv.

23. Arctia cervinoides, $, Strecker. Copy from Strecker.

24. Arctia persephone, $ , Grote.

25. Euprepia opulenta, $, Hy. Edwards.

Plate VIII.

1. Arctia geneura, $ , Strecker. Copy from Strecker.

2. Arctia rectilinea, $ , var. conspicua, n. var.

3. Arctia docta, g, Walker.

4. Arctia virgo, $ , var. simplex Stretch.

5. Arctia virgo, 9< Linnaeus.

6. Arctia blakei, J1, Grote.

7. Arctia michabo, $ , Grote.

8. Arctia michabo, 9 > Grote.

9. Arctia michabo, 9 > Grote.

10. Arctia approximate, 9 , Stretch.

11. Arctia intermedia, var. stretchii droit.
IT. Arctia nais, g, Drury.*

13. Arctia nais, 9, Drury. j

15. Arctia nais, 9, van decorata Saunders.*

16. Arctia phalerata, 9, Harris, j

17. Arctia phalerata^ 9> Harris.*

18. Arctia phalerata, 9, var. pulchenima, n. var. $

19. Arctia phalerata, 9 , var. pu/cheri ima n. var.

20. Arctia arge, $ , var. strigosa Stretch.

21. Arctia virguncu la , £, Kirby.

22. Arctia nais, var. decorata (radians of Walker).

23. Arctia Jigurala, 9 , var. snowi Grote.

24. Arctia placentia, 9i var. flammea Xeumngen.

25. -Arctia figurata, $ , var. excelsa Neunxegen.

Plate IX.

1. Callimorpha lecontei, var. contigua Walker.

2. Callimorpha lecontei, var. confinis Walker.

3. Callimorpha lecontei, var. montana Neunnegen.

4. Arctia figurata, 9 > Drury.

5. Arctia detcrminata, g, Neunnegen.

6. Arctia incorrupta, $, type, H. Edwards.

7. Arctia incorrupta, g, H. Edwards.

8. Arctia incorrupta, £ , var. ochracea Neumoegen.

9. Arctia incorrupta, 9, H. Edwards.

* This is radians Walk. — Editor.

f This appears to be a $ of decorata. No. 14 is omitted from the text. It
represents a 9 decorata. — Editor.

\ We should call this the 9 of nais. — Editor.

'i We have considered this to be the usual 9 of phalerata. — Editor.

Sept., 1906.J Stretch: Heterocera Americana. 123

10. Arctia complicata, $ , Walker.

11. Arctia figura'a, $, var. celt a Saunders.

12. Arctia placentea, 9> Sm. -Abbott.

13. Arctia placentitis 9 > Sm.- Abbott. Copy from Smith and Abbott.

14. Arctia persephone, $ , Grote.

15. Arctia persephone, $ , Grote.

16. Arctia fifurata, $ , var f -pallida Strecker.

17. Leptarctia California Walk.

18. Arctia gelida, g, Mceschler.

19. Callimorpha reversa Stretch.

20. Callimorpha reversa Stretch.*

21. Callimorpha reversa Stretch.

22. Callimorpha lecontei Boisduval (hybrid).

23. Callimorpha lecontei, var. fulvicosta Clem.

Plate X.

1. Hyphantria cunea, $ , Drury, var. textor Harris.

2. Hyphantria cunea, $ , Drury, var. textor Harris.

3. Hyphantria cunea, $, Drury, var. punctata Fitch.

4. Hyphantria cunea, $ , Drury type.

5. Seiarctia clio, 9, Packard.

6. Euchtxtes egle, 9 , Drury.

7. Euchates elegans, $ , Stretch.
S. Euchates collar is, 9 , Fitch.

9. Euchates oregonensis, $ , Stretch.

10. Euchates oregonensis Stretch.

11. Leucarctia albida, $ , Stretch.

12. Leucarctia acraa, 9> Drury.

13. Leucarctia acr&a, $, Drury.

14. Spilosoma vesta lis, 9> Packard.

15. Spilosoma latipennis, 9, Stretch.

16. Spilosoma virginica, 9> Fabricius.

17. Antarctia rufula, $ , Boisduval.

18. Antarctia rufula, $ , Boisduval.

19. Antarctia rufula, g , Biosduval.

20. Antarctia rufula, 9 > Boisduval.

21. Pyrrharctia Isabella, 9 . Sm. -Abbott.

22. Pyrrharctia Isabella, $, Sm. -Abbott, var. californica, larva uniform dark

gray.

23. Pyrrharctia Isabella, $ , Sm. -Abbott.

24. Phragmatobia fuliginosa, $, Harris.

25. Phragmatobia fuliginosa, 9> Harris.

Plate XI.

1. Halisiilota argcntata, 9, Packard.

2. Halisidota sobrina, g, Stretch.

* This is C. confusa Lyman. — Editor.

124 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

3. Halisidita tessallata, $ , Sm.- Abbot.

4. Halisidota macttlata, 9, Harris.

5. Halisidota maculata, $ , Harris.

6. Halisidota inge/is, $ , H. Edwards.

7. Haliiido'a edwardsii, 9 , Packard.

8. Halisidota edwardsii, 9 , var. labecula Grote.

9. Halisidota ambigua, J , Strecker. Copy of Strecker.

10. Halisidota caryce, $ , Harris.

11. Halisidota rosea ta, J , Walker.*

12. Halisidota roseata, $, Walker. |

13. Arachnis picta, $, Packard.

14. Seiarctia echo, 9, Sm. -Abbot. Copy of Sm.- Abbot.

15. Eepantheria scribonia, $ , Stoll.

16. Eepantheria scribonia, & , Stoll.

17. Eepantheria scribonia, $ , Stoll.

Plate XII.

1. Nemeophila chichorii Grote & Robinson.

2. Nemeophila petrosa Walker.

3. .\emeophila geometrica Grote.

4. Arctia pallida, 9, Packard. +

5. Arctia pallida, $, Packard. %

6. Phragmatobia rubricosa, $ , Harris.

7. Phragmatobia rubricosa, 9 > Harris.

8. Phragmatobia assimilans Walker. Walker's type.

9. Antarctia proba H. Edwards.

10. Antarctia ) libra, $ , Neumcegen.

11. Antarctia rubra, 9 , Neumcegen.

12. Phragmatobia dnbia Neumcegen.

13. Endnotes vivida Grote.

14. Euchcetes eglenensis Clemens.
15- Endnotes nivalis, new species.?,

16. Endnotes collaris Fitch.

17. Euchcetus pndens H. Edwards.

18. Arachnis semidara, new species. ||
I 9. Endnotes perl, 7' is Grote.

20. Endnotes zona lis (irote.

21. Endnotes spraguei Grote.

22. Leitcarctia ? permaculata Packard.

* This is Euerythra trima ulata Smith. — Editor.

I This is E. phasma Harvey. — Editor.

% Considered to be aberrations of Hyphantria ciinea. — Editor.

\ White form of eglenensis. — Editor.

|| Nearest to A. albescens Hampson from Guatemala and possibly the 9 of it ;
or it may be an Eepantheria near sitffitsa Schaus. The spurs of hind tibiae which
separate Arachnis and Eepantheria are not shown. — Editor.

Sept., 1906.] Cook : Validity of Thanaos ausonius. 125

23. Euhalesidota pura Neumcegen.

24. Halesidota ambigua Strecker.

25. Halesidota mixta Neumcegen.

26. Halesidota significans H. Edwards.

27. Pkryganidia californica Packard.

28. Alypia maccullochii Kirby.

ON THE SPECIFIC VALIDITY OF THANAOS
AUSONIUS LINTNER.

By John H. Cook,
Albany, N. Y.

Plate III.

During the last four years I have been searching for Thanaos auso-
nius (Lintn.) on the pine barrens west of Albany, N. Y. The indi-
vidual which Lintner described under that name was taken in this local-
ity, and it seemed reasonable to expect it here if anywhere. Over five
hundred butterflies belonging to this genus were taken, of which two
hundred and eleven were T. martialis. No "ausonius" appeared to
reward my efforts.

At Dr. Dyar's suggestion I made a comparative study of martialis
and icclus with a view to determining, if possible, whether or not
ausonius is entitled to specific distinction. This inquiry has been
diligently prosecuted, and the results are here given.

A glance at the genitalia of ausonius* was sufficient to prove it
distinct from icclus and to show that if not a good species it must be
regarded as a sport of martialis. From this species it was separated
by Lintner on the grounds of its small size, and the absence of the
fenestrate spots on the primaries ; the other characters " distinguish-
ing " it being of comparatively little importance.

Considering the genitalia of the greatest morphological value I first
compared the tip of the right clasp of " ausonius" with the figure
thereof given in Scudder's "Butterflies of the Eastern United States
and Canada." This figure I found to be measurably accurate though
somewhat diagrammatic. I next compared the tip of the left clasp of
" ausonius" with Scudder's figure of the left clasp of martialis, and

* The type in the Lintner memorial collection was studied in detail by the writer.

126 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

found them somewhat different. I then made a comparative study of
the clasps of twenty-five martialis, and found the following to be true :
there is considerable variation in the detail of both clasps, the general
character however remaining the same ; the right clasp varies to a
greater degree than the left ; there is a greater difference between the
corresponding clasps of individuals recognized under the common
name of martialis than between that of ' ' ausonius ' ' and the usual
martialis. Plate III, fig, i, represents the tip of the right clasp of
martialis as found in sixteen of the twenty-five examined. The view
is taken from the side, a little above, and a little behind. Fig. 2
shows the same organ of ausonius from the same position. (These
drawings magnified 14^2 times.)

It will be seen that (to quote from Scudder) " The blade of the
right clasp (of 'ausom'us') differs (from that of martialis) in its
greater slenderness, and prolongation ; the denticle of the upper edge
is larger, and more prickly so that the blade seems to narrow more
abruptly beyond it, while the bent apex is more distinctly conical."
" And pointed " is added, but I fail to agree with this. Fig. 3 shows
the usual sharpness of the apex in martialis and that of the specimen
under discussion is hardly different. But are these slight differences
of specific value? By no means. Compare figs. 4 and 6, which are
drawn from undoubted martialis, with fig. 5, which is ausonius. (The
view here is from a little further above than in figs 1 and 2.) Fig. 4
is the usual form, fig. 6 an extreme modification. Between these
there may be found several intermediate forms. (These figures
enlarged 22 times. )

The left clasp of ausonius does not differ from the usual left clasp
of martialis as represented in figs. 7, 8 and 9.

Fig. 7 shows the tip of left clasp seen directly from the side (as the
genitalia are mounted, enlarged 18 times).

Fig. 8 is the same seen from in front at an angle of about 450 (18
diameters).

Fig. 9 is the same from directly above (as the genitalia are
mounted ; 25 diameters).

I have been unable to find a specimen with which I can reconcile
Scudder's representation of the apex of the left clasp and, if his figure
is accurate, it must be looked upon as a departure from the usual
pattern.

Figs. 11 and 12 show the apical half of right and left clasps
respectively (after Scudder).

Sept.,igo6.j CooK: VALIDITY OF THANAOS AUSONIUS. 127

Fig. 10 represents the genitalia of martialis as seen from below
(25 diameters) showing the angle at which the clasps in each instance
were mounted for examination.

It will thus be seen that the modifications observed in the clasps
of the individual named Thanaos ausonius are well within the limits
of the variation exhibited by the species T. martialis.

I next removed with a bristle a few androconia from the costal
fold of the left wing of "ausonius," and found them identical with
the androconia of martialis.

The only other difference worthy of note is the absence of the hya-
line spots. Of martialis, ninety-one females were examined and one
hundred and twenty males. The number of such areas on a wing
was found to vary from seven to three. The location of the several
spots is shown in fig. 13 and for easy reference I have lettered them.
Xo single specimen had more than seven of the possible eight, the
one + showing a, lacking 9 within the ceil. The most persistent of
these spots are s, % and rh all of which appear in each of the speci-
mens examined. The ? $, as the more conservative element of the
species, constantly show a tendency to retain all ; the rPd1 as the
more variable element tend to lose them. As ausonius is a cf I shall
here give only the results of my examination of the males.

a was missing in 120,

j3 " " " III.

W " " " 109,

) " " " 19,

(5 " " " 6,

t, ,*, // were " " o.

In three specimens £, t and ry, the only ones which persist, are
greatly reduced and of rounded outline, and it does not seem to me
that the loss of these is sufficient warrant for the specific distinction
of a butterfly no second specimen of which has ever been taken.

These hyaline areas are little patches of the membrane which have
been partially denuded of scales, the atrophied insertion of each one
of which is plainly visible with a ,V objective. But the denudation
is only partial, many of the scales persisting, although for the most
part wanting in pigment. Yet not always unpigmented, for occasion-
ally a single one or a group is to be found furnished with the rich
dark brown color of the submarginal spots in which the hyaline areas
are set.

128 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv

There can be no doubt but that ausonius is merely a color sport
of martialis. The wings having been suffused and the fenestrate spots
reclaimed by the scales under conditions which undoubtedly can be
supplied in the laboratory but are not likely to occur very often in
nature.

NOTES ON THE GENUS CARIPETA WITH DE-
SCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES.

By Louis W. Swett,
Maiden, Mass.

In studying the genus Caripeta, I came across a strange error in
the description and figuring of Caripeta artgustiorata Walker, in
Packard's Monograph of the Geometridae. (Vol. X, U. S. Geol.
Survey of the Territories, p. 238.) Entomologists in general have
regarded, I believe, the insect figured by Packard in this monograph
(Plate IX, fig. 52), as the true C. avgustiorata, which I will prove is
incorrect. While reading over the description I noticed it did not
correspond exactly with the plate and this set me thinking, and I
resolved to go over Packard's specimens in the Cambridge Museum
of Comparative Zoology. To my surprise I found a very different
insect from his figure, larger and with yellow streaks on the veins of
the forewings, labelled "Smith, Norway, Me." (two specimens).
Then I went over the collection carefully but could find no moth
like the figure and I thought perhaps the labels had been changed,
but I disproved this theory by finding a similar specimen (Packard
mentions this in Monograph) in the Minot collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History, through the kindness of Mr. C. Johnson.
Working on these lines I found Strecker's description (Lep. Rhop.
Het. Suppl. 2, 9, 1899), of Caripeta seductaria to correspond with
Packard's insects, likewise to Walker's description of C. angustiorata.
Having some ten specimens of each, that is, of Packard's figure, and
his specimens of angustiorata corresponding to seductaria Streck., I
sent a few to Sir George Hampson of the British Museum for com-
parison with Walker's types. He replied that Strecker's C. seductaria
(like specimens in Packard collection at Cambridge), were Walker's
C. angustiorata, this making seductaria a synonym of angustiorata.

Sept.,igo6J S\VETT : NOTES ON THE GENUS CaRIPETA. L29

In reference to the insect Packard figured, it has not been described,
there being a similar specimen in the Grote collection bearing the
label of C angustiorata, which is, of course, wrong, as Walker's
name has priority. Mr. Strecker, no doubt, made his mistake
through Packard's plate. Holland, in his " Moth Book," figures the
true C. angustiorata Walk, very clearly, and Packard in his Monograph
figures (Plate 9, fig. 52) the insect I am going to describe. I wish to
thank Dr. Dyar, of the U. S. National Museum for valuable informa-
tion, also Mr. G. W. Taylor, of Wellington, B. C, Dr. Russel, of
Winchendon, Mass., and Mr. C. W. Johnson for loan of specimens.

Caripeta criminosa, new species.

Smaller than C. angustiorata; general color of fore wings dark reddish fawn;
hind wings pale yellow. Tongue developed, palpi short, antenna? bipectinate in g ,
apex simple, in £ dentate; fore tibia with small tuft of blackish hairs, hind tit ire
swollen ; 2 pairs of spurs with hair pencil in the male

Basal part of fore wing with triangular reddish patch, bordered by a silver white
line of same shape, in some cases breaking through the median brown patch, com-
pletely separating and joining with outer silvery line ; costal spot elongated, small,
as a rule, not so large as in angustiorata ; beyond is a silvery line running from costa
10 inner margin, usually broadened opposite discal dot and again opposite point of
basal silver line ; beyond an ochreous band, then a bluish white irregular land dotted
with black atoms ; fringe reddish brown, tipped with black. Hind wings with no
markings, dotted near border with a few black atoms. Beneath pale yellow, more
ochreous on veins and at margin of wings ; a pale mesial band runs across secondaries,
making two scallops.

Described from two 3\ Winchendon, Mass., one c?\ Franktown,
Nevada (now in the British Museum), one 9, Old Orchard, Maine,
one $, Winchendon, Mass., and one $, Old Orchard, Maine (now
in the U. S. National Museum, type no. 9802).

Can be separated from C. angustiorata by its smaller size, bluish
line near border of fore wing, no silvery streaks on the veins extend-
ing to border and the black atoms on hind wings, with pale mesial
line on under side.

SOME NEW GEOMETRID.E FROM ARIZONA.

By Geo. W. Taylor,
Wellington, B. C.

Among a number of Geometridce kindly lent to me for study by
the U. S. National Museum, I find several that are apparently new to
science. Two of these, both belonging to the genus Sabulodes as
defined by Hulst, are described in the present paper.

Sabulodes arizonata, new species.

Expanse 35 mm.

Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen and all wings above fawn color with an ochreous
tinge, the female being of a rather brighter tint than the male.

Fore wings falcate, more evidently so in the female, hind wings distinctly angled
at vein 4.

Fore wings crossed by 2 straight buff lines (bordered with whitish) more than
twice as distant from one another on the costa as on the inner margin ; discal points
faint.

Hind wings hardly lighter than fore wings ; a single straight extra discal line ;
discal points very small and indistinct.

Beneath uniform pale yellowish fawn, quite without markings in O, but with a
few black specks and the very faintest indications of markings as above, in the $ .

Described from three specimens: d\ Huachuca Mts., Arizona,
May 8-15, U. S. National Museum, type no. 9799 ; rj1, Cochise Co.,
Arizona, April 20, 1904, + , Cochise Co., Arizona, July 5, 1904, in
my own collection.

The three specimens present slight differences and if it should
prove that they are not conspecific, the first-named specimen must
be considered the type of the present species.

Sabulodes arizonata belongs to that group in the genus which con-
tains truxaliaia Guenee, cervinaria Packard, aurantiacaria Packard
and novellata Hulst. From the first three of these arizonata differs
in having the inner line straight instead of gently curved. From
novellata, which also has a straight inner line, it may be distinguished
by the absence of any trace of a submarginal hair line above or below
and by the approximation of the outer and inner lines on the inner
margin of the fore wings.

130

Sept., 1906.] Kunze : Description of Lepidopterous Lary.e. 131

Sabulodes costinotata, new species.

Expanse 35 mm.

This is a species resembling, in almost everything except color, the 9 °f •$"•
• na (= sulphurata Pack. ) .

Palpi, head and collar dull purplish brown. Thorax, abdomen and upper sur-
face of wings pale wood brown, paler than S. furciferata Packard. Markings as in
sulphurata except that both outer and inner lines are more evident. The outer line
is continued across the hind wings but there is no conspicuous spot at the termination
of this line on the inner margin of the wing as there is in sulphurata. Beneath the
markings are reproduced as in sulphurata. Uiscal dots distinct above and below.

The type specimens are three in number and are all females :
Durango, Colorado, U. S. Nat. Museum, type no. 9800 ; Phoenix,
Arizona (two specimens), in my collection.

Sicya snoviaria Hulst.

In the same collection (U. S. Nat. Mus.) there is another speci-
men on which I may comment here.

It is labelled " Santa Catalina Mts., Pinal Co., Arizona, April 8-
15 " and is a 9 apparently conspecific with a c? in my own collec-
tion which I suppose to be the Heteroloclia snoviaria Hulst, described
from New Mexico. Hulst' s type was a single d' and my specimen
agrees well with the description except that it has a conspicuous basal
line on the fore wing which is not mentioned by Hulst.

The $ specimen, however, has simple antennae and very short
palpi and therefore belongs to the genus Sicya and not to Heterolocha
or Neoterpes. If my determination of snoviaria is correct, that species
must be removed to Sicya ; if otherwise then the specimens noted above
will represent a new species in that genus.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE.

By R. E. Kunze, M.D., Pharm.D.,
Ph<enix, Arizona.

Larva of Sphingicampa heiligbrodtii Harvey.
Every autumn I collect on the desert close to the Salt River, near
Phcenix, a few of Gyascutus obliteralus, a good Buprestid found on
Palo Verde {Parkinsonia microphylla) and while thus engaged found
for the first time in nine years the larva of heiligbrodtii. This bril-
liant larva is readily detected, its silvered ornamentation reflected by

132 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xiv.

the sun makes it conspicuous on the tips of the minute-leaved Palo
Verde, a small tree with few branches. Therefore it is impossible that
on previous collecting, it could have escaped detection if present. I
found the larva on September 28 and 29, 1904. From the size I
judged it to be in latter part of third stage.

Larva covered by prominent spinulated tubercles, on a ground color of apple
green. Face green, a white line on each side of triangular space, edged by a nar-
row black line. Mouthparts blackish. On joint 2, a circle of silvered granulation
between spiracles. Thoracic tubercles spinulated, 6 mm. long. On joints 3 and 4,
there are four spinulated tubercles, of which there are two on each side, one above
the other. The subdorsal tubercle is of a purple or violet color, the lateral apple-
green. Spinules of subdorsal tubercle black, those of lateral are green. From
joints 5 and inclusive to 12 there are on each side two silvered tubercles, wedge-
shaped, one above the other, the inferior resting on the infraspiracular line. All the
lateral tubercles on inner side bright red. A circle of silvered granulations just
back of tubercles of each joint. On joint 13, a spinulated tubercle, 4 mm. long,
green on tip, reddish brown at base; spinules tipped with green and whitish at I ase.
Three small, silvered tubercles on last joint above anal plate. Between the dorsal
tubercles of each joint, two silvered granulations. Anal plate lined by a triangle of
white granulations. Thoracic legs green, only granulated at base. Prolegs much
granulated from base to feet or clasping part which is brownish. Abdominal part
concolorous with dorsal. Spiracles black. Infraspiracular line pink with lilac re-
flection, much the same as in H. to.

Length at rest 29 mm. or ii inch, in motion 32 mm. or il inch. Width 5 mm.
or T3g inch.

October 24, 1904, I discovered a full-grown larva of this Sphingi-
campid on a mesquite tree in a grove of my cactus garden, close to
my tent-house, and on the second day went again to the desert, where
I had taken the first larva, with the result of adding four more full-
grown larvae, of which one was crippled. I spent that day and the
following hunting that larva — all on P. microphylla, the leaves of
which are so very small that I offered a larger-leaved species, Park-
insonia torreyana, to my captures, which proved acceptable. I had
torreyana growing in my garden and saved time by using it instead
of the other. The cripple I put in alcohol, and mailed it to Prof. A.
S. Packard. I noticed the following change in this second lot of
larvae, all of which pupated within two days after capture.

General color apple-green. Mouthparts brownish. Antenna; white. Outer or
exterior side of the tubercles white, and but little spinose. Inner side pink, tipped
white, at the base green, little spinose. Small tubercles silvered, tipped pink,
cuneif inn and pointed, the outer surface dazzling in the sunlight like a mirror.
Dorsal row of tubercles longest, 2 mm. long. Subdorsal tubercles 1 '•, mm. long.

Sept., 1906.1 Kunze : Description of Lepidopterous Lary.e. 133

A spinose tubercle on penultimate joint pink, tipped white, at base green. Spiracu-
lar line violet-lavender. Spiracles black, edged white. Thoracic feet green, toes
brownish. Abdominal feet and toes brownish, at base green.

Length at rest, 45 mm.; in motion, 54 mm. ; diameter 8 mm.

Larvae pupated in stone jar, partly filled with a sandy loam, and a
few weeks later removed three pupse, of the usual shape of a Sphin-
gicampa. May 10, 1905, a fine ? emerged, which during the
night oviposited a few ova of a transparent, pea-green tint. August
8th another 9 emerged which not being looked for, had become a
total wreck. Of all the larvae I ever have seen or bred East or West,
this Sphingicampid is the most beautifully marked and ornamented.
Its proper habitat is southeastern Texas and Mexico. I have received
the imago from Comal County, Texas.

Larva of Copidryas cosyra Druce.
During August, 1904, I discovered some larvae feeding on the
tender young joints of a cactus — Opuntia arbuscula, a prickly-pear —
having cylindric branches or segments, of which I cultivated a bed on
my cactus ranch. The plants I had collected fifteen miles north of
town in February of the same year. The larva was of cylindric
shape, olivaceous in color, and more or less covered with fine hairs.
I sent two to Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, with some of the foodplant. The
larvae were inflated for the U. S. Nat. Museum, but he was unable to
recognize the insect. In the meantime I caged a number of good-sized
larvae in a stone jar containing loam, and obtained six or eight pupae,
which transformed a few inches below the surface. Early in the spring
of 1905, I sent all these pupae to Dr. Dyar, inasmuch as I had often to
absent myself, collecting cacti all over this territory for export, and
could not watch the pupae. In due course of time Dr. Dyar informed
me that he had obtained imagines of Copidryas cosyra, from the pupae
I sent him, and requested I should watch for more of these larvae and
take notes during breeding of the same.

Early in August I found this larva again on the prickly pear, from
one half up to three fourths inch in length, and in a few days collected
eleven or twelve larvae. Not having an empty stone jar convenient,
I had to place the young larvae in a tin canister, which was kept inside
of ray tent-house. We had the hottest summer for a decade, with a
temperature of 115 degrees in the shade and the larvae were killed.

The first larvae I found August 9, 1905, and the smallest measured
12 mm. in motion, and 2 mm. in width.

134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

General ground color olivaceous brown. A white dorsal interrupted line, and
two white subdorsal lines. On each joint a transverse row of short black tubercles.
encircled by a white line. A long white hair from the point of the black tubercle.
On joints 2, 3 and 4 were four tubercles, of which the middle ones were smallest. On
joint 5 were four larger tubercles of equal size. On joint 6 were six tubercles, on
joint 7 were eight tubercles, of which some very small. On joint 8 were six tubercles,
two of which much larger. On joints 9 and 10 also six tubercles, but so small on the
last, it was difficult to ascertain exact number. On joint 11 there were four tubercles
in the row, preceded by two anteriorly on the dorsum. On joint 1 2 were placed six
tubercles in two rows like the preceding segment, but larger. On the last joint four
small tubercles. Head black with two wdiite tubercles on occiput. Mouthparts
blackish. Thoracic feet black. Clasper blackish.

August 10 noted a larva of 20 mm. length, 3 mm. width.

Head oval ; a wdiite triangular mark in the middle. On each side two convex
bodies meeting at the vertex, shining, mottled olivaceous and white, covered by a few
small white hairs. Mouthparts blackish. On the second joint twelve black tubercles,
of which two dorsal and two subdorsal, the largest covered by hairs, and the four
lowest crowded together. On third joint are twelve black tubercles, the four upper-
most largest, and the lower lateral only one-fourth as large. On joint 4 the same.
On joints 5, 6 and 7 the two tubercles each side of central dorsal line are larger than
any other of the body. On joint 5 the smallest tubercles number five on each side, on
joint 6 are five tubercles near intraspiracular line, rather crowded, and on joint 7 are
only four on each side. On joint 8 ten tubercles. On joint 9 and 10 twelve tuber-
cles. On joint II ten tubercles, on the penultimate, twelve tubercles. On joint 1 3
are a number of minute, scattered tubercles. Relow the clasper two larger black
tubercles. Thoracic and abdominal legs black. The penultimate and preceding
joint more brownish than olivaceous. Surface of body smooth, shining.

August 19, most of the larvae perished. The last and largest was
28}^ mm. in length, and 6 mm. in width at the middle of the body,
and 5 mm. at penultimate joint.

Longest hairs 4^ mm. in length. The hairs on head and joint 2, as well as on
the penultimate and last joint, only half so long. Width of head 3^ mm. Face oval,
ornamented by black spots. An irregular black groove between checks and vertex.
Eyes black, edged white above. Lips whitish. Ground color ivory white. Pour
white longitudinal lines '4 mm. in width, irregular in outline. Infraspiracular line
not quite so wide. There is more white color on joints 5 and II than any other.
The white of joint 3 uniform in width. Tubercles on all joints longer, otherwise
much the same. Joint 12 is much wider than any other. Anal plate irrorated black
on white surface. Clasper much the same in color as the prolegs, with black on
outer parts. Spiracles black, encircled by a wdiite line. Exterior surface of thoracic
feet pitchy black, shining, the same as external surface of prolegs. Inner side of
thoracic' feet cinereous. Inner side of prolegs white. Between prolegs the adominal
surface is a kind of pinkish ochraceous. On the segment anteriorly to prolegs, the
black tubercles edged white, form a continuous band around body, but smaller on the
abdominal surface, also hairs or. the abdominal tubercles. The general ground color
is more ligneous than olivaceous as previously.

Class I, HEXAPODA.

Order XI, ORTHOPTERA.

Order XII, DERMAPTERA.

REPORT ON THE ORTHOPTERA OF TRINIDAD,
WEST INDIES.

By Lawrence Bruner,
Lincoln, Nebraska.

Several years ago Mr. H. I). Chipman collected insects on the
Island of Trinidad, British West Indies, and the writer secured a
fairly complete set of the Orthoptera taken by him. Since that time
a few additional forms have been obtained from G. E. Tryhane, of St.
Anne's, Trinidad, and others from W. E. Broadway, of St. George's
Grenada, who formerly collected on Trinidad. Altogether upwards
of one hundred (112) species have thus been accumulated and form
the basis of this paper.

Unlike others of the West Indies, this island is more closely related
to the South American mainland in its fauna than they. Still a rather
large number of new forms are described herewith, showing how very
interesting is the study of island faunas, although but little removed
from the mainland.

In 1892 Brunner von Wattenwyl and Prof. Joseph Redtenbacher
published a paper on the Orthoptera of the Island of St. Vincent.*
A little more than a year later Brunner von Wattenwyl reported on
the Orthoptera of Grenada. f In the former paper fifteen and in the
latter nine new species were described. Quite recently Mr. Jas. A.
G. Rehn published some " Notes on West Indian Orthoptera, with a
List of the Species Known from the Island of Porto Rico."];

In the first- mentioned paper 62, in the second 56 and in the last
59 species are listed. Aside from these faunal papers on the Orthop-

*Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, No. XV, pp. 196-222, Pis. xv-xvii.

■\Ib., 1S93, pp. 599-611, PI. lii.

% Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXIX, pp. 129-136 (1903).

1 35

i:-56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xiv.

tera of the West Indies, that on the Orthoptera of Cuba by Ignacio
Bolivar with 145 species, are the only important papers we have.

It may be inferred from these facts, however, that each of the
other islands of the group will furnish undescribed genera and species
of closely related forms — those that have become so differentiated by
long isolation under changed environment. Why not institute a
systematic campaign for learning what all of these nearby islands con-
tain in the way of insect life? This should by rights be done by
American entomologists.

The arrangement of the non saltatorial families in this paper is
after Kirby's Synonymic Catalogue of the Orthoptera, Vol. I.

Order DERMAPTERA.
Although the members of this order are not Orthoptera as now
recognized, they have been so long considered as such that it is
thought best to include them here. At least five species are at hand,
four of which seem to be new. They are the following :

1. Labia trinitatis, new species.

A small, dark brown insect with a plain black head, pronotum, tegmina and
wing sheaths, in which the disk of the abdomen above the forceps are reddish ma-
hogany-colored. Hody provided with a few stout bristles at sides of abdominal
segments. Antennae 10-13 jointed, dusky at base but becoming paler apically —
the last two or three being obscure testaceous. Legs of normal length, the femora
moderately stout ; the latter dull black except apically where they are testaceous, the
tibia?, except on basal half where they are infuscated and tarsi pale testaceous. Head
wider than the pronotum, the clypeus, labium and other mouthparts dirty testaceous.
Pronotum about as long as wide, the sides parallel, hind margin broadly rounded, the
front edge a little angulate, the shoulders each provided with a conspicuous anteriorly
projecting bristle ; the disk forward moderately convex and showing a well-defined
longitudinal sulcus. Tegmina a little more than twice as long as broad, their apices
gently obliquely truncate, the surface smooth and shining. Wing-sheaths fully de-
veloped. Abdomen broadened in the middle, segments 2 and 3 showing slight traces
of lateral folds ; the last dorsal segment of male abdomen a little narrowed behind,
its posterior edge straight and possessing a slight protuberance above the base of each
prong of the forceps. The latter short, moderately robust at base where they are
widely separated, their inner edge provided with a carina which ends in a small
tooth, parallel for about one third their length, beyond this tooth tapering and evenly
curved so that the tips cross on outer fourth. The arms of the female forceps also
quite robust at base, but tapering quite rapidly, the inner edges touching and the
apices gently crossing.

Length of body, :r, 5.5 mm., ?, 5.25 mm., of forceps, cf,
1. 1 mm., 9, .85 mm.

Sept.,1906] Brunek : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 137

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, H. D. Chipman, collector, i cf
and i $.

2. Labia insularis, new species.

A medium-sized, almost naked, smooth-bodied insect with from 14- to 16-jointed
antennae, and in which the wing-sheaths are "largely testaceous in the center
basally. Basal joint of antennae and legs pale testaceous, the latter somewhat in-
fuscated on the femora mesially and tibia; basally. The labium, together with labial
and maxillary palpi, also somewhat pale-colored. Head dull black, the eyes large
and prominent, rather coarsely granulate. Pronotum about as broad as long, the
sides gently bowed ; dull black, becoming brownish on the thinner lateral edges.
Tegmina brown with a small testaceous longitudinal shoulder streak, about twice as
long as their greatest width, their apices obliquely docked, the truncation gently con-
cave. Wing-sheaths moderately large, reaching to the middle of third abdominal
segment. Abdomen with the surface polished and only delicately punctate, the sides
tun vex, broadest about the middle ; the disk above dark mahogany brown, the base,
apex and sides much darker, nearly or quite black ; lower side testaceous basally be-
coming ferruginous apically. .Forceps moderately stout, nearly straight and provided
internally basally with a short flattened plate or projection the edges of which touch,
beyond irregularly crenulate, scarcely toothed, the apices gently crossed.

Length of body 9 (?), 8.5 mm ; of forceps, 1.85 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, West Indies, H. D. Chipman,
collector.

In this insect the last dorsal segment of the abdomen is a trifle more
than three and one half times as broad as long, coarsely punctulate,
the sides gently rounded and converging posteriorly, the hind edge
straight ; middle of posterior portion lowered and provided with a
central shallow depression.

3. Labia modesta, new species.

Very similar in general appearance to the preceding but differing from it in its
somewhat smaller size, slightly more hairy body, the fewer antennal joints ( 13-14),
the absence of the testaceous shoulder stripes on the tegmina, the smaller basal light
spots of wing .sheaths which in the present form are lateral rather than central —
there being no border of the dark color externally as in L. insularis. Here the thin
lateral edges of the gradually broadening pronotum are transparent. The disk of
dorsal segments 4, 5, and 6 are brownish testaceous. Lower side along with legs
pale testaceous, the latter, with the femora above strongly infuscated. Last dorsal
segment smooth, about twice as wide as long, narrowing behind, the middle triangu-
larly depressed between centers of bases of the two prongs of forceps and provided
with a series of small, round, wart-like raised points. Forceps with their inner edges
not laminate, not quite touching basally, evenly tapering, carinate above, crenulate
on inner edge, the points crossing.

Length of body, d\ 7 mm.; of forceps, 1.6 mm.

138 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Habitat. —Island of Trinidad, West Indies, H. D. Chipman, col-
lector, a single specimen.

4. Labia pictipennis, new species.

A large rather robust black species with ferruginous head, small black eves and
yellowish testaceous legs in which the tegmina and wing-sheaths are each provided
with a large conspicuous spot ot a bright yellowish orange color. The pronotum also
more or less strongly bordered at sides with yellowish testaceous, sometimes its disk
anteriorly likewise ferrugineo-testaceous. Antenna- 13- to 15-jointed, the two basal
and one half of the third of the same color as head, the third and fourth joints from
the apex are pale testaceous, remaining joints black. Whole insect sparsely clothed
with rather long stiff hairs or bristles which are especially noticeable on the hind
edges of femora and abdominal segments. Pronotum small, narrower than the head,
about as long as wide, a little narrowed behind, the latter margin rounded ; anterior
half of disk roundly convex, with a well-marked longitudinal sulcus which becomes
very pronounced on the depressed posterior half where it seems to issue from between
two diverging, backward pointing carinre. Tegmina about two and one half times as
long as broad, their apices slightly obliquely docked ; wing sheaths reaching a little
beyond the apex of the second abdominal segment. Abdomen somewhat broadening
at middle; last dorsal segment about twice as wide as long, a little narrowing behind,
and provided above with faint longitudinal grooves or scratches. Anal forceps simple,
short, heavy, triangular, their inner edges not quite touching at base, bluntly toothed
or crenulate within, the tips crossing.

Length of body, rj\ 16-17 mm.; of forceps, 2.55 mm.
Habitat. — -Trinidad Island, H. D. Chipman, collector, 2
Joints 1 and 2 of tarsi are unusually hairy below.

5. Spongiphora croceipennis var. parallela Westwood.

Forficula parallela Westw., in Guer. Mag. Zool., VII, pi. 17S ( 1837).
Forjicula longiforcipata Blanch , in d'Orbigny Voy. Am. Merid., VI, ii, Ins. p.
214, pi. 26, tig. 1 (1837-1843).

Forjicesila longissima J. G. Wood, Ins. Abroad, p. 279, fig. 139 (1877).
Spongiphora croceipennis parallela Bormans, Tierr, 11 Lief., p. 56 (ioco).

This species is represented by six specimens which were collected
by H. D. Chipman. They belong to the variety i/>, according to A.
de Bormans and H. Krauss (see Thierreich, 11 Lieferung, p. 56).

Xo doubt several other genera and species of the Forficulid?e are
represented on the island.

Order ORTHOPTERA.

Family BLATTID.E.

6. Anaplecta sp.

There is a single specimen of this genus at hand that has not yet
been determined. It was taken by Chipman at Port of Spain.

Sept., 1906

Bruner: The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 139

7. Chorisoneura mysteca Sauss.?

A second small cockroach that was taken at the same place by Mr.
Chipman is referred here with some doubt.

8 Ischnoptera sp.

A single specimen about the size of, and bearing considerable re-
semblance to I. uhleriana Sauss., was taken near Port of Spain by
Chipman.

9. Phyllodromia notata Brunner ?

Phyllodromia notata Brunner, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 602, pi. 52,
figs. I a, b.

There are two specimens from near Port of Spain that appear to
belong to Brunner' s P. notata. They were also collected by Chipman.

10. Phyllodromia adspersicollis Stal.

Blatta adspersi ollis Stal, Eugenie's Resa, Ins., p. 308 (1S58); Sauss., Miss.
Mex., Orthopt., p. 35, pi. h fi§- 22 (l87o).

Phyllodromia adspersicollis Brunn., Syst. Blatt., p. 107 (1865).

Blatta nahua Sauss., Rev. Zool., Ser. 2, XX, p. 355 (1S68); Sauss. and
Zehntn. Biol. Cent. Amer. Orth., I, p. 42, pi. 4, figs- 19-21 ( 1893).

This species is represented by six specimens, all of which were
taken near Port of Spain by H. D. Chipman. It seems to be one of
the few species which in time is destined to become widely spread in
tropical countries.

11. Phyllodromia conspersa Brunner.

Phyllodromia conspersa Brunn., Syst. Blatt., p. 106, No. 24 (1865).

The collections received from Mr. H. D. Chipman contain two
specimens of this species. They were collected on the Island of
Trinidad.

12. Phyllodromia sp.

There are two specimens of a pale species of this genus which are
• a trifle smaller than the preceding. They were collected by Mr. Chip-
man and sent to me along with a number of other interesting Orthop-
tera taken near Port of Spain.

13. Phyllodromia infuscata, new species.

Still another and rather slender small species of this genus is rep-
resented by a single specimen taken by Chipman near Port of Spain on
Trinidad Island. It seems to be new.

Dark piceous, with paler border to the pronotum in front and on the sides, and
on the costal margin of the elytra as well. The pronotum is marked on the d,sk pos-

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

teriorly by a rather large triangular yellow spot that gives off a narrow forward pro.
jecting shoot in its middle. The head is dark, save about the base of antennae and
clypeus, where the color is testaceous. Venter pale, with a dusky vitta on each
side of the middle. Cerci heavy, 10-jointed, the basal one testaceous, the rest dark.
Length to tip of wings, 10.5 millimeters.

The type is in the writer's collection.

14. Phyllodromia (?) binotata, new species.

A single O (?) specimen from H. D. Chipman is included in this genus with
much doubt. It is dark colored and has the femora almost destitute of spines ; the
tegmina are a little longer than the abdomen and veined similarly to those of Phyllo-
dromia. The cerci are rather incrassate, but acuminate, 9- or 10-jointed. The an-
tennse are coarse and the joints decidedly moniliform in appearance. Ihe character-
istic marking is two small pale triangular spots on the disk of the pronotum towards
its hind margin.

Length, including wings, 9.5 millimeters.

15. Pseudophyllodromia sp.

Two specimens are placed in this genus, but no attempt has been
made to determine the species. These insects are in the collection
obtained from Chipman. They were taken near Port of Spain. In
color they are ^ark piceous with pale legs, lateral borders of pronotum
and costal margin of tegmina. In size they measure S millimeters,
including tegmina and wings.

16. Nyctobora mexicana Sauss.

Nyctobora mexicana Sauss., Rev. et. Mag. Zool., XIV, p. 227 (1862).
Nyctobora stygia Walk., Cat. Blatt., Brit. Mus., p. 148, No. 9 (1868).

A single female specimen collected on the Island of Trinidad and
sent to me by W. E. Broadway, of St. George's, Island of Grenada, is
placed here.

17. Phoraspis sp.

There is a single somewhat mutilated specimen of Plioraspis before
me from Trinidad Island. It was taken by W. E. Broadway, from
whom it was obtained along with some other miscellaneous orthopterous
insects. This insect is somewhat similar to P. pantherina, but differs
from it in having the sides of the pronotum and anterior lateral mar-
gins of the tegmina testaceous and evenly conspersed with black.

18. Epilampra cribrosa Burmeister ?

1 and 3 f ¥ from H. D. Chipman, who collected them in the
woods near Port of Spain.

Sept,igc6.] Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 141

19. Epilampra brevis Brunner ?

There are a like number of a second species from the same locality
and person which seem to belong to Brunner' s E. brevis.

20. Blatta (Stylopiga) meridionalis, new species.

A medium-sized species of glossy black color in which both sexes are entirely
apterous, not showing even the slightest signs of the aborted lateral tegmina as figured
for insularis. The distinguishing characteristic of the species, however, is the dirty
white palpi, which are very conspicuous in comparison with the otherwise general
pitchy black color of the insect.

In size this cockroach is somewhat smaller than orientalis. It is also more
compactly built and darker colored, while its entire body is smooth and impunctate.
The only variation from the general black color, except the palpi as indicated above,
are the antenna' on their apical half, the legs on their coxie, the front edge of the
femora, the knees and parts of the tarsi which incline to rufo-piceous. The legs are
quite strongly spined. The spines on the posterior edge of the anterior femora both
above and below are much smaller than those on the other legs, the number fourteen
or fifteen in each row. The middle and hind pairs have this part provided with a
series of seven both above and below. The apical dorsal segment or supraanal
plate of the £> abdomen is triangular with its tip evenly rounded, while the last ven-
tral is prow-shaped and pointed. In the $ the upper plate is slightly transverse
with rounded lateral edges and a slight longitudinal median furrow which gives to it
a somewhat bilobed appearance. The cerci are moderately long and robust in both
sexes.

Length of body, d\ 16, 9, 23 ; of pronotum, d\ 4, 9, 5-4o ;
greatest width of pronotum cJ\ 6, 9, 7 millimeters.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, 1 (?, 1 ? (H. D. Chipman, col-
lector).

The types are in the author's collection.

21. Periplaneta americana Linneus.

This cosmopolitan species is represented by several specimens.
It was also collected by Mr. Chipman, presumably in Port of Spain.

22. Periplaneta australasise Fabricius.

Likewise from Port of Spain. Taken by Chipman. Like the
preceding a cosmopolitan insect, but more especially confined to the
warmer parts that are visited by ocean shipping.

23. Leucophaea surinamensis Linneus.

There are also several specimens of the above-named cosmo-
politan roach. They come from Mr. Chipman and were taken in the
interior of the Island of Trinidad.

142 Journal New York: Entomological Society. [v<>i xiv

24. Panchlora virescens Thunberg.

Blatla virescens Thunb., Mem. Acad. St'. Petersb., X, p. 27S (1826) ; Serv.,
Ins. Orthoptera, p. 101 (1839).

Blatla (Pachlora) virescens Guer., in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Ins., p.
344 (1857).

Two female specimens of the genus without the black dots on the
elytra are placed here. Collected by H. D. Chipman.

25. Panchlora viridis Burmeister.

Panchlora viridis Burm., Handb. Ent. , ii, p. 506 (183S).

Panchlora poeyi Sauss. , Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1862, p. 230; lb., Mem.
Blatt., p. 194 ( $ )■

A single male from Chipman taken near Port of Spain seems to
agree perfectly with the description of viridis. It also lacks the dot
on the tegmina.

26. Panchlora peruana Sauss.

This, the most abundant as well as widely distributed species of the
genus, is represented by a pair. They were also taken by Mr. Chip-
man in the forests on the Island of Trinidad. It is the insect that
is most frequently carried in bunches of bananas to various parts
of the United States. One or two of the other species are like-
wise thus carried.

27. Archimandrita marmorata Stoll ?

Blatta marmorata Stoll, Spectres, Blattes, p. 3, pi. 2d, fig. 5 (1S13).

Blabera marmorata Sauss., Mem. Mex. Blatt., p. 249 (1S64) ; Brunn., Syst.
Blatt., p. 37S ( 1S65).

Archimandrita marmorata Sauss., & Zehntn. Biol. Cent. Araer., I, p. 1 1 6
(1894).

A single mature nymph is placed here with some doubt. It cer-
tainly does not belong to the next genus. Collected by W. E.
Broadway.

28. Blabera stollii Brunner.

Blatla gigayitea Stoll, Rep. Spectres, etc., p. 2, PI. id, fig. I (1S13).
Blabera stolii Brunn., Syst. Blatt., p. 374 (1865).

A single specimen of this giant cockroach was sent to me by W.
E. Broadway who collected it on the Island of Trinidad.

29 Blabera fusca Brunner.

Blabera fusca Brunn.. Syst. Blatt, p. 376 (1865).

A single female specimen from near Port of Spain is placed here.
It was collected by H. D. Chipman.

Sept., 1906.] Bruner: The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 143

30. Blabera cubensis Saussure.

Blabera cubensis Sauss., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., Ser. 2, XVI, p. 347 (1864).
Blabera subspurcata Walk., Cat. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 4 (1864).

This species is represented by but a single specimen, a female,
that was collected at the same time and place with the preceding by
Chipman.

These large blattids are not plentiful although there are numerous
forms, many of which are rather widely distributed. They usually
come into collections a specimen at a time.

31. Latindia castanea Brunner.

Latindia castanea Brunn., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 604.
A single individual from near Port of Spain, H. D. Chipman
collector.

Family MANTIDvE.

32. Acontista multicolor Saussure.

Acontista tmtllicolor Sauss., Mitth. Schvveiz. Ent. Ges. Ill, p. 229 (1S70).
Two undoubted females and four possible males of this species are
before me as I write. They were taken by H. D. Chipman.

33. Tithrone roseipennis Saussure.

Acontista roseipennis Sauss., Mitth., Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Ill, 229 (1870).
Tithrone roseipennis, Sauss. & Zehntn., Vol. I, p. 139 (1894).

Three specimens, 1 c? and 2 9 9, are at hand. H. D. Chipman,
collector.

34. Liturgousa cayennesis Saussure.

Two females of this insect are among the material received from
H. D. Chipman. They come from the interior of the island.

35. Mionyx surinamus Saussure.

Thespis surinama Sauss., Mitth., Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Ill, p. 70 (1869).
Mxwnia Surinam Stal., Bihanjj. S/emlta Akai., iv, pp. 63, 64 (1877).

One specimen, a male, was taken along with the preceding by Mr.
Chipman.

36. Acanthops sp.

W. E. Broadway sent me two specimens of an Acantlwps which
he collected on the Island of Trinidad several years ago. They are
dead-leaf brown and about the size and form of A. godmani Sauss.
Their much darker color, however, seems to indicate their distinct-
ness. It is hardly possible that this is an undescribed species.

144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

37. Oxyops rubicunda Stoll.

Mantis rubicunda Stoll, Reps. Spectres, Mantes, p. 73, Fl. 25, fig. 26 (1813).
Stagmatoptera diluta, $ (nee Q )> S.iuss., Mem. Mex. Mant., p. 87, pi. 1, fig.
6(1871).

A single specimen, a female, is at hand. It was collected and
sent to me from Port of Spain by H. D. Chipman.

38. Parastagmatoptera vitrepennis, new species.

Most closely related to /'. unipuncta (Burm.) and /'. tessellala Sauss. et Zehnt.,
from both of which it differs in its somewhat smaller size, slenderer form (?) and
shorter tegmina. The prothorax is almost without the marginal dentation of uni-
puncta, while the tegmina are considerably shcrter than the wings. The margi-
nal field of 'he former is green and opaque on the basal half.

Lower inner apical third of coxa.' black. Prothorax, coxae and femora, to-
gether with antenna; and marginal border of folded tegmina and outer portion wings,
testaceo ferruginous ; the head and tibiae with a greenish tinge. Greater portion of
the tegmina and wings vitreous, very faintly greenish tinged.

Length of body, s\ 34, of pronotum, 12, width of its dilation,
2.15, length of tegmina, 24, width of tegmina, 6, of the marginal
field, 1.4 mm.

Habitat. — A single male, Trinidad, W. I. (H. D. Chipman,
Coll.) The type is in the author's collection.

39. Stagmatoptera prsecaria Linneus.

Gryllus [Mantis) prcecarius Linn.. Syst. Nat. (ed. X), I, p. 426, No. 7 ( 175S) .

Mantis precaria DeGeer, Mem. Ins., Ill, pp. 406, 407, No. 3, pi. ^7, figs. 4,
8, 9 (1773).

And a number of synonyms.

Habitat. — W. E. Broadway has sent me 1 S and 2 + ^ of this
common large South American mantis. It was collected on the
Island of Trinidad.

Family PHASMID.E.

40. Clonistria linearis Drury ?

Jim/is linearis Dru., Illustr. Exot. Ent. I, pi. 50, fig. 3 ( 1773 I-
Bacteria linearis Gray, Syn. Phasm., p. 17 (1835); Westw. Gat. Phasm. Brit.
Mus., p. 24, No. 64 (1859).

(?) Clonistria linearis Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1904, p. 60.
Pseudobacteria longiceps Kby., Ann. Nat. Hist. (6), III, p. 503 ( [S89).

The collections contain a number of immature Phasmids from
Trinidad, while only two fully matured specimens are at hand. A
male may be the linearis of Drury. If so, a female taken at the same
time may prove to be its female. It is of a very dark gray-brown

Sept.,i9o6.] Bruner : The Orthopteka of Trinidad. 145

color, rather robust in form, somewhat granulose, and provided with 3
longitudinal carin?e on the dorsum of thorax and abdomen, on the
latter the median one is looped or linked so as to appear as a chain, a
link to a segment. The head is provided on the occiput, with two
fairly prominent short spines or horns between and a little back of the
eyes. The legs are a trifle more robust and shorter than those of the
male, while its antennce are also much shorter. Its length is 50 mm.
A number of younger specimens show a great variation in color.
Some are green, others testaceous and still others ferruginous.

41. Acanthoclonia histrinus Westwood.

Ceroys histrinus Westw., Cat. Phasm. Brit. Mus., p. 60, No. 156, pi. 1, fig. 5.
A single female specimen by H. D. Chipman on Trinidad.

Family ACRIDID.-E.

Subfamily Tettigix.e.

42. Amorphopus notabilis Serville.

Amorphopus notabilis Serv., Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt., p. 757, pi. 13, fig. 2
1839).

There are two specimens, i, and ?, in the collection made by
H. D. Chipman on the Island of Trinidad. One of these was ex-
amined by Dr. J. L. Hancock.

43. Amorphopus antennatus Bolivar.

Amorphopus antennatus Bol., Essai des Tettig., p. 77, pi. II, figs. 19, iga-d
887).

Of this species the collections contain nine specimens. They were
collected by Messrs. Chipman and Broadway. It is the common
species of the genus in Central America, the West Indies and northern
South America.

44. Tettix gracilis, new species

A small and very slender species in which the median carina of the pronotum is
slightly arched just back of its anterior margin, less prominent elsewhere but quite
plain throughout. The entire insect is rather finely and sharply granular. Vertex
about as wide as the diameter of the prominent eyes, with a strong median carina,
but little advanced in front of the eyes ; frontal costa broad and very prominent be-
tween the antenna;.

Length of body, d\ 6, of pronotum, 9.5, of hind femora, 4 mm.
Habitat. — Trinidad, West Indies, 2 males. H. D. Chipman.
These specimens were examined by Dr. Hancock and pronounced
not typical, but still evidently belonging to the genus Tettix.

146 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

45. Allotettix chipmani, new species.

A very graceful species with unusually elongated pronotum and wings. Eyes
rather prominent, the vertex about as wide as one of the eyes, only a trifle projecting
beyond their anterior edge, broadly sulcate and provided with a strong median carina
which reaches back nearly to the front edge of the pronotum, antero lateral edges
rounded and furnished with prominent carinas. Face rounded and furnished with
prominent carina;. Face viewed in profile rather oblique, strongly sinuate, the fron-
tal costa between the antenna profound and deeply sulcate, gently widening below.
Antennae arising just below the eyes, slender. Ocelli located about the middle of
inner edge of eyes, of ordinary size. Pronotum narrow, the process greatly attenu-
ate and surpassing the tips of hind femora by their own length ; the median carina
percurrent, a little prominent in advance of the humeral angles just back of the ante-
rior margin ; the latter squarely truncate ; disk of pronotum both rugose and finely
granulate, the ruga;, particularly in widest portion, inclining to form longitudinal or
diagonal carina; ; lower posterior angles rounded. Tegmina normal. Anterior
and middle femora not clypeate, about normal, the hind femora a little elongate.
First and third joints of hind tarsi subequal.

General color dull black or brown, conspersed with testaceous, much paler be-
neath. Tarsal joints black-tipped. Wings dusky apically, and with the disk dark
purplish pearl color.

Length of body, cf, 7 mm., 9, 9 num.; of pronotum, c?, 12
mm., 9, 14-15 mm.; of hind femora, cf, 5 mm., 9, 6-6.25 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad and adjoining portions of British
Guiana, H. D. Chipman and R. J. Crew, collectors, many specimens
of both sexes (Coll. L. Bruner).

46. Micronotus quadriundulatus Redtenbacher.

Tetlix quadriundulatus Redt., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 208, PI. XVI,

tig. 10.

This insect is represented by several specimens of both sexes. H.
D. Chipman, collector.

An examination of this material seems to indicate ihatquJriu/iJu-
latus is either very variable or else there are two or more closely re-
lated species found upon the island of Trinidad. In the first examina-
tion a smoother form with but three undulations of the pronotum was
set aside under the name Micronotus hancocki. Another and later
examination reveals a third form in which there are five such undula-
tions. To definitely settle this matter a much larger series of speci-
mens is necessary.

Two or three additional forms appear among the excellent collec-
tion of these interesting little locusts that were received from Mr.
Chipman, but they will be reported on at a later date after they have

SePt.,i9o6.] Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 147

been critically studied by Dr. J. L. Hancock, who is making a special
study of the subfamily.

47. Tettigidea trinitatis, new species.

Characterized by its rather slender form, small size, spicate anterior edge and
evenly granulate surface of pronotum above, the long wings and pronotal process, and
by the pale lower half of body and anterior and middle legs of male.

Pronotum with the antero-dorsal edge strongly angulate and produced upon the
occiput in an acute forward projecting spine that reaches as far as the middle of upper
edges of the rather large and prominent eyes. Vertex rather narrow, a little more
than half the diameter of one of the eyes, projecting slightly in advance of them.
Frontal costa narrow, not prominent, deeply sulcate. Antennae moderately long,
pale basally in the males, more or less annulate in the females. Face not greatly
oblique. Tegmina narrow, the lower apical edge broadly rounded, the upper apical
edge angulate, crossed just before the apex by an oblique narrow pale patch. Hind
femora robust in the female, usually provided with a median broad pale band. Gen-
eral color varying from pale to obscure brown, the legs and abdomen of the female
more or less conspersed and banded with testaceous. Head of male below the base
of antennae and eyes uniformly dirty white ; lower lateral edges of pronotum, all of
under side, front and middle legs, base of hind femora, tips of hind tibia;, the tarsi
and most of abdomen also of this color.

Length of body, d\ 6-75-7 mm., ?, 9 mm.; of pronotum, d,
S mm., ?, 9.5 mm.; of hind femora, cf1, 4.60-4.75, ?, 5.5-6 mm.

Habitat. — 2 ■ and 6 V, Trinidad Island, H. D. Chipman,
collector (Coll. L. Bruner).

48. Tettigidea imperfecta, new species.

A small dark-colored, slender-bodied insect with greatly abbreviated wings and
small narrow apically light blotched tegmina, in which the process of pronotum
scarcely reaches the tip of the abdomen. Very finely granulate and without the short
lateral longitudinal ridges so commonly met with on the disk of the pronotum in vari-
ous species of the genus; median carina prominent throughout, the disk anteriorly
gently tectate ; antero-dorsal edge decidedly angulate but not cuspidate in the single
£> now before the writer, though a $ nymph of what is apparently the same species
has the anteriorly projecting spine strongly developed. Eyes of moderate size ;
width of vertex a trifle more than one half of the longest diameter of eyes, slightly
advanced in front, broadly and shallowly sulcate and without a median carina save
at the extreme anterior edge. Face somewhat oblique and sinuate when viewed from
the side; frontal costa quite prominent between the antennae, sulcate, its greatest
width slightly more than that of basal antennal joint. Posterior femora robust and
uncommonly smooth even for the genus. Valves of the ovipositor short and slender.

General color above uniform dark brown, almost black, the lower side, together
with legs, varied with dirty testaceous ; the anterior and middle tibiae annulate with
black — all the feet black-tipped.

Length of body, i, 9 mm.; of pronotum, 8 mm.; of hind femora,

5.5 mm.

1-18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Habitat. — i ? and perhaps also a $ nymph, Island of Trinidad,
West Indies, collected by H. D. Chipman (Coil. L. Bruner.)

49 Paurotarsus rugosus, new species

Rather robust and with the surface of pronotum and head above more than com-
monly rugose, the rugte on disk of former appearing as numerous blunt longitudinal
ridges of varying length. The sexes not greatly unequal in size.

Head short and broad ; eyes rather small and separated above by a space a little
wider than their greatest diameter ; vertex broadly convex, very rough, notched later-
ally at middle of eyes, considerably advanced in front, provided in the middle with a
prominent carina, the antero-lateral edges rounded and provided with well-marked
carinse, which, however, do not reach the middle in front. Frontal costa very promi-
nent and broad, the lateral edges heavy and rather profoundly divergent below, sili-
cate from the extreme vertex. Lateral facial carina strong, arcuate, extending from
the base of the antennce to lateral edges of base of clypeus. Lateral ocelli very
prominent, situated above the middle of inner edges of eyes and against the sides of
frontal costa. Antenna; filiform, 18- or 19-jointed, about reaching the base of teg-
mina, situated a trifle above a line drawn from the lower edge of eyes, the basal joint
rather large. Posterior lateral angle of pronotum not at all produced, the lower and
posterior edges meeting in a right-angle. Antero-dorsal process of pronotum not ad-
vanced upon the occiput ; in both sexes extending slightly beyond the tip of the hind
femora, the latter slightly surpassing the apex of abdomen ; tip of male abdomen long
and tapering, apex of last ventral segment rather deeply notched ; valves of ovipositor
long and wedge-shaped, rather strongly serrate. Hind femora large and course,
somewhat longer in proportion to the size of the insect than usual in members of the
TettigiiKu.

General color dull brownish black, more or less varied on pronotum above and
on the legs with dirty ferrugineo-testaceous — the venter irregularly mottled with tes-
taceous, the valves of ovipositor pale with darker apex.

Length of body, i', 11 mm., + , 13 mm.; of pronotum, r?
11 mm., 9, 12.5 mm.; of hind femora, tf, 6.5 mm., ?, 7.25 mm.

Habitat. — 1 cT and 1 ?, Island of Trinidad, West Indies, H. D..
Chipman, collector (Coll. L. Bruner).

Subfamily Eutryxalin.e.

50. Eumastax sp.

A single nymph of a species of Eumastax was collected and sent
to me by G. E. Tryhane, of St. Anne's. It seems to be most closely
related to the E. plebja Gerst., but in the absence of mature speci-
mens cannot be definitely determined.

Subfamily Tryxalin.e.

51. Amblytropidia trinitatis Bruner.

Amblytropidia trinitatis Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., II, p. 65 (1904).

Sept., 1906.] Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 149

This species is represented by seven males and three females col-
lected by Mr. H. D. Chipman near Port of Spain. It also occurs on
the main land at Demerara, British Guiana.

52. Orphullela punctata DeGeer.

Acrydium punctatum DeG., Mem. Hist. Ins., Ill, p. 503, pi. 42, fig. 12 (1773).
Orphula punctata Stal, Recens. Orthopt. , I, pp. 106, 107 (1873).
Orphula ( Orphullela') punctata Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, IX, No. 184,
p. 12 (1894).

Several specimens of both sexes. They were taken at various
localities on the island by all the collectors.

\Yhile the genus contains numerous representatives in North and
Middle America, there is but little doubt as to the identity of De-
Geer's species.

53. Orphullela chipmani, new species.

A small species of variable color with the lateral carinas of the pronotum parallel
in advance of the hind transverse sulcus, and with unusually narrow tegmina.

Occiput somewhat elongate, the eyes large but not prominent, the fastigium
slightly acuminate even in the female, shallowly sulcate ; lateral foveolae small, linear,
scarcely sulcate, frontal costa prominent only above, very shallowly sulcate and with
the sides gently divergent below. Antennae slender, filiform, short, in the male
only a trifle exceeding, in the female somewhat less than the combined length of head
and pronotum together. Pronotum a little expanding behind, the two lobes equal in
length, the lateral carina; parallel in advance of the last or principal sulcus. Teg-
mina narrow, the discoidal area in the 9 containing but a single row of cells, just
about reaching the apex of abdomen and hind femora in the female, equal to the lat-
ter but longer than the former in the male. Hind femora with basal half robust,
apical half slender, immaculate.

Color variable, but usually green or testaceous on occiput, disc of pronotum and
dorsal field of tegmina. Sides of head, back of eyes, upper half of sides of pronotum
and pleurae, and disk and costal field of tegmina dark fuscous ; face, lower portion of
cheeks, sides of pronotum, pleurae, hind femora, abdomen and under side pale (male).
In the female the fuscus band back of the eyes is much narrower and confined to the
upper edge of the sides of pronotum and the tegmina are much paler and show traces
of maculation. The wings are fuliginous or fuscous, darkest apically. Hind femora
somewhat obscure on the knees, and the hind tibiae along with all the tarsi also in-
fuscated.

Length of body, d\ 12-13, ?j J& '> OI" pronotum, rj\ 2.2, 9,
2.9 : of tegmina, f\ 9.5-10, 9, 12-13 : OI" hind femora, d\ 7.5 5,
9.5 mm.

Habitat. — Interior of Island of Trinidad, several specimens of
both sexes. H. D. Chipman, collector.

150 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

54. Orphullela insularis, new species.

Specimens of what appear to be a third species of Orphullela are among the
collections received from both Mr. Chipman and Mr. Tryhane. They are about the
size of the preceding from which they differ in their slightly more robust form, the
shorter and somewhat flattened antennae, the smaller eyes, the more obtuse fastigium
of the vertex, the gently arcuate lateral carina; of the pronotum, the slightly broader
tegmina and more robust hind femora. In color they vary from a pale brunneo-tes-
taceous to a dull brown. Some female specimens show the usual dusky pronotal and
pleural markings, while others are without them. Both the males and the females
have the tegmina quite evenly maculate with pale to darker fuscous patches similar to
those so characteristic in the considerably larger O. punctata DeGeer. The hind
femora of the males have prominent traces of a fuscous band across the upper edge,
while the lower outer carina is adorned with 4 to 6 elongate fuscous maculations.
Anterior and middle tibia; fasciate with fuscous, the hind tibia; somewhat infuscate.
Sides of basal abdominal segments piceous.

Length of body, t7, 13.5, 9, iS ; of pronotum, rj\ 2.9, ?,
3.25; of tegmina, r, 12, 9, 13.5; of hind femora. ,8, . 9.5-
10 mm.

Habitat. — Trinidad, West Indies.

This insect will run close to meridionalis Brunei", in the synoptic
table of the genus as given in the Biologia Centrali Americana, but by
comparison with that species shows a number of differences.

Subfamily Acridiin.e.

55. Prionolopha serrata Linneeus.

-There are at hand two males and a female of this widely distrib-
uted South American locust. They were received from H. D. Chip-
mann, who collected them on the Island of Trinidad.

56. Tropidacris dux Drury.

One male and two females (H. D. Chipman), a pair (W. E.
Broadway), and female (G. E. Tryhane).

For thesynonomy of this handsome large locust see Scudder's arti-
cle entitled "A Study of the Giant Lobe-crested Grasshoppers of South
and Central America."

57. Prionacris ? sp.

Mr. G. E. Tryhane sent to me among other interesting Orthop-
tera taken on the Island of Trinidad a young nymph which seems to
belong to the genus Prionacris. It is black, marked with dashes of
yellow. There are three such markings, which are oblique, on each
side of the disk of the pronotum, and the hind femora are thrice
banded with the same color.

Sept.,1906.] Bruxer : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 151

Group Leptysmini and allies.

From the collections at hand it would appear that at least one
half of the American genera of Acridians with the dilated and acute-
edged hind tibiae are represented on the Island of Trinidad. This
being true, and because there is likewise a new genus now to be added
to the group, a synoptic table of the genera is herewith given :

Table for the Separation of the American Genera of Leptvsma
and Allies.*

*This table is a modification of Giglio-Tos' (Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed
Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino, No. 311, XIII, pp. 40-50, 1898).

A. Posterior tibire slightly expanding apically, the margins acute.

/». Mesosternal lobes with their inner edges nearly straight and touching for most
of their length. Elytra acuminate.
c. Fastigium of the vertex as long as, or longer than, the longest diameter
of eyes.
d. Fastigium of the vertex furnished with decided longitudinal grooves
or sulci.

e. With but a single profound sulcus Leptysma Stal.

ee. With four such narrow but well-defined sulci.

Leptysmina G. Tos.
dd. Fastigium of the vertex without definite longitudinal sulci.

Cylindrotettix n. gen.

cc. Fastigium of the vertex shorter than the eyes Arnilia Stal.

bb. Mesosternal lobes more or less distant. Tegmina subacuminate or rounded at
apex.
c. Posterior margin of the pronotum rounded.

d. Tubercle of the presternum transverse, broad, the ajex truncate.

Oxybleptella G. Tos.
dd. Tubercle of the pronotum conical, more or less acute.

e. Body very graceful or slender. The front strongly oblique.
Head much exserted, conical. Antennae distinctly ensiform.
Eyes rather elongate, viewed from above strongly convergent,
meeting at an acute angle. Pronotum distinctly di'ated pos-
teriorly, the lower edge of sides straight, oblique. Tegmina

somewhat dilated toward apex Inusia G. Tos.

ee. Body heavier. The front less oblique. Head only gently ex-
serted, not conical. Antenme filiform, or a little suben-
siform. Eyes not at all or but little elongated, when
viewed from above slightly convergent, forming an obtuse
angle. Pronotum not or but little dilated posteriorly ;
the lower edge of sides straight on posterior half, emargi-
nate on anterior half. Tegmina narrow towards apex.

152 Journal New York Entomological Societv. [Vol xiv

f. Pronotum cylindrical, the dorsum straight viewed laterally,
the metazona not elevated. Frontal costa below the
ocellus and the lateral carina; of the face subobsolete.

Eyes rather oblique, less prominent Stenopola Stal.

ff. Pronotum gently dilated posteriorly, the dorsum when
viewed laterally sinuate, subselliform, the metazona
gently elevated, the humeral angles rather distinct.
Frontal costa and lateral carince of the face distinct.
Eyes less oblique'and strongly prominent. .Henia G. Tos.
cc. Posterior margin of the pronotum obtusangulate.

d. Angle of the posterior margin of the pronotum entire, not incised.

Tegmina greatly surpassing the hind femora.

e. Frontal costa rather prominent between the antennae, subdilated.

Eyes rather strongly convergent and somewhat remote from

the front edge of the pronotum. Tegmina with their apices

subacuminate Cornops Scudd.

ee. Frontal costa less prominent between the antennae, not dilated.
Eyes less convergent, not distant from the front edge of the
pronotum. Tegmina with their apices distinctly rounded.

Paracornops G. Tos.
<ld. Angle of the posterior margin of the pronotum greatly incised.
Tegmina not surpassing the hind femora.
e. Frontal costa percurrent, sulcate throughout. Fastigium of

vertex subhorizontal Mastusia Stal.

ee. Frontal costa subobsolete below the ocellus, not sulcate. F"asti-

gium declivant Tetratsenia Stal.

.1.1. Posterior tibia; not or but little expanded apically, the margins rounded.

Copiocera Burm.
58. Leptysma minima, new species.

Cylindrical, slender, small General color (alcoholic) pale ferrugineo-testaceous,
without any signs of the usual paler or darker elongate lateral lines.

Head large, considerably longer and a little wider than the front edge of the
pronotum. Eyes large, oblique, not prominent, a little longer than that portion of the
cheeks below them. The fastigium separated from the very narrow vertex by a rather
deep notch, suddenly expanded so as to become even with the outer front edge of the
eyes and a little longer than one of them, roundly angulate in front and provided with
a broad and rather profound median sulcus. Antenna- as long as the head and pro-
notum combined, broadly ensiform. Pronotum pinched laterally in the middle, a
little broader in front than behind, the surface somewhat punctate, especially on the
hind lobe, which is much shorter than the anterior one. Tegmina long, narrow,
lanceolate, with comparatively few veins, extending somewhat beyond the apex of
the abdomen. Hind femora slender and weak, much shorter than the abdomen.
Hind tibiae with 16 spines in outer row and 25 in inner row.

Length of body, ?, 29; of head, 6 ; of pronotum, 3.5 ; of hind
femora, 10; of tegmina 23 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, W. E. Broadway, collector (Coll.
L. Burner).

Sept., 1906.1 Bruner: The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 153

This insect is nearest to L. gracilis Bruner, a species that comes from
Brazil and which has recently been recognized as distinct from L.
filiformis Serv. It has been .described in the Proceedings of the
U. S. National Museum in connection with other forms from South
America.

Genus CYLINDROTETTIX new.

Aside from the characters mentioned in the foregoing table a few additional
characters should be given as follows: Head long and pointed; the eyes very
oblique, not prominent, about as far apart above as the width of the second antenna]
joint ; fastigium equallv as long as the eyes, its upper side rounded, its apex as in
Leptysmina, antennae strongly ensiform, as long as the head and pronotum together
frontal costa prominent and sulcate above the ocellus to a point slightly in advance of
the apex of fastigium where it suddenly narrows to a mere ridge, below the ocellus
faint. Pronotum a trifle longer than the occiput, its surface strongly punctulate, all
three transverse sulci well-defined, the median carina present but not prominent
except on the hind lobe ; front and hind margins rounded above, the former with the
middle squarely docked. Prosternal spine of moderate size and enlarged apically,
gently directed to the rear. Legs weak, slender and short ; hind femora reaching
but little beyond the basal two thirds of abdomen ; hind tibiae considerably shorter
than the femora, with nine or ten weak spines in outer row. Tegmina long and
slender, reaching considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Valves of the
ovipositor rather short and tapering rapidly towards the moderately hooked apices ;
the upper ones provided above basally with a single prominent black tubercle, the
lower pair each with three fairly large tubercles.

59. Cylindrotettix insularis, new species.

General color grass-green with a ferruginous tinge to thorax above and tegmina.
The usual greenish-white line beginning at lower posterior edge of eyes and passing
back to lower edge of pronotum and across pleurae to base of hind femora. \ ace
apple green; antennae ferruginous, eyes aeneous; anterior and middle legs green;
lower side pale greenish yellow.

? . Length of body, 38-42 ; of antennae, 14 ; of fastigium, 3 ; of
pronotum, 5.75; of tegmina, 33-36; of hind femora, 15.5 mm.

Habitat. — 2 ? 9, Trinidad Island, West Indies, H. D. Chipman,
collector (Coll. L. Bruner).

60. Arnilia cylindrodes Stal?

There is a single male specimen of Arnilia in the collection from
Trinidad which is determined with some doubt as Stal's Opsomala
cylindrodes. Although it agrees well with a female specimen taken
by the writer at Victoria, Brazil, and another from Demerara, British
Guiana, a careful comparison of the structure of the last ventral seg-
ment of the male abdomen in specimens from Florida, Mexico and
South America, shows this to vary much. Our North American

154 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xiv.

(Southeastern U. S.) specimens are certainly distinct from those
coming from South America. These insects will be more carefully
examined later and the results published in a special paper now in
course of preparation.

61. Inusia chimpani, new species.

Very similar to /. gracillima G.-Tos, but differing from it in its somewhat larger
size and darker color.

Head, except on the sides back of the eyes, strongly punctate. Eyes prominent,
separated above by a very narrow space which is sulcate ; the fastigium somewhat
ascending, elongate, triangular, shorter than the eyes, rugosely punctate or verrucose,
carinate anteriorly. Face viewed in profile broadly concave, the median costa sulcate
and coarsely punctate; lateral carina- sharp. Antennae distinctly but not broadly
ensiform, nearly as long as the hind femora. Pronotum somewhat dilated on the
posterior lobe, punctate, more strongly so on the hind lobe. Lower lateral edges in
the female straight, in the male a very little sinuate. Tegmina considerably sur-
passing both the abdomen and hind femora, the extreme apex subacuminate. Hind
femora just reaching ( 9 ) or considerably surpassing ( $ ) the apex of the abdomen,
their genicular lobes somewhat acuminate. Hind tibiae only gently dilated apically,
provided externally with seven and internally with nine spines Last ventral segment
of male abdomen short and rather blunt, the apex entire. Valves of ovipositor short
and slender.

General color above dark fusco-ferruginous, below greenish testaceous, separated
on the sides by a narrow, deep black band which reaches from the hind edge of the
eyes to just above the base of the hind femora. The latter greenish, their apices
with a ferruginous tinge and marked on their inner genre with black ; hind tibia? pale
glaucous, infuscated basally. Dorsum of abdomen fuscous. Antenna- dark ferrug-
inous. Wings infuscated.

Length of body, rj\ 20, ?, 25 ; of pronotum, f, 3.9, ?, 4.5 ;
of tegmina, -. , 20, ?, 24; of hind femora, ~, 11.5, -, 14 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, six males and one female, H. D.
Chipman, collector, 1 11, VV. E. Broadway (Coll. L. Bruner).

This insect occurs in British Guiana as well. Still another species
of the genus is found in portions of Mexico and Central America.

62. Stenopola limbatipennis Stal ?

Three males and one female from the interior of the island are
referred here with some doubt. They were collected by H. D.
Chipman.

63. Cornops bivittatum Scudder ?

Another species of these aquatic or subaquatic Arcridians, which
was taken by Mr. Chipman is represented by three specimens 1 ~
and 2 9 ?. It is doubtfully referred to Scudder's Comops bivittatum
until it can be studied more carefully.

sePt..i8o6.i Bruner : Th e Orthoptera of Trinidad. L55

64. Copiocera erythrogastra Perty.

Xiphocera erythrogastra Perty., Delect. Anim. Artie, p. 122, pi. 24, fig. 2 ( 1830).

Copiocera erythrogastra Brum., Handb. Ent., II, p. 612 (1838).

?Gjyllus euceros Marschall, Ann. W'ien. Mus., 1836, p. 206, pi. 18, fig. 8 f 1836).

A single female of this species was sent to me by Mr. H. D
Chipman, who took it on Trinidad.

65. Vilerna seneo-oculata DeGeer.

Acridium (Bneo-oculatiim DeG., Mem. Ill, p. 5°2> p'- 42j fig I! 1773^.
Vilerna (vnio-oculata Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, p. 71 (1873).
Acridium sanguinipes Serv. , Hist. Orthopt., p. 670 (1839).

A number of specimens of both sexes taken by H. D. Chipman,
on Trinidad. I also have specimens from British Guiana.

66. Sitalces trinitatis, new species.

Rather above the medium in size, a little robust. Sides of head, lower edges of
pronotum and pleura to base of middle legs marked with a white line. The male
with a broad pale dorsal band and green legs. The female without the pale dorsal
band, the legs ferrugineo-testaceous, heavily conspersed with fuscous. Hind tibice
deep glaucous.

Head a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, eyes large and promi-
nent, aeneous ; vertex as broad as the first ( 9 ) or lne second ( $ ) antenna] joint, the
fastigium slightly depressed, blunt ; lateral foveolEe subquadrate, about the size and
just in front of the ocelli ; frontal costa prominent above, of nearly equal width, con-
tinuous and gently sulcate to the clypeus, coarsely punctate above the sulcus. Pro-
notum without lateral carina?, coarsely punctate, a little expanding on the posterior
lobe which is only half as long as the anterior one, the transverse sulci rather pro-
found, anterior edge truncate, the posterior edge of disk a little emarginate, lower
edges strongly sinuose. Tegmina spatulate, long and slender, quite ( $ ) or nearly
( 9 ) reaching the hind margin of the first abdominal segment. Hind femora com-
paratively robust, reaching the apex of the abdomen in the female, or surpassing it in
the male by the length of the knees. Prosternal spine broad at base, the apex acumi-
nate. Hind tibi?e 8-spined in outer row. Legs and apex of abdomen hirsute.

Head of male dirty white except a triangular patch on the occiput, sides of head
back of eyes, a little patch below each antenna and the lower margin of cheeks and
labrum which are deep brown or black. In the female the head is dark ferruginous
varied with fuscous save on the cheeks below where it is much paler. Palpi white.
Pronotum of the male deep chocolate brown except the pale dorsal stripe and lower
edges, becoming black immediately where joining the pale portions ; meso- and meta-
thorax siniilarly colored as is also the first abdominal segment ; segments 2-4 with
broad lateral black patches. Sides of metathorax with a narrow oblique white line.
Hind femora in male pale olive green, palest inside and below, the apical lunules alone
black or piceous ; in the female brownish testaceous with an oblique fuscous band on
outer face of basal half and some dusky marks along the carinae, inner face largely
black as are also the apical lunules. Sides of abdominal segments 2 to 4 less broadly
black than in the males.

156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv

Length of body, -7, 15, 9, 18 ; of pronotum, cf, 3-3> ?, 3-85 5
of tegmina, -r, 2.85, ?, 3; of hind femora, f, 9, i, 10.5 mm.
Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, a single pair in coitu, taken by G.
E. Tryhane, of St. Anne's (Coll. L. Bruner).

67. Schistocerca columbina Thunberg.

Gryllus columbinus Thunb , Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, p. 399, 425 (1824).
Ac-idium (Schistocerca) columbinum Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, p. 67 (1873).
Schistocerca columbina Brunn.-Redt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 210.

Although no specimens of this insect are at hand in the material
before me it is known to occur on the Island of Trinidad, as well as
on the mainland and most of the West Indian Islands. It is smaller
than 6". simulatrix Walker, to which it bears some resemblance.

68. Schistocerca simulatrix Walker.

Cyrtacanthacris simulatrix Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV, p. 610
(1870).

Schistocerca simulatrix Scudd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sciences, XXXIV,
p. 454 (1S99).

There are three specimens of what seems to be Walker's simula-
trix at hand. They were collected by H. D. Chipman.

69. Schistocerca pallens Thunberg.

Gryllus pallens Thunb., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, p. 237 (1815).
Acridium {Schistocerca) pallens Brunn.-Redt., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p.
210.

This last locust is widely distributed over tropical America, and
while no specimens are contained in the collections at hand from
Trinidad, it is known to occur on that island.

70. Schistocerca americana Drury.

There are two specimens, 1 ■$ and 1 + , at hand from Trinidad.
They were received from W. E. Broadway.

The synonomy of this species can be ascertained by referring to
Scudder's paper entitled " The Genus Schistocerca."

71. Osmilia ccelestis Burmeister.

Acridium ccelestre Burm., Handb. Ent., II, p. 634 (1838).
Osmilia ccelestis lirunn., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1S93, p. 606.

This insect is represented by a rather large number of specimens of
both sexes. They were taken by both H. D. Chipman and G. E.
Tryhane. It also occurs on the Island of Grenada, as well as in British
Guiana and other parts of tropical South America.

sePt..i9o6.i Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. l.")7

Just how it differs from Gryllus violaceus of Thunberg I cannot
say, not having had the time to examine into the matter carefully.

Family LOCUSTID^E.

72. Anaulacomera antillarum Brunner.

Anaulacomera antillarum Brunn., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 189', p. 607.

A single 9 of this species is before me from Trinidad It was
collected by H. D. Chipman.

73. Anaulacomera furcata Brunner.

Anaulacomera furcata Brunn., Monog. Phaneropt., p. 287 (187S).
One specimen, a female, was sent to me by Mr. Chipman, who
collected it on the Island of Trinidad.

75. Anaulacomera laticauda Brunner?

Anaulacomera laticauda Brunn., Monog. Phaneropt., p. 292 (1878).

Still another species of the genus is represented by a single male
and female. They seem to belong to A. laticauda, but do not quite
agree with Brunner's description. As it is a more or less variable
insect, I am inclined to place it here rather than with lativertex, from
which it differs also. It was collected by H. D. Chipman.

76. Ctenophlebia zetterstedti Stal

Phylloptera zetterstedti Stal, Orthopt. Freg. Eugene, Resa, p. 322 (i860).
Ctenophlebia zetterstedti, Stal, Recens Orthopt., 2, p. 37.

Two males of this insect were received from Chipman, who col-
lected them in the interior of the Island of Trinidad.

77. Plagioptera bicordata Serville.

Locnsta bicordata Ser/., Ency. Meth., X, p. 143 (1S25).
Pycnopalpa bicordata Serv , Hist. Orthopt., p. 408 (1838).

Plagioptera bicordata Brunn., Monog. Phaneropt., p. 323, pi. VII, fig. 93
(1S78).

Only a single female of this oddly marked katydid is at hand. It
was captured and sent to me by Mr. H. D. Chipman. He took it in
Trinidad.

78. Microcentrum angustatum Brunner ?

Microcentrum angustatum Brunn., Monogr. Phaneropt., p. 335 (1S78).

A single male is placed here. It was taken by Chipman on Trinidad
Island.

l.">.s Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

79. Microcentrum lanceolatum Burmeister.

Phylloptera lanceolala Burm., Handb. Ent., II, p. 692 (1S39).
Microcentrum lanceolatum Brunn., Monog. Phaneropt., p. 335, pi. VII, fig. 97
(1878).

Phylloptera laurifolia de Haan, Bijdr., p. 197.
Phylloptera salviccfolia Sauss.. < Irthopt., Nov. Amer., p. 8.

Two females collected by Chipman are determined as belonging
to this species.

80. Philophyllia guttulata Stal.

Philophyllia guttulata Stal, Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forhandb., 30, 4, p. 40 (1873) ;
Brunn., Monogr. Phaneropt., p. 350, fig. 102 (1878).

Locusta laurijolin Thunb., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, p. 281 (1815).

The collections contain a male from Chipman and a female from
\Y. E. Broadway.

81. Philophyllia latior Brunner.

Philophyllia latior Brunn., Monogr. Phaneropt., p. 551 (1878).

A single female of this second species of the genus is at hand, H.
D. Chipman, collector.

82. Stilpnochlora marginella Serville.

Phylloptera marginella Serv., Hist. Ins. Orthopt., p. 405 (1839).
Stilpnochlora marginella Stal, Recens Orthopt., 2, p. 44.
Phylloptera thoracica Burm., Handb. Ent. II, p. 693 (1838).
Microcentrum thoracicum Scudd. , Bost. journ. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 447.
Phylloptera couloniana Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool. (?), XIII, p. 128 (O)
< 1S61).

A male specimen of this common large katydid was sent to me by
W. E. Broadway who collected it on the Island of Trinidad.

83. Peucestes coronatus Stal.

Peue est es coronatus Stal, Recens Orthopt. , 2, p. 45 ; Brunner, Monogr. Phaneropt.
p. 366 (1S78) ; Sauss. et Pict. Biol. Cent. Amer., I, p. 307, pi. XVIII, fig. I, £
{1898).

Two beautiful specimens, both males, were taken by H. D.
Chipman.

Subfamily Pseudophyllin.e.

84. Brisilis chipmani, new species.

General color griseous varied with fuscous. About the size of B. tenebrosa, but
differing from that species in color and by having the hind wings tessellate instead of
unicolorous.

Front piceous bordered with black. Inner basal half of mandibles also black-
Sides and disk of pronotum more or less varied with fuscous, the hind lobe unitubercu-

Sept., 1901.] Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. L59

late on each side of disk in front. Tegmina having a sort of maculate appearance due
to the fuscous background and the pale testaceous veins, nervures and veinlets, the
latter of which are drawn together in clusters leaving darker spots without them.
Spines of legs compressed or flattened, hairy and more or less curved apically ; 3-5
minute ones on the inner side of anterior, 4 larger on outer side of intermediate, and
9 on outer carina of posterior femora; those on hind tibiae above strong, inside 12
and longer, outside 10 and weaker. Hind femora with a dash of black internally
near the base. Ovipositor serrato-crenulate on upper edge, near the apex with three
transverse rugae and the same number of round tubercles. Subgenital plate trianou-
pate with the apex rather acutely and deeply emarginate. Pro-, meso-, and meta-
sternum together with inner side of middle and hind femora, and the middle tibia;
shining black. Ovipositor piceous, inclining to black apically. Antennae broadly
annulate with pale and dusky.

Length of body, cT, 35, 9, 4°-42 ; of pronotum, cT, 8.25, 9,
10.15; of tegmina, cT, 4-5> ?> 53-57 ; of anterior femora, tf, 13,
9, 15 ; of hind femora, rj\ 26, 9, 31-34; of ovipositor, 27-29 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, H. D. Chipman, collector, 2 d\
1 9, W. E. Broadway.

85. Platyphyllum (?) modestum, new species

Rather below the medium in size, testaceous varied with small fuscous streaks
along the veins of tegmina.

Front strongly oblique, testaceous. Pronotum rugose, the transverse sulci deep.
Tegmina rough, testaceous varied with a few dark streaks along the veins. Meso-
and metasternum unicolorous, dark testaceous. Wings a little infuscated, not tes-
sellate. Legs shortly pilose. Anterior femora a little compressed and arcuate at base,
above carinate on apical third, 5-spined below on anterior margin ; middle pair 4-
spined ; anterior and middle tibiae without spines above; hind femora 7- or 8-spined.
Subgenital plate triangular, not notched. Ovipositor of moderate size, nearly straight,
the disk towards the apex provided with two or three transverse ruga;, pale at base,
piceous at apex.

Length of body, 9, 29, of pronotum, 6.75, of tegmina, 28,
width of tegmina, 7, length of anterior femora, 9, of hind femora, 17,
of ovipositor, 14 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, H. D. Chipman, collector. A
single female specimen.

This insect does not agree very well with the diagnosis of the genus
Platyphyllum, but insisted on running there when going over the syn-
optic table of genera in Brunner's Monograph of the Pseudophyllidas.

86. Meroncidius atrispinosus, new species.

A little above the medium in size, anterior and middle femora provided with four
black spines ; hind femora 8-spined, these likewise black.

Testaceous. Antenna? unicolorous, testaceous. Pronotum unicolorous, rather

l<;o Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xiv.

coarsely granulose, very faintly tuberculate in front, the transverse sulci rather pro-
found, especially the posterior one ; lateral lobes with the lower edge very strongly
bordered. Tegmina surpassing the tips of hind femora and nearly reaching the apex
of the ovipositor, their posterior edge faintly brownish piceous, otherwise testaceous.
Wings ample, infumate, the cross-veins fuscous. Ovipositor not unusually heavy or
long, its apical third tapering, the apex slender and gently upcurved, black, the
basal part testaceous. Last ventral segment or subgenital plate broadly bilobed, the
middle deeply emarginate, the apex of the lobes truncate. Disk of ovipositor with-
out any distinct ruga;.

Length of body, 9, 42, of pronotum, 9, of tegmina, 48, width
of tegmina, 11, length of anterior femora, 14, of hind femora, 30 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, 1 £ , W. E. Broadway, collector.

There is before me a second 9 specimen taken by the same
person, which lacks the spines on the anterior femora as well as all
traces of the auditory apparatus. Otherwise, the two are the same in
every respect. It is possible that this second insect met with an
accident very early in its life which resulted in the removal of auditory
apparatus and spines. Not only the spines on the legs but a space
about their base is likewise black.

87. Bliastes insularis, new species.

Size medium or small. General color pale testaceous. Occiput provided with a
large triangular black patch, the apex of which is directed anteriorly ; the fastigium
and down middle of face to ocellus shiny black ; base of the clypeus and lower face,
together with the labrum, black. Antenna; pale testaceous throughout. Pronotum
granulose, the posterior lobe shortest and having the lateral angles and hind marg n
blackish ; last transverse sulcus back of the middle, quite profound. Tegmina
rather narrow, their apex rounded, all the veins and veinlets pale testaceous, near the
base with a faint greenish tinge, the background pale brown giving these members a
slightly speckled appearance where the veinlets are missing or further apart than
usual. Wings likewise pale, a very little infuscated apically. Anterior femora
4-spined ; intermediate 3-spined ; hind pair with 5-7 pale-colored ones that are
black-tipped. Genicular lobes of hind femora both internally and externally
rounded. Anterior and middle tibia; above without spines, the former somewhat
fuscous on upper side save at auditory apparatus which is testaceous, giving to it a
banded appearance. Ovipositor gently curved, dark piceous, the base and a longi-
tudinal median line testaceous.

Length of body, V, 34; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 36; of
hind femora, 18 mm.

Habitat. — Island of Trinidad, West Indies, January, two females,
H. D. Chipman, collector.

88. Diophanes perspicillatus Stoll.

Perspicillata Stoll, Kept. Spect., etc., pi. VIII, a, figs. 23, 24 (17N7 .

SePt.,i9o6.] Bruner": The Orthopteka of Trinidad. 161

Diophanes perspicillatus Brunn., Monog. Pseudophyll., p. 242, fi« 109 (1895L
Locusta salvifolium Licht, Trans. Linn. Soc. I.ond., 1Y, p. 51.
Platyphyllum salvifolium Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins., X, p. 139.
Diophanes rosaceus Stal, Obs. Ortbopt., I, p. 39 (1875).

W. E. Broadway sent me a single female of this beautiful insect
with the statement that it was captured on the Island of Trinidad.

Subfamily Conocephalin.e:.

89. Exocephala viridis Redtenbacher.

Exocephala viridis Redt., Monog. Conoeephalidce, p. 347, 23 (1891).

A single female specimen of this species was collected on Trinidad
Island and sent to the writer by H. D. Chipman.

90. Conocephalus guttatus Serville.

Conocephalus guttatus Serv., Hist. Ins. Orthopt., p. 518 (1839).
Conocephalus guttatus Redt., Monog. ConocepbaL, p. 78, 392, fig. 33 (1891).
? Gryllus obtusus Stoll., Spectres, etc., pi. XVIII, b, fig. 64 (1815).

This species is represented by three females (H. D. Chipman,
collector).

91. Conocephalus pichincha? Bolivar.

Conocephalus pichincha Bob, Artropods Viaje al Paeif., p. 100 (1S84) ; Redt.,
Monog. Conocephal, p. 78, 392, 1S91.

One male (H. D. Chipman).

92. Conocephalus maxilosus Fabricius.

Locusta maxillosa Fabr. , Ent. Syst, II, p. 37 (1794).
Conocephalus maxillosus Serv., Hist. Ins. Ortbopt., p. 520 (1839).

There are two specimens of this species before me. One, a male,
was collected by H. D. Chipman, and the other, a female, was re-
ceived from W. E. Br adway.

93. Conocephalus frater Redtenbacher.

Conocephalus f rater Redt., Monog. Conocephal., p. 85, 399, 1891.
Only a single male of this species is at hand. It comes from Mr.
Chipman, who took it on Trinidad Island.

94. Conocephalus nigrolimbatus Redtenbacher.

Conocephalus nigrolimbatus Redt., Monog. Conocephal., p. 87, 401, 1891.

This is the fifth Conocephalus at hand from Trinidad. It is a male
specimen from Mr. Chipman.

95. Xipbidium propinquum Redtenbacher.

XipliiJium propinqnnm Redt., Monog. Conocephal., p. 208, 522 (1891).

]iii' Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv,

There are two females of a species of Xiphidium at hand which are
determined as above. They were received from Mr. G. E. Trvhane,
of St. Anne's, Trinidad.

96. Thysdrus virens Thunberg.

Thysdrus virens Thunb., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, p. 274 (1815); Redt.,
Monog. Conocephal., p. 224, 538 (1891).

Phlu>*is chrysopa Bol., Orthopt. Cuba, p. 37 (18S8).

Four female specimens from H. D. Chipman and one from Mr.
Tryhane represent this widely distributed species.

97. Thysdrus mantispa Bolivar.

Ph lu^is mantispa Bol., Orthopt. Cuba, p. 39 (18S8).

Only a single specimen of this insect is at hand. It comes from
H. D. Chipman who took it on the Island of Trinidad.

Family GRYLLIlCF.

Subfamily Gryli.otali'IN.-e.

98. Gryllotalpa hexadactyla Perty.

Gryllotalpa hexadactyla Pert}', Del. Anim. Artie. Brasil, p. 119, pi. 23, fig. 9
(1830).

This widely distributed mole cricket of the tropics was taken by
Chipman. One specimen is before me.

99. Scapteriscus didactylus Latreille

Gryllotalpa didactyla Latr., Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins., XII, p. 122 (1S02).
Scapteriscus didactylus Scudd., Mem. Peabody Acad. Sci., I, p. 10, pi. 1,
figs. 1,14 (1869).

This second mole cricket was collected by both Broadway and
Chipman. A number of specimens are in the collections which form
the bases for this report. This insect is a plague in some of the
sugar cane fields of tropical America.

Subfamily Tridactvlin/E.

100. Tridactylus (Heteropus) histrio Saussure.

Tridactylus (Heteropus) histrio Sauss., Biol. Cent. Amei Orthopt., I, p. 207
(1S96).

There are several specimens of this little cricket before me. They
were collected by H. D. Chipman on the Island of Trinidad.

101. Rhipipteryx rivularia Saussure.

Rhipipteryx rivularia ^auss., Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., I, p. 212, pi. XI,

fig. 20 (1896).

Sept., i9oS.] Bruner : The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 163

Seventeen individuals represent this really pretty little insect.
They come from Chipman and Tryhane. No doubt several other rep-
resentatives of the subfamily are to be found on the island.

Subfamily Gryllin/e.

102. Nemobius trinitatis Scudder.

Nemobius trinitatis Scudd., Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, IV, p. 104 (1896).
Mr. Chipman also sent a single female of this species. It agrees
with Scudder's description in every respect.

103. Anurogryllus muticus DeGeer.

Grvllus muticus DeG., Mem. Ins., Ill, p. 520, pi. 43, fig. 2(5).

Gryllodes muticus Sauss., Miss. Scient. Mex., Orthopt., p. 41 1, 1 ($, O ), pi.
7, fig- 9 ( 2 )•

I find a male specimen among a small collection of pinned insects
which was recently received from W. E. Broadway. He collected it
on the Island of Trinidad.

104. Gryllus assimilis Fabricius.

Gryllus assimilis Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 2S0 (1775).

Gryllus assimilis Sauss., Miss. Mex., Orthopt., p. 396, pi. 8, figs. 27-29 ( 1870).

Gryllus verticalis Serv., Hist. Orthop., p. 343 ( O ) (1839).

Gryllus aztecus Sauss., Rev. et Mag Zool., XI, p. 316 (1859).

Gryllus cubensis Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XI, p. 316 (1859).

These names, together with a number of others used by Walker and
some of the different writers on Orthoptera, constitute the synonymy
of the present species.

Only a single female specimen collected by Mr. Chipman is at
hand, from the Island of Trinidad.

105. Miogryllus pusillus Burmeister.

Gryllus pusillus Burm., Handb. Ent., II, p. 733 ( 183S) ; Sauss., Mel. Orthopt.,
5e Fasc, p. 362, pi. XI, fig. 7.

Gryllodes pusillus Sauss., Miss. Scient Mex., Orthopt., p. 416, pi. 7, fig. 6 ( O ).
Miogryllus pusillus Sauss., Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., I, p. 227.

This is still another South American cricket that has found its way
to the Island of Trinidad. It is represented by a single male that was
obtained by Mr. Chipman who sent me about all of the good things.

Subfamily Myrmecophylin/e.

106. Ectatoderus insularis, new species.

The present species is most nearly related to E. alatus Sauss., a Brazilian insect,
from which it differs in being considerably larger, in lacking the pale border to the

1(')4 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

posterior edges of the pronotum and abdominal segments and in having the disk of
the pronotum ferruginous instead of brownish testaceous. The pronotum is broadly
rounded behind and projects beyond the pronotum about one half as far as their ex-
treme width ; the tegmina are testaceous, and have their sides and apex broadly bor-
dered with fuscous ; the speculum is triangular.

( ieneral color of head, legs and wings testaceous, more or less varied with pale
brown ; pronotum ferruginous, abdomen fuscous inclining to black apically. The
entire- insect is sparsely squamulose and hirsute, the legs especially are provided with
a number of long bristle like hairs.

Length of body, ,-f, 10.5 ; of pronotum, 3.8 ; of tegmina beyond
the pronotum, 2 ; of hind femora, 6.25 mm.

Habitat. — A single male collected on the Island of Trinidad by
H. D. Chipman. (Coll. L. Brunei".)

This specimen is more or less mutilated, being much rubbed and
minus the cerci. In some respects it seems to agree more closely to
the genus Liphophts but in its facial and hind tarsal characters agrees
more closely with Ectatoderus.

Subfamily Trk ;onidin\e.

107. Cyrtoxiphus gundlachi Saussure.

( yrtoxiphm gundlachi Sauss., Miss. Scient. Mex., Orthopt., p. 373 (1870).

A single male specimen received from H. D. Chipman is referred
here.

108. Cyrtoxiphu9 vittatus Bolivar?

Cyrtoxiphus vittatus Bol., Mem. Soc. Zool. France., I, p. 159 (18SS).

A pair of little crickets belonging to a second species of this
genus from Trinidad are referred doubtfully to vittatus since this spe-
cies seems to be quite generally distributed throughout the West
Indies. Mr. Chipman was the collector.

Subfamily ( Kcanthina;.

109. Ectecou8 cantans Saussure.

Ectecous cantans Sauss., Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., I, p. 244, pi. XII, figs.
8, 9, 10 (1899).

I have a single male specimen which has been determined as this
species. It was collected by Chipman.

no. CEcanthus immaculatus, new species.

A long, slender-bodied, pale, greenish-white species without any trace of
black dots or other markings on face or basal antennal joints. Tegmina reaching
tip of hind femora, the wings caudate, fully 4 mm. longer than the elytra. Hind

Sept.,1906.] Bruner: The Orthoptera of Trinidad. 165

tibia; provided with three rather conspicuous spines on inner side of apical third, and
two less conspicuous ones on outer side. Pronotum about twice as long as broad,
the greatest width immediately above the base of anterior legs. Ovipositor rather
heavy and with the apical portion gently upturned ; anal stylets longer than oviposi-
tor, quite slender, and roundly bent downwards on < uter third.

Length of body, 13.5 mm.; of pronotum, 2.9 mm.; of tegmina,
12 mm.; of wings, 16 mm.; of hind femora, 10 mm.

Habitat. — ? 1 , Island of Trinidad, West Indies, H. B. Chipman
collector. (Coll. L. Bruner.)

Subfamily Eneopterin.*:.
hi. Apithes annulicornis Saussure.

Apithes annulicornis Sauss., Miss. Scient. Mex., Orthopt., p. 491 (1870).

A single female specimen collected by Chipman on the Island of
Trinidad.

112. Aphonus silens Saussure ?

Aplionus silens Sauss., Melang. Orthopt. Gryll., p. 805 (1878).

I find a single rather large gryllid among the collections obtained
by Chipman on the Island of Trinidad which is referred here with
some doubt.

In addition to the insects listed and described on the preceding
pages there are at least four or five additional forms which I have not
yet determined. Two or three belong to the Tettiginae as referred to
on a previous page, another to the Phaneropterinae and the last to the
Gryllidae. These will be reported upon later in a separate paper.

JOURNAL

OF THE

cm ^orfc ^ntcrwological Jwitty,

Edited by Harrison G. Dvar.

Publishes articles relating to any class of the subkingdom Arthropoda. subject
to the acceptance of the Publication Committee. Original communications in this
field are solicited.

Kin rORIAL.

The April issue of our interesting contemporary, Entomological
Arews, contains much matter devoted to our criticism of the work
of its editor. We feel a sense of amusement at the editor's
efforts to "save his face." We would repeat that until Dr. Skinner
produces a better classification of the Hesperiidas, he must accept the
one advanced by us, or abandon all generic names and simply list the
species of Skippers in any order that pleases him. The generic names
he uses cannot be defended. We notice he has not attempted it. I )r.
Skinner persists in crediting the new classification to us. It is original
with Scudder and Watson. It was Mabille's imperfect presentation of
it, as applied to the American forms, that induced us to attempt the
subject. Dr. Skinner makes certain criticisms of the characters used,
with which, in part, we agree. It is probable that we are aware of
more imperfections in the system than Dr. Skinner is, owing to his
lack of critical study of genera. His dogmatic utterances that this
species is more nearly related to that, etc., although placed by us in
different genera, are not due to actual knowledge. I >r. Skinner
knows nothing of the early stages and belittles structure ; his assertions
are founded solely on his ideas of superficial resemblance. His criti-
cism of the use of secondary sexual characters in generic definition is,
perhaps, well made ; but everybody uses these convenient characters,
except Sir George F. Hampson, and even he uses them for subgenera.

166

sept.,!^6-1 Boor Notices. 1<»7

Their use in this case is perfectly sanctioned by custom and the
authority of many of the best systematists. It is true that exactly what
characters shall be used in generic definition can never be arbitrarily
asserted nor established by rule ; that will depend upon individual
ability and tact. If Dr. Skinner does not like the Scudderian system,
let him produce another for comparison with it. No positive advance
can be made through wholesale criticism without constructive work.

BOOK NOTICES.

Les Moustiques, Histoire Naturelle et Medicale, Par Raphael Blan-
chard, Professeur a la Faculte de Medecine de Paris, Membre de
l'Academie de Medecine. Paris: F. R. de Rudeval, 1905.
The book contains 673 pages in seven chapters and an appendix,
including introductory definitions, systematic account of the species,
their pathological properties, prophylaxis, methods of collecting and
breeding and a list of recently described species (appendix). The
general account refers at some length to allied forms, Simulium,
Tipula, Dixa, Chironomus, etc., with text figures. The Corethridse
are not included as mosquitoes. Theobald's classification is adopted,
based as it is largely on unimportant scale characters, although some-
what modified by the introduction in the text of the subfamilies Sabet-
tinse and Joblotinae to replace Theobald's nameless sections B and C.
This is really a distinct improvement and approximates the classifica-
tion to that of Lutz, epitomized on page 619. Figures of adults and
larvae are copied from various authors and inserted as text figures.
This has resulted in some errors. On page 297 a figure of a larva is
given as confinis Arrib.; it should be transferred to jamaicensts Theob.,
page 279. Page 403, Aedes smithii should be transferred to Wyeomyia
in the Sabethinse. Errors of this nature are liable to occur in a com-
pilation, such as Professor Blanchard's work essentially is, and are due
to incomplete following up of the subsequent literature. Professor
Blanchard is an enthusiastic follower of Theobald, and he has taken
advantage of that author's remarkable ability in the creation of
homonyms to propose a number of new and beautifully formed generic
terms. He has also changed Theobald's badly made names into the
proper grammatical forms, which we think he has no right to do.
These names will have to stand as first proposed, bad as they are.
Fortunately most of them will fall into the synonymy when the scale

168 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

characters on which they are founded are relegated to their proper
place of subordination. Professor Blanchard's book is really a mine
of information about mosquitoes. We only regret that he did not print
his own synoptic tables and classification, which were prepared at much
pains as he tells us, but thrown in the waste basket on seeing Theo-
bald's book, in an access of enthusiasm, scarcely deserved, we fear.
" Les Moustiques " should be in the hands of every student of mos-
quitoes.

A Monograph of the Anopheles Mosquitoes of India. By S. P. James,
M.B., I. M.S., and W. Glen Liston, M.D., I. M.S. Calcutta,
1904.

The authors find twenty-four species of Anopiicles in India, of
which they know the larvae of eighteen. The adults are figured on a
green background, which relieves the white scales beautifully and gives
a very fine effect. The species should be easily recognized. Ten of
the larva; are figured. The larvae all differ from the American spe-
cies in the greater development of the fan-shaped dorsal tufts, which
are present on the second abdominal segment in all cases and in many
also on the first abdominal and on the metathorax. The larvae must
therefore have even a closer connection with the surface film of the
water than is the case with our species. Most of the species have
the front of the head triangularly produced and the antenna; much
thickened, though some are more rounded like our species. A. barbi-
rostris Van der YVulp is nearest in aspect to ours. The species are
divided into two groups : first, with the antennal tuft branched (as in
our species), containing three species; second, antenme without
branched hair, containing fifteen species. The first group is sub-
divided by the frontal hairs being simple or branched ; the second by
the presence or absence of the fan-shaped tuft on the thorax. The
details of the frontal hairs and the fan-shaped tufts are used to separate
the species. Six types of Anopiicles eggs are shown (p. 39), which
differ remarkably in the development and position of the "floats."
This structure is present in all, though in A. turkhudi Liston it is re-
duced to a little dorsal ellipse near one pole of the egg. The authors
reject Theobald's genera of the Anophelinae founded on scale char-
acters (with their reasons for rejection given in detail) and place
all the species in Anopiicles. They nevertheless divide them into ten
groups on general affinity, but without any very sharp diagnostic char-
acters.

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B^OOK^VN, H V.

Vol. XIV.

No. 4.

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H>evoteo to Bntomologs in General.

DECEMBER, 1906.

Edited by HARRISQN G. DYAR.

Publication Committee.
Harrison G. Dyar. Charles W. Lfng.

Charles Schaeffer. E. G. Love.

Published Quarterly t>y trie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1906.

-A April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa.; as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.]

(HE HI* MA P«NT. . UMCASTW , t

0EC13 1906

CONTENTS.

Class Hexapoda, Order DIPTERA.

The Larvae of Culicidae classified a9 independent Organisms. By H. G. DyAk

and F. Knab 169

Editorial 231

Book Notice 232

Proceedings of the Society 233

Errata et Addenda 242

Index 243

vJOURN AL

Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster.
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NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
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Editor before the page proof has been corrected.

JOURNAL

, OF THE

Jhto gorlj ^nfomoIogiraK jSoripfg.

Vol. XIV. DECEMBER, 1906. No. 4

Class I, HEXAPODA.
Order IV, DIPTERA.

THE LARViE OF CULICID^ CLASSIFIED AS
INDEPENDENT ORGANISMS.
By Harrison G. Dyar and Frederick Knab.

Washington, D C.

(Plates IV-XVI.)

"Wer A sagt muss auch B sagen." — German proverb.

We are compelled to the conclusion that specific limits are more
sharply defined or at least more readily appreciable, in the larvae of
the Culicidae, than in the adults, although generic limitations are less
closely drawn. In the larvae we observe many marked modifications
in shape and details of the chitinized parts which appear constant for
the species and lend themselves readily to definition, while, in the
adults, the specific characters, in the females at least, seem largely
dependent upon comparatively indefined differences in coloration,
which are easily lost or obscured if the specimen is at all injured in
emergence or worn by flight . We are further impelled to present the
results of our studv of the larval forms separately for the following
considerations. Dr. L O. Howard has placed in the hands of the
senior author all the larval material collected with the aid of grants
from the Carnegie Institution of Washington for a monograph of the

iyo Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Culicidae of North and Central America, for classification and descrip-
tion, with the very kind permission to publish descriptions of the new
larvae in advance of the monograph. The adults have been given into
other custodv, and the determinations that have been transmitted to
us are, in many cases, at variance with larval characters. We haye
been unable to personally examine into the discrepancies without
exceeding the field which has been assigned to us. Therefore it seemed
advantageous to treat the larvae as independent organisms and class-
ify them separately, especially as an independent classification, con-
sistently worked out, when compared with the one based on adult
characters, should throw light on the phvlogeny of the group and
indicate the more reliable distinctions. If any apology is due for
proposing new names for larval forms, we hereby make the apology-
To us, it seems justified in this case, especially as, in nearly all cases,
bred adults are in the hands of our co-workers. We find, moreover,
that a synonym is easily dealt with, whereas a misidentification or
confusion of two species under one name is really more troublesome.
Therefore, if it shall prove. that we have named the larvae of previous-
ly described species, we believe that less difficulty will be experienced
than if we had left them nameless, or doubtfully referred them to
known species.

The junior author has made a trip to the West coast of Central
America after mosquito larvae and has been closely associated with
the work subsequently as artist for the early stages. We are indebt-
ed to Dr. Howard for the opportunity to study the material, as well
as the drawings of the mouth parts made by Miss Evelyn G.
Mitchell and Miss Mary Carmody for the monograph. We also
feel grateful to Dr. Howard's numerous assistants and correspond-
ents, who have helped to collect the material and, especially, to Mr.
August Busek and Mr. P. W. Urich, who have obtained so many of
the West Indian specks

The identifications of adults here used have been made by Mr. D.
W. Coquillett of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, custodian of Diptera in the U. S. National Museum. We
have accepted these determinations wherever there existed no "appa-
rent reason to discredit them. We have not personally verified them
in any case, as the specimens are not before us.

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: Larvae of Cuucid/E. 171

Family CULICIM.

Definition .

The larvae of the Culieidae are characterized by a well-formed head,
enclosed in a chitinous covering, with compound eyes, single-jointed
antennae, a vibratile or prehensile group of hairs before the oral orifice,
well-developed toothed mandibles with a row of cilia, quadrate or
conical hirsute maxillae and a short single-jointed palpus. The thoracic
segments are consolidated into a transversely elliptical flattened
mass; the abdomen consists of nine segments slender and submonili-
form, the eighth with a dorsal respiratory opening, often prolonged
into a chitinous tube, connecting with two tracheae running the
length of the body. The last segment is smaller, is furnished with
a chitinous plate and usually with four delicate anal appendages.
The body is supplied with setae in tufts or singly, usually more or less
conspicuously feathered . There are generally present certain scales on
the sides of the eighth segment and in two rows on the posterior
aspect of the air tube.

From the other aquatic Nematoeerous Diptera, the Culieidae are
separable by the presence of the mouth brush, the shape of the anal
segment and the absence of abdominal feet. The Corethridae and
Dixidae run very close to the Culieidae, and seem, indeed, inseparable
therefrom on any one character, although different enough in the gen-
eral complex of characters.

Classification.

Until their verv recent sudden rise into economic importance, the
Culieidae have been a much neglected family. Very lately there has
arisen great activity in the collection and study of these insects,
which has resulted in an extensive work by Mr. F. V. Theobald of
Wye, England, based on the large material which has been accumu-
lated at the British Musuem. The results have been remodelled by
Prof. R. Blanchard of Paris, France, and certain crudities eliminated,
the whole now presented to the public in excellent form The system
seems to us unsound from top to bottom. We cannot restrain a
feeling of surprise that eminent authors should adopt such weak
characters for the separation of subfamilies and genera. Much
weight is given to the length of the palpi in the male or female, to
which we find two fundamental objections. The length of palpi

172 Journal Sew York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv

is, in our experience, never an important character, in any insects,
being adaptive and not of more, often of less than generic value.
When a character exists in one sex only, it is of far less importance,
belonging to the class of secondary sexual characters, which bv some
systematists of standing are uniformly denied to be of even generic
value. In this case, both these objections, applying together, have
added force and appear to us to utterly discredit any system founded
on them.

In the definition of genera, much importance is attached to the
shape and arrangement of the scales. To any one conversant
with the value of different characters in insects, this appears, a
priori, an unfortunate selection. How it works cannot be better
shown than by a quotation from James and Liston*, whose common
s?nse remarks deserve the greatest publicity:

"In the classification of mosquitoes Mr. Theobald relies almost
entirely upon scale structure for the distinctions between different
genera, and in one case he has used this character alone for the forma-
tion of a subfamily.

"The classification is based in great part on the shape, and not upon
the presence or absence of scales, and it is a matter of great difficulty
to decide in some cases what form of scale predominates; nor does
Mr. Theobald give any indication of what portion of a wing, for ex-
ample, should be examined to decide this point.

"The terms 'lanceolate', 'long and narrow', 'true scales', etc.
are not sufficiently definite to permit of such scales being easilv dis-
tinguished from one another, except perhaps by Mr. Theobald him-
self. It is obvious that the distinction between 'hair-like curved
scales' and ' narrow curved scales' is not great, and also that it
would be difficult to decide whether the abdomen is 'hairv' or
whether it is covered with 'hair-like scales' which apparently resem-
ble hairs so closely that they cannot be termed 'true scales.' As
regards the wing again it would be certainly difficult to decide whether
most of the scales were 'lanceolate' or whether thev were 'mostly
long and narrow' especially as the part of the wing to be examined
is not stated, but on this decision alone depends the distinction be-
tween the genera Anopheles and Myzomyia.

*A monograph of the Anopheles mosquitoes of India, Calcutta, 1904; pp. 16
and 64.

Dec, 1906.] Dyar andJCnab: Larv^ofCulicid^. i73

"One of the objects of classification is to simplify the identification
of species, but the new classification does not aid this in any way.
In practice, it will be found much easier to determine the specific
name of any specimen than its generic name according to the new

system.

"Species which differ widely in their habits and pathological si gmn-
cance are placed in the same genus, while those which are similar
in these important respects are placed in different genera.

"Species of which the eggs and larvae, the characters of which are at
least as important as the shape of the wing scales in the adult insect,
are essentially different are placed in the same genus, while those
with eggs and larvae of the same type are placed in different genera.
"The distinctions between the different genera are not of equal
value, for whereas certain species are placed in different genera be-
cause'in the one case the wing scales are 'lanceolate' while in the
other they are 'mostly long and narrow' ; the fact that the abdomen
of one is densely covered with scales while that of the other is, prac-
tically speaking, entirely free from them, is not considered sufficent
to warrant these two species being placed in different genera.

"Abnormal forms or monstrosities have been made the basis of new
genera and species. During the examination of the types of An-
opheles rossi deposited in the British Museum, Mr. Theobald encount-
ered a specimen the abdomen of which was covered with scales
arranged as in mosquitoes of the genus Culex. To us it appears very
probable that this is an instance of a monstrosity. Mr. Theobald,
however, classifies the insect without question as the type of a new
genus (Aldrichia). Another instance is the specimen on which Mr.
Theobald has founded a new subfamily (Heptaphlebomyina) ; the single
insect was provided with seven longitudinal veins on its wings
instead of only six."

The final test of any system of classification is the degree of its
agreement with the phylogeny of the group. The past history is
indicated by all the stages, often more clearly in the larvae than in
the adults. ' We present the following study of the Culicid larvae m
the hope that it mav elucidate the subject. The senior author has
shown* that adult characters, rightly understood, harmonize beau-
tifully with those of the larvse in the case of subfamilies. Webe-
*Science, n. s., xxiii, 233, 1906. The classification of Dr. Lutz, in C.
Bourroul, Mosquitoes do Brasil, Bahia, 1904, approaches this.

174 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

lieve that the same relation can be traced to genera and, indeed, have
in mind certain adult characters which we think would work out
excellently. At present, however, we are restrained by the limitations
of our field from applying these ideas.

After writing the above we have seen a recent classification bv
Mr. Coquillett (Science, n. s., xxiii, 312, 1906) in which one of our
characters, the tarsal claws of the female, is used to good effect.
Otherwise the arrangement is based too largely on larval characters*
to be of value in the present connection. We wish to compare our
arrangement, based solely on larval characters with one based solely
on adult characters. The only one so available is that of Mr. Theo-
bald, which does not stand the test of that comparision, for the reasons
we have discussed.

Table of subfamilies.

Air tube short and sessile; a series of subdorsal palmate hair tufts on the ab-
domen ANOPHELIN^

Air tube elongate, at least longer than wide; no dorsal palmate hairs.
Anal segment with an unpaired ventral brush or rudder of

dense hair tufts culicin^E

Anal segment without unpaired median ventral brush sabETHin^B

Subfamily ANOPHELIN^
Table of genera.

Abdomen with plumose lateral hairs only on the first three segments; head
with plumose hairs Anopheles

Abdomen with plumose lateral hairs to the sixth segment; head with small
simple hairs only Coelodiazesis

Genus ANOPHELES Meigen.

Anopheles Meigen, Syst. Beschr. bek. eur. zweifl., Inst., i, 10, 1818.

Cycloleppteron Theobald, Jn. trop. med., iv 234, 1901.

Cyclolepidopteron Blanehard, Cont. rend. heb. soc. biol., liii, 1045, 1905.

Grassia Theobald (not Fisch), Jn. trop. med., v, 181, 1902.

Myzomyia Blanehard, Cont. rend. heb. soc. biol., liv, 795, 1902.

Stethomyia Theobald, Jn. trop. med., v, 181, 1902.

Howardia Theobald (not Dalla Torre), Jn. trop. med., v, 181, 1902

Pyretophorus Blanehard, Cont. rend. heb. soe. biol., liv, 795, 1902.

*Miss Mitchell's generalization, adopted by Mr. Coquillett, about the egg-
laying habits is fallacious, and will not hold. This might have been anticipated
as it is clearly an adaptive character.

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larv^ of Cuijcid^. 175

Rossia Theobald (not Bonaparte, not Owen), Jn. trop. med., v, 181, 1902.

Myzorhynchus Blanchard, Cont. rend. heb. soe. bio!., liv, 795, 1902.

Laverania Theobald (not Grassi and Feletti), Jn. trop. med., v, 181, 1902.

Nyssorhynchus Blanchard, Cont. rend. heb. soc. biol,, liv, 795, 1902.

Cellia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 107, 1903.

Arribalzagia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 81, 1903.

Aldrichia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 353, !9°3-

Christya Theobald in Giles. Rev. Anoph., suppl. i, Handb., Gn. or Mosq., 2 ed.

40, 1904.
Lophomyia Theobald in Giles, Rev. Anoph., suppl. i, Handb. Gnals or Mosq.(

2 ed., 366, 1904.

Tabic of species.

1. A pair of palmate hairs on the second abdominal segment (2d to 7th).. .2
No palmate hairs on the second abdominal (3d to 7th) 4

2. Comb of the eighth segment with the teeth coarsely serrate below .. albipes
Comb teeth finely and inconspicuously serrate 3

3. Comb with the two upper long teeth with a short tooth between; three

lower teeth with five between argyrotarsis

Comb with the two upper teeth with none between; three lower with four
between. ■ albimana

4. Comb with seven long teeth regularly alternating with six short ones

mediopunctatus
Comb with short teeth irregularly alternating 5

5. Comb with the four upper teeth short maculipes

Comb with some of the upper teeth long, at least the first or third 6

6. One long lower tooth, followed by four little ones franciscanus

One long lower tooth, followed by three little ones pnnctipcnnis

Lower long tooth followed by another as long or nearly so ... .

7. Upper tooth short 8

Upper tooth long 9

8. Two long lower teeth followed by two short, one long, three short ones

grabhamii
Two long lower teeth followed by three short, one long, jour short ones

maculipennis

9. The three upper teeth long eiseni

The second upper tooth short IO

10. One short tooth between the two upper long ones crucians

Three short teeth between the two upper long ones. . . pseudopmictipennis

Anopheles albipes Theobald.

Anopheles argyrotatsis albipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 125, 1901.
Nyssorhynchus cubensis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 204, 1905.

Recorded from South America and the West Indies. Our spec-
imens are from Port L,imon, Costa Rica.

176 Journal New York Entomologkmi. Society, [vol. xiv

Anophebs argyrotarsis Desvoidy.
Anopheles argyrotarsis Desvoidy, Mem. soe. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 411, 1827
Nyssorhynchus albimanus Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 202, 1905.

Blanchard makes this a synonym of albimanus. The names have
been given us separately and the larvae differ. Our specimens are
rom Rincon Antonio, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann.

Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann Dipt, exot., 10, 1821.
Nyssorhynchus albimanus Blanchard, Les Monstiques, 202, 1905.

Recorded from South America and the West Indies. We have it
from Trinidad, Martinique and St. Domingo (Busck).

Anopheles mediopunctatus Theobald.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 60, 1903.

Described from Brazil. The junior author obtained a specimen
in Cordoba, Mexico, which has been so named.

Anopheles maculipes Theobald.

Arribalzagia maculipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, Si, 1903.

Described from Brazil and Trinidad. Our specimens are from
Trinidad (Urich), one of the type localities.

Anopheles franciscanus MacCracken.

Anopheles franciscanus MacCracken, Ent. news, xv. 12, 1904.

Described from California. We have specimens from Salina Cruz
and Cordoba, Mexico, as well as Miss MacCracken's material.

Anopheles punctipennis Say.

Culex punctipennis Say, Journ. acad. nat. soc. Phil., iii, 9, 1823.
Anopheles punctipennis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 167, 1905.

The commonest species in the Atlantic Coast region and Mississippi
Valley, much commoner than maculipcnnis.

Anopheles grabhamii Theobald.

A nopheles grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 205, 1901.
Cyclolepido pteron grabhamii Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 185, 1905.

Described from Jamaica. Our specimens are from St. Domingo
(Busck).

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: Larvae of Cuucid^. i77

Anopheles maculipennis Meigen.

Anopheles maculipennis Meigen, Klass. Beschr. eur. zweifl. Ins., i, 5, 1804.
Anopheles maculipennis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 160, 1905.

Received from various parts of the United States. Occurs also
in Europe.

Anopheles eiseni Coquillett.

Anopheles eiseni Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, x, 192, 1902.

Described from Guatemala. We have it from Cordoba, Mexico.

Anopheles crucians Wiedemann.

Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i., 12, 1828.
Anopheles crucians Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 171, 1905-

Occurs in the southern Atlantic States from New York to Florida.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 305, 1901.

Described from New Grenada, Lesser Antilles. Our specimens
are from Acapulco and Salina Cruz, Mexico. We assume them
to be correctly named, although the localities are rather remote.

Genus COELODIAZESIS, new.

Differs from Anopheles in the slight developement of the head
hairs, the presence of plumose hairs after the third abdominal seg-
ment, and the absence of short teeth on the comb of the eighth
segment. Type, C. barberi Coq.

Coelodiazesis barberi Coquillett.

Anopheles barberi Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxv, 310, 1903.
Anopheles barberi Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii., 243, 1904.

The larvae live in the water in hollow trees. This habit is unique
among the Anophelinae, which are in general surface feeders in open
water. As a compensation for the restricted surface offered in their
habitat, the larvae have acquired a predaceous habit and devour the
unfortunate larvae of Aides triseriatus and Mansonia signifer with
which they live.

178 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Subfamily CULICIN^.
Table of genera.

1. Mouth brush prehensile, folded outward in a pencil 2

Mouth brush vibratile, diffusely folded inward 4

2. A lateral plate on the eighth abdominal segment Megarhinus

A lateral patch of scales on the eighth abdominal segment 3

3. Scales of the 8th segment in a line preceded by a patch of minute ones.

Psorophora
Scales a'ike, in a triangular patch without small ones Lutzia

4. Air tube long, the hairs in scattered tufts or absent, the antennae

usually with the tuft beyond the middle arising from a notch 5

Air tube short, less than four times as long as wTide, or if longer

the antennae with the tuft at or before the middle 7

5 Anal segment without hairs before the barred area 6

Anal segment with hairs along ventral line, piercing the chitinous band

Culicclla

6. Lateral comb of the 8th segment of many scales in a triangular patch Culex
Lateral comb of the 8th segment a single row of bar-like spines Mochlostyrax

7. Air tube strongly inflated Janthinosoma

Air tube not conspicuously inflated 8

8. Antennae strongly inflated and distorted Ceratocystia

Antennae not so 9

i). Head normal, without lateral angular projection 10

Head with lateral projection covering a process on the mandible. .....

Dc in oce rites

10. Head with large thick spinous setae Uranotcenia

Head with normal fine hairs 11

11. Seventh abdominal segment with a dorsal plate; tube without pecten

Mansonia
Abdomen without plates; air tube with pecten 12

12. Air tube conical or tapered, normal 13

Air tube bottle-shaped, the outer half narrow Tceniorhynchus

13. Air tube pecten produced into long hairs Culiseta

Air tube with the pecten not so produced Aedes

Genus MEGARHINUS Desvoidy.

Megarhinus Desvoidy, Mem. soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 412, 1827.
Megarhinus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 220, 1905.

Table of species.

1. Large species, the chitinized parts very dark portoricensis

Smaller species, the chitinized parts very pale violaceus

Megarhinus portoricensis von Roder.

Megarhina portoricensis von Roder, Stett. ent. Zeit., xlvi, 337, 1885.
Megarhinus rutila Coquillett, Can. ent., xxviii, 44, 1896.

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: Larvae of Cuucid^e. 179

We are unable to distinguish the larvae of portoricensis and rutila,
which occur together, and conclude that there is but one species, the
degree of white banding on the tarsi of the adults being probably
variable. The larvae inhabit hollow trees and similar artificial
situations. They are exclusively carnivorous in their diet, devour-
ing the larvae of the other Culicinae with which they live. Mr. Busck
has noted that they kill all the larvae that are with them before pupa-
tion. We have the species from the southern Atlantic States,
West Indies and Central America. A specimen from Guadeloupe
(Busck) was named "M. violaceus," but the adult was in poor con-
dition.

Megarhinus violaceus Wiedemann.

Culex violaceus Wiedemann, Dipt, exot., i, 7, 1821.

We accept this determination with some hesitation for some very
pale colored larvae of normal structure taken from the leaves of
Bromelias by Mr. Urich in Trinidad. The species was described from
Bahia( Brazil), but is insufficiently known, as stated by Blanchard.
We would note that Dr. Butz has recently described two Megarhinus
bred from Bromelia water, one in Bahia, the other in Rio Janeiro.
We are surprised that there should be several species with this limit-
ed habitat, and suspect the possibility of variability in the adults,
as in the foregoing species.

Genus PSOROPHORA Desvoidy.

Psorophora Desvoidy, Mem. soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 412, 1827.
Psorophora Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 237, 1905.

Table of species.

1. Air tube less than three times as long as wide; a single tuft almost at tip

cilipes

Air tube four times as long as wide; a single hair shortly beyond the

peeten 2

2. Labial plate with the teeth regular and subequal ciliata

Labial plate with the next to basal tooth greatly enlarged howardii

Psorophora cilipes Fabricius.

Culex cilipes Fabricius, Syst. Antliat., 34, 1805.
Culex cilipes Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 373, 1905.

We have accepted this identification for some very distinct larvae
taken by the junior author in Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Blanchard

180 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

includes the name in his list of uncertain or indeterminable species,
but Coquillett is apparently able to recognize it. The larvae occurred
in a temporary pool full of vegetation, together with many Culicid
larvae on which they were feeding.

Psorophora ciliata Fabricius.

Culex ciliatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv, 401, 1794.

Culex molestus Wiedemann, Dipt, exot., i, 36, 1821.

Psorophora boscii Desvoidy, Mem. soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 413, 1827.

Culex conterrens Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., i, 427, 1856.

CuleiL perterrens Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., i, 431, 1856.

Psorophora ciliata Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 239, 1905.

The species occurs in the Atlantic seaboard as far North as Mass-
achusetts, and is common locally at Baltimore and Washington.
The larva occurs in temporary rain puddles, hatching immediately
after a shower. It is predaceous and very voracious. The principal
prev are the species of Janikinosoma.

Psorophora hovvardii Coquillett.

Psorophora howardii Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxiii, 258, 1901.

Occurs on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but does not extend its
range so far to the North as ciliata. The habits are the same and the
two species occur mixed in the same puddles. The larvae are very
similar. In Mexico, the junior author found howardii considerably
more abundant than ciliata, while in Central America howardii
occurred alone.

Genus LUTZIA Theobald.

Lutzia Theobald, Mon. Culie., iii, 155, 1903.

Lutzia bigotii Bellardi.

Culex bigotii Bellardi, Mem. d. R. accad. di Torino, xxi, 200, 1864.
Culex bigotii Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 275, 1905.
Lutzia bigotii Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 394, 1905.

This interesting larva has the predaceous habits of Psorophora and
in the main agrees structurally therewith ; but in the less degree of
modification of the maxillae, lateral comb of the eighth segment and
pecten of the tube, retains more of the structural characters of the
other Culicid genera. The junior author collected it at Cordoba,

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: L/Arvje of Cuucid^. 181

Mexico, and it has been sent us from Las Caseadas in the Panama
Canal zone by Dr. J. A. Le Prince.

Genus JANTHINOSOMA Arribalzaga.

Janthinosoma Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, ii, 152, 1891.
Conchyliastes Coquillett in Howard, Mosquitoes, 234, 1901.
Feltidia Dyar, Proe. ent. soe. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.
Ianthinosoma Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 231, 1905.

Table of species.

1. Antennae long and prominent, longer than the head 2

Antennae moderate or short, shorter than the head 5

2. Anal segment long and slender, longer than wide 3

Anal segment short, shorter than wide 4

3. Comb of the eighth segment of six or seven subequal spines sayi

Comb of five spines, the upper and lower ones small varipes

4. Pecten teeth of the ar tube with four long sharp spines infnic

Pecten teeth of the air tube with two reduced rounded branches, .scholasticus

5. Tube fusiform-inflated; teeth of comb joined by a chilinous band 6

Tube barrel-shaped; teeth of comb separate pygmeea

6. Antennae black on outer half; four spines of tube pecten scattered to the

basal half of the tube jamaicensis

Antenna? all white; the four spines of the tube pecten restricted to the
basal third of the tube signipennis

Janthinosoma sayi, new name.

Culex musicus Say (not Leach), Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., vi, 149, 1827.
Ianthinosoma mexicana Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 234, 1905.

The larva is found in temporary rain puddles and develops rapid-
ly, as do all of this genus. It occurs along the Atlantic seaboard as
far North as Massachusetts, but is common only further South. The
senior author met with it in abundance at Tampa, Florida. The
junior author collected it at Santa Lucrecia, Almoloya and Tehuan-
tepec, Mexico; Sonsonate, Salvador; Corinto, Nicaragua; Puntarenas
and Port Limon, Costa Rica. Blanehard says that musictts Say
(preoccupied) is surely the same as mexicanus Bellardi ; but Coquillett
has identified as mexicana another species, which he refers to "Cu-
lex" as it differs in scale structure. We therefore propose the new
name sayi for our familiar species.

Janthinosoma varipes Coquillett.

Conchyliastes varipes Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxvi., 10, 1904.
Janthinosoma varipes Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 626, 190.5,

r82 Journal Xkw York Entomological, Society, [vol. xiv.

Described from Mexico and Mississippi. Our larvae are from Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, from Dr. Dupree.

Janthinosoma infine, new species. Fig. i.

The characters are normal for the genus The antennae are great-
ly developed, the anal segment short, the scales of the lateral comb
of the eighth segment are joined by a very weak chitinous band ; the
single scale has its apical spinule long. The larva? were collected
by Mr. Busck in Trinidad and St. Domingo in rain water pools
and ditches, in a spring in a cave, in a slowly running spring,
in a pot-hole in coral rock in the woods, in a pot-hole near the
coast with rather salt water and in holes made by wild pigs in the
vSan Francisco Mts. of St. Domingo. The specimens have been named
'Culex c >nji>iis," but confinis was described by Arribalzaga from the
Argentine and is referred by Blanchard to Tceniorkynckus ; so we do
not accept the identification .

Janthinosoma scholasticus Theobald. Fig. 2.

Culex scholasticus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 120, 1001.
Culex scholasticus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 336, 1905.

Described from the Antilles. Our specimens are from Trinidad,
taken by Mr. Busck in rain water pools at Cedros, with the preceding
species. We have accepted this identification, although it is per-
haps open to some doubt, as Mr. Coquillett later applied this same
name (scholasticus) to a very different species, collected by
the junior author in Central America, which same species he had also
named "secutor Theob." Not, however, the true secutor Theob. of
Jamaica, of which we have specimens from Dr. Graham. (See Culex
lactator and C. coronator described below).

Janthinosoma pvgmaea Theobald. Fig. 3.
Grabhamia pygmcea Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 245, 1903.

Described from Antigua and Jamaica. Our specimens were taken
by Mr. Busck in St. Domingo in pools in coral rock close to the sea,
filled with clear salt water, only submerged by the highest tides.
We have accepted the determination because we do not know but
that Theobald's specimens came from larvae with the same peculiar
habits as ours ; this is not stated, and we give the matter the benefit
of the doubt.

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larvae of Culicid.-e 183

Janthinosoma jamaicensis Theobald.

Culcx jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culie., i, 345, 1901.
Grabliamia jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 244, 1903.
Culex jamaicensis Blanchard, I,es Moustiques, 279, 1905.
Grabliamia jamaicensis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 397, 1905.

Recorded from Jamaica only. We have before us a widespread
species, common along the Atlantic seaboard, taken bv Mr. Busck
on St. Domingo and by the junior author in Santa Lucrecia, Rincon
Antonio, Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz and Almoloya, Mexico. It was
formerly named " perturbans Walk.' ' by Mr. Coquillett, then changed
to "confinis Arrib." ' under which name a figure of the larva was pub-
lished by the senior author (see Blanchard, Les Moustiques, p. 297).
and lastly named jamaicensis Theob. We accept this name, al-
though lacking the positive identification of larvae from Jamaica.
Janthinosoma signipennis Coquil'ett.

Tccniorhynchus signipennis Coquillett, Proe. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 167, 1904.
Tceniorhynchus signipennis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc., xii, 244, 1904.

Described from Monterey, Mexico. Our larvae are from Laredo,
Texas, bred by Dr. Berry.

Genus CERATOCYSTIA, new.

Characterized by the greatly enlarged, bent antennae, which have
two of the apical spines far removed from the tip. The larva is allied
to Janthinosoma, except that the tube is not inflated. This is appar-
ently compensated for by the enlargement of the antennae. Type,
C. discolor Coq.

Ceratocystia discolor Coquillett.

Culex discolor Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxv, 256, 1903.

Culex discolor Smith, Ent. news, xv, 147, 1904.

Culex discolor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 173, 1904.

Culex discolor Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 297, 1904.

Culex discolor Smith, Agr. Exp. Sta. N. J., Rept. Mosq., 193, 1905.

Described from New Jersey- The species occurs sparingly along
the Atlantic seaboard and has been taken by the junior author at
Tehuantepec, Mexico. The larvae occur in temporary rain puddles
in company with Janthinosoma and Psorophora. The eggs are spinose,
as in those genera. All these spinose eggs seem adapted to lie in
dried ground and hatch immediately after a shower. The develop-
ment of the larva is rapid.

184 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Genus T/ENIORHYNCHUS Arribalzaga.

Tceniorhynchus Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, ii, 147, 1891.
Coquillcttidia Dyar, Proe. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.
Tceniorhynchus Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 3S1, 1905

Taeniorhynchus perturbans Walker.

Culex perturbans Walker, Ins. Saund., i, 42s, 1856.

Culex perturbans Dyar & Currie, Proc. ent. soe. Wash., vi, 218, 1904.

Tceniorhynchus perturbans Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 386, 1905.

The mature larva is undiscovered and its habits remain a mystery.
Several excellent collectors searched for it in vain. Professor J. B.
Smith had masses of Spirogyra examined, but without result, as he
tells us. The young larva obtained from eggs has been described,
but failed to feed. The peculiarities of habit, whatever they may
be, which have rendered this species undiscoverable are evidently
common to the other members of the genus, for Professor Goeldi in
Brazil (Os Mosq. no Para, 107, 1905) has exactly repeated our ex-
perience with T. fasciolatus Arrib. and T. arribalzagoe Theob., and
his first stage larva agree structurally with ours. The antennae are
excessively long and the air tube is roundedly narrowed at the middle,
the distal half being slender and resembles a triick spine. The tip
is armed with hooks.

Genus MANSONIA Blanehard.

Panoplitcs Theobald (not Gould), Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 229, 1901.
Mansonia Blanehard, Cont. rend. heb. Soc. Biol., liii, 1045, 1901.
Pneumaculex Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 46, 1905.
Tceniorhynchus Dyar (not Arribalzaga), Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.

We are unaquainted with the larva of the typical species of Man-
sonia (titillans Walk.) and if it should prove to be different in struc-
ture,* the name Pneumaculex is available for the forms here associ-
ated. The senior author has shown that the genus should be called
Tceniorhynchus if the rule of first species be accepted in determining

the type.

Table of species.

1. Plate- on the sixth abdominal segment a dorsal saddle; no plate on the
eighth segment below the comb signifer

*We are almost certain that this will prove to be the case. Goeldi figures
the eggs of titillans (Os Mosq. no Para. 114, 1905), which have nothing in com-
mon with those of the species here treated, but are of the type of an Aides,

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larv.-e of Culicid^e. 185

Plate on the sixth segment reaching to the middle of the side; a plate on
the eighth segment balow the comb fascipes

Mansonia signifer Coquillett.

Culex signifer Coquillett, Can. ent., xxviii, 43, 1896.
Stegomyia signifer Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 322, 1901.
Culex signifer Smith, Ent. news, xi, 26, 1903.
Culex signifer Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xi, 26, 1903.
Culex signifer Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Bull. 79., 338, 1904.
Stegomyia signifer Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 258, 1905.
Culex ? signifer Ludlow, Med. Record, N.Y., Jan. 20, 1906.

The larva is a normal inhabitant of the water in hollow trees. It
occurs also in similar artificial situations, such as rain barrels, and is
rather widely distributed in the United States. The peculiar dorsal
platings on the abdomen appear only in the last stage, but the larva
is recognizable in all stages by the absence of pecten on the air tube.
The tracheal tubes are expanded into bladders in the thorax. The
eggs are deposited at the water line and adhere firmly to the side of
the vessel. They are covered by a peculiar veil, marked bv radial
folds.

Mansonia fascipes Coquillett

Mansonia fascipes Coquillett. Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 182, 1906.

We have received these peculiar larvse from Mr. F. W. Urich from
Trinidad, who communicates the following notes. "The predomin-
ating colour of these larvae is red ; when young the pigment is pale on
the dorsal anterior half of each segment of thorax and abdomen and
gets lighter, until a white ring is formed at the joint with the next
segment, thus giving the larva a red and white ringed appearance.
This coloration is maintained right through all stages of the larva.
At each change of skin the red color gets more intense, until the
mature larva has a rather dark appearance. The pupa also has a
reddish tint showing through the brown coloration. The larvae live
in bamboo joints, the water in which teems with infusoria, small
worms and other micro-organisms. It would appear as if this fauna
is essential to their well-being, for if isolated too young they die or
do not mature well. The larval period seems to take a long time."
Mr. F. C Pratt has observed a similar red coloration in the larvae of
signifer, but we had heretofore attributed to it a pathological signi-
ficance. Probably it is normal to the genus.

1 86 Journal New York Entomological, Society [vol. xiv.

Genus URANOTAENIA Arribalzaga.

Uranotcenia Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, ii, 163, [891.
Uranotcenia Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 406, 1005.
Uranotcenia Mitchell, Journ. \. Y. ent, soc, xiv, s, 1000.

Our species are in a very unsatisfactory state, but the paucity of
our present material does not enable us to remedy it. Miss Mitchell
has given a table of the species identified from the United States and
Dr. Grabham figures the two Jamaican species. We have another
from Mr. Urich in Trinidad and the junior author collected one in
Mexico. The following table, as compiled, appears to show that the
continental forms identified as socialis and lowii are not conspecific
with the insular forms, and we have no recourse but to rename them,
although we would much prefer to have good material for actual com-
parison.

Table 0} species.

1. Antenna? without spines; longest terminal seta as long as antenna

geometrica
Antenna- with scattered spines; longest terminal seta shorter than antenna

2. Terminal seta- three, the short one obsolete ?>

Terminal seta' four 4

3. Shaft rather numerously spined; terminal digit simple lowii

Shaft with but two spines; terminal digit double coatzacoalcos

4. Antenna? with the hair beyond the basal third continentalis

Antenna? with the hair at about the basal third ,S

5. Pedicellate digit double, the two forks about equal in length 6

This digit large and single, the second digit small and arising below the

apex of the pedicel sapphirina

6. Shortest spine a lanceolate blade; apical tooth of labial plate broad and

flat socialis

.Shortest spine slender, filiform; apical tooth of labial plate triangularly
pointed coquilletti

Uranotasnia lowii Theobald.

Uranotcenia lowii Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 339, 1901.
Uranotcenia lowii Grabham, Can. ent., xxxvii, 401, 1905.

Described from Santa Lucia. We accept Dr. Grabham's definition
of Jamaican specimens rather than Mr. Coquillett's determination of
those from Louisiana.

Uranotaenia coatzacoalcos, new species.

The antennae are stout with a single stout hair at basal third and
two short spines on the other side; at tip two long hairs, not as long

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: Larv^ of Cuucid^e. 187

as the antennae, a short one and a sharp angle ; a long double blade-
like digit that appears to be divided to the base, one part dark and
about two-thirds as long as the longer pale portion.

The larvae were collected by the junior author at Santa Lucrecia,
Mexico, in the valley of the river Coatzacoalcos. They were not
bred. The larvae occurred in a ditch full of vegetation.

Uranotaenia continentalis, new species.

Sent to Miss Mitchell by Dr. Dupree from Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
and identified as ' ' Uranotaenia lowii Theob.' ' The characters are in-
dicated in the table.

Uranotaenia sapphirina Osten=Sacken.

Aedes sapphirinus Osten-Sacken, Trans. Am. ent. soc, ii, 47, 1868.
Uranotcenia sapphirina Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 407, 1905.

Not uncommon in permanent swamps or ponds. We have it from
New Hampshire and New York. The larva looks like an Anopheles
with a long tube, owing to its position in the water and shape of the
head.

Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald.
Uranotcenia geometrica Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 247, 1901.

Described from Santos, Brazil. Our specimens are from Mr. F. W.
Urich in Trinidad, who collected them in a small puddle in a drain.
The water was covered with green algae. Mr. Urich says that the
larvae reminded him at first sight of Anopheles albipes. Thev were
colored green, from algae, no doubt. We have accepted the deter-
mination rather because we have no means of disproving it, than
that we feel any confidence in its accuracv.

Uranotaenia socialis Theobald.

Uranotcenia socialis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 340, 1901.
Uranotcenia socialis Grabham, Can. ent., xxxvii, 403, 1905.

Described from Jamaica. Dr. Grabham has made known the larva
with a description and figure.

Uranotaenia coquilletti, new species.

Near socialis Theob., but differentiated by the characters given in
the table. Dr. Dupree sent the specimens to Miss Mitchell and Mr.

[88 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Coquillett named them "Uranotcenia socialis Theob." We dedicate
the species to Mr. Coquillett, who has certainly performed a vast
amount of labor on a difficult subject, whatever we may think of his
results.

Genus DEINOCERITIES Theobald.

Deinocerites Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 215, 1901.
Brachiosoma Theobald, Journ. Trop. med., iv, 229, 1901.
Brachiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 343, 1901.
Deinokerides Giles, Handb. On. or Mosq., 472, 1902.
Dinocerites Blanchard, Les Moustiques 413, 1905.

Deinocerites cancer Theobald.

Deinocerites cancer Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 215, 1901.
Deinocerites cancer Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 279, 1903.
Deinocerites cancel Dyar, Journ. \. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 27, 1904.
Dinocerites cancer Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 414, 1005.

The now well-known inhabitant of crab holes at high water mark
along the sea shore of southern Florida and the Antilles. We have
specimens from Dr. Grabham from Jamaica and it was collected in
southern Florida by the senior author and Mr. Caudell. Descriptions
have been published.

Genus AEDES Meigen.

Aedes Meigen, Syst. beschr. bek. eur. Zweifl. Ins., i, 13, 1818.

Ochlerotatus Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, ii, 146, 1891.

// 1 m igogus *Williston, Trans, ent, soc Lond., 271, 1896.

Stegomyia Theobald, Mem. Liverp. Sch. Trop. Mel., iv, App., iii, 1901.

Grabkamia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 243, 1903.

Howardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 287, 1903.

Verrallina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 295, 1903.

Culicelsa Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus, 391 b, 1904.

( ulicada Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 391 b, 1904.

Ecculex Felt, Bull. 79, N.Y. Sta. Mus., 391 c, 1904.

Protoculex Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 39id, 1904.

Pseudoculex Dyar, Proc ent. soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.

Gymnometopa Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.

Lepidoplatys Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.

*The genus Hcemagogus may perhaps be recognized on the larval character
of a small triangular chitinous plate on each side of the ventral brush of the
last segment, the segment being not ringed. If so, it will take Howardina and
Gymnometopa as synonyms, and include the species cyaneus Fab , philosophicus
D.& K., 'walkeri Theob., albonotata Coq., busckii Coq . and mediovittata Coq.

D?e , 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larvje, of Cuucid^. 189

In this group the antennae are moderate or small ; the tuft is always
at or before the middle; the air tube is short, three times as long as
wide or less and carries a single tuft beyond the peeten . A few species
vary in having a more elongate tube and one has multiple tufts. The
anal segment is generally not encircled by the chitinous plate, but
this occurs in some species.

Table of species.

1. Air tube with the hair tuft within the peeten 2

Air tube with the tuft beyond the peeten 8

2. Anal segment ringed by the plate 3

Anal segment with the ring broken on the ventral line 6

3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of few scales in a row. . ..tormentor
Lateral comb of the eighth segment many scales in a triangular patch. . . .4

4. Peeten of the air tube with detached teeth outwardly bimaculatus

Peeten of the air tube with the teeth evenly spaced 5

5. Ring of the anal segment narrow; peeten of tube not to the middle . .janitor*
Ring of anal segment broad; peeten beyond middle lactator*

6. Comb of few spines in an irregular row; tube with several tufts trichurus
Comb of long spines in a straight row; peeten running to apex, .walker i
Comb a patch of scales; tube with one hair tuft 7

7. Peeten with detached teeth; abdominal hairs normal atropalpus

Peeten evenly spaced; short abdominal hairs stellate busckii

8. Peeten of the air tube with detached teeth outwardly 9

Peeten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

9. Air tube 4x1; comb a patch of scales three rows deep abfitchii

Tube 3 x 1 or less; comb of few scales in an irregularly double row. ... 10

10. Antennae enlarged basally, large, tuft rather beyond the middle aurifer
Antennae moderate only; tuft before the middle 11

11. The two rows of peeten on the tube approximate behind- dorsal plate

of anal segment a saddle only impiger

Two rows of peeten well separated; dorsal plate over half encircling the
segment 12

12. Tuft of tube before outer third; anal processes blunt syhestris

Tuft of tube beyond outer third; anal processes pointed jnscus

13. Comb scales few, in a single or irregularly single row 14

Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 20

14. Anal segment ringed by the plate 15

Anal segment not ringed, at least a small space along ventral line 18

15. Anal processes moderate, normal 16

Anal processes very long with a stout wavy central trachea dupreei

16. Comb of six scales; peeten not reaching half of tube 17

Comb of 12 scales; peeten reaching half of tube meridionalis

♦Treated under Culex, q. v.

190 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

17. Pecten rof air tube running about one-third; anal segment wider than

long punctor

Pecten of air tube running about one-half; anal segment longer than
wide ' atlanticui

18. Comb scales smooth or nearly so, bluntly rounded 19

Comb scales sole-shaped with trifid apex 20

Comb scales long, pointed, thorn-shaped philosophicus

19. Short abdominal hairs normal; anal plate smooth triseriatus

Short abdominal hairs stellate; anal plate spined behind. ... albonotata

20. Air tube pecten small, in a straight row calopus

Air tube pecten long, strongly spiral mediovittata

21. Anal segment ringed by the plate 22

Anal segment not ringed by the plate 31

22. Air tube over twice as long as wide, its pecten of 19-22 teeth 23

Air tube twice as long as wide or less, pecten of 12-14 teeth 26

23. Scales of comb with central spine shorter than the body of the scale;

pecten of the air tube of equal teeth 24

Scales of comb with central spine as long as body of scale; pecten of
air tube longer outwardly 25

24. Air tube two-and-a-half times as long as wide; comb scales moderate,

thorn-shaped sollicitans

Air tube 3 x 1; comb scales long thorn-shaped mitchellce

25. Air tube pecten to beyond middle of tube: comb of 21 scales in nearly

three rows trivittatus

Pecten not to middle of tube; comb of 17 scales in two imperfect rows

aur aides

26. Scales of comb feathered on the sides with central thorn; pecten reaching

half the length of tube: body glabrous infirmatus

Scales of comb evenly spinulated without centra! thorn 27

27. Body glabrous inconspicuus

Body pilose 28

28. Pecten to four-fifths of tube; tuft almost apical hemisurus

Pecten scarcely over half of tube; tuft normal 29

29. Lateral hairs single on third to fifth abdominal segments cuplocamus

Lateral hairs double or in threes on these segments 30

30. Anal segment short with narrow chitinous ring damnosus

Anal segment moderate with broad ring habantcus

31. Tube long, 4x1; trachea; narrow, angled jitclui

Tube three times as long as wide or less 32

32. Anal plate small, not covering more than half of the segment; anal gills

very large, sac-like, spotted van' palpus

Anal plate covering more than half the segment; anal gills moderate .... 33

33. Comb scales tapered, a single median spine stouter or longer, differentiated

from the rest 34

Comb scales bluntly ended, the median spine resembling the others. ... 40

34. Both median head tufts multiple 35

Lower head tuft single or double (rarely three) 37

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : I.arv.k of Cuuctd.-e. 191

35. Subdorsal prothoracic hairs single canadensis

nivitarsis
Subdorsal prothoracic hairs multiple 3°

36. Weakly colored; tufts of ventral brush short -stemmed cantator

Darkly colored; tufts of ventral brush long stemmed pullatiis

37. Lower head hair double (or three) 38

Lower head hair single 39

38. Comb scales with the lateral spines as long as the apical one .grossbccki
Comb scales with the lateral spines very short pretans

39. Apical spine of the comb scales sharp and distinct azstivalis

Apical spine of the comb scale subequal to the others subcantans

40. Antenna? very long and slender laternaria

Antennae normal, short, stout 41

4 1 . Antenna? spinulated 42

Antenna? smooth, the spinules obsolete 43

42. Anal gills normal, moderate ' lazarensis

Anal gills very short, bud-shaped quaylei

43. Air tube conic-tapered; pecten long, very dense, slightly spiral; the

secondary hairs normal 44

Air tube cylindrical, bluntly rounded; pecten normal; short abdominal

hairs stellate cya ncus

14. Pecten followed by a single hair; labial plate low triangular with promi-
nent side teeth knabi

Pecten followed by a small tuft; labial plate long triangular with small
teeth insolita

Aedes tormentor, new species. Fig. 4.

This species was collected by Dr. Dupree in Baton Rouge, La.,
and named " Culex senatus Theob." as was also the species we des-
cribe as atlanticus. We do not believe that either of these forms are
identical with the South American species, certainly they both can-
not be. It is characterized in the table above.
Aedes bimaculatus Coquillett.

Culex bimaculatus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 84, 1902.

Culex bimaculatus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xi, 27, 1903.

Culex bimaculatus Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, pi. 2, f. 14, 1903-

Described from Brownsville, Texas. The larvae were discovered
by Dr. Dupree at Baton Rouee, La.

Aedes trichurus Dyar.

Culex trichurus Dyar, Journ. N. V. ent. soc, xii 169, 1904.

Culex cinereoborealis Felt & Young, Science, n.s., xx, 505, 1904.

Culex cinereoborealis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 314, 1904.

Culex trichurus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 244, 1904. _ ,

192 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv

This is one of the early Spring species, the larvae of which live in the
pools formed by the melting snows. They hatch from overwinter-
ing eggs and are all developed by the first of May. There is only one
generation a year. The species have a northern range. Our local-
ities for this species are Springfield, Mass. (Dimmock), Plattsburgh,
N. Y, (Dyar), Kaslo, B. C (Dyar). We have no records from further
North because no collections have been made there.

Aedes walkeri Theodald. Fig. 5.

Cult \ walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 424, 1901.
Howardina walkeri Dyar, Journ. N. V. ent. soc, xiii, 27, 1904.
Culex walkeri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 312, 1905.
Howardina walkeri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 416, 1905.

We have this peculiar larva from Dr. Grabham from Jamaica. A
description has been published by the senior author, which is in error
in stating that the long lateral hairs are absent ; they are really present,
although they have been broken off nearly all the specimens.

Aedes atropalpus Coquillett.

Culey, atropalpus Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxiv, 292, 1902.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Ent. news, x, 195, 1902.

Culex atro pal pu. Smith, Ent. news, xiii, 301, 1902.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Proe. ent. soc. Wash., v, 144, 1903.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Ent. news, xiv, 1S0, 1903.

Culey. atropalpus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 172, 1904.

Culex atropalpus Felt, Bull. 79, N. V. Sta. Mus., 306, 1904.

Culex atropalpus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 2S2, 1905.

Culex atropalpus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 62s. 1905.

This species ranges widely, from New Hampshire to Almolova,
Oaxaca, Mexico, where it was taken bv the junior author. The only
breeding places are the pot holes in rocks beside swift streams or
cavities in rocks on the shores of lakes, filled by the waves during
storms. It is remarkable that the species should be able to with-
stand the rush of water in flood, even if it be in the egg state.

Aedes busckii Coquillett. Fig. 6.

Stegomyia busckii Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxviii, 60, 1906.

Collected by Mr. Busck in Dominica and Guadeloupe. The
locality given in the original description is an error.

Dec, 1906] Dyar andKnab: IvARV^oif Culicid^. 193

Aedes abfitchii Felt.

Culex abfitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. sta. Mus., 381, 1904-

Culex abfitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 29, 1904.

Culex siphonaUs Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 16, 1905.

Culex siphonaUs Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 245, 1905.

One of the early Spring forms with northern distribution. The
senior author collected specimens in Kaslo, B.C., which were named
first "Culex cantans Meig." and a description published under that
name (Journ. N.Y.ent. soc, xii, 36, 1904). Later the determination
was changed to ilGrabhamiaviUata Theob.," but it cannot possibly
be that species to judge from Theobald's figure (Can. ent., xxxv,
313, 1903)- The figure is too sketchy to admit of placing the
form in a table, though we conjecture it to be intended for some
species of Culiseta.

Aedes aurifer Coquillett.

Culex aurifer Coquillett Can. ent., xxxv, 255, 1903.

Culex aurifer Smith, Ent. news, xv, 148, 1904.

Culex aurifer Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 172, 1904.

Culex aurifer Felt, Bull. 79, N, Y. Sta. Mus., 337, i9°4-

Culex aurifer Dyar. Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 244, 1904.

Culex aurifer Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 29S, 1905.

One of the early Spring forms, which -was discovered by Mr. J. T.
Brakeley in New Jersey.

Aedes impiger Walker.

Culex impiger Walker, Cat. Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus., i, 6, 1848.
Culex impiger Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 316, 1904.
Culex impiger Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 27, 1905.
Culex nigripes Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 345, 1905.

One of the earlv Spring species which was discovered by Dr. E- P.
Felt in northern New York. We are not at all sure that Walker's
species is determinable, but having been, thus fixed by Dr. Felt, it
will be better to accept it. The species referred to by the senior
author as impiger (Proc. ent. soc Wash., vi, 37, 1904) is pullatus
Coq., and the forms referred to by us (Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 144,
1904,) are a mixture of pullatus Coq. and trichurus Dyar. Theobald
and Blanchard refer our species to the synonymy of nigripes Zett. of
Europe ; but we have as yet no evidence that any of these American
species occur in Europe.

194 Journal Xkw York Entomological Society, [vol. xiV.

Aedes sylvestris Theobald.

Culex sylvestris Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 406, 1901.

Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 47, 142, 1902.

Culex sylvestris Smith, Ent. News, xiii, ,303, 1902.

Cult \ sylvt stris Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Culex sylvestris Smith, Rept. ent. Dept. N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., 540, 1903.

Culex sylvestris Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 422, 1903.

( HI, i sylvestris Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., 25, 1904.

( 11I, \ sylvestris Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta., Mus., 291, 1904.

Culex sylvestris Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 251, 1905.

Culex montcalmi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 307, 1905.

Probably the most generally abundant mosquito of the Atlantic
region, breeding all Summer. It is a woods mosquito, the larvae
living in temporary rain pools. Near Washington, a large brood of
sylvestris hatches in the early pools but it occurs also later after
heavy rains. The eggs hibernate, scattered in the mud.

Prof. Blanchard has changed the name on the ground that sylves-
tris Theobald is preoccupied by silvestris Ross; but besides the
slightly different spelling, Ross' name is said to be a "nomen nudum' '
and we therefore do not think that the change is required by the
rules.

Aedes fuscus Osten=Sacken.

Aedes fuscus Osten-Sacken, Bull, U. S. Surv., iii, i<)i, 1S77.
Aedes fuscus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, x, 197, 1903.
Aedes fuscus Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 145, 1903
Aedes fuscus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 340, 1904.
Aedes fuscus Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 335, 1905
Aedes fuscus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 402, 1905.

This occurs with the preceding and has the same habits, though
the distribution is more northern. We have not taken it around
Washington

' Aedes punctor Kirby.

Culex punctor Kirby, Faun. Bor.-Am., iv, 308, [837.
Culex punctor Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904.
Culex abserratus Felt & Young, Science, N. S., xx, 505, 1904.
Culex punctor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 169, 245, 1904.
Culex punctor Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 359, [905.

One of the early Spring forms, all of which have similar habits and
distribution. We have little idea that this is the species actually in-

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: Larv^ of Cvlicidm. 195

tended by Kirbv, but just what that was will probably never be
known, and this species will do as well as another to represent the
name. It is a distinct and easily recognized larva and comes very
early. We got them near Springfield, Mass. in a marsh still con-
taining ice, on which we stood to collect them and beneath which the
larvae retreated.

Aedes meridionalis, new species. Fig. 7.

Antennae with the tuft before the middle; head hairs single; lateral
hairs single after the second abdominal segment. Air tube 2x1, pec-
ten short, reaching over one-half, followed by a large hair tuft ; comb
of twelve scales in a straight row. Anal segment broadly ringed.

Taken by the junior author in the forest beyond settlement, Las
Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, in a pond choked by vegetation
which is dry in the dry season. The specimen was named "Jantkin-
osoma musica Say" by Mr. Coquillett.

Aedes dupreei Coquillett.

Culex dupreei Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxvi, 10, 1904.

Culex dupreei Smith, Ent. News, xv, 49, 1904.

Culex dupreei Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 335, 1904.

Culex dupreei Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 283, 1905.

In this peculiar larva the air tube is nearly or quite functionless
and it lives at the bottom among leaves. It is recorded from New
Jersey and Louisiana. Mr. Busckgotitat Arima, Trinidad, in a
deep virgin Palm swamp in permanent water. He says ' ' it reminds
one of a Japanese gold-fish with its very long floating tail hairs."
One specimen was taken by the junior author associated with the
preceding species.

Aedes philosophicus, new species. Fig. 8.

The characters are indicated in the table. It was collected by the
junior author at Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz, Acapulco, Mexico, and
Sonsonate, Salvador. The specimens were named "Hcemagogus
equinus Theobald' ' by Mr. Coquillett, but we are unaware that any
species has been so named. The Culex equinus of Linnaeus and
Fabricius is said to be probably a Simulium.

Aedes triseriatus Say. '<

Culex triseriatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. S., Phil, iii, 12, 1823.

Culex triseriatus Smith, Ent. news, xiii, 301, 1902. r_ J

196 Journal New York Entomological .Society, [vol. xiv

Culex triseriatus Dyar, Journ. N. \'. ent. soc, xi, 25, 1902.

Culex triseriatus Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Cult t triseriatus Johannsen, Bull. 68, \. Y. Sta. Mus., 423, 1903.

Culex triseriatus Felt, Bull. 79, X. V. Sta. Mus., 336, 1904.

( 'uh \ triseriatus Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 275, 1905.

( ulex triseriatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 288, 1905.

The larva lives in holes in trees, occasionally frequenting rain water
barrels, especially if placed in the woods. We have the species from
all along the Atlantic coast, but only from the continent. The senior
author and Mr. Caudell got it at New Smyrna, Florida, which is our
southermost record.

Aedes albonotata Coquillett. Fig. 9.
Gynometopa albonotata Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.

Collected by Mr. Busck in the .San Francisco Mts. of San Domingo.
They were in bamboo stalks. Mr. Busck describes them as "snaky-
Looking larva?, ringed with red, pretty and distinctly marked."
Aedes calopus Meigen. Fig. 10.

Culex Jasiatus Fabricius (not Meigen), Syst. Antliat., 36, 1805.

Culex calopus Meigen, Syst. beschr. bek. eur. Zweifl. Ins., i, 3, 1818.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Mem., Liverp. Sch. Trop. Med., iv, App., iii, 1901.

Stegotnyia fasciata Howard, Mosquitoes, 135, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata Dupree and Morgan, Science, n. s., xvi, 1037, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Dyar, Proc, ent. soc. Wash., v, 51, 146, 1903.

Stegomyia fasciata Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yellow Fev. Inst., 25, 1903.

Stegomyia fasciata Taylor, Le Rev. de Med., Trop., 1903.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald , Mon. Culic, iii, 142, 1903.

Stegomyia calopus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 249, 1905.

The well-known "yellow fever mosquito," a strictlv domestic
form. It was found by Mr. Busck and the junior author in nearlv
every town visited in the tropics. It occurs in the United States
sometimes as far North as Virginia, but in March, the senior author
and Mr. Caudell found it only at Key West and Miami, Florida, be-
low the line of hard frost.

Aedes mediovittata Coquillett. Fig. 11.
Stegomyia mediovittata Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxviii, 60, 1906.

Mr Busck got a lot of these peculiar larvae in San Domingo. They
differ from all our species in having the pecten of the air tube strong-
ly spirally twisted. Mr. Busck's localities are: a pot-hole in coral
rock, in a coral rock cave, in a hollow trunk of a royal palm 40 feet
from the ground and twice in hollow palm trunks, San Francisco Mts.

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Lary.k of Cn.iciD.E. 197

Aedes sollicitans Walker.

Culex sollicitans Walker. Ins., SauncL, Dipt., i, 427, 1856.

Culex sollicitans Dyar, Journ. X. Y. ent. soe., x, 197, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Ent. News, xiii, pi. f. 4, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Sp. Bull. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., July, 1902.

Cutex sollicitans Dyar, Proe. ent. soe. Wash., v. 47, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Pysehe, x, 1, 1903.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Rept. ent., Dept., N. J. Agr., Exp., Sta., 515, 1903

Culex sollicitans Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 17, 1904.

Culex sollicitans Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 295, 1904.

Culex sollicitans Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 203, 1905.

Culex sollicitans Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 295, 1905.

The well-known ' ' New Jersey mosquito' ' breeding in the salt water
marshes and pools left by high tides along the Atlantic coast from
Maine to Florida. The senior author found it at New Smyrna,
Florida. We do not know if it extends into the tropics.

Aedes mitchellaj Dyar.
Culex mitchcllcc Dyar, Journ. X. V. ent. soe., xiii, 74, 185, 1K7, [905.

Found bv the senior author and Mr. Caudell in Georgia and Florida.
It is nearly allied to the preceding, but differs in habits, living in
temporary rain-water puddles away from the coast.
Aedes trivittatus Coquillett.

Culex trivittatus Coquillett, Journ. X. Y. ent. soe., x, 193, 1902.

Culex trivittatus Smith, Ent. News, xv, 145, 1904.

Culex trivittatus Felt, Bull. 79, X. Y. Sta. Mus., :■>:-,:•>, I9°4-

Culex trivittatus Smith, X. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 288, 1905.

Culex trivittatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 339, 1905.

Known as vet only from New Jersey. We have not personally
collected the species; the credit for its discovery belongs to Prof. J.B.
Smith.

Aedes auroides Felt.

Culicelsa auroides Felt, Bull. 79, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 449, 1903.

One of the early Spring species detected in northern New York by
Dr. Felt. We have as yet no additional localities.
Aedes infirmatus, new species. Fig. 12.

With the characters given in the table. The specimens were ob-
tained by Dr. Dupree at Baton Rouge, La., and determined by Mr.
Coquillett as "Culex confirmatus Arrib." a determination which ap-
pears to us too improbable to accept.

iqS fouRNAL New Vdkk Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Aedes damnosus Say. Fig. 13.
Culex damnosos Say, Jn. Acad. nat. soc. Phi!., iii, n, 1823.
Culex tceniorhynchus Smith (not Wiedemann), Ent. News, xiii, 300, 1902.
Culex toeniorhynchus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xi, [3, 1903.
Culex tceniorhynchus Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 146, 1903.
Culex toeniorhynchus Smith, Rept. ent. Dept. X. J. Exp. Sta., 530, 1903.
Culex toeniorhynchus Taylor. Rev. de Med. Trop June, 1903.
Culex tceniorhynchus Smith, Bull, 171, X. J. Agr exp. Sta., 21, 1904.
Culex tceniorhynchus Felt, BuH. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 302, [904.
till, \ tceniorhynchus Smith, X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 219, 1905.
Culex tceniorhynchus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 291, 1905.

This species occurs along the Atlantic coast from Rhode Island to
Florida. It has been identified with tceniorhynchus Wied., described
from Brazil, but we have felt too doubtful of the correctness of that
to adopt the name. The larva; inhabit pools near the sea, not
necessarily salt. The senior author and Mr. Caudell found them in
myriads at Xew Smyrna, Florida, in a large pool just across a road
from salt water.

Collected by the junior author at Champerico, Mexico, in a big
marsh behind the beach in brackish water; at San Jose de Guate-
mala in a puddle near the town; near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, at
the head of a mangrove-lined inlet in muddy puddles.

Aedes habanicus, new species. Fig. 14.

Antenna- rather small with the tuft at the middle; head hairs
single ; body coarsely hairy; lateral hairs mostly lost, but two are
present on the sixth abdominal segment; air tube two-and-a-half
times as long as wide, the pecten reaching to the middle, followed
by the hair tuft ; anal segment broadly ringed by the plate ; anal
gills short, about as long as the segment.

Havana, Cuba, Oct. 28, 1903, from Mr. John R. Taylor, labelled
"Culex confirmatus Arrib." we do not know on whose authority.
They were associated with many Psorophora ciliata, and doubtless
came from some temporary pool or swamp.

Aedes atlanticus, new species. Fig. is

(11I1 \ serratus, Smith (not Theobald), Ent. news, xiv, 309. 1903.
Culex serratus, Felt (not Theobald), Bull, 79, N. Y. sta. Mus., 334, 1904.
Culex serratus, Smith (not Theobald), N. J. Agr. exp. sta., Rept. Mosq., 279, 1905.
Figured by Prof. J. B. Smith under the name "Culex serratus
Theobald" as determined for him by Mr. Coquillett (N. J. Agr. exp.

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: Larvaj of Cuucim;. 199

Sta., Rept. Mosq., 280, fig 86, 1805)- While it is possible that this
is the true serratus of Theobald, described from Brazil and Guiana, we
do not think it is probable, especially in view of what we note under
Aedes tormentor above. We therefore propose a new name for the
Atlantic coast form. Prof. Smith has taken it in New Jersey and
the senior author at Sanford, Florida.

Aedes inconspicuus Grossbeck.

Culex inconspicuus Grossbeck, Ent. News, xv, 313, 1904.

Culex inconspicuus Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 18, 1905.

Culex inconspicuus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 297, 1905.

One of the Spring species detected by Mr. Grossbeck. Its range is
unknown, as no other specimens have been collected.

Aedes hemisurus, new species.

This is the species figured by Dr. Grabham from Jamaica (Can. ent.,
xxxvii, 405, 1905) as "Culex confirmatus Arrib." We do not believe
that the insular form can be conspecific with the one described from
the Argentine, especially as it is very different from the one identified
as confirmatus from the United States. (See Aedes infirmatus above)
We therefore propose a new name.

Aedes euplocamus, new species. Fig. 16.

Antennal tuft small, at the middle; head hairs single. Air tube a
little over 2 x 1 with even pecten of 1 2 teeth to the middle. Anal seg-
ment ringed; gills long, pointed, spotted.

Collected by the junior author at Zent, near Port Limon, Costa Rica,
in a ditch. It was named ''Culex trivittatus Coq.' ' by Mr. Coquillett,
but the larva disagrees.

Aedes fitchii Felt & Young.

Culex fitchii Felt & Young, Science n. s., xx. 505, 1904.
Culex fitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 282, 1904.
Culex siphonalis Grossbeck, Can. ent., xxvi, 332, 1904.
Culex fitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 246, 1904.

One of our early Spring forms with northern distribution. The
larva is readily recognizable by the long tube and the narrow angled
tracheae.

2oo Journal New York Entomological, Society, [vol. xiv.

Aedes varipalpus Coquillett.

Culex varipalpus Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxiv, 292, 1902.
Culex varipalpus Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 40, 1904.
Culex van palpus Dyar, Journ. N. V. ent. soc., xii, 90, 1904.
Cult * vzripalpis Blanch ird, Les Moustiques, 628, 1905.

A western species, probably a hollow tree feeder. The only larvae
found were in an artificial receptacle.

Aedes canadensis Theobald.

Culex canadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 3, 1901.

Culex canadensis Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 267, 1902.

Culex canadensis Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Culex canadensis Dyar, Journ. N. V. ent. soc, x, 194, 1902.

( ulex canadensis Smith, Ent. News., xiii, 300, 1902.

( 'uh x cana lens is Dyar, Proc. ent. soe. Wash., v, 141, 1903.

Culex canadensis Smith, Bull, 171, X. J. Exp. Sta., 27, 1904.

Culex canadensis Felt, Bull. 70, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 304, 1904.

Culex canadensis Smith, X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 267, 1905.

Culex cimicnsis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 316, 1905.

A very common woods species, breeding in temporary pools all
Summer, most abundantly in early Spring. Its distribution is north-
ern, although it occurs sparingly as far South as Washington, D. C,
where we have taken it, and even at Jacksonville, Florida, where
it was taken by the senior author and Mr. Caudell.
Aedes nivitarsis Coquillett.

Culex nivitarsis Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 168, 1904.

Culex nivitarsis Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 14, 1905.

Culex nivitarsis Smith, X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 229, 1905.

A species discovered by Mr. Grossbeck in New Jersey. We have
not been able to separate the larva from that of canadensis, but that
may be due to the fragmentary condition of the material.
Aedes cantator Coquillett.

Culex cantator Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxv, 255, 1903.

Culex can ta tor Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 22, 1904.

Culex cantator Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 293, 1904.

Culex cantator Dyar, Journ. X. V. ent. soc, xiii, 28, 1965.

Culex cantator Smith, X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 238, 1905.

The species breeds near the sea shore along the northern Atlantic
coast, not necessarilv in salt water. It breeds all Summer,apparent-

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larv^ of Culicid^;. 201

Aedes pullatus Coquillett.

Culex impigcr Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 37, 1904.

Culex impiger Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 144, 1904.

Culex pullatus Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 16S, 1904.

Culex pullatus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 245, 1904.

One of the early spring species, very abundant in snow water in the
Selkirks of eastern British Colombia. It possibly has a northern
distribution, but no data are available, as all the blaek-legged species
have been lumped under nigripes Zett. in the literature.

Aedes grossbecki, new species.

Culex squamiger Smith (not Coquillett), Ent. News, xv, 80, 1904.
Culex squamiger Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 13, 1905.
Culex squamiger Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 224, 1905.
Culex curriei Dyar (in part), Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 28, 1905.
Culex squamifer Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 630, 1905.

The New Jersey specimens identified as "Culex squamiger Coq."
by Mr. Coquillett and published by Prof. Smith we fully believe to be
a distinct species. Mr. Quayle records (Can. ent, xxxviii, 27, 1906)
the true squamiger (Coquillett, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 85, 1902)
as a salt marsh species from the Californian coast, to which it is no
doubt confined. The New York records of ' ' Grabliamia curriei Coq.' '
seem to refer to the present species. Unfortunately we have not been
able to secure Californian larvae for comparison, although Mr. Quayle
kindlv endeavored to supply us. It is quite possible that the Culex
onondagensis Felt (Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 304, 1904) may prove
to be this species, in which case our new name may be placed in the
synonymy.

Aedes pretans Grossbeck.
Culex pretans Grossbeck, Ent. News., xv, 332, 1904.
Culex pretans Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 17, 1905
Culex pretans Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 293, 1905.
Culex pretans Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Ex. Sta. 1904, pt. iii, pi., xii,
1905-

One of the earlv Spring forms. Its distribution seems to be less
northern than some of the others.

Aedes aestivalis Dyar.
Culex aestivalis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 245, 1904.

Common in the Selkirks of eastern British Colombia, the adults
flying later than the earliest Spring species, of which this is probably
one.

202 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Aedes subcantans Felt.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), Knt. News, xiii, 300, 1902.

Culex cantans Johannsen (not Meigen), Bull. 68, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 420, 1903.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), Bull. 171, X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 24, 1904.

Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Jonrn. X. V. ent. soe., xii, 174, 1904.

Culex cantans Felt (not Meigen), Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 286, 1904.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), X. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 242, 1905.

Culicada subcantans Felt, Bull. 97, X. V. Sta. Mus., 474, 1905.

One of the earlv Spring forms, occurring in the northeastern
United States. This is probably the Culex stimulans Walker (Cat.
Brit. Mus., Dipt, i, 4, 1848); the types should be compared.

Aedes laternaria Coquillett. Fig 17.

Verrallina laternaria Coquillett, Proc. ent. sue. Wash., vii, 184, 1906.
Collected by Mr. Busck in a hollow tree in Trinidad.

Aedes Iazarensis Felt & Young.

Culex Iazarensis Felt and Young, Science, n. s., xx, 505, 1904.
Culex Iazarensis Felt, Bull. 79, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 310, 1904.
Culicada iazarensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 478, 1905.

One of the early Spring forms not uncommon in northern New
York. The senior author has collected it in Plattsburgh.

Aedes quaylei, new species.

Culex curriei Coquillett (in part), Can. ent. xxxiii, 259, 1901.
Grabhamia curriei Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 249, 1903.
Culex curriei Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 285, 1905.
Grabhamia curriei Dyar (in part), Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 28, 1905.
Culex curriei Quayle, Ent. News, xvii, 4, 1906.

This species is the salt marsh form of the Pacific Coast, as shown
by Quayle. The types of curriei were from diverse localities, but the
North Dakota specimen must be regarded as the actual type in re-
stricting it. This form has never been bred; it cannot be the same
species as the Californian salt marsh species. It may be conspecific
with the specimens from New York mentioned above under
A. grossbecki, but this has yet to be proved.

Aedes cyaneusFabricius. Fig. 18.

Culex cyancus Fabricius, Syst. Antliat., 35, 1905.
Hcemagogus cyaneus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 112, 1805.

Mr. Busck brought some living larvae from San Domingo collected
in bamboo joints. The junior author found it at Sonsonate, Salvador,

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: Larvae of Culicid^. 203

and Port Limon, Costa Rica, in water in cocoanut shells and cacao
husks.

Aedes knabi Coquillett. Fig. 19.
Culcx knabi Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.

Collected by the junior author at Tehuantepec, Mexico, in a hollow
in a mango tree and at Salina Cruz, Mexico, also in a tree hole.

Aedes insolita Coquillett. Fig. 20.
Verrallina insolita Coquillett, Can. ent. xxxviii, 62, 1906.

Collected by the junior author at Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz, Al-
moloya, Mexico; Sonsonate, Salvador, and Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
The larvae were all in holes in trees except in one instance, at Tehuan-
tepec, they were in a (cemented) tank in a shaded part of the garden
at the public bath house.

Genus CULISETA Felt.

Theobildia Neveu-Lemiire (not Theobaldius Nevill), C. R. heb. soc. Biol., liv,

1329, 1902.
Culiseta Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 391 c, 1904.
Theobaldinella Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 390, 1905.

The larvae of this genus are extremely similar ; the following small
differences appear to hold for the species. The European annulatus
Schrank is recorded from the West coast of America, but we have
seen no larvae. Meinert's excellent figure as well as Theobald's (Mon.
Culic, hi, 150, 1903) show it to be a Culiseta, but neither is detailed
enough to let us place the larva in the table. Grabhamia vittata The-
obald (Can. ent. xxxv, 313, 1903) probably belongs here likewise.
(See remarks under Aedes abfitcJiii).

Table 0} species.

1. Lower head tuft with three long hairs, upper multiple 2

Both head tufts multiple, alike absobrinus

2. Basal pecten teeth of the air tube furcate incidens

Basal pecten teeth of the air tube with many branches consobrinus

Culiseta incidens Thomson.

Culex incidens Thomson, Kongl. Sven. Freg. Eugenies Resa omk. jood., Dipt.,

443, 1868.
Culex incidens Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 38, 1904.
Culex nigripes Blanehard (not Zetterstedtj, Les Moustiques, 345, 1905.
Theobaldinella incidens Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 393, 1905.

204 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

The species is common in the western United States to the Pacific
coast, the larva? occurring in water barrels and tanks as Culex pipiens
does in the East, although not so exclusively a domestic mosquito.
The eggs are laid in .boats. Our easternmost record is Banff, Alberta, ,
where the senior author collected it in sulphurous pools.

Culiseta absobrinus Felt.

Culi v absobrinus Felt, Bull. 79. N. Y. Sta. Mus., 318, 1904.
Culex absobrinus Dyar, Journ. X. V. ent. soc, xiii, 24, 1905.
Theobaldia absobrinus Dyar, Journ. X. Y. ent., soc, xiii, 107, 1905.

The species has a northern distribution, being recorded from Eliz-
abethtown and Tupper Lake, New York, and Kaslo, British Colum-
bia. The larvae occur in permanent pools in the same manner as C.
incidens. We have not found them in artificial receptacles.

Culiseta consobrinus Desvoidy.

Culex consobrinus Desvoidy, Mem. soe. d'his. nat., Paris, iii, 4cnS, 1827.

Culex con obrinus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc., xi, 24, 1903.

Cuh \ consobrinus Dupree & Morgan, Science, n. s., xvi, 1036, 1902.

Culex magnipennis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 324, 1904.

Culex consobrinus Dyar, Journ. X. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 26, 1905.

Culex consobrinus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 352, 1905.

The species occurs throughout the eastern United States. We
have it from Baton Rouge, La. (Dupree), Urbana, 111. (Knab), Jack-
sonville, Fla. (Dyar), Albany, N. Y. (Felt). Professor Blanchard
gives western localities, which we have not seen verified by any
specimens from beyond the Rocky Mountains. The larvae live in
permanent water, often in pools left in the beds of streams in well
shaded places.

Genus CULICELLA Felt.

Culicella Felt, Bull. 79, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 391c, 1904.

Culicella dyari Coquillett.

Culex dyari Coquillett, Journ. X. Y. ent. soc, x, 192, 1902.
Culex dyari Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 364, 1905.

The larva is one of the early Spring forms, although rather late in
the cold northern bogs. It is the only larva of the long-tubed series
that has such a habit. We took the species not uncommonly early
in Spring near Springfield, Mass., and the senior author has collected
it in New Hampshire, northern New York and eastern British Co-

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: Larvae of Culicid^e. 205

lumbia. It undoubtedly has a northern range, like all the early
Spring forms that hibernate in the egg state.

Genus CULEX Linnaeus.

Culex Linnaeus, Syst. nat., ed. x, 602, 1758.
Melanoconion Theobald, Mon. Culie., iii, 238, 1903.
Melanoconium Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 395, 1905.
Neoculex Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Micraedes Coquillett; Proe. ent. soe. Wash., vii, 185, 1906
Tinolestes Coquiilett, Proc. ent. soe. Wash., vii, 185, 1906.

The larvae typically have the antennae with a large tuft at about the
outer third, beyond the middle, the part before the tuft thick, that
beyond it slender ; air tube long, over four times as long as wide with
several tufts along the posterior edge; anal segment uniformly
ringed by a chitinous band, the ventral brush confined to the barred
area. Certain species diverge from this type in the degeneration of
the antennae, which come to resemble those of A'edes. Others diverge
in the shortening of the air tube. In two species both these diverg-
ences coexist and, although they still retain the multiple tufts of the
air tube, we have been obliged to include their names in both the
tables of the species of A'edes and Culex to avoid confusion. It hap-
pens that some A'edes have the anal segment ringed, and one (trich-
urus Dyar) has multiple tufts on the tube, which renders the abso-
lute definition of these genera difficult when the aberrant forms are
included.

Table of species.

1. Antennae with the tuft at the middle of the uniformly shaped joint 2

Antenna; with the tuft outwardly placed, the part beyond slender 5

2. Air tube very long (8 x 1), pecten teeth long spines; abdominal hairs in

coarse stellate tufts bisulcatus

Air tube shorter, about four times as long as wide 3

Air tube only about two-and-a-half times as long as wide 4

3. Antennae with a tuft; anal segment smooth restuans

Antennae with a single hair; anal segment spined pleuristriatus

4. Ring of anal segment narrow; pecten not to half of the tube; two tufts

within pecten, two beyond in line janitor

Ring of anal segment broad; pecten over half of tube; two tufts within,
two beyond not in line, two on dorsal aspect lactator

5. Air tube three times as long as wide or less 6

Air tube four times as long as wide or over 7

6. Body pilose; pecten of the air tube to three-fourths interrogator

Body spicular-granular; pecten of the air tube small, to one-third barbarus

206 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiV.

7. Anal appendages only 1 wo bahamensis

Anal appendages four, normal 8

8. Air tube with three paired tufts posteriorly outwardly, the middle one

moved laterad out of line, usually situated near or not much beyond
the middle of the tube 9

Air tube with four paired tufts posteriorly outwardly (sometimes increased
by additional ones basaliy), the subapical one moved laterad out of
line, usually situated at the outer third of the tube 14

Air tube with four to ten paired tufts along the posterior line in a straight
row, none displaced, or the hairs obsolete or absent 18

9. Body glabrous; air tube 7x1; antennae dark mortificator

Body spicular or pilose 10

10. Dislocated tuft of tube well beyond the middle carmodyce

Dislocated tuft of tube not, or scarcely beyond the middle 11

ii. Anal processes broad and bluntly rounded 12

Anal processes long and tapered, rather sharply pointed 13

12. Air tube subfusiform, tapered on outer half; body spicular. .extricator
Air tube gently tapered uniformly; body pilose declarator

13. Air tube very slightly flared at tip; pecten very long, as long as the

diameter of the tube at the middle proclamator

Air tube regularly tapered on outer two-thirds to tip; pecten long hut not
equalling half the diameter of the tube inquisitor

14. Air tube long, over 5x1, the sides nearly straight without marked taper-

ing 15

Air tube less than five times as long as wide, the sides curved, tapering
rather rapidly after the middle, subfusiform 17

15. Body glabrous salinarius

Body spicular-pilose 16

16. Air tube 8x1, the tufts 3-haired and short; antennae dark, .habilitator
Air tube 6x1, the tufts 2-haired and long; antennae pale at base, factor
Air tube 7x1, the tufts single and very long; antennae pale. .. .regulator

17. Air tube 5x1, pecten teeth about 15; subdorsal hairs of abdominal seg-

ments 3 and 4 double pipiens

Air tube 4x1, pecten teeth about nine; subdorsal hairs of abdominal
segments 3 and 4 single cubensis

18. Air tube with a subapical crown of spikes; body pilose coronator

Air tube without a crown of spikes, smooth throughout 19

19. Air tube with long well-defined tufts 20

Air tube with small double or single hairs, or bare 31

20. Body spicular-pilose 21

Body glabrous or lightly granular 26

21. Five tufts on posterior margin of tube subequal in length, short; lateral

abdominal hairs in twos on segments 3 to 5 22

Five tufts on tube with the basal one very long, the rest progressively
shorter; abdominal hairs in threes on segments 3 to 5 23

Dec, 1906.] Dyar and Knab: Larv^ of Culicid^. 207

22. Air tube 11 x 1; upper head hair double; peeten of air tube moderate

derivator

Air tube 6 x i; upper head hair single; peeten long investigator

Air tube 6 x i; upper head hair multiple; peeten rather long, .inhibitator

23. Upper head hair triple; tufts of tube long, the basal one over half the

length of the tube mutator

Upper head hair single; tufts of tube all shorter than half its length 24

24. Peeten of tube dense and fine, not as long as diameter of tube 25

Peeten sparse and open, equalling the diameter of the tube at middle

elevator

25. Dorsal hairs stellate, long; antennae dark educator

Dorsal hairs small ; antennae pale at base conspirator

26. Air tube concave, the tip expanded 27

Air tube regularly tapered, the tip not widened 28

27. Peeten of air tube short; antennae pale at base; lateral comb of the eighth

segment a large patch of spines territans

Peeten of the air tube of long spines; antennae dark; lateral comb of
the eighth segment scarcely over two rows deep simulator

28. Both head hairs single gravitator

Upper head hair triple, lower single decorator

Both head hairs triple or multiple 29

29. Lateral abdominal hairs in threes after the second segment; body glabrous ;

air tube not over five times as long as wide tar salts

Lateral abdominal hairs in twos after the second segment; body spicular-
granular; air tube 6 x 1 3°

30. Air tube with ten close tufts; antennae pale at base; dorsal tufts of anal

segment 1 + 3 on each side secutor

Air tube with six to seven sparse tufts; antennae dark; dorsal tufts of anal
segment 1 long + 1 long and one short lamentator

31. Air tube very long with a swelling at outer fourth daumasturus

Air tube uniform, without any swelling 32

32. Air tube with slight tufts 33

Air tube with single hairs or bare 37

33. Peeten of the air tube reaching to one-third (Dr. Grabham) 34

Peeten of the air tube reaching one-fourth or less 35

34. Peeten short and broad, the tube 8x1, slightly curved forward; labial plate

with subbasal tooth projecting micro squammosus

Peeten long, the tube 10 x 1 ; labial plate with even teeth atratus

35. Peeten dense and fine; lateral hairs in threes after the second segment

carcinophilus

Peeten sparse and long 36

36. Lateral hairs in twos after the second segment; comb of the eighth seg-

ment of very long spines rejector

Lateral hairs in fours after the second segment; comb of shorter spines
and more . rows deep vector

2o8 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

37. Pecten of the air tube of five teeth, the last two long and remote, on the

basal one-seventh of the tube inimitabilis

Peeten of numerous teeth densely and regularly spaced 38

38. Lateral abdominal hairs single on segments 3 to 5 conservator

Lateral abdominal hairs double on segments 3 to 5 39

39. Air tube with four rather long single hairs on posterior margin. . .restrictor
Air tube with a single smail hair or none 40

40 Pecten of the air tube reaching to one-fourth divisor

Pecten of the air tube reaching to one-third latisquamma

Culex bisulcatus Coquillett. Fig. 21.

Micraedes bisulcatus Coquillett, Proc. ent, soc. Wash., vii, 185, 1906.

The antennae have the tuft at the middle ; the head tufts multiple ;
air tube very long with long pecten reaching nearly half way, follow-
ed by scattered tufts. Anal segment with the chitinous ring furnish-
ed with long spines on the posterior edge.

The specimens were collected by Mr. Busck in Guadeloupe on the
Soufriere, 3,000 feet altitude, and in San Domingo, from larvae in
Bromelias and leaf angles of Spanish Bayonet.

Culex restuans Theobald.

Culex restuans Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 142, 1901.

Culex restuans Dyar, Journ, N. Y. ent. soc, x, 199, 1902.

Culex restuans Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 302, 1902.

Culex >> rtuans Dyar, Ent. News, xiv, 41, 1903.

t nl, \ restuans Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 144, 1903.

Culex restuans Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 417, 1903.

Culex restuans Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 16, 1904.

Culex restuans Dyar & Knab, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 143, 1904.

Culex restuans Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 326, 1904.

Culex restuans Smith, N. J. Agr. Ex. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 315, 1905.

The larva is apparently a normal inhabitant of hollow trees and
dirty permanent pools. It is a wild species, native to the northeast-
ern part of the continent, but takes very kindly to rain water barrels
and other artificial breeding places. In places well removed from
the seaboard and from large towns, where Culex pipiens has not yet
penetrated, it is the dominant species in water barrels. Nearer the
coast, it appears mixed with pipiens. The eggs are laid in rafts and
the early stages are closely similar to pipiens, although the larva is
readily enough distinguished by the structure of the antennae.

Dec, 1906.] Dyar and Knab : Larv* of CuucM. 209

Culex pleuristriatus Theobald. Fig. 22.

Culex pleuristriatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, Hi, 177. J9°3-
Culex pleuristriatus Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 43, i9<>4-

Described from Brazil. Mr.Coquillett has given us the name for a
specimen from Trinidad from Mr. F. W. Urich, bred from Bromeha
water. Its peculiar characters are indicated in the table. The mos-
quito fauna of the Bromelias is very rich, both in Sabethmes and
members of the genus Culex, as well as the Megarhinus that prey on

them.

Culex janitor Theobald.

Culex janitor Theobald, Mon. Culic., hi, 182, 1903.
Culex janitor Grabham, Can. ent., xxxvii, 406, 1905.

Described from Jamaica. Dr. Grabham figures the larva which we
have not seen in nature. Mr. Coquillett applied the name tentative-
ly to a very different species, to which we shall refer further on.
Culex lactator, new species. Fig. 23.

With the characters given in the table ; a very distinct form. The
larva contradicts both the characters which usually define the species
of Culex but we nevertheless believe that it belongs here. The anal
segment has the normal structure of all the Culex species.

The larvse were taken by the junior author in puddles at Cordoba,
Santa Lucrecia, Rincon Antonio, Tehuantepec and Almoloya, Mex-
ico • Puntarenas and San Jose, Costa Rica. The adults were named
"Culex-> secutor Theob." and mixed with another species (C. corona-
tor D. & K.) under this name. Compare our remarks under Culex
secutor and Janthinosoma scholasticus .

Culex interrogator, new species. Fig. 24.
The antennse have the normal structure for Culex, but the air tube
is short as in Males. Its pecten is stout and runs to the apical fourth.
There are three hair tufts and a fourth smaller, placed laterally.
The comb of the eighth segment is in a long straight row, supplement-
ed by a second shorter one. The anal segment is normal. The skin
is pilose; the tracheae broad.

Collected by the junior author at Rincon Antonio, Mexico, in ditch-
es The adults were named "Culex} salinarius Coq." by Mr. Co-
quillett with which species they have nothing whatever to do.

210 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Culex barbarus, new species. Fig. 25.

Very nearly allied to C. cubensis Bigot, but the air tube much stout-
er. The lateral hairs are in twos after the second abdominal segment,
the subdorsal ones also in twos. Tracheae broad.

A single specimen was collected by Mr. Busck in a lagoon pool far
from habitation on the South coast of Trinidad. It was named ''Cu-
lex pipiens L." by Mr. Coquillett.

Culex bahamensis, new species. Fig. 26.

This very peculiar species was collected by Dr. T. H. Coffin in the
Bahamas, but, although he preserved pupae, he obtained no adults.
The skin is glabrous, but curiously enough, the air tube is pilose out-
wardly. The lateral hairs are in threes on the third and fourth seg-
ments, in twos on the fifth and sixth. There are but a single pair of
anal gills, a character only paralleled in Wyeomia. The six tufts of
the air tube are arranged in a line along the posterior margin, three
of them within the pecten.

Culex mortificator, new species. Fig. 27.

Antennae normal, dark throughout; head hairs in threes. Air tube
seven times as long as wide, uniformly slightly tapering, the pecten
on the basal fourth; tufts very long but few-haired. Comb of the
eighth segment of many long spine-like scales in a large patch. Anal
segment rather long, normal; anal gills unusually long.

Collected by the junior author in Zent, Costa Rica, in a hollow in
a stump of a banana tree, but no adults were obtained.

Culex carmodyae, new species. Fig. 28.

Antennae normal, pale at base. Body pilose; lateral hairs in twos
after the second segment; subdorsal hairs long and in twos on seg-
ments 5, 6 and 7; tracheae broad. Air tube five to seven times as
long as wide with the three tufts in twos, the basal very long, the
others successively shorter. Comb of the eighth segment normal,
moderate.

Collected by Mr. Busck in San Domingo from a vase in the hotel
parlor and in a slowly running water course across a road. The
adults were named "Culex salinarius Coq.' ' and "Culex pipiens L,"
neither of which species occurs in the island to our knowledge. We

Dec, 1906.] Dyar and Knab : Larvae of Culicid^. 2 1 1

name the species for Miss Mary Carmody, who has done excellent
and faithful work in drawing the mouth parts of larvae, and is withal
a most amiable young lady.

Culex extricator, new species. Fig. 29.

The antennal tuft arises near the middle, but has a distinct notch ;
the head hairs are in threes or fours; air tube much tapered on outer
half, the tufts weak ; body shortly hairy, the spicules not much elong-
ated. The lateral hairs are in twos after the second abdominal seg-
ment. Lateral comb of the eighth segment well developed. Anal
gills bluntly rounded.

Collected by Mr. Busck in a bucket used to keep live crabs at
Cedros, Trinidad. The adults were named "Culex pipens L" by
Mr. Coquillett.

Culex declarator, new species. Fig. 30.

Antennal tuft placed well outward, the member all dark. Head
hairs in fours; bodv pilose ; lateral hairs in twos after the second ab-
dominal segment. Air tube five times as long as wide, the pecten
reaching one-third. Lateral comb of the eighth segment large ; anal
gills short and blunt.

Collected by Mr. Busck in a lagoon pool far from habitation on the
south coast of Trinidad. The adults were named "Culex pipiens L "
by Mr. Coquillett.

Culex proclamator, new species. Fig. 31.

Antennal tuft at the outer third, the member dark; head hairs in
threes; body pilose; tracheae broad. The subdorsal hairs of the ab-
dominal segments are very long. Air tube five times as long as wide,
strongly tapered outwardly, the apical third nearly straight; pecten
very long and running to one-half.

Collected by the junior author at Santa Lucrecia and Almoloya,
Mexico; Puntarenas, Costa Rica.

The adults were named "Culex} salinarius Coq.' ' and "Culex? secu-

tor Theob

Culex inquisitor, new species. Fig. 32.

Antennal tuft well outward, the whole member dark ; head hairs
in threes; lateral abdominal hairs in twos after the first segment.

212 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Air tube five times as long as wide, the pecten short and reaching
nearly to the middle. Anal gills long and pointed.

Collected by Mr. Busckin a manure ditch behind a stable, Cedros,
Trinidad, and in pods of cocoa in "stinking black half solid water"
in Dominica. The eggs are laid in boats. Also obtained by the junior
author in Santa Lucrecia, Mexico and Puntarenas, Costa Rica. All
the adults were labelled "Culex secutor Theob." by Mr. Coquillett.

Culex salinarius Coquillett.

Culex nigritulus Smith, Ent. news, xiii, 303, 1902.

Culex nigritulus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xi, 24, 1903.

Culex nigritulus Dyar, Proe. ent. soe. Wash., v, 143, note, 1903.

Cult x nigritulus Smith, Rept. ent. Dept. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 535, 1903.

Culex salinarius Coquillett, Ent. News, xv, 73, 1904.

Culex salinarius Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 23, 1904.

Culex salinarius Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc., xii, 173, note, 1904.

Culex salinarius Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., ^^2, 1904.

Culex salinarius Smith, N, J., Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 318, 1905.

This species is unfortunately misnamed, for it never lives in salt
water. It is a permanent swamp species, often frequenting rain bar-
rels and occurring from the Atlantic to the Mississippi Valley. Our
records are Chesapeake Beach, Md. (Dyar), Newark, N.J. (Brehme)
Urbana, 111. (Knab), Washington, D. C, (Dyar), Georgetown, D. C.
(Caudell), Springfield, Mass. (Knab), St. Louis, Mo. (Busck).

Culex habilitator, new species. Fig. 33.

Antennae with the tuft at outer third, all dark. Head hairs, the
upper tuft in four or five, the lower in three. ' Body pilose; lateral
hairs in twos after the second abdominal segment ; subdorsal hairs in
threes on segments 3 to 7 . Air tube very long, 8x1, the pecten reach-
ing nearly one-third.

The larvae were collected by Mr. Busckin a small pool in a cave in
coral cliffs near the ocean in San Domingo and in a large crab hole in a
lagoon along a river, but these last are referred here with doubt as the
condition of the skins is imperfect . The specimens were named ' ' Cu-
lex secutor Theob . ' '

Culex factor, new species. Fig. 34.

Antennal tuft beyond the middle, the member pale on the basal
half. Head hairs in threes; body pilose; tracheal tubes broader than

Dec, 1906.] Dyar and Knab : Larvae of Culicid^;. 213

in coronator. Lateral hairs in twos after the second abdominal seg-
ment. Subdorsal hairs very long and in twos on segments 4 to 7.
Air tube long, 6x1, the pecten reaching to one-third.

Collected by the junior author at Santa Luerecia, Rincon Antonio,
Tehuantepec and Salina Cruz, Mexico, and labelled "Culex? secutor
Theob.'' by Mr. Coquillett. Others were taken at St. Vincent, Bar-
badoes and Martinique by Mr. Busck and labelled "Culex salinarius
Coq.' ' by the author of that species ; but these specimens of Mr. Busck
we refer here more doubtfully, as their condition is so poor that we
cannot be certain of them. Mr. Busck's material was all taken out
and handled by Mr. Coquillett before our final examination, which
extra handling was far from beneficial to the skins.

Culex regulator, new species. Fig. 35.

Antennae with the tuft nearly at the outer third, pale at base.
Head hairs in threes; body pilose; lateral hairs in twos after the sec-
ond abdominal segment; tracheae broad. Air tube 7x1, with long
single hairs, the pecten reaching to one-fourth. Anal gills long
and pointed.

Collected by Mr. Busck in an old bucket in a field in San Domingo.
The adults were named "Culex salinarius Coq."

Culex pipiens Linnaeus. Fig. 36.

Culex pipiens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 601, 1758.
Culex pipiens Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 340, 1905.

Antennal tuft at the outer third, the member all dark. Head hairs
in fours or more ; body glabrous ; lateral hairs in twos after the second
abdominal segment; subdorsal hairs in twos; tracheae broad. Air
tube about five and a half times as long as wide, the pecten reach-
ing nearly one- third.

We have accepted this form as the common European species in-
troduced into America, although in spite of various efforts we have
been unable to secure any European larvae for comparison. The
species is domestic in habits, the larvae occurring in rain water barrels
and other artificial receptacles. The distribution is Northern, but
not boreal and is confined to the vicinity of civilization. Our records
are: Bellport, N. Y. (Dyar), Ithaca, N. Y. (Johannsen), West Spring-
field, Mass. (Knab), Durham, N. H. (Dyar), Chicago, 111. (Kelly),

214 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Urbana, 111. (Knab), Murphysboro, 111. (Mosier), Arlington and
Rossi yn, Va. (Pergande).

Culex cubensis Bigot. Fig. 37.

Cult \ pungens Wiedemann (not Desvoidy), Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, 11, 1828.

Culex cubensis Bigot, Hist. rise. Isl. Cuba, vii, 329, 1857.

( 'uli \ fatigans Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 353, 1905.

This is the Culex pungens Wied. and is the form called "Culex fat-
igans Wied." by Mr. Theobald and, following him, by Miss Ludlow.
We are unable to consider it conspecific with the Indian fatigans. In
the first volume of his monograph of Culicidae (pp. 28 and 43), Mr.
Theobald quotes a figure of the larva and account of its habits from
Capt. James, which evidently refers to a wild long-tubed species,
something like onr ten- i tans. Other authors refer to fatigans as a do-
mestic species, so it may be that Mr. Theobald did not rightlv name
Capt. James' material. We have specimens from India labelled fat-
igans which come very near our cubensis, yet show enough difference
to prevent our putting them under the same name. Cubensis ap-
pears to be the earliest valid name based on American specimens, of
those that have been referred to the synonymy of fatigans, and we
therefore use the name.

The larva is close to pipiens, but has a shorter air tube, 4x1, and
the subdorsal hairs are single. It is a domestic species, but has a
southern distribution, overlapping pipiens in the northern part of
its range only. The junior author collected it in a shallow puddle at
Cordoba, in a water barrel at the door of a workman's dwelling and
in a trench back of a store in Rincon Antonio ; in a hole in a tree trun k
at Tehuantepec, Mexico ; in a barrel of clear water in a shed at San
Jose ; in a boat full of rain water, Port Limon, Costa Rica. Mr. Busck
collected it in an earthen-ware vessel of rain water, in an open ditch
along a road, in a bucket used to keep live crabs, in an unused chick-
en feeder in Cedros ; in a hollow tree near a house, Montserrat, Trinidad ;
in an old starch barrel, St. Vincent; in a barrel back of a house, Bar-
badoes ; in a hollow tree, Fort de France ; in running water in a horse
trough, in running water in the country with green algae, in a rain
water barrel in a negro's house, Martinique ; in an old sugar boiler,
Dominica ; in a water hole in the country, St. Thomas; in an old iron
tank, City of San Domingo. We have North American specimens

Dec, 1906.] Dvar and Knab : Larvae of Culicid^. 215

from Victoria, Texas (Hinds), Baton Rouge, La. (Dupree), and
Washington, D. C. (Dyar). The specimens were uniformly deter-
mined as "Culex pipiens L," by Mr. Coquillett.

Concerning the supposed transference of Filaria by this species, we
presume it is not necessary for it to be strictly conspecific with the
Indian fatigans in order to accomplish it, for a number of not closely
allied mosquitoes appear to be regarded as carrying agents (compare
Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 536, 1905). We would observe that the
Culex skusei which Col. Giles regarded as the transferring agent of
Filaria is a good species, not a synonym of fatigans as stated by Blan-
chard, nor even a variety of it as Theobald makes it, to judge from the
published figure of the larva. We do not know skusei in America.

Culex coronator, new species. Fig. 38.

Antennae with the tuft slightly beyond the middle, pale ; head hairs,
the upper in four or five, the lower in three or four, rarely five ; body
hairy. Air tube long, 9x1, the pecten reaching two-fifths, a crown
of coarse spikes before apex, usually well developed, sometimes
nearly obsolete. Anal gills moderate.

An abundant species throughout the tropics, apparently absent
from the islands. Mr. Busck took it in a pool in the woods at St.
Joseph, Trinidad, in a lagoon pool on the South side of Trinidad, in a
bucket with live crabs and an open ditch in the middle of the village,
Cedros, Trinidad. The junior author found this the commonest
species in Mexico and Central America. The localities are : puddles in
street, shallow puddle on outskirt, pools in a stream, Cordoba ; muddy
road way along railroad tracks, Tehuantepec ; puddles, etc. ,Salina Cruz ;
tanks at Acapulco, Mexico; puddles, San Josede Guatemala; ditch,
San Salvador; hole in root of tree, Sonsonate, Salvador; shallow pool,
Puntarenas, large muddy puddle and barrel of clear water, San Jose,
Costa Rica; puddles in freshly dug railroad ditch, Port Limon,Cos\
Rica. This is a most inoffensive mosquito. Although breeding i
myriads in all roadside puddles it seems not to bite and does not ente\
houses. The adults were all named "Culex secutor Theob." by Mr.
Coquillett, except one of Mr. Busck's, which was called "pipiens"
(it may have been in bad condition). To the junior author's speci-
mens he added a query and the note "also janitor? and tarsalis?"

216 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Culex derivator, new species. Fig. 39.

Antennae with the tuft well outward ; upper head tuft double, very
long, body hairy; tracheae narrow; lateral hairs in twos after the sec-
ond abdominal segment. Air tube very long, 11 x 1, pecten reach-
ing one-third its length, the distal teeth detached ; five short tufts on
posterior margin. Lateral comb of the eighth segment large, of
long spines.

Taken by the junior author in a puddle in a ravine at Cordoba,
Mexico, but not bred.

Culex investigator, new species. Fig. 40.

Antennae with the tuft slightly beyond the middle, dark; head
hairs single ; body pilose ; lateral hairs in twos after the first abdomin-
al segment. Air tube five-and-a-half times as long as wide, rather
markedly tapered on basal third ; pecten of long teeth, reaching two-
fifths, followed by five rather short hair tufts.

Taken by the junior author in a pool beside the railroad track,
three miles from town, Santa Lucrecia, Mexico. Mr. Cocmillett
seems not to have named the adult although one was bred.

Culex inhibitator, new species. Fig. 41.

Antennae with the tuft near the outer third, dark ; upper head tuft
of four, short, lower long and single ; body hairy ; lateral hairs in twos
after the first abdominal segment; tracheae narrow. Air tube long,
6x1, the pecten long and reaching one-third, with five tufts, decreas-
ing in length a little toward tip. Anal segment long, but the gills
short.

Collected by Mr. Busck in a slowly running clear cold spring in the
San Francisco Mts. of San Domingo. It was named " Melanoconion
indecorabilis Theob.' ' by Mr. Coquillett, but that was described from
Para, Brazil, and we do not believe it is our species.

Culex mutator, new species. Fig. 42.

Antennae with the tuft near the outer third, pale at base; upper
head tuft of three, lower single; body pilose. Air tube 5x1, tapered,
five or six tufts along the posterior margin, the basal one longest;
pecten long, but not immoderately so.

Collected by the junior author at Cordoba, Mexico, in puddles in a

Dec, 1906.] Dyar and Knab : Larwe of Culicid^. 217

ravine. The adults were named "Melanoconion humilis Theob.' ' by
Mr. Coquillett, but we see no reason to accept this determination .
M. humilis was described from Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Culex elevator, new species. Fig. 43.
Antennae with the tuft beyond the middle, pale at base; head hairs
single- body hairy; two lateral hairs on the second abdominal seg-
ment,'three on the third to sixth. Air tube 6x1, nearly straight
with 'very long pecten; five tufts on the posterior margin; anal gills

short.

Taken by the junior author in a pool of clear water containing veg-
etable debris at the head of a small stream two miles west of Port
Limon, Costa Rica. The adults were not bred.

Culex educator, new species. Fig. 44.
Antennae with the tuft at outer third, dark ; head hairs single ; body
coarsely hairy ; lateral hairs in twos on the second segment, in threes
on the third to sixth; subdorsal hairs long, stellate ; tracheae narrow.
Air tube 6 x 1, a little tapered, pecten moderate; five tufts on the pos-
terior margin decreasing to tip.

Collected by the junior author in an old stream bed disconnected

from the stream, containing fish, but the larvae in reeds at the edge,

Rio Aranjuez, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The adults were named

"Melanoconion atratus Theob." by Mr. Coquillett.

Culex conspirator, new species. Fig. 45.

As in the preceding species, but differentiated by the characters

given in the table.

Collected by the junior author at Almoloya, Oaxaca, Mexico, in a
laree pot hole full of clear water and in a shallow pool frequented by
cattle at Las Loras near Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The specimens
were named "Melanoconion atratus Theob.' '
Culex territans Walker.

Culex territans Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., i, 428, 1856.

Culex territans Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, ix, 178, 1901.

Cutex territans Smith, Ent. news, xm, 302, 1902.

Culex territans Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 48, 142, 1903.

Culex territans Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Cutex territans Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 40, 1904-

Culex territans Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., 24, 1904.

Culex territans Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 307, 1904-

218 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Culex territans Knab, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xii, 246, 1904.
Culcx territans Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 329, 1905.
< 'id, x t, 1 1 it, nis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 367, 1905.

Our most common species in the Summer time, breeding in all the
swamps especially if cold and clear. It seems entirely harmless as we
have never been bitten by a specimen. The adult is in fact seldom
seen, being of retiring habits. It may be obtained by sweeping the
bushes.

The species occurs throughout the United States. We may men-
tion Springfield, Mass. (Knab), Ithaca, N. Y. (Johannsen), Lahaway,
N. J. (Brakely), Baltimore, Md. (Dyar and Caudell), Baton Rouge,
La. (Dupree), Stanford Univ., Cal. (MacCracken) , Kaslo, B. C.
(Dyar and Currie).

Culex simulator, new species. Fig. 46.

Antennae with the tuft at outer third, dark ; upper head tuft double,
lower single ; body smooth ; lateral hairs single on the second abdomi-
nal segment, double on the third to sixth ; tracheae narrow. Air tube
7x1, slightly flared at tip, with five tufts on the posterior margin;
pecten very long, reaching one-third ; lateral comb of the eighth seg-
ment scarcely over two rows deep. Anal segment long.

Taken by Mr. Busck in Arima, Trinidad, in the primeval woods.
No adults were obtained.

Culex gravitajtor, new species. Fig. 47.

Antennae with the tuft before the outer third, dark ; hairs single ;
body glabrous ; lateral hairs in threes on abdominal segments 3 to 6 ;
tracheal tubes narrow, angulated within the segments. Air tube
six-and-a-half times as long as wide, with long pecten reaching to
one-third. Anal gills small.

Collected by the junior author in a large Bromeliaceous plant con-
taining water between the leaves, growing in a ticket in a valley
above Cordoba, Mexico. In spite of careful atteWBn no adults were
bred. Some of the larvae lived two months after being collected;
they probably died of starvation.

Culex decorator, new species. Fig. 48.

Antennae with the tuft beyond the outer third, dark ; head hairs, the
upper tuft triple, the lower single ; lateral hairs double on the second

Dec, ; 1906.] DyarandKnab: Larv^ofCulicid^. 219

s^m-nt in threes on the third to fifth, in twos and mnch longer on
the sixth. Air tube 7x1, the pecten not reaching one-third, short.

Anal gills short. ■ .

Collected by Mr. Busck on Tobago Island, the larvae in bamboo
joints. They were brought to Washington alive, but failed to mature .
Culex tarsalis Coquillett.

Culcx tarsalis Coquillett, Can. ent., xxviii, 43. ^9^-
Culex kelloggii Theobald, Can. ent., xxxv, 31 1, 1903-
Culex tarsalis Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 40, 1904.
Steoomyia (?) tarsalis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 265, 1905-

We have the species from three widely separated localities, Stan-
ford University, Cal. (MacCracken) . Victoria, B. C. (Dyar) Urbana,
111 (Knab) The larvae differ perceptibly; especially the Calif ornian
ones have a shorter, darker air tube and a thicker labial plate ; but we
do not esteem the differences to be of specific value.
Culex secutor Theobald. Fig. 49-

Culex secutor Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 321, 1901.
Culex secutor Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 300, 1905.
Culex secutor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc., xm, 26, 1905.

Dr Grabham has kindly sent us the larva, from Cinchona Jamaica.
They represent a distinct species, which has not come to us from any
of the other islands or the mainland.

Culex lamentator, new species. Fig. 50.
Antennae with the tuft but slightly beyond the middle, dark; head
hairs in threes ; body granular, subspicular ; lateral hairs in twos after
th first s-n^t;tra-ae3ebr3xd. Air tubs 6 x i, with six tufts along
posterior line; pecten reaching a little over one-fourth. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment large; gills moderate.
" Collected bv Mr. Busck in a hollow palm trunk in the! San Francisco
Mts San Domingo. It was named "Culex secutor Theob. by Mr.
Coquillett; it should be regarded as a distinct, but allied species, re-
presenting the Jamaican form in San Domingo.

Culex microsquammosus Theobald.
*** microsawmmosus Theobald in Grabham, Can. ent., xxxvii, 407, -W.

Dr Grabham gives the larval characters in presenting Mr. Theo-
bald's description. The species is from Jamaica.

220 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Culex atratus Theobald

Culex atratus Theobald, Mon., Culic, ii, 55, 1901.

Melanoconion atratus Grabham in Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 238, 1903.

( 11I1 \ atratus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 335, 1905.

Melanoconium atratum Blanchard, I.es Moustiques, 395, 1905.

Melanoconion atratus Grabham, Can. ent., xxxvii, 403, 1905.

The larva has been made known by Dr. Grabham. His first com-
munication is accompanied by a plate (Mon Culic, iii, pi. xvi) which,
however, gives no adecmate idea of the species, so that the senior
author was led to accept one of Mr. Coquillett's determinations, and
published a description of another larva under this name. (See Journ.
N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 29, 1905, and compare Mochlostyrax erraticus of
this paper).

Culex carcinophilus, new species. Fig. si-
Antennae with the tuft beyond the middle, dark ; upper head tuft
multiple, lower single; body spicular, not pilose; lateral hairs in twos
on the second abdominal segment, in threes on the third to sixth.
Air tube very long, 10 x 1, straight; four small, two-haired tufts on
posterior margin ; pecten of long spines outwardly, reaching to one-
sixth. Lateral comb of the eighth segment large; anal gills very
small.

Collected by Mr. Busck from crab holes containing fresh water near
San Domingo City. The adults were named "Melanoconion atratus
Theob.' '

Culex daumasturus, new species. Fig. 52.

Distinct from any known larva by the very long air tube (12 x 1)
with a swelling at the outer third.

It was collected by Mr. Busck in the leaf corner of a Century
Plant near the pitch lake, La Brea, Trinidad. A second specimen
has been sent us by Mr. Urich from Bromelias at Arima, Trinidad.
The adult was named "Culex imitator Theob." by Mr. Coquillett,
and it may be that species, which was bred from Bromelia water by
Dr. Dutz in Brazil; but we do not feel certain enough of it to accept
the name.

Culex vector, new species. Fig. 53.

Antennae with the tuft at the outer third, pale; body glabrous; lat-
eral abdominal hairs in four on first segment, twos on second, fours

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab : Larv^ of Culicid^. 221

on third to fifth, single and long on the sixth. Air tube 9x1, wide
at base, the pecten sparse and long, reaching to one-fourth, followed
by a little double-haired tuft. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
a large patch of long spines. Anal gills moderate, pointed.

Collected by Mr. Urich in Trinidad from Bromelia water. It was
named by Mr. Coquillett "Culex van' palpus Coq.,' ' but on our remon-
strating with him, it was changed to "Culex imitator Theob.'' We
cannot adopt this name, either. (See remark under the preceding
species).

Culex rejector, new species. Fig. 54.

Antennae with the tuft near the outer third, pale; head hairs, the
upper tuft multiple, the lower single; body glabrous; lateral hairs in
twos on segments 2 to 5, single on the sixth; tracheal tubes narrow,
angled. Air tube very long, 10 x 1, nearly straight, with four small
tufts on posterior margin; pecten of very long spines to one-fifth.
Lateral comb of the eighth segment of long spine-like scales. Later-
al tuft of the anal segment very large; gills long and pointed.

Collected by the junior author in a large Bromeliaceous plant at
Cordoba, Mexico, with C. gravitator. All these larvae died, presum-
ably from lack of their natural food.

Culex inimitabilis, new species. Fig. 55.

Collected in Bromelia water by Mr. Urich in Trinidad with C. daum-
asturus, which it resembles, but lacks the swelling on the tube. The
body is smooth; the lateral hairs are in threes on the first segment,
twos on the second, threes and short on the third to fifth, twos and
long on the sixth. It was named "Culex? pipiens L ,'' by Mr. Co-
quillett; rather a worse guess than usual.

Culex conservator, new species. Fig. 56.

Antennae with the tuft beyond the outer third, dark ; air tube 8x1,
a single hair at the middle; pecten not reaching one-third. Anal
segment long with short gills.

Collected by Mr. Busck in a hollow tree in the village of St. Joseph,
Trinidad. Also in hollow trees near Montserrat, Trinidad, and Fort
de France, Martinique, but these are broken and we do not feel sure
of them. All were labelled " A'edes perturbans Will." by Mr. Coqu-

222 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

illett. Blanchard refers perturbans Will, to the genus Wyeomia (Sab-
ethinae) and makes it the same as W. grayii Theob. Apparently no-
body knows what \\ "illiston's species really was; it may be our C.
conservator or C. divisor or some other species, more probably the lat-
ter, we believe.

Culex restrictor, new species. Fig. 57.

Antennae with the tuft near the outer third ; upper head hair triple,
lower single, long; lateral hairs in twos on the second to sixth abdom-
inal segments. Air tube 8x1, the pecten to one-fifth; four single
hairs on posterior margin. Lateral comb of the eighth segment large ;
anal gills small.

Collected by the junior author in a small hole in a tree in a ravine
at Almoloya, Oaxaca, Mexico. Our larva pupated, but failed to
emerge.

Culex latisquamma Coquillett. Fig. 58.

Tinolestes latisquamma Coquillett, Proc. ent., soc. Wash., vii, 185, 1906.

Antennal tuft at the outer third, dark ; upper head tuft four, lower
single ; lateral hairs in four on the first segment, two long ones on the
second, in twos but short on the third to fifth, one long one on the
sixth. Air tube 8x1, pecten to one-third.

Collected by the junior author at Port L,imon, Costa Rica, with De-
inocerites in crab holes. The larvae were not bred, although thev
lived a month and were brought back to Washington. Adults cap-
tured in the hole, which are in all probability adults of these larvae,
were named "Aedes? riigricorpus Theob." by Mr. Coquillett and later
described as a new genus and species.

Culex divisior, new species. Fig. 59.

The characters are included in the table, all that can be demonstra-
ted in the rather badly damaged material, which suffered in transit.

It was collected by Mr. Urich in Trinidad ; ten specimens were bred
from the same egg mass collected in a hollow bamboo joint. The
egg mass was floating free, the eggs stuck together by their sides in
the normal way- Mr. Coquillett has identified the adults as " Aedes
pertinans Will.,'' which may be correct. The species pertinans has,
however, been referred to the Sabethinae, and we do not feel justified
in accepting the same till someone has examined Williston's types.

Dec, iqo6.] Dvar and Knar: Larvae of CuuciD^e. 223

Mr. Coquillett's results, especially in the genus Culex, have produced
in our minds a feeling of most profound distrust, and we are not pre-
pared to accept anything that he says without corroboratory evidence .

Genus MOCHLOSTYRAX, new.

Differs from Culex in the structure of the comb of the eighth seg-
ment, which consists of a single row of bars instead of a patch of
scales. We had thought to call this genus Melanoconion Theob.,
but the type species of that genus is atratus Theob., of which the lar-
va has been made known by Dr. Grabham (in Theobald, Mon. Culic,
iii, 238, 1903 and Can. ent., xxxvii, 404, 1905) In neither place is
the structure of the comb accurately stated, but it is said to consist
of "numerous flattened elongate scales bordered with fine setae.' ' It
is clear that no one would so describe a row of bars, and the species
atratus must be referred as a typical Culex of that group that has a
very long slender tube. Type, M. caudelli, new species.

Table of species.

1. Antennae with the tuft at the middle, slight; tube with 15 hair tufts alon^

the posterior line urichii

Antennee with the tuft from a notch beyond the middle 2

2. Air tube over four times as long as wide, slender, scarcely tapered, with

slight terminal setae 3

Air tube not over four times as long as wide, stout at base and taper-
ing, slightly curved forward with two stout hooks at tip 4

3. Bars of comb in a perfectly regular row, body glabrous melanurus

Bars of comb in an irregular row, body pilose erraticus

4. Bars of comb in a curved row; body pilose pilosus

Bars of comb in a straight row; body glabrous 5

5. Comb of sixteen bars caudelli

Comb of only eight bars cubensis

Mochlostyrax urichii Coquillett. Fig. 60.

Melanoconion urichii Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxviii, 61, 1906.

We have the larvae from Mr. Urich from Trinidad, who says:
"Often found associated with Mansonia faci pes and occurring under
the same conditions. Predominating color brown. During life the
similarity of the two larvae is marked.' '

Mochlostyrax melanurus Coquillett.

Culex melanurus Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, x., 193, 1902.
Culex melanurus Dyar, Journ., N. Y, ent. soc, x, 196, 1902.

224 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv

Culex melanurus Dyar, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., v, 143, 1903.
Culex melanurus Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.
Culex melanurus Felt, Bull. 79, X. Y. Sta. Mus., 337, 1904.
Melanoconion melanurus Dyar, Journ. XT. Y. ent. soc. xiii, 28, 1905.
Culex melanurus Smith, N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rep. Mosq., 322, 1905.

Occurs in the northern Atlantic States ; we have it from New Hamp-
shire, New York and New Jersey. The fully grown larva hiber-
nates, which is the only known instance of such a habit.

Mochlostyrax erraticus, new species. Fig. 61.

The larva resembles that of Culex salinarius. The skin is
densely covered with minute spieulae, making it appear pilose. The
air tube is long and straight, about six times as long as wide, has the
pecten small, running to the basal third, followed by five moderate
tufts on the posterior edge and two very short dorsal ones. The lat-
eral comb of the eighth segment has the spines in a rather irregular
row, not in the normal perfectly straight line, yet not doubled. We
have the species from Dr. Dupree, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It was
identified as "Melanconion atratus Theoh." by Mr. Coquillett, but of
course erroneously.

Mochlostyrax pilosus, new species. Fig. 62.

The upper epistomal hair is double, the lower single, the anteanten-
nal tuft of four. Air tube straight along the front side, curved be-
hind, the pecten not reaching one-half, composed of long spines;
eight hair tufts on the posterior edge, the two within the pecten very
long, the others shorter. Comb of the eighth segment of 15 thorn-
shaped scales in a curved row.

The specimens were collected by the junior author in Santa Lucre-
cia, Mexico, in cattle tracks filled with water in the edge of a swamp.
They have the habit of lying on the back at the bottom. The adults
were named "Melanoconion atratus Theob." by Mr. Coquillett.

Mochlostyrax caudelli, new species. Fig. 63.

The upper epistomal tuft has three hairs, lower three, the small
tuft below eight hairs, the anteantennal tuft five hairs. Air tube
straight or slightly concave before, curved behind, with a pair of
hooks at the tip. Pecten very long, not reaching half way along the
tube; seven tufts on the posterior edge, the two within the pecten

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: Larvae of Culicid^. 225

longest, the rest successively shorter ; a single tuft on the side of the
tube. Comb of sixteen bar-like spines in a straight row. Anal seg-
ment with complete chitinous ring, the gills very long, tapered. The
body is without spicules.

Mr. Busck collected the specimens in a rather large pool in a palm
swamp far from civilization at Arima, Trinidad He says : ' ' the larvae
are weakly looking small fellows, which lie on their backs with jaws
upward and open. They feed on very minute animal life (Crusta-
cean) which abounds in these pools ; observed this habit both in nature
and in captivity and bred so few (five specimens) because the rest
died when the Crustaceans gave out.' '

The adults were named " Melanoconion atratus Theob." by Mr.
Coquillett. We have it for Mr. A. N. Caudell, our friend and
co-worker.

Mochlostyrax cubensis, new species. Fig. 64.

The specimens are badly damaged, but enough is left to give the
specific characters. The tube is of the same shape as in caudelli and
had apparently similar hair tufts. Pecten very long, not reaching
half way along the tube. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of
eight bars, stout, well separated, the upper ones smaller.

We have the specimens from Havana, Cuba, from Mr. John R. Tay-
lor as "Melanoconion atratus Theob." the determination made by
Mr. Coquillett, we believe.

Subfamily SABETHINiE.
Table 0} genera .

1. No lateral comb on the eighth segment Joblotia

Lateral comb present on the eighth segment 2

2. Air tube spicular; maxillae heavily armed, raptorial 3

Air tube smooth; maxillae without heavy armature, not raptorial Wyeomyia

3 Head normal, the mouth parts not visible from above Sabethoides

Mandibles and maxilla- visible from above Lesticocampa

Genus JOBLOTIA Blanchard.

Trichoprosopon Theobald (not Trichoprosopus Macquart), Mon. Culic, ii, 283,

1901.
Joblotia Blanchard, Cont. rent. heb. Soc. Biol., liii, 1045, 1901.

Joblotia niveipes Theobald. Fig. 65.

Trichoprosopon niveipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 285, 1901.

226 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Joblotia niveipes, Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 429, 1905.
Toblotia niveipes Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 120, ^05.

Prof. Goeldi has described and figured the larvae from Brazil. He
found them in the water in the leaves of Bromelias, in the axils of ban-
ana leaves and in holes in fallen trees. The species is distributed
throughout the moist tropics. Mr. Busck collected larvae in Trini-
dad from cacao husks and the junior author found them in cocoanut
shells and cacao husks at Puntarenas, Costa Rica, and Sonsonate and
Izalco, Salvador. The water in which they occur is very dirty, of a
thick consistency. The eggs are laid in rafts, erect as in Culex, but
of circular outline, not elliptical. Larvae which were brought home
lived for four months in the laboratory, perhaps delayed in develop-
ment by the absence of their natural rich food.

Genus SABETHOIDES Theobald.

Sabcthoides Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 328, 1903.
Sabclhoides Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 423, 1905.

We are not aquainted with the larva of the typical species of this
genus (confusus Theob.), but use the name on the supposition that
undosus Coq. has been correctly referred generically.

Sabethoides undosus Coquillett. Fig. 66.

Sabethoides undosus Coquillett, Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vii, 186, 1906.

We have the larvae from Mr. Urich in Trinidad, who got them in
bamboo joints in St. Ann's Valley. Mr. Busck also collected them
and observed that they were predaceous, as is obvious from the
structure of the maxillae.

Genus Lesticocampa, new.

Differs from all the other Sabethid larvae by the remarkably de-
veloped mouth parts ; the maxillary palpi are much like the antennae
in size and shape; the maxillae are very large and project twice as
far as the antennae. Type, L. lunata Theob.

Lesticocampa lunata Theobald. Fig. 67.

Wyeomyia lunata Theobald, Mon. Culie., ii, 279, 1901.
Joblotia lunata Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 336, 1903.

Described from Brazil. Our larvae are from Mr. Urich in Trini-
dad . He got them in Arima, in Bromelia water. They are probably

Dec, 1906] Dyar and Knab: LarwE of Culicid^. 227

predaceous on the other larvae living in the Bromelia leaves. The
identification is by Mr. Coquillett; we have no means of cheeking it.

Genus WYEOMYIA Theobald

Wyeomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 267, 1901.
Limatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 349, 1901.

Simondellea Laveran, in Simond, C. rend. heb. Soe. Biol., liv, 11 58, 1902.
Phoniomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 311, 1903.
Dendromyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 313, 1903.

Table of species.

1. Anal processes two, the upper pair aborted 2

Anal processes equally developed 3

2. Tube and plate without basal infuscation smithii

Tube and plate with heavy black basal ring asullepia

3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of six separate teeth durhami

Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many teeth in a long line 4

4. Comb a long row of single teeth, nowhere doubled 5

Comb of teeth in a band, at least in part two rows deep 7

5. Tube with delicate scattered tufts, dark with pale tip grayii

Tube with coarse single hairs, all pale 6

6. Air tube 3^ x 1 ; spines of comb scales shorter than the base . . . .ochrura
Air tube 5x1; spines of comb scales longer than the base . . . .telestica

7. Tube with short spines resembling pecten, 8

Tube without false pecten 9

8. Pecten of the air tube 3 spines preceded by a hair ulocoma

Pecten of the air tube without preceding hair autocratica

9. Tube strongly tapered outwardly; tube and plate without black ring.

longirostris
Tube straight, tapered only near tip; tube and plate with back basal

rjn(r aporonoma

10. Tube and plate with black basal ring; subventral tuft short. . . .aporonoma
Tube and plate without black ring; subventral tuft long hcmisagnosta

Wyeomyia smithii Coquillett. Fig. 68.

Culcx pungcns Smith, (not Wiedemann), in Howard, Mosq., 83-90, 1901.

Smith, Ent. news, xii, 93, 125, 1901.

Aedes fuscus Smith, (not Osten-Sacken),Ent. news xii, 189, 220, 1901.

Aedes smithii Coquillett, Can. ent., xxxiii, 260, 1901.

Aedes smithii Smith, Ent. news, xii, 254, 1901.

Aedes smithii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, ix, 178, 1901.

Aedes smithii Smith, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, x, 10, 1902.

Aedes smithii Dyar, Proc ent. soc. Wash., v, 51, 1902.

Aedes smithii Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 426, 1903.

Verrallina ? smithii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 295., 1903.

228 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

Aides smithii Felt, Bull. 79. X. V. Sta. Mus., 341, 1904.

Anlcs smithii Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 403, 1905.

Wyeomyia smithii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. ent. soc, xiii, 23, 1905.

II yeomyia smithii .Smith, N. J. Agr. exper. sta. Rept. Mosq., 345, 1905.

Wyeomyia smithii .Mitchell, Can. ent., xxxvii, 332, 1905.

The larvae occur in the leaves of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia pur-
purea, wherever that grows. This is its only place of occurrence ; the
record from Bromelia leaves in Florida, made by Mr. Coquillett, is
obviously erroneous. That is some other species which we hope will
be collected again.

Wyeomyia asullepta Theobald. Fig. 69.

Dendromyia asullepta Theobald, Mon., Colic., iii, 315, 1901.
Dendromyia asullepta Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 426, 1905.

Described from Guiana. We have the larvae from Mr. Urich in
Trinidad. The determination seems plausible and we have not re-
jected it.

Wyeomyia durhami Theobald. Fig. 70.

Limatits durhamii Theobald Mon. Culic, ii, 350, 1901.

Simondella curvirostris Laveran, in Simond, C. R. heb. Soc Biol., liv, 1158, 1902.

Aedeomyia curvirostris Neveau-Lemaire, Mem. soc. zool. France, xv, 223, 1902.

Limatus durhami Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 429, 1905.

Limatits durhami Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 122, 1905.

Prof. Goeldi found the larvae in water in the forest, rich in detritus
of leaves and flowers. Mr. Busck got them in Trinidad in a hollow
tree, in a broken cacao shell with Joblotia, in a thick rotten fluid, and
in a broken rotten Calabash-fruit in the forest far from civilization.
Mr. Urich also sent us the species from Trinidad. The junior author
collected them at Sonsonate and Izalco, Salvador; Puntarenas,
Esparta and Port Limon, Costa Rica. They were in cacao husks.
The species is evidently widely spread in the moist tropics.

Wyeomnia grayii Theobald. Fig. 71.

Wyeomyia grayii Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 235, 1901.
Wyeomyia pertur bans Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 424, 1905.

Described from Jamaica. Our larvae were taken by Mr. Busck in
Trinidad, Tobago Island and San Domingo, in a hollow tree, bamboo
stalk and Bromelia leaves. Prof. Blanchard refers the name as a
synonym of A'edes perturbans Williston; but Mr. Coquillett has made

Dec, 1906] DyarandKnab: Larv^; of Cuucid^;. 229

an entirely different identification of perturbans. We accept the
name grayii for our larva tentatively (see remarks under the follow-
ing species).

Wyeomyia ochrura, new species. Fig. 72.

The air tube is pale, with concolorous tip, with coarse single hairs.
Pecten teeth of the comb of the eighth segment simple. Subventral
tuft of the anal segment, large and stellate; lateral hair single. Ab-
dominal hairs tufted. Mr. Busck collected the larva at San Domin-
go, in the leaf stalks of young palms ; it was named " Dendromyia sp."
by Mr. Coquillett. We have it also from Mr. Urich in Trinidad,
named " Phoniomyia longirostris Theob.'' and from Surgeon W.
Campbell in Dominica named "Wyeomyia grayii Theob." What it
would have been named the next time it occurred, we do not know,
as we propose to fix it now by a name of its own.

Wyeomyia ulocoma Theobald. Fig. 73.

Dendromyia ulocoma Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 313, 1903.
Dendromyia ulocoma Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 426, 1905.

Described from Guiana. We have it from Mr. Busck's collecting
in Trinidad and San Domingo. The larvae occurred in the flower
sheaths of wild Canna, where there is very little water and that of a
slimy nature. There is but a narrow space between the sheath and
bud for the larvae to live in. The eggs are laid singly, but in large
numbers in the uppermost, just opening flower. They are elliptical
and black. We have nothing to urge against the determination, nor
in its favor either. The species is evidently a very specialized one.

Wyeomyia longirostris Theobald. Fig. 74.

Wyeomyia longirostris Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 275, 1901.
Wyeomyia trinidadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 277, 1901.
Phoniomyia longirostris Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 311, 1903.
Phoniomyia longirostris Bianchard, Les Moustiques, 425, 1905.

Described from Brazil and recorded from Trinidad. Mr. Busck
got the larva in Tobago Island in the base of a leaf of Bromelia. Mr.
Urich has sent it to us from Trinidad. The air tube is stout, strong-
ly tapered outwardly, pale with single stout feathered hairs. The
anal segment has the subventral tuft short and stellate, the lateral

230 Journal New York Entomological Society, [vol. xiv.

tuft two -haired. Pectenof the eighth segment of very long fringed
teeth. The identification seems plausible and we have therefore
accepted it.

Wyeomyia aporonoma, new species. Fig. 75.

The air tube is pale, straight, tapered only near tip, with scattered
single hairs. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of scales in a broad
band, beginning above in single teeth, then a double row below, the
teeth smaller. Anal segment with the subventral tuft small and stel-
late. Anal plate and tube with a black basal border. Body hairs
fine, stellate.

The junior author got the larvae at Sonsonate and San Salvador,
Salvador; Santa Lucrecia, Mexico; Port Limon, Costa Rica. They
were in cocoanut shells, a hollow in a stump of a banana tree and cacao
shells. The species was named "Dendromyia? qiiasiluteoventralis
Theob.' ' but we have been averse to adopting a name so doubtful.

Wyeomyia telestica, new species. Fig. 76.

The larva is allied to W. ochrura D. & K., described above. It was
sent to us by Mr. Urich from Trinidad, bred from Bromelia water.
The adults were named "Dendromyia quasihdcoventralis Theob."
by Mr. Coquillett.

Wyeomyia autocratica, new species. Fig. 77.

This species is allied to W . longirostris Theob., but differs markedly
in the structure of the tube and comb. The tube bears a false
pecten as in W. ulocoma Theob. but otherwise these larvae are not
much alike. The specimen was received from Mr. Urich in Trinidad,
bred from Bromelia water with the preceding. Mr. Coquillett
did not find the adult different from the foregoing species.

Wyeomyia hemisagnosta, new species. Fig. 78.

Allied to II*. aporonoma D. & K., but entirely without the broad
black margin of the anal plate ; the subdorsal abdominal hairs are
long in twos and threes, while they are short, stellate tufts in aporo-
noma. They were collected by the junior author at Sonsonate, Sal-
vador, in cacao shells, associated with A'edes cyaneus and W . dur-
hami and at Port Limon, Costa Rica.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ztco Wioxli fguttfroxrlogual j^tfrijetij.

Edited by Harrison G. Dvar.

Publishes articles relating to any class of the subkingdom Arthropoda, subject
to the acceptance of the Publication Committee. Original communications in this
field are solicited.

Editorial.

The article which comprises the present issue was first published as-
author's separates on March 14, 1906. The new species described in
it should be credited with that date. It is, perhaps, advisable to
mention that this paper was not " distributed by the Government " as
has been erroneously stated in print (£nt. News, XVII, 181, 1906).

We note the formation of the "Entomological Society of America,"
having been formed at the Philadelphia meeting of the Entomological
Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
This appears to be a new society, not a new name for the Entomolog-
ical Club. We fail to see any necessity for this organization, or any
special purpose in its formation. No place of meeting is mentioned,
and it must either meet in some later selected place, in which case it
will only uselessly compete with the local society there, or meet with
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, to use-
lessly compete with the Entomological Club. No mention of a pub-
lication appears with the prospectus, and we heartily hope none wilt
be attempted. None of the present entomological societies are able
to pay for their publications out of their subscriptions, except " Ento-
mological News," so that a reduction in the number of publishing
societies would seem to be in order, rather than an increase. The
American entomologist is a rather fare species, and the number of

231

232 Journal New York Entomological Society. [v<.i. xiv.

journals he has to purchase, to keep up to date, is already too great.
Unless the Entomological Society of America can absorb one or more
of the existing societies, we think its formation not only useless, but
ill-advised.

A recent article by Mr. Witmer Stone {Science, n. s., xxiv, 560,
1906), brings forward again the question of determining the types of
genera by the first species method. The article favors the method and
is in accordance with our own views. We hope that the International
Zoological Congress will consider this question at its meeting next
summer and, if possible, adopt the principle. A question of nomen-
clature, which we have not seen discussed, and which our codes do
not cover, is the matter of the identification of type species. This is
equally pertinent by the elimination method of fixing types or any
other method. If (by any method) a type is found for a genus, the
question arises as to what that species was. The author may have
mentioned an old species. Is the type of the genus the old species
mentioned, or is it the species the author had before him under that
name, perhaps a very different species, misidentified? There ought
to be a rule to solve such cases.

Book Notice.

Entomology, with Special Reference to its Biological and Economic
Aspects. By Justus Watson Folsom, Sc.D. Philadelphia, P.
Blakiston's Son & Co., 1906.

This book makes a distinct departure from our usual text-books on
entomology, in that classification and taxonomy are reduced to a
minimum, their place being taken by a general account of the struc-
ture and histology of insects, with their habits, adaptations, and the
many interrelations that the subject suggests. It is interesting read-
ing to even advanced students and a mine of information to the
beginner. We commend the work heartily. It should be read in con-
junction with some other work dealing more fully with classification.

Dec, 1906.J Proceedings of the Society. 233

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of May 16, 1905.

{Continued from Vol. XIV, p. 112.)

Mr. Roberts made some remarks on the HaliplicL-e and exhibited his collection
in this family. He stated among other things that this family had been in more or
less confusion for years and no good structural characters had been found to differen-
tiate the species or to separate the males from the females. After considerable inves-
tigation he had noted that there was great variance in the shape and character of the
prosternal process in the different species and also in the males the second and third
joints of the front tarsi were enlarged or flattened and these joints were in some cases
lobed, excavated or tuberculated while in the females these joints were simple. ' He
had found that the shape of the coxal plates was to be depended upon as a good char-
acter in connection with the sexual characters referred to above. He briefly spoke of
the distinguishing characters of several species and discussed their habits.

Mr. Davis exhibited several interesting insects chiefly Orthoptera from the Pine
Barrens of New Jersey among which were : Conocephahis caudellianus Davis taken
in an overgrown cranberry bog and closely resembling C. robustus; Conocephahis
nebrascensis Bruner which is not in Smith's List of New Jersey Insects and, so far as
he was aware, has never been reported east of the Mississippi Valley ; Orchelimum
erythrocephalum Davis which resembles O. vtdgare but having a very red face and
head ; Ophiogomphus joh annus Needham, a dragon-fly, new to the List of New Jer-
sey Insects, collected at Hewitt, N. Y., in June; Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis collected
in Northern New Jersey near Suffern, N. Y. ; Axion tripustulatum, a coccinelid beetle
found at Lakehurst, N. J., on post oaks (Quercus minor) that had been attacked
by the scale insect Kermes pubescens. This scale insect seemed to be also an addition
to the New Jersey List.

Meeting of June 6, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. The Vice-president, C.
W. Leng, presided with seven members present.

On motion of Mr. Watson, Dr. Love was elected to succeed Mr. Brues as a
member of the Publication Committee.

Mr. Joutel stated that he wished to place on record the capture of Merium
proteus Kirby, a longicorn beetle new to New Jersey.

Mr. Groth remarked that he had noticed the copulation of the males of Rhyssa
lunator and atrala with the females before the emergence of the latter from the tree.

Mr. Davis exhibited live specimens of Elaprus ruscarius which had a pro-
nounced stridulation.

Mr. Bueno exhibited a specimen of Ranatra which stridulates with its legs.

Meeting of October 3, 1905.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, with seven members present.
In the absence of the President and Vice-President, Mr. Harris presided.

234 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

The regular order of business was suspended on motion and Mr. Davis proposed
Professor W. M. Wheeler, of the American Museum, as an active member.

Dr. Horn's recent paper on the Cicindelidre in the Deutsche Ent. Zeitung was
discussed by Mr. Harris and Mr. Schaeffer.

Meeting of October 17, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History with twelve members and
three visitors present. Mr. Roberts in the chair.

On motion the Secretary cast one ballot for the election of Professor Wheeler as
an active member of the Society.

Rev. R. E. Brown was proposed by Mr. Groth as a corresponding member.

The President announced that he had accepted the resignation of Mr. Bueno from
the field committee.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a few species of Cicindelidae with the following remarks
on some of the species :

According to Dr. Horn Cicindela viridistica does not occur in our fauna ; the
species standing under this name in our lists is C. arizonensis which was described by
Bates from material collected in southern Arizona by Morrison. The specimen shown
by Mr. Schaeffer was one of Morrison's catch. C. wickhami is very near arizonensis
and viridistica and very likely still stands in some collections as viridistica. A few
specimens of a variety of hemorrhagica seemingly common in southwestern Utah
which comes very close to the variety arizonce as well as a fine series of oregona from
southeastern Utah ranging from brown to dark blue were exhibited ; one of the speci-
mens of the series being very close to Casey's depressnta and another almost Leng's
maricopa. A few specimens of C. obsoleta var. santa clarce were taken in southern
Arizona this year. The typical form is bright green with the middle band and hu-
meral and apical lunules broken up into more or less rounded spots. One of the speci-
mens had the markings entire and connected at the side margin ; another specimen
was one of the purple colored varieties mentioned by Bates under his description of
C. santa claric ; this specimen had the markings typical, but in addition, a small white
line between the middle band and humeral lunule. C. santa clarcc occurs on the
plains near the foothills of the Huachuca Mountains. It is a strong flier and can be
considered rare as only a few specimens were taken. Three specimens of the very
rare Amblychila baroni were exhibited which were captured under large stones in a
somewhat shaded but not moist situation.

Mr Barber read an account of the summer's experience collecting in the Hua-
chuca mountains with Messrs. Beyer and Schaeffer. He gave a description of moun-
tains, climate and people and mentioned the general results of the collecting and
closed with an account of the more common plants and animals found there.

Meeting of November 21, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in
the chair with ten members and three visitors present.

The Librarian, Mr. Schaeffer reported the following additions to the Library :
Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Insekten-biologie, Vol. I, Nos. 5-1 1.

Dec, 1906.] Proceedings of the Society. 235

Museum of the Brooklyn Inst, of Arts and Sciences, Report for 1904.

Entoraol. Bericht. Nederlandscbe Entomologische Ver., 1904, Nos. 19 and
20 ; 1905, Nos. 21-24.

Wiener Ent. Zeit., Vol. XXIV, Nos. 5-10.

Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXVII, No. II.

Aquatic Nematocerus Diptera II ; by O. A. Johannsen, 1905.

1st and 2d Rep't Entomologist of Montana, December, 1903, 1904.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. XLVI, Nos. 179-180.

Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1905, No. 2.

Zool. Record, Vol. XLT, 1904; Insects by Dr. Sharp.

Berliner Entom. Zeitschrift, Vols. XLVII, Nos. 1-4; XLVIII, Nos. 1-4;
XLIX, Nos. 1 and 2 ; XLV, Nos. 3 and 4. .

Bull, de la Soc. Imperiale des Natur., 1904, No. 4.

Verhandl. d. K. K, zool. bot. Gesellschaft Wien, Vol. LV, Nos. 7 and 8.

The Rumford Fund of the American Acad, of Arts and Sciences, 1905.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Ayres, Tome IV, Ser. Ill, 1905.

The Insect world, Gifu, Japan, Vol. IX, Nos. 5-9.

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLI, Nos. 3-7.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXIX, Nos. 1416, 1417, 1419, 1420, I421,

1423, 1424.

Rev. R. E. Brown was elected a corresponding member on motion of Mr.

Joutel.

Mr. Davis proposed Mr. Alfred C. Burrill, 317 West 56th st., as an active

member.

The resignation of Mr. Ludwig Riederer as an active member was accepted with

regret.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a few of the rarer or new species of.Coleoptera taken this
year in the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona, also a new Oncideres from Texas and
Oncideres irroratus taken by Professor Snow in southern Arizona, which is new to
the United States.

Mr. Leng read a paper on ' ' Collecting in the Adirondacks. ' ' He described the
localities in the vicinity of Mt. Marcy and Whiteface, referring especially to the great
accumulation of decayed trees and the deep damp moss found near the summits of
those mountains. He also described the mid-day flight of insects of all orders, but
especially Coleoptera, noticed in July at the rocky top of Whiteface Mountain, the
insects being apparently carried unwillingly to the top by the air currents. Mr. Bar-
ber said that he had observed the same flight at the top of Mt. Katahdin in Maine
and Mrs. Slosson has also noticed the same occurrence on Mt. Washington.

Mr. Leng exhibited a part of the beetles taken, among which a number of north-
ern species were noticeable. The Carabida; were strongly represented and the Coccin-
ellidse were particularly numerous.

Mr. Davis read a paper entitled " Mantispas at Lakehurst, New Jersey." He
stated that both Mantispa brunnea Say and Mantispa interrupta Say have been
reported from New Jersey, but the former species has been considered quite rare.
Recently a number of M. brunnea have been taken from the small oaks at Lakehurst,
N. J., during July and August. A single male of this species was captured on May

236 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

30, 1905, and other specimens have been taken as late as September. But one speci-
men of M. interrupta has been found at Lakehurst which was captured July 30, 1905.

Both of these species of Maniispa seem to be widely distributed in the United
States, particularly M. brunnea, which, according to Hagen, occurs from the Atlan-
tic to the Pacific Ocean.

Mr. Barber made some remarks concerning Pentatoma ligata and exhibited
specimens of this species as well as P. juniperina with which it has often been con-
fused. Among other things he said that this insect had lately come into prominence
as an enemy of the cotton plant in various parts of Northern Mexico as shown in a
recent article in a Bulletin of the Division of Entomology of Washington, where a
full account of its habits, life-history and distribution were given. Mr. Barber also
spoke of the distribution of P. ligata and stated that he has found this species very
abundant in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, where in the gardens it was partial
to Asparagus.

Meeting of December 5, 1905.

Held at American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in the
chair with nine members and one visitor present.

Mr. Dickerson exhibited specimens of Tomicus calographus Lee. with eggs,
larvae and several interesting specimens of their borings beneath the bark of pine
which he had found at Jamesburg, N. J. The specimens of bark borings showed
all of the stages of their work from the formation of the nuptial chamber just after
the entrance of the beetles, the primary and secondary galleries of the adults with
their egg cayities from which the hatched larvae worked out at right angles and at the
end of these larval galleries were seen the pupal chambers. Several coleopterous
enemies of this species were also exhibited.

Mr. Leng exhibited his collection of ATotiophihis which genus he stated was in a
very unsettled state and needed revision, a task which was being undertaken by Mr.
Fall. He noted the well defined characters of certain species and remarked that he
possessed several specimens which did not seem to fit the description of the known
species and were therefore probably new. He remarked upon their habits and spoke
of the difficulties in capturing these insects.

Meeting of December 19, 1905.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in
the chair with eleven members and one visitor in attendance.

On motion of Mr. Leng the secretary cast one ballot in favor of the election of
Mr. Alfred C. Burrill as an active member of the society.

In pursuance of the custom at the last meeting in December the president
appointed as a committee to nominate officers for the coming year the following :
Messrs. Joutel, Watson and Zabriskie.

Mr. Bueno exhibited a collection of aquatic Hemiptera obtained from Costa Rica
and made some remarks on the species contained in the collection.

Mr. Joutel gave an interesting account of some of the results and observations
obtained by him in the investigation of the white ants and spoke of the Protozoan
parasites which infest the intestine.

Dec, 1906.] Proceedings of the Society. 237

Mr. Barber exhibited all of the members of the genus Dendrocoris of the family
Pentatomidre among which was the new species (D. schafferi') described by him from
Brownsville, Texas. He spoke of the distinctive characters of each of the species,
recording their distribution and habits so far as known.

Annual Meeting, January 2, 1906.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in
the chair with ten members and one visitor present.

Mr. Joutel, of the nominating committee, announced that the committee had
decided to make no change in the present officers for the ensuing year. On motion
of Mr. Joutel the secretary cast one ballot in favor of the reelection of the present
officers.

The president appointed the following committees :

Auditing committee, Messrs. Harris, Southwick and Bueno.

Field committee, Messrs. Davis and Engelhardt.

Delegates to Scientific Alliance, Messrs. Roberts, Groth and Wheeler.

Mr. Davis proposed Mr. Ignaz Matausch, 609 Columbus Avenue, City, as an
active member.

Mr. Harris exhibited a box of exotic cicindelas.

Meeting of January 19, 1906.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts in
the chair with thirteen members in attendance.

On motion of Mr. Groth the Secretary cast one ballot for the election of Mr.
Matausch as an active member of the Society.

Mr. Leng exhibited his collection of Nomaretus and made a few remarks con-
cerning some of the species.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a number of interesting beetles, among them Lttdius
peninsularis Champ, from Arizona which he said was overlooked by Dr. Horn in his
paper on the species of this genus. It resembles L. iexanus very much but is distin-
guished principally by the prosternal process being abruptly declivous behind the
coxae. Also was shown a large black species which by the form of the metasternum
is in some way intermediate between the genera Ludius and Orthostethus. Also a
specimen of Cotalpa subscribrata Wickham, lately described, which he had received
a few days ago from Mr. Knaus. Mr. Schaeffer remarked that this species will not
hold good and in his opinion is a coarsely punctate form of Cotalpa lanigera.

Meeting of February 20, 1906.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-President C. W. Leng
in the chair with eleven members and one visitor in attendance.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following exchanges :

Canadian Entomologist, XXXVII, No. 12; XXXVIII, No. I.

Bulletino della Soc. Ent. Italiana, XXXVI, No. 4.

Proc. U. S. Nat'l Mus., Vol. XXIX, No. 1432, pp. 501-515.

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLI, Nos. 14-19 (1906).

238 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Berliner Entom. Zeitschrift, XLIX, Nos. 3 and 4; L, Nos. I and 2.

Mus. Brooklyn Institute, Science Bulletin, Vol. I, No. 7.

35th Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1904.

Revista Mus. Paulista, Vol. VI (1904).

Insect World, Vol. IX, No. 12; Vol. X, No. 1.

Zeitschrift f. Wissentschaftliche Insekten biologie, Vol. I, No. 12; Vol. II,
No. 1.

Mittheilungen d. Schweiz. Ent. Gesellschaft, Vol. XI, No. 3.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Ayres, Ser. III. Tome V.

Entom. Tidskrift, 1905, Nos. 1-4.

Wiener Entom. Zeitung, Vol. XXV, No. I.

Mr. Davis proposed as an active member of the Society Miss Francis J. Thomp-
son, 46 Stuyvesant PI., New Brighton, Staten Is

Mr. Watson proposed Mr. Harvey Mitchell, Westwood, N. J., and Mr. Gay-
land C. Hall, 409 W. 145th St., as active members.

The resignation of Professor W. G. Johnson as an active member was accepted.

Mr. Engelhardt entertained the Society with an interesting account of his collect-
ing trip to southwestern Utah during the summer of 1905 and exhibited a box of the
rarer insects taken by him on the trip.

Mr. Dickerson read a paper on Hyperaspis signata and exhibited a collection of a
long series of this species, showing a number of interesting varieties. He spoke of
the synonymy, and of the structural and color characteristics, habits of the larvae and
adult. He also exhibited specimens of the cottony maple scale upon which the larvae
feed.

Mr. Davis exhibited a Papilio and a small crab spider, the former having fallen
a victim to the poisonous bite of the spider.

Mr. Matausch exhibited a case containing many interesting exotic moths.

Mr. Leng exhibited a box containing a map of the United States upon which
specimens of Cicindela repanda were pinned according to their known geographical
range.

Meeting of March 20, 1906.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History.

President C. H. Roberts in the chair with eleven members present.

On motion of Mr. Southwick, Miss Frances Thompson, Mr. Gayland C. Hall
and Mr. Harvey Mitchell were elected active members of the Society.

Mr. Joutel proposed the name of Mr. E. A. Schwarz as an honorary member of
the Society and upon motion was unanimously elected.

Dr. Zabriskie delivered a talk on the microscopical examination of the external
structure of hemipterous insects of the genera Anasa, Lygceus and Alydus. The address
related chiefly to curious structures which are seen after suitable bleaching and micro-
scopical mounting of dissections of these insects and which are found in the antennae,
mouth parts, legs, pronotum, coxae and wings. Especially noticeable in the antennae
Js a small cup-like, supplementary joint, between the third and fourth joints, thus far
found only in both sexes of Anasa tristis. In the mouth parts attention was directed
to the slender, ornamented labrum ; the form and arrangement of the barbs on the
delicate pair of lancets; the varying form of the tips of the pair of stout lancets and

Dec, 1906] Proceedings of the Society. 239

he two unique, stout, short, conical spines always found in the same relative position
near to and on opposite sides of the cleft and close to the base of the second joint of
the beak, in both sexes of each species under examination. The anterior legs present
a very interesting comb of about thirty spines, of nearly equal length and diameter,
lying in a straight row across the inner side of the apex of the tibiae, apparently useful
for toilet purposes. The pronotum and the regions of the coxae were mentioned
as showing an extraordinarily large size of pore-canals, passing through the thick
chitin, and probably affording means of exudation of secretions. In the description
of the wings the most striking feature was the curious interlocking apparatus. The
fore wing, or hemelytron, has on the under surface at the posterior edge, in the acute
angle of the anal cell or clavus, a prominence and this prominence has a deep pit.
The anterior edge of the pit has a single or multiple comb of depending spines, and
the posterior edge has a projection furnished with apparently fish-scale-like spines, all
provisionally named the ''wing lock." The hind wing has the costal or anterior
edge upturned for a short distance, directly opposed to the "wing lock,"' which up-
turned edge is also furnished with fish-scale-like spines, this upturned edge being
provisionally named the "wing hasp." When the wings are expanded the hasp
slides in the lock and is securely held. When the wings return to a position of rest
the hasp easily slides out of the lock.

The address was illustrated by fifty-six lantern slides, of the speaker's own prepa-
ration, consisting of etchings on sheet gelatine, mounted between two cover glasses of
regulation sized lantern slides, the etchings being tracings of pen sketches through the
camera lucida from microscopical mounts of his own dissections.

Mr. William T. Davis presented some remarks on " Some Interesting Insects
from New Jersey."

Ptynx appeiidiatlatits Fab., an ant-lion, is mentioned from Brazil by Hagen.
Mrs. Slosson captured it in Florida. According to Mr. Nathan Banks it has been
found in North Carolina, and lately in New Jersey. The specimens exhibited both
came from New Jersey. One was captured by Mr. Frank E. Watson at South Lake-
wood on July 11, 1902, and the other was collected on July 30, 1905, at Lakehurst.

Panchlora viridis Burm. is a delicately colored West Indian cockroach collected
by Mr. James Chapin in a house on Staten Island about the first of March. This
species has previously been reported from the vicinity of New York.

CEcanthns pini Beut. The pine tree cricket was originally described from
Windham County, Conn., by Mr. Beutenmuller. The specimens exhibited came
from Lakehurst, N. J., collected in July and September.

The moth Pygarctia abdominalis Grote is recorded from Florida, but the speci-
men shown was beaten from a cedar tree at Lakehurst, N. J., on the twenty-ninth of
May, 1905. The specimen was shown to Professor J. B. Smith and he wrote as fol-
lows : " This is an altogether new locality and a great extension of the range of this
insect. Its capture and the circumstances under which it was taken are well worth
recording."

A specimen of Neci'ophorus puslidatus Hirsch was exhibited which was captured
on Staten Island beneath an eiectric light on July 19, 1905. The species is not men-
tioned in the New Jersey, Washington, or Cincinnati lists of Coleoptera. It is, how-
ever, recorded from the vicinity of Buffalo and Dr. Horn records its distribution from
the New England States to Texas.

240 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Cuterebra buccata Fab. This fly has been reported^'from New Jersey but Mr.
Davis called attention to the beautiful and conspicuous colors of the eyes of a speci-
men taken at Lakehurst, N. J.

Mr. Roberts after urging the importance of a careful study of the structure of
Coleoptera as shown in the antenna', legs and parts of the under surface of the body
and referring to the splendid results obtained therefrom by Dr. Sharp, Mr. Fall and
others, exhibited a few specimens of Dytiscidse and called attention to some of their
peculiarities of structure. A deep round depression or pit in the last abdominal seg-
ment of Ccelambus farctus male, at once distinguishes it from other species. Another
undescribed form, referred to as tuberculiventris had depressions so placed as to leave
a distinct broad, flattened, tubercle on each side of the same segment. With Ccelambus
dispar Lee. [H. dissimilis of G. and H. ) was mixed in most collections, a form
undescribed but which was also readdy separated by differences of the last segment.
C. dispar has a narrow but distinct groove extending perpendicularly nearly its whole
length while the species mixed with it and rather closely resembling it, has the same
segment shallowly and horizontally depressed.

Mr. Roberts showed specimens of Fall's Ccelambus pedalis and C. femoratus and
called attention to their peculiar leg structure. Finally reference was made to the an-
tennal structure of Hydroporus diversicornis, difformis, oblongus and an undescribed
species from the middle west with abnormal antennae which at once separated them
from each other and all other species of the genus.

The separating of two species of Hydroporus from Newfoundland almost identical
in general form, punctuation, color, etc., by differences in the antenna; and front tarsi
was especially interesting.

Specimens of all of the species referred to were shown, both male and female,
but the characters spoken of were almost entirely those of the male.

Meeting of April 3, 1906.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History, Vice-President C. W.
Leng presided with nine members present.

Mr. Davis exhibited two boxes of galls illustrating' the work of gall insects on
the following plants : rose, blackberry, raspberry and Potentilla.

Mr. Davis also exhibited a number of species of Cicadas, among which were
Tettigea hieroglyphica, Cicada tibicen, C. pruinosa and C. canicularis. The three
last-named having for some time been considered as one species but Mr. Davis and
Mr. Joutel consider them three distinct species, basing their conclusions upon^color,
structural and vocal differences.

Meeting of April 17, 1906.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. H. Roberts
in the chair with eleven members and one visitor present.

The librarian reported the receipt of the following exchanges :
Stettiner Entom. Zeitung, Vol. LXVI, Nos. I and 2.
Bulletino della Soc. Entom. Italiana, Vol. XXXVII, No. I.
Insect World, Vol. X, No. 2.
Canad. Entom., Vol. XXXVIII, Nos. 3 and 4.

Dec, 1906.1 Proceedings of the Society. 241

Proc. Araer. Phil. Soc, Vol. XLIV, No. 181.

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLI, Nos. 20-24.

U. S. Dep't. Agric. Division of Entom., Bull. No. 56.

Deleware Agr. Exp. Station Bull., No. 73.

Verhandl. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien.. Vol. LV, Nos. 9 and 10.

Zeitschrift f. Wissenschaftlich Insectenbiologie, Vol. II, No. 2.

Tourn. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist, Vol. XX, Nos. 5, 6 and 7.

North Carolina Dept. of Agric. , Entom. Circular, No. 17.

Proc. U. S. Nat'l Mus. Washington, Vol. XXIX, Nos. 1434, 1438, 1444.

Wiener Entom. Zeitung., XXV, Nos. 2, 3 and 4.

Annales de la Soc. Entomologique de Belgique, Vol. XLIX.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 1 906, No. I.

Deutsche Entom. Zeitschrift, 1906, No. 1.

Mr. Schaeffer made some remarks on Bradycinetus and Bolboceras. In the
Genera Insectorum, Boucamont places Bradycinetus as a subgenus of Athyrens, which
according to his own definition will not hold good. The principal characters separat-
ing the genera in this group are taken from the comparative width of the process separ-
ating the middle coxae. In Athyretis the middle coxae are separated by a process which
is very wide and as long as broad, which is not the case in the species of Bradycinetus
in which the process is always longer than broad and narrower between than behind
the coxae. Bradycinetus is more closely allied to Bolboceras than to Athyreus and
may even prove not to be distinct from the former genus when the 1 29 species of
Bolboceras are carefully examined. A new species from Arizona is in this respect
intermediate, having the process narrower than our other species. Our commom
Bolboceras farctus has the process with a tooth-like elevation and has also the eyes
completely divided (to which Linell has called attention) which makes the erection
of a new genus necessary. Bradycinetus hornii and B. minor have the intermediate
coxse nearly contiguous, the process separating them is very narrow which places
them in the genus Bolboceras. The different forms of the intermediate intercoxal
process in the genera Athyreus, Bradycinetus and Bolboceras were illustrated on the
blackboard and the North American species of the last two genera and also the North
American species of Copris were exhibited. Mr. Barber exhibited a few Hemiptera-
heteroptera from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona and made some remarks concern-
ing the distribution of some of the species. Among them were the following :

Chlorocoris hebetatus, C. subrugosus, C. n. sp. , Hymenarcys crassa, Bodisus
lineolalus, P. marginiventris, Stachyocnemis apicalis, Narnia femorata, JV. pallidi-
comis, A raphe Carolina, A. cicindeloides and Stenomacra marginella.

H. G. Barber,

Secretary.

242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xiv.

Errata et Addenda.

Page 175, line 37, for "crucians'" read crucians.

Page 176, line 7, for "rom," read from.

Page 177, line 20, for " developement, " read development.

Page 178, line 3, from bottom, for " Roder " read Roeder.

Page 181, line 25, insert (not Bellardi) after Blanchard.

Page 182, line 26, for "Graham" read Grabham.

Page 188, line 5, for " DEINOCERITIES," read DEINOCERI-

TES.
Page 189, line 36, for " 20," read 21.
Page 195, line 11, for "short" read long.
Page 196, line 11, for " southermost," read southernmost.
Page 196, line 13, for " Gynomctopa,'''' read Gymnometopa.
Page 196, line 17, for "fasiatus" read fasciatus and insert (not

deVillers).
Page 198, after line 23, insert ? Culcx bracteatus Coquillett, Proc.

ent. soc. Wash, vii, 184, 1906.
Page 198, line 20, for " Mexico" read Guatemala.
Page 200, after line 5, insert Culcx varipalpus Blaisdell, Ent. News,

xvii, 107, 1906.
Page 201, line 2, insert (not Walker) after Dyar.
Page 201, after line 15, insert Culex sylvicola Grosbeck, Can. ent.

xxxviii, 129, 1906.
Page 202, after line 26, insert Culex lativittatus Coquillett, Ent. News,

xvii, 109, 1906.
Page 202, line 35, for " 1905 " read 1805.
Page 202, line 36, for " 1805 " read 1905.
Page 210, line 15, for " Wyeomia " read Wyeomyia.
Page 211, line 13, for " pipe m s " read pipiens.
Page 212, line 5, for "cocoa," read cacao.
Page 213, line 7, 8, for Barbadoes, read Barbados.
Page 220, last line, for " four " read fours.
Page 222, line 2, for Uyeowia, read Wyeomyia.
Page 222, line 27, for " divisior" read divisor.
Page 225 and 226, for " niveipes" read nivipes.
Page 225, line 13, insert " named " after have.
Page 227, line 28, 29, dele " tube and plate with back basal ring "

and for " aporo/ioma" read 10.
Page 228, line 31, for " Wyeomnia'1'' read Wyeomyia.

I

NDEX

To the Generic and Specific Names of
Arthropoda in

Volume XIV.

Generic names begin with a capital, specific ones with a small initial.

abdominalis, 239

abfitchii, 1 10, 193

abnormis, 46

abserratus, 194

absobrinus, 204

Acanthoclontia, 145

Acanthops, 143

accessa, 25

achaia, 120

Acoloithus, 119

Acontista, 143

acnea, 123

Acridium, 155

Acryidium, 149

adnata, 120

adspersicollis, 139

Aedes, 167, 188

peneo-oculata, 155

aestivalis, 201

rethiops, 114

Agamopsyche, 1 12

alascensis, 121

albalis, 82

albescens, 124

albida, 123

albimanus, 176

albipes, 59, 175

albisinuatella, 101

albonofata, 196

Aldrichia, 173

alensa, 26

allionealis, 80

Allotettix, 146

Alydus, 238

Alypia, 125

amazonicum, 76

Ambia, 89, 90

ambigua, 124, 125

Amblychila, 6, 234

Amblytropidia, 148

Ameria, 1 19

americana, 119, 121, 141, 156

Amorphopus, 145

ampla, 118

amyntor, 54

Anaplecta, 138

Anasa, 238

Anatolmis, 119

Anaulacomera, 157

angulatalis, 94

angustatum, 157

angustiorata, 128

anna, 120

annulatus, 203

annulicornis, 165

Anomala, 1, 56

Anopheles, 58, 168, 173, 174

Antarctia, 123, 124

antennata, 1

antennatus, 145

antillarum, 157

antonio, 16

Anurogryllus, 163

Anydraula, 90

Aphonus, 165

apicalis, 241

Apithes, 165

aporonoma, 230

appendiculatus, 239

approximata, 122

Arachnis, 124

Araeocerus, 1 16

Araphe, 241

arcasaria, 1 3 1

Archimandrita, 142

arcifera, 32

Arctia, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124

arge, 120, 212

argentata, 7, 123

argyrotarsis, 175

argentinus, 46, 49

arizonre, 234

arizonata, 130

arizonensis, 234

243

244

Journal New York Entomological Society,

Arnilia, 151, 153
arribalzagre, 74
Arribalzagia, 175
assimilans, 124
assimilis, 1 63
asullepta, 228
Athureus, 241
atlanticus, 198
atrata, 233
atratus, IIO, 220
atripennis, 118
atrispinosus, 159
atropalpus, IQ2
atropicta, 107
Atrytone, 50
aurantiaca, 118
aurantiacaria, 130
aurifer, 109, 193
aurivitta, 119
auroides, 109, 197
ausonius, 125
australasia;, 141
australis, 1 19
autholea, 120, 121
autocratica, 230
avernalis, 94
avirida, 10
Axion, 233
aztecus, 163

Bacteria, 144
badiusalis, 82
bahamensis, 2IO
barbarus, 210
barberi, 177
barbirostris, 168
baroni, 234
basalis, 105
belse, 1 18
belfragei, 7, 118
bella, 117
bergi, 45
bicordata, 157
bicolor, 119
bifascialis, 91
biforma, 21
bigotii, 180
bimaculata, 1 18
bimaculatus, 191
binotata, 2, 56, 140
biplagalis, 105
bisulcatus, 208
biundulata, 24
bivittatum, 154
Blabera, 142
blakei, 120, 122
Blatta, 139, 141
Bliastes, 160

bolanderi, 120
Bolboceras, 241
Bomolocha, 29
borealis, 101
boscii, 180
Botys, 98
Brachiomyia, 188
Brachiosoma, 188
Bradycinetus, 241
brevis, 14 1
brevoorti, 55
brillians, 118
brisilis, 158
brunnea, 235, 236
brunnildalis, 91
Bryophila. 10
buccata, 240
budens, 124
bufalis, 98
burmeisteri, 48
busckii, 192
Byssophaga, 118

cadaverosa, 119
ccecalis, ioi
crespitis, 121
caja, 121

California;, 120, 123
califomica, 18, 123, 125
caliginosalis, ioi
calligraphus, 76
Callimorpha, 119, 122, 123
calographus, 236
calopus, 196
camina, 28
campestris, 7
canadensis, "55 ,"200
cancer, 188
Candida, II, 119
canicularis, 240
cannalis, 96
cantans, Ilo, 164, 202
canlator, 200
caracanensis, 48
carcinophilus, 220
carinifrons, 4
Caripeta, 128
carmodyre, 2IO
Carolina, 241
carya;, 124
casta, 119
catalina, 29
castanea, 143
Catoclysta, 90
caudellianus, 233
caudelli, 224
cavifrons, 4
cayennensis, 143

Index.

245

Cayuga, 31

celeripes, 7

celia, 121, 123

Cellia, 175

centralis, 2

centuriella, 101

cephalica, 1 19

Ceratocystia, 183

Ceratomia, 54

Ceroys, 145

cervinaria, 130

cervinoides, 122

chalybeus, 55

Charadra, IO

chicorii, 124

chipmani, 146, 149, 1 54, 158

Chironomus, 76

Chlorocoris, 241

choriona, 1 18

Chorisoneura, 139

Christy a, 175

Chrysendenton, 90

Chrysoconops, 75

Cicada, 240

cichorii, 121

Cicindela, 7, 56, 234, 238

cicindeloides, 241

ciliata, 180, 198

cilipes, 179

cincta, 2

cinereoborealis, 191

cinereomedia, 103

circe, 120

Cirrophanus, 13

Cisthene, 118

claromonta, II

claudialis, 92

Clemensia, 1 1 7, 1 19

clio, 123

Clonistria, 144

clymene, 119

coatzacoalcos, 186

Coelambus, 240

coelestis, 156

Coelodiazesis, 177

collaris, 123, 124

coloradella, 108

Colpocephalum, 47

columbina, 156

complicata, 123

concava, 38

Conchyliastes, 181

confinis, 122, 167, 182, 183

confirmatus, 73, no, 123

confusa, 123

confusalis, 94

Conocephalus, 161, 233

conservator, 221

consobrinus, 204
conspersa, 139
conspicua, 122
conspirator, 217
constans, 2, 1 19
constricta, 24
conterrens, 180
contigua, 122
continentalis, 187
Copidryas, 133
Copiocera, 152, 155
Copris, 241
coquilletti, 187
Coquillettidia, 184
coracina, 1 18
Cornops, 152, 154
coronator, 215
coronatus, 158
Cosmema, 6
Cosmosoma, 1 18
costata, 118
costinotata, 131

cosyra, 133

Cotalpa, 237

Crambidia, 1 17

crassa, 241

crepitans, 44

crescina, 17

cretacealis, 80

cribrosa, 140

criminosa, 1 29

croceipennis, 138

Crocota, 118

cronialis, 95

crucians, 177

Ctenoblephia, 157

Ctnucha, 1 18

cubensis, 143, 163, 175, 214, 225

Culex, 57, TIO, 173, 182, 205

Culicada, 188

Culicella, 204

Culicelsa, 188

Culiseta, 109, 202

cunea, 123, 124

Curculio, 114

curriei, 202

cursitans, 7

curviferalis, 82

curvirostris, 228
Cuterebra, 240
cyaneus, 202
Cychrus, 55
Cyclolepidopteron, 17
Cycloleppteron, 174
Cydosia, 1 19
cylindrodes, 153
Cylindrotettix, 1 5 1, 153
Cyrtacanthacris, 156

246

Journal New York Entomological Society,

Cyrlophyllus, 36
Cyrtoxiphus, 164

Dahana, Il8
dahurica, I 21
damnosus, 1 98
daumaslurus, 220
decia, 120
declarator, 21 1
decorata, 120, 121, 122,
decorator, 218
Deinocerites, 188
Deinokerides, 188
delpliusa, 102
Dendrocoris 237
Dendromyia, 227
dentilinea, 85
depressuta. 234
deridens, IO
derivator, 216
determinata, 122
detesta, II
Diathrausta, 97
didactylus, 162
Didasys, 1 18
difformis, 240
diluta, 144
dimidiata, 119
Dinocerites, 188
Diophanes, 160
discolor, 183
discreta, 118
dispar, 79, 240
dissimilis, 240
diversicornis, 240
divisor, 222
Dixa, 167
dobla, 19

docta, 120, 121, 122
dormitans, 9
drumalis, 92
dubia, 124
dunedensis, 7
dupreei, 195
durhami, 75, 228
dux, 150
dyari, 204

eavesii, 121
Ecculex, 188
echo, 124
Ecpantheria, 124
Ectatoderus, 163
Ectecous, 164
educator, 217
Edwardsia, 118
edwardsii, 19, 117, 124
egle, 123

eglenensis, 124
eiseni, 177
ekthlipsis, 88
Elaprus, 233
elegans, 7, 123
elevator, 217
elongata, 121
elongatus, 40
Elophila, 90
Emydia, 1 18
englei, 107
Epicallia, 1 19
Epilampra, 140
epimenis, 117
Epipomponia, 1 1 1
Epipyrops, III
equinus, 195
Eriopyga, 12
Erirhinus, 114
erosa, 23
errata, 150
erraticus, 224
Erycus, 113
erythrocephalum, 233
erythrogastra, 155
euceros, 155
Eucbretes, 123, 124
Eucosma, 108
Eudorea, 99

Eudryas, 1 18

Euerythra, 124

Euhalesidota, 125

Eumastax, 148

Eupanychis, 28

Euphanessa, 1 19

euplocamus, 199

Euprepia, 119, 121, 122

Eurymetopus, 45

Euryoda, 6

Eurythmia, 108

Euxoa, 11

excelsa, 122

Exocephala, 161

expallidalis, ici

extricator, 21 1

factor, 212
falsarius, 1 19
farctus, 240, 241
fasciata, 17, 57
fasciatus, 196
fasciolatus, 60
fascicularis, 1 16
fascipes, 185
fatigans, 57, 214
faulalis, 87
faustinula, 1 18
Fel'idia, 181

Index.

247

femorata, 241
femoratus, 240
fernaldalis, 105
ferricasta, 22
ferruginosa, 1 18
festucre, 115
figurata, 121, 122, 123
filiformis, 153
fitchii, no, 199
flammea, 122
flavidenta, 20
flavilla, 2
flavipennis, 2, 56
floridensis, 42
foeminalis, 80
Forficelisa, 138
Forficula, 138
formosalis, 87
f-pallida, 123
franciscanus, 176
frater, 161
frigidella, 101
fucosa, 119
fulgens, 119
fulicalis, 94
fuliginosa, 123
fulvicollis, 117
fulvicosta, 123
fulva, 121
fulvus, 75
funerea, 119
furcata, 157
furcatus, 41
furciferata, 131
fusca, 118, 142
fuscus, 194, 227

gelida, 120, 123
gelliasalis, 99
geneura, 122
genuialis, 87
genuinalis, 87
geometrica, 121, 124, 187
Geshna, 95
gigantea, 142
glendella, 30
Gnophsela, 1 18
godmani, 143
Goniocotes, 46
Goniodes, 45
grabhamii, 176
Grabhamia, 188
gracillima, 154
gracilis, 153, 145
Grassia, 174
gravitator, 218
grayii, 222, 228
grossbecki, 201

Gryllotalpa, 122

Gryllus, 144, 155, 157, 161, 163

guttata, 119

guttatus, 161

guttulata, 158

guinensis, 47

gundlachi, 164

Gymnometopa, 188

gyralis, 83, 85

habanicus, 198
habilitator, 212
Haemagogus, 58, 188
Hasmatomydium, 76
haemorrhagica 234
Halesidota, 118, 123, 125
Harrisina, 1 18, 1 19
barrisii, 1 18
hebetatus, 24]
heiligbrodtii, 131
heliopalis, 93
Heliothis, 15, 28
helmsi, 7

hemisagnosta, 230
hemisurus, 199
Henia, 152
Heterolocha, 131
Heleropsyche, 112
Heteropus, 162
hexadactyla, 162
hieroglyphica, 240
histrinus, 145
histrio, 162
holoprasinus, 76
hopfferi, 118
hornii, 241
Howardia, 174
howardii, 180
Howardina, 188
hutsoni, 28
hybrida, 7
Hydreutis, 78
Hydrocampa, 78
Hydroporus, 240
Hygraula, 78
Hymenarcys, 241
Hyperaspis, 238
hypericifolia, 39
Hyphantria, 123, 1 24
Hypoprepia, 1 19

Ianthinosoma, 181
icciusalis, 87
icelus, 125
illustra, 26
incarnata, 1 20, 1 21
incidens, 202

248

Journal New York Entomological Society.

inconspicuus, 199

incorrupta, 122

infine, 182

infirmatus, 197

infuscata, 139

ingenua, 10

ingens, 124

inhibitator, 126

inimitabilis, 221

inquisitor, 21 1

innuba, 2

innuka, 56

insolita, 202

insularis, 137, 150, 153, 160, 163, 120,

120, 122
intermedins, 41 1
interrogator, 209
interrupta, 235
interruptomarginata, 1 19
investigator, 216
Inusia, 151, 154
imitator, 221
imitella, 119
immaculatus, 164
imperfecta, 147
impiger, 193, 201
Immyrla, 107
ipomoeae, 118
irrorata, 119
irroratus, 235
isabella, 123
Ischnoptera, 139
itealis, 80

jamaicensis, 167, 183
janitor, no, 209
Janthinosoma, 158, 1 10, 81
Joblotia, 225
johannus, 233
johnstonii, tio
juncealis, 89.
juniperina, 236

kearfottalis, 92
kelloggii, 219
Kermes, 233
knabi, 203
Kodiosoma, 121

Labia, 136, 137, 138
lactator, 209
lactea, 119
Lsemobothrium, 48
lseta, 118
lamentator, 219
lamialis, 93
latior, 158
lanceolatum, 158

lanigera, 237
Lantidia, 143
laternaria, 202
laticauda, 157
latipennis, 123
latisquamma, 222
laurifolia, 158
Laverania, 175
lazarensis, 202
Lea, 42

lecontei, 119, 122, 123
leonardi, 55
Lepidoplatys, 188
lepidula, 10
Leptarctia, 119, 123
Leptina, 9
Leptysma, 151, 152
Leptysmina, 151
Lesticocampa, 226
Leucarctia, 123, 124
Leucogephyra, 90
Leucopraea, 141
levitans, 8
libella, 105
ligata, 236
Limatus, 58, 227
limbatipennis, 154
linearis, 144
lineolatus, 241
Lipeurus, 45
Liphoplus, 164
Lithosia, 119
Liturgossa, 143
Locusta, 37, 157, 158
longiceps, 144
longiforcipata, 138
longipes, 59
longirostris, 229
longissima, 138
Lophomyia, 175
lowii, 8, 1 10, 186
Ludius, 237
ludovicana, 3
luezattii, 35
lugubralis, 104
lunata, 13, 226
lunator, 233
lurida, 2
lutalba, 29
lutealis, 99
luteipennis, 3, 56
Lutzia, 180
Lycomorpha, 119
Lygaeus, 238

maceullochii, 125
macroptica, 21
maculalis, 79

Index.

249

maculata, 124
maculipennis, 67, 177
maculipes, 176
maculosa, 120
magniticalis, 93
magnipennis, 204
makilosus, 161
Mamestra, 1 1
manataaqua, 50
mandibularis, 55
Mansonia, 184
Mantis, 144
mantispa, 162
Mantispa, 235
marginella, 158, 241
marginiventris, 241
mariae, 30
maricopa, 234
marmorata, 142
marteni, 1 19
martialis, 153
masculinalis, 80
Mastusia, 152
mathewi, 117
medicinalis, 92
mediopunctatus, 176
mediovittata, 196
megarena, 27
Megarhinus, 58, 178
Melanoconion, no, 205
melanurus, 223
Melicleptria, 16
mendica, 119
Menopon, 49

meridionalis, 141, 150, 195
Merium, 233
Meroncidius, 159
metallica, 119
mexicana, 140, 181
michabo, 1 21, 122
Microcentrum, 39, 157
Micronotus, 146
microsquammosus, no, 219
miniata, 1 19
minima, 152
minor, 124
minualis, 97
minuscula, 117
minuta, 4
Miogryllus, 163
Mioynx, 143
Mircaedes, 205
miichellae, 197
mixta, 125
Mochlostyrax, 223
modesta, 7, 121, 137
modestum, 159
molestus, 180

montana, 122
montcalmi, 194
monteclara, 10
morio, 113
mortificator, 210
multicolor, 143
muneralis, 101
musica, 58, 181
Musonia, 143
mutator, 216
muticus, 163
Myelois, 30
mysteca, 139
Myzomyia, 174
Myzorhynchus, 175

nahua, 139
nais, 120, 121, 122
Narnia, 241
nebrascensis, 233
nebulosalis, 86
Necrophorus, 239
Nemeophila, 12 1, 124
Nemobius, 163
Neoculex, 205
Neoterpes, 131
nevadensis, 020
nexa, 1 18
niger, 121
nigricans, 118
nigrilimbatus, 161
nigripes 193, 203
nigritulus, 212
nigrovittella, 108
ninguidalis, 101
nivalis, 124
nivea, 7
niveicosta, 15
niveipes, 225
nivipes, 75
nivitarsis, 200
Nocloa, 13
Noctua, 10
Nola, 117
Nomarctus, 237
nominatalis, 104
nominatella, 104
nomophilalis, 84
normalis, 102
notabilis, 145
Notaris, 1 13
notata, 139
Notiophilus, 236'
Notonecta, 55
novellata, 130
Nyctobora, 140
Nymphseella, 78-
Nymphula, 78

250 Journal New York Entomological Society

Nyssorhynchus, 175

obispalis, 106
obliteralis, 83
obliterata, 121
oblongus, 240
obscura, 7, 118
obscuralis, 81, 83
obsoleta, 234
obtusus, 161
Ochlerotatus, 188
ochracea, 120, 122
ochreipennis, 31
ochrura, 229
octomaculatis, 98
oculata, 21
Odontochila, 6
GEcanthus, 164, 239
Oligostigma, 88
olivacea, 22
OIlia, 31
omphale, 118
Omus, 6
< 'ncideres, 235
opella, 1 18
Ophiogomphus, 233
Opistheideicta, 89
Opsomala, 153
opulenta, 122
Orchelimum, 233
oregona, 234
oregonensis, 123
ornata, 120
ornatrix, 117
Orphula, 149
Orphullela, 149
Orthodes, 12
Orthostethus, 237
Osmilia, 156
ostenta, 118
Oxybleptella, 151
Oxyops, 144

Palaeopsyche, 112

pacalis, 87
pallens, 156
pallicincta, 24
pallida, 117, 121, 124
pallidicornis, 241
palloralis, 106
palmerii, 119
Panchlora, 239, 142
Panoplites, 17, 184
Papilio, 238
Paracornops, 152
Paracyrotophyllus, 34
paraense, 76
parallela, 138

Paraponyx, 78

Parastagmatoptera, 144

parthenos, 119

parvula, 1, 5

parvella, 31

Paurotarsus, 148

pectinicornis, n

Pectinigera, 31

pedalis, 240

penetrans, 68

peninsularis, 3, 237

Pentatoma, 236

penumbralis, 103

Periplaneta, 141

Perkinsella, in

perlevis, 124

permaculata, 124

persephone, 120, 122, 123

perterrens, 180

perturbans, 183, 184, 222, 228

perspicillatus, 32, 38, 160

peruana, 142

petrosa, 124

Peucestes, 158

phalerata, 120, 121, 122

phasma, 124

Philophyllia, 158

pbilosophicus, 195

Phlugis, 162

pholus, 119

Phoniomyia, 227

Phoraspis, 140

Phragmatobia, 123, 124

Phryganidia, 125

phyllira, 121

Phyllodromia, 139

Phylloptera, 157, 158

picicolana, 108

picta, 124

pictipennis, 138
pilatei, 7

Piletocera, 98
pilosus, 224
pimella, 31
pincbinchre, 161
pini, 239
pipiens, 21 }
pisusalis, 98
pitychrous, 1 1
plagiata, 13

placentia, 121, 122, 123
Plagioptera, 157
plantaginis, 121
Platarctia, 119
Platynus, 55
Platyphyllum, 159
plebja, 148
plenilinealis, 80

Index.

251

pleuristriatus, 209
plumbea, 118
Pneumaculex, 184
Podisus, 241
poeyi, 142
polingella, 31
polychalca, 2
portoricensis, 76, 178
Poujadia, 31
prrecaria, 144
pretans, 201
proclamator, 211
primordialis, 97
Prionolopha, 150
proba, 124
propinquum,l6l
proprialis, 83
proteus, 233
Protoculex, 188
pruinosa, 240
Pseudobacteria, 144
Pseudoculex, 188
Pseudophyllodromia, 140
pseudopunctipennis, 77
Psorophora, 58, 179, 198
Psychomorpha, 1 17
Plerostichus, 55
Ptynx, 239
pubescens, 233
pulcherrima, 122
pulchripennis, 16
pullatus, 201
punctata, 123, 149
punctatissimus, 55
puncticollis, 113, 114
punctipennis, 176
punctor, 194
pungens, 227
pura, 125
purpurea, 7
pusillus, 163
pustulatus, 239
Pycnochila, 6
Pycnopalpa, 157
Pygarctia, 239
pygmsea, 182
Pygoctnucha, 118, 119
Pyretophorus, 174
Pyromorpha, 1 19
Pyrrharctia, 123

quadratella, IOI
quadriguttata, 7
quadripunctatus, 55
quadriundulatus, 146
quasiluteoventralis, 230
quaylei, 202
quenselli, 121
quinaria, 118

radians, 122
Ranatra, 233
reconditalis, 97
rectilinea, 100, 120, 122
refugalis, 100
regulator, 213
rejector, 221
repanda, 56, 238
restrictor, 222
restuans, 208
reversa, 119, 123
Rhipipteryx, 162
rhizotrogoides, 5
Rhombonyx, 56
Rhyssa, 233
ritsemse, 7
rivularia, 162
rivulosa, 14, 25, 121
robustus, 35, 233
rosaceus, 161
rosea, 16
roseata, 1 24
roseipennis, 143
roseitincta, 21
rossi, 173
Rossia, 174
rubicunda, 144
rubicundaria, 1 18
rubifera, II
rubra, 124
rubricosa, 1 24
rufula, 123
rugosus, 148
rupinsulensis, 233
ruscarius, 233
rutila, 178

saccharicida, m
Sabethes, 58
Sabethoides, 226
Sabulodes, 130
sabulosa, 16
ssetigera, 7
Salebria, 107
salinarius, 212
salvifolium, 161
sanguinaria, 118
santa clara;, 234
sanguinipes, 155
sapphirina, 8, 187
Sarcopsylla, 68
saundersii, 120
sayi, 181
Scapteriscus, 162
Scepsis, 117
schaefferalis, 95
schaefferi, 237
Schinia, 21
Schistocerca, 156

252

Journal New York Entomological Society.

scholasticus, 182
schwarzalis, 103
Scoparia, 99
scribonia, 124
seductaria, 128
secutor, no, 182, 209, 219
Seirarctia, 123, 124
semiclara, 124
semilivida, 4, 56
seminealis, 89
seminivella, 79
Semyra, 30
separata, 26
separatus, 58, 76
serratus, 198, 191
sexata, 17
sexplagiata, 24
sexguttata, 7
Sicya, 131
signa'a, 238
signifer, 185
significans, 125
signipennis, 183
silens, 165
Simondella, 227
simplex, 120, 122
simulatrix, 156
simulator, 218
Simulium, 76, 167
siphonalis, 193, 199
Sitalces, 155
slossonalis, 93
smithii, 58, 167, 227
smithsonianus, 1 18
snoviaria, 131
snowi, 122
sobrina, 123
socialis, 9, 1 10, 187
sollicitana, 197
soluta, 7
speciosa, 117
speciossima, 120
Spilosoma, 123
Sphingicampa, 131
Spongiphora, 138
spraguei, 124
squamiger, 201
Stachyocnemis, 241
Stagmatoptera, 144
Stegomyia, 57, 188
stena, 15
Stenia, 98
Steniodes, 99
Stenomacra, 241
Stenopola, 152, 154
stercoralis, 98
Stethomyia, 174
Stilnochora, 158

stimulans, 1 10
stollii, 142
Stomoxys, 61
strationata, 81
striatalis, 90
stretchii, 120, 122
strigalis, 104
strigosa, 122
stygia, 140
Stylopigia, 141
subatra, 18
subcantans, no, 202
subscribrata, 237
subjecta, 118
subrugosus, 241
subspurcata, 143
sueta, 18
suftusa, 125
sulphurata, 131
superba, 120
surinamensis, 141
surinamus, 143
sylvestris, 194
Synclita, 78
Syntomeida, 118

Taeniorhynchus, 58, 182, 184,

taeniorhynchus, 198

tarsalis, 219

taurus, 45

tedyuscongalis, 89

telestica, 230

tenuifascia, 1 18

territans, 73, 217

tertia, 27

tessellata, 124

tesellata, 144

Tetracha, 8

Tetrataenia, 152

Tettigea, 240

Tettigidea, 147

Tettix, 145, 146

texanus, 237

textor, 123

Thalpochares, 28

Thanaos, 125

Theobaldia, 202

Theobaldinella, 203

Thespis, 143

thoraciea, 157

Thymelicus, 50

Thyreion, 15

Thysdrus, 162

tibialis, 5

tibicen, 240

Tinolestes, 205

Tipula, 167

Tithrone, 143

Index.

253

titillans, 17, 184

tobia, 24

Tomicus, 236

tormentor, 191

torniplagalis, 106

Trechus, 55

trichurus, 191

tricolor, 121

tricoloralis, 105

Trichoprosopon, 58, 25S

Tridactylus, 162

tri fascia, 26

trigona, 118

trimaculata, 124

trinidadensis, 229

trinitatis, 136, 147, 148, 155, 763

triolata, 18

Triprocris, 1 18, 119

tripustulatum 233

triseriatus, 195

trisignata, 7

tristis, 238

trivittatus, 109, 197

Tropidacris, 150

truxaliata, 130

tuberculiventris, 240

turkhudi, 168.

undosus, 226
ulocoma, 229
umbrata, 1 1 9
unicolor, 56, 1 19
unifascia, 118
unio, 118
unipuncta, 144
unipunctata, 7
Uranotrenia, 8, 1 IO, 186
urichii, 223
Ursogastra, 12
Utetheisa, 117

varipalpus, 200, 221

varipes, 181
vector, 220
vermiculata, 118
Verrallina, 188
verticalis, 163
vestal is, 123
Vilerna, 155
villosa, 18
violaceous, 1 57> *79
virens, 162
virescens, 142
virginalis, 119
virginica, 123
virgo, 120, 122
virguncula, 120, 122
viridis, 142, 161, 239
viridisticta, 234
vitrepennis, 144
vittatalis, 89
vittata, 203
vittatus, 164
vivida, 124
vulgare 233
vulgaris, 56

walkeri, 192
walsinghami, 27
wickhami, 234
williamsii, 121
wrightii, 1 17
Wyeomyia, 58, 167, 227
wyomingensis, 115
Xiphidium, 161
Xiphocera, 155

yarrowi, 119
yavaprella, 108

zetterstedti, 157
zimmermanni, 38
zonalis, 124
Zophodia, 31

Joum. N. V. Ent. Sot

Vol. XIV. PL I.

6

8

North American Orthoptera.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PI. II.

South American Mallophaga.

Jonrn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PL in.

<*,

\ Mw»*

V

V

cT

/3

1

Genitalia of the genus Thanaos.

Journ. X. Y. lint. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PI. IV

i. Janthinosoma infine D. & K.

3- /■ pvgmaea Theo.

4. Aedes tormentor D. & K.

2. J. scholasticus Theo.

5. .4. walkeri Theo.

6. A. busckii Coq.

Journ. X Y. Ent Si

Vol. XIV. Pi V

-. Aedes meridionals D. & K.
9. ,4. albonotata Coq.
11. A. mediovittata Coq.

8. .4. plulosophicus D. & K.
10. ,4. calopus Meig.
12. A. infirmatus D. & K.

Jo urn- N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PI. VI

13. Aedes damnosus Say.
15. A. atlanticus I). & K.
1 7. A. laternaria Coif.

14. A. habanicus D. & K.
16. .4. enplocamus D. & K.
1 S .4. cyaneus !■ ab.

fourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PI. VII.

19. Aedes knabi Coq.
21. Culex bisulcatus Coq.
23. C. lactator D. & K.

20. A. insolita Coq.

22. C. pleuristriatus Theo.

24. C. interrogator D. & K.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PL VIII.

25. Culex barbarui D. & K.
i~. C. mortificator D. & K.
it). C. extricator D. & K.

26. C. bahamensis D. & K.
28. C. carmodycc D. & K.
30. C. declarator D. & K.

J own. A*. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. Pi IX.

31. Culex proclamaicr D. & K.
33. C. habilitator D. & K.
35. C. regulator D. & K.

32. C. inquisitor D. & K.
34. C. factor D. & K.
36. C. pipiens Linn.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PI. X

37. Culex cubensis Big.
39. C. derivator D. & K.
41 C. inhibitator D. & K.

38. C. coronator D. & K.
40. C. investigator D. & K.
42. C. mutator D. & K.

Journ. N. Y. Soc Ent.

Vol. XIV. PI XL

F. K N A Es

43. Culex elevator D. & K.
45. C. conspirator D. & K.
47. C. gravitator D. & K.

44. C. educator D. & K.
46. C. simulator D. & K.
48. C. decorator D & K.

founi. N. Y. Ent. Soc .

Vol XIV. PI. XII

49. Culex secutor Theo.

51. C. carcinophilus D. & K.

53. C. vector D. & K.

50. C. lameniator D. & K.
52. C. dawmasturus D. & K.
54. C. rejector D. & K.

Journ. N . Y. Ent. St

Vol. XIV. PI. XIII.

F.KNAB

55. Culcx inimitabilis D. & K.
57. C. restrictor D. & K.
59. C. divisor D. & K.

56. C. conservator D. & K.

58. C. latisquamma Coq.

60. Mochlosfyrax urichii Coq.

Journ. N. Y . Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIV. PL XIV.

61. Mochlosiyrax crraticus D. & K.
63. M. caudelli D. & K.
65. Joblotia nncipes Theob

62. M. pilosus D. & K.
64. M. cu ben six D. & K.
66. Sabethoides undosus Cog.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc

Vol. XIV PI XV

67. Lesticocampa lunata Theo.
69. II*. asullepta Theo,
71. W. grayii Theo.

68. Wyeomyia smithii Coq.

70. II . (In i ha in i Theo.
72. II '. ochrura D. & K.

Vol. XIV. PL XVI

73. Wyeomyia ulocoma The
75 II . aporonoma D. & K.
77. It', aiitocratica D. & K.

74. W. longirostris Theo.
76. W. telestica D. & K.
78. II". hemisagnosta D. & K

ETZ .AM

PLATE II

ft. N. Stretch. de/£.

HETER AM

ff.HStretch

HETER.AM.

PLATE IV.

ft. ff. St re t c/j. aWt.

PLATE V

HETER. A.M

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HETER.AM.

PLATE VII

mG&p /a

fi H Stretch, c/e/6.

HETER.AM.

PLATE VHI

HETER.AM.

PLATE IX

HETER.AM.

PLATE X.

HETER.AM

PLATE XI

HE TEE. AM

PLATE XII

ft //Stretch, c/e/t.

TH K

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4 PP- 15c
Fox, William J. Synopsis of the species of Nysson, inhabiting.

America north of Mexico. 7 pp. 20c

Coquillett, D. W. Synopsis of the dipterous genus Symphono

myia. 4 pp. 10c

Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae. 6 pp. 15c

Neumoegen and Dyar. A preliminary revision of the Bombyce:

of America north of Mexico. $r-5°

Dyar, Harrison G. A review of the North American species o

Pronuba and Prodoxus. 3 pp.- 10c.

A revision of the Hesperiidae of the United States. 32 pp. 6bc.

Synoptic table of North American mosquito larvae. 5 pp. 10c
Dyar, H. G., and Knab, F. The larvae of Culicidae classified a:

independent Organisms. 62 pp., 13 pi. $1.00

Kearfott, W. D. Revision of the North American species of the

genus Choreutis, 20 pp. 50c]

Caudell, A. N. The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville.

11 pp., 1 pi. 35c;
Bueno, J. T. de la T. The Genus Notonecta in America North oj

Mexico. 24 pp., 1 pi. 60c

The above papers will be sent on receipt of price by

CHARGES SCHAEFFER,

Librarian Now York Entomological Society,
Brooklyn museum, Eastern Parkuiey

B^OOK^VN, H- V.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBERIES

3 9088 00833 6216

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