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JOURNAL

OF THE / V,

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

jpjetjjcrtjcxl to '^ntotnoloQv; in ©ettjeraX

Voltame XIX, 1911

Edited by William Morton Wheeler

NEW YORK

Published by the Society

Quarterly

1911

z;^4l4-4■

Press of

The New era printing companit

Lancaster, pa.

/

io8
III

Contents of Volume XIX.

Banks, Nathan, .

Psammocharidcx: Classification and DescnpUons . • 219

'^^^^Detfptions of son. New He.iptera Hete.optera ^3

The Resurrection of Thyanta calceata Say from

Synonymy • • • • " , ' '

Pyrrhocoris apterus Linn, in the United States . •

RapNES Wm and McDuNNOUGH, J., . ., . . Qt

^ Add tiona. New Species of North Amencan Lep.dcp e a

New Species and Genera of North American Lep.doptera 15X

""■ O^Tanthcecia bnffa.oensis Grt. and Papaipenra ,atia StrU. 88

^""%^„"t::ide'nr;:rThec,anruiri,Henr. Edwards . . 86

Davis Wm. T., . ot6

Miscellaneous Notes on Collecting in Georgia ^ ^ •
Noteworthy Hemiptera Collected on Long Island, N. Y. 7

EwiNG, H. E., ■ , . A Studv on the Variations of

Notes on Pseudoscorpions, A Stud) tn

our Common Species, Chelifer cancro.des Lmn., u.th
Systematic Notes on Other Species . . • • o

Felt, E. P., ^ -j . 3^

A Generic Synopsis of the Itomd.-e . • • • ^^^

Three New Gall Midges (Dipt.) • • • •

GiRAULT, A. A., American Species of

Descriptions of ihree i^ew Parasitic on

the Mymarid Genus Polynema Hahday P^^^^^*^^ °"

Membr'acid Eggs, with a List of the Species Described ^^

since the Year 1898^ ■ ■ '^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^.,^^

The Occurrence of the iviynianu ^ ^^

in North America . • • " * . / t^
N:es :: the Hynrenoptera Cha.eidoidea w.th Descr.p-
tions of Several New Genera and Speces . ■

IV

Contents.

Grossbeck, John A.,

A Contribution toward the Life History of Emphor bom-

biformis Cress. 238

Leng, Charles W.,

Notes on Coccinellidae. IV. ...... 6

A New Species of Dineutes . . . . . .11

A New Species of Luperodes ...... 193

Notes on Coleoptera Collected in Northern Georgia — II . 209
Matausch, Ignaz,

The Effects of Parasitic Castration in Membracida? . . 194
Pearsall, Richard F.,

Another Species of Pero Herr. Schaef 90

Schaeffer, Charles,

New Coleoptera and Miscellaneous Notes . . . -113
Severin, Henry H. P., and Harry C,

Habits of Belostoma (=Zaitha) flumineum Say and
Nepa apiculata Uhler, with Observations on Other
Closely Related Aquatic Hemiptera .... 99

Smith, John B.,

New Species of Noctuidse for 191 1. No. i . . . 133
Strickland, E. H.,

A Quiescent Stage in the Development of Termes flavipes
Kollar .......... 256

Wheeler, William Morton,

Notes on the Myrmecophilous Beetles of the Genus Xeno-
dusa, with a Description of the Larva of X. cava

Leconte 163

A New Camponotus from California ..... 97
An Ant-nest Coccinellid (Brachyac"antha quadripunctata

Mels.) 169

Descriptions of some New Fungus-growing Ants from
Texas, with Mr. C. G. Hartman's Observations on their

Habits 245

Annual Address of the President I

A Correction 62

Otto Seifert 63

Blatchley's Beetles of Indiana 126

Miscellaneous Notes 196, 259

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 127, 201, 263

^.

[arch, 1911.] Annual Address of the President. 3

(^ ott, C. W. Leng, Ignaz Matausch, C. E. Olscn, R. C. Osburn, C. H.
Roberts, C. Schaeffer, C. E. Sleight, J. B. Smith, J. D. Sherman, Jr.,
nd W. M. Wheeler. Most of these names will be found in the index
•^ i authors for the last three years. The Journal has become in fact

■s well as in name the Journal of the New York Entomological
society.

The local collection is a recent feature of the society's activity
md, under the management of Dr. Lutz and with the hearty coopera-
ion of our members, reflects in a most gratifying way the strength
)f our society. The intention is that ultimately this collection shall
:ontain many specimens of every species to be found within about
ifty miles of Manhattan, accurately determined by specialists, all
catalogued with complete data arranged in card form and accompa-
lied by tables exhibiting the differences by which the species are sepa-
rated. Thus far labels have been prepared for the species believed to
)ccur within the boundaries selected, specimens have been inserted as
Far as available material permitted, and many of the groups have been
:arefully gone over by specialists. Much remains to be done and
iome time must elapse before the local collection attains its maximum
isefulness. The donations to the local collection and the workers
jpon it have been so many that I hesitate to single out any for praise
for fear of unintentionally doing injustice by omission.

The library of the society has been in charge of Mr. Schaeffer
for the last nine years and its growth during that time has been
entirely the result of his efforts. When he became librarian the
)ooks and pamphlets scarcely filled three shelves; now new book
:ases are continually required to hold the accumulating volumes.
Nine years ago our Journal was sent free to many societies and
nstitutions ; now under his management we receive in exchange the
publications of nearly every important society and institution, and
)y free gift the entomological publications of the National Museum.
kVe exchange with about thirty societies and institutions. By vote of
he society the librarian is also authorized to acquire entomological
vorks by purchase, and during the past year this authority has been
ised to buy Blatchley's Beetles of Indiana, and to subscribe to the new
:atalogue of the Beetles of the World. It is to be regretted that our
nembers do not derive more benefit from the possession of these
journals and books, and it may be possible for the executive commit-

4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

tee and the librarian in consultation to devise a plan for making the
library a more prominent feature of the society's activity.

The satisfactory progress of the society during recent years which
I have endeavored to illustrate, has been due largely to the motherly
care of the American ]\Iuseum of Natural History, which has at dif-
ferent times allowed us to use various rooms in the museum as our
meeting place and finally our present luxurious quarters where we have
an abundance of room, light, warmth, current literature, use of library
and collection, and last but not least, this famous table about which
our entire membership can gather in dignity and comfort. Not only
on meeting nights are these advantages open to us free of cost, but
practically every day, Sundays and holidays included, whenever the
museum is open to the public our members can consult the local col-
lection, the library and the curator. We owe a lasting debt of grati-
tude to this museum and its trustees and officers, which I am happy
to say has been recognized by our members in donations of specimens
and other ways.

Thus far I have spoken of the past and present of our society
and its journal. I wish now to refer briefly to the future. The
society will always need new members and young members. Every
year resignation and death remove men whose loss we keenly feel.
1910 was no exception to the rule, but unhappily witnessed the death
■of our honored friend Zabriskie. The society can only keep its pres-
ent strength and gain more by the election of new members, and I
hope that each one of us will bear this in mind and propose some
young friend for membership during the year.

The local collection will for a long time, perhaps always, need
donations of specimens and particularly of carefully labelled speci-
mens. There has been great progress in this respect since the days
when some of us were young, and a state label is no longer the satis-
fying adjunct to a specimen that it was in the days of Schaupp.
The system now recommended by our curator is one by which the
specimen in addition to its locality label bears a number which refers
to a field card upon which complete ecological data can be entered.
Copies of such cards can be had from the curator, and the free use
of them by our members will preserve a fund of information and
field experience which at present is largely lost.

The Journal needs short paragraphs as well as important papers

March, 1911.] ANNUAL AddRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 5

and I do not believe I exaggerate in saying that each of us can con-
tribute at least one during the year. Such paragraphs may refer to
interesting captures, to life histories or habits, to variations, collect-
ing places, to anything that in conversation we would think worth
mentioning. The editor will find it easier to make up his pages, our
subscribers will find the Journal more interesting, and those who
have not heretofore contributed will especially benefit themselves and
others by making it a point to contribute at least one paragraph
during 191 1.

In closing there is one point that I wish especially to bring to
your attention, which is the advantage of specializing in some one
group in addition to the study of entomology in general. The number
of insects in the world is so great that no one can expect to become
expert in all. The number even in most of the families is appalling.
It follows that the best taxonomic work is done by experts who con-
fine their studies to some comparatively small group in which, how-
ever, they include the species of the whole world. And, in Coleoptera
at least, it is to be regretted that at present such experts are almost
invariably Europeans. Among the members of our society it is grati-
fying to note a tendency to depart from this situation. And I
would urge upon our members the opportunities they enjoy for fol-
lowing up the suggestion I make and the advantage that would accrue
to themselves and the society from its adoption. This museum con-
tains much foreign material, the National Museum likewise and Mr.
Hallinan's collection is rich in insects from Panama. Outside of the
European species such material is largely unnamed, and I am sure
the owners in every instance would welcome the assistance of special-
ists. It is not difficult to obtain such material from European dealers
and if the group selected is small it is not especially expensive. The
West Indies are easily and cheaply reached, and are rich in unde-
scribed species. The field is open to each of us to select some small
group and form a collection that will reflect credit upon its possessor
and be of service to his friends while at the same time the reputation
of our society and Journal will become enhanced. Upon the younger
members of the society especially I would urge that an entomological
reputation can be honestly earned most rapidly by taking up some
small family, accumulating the described species and literature, and .
proceeding at once to the description of the now unknown forms.

6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xix.

Dr. Leconte was only twenty when he published his first descriptions.
The material is on hand in this building waiting for you to go to
work and follow in his footsteps.

Gentlemen, I thank you for your attention, and congratulating
you upon the healthy growth of the society and urging upon you the
need of more copious field notes, of more paragraphs for the Journal
and of more specialists in the society, I wish you all good health, good
luck and lots of good bugs for 1911.

NOTES ON COCCINELLID^. IV.

By Charles W. Leng,

West New Brighton, New York.

Variable Maculation in Coccinellid.^.

The variable character of the maculation of the Coccinellidae is
not only shown by inspection of the insects themselves but is reflected
in the numerous specific names indicating spots, stripes and bands
that have been applied to them. In no other family do we find so
many names like nnipiinctata, bipnnctata. tripunctata, etc., which are
repeated in the Coccinellidae over and over again and might be ar-
ranged in a complete series to 28-punctata, with no numbers missing
except perhaps 17 and 23. Even combinations like bistripushdata
have been formed to indicate the number of spots; and fasciafas and
cinctas and lincatas in all manner of combinations to describe other
styles of ornamentation.

The question arises in the study of these insects as to how much
importance is to be attached to these differences in maculation. Does
each pattern indicate a genus or a species, and each variation in the
pattern a subspecies or variety requiring a name; or are the dift'er-
ences sometimes merely individual characteristics? Are some of the
species capable of producing offspring decidedly different in macula-
tion? Are such dift'erences in maculation partly due to temperature
and moisture or some other pupal environment ?

In connection with these questions we may compare the method
of treating similar dift'erences in the European Coccinellidae and two
papers that have recently appeared in America, viz., " Notes on the

March, ipii.] LenG : NOTES ON COCCINELLID/E. 7

Coccinellidae," by Thos. L. Casey (Can. Ent., XL, 1908) and "Deter-
minate Evolution in the Color Pattern of the Lady Beetles," by R.
H. Johnson (Carnegie List., June 29, 1910). The former European
practice is shown in the " Bestimmungs-Tabellen der Europaischen
Coleoptera, II, Coccinellidae," 1879, by Julius Weise, in which every
difference in maculation known to its author seems to have received
at least a varietal name. • Under some species many varieties are
cited, and since 1879 their number has been increased. The tables
show no characters for their separation except maculation. This
practice does not seem to meet with general approval and various
articles showing the common parentage of the supposed varieties
have been printed. Weise himself in a letter deprecates too great
reliance on color characters and Casey says, " A large proportion of
them are really synonyms."

Casey's paper is important on account of his voluntarily reducing
a number of his previously described species to the rank of subspe-
cies, in harmony with his criticism of the European method. Other-
wise its attitude appears to be not very different from that of his
former work on Coccinellidae published in 1899, in which he did not
hesitate to adopt "type of coloration as a primary taxonomic char-
acter" (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 121).*

To the student of Orthoptera or Lepidoptera this may appear a
safe course to pursue; but to one accustomed to the variable macu-
lation of the Coccinellid;e it cannot be acceptable without an exami-
nation of the foundation on which the theory was built and the
results which followed its use. The collection with which he worked
would be the natural foundation and, by several statements, seems to
have been too small to justify the generalization. E. g., in speaking
of Hippodamia glacialis he says (p. 79), "anterior spot always want-
ing," whereas in fact no very large series is needed to show that the
spot is frequently present. Again (p. 106), speaking of Axion

* This theory in his own words is " Type of ornamentation has not been
regarded as a generic character hitherto, but is in reality one of the most
important, especially that of the pronotum " (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 82).
Later in the same article the idea is presented a little more strongly, viz.,
" Ornamentation may become in other words as important a generic structural
character as any other special modification " (p. 120), and on page 121, referring
to Hyperaspis : " In adopting type of coloration as a primary taxonomic char-
acter, however, this is restricted below to the patterns of the elytra" (p. 121).

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

^-pustulatum, he says, " does not seem to be at all abundant, and my
cabinet contains only the single specimen taken some twenty vears
ago." Mr. Davis has taught us that this species is abundant on oaks
infested with Kermes. Instances might be multiplied by citing the
species he has described from single specimens, but the above are
sufficient to show the weakness of the collection with which he
worked. As to the results he reached by using type of coloration as
a primary taxonomic character, we may compare his statement (p.
109), '' ovoid ens and dcscrtorinii of the table are in all probability
subspecies of calif ornicus," with this sentence printed nine years
later: "Neither of these forms {ovoidciis and descrtonnn) has any-
thing whatever to do with calif oruiciis, either in general appearance
or other token of consanguinity." The first statement was possibly
the result of studies based on type of coloration alone; the second
followed the description in our Journal of the structure of the claws.

Again, in the Canadian Entomologist article, p. 413, Casey has
described Brachyacantha mctator n. sp., using color and maculation
as his guide. Later in Volume XLII, p. 109, he has transferred this
species to Hypcraspis, because an examination of the structure of
the tibiae showed the absence of the tooth which is characteristic of
the genus in wdiich he originally placed it.

There is no intention in these remarks to belittle Major Casey's
work, which indeed speaks for itself; but the intent is to show that
his adoption of type of coloration as a primary taxonomic character
w'as based upon the study of too few specimens to enable him to
judge correctly the status of each specimen and led him into a
number of confessed errors which, to a certain extent, must deprive
his conclusions of the authority they would otherwise derive from
his long experience in the study of Coleoptera.

Let us now compare the information contained in Johnson's work.
This author was fortunate in finding a hibernating mass of 15,415
individuals of Hippodamia convcrgcus at Marsh Hill, Fairfield,
Wash., which being sorted was found to contain 6,954 normal speci-
mens and 63 different varieties, some so close to normal convcrgens
that they would have been accepted as such, others more aberrant
and gradually leading to the varieties that had already been sup-
pressed as synonyms and beyond them to varieties that had pre-
viously, in the light of the series ordinarily found in good collections,

March, I9II.] LeNG : NOTES ON COCCINELLID.E. 9

seemed distinct. Johnson's figures on page 28 would seem sufficient
finally to prove the relationship of these supposed varieties of con-
vcrgcns, for scarcely a conceivable intergrade is missing. In connec-
tion with the large number of specimens he found, it is worth while
to mention that F. W. Nunemacher found a cliff 300 feet long at
Cactus Springs, Nevada, covered with Hippodaiiiia convergens. He
says the whole country was red with the congregated insects (Ent.
News, November, 1910). The study of these captures, perhaps, was
the foundation for the statement of Carl Fuchs at a meeting of the
Pacific Coast Entomological Society that the number of spots he
had observed in Hippodaiiiia convergens ranged from none to twenty-
two, with other variations (Ent. News, November, 1910, p. 432).

To return to Mr. Johnson's discoveries, he found also a mass of
Hippodaiiiia spuria in which, out of 759 individuals, only 256 were
normal. On page 47 he figures the abnormal specimens which, as in
the case of convergens, include patterns previously regarded as dis-
tinct and the intergrades leading to them. The ideas which these
finds engendered were corroborated by a series of CoccincUa siib-
vcrsa in my collection obtained by Miss Florence Dennis at Dilley,
Oregon, of which many specimens are illustrated on page 59, and
by man}' similar though smaller series in the various collections Mr.
Johnson examined, and led him to attempt by artificial breeding to
show that the variation he had observed was determinate, i. c., a
progressive variation in some definite direction. While his experi-
ments in this direction do not seem to have been sufificiently con-
tinued to prove the case as completely as the corresponding experi-
ments of Tower with Leptinotarsiis, they throw a great light on the
variable maculation of Coccinellids. He found, for example, that
" an increase of pigment was obtained by exposing the prepupa and
pupa to the cold of a refrigerator (5° to 15° C), a cellar (15° to
17° C.) and the intermittent temperature of a room where the tem-
perature dropped during the winter months to 5° C. at night." At
the same time he observes that " subspecies of the mountains and
high latitudes " show " a larger percentage of the absence of pro-
notal dash," and by inference from other passages he might have
added that such subspecies (as he calls them) always have more
black markings. He found that breeding from an abnormal female
of CoccincUa p-notata resulted in a progeny in which the peculiarities

10 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

of the mother were not only reproduced in part of the offspring, but
greatly exaggerated in some. His figures on page 6i of these de-
scendants of C. p-notata seem to be sufficient to account for any
extraordinary unique occurring in nature.

Other observations which are instructive are those on the incon-
stancy of the sculpture and shape of the elytra which have been
relied upon by some authors to support differences in maculation.
Many other interesting sentences might be quoted, but perhaps the
strongest one of all for our present purpose is the brief summary
on page 8i of all Johnson's observations and experiments — " diver-
sity prevails."

Thus we have seen that while the European practice has been to
apply names freely to the variably maculate Coccinellidse, and to
some extent the same practice has been followed by Casey on the
ground that type of coloration may be adopted as a primary taxo-
nomic character, yet an examination of very large series in three
species discloses an extraordinary amount of individual variation
and Johnson's experiments in breeding show even greater possi-
bilities in the same direction and justify a conclusion that such varia-
tions in maculation are more often individual than racial.

With the proviso that the conclusion is restricted to Coccinellidse
and does not by any means include such beetles as Cicindelidse, which
are more subject to the influence of isolation, it may be regarded as
proved by Johnson's observations and experiments, as well as by
other evidence, that there is a strong tendency to a variability in
maculation in Coccinellidse which is purely individual, as shown in
the various series quoted; that the effect of the cold of high lati-
tudes and elevation is always to produce more black coloring; and
that therefore specific names based on maculation alone cannot prop-
erly be applied to such variations in Coccinellidae and such as have
already been applied can at best be regarded at varietal names.

March, 1911.] LeNG : NeVV SpECIES OF DiNEUTES. 11

A NEW SPECIES OF DINEUTES.

By Charles W. Leng,
West New Brighton, New York,

Dineutes robertsi, new species.

Very large, entirely bronzed above, testaceous beneath. Regularly oval,
feebly convex ; upper surface entirely bronzed, very shining, very minutely
punctulate, with larger shallow punctures intermingled, which become more
abundant towards apex of elytra ; striae of elytra very faint even at sides ; lat-
eral margins of elytra not sinuate, depressions feeble, sutural angles broadly
rounded in both sexes ; under surface, including legs, entirely pale testaceous ;
anterior tibiae sinuate, apex truncate ; femur without tooth, its upper surface
with punctures (six J, eight J'), from which proceed stout hairs. A row of
■stouter hairs proceed also from groove of femur. Length, 13 to 16 mm.

West Branch War Woman Creek, Rabun Co., Ga., in the moun-
tains, at an elevation of about 2,000 feet.

This species closely resembles vittatus in form and structure, but
is a little larger and therefore the largest species we have. It differs
•especially in color, being entirely bronzed above instead of vittate
as in vittatus, and entirely pale testaceous beneath instead of dark
brown with middle and posterior tibiae pale as in vittatus. The punc-
tuation is also different and the elytral striae are not more evident
at sides.

This species was first observed by Mr. Davis and myself in June,
1909, at a ford where the road from Clayton, Ga., to Bleckley's Store
•crosses the west branch of War Woman Creek. A few specimens
were taken at that time, and in July, 1910, Mr. Davis obtained a
good series by wading some distance up the stream in which unfor-
tunately no very large schools were seen. Later what appeared to
be the same species was seen in Tuckaluge Creek, near by, but none
was captured. It is, however, probable that this species occurs else-
where in the mountains.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this fine species to the friend
of many years, Mr. Chris. H. Roberts, whose paper, " On the Species
of Dineutes," has made their determination possible and certain.

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. iVoi. xix.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW NORTH AMERICAN

SPECIES OF THE MYMARID GENUS POLYNEMA

HALIDAY PARASITIC ON MEMBRACID EGGS,

WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES DESCRIBED

SINCE THE YEAR 1898.

By a. a. Girault,
Urbana, Illinois.

The following isolated descriptions are published in order to
enable the names of the species to be used in forthcoming entomo-
logical publications and also to establish a species whose status has
been that of a iiouicii nudum.

I. Polynema striaticorne, new species.

Normal position.

Female. — Length, 1.64 mm. ; comparatively robust and large. Normal in
size for the genus ; easily visible to the unaided eye.

General color reddish brown to blackish, including the coxaj, femora and
tibiffi ; scape, pedicel, three proximal tarsal joints, base and apex of the tibiae,
base of the femora and the trochanters honey yellow and also the abdominal
petiole ; first funicle joint with some yellowish ; distal six joints of the antennae
and distal tarsal joint dusky black; venation yellowish brown, the marginal vein
longer than wide but normal for the genus, darker. Wings hyaline. Color
variable.

Fore wings moderately densely ciliate in the disk, the discal cilia moder-
ately fine and strong, about twenty longitudinal lines across the widest portion
of the wing; the marginal cilia beyond the distal half of the wing long, about
five eighths the length of the greatest width of the wing, the apex of the wing
regularly rounded, its greatest width at about the distal fourth ; long, gracefuU
Marginal cilia of the posterior wing (caudal margin) more than twice longer
than the wing is wide, at least twice the size of the cilia of the cephalic margin,
the disk of the wing with no cilia excepting along each margin : along the
cephalic margin, excluding the marginal cilia, there is a double or paired line
running the length of the distal two thirds of the wing, along with the mar-
ginal cilia, but gradually disappearing proximad, beyond the marginal cilia and
before attaining the venation; along the caudal margin the outer (caudal) line
does not appear until the distal third of the wing is reached and proximad the
other line begins to disappear sooner than the marginal cilia. Abdomen conic-
ovate to conical, about equal to the combined length of the head and thorax or
somewhat longer, the ovipositor barely exserted. Marginal vein with two dis-
tinct notches in its cephalic margin.

Vertex delicately reticulated, face nearly polished. Scutellum with the

March. 19 n] GiRAULT : New SpECIES OF POLYNEMA. 13

usual cvirved, transverse line of fovea at distal two thirds and at its base a
transverse line of slightly elongated fovese along the division between the
scutum and the scutellum. Mesoscutum and scutellum with barely perceptible
sculpture but present as fine polygonal figurations.

Antennae 9-jointed, apparently naked but under high power (one sixth inch
■objective) a few scattered sets are present ; hispid as in mactdipes Ashmead
■when unmounted. The scape is ovate, widest at distal third, slightly longer
than the pedicel and first funicle joint combined but not more than three fourths
the length of the abdominal petiole, slightly longer than joint 3 of the funicle ;
pedicel shorter, slightly more robust, subpyriform, a third longer than the
following joint ; the latter (joint i of funicle) distinctly the shortest antennal
joint, cylindrical, a third the length of funicle joint 2 or 3 ; joints 2 and 3 of
the funicle subequal, distinctly the longest funicle joints, joint 2 slightly longer
than 3. both cylindrical and subequal in length to the scape but much slenderer
and distinctly shorter than the club and but a fourth as wide ; funicle joint 4
shortened and very slightly thickened, but two thirds the length of joint 3 and
slightly shorter than joint 5 ; the latter more thickened, slightly longer, rectan-
gular, subequal in length to joint 6 of the funicle and about a third wider than
joint 3 or 4 : the distal or sixth funicle joint is no longer but wider, elliptical-
ovate, not quite half as wide as the greatest width of the club but of nearly
the same shape, not quite as wide as the scape ; club forming an enlarged ovate
mass which is slightly longer than the combined lengths of funicle joints 5 and
■6, distinctly the largest antennal joint ; undivided ; along its sides and extend-
ing from the apex proximad are a few short, longitudinal grooves, very con-
spicuous in the shape of striae on all male antennal joints excepting the scape
and funicle.

Proximal joint of the tarsi of the caudal legs long and slender, subequal
to the combined lengths of the three distal joints, which are all subequal, the
third joint somewhat shorter than the second, the second joint somewhat the
longest of the three.

(From 12 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch and
Lonib.)

Male. — Length. 0.982 mm.

The same but more graceful, somewhat darker ; third tarsal joints with
some dusky ; scape concolorous with the funicle, dusky black, the pedicel alone
being honey yellow; first and second joints of the caudal tarsi somewhat longer
in relation to the others : proximal joint of the cephalic tarsi at base ventrad
with a few stilT bristles forming the strigil with the curved and forked cephalic
tibial spur.

Abdomen (lateral aspect) hemispherical to ovate, flat ventrad. convex
dorsad, no longer than the thorax.

Antennee 13-jointed, the funicle filiform and loosely jointed, all of its joints
•distinctly longer than wide, cylindrical and subequal, very gradually shortening
distad, joints 2, 3, 4, S, 6, 7 and 8 about equal and longest, the proximal joint
and joint 9 slightly shorter; joints 10 and 11 of the funicle each slightly
shorter than the one preceding, joint 11 or the club shortest of the funicle

14 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoLXIX.

joints, about a fourth shorter than any of the joints from 2 to 8. Pubescence
or clothing inconspicuous; funicle joints distinctly, uniformly longitudinally
ribbed or striate and the disto-lateral angle of each is subacute, the distal ends
truncate, the jiroximal ends slightly narrowed and then truncate. Pedicel
gourd-shaped, truncate distad, then convexly swollen, then proximad, ending
in a neck; pedicel slightly more than half the length of the first funicle joint;
scape short, not very much longer than the pedicel and dilated ventrad to the
width of the pedicel. Antenn?e longer than the body.

(From 6 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.)

A large and graceful species with long wings and closely resem-
bling in some respects Polyncma howardii (Ashmead), but the fore
wings are somewhat more finely ciliated (about 20 lines of cilia
instead of about 18) ; they are somewhat broader, especially as noted
in regard to their proportionate length to the longest marginal cilia,
their caudal margins are convex instead of nearly straight and the
anlennal joints of the male are distinctly longer and more slender
(the female of hozvardii is unknown). The species is so different
from macnUpcs Ashinead, also of which the male only is known, that
particular differences will not be mentioned here other than to state
that the fore wings are very much larger and more densely ciliated,
the discal ciliation of the fore wings in macidipcs being very coarse,
the wings themselves narrow.

Described from the following series of specimens :

I. Two balsam slides from Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entoinologist,
Albany, N. Y., through Mr. C. T. Brues under date of March 3,

1909, thus — a male specimen on one slide labelled "a 1695, Aug. 31,
1907, Albany, X. Y." ; and a female specimen on the other slide
labelled "a iioi xx. Alb. May 12, 1906." Under date of October 11,

1910, Dr. Felt stated in a letter concerning these specimens — "a 1695
was obtained from clover heads infested with the clover midge,
Dasyneiira leguminicola Lintn., taken in the vicinity of Albany, N.
Y. The female mounted on the slide labelled a iioi was undoubt-
edly reared from a jar containing galls of Rhabdophaga triticoides
Walsh on Salix cordifolia taken in the vicinity of Albany, X. Y."
Accordingly, the host relations here are obscure.

II. A collection of 3 males and 10 females on tags received from
Air. H. E. Hodgkiss, X. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva,
X, Y., through the Xational Bureau of Entomology and all labelled

March, 1911.] GiRAULT: NeW SpECIES OF POLYNEMA.

15

" Membracid eggs. Apr. 30, 1908. Coll. N. Y. Exper. Sta." Also four
slides from the same source bearing 2 males and 2 females labelled " N.
Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Parasite on pear membracid, C. taiirina Fitch " and
respectively "4/26/05. Geneva, N. Y. On eggs," the 2 males, and
"4/26/05", "5/1 1/05. Kept 2 wks.", the females.

III. Two tag-mounted specimens, male and female, in the United
States National Museum collection, labelled "Par. on eggs Ceresa
bubalus. 4/20, '93. From Miss Murtfeldt," and in Ashmead's hand-
writing " Cosmocoma maculipes Ashmead." Also in the same collec-
tion another male specimen bearing the label " 1129 P°. On Ceresa.
Issued May 5, '92."

IV. A single male mounted in balsam, captured in a greenhouse,
Urbana, Illinois, October 8, 1910.

Parasitic therefore on the eggs of Ceresa bubalus Fabricius and
Ceresa taurina Fitch.

//a&i^a^.— United States— New York (Albany, Geneva) ; Missouri
(various localities); Illinois (Urbana).

In the literature this species is the Cosmocoma referred to by
Marlatt* which destroyed the eggs received by Miss Murtfeldt from
various localities in Missouri ; also Rileyf refers to the same species
as a parasite of the Ceresa, but without giving other data.

73,^^^._Type No. 13,45^, United State National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C.,'i c^, I ?, in balsam, 2 slides (the 2 specimens of series
I in preceding, N. Y.).

Cotypes.— Accession No. 44,176, Illinois State Laboratory of Nat-
ural History, Urbana, Illinois, i slide bearing i c^, i ?, in xylol-balsam
(2 of the specimens of series II in preceding).
2. Polynema enchenopae, new species.

Normal position.

Female.— Length, i mm.; smaller than the preceding, moderate in size

for the genus.

Similar in general to the preceding but differing notably in the relative
length of the third to the second funicle joint, here the former distinctly
shorter, and in the coarser discal ciliation of the fore wings and the lesser
width of the latter. More closely allied with maculipes Ashmead.

* Insect Life, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, VII

(1894-1895), 1895, pp. 12-13- .

t Report Ent. in Report Secy. Agric. 1893, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, D. C, 1894, p. 215.

16 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [\'o1. xix.

General color variable, dilute brownish black ; scape, pedicel, caudal coxre,
trochanters, three proximal tarsal joints and the cephalic tibiae pallid yellowish ;
flagellum of the antennae, cephalic and intermediate cox;e, femora, intermediate
and caudal tibiae and the venation dusky black, the club joint darker. Wings
hyaline, excepting the slightly clouded middle portion of the posterior wings.
Abdominal petiole yellowish brown to yellow. Eyes reddish, ocelli pink,
Gular surfaces yellow% Abdomen reddish brown, smooth, shining, impunctate.

Fore wings in general as in the preceding species but decidedly more
slender and the discal cilia are distinctly stronger and coarser, coarse, less
dense, being about half as many in a transverse row across the widest part of
the wing (about ii to 12 longitudinal lines, counted from one margin to the
other) ; posterior wings, however, as in the preceding species but the two lines
of discal cilia near the margins are less distinctly paired.

Abdomen conic-ovate, longer than the combined length of the head and
thorax, the hypopygium extending somewhat beyond the apex but the ovi-
positor not at all exserted. Legs as in the preceding species. Tibial spurs all
single, the intermediate ones smallest, the cephalic ones long, comparatively
stout and forked at its tip, forming a strigil with the longitudinal row of
brush-like bristles along the ventral aspect of the proximal joint of the cephalic
tarsi. \'entrad of the antennal bulbs, the face bears sparse hispid pubescence,
the antennal bulbs widely separated, thrice the distance from each other than
each is from the respective eye margin. Head (cephalic aspect) triangular, the
face concave, margined laterad but the cheeks rounded. Eyes ovate. Parap-
sidal furrows distinct, complete, short, curved. Vertex broad but declivous
cephalad of the cephalic ocellus, just caudad of that ocellus, acute transversely ;
ocelli in an obtuse angled triangle on the caudal half of the vertex, the lateral
ones near the occipital margin, not near the eye margins, but nearly thrice
farther separated from each other than each is separated from the eye margin
and nearly twice the distance apart than each is from the cephalic ocellus, the
latter about in the center of the vertex. Lateral margin of the eye slightly
concave. The " vertexal carina" present (cephalic aspect), apparently a trans-
verse grooved line along the cephalic margin of the vertex, abruptly changing
angle laterad and proceeding obliquely caudo-laterad along the eye margin and
then (dorsal aspect) at the caudo-mesal angle of the eye, changing angle, pro-
ceeding obliquely caudo-mesad to the occipital margin where it is lost (caudal
aspect), apparently, however, in the foraminal dejiression curving convexly,
caudo-ventrad or beyond the occipital margin, curving around to join the cor-
responding part on the opposite side and thus forming one continuous groove.
This groove separates the lateral ocelli from the eye margins. (Dorsal aspect),
occipital and cephalic margins of the vertex concave, the head longer (axially
or cephalo-caudad) at the lateral margin by about a fourth, than at the meson,
wide behind the eyes, the face scooped out between the eyes. Body very
faintly sculptured, practically smooth. Scutellum hemispherical, smooth, at its
caudal (apical, distal) fifth, following the apjcal margin of the sclerite is a
convexly curved line of uniformly round dot-like punctures or fovere. Meta-
thoracic spiracles minute, circular, margined, no sulcus ; metathorax polished,
with no carinac. Legs hairy, especially the tibiae.

March, 1911.] GiRAULT: Xew SpECIES OF PoLYNEMA. 17

Abdomen smooth, dorsad the caudal margins of the segments straight,
segment 2 largest along the meson, twice the length of segment 3, segments
3 and 5 subequal, 3 widest, segments 4 and 6 subequal, slightly shorter; 7 dis-
tinctly longer, frustrum-like, segment 8 small, conic. Pronotum narrowed at
the meson and grooved there, the mesoscutum acutely produced at the meson.
Apical margin of the clypeus concave.

Antennae inserted slightly above the middle of the face but not half-way
up the eye margins, yet distinctly dorsad of an imaginary line drawn between
the ventral ends of the eyes. They have the same general shape as in the
preceding species, the principal difference being in the shorter third funicle
joint which is not long and subequal to the second joint of the funicle but
only two thirds the latter's length ; the scape also differs in being dilated
ventrad and of shorter length, its dorsal margin flat or straight, slightly longer
than joint 2 of the funicle and distinctly longer than the pedicel and joint i
of the funicle combined ; pedicel subglobate, with a slight neck proximad, not
quite as wide as the greatest width of the scape but at least thrice wider than
the proximal funicle joint and a fourth longer; the funicle cylindrical, enlarg-
ing slightly distad, the six joints all longer than wide and unequal, joint i
cylindrical, slightly widened distad. shortest, slightly over a third of the length
of joint 2 ; joints 1-3 filiform, equal in width ; joint 2 longest, slender, subequal
to the scape and three fourths the length of the club joint ; joints 3-6 subequal
in length, after 3 gradually enlarging; of the four joints 3 and 6 are about
equal in length, slightly longer than either 4 or 5, joint 6 distinctly thicker
than the others but not abruptly so, ovate, distinctly less than half the length
of the large club joint and about a third of its width ; joints 4 and 5 distinctly
wider than joints 1-3. Club undivided, the largest antennal joint, ovate, equal
in length to the three distal (4, S, 6) funicle joints but not half as long by
far as the funicle taken as a whole ; with some longitudinal grooves or striae
near apex. Antennae more hairy than in the preceding species but not notice-
ably so, the clothing pilose and moderately loose, moderately close on the club.

(From 10 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch
and Lomb.)

Male. — Length, i mm., more or less, slightly shorter than the female.

The same, more graceful; two proximal joints of the antennal funicle with
some yellowish. (Lateral aspect), abdomen ovate, the body of it about equal to
the thorax in length, its petiole longer than the proximal funicle joint.

Antennae somewhat similar to those of this sex in striaticorne but the
joints are relatively shorter, less distinctly striated longitudinally, though
traces of such sculpture are perceptible; the funicle joints are all cylindrical,
much longer than wide and subequal in length and sparsely hispid. Funicle
joints 4 to 10, inclusive, about equal, the distal or eleventh joint (club) about
a fourth shorter, the proximal three joints of the funicle slightly longer, a
third longer than the distal joints ; scape short, compressed, dilated ventrad,
distinctly longer than the pedicel and somewhat shorter than the proximal

18 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

funicle joint; pedicel subglobose, (lateral aspect) dilated ventrad, slightly convex
dorsad, compressed, with a short, slightly curved proximal neck, slightly more
than a half the length of the proximal funicle joint Init much wider, its greatest
width about equal to that of the scape (dorso-ventrad).

(From 7 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.)

Described from 7 males and 10 females reared from the egg-
masses of the membracid Enchcnopa hinotaia (Say) at Chicago, Illi-
nois, September 15, 1908 (J. J. Davis). The eggs of the host were
on Ptclca.

]\rore closely related than the preceding to maculipcs Ashmead
and Iiowordii Ashmead, differing from the former (male type) in
having relatively finer discal ciliation of the fore wings (abotit 12
lines, macnlipes but 10), in the broader fore wings, in maculipcs the
longest marginal cilia of those wings being seven eighths the greatest
wing width, but in this species only about three fourths and in the
general coloration of the legs. From the species hozvardii Ashmead
in having distinctly coarser discal ciliation of the fore wings and in
different wing shape ; also in different coloration of the antenna.
A moderate sized species.

Habitat. — United States — Illinois (Chicago).

Types.— Type No. 1^,4^2, United States National Museum, \\'ash-
ington, D. C, 2 c?'s, 2 ?'s in xylol-balsam (i slide; part of cotype).

Cotypc. — Accession No. 40,02g, Illinois State Laboratory of Nat-
ural History, Urbana, i slide, 2 J"s, 3 $'s in xylol-balsam.

As stated, the foregoing two species are related to maculipcs
Ashmead and hoxvardii Ashmead, whose identities are considerably
mixed in the Ashmead determinations (in the U. S. N. M. collection
for instance) ; from all others of this country and of those described
since de Dalla Torre's catalogue, easily distinguished. From piccipcs
(lirault by the longer distal funicle joints of the female antennae
and the wider fore wings ; rcduvioli Perkins by the short proximal
funicle joints; hawaiicnse Ashmead by the shorter antennal joints;
nccdhami Ashmead, hrasilicnsc Ashmead, grcnadcnsc Ashmead, and
albicoxa Ashmead by the lack of an exserted ovipositor; magniccps
Ashmead by thoracic characters and from hcrgi Ashmead and
rnfcsccns Ashmead by having hyaline wings and in being black in
color, respectively.

March, 1911.] GiRAULT : New SpECIES OF POLYNEMA. 19

3. Polynema citripes Ashmead, mss.*

Polyncnra citripes Ashmead — Webster, 1903, p. 33.!
Polynema citripes Ashmead — Girault, 1907, pp. 28, 32.$
Polynema citripes Ashmead — Girault, 1907, p. 106. §

This species has never been described but as may be inferred has
been mentioned several times in the literature of economic ento-
mology. I describe it so that the name will not be lost.

Normal position.

Female. — Length, 0.75 mm. ; small for the genus but visible to naked eye.

General color dusky black, the whole of the legs excepting the distal tarsal
joints and the antennae excepting the enlarged clubll pallid to lemon yellow;
distal tarsal joints and antennal club concolorous with the general body color ;
distal three funicle joints and the cephalic coxa; with some tinges of dusky on
one aspect ; venation pallid to dusky ; wings wholly hyaline. Eyes dark. Abdom-
inal petiole concolorous with the legs.

Fore wings narrow and graceful, their proximal half slender, the blade
not enlarging until the end of that half is reached when it gradually enlarges
to the shape of a slender paddle, the longest marginal fringes distinctly longer
than the greatest wing width, at least by a fourth, long and slender, the wing
blade obtusely pointed, the apex dome-shaped, the wing from 7 to 8 times
longer than broad, with moderately dense, moderately fine discal ciliation (about
9 lines but varying occasionally to only 5), which disappears proximad some
distance out from the marginal vein ; marginal fringes comparatively long,
marginal vein bearing 2 setse from its surface, normal. Posterior wings narrow,
straight, slender, linear, the marginal fringes of the posterior margin long and
slender, the longest of them 5 or 6 times longer than the wing is wide but
by far not half so long as the longest fringes of the fore wing, those of the
cephalic margin moderately short, delicate, inconspicuous, slightly longer than
the wing is wide. Discal ciliation of the posterior wing sparse, apparently
irregular, apparently 'a single line of long, slender setse, far apart and alter-
nating from one margin to the other but actually consisting of a single line
of long cilia along each margin ; posterior wings with a dusky appearance but
really clear.

Tarsi 4-jointed, the proximal joint of the posterior tarsi longest but some-
what shorter than the combined lengths of the distal three joints, more than
twice the length of the second joint, the other three joints subequal ; the
proximal joints of the intermediate and cephalic tarsi shorter in relation to

* As I shall show elsewhere, this species is the Ooctonus longipcs of Ash-
mead, Canadian Ent., XIX, 1887, p. 192. Thus, the name will have to be
Polynema longipes (Ashmead).

t Bull. No. 42, Division Ent.. U. S. Dept. Agric, Washington, D. C.

t Psyche, Boston, Mass., XIV.

§ lb., XVI.

il The whole of the funicle varying to dusky black.

20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xix.

the combined lengths of the distal three joints, about one and three quarters
times the lengths of the second joints, that of the cephalic tarsus somewhat
longer, bent at its proximal third, the hairs on its ventral surface forming a
strigil with the ctirved, forked tibial spur of the cephalic tibia ; the tines of
the fork of the latter are unequal. Cephalic tibijE and femora subequal in
length, the tibia of the other legs longer than the femora. Caudal coxae more
elongate-conical than those of the other legs, which are somewhat globular.
Tibial spurs single.

Lateral ocelli somewhat their own width from the respective eye margins,
farther apart from each other than each is from the cephalic ocellus.

Sculpture of the body not conspicuous, apparently absent, the abdomen
smooth, the scutellum with the usual transverse line of minute foveas near its
tip, curving with the margin at that point, the metanotum comparatively simple,
apparently without carinse ; parapsidal furrows distinct, complete ; along the
median line the scutellum and mesoscutum are subequal, the posterior margin
of the latter nearly straight, slightly convexed. Metathoracic spiracle minute,
like a point, round. Vertexal carina present, complete. Abdomen conic-ovate,
the ovipositor slightly exserted, or rather its valves.

Antennae widely separated, inserted near the margins of the eyes, g-jointed,
the funicle nearly filiform, ending in a very large, solid, ovate club joint;
pubescence not conspicuous. Scape dilated ventrad, longer than the pedicel
and wider, subequal in length to the second funicle joint. Pedicel obconic,
subequal in length to the proximal funicle joint but much wider and slightly
longer. First three funicle joints equal in width, slender, cylindrical, the first
and second long or moderately long, the third short ; first funicle joint twice
the length of the fourth, which is the shortest funicle joint, but only two thirds
the length of the second joint which is the longest funicle joint, slightly curved,
over twice the length of the short third joint of the funicle and about thrice
the length of the fourth ; third joint longer than wide but abruptly shorter,
about a fourth longer than the fourth joint ; the latter shortest yet longer than
wide, slightly wider, ovate-quadrate ; fifth and sixth joints cylindrical oval,
each lengthening slightly, the third joint intermediate in length between them.
Club abruptly very large, as long as the combined lengths of the first two
funicle joints. The club with several conspicuous, short, longitudinal grooves
along the side of one aspect and also leading from the apex. In immounted
specimens the antennae nearly hispid, with short, whitish hairs.

(From 10 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch
and Lomb.)

Male.— The same but having the pallid yellow of the legs dusky yellow,
the antennae dusky black excepting the pallid yellow scape and pedicel ; and
moreover differing in the shorter, more rounded abdomen, the lesser number
of lines of discal ciliation of the fore wing (4 or 5 lines)* and in the longer,
filiform, slender antennae.

Antenn.'c 13-jointed, normal, the pubescence moderately sparse, the longitu-
dinal strire of the fvmicle joints (2-10) visible but not conspicuous, the distal

* But in one specimen only.

March, 1911.] GiRAULT : NeW SpECIES OF PoLYNEMA. 21

angles of those funicle joints acute: scape equal to the pedicel and proximal
funicle joint combined, more slender than in the female; pedicel obconic, sub-
equal in length to the following joint or slightly shorter, wider than the scape ;
funicle joints all about equal in length and width but slightly lengthening
distad. 9 and 10 longest; in regard to the former, joints 3 to 10 subequal, the
second joint somewhat shorter and the first shorter still, about a fifth shorter
than joint 3 ; club joint long-ovate, equal to funicle joint 2, hence shorter than
joint 10 of the funicle. Petiole of abdomen as long or longer than the
caudal coxae.

(From 2 specimens, two thirds inch objective, one inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb. )

Described from the following specimens: One slide labelled " W.
1892.^ F. M. Webster. Wooster, Ohio; Urbana, Illinois. Reared
with E. cragrostidis. (i)0!igosita avicricaua Ashm. (2) Polyncma
citripcs Ashm." and bearing id',:? of the latter and two pairs of an
undescribed species of IVcsti^^oodcUa ; original material; names in
Ashmead's handwriting. One male and two females, formerly tag-
mounted, now remounted in xylol-balsam (i slide), from the U. S.
National Museum collection, labelled " Bred from Enrytomocharis
cragrostidis. Urbana, Illinois, F. M. Wester," arranged in the col-
lection with 'the following specimen. One female from the same
collection and similarly remounted bearing the labels in the late
Dr. Ashmead's hand, " Cosmocoma citripes Ashm. Type ", " Type "
and " Ind.," evidently original material but not type material as the
label was yellow, not red, like those used by the National Museum,
and the specimen bore no number and is not entered in the catalogue
of types. One slide bearing two females received for identification
from Dr. L. O. Howard, labelled " collected with Thrips on carna-
tions from Nashville, Tenn. 9-12-09. H. F. Wilson." Designated
as homotypes. Three females on a slide with other miscellaneous my-
marids labelled " Urbana, Illinois, July i, 1910, sweeping. Girault."
Finally, a slide bearing a single female labelled " Polynema citripes
Ashmead. Centralia, Illinois, window, August 25, 1909. Girault."
Homotype.

Habitat. — United States — Illinois (Urbana, Centralia); Indiana;
Tennessee (Nashville) ; Ohio (Wooster) ; Florida.

Homotypes. — Cat. No. 13,453, United States National Museum,
Washington, D. C, 2 $'s in xylol-balsam, i slide. (Nashville, Tenn.
See preceding.) Accession No. 44,1/5, Illinois State Laboratory of

22 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoL xix.

Natural History, Ur])ana, Illinois, i ? in xylol-balsani, i slide. (Cen-
tralia, Illinois, 25 August, 1909. See preceding list of specimens.)

A species unique in having the slender wings and the long mar-
ginal cilia of the fore wings distinctly longer than the greatest width
of those wings. By this characteristic alone it is easily separated
from all other described species of the genus. Common in Illinois
and probably ])arasitic on jassid eggs in wheat straw {Doryccphahis
platyrliyiichus Osborn?). Consult the analogous case of IVcstivood-
clla a>iicricana in the reference to Girault, 1909, given on a preceding
page, though Webster (1. c.) regarded it as a probable parasite of
Isosoma hordci (Harris).

The following list of species has been described* since Dalla
Torre's catalogue (1898) and brings his list up to date:

1. Polynema maculipes (Ashmead).

Cosmoconui maculipes Ashmead.

Canadian Ent.. XTX, 1887. p. 3. (U. S.) (Not listed by de Dalla Torre.)

2. Polynema magniceps Ashmead.

Transactions Ent. Soc. London f. 1900, pp. 265-266. (Grenada.)

3. Polynema grenadense Ashmead.

Ibidem, p. 266. (Grenada.)

4. Polynema albicoxa Ashmead.

Ibidem, p. 266. (Grenada.)

5. Polynema needhami Ashmead.

Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 617. (U. S.)

6. Polynema hawaiiense Ashmead.

Fauna Hawaiiensis, 1901, I, pt. iii. p. 3,52. (Hawaii.)

7. Polynema brasiliense Ashmead.

Memoirs Carnetjie Museum. I, KJ04, p. 521. (Brazil.)

8. Polynema rufescens Ashmead.
Ibidem. ( Brazil. )

9. Polynema bergi Ashmead.

Ent. News, XVT, 1905, p. 214. (Russian Turkestan.)

10. Polynema picipes Girault.

Psyche, XII, 1905, pji. 91-92. ( U. S.)
Polyiicjua piccipcs Girault (nom. emend.).

11. Polynema reduvioli Perkins.

Bull. No. I, Division Ent., Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, 1905, pp.
196-197, plate XII, figs. 3, 3a; XIII, fig. 7. (Hawaii.)

* There is also a nomen nudum. Polynema citripes Ashmead, now known
to be P. longipes Ashmead. (See preceding.)

March, 1911.] GiRAULT: New SpECIES OF POLYNEMA. 23

12. Polynema bifasciatipenne (Girault).

Stichothrix bifasciatipennis Girault.
Psyche, XV, 1908, pp. 1 1 5-1 1 7. (U, S.)

A large number of the species of this genus are poorly described;
as a matter of fact it is difficult to distinguish the species in this
genus without mounting them in balsam and studying the characters
afforded by the fore wings, their relative shape and size and the
amount and quality of their discal ciliation ; there are also other
good sculptural characters on the metathorax, but coloration is too
variable for specific characters in most instances.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW HEMIPTERA-
HETEROPTERA.

By H. G. Barber,
RosELLE Park, N. J.

Jalysus elongatus, new species.

Longer than /. spinosits Say, pale ochraceous in color. Head twice as
long as broad, armed at vertex with a long, acute, cylindrical spine which
usually projects horizontally beyond apex of head. This spine in a few cases
is deflexed at apex. Post-ocular part of head much longer than in spinosus,
as long as the width of the anterior margin of the pronotum ; area back of the
transverse groove smooth ; a longitudinal, smooth, callosed line just above the
eyes. Head beneath with a series of fine punctures beside the buccal groove
and with a smooth pale-yellow, callosed line running from beneath the eyes to
the anterior edge of the pronotum, suffused with a light piceous streak either
side of this line. First joint of rostrum three fourths as long as head.
Antennae similar in character and color to spinosus but with the apical joint
relatively narrower. Pronotum over twice as long as wide, closely and coarsely
punctate dorsally and laterally except on the two oval cicatrices and on the
three longitudinal callosed ridges which are arranged as follows : lateral ones,
distinct from anterior margin to rounded humeral elevations, median carina
not elevated behind, evanescent before posterior declivity. Spine of scutellum
depressed, almost horizontal. Clavus and subclaval area of hemelytra punctate,
these verging posteriorly into shallow areoles ; remainder of hemelytra and
membrane transversely rugulose between the prominent nervures and there
subhyaline. Very acute and prolonged apex of corium reaching well beyond
middle of membrane, not tipped with black. Abdomen beneath impunctate,
unicolorous in J and reddish brown in J'. Pleural pieces of meso- and meta-
sternum coarsely and closely punctate. Metapleural spines relatively shorter

24 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

and not quite so acute as in spinosits. Legs similar to those of spi)iosiis. with
apex of hind femora passing apex of abdomen: tarsi fuscous. Length of ,^'s,
g mm. ; J's, 9-10 mm.

Described from seven males and twelve females collected by me
in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, in August, 1905.

The meager description of Ncidcs caducus by Distant (Biol. Cent.
Am. Rhynch., I, Append., p. 460, 1893) from Mexico, answers so far
as it goes for this species and it may turn out upon comparison with
the type to be Distant's species.

The three United States species of the genus Jalysits Stal may be
differentiated as follows:

Scutellar spine not vertically elevated.

Head armed with a long, horizontal, sharp, cylindrical spine, surpassing

apex of head eloiigatiis n. sp.

Scutellar spine elevated vertically.

Vertex of head armed with a short, erect, blunt spine. Scutellar spine

almost vertical muhispinosus Ashm. ( pcrclovatus Van D.).

Vertex of head unarmed with a spine but provided with an abruptly endinij
sharp keel. Scutellar spine inclined at an angle of 45°.

spinosits Say (zvickhaiiii \'an D.).

Jalysiis (floplinus) miiltispiiiosiis Ashm. is the smallest member
of the genus thus far described and seems to be widely distributed.
It was described by Mr. Ashmead from Florida and, owing to his
poor characterization, was recently redescribed from Florida mate-
rial by Mr. Van Duzee as pcrclavatus. I have taken this species
in Langdon, Mo., Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., and Lakehurst, X. J.
Mr. Nathan Banks has taken it about Washington, D. C. /. spinosus
is widely distributed, as I have specimens from Dilly, Oregon, Inyo
Mountains, Calif., Nebraska, and from numerous points in the east,
where it is common. /. IVickJiami Van D. is a small spinosus. speci-
mens of which I have received from Mr. Wickham collected in the
Inyo Mountains, Cal. Mr. Van Duzee has compared my specimens
with his type and agrees to have no quarrel with me if I place his
species as a synonym of spinosus, although he prefers to call it a
variety.

Sphaerobius quadristriata, new species.

Black, head and anterior lobe of prothorax shining, these impunctat^,
minutely wrinkled but not setose as in insignis Uhl. and considerably larger
than that species. Projecting tylus reaching two thirds the length of the basal

March, i9iiJ Barber : New Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 25

joint of the antennae. Head but little exserted and narrowing rather sharply
behind the eyes. Antenna' piceous with apex of third joint and fourth infus-
cated ; the second joint one third longer than third, fourth three fourths as
long as third. Head beneath impunctate, minutely wrinlsled with apex of basal
joint of rostrum about reaching base of head. Pronotum provided with a dis-
tinct but narrow callosed collar which is dull piceous ; anterior lobe is a trifle
wider than long and two and one half times as long as the posterior lobe, which
is flattened and dull piceous, rather finely but not closely punctate ; humeral
angles elevated, smooth and slightly paler ; sinus of constriction, at side espe-
cially, not sharp angled as insignis but more rounded at bottom and there
suffused with dull black. Scutellum dull sooty black, narrow, acute, almost
impunctate and extreme tip pale ; posteriorly subcarinate. Corium dull fuscous
or sooty black, not setose or hairy, with four smooth dirty white striae, con-
verging towards the base, arranged as follows : one on the outer margin of
the clavus, extending two thirds its length, one just outside the clavus, extending
a little longer and two of equal length between exterior vein and costal margin,
reaching a little behind middle of corium. Just before apex of corium and not
attaining costal margin, a triangular impunctate pale spot. Infuscated part of
clavus and corium with a few punctures arranged somewhat in linear series.
Corium abbreviated, membrane extending just past middle of fifth abdominal
segment. Membrane fuscous, with basal interior angle and minute spot at
external angle, pale ; extreme tip transversely pale, with veins indistinct. Be-
neath black, with meso- and metapleural pieces dull, these next the coxae and
the posterior concave lateral margins of metasternum pale ; the propleura very
finely and sparsely punctured, shining. Venter subshining but covered with
very fine closely appressed, grayish pubescence. Legs piceous brown, paler at
base of coxse, femora and tarsi. Thickened anterior femora provided on apical
half with two or three stronger and several intermixed, smaller teeth. Tibiae
furnished with stiff bristles. Length of ,^, 7.5 mm.

Described from three males taken at Lakehtirst, N. J-, by Mr.
Wm. T. Davis and myself on July 4, 1909, and September 7. It
seems to be rare. I have seen this in collections labelled 5. insignis
Uhl, which is, however, a strictly western species, specimens of which
in my collection are from Spearfish, S. Dak., and Glen, Sioux Co.,
Nebr.

PSEUDOCNEMODUS, new genus.

Very similar and with many of the characters of Cncmodus H.
Schf. from which is chiefly differs by the presence of ocelli; post-
ocular margins of head more swollen; collar of pronotum narrower
and not so sharply demarked ; posterior lobe of pronotum wider than
anterior; fore femora more incrassate, basal part of fore tibiae in
male above spine nearly straight, with this spine nearer apex than

26 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

ba.sc of tibi;e: micklle femora of males provided with four or five
strong teeth : anterior lobe of pronotum punctate. Head and pro-
notum provided with a few long set^e. Posterior margin of pronotum
not so sinuated above base of scutellum.

Pseudocnemodus bruneri, new species.

Smaller and more shining than Cnemodus iiiavortius Say. Dark casta-
neous, with post-ocular margins of head more swollen and with fore femora
more incrassate. Head dull dark castaneous, closely punctured, not pubescent
but provided with a few long setae. Tylus lighter colored. Head shaped much
as in mavortitis but the post-ocular and ante-ocular portions to base of antennae
sube(|ual. Swollen post-ocular part distinctly wider across than the collar of the
pronotum. Apex of head almost reaching the middle of basal joint of antennae,
which is about two thirds as long as second : third segment apically thickened
and apical three fourths fuscous, about three fourths the length of second ;
fourth segment a trifle longer than third and colored reddish-brown. First
joint of rostrum nearly reaching base of head. Head unicolorous beneath, sub-
shining, with a few fine scattered punctures. Collar of pronotum short and
not sharply demarked, there closely punctured. Anterior lobe shining, with
scattered punctures on the disc, a little longer than wide and about two and
one half times longer than the posterior lobe, which is dull paler castaneous,
more closely punctate and wider than the anterior lobe. Humeral angles cal-
losed, smooth, pale. Seen from the side, the posterior part of this lobe is
elevated to the height of the anterior lobe. Posterior margin of pronotum not
so concave as in C. mavortitis. Scutellum dark castaneous or piceous, not
closely punctate, pale at acute apex and with apical half distinctly keeled.
Corium wider than the abdomen, dark castaneous, verging to piceous in dark
specimens, not closely punctate except without exterior vein, not very shining.
Wide costal margin strongly reflexed, pale yellow, impunctate. Membrane
incomplete, infuscated, reaching base of sixth abdominal segment, provided
with about four sinuous veins. Genital segment of male seen dorsally more
concave than in C. mavortius. Pleural pieces rather closely and coarsely punc-
tured, shining. Exterior apical angle of metasternum and coxal plates pale
stramineous. Venter shining castaneous, with very fine hairs on the disc.
Connexivinn beneath paler. Legs shorter than in C. mavortius, pale stramineous,
with shining anterior femora relatively shorter and more swollen, and pro-
vided with two rows of five or six larger equidistant spines, with a few
minute ones nearer apex. Fore tibial spine of male placed nearer apex than
base of tibia, the basal part nearly straight. Middle femora of male armed
with three or four stout, acute teeth. Precoxal tooth acute, horizontal. Hind
femora unarmed. Apical half of fore femora and tibiae, apex of second and
third femora more faintly fuscous. Length of (^, 5.5 mm. ; J, 6 mm.

Described from fourteen males and fifteen females collected by
me in Falls City, Nebraska, August 30, 1910; two females taken by

March. I9I1-] Barber : Xew Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 27

Mr. William T. Davis at Lakehurst, N. J., July ii, and one female
in the collection of Mr. Nathan Banks from Black Momitain, N. C,
May. The specimens from Falls City, Nebr., were collected under
old railroad ties which had been lying along the grassy embankment
of the road for three or four weeks, beneath which the vegetation
was not yet dead. A few of the specimens are much darker, verg-
ing into piceous. The two females from Lakehurst, N. J., are larger
an'd paler than the Nebraska and Black Mountain ones, with the
antennjE and legs not infuscated. I have named this species for
my friend Professor Lawrence Bruner, State Entomologist of Ne-
braska, to whom I am much indebted for past favors.

ESURIS Stal.

As this genus is new to the United States, it may be well to give
its chief diagnostic characters, which are as follows: species small,
having the hemelytra incomplete and destitute of a membrane, with
the clavus and corium connate. Anterior femora incrassate and armed
beneath with a few small teeth. Body sparsely setose. Ocelli absent.

This genus was erected by Stal (Enum. Hem., IV, 164, 1874) to
include his formerly described Rhyparochromns tcrgina from Brazil,
since which time Distant (Biol. Cent. Am. Rhynch., I, 410, 1893) has
described a species, E. purpurata, from Guatemala, but the descrip-
tion is so incomplete that it will be difficult to fix it without an exami-
nation of the type.

Esuris castanea, new species.

Castaneous, rather thickly grayish hirsute, subshining, with posterior mar-
gin of pronotum and corium paler. Membrane entirely missing. No veins on
the corium and clavus not differentiated. Head, pronotum and corium trans-

versely convex.

Head large not at all exserted. about as wide as the pronotum at posterior
margin, closely and coarsely punctured. Fore part of head very declivous,
with the tylus almost vertical. Two long seta; are placed next the eyes on the
lateral margins of head. Antenns pale ochraceous, unicolorous, short setose,
tasal joint attaining apex of head, second and fourth subequal. third a trifle
shorter. First joint of rostrum nearly reaching base of head. Pronotum with-
out a collar, anterior margin straight, the whole surface closely and coarsely
punctate, finely grayish hirsute ; the narrow posterior margin pale and almost
straight across. The pronotum is a trifle wider than long and is widest one
third of its length from the anterior margin, slightly narrowing posteriorly
to be ohtusely and very shallowly constricted one sixth its length from the

28 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

posterior margin : anterior lateral margins lightly carinated. Scutellum equi-
lateral, convex dorsally, color of pronotum, anteriorly at least, closely and
finely punctured. Hemelytra lighter castaneous and wider across than the pro-
notum, wider than the abdomen, with very narrow lateral margins .slightly
deflexed, at least anteriorly, over the connexivum. Line of meeting of the two
hemelytra straight, about twice as long as scutellum, posterior narrowly pale,
smooth margins very slightly oblique, with the interior angle obtuse, outer
obtuse angle reaching apex of fourth abdominal segment. Membrane entirely
absent. Corium and cla\us united. Veins of corium absent. Hemelytra pro-
vided with small, closely set punctures, arranged in linear series, each puncture
provided with a minute gray hair, making the whole surface appear minutely
hirsute. Abdomen dorsally shining, dark, castaneous. Connexivum reflexed,
unicolorous. Beneath castaneous, abdomen usually darker and more shining.
Pleural pieces finely and rather closely punctate. Femora castaneous. Tibije
and tarsi pale ochraceous. Anterior femora much thickened, armed beneath
with three or four small teeth. Length, J"s and 5's, 2 mm.

Described from ten males and twelve females collected by me
near the Huachuca Motintains, Ariz., where they were very common
under dried cow chips.

ARAPHE H. Schf.

Japetiis Distant, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhynch., I, 227, 1883.

After carefully Studying Distant's description of his genus Japctus
I am convinced that it is synonymus with Araphc H. Schf., for the
characters given by Distant do not generically differentiate this
genus. Furthermore, an examination of the new species, here de-
scribed, shows that it is closely related to /. spJucroidcs Dist. from
Guatemala and yet without any doubt belongs to the genus Araphc.

The United States species of this genus may readily be separated
by the following synoptic table:

Head, pronotum and legs long pilose.

Head and thorax coarsely punctate Carolina H. Schf.

Head and thorax impunctate, membrane wanting cicindcloidcs Walk.

Head and pronotum not hairy, head impunctate iniiiiclica n. sp.

Araphe mimetica, new species.

Black, much resembling A. cicindcloidcs Walk, but is considerably smaller.
Head and pronotum devoid of long pile but face provided with minute
appressed cinereous pubescence, with a few longer hairs at tip of tylus. Head
globose, impunctate, finely rugulose and seen from above not so convexed
behind the eyes as in cicindeloides, much wider than the pronotum. Rostrum
reaching fore coxae ; first segment as long as the ante-ocular part of head.
Antennae with two or three short setae at apex of joints, the first joint

OQ

,_. .an .e o.e. a., .ae.n, --.one. .e. . .e^ea., s^d^ .-
...L fourths the length of the «- ^ J th.d lon.^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^,,
a trifle longer than the second. J ^^l very finely closely appressed tomentose,
the anterior lobe g'^^-'.-^'^^l'tn Th, face The velvety black, flattened,
.cinereous pubescence ^-^^^1;;^^'^ ^^ T.^.^ anterior and scarcely widen
posterior lobe is about one half the ^"« ' ^^^^^ed at bottom and

The transverse furrow between ^^^ ^^ J;^";^';;;^,,^ gcutellun., clavus and
there provided with a f-.,-^"",^^^ rr.w. acute, impunctate. Coriun.
corium velvety black, not pUose S-teflmnna ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^.^

wider than the abdomen, wUh ^asa half and ext ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^.^

subcostal area with a row of -7^-7;^;;^7;,',,e band; tip of membrane
Wack, crossed at base with a broad ^^ -d J Connexivum

caching middle of fifth abdominal -^--; ;;XrsZ, symmetrically rounded,
.eflexed. Apex of male genital ^fll^^'^^'^Ll Pleural pieces, venter
Wings aborted. All beneath -^ ^^^ ^J;^^ ^,,,,,,,3 pubescence. Exte-
and legs with more or less ^^^^^^^^^ "^^^^^^ ,,iddle tarsi fulvopiceous.
.ior apical angle of metasternum -^ ^ J^;/^^^ ^..^ 3^,11 subapical teeth.
Fore femora thickened, provided with one

Alydus rufescens, new species. ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^,,^^

Relative proportions the same as a nar ow ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^

than that species, to which it is f^^^'ll^^full black. Posterior two thirds
anterior one third of ^-"-7^^: /t^ T^ th^^nk and provided with fine
.f p.onotum and hemelytra ^2;^^'^^^ J these parts suffused with
fuscous punctures and m the da e sp ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^

fuscous. Bronzy black beneath, -^^;^;7;^^^,^::^3,,,,ered hairs on the face;
the stigmata rufescent. "ead w ^ ^ ^^ ;^^^^^^_ ^^,^,„, ,, ,,e center over

transocular width "'^^ .^° f '^^'J , J^ply demarked collar of the prothorax.
twice the width longitudina ly of the sharp y ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ,^,

Rostrum and antenna simi ar to those o .^s finer and not so

<iistinctly impressed ^-";^J-;^;:;,Xle:;an, longitudinal black line run-
closely set as m ennnus and a narrow ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^

,ing from the ^^'-^^^^ f-";°7X" haTr, Humeral angles rounded, not
margin. Surface almost devoid of Pile or ha ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^

prominent. Scutellum velvety black -^^ an J , P^_^^^ f,j,,,,.brown, non-
punctures in the surface, more abundant ateral >^ .nembrane, which
"pilose, with its extended ^X\^^;^::J^^,l\Zorn.n dorsally bright red.

is sooty brown. Veins are but '^^l^^^^.^^ ,^,, ,,d thorax somewhat

with the sixth segment black. Beneath wii

30 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

shining, the former almost smooth ; the latter, for the most part, coarsely
punctate. Venter dull bronzy black, provided with scattering, pale, appressed
hairs, intermixed with which are some longer seta;. Lateral margins to
beyond the stigmata rufescent. Occasional specimens have traces of red on the
disc of the venter, especially anteriorly. Individuals also occur which have
the lateral rufescent band broken up, leaving a spot at each incisure, red.
Melanic individuals occur which have the pronotum and hemelytra infuscated
all over. Legs with femorse black, almost devoid of pile, a few short, stiff
hairs on the tibia;. Tibiae are pale except at extreme base and apex. Basal
two thirds of tarsi pale. About four long spines on the hind femora, with
two short, bkmt subapical teeth. Length of J', lo mm.; J, 1 1 mm.

Described from twenty-five males and five females collected by
me in tbe Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, in 1905. They were ob-
served on the hillside of a canyon, flying about among the dead leaves-
and on the bare ground beneath the stunted oak trees. They pre-
sented a very peculiar appearance as they flicked their wings, expos-
ing the bright red abdomen, and behaving very much as some of the
AIutillidK do.

I (2). Lateral margins of pronotum callosed, impunctate, pale. Humeral angles
of pronotum acute pilosiilus H. Schf.

2(1). Lateral margins of pronotum thinly impressed, rarely pale. Humeral
angles obtuse or rounded.

3 (4). Membrane pale, spotted with brown. Hairs sparse on the pronotum.

Scutellum velvety black, with smooth, callosed, rounded apex.

const^crsKS Mont^

4 (3). Membrane usually dark, not spotted with brown. Scutellum pale,

acute, not specially callosed.

5 (6). With nervures of membrane somewhat anastomosing. Hind

femora provided with a pale annulus before apex.

scutellalus \'an D.

6 (5). \\'ith nervures not anastomosing and but little branched.

7 (12). Pronotum coarsely punctate, usually black or bronze black
species.
8(ti). Abdomen beneath bronze black. Connexivum with pale
spots at incisures.

9 (10). Head, pronotum and legs furnished with rather

close set, long pile eiiriniis Say.

10 (9). Head, pronotum and legs furnished with shorter

and sparser hairs. Form more robust, pliito Uhl.
II (8). Abdomen beneath pale. Hind coxa; set further apart

than in eurinus setosiis Van Duz..

12 (7). Pronotum more finely punctate, fulvous brown. Abdomen be-
neath bronze black, with ventral margin, broadly rufescent^

riifescens n. sp.

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF IxONIDyE. 31

I have never seen specimens of Van Duzee's two species and the
diagnostic characters are taken from his description. A. pluto Uhl.,
if a distinct species, is difficult to characterize except with compari-
son to A. curinns. I have seen A. conspcrsus Mont, confused in col-
lections with Tolliiis curtiihis Stal, which I have taken at Kings-
bridge, N. Y.

A GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF THE ITONID^.

By E. p. Felt,
Albany, N. Y.

As there is no complete synopsis of this group, better known as
the Cecidomyiidae, extant we take this opportunity of presenting, in
a summary form, the results of our studies of American species,
many of the types of European genera and a close examination of
the literature describing other forms.

Subfamily Lestremiin^.
Small, dark brown or black species. Tarsi quinquearticulate, the
first segment longer than the second ; fourth vein usually present,
forked, or simple ; crossvein distinct ; antennae moderately developed
or greatly reduced; circumfili never present.

Tribe LESTREMINARIJE.
This tribe is distinguished from the following by the fourth vein
being forked.

Genus CATOCHA Halid. 1833, type C. latipes Halid.
Costa continuous and extending beyond the apex of the wing.
Antennae with ii or more segments, the second not plainly enlarged.
Synonyms: Fnrcincrva Rond. 1846 in part, Macrostyla Winn. 1846.
Europe, North America.

Genus LESTREMIA Macq. 1826, type L. cinerea Macq.
Costa not attaining the apex of the wing, practically disappearing
at its union with the third vein. Male with 16. female with 11 an-
tennal segments, the second not plainly enlarged. Synonyms : Ceci-
dogona Loew 1844; Furcincrva Rond. 1846 in part; Mimosciara Rond.
1846; Yposafora Rond. 1856; Molohrcea Rond. i860. Europe, North
and South America, Australia.

32 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

Genus MICROCERATA Felt 1908, type Micromyla corni Felt.
Antennre greatly reduced, only 8 to 10 segments, the second greatly
enlarged, globose, the two branches of the fourth vein nearly even.
North America.

Genus TRITOZYGA H. Lw. 1862, type T. sackcni n. sp.*
Male. — Antenna" short. 9 segments, the second ovate, the fourth with a
length a little greater than its diameter ; terminal segments compound, formed
by the fusing of three segments. Palpi probably quadriarticulate, the third
and fourth each with a length about four times its diameter. Wings as figured
by Loew. Tarsi quinquearticulate, the first longer than the second. Type in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Distinguished from the above by the asymmetrical branches of
the fourth vein. North America.

Genus LITHOMYZA Scudd. 1877, type L. cotdiia Scudd.
Fourth vein forked as in Lcstrcniia. Antenna; with 9 seginents.
A fossil form evidently having a close affinity to the two preceding
genera. Fossil, North America.

Tribe CAMPYLOMYZARIJE.
This tribe is separated from the preceding by the simple, nearly
obsolescent fourth vein or its absence.

Genus STROBLIELLA Kieff. 1897, type 5'. intermedia Kieff.
\\'ing"less, or if wings are present, the fifth vein simple. Claws
with long, parallel teeth, the pidvilli very short. Europe.

Genus WASMANIELLA Kieff. 1897, type W. aptcra Kieff.
Female wingless. Distinguished from the preceding genus by the
denticulate claws and the rudimentary or obsolescent pulvilli. Europe.

Genus JOANISSIA Kieff. 1894, type /. aurantiaca Kieff.
Third vein usually well separated from costa and frequently unit-
ing therewith at or beyond the apex; fourth vein present. Antennal
segments 14 in the male. 11 in the female, globose, stemmed and orna-
mented only with irregtilar whorls of long hairs. Palpi tri- or qttad-
riarticulate. Europe, North America.

Genus PEROMYIA Kieff. 1894, type P. leveillei Kieff'.
Distinguished from the above by the 14 antennal segments of the
male, the 13 in the female and the biarticulate palpi. The claws are
strongly bent and dilated subapically. Europe.

* Tritozyga sackeni, new species.

March. iQii.J FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E. 33

Genus MYCOPHILA, new genus, type M. fungicola, n. sp.*
Male. — Length, 0.6 mm. Antennas as long as the body, thickly haired,
fuscous yellowish ; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem one third the length of
the subcylindric basal enlargement, the latter with a length one half greater
than its diameter; subbasal whorl of setae short, scattering; subapical band
of sets long, curved. Palpi indistinct ; three ocelli. Mesonotum fuscous.
Scutellum, post-scutellum, pleurae and venter of abdomen reddish, the dorsal
sclerites a variable fuscous ; subcosta uniting with costa before the basal half,
the third vein a little before the apex ; fourth vein obsolete distally, fifth
forked. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs fuscous yellowish ; claws simple, pul-
villi rudimentary. Reared from mushrooms.
Type Cecid 1320, N. Y. State Museum.

Allied to JocDiissia Kieff. and Pcroiiiyia Kieff. Fourth vein rudi-
mentary, obsolete distally, the male with 12, the female with 9 an-
tennal segments, the flagellate segments cylindric, subsessile. North
America.

Genus TRICHOPTEROMYIA Will. 1896, type T. modesfa Will.
Location provisional ; distinguished from the two preceding genera
by the absence of the fourth vein. West Indies.

CERATOMYIA, new genus, type C. johaimscni, new species. t
Male. — Length, 1.5 mm. Antennae very short, composed of six segments,
the first obconic, the second greatly swollen, subglobose, both fuscous, the
remaining four segments a light fuscous yellowish, obpyriform, sparsely clothed
with irregular, stout setae, the third segment obpyriform, with a length a little
greater than its diameter, the fourth a little shorter, the fifth with a length
nearly three fourths greater than its diameter, the sixth produced, with a length
fully twice its diameter and tapering to a narrowly rounded apex; each seg-
ment with a stout, chitinous subapical process, those on the fifth and sixth
segments at least, greatly swollen basally and with a length nearly equal to
that of the segment. Palpi ; first segment greatly enlarged, pyriform, with a
length one half greater than its diameter, the second greatly produced, dilated
apically, with a length six times its diameter, the third less than one half the
length of the second, fusiform ; all sparsely haired. Mesonotum, scutellum and
post-scutellum apparently a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a
fuscous whitish, the genitalia yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa light brown,
subcosta uniting therewith near the basal third, the third vein, joined to the
distal fifth of the subcosta bj- a distinct cross-vein as in Micromyia, unites
with the margin of the wing at the apex, the fourth vein wanting, the fifth
uniting with the posterior margin near the distal third, its branch at the basal
fourth. Legs fuscous yellowish, the first tarsal segment with a length nearly

*Mycophila fungicola, new species.
t Ceratomyia johannseni, new species.

34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

equal to that of the two following relatively short, quadrate segments, the
fourth and fifth subquadrate ; claws slender, very strongly curved, simple, the
pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment long, tapering
slightly ; terminal clasp segment rather stout, with a length three times its
diameter, tapering distally, one apparently deformed and with a second rudi-
mentary terminal clasp segment ; dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded apically ;
ventral plate indistinct ; style triangular, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex.

Received from Ocotlan, Mexico, through Dr. O. A. Johannsen under date
of December 12, 191 0.

Type Cecid 1388, N. Y. State Museum.'

Allied to Micromyia Rond. on account of the greatly enlarged
second antennal segment, though easily separated therefrom by the
absence of the fourth vein. The latter character indicates a relation-
ship with TricJwpteromyia Will, from which it may be separated by
the greatly reduced antennae, with only six short, sessile segments.
North America.

Genus MICROMYIA Rond. 1840, type M. lucorum Rond.
Third vein uniting with costa before the apex. Antennae very
short, 10 or 11 segments in the male, 8 in the female, the second
greatly enlarged, the flagellate segments sessile in both sexes. Palpi
quadriarticulate. Europe.

Genus CAMPYLOMYZA Meig. 1818, type C. ftavipcs Meig.
Antennal segments not very short, the second not greatly enlarged,.
the male with 14, the female with 1 1-22 segments, the flagellate ones
ornamented with crenulate whorls or other structures more complex
than irregular whorls of simple hairs. Synonym: Nciirolyga Rond.
1846. Owing to the unsatisfactory characterization of the type spe-
cies, this genus is tentatively given supergeneric rank and the follow-
ing genera or subgenera separated therefrom. Europe, North America,.
Australia.

Genus PRIONELLUS Kieff. 1894, type Prionota pini Kieff.
Distinguished from forms having the general characters of Cam-
pylomyca by the more or less distinct subapical collar on the flagel-
late antennal segments and the denticulate claws, the pulvilli being
well developed. Synonym: Prionota Kiefif. Europe.

Genus APRIONUS Kieff. 1894, type Apriona bidcntata Kiefif.
Distinguished from the preceding genus by the simple claws and
the short or rudimentary pulvilli. Europe.

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E.

35

Genus MONARDIA Kieff. 1895, type M. stirpium Kieff.
Males with 14 or 16 stemmed antennal segments, females with
11-22. This genus is most easily recognized by the subapical whorls
of stemmed disks on the flagellate antennal segments, especially in
the females. The claws, according to Kieffer, have a minute, sub-
apical tooth. Europe, North America.

Genus BRYOMYIA Kieff. 1895, type B. bergrothi Kieff.
Distinguished from the preceding by the subapical reniform proc-
esses on the flagellate antennal segments. Claws bent at right angles,
dilated subapically. Europe.

Genus CORDYLOMYIA, new genus, type C. coprophila, new species.*
Male.— Length, 1.25 mm. Antennae with 14 segments, the fifth with a
stem three fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter
has a length about three fourths its diameter, a thick subbasal whorl of set»
and on the apical half, three crenulate whorls, the distal two rudimentary;
apically an irregular group of short, stout, curved, chitinous spines. Palpi quadri-
articulate. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and abdomen brown. Claws
strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Basal and terminal
clasp segments stout, the latter swollen near the middle. Dorsal plate short,
broadly rounded. Harpes apically with five or six stout, recurved spines.

Female.— Length, i mm. Antennal segments 11, the fifth subsessile, with
a length one fourth greater than its diameter ; subbasal whori sparse, the sub-
' apical band of setre short, scattering. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes
probably triarticulate.

Type Cecid 890, N. Y. State Museum.

Antennal segments 11 or 12 in the female, 14 in the male, the
flagellate segments bearing subapical, frequently thick whorls of short,
stout, occasionally recurved spines. North x\merica.

Genus CORINTHOMYIA, new genus, type Campylomysa hirsuta Felt.

Antennal segments 14 in the male. Distinguished from preceding
forms by the series of subequal whorls of stout, curved setae on the
subsessile flagellate antennal segments. Pulvilli as long as the claws.
North America.

Subfamily Heteropezin^.

A small group of peculiar forms, some being most remarkable on
account of the great degree of specialization by reduction. The meta-
tarsus is usually longer than the following segments. There are at
*Cordylomyia coprophila, new species.

36 JouRXAi. Xew Vokk Exto.mological Society. [Vol. xix.

least tlirt'C long veins, the cross-vein is wanting in most forms, the
circumfili are absent.

Genus MEUNIERIA Kieff. 1904, type M. succiui, new name proposed for the
Miastor dit succiii of Meunier.*

An Amber form with quadriarticulate tarsi, the metatarsus being
longer than the second segment; three long veins; palpi quadri-
articulate. Location ])rovisional.

Genus PAL^OSPANIOCERA Meun. 1901.
This name was proposed without indication of type for an amber
species having three simple, long veins, the third simple, the tarsi
quadriarticulate, the metatarsus longer than the second segment. An-
tennae with 13 segments; palpi triarticulate. Body ovoid, elongate, the
thorax slightly gibbous, the ovipositor with a conspicuous lobe. Ap-
parently related to Mcimicria Kieff. and Miastor Mein.

Genus MIASTOR Mein. 1864, type M. mctraloas Mein.
Distinguished from the preceding by the biarticulate palpi. Eu-
rope, North America, South America, Australia.

Genus NEOSTENOPTERA Meun. 1901, type Stcnoptcra kicfferi Meun.

Wing very long, slender, with only one long vein and remarkable
liecause of the long fringes. Tarsi quadriarticulate, the metatarsus
longer than the second segment; palpi invisible. Apparently related
to Miastor Mein., though easily separated therefrom by alar characters.

Genus HETEROPEZA Winn.t 1846, type H. pygmcra Winn.
Tarsi triarticulate, the metatarsus longer than the second; two
long veins; the antennal segments cylindric. Europe, Australia.

Genus MONODICRANA H. Lw. 1850, type M. tcrminalis Kieff.
This amber species may be separated from the preceding by the
globose antennal segments. Location provisional.

* 1901, Meunier, Fernand. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 2d part, 28: 191.

t Messrs. Kunstler and Chaine in Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des
Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologic, 1902, vol. 54, p. 535, give the
characters of a form reared from bananas as follows: Tarsi biarticulate, the
first segment longer than the second ; wings with two or three long veins, the
two first branched ; palpi (juadriarticulate. It was referred to the Heterope-
zinse, though no name was proposed and is presumably related to Heteropesa
Winn, and Monodicrami H. Lw.

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF IxONID.^. 37

Genus HAPLUSIA Karsch 1877, type H. phuuipcs Karsch.
Tarsi quinquearticulate, the metatarsus shorter than the second
segment; wing membrane finely haired, the fifth vein forked, the
third extending to the apex of the wing; palpi quadriarticulate.
South America.

Genus TETRADIPLOSIS Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type T. sexdcntaius
Kieff. & Jorg.
Apparently allied to the preceding and easily separated therefrom
by the plainly bidentate claws. South America.

Genus JOHNSONOMYIA Felt 1908, type /. rubra Felt.
Separated from the preceding form by the simple fifth vein, the
sixth wanting. The palpi are quadriarticulate. North America.

Genus CHASTOMERA Skuse 1888, type C. bella Skuse.
This genus appears to be closely related to J ohnsonomyia Felt,
though easily separated therefrom by the pyriform flagellate antennal
segments. It is remarkable because of the third vein being widely
distant from subcosta, which latter is connected therewith at its
distal fourth, the fifth vein simple. Australia.

Genus NECROPHLEBIA Skuse 1888, type N. volitans Skuse.
Appears to be closely related to the preceding, though the third
vein is much nearer subcosta, the latter being united therewith near
its basal third; antennal segments 14, the flagellate cylindric, with a
stem one half the length of the basal enlargement. Australia.

Genus MEINERTOMYIA, new name, type Pero fasciata Mein.
A small form distinguished from the preceding by the triarticulate
palpi and the third vein not extending to the apex of the acuminate
wings. Synonym: Pero Mein. 1870, preoccupied by Pero H. Schf.
Europe.

Genus LEPTOSYNA Kieff. 1894, type L. acutipennis Kieff.
Separated from the two preceding genera by the uniarticulate
palpi. Wings acute apically. Europe, North America.

Genus FRIRENIA Kieff. 1894, type F. tenella Kieff.
Three long simple veins, the third disappearing before the tip of
the wing; wing membrane finely haired; palpi biarticulate. Europe.

38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

Genus EPIMYIA, new genus, type E. Carolina, new species.*
Male. — Length, i mm. Antennse sparsely haired, nearly black; probably
14 segments, the fifth with a stem one fourth the length of the subcylindric
basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one half times its diam-
eter and a sparse basal whorl of stout setae. Palpi triarticulate. Head, meso-
notum and abdomen dark brown, the basal segment of the latter fuscous yel-
lowish. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with costa at the distal fourth,
the simple fifth at the basal half. Halteres fuscous. Legs dark brown ; claws
simple, the pulvilli about two thirds the length of the claws. Genitalia : basal
clasp segment stout, truncate, the ventral angle produced, setose ; terminal
clasp segment irregular, apically with a long, recurved spine ; dorsal plate
deeply and roundly emarginate, the internal angles of the lobes produced, re-
curved, acute : ventral plate long, narrow, broadly and roundly emarginate,
the lobes produced and tapering to an obtuse, sparsely setose apex.
Type Cecid ai62i, X. Y. State Museum.

Readily separated from the preceding gentis by the triarticulate
palpi. North America.

Genus LEDOMYIELLA Meun. 1904, type L. succini Meun.
An amber species with the wing membrane scaled, the fifth vein
forked; tarsi qtiinquearticulate, the metatarsus shorter than the
second segment; palpi quadriarticulate.

Genus BRACHYNEURA Rond. 1846, type B. fuscogrisea Rond.
Distinguished from the preceding by the three simple long veins
and the triarticulate palpi. Europe, North America, Australia.

Genus OLIGARCES Mein. 1865, type O. paradoxus Alein.
Small species, easily separated from other allies by the biarticidate
tarsi. Europe and North .America.

Subfamily Itonidin.e.
A group comprising by far the larger number of species and in-
cluding practically all of the gall-making forms. Metatarsus always
shorter than the following segment, the wings with three or four
long veins; circumfili present.

Tribe EPIDOSARIJE.
A distinct cross-vein uniting the third vein and subcosta and
usually parallel with costa suffices to distinguish members of this
group.

*Epimyia Carolina, new species.

March, 1911.] Felt: Generic Synopsis of Itonid^.

39

Genus WINNERTZIA Rond. i85o, type Asynapta lugubris Winn.
Four long veins, the fifth simple, the sixth free, the cross-vein
forming a considerable angle with costa. Antennal segments 13 or
14, the circumfili in both sexes forming horseshoe-like structures on
opposite faces of each segment. Synonym: ClinorhisaK\efi. Europe,
North America, South America, Australia.

Genus GONIOCLEMA Skuse 1888, type G. paiixillula Skuse.
Apparently closely allied to the preceding genus and separable
therefrom by the fifth vein being obsolete basally and apically.
Australia.

Genus DIALLACTES Kieff. 1894, type D. croceus Kieff.
A large form easily separated from the preceding by the fifth vein
arising from the third vein near the cross-vein. Europe.

Genus BRYOCRYPTA Kieff. 1896, type B. dnbia Kieff.
Three long veins, the cross-vein oblique, the fifth forked, close
to the posterior margin and uniting therewith near the basal half.
The wings are not very long and narrow and the terminal clasp seg-
ment is short. Europe.

Genus DIDACTYLOMYIA, new genus, type Colpodia longimana Felt.
Easily distinguished from the preceding by the fifth vein not being
close to the posterior margin and uniting therewith near the distal
fourth. The terminal clasp segment is greatly produced and slender.
North America.

Genus LIEBELIOLA Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type L.,prosopidts
Kieff. & Jorg.
Provisionally placed next Didactylontyia from which it is easily
separated by the presence of a supernumerary vein at the base of
subcosta and the simple claws ; ovipositor short. South America.

Genus COLOMYIA Kieff. 1891, type C. clavata Kieff.
Antennal segments 21 in the male, the fifth with a stem one half
longer than the basal enlargement; female antennae with 30 to 31
segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement;
palpi biarticulate. Separated from the two preceding genera by the
simple fifth vein. Europe.

40 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [\'oi. xix.

Genus PALEOCOLPODIA Meun. 1904, type P. eocenica Meun.
Antcnnal segments 16, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal
enlargement. Wings long, narrow, cross-vein at ahnost right angles
to costa, the fifth vein simple, the sixth wanting. Amber.

Genus COLPODIA Winn. 1853, type C. angustipennis Winn.
Small species with extremely long, slender wings. Distinguished
from the preceding genus by the forked fifth vein. Europe, North
America, Australia.

Genus ASYNAPTA H. Lw. 1850, type Cecidomyia longicoUis H. Lw.

Cross-vein nearly parallel with costa; four long veins, the fifth
simple, the sixth free. Antennal segments 16 or more; pulvilli single,
longer than the claws. Europe, North America, Australia.

Genus CLINORHYTIS Kieff. 1896, type C. fiavitarsis Kieff.
Distinguished from the preceding genus by the 14 antennal seg-
ments, the three pulvilli being shorter than the claws. Europe, North
America, Australia.

Genus RUEBSAAMENIA Kieff. 1894, type Asyuapta pectoralis Winn.

Antennal segments of male probably 16, the fifth with a stem
one half the length of the basal enlargement; the female with numer-
ous sessile antennal segments, each with a length about equal to its
diameter. Palpi quadriarticulate ; ovipositor as long as the body.
Venation as in the two preceding genera, from which it is distin-
guished by the abdomen being recurved dorsally. Europe.

Genus DICERURA Kieff. 1897, type D. scirpicola Kieff.
Venation similar to that of Asynapta H. Lw. except that the fifth
vein is obsolete basally. Antennal segments 16, the fifth of the male
with a stem one half longer than the basal enlargement. Palpi quad-
riarticulate. Ovipositor of the female short, biarticulate. Svnonym :
Iridomyza Riibs. 1899. Europe.

Genus PORRICONDYLA Rond. 1840, type Cecidomyia albitarsis Meign.
Three long veins, the fifth forked. Antennal segments greatly
produced in both sexes, 12-16; palpi quadriarticulate. Synonyms:
Epidosis H. Lw. 1850; Dicroiiciinis Kieff. 1895. Europe, North
America, Australia.

March, I9I1.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF IxONID.E. 41

Genus CAMPTOMYIA Kieff. 1894, type C. binotata Kieff.
Separated from the preceding genus by the slender abdomen, the
distal segments being recurved dorsally. Europe, North America.

Genus DIRHIZA H. Lw. 1850, type Cecidomyia lateritia H. Lw.
Antennal segments 14, the fifth of the male having a stem one
fourth the length of the basal enlargement. Wing venation as in
Porricondyla. Separated from the two preceding genera by the anten-
nae not being greatly produced in both sexes. Europe, North America.

Genus LOPEZIELLA Tav. 1908, type L. combreti Tav.
Antennal segments 14, the fifth with a length about four times its
diameter, distinctly constricted near the basal and distal thirds and
ornamented with sparse whorls of short setae. Ovipositor short, con-
ical ; venation as in Porricondyla. Separated from the three preced-
ing genera by the triarticulate palpi. Africa.

Genus LOPESIA Tav. 1908, type L. parinarii Tav.
Venation as in Porricondyla. Antennal segments 14, binodose,
easily recognized by the long loops of the circumfili like those in the
Itonidinariae. South America.

Genus ALLODIPLOSIS Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type A. crassus
Kieff. & Jorg.

Antennal segments 14, binodose, the circumfili scarcely reaching
the following node, easily separated from the preceding by the uniar-
ticulate palpi. South America.

Genus HOLONEURUS Kieff. 1894, type Holoneura cincta Kiefif.
Venation as in Porricondyla except that the fifth vein is simple,
the sixth wanting. Antennal segments 12 to over 20. Synonym:
Holoneura Kieff. Europe, North America.

Tribe LASIOPTERARI.E.
Members of this and the following tribes have no distinct cross-
vein imiting the third vein with subcosta. In this tribe costa is thickly
scaled and the third vein usually very close to the anterior margin of
the wing. Antennal segments sessile, cylindric, not produced. Claws
almost invariably toothed. Comprises a large number of usually
brown and white marked species living for the most part in stem
galls on woody or herbaceous plants or in the peculiar leaf blister galls.

42 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

Genus STEFANIELLA Kieff. 1897, type S. atrit^licis Kieff.
Subcosta and third vein very near costa ; the third and fourth
antennal segment.s not coalescing, separated by at lea.st a rudimentary
constriction. Palpi biarticulate, the claws toothed or simple. Europe.

Genus APLONYX Perez 1908, type A. chcuopodii Perez.
Separated from the preceding genus by the uniarticulate palpi and
from the following genus by the mouth-jjarts not being produced and
the simple claws. Europe.

Genus BALDRATIA Kieff. 1897, type B. salicornia: Kieff.
Allied to the two preceding genera though easily separated there-
from by the uniarticulate palpi and the distinctly produced mouth-
parts. Europe.

Genus LASIOPTERA Meign. 1818, type Cecidomyia albipcnnis Meign.

Venation as in the preceding genera, the third and fourth antennal
segments coalescing or closely fused, the pulvilli well developed;
palpi tri- or quadriarticulate; three long veins, the fifth forked some
distance from its base. Synonym : Diomyza Westw. Europe, Africa,
North and .South America, Australia.

Genus NEOLASIOPTERA Felt 1908, type Lasioptcra viti>iea Felt.
Separated from the preceding genus by the four simple, long
veins, the sixth arising from the base of the wing. North America.

Genus MEUNIERIELLA Kieff. 1905, type M. dalcchampia: Rubs.
This genus appears to be closely related to, if not identical with
Lasioptcra Meign. Synonym: Mcimcria Riibs., not Kieffer. South
America.

Genus ASTEROMYIA Felt 1910, type Lasioptcra carbonifera Felt.
Venational and antennal characters similar to those of Lasioptcra.
Separated therefrom by the uni- or biarticulate palpi. North America.

Genus CLINORHYNCHA H. Lw. 1850, type Lasioptcra chrysanthemi H. Lw.
Wmation nearly as in Lasioptcra; antennal segments 10-13, easily
recognized by the greatly produced mouth-parts and the prolonged
thorax. Europe, North America.

Genus ACORHYNCHUS Rond. 1846, type A. lougicollis Rond.
This genus possesses all the characters of the preceding except

March. .911.] Felt: Generic Synopsis of Itonid^. 43

that the fifth vein has been described as simple. Clinorhyncha H. Lw.
is probably a synonym. Europe.
Genus CAMPTONEUROMYIA Felt 1908, type Dasyneura virginica Felt.
The third vein widely separated from costa and strongly arched,
it and the body not very thickly clothed with scales; antennal seg-
ments sessile in both sexes. North America.

Genus TROTTERIA Kieff. 1892, type Lasioptera obtusa H. Lw.
Third vein widely separated from costa, it and the body thickly
clothed with shining scales; easily distinguished from other members
of the tribe by the produced first antennal segment, the latter with a
length about three times its diameter. Synonym : Choristoneura Riibs.
1892. preoccupied. Europe, North America.

Tribe DASYNEURIARIM.
A large group, the members being easily separated from the pre-
ceding tribe by the almost uniform absence of scales on costa and
the third vein always well separated therefrom. The antennse are
cylindric, never binodose in the male, while the claws are invariably
toothed; antennal segments from 12 to over 20; palpi uni- to quadri-
articulate. Many of the species produce stem or bud galls.
Genus RHABDOPHAGA Westw. 1847, type Cecidomyia viminalis Westw.

Usually large forms with 14 or more antennal segments, the
flagellate ones of the male stemmed. Separated from the following
genus by the third vein being straight, usually tapering distally and
uniting with costa very near or at the wing apex. Synonyms:
Dichelomyia Rubs. 1892, in part; Bcrtieria Kieff. 1896, in part. Eu-
rope, North America.

Genus DASYNEURA Rond. 1846, type D. luteofnsca Rond.
Distinguished from the preceding by the third vein being straight
or curved anteriorly, tapering but little distally and uniting with costa
distinctly before the apex of the wing. The wings are hyaline, the
membrane not scaled, the female ovipositor long, sometimes longer
than the body and the circumfili not greatly produced. Synonyms:
Perrisia Rond. 1846; Dichelomyia Riibs. 1892, in part; Bertieria
Kieff. 1896, in part, and Neocerata Coq. 1900. Europe, North America,
Australia.

44 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix..

Genus LASIOPTERYX Westw. 1840, type L. obfuscala Meign.
Wings fuscous, the membrane scaled, the female ovipositor shorty
the circumfili strongly produced in the male much as in Bremia.
Synonyms: Diomyza Shin. 1864; Lepidomyia Kieff. 1894; Lcdomyia
Kieff. 1895. Europe, North America.

Genus ARNOLDIA Kieff. 1895, type Cecidomyia quercus Binn.
Antennal segments 12 to 13, sessile; palpi quadriarticulate. Sepa-
rated from the following genus by the sessile antennal segments and
nearly straight third vein uniting with costa near the apex. Synonym :
Janetia Kieff. 1896. Europe.

Genus NEUROMYIA, new genus, type Anwldia minor Felt.

Antennal segments 11 or 12. the fifth of the male with a stem'
three fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement. Distin-
guished from the preceding genus by the third vein being strongly
curved and uniting with costa at the distal fourth and the stemmed
antennal segments in the male. North America.

Genus MACROLABIS Kieff. 1892, type Cecidomyia pilosella Binn.

Antennal segments 11 to 12, rarely 13-14, sessile or subsessile;
palpi quinquearticulate; ovipositor as long as the body. Separated
from the two preceding genera by the very stout basal clasp segment
of the male. Europe.

Genus DRYOMYIA Kieff. 1897, type D. circinans Giraud.
Wing venation nearly as in the three preceding genera. Antennal
segments 18-20: palpi triarticulate. Europe, North America.
Genus CYSTIPHORA Kieff. 1892, type C. pilosellcc Kieft".
Antenna with 13 or 14 antennal segments, the fifth of the male
with a stem as long as the cylindric basal enlargement. Female an-
tennal segments sessile or subsessile ; palpi triarticulate; ovipositor
basally stout, retractile, the distal portion chitinized, broad basally^
acute apically. Europe, North America.

Genus RHIZOMYIA Kieff. 1897, type R. perplcxa Kieff.
Antennal segments 12, the fifth of the male with a stem as long:
as the cylindric basal enlargement, those of the female subsessile;
palpi triarticulate; terminal clasp segment of the male very long,
slender, the ovipositor short, lobed. Synonym: Coccomorpha RUbs,
1899. Europe, North America.

March, 191 1.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF IxONID^. 45

Genus DIARTHRONOMYIA Felt 1908, type D. artemisics Felt.
Antennal segments i8, the flagellate ones stemmed in both sexes;
palpi biarticulate ; claws minutely unidentate. Separated from the
preceding genera by the greatly reduced palpi and from the follow-
ing genus by the more ninnerous antennal segments. North America.

Genus COCCIDOMYIA, new genus, type C. pcnnsylvanica, new species.*

Male. — Length, 1.25 mm. Antenns with 12 segments, the third and fourth
fused, the fifth with a stem three fourths the length of the subcylindric basal
•enlargement. Palpi : first segment short, stout, the second a little longer, nar-
rowly oval. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and post-scutellum fuscous
yellowish. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly setose. Genitalia fuscous yel-
lowish. Wings : subcosta uniting with costa at the basal third, the third vein
just before the apex ; the fifth indistinct distally, forks near its apex and joins
the posterior margin just beyond the basal half, its branch near the basal third.
Halteres and legs probably fuscous yellowish ; claws unidentate.

Female. — Length, 1.5 mm. Antennal segments 12, the fifth with a stem
one third the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement. Palpi biarticulate.
Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and post-scutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdo-
men reddish brown, sparsely setose ; ovipositor short.

Reared from young Lecaniuni scales.

Type Cecid 938, N. Y. State Museum.

Antennal segments 12, the flagellate ones in both sexes stemmed;
palpal segments biarticulate, the third vein uniting with costa at or
very near the apex. North America.

Genus GUAREPHILA Tav. 1909, type G. albida Tav.
Allied to Diarthronomyia Felt, froiu which it is separated by the
uniarticulate palps and the trifid claws. Antennal segments 17 or
18, the flagellate ones subsessile. Africa.

Tribe OLIGOTROPHIARIM.
The third vein in this tribe is well separated from the anterior
margin, the antennal segments are short, cylindric, usually stemmed
in the male and the claws are simple, this latter serving to differen-
tiate the species from the preceding tribe.

Genus PHYTOPHAGA Rond. 1840, type Cccidomyia destructor Say.

Antennal segments 12 to over 20, the flagellate ones stemmed in
the male, usually sessile in the female ; palpi quadriarticulate. Distin-
guished from the following by the third vein uniting with costa at
the apex of the wing. Synonyms: Mayetia Kieff. 1896, Mayctiola
Kieff. 1896, Poomyia Riibs. 1910. Europe, North America.

* Coccidomyia pennsylvanica, new species.

46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

Genus MIKIOLA Kieff. 1896, type Cccidomyia fagi Hart.
Antennal segments 22 to 24, the flagellate ones stemmed in the
male, subsessile in the female ; palpi quadriarticulate. Venation similar
to that of Phvtophaga rigidcv, closely related to, if not identical with
Phyiophaga. Europe.

Genus JANETIELLA Kieff. 1897, type /. thymi Kieff.
The third vein unites with costa well before the apex of the wing,,
a character separating it from the preceding genus. Antennal seg-
ments 12 to 16, the flagellate ones stemmed in the male, subsessile in
the female ; palpi quadriarticulate. Europe, North America, South
America.

Genus OLIGOTROPHUS Latr. 1805, type Tipula juniperina Linn.
A large form with 20 antennal segments, the flagellate ones
stemmed in the male, sessile in the female; palpi probably quadri-
articulate, though Kieffer states that these organs are triarticulate, a
condition true of the American forms provisionally referred to this
genus. Specimens of this type species in the British Museum, iden-
tified by Winnertz, have the general appearance of Phytophaga rigid(C,
Europe, North America, South America.

Genus LYCIOMYIA Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type L. gracilis Kieff. & Jorg.

Antennae of female with 17 segments, remarkable because of the
five or six slightly looped circumfili on the flagellate segments, the
fifth cylindric, with a length about 2j/< times its diameter and with
a short stem. Palpi triarticulate. South America.

Genus ULEIA Riibs. 1905, type U. clKsitr Riibs.
Antennal segments 22 to 25, the flagellate ones with a short stem.
Closely related to the preceding genera and separated therefrom by
the bi- or triarticulate palpi and the thickly scaled legs. South
America.

Genus RHOPALOMYIA Riibs. 1892, type Oligotrophus tanaceticola Karsch.
Antennal segments 12 to over 20, the flagellate ones stemmed in
the male, usually subsessile in the female; palpi uni- or biarticulate ;
terminal clasp segment of the male short, stout, fusiform; ovipositor
of the female fleshy, at least moderately long, not enlarged ; terminal
lobes rather short and stout. Europe, North America, South America.

March, I9II.] FeLT : GeNERIC SyNOPSIS OF Itonid.e. 47

Genus PSECTROSEMA Kieff. 1904, type P. tamarids D. Stef.
With the characters of Rhopalomyia except that the lateral lobes
of the pulvilli are longer than the median one. Europe.

Genus SACKENOMYIA Felt 1908, type Oiigotrophus acerifolius Felt.

Antennal segments 12 to over 20, the flagellate ones subsessile or
sessile; palpi biarticulate. Distinguished from allied forms by the
short ovipositor of the female, the terminal portion chitinous, cultri-
form. North America.

Genus WALSHOMYIA Felt 1908, type W. juniperina Felt.
Antennal segments 18 or 19, the flagellate ones of the male
stemmed; palpi uniarticulate; ovipositor of the female short, trian-
gular, the terminal clasp segment of the male distinctly produced, not
fusiform. North America.

Tribe ASPHONDYLIARI^.
Large, mostly heavy bodied insects with long, cylindric, sessile
antennal segments, the latter without whorls of long hairs ; claws
simple. One group of genera is peculiar for the most part because
of the great reduction in the palpal segments and the highly special-
ized, aciculate ovipositor. The other group shows no reduction in
the palpi but a high degree of specialization in the circumfili and rela-
tively small modification of the ovipositor. The species live mostly
in bud or leaf galls.

Genus ZALEPIDOTA Riibs. 1908, type Z. piperis Rubs.
Palpi uniarticulate, legs and wings thickly scaled; the third vein
unites with costa at the apex of the wing, the subcostal cell being
remarkably broad and with a rudimentary vein spur at its base.
South America.

Genus BRUGGMANNIELLA Tav. 1909, type B. braziliensis Tav.
The subcostal cell is opaque, not remarkably broad and there is
no rudimentary vein spur at its base. The basal portion of the ovi-
positor is dilated apically. South America.

Genus ASPHONDYLIA H. Lw. 1850, type Cecidomyia sarothamni H. Lw.

Antennal segments 14, the flagellate sessile, cylindric, the distal

ones in the female reduced; palpi uni- to triarticulate ; subcostal cell

not opaque; terminal clasp segment of the male genitalia bidentate;

48 JouRXAi. Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

ovipositor of the female with the distal portion aciculate. Synonyms:
Phyllophoga Rond. 1856; Cylindroccra Lioy 1863. Europe, Africa,
North America, South America, Australia.

Genus DAPHNEPHILA Kieff. 1905, type D. haasi Kieff.

Fourteen antennal segments as in Asphondylia, those of the male
successively shorter distally, the apical segment in the female greatly
reduced ; palpi tri- or quadriarticulate ; terminal clasp segment of
male bidentate ; ovipositor of the female short, thick, composed of
two conic, apposed plates, apparently intermediate in structure be-
tween Asphondylia and Schizomyia. Asia.

Genus ACROECTASIS Riibs. 1910, type A. maura Rubs.

Separated from the preceding genera by the third vein uniting
with costa at the distal fourth; antennal segments 12, the flagellate
ones cylindric, with relatively high circumfili : paljji triarticulate.
Europe.

Genus SCHIZOMYIA Kieff. 1889, type i". galiomm Kieff.

Antennal segments 14, sessile or subsessile, the flagellate ones in
the male with remarkably stout and elevated circumfili ; palpi quadri-
articulate, the basal clasp segment lobed distally; antennal segments
in the female nuich as in Asphondylia, the apical portion of the ovi-
positor aciculate. Synonym: Kieff cria ]\Iik 1895. Euro])e, North
America, Africa.

Genus POLYSTEPHA Kieff. 1897, type P. qnercus Kieff.

Antennal segments 14, subsessile, cylindric, the flagellate ones with
numerous tortuous, transverse, low circumfili; palpi quadriarticulate;
terminal clasp segment of the male with a chitinous spur and a series
of small spines. Europe.

Genus CINCTICORNIA Felt 1908, type Asphondylia transversa Felt,
Closely allied to the preceding, the male being distinguished there-
from by the transversely and evenly serrate spur of the terminal clasp
segment and the low, regular circumfili. Female w'ith 14 antennal
segments, the flagellate ones w'ith two to six transverse, anastomosing
circumfili ; ovipositor stout and tapering to subacute, minute lobes.
North America.

Genus ULEELLA Riibs, 1908, type U. dalbcrgiw Riibs.
Erected for an Itonidid larva with a remarkable tail-like, elongate

March, 19 1 1.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E. 49

anal segment and a circular, oval or angulate anal orifice with its
long axis transverse or at right angles to the median line; ventral
surface with disk-shaped pads or folds. South America.

Tribe ITONIDINARL^.
The more characteristic members of this tribe are easily distin-
guished by the long, thickly haired antennae with 14, rarely 12 or
more segments, the flagellate segments of the male usually binodose
and with two or three circumfili, the latter usually with greatly pro-
duced loops ; palpi uni- to quadriarticulate ; claws simple or toothed.
A very large tribe, including many diverse forms.

Group BiFiLi.
This group is easily recognized by the presence of but two cir-
cumfili on the flagellate antennal segments of the male, the nodes
being equal or nearly so.

Genus AMETRODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type Clinodiplosis thalictricola Riibs.
Separated from all other genera in the bifili group by the proxi-
mal antennal segments of the male being binodose, the distal segments
with but one node. Europe.

Genus LOBOPTEROMYIA Felt 1908, type Contarinia filicis Felt.
Antennal segments 14, the basal portion of the stem on the flagel-
late segments of the male rarely with a length equal to its diameter;
palpi quadriarticulate, easily recognized by the wings with the pos-
terior area greatly produced and broadly rounded. North America.

Genus EROSOMYIA, new genus, type E. mangifera, new species.*
Male. — Length, 0.8 mm. Antennae about twice the length of the body,
thickly haired, light yellowish brown; 14 segments, the fifth having the basal
portion of the stem with a length about three fourths its diameter, the distal
part with a length three and one half times its diameter, the enlargements sub-
globose, each with a sparse subbasal whorl of setie and a well developed sub-
apical circumfilum, the loops of the latter extending nearly to the middle of
the following enlargement ; terminal segment with the distal enlargement ovate
and apically with a short, stout, tapering process. Palpi : first segment irregu-
larly subquadrate, the second a little longer, stouter, the third one half longer
than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than
the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the yellowish submedian lines sparsely
hairedv Scutellum and post-scutellum yellowish. Abdomen a nearly uniform
yellowish. Wings hyaline, broad, the anal angle somewhat produced. Costa

*Erosomyia mangiferae, new species.

50 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoL xix.

light brown, the stout third vein uniting with tlie margin just beyond the apex,
the fifth vein forked. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly a yellowish
straw, the tarsi somewhat darker ; claws slender, strongly curved, with a long
tooth basally ; pulvilli small, about one third the length of the claws. Genitalia :
basal clasp segment slender, strongly curved, obtusely lobed basally ; terminal
clasp segment rather stout, tapering ; dorsal plate broad, broadly and roundly
emarginate ; ventral plate rather long, broad, broadly emarginate. both sparsely
setose : style long, slender, tapering.

Female. — Length, i mm. Antenn;e nearly as long as the body, sparsely
haired, dark brown : 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one third the length
of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its
diameter and sparse subbasal and subapical whorls of set;e : terminal segment
slightly reduced, with a short, obtuse process apically ; pulvilli nearly as long
as the strongly toothed claws. Ovipositor stout, with a length about one half
that of the abdomen, the terminal lobes broadly ovate and thickly setose.
Other characters nearly as in the male.

Exuvice. — Length. 0.5 mm., stout, whitish ; thoracic horns long, stout, taper-
ing ; antennal cases e.xtending to the second abdominal segment, the wing cases
to the fourth abdominal segment and the leg cases almost to the ape.x of the
body : skin apparently smooth.

Larva.- — Length, 3 mm., whitish, stout, the extremities rounded ; breast-
bone bidentate, the teeth large, triangular, the shaft transparent.

Reared by W. H. Pattersons, St. Vincent, W. L, from presumably blister
galls on very young leaves of Mangifera indica.

Type Cecid 3.2117. N. Y. State Museum.

Allied to Loboptcromyia Felt by the broad wings with the some-
what produced anal angle and the short basal portion of the stem in
the flagellate antennal segments of the male. Easily recognized by
the distinctly toothed claws, a character rarely appearing in the
group bifili. South America.

Genus THURAUIA Riibs. 1899, type T. aqualica Riibs.
Easily distinguished from the preceding by the long antennal stems,
the basal one of the fifth antennal segment with a length three times
its diameter. The wings are greatly produced, narrow, with a length
at least three times the width. The female has the distal portion of
the ovipositor greatly produced and chitinized. Europe.

Genus ENDAPHIS Kieff. 1896, type E. perfidus Kiefif,
Allied to Contar'uiia. though easily separated therefrom by the
narrow scales on the wing membrane and the tooth-like dorsal pro-
longation of the first antennal segment. Ovipositor of the female
short, the lobes long, slender. Europe, North America. South .America.

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E. 61

Genus CONTARINIA Rond. i860, type Tipula loli DeG.

Separated from the preceding by the absence of scales on the
wings and the lack of a dorsal tooth on the first antennal segment.
Costa is interrupted at its union with the third vein. The lobes of
the dorsal plate taper strongly and are subacute. The ovipositor is
long and filiform. Synonyms: Eudiplosis Kieff. 1894; Sficfodiplosis
Kieff. 1894. Europe, Africa, North America.

Genus SYNDIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type 5". ivinncrtzi Rubs.

Separated from Contarinia by the third antennal segment not
being abnormally prolonged and the flagellate segments being succes-
sively shorter distally. The pulvilli are as long or longer than the
claws. Europe.

Genus THECODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1895, type Cecidomyia brachyntera Schw.
Separated from Contarinia by costa not being interrupted at its
union with the third vein; the lobes of the ventral plate hardly taper
and are rounded apically. The ovipositor is rather stout. Europe,
North America.

Genus STEPHODIPLOSIS Tav. 1908, type 5". liimtecc Tav.
Distinguished at once from all other bifili by the 12 antennal seg-
ments; palpi quadriarticulate, the third vein uniting with costa well
beyond the apex ; dorsal and ventral plates bilobed. Ovipositor fili-
form, very long. Africa.

Genus DENTIFIBULA Felt 1908, type Contarinia viburni Felt.
Easily distinguished from the preceding genera by the triarticulate
palpi and the basal clasp segment with its conspicuous triangular
process apically, the terminal clasp segment being therefore subapical ;
claws simple, strongly curved, about as long as the pulvilli. North
America.

Genus ZEUXIDIPLOSIS Kieff. 1904, type Z. giardiana Kieff.
Palpi triarticulate, basal clasp segment with no distinct process
apically ; pulvilli longer than the stout, evenly curved claws, the
third and fourth antennal segments nearly free, the basal and distal
stems of the fifth segment with a length twice and thrice their diam-
eters, respectively ; ovipositor short. Europe.

Genus STENODIPLOSIS Reut. 1895, type 5". gcniadati Reut.
Distinguished from the preceding genus by the pulvilli being

52 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

shorter than the slender claws, which latter are strongly bent at the
apical fourth; basal and distal stems of the fifth antennal segment
with a length one half and twice their diameters, respectively. \\'ings
remarkably long and slender. Europe.

Genus TRICONTARINIA Kieff. 1910, type T. cUiaiipcnuis Kieff.
Wings, antenUce and genitalia as in Contarinia; palpi triarticulate.
Location provisional. Asia.

Genus MYRICOMYIA Kieff. 1900, type Diplosis mediterranea F. Lw.

Se])arated from the four preceding genera by the biarticulate
palpi; basal and distal stems of the fifth antennal segment with a
length one and one half and two and one half times their diameters,
respectivelv ; claws simple, strongly curved, the pulvilli twice the
length of the claws; ovipositor short. Europe.

Group Trifili.
This group is easily recognized by the presence of three usually
well-developed circumfili on the flagellate antennal segments of the
male, the nodes generally being unecpial and in some extreme forms
the distal enlargement is almost divided.

Genus STOMATOSEMA Kieff. 1904, type S. ncmontm Kieff.

Antennal segments 15, the filth with a stem one fourth the length
of the cylindric basal enlargement ; ])alpi quadriarticulate ; claws uni-
dentate, strongly curved, the pulvilli small, ovipositor short. Distin-
guished from other forms by the greatly produced mouth-parts, the
latter with a length one half that of the head, tapering. Europe.
Genus RESSELIELLA Seitn. 1906, type R. picecc Seitn.

Distinguished from the preceding by the mouth-parts not being
produced. The lobes of the dorsal and ventral plate of the male are
truncate, the ovipositor is short with one long, narrow, oval lobe.
Europe.

Genus GEODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1909, type G. ranunculi Kieff.
Separated from the American species provisionally referred to
Dicrodiplosis Kieff. by the triangular lobes of the dorsal plate and
the linear parallel lobes of the ventral plate. The ovipositor is rather
short. Europe.

Genus CALODIPLOSIS Tav. 1908, type C. parinarii Tav.
Allied to Dicrodiplosis Kieff. and separated from Gcodiplosis

March, I9II.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.^. 53

Kieff. by the lobes of the ventral plate being short and broadly
rounded; the ovipositor is short, the pulvilli a1)out half the length of
the claws. Africa.

Genus YOUNGOMYIA Felt 1908, type Dicrodiplosis podophyllw Felt.

Readily separated from the four preceding and the three follow-
ing genera by the slender terminal clasp segment being distinctly
longer than the basal clasp segment. The flagellate antennal seg-
ments of the male are trinodose, the dorsal plate is almost divided
and the ventral plate roundly truncate. North America.

Genus DICRODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1895, type D. fascia fa Kieff.
The type species has the ovipositor short, the lobes with the mar-
gin pectinate. The American species provisionally referred to this
genus have the ventral plate usually long. Europe, North America.

Genus DICHODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type D. langaii Riibs.
Distinguished from the preceding by the greatly produced oviposi-
tor; ventral plate narrow, not elongate, rounded apically, the claws
bent at nearly right angles, the tooth scarcely noticeable and nearly
parallel with the main part of the claw. Europe.

Genus THOMASIA Riibs. 1910, type Clinodiplosis oculipevda Riibs.

Separated from the preceding genus by the deeply emarginate, not
prolonged ventral plate, the tooth of the claws strong and erect.
Europe.

Genus BREMIA Rond. i860, type Diplosis dccorata H. Lw.
Distinguished from the preceding genera by the anterior claws
being toothed, the posterior simple and easily separated from most
of the other Itonidinarise by the greatly produced setae and loops of
the circumfili on the ventral portion of the flagellate antennal seg-
ments. Easily separated from the following genus by the rudimentary
middle circumfilum, the flagellate segments apparently with but two
circumfili. Europe, North America.

Genus APHIDOLETES Kieff. 1904, type A. abietis Kieff. by present designation.
Easily distinguished from the preceding form by the three well-
developed circumfili on the flagellate antennal seginents of the male.
Europe, North America, Australia.

54 To^-^R^'AL New York Extomolocucal Society. [Vol. xix.

Genus LOBODIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Mycodiplosis acerina Felt.
Antennal segments 14. the flagellate more or less trinodose, the
circumfili and setx nearly e<|ual. J'alpi quadriarticulate ; basal clasp
segment with a distinct lobe apically, the terminal clasp segment there-
fore subapical. North America.

Genus ANTICHIRA Riibs. 1910, type A. striata Riibs.
Allied to the preceding genus, the basal clasp segment with a large,
hyaline lobe at the internal apical angle. Europe.

Genus COQUILLETTOMYIA Felt 1908, type Mycodiplosis lobata Felt.
Distinguished from the two preceding genera by the setose basal
lobe on the basal clasp segment and remarkable because of the strongly
chitinized ventral plate or harpcs. North America.

Genus FELTIELLA Riibs. 1910, type F. tctranychi Riibs.
Allied to the preceding and presumably separable therefrom by the
ventral plate and harpes being as in Lcsfodiplosis Kieff. Europe.

Genus KARSCHOMYIA Felt 1908, tyi)e Mycodiplosis viburni Felt.
Separated from the four preceding genera by the absence of a
'distinct lobe on the basal clasp segment ; flagellate antennal segments
of the male trinodose; terminal clasp segment subfusiform, greatly
'dilated and much shorter than the basal clasp segment. North
America.

Genus MYCODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1895, type Diplosis coniophaga Winn.

Antennal segments 14, binodose ; palpi quadriarticulate; terminal
clasp segment not abnormally produced or subfusiform: ventral plate
not produced, the lobes of the dorsal plate not divided, cleft or trian-
gularly emarginate ; ovipositor short. Europe, North America.

Genus CLINODIPLOSIS Kieff.* 1894, type Diplosis cilicnis Kieff.
T'laced Iktc by Riibsaamen on accotmt of the dentate anterior
claws. Separated from Mycodiplosis by the greatly elongate, emar-
ginate ventral plate. The dorsal plate is deeply cleft and triangularly
emarginate. Euroi)e.

Genus DIADIPLOSIS new genus, type D. cocci new species.
The unidcntate rniterior claws and binodose antennae of the male,
with the three circumfili show a relation, to ]\lycodiplosis Riibs. and
its allies from which it is easily separated by the triarticulate palpi.

* Species previoii.sly referred to this genus belong to the recently erected
Parallelodiplosis Riibs.

March. 1911.] Felt: Generic Synopsis of Itonid^.

55

Diadiplosis cocci, new species.

Male— Length i mm. Antenns one half longer than the body, thickly
haired light brown; 14 segments, the fifth having the basal portion of the
stem with a length one half greater than its diameter, the distal part with a
length twice its diameter, the basal enlargement subglobose, with a sparse sub-
basil whorl of stout setje, the circumfilum with stout loops extending to the
base of the distal enlargement, which latter is subcylindric, has a length one
half greater than its diameter, a scattering whorl of stout sets and basal and
apical circumfili, the loops of the latter extending to the apex of the segment ;
terminal segment produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length three
nme^ its diameter, the distal enlargement subcylindric, with a length twice its
diameter and a long, fingerlike process apically. Palpi ; first segment very short
subquadrate. with a length three fourths its diameter, the second quadrate,
with a length one half greater than its diameter, the third slender, about twice
as long as the second. Face yellow. Mesonotum dark red. the submedian lines
sparsely haired. Scutellum dark red, postscutellum reddish. Abdomen dark
red the genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting
therewith near the basal half, the nearly straight third vein at the apex of the
wing, the fifth joining the posterior margin at the distal fourth, its branch near
the basal half. Halteres reddish transparent, fuscous apically. Coxae orange
yellow femora fuscous yellowish; tibis darker; tarsi nearly brown; claws
stout strongly curved basally, the anterior unidentate, the pulvilli about half
the length of the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment short, greatly swollen,
with a length about one fourth greater than its diameter; terminal clasp
segment short, slender, apically with a stout claw; dorsal plate short, deeply
and triangularly emarginate, the lobes tapering, broadly rounded and sparsely
setose; ventra. plate short, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, sparsely
setose • style short, stout, narrowly rounded apically.

Female— Length i mm. Antenns extending about to the fifth abdominal
segment sparsely haired, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem about
one fourth the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and
one half times its diameter, a sparse subbasal whorl of stout set^ and a
scattering subapical band of shorter, curved sets; terminal segment shghtly
produced with a length three times its diameter and a short, knob-like process
apically. Palpi : first segment short, quadrate, with a length three fourths its
diameter, the second narrowly oval, with a length twice its diameter, the third
a little longer than the second, more slender. Color characters nearly as m
the male, except that the abdomen is deep red. Ovipositor short, the terminal
lobes with a length twice the diameter, broadly rounded apically and thickly

setose

Pupa— Length 1.5 mm., stout, yellowish red, darker apically. The antennal
sheaths extend to the base of the abdomen, the wing cases to the third
abdominal segment, those of the legs nearly to the fifth.

Larva— Length 1.75 mm., rather stout, pale orange, the segmentation deep.
Head moderately long, broad, tapering, the antennae slender, uniarticulate, with
a length fully four times their diameter; breast-bone small, the shaft short.

56 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [\'oL xix.

stout, with a length about three times its width, distinctly expanded at both
extremities, the anterior having at the widely separated lateral angles an
indistinct, broadly rounded tooth. Skin rather coarsely shagreened ; posterior
extremity narrowly rounded and broadly lobed.
Type Cecid. a2i28, N. Y. State Museum.

Reared by William H. Pattersons of the Agricultural School, St.
Vincent, W. I., from larv?e preying upon the eggs of Saissetia nigra
Nietn., frequently abundant upon stems of Sea Island cotton. South
America.

Genus CALAMODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type CUuodiplosis coriscii Kieff.

Provisionally proposed because of the tubular ventral plate, assum-
ing Kieffer's illustration to be accurate. Europe.

Genus CARYOMYIA Felt 1909, type Cccidomyia fiibicola O. S.

Antennal segments 14, cylindric or binodose, the circumfili with
short loops. Palpi tri- or quadriarticulate. Claws simple. Male
much as in Honnoriiyia. Ovipositor short, triangular, the lobes mi-
nute. North America.

Genus MASSALONGIA Kieff. 1897, type Hormomyia rubra Kieff.

Easily recognized by all the flagellate antennal segments in the
male being cylindric, stemmed and distinguished from the preceding
genus by the biarticulate pal])i ; ovipositor short, stout. Europe.

Genus PRODIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cccidomyia floricola Felt.
Basal antennal segments binodose, the distal, tenth to fourteenth,
cylindric, stemmed; palpi quadriarticulate. Xorth America.

Genus CENTRODIPLOSIS Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type C. crassipes
Kieff. & Jorg.

Distinguished from the preceding by the third antennal segment in
the male being cylindric, the others binodose; ovipositor aciculate.
South America.

Genus MONODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type DipJosis licbcli Kieff.
Flagellate antennal segments uninodose, ventral plate elongate,
emarginate. Europe.

Genus GEISENHEYNERIA Riibs. 1910, type G. rlicnona Riibs.
Separated from the preceding by the ventral plate being scarcely-
longer than the dorsal plate, not much narrowed, deeply incised
apically. Europe.

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E. 57

Genus ARTHROCNODAX Riibs. 1895, type A. vitis Riibs.
Antennal segments 14, the flagellate binodose ; palpi quadriarticu-
late ; ovipositor short, easily recognized by the third vein uniting with
costa well before the apex. Europe, North America.

Genus MICRODIPLOSIS Tav. 1908, type M. zambezensis Tav.
Venation nearly as in the preceding genus except for the simple
fifth vein; flagellate antennal segments binodose; palpi quadriarticu-
late ; ventral plate rather long, greatly expanded subapically, broadly
and roundly emarginate ; ovipositor short. Africa.

Genus HORMOMYIA H. Lw. 1850, type Cecidomyia crassipes H. Lw.

Antennal segments 14 to over 20, the flagellate, binodose in the
male, the circumfili with short loops. Palpi uni- to triarticulate.
Large species, easily recognized by the mesonotum being greatly
produced over the head. Europe, North America.

Genus PUTONIELLA Kieff. 1896, type Diplosis marsupialis F. Lw.

Flagellate antennal segments of the male nearly trinodose ; cir-
cumfili only moderately developed; palpi triarticulate, the pulvilli one
fourth longer than the simple claws; ovipositor short, broadly rounded.
Europe.

Genus ATRICHOSEMA Kieff. 1904, type A. aceris Kieff.
Antennal segments 14, the flagellate subsessile; palpi triarticulate;
ovipositor short ; pulvilli longer than the claws. Provisionally asso-
ciated with the preceding. Europe.

Genus PSEUDHORMOMYIA Kieff. 1897, type P. granifex Kieff.
Separated from Hormomyia by the mesonotum not being pro-
duced over the head. Antennae in the male characteristic of the
typical Hormomyia. Flagellate antennal segments of the female with
three well developed circumfili ; palpi tri- or possibly quadriarticu-
late ; ovipositor long. Europe.

Genus AMAUROSIPHON Rubs. 1910.
Erected without a description or reference thereto of a species and
separated from the preceding genus by the terminal clasp segment of
the male being thickened, club-shaped and the third and fourth an-
tennal segments fused. It may be cogeneric with the preceding.
Europe.

58 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. ln'oI. xix.

Genus LOEWIOLA Kieff. 1896, type Diplosis centaurecc F. Lw.
Separated from the two preceding genera by the ventral plate,
which is as long as the dorsal plate, being deeply bilobed and the
ovipositor not longer than the body. The circumfili are slightly pro-
duced, the palpi triarticulate, the terminal segment being greatly
produced ; ])ulvilli rudinicntary. Europe.

Genus HAPLODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type Diplosis equestris Wagn.
Separated from the preceding genus by the ventral plate being
narrowly truncate, not emarginate. Europe.

Genus MONARTHROPALPUS Riibs. 1892, type Diplosis bit.vi Lab,
The binodose antennal segments have short, stout circumfili simi-
lar to those of Hormomyia ; the flagellate antennal segments of the
female with two rather high circumfili ; palpi uniarticulate, the pul-
villi not longer than the claws, the ovipositor terminating in a long,
stout, chitinous spine. Europe, North America.

Genus FRAUENFELDIELLA Riibs. 1905, type F. coiissapocc Riibs.

Separated from the preceding genus by the ovipositor having two
large dorsal lobes apically, the female antennal segments with " worm-
like " loops as in Asplwiidylia (presumably like those of the male) ;
palpi uniarticulate. South America.

Genus BRAUERIELLA Kieff. 1896, type Diplosis phillyrccc F. Lw.
Apparently closely related to Hormomyia, since the circumfili are
nearly equally developed in both sexes ; second node of the fifth
antennal segment in the male, with a length two and one half times its
diameter; palpi biarticulatc ; pulvilli longer than the claws, ovipositor
short, lobed. Europe.

Genus DICHRONA Riibs. 1899, type D. galianim Rubs.
Separated from the preceding genus by the second node of the
fifth antennal segment in the male having a length one and three
fourths times its diameter, the pulvilli being nearly as long as the
claws. Probably cogeneric with the preceding. Europe.

Genus ORSEOLIA Kieff. and C. MassL 1902, type O. cynodontis Kieff. and

C. Massl.

Distinguished from the two preceding genera by the fifth antennal
segment of the female having circumfili less developed, while those
in the male are more strongly developed; palpi biarticulate or quad-

March, ipii.] Felt: Generic Synopsis of Itonid^. 59

riarticulate, the distal segment greatly produced or strongly con-
stricted. Europe, Asia.

Genus HYPERDIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia lobata Felt.
Antennie binodose, the circunifili with short, very indistinct loops;
palpi quadriarticulate, the claws bent at right angles or nearly so;
ventral plate long, deeply and roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate
•dilated and with strongly produced angles. North America.

Genus GIARDOMYIA Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia photophila Felt.
The binodose antennal segments of the male with distinct cir-
cunifili, the loops extending to the apex of the segment; the claws
bent almost at right angles and usually somewhat enlarged sub-
apically; ventral plate very long, slender, roundly emarginate, the
dorsal plate not greatly enlarged. North America.

Genus OCTODIPLOSIS Giard 1894, type Diplosis glyccrice Riibs.
Distinguished from the preceding by the ventral plate being rather
short, deeply and triangularly incised, the dorsal plate broad, deeply
and broadly incised. Europe.

Genus ISODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type /. invohita Riibs.
Separated from the preceding genera by the ventral plate being
deeply cleft and the thin, smooth terminal clasp segment. Europe.

Genus METADIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type M. spinosa Felt.
Separated from the preceding genera by the claws not being bent
at right angles and easily recognized by the short, stout basal clasp
segment having a conspicuous triangular, chitinous process at the
internal angle, while the terminal clasp segment is short, greatly con-
stricted near the middle, enormously swollen and recurved apically.
North America.

Genus EPIDIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type E. sayi Felt.
Easily separated from the preceding genus by the long, setose
apical process on the basal clasp segment, strongly suggesting the
genitalic structure of Lobodiplosis though readily distinguished there-
from by the simple claws. North America.

Genus LESTODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1894, type L. septemgnttafa Kieft".
Frail, usually yellowish species with spotted wings. Easily rec-
ognized by the triangular lobe at the internal basal angle of the basal
clasp segment ; the ventral plate is scarcely longer than broad. Syno-

GO JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix,

nyms : Lcptodiplosis Kieff. ; Coprodiplosis Kieff. Europe, North
America.

Genus PROCONTARINIA Kieff. and Cec. 1906, type P. mattciaua Kieff.

and Ccc.

This Indian species may be separated from tlie preceding genus
by the basal lobe on the basal clasp segment not being well developed ;
the ventral plate is long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate. Asia,

Genus PARADIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia obesa Felt.
Distinguished from the preceding four genera by the basal clasp
segment being without conspicuous lobes or spines. This structure is
short, broad, while the terminal clasp segment is short, stout and
apically with a broad, chitinized, serrate margin; dorsal and ventral
plates short, broad, each triangularly emarginate. North America.

Genus HARMANDIA Kieff. 1896, type Diplosis tremula Winn.
Separated from the preceding genus by the dorsal and ventral
plates being deeply and roundly emarginate ; the ovipositor is appar-
ently short. Europe.

Genus MACRODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1895, type Diplosis dryobia F. Lw.
Separated from the two preceding genera by the dorsal and ven-
tral plates being narrowly rounded or but slightly emarginate; the
terminal clasp segment is swollen basally, the apex being smooth.
Kieffer states that the third and fourth antennal segments are not
fused and that the pulvilli are almost as long as the claws. Europe.

Genus XYLODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1894, type Diplosis pracox Winn.

A synonym of Cecidomyia nigritarsis Zett.

The dorsal plate is triangularly emarginate and the ventral plate

broadly and roundly emarginate. Separated from the following genus

by the rudimentary pulvilli and the long terminal clasp segment, the

latter not swollen basally. Europe.

Genus DELODIPLOSIS Tav. 1908, type D. copaiba Tav.
Distinguished from the preceding genus by the pulvilli being as
long as the claws and the terminal clasp segment being swollen
basally. Africa.

Genus BRACHYDIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type B. caricum Riibs.
The following three genera are separated from the preceding forms
by the long ventral plate, which, in this genus, is emarginate. The

March, igii.] FeLT : GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF ItONID.E. 61

lobes of the dorsal plate are short, truncate, the hair whorls on the

female antenn?e are erect. Europe.

■Genus PARALLELODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type Diplosis galliperda F. Lw.

The long ventral plate is narrowly rounded apically, while the
basal antennal node in the male is simple, the distal double. To this
genus belong forms previously referred by the writer to Clinodiplosis
Kieff. Europe, North America, 'and probably South America.

Genus XENODIPLOSIS new name, type Allodiplosis laviusculi Riibs.

Distinguished at once from the preceding and probably from all
■other Itonidinarise by the basal node of the flagellate antennal seg-
ments in the male being double, the distal simple. Allodiplosis Riibs.,
Sept., 1910, preoccupied by Allodiplosis Kieff. & Jorg., July, 1910.
Genus OBOLODIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia orbiculata Felt.

The terminal clasp segment is greatly produced, being nearly one
lialf longer than the basal clasp segment; the dorsal plate is greatly
■expanded, nearly divided, the lobes orbicular, while the ventral plate
appears to be widely separated, the two lobes being short, stout and
roundly triangular. North America.

Genus ITONIDA Meign. 1800, type Tipiila pini DeG.

Antennal segments 14; three distinct circumfili, the nodes unequal;
palpi quadriarticulate, the third vein uniting with the margin well
beyond the apex of the wing; the pulvilli longer than the simple claws;
the dorsal and ventral plates of the male genitalia deeply bilobed;
•ovipositor rather long, the lobes narrowly oval. Distribution prob-
ably world-wide.

Genus ACODIPLOSIS Kieff. 1895, type Cecidomyia imdcr H. Lw.

Palpi triarticulate; pulvilli longer than the claws. Easily recog-
nized by the second antennal segment with a distinct tooth or ventral
spine. ?jynonym: Arthroccrastis 'R.nhs. Europe.

Genus ODONTODIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia kanierensis Felt.

Distinguished from the preceding by the pulvilli not being longer

than the claws and the absence of a distinct tooth or ventral spine

on the second antennal segment. Peculiar because of the somewhat

conical ventral plate or harpes with serrate margins. North America.

Genus ADIPLOSIS Felt 1908, type Cecidomyia toxicodendri Felt.
Easily separated from the preceding genus by the ventral plate

62 JouRXAi. Xew York Entomological Society. [\'oI. xix,

or harpes not being serrate and as long as the dorsal plate, the basal
clasp segment stout. North America.

Genus DYODIPLOSIS Riibs. 1910, type Honnomyia arenaricc Riibs.

A large form with iriarticulate palpi. Separated from the preced-
ing genus by the ventral plate being much shorter than the dorsal
plate and slightly emarginate apically ; the circumfili of the female are
erect and united l)y two commissures. Europe.

Genus COMPSODIPLOSIS Tav. 1909, type C. lutco-albida Tav.
Separated from the preceding genera with simple claws by the
biarticulate palpi ; the stem of the fifth antennal segment has a length
one fourth that of the cylindric basal enlargement; pulvilli not longer
than the claws, the ovipositor short, the lobes broadly oval. South
.America.

Genus COURTEIA Kieff. and Leeuw.-Reijn. 1910, type C. graminis Kieff.

and Leeuw.-Reijn.

This Javanese genus is distinguished from the preceding by the
stem of the antennal segment having a length two thirds that of the
cylindric basal enlargement; the pulvilli are as long as the claws, the
ovipositor short, the lobes with a length twice the width. Asia.

Genus CYSTODIPLOSIS Kieff. & Jorg. 1910, type C. longipennis
Kieff. & Jorg.

Separated from the preceding forms by the uniarticulate palpi and
from the evidently allied Monarthropalpus Riibs. in' the greater devel-
opment of the circumfili.

A CORRECTION.

A'olumc X\"Iir, page 207, line 4, for Cedaria ritarta read Bar-
NESI.-V ritaria.

John A. Grossbeck.

March, 1911.] OtTO SeIFERT. 63

OTTO SEIFERT.

Mr. Otto Seifert, for many years a member of the New York
Entomological Society, died at Mt. Vernon, N. Y., October 20, 1910,
in his sixty-third year.

His end came suddenly, he being in his garden when he was
stricken.

About ten days before he passed away he spent a happy Sunday
afternoon with the writer looking over butterflies and plants and the
thought of death was far from our minds.

Entomology has lost an earnest student and many of our members
a sympathetic friend.

Mr. Seifert was born in Hildesheim, Hanover, Germany, February
26, 1848; he studied as chemist and druggist and came to America in
February, 1871. He established himself in New York City and
achieved success as a druggist. Retiring from business a few years
ago he moved to Mt. Vernon, where he devoted his entire time to
raising insects and flowers.

His work in the Arctiidse is especially praiseworthy, his collec-
tion* showing the thoroughness and neatness with which he worked.

The entomological articles which he wrote and published are as
follows :

Contributions to the Knowledge of North American Arctiidje, Parts 1-2-3,
Journal of N. Y. Ento. Soc, Vol X ; Part 4, Canadian Entomologist, Vol.
XXXVII.

Life History of Platysenta videns, Journal of N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. IX.
Life History of Sabulodes arcassaria, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI.
Parorgyia parallela Grote and its Variation, Entomologica Americana, Vol. III.

Christian F. Groth.

* The collection of Arctiidas has been purchased by the New York Ento-
mological Society and presented to the American Museum.

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Vol. XIX.

No

•/•

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society,

2)c\>ote^ to ]£ntomoloap in (3cneraL

JUNE, 1911.

Edited by W. M. Whef.LER.

Publicatioji Committer.
Charles Schaeffer R. C. Osburn.

F. E. LuTz. W. M. Wheeler.

F*ublistiecl Quarterly by the Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1911.

[Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16,

1894.]

WE NIW MA P«NT„UlHeASTIR, n

COiVTElVTS.

Annual Address of the President i

Note3 on Coccinellidae. IV. By Charles W. Leng 6

A New Species of Dineutes. By Charles \V. Lkng ii

Descriptions of three New North American Species of the Mymarid Genus
Polynema Haliday Parasitic on Membracid Eggs, with a List of the Species

Described since the Year 1898. By A. A. Girault .... 12

Descriptions of some New Hemiptera-Heteroptera. By H. G. Barber . ... 23

A Generic Synopsis of the Itonidae. E. P. Felt ... 31

A Correction 62

Otto Seifert 63

OF THE

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JOURNAL

jOffD iHoph €lnfoniolQgiraI %mM^.

Vol. XIX. JUNE, 1911. No. 2.

NOTES ON PSEUDOSCORPIONS; A STUDY ON THE

VARIATIONS OF OUR COMMON SPECIES,

CHELIFER CANCROIDES LINN., WITH

SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON OTHER

SPECIES.

By H. E. Ewing,
Ames, Iowa.

(With Plates I to V.)

Introduction.

The pseudoscorpions constitute a small though well-defined group
of the class Arachnida. They are typically arachnid in the posses-
sion of : first, a fused anterior portion of the body called the cephalo-
thorax; second, in the organization of their mouth-parts; and third,
in the possession of four pairs of legs. The pronounced segmenta-
tion of the abdomen, the constant possession of chelate chelicerae,
the enormous development of the palpi, and the frequent absence of
eyes are characters which would indicate their position among the
more primitive members of x\rachnida. On the other hand, the pres-
ence of an elaborate system of branched, tubular tracheae as well as
the presence of spinning organs show that they differ essentially from
the most primitive of the living members of the class.

The group is one that has never been very extensively studied.
Prominent among the European workers might be mentioned : Menge,

65

66 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, f^'o'- ^^X-

who in 1855 published a rather extensive paper on the anatomy of
the group, and also described and figured some of the more common
forms, Simon, who in 1879 gave a description of the species then
known to France, and Balzan, who in 1891 published an excellent
classification of the pseudoscorpions and described many new species
from various parts of the globe, but especially a large number from
South America.

In North America the group has been sadly neglected and prac-
tically only two workers have made important contributions to its
study. Mr. Nathan Banks has described many species from the east-
ern and middle states, and Mr. K. R. Coolidge has published a list of
the North American species (see Psyche, December, 1908). Hardly
any drawings have been published of our species and there appears
to be some confusion in regard to the synonymy of a few of them.
On this account and for the purpose of extending our knowledge of
the geographical distribution of our forms, and last, though not least,
in order to determine the range of variability in our commonest
species, Chclifcr cancroidcs Linn., this paper is written.

The writer's work is based on a large private collection, chiefly
from the north central states ; and upon a somewhat smaller though
more representative collection in the possession of Cornell Univer-
sity. Though the Cornell collection is rather small, yet it contains
specimens collected from many parts of the United States.

In the preparation of this paper the writer is indebted to Professor
J. H. Comstock for the privilege of working up the Cornell collec-
tion, to Dr. A. D. MacGillivray also of the department of entomology
for his many aids, and to Dr. Nathan Banks for comparing several
named forms with the types which he possesses.

Variations in the Habits of ChcUfcr cancroidcs Linn.

This species varies much in its habits. In Europe it is found
chiefly in houses, under wainscoting, under the dry straw and manure
of chicken coops, between the loose leaves of old books, in outhouses,
etc., and rather rarely under the bark of trees. Menge gives the
following account of its habits:^ "Man findet die Thiere selten in
Waldern unter Baumrinde, gewohnlich in Hiiusern unter vcrmodern-

' Menge, A., Ueber die Scheerenspinnen, Chernetids, 1855, p. 31.

June, iQii.] EwING: NotES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 67

den Biichern, Kleidungsstiicken, in Hiihnerstallen unter Strohabfallen
und trocknem Kothe, niemals da, wo es feucht ist." It is also re-
ported to have similar habits by Simon, who regarded the species as
probably being cosmopolitan :" " Cette espece, repandue dans toute
I'Europe, habite I'interieur des maisons; on la trouve dans les coins
obscurs, sur les boiseries, souvent dans les herbiers, meme dans les
boites de collection d'insectes; elle marche assez lentement et se cache
dans les plus petites fissures. Dans ces conditions elle se trouve
toujours isolement et rarement; elle a cependant ete vue en nom-
breuse famille, par quelques observateurs, dans des ruches aban-
donnees, d'anciens nids de guepes et des pigeonniers mal entretenus. —
Le C- cancroides se trouve aussi, mais beaucoup plus rarement et acci-
dentellement, sous des ecorces d'arbres, meme eloignees de toute
habitation."

In this country C. cancroides is found most frequently under the
bark of trees, rather than in the more artificial conditions surround-
ing the habitations of man. Under the bark of a single oak (Qucrciis
alba), at Ames, la., I found scores of individuals. On this tree there
was a regular colony of the species, and for many months I made
frequent observations upon them. Just why they remained on this
single tree when there were many others standing only a few feet
away I could not determine. The leaves of the tree appeared to be
infested with plant lice, and ants were at times constantly passing
up and down the trunk to and from the lice. It may be that the
pseudoscorpions fed upon the ants, but I never found any of them
doing so. In our country this species is only rarely found in artificial
conditions, that is, in dwelling houses, under old books, etc.

From these facts it would appear that America is the native home
of this form, and not Europe, for here its conditions of life are more
natural and in Europe they are more artificial. It must also be
remembered that this is one of the very few of the species of this
group which lives in artificial conditions. The native home of the
pseudoscorpions was without doubt in the forests under bark, under
logs where the ground was dry, beneath dry and matted grasses, etc.
It is in these conditions that C. cancroides is most commonly found
in this country and in these conditions some of its members are yet
found no matter in what part of the world they are studied.

- Simon, E., Les Arachnides de France, VII, p. 24.

68 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

Variations in Structure and Color. — In order to study the
variation in size, color and markings of this species, the following
data are given in regard to the various collections obtained and
examined.

Specimens Collected at Portage, Wis. — Two specimens, a male and
a female, collected from under the bark of a conifer September i, 1909,
by the writer; and one male collected from a similar situation Sep-
tember 2, 1909.

Color: palpi very dark, hand darker than the other segments;
cephalothorax dark.

Tooth-like projections present on the cephalothorax, but not pres-
ent on the palpi. Movable digit of chelicerje but slightly curved;
spinneret stout, straight, with five subequal barbs at its distal end.

Length : 2.8 mm.

Specimens Collected at Ames. la.- — Many specimens, mostly col-
lected by the writer in 1909 and 1910 in various situations. Many
individuals were collected from under the bark of a single white oak
(Quercus alba) which was badly infested with ants. Several hun-
dred individuals were on this tree, the infestation being the most
■extensive 1 have ever observed.

Color: palpi dark, also the cephalothorax.

Cephalothorax in the case of nearly every specimen entirely with-
out tooth-like tubercles, but in the case of a few individuals very
small ones are present. They are absent from the palpi. Movable
digit of chelicerse strongly curved.

Length: 2.5 mm.

Specimens Collected at Hai'ana, III. — Three individuals, a male
and two females, all collected from under the bark of trees standing
in the shallow water of Illinois River at the point of its junction with
Spoon River. The ancestors of these individuals probably were car-
ried down to this point on drift wood from regions farther north.

Color: palpi and cephalothorax very dark, the hand darkest.

Cephalothorax without tooth-like process in the case of two indi-
viduals; one individual, a female, has some small ones on the cephalo'-
thorax. Palpi without tooth-like processes. Movable digit of che-
licerae strongly curved.

Length : 2.5 mm.

Specimens Collected at Urhana, 111. — Several specimens collected
by Dr. J. W. Folsom and by the writer, mostly from under bark.

June, igii.] EwiNG : XoTES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 69

Color : in some specimens the palpi and cephalothorax are a dark
chestnut brown, in others they are almost black; abdominal scuta
light reddish brown.

Cephalothorax and palpi without the tooth-like processes in both
the light and dark colored specimens.

Movable finger of chelicera lightly curved in the light colored
specimens, but as the specimens become darker it becomes more
strongly curved.

Length : 2.20 mm.

Specimens from Areola, III. — Four specimens, three collected from
under bark and one found in a dwelling house.

Color: general appearance a reddish brown; neither the cephalo-
thorax nor the palpi dark.

Tooth-like tubercles only slightly indicated on the cephalothorax
of one of the three bark specimens, but very pronounced on the cepha-
lothorax and slightly indicated on the palpi of the specimen collected
in the house.

Movable digit of chelicera but slightly curved. In the case of
the house specimen its external margin straight. Prongs of spin-
neret well developed.

Length of bark specimens, 2.10 mm. ; of house specimens, 3.00 mm.

Specimens Collected at Marshall, III. — Several specimens, all col-
lected by the writer from under the bark of oaks.

Color: a reddish brown, darker on the cephalothorax and palpi
but not very much darker.

But a very slight indication of the tooth-like processes on the
cephalothorax, palpi without such indications.

Movable finger of the chelicera; but slightly curved; .spinneret
with very prominent prongs on its distal end.

Length : 2.10 mm.

Collections from Columbia, Mo. — An abundance of material col-
lected by C. R. Crosby. No situations given, but the specimens were
perhaps collected from various places.

Color: chestnut brown for the chitinized parts; palpi dark, but
not as much so as they are in the Iowa and Wisconsin specimens.

Tooth-like tubercles absent from palpi, but indicated on the cepha-
lothorax.

Movable fingers of chelicerae slightly curved.

Length : 2.38 mm.

70 Journal New York Extomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

Collections at Ithaca, N. Y. — Includes four specimens in the Uni-
versity collection. They appear to show variations among themselves.

Color: almost a uniform chestnut brown; abdominal scuta darker
than usual.

Cephalothorax in all the specimens with rather prominent tooth-
like tubercles, which in one individual extended to the trochanters
and slightly upon the femora of the palpi.

Movable digit of the chelicerse but slightly curved.

Length : 2.50 mm.

Specimens from Borodino, X. Y. — Two specimens taken from a
bee-hive.

Color : a rather light chestnut brown.

Tooth-like tubercles present on the cephalothorax and also indi-
cated on the trochanters of the palpi.

Movable digit of the chelicene almost straight on the outer side.

Specimens Collected at Otto, N. Y. — This collection includes a
great amount of material taken from under a barn floor by Professor
Comstock.

Color a light reddish chestnut brown, palpi but little darker than
the body.

Tooth-like tubercles very prominent and reaching their greatest
development. They are present on the cephalothorax of all the
specimens and are also present to some extent upon the palpi, espe-
cially tile trochanters, each of which has two prominent teeth on the
posterior margin.

Movable digits of chelicera? with external margins almost straight;
spinneret with moderate prongs.

Length : 3 nmi.

Specimens Collected at Xenia, 0.- — This collection includes three
specimens taken from under bark of white oak, one under bark of
elm, and one each under the bark of wild cherry and black walnut.

Color: rather dark reddish brown. In one or two specimens the
palpi are darkened in the region of the hand.

Tooth-like tubercles only slightly indicated, and that on the
cephalothorax of one of the specimens from the oak, and on the one
specimen from wild cherry.

Movable digit but slightly curved; spinneret with prominent
prongs.

June, 191 1.] EwING: NoTES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 71

Length : 2.30 mm.

Chclifer muricattis from Austin, Tex. — Two specimens collected
by Professor Comstock in the spring of '03.

These specimens certainly represent varieties of C. cancroides
Linn. Hagen was strongly of this opinion, and my examination of
these forms from Texas indicates clearly that they are transitional
between our commonest type of C. cancroides Linn, and C. scahri-
culus Simon from California, the latter which must also be regarded
as a variety of C. cancroides.

Color: reddish brown, hand very dark. Tooth-like tubercles
only indicated.

Movable digits of chelicerae slightly curved. Prongs of spinneret
almost wanting.

A Specimen from New Mexico. — This was collected by E. J.
Oslar at Albuquerque, N. M., on Sept. 10, 1903. No situation given.
It may be regarded as belonging to the variety muricatus Say.

Color : cephalothorax dark ; palpi a dark reddish brown, but
lighter than the cephalothorax; abdominal scutae and legs lighter
than the palpi.

Tooth-like tubercles present on the cephalothorax, but only of a
medium size. They are present on the trochanters of the palpi and
here are moderately well developed, but are not present on the
femora.

Movable fingers of the chelicerae but slightly curved.

A California Specimen. — A single specimen from Stanford Uni-
versity represents Simon's scahricuJus, but is to be regarded as only
a variety of C. cancroides.

Color : cephalothorax and palpi of a medium reddish brown.

Pedipalps stout; fingers short, not longer than the somewhat
stout hand.

Tooth-like tubercles only slightly indicated on the cephalothorax
and the trochanters of the palpi.

Movable digit of the chelicera rather strongly curved, but not so
much so as in the case of the Iowa specimens.

Length : 2.60 mm.

Careful analysis of the preceding data shows that the following
variations of C. cancroides exist.

72 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^"o^- ^i^.

1. In size the individuals range from the minimum length of 2.10
mm. to the maximum length of 3.00 mm.

2. In color we have variations from forms with very dark, almost
black pedipalps and cephalothorax, to those with light yellowish
brown pedipalps and cephalothorax.

3. The shape of the movable digit of the chelicera varies from a
rather short, markedly curved form to one much longer and with the
external margin almost straight.

4. There is a great variation in the size and number of the tuber-
cles found on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax and on the
basal segments of the pedipalps. In the females of some collections
these are practically absent, but in the well developed males of other
collections they may number a score or more and are quite prominent
(see PI. II, Figs. 2, 3).

5. The lateral, posteriorly directed spurs of the abdominal scuta,
found only in the case of the males vary greatly in number and size
(see PI. II, Figs. 6, 7, 8).

Adaptation of \' ariations.

After making a careful study of the data given in these pages
concerning the variations of this species, and the data collected by
other writers, I have found the following adaptations of variation
which may be confirmed by examining the data cited and the figures
given on Plates I and II :

C. cancroidcs varies according to two prime factors; first, in
regard to the situations in which it is found, and second, in regard
to its geographical distribution.

In regard to situation the factors of nourishment and of mechan-
ical adjustment to the conditions appear to be of great importance.
Thus it is found that individuals (varieties) found under bark differ
from those found in association with man and his various habita-
tions in that they arc much smaller, more flattened, have fewer and
smaller tubercular processes on the cephalothorax and pedipalps, and
have smaller chelicer?e, with the movable digit more curved. This
has, perhaps, resulted from a change in the kind of the food eaten.
The size of those species found under bark is restricted greatly be-
cause they are compelled to move about in very narrow spaces, on the

June, 191 1.]

EwiNG : Notes on Pseudoscorpions.

73

other hand the forms found in dwelling houses, under barn floors, in
fallen hay, etc., are not restricted as much in their movements and are
much stouter.

In regard to the geographical distribution it may be stated that
as a rule the northern forms are much darker than the southern,
the Pacific coast variety has stouter pedipalps, with much shorter
fingers (see PI. II, Fig. 4) ; specimens from Texas and New Mexico
are transitional between those found in California and those of the
North Central States. Their pedipalps are considerably stouter than
the pedipalps of the eastern forms, but not so stout as the pedipalps
of the Pacific coast forms. The variety from the southwest should
be called muricatus Say, and on the coast scabriciilus Simon. The
northern variety with the black pedipalps might be called nigripalpiis
n. var., and the forms with strongly developed tubercles on the
cephalothorax and palpi, dcntatus n. var.

1761
1767
1778

1804
1804

1817

1821
1834
1834
1843
1843
1855

1855

1869
i86q

The Synonymy of Chclifer cancroides Linn.

Cliclifer cancroides Linne. Faun. Suec, ed. XXI, 345.
Phalangiuni cancroides Linne. Syst. Nat., edit. XII, p. 1028.
Chelifer europccus De Geer. Mem. Ins., VII, p. 355, PI. XIX,

figs. 14-15.
Chelifer cancroides Hermann. Mem. apter., p. 114.
Chelifer cancroides Latreille. Hist. nat. des crust. & ins.,

VII, p. 141, PI. VI, fig. 2.
Chclifer hermanni Leach. Zool. Misc., HI, p. 49, PI. 142,

fig- 3-
Chelifer muricatus Say. Jour. Acad. Phila., II, p. 63.
Chelifer cancroides Hahn. Arach., II, p. 52, fig. 139.
Chelifer ixoides Hahn. Arach., II, p. 53, fig. 140.
Chelifer granulatus Koch. Arachniden, Bd. X, p. 37, fig. /jj.
Chelifer cancroides Koch. Arachniden, Bd. X, p. 41, fig. 780.
Chelifer cancroides Menge. Ueber die Scheerenspinnen, Cher-

netidae, p. 30, Tab. IV, fig. 5.
Chelifer rhododactylus Menge. Ueber die Scheerenspinnen,

Chernetidse, p. 32, Tab. IV, fig. 6.
Chclifer cancroides Hagen. Rec. Amer. Ent., p. 51.
Chelifer muricatus Hagen. Rec. Amer. Ent., p. 51.

74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

1878. Chclifer scahricnlus Simon. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 154.

1879. Chclifer cancroides Simon. Arach. France, VII, p. 23, PI.

XVIII, fig. 2.
1 89 1. Chclifer degcncratus Balzan. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 532.
1895. Chclifer cancroides Banks. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, III, p. 3.
1895. Chelifer niuricatus Banks. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, III, p. 3.
1895. Chclifer scahriculus Banks. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, III, p. 4.
1899. Chelifer cancroides Tullgren. Ent. Tidskr., XX, p. 167, Tafl.

I, fig. I.
1908. Chelifer cancroides Coolidge. Psyche, December, 1908.
1908. Chelifer scabrisculus Coolidge. Psyclie, December. 1908.

Systematic Notes on Various Species.

In the notes given in the following pages two new species are
described, and there is also a complete description of Chelifer can-
croides. Most of the species mentioned have never been figured
before.
Chelifer cancroides Linn. (PI. I and II, all Figs.).

Male. — General appearance a chestnut brown, but the hands, fingers and
the cephalothorax darker than the rest of the body ; legs slightly paler than
the abdomen. Integument of the cephalothorax and first four segments of
the palpi evenly tuberculate.

Chelicerae about as long as the distance between the eyes on the cephalo-
thorax ; movable digit with the outer margin almost straight ; spinneret hya-
line, about three times as long as broad and ending in four small cusps.
Pedipalps rather long and slender ; trochanter subglobose, but more projecting
on the posterior side where it has a tendency to become angulate ; from this
point extends a rather prominent hair ; femur slightly longer than the cephalo-
thorax, constricted at its base and increasing slightly in width as you pass to
the distal end ; tibia almost as long and slightly wider than the femur, notched
on its anterior margin at the base ; hand as long as the tibia and about one
and a half times as broad ; fingers very slender, distinctly longer than the hand
and evenly curved. The trochanter of the pedipalps is rather well clothed on
its anterior surface, with short, stout almost clavate hairs ; femur and tibia
with fewer and more slender but similar hairs ; hairs on the hand and fingers
simple, and tapering, those on the fingers of two sizes, short numerous ones
and about 5 very long tactile hairs on each digit.

Cephalothorax about one and a third times as long as broad ; a single pair
of eyes present, cornea distinct ; two or three small chitinous tubercles present
on each side of cephalothorax.

Abdomen considerably broader than the cephalothorax, broadest near its

June, ipii.] EwiNG: NoTES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 75

middle and almost evenly rounded behind. From the posterior margin of
each of the first six abdominal segments there projects backward a pair of
spine-like tubercles situated near the lateral margins of the abdomen. These
tubercles are the most prominent on the second and third segments. Ab-
dominal scuta of almost equal thickness and covered with scale-like tubercles.
Each scutum has a transverse row of ten, short, clavate hairs situated near
its posterior margin. When the abdomen is viewed as a whole these hairs are
seen to be arranged into longitudinal rows.

Legs stout ; anterior pair longer than the first four segments of the pedi-
palps combined ; last pair which is considerably the stoutest extending beyond
the posterior margin of abdomen. The posterior cox3e are peculiar in possess-
ing each a prominent, stout, curved spine on its anterior border equal in
length to about one-third the width of the coxae. Femur of leg four some-
what swollen, almost one-half as broad as long.

Length 2.25 mm. ; breadth 1.20 mm.

Female. — The female differs from the male in being without the lateral,
posteriorly directed spurs on the abdominal scutse ; in being without the chitin-
ous spur on the last coxse ; and in having fewer and smaller hair-bearing,
tooth-like tubercles on the cephalothorax.

This description is drawn from specimens which do not show
the extremes of variation.

Chelanops corticis, new species (PI. Ill, Fig. 9).

Male. — A dark species. Pedipalps almost black ; cephalothorax a very
dark brown ; abdominal scuta dark.

Chelicerae about two-thirds as long as the trochanters of the pedipalps ;
movable digit much stouter and also longer than the fixed one ; spinneret
rather large, about two-thirds as long as the finger upon which it is situated,
with six spine-like processes toward its tip, the two distal of which are the
largest and are curved outward. On its inner distal margin the movable digit
is provided with an inwardly directed, curved claw and an anteriorly directed,
straight, sharp spine about twice as long as the curved claw.

Pedipalps stout ; longer than the body ; trochanter subglobose and a little
over one-half as long as the femur : femur with short pedicel, narrowest near
its middle ; external margin of femur strongly convex, internal margin con-
cave for its distal one-half ; tibia about as long as femur, but broader, swollen
on its inner side and almost evenly convex on its outer side ; hand as long
as the fingers, the latter stout, provided with a distal claw ; teeth, large and
sharp. All the parts of the pedipalp except the fingers clothed with short,
stout, but not clavate hairs ; fingers with many short but more tapering hairs
and with about six long tactile bristles. The hairs of the fingers arise from
mitlute tubercles, and in this respect differ from those of most species of the
genus.

Cephalothorax two-thirds as broad as long, with two indistinct indica-
tions of segmentation and apparently without eyes.

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. XIX.

Abdomen twice as long as broad ; last scutum undivided ; all the scuta
well and evenly tuberculate, and sparsely clothed with short clavate hairs,
except at its tip where the hairs are a little longer and not clavate.

Legs medium in size, last pair just reaching the posterior margin of
abdomen.

Length, 2.50 mm. ; breadth, 1.25 mm.

Female very similar, but apparently a little smaller than the male.

Chelanops floridae Balzan (PI. IH, Fig. 10).

Several specimens of this species are in the Cornell Collection.
They were obtained by P. B. Powell from imder the bark of a dead
pine at Lake Lucy, Fla. This species strongly resembles C. latus
Banks, to which I at first referred it. A specimen sent to Banks,
however, was pronounced by him to be not his latus but C. floridce
Balzan. I have figured the right pedipalp.

Chelanops pallidus Banks (PL III, Fig. 11).

The figure given of the right pedipalp of this species is made
from a specimen that agrees perfectly with one thus determined for
me by Banks as his pallidus. This species has not been figured
before.

Chelanops sanborni (Hagen) (PI. IH, Fig. 12).

Hagen's description of this species is so inadequate that the
species should be entirely redescribed, but since I have only three
specimens and one of these is immature, I here give only a figure
of one of the pedipalps.

Obisium brunneum Hagen (PI. Ill, Fig. 13).

As no figure has been published of this species one is given in this
paper. This is a common species in the northern states. Banks
agrees with my determination of my specimens.

Blothrus magnus, new species (PL IV, Fig. 14).

A very large species. Color of cephalothorax and pedipalps reddish
brown ; abdomen and legs almost white ; dorsal plates of the abdomen some-
what darker.

Chelicerai large, about two-thirds as long as the cephalothorax ; digits
rather long and only moderately curved ; teeth large ; spinneret a small, light
brown tubercle ; about as broad as long. Pedipalps large, long and strong ;
trochanter about as long as the chelicerae, not swollen and possessing a very
small tubercle on its posterior margin near the distal end ; femur almost as
long as the cephalothorax plus the mandibles, gradually increasing in width as
you pass from the base to the tip ; tibia almost as long as the femur, with a

June, 191 1.] EwING: NoTES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 77

long slightly curved pedicel which is equal to about one-third the total length
of the segment, pedicel slightly convex on the outer side, but more strongly
concave on the inner side ; hand shorter than the tibia, its pedicel prominent,
as long as broad ; fingers a trifle longer than the hand and curved inward
toward their tips. All the segments of the pedipalps sparsely clothed with
rather long simple hairs, some of these hairs are as long as the width of the
femur.

Cephalothorax rectangular, distinctly longer than broad. Eyes absent,
also the eye pits. The edges of the cephalothorax are slightly concave at
their anterior ends, just posterior to this slight concavity there is a prominent
simple hair : anterior margin of cephalothorax slightly convex.

Abdomen much longer than the cephalothorax ; dorsal plates very thin,
smooth and hairless. The whole abdomen is apparently without any hairs.

Legs rather slender. When the front pair is extended reaching beyond the
tip of the chelicerse by half their length ; posterior pair stouter than the rest
and when extended backward reaching the tip of the abdomen ; femur of the
last leg almost twice as broad as the tibia.

Length 4 mm. ; breadth i mm.

Described from a single specimen in the Cornell Collection,
lot no. 342. It was collected at Shasta Springs, Calif. This is the
second species of this genus to be recorded from the United States.

Chthonius longipalpus Banks (PI. V, Fig. 15).

This species is extremely abtmdant around Ithaca, N. Y. If one
will turn up most any old log, or an old piece of wood, or a flat stone
during the fall of the year, he will seldom fail to find one or more of
these pseudoscorpions. They are very curious little creatures, and
when disturbed throw back their long " pinchers," held wide open
in an attitude of defense. Since they are so very small creatures
such fruitless actions seldom fail to produce both amazement and
laughter on the part of those who have thus accidentally intruded
upon their premises. A drawing of the species is here the first time
given.

List of Species Examined, with their Situations and
Localities.

Fam. CHELIFERID^..
Gen. CHELIFER.
Chelifer cancroides Linn. Faun. Suec, ed. XXI, 345, 1767.

I. Portage, Wisconsin. Several specimens from under the bark of a
conifer. Collected Sept. i and 2, 1909, by myself.

78 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

2. Ames, Iowa. Scores of individuals found in various situations. A

colony of them found under the bark of Qitercus alba. Collected at
various times in 1909 and 1910 by the writer.

3. Ithaca, New York. Several specimens from various situations. Cor-

nell University Collection.

4. Borodino, New York. Two specimens from a bee-hive. Cornell Uni-

versity Collection.

5. Otto, New York.. A large number of individuals taken from under a

barn floor. Collected by Professor Comstock : Cornell University Col-
lection.

6. Columbia, Missouri. An abundance of material but no situation given.

Collected by C. R.. Crosby : Cornell University Collection, lot 305.

7. Havana, Illinois. Several individuals from under the bark of trees

standing in shallow water of the Illinois River. Collected by the
writer Aug. 9, 1908.

8. Urbana, Illinois. Various individuals from different situations. Col-

lected by Dr. J. W. Folsom and by the writer.

9. Areola, Illinois. Four specimens from under bark and one in a dwell-

ing house. Collected by the writer.

10. Marshall, Illinois. Several specimens collected under the bark of
oaks by the writer in 1908.

11. Farrington, Illinois. Several specimens from under bark. Collected
by the writer, Apr. 10, 1909.

12. Xenia, Ohio. Several specimens from under bark. Collected by the

writer, Sept. 14, 191 o.

13. -Austin, Texas. Two specimens, situation not known. Collected by

Prof. Comstock in the spring of 1903.

14. Albuquerque, New Mexico. One specimen without situation. Col-

lected by E. J. Oslar, Sept. 10, 1903. Cornell University Collection,
lot 248.

15. Palo Alto, California. A single specimen, no situation. Cornell

University Collection, lot 305.

16. San Mateo, California. Seven specimens, no situation given; collected

Nov. 4. Cornell University Collection.

Gen. CHELANOPS.
Chelanops pallidus (Banks). Can. Ent., XXII, p. 152.

1. Ithaca, N^ew ^'ork. Two specimens, one found hanging to the leg of

a house-fly. One specimen collected by the writer, the other is in the
Cornell University Collection.

2. Areola, Illinois. Several individuals taken from under bark. Col-

lected by the writer in 1908 and 1909.

3. Marshall, Illinois. Two specimens from under the bark of living oaks,

and one from under the bark of a log. Collected by the writer in
the fall of 1908.

June, ipii.] EwING: NoTES ON PsEUDOSCORPIONS. 79

Chelanops corticis, new species.

1. Havana, Illinois. Two specimens from under bark of trees standing

in water. Collected by the writer Aug. 9, 1908.

2. Urbana, Illinois. Two specimens, situation unknown. Collected by Dr.

J. W. Folsom in March, 1902.

Chelanops floridae Balzan. Ann. See. Ent. Fr., 1891, p. 524.

I. Lake Lucy, Florida. Several specimens from under bark of dead pine.
Collected by P. B. Powell, Feb. 25, 1907. Cornell University Col-
lection.

Chelanops sanborni (Hagen). Record Am. Ent.. 1868, p. 51.

1. Muncie, Illinois. One specimen from moss. Collected by the writer

June 16, 1908,

2. Urbana, Illinois. One specimen from under a log. Collected by the

writer July 2.-J, 1908.

3. Ithaca, New York. Two specimens, no situation given. Collected

May. 1902. Cornell University Collection.
Chelanops oblongus Say. Acad. Phila., II, p. 64.

1. Muncie, Illinois. One specimen from under bark. Collected by the

writer June 16, 1908.

2. Urbana, Illinois. One specimen from under the bark of a log. Col-

lected by J. W. Folsom, Aug. 19, 1909.

3. Marshall, Illinois. Two specimens from under the bark of logs. Col-

lected by the writer Feb. 6, 1909.

4. Ithaca, New York. Many specimens, but no situations given. Col-

lected by J. O. Martin. Cornell University Collection.

Fam. IDEOBISIID.E.
Gen. IDEOBISIUM.
Ideobisium rufulum (Banks). Can. Ent., XXIII, p. 166.

I. Covington, Virginia. Many specimens. Collected by C. R. Crosby,
Sept., 1905. Cornell University Collection.

Fam. OBISIID/E.
Gen. OBISIUM.
Obisium brunneum Hagen. Rec. Amer. Ent., 1868. p. 52.

1. Ames, Iowa. One specimen under an old piece of wood. Collected

by the writer Sept. 11, 1909.

2. Cambridge, Mass. One specimen, no situation given. Collected by C.

R. Crosby. Cornell University Collection.

Gen. BLOTHRUS.
Blothrus magnus, new species.

I. Shasta Springs, California. One specimen. Collected in July, 1902.
Cornell University Collection, lot 342.

80 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

Gen. CHTHONIUS.
Chthonius longipalpus Banks. Can. Ent., XXIII, p. 164.

1. Ithaca, New York. Several specimens from under stones. Collected

by the writer during the fall of 1910.

2. Woods Holl, Mass. Three specimens. Collected by J. E. Guthrie.

3. District of Columbia. One specimen, no situation given. Cornell

University Collection, lot 241.

Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen. Rec. Amer. Ent., 1868, p. 52.

1. Minneapolis. Minn. One specimen from under damp bark on river

bluffs. Collected by J. E. Guthrie. Ajir. 24. iqoo.

2. Hillery, Illinois. One specimen from moss. Collected by C. A. Hart

and J. Zetek, March 4, 1908.

Chthonius moestus Banks. Can. Ent., XXIII, p. 165.

I. Columbia, Missouri. Several specimens. Collected by C. R. Crosby
during the month of March. Cornell University Collection.

Explanation of Plates.

Plate I.

Fig. I. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Dorsal view of female, X 26. This
figure represents an individual about midway between the extremes of variation.

Plate II.

Fig. 2. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Dorsal view of chelicera, pedipalps,
and the anterior part of abdomen of male, X26. This figure was drawn from
a specimen collected at Ames, la. It should have the varietal name of nigri-
palpus n. var.

Fig. 3. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Dorsal view of the chelicera, pedipalp,
and the anterior part of the abdomen of male, X 26. Figure made from speci-
mens collected under a stable floor at Otto, N. Y. It should have the varietal
name of dentatus n. var.

Fig. 4. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Dorsal view of the chelicera, pedipalp,
and the anterior part of the abdomen of male, X 26. Individuals with the
characters shown in this drawing have gone under the specific name of C.
scabriculus Simon, but they should be considered only as constituting a variety
of C. cancroides Linn.

Fig. 5. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Movable digit of chelicera, from above,
X 260.

Fig. 6. Chelifer cancroides Linn. Posterior part of cephalothorax and
anterior part of abdomen of male, X 26. Drawn from a bark specimen from
Xenia. O.

Fig. 7. Same as Fig. 6 except the specimen from which the drawing was
made was taken from under bark at Havana. 111.

Journ. N. V. Eiit. Soc.

Vol. XIX. Plate I.

H. R. EwiNc; ad iiat. del.

Chelifer cancroides Linn.

Journ. N. Y. But. Soc.

Vol. XIX. Plate II.

H. E. EwiNG ad uat. del.

Chelifer cancroides Linn.

Journ. N. V. Ent. So

Vol. XIX. Plate III.

H. E. \:\w^y, ad iiat. del.

Chelanops and Obisiiim.

Jouin. N. Y. Euf. Soc. Vol. XIX. Plate IV.

14

H. E. EwiNG ad nat. del

Blothrus magnus sp. iiov.

Journ. N. v. Ent. Soc. Vol. XIX. Plate V.

15

H, E. E\viN-(; aii iiat . del.

Chtlionius longipalpus Banks.

June, ipii.] Barnes-]McDunnough : New Lepidoptera. 81

Fig. 8. Same as Fig. 6 except the specimen from which the drawing was
made was taken from a dwelling house at Areola, 111.

Plate III.
Fig. g. Chclanops corticis sp. nov. Right pedipalp from above. X 26.
Fig. 10. Chelanops floridar Balzan. Right pedipalp from above, X 26.
Fig. II. Chelanops pallidiis Banks. Right pedipalp from above, X 40.
Fig. 12. Chelanops sanborni (Hagen). Right pedipalp from above, X 40.
Fig. 13. Obisinm hninnenm Hagen. Right chelicera from above, X 260.

Plate IV.
Fig. 14. Blothrus magniis sp. nov. Dorsal view, X 18.

Plate V.
Fig. 15. ChthoniHS longipalpus Banks. Dorsal view of female, X 22.

ADDITIONAL NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

By Wm. Barnes, M.D., and J. McDunnough, Ph.D.,
Decatur, III.

Family NOTODONTID^.

Schizura biedermani, new species.

Male. — Head and thorax dark purplish-gray with decided reddish tinge on
pro- and metathoracic tufts ; posterior portion of patagia bordered with black ;
abdomen dorsally light yellow brown with darker tuft on first segment, beneath
light purplish-gray ; femora clothed with dark purple hairs. Primaries, ground
color olivaceous brown, only apparent on lower portion of wing, costal half
shaded with purplish, very dark at base of wing, much lighter, almost gray,
towards apex ; fine black basal dash, extending below cubital vein to t.a. line ;
subbasal line distinct, black, geminate, extending only to anal vein ; t.a. line
geminate, slightly lunulate, indistinct in costal portion, inwardly angled on
anal vein ; at end of cell a thin black bar, slightly concave outwardly, with a
black dash extending from its center to t.p. line ; indistinct curved blackish
median shade, rarely extending completely across wing, half way between end
of cell and t.p. line ; t.p. line indistinct in costal portion, composed of a series
of incurved light ochreous lunules, shaded with blackish towards base of wing,
and followed outwardly by suffused reddish shading ; apex light purplish-gray
with black apical dash ; series of more or less distinct submarginal black dashes,
bordered outwardly with whitish ; veins in outer portion of wing shaded with

82 Journal New York Extomological Society. tVoi. xix.

black ; terminal row of indistinct reddish dots at base of fringes ; these latter
checkered, ochreous and black. Secondaries iridescent white, slightly yellow-
ish along inner margin ; costal margin and small anal patch smoky brown ;
veins slightly marked with black near anal angle ; fringes white.

Beneath, primaries, dark smoky, broadly white below apex along outer
margin ; costa white near apex with several black markings ; secondaries as
above ; costal margin black with single light dot ; dark anal patch confined to
fringes. Expanse, 50 mm.

Female. — More suflFused dark purplish-gray on primaries, markings as a
rule less distinct than in male ; secondaries smoky brown, lighter on disk,
inner margin yellowish, with black lunule near anal angle ; beneath, dark
smoky brown, broadly white along inner margin of secondaries ; apical portion
of costa on primaries white, with black dashes ; outer margin sprinkled with
gray; fringes of secondaries whitish; traces of black anal patch. Expanse
59 mm.

//a&//a/.— Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Ariz., 9 33, 5 $?, Types, Coll.
Barnes.

We take pleasure in naming this species after Mr. C. Biederman,
from whom we obtained the specimens. Considerable variation ex-
ists in the extent of purplish suffusion and the clearness of the mark-
ings, but on the whole the transverse bands are more clearly defined
than in any other N. Am. Schhiira, with the exception perhaps of
unicornis A. & S.

Larva. — Head shiny brown, slightly marbled with darker ; width at broadest
portion 5 mm. ; lobes united dorsally with scarcely perceptible suture. Body
smooth, cylindrical, with slight hump on eighth abdominal segment ; meso-
and prothorax much contracted, forming a sort of neck; dorsal portion of
body black with a faint white geminate dorsal stripe and a broken subdorsal
one of similar color ; lateral portion yellowish-white, tinged with orange
dorsally and crossed by five longitudinal black stripes, the lowest of which is
broken and confined to the anterior portion of each segment ; a broad stig-
matical band of orange-yellow, containing the pale ochreous stigmata ; area
below band yellowish with two black stripes ; legs and prolegs brown, latter
with black lateral markings ; dorsal hump light brown (as far as could be
ascertained) ; anal plate brown. Length approximately 32 mm.

Described from a full-grown dried specimen received along with
the imagines.

Family LASIOCAMPID.^.

Dendrolimus juvenalis, new species.

Male. — Antenn.e strongly pectinate, light brown : thorax deep black-brown,
sprinkled with gray ; abdomen reddish-brown, slightly banded with gray and

June, iQii.] Barnes-McDunnough : New Lepidoptera. 83

with black anal tuft, outer margin of both wings scalloped ; primaries deep
brown in basal half, strongly shaded with gray in outer portion ; a broad
chocolate-brown band broadest on costa crosses the wing ; the inner margin of
this is only indistinctly defined with gray, the band tending to become entirely
amalgamated with basal portion of wing, which is similar in color ; outer margin
of band outcurved opposite cell, dentate in lower portion where it is shaded with
gray ; band contains a minute white dot in cell, situated on a suffused black
dash extending from near base of wing outwards to subterminal area ; a den-
tate gray line parallel to outer margin of band, followed by a series of broad,
black, submarginal arrow-like marks of which that between veins M3 and Cuj
is more in the nature of a transverse dash and situated closer to outer mar-
gin ; terminal area gray ; fringes dark brown. Secondaries red-brown with
broad, slightly darker outer border; fringes dark, tipped with white. Beneath,
primaries pale brown at base, darker outwardly and along costa, veins marked
in light ; a whitish diffuse shade on costa near apex and traces of two trans-
verse whitish bands ; outer margin sprinkled with purple ; secondaries pale
brown with banding of primaries, basal portion of costa dark brown, extending
inwards along first transverse band ; outer margin suffused with purplish ;
fringes as above. Expanse, 60 mm.

Female. — Primaries pale reddish-brown, basal area and band slightly
darker ; all markings much paler and less contrasted than in ^, tending to
obsolescence ; secondaries, still paler, with darker marginal band of (^ scarcely
traceable ; beneath unicolorous light red-brown. Expanse, y:i mm.

Habitat. — Cochise Co., Ariz. 2 6<S, 2 ??, Types, Coll. Barnes.

Very closely related to Glover ia vcncrabilis Edw. as figured by
Druce (Biol. Cent. Am. Het., PI. 85, fig. 7). Through the kindness
of Dr. Dyar we have examined a c?" agreeing well with Druce's figure ;
our specimens are much darker in ground color, the gray banding of
primaries more irregularly dentate, especially the case with the inner of
the two lines beyond the cell, and the submarginal line is considerably
more broken and irregular towards the anal angle than in vcnerahilis.
Edwards's description was made from a single 2 and does not agree
very well with the 2 ?$ before us from Arizona. When more mate-
rial can be obtained it may prove but a local form of vcnerahilis, but
for the present the differences noted warrant it being kept distinct.
The specimens were received from Mr. Owen of Los Angeles, who
bred them during a collecting" trip in Arizona.

Family NOCTUID^.
Cerma nana, new species.

Male. — Palpi but slightly upturned, black, tipped with orange ; antennae
very faintly ciliate ; front and thorax ochreous ; abdomen gray ; primaries

84 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

ochreous. somewhat irrorate with brown in median and subterminal areas ;
dark patch on costa at base ; t.a. line dark brown, rather indistinct, arising
from a dark spot on costa, irregularly dentate, outwardly oblique, bordered
inwardly with orange, and preceded by some slight dark scaling ; orbicular and
reniform broadly outlined in orange with a dark center and outer margin ; latter
spot often indistinct with large triangular smoky spot directly above it on costa,
and dark shading below extending to inner margin ; t.p. line dark brown, finely
dentate, indistinct in costal portion, slightly incurved on submedian fold,
shaded outwardly with orange ; costal margin beyond triangular spot smoky with
several yellowish dots ; subterminal area shaded with dark ; faint broken black
terminal line preceded by slight orange scaling ; fringes dusky, lighter in outer
half with minute ochreous basal dots opposite the veins. Secondaries smoky
brown with indistinct discal spot and median line, fringes lighter, with ochreous
basal dots. Beneath, primaries smoky brow-n with lighter shading in costal
portion and several ochreous dots on costa near apex ; fringes as above ; secon-
daries light ochreous, heavily sprinkled with dark scaling, and with prominent
discal lunule and median band ; fringes pale ochreous. Expanse, 19 mm.

Habitat. — San Diego, Calif. 6 c^d". Type, Coll. Barnes.
The pale ground ec/lor, with dark costal i)atches, and orange shad-
ing to macnlation should readily distinguish this species.

Cerma oaklandise, new species.

Male. — Palpi upturned, whitish, shaded with black outwardly on second
joint; antennae ciliate ; front smooth, light gray; vertex of head and thorax
scaled with gray, black and olivaceous ; abdomen gray ; primaries gray, heavily
and evenly irrorate with blackish and olivaceous scaling, with indistinct macu-
lation and no contrasting portions of wing ; a dark basal line in costal portion
of wing ; t.a. line dark, inwardly oblique to cubitus, sharply angled just below
this vein, thence outwardly inclined to just before inner margin where it again
forms a slight angle ; area between it and basal line but very slightly lighter
than remainder of wing; orbicular and reniform indistinct, whitish with darker
centers, the former circular, the latter not well defined towards costa ; beneath
orbicular traces of a dark angular mark ; t.p. line irregularly dentate, well
curved around reniform, from thence to inner margin practically parallel to
outer margin, bordered outwardly very slightly with white : subterminal area
with a few dark shades below apex and a broken dark terminal line ; fringes
checkered, with dark median liand ; secondaries smoky, lighter towards base
with prominent oval discal .spot. Beneath smoky ; primaries with t.p. line
slightly defined in blackish and proceeding from a black spot on costa ; fringes
gray, checkered with black ; secondaries lighter than above with dark discal dot
and dentate median line ; fringes unicolorous gray ; black broken terminal line
to both wings. Expanse, 23.5 mm.

Habitat. — Oakland, Calif. 2 c?J'. Type, Coll. Barnes. Co-type,
Coll. F. H. Wolley-Dod.

June, igii.] Barnes-McDunnough : New Lepidoptera. 85

This species is very closely related to C. fascia Sm. of which we
possess the co-type. Apart from its smaller size it may be distin-
guished by the more even coloration of primaries, the contrasting
areas being practically lacking. The macnlation is more indistinct
than in fascia, and the secondaries more smoky, with an oval discal
spot and not a lunule; the vertex of head is scaled as the thorax,
whereas in fascia it is creamy white like the front.
Cerma flavidior, new species.

Male. — Palpi upturned, shorter than in allied species, creamy, with second
joint outwardly black ; front and vertex of head ochreous ; thorax largely scaled
with orange, mixed with blackish ; abdomen silky gray ; primaries deep purple,
heavily scaled with yellow along costa, and with areas between basal and t.a.
line, and beyond t.p. line bright yellow ; maculation much as in other Cerma
species ; t.a. line dentate, slightly outwardly oblique ; orbicular circular, yellow-
ish, with dark center and dark costal shade above it, reniform obscure ; t.p. line
dentate, sharply angled just belew costa, well exserted beyond cell, strongly
incurved below reniform ; s.t. line represented by a brown costal shade before
apex, continued faintly across yellow area of wing to anal angle, where it
forms several more distinct brown dashes ; prominent dark broken terminal
line ; fringes ochreous : checkered slightly with darker. Secondaries slightly
smoky with faint discal spot and median line ; fringes concolorous. Beneath
ochreous, shaded with smoky brown ; prominent discal dash and subterminal
line on both wings ; costa of primaries with dark markings near apex. Ex-
panse. 27 mm.

Habitat. — Esmeralda Co., Nevada, i S. Type, Coll. Barnes.

The broad yellow sub-basal and terminal areas should serve to
distinguish this species from C. fascia Sm. with which it is practically
identical in maculation. We should have hesitated in regarding this
as a good species if it were not for the palpi, which are much shorter
than in fascia. In this species they extend well to vertex of head,
whilst in flavidior they barely reach the middle of front. Hampson
has used this feature to separate the two genera Bryophila and
Cerma, actually placing fascia in the first mentioned genus along with
sarcpta Barnes, and leaving our other N. Am. species where they
were. If the species should be separated at all on this point, an
examination of the palpi has convinced us that cuerva Barnes, galva
Stkr. and our new species oaklaiidicv should also be removed from
their present genus and placed in Bryophila, whilst sarcpta Barnes
must be restored once more to Cerma. Not having had the chance to
examine the type of the genus Bryophila we consider it safer to leave
for the present all the species in the genus Cerma.

86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

ON THE IDENTITY OF THECLA MUIRI,
HENRY EDWARDS.

By Wm. Phillips Comstock,
Ne\v.\rk, N. J.

When Henry Edwards described Thccla mniri in 1881 (Papilio,
Vol. I, p. 53), he stated that it was "allied to T. nclsoni Bdv., but
undoubtedly distinct." Nevertheless, W. H. Edwards in his catalogue
of 1884 (Revised Cat. Diurnal Lep., etc.) places mniri as a variety
of T. nelsoni, Bdv., with no comment. Other cataloguers (H. Skin-
ner, H. G. Dyar) since then have followed suit and the insect has
apparently escaped notice in literature except for these catalogue
references and a reference and figure in Wright's Butterflies of the
West Coast, which is erroneous.

I have recently been studying a series of Thccla blcnina Hew.,
numbering about eighty specimens, about half of which were from
Eureka and Stockton, Utah, and the others from Port Wingate,
New Mexico. In working over this material I found a predominance
from the Utah localities of a form in which the general tone of the
under side of the wings is a purple or violet brown. From New
Mexico, on the other hand, the specimens are mainly of the typical
form, with well defined green under-coloration. By working over
the insects I found a complete set of intergrades between the two
extremes of under-coloration and selected a series of thirty specimens
which showed intergradation. This series presented wide minor color
variations and some striking variability in the discal line of the
secondaries.

Being familiar with the typical material of the Henry Edwards
collection, I suspected that the purple form might agree with T. mniri,
although I got no encouragement from a study of the original de-
scription. I took a series of specimens to the American Museum of
Natural History for purpose of comparison, and found two females
in my series which agreed with the type female of mniri in every
particular except that the band across the disc of the primaries in
the type started from the costa a shade nearer the apex than in my
specimens. Upon examination of the other specimens in my series,

87

June, I91I.] CoMSTOCK: IDENTITY OF ThECLA MUIRI.

I Observed a like amount of variation in the starting of this Hne in
certain individuals, so that I selected the two females above men-
tioned as identical with the type. Male specimens in my series did
not agree so closely with the type male muiri. The differences, how-
ever were entirely in the shading of the ground color, and not m the
marking The marking of the type male and female of T. mmn were
exactly identical with the marking of the majority of the specimens
in my series. The result of my examinations is that I consider my
series of what I had thought a purple form of T. blenina from Utah
localities to be identical with the types of T. muiri, which came from
Mendocino County, Cal. ^ t tt^ •

I thus arrive at my main conclusion that T. rnrnn Hy. Edw., is
related to T. blenina Hew., and not to T. nelsoni Bdv., to which it
has heretofore been attributed. Secondly, I consider that the name
muiri should be retained to designate the purple form as a variety
of T. blenina, and that our lists should be corrected to read as follows:
Thecla blenina, Hew. var. muiri Hy. Edwards.

In reference to the original description of T. midri, I wish to
point out that it is entirely inadequate and positively misleading to
any one trying to identify an insect from it. The description omits
mention of the ground color beneath the wings which, as the type
insect shows, is a violet or purple brown shading with scattered blac^k
scales Moreover, it points out a distinction between T. mmn and T.
nelsoni which does not exist; namely that "the fringes (in T. mmri)
are concolorous with the wings instead of white" (in T. nelsom).
The fringes in the tvpe of T. muiri are not concolorous with the
wings but grayish and, in fresh specimens of the insect, of a sordid
white. The fringes in T. nelsoni are grayish also and noticeably
darker than the ground color of the wings, and not white.

88 Journal Xevv York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

ON XANTHCECIA BUFFALOENSIS GRT. AND
PAPAIPEMA LATIA STRK.

By Henry Bird,
Rye, N. Y.

But few of the noctuid moths described by Grote from the eastern
United States have seemed more elusive or entirely submerged in
oblivion since being first exploited than Xantluvcia huffaloensis. ' De-
scribed by him in 1877 (Can. Ent., IX, 88) the single example con-
stituting his type was ultimately deposited in the British Museum and
American students generally were unfamiliar with its exact habitus.
Until the appearance of Hampson's Catalogue, Vol. IX, 1910, the
species had never been figured and as it was known to approach a
certain section of the numerous Papaipona group, left an uncertainty
which its further non-appearance failed to excite. The type example
is presumed to have been a capture at light, but if bred no refer-
ence was made to the fact or to the food-plant. Its larva is beyond
question a borer in some herbaceous stem or root, with a habit and
life cycle similar to the Papaipema larva, and when the writer's inves-
tigations of the latter led to Buffalo, X. Y., the type locality of huffa-
loensis, this species was kept particularly in mind. While another
Grote species, P. nccopina, described from this locality in 1876 and
long misunderstood, was found to be flourishing in larval abundance,
no sign or intimation of huffaloensis could be detected. Grote had
described the species under the generic group Ochria, associating
with it his species sauzcclita from California and considered them
congeneric with O. flavago of Europe. In Hampson's recent studies
the new genus Xanthoccia has been created for huffaloensis and
flavago, their form of thoracic cresting and tuberculate frons differ-
ing from cither Papaipema or Hydraccia, which have the head smooth
in front. Flavago seems to be common and widely distributed, has
been known for a century, and its list of food-plants includes Carduus,
Arctium, Verbascuni, Artemisia, etc. Such a list gives little clue, if
an analogy be drawn with Papaipema, for it would suggest that such
cosmopolitan weeds are those used by the latter when a substitute
becomes necessary for their preferred, indigenous food-plant. The
very rarity of huff'aloensis might argue that it does not make a choice

June, iQii.] Bird: On Xanthcecia buffaloensis Grt. 89

among such common weeds, though the probability that it might work
in any aquatic plant would be cjissipated. The European flora now
supporting flavago can be little like primordial conditions whereas we
may expect to find buffaloensis still boring its primitive food-plant.
Failure to discover this larva at Buffalo served to intensify interest
in the species, so it was with much gratification that an example from
Mr. F. Marloff, taken at Oak Station, Pa., October i, 1910, was
recently identified for him as the lost Grote species. In replying to
congratulations over the re-discovery Mr. Marloff stated he had cap-
tured the specimen at a street lamp, in a prolific locality where a
roadway winds down from the high country into a valley. At this
point Papaipcma furcata, P. merriccata and Chccphora fungorum
have been taken, the varied flora of the imnnediate vicinity offering
special advantages for the commingling of desirable species.

There could not be dispelled, however, the notion that the insect
had been seen before and the impression finally became strong that in
Papaipema latia Strk. we had previously met a counterpart. Some
years ago Stecker's type of latia had been seen and upon comparing
my notes and pencil sketch of the same with the Marloff specimen
and Hampson's figure it seemed quite clear that but one species could
be involved. Though the type of latia was not examined for a tuber-
culate frons, my note reads : " It seems probably an Ochria." Still
further confirmation was needed and application was made to Mr.
W. J. Gerhard, of the Field Museum, Chicago, who has the Strecker
collection in charge. He very kindly compared /a/ia type with Hamp-
son's figure of buffaloensis, following my suggestion to examine for
a tubercle on the frons of latia.

Mr. Gerhard reports that my surmise is undoubtedly correct, stat-
ing that he "fails to see any difference that would justify anyone in
regarding them as being two distinct forms." The slight difference
he can detect is that Strecker's type is less highly colored and that
the postmedial line is more fasciate than Hampson's figure, both of
which features were apparent in the Marloff specimen. Most impor-
tant of all, he states that " the front between the eyes has a distinct
tubercle, which, however, is not so pronounced as on the other species
of the genus, namely, flavago of Europe, which was likewise exam-
ined." Had latia a smooth frons no matter how close the superficial
resemblance, it would remain distinct from buffaloensis, but with the

90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°1- ^i^-

tubercle and the other features agreeing, there is no room for question.
Strecker described htia as an Hydraccia in 1899 (Lep. Rhop. &
Het., Suppl. 2, p. 6), so the earlier Grote name must be retained. Its
early history is unknown, and but one other example identified as
such, is all that the writer recalls having knowledge of. So the quest
for two rarities merges into one, a thing to be thankful for when we
arc seriously pursuing larval histories.

ANOTHER SPECIES OF PERO HERR. SCHAEF.

By Richard F. Pearsall,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

In Proceedings of U. S. National Museum (Vol. 38, pp. 359-376)
Mr. J. A. Grossbeck has recently published a very thorough and excel-
lent paper, separating the various species formerly massed as one
under the old genus Azclina Hub., and placing them under the genus
Pero Herr Sch., where they rightly belong. The inclusion of occi-
dcntalis Hulst (Mannarca) and of Colorado Gross., both having den-
tate antennae in the males, does not accord with my present opinion,
but it does not detract in any way from the value of the service he
has performed. In concluding a brief summary of results, he remarks
(page 360) "that several examples have been treated as geographical
races, but may yet be found to be distinct." One of these I have
received since my material was submitted to him in a series of nearly
one hundred, including both sexes. Mr. Grossbeck, who has seen
them, advises me that he had several poor specimens before him, but
the similarity in genitalia to niodcstus Gross and the paucity of his
material deterred him from separating them from it at that time. It
is to be noted that the home of this new species is in northern Utah,
while modest Its occurs most plentifully in southern and central Ari-
zona, though I have one straggler from Durango, Col. All of my
specimens were taken from May 7 to June 24, excepting a single
pauperized male on August 3, while my large series of niodcstus were
captured in September and October. Apart from their apparent un-
likeness when the groups are contrasted, they can not be seasonal

June, I9II.] PeARSALL: ANOTHER SpECIES OF PeRO. 91

forms of the same species, because no early records of niodestus, as
I have limited it, are obtainable. I have given, in describing it here-
with and with great satisfaction, the name of

Fig. I. Male genitalia of Pero grossbecki sp. nov.

Pero grossbecki, new species.

Expanse 30-32 mm. Palpi and front dark gray, the former tipped with
white. Vertex paler or whitish in some cases. In all my examples a white
line crosses front below antennae, which are yellowish white barred with dark
gray basally. Thorax an even dark gray. Abdomen paler, finely flecked with
black. The front and thorax are often washed with purplish. Ground color
of wings above, ashen darkened by a sprinkling of black atoms, heaviest over
median area of primaries, and gathered into short strigations over basal area.
Inner line of primaries black, clearly defined, strongly scalloped, that beneath
costa larger and longer. Median area heavily sprinkled with black and hav-
ing an irregular heavy black shading across wing, within outer line, paling
out centrally. This area is sometimes tinged with pale chocolate, but never
exhibits the ruddy brown of modestns, nor the patch of rusty scales, near to
or surrounding the discal dot, as in that species. Outer transverse black line
clearly defined, strongly sinuate. Outer space paler and smoother ; a broad
pale, purplish ashen band, becoming a whitish irregular line at center, suc-
ceeds the outer line — beyond that to margin a little darkened. Marginal black
line not present in its entirety in even the best examples, but often running
only from angle at vein 4 around anal angle to median area, heavier and
darkened at the latter portion. Intervenular white dots varyingly present,
that between veins 3 and 4 ringed with black, or entirely black. Fringe like
ground color. Discal dots small linear or angulate, white. Transverse line on
secondaries black, bordered externally with white and much waved, the convo-
lutions smaller toward costal region. Outside this line to margin the wing
is paler, except at anal angle where black scales are clustered, and the marginal
line becomes broadly black, sending inward between veins, two or three black
triangles. A white dot circled with black between veins 6 and 7 at margin

92 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society, ["^'o'- ^I-^-

is present in nearly all examples. Fringes colored as in primaries, paler
basally, and sometimes tinged with brown. Discal dots dusky, oval, very
faint. Beneath silvery gray, dusted with black atoms. On primaries these are
heaviest along costa and at outer margin. Extra discal, if present, is not
prominent. Discal dots small, white. Intervenular dots at margin reproduced
as above, but all white. Marginal line hardly apparent. Secondaries have
extra-discal strongly reproduced, black, heavier toward inner margin and much
more serrate than above, externally bordered with white. Discal dots large,
oval, jet black, frequently pupilled with white.

Type: male and female from Eureka, Utah, May 21, 1909, with
co-types. Thirteen males and 5 females are retained in my own col-
lection. The latter from same locality taken in 1909 and 1910 with
the exception of one male from Stockton, Utah, August 3, 1902, re-
ferred to previously. This may represent a fragmentary second
hrood at that period. The rest of my co-types were captured between
May 7 and June 14. As grouped they present a marked contrast in
black and gray to modcstus. pcplaroidcs and gigantcus, with their
rusty browns and reddish hues.

The genitalia as shown in the figure differ a little from those of
modcstus. but seem to me even shorter and broader.

THE OCCURRENCE OF THE MYMARID GENUS
MYMAR HALIDAY IN NORTH AMERICA.

By a. a. Girault,
Urbana, III.

The type genus of the family Mymaridre has been found to occur
in England, Germany, Austria, perhaps Italy in Europe and from the
islands of Saint Helena (Africa) and Ceylon (Asia; Mymarilla West-
wood), but has never been recorded as occurring in the western
hemisphere. However, I have found in the collections of the United
States National Museum a single tag-mounted female specimen of a
species of the genus from Pennsylvania, which I have been fortunate
in transferring without injury to a slide mount of xylol-balsam. The
specimen is excellently preserved and represents a typical species of
the genus, the fore wings with long, slender petioles, the small, paddle-
like blade portion at the apex with very long, delicate marginal cilia.

June, I9II.] GiRAULT: GeNUS MyMAR IN NoRTH AMERICA. 93

tlie apical half of the blade portion clouded and the venation absent;
the posterior wings are aborted, without a blade, merely like a stiff,
thick bristle, long and slender but very much shorter than the fore
wings. The second fiinicle joint of the antenna is abruptly very
long and slender and the scape is unusually long and slender as with
this genus.

This North American species seems to resemble very closely
Mymar pnlchcUum Curtis, but according to Foerster's (1847) descrip-
tion of the latter differs from it in having the second funicle joint
of the antennae much longer (11 or more times) than the third
funicle joint, whereas in female pulchcUum "das iste Glied der
Geissel ist etwas langer als das Stielchen, das 2te und 3te dagegen
sehr stark verlangert, fast von der Grosse des Schaftes, das 3te aber
ist immer noch ein wenig langer als das 2te, die 3 folgenden Glieder
sind wieder sehr kurz." Westwood (1879) gives a figure of the
male of pulchcUum and says of the female : " This insect has . . .
antennae . . . 9-jointed in the female, with the fourth joint remark-
ably elongated and slender " ; from which it may be inferred that the
other joints are comparatively short. The figure (male) shows a
longer blade portion of the fore wing than is the case with the Amer-
ican specimen and Westwood's remarks on the species pulchcUum,
not agreeing by inference with Foerster's descriptions, would lead to
the belief that his specimens represent a distinct species. As species
of Mymarids are more numerous than is generally supposed, I can
see no reason why this should not be the case, especially since West-
wood captured his specimens at large and did not identify them by
actual comparison. The same, I think, may be said of Foerster's
specimens, as the following would lead one to infer.^

Through the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard I have been enabled
to see Curtis' (1832) description and figure of M. pulchcUum which
agree with the specimen before me but not with Foerster's description
of the species. Curtis' figures appear to be excellent ones and my
specimen agrees with them as previously stated ; only the short rows
of discal cilia in the cephalo-distal portion of the blade, cephalad of
the longitudinal row of cilia running the blade's entire middle length,
are not shown or indicated to be present. The antennae agree as

' Foerster's specimens are more probably different from pulchellum than
Westwood's since the latter's specimens agree better with Curtis' figure.

94 Journal \e\v York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

closely as can be expected and although the tarsi in the figures are
shown to be five-jointed in some instances, hence the proximal joint
not comparatively long and slender, it is quite evident to me that in
this respect a mistake was made, the proximal joint of the tarsi being
divided in the figures or else the distal joint extended to indicate
claws and pulvillus. So although my specimen differs perhaps in
having two short rows of discal ciliation in the cephalic outer portion
of the paddle-like wing blade" and also in having a longer proximal
tarsal joint, nevertheless the likeness to the figures and description
is so striking and feels so true that I give up my former intention of
describing this species as new, substituting my impression that it is
identical with Myniar pulchellum Curtis. This is the first European
species of Mymaridre to be found in North America."

The following descriptive notes were made from the specimen in
my possession, given especially for the reason that we may have a
distinct species here after all, and that my identification may be
wrong :^

Female. — Length, 0.90 mm., slender, visible to naked eye with difficulty;
the species described and figured by Curtis excepting as may be pointed out.
Body uniformly gamboge, the eyes dark reddish, the abdomen with a large
fuscous area distad. Legs and antennae uniformlj' lighter, the club of antennae
fuscous, the distal tarsal joints dusky. The figure given by Curtis shows
some greenish on the thorax and bluish on the head not present here but
which may be ascribed to the drawing.

Legs slender, the tarsi 4-jointed, the joints long, the proximal joint
lengthened, twice the length of the distal joint, a third longer than the
second joint. Strigil present on cephalic legs. Ovipositor not exserted.
Parapsidal furrows complete. No apparent sculpture or pubescence.

Petiole of abdomen two-thirds the length of the body of abdomen, nearly
twice longer than the short, obconic caudal coxae; trochanters 2-jointed.
Tibial spurs single. Vertexal carina present.

Fore wings longer "than the body, petiolate, the petiole very long, uni-
formly slender, like a thick hair, as long as the body, distinctly more slender
than the petiole of the abdomen, clothed along each edge with short, minute
spines pointing distad and separated from each other in the line for some
distance Cdistal two-thirds of the wing petiole) ; at the end of this long
petiole is a comparatively small wing blade, slightly over a third as long as

- Probably omitted by Curtis, inadvertently.

- 1 will give evidence elsewhere, showing that the species is new, however.
It may be called Mymar vemistnm. Its characteristics will be given later.
^ See previous footnote.

June, 191 1.] GiRAULT: GeNUS MyMAR IN NoRTH AMERICA. 95

the whole, its cephalic margin a continuation of the petiole, straight but curv-
ing around the apex, the caudal margin a long, sloping convexity ; the blade
is paddle-shaped, not quite one-half distad is deeply fumated (smoky brown) ;
the fumated area with its proximal margin oblique, running from the costal
edge disto-caudad. The discal ciliation of the blade consists of a single longi-
tudinal line of moderately long cilia running through about the middle of the
blade, but cephalad of the middle, terminating some distance before the sharp
base of the blade ; the cilia become somewhat more crowded and longer distad
and the line runs to the apex ; in the distal two-thirds of the fumated area,
cephalad of the distal third of the long, nearly central line, there are two
short lines of discal cilia running to the apical margin, the cephalic one
shorter (about 3 to 6 cilia), the caudal one slightly longer (about 5 to 7 cilia) ;
both lines may be somewhat confused in which case a third short line is indi-
cated ; around the blade margins is a row of fine discal cilia ; also of marginal
cilia which are fine but distinct, projecting out between the long primary
marginal ciliation ; these secondary marginal cilia are subequal in length to
the true discal cilia ; disk of blade free from cilia caudad of the nearly central
row. Marginal cilia very long, slender, graceful, equal at both margins, some-
what shorter around the apex, about 2]^ times longer than the greatest width
of the blade, about as long as the scape and pedicel combined.

Posterior wings aborted, without a blade, merely a comparatively long,
acuminate bristle-like appendage, by far not reaching half-way to the base
of the blade of the fore wing, distinctly shorter than the scape, about a third
of the length of the petiole of the fore wing (excluding blade).

Bulb of scape short ; scape very long, curved somewhat, slenderer in the
middle, slightly shorter than the second funicle joint, about four times the
length of the pedicel and twice or more the length of the club, distinctly
thickened at each end; pedicel obconic, usual, distinctly longer than wide,
slightly shorter than the proximal funicle joint ; the latter slender, about five
times longer than wide, longer than any of the funicle joints except the
second, shorter than the club by about one-half; second funicle joint abruptly
very long and slender, subequal in length to the combined lengths of the other
five funicle joints, very slightly thickened distad, rod-like, the proximal funicle
joint rod-like; third and fourth funicle joints abruptly very short, cylin-
drical ovate, not as long as pedicel, svibequal to each other ; funicle five a
fourth longer, six a fourth longer than five and distinctly thicker, somewhat
shorter than the pedicel. Club slightly larger, slender ovate, longer than
funicle joints four, five and six combined.' Pubescence soft, short, moderate,
not conspicuous.

(From a single specimen, 7<3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and
Lomb.)

The foregoing notes were made from a single female specimen in
the collections from the United States National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C., formerly on a tag labelled " Greensbrg., Pa., Jly. 3 — 05,"

3'

96 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

now in the same collection movnited on a slide in xylol-balsam (tem-
porarily in my possession).

Literature Referred To.

1832. Curtis, John. British Entomology; being illustrations and descrip-
tions of the genera of insects, etc., London, IX, p. 411 (2 pp.), pi.
411 (colored fig. adult female and 5 figs, of details — -male, female
antenna, mandible, fore leg and lateral aspect of the abdomen).

1847. FoERSTER, Arnold. Ueber die Familie der Mymariden. Linncea
(entom.), H, p. 225. Separate, undated.

1879. Westwood, John Obadiah. Descriptions of Some Minute Hymenopter-
ous Insects. Trans. Linnean Soc. of London, Zoology, second series,
I, June, p. 584, pi. 7Z, fig. 3-

A NEW CAMPONOTUS FROM CALIFORNIA.

By William Morton Wheeler,
Boston, Mass.

Camponotus anthrax, new species.

Worker Major. — Length 7-9 mm.

Belonging to the fallax group. Head large, as broad as long, broader
behind then in front, with broadly and feebly excised posterior border,
rounded posterior corners and convex sides ; in profile very convex above,
flattened below. Eyes rather large, broadly elliptical, flat. Mandibles convex,
6-toothed. Clypeus feebly convex, ecarinate, its anterior border impressed in
the middle, with a small but distinct notch. Antennal scapes not reaching
the posterior corners of the head, slender and not flattened at the base, dis-
tinctly incrassated towards their tips. Thorax not longer than the head in-
cluding the mandibles, and in front half as broad as the head ; in profile
feebly and rather evently arcuate above, laterally compressed in the meso-
and metapleural regions. Promesonotal suture very distinct ; metanotum clearly
outlined. Epinotum in profile with subequal base and declivity, forming to-
gether an obtuse angle, the former nearly horizontal, the latter slightly con-
cave. Petiole nearly as broad and high as the epinotum, compressed antero-
posteriorly. with blunt, rounded and entire border; its anterior and posterior
surfaces both flat and the anteroposterior diameter the same above as below.
Gaster elliptical, its dorsal surface distinctly flattened. Legs as usual, the fore
femora slightly incrassated, the hind tibiae broadly elliptical in cross-section,
their surfaces neither flattened nor sulcate.

Head and mandibles shining, especially the cheeks, gula. posterior
corners, vertex and occiput ; clypeus and front more opaque through being

June, I9II.] Wheeler: New Camponotus from California. 97

rather sharply shagreened. Whole surface of head sparsely punctate, the
punctures being more numerous on the mandibles, cheeks, clypeus and front
than on the sides, posterior corners and occiput. Thorax shining, the pro-
and mesonotum finely, the pleurae, epinotum and petiole more coarsely sha-
greened, so that these parts are more opaque. Pro- and mesonotum corsely
and sparsely punctate. Gaster glossy, its surface coarsely and transversely
shagreened and covered with small piligerous punctures. Legs shining, deli-
cately shagreened.

Hairs and pubescence pale yellowish ; the former long, sparse and erect
on the upper surface of the head and thorax, on the gula, border of petiole
and dorsal and ventral surfaces of the gaster. Tips of femora and antenna!
scapes with a few short hairs. Pubescence sparse, short and inconspicuous
on the head, thoracic dorsum, legs and scapes, longer on the upper surface
of the gaster. Sides of head without hairs or pubescence. Hind tibiae without
bristles along their flexor surfaces.

Deep black ; antennal funiculi and sometimes also the legs, mandibles,
clypeus, anterior border of the head and thoracic sutures more or less tinged
with dark brown or red : posterior borders of gastric segments brownish yel-
low, with a golden reflection.

Worker Minor. — Length 3.5-6 mm.

Differing from the worker major in the small size and shape of the head,
which is somewhat longer than broad, with less convex sides and more nearly
straight posterior border. Mandibles 5-toothed. Clypeus subcarinate, the
notch in the middle of its anterior border small and indistinct. Antennal
scapes reaching nearly one-third their length beyond the posterior corners of
the head. Eyes rather large, very feebly convex.

Sculpture, pilosity and color as in the worker major, except that the sides
and posterior portions of the head are less shining, the mandibles are red and
the sparse pubescence is more conspicuous on the upper surface of the head
and thorax.

Female. — Length 9— 11 mm.

Resembling the worker major. Head longer than broad, a little broader
behind than in front, with straight sides and posterior border. Antennal
scapes reaching a little beyond the posterior corners. Thorax through the
wing insertions as broad as the head. Epinotum with short, convex base and
longer, abrupt declivity. Petiole in profile narrowed from the base upward to
a sharp border, which is rounded, entire and slightly produced in the middle
line when seen from behind. Wings long (10 mm.).

Sculpture, pilosity and color much as in the worker major, except that
the pronotum and scutellum are more glabrous and shining and the upper
surface of the gaster is smoother and less glossy. Wings tinged with brown-
ish ; veins and stigma pale brown.

Male. — Length 7-8 mm.

Head, including the eyes, as long as broad, rounded behind, with straight

98 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

cheeks as long as the eyes. Eyes and ocelli rather small. Mandibles edentate.
Clypeus convex but ecarinate, with rounded, entire anterior border. An-
tennae slender ; scapes extending fully one-half their length beyond the pos-
terior margin of the head; first funicular joint but little incrassated at the
apex, as long as the second. Thorax long and robust, broader than the head ;
base of epinotum convex, nearly as long as the declivity, which is abrupt and
somewhat flattened. Petiole low in profile, thick at the base, narrowed towards
the summit, with a moderately sharp border; seen from behind, it is transverse
and deeply excised in the middle Gaster and legs of the usual shape, the
latter slender, with large pulvilli.

Body shining, finely and densely shagreened. Mesonotum with a few
scattered foveolse.

Pilosity and pubescence similar to those of the worker, but the hairs are
shorter and the pubescence is more delicate and somewhat denser, at least on
the gaster.

Body and appendages deep black ; bases of genital valves piceous ; pul-
villi white. Wings like those of the female, but slightly paler.

Described from numerous specimens of all four phases taken Jan-
uary I, 1911, from five colonies, which I found nesting in the ground
under large stones among the chaparral at an altitude of about 1,000
feet at the mouth of San Ysidro Canyon in the Santa Ynez Mountains
near Santa Barbara, California.

C. anthrax closely resembles the typical C. fallax Xyl. of Europe
and our North American var. ncarciicus Emery, but is readily distin-
guished by its deeper black color, the larger, more shining and later-
ally more convex head of the soldier, the peculiar sculpture and pubes-
cence of its gaster and the 6-toothed, instead of 4-5-toothed mandibles.
The head of the worker major is, indeed, much like that of C. sayi
Emery and the gaster in sculpture and pilosity resembles that of
certain forms of C. hcrculeanus, e. g., the var. zuhymperi Forel. The
new species dilYers, moreover, from the other members of the fallax
group in habits, since it nests in the ground and not in dead wood.

June, 1911.] Severin-Severin : Habits of Belostoma and Nepa. 99

HABITS OF BELOSTOMA (=ZAITHA) FLUMINEUM

SAY AND NEPA APICULATA UHLER, WITH

OBSERVATIONS ON OTHER CLOSELY

RELATED AQUATIC HEMIPTERA.

By Henry H. P. Severin, Ph.D.
Professor of Entomology, College of Hawaii.

AND Harry C. Severin, M.A.

Professor of Entomology, South Dakota State College of Agriculture
AND Mechanic Arts.

Collection of Material. — Belostoma fluminemn inhabits ponds or
sluggish streams. While specimens were often captured, in our
experience, in shallow water a few inches in depth, they were fre-
quently taken in deeper waters. During early autumn before the
leaves had fallen, this aquatic hemipteron was often obtained by
raking out floating masses of vegetation from the water ; it was also
stream or pond and turned over on the shore. Later in fall, speci-
found below the thick scum of surface algae which were taken from a
mens were captured by scooping up with a water-net the leaves which
were floating on, or had sunk below the surface of the water. After
the water was covered with a thin coating of ice, these insects were
taken by pulling up with a rake the sediment on the bottom of the
stream or pond, or the roots of grass and mud along the bank. Some
of the bugs, which happened to escape by this method, were caught
by making a rapid current in the water with a net and then suddenly
reversing the movements of the net by scooping against the current.
A large number of individuals, when taken out of the water by any
of these methods, would not feign death, but would right themselves,
if they happened to drop on their backs, and scramble eagerly to
escape. Many, however, were found while feigning death, although
often with great difficulty, either on account of their rather close
resemblance in color to the leaves that had fallen into the water or
to the mud which often coated the insects.

As Bueno (7, p. 138) has observed, Nepa apiculata "is found in
quite shallow water, not much over two or three inches deep, con-
cealed in the mud, or in situations where grasses grow out of the

100 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. XIX.

water, clinging together." When raked out of the water together
with the mud and partially decayed vegetation, these insects usually
feign death, in which condition they readily escape detection, as their
flat bodies are ef¥ectively concealed by the black mud and decaying
plant tissue. It is only when the insects come out of the death feint
and move al)out that they are usually seen, but even then one must
watch closely, for their protective resemblance is remarkably good.

Fear. — A sudden approach towards an aquarium containing Belos-
tomas recently brought into the laboratory sets them off from their
resting places, fleeing in all directions. A large number of these
hemiptera were placed in an aquarium containing bits of wood, such
as pieces of shingles. Many of the water-bugs would crawl out of
the water upon these floats, and upon our approach the insects would
sometimes hurry to the edge of the board and plunge into the water
with all the appearance of violent alarm. Specimens, which had not
been disturbed over night, exhibited the same hurried movements to
get to the bottom of the aquarium the next morning when approached
by a large object, such as a black hat. Undoubtedly w^e may say
from these outward appearances that Bclostoma manifests fear.

Ncpa apiailata. Raiiatra amcricana' and Raiiatra kirkaldyi show
no sign of fear in its more usual manifestations.

Thigmotactic Response. — It was often noticed that Bclostoma will
crawl below objects lying on the bottom of the aquarium whenever
possible. Large flat corks, four inches in diameter, were thrown into

' Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno has kindly called our attention to the fact
that A. L. Montandon makes a new species of what we know as Ranatra
qtiadridcntata, viz., Ranatra amcricana, and sj^nonymizes Ranatra kirkaldyi
Bueno with Ranatra fusca P. B. Regarding these changes in nomenclature,
Bueno wrote us as follows : " Montandon in his ' Notes sur quelques formes
Nord-Americains du genre Ranatra,' Bull, de la Soc. de Sci. de Bucarest,
Rumanie, XIX, p. 64. describes R. americana, which he identifies with what,
following Uhler, we have been calling qitadridentata, Stal ; and he synony-
mizes my R. kirkaldyi with fusca, P. B. Montandon's method of identifying
by a figure and not by a description, seems to me too far-fetched. As a matter
of fact, I have in my collection two other species which can be identified with
the description of R. fusca, — one from the South, and another local one, which
I have also received from the West. To me, the question can best be resolved
by determining where Beauvois got his examples. Until this is done, I much
fear that I shall continue to regard my kirkaldyi as a distinct species and that
fusca is still to be determined and fixed."

June, 1911.] Severin-Severin : Habits of Belostoma and Nepa. 101

an aquarium in which the water was but an inch in depth, and within
a few hours thirty-two of the thirty-five specimens that the aquarium
contained were found beneath the corks. Again, it was not unusual
to find two or more Belostomas or sometimes large clusters clinging
together at the surface or bottom of the water, a characteristic which
is also noticed with Lethocerus (=■ Belostoma Aucct.) amcricanimi,
Bcnacus griseus, Nepa apiculafa, Ranatra amcricana and Ranatra
kirkaldyi. This habit is probably a manifestation of their thigmo-
tactic response.

Food Reactions. — Belostoma is carnivorous. While resting at the
surface-film of the water, it often seizes its prey with the front pair
of raptorial legs. When in the resting position, the body extends
obliquely down in the water, the posterior extremity of the abdomen
being held slightly above the surface-film, while the front legs are
held some distance below. In this attitude the front legs, slightly
bent at the femoro-tibial joint, are extended forward on each side of
the head; the femora of the middle and hind legs are extended out-
ward at almost right angles to the long axis of the body, while the
tibiae of these legs form an obtuse angle with the femora. The front
legs are thus in readiness to grab the prey, while the two posterior
pairs are ever ready to propel the bug forward instantly at the slight-
est disturbance.

In procuring food, Belostoma does not depend entirely upon the
sense of sight. We have often observed a back-swimmer or a water-
boatman come to rest on the ventral surface of Belostoma, and were
surprised at the number of times the prey escaped. If a back-
swimmer or a water-boatman strikes against Belostoma, the latter
makes a quick grab for it, and, if successful in capturing it, proceeds
to suck out the juices. Often, however, a back-swimmer or a water-
boatman is grabbed at as it passes near a Belostoma without coming
in actual contact with it. Holmes (23, p. 160) finds that in the young
of Ranatra quadridentata, " this action is probably a response to the
impact of the water. If a Ranatra is hungry, touching the surface-
film with a needle near the insect will often cause it to grab about
wildly in the effort to seize whatever may have caused the disturbance."
The same experiment was performed with a mature Belostoma which
had been starved for a number of weeks, and so rapid was the reac-
tion, that only the bug was observed clinging to the needle after the
surface-film had been touched with it. Both eyes of a Belostoma

102 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

were now cut off, and shortly after the operation a honey-bee with
vibrating wings was placed upon the surface-film near the bug,
whereupon the latter responded by rapidly opening and closing the
claw-like tibia and tarsus of the front legs. The next morning the
surface-film near the aquatic bug was touched with a needle and the
same reaction was given. By repeatedly touching the surface-film
with a needle in front of this hemipteron deprived of its eyes, the
bug could be induced to swim towards the needle and at the same time
it would endeavor to grasp the source of disturbance.

Flies with one wing amputated were dropped near Belostomas
resting at the surface of the water and were often seized so quickly
and so suddenly that the eye was unable to follow the exact move-
ments. If the bug was not hungry, however, the dipteron was able to
swim about upon the surface-film within easy reach of the raptorial
legs of Bclosto)iia without provoking any attempt to capture the Hy,
If a fly, swinnning on the surface of the water, happens to crawl upon
this hemipteron, it may stimulate the bug to swim away, leaving the
fly behind; or, if by chance, it reaches a position near the head of
Belostoma, it may be seized by one of the raptorial legs. Should the
fly be seized by one of its legs and endeavor to free itself, the other
raptorial leg of the bug will often clutch the victim around the body.
Bueno (lo, p. 191) has observed that at times all three pairs of legs
" are employed to hold fast some powerful insects or large victim,
such as a snail." Having obtained a good grip, the water-bug draws
the prey below its head to the beak. The fly may then be moved
about by the raptorial legs as the terminal end of the proboscis
touches the dipteron here and there, as if seeking a suitable place to
insert the piercing organ. While holding the prey with its front legs,
Belostoma proceeds to suck out the juices of its victim, and even
when disturbed will usually not drop the fly. but will swim about very
actively, retaining possession of its meal.

At times, a Belostoma resting at the surface-film, will leave its
resting place without any apparent cause and begin to swim actively
about. If the hemipteron should happen to swim to the bottom of
the aquarium and by chance come to rest upon a dragon-fly nymph,
not too large, the bug may again enjoy a meal; for as the nymph
squirms about endeavoring to free itself of its burden, Belostoma
may clutch it tightly and sink its styliform mandibles and maxillae
into its victim.

June, 1911.] Severin-Severin : Habits of Belostoma and Nepa. 103

This predaceous water-bug feeds upon a variety of animals found
in its environment. The aquatic insects most abundantly captured, as
revealed in our aquaria, were the back-swimmers and water-boatmen.
According to Weed's (39, pp. 11-12) observations, the most im-
portant element of food as noticed in his aquaria, " consisted of the
larvce and nymphs of dragon-flies (Libellulidse). The next most
abundant victim was the common undulating back-swimmer (Noto-
nccta nndulata). . . . Univalve snails also occasionally contribute to
the diet of this insatiable creature, as one was observed feeding upon
a small snail with a spiral shell. May-fly larvae (Ephemeridse) also
sucks out the juices of its own kind. On rare occasions we observed
(10, p. 191), however, noticed that Belostoma often seizes and
form part of its food, as was shown by similar observations." Bueno
a mature form of this bug with its piercing organs penetrating
the soft chitin and sucking out the juices of a Belostoma which
had recently moulted and become full grown. While the older
mature individuals will live together for a long time, rarely devour-
ing one another, they will attack and suck out the juices of their own
young. If young Belostomas of different sizes are placed in an
aquarium, the smaller ones will be exterminated in a short time.

Nepa is also carnivorous. It will reach for its prey with its
raptorial legs, but in no instance could this aquatic bug be induced to
swim or run after its prey. If a house-fly or a dragon-fly nymph
is carefully and slowly brought towards the front legs, the claw-like
tibiae and tarsi slowly move away from the femora. If they are
already extended and well separated, as is often the case, the insect
usually remains perfectly quiet vmtil the prey is actually placed be-
tween the outstretched legs, when suddenly it is seized and securely
held. The piercing-organs are then inserted into a soft part of the
body and the insect begins to feed. It will also grasp the tip of a
pencil when this is slowly and carefully placed between the out-
stretched front legs. If, however, a fly, dragon-fly nymph or a pencil
is quickly and suddenly presented to the hemipteron, it will usually
draw back its front legs, folding the tibia and tarsus back into the
groove of the femur.

Nepa will not only use smaller animals than itself as food, but it
will also feed upon dragon-fly nymphs considerably larger and

104 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

stronger than itself, the struggles of the dragon-fly nymphs usually
ceasing within a short time after the piercing organs of a Ncpa have
been pushed into their bodies. That this is the effect of a fluid
which Ncpa injects into them was only too well demonstrated on
ourselves. While one of us was carelessly holding several Nepas in a
closed hand, one of the insects suddenly punctured the palm, caus-
ing an intense pain and soon afterward a considerable swelling.
Locy (32, pp. 355-6) has found in the genera Lethocerus, Belostoma
and Ranatra what he calls the " cephalic glands," which may be the
source of a poisonous secretion. " When these insects are irritated, a
secretion is freely thrown out around the base of the beak, which
produces death very quickly when introduced on a needle point into
the body of an insect."

Respiration. — Belostoma will often leave its resting place in the
water and swim to the surface to obtain a fresh supply of air. Dur-
ing this respiratory act, one may notice a pair of strap-like append-
ages protruding above the surface-film from the posterior end of the
abdomen ; within a short time these are retracted and usually with-
drawn from sight. If the wings of this aquatic bug are raised while
the insect is below the surface of the water, a silvery coating -of
air will be noticed on the dorsal side of the abdomen. Unquestionably
Belostoma carries a reserve supply of air between the wings and the
abdomen. If a specimen emersed in water is examined under a
binocular microscope, one can readily see that the pubescence de-
scribed by Bueno (10, p. 192) on the under surface of the body holds
a thin film of air, which probabh- supplies the abdominal and thoracic
spiracles.

Uhler {2^, p. 255) in writing of the family Belostomatidse says:
" A remarable feature of all the genera is in the presence of a pair
of flattened, narrow, strap-like appendages at the end of the body
which are extensible, but not concerned with respiration . . . . " Bueno
(10, p. 192), however, found near the base and below the outer edge
of each strap-like appendage in Belostoma flumineum, " a deep sunk
orifice in which lies the great spiracle from w^hich springs the large
tracheal trunk of the main system."

When Belostomas are disturbed while taking in a new supply of
air, some specimens will spurt forth, on rare occasions, a stream of

June, 1911.] Severin-Severin: Habits of Belostoma and Nepa. 105

liquid material from the caudal end of the abdomen. Occasionally
an individual will do the same thing when taken suddenly out of the
aquarium. For a long time we were under the impression that water
had accumulated beneath the wings and that this was forcibly ejected
in some way. Recently a Lethocerus americannm was suddenly taken
out of the water and it also spurted forth a stream of liquid, which
happened to strike the nose of one of us and, from the peculiar odor,
we concluded that the ejection of the stream is due to a forcible
discharge of the contents of the rectum.

A number of experiments were performed in order to determine
the length of time Belostoma and Ranatra can remain alive below
the surface of the water. Ten specimens of Belostoma fliiniincinn,
ten Ranatra aniericana and ten R. kirkaldyi were placed in a cage
(7Xi'^X5 inches) made of wire gauze and this was then com-
pletely emersed in water so that it was two inches below the surface-
film. The temperature of the water was 20° C. and of the atmos-
phere 23° C. In these experiments it was found that Belostoma
and the two species of Ranatra died, on an average, within twelve
hours. This result, however, would probably vary with the general
activity of the aquatic bugs and the temperature of the water, since
in the winter time, when the water is coated with ice, Belostomas and
Ranatras are unable to come to the surface of the water to get a
fresh supply of air.

If Nepas are allowed to remain in a jar of water, containing no
vegetation or anything upon which they can crawl to the surface,
they will all sooner or later be drowned. We have kept Nepas alive
three months in a flat dish with water in it, shallow enough for the
insects to reach the surface with their breathing tube, by feeding
them now and then with house-flies and dragon-fly nymphs.

Methods of Progression. — Packard (35, p. 158), Kirkaldy (28, p.
344 and 29, p. 154), Bueno (9, p. 53 and 12, pp. 1-4) and Brimley (i,
p. 88) have all discussed the method of progression of various
aquatic-bugs, and Bueno (12, pp. 2-3) has made a detailed study of
the method of swimming in Belostoma fliimineum.

While Belostoma can swim with exceeding rapidity, Nepa makes
but slow progress in water. Belostoma, Lethocerus, Benacns, Nepa
and Ranatra alternate the movements of the hind pair of legs with

106 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

the middle pair in swimming; the front legs play no part in this
method of progression, for they are extended forward on each side
of the head, ready to seize an object upon which to come to rest.

In locomotion on land, however, the legs move in an entirely dif-
ferent manner from what they do in swimming. Bclostoma and Nepa
use all the legs in walking. In crawling, Bclostoma alternates the
movement of the hind legs, as well as the middle legs, but in swim-
ming each pair of these legs moves simultaneously. Brimley (i, p.
88) claims that Benacus griseus while crawling, moves the hing legs
together at first, "' and afterwards when he got used to the situation,
alternately . . . . " When Ranatra amcricana is taken out of the water
and is not thrown into the death feint it may, at first, give the
typical swimming movement, but later, the posterior pairs of legs
move as in Belostoma.

Belostoma can occasionally be induced to take wing by a number
of diflferent methods. In one experiment fifteen of these bugs were
taken out of the water, which was at 19° C, and exposed for one
and a half hours to the temperature of the atmosphere at 21° to 23°
C, when two specimens made eager efforts to escape by flying against
the sides of the dish in which they were confined. While working
on the effect that sunlight may have on the duration of the death
feint, it was found that Bclostoma sometimes takes wing after com-
ing out of the inert state. A method which rarely fails to induce
Bclostoma or Ranatra to fly is to arouse the creature's phototactic
reactions by means of an artificial light. Although Ncpa is without
doubt able to fly, in no case have we succeeded in making it take
wing.

Bibliography.

1. Brimley, C. S., 1905. Ent. Neivs, XVI, p. 88.

2. BuENO, J. R. DE LA ToRRE, 1903. A Day's Collecting in February. Can.

Ent., XXXV, pp. 123-S.

3. 1903. Notes on the Stridulation and Habits of Ranatra fusca Pal.

B. Ibid., XXXV, pp. 235-7.

4. 1903. Brief Notes Toward the Life-History of Pelocoris femorata,

with a few Remarks on Habits. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XI, pp. i66-

5. 1905. Notes on Hydrometra niaritinia Kirk. (^= lineata Say). Can.

Ent., XXXVII, pp. 12-15.

6. 1905. The Tonal Apparatus of Ranatra quadridentata Stal. Ibid.,

XXXVII, pp. 85-7.

June, 191 1.] Severin-Severin : Habits of Belostoma and Nepa. 107

7. 1905. Notes on Collecting, Preserving, and Rearing Aquatic

Hemiptera. Ibid., XXXVII, pp. 137-142.

8. 1905. The Three Ranatras of the Northeastern United States. Ibid,,

XXXVII. pp. 187-8. •

9. 1905. Ent. Neivs, XVI, p. 53.

ID. 1906. Life-Histories of North American Water-Bugs. I. Life-
History of Belostoma fluminea Say. Can. Ent., XXXVIII, pp.
189-197.

11. 1906. II. Life-History of Ranatra quadridentata Stal. Ibid.,

XXXVIII, pp. 242-252.

12. 1906. Ways of Progression in Water-Bugs. Ent. Nezt's, XVII,

pp. 1-4.

13. • • 1907. Two Undescribed Water-Bugs from the United States. Can.

Ent., XXXIX, pp. 225-8.

14. 1907. Diplonychus, Laporte (= Hydrocyrius, Spinola), and its Rela-
tion to the other Belostomatid Genera. Ibid., XXXXIX, pp. 333-341.

15. BuHMEisTER, H., 183S. Handbuch der Entomologie. II, pp. 195—200.

16. CoMSToCK, J. H., 1888. An Introduction to Entomology, pp. 187-9.

17. 1895. A Manual for the Study of Insects, pp. 130-133.

18. DiMMocK, G., 1886. Belostomidae and some other Fish-Destroying Bugs.

Ann. Rep. Fish and Game Comni. Mass., VI, pp. 353-9-

19. FoLSOM, J. W., 1906. Entomology with Special Reference to its Bio-

logical and Economic Aspects, pp. 184-192.

20. Harvey, G. W., 1907. A Ferocious Water-Bug. Can. Ent., XXXIX, pp.

1 7—2 1 .

21. Holmes, S. J., 1905. The Reactions of Ranatra to Light. Journ. Conip.

Neurol, and Psychol., XV, pp. 305-349-

22. 1906. Death-Feigning in Ranatra. Ibid., XVI, pp. 200-216.

2^. 1907. Observations on the Young of Ranatra quadridentata Stal.

Biol. Bull., XII, pp. 158-164.

24. 1908. The Instinct of Feigning Death. Popular Sci. Monthly,

LXXII, pp. 179-185.

25. Howard, L. O., 1901. The Insect Book, pp. 276-9.

26. Kellogg, V. L., 1905. American Insects, pp. 199-201.

27. KiNGSLEY, J. S., 1884. Standard Natural History. II, pp. 253-8.

28. KiRKALDY, G. W., 1904. On the Method of "Oaring" in Water-Bugs

(Hemiptera). Ent. Nezvs, XV, p. 344.

29. 1906. A Guide to the Study of British Water-Bugs (Aquatic

Hemiptera or Rhynchota). The Ent., XXXIX, pp. 154-157.

30. 1908. A Synonymic Note on Certain Belostomidae (Hemiptera).

Can. Ent., XL, p. 164.

31. LocY, W. A., 1884. Observations on the Pulsating Organs in the Legs of

certain Hemiptera. Am. Nat., XVIII, pp. 13-19-

^2. 1884. Anatomy and Physiology of the Family Nepidae. Ibid.,

XVIII, pp. 250-S and 353-367-

108 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

33. Marshall, W. S., and Severin, H. H. P., 1904. Some Points in the

Anatomy of Ranatra fusca P. Beauv. Trans. Wis. Acad. Set. Arts
and Letters, XIV, pp. 487—508.

34. MiALL, L. C, 1895. The Natural History of Aquatic Insecets, pp. 353-5.

35. Packard, A. S., 1877. Half Hours with Insects, p. 158.

36. Pettit, R. H., 1902. The Egg of the Water Scorpion (Ranatra fusca).

Can. Ent., XXXIV, pp. 212—3.

37. Sharp, D., 1899. Cambridge Natural History. VI, pp. 563-7.

38. Slater. F. W., 1899. The Egg-Carrying Habit of Zaitha. Am. Nat.,

XXXIII. pp. 931-3-

39. Weed, C. M., 1889. Article II. Studies in Pond Life. Bull. Agr. Exp.

Sta. Tech. Series, I, pp. 4-17.

40. Westwood, J. O.. 1840. An Introduction to the Modern Classification of

Insects, pp. 460-2.

THE RESURRECTION OF THYANTA CALCEATA
SAY FROM SYNONYMY.

By H. G. Barber,
Roselle Park, N. J.

Professor E. B. Wilson, of Columbia University, in his researches
concerning the chromosomes of the germ cells of the species of
Thy ant a frecjuenting the eastern United States, came to the con-
clusion, from certain constant differences in the chromosomes, that
there were two distinct, but closely related species of this genus
which have hitherto been incorporated under Thyanta cnstator Fabr.^
He turned all of his specimens over to me, including four specimens
of T. pcrditor Fabr. from Jamaica, W. E, with the request that I
work out the differentiation of the two species. At the same time
Professor Wilson pointed out to me certain differences in the shape
of the scutellum by which alone he was able to separate the two
species.

Since receiving this material I have endeavored to gather speci-

^ Professor Wilson states in his paper before the Seventh International
Congress in 1907, printed 1909, that he is readily able to differentiate the
two species from a microscopical examination of their germ cells, as T. calceafa
has 27 chromosomes in the male and 28 in the female, while T. cnstator has
16 chromosomes in both sexes.

June, 191 1-] Barber: Resurrection of Thyanta. 109

mens of this genus from various parts of the United States and I
have spent much time and studied several hundred specimens in the
endeavor to characterize the two confused species. But although
I can pick them out easily, from a difference in their general shape,
I have found it difficult to fix upon well marked constant structural
characters which will always serve to differentiate them.

There is no doubt that the Thyanta cnstator Fahr. is a very plastic,
variable and widely distributed species while the other species which
has been confused with it, is more restricted in its distribution and
more constant in its characters. T. cnstator described by Fabricius
from Carolina (Syst. Rhyng., 164, 1803) occurs all over the United
States south of New York and becomes abundant in the South and
in the West, where it is subject to much more variation than our
eastern specimens. In the West, more rarely in the southeastern
United States, this species has the humeral angles frequently spinose
and varies much in color, ranging from green through testaceous to
rufescent as in the Lakehurst, N. J., specimens. The purple-red
pronotal band is subject to much variation, being absent entirely or
very conspicuous, with the humeral angles, costal margins of corium
and apex of scutellum frequently reddish. Furthermore, the western
specimens are inclined to be less hairy or setose. There is little doubt,
in my mind, that it is specimens of this species with the spinous
humeral angles which have been referred to by systematists in this

Fig. I. Scutellum of Thyanta calccata and that of Th. cnstator.

country as Thyanta perditor Fabr., which species I believe does not
occur within the limits of the United States either in the southeast
or southwest.

After a careful comparison of specimens with the descriptions I
am convinced that the other species of Thyanta referred to as occur-
ring in the eastern United States and which has been so long sunk
in synonymy is T. calceata Say, the type of which is not in existence.

110

Journal Xew York Entomological Society. H'o'- -^iX-

as tliat autlTor mentions in his description one of its most prominent
and constant characters, viz., the black lateral edge of the pronotum
and the purple-red pronotal band as well as a few minor character-
istics. Moreover, Herrick-Schaeffer's description and figure of T.
custator Fabr. pertains without doubt to T. calccata Say, so it should
be placed as a synonym of that species and the arrangement should
be as follows :

Thyanta custator Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., 164, 1803.

Thyanta calccata Say, Hem. Xew Flarm. Ind., 765, 183 1. Syn.

Thyanta custator Fabr. Pferrick-Schacffer, W'anz. Ins., VII, 96,

106, fig. 771, 1844.

Thyanta calccata Say is imiformly smaller and proportionately
shorter than T. custator, subshining and uniformly dark green in all
of the mature specimens I have seen. The lateral edge of the pro-
thorax is always narrowly black and with an almost constant, con-
spicuous, purple-red band between the humeral angles on the dorsal
surface of the pronotum. The scutellum, as shown in Fig. I, is
relatively shorter in this species and the narrow apical portion not
so attenuated as in T. custator and concolorous. The lateral margins
of head, pronotum, abdomen and the legs less setose. The second
and third joints of the antennce subequal in length, with the first
two' joints pale green, third and base of fourth segment rufous and
the apex of fourth and fifth infuscated. The two black points are
more or less evident in the cicatrix of the pronotum. The mem-
brane is frequently without fuscous spots, similarly to T. custator.

ea./cea.^a. <S Cl/sta.'toT S

Fig. 2. Posterior segments of male Thyanta calccata and Tli. custator.

The genital segment of the male, as shown in Fig. 2, is propor-
tionately narrower, more convex ventrally and with the two lateral
lobes not so divergent internally, apically more rounded and with

June, I9II-] Barber: Resurrection of Thyanta. Ill

the ventral surface of these lobes less pinched in or appressed; the
sinus between them narrower and the slightly notched central lobe
more prominent as viewed ventro-posteriorly as it is more sharply
convexed.

T. ccdccata Say seems to be confined to the territory east of the
Appalachians, and judging from the localities from which I have
seen material, appears to be more characteristic of the highlands and
mountainous districts, while T. custator, at least in the East, occurs
more in the low lands.

Professor Wilson has collected calccata at Madison, N. J., where
it is fairly common in the fall. Black Mt. and Southern Pines, N. C.
Professor W. E. Britton has loaned me a specimen taken at New
Canaan, Conn., which is the farthest north from which I have any
record, although Professor Uhler has reported T. ciistator which is
probably calccata in the Harris Collection from Cambridge, Mass.
In my own collection are specimens from Madison, N. J., and Cold
Spring Harbor, Long Island.

T. custator ranges across the United States from New York in
the North and Florida in the South to Oregon, California and the
Southwest. I have not seen specimens from northern New York
or New England. Professor Wilson has this species from Southern
Pines and Black Mt., N. C, Savannah, Ga., Memphis, Tenn., Colo-
rado and Arizona. One specimen from Black Mt. has the humeral
angles spinose. I have this species from Lakehurst, N. J., the north-
ernmost point in my records, Thomasville, Ga., Enterprise and Leon,
Fla., Pass Christian, Miss and from various points in the West
where it is more abundant, as Dakota, western Nebraska, Missouri,
Texas, Arizona, California and Oregon.

PYRRHOCORIS APTERUS LINN. IN THE UNITED

STATES.

By H. G. Barber,
RosELLE Park, N. J.

Pyrrhocoris aptcnts Linn, has a wide range in the old world. In
1883 Mr. W. L. Distant, in the Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 414, states:

112 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'oi- xix.

" This species was included in our fauna on the authority of several
specimens labelled ' Costa Rica — Van Patten.' We have, however,
received no further confirmation of its presence in Central America
from any other of the collections subsequently received."- This is the
first and only report hitherto of the occurrence of this species in the
new world. I was therefore considerably surprised to find two typical
male specimens of this species in the collection of Dr. E. G. Love, of
New York City, labelled Snake Hill, N. J., April 26, 1896. Snake
Hill, only a few miles from New York City, is rather a large rocky,
wooded hill which rises rather abruptly in the midst of the " Jersey
Meadows," formerly, a famous collecting ground but now rather
difficult of access, as it is occupied by various state or county in-
stitutions.

Knowing the systematic care with which Dr. Love handles his
entomological material I am not inclined to doubt the authenticity
of his records. Furthermore, Dr. Love has informed me that he had
not up to that time received any material from Europe with which
he might have confused his own collections. I am not able to explain
how these specimens made their appearance in New Jersey.

NOTEWORTHY HEMIPTERA COLLECTED ON
LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

By Wm. T. Davis.
New Brigiitox, Staten I., N. Y.

-V casual inspection of the soil and flora of Long Island, N. Y.,
would suggest to an entomologist the probability of finding many
southern insects, especially on the south side in the belt of pines.
My search in this direction was rewarded during 1910 by finding
five species of hemiptera which are usually more common to the
south of New York, and which it may be well to record from Long
Island.

I. Apioincriis crassipcs Fabr. — Three specimens were taken in the
Half Way Hollow Hills in July in an o\d field now overgrown with
daisies, Rndbcckia, etc. One was on the flower of a wild rose and
had just captured a small bee. The fore parts of the Apiomenis

June, 19 II.] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 113

were heavily covered with i)ollen, the stiff hairs retaining a consider-
able amount. While we do not usually think of a predaceous bug as
instrumental in the crossfertilization of plants, yet this individual
could have been useful to the rose if it chanced to visit other
flowers.

2. Lygcctis bicrncis Say. — While this insect has a wide range it is
quite uncommon in the vicinity of New York City. A single speci-
men was captured in the Half Way Hollow Hills. July 4, on a small
poplar.

3. Largns succincUis Linn. — This southern bug was found run-
ning among the dead leaves in a woods at Christian Hook, May 10,
1910.

4. Nccara pcjinsylz'anica De Geer. — Found near Swan Pond,
between Calverton and Manorville. Sept. 28, 1910.

5. Tctyra bipiinctata H. S. — This is usually considered to be a
southern species, but has been recently found on Long Island by
several members of the New York Entomological Society. Mr. Geo.
P. Engelhardt and I took a considerable number of specimens on
the pitch pines at Promised Land near Montauk. This brings the
known distribution of the species a considerable number of miles
further to the northeast, and to the last forest of pines on Long
Island. This bug has a stridulating apparatus in the form of two
striated areas on the under surface of the fourth and fifth segments
of the abdomen, and when the legs are rubbed against these file-like
structures, the insect makes considerable noise.

NEW COLEOPTERA AND MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

By Charles Schaeffer,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Family Carabid^.

Calosoma rugosipennis, new species.

Black, without distinct golden spots. Head moderately densely punctate
and feebly rugose. Prothorax in its widest part narrower than the elytra at
base ; base and apex equal ; sides subangulately rounded ; lateral margin nar-
rowly reflexed ; basal margin feebly arcuate and sinuate near the angles ; hind

114 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'"'- xix.

angles obtusely rounded : surface rugose, very coarsely so along basal margin ;
near lateral and apical margins a few coarse punctures. Elytra about one-
third longer than wide at base ; sides nearly parallel : stria: distinctly im-
pressed near base but gradually finer towards apex, stri.t not punctate ; surface
rugose, rather coarsely at about basal third, finer and almost obsolete towards
apex. Anterior tarsi of male with joints one to three hairy beneath. Length
19.5 mm.

California.

There is a faint indication of two metallic dorsal .spots at sides
in the single specimen, which is very old, and in my collection for a
number of years. Fresh specimens may perhaps show a few more
evident metallic spots.

The rather short, rugose elytra and the small size will readily dis-
tinguish this odd little species which seems to be allied to ercmicola
Fall, but the short description does not fit my specimen very well.
Anisodactylus lodingi, new species.

Black, elytra opaciue. Clypeus on each side with one setigerous puncture.
Prothorax at base narrower than elytra ; apical and basal margins nearly equal ;
sides arcuate ; hind angles obtuse and rounded ; lateral margin rather widely
depressed and densely punctulate ; basal foveae large ; disk almost smooth, near
apical margin finely punctate, more coarsely along basal margin. Elytra with-
out dorsal puncture ; feebly arcuate at sides : strise impressed but not punc-
tate ; intervals convex, not punctulate. Mentum rotundate-emarginate ; ligula
and paraglossae as in typical Anisodactylus. Terminal spur of anterior tibia
dilated at middle. First four joints of anterior and second to fourth joints
of middle tarsi of the male dilated and spongy pubescent beneath, first joint
of middle tarsi feebly dilated and spongy pubescent beneath in about apical
half. Posterior tarsi slender. Length 18—19.5 mm.

Mobile, Alabama.

The females differ from the males, besides as usual, in having a
much larger head and seemingly slightly narrower thorax.

Following Dr. fiorn's table' this species has to be placed near
furvus, from which it differs in being much larger and more robust
and having a different form of thorax.

It is with pleasure that I name this interesting new species after
its discoverer Mr. H. P. Loding, of Mobile, Alabama.

Family Moxcediixe.

Monccdus Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. X, p. 116.
Adimerus Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., Vol. IT, pt. i. p. 441.

' Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. XIX. p. 162.

Tune. iQH-l SCHAEFKEK: XeW CoLEOPTERA. 115

The genus Adimcnts was erected by Dr. Sharp for a few small
Centra! American clavicorn beetles allied to the Colydiidi^ but differ-
ing principally from these and from the rest of the CUnicornia by
the peculiar formation of the first joint of tarsi. This first joint is
broadly dilated, the second joint is inserted on the upper side of the
base of the first joint, and both the second and third joints, which are
very small, are invisible on the ventral aspect.

riiis tarsal structure as well as the other characters given by Dr.
Sharp for the genus Adimcrus. are the same as in Monardus gitttatus
Lee. Therefore. Monu'dus. as the older name, has priority over
AditHi-rtis. and the family will be known as Monctdidit.

Family XrnouLiD.t:.

Carpophilus californicus, new species.

Related to nigcr but less robust and convex : elytra unimpressed below
scutellum : punctuation of head and thorax less dense ; lateral margin of
thorax very narrowly reflexed ; last ventral segment of the male on each
side of the emargination broadly, shallowly impressed; last dorsal segment of
female with a deep apical impression, the surface above the depression convex.
The color is black or piceous : intemiediate antennal joints, legs and lateral
margins of thorax pale : elytra rufous with suture, apex and a little more than
half of the lateral margin black or piceous. Length 4—4.5 mm.

Tulare County. California.

A single pair in the Dietz Collection, which differ sufticiently
from eastern specimens of nigcr to receive a name.

Carpophilus rufiventris, new species.

Elongate oval, depressed : color piceous. underside rxifous, legs and an-
tenniv. except club, paler ; upper surface feebly shining, clothe*.! moderately
with dark pubescence. Head moderately coarsely and closely punctate. Pro-
thorax with basal and apical margin nearly equal : sides feebly arcuate : an-
terior angles broadly rounded : basal angles distinct, oblique not reflexed :
punctuation moderately coarse, punctures on the disk distinctly separated.
Elytra more sparsely pimctate than the prothorax. Propygidium and pygidium
more deiisely and slightly more finely punctured than the elytra. Fifth ventral
segment of the male deeply, circularly emarginate, without impressions, anal
segment ventral. Length 5-5,5 mm.

Huachuca Mts.. .\rizona.

.-\s usual the color is variable. In the fully colored specimens
the color is black with lateral maririn of thorax rufotestaceous. the

116 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

underside is piceous, but tlie abdomen is always rufous, especially at
middle, and the legs are always paler.
It belongs to Sharp's group § 2}

Carpophilus deflexus Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. II, pt. i. p. 290.

1 iiave two females from the Huachuca Mts., Arizona, which I
refer doubtfully to this species.

Carpophilus ignobilis Fall, Trans. Am. Ent. Sec. Vol. XXXVI. p. 124.

A few specimens taken by me in the Huachuca Mts., Arizona,
which T had identified as lacertosiis Murray, agree also with Fall's
description of ignobilis. The two may be the same, but a comparison
of typical exam])les will be necessary to settle this point.

Conotelus punctatus, new species.

I'iceous. elytra lirown. legs and antennas pale, very sparsely pubescent.
Prothorax as in obscunis. hut surface distinctly punctate. Elytra finely granu-
late, the rows of punctures distinct. Abdomen not acutely margined, sparsely
punctate. Length 3.5 mm.

Lake Worth, Fla. (O. Dietz.)

'J'his species is closely allied to obscunis from which it is dis-
tinguished by the rather distinct punctuation of prothorax and elytra,
the very sparse pubescence of upper surface and the different form of
mesosternum, which is not deflexed in front as in obscunis but plane.

Nitidula nigra, new species.

Oblong-oval, black, rather shining, sparsely pubescent, legs piceous. Pro-
thorax nearly twice as wide as long ; apex narrower than base ; lateral margin
reflexed ; sides feebly arcuate and rather more strongly narrowing to base a
little above the basal angles ; surface moderately coarsely and not densely
punctured at middle, with some finer punctures intermixed. Elytra finely not
densely punctured. Prosternum moderately denselj- punctured at middle.
Abdomen densely punctate. Length 4 mm.

Alaska.

The single specimen in my collection from which the aboye de-
scription is drawn was sent me a fe\v years ago by my brother with-
out more definite locality.

This species is closely allied to nifipes but differs in being black,
with shining surface, prothorax narrower at apex with lateral margin
more reflexed and relatiyely more sparsely punctate, especially at

' Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. II, pt. i, p. 288.

June, I9II.] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 117

middle. In rufipcs there is a more or less distinct, longitudinal im-
pressed line near lateral margin which is absent in nigra.
Pocadius basalis, new species.

Piceous, elytra with a red, somewhat triangular basal space, underside
ferruginous, legs and antennae paler. Head coarsely punctured. Prothorax
about twice as wide as long ; sides moderately arcuate ; lateral margin feebly
explanate ; hind angles oblique ; disc rather coarsely but not very densely punc-
tured. Elytral rows of punctures confused near suture, more distinct at sides.
Presternum, seen from the side, plane not deflected at apex. Mesosternum
subcarinate at middle. Metasternum coarsely punctate. The first few seg-
ments less coarsely punctate than the last. Length 4 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

This species looks very much like fulznpcnnis but has the pro-
sternum differently formed, the sides of the thorax feebly explanate
and the punctuation of elytra confused.

The prosternum, viewed laterally, is relatively strongly arcuate in
fidvipcnnis, less so in helvolus but plane in basalis.

Table of the Species of Pocadius.

1. Prosternmn, viewed laterally, plane not deflexed behind the coxs ; meso-

sternum longitudinally carinate at middle; sides of thorax slightly more
reflexed than in helvolus but less so than in fulvipennis ; color piceous,

elytra with a red basal spot of variable size basalis n. sp.

Prosternum at apex more or less deflexed 2

2. Prosternum feebly deflexed behind the coxas, mesosternum longitudinally

acute at middle : sides of thorax and elytra feebly reflexed ; color rufo-

testaceous helvolus Er.

Prosternum strongly declivous behind the coxje ; mesosternum plain, not
acute at middle; sides of thorax and elytra rather strongly reflexed;
color variable, from rufo-testaceous to black, elytra with large, rufous

basal space fulvipennis Er.

Psilopyga nigripennis Lee, New Species, 1863, p. 64.

Dr. Horn suggested that this might prove to be a variety of
histrina. The characters separating the two are too numerous to
admit such a course. Besides those given -in the following table of
our species the prosternum in nigripennis is more convex, the third
and fifth antennal joints are relatively longer and the metasternum
and abdomen are much more sparsely punctate than in histrina.

T.-VBLE OF THE Species OF PsHopyga.
I. Head and prothorax, the latter especially near margin with fine and coarse
punctures intermixed ; prosternum uniformly, rather coarsely punctate

118 Jo'-■R^'AL Xew York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

over the entire surface : elytral intervals, especially at basal half with
confused punctuation; color uniformly black Iiistrina Lee.

Head and prothorax with uniform punctuation 2

2. Prosternum almost smooth, near apical margin a row of very coarse and
deeply impressed punctures : intervals with a single row of punctures ;
color red, elytra black nigripennis Lee.

Prosternum eciually punctate over the entire surface : elytral intervals at
basal half with confused punctuation ; color black or piceous. elytra with
large, red basal space fasciata Sharp.

Rhizopagus robustus, new species.

DilTers from scalptitratiis in slightly longer and broader thorax with sides
scarcely narrowed towards base, longer third antenna! joint and the more
deeply impressed elytral stria-. Length 4 mm.

Kentucky.

I have also a specimen of tliis species taken years ago on Long
Island, X. Y.

Family Dkyopid.e.

I have followed recent Etiropean catalogues and publications in
using Dryops for the species formerly known as Parnus, Hclichus
for what we have called Dryops and Hchnis for Eliiiis.

In part 17 of the " Coleopterorum Catalogus " Zaitzev has placed
our North American species of Hhiiis in the two genera Hchnis and
Linuihts. As far as I know our species they do not tit in any of the
Euroi)ean genera proposed at the expense of Eluiis. Ehiiis glabcr
Horn is very close to Hctcrcliiiis obscitnis Sharp from (juatemala
and has to be placed with latlnsculiis and iiitidiihis in the genus
Hctcrclniis, and Elmis iiursfits Horn, judging from the description,
seems to belong in the genus Elsiaiius Sharp. For the rest of our
species, if we follow the luiropean custom, three new genera at least
have to be erected and perhaps more.
Phanocerus clavicovnis Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am. Col.. \ol. I. pt. 2, p. 129.

Specimens collected at Devil's River, Texas, by F. C. Pratt are in
the collection of the United States X^ational Museum which agree
with the description of this species.

The genus is a member of the tribe Potamo])hilini (Larini Lee.)
and is readily distinguished 1)y its short antenn;e with the last six
joints forming a compact oval club.

Among the material kindly sent me by Messrs. Schwarz and

June, I9II.] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 119

Barber was an apparently new species of this genus from Jamaica,
West Indies.

Phanocerus hubbardi, new species.

Olilong-elongate, fuscous, prothorax and elytra densely clotted with short
pubescence. Prothorax narrowing from slightly l.ehind middle to apex, sides
sinuate behind middle : hind angles acute ; front angles rounded ; disk slightly
convex, with faint longitudinal median impression ; at middle of base two,
round punctures and above this an elongate puncture ; on each side near the
lateral margin a short, straight, linear impression ; the usual subapical lateral
impression feeble. Elytra wider than the prothorax ; punctures of stride in
about apical half small and very faint. Length 2.75 mm.

Jamaica, West Indies (H. G. Hubbard), in the collection of the
U. S. Nat. Museum.

This species resembles P. clavicornis Sharp very closely but is
slightly smaller, less convex, thorax with feeble subapical lateral
impression and the series of elytral punctures almost obliterated in
about apical half.

Elsianus texanus, new species.

Elongate, black, legs, antenna, palpi and last abdominal segment rufous,
surface clothed sparsely with short, stiff, recumbent pale hairs. Head obso-
letely granulate. Prothorax slightly wider than long ; sides slightly arcuate
and feebly sinuate before the hind angles ; apex slightly narrower than base ;
apical margin broadly arcuate, deeply sinuate on each side in front of eyes,
apical angles produced, lateral margin crenate ; basal margin bisinuate ; slightly
emarginate before the scutellum ; surface granulate, the granules very tine
and obsolete near apex ; median longitudinal line distinctly impressed in basal
half : lateral carina almost entire. Scutellum small, rounded, acute at apex,
sparsely granulate. Elytra at base slightly wider than the thorax at base ;
about one-third longer than wide at base ; lateral margin crenate ; disc with
distinctly impressed strise, striae with coarse, shallow punctures, the lateral
strise faintly impressed, intervals feebly convex, with small, not closely placed
granules, which are obsolete at middle of disk. Underside somewhat densely
covered with rather larger granules than upperside ; laterally densely clothed
with short, pale, silken pubescence. Front and middle tibiae inside with an
elongate, densely pubescent space. Length 4.75 mm.

Devil's River, Texas.

A single specimen in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

This species is allied to robustus Sharp from Guatemala, but
seems to differ in being black, of narrower form, the striae with large
punctures and the surface clothed sparsely with short, stiff, recum-
bent hairs.

120 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

The genus Elsiamis is a member of the subfamily Helmin^e
(Elminas) separated by Dr. Sharp from the genus Elmis and its near-
est alhes by the mesosternal groove being hmited anteriorly by two
distinct raised lines and the longer maxillary palpi.

Helmis ornatus, new species.

Oval, black, underside and legs pale ; elytra with large transverse humeral
and ante-apical pale spot.

Prothorax broad, gradually arcuately narrowing to apex ; apical and basal
angles acute ; disk on each side with two longitudinal carinae of which the
outer one is short and the inner one long, reaching from base to very near the
apical margin, surface finely punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than the
thorax at base, sides arcuate ; strial punctures distinctly impressed ; intervals
feebly convex and finely punctate ; surface feebly pubescent. Length 2 mm.

Montana.

From our similarly marked oval species this new species will be
readily known by the entire inner thoracic stria or carina and from
those possessing an entire stria by its oval form anrl ornate elytra.

Family Lampyrid.ii.

Rhyncheros sanguinipennis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, III, p. 178,
1823.

The figure of Lycostouuis liticicollis Chev. in Biologia Cent. Am.
Col., Vol. III. pt. 2, pi. I, fig. 4, and the description agree very closely
with Say's species and I have very little doubt that the two are the
same.

Gorham. in treating the Central American species in the Biologia,
does not mention the genus Rhyncheros, which is, in my opinion, not
well founded, as most of the species of Lycostomus in our list have
a more or less short beak.

Lycostomus femoratus, new species.

Resembles in coloration and form fnlvellus Lee. but differs in having less
arcuate hind tibiae, femora in great part yellow and only near apex black ;
median thoracic spot much smaller, the thorax wider and more distinctly' tri-
sinuate in front, alternate elytral costse distinctly more elevated than the
others especially in apical half. Length 14 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

This is the species I reported in my list of Lampyridoe from the
Huachuca Mts., Arizona^ as fulvellus but having seen lately Colo-

' Journ. X. Y. Ent. Soc, vol. XVI, p. 62.

June, 191 1.] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 121

rado specimens of that species, the difference between the two was
quite obvious.

Lycos tomus simulans, new species.

Reseml)les very closely in form and color loripcs, from which it differs
in having a much shorter beak and shorter and wider last joint of maxillary
palpi. Length 1 1 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

This species is so very much like loripcs that it is very likely mixed
in collections with that species. Only two of our species, lateralis
and loripcs, have a narrower, elongate beak, which especially is very
long and narrow in loripcs. the rest of our species, including simulans,
have a much shorter and broader beak.

Lycostomus tabidus Gorh., Biol. Cent. Am. Col., Vol. Ill, pt. 2, p. 4.

As far as the description goes this species seems to be very close
to L. fuh'cllus Lee.

Eros nigripes, new species.

Black, elytra and lateral and apical margins of thorax red. Prothorax
with five well-defined cells, the median one finely carinate. Antennse about
half as long as the body, third joint shorter than fourth ; second and third
joints together about as long as fourth. Hind trochanters short. Length
7 mm.

Minnesota.

A single pair in collection of Dietz, of which the female differs
from the above described male as usual in shorter and stouter antennal
joints.

Family Clerid^.

Monophylla ruficoUis, new species.

Black upper and under side of prothorax and abdomen, except last seg-
ment red. Head densely punctate ; antennae ten-jointed, last joint of female
about as long as the preceding four or five joints. Form of thorax as in ter-
minata, surface very sparsely punctate on the disk but coarsely and densely
punctate near apical margin, near lateral margins almost impunctate. Elytra
clothed with cinereous pubescence, sculpture, below basal third, somewhat granu-
late rugose, obliterating the punctuation, which is rather fine and sparse and
only plainly visible near base. Length 7 mm.

Arizona.

I had regarded the single specimen, a female in my collection, as a
color variety of tcniiinata, but a closer examination shows that it

122 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

differs from that species in tiie relative length of the last antennal
joint and the different punctuation and sculjjture of prothorax and
elytra. The thorax is clear red without spot and the elytra is black-
throughout, though there is at about middle of lateral margin a small
indefinite space of dark brownish color, suggesting the possibility
that specimens may occur with a pale lateral spot as in the other
species.

Mr. Wolcott in Publ. Field Mus. Xat. Hist., Zool. ser., \'ol. VII,
p. 341, places pallipcs as a synonym of calif ornica with the following
remarks: "specimens of calif ornica in the author's collection from
Brownsville, Texas, agree in every detail with the brief description
of the recently described variety pallipcs. the type of which is also
from Brownsville, Texas, hence they are united."

.A.S far as his specimens are concerned the remarks are correct,
but he made the mistake of wrongly identifying his Brownsville speci-
mens as calif ornica. In regard to coloration both pallipcs and cali-
fornica are very similar but differ decidedly in the number and shape
of the antennal joints, especially in the female. Fall in his descrip-
tion calls attention to the difference in the number of antennal joints
of tcnninata and calif ornica. and Wolcott, in the jiublication cited,
p. 342, remarks under tcnninaia that the antennal joints of the males
of calif ornica and snbsfriata are eight-jointed and ten-jointed in
tcnninaia. but Wolcott never took the trouble to examine the antennal
joints of his Brownsville specimens, simply identifying it as ca/j/or«;ca
on the similaritv of coloration. The antennal joints in pallipcs are
very distinctly ten-jointed in both sexes, while in calif ornica the
antenn;e are nine-jointed at least in the female and possibly in the male
also. 1 did not care to handle very much the only two small male
specimens before me, of which one belongs to Mr. Fall, but there
seem to be four small joints between the second and the last three
joints. The four or five antennal joints preceding the last are grad-
ually enlarged in rnficollis, tcnninata and pallipcs, while in calif ornica
only the two joints i)receding the last are enlarged and very ab-
ruptly so.

I described pallipcs as a variety of tcnninaia. but 1 am convinced
now since seeing more material of the three species, that it is entitled
to specific standing.

In regard to coloration, the few specimens of calif ornica which I

Tune, I9II-] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 123

have seen, including three specimens kindly sent me by Mr. Fall for
comparison, are very variable, some specimens have black elytra with
pale lateral spot, others have apex and part of suture ferruginous
and sometimes the base also ; one specimen has an elongate ferrugi-
nous subapical heart-shaped sutural spot, the pale lateral spot is also
very variable in size.

In one male kindly sent me by Mr. Fall the elytra shows very
plainly near suture two longer impressed stride and one shorter, and
the black triangular lateral spots of the abdomen extend almost across
the base of each segment, other specimens show a faint indication of
one or two striae near suture. In two specimens of pallipcs there is
also a faint indication of two or three striae near suture. Wolcott
described substriafa and separated it from the rest of the species on
the possession of two or three striae near suture and the dark abdomen.
As shown above, this occurs in caUfornica also and if there are no
other characters to separate the tw^o substriata has to be united with
califoniica.

Substriata Wolc. is not included in the following table, as I could
not find in the description a good character to include it in the fol-
lowing table :^

Table of the Species of Monophylla.

1. Elytra black, granulate rugose, the punctuation nearly obliterated and only

visible at basal third ; prothorax unicolorous red, punctuation coarse and
dense at apical margin, fine and very sparse at middle of disk ; last an-
tenna! joint of female about as long as the four preceding joints.

ruficollis n. sp.
Elytra distinctly punctate from base to apex 2

2. Antennae of female ten-jointed 3

Antennae of female nine-jointed 4

3. Prothorax black, elytra brownish with a more or less distinct transverse

pale spot at middle of lateral margin ; femora black, tibiae generally pale ;

' Through the kindness of Prof. Wickham I received the type of AI. sub-
striata Wolc. in time to add a note on the species.

M. substriata Wolc. is, as I suspected, the same as califoniica Fall. The
thorax in substriata is not densely but sparsely punctate and much less rugose
than in the five specimens of caUfornica before me, but these, however, show
enough variation in this respect to indicate that the two cannot be separated
on the sculpture of thorax. The abdomen in Wolcott's type is a little com-
pressed, but the black or piceous spots at sides can be plainly seen. The sub-
sutural striae are said to be punctate-striate, which is not the case, they are
feebly impressed and cannot be seen in certain light.

J24 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

last joint of antennal club of female about as long as the preceding four

joints pallipcs Schaef.

Prothorax red with a central black spot of variable size ; elytra black with
side margin in about basal half and lateral transverse spot pale, last
antennal joint of female as long or almost as long as the eight preceding

joints tenninata Spin.

4. Prothorax black with apical margin more or less reddish, elytra with lateral
pale spot and sometimes with sub-apical pale sutural spot ; femora black,
tibiae pale, last antennal joints of female as long or almost as long as the
preceding joints californica Fall.

Family CeraiMbycid.^i.

Metaleptus femoratus Schaef., Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Mus., Vol. I, p. 384.
Metalcptus gracilis Fall., Can. Ent., Vol. XLI, p. 164.

Both names refer to the same species. Tlic description of M.
gracilis Fall appeared a few days later than that of M. femoratus
Schaef.

Calloides nobilis var. mormonus, new variety.

Head with two transverse fasciae of dense yellow pubescence, one above
the eyes and one below. Elytra with heavy basal fascia of dense yellow
pubescence, a short oblique fascia below this which does not attain suture
nor lateral margin ; between this and the basal fascia at lateral margin an
elongate spot, below middle a slightly arcuate, internally sinuate fascia from
lateral margin to suture : below this a more sinuate fascia which extends
from suture to almost the lateral margin and near apex an oblique fascia
from the lateral margin to suture Apex of mesosternum and apical margin
of first, second and third abdominal segments, except at middle, densely
clothed with yellow pubescence. The fascire on the elytra are all heavy and of
equal width. Length 27 mm.

Beaver Caiion, Utah.

A finely marked insect, which looks very distinct from nobilis bnt
presents no ,s^ood character to give it specific standing.

Stenosphenus lepidus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XII, p. 179.
Sfeiiosplicinis longicollis Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad., Vol. VI, p. 34.

The description of longicollis fits equally well lepidus, from w^hich
it is said to differ in having " the prosternum in front of the coxa;
depressed and coarsely, densely punctate-rugose, except at apical
margin, while in lepidus this space is divided by a polislicd, longi-
tudinal elevation, forming thus two depressed areas."

I have examined a number of males of lepidus as well as of other
species in regard to the constancy of this character and find that the

June. I9II.] Schaeffer: New Coleoptera. 125

longitudinal, polished space of the prosternum is a variable character
and is present in some specimens, more or less obliterated in others by
being sparsely punctate and rugose, while in a few the two areas are
united, owing to stronger, coarser punctuation and rugosity of the
usually smooth median area.

Dr. Horn described novatiis as having the prosternum of the male
in front of the coxae coarsely punctured and opaque but none of the
males which I have seen has this, though a few have some coarser
punctuation and rugosity of this part and are intermediate.

In dcbilis and dolosus some males have a more or less smooth
median area and others have the prosternum in front coarsely punc-
tured with scarcely an indication of a smooth median area.

In most of the specimens of heyeri examined, the prosternum in
front of coxae is coarsely punctate and rugose, though in a very few
there is a faint indication of a smoother median space, owing to this
part being less coarsely punctate and rugose, while in the specimens
of lugcns the two areas are generally very well defined.

.From the foregoing it is very plain that the sculpture of the pro-
sternum in front of coxae is very variable and cannot be relied upon
in the separation of species and even varieties as only a moderate
series is necessary to show the variability of the sculpture of the pro-
sternum in most of the species.

Family Cistelid^.

Stenochidus robustus, new species.

Elongate, black. Head densely and coarsely punctate, eyes as in gracilis
and cyanescens ; antennae reaching to the middle of elytra, second joint small,
third joint elongate, slightly longer than fourth, the latter slightly wider at
apex than third fifth and following gradually decreasing in length, but each
wider than any of the preceding joints. Thorax slightly broader than long;
sides feebly arcuate and deflexed near apex ; apical and basal angles rounded ;
surface densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider than the thorax
at base, humeral angles rounded, sides feebly arcuately widening towards apex,
striae relatively very deeply impressed and finely punctate ; intervals convex,
feebly rugose and finely irregularly punctate. Body beneath sparsely punc-
tate, except the underside of thorax which is more coarsely and densely punc-
tate, prosternum transversely rugose. Tibiae scarcely curved. Length 10.5 mm.

California. (O. Dietz.)

This species is very distinct from the others by its more robust

126 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t'^'"'- ^i^-

form, larger size, deeply impressed elytral stride and convex intervals.
The specimen described is a female and has the outer antennal joints
relatively wider than those of the females of gracilis and cvancscois.

The two species in our list, gracilis and cyancsccns, seems to be
rare, at least in collections, and have been considered by some to be
possibly one variable species. I have four females of gracilis and a
number of cyancsccns of both sexes. They are very close and it is
possible that specimens of gracilis may occur with black legs ; how-
ever, there is a difference in the relative length of the anteimal joints,
which are relatively shorter and the outer ones wider in gracilis. The
form of gracilis seems to be also slightly shorter and a little more
convex than cyancsccns.

I have another form which looks quite distinct on account of color
and more elongate, parallel form which seems to be entitled to a name.

Stenochidus cyanescens var. carbonarius, new variety.

Form of cyanescens, but more elongate and parallel ; upper surface black,
legs and antennae brown or piceous ; thorax less densely punctate than in
cyanescens. Length 8.25—9 mm.

Tulare County, California. (O. Dietz.)

There seems to be also a slight difference in the form of antennal
and tarsal joints, but the few specimens I have are not quite perfect.

BLATCHLEY'S BEETLES OF INDIANA/

This is a volume of 1.3H6 pages with 590 figures in which 3.555
species of beetles occurring or supposed to occur in Indiana are de-
scribed, 79 as new species. No such comprehensive work has here-
tofore appeared on American beetles and the book will be most useful
to students of Colcoptera.

The book starts with a brief treatise on the external anatomy of
beetles in which the technical terms to be used are explained by text
and figures. A copy of the classification of families by Leconte and
Horn follows, and then each family is taken up in turiL The treat-
ment includes a brief account of the habits, the division into tribes,

'Bulletin No. i. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources.
On the Coleoptera Known to Occur in Indiana, by W. S. Blatchley. Sept. 20,
1910.

June, 1911.] BlATCHLEY's BeETLES OF INDIANA. 127

genera and species by synoptic tables, supplemented by individual
descriptions of each species, with references throughout to the most
recent literature and with numerous figures. The volume closes with
a glossary and index, the new species being separately indexed on
the last page.

The work is largely a compilation from previous publications, but
much original work has been required to prepare synopses where none
previously existed, and in the comparison of Indiana specimens with
the descriptions. It has been a long sustained effort to bring so large
e work to a successful conclusion and Mr. Blatchley is to be con-
gratulated on its completion. As a whole, the work seems, after a
few weeks use, to be remarkably well done. The number of new
species is a little surprising and especially the number described in
obscure genera like Athcta, Cis, Brachynus and Melanotus. In addi-
tion to the new names given in the index, Anisodacfylus sayi is pro-
posed on p. 198 for piceiis Lee preoccupied.

The Rhyncophora are not included at all and only species known
(2,855) o'" supposed (700) to occur in Indiana are mentioned. With
these limitations the book Mr. Blatchley has prepared will fill a long
felt want for all students in the eastern part of the United States who
can at last find in one volume nearly all they need for the determina-
tion of their beetle captures. For late comers it is to be regretted
that the first edition is already exhausted. This, however, indicates
the appreciative reception the book has found.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of Tuesday, March i, 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 p. m. Presi-
dent C. W. Leng in the chair with twenty-three members and one visitor in
attendance.

In the absence of the recording secretary, Mr. C. L. Pollard was elected
secretary pro tern.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following publi-
cations :

Zool. Record, XLV, igo8. Insects.

Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pt. 8.

Zeitschr. f. Wissenschaftl. Insekt. Biol., VI, No. i.

128 Journal New York Entomological Society, f'^'o'- ^i^-

Berliner Entomol. Zeitschrift, LIV, nos. 3 and 4.

The committee appointed to investigate the purchase of additional book
cases reported through its chairman. Mr. Davis, that the Globe-Wernicke Co.
would furnish six additional sections, including tops, for $33. and would
make an allowance of about $2.25 for the return of bottom sections not re-
quired by the Society. On motion it was voted that the committee be author-
ized to make the purchase on these terms.

Dr. Raymond Osburn reported the receipt, for photograph collection, of
pictures of Dr. L. Kraatz, Mr. Otto Lugger and Dr. Hugo Soltau and requested
further contributions.

Mr. R. P. Dow moved that the regular meeting of April be made a joint
meeting with the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and that the members of
the latter be duly invited to attend. Motion was carried.

Mr. John D. Sherman addressed the society on the subject '" Beetles
from Labrador." He referred especially to the three general works on Labra-
dor, viz., " The Labrador Coast," by A. S. Packard ; " Along the Labrador
Coast," by Charles W. Townsend, and '" A Report on the Brown-Harvard
Expedition to Labrador in the Year 1900," by E. B. Delabarre, and stated that
Packard's list was the only enumeration of Labrador beetles. Mr. Sherman
had received nearly 10,000 specimens, representing about 100 species, from
various collectors, portions of whose letters were read. A number of speci-
mens were exhibited and commented upon, among them being Elaphrus
obliteratiis. Trechns rithens. Pterostichus puntatissimus, Amara glacialis,
Harpahis fiik'ilabris, Halophus cribrarins. Dytiscus parvulus, ' D. doricus.
Latridius minutus. Stenotrachelus arcuatus and Mordella borealis, many of
these representing additions to Packard's list. He referred to Agabus
arcticns as peculiar to Labrador, and mentioned the receipt of an undescribed
species of this genus. Aphodius gut tat us was the only Scarabsid in the collec-
tion, but by way of contrast three of the four known North American species
of Paronomus, a genus of Elateridae, had been received.

Mr. Thomas Hallinan spoke on " The Morphos and Caligos of the
Panamian Isthmus." He described the geography and topography of the
region with the aid of a map. Tt is a country of intense humidity and of
very great variation in the extent of rainfall, the two coasts differing in this
and other respects. He exhibited several species of Morpho and Caligo, and
commented on their habits, stating that the Morphos fly chiefly in the open,
sunny clearings during the morning hours, and are difficult to catch except
when flying against the wind ; while the Caligos fly in the denser and darker
parts of the jungle, where they are protected by the thorny vegetation.

Mr. Charles Schaeffer spoke on " Distinguishing Characters in the His-
teridcT." He stated that the number and position of the thoracic stria;
aft'orded the best characters, while the shape of the mesosternum. whether
truncate or emarginate. the outline of the front tibi;e, the thoracic hairs and the
two pygidia were also important.

Mr. Schaeffer also exhibited and discussed a specimen of Pterostichus
lacliryiiiosus having a peculiar malformation of the thorax.

Tune, 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 129

Dr. E. B. Southwick exhibited specimens of an orchid, the pseudobulbs of
which were infested with a small South American hymenopterous insect, Iso-
soma orchidarnm, a well-known pest of greenhouse orchids both in this
country and abroad.

Mr. W. T. Davis exhibited a fly Spilomyia quadnfasciata taken by him-
self on Staten Island some years ago.

C. L. PoLL.'iRD,

Secretary pro tern.

Meeting of Tuesd.w, M.\rch 13. 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. W. Leng
in the chair with eighteen members and one visitor in attendance.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer. reported the receipt of the following ex-
changes :

Wiener Entomol. Zeitung, XXIX, Nos. 2, 3.

Verhandlungen d. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesellschaft, Wien. LIX. Nos. 7. 8.

Some Bees of the Genus Augochlora from the West Indies, T. D. A.

Cockerell.

Zeitschrift f. Wissenschaftliche Insekten-biologie. VI, No. 2.

Insects Injurious to Sweet Potatoes in New Jersey, T. B. Smith.

Bull, de la Soc. Entomol. d'Egypt. 1909, No. 3.

Canadian Entomologist, XLII, No. 3-

Coleoptorum Catalogus, Part 9 and 10.

Through the president the curator reported that the preliminary arrange-
ment of the Diptera was partially completed and cabinets to contain these and
the Hymenoptera had been ordered.

Mr L H Joutel under the title of " A Scarabaeid new to Long Island,-
stated that among a catch of Long Island beetles made by Mr. Engelhardt
there were two specimens of Trichius tcxanus Horn, one of which he ex-
hibited with a male of T. piger. He pointed out the differences in the males
of the two species and called particular attention to the great difference in
the front tibia. In texa,m it is very broad, while in piger it is quite narrow.
He also referred to the differences in the punctures of the thorax of the two

Fpecies. ^

Dr J L. Zabriskie with the aid of lantern slides spoke on the ' Micro-
scopical Examination of some Structures of the beetle Bruehus discoideus
Say " The antennal structure of the male and female were shown and dis-
cussed special mention being made of the short spine at the apex of the last
segment of the male antennae. Other parts, which were shown and com-
mented upon were the mandibles, two pairs of maxilL-e. the peculiar emargina-
tion of the eye in which the base of the antenna rests, the legs and details
of structure of coxa, trochanter and tarsus, inside view of segments of pro-
thorax to show internal bracing chitinous rods, tergites of abdomen and
sculpture of elytra.

Mr. William T. Davis stated that he had recently examined numerous

130 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLXIX.

samples of dried fruits with a view to ascertaining what storage pests were
present. A few living larvre were found on figs, which were reared and proved
to be the common moth Plodia (Ephestia) interpunctella known to live upon
many kinds of stored foods. The most common beetle was Carpophilus hem-
ipterus Linn, which was found in dried pears, figs and prunes. The next
most common insect was Silvanus surinamensis Linn., which occurred in
prunes and figs. There also came from the box of prunes one specimen each
of Carpophilus niger Say, Cryptophagiis debilis Lee. and a species assigned with .
much doubt to Cryptophagiis conferius Casey. In the dried cherries Crypto- ^
phagiis acutangulns Gyll. was collected and in the dried pears Silvanus advena
Walth. The species of Cryptophagiis were identified with the assistance of
Mr. Charles W. Leng and the synopsis printed in the Society's Journal for
June. 1900.

Dr. Osburn reported the capture of the common syrphid fly, Eristalis
tcnax, in the house on Sunday, March 13. which was an unusually early date.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of Tuesday, April 5, igio.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. VV. Leng
in the chair with twenty-seven members and seven visitors present.

The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved.

The librarian read a letter from Prof. Wheeler which explained the
delay in the appearance of the March number of the Journal.

Mr. Dow of the Outing Committee announced that field meetings would
be arranged for Decoration Day and Fourth of July and that in the meantime
frequent short trips would Ije taken mostly on Saturday afternoons and Sundays.
All of those interested were asked to keep in touch with the committee.

The president referred to the death of Dr. Zabriskie in a few appropriate
words.

On motion of Mr. Dow, the following resolution, a copy of which the
secretary was directed to send to the family of Dr. Zabriskie, was incor-
[lorated in the minutes :

Resolved, that the New York Entomological Society has learned with
sorrow of the death of Rev. J. L. Zabriskie. a former president of the Society
and an active memljer in attendance at its last meeting, whose knowledge of
the microscopic structure of insects added to the scientific interest of its
meetings as his oratorical powers, preserved in his seventy-sixth year, added
to the dignity of its proceedings, and that this expression of deep regret on
the part of its members be spread upon its minutes and published in its
[iroceedings.

Dr. E. B. Southwick added a few words of tribute to the memory of Dr.
Zabriskie whom he had known since boyhood, and under whose influence he
began the study of natural history.

Professor John B. Smith, by means of numerous stereopticon slides gave
an interesting lecture on the subject of collectors and collections.

June. 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 131

On motion of Mr. Groth a vote of thanks was tendered to Professor
Smith for his interesting lecture.
Society adjourned.

Meeting of Tuesday, April 19, 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8:15 p. m. President

C. \V. Leng in the chair with seventeen members and three visitors present.

Dr. Osburn reported the receipt of a number of photographs to add to
the collection of entomologists and stated that the curator had provided a
suitable place for storing and exhibiting future additions in this line.

Mr. Dow. of the Field Committee, reported that short collecting trips would
be taken on Saturday afternoons and Sundays ; and requested that those who
desired to take these trips should keep in touch with the committee. The
librarian, Mr. Schaeffer. asked for permission to buy four volumes, unbound,
of the Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung to exchange with Mr. Angell for four
bound volumes of the same publication.

Mr. Grossbeck read a paper on the subject of " Observations on the
Behavior of the Digger Bee, Emphor bombiformis Cresson." Mr. Grossbeck
stated that observations were made on a colony of these bees discovered at the
edge of a cat-tail swamp near Arlington, N. J.. August 26, 1909. The bees
were busily engaged in digging burrows in the hard, shaly soil and provision-
ing them with masses of soft yellow pollen. Over an area three feet in
diameter, one main colony of 70 bees had made 127 holes. Three other smaller
colonies in the neighborhood were observed. He described their method of
burrow-making as well as the burrows, their carrying and storing of pollen
of the swamp rose mallow and the egg laying on the pollen balls. Specimens
of the bees, plaster casts of their burrows and balls of pollen were exhibited.

Mr. Engelhardt mentioned finding a small burrowing bee at Ft. Lee,
N. J., and in Utah, and Mr. Hallinan spoke of noticing similar bees in
Panama.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a collection of Mycetophagus and made some
remarks concerning their structural characteristics and their fungus-feeding
habits.

Mr. Shoemaker exhibited some varieties of Papilio philenor which he had
bred last summer, one showing abnormally shorter tails and another with
more evidence of white markings on the wings.

Mr. Lutz exhibited and explained a cyanogen gas tank which he had
constructed for killing insect pests in the insect collection.

Mr. Engelhardt exhibited some South American and West Indian butter-
Mies and called attention to the close resemblance between Danais erippus and

D. plexippus and spoke concerning protective mimicry among the butterflies.

Mr. Davis exhibited Professor Wheeler's new book on "" Ants,"
Society adjourned.

tth: K

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Price List of Entomological Publications

For Sale by the New York Entomological Society.

LiNELL, Martin L. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North
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Casey, Thos. L. Studies in Ptinidas, Cioidae, and Sphindidse ot
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Dyar, Harrison G. A review of the North American species of

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Dyar, H. G., and Knab, Frederick. The larvae of Culicidae

classified as independent Organisms 61 pp., 13 pi. $1.50.

Kearfott, W. D. Revision of the North American species of the

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Caudeli, a.. N. The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville.

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The abov^e papers will be sent on receipt of price by

CHAl^liES SCHflEFFEt^,

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Brooklyn cnuseum, Eastern Parkuisy,

Vol. XIX.

No. 3-

JOU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

2)cvoteD to Bntomoloa^ in (5cncraL

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Edited by W. M. WHEELER. ^ ^ ^ j, j.

^ A'

Publication Coinvnttct. , \ '(^r

Chaki-1':^ Schaeffer.
F. E. LuT7..

R. C. OSBURN.

W. M. Wheeli-r.

'Q/ial IViuse'^^'

l-vablistied Quarterly by tlr^e Society.

NEW YORK CITY

LANCASTER, PA.

1911.

I I

[Entered April 2X, 1904, at La-.caster. Pa., as second-class matter,

under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.]

»He NtW »« Pi«NT.,UNC*5TE«,(

COMTEIVTS.

New Species of Noctuidae for 1911. No. i. By John H. Smith 133

New Species and Genera of North American Lepidoptera. By Wm. Baknk-.

and J. McDu.sNAiHiH ..... 151

Notes on the Myrmecophilous Beetles of the Genus Xenodusa, with a Descrip-
tion of the Larva of X. cava Leconte. l!y Wii.i.i.am Morto.n Whkki.kr 163
An Ant-nest Coccinellid ( Brachyachantha quadripunctata Mels.). I'-y Wii-

i.iAM Morton Wheelkr ... 169

Notes on the Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea, with Descriptions of Several New

Genera and Species. By A. A. Gikaui.t 175

Three New GallMidges ( Dipt. ) . By E. P. Fki.t .... 190

A New Species of Luperodes. By Chari.hs W. Lkn(; . . . . 193

The Effects of Parasitic Castration in Membracidae. By T(;naz Maiaimh 194

Miscellaneous Notes ... 196

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 201

aounisr Ai^

Published quarterly by the Society, at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster
Pa , and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the editor, W. M. Wheeler, Bussey Institution, Forest
Hills, Boston, Mass., all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis,
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JOURNAL

JDf&i JBorh €lntoraoIogirHl HoriFtg.

^^c

Vol^^TT SEPTEMBER, 1911. No. 3.

NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR 1911. NO. i.

By John B. Smith, Sc.D.,

New Brunswick, N. J.

Demas infanta, new species.

Ground color a very dark, dull ashen or smoky gray. The head, collar
and breast are paler, more whitish, less powdery, and the antennae are yellow-
ish. The thorax is a little paler than the primaries and the patagia are
crossed by alternate bars of black and whitish as in the others of the genus.
Primaries very evenly dark powdered, almost smoky, with the white showing
only at the base of the wings. The median lines are just darker than the
ground, single, the t.a. preceded the t.p. followed by white scales which are
more obvious in the female. Lines are in course like those of flavicornis,
but there is no connection between them and there is no obvious median shade.
S.t. line outwardly dentate on the veins and emphasized by following whitish
scales, inwardly diffuse. There is a dusky terminal line preceded by a whitish
lunate shade line. The orbicular is small, whitish, round, tending to become
punctiform. Reniform small, narrow, elongate, whitish, with a narrow dusky
central line. Secondaries uniform smoky brown in both sexes. Beneath,
with a whitish hoary powdering over a smoky brown base. Tuftings of anterior
legs gray, else the vestiture of thorax and legs whitish.

Expands 38-42 mm. = i. 52-1. 68 inches.

Habitat. — New Brighton, Penna., IV, 29 (Merrick) ; Pennsyl-
vania, V, 2 (Kemp) ; Johnson City, Tenn., May.

Two males and one female that have come gradually into my col-
lection during the few years recently past. They were at first con-
sidered as very dark forms of flavicornis; but with both sexes at
hand, the difference became obvious. There is more than a casual
resemblance to Seirodonta hilincata and I should not be much sur-

133

134 Journal New York Extomological Society, [^'o'- ^^^

prised to find examples of this species masquerading among the

Notodontids.

Demas electa, new species.

Ground color bluish ash gray, the maculation black or blackish. Head
whitish, collar gray. Thorax crossed transversely by alternate bands of
blacl^ and white. Abdom«n smok-y. Primaries with the broad sub-terminal
area of the palest, least powdered ground, the darkest area extending through
the lower half of wing from base to t.p. line. There is a black broken basal
line and basal streak. Median lines single, black, narrow, very close together,
irregular, an outward tooth from the t.a. line joining an inward curve from
the t.p., and thus connecting the two in the submedian interspace. The s.t.
space is very wide and is outwardly limited by the slightly irregular and
dentate s.t. line which is itself outwardly defined by a whitish shade. A
terminal blackish line at base of fringes. Orbicular small, round, whitish,
with a black central dot. Reniform oblong, narrow, not well defined, whitish
with a distinct central blackish lunate mark. Secondaries blackish, semi-
diaphanous, fringes whitish, preceded and cut by blackish. Beneath smoky,
powdery, secondaries paler with traces of two diffuse transverse lines and a
small discal lunule.

Expands 37-40 mm. := 1.50-1.60 inches.

Habitat. — Winnipeg, Manitoba, May 31, 1909, Mr. J. B. Wallis.

Two very fine females, through Mr. Arthur Gibson of the Central

Experimental Farm. As compared with the previously described

species this is darker and decidedly blue gray, much better marked

than flavicornis, with which it agrees in the connected median lines.

The latter character and the more contrasting maculation distinguish

it from infanta, than which it is also a somewhat smaller species.

The type is in my collection, the paratype has been returned to Mr.

Gibson.

ANTITYPE Hbn.

Under this term Hampson lists the species with lashed eyes that
have been heretofore termed Folia in European catalogues. No
American species are referred to the genus by Hampson, but a series
of specimens lately received from California seem best referred to
it. The characters other than the lashed eyes are given by Hampson
as follows: "Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned,
short, the 2nd joint thickly clothed with hair in front; frons smooth,
rounded, eyes large; antennae of male typically ciliated; thorax
clothed chiefly with scales, or with hair and hair-like scales, the
pro- and meta-thorax with spreading crests; pectus clothed with long
hair; tibiae frinfred with hair; abdomen with dorsal crests on basal

Sept., igii.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid.e. 135

segments. Fore wing with termen crenulate ; . . . " The venation
offers nothing that is pecuhar. The species I have called :
Antitype uintara, new species.

Ground color a dull dark luteous. more or less black powdered, in fresh
examples reddish or even with a carmine flush ; but that seems to fade out in
most examples leaving a smoky or even blackish suffusion that gives the fore-
wings a mottled appearance. Head and thorax with an intermixture of rusty,
red and blackish, forming no definite maculation. Primaries with all the
lines present, varying from red to brown or black. Basal line geminate,
broken ; upper half of basal space dark, lower half of the luteous ground,
more or less powdered. T.a. line geminate, nearly upright, the outer element
distinct, lunate or outcurved in the interspaces, inner element obscure,
powdery, broken. T.p. line crenulate and somewhat irregular, as a whole
outcurved over cell and only a little incurved below ; the inner element usually
black, the outer powdery and followed by a row of white or whitish venular
dots which are sometimes conspicuous. A dift'use dusky median shade some-
times darkens almost the entire median space. S.t. line very irregular,
marked by the contrast between the dusky s.t. space and the terminal space
which is of the ground color. There is a series of distinct, rather large
terminal lunules, a pale line at the base of the broad tan-brown fringes and a
series of dusky lunules at tip of fringes, giving them a crenulate appearance.
Claviform wanting. Orbicular small, of the ground color, indefined, varying
a little in form but usually almost round. Reniform moderate or rather large,
broad kidney-shaped, of the ground color except for a central mark, not
distinctly outlined. Secondaries whitish and semi-transparent at base, with a
broad almost blackish outer border, the veins blackish : a small blackish discal
spot. Beneath, yellowish, powdery, with a distinct discal dot and a continuous
extra-discal blackish line on all wings, which also darken outwardly so that
the two pairs are unusually similar.

Expands 1.00-1.17 mches ^ 25-29 mm.

Habitat.— San Diego, Calif., XI, II, III; Witch Creek. Cali-
fornia, II, 3-14.

Fourteen examples, all males and in fair to good condition. The
species belongs to the typical section of the genus in which the
antennae of male are ciliated, the joints only a little marked. The spe-
cies is chunky in appearance and resembles at first sight some of the
small rather broad winged species of Mamcstra, like cimeata. A
fresh specimen with the carmine reddish tint well-marked is really
handsome; but the dull, powdery, discolored forms look sordid.

Perigea andrena, new species.

Head, thorax and primaries a soft dark smoky gray, the head and thorax
sparsely mingled with whitish scales giving a vague irrorate appearance.

13G Journal New York Entomological Society. LVoL xix.

Primaries with the normal maculation traceable only. Basal line indicated by
geminate marks on the costa only, the included space a trifle yellowish. T.a.
line marked in the same way on costa, but the outer portion of line traceable
by black scales in rather even interspaceal outcurves across the wing. T.p. line
better marked, traceable across the wing by elevated black scales, which tend
to become venular dots ; the course an even outcurve over cell, only a little
incurved below. S.t. line a little irregular, slightly paler, with a yellowish
tinge, variably marked by darker or blackish scales : obvious only when seen
at a proper angle to avoid the lustrous effect of the general surface. A series
of small black terminal lunules. Claviform barely indicated by black scales.
Orbicular small, round, annulate in yellowish and forming the most obvious
markings. Reniform large, constricted, incompletely defined, with a partial,
narrow, black edging and an incomplete inner ring of yellowish, variable in
the specimens. Secondaries white, with a blackish outer border and a narrow,
blackish terminal line. Beneath pale, powdery, primaries a little darker, all
wings with a more or less obvious extra-median line and discal spot.
Expands 34-35 mm. = 1.35-1.40 inches.

Habitat.- — San Diego, California, MI, 31, VIII, I, XI, 2: George
H. Field.

Four examples, all males, in fair condition. The vestiture of
this species consists of lustrous scales, easily dislodged and in no
case is the thoracic tufting perfect: hut it indicates a small anterior
and a larger more spreading posterior tuft. In one example there
are three small dorsal tuf tings on the hasal segments of ahdomen ; but
these are wanting on the others. The front is flat, without pro-
tuberance, the palpi oblique, reaching to the middle of front. The
antenucC have the joints slightly marked and laterally ciliated.

POLIA Auct.
Under the generic term Polia. we have always had in our lists
an aggregation of species that were not closely related to the Euro-
pean species arranged under the name, and which were not even gen-
erically identical. But the species were nearly all rare, were not well
known, and thev remained unchanged until, in 1895. ^Ir. Grote pro-
posed the term Andropolia, without description, for theodori and
its immediate allies. Hampson adopts this term for those narrow-
winged si)ecies with an irregular s.t. line, in which the shadings form
two more or less conspicuous triangular patches basing on the outer
margin, the apices touching the t.p. line opposite cell and opposite
anal angle. The other broad winged forms are referred to Eurotypc
Hampson, and are closely associated with Xylotypc capax which is a

Sept., igii.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid.^. 137

correct disposition of the matter. Among the species referred to
Andropolia, we find, first of all A. divcrsilincata Grt., to which Polia
illcpida Grt., $, is cited as a synonym. Andropolia illcpida Grt., c?,
nee $, has Polia resoluta Sm., as a synonym. With this disposition
of the subject I can scarcely agree. Mr. Grote described his Hadcna
divcrsilincata from a single male collected by Packard, and that type
I saw in the Cambridge collection : a badly patched example, covered
with mildew, and Mr. Grote seems not to have recognized the species
again at any time later. Certainly when, two years thereafter, he
described Polia illcpida, he makes no reference to Hadcna divcrsi-
lincata, and he then had both sexes before him. This is not a rare
species and Mr. Grote labelled up a number of specimens of both
sexes, one of which, a female, is now before me. After seeing types
of both species I united them in my Catalogue.

Hampson in his monograph separates the two species as follows:

Forewings with median lines distinct diversiliiicata

Forewings with median Hnes almost obsolete illcpida

and this is in line with Mr. Grote's original descriptions. He also
brings out a difference in the ground color of primaries, making
diversilineata gray-white, thickly irrorated with black, while illcpida
is pale gray, suffused and irrorated with red brown. He had before
him when he made this separation the male type of illcpida, and of
diversilineata there were i d" and 5 9.

I have before me at present, a series of 7 c? and 13 9 which
divide rather nicely into two groups, 3 d' and 3 $ having a reddish
suffusion through the primaries and giving, as a whole, an impression
of red, while the others lack all this tingeing and give, as a whole, a
decided impression of blue gray, with whiter secondaries. In both
series there are specimens in which the median lines are distinct and
continuous, and others in which they are practically obsolete, with all
sorts of intermediate stages. Furthermore, in the males the lines are
generally less distinct and more have them obsolescent, than in the
females. None of the ornamental characters in Hampson's descrip-
tions mark permanent differences, and the only thing that does re-
main is the reddish shading of illcpida as against the blue gray of
diversilineata. I have both forms from Colorado but the bulk of my
divcrsilincata series is from Arizona and New Mexico. It is also
interesting to note that the type locality for diversilineata is Manitou

138 Journal Xew York Entomological .Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

and that I have examples of both forms labelled Colorado Springs,
which is practically the same. I have the two series separated in
my collection, but doubt whether there are really two species.

Polia rcsoluta Smith, on the other hand, is altogether different
from either of the preceding. The female type is before me and has
a pure white ground and white secondaries, besides differing in other
details. It is paler than the male type, but I have another female
that matches the male more nearly in that respect. It differs from
both Ulcpida and divcrsUincata far more than these differ from each
other, and I feel sure that Sir George could not have seen my species
at all.

I have another series of five clean and definitely marked examples
from Utah, which stand out at once and are surely undescribed.

Andropolia submissa, new species.

(]round color of head, thorax and abdomen white, more or less closely
black powdered, so that it may at first impress one as light blue gray. Head
with a black frontal line. Collar w-ith a variably marked dusky shading,
which may be entirely absent Ijeiow tip. Patagia sometimes with a fairly
marked submarginal dark border, more often without obvious maculation.
Primaries neatly marked, very like illepida on the whole, but varying in the
relative distinctness of the individual features. In all cases the single black
or blackish median lines are present ; t.a. with a slight and rather even out-
curve to vein i. below which it cur\es out rather abruptly: the t.p. bent
aljruptly outward below costa and then very evenly, almost parallel with the
outer margin to the inner border. The s.t. line is very irregular, forms two
long black teeth on veins 3 and 4, reaching the outer margin at that point, and
above and below this so shaded as to form two triangular black patches which
vary much in distinctness. Quite usually a black streak from the lower dark
patch extends inward across the t.p. line and well into the median space
below vein 2. A median shade starts obliquely outward from a well-defined
black or blackish costal patch to the lower angle of the reniform ; then
becomes less distinct and runs parallel with and close to the t.p. line. The
basal line is fragmentary, but marked in all cases, tending to become geminate,
and in the best marked individual there is a slender black line from base to
t.a. line, at the point where the small, loop-like claviform is attached. This
line and even the claviform may be altogether wanting. Orbicular concolorous,
irregularly ovate, oblique, moderate in size, incompletely outlined. Reniform
large, kidney-shaped, tinged with rusty brown, more or less invaded inferiorly
by the median shade, outlined by darker scales and a somewhat broader pale
annulus within them. A series of black terminal lunules. Secondaries
whitish to a rather faint extra-median line, beyond which they are blackish
gray, darkening to the while fringes. Beneath, whitish with scanty black

Sept., igii.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid^. 139

powderings, most obvious on the primaries. In the best marked examples a
dusky discal spot and an extra-median spot are traceable ; but usually there
is no obvious maculation.

Expands i. 60-1. 75 inches = 40-44 mm.

Habitat.— Provo, Utah, VIII, 8, Mr. Tom. Spalding.

Five females in good condition, varying greatly in markings,
but yet looking very much alike. On the whole much paler than in
diversilincata and without the reddish shading of illepida.

So closely does this species resemble the others referred to this
series, that it is fair to assume that the male will be found to have
pectinated antennae.

Polia theodori Grt. and Polia epichysis Grt.

These are two remarkably similar forms, described as distinct
by Mr. Grote, but usually accepted as color variations and so referred
by me. Hampson follows the reference, with both types and an ap-
parent total of five examples of both forms under examination.
With a materially larger series of each, I am not so sure as I once
was, of their identity, the pure white secondaries of both sexes in
theodori, standing out prominently against the smoky reddish suffu-
sion in epichysis.

A much smaller species evidently belonging here but unlike any
other thus far described, is

Andropolia olga, new species.

Head, thorax and primaries white, powdered with black atoms and locally
suffused with rusty brown. Head with a broad inferior black band and a
narrow interantennal black line : sides of palpi rusty brown. Collar dark
brown above a narrow black line. Disc rusty brown, posterior tuft marked
with umber brown. Patagia with a rusty shading, edged by a narrow black
line. Primaries with rusty shading at base, through the outer half of median
space and over the s.t. line, not defined nor exactly localized. Transverse
lines black, distinct, single. Basal line broken, dentate. T.a. line outwardly
oblique, strongly dentate, the tooth below vein i connecting with the median
shade and greatly narrowing the median space. T.p. line narrow, only a little
denticulate, moderately outcurved over cell and nearly parallel with outer
margin below it. Median shade broad, conspicuous, diffuse, outwardly oblique
from costa to lower outer angle of reniform, then close to and parallel with
t.p. line to inner margin. S.t. line conspicuous, black, irregular, diffuse, with
strong outward teeth not reaching the margin on veins 3 and 4, a long inward
tooth to the t.p. line opposite cell, and a similar tooth in sub-median inter-
space, where a brown shading obscures a black streak which is traceable from
the outer margin to the narrow loop-like claviform. A diffuse brownish black

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. C^'o'- ^^-'^•

shade extends through the lower half of submedian interspace from base to
median shade. Orbicular oval, decumbent, broadly black-ringed, centered with
rusty. Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, black-ringed, rusty-centered,
Secondaries white, with a slightly iridescent smoky shading which is most
obvious at hind angle. Beneath white, a little powdered, with a punctiform
extra-median line and a discal spot on each wing.
Expands 1.55 inches = 39 mm.

Habitat.- — Sierra Nevada, California.

One male in good condition, which has been in my collection for
twenty years or more. It is a conspicuous form and I have been
constantly hoping to get others — thus far without success.

The antennne of the male are ciliate and the species is there-
fore related to /Arot/or/, to which also the type of maculation refers it.

XYLOMIGES Gn.

In re-arranging my specimens belonging to this genus {Xylomania
Hampson), I separated out the sexes of the long suites of the riibrica
series and noted, what I had not realized before, that all the uni-
formly colored specimens were males, and that all those in which
there was a curved black shading that separated off a more or less
contrasting apical area were females. It turned out that I had 2i(^and
20 $, and that these separated very nicely into three distinct types.
Of X. piilchclla Sm., I have 2 6 and i ?, and they differ from all
others in the very dark basal and s.t. areas, leaving the median space
contrastingly pale with only a slight reddish tint. The curved shade
in the female is broad, black and contrasting. They are from \'an-
couver, Laggan and N. \V. British Columbia without dates.

Of X. rtibrica Harv., I have 8 males and 7 females coming from
California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado and British Columbia: all
early dates — IVIarch and April. Hampson had only 2 feiuales of
riibrica, one of them the type, and the figure 14 on his plate LXXXIX,
is a very good representation of that sex. Of X. pcrlubens Grt.,
he had only the male type and that is figure 19 of the same plate, and
not so good a figure. There is no doubt however that it is the male
to Harvey's species, and is not my sitbapicalis, which has the sexes
similar and has a narrower curved shading on a much darker base.
Rubrica has the median lines distinct in both sexes, the coloring and
maculation is lively, and is a mottling of creamy, reddish and gray
tints, with the black or blackish brown curved subapical mark in the
female stronglv contrasting:.

Sept., igii.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid.'e. 141

There remains a series of ii males and ii females, all from
Pullman, Washington, in iMay, and all very much more uniform in
tint. The males are almost uniform reddish gray, the median lines
lost, the s.t. rather contrastingly yellow and very narrow. The ordi-
nary spots are fairly well defined; but are scarcely relieved in tint.
The female is brighter and the apical area is paler and with a reddish
shading; but the curved shading is only blackish, outwardly diffuse
and not contrasting. This form I have labelled miistelwa, and it
forms the beginning of the development of the series which culmi-
nates in pulchclla.

SuhapicaUs is not so closely allied to this series as I had believed
from insufficient material, and the original reference of my species
to the synonymy was made by myself after an inspection of Grote's
type of pcrhibcns. Hampson apparently did not have my species at
all, and simply followed my reference.

Tricholita ulamora, new species.

Head and thorax hoary reddish gray, ahiiost fawn gray, immaculate.
Primaries dull reddish brown, powdery, the white-marked reniform being the
only conspicuous feature. The median lines are very narrow, black, thread-
like, the t.a. with large outward teeth in the interspaces, the t.p. narrowly
crenulate. A narrow black terminal line, cut by yellowish venular dots at
base of fringes. Claviform small, vaguely indicated by black scales. Orbicular
small, round, concolorous, very narrowly black-ringed. Reniform small, nar-
row, upright, outwardly and inferiorly marked with white dots that relieve
it from the surroundings. Secondaries whitish, black powdered, with a small
black discal dot. Beneath smoky, powdery, primaries much darker, each wing
with a discal spot.

Expands 1.34 inches = 33 mm.

Habitat.— San Diego, California, X, 20, 1908, Mr. George H.
Field.

A single male in good condition, the antennae lengthily pecti-
nated. The species somewhat resembles artcga Barnes, which has
however more pointed primaries, and has the secondaries of the male
smoky fuscous, without discal spot.

It was received from Mr. Field under the number jt,, and has had
no mates since its receipt, from any source.

Tricholita endiva, new species.

Head, thorax and primaries a rather soft mouse gray,- the head and
thorax without markings. Primaries with all the transverse maculation lost
except for the narrow terminal blackish line which is very narrowly cut with

142 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- ^^^•

white on the veins. The loop-like concolorous claviform is narrowly out-
lined in black in most specimens, but tends to become obsolescent. Orbicular
obsolete. Reniform small, narrow, a little constricted, with the inner margin
obscurely defined by black scales, the outer edge marked by a series of small
white dots : a white spur runs back from lower angle of reniform along the
median vein ; usually a very short distance only — exceptionally nearly half
way to the base ; and usually this streak is edged by black scales. Secondaries,
in the male soiled white, with a small dark discal dot and a narrow blackish
exterior border : in the female blackish throughout, paler and somewhat more
transparent at base. Beneath whitish, powdery, in the male, blackish powdery
in the female.

Expands 1.06-1.16 inches = 26-29 mm.

Habitat. — Yavapai County, Arizona, in September (\lr. Otto
P.uchliolz) ; Santa Catalina Mts.. Arizona, in September (Dr.
Barnes) ; Ft. Wingate, New Mexico, August 28.

Four males and four females in good or fair condition — five of
them from Mr. Buchholz who has others. This is a little smaller
and much darker than cliipcta Barnes, which it resembles most nearly
in maculation. In the latter the markings are also much better
written, the orbicular is distinct in all the specimens before me and
the claviform is usually connected with the base by a narrow black
streak. I had confused the two examples that I had prior to receiv-
ing Mr. Buchholz's specimens, with fistula Harv., which is a larger
form and has some of the transverse maculation present in almost all
examples, the s.t. space tending to become relieved against the darker
terminal area. The male antennae are lengthily, the female very
shortlv pectinated, resembling in this both cliipcta and fistula.

Tricholita erebus, new species.

Head, thorax and primaries dull black with a purplish tinge. Head and
thorax without markings. Primaries with the normal markings traceable by
velvety black scales and by a few yellow scales. At base there is a velvety
black mark indicating the basal line on cell. A geminate t.a. line is just
traceable in some specimens and to it is attached the loop-like claviform which
is distinctly outlined in velvety black in all specimens. The orbicular is small,
round, narrowly black ringed and this black ring is sometimes edged inwardly
with yellow scales. Reniform small, upright, incompletely outlined, the outer
border edged with whitish scales. T.p. line vaguely traceable in some
specimens. S.t. line indicated by scattering whitish or yellow scales, preceded
by more or less obvious sagittate velvety black marks. A very narrow yel-
lowish line at base of fringes, and small yellow dots at ends of veins.
Secondaries whitish at base, darkening to blackish outwardly : a narrow
blackish extra-median line and a discul mark. Beneath : primaries blackish.

Sept., 19:1.1 Smith: New Species of Noctuid.e. 143

powdery; secondaries whitish, black powdered; all wings with an extra-n.edian
line and a discal spot.

Expands i. 32-1.40 inches = 33-35 mm.

Habitat.— Ch{vic2.\ma Mts., Arizona.

One male and three female examples in fair condition only, ihe
specimens had evidently been papered and are somewhat flattened;
but the wings and their vestiture are practically intact. No date is
on the label and no indication of the source from which they were

received. .

The antenn.^ of the females are only a little less lengthily pecti-
nated than those of the male, and in this character the relation is
close to the typical species. The superficial resemblance is to Hadena
impulsa.
Perigonica eldana, new species.

Ground color pale luteous with a slightly reddish tinge, variable in the
specimens. Head inferiorly blackish, else head and thorax concolorous, nr>-
,naculate; abdomen paler. Primaries more or less obviously -"o- ^ ^ d
blackish, all the markings traceable, rarely complete and tendmg to obsoles
cence. Basal line geminate, punctiform, traceable in the best xnarked examples
to the inner margin. T.a. line only a little irregular, moderately o-^^-r.e^J-^
outwardly oblique, the outer portion even, but tending to break ; not lunulate
nnlr portion powdery, punctiform or altogether lost so that the line appears
single. T.p. line dusky, lunulate when best marked, outer portion venular and
punctiform Median shade line obvious in all specimens darkest and mo t
obvious from the middle of costa obliquely outward to the lower edge of rem
form, there angled and thereafter close to and parallel w.th t.p. hne to the
,nner margin, becoming less obvious in the paler examples S.t. hne o the
palest .^round, chiefly relieved by the dusky powdenng of the rest of the
Tint b^t pre;eded on costa by a dusky shading. A series of b ack terminal
dots. Orbicular round or a little ovate, moderate in size, outhned by b acUsh
scales or almost lost in the uniform powdering. Reniform upright, a little con-
stricted medially, vaguely outlined by a pale annulus which may or may not
be emphasized by blackish defining scales. Secondaries ^^^'^^^'J''l\'^'^'
outer border that is less marked in the male and with a smal blackish disca
dot. Beneath pale with a faint reddish tinge, coarsely powdered a ong the
costal area, all wings with a discal spot, primaries with an extramedian line
which becomes lost before it reaches the inner margin.
Expands 38-43 mm. = 1.52-1.72 inches.

Habitat.-G\env.-ood Springs, Colorado, in May (Barnes); So.
Arizona, April and May (Poling).

Three males and three females, mostly in good condition, ihis
species resembles angnlata Sm., in size and general appearance; but

144 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [N'"1. xix.

has the antcniue of the male pectinated instead of serrated and
bristled. It is the species described and figured by Hanipson as
tcrtia Dyar : Init is not the species described by Dyar under that
name. Dyar's first note on the species is in his catalogue (1902) in
which he says, following the name, " markings of angulata, antennae
of fulminans." California and Oregon are given as localities. The
descriptive words would fit the species just characterized here, most
excellently well, and probably Hampson depended upon them in his
identification of the species. Rut in the Prcc. Ent. Sec. Wash., V,
294 (1903), Dyar gives a further description of the species, basing
it on three examples, two of them from Portland. Oregon, under
date of April 23 and May 11. Two characteristic features are the
definite statement that the ordinary spots are blackish filled, and the
absence of all reference to a median line. The expanse is given as
T,"/ mm.

I have two examples from Corvallis. Oregon, both taktn in April
— one of them April 22. and complying in every respect with Dyar's
description. They are labelled tcrtia Dyar. apparently after com-
parison made, but there is no statement to that effect on the label.

Hampson in Vol. V of his Catalogue, p. 435, describes tcrtia Dyar,
from one Californian and two Arizona examples, no definite locality
being given in either instance. Portland, Oregon, is also cited, evi-
dently from Dyar, but the description accords in no way with that
given by the latter author. The angulated median shade is specifi-
cally mentioned and the ordinary spots are said to be ill defined and
the reniform merely darkened inferiorly. The expanse is given as
44 mm., as against 37 nun. The figure 30. en i)late XC, is from an
Arizona specimen and represents perfectly the little series of six
examples now before me. Dr. Dyar's species as based on the Oregon
examples and his description, is a perfectlv good one and entirelv dis-
tinct from the species characterized under the same name by Hamp-
son, which I have just described as cidaiia. P. punctilinca Sm., from
the same general region, has the primaries nuich less angulated and
has dusky secondaries, resembling the .species of Strctchia more
closely.

Perigonica fermata, new species.

Ground color pale luteous, with a more or less obvious reddish tinge and.
in some specimens, a scant powdering of fine black atoms. Head inferiorly

Sept., iQii.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid^. 145

and palpi, blackish at sides : else head and thorax uniformly of ground.
Primaries without contrasts, the usual maculation very finely written. Basal
line geminate, tending to become lost, usually marked by a pair of oblique
dusky streaks below median vein. T.a. line geminate, tending to obsolescence,
and entirely lost in some specimens ; in the best case broken, nearly upright,
a little outcurved between the veins. T.p. line usually reduced to a narrow
pale line and a series of small black venular dots, as a whole broadly bisinu-
ate : in some examples the pale line tends to obtain a definite margin at some
parts of its course. S.t. line narrow, pale, continuous, almost parallel with
outer margin. Small black terminal dots in some specimens only. An
oblique dusky median shade is marked over the costal region in all specimens
and is lost in the reniform or only vaguely traceable below it, close to the t.p.
line. Orbicular concolorous or a little darker, narrowly pale ringed, moderate
in size, oblique, oval. Reniform a little darker than ground, narrowly pale
ringed, narrow, very much elongated. Secondaries whitish, semi-transparent,
veins a little soiled. Beneath whitish, powdery along the costal and apical
region, primaries with a dark discal spot and extramedial line ; secondaries
with costal spot only.

Expands i. 36-1. 48 inches = 34-37 mm.

Habitat. — San Diego, California, in early March.

Six males and one female in fair condition only, received through
l\Ir. H. H. Brehme. The female is a little darker than any of the
males and the ordinary spots are a little more relieved; but other-
wise there is no difference. The angulation of the primaries is well
marked and the indications are that in perfect specimens the fringes
are crenulated.

STRETCHIA Hy. Edw.

In re-arranging the species referred to this genus in our lists,
divided by Hampson among Perigrapha, Strctchia, Xylomania and
Monima, I was struck with the remarkable constancy of the species
when properly separated out and with the ease with which a little
carelessness or lack of sufificient material, may give an erroneous im-
pression.

For convenience I list all the species mentioned here as Strctchia,
and give the order in the apparent relation of our own species.

S. prima Sm. Only a single male example from Sierra Nevada;
very unlike any other of the species.

S. normalis Grt. Fifteen examples, nearly equally divided as to
sex and practically alike, though they range in locality from British
Columbia to middle California, and six widely separated points are
represented. The only difference is in the amount of contrast and

146 Journal New York Entomological Society, f^'o'- ^i-^-

that may be due in most instances to the age or condition of the
examples.

5". inferior Smith is not represented in the series now before me.

.S". plusiiformis Hy. Edw. Ten males and three females from
various points in Colorado and Washington. Practically no differ-
ences in the markings; but quite some difference in the amount of
contrasts. An unusually bright example might readily be referred to
vinricina. and indeed my series was mixed. In phisiiformis the ter-
minal and s.t. areas are of the same gray color, and the s.t. line is
practically parallel with the outer margin. In muricina the terminal
area is paler than the rest of the wing, and the inner margin of this
pale area forms a very decided inward curve or arcuation.

S. muricina Grote. Four males and two females, much brighter
and more contrasting than phisiiforniis. from which it has been dif-
ferentiated above.

S. hchrcnsiana Grote. Not represented in my collection.

S. acciirata Hy. Edw. Described as a Pliisia and looks it. I have
only one female from Las Vegas, New Mexico.

S. crythrolita Grote. I was rather proud of my series of this
species, containing 13 dl' and 16 ? and meant, after separating out the
sexes, to make a series running from almost uniform powdery gray
to nearly black ; but after I had made my separation of the sexes
there was a hitch in forming the series, until I recognized that I had
three species. The type form of crythrolita Grote was fixed by a
specimen bearing the author's label, coming from the type material
and agreeing also with Hampson's figure and description. Of this I
have six males and four females. The males are very uniform in
color and appearance, the females differ a little more. In all cases
the primaries are pale violet gray, a little powdery, and the median
lines are lost. The ordinary spots are more or less darkened, nar-
rowly ringed with yellow and always present. The s.t. line is char-
acteristic, bi-sinuate, never continuous, not reaching the costa in any
case, preceded by a blackish shading which is always interrupted in
the middle and tends to become reduced. In the male the onlv varia-
tion noted is the tendency to lose all the blackish shadings. Among
the females, one example is an almost uniform smoky gray. My ex-
amples are from Witch Creek and San Diego, California, and are
dated in b^ebruarv.

Sept., 191 1.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid^. 147

Stretchia apicata, new species.

Resembles erytlirolita in general type of maculation and appearance ; but
is a little more robust and of a powdery fawn brown. The median lines are
traceable by venular dots, the reniform is a rather large, ill-defined dark
blotch, and the s.t. line is almost or quite continuous to near costa, where it is
met by a little spur from the apex, so that the line to all appearance runs
continuously to the apex itself and not to the costa. The blotchy reniform,
the ground color, and the course of the s.t. line, characterize the species.

The male is labelled San Diego in February, the female Pasadena,
IV, 30. There are only two examples, and there may be more varia-
tion than I suspect, when more material comes to hand.
Stretchia acutangula, new species.

Has the pale blue gray ground of erytlirolita, and looks like a form of
that species in which the transverse maculation is present. In normal ex-
amples the geminate median lines are well marked, and a well defined median
shade is also present. The s.t. space is always dark, in contrast to the pale
terminal area, and the s.t. line is thus continuously and sharply defined for its
full length ; a very distinct and sharp tooth being formed just below the apex,
which is the characteristic feature of this species. The tendency is for the
blackish s.t. shade to extend inwardly and, in the male, it reaches the median
shade in one example. In the female it may reach the t.a. line, leaving only
the basal area gray and, indeed, in that sex the entire specimen may become
so uniformly smoky that even the characteristic s.t. line is to be made out
only with difficulty.

There are 6 J" and 11 ? from Witch Creek, San Diego, Monterey
and Pasadena, California, in November, February and March.

S. pulchella Harvey.

Of this species I have only 2 c? and 2 ?, from Colorado (Bruce)
and California; one example labelled Santa Clara Co., the other with
a State label only. No two specimens are alike, and at first blush
an extremely variable species is indicated. But here again, careful
study shows that the markings in all are absolutely identical and
only the relative distinctness of the ornamentation varies. The
characteristic feature of the species seems to be the very strongly
crenulated t.p. line, and the well defined dusky orbicular. I re-de-
scribed the species as addenda, from a type showing no marked con-
trasts, and came near re-describing it again as orbiculata from a type
in which the orbicular is unusually contrasting. Hampson with both
species before him did not recognize their relationship, and refers
pulchella to Perigrapha, while addenda figures as Monitna.

148 JouRXAL New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

S. fringata Smith.

Described under Tccniocauipa, but belonging better with this
series. There are 17 c? and i ? under examination, all from jMonterey
Co., California, in March, and all practically alike. The color is a
very uniform pale reddish brown, with a tendency to a violet gray
suffusion, and all the normal maculation is present, just enough
darker than the ground to be easily traceable. The wing-form and
general appearance is not unlike the more uniform examples of pul-
chella, but the antennae are very shortly pectinated and not much
more marked than in prccscs.

Stretchia algula, new species.

Deep purplish red brown, with a tendency to violet gray. Head and collar
tending toward a more crimson tinge ; but this varies and on the collar is not
always uniform. On the primaries the maculation is just traceable in some
of the specimens, altogether lost in others, and distinct in none of those before
me. The median space may be a little darker and the moderate, well sep-
arated ordinary spots, may have slightly paler annuli that bring them some-
what into relief. The median lines are geminate, the outer portion of t.p.
line venular and punctiform. Secondaries dull smoky brown in both sexes.
Beneath with a crimson tinge, pow^dery, disc of primaries darker, secondaries
paler, with a discal mark and a more or less obvious extra-median dotted line.

Expands i. 36-1. 52 inches = 34-38 mm.

Habitat. — Arrowhead Lake, British Columbia.

Two 6 and 4 $, all from the Barnes collection. The species is
a ver}' robust one, with lengthilv pectinated male antennae, and there
seems to be nothing in our fauna with which it might be readily con-
fused. Except for the slight differences in distinctness of maculation
there is absolutely no variation.

S. acJisha Dyar. Two males and one female from Arrowhead
Lake, out of the Bariies Collection, agree almost perfectly with the
description and I have little doubt as to the identity of the species.
The specimens are very much alike, and easily recognizable by the
peculiar contrasts in shading on primaries. The ordinary spots are
well separated, narrowly ringed with pale and the median lines are
geminate. The primaries are violet gray except in the lower portion
of basal and most of the median space, which are purplish red brown.

wS". transparcns Grt. Not in my collection and seems to be rare.
Orthosia hamifcra Grt. is cited as a synonym and the onlv speci-
mens known to me are in the U. S. X. M.

Sept., I9II.] Smith: New Species of Xoctuid.^. 149

6*. prccscs Grt. I have 4 c? and 3 ? of what may be considered the
more typical form, and two males of whose standing I am uncertain.
In this form the male antennae are serrate 'and bristled rather than
actually pectinated, and the head and collar are paler than the body
of the thorax. On the primaries the ordinary spots tend to become
confluent, and the s.t. line is well defined or even contrasting. There
is a tendency to a black filling between the ordinary spots; but how
far this goes, my series leaves me in doubt.

Extends from Monterey, California, north to British Columbia.

S. salcppa Smith. Agrees with prccscs in the paler head and col-
lar, but is otherwise amply distinct. It is a strigate, mottled form,
tending to become blotchy, and altogether different from the smooth
even markings of prccscs. My series at present contains 5 c? and 2 ?.
All my examples are from Wellington, British Columbia, and were
taken in April.

Pleonectyptera serena, new species.

Ground color ranges from pale or bluish ashen to reddish or yellowish
gray, the gray sometimes tending to drop out of the reddish or yellowish com-
bination. Primaries more or less powdery. Median lines incepted at costa
by more or less obvious black or blackish triangular spots. T.a. line nearly
upright, almost rigid, consisting of a rusty reddish or yellowish inner and a
smoky or blackish or black outer line. This is a variable feature, the line
being scarcely traceable in some examples, while in a very few, the blackish or
black portion only is obvious, usually more or less broken. T.p. line very
evenly and only a little bi-sinuate. sometimes broken or bent on the internal
vein. It consists of a rusty reddish or yellowish central line, inwardly
bordered by a narrow blackish or smoky line and outwardly by the darker s.t.
space more or less emphasized by smoky or black margining scales. This line
also varies, but is always conspicuously present and the pale included shade
is always one of the obvious features. The preceding shade line is a continu-
ation from the costal spot and is most often narrow, smoky and continuous :
it is rarely altogether absent, hut may be broken and sometimes is marked
with black scales, especially between veins i and 4 : in one example it is
almost continuously black. The s.t. line is rather irregularly and strongly
sinuate, making a rather small outcurve over veins 7-9 and another, much
better marked over veins 3 and 4, where small outward dents often break
into the terminal space. This line is usually marked by the difference be-
tween the dark subterminal and paler terminal space : sometimes it is an
almost continuous white line, sometimes it is broken into white dots and some-
times it is preceded by a distinct darker shade which may be emphasized by
black marks. There is a more or less obvious series of blackish terminal
lunules. The s.t. space is usually the darkest part of the wing ; but the shad-

150 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- -'^i-'^-

I

ing may be continuous and contrasting, or it may be more or less broken and
inconspicuous. Reniform moderate in size, black powdered, rarely contrast-
ing, more or less obvious);^ kidney-shaped. Secondaries whitish, tinged with
smoky, yellowish or reddish as the ground may be, outwardly darker and
tending to form an extra-median or sub-marginal transverse line : discal spot
usually indicated, never obvious. Beneath reddish to yellowish with the
maculation of upper surface more or less obviously indicated, discal dots
usually obvious.

Expands, .84-1.00 inches = 21-25 nim.

Habitat. — San Diego, California, V, 2, M, 9, MI, 31, Mil, i,
IX, 29: Plumas Co., Calif., Y, i; Pasadena, Calif., M, 20: "Cali-
fornia," III, 21.

Ten males, 14 females, most of them good specimens, and all the
San Diego examples from Mr. George H. Field. The species is a
variable one as appears from the description, and two broods appear
to be represented. The early specimens are usually larger, and better,
more contrastingly marked : the latter examples are smaller and more
even — having indeed a somewhat washed-out appearance. I was at
first inclined to suspect two species, appearing at different dates; but
some of each series agree perfectly with examples of the other.

This species has the appearance and habitus of finitima, with the
maculation of scciiudalis, especially in the course of the s.t. line;
but I believe it to be perfectly distinct from each.

In the Pomona College Journal of Entomology, \"ol. II, p. 375,
Dr. Harrison G. Dyar describes Plcoucctyptcra cumulaUs and writes
in comment: "This appears to be the species misidentified by Smitli
as P. finitima Smith (Trans. Am. Ent., XXXIII, 377, 1907) which
therefore requires a new name. The types of finitii)ia are identical
with tonalis Smith of the paper cited, the name fijiifinia having
precedence."

Dr. Dyar's description certainly fits the finitima of my paper
and my description in that paper fits the specimens under that name
in my collection. I am therefore agreed that cumulalis Dyar, is the
same as finitima Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1907 and also of the
original description.

The original description was based on four examples received
among others from Dr. Riley, for a paper to be published in Insect
Life. Each of these specimens was labelled "type" in accordance
with the general practice of the time. Two of them were retained bv

Sept., igii.i Smith: New Species of Noctuid^. 151

myself and are now before me: two others were returned to the
Museum. All of the examples were from the Koebele material and, I
believe, specifically identical. My own examples, therefore, are as
much " type " as those at Washington, they formed the basis of both
the original description and that of the revision, and the charge that
I " misidentified " the species, is therefore absurd.

Plconcctyptcra tenalis (not fonalis) was originally described from
six examples, all from yXrizona desert areas, and three of these, in-
cluding the male and female types are now before me. Now the types
of teiialis and finitima are so utterly unlike that not the merest tyro
would be inclined to associate them, and if the specimens in the U. S.
National Museum labelled as finifinia type are really tenalis as Dr.
Dyar says, it simply means that there has been a tampering with
labels by somebody — a fact that I have been inclined to suspect be-
fore as to other species. It is not a matter of two closely allied
species, as finitima and scrcna may perhaps be said to be; but of
forms so utterly different in size, in color, in maculation and even
in wing form, that mere error of association is excluded.

NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

By Wm. Barnes, M.D., and J. McDunnough, Ph.D.,
Decatur, III.

Family LITHOSIAN^.

Agylla septentrionalis, new species.

Palpi, front, antennae and tegulae bright orange; patagia and thorax white:
abdomen dorsally gray, ventrally orange ; legs orange, tarsi and half of tibia;
of first two pairs gray ; primaries silvery white, costal edge blackish at base :
secondaries slightly tinged with fuscous. Beneath, primaries smoky ; costal
edge tinged with orange in central portion ; secondaries white, slightly fus-
cous along costa.

Expanse 38 mm.

Habitat. — Chiricahua Mts., Ariz. l ?. Type Coll. Barnes.
This is the first Agylla species recorded from the United States.
According to Hampson (Cat. Lep. Het., II) it appears to be closest

J52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [\'<>1- xix.

to nivca Wlk. but differs in having the whole head and tegute orange.
We cannot however place it exactly as we have not yet seen a speci-
men of the male sex.

Family XOCTUID^.
Grotella olivacea, new species.

Light olive brown ; primaries crossed by t.a. and t.p. lines of darker
brown, often indistinct ; former straight below costa, with strong outward
curve below the cell : t.p. line slightly outcurved and dentate beyond cell.
thence with single incurve to inner margin ; small white dot at end of cell and
traces of a dark subterminal shade ; secondaries lighter than primaries, im-
maculate. Beneath as above without markings.

Expanse 19 mm.

Habitat. — Deming, N. M. (Sept. 1-7), Tucson, Ariz. (July 24-
31). 2 c?, 5 $. Types Coll. Barnes.

Agrees exactly in structure with the genus Grotella. but is very
dissimilar in general appearance, resembling somewhat a small
Narthccophora pnlvcrca.
Lygranthoecia carolinensis, new species.

Front and tegulae dark olivaceous : thorax and abdomen light ochreous ;
primaries very glossy, light ochreous ; secondaries largely smoky brown,
ochreous towards base with large discal spot, fringes light. Beneath deep
smoky-brown with light fringes ; secondaries more or less ochreous with
prominent discal spot.

Expanse 24 mm.

//rt6//a/.— Southern Pines. N. C. (Aug. 1-7). i c?, 2 $ ?. Types
Coll. Barnes.

Related closely to biiiiatris Harvey, with which it agrees in struc-
ture, fore tibiae possessing 2 claws and a spine en inner side and 3
claws on outer. It is however a smaller insect and the primaries arc
not silvery white but glossy ochreous.

Chlorocleptria imperialis, new species.

Male. — Thorax and primaries light olive-brown, terminal area slightly
darker than remainder of wing; maculation obsolete, t.p. line and reniform
can, on careful observation, be just distinguished as slightly darker shades :
secondaries smoky-brown with light fringes.

Female. — Primaries largely suiTused with pale pinkish, terminal area olive,
slightly lighter than in male ; secondaries as in male.

Beneath in both sexes ochreous with central area of primaries suffused
with smoky-brown and with large discal dot. In female some pink shading
along costa of both wings.

Expanse 26 mm.

Sept., igii.] Barnes-McDunnough : New Lepidoptera. 153

Habitat. — Imperial Valley, Calif. (March 3). i c^, i $. Types
Coll. Barnes.

The species is closely related to simplex Sm. from Colorado, is
however slighter in build and the color of primaries is considerably
deeper, lacking the greenish tinge of simplex. We have seen no
female specimens of this latter species with pink suffusion.

PROCHLORIDEA, new genus. (Type P. modcsta sp. nov.)

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned to slightly beyond front ; front
with rounded protuberance, without infra-clypeal plate; eyes naked, rounded;
mid-tibiae spined ; hind tibiae unspined ; fore tibiae with a slender apical spur
on outer side and 3 or 4 spines considerably above it, a similar spur on inner
side with a minute spine just behind ; head and thorax clothed with hair and
scales ; venation as in Schinia.

This genus seems best associated with Chloridea and Oxylos,
according to Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., Vol. IV) ; we have been
unable to find in the tables of genera any with unspined hind-tibiae,
a feature which is certainly shown by the specimens before us. In
this respect Prochloridca approaches Grotella, which is supposed to
bear a single spine on hind tibi?e between the spurs ; we have how-
ever noted specimens with entirely unarmed hind-tibise. In general
appearance modcsta resembles a Homohadcna. but the spined mid-
tibise and peculiar structure of the fore-tibix preclude this associa-
tion.

Prochloridca modesta, new species.

Female. — Front ochreous ; head and thorax clothed with brown scales and
hairs, intermingled with white : abdomen gray, smoothly scaled ; primaries
brown, irrorate slightly with darker in and beyond the cell and on inner
margin ; all maculation very indistinct ; a slight basal streak extending below
cubitus half way to origin of vein Cuo ; t.a. line absent or represented by a few
indistinct dentate marks above inner margin ; orbicular absent : reniform
represented by a slight white mark ; t.p. line very obscure, dentate, only
traceable by some whitish shading immediately following it ; terminal space
somewhat lighter with several obscure dark dashes, most prominent opposite
reniform ; fringes light brown checkered with darker. Secondaries white,
with slight smoky traces along outer margin ; veins more or less defined in
brown. Beneath white, irrorate with brown scales along costa and outer
margin.

Expanse ^.,2 mm.

Habitat.— Ft. Wingate, N. M. 4 ? $. Types Coll. Barnes.
A very obscurely marked species in which the most noticeable
feature is the white dot in the position of the reniform.

154 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. n'°^- ^i^-

Protagrotis obscura, new species.

Head, thorax, abdomen and wings concolorous, varying from pale ochre-
ous to bght reddish-brown : markings sometimes entirely wanting, always very
indistinct ; in darker specimens traces of a reddish basal dash and scaling at
base of inner margin, usually however lacking entirely ; t.a. line not traceable ;
orbicular when present oval, oblique, whitish ; reniform obscure, whitish, with
slight darkish central scaling ; t.p. line an indistinct light line on darker
background, well outcurved around reniform, thence incurved to inner margin ;
submarginal line occasionally present as an irregular whitish line preceding
a somewhat darker terminal area : in most cases terminal and subterminal
areas are unicolorous and the line is lacking ; terminal row of dark lunular
marks at base of ochreous fringes usually present, occasionally wanting;
secondaries light buff, more or less obscured with smoky. Beneath light
ochre, with or without darker postmedial line on both wings : secondaries
often with discal dot.

Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat. — Reno, Nevada. 10 c^c?, 4 $$. Type Coll. Barnes.

This species has two small spines on hind tibiae between the two
pairs of spurs, which in connection with the hairy thorax would place
it in Hampson's genus Protagrotis. It seems to bear a considerable
resemblance to viralis Grt. from Nebraska, but the markings are not
nearly so prominent as in the figure of this species given by Hamp-
son (Cat. Lep. Phal., I\'. 656). In general appearance it most closely
approaches Agropcrina indela Sm. ; no two of the specimens before
us are exactly similar, but all seem to belong to one variable species :
we have taken as type a specimen about midway between the two
extremes of color and markings. The general light tawny color
should serve to recognize the species.
Polia (Mamestra) basivirida, new species.

Palpi scaled outwardly with black mingled with white ; front and inside
of palpi creamy ; tuft of dark hairs between antenn;e with central light patch ;
collar dark, edged with light greenish ; thorax and patagia largely light green,
with slight intermixture of black; abdomen dark gray with anal tuft tinged
with yellow laterally and ventrally ; primaries dark purplish, basal portion to
t.a. line bright green crossed by a geminate black subbasal line and with slight
black shade on anal vein ; t.a. line black, indistinctly geminate, the inner line
tending to become obsolete ; traces of white scaling between the lines, espe-
cially on veins and costa : the line itself outwardly inclined, angled just below
costa, thence sinuate to anal vein from whence it curves strongly outwards
to middle of inner margin: orbicular round, green, with black center; reni-
form large, similar in color, with black central lunule, preceded on costa by
small greenish patch ; t.p. line black, slightly dentate, well rounded about

1 ^5

sep,..„...l Baknes-McDunnough:NewL.pidoptera.

along costa.

Expanse 27 mm

^ \ ■ T ^ Tvne Coll. Barnes.

different from any descnbed species of Poha the y
place it along with secedens Wlk. in a group by itself.
Polia (Mamestra) hanhami, new species. .^ ^_^^^^

Palpi largely black outwardly, ochreous ---f^;^^'^;'^;;^ blackish ; collar
sexes; front, collar, and thorax ^f ^^ ^^^^^^^ "^^.trtore or less wUh
crossed by black line ; -^"^^^^ -^^^J^J, f ff^se black geminate sub-
Uackish; maculation "^ --^^f^^^^ f ^ le inclined slightly outwards,
basal line; an ind.stmct dark S— ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^Hned in black, often

gently outcnrved between .e ...n o. .^^.r r^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^

with lower portion filled with biacK perpendicular to costa,

black; between orbicular and reni orm ^ //f J^ ,.^ ^1, , large, promi-
extend. to a point just below ren.form, f orm ng a th P ^^^^.^^^ ^^

nent. round, dark patch, at times ^^;f ^^ jf ^f .'^ f .^^..ent traces of white
inner margin; before the dark patch -;" ° ^^^ ^ ^, ,„,es quite promi-
on cubital vein, and beyond same some ^^J^^ ^^f ^ ,,„if,,„, thence

nent; t.p. line indistinct, -"^^^'/f ^. "^^^-d t.p. line a row of black
proceeding very close to ^^^^^^^'^Z, thenL almost straight to
dots on the veins; s.t. line an.lea • terminal line of

rr,::^^:^ -^? -:— r-r -^^ - --^

terminal broken line : primaries at apex sunt

Expanse 30 nim. ■ ^ r- u

T. P> C 14 c^c?, 21 $2. Type Coll.
Habifaf.-Duncans, A anc. Is., B. U. 14 o ,

Barnes; i Cotype. Nat. Mus. ^^

This species has heen apparently cveriooUd '" ^J;^ ^^

,eas. tod no description that w- ; >; ^/J:, „„„i„ent

156 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoL xix.

at times very prominent, it may become quite obsolete. The dark
sprmklmg on the primaries may increase, especially in the female
sex, until but little of the ground color remains: in such cases the
maculat,on is much less distinct. It seems most nearly related to
mpana Sm. and montana Sm. but is considerably larger and broader-
wmged than either of these species.
Monima caloramica, new species.

nurnHlh"'"'? '"^ T""" '" ™'''^ '^^^ red-brown, shaded occasionaly with
purphsh, in female deep purplish, at times rather suffused with reddish All
markings obsolescent: orbicular and reniform are just distinguishable,
former as a dark dot, latter as a broad lunular shade: traces of a geminate
row of dots across wing in subterminal space. Secondaries suffused with
rosy. Beneath largely rosy with small discal dot on secondaries.
Expanse ,34.5 mm.

Habit at. —R^dmgton. Ariz.. Palmerlee. Ariz. 5 c^c^, 9 $5. Types
Coll. Barnes, Cotypes Nat. Mus.

Very close to mys Dyar. Dr. Dyar has however kindly com-
pared our specmiens ^yith his type and considers them distinct. In
mys all markings are lacking: in our .species the orbicular and
reniform are recognizable, especially in the female sex. The an-
tenn.x of the male are shortly bipectinate, of female slightly ciliate.
Monima hepatica, new species.

Palpi rosy: head purplish; teguL-e reddish-purple; thorax and patagia
purp e-gray: antenna in male very strongly pectinate except at tip. Primaries
purple-gray somewhat suffused with reddish. AH maculation indistinct- ta
hne single otitwardly inclined, broken by veins: t.p. line gently incurved below
reniform, followed by parallel row of dots on the veins: orbicular a smalf
dark spot: reniform an obscure shade: terminal area slightly darker than
remainder of wing: costal edge rosy; fringes dusky with pale' outer border
and dark transverse line in outer third. Secondaries smoky, with rosy tinge
to fringes. Beneath, primaries, smoky, with postmedian line and discal dot
costa slightly rosy; secondaries pale, sprinkled with rosy and with dark discal
dot. Dark line on fringes of primaries more distinct than on upper side.

Expanse ,-54 mm

i;fa^,;/a/._Redington. Ariz, i c?. Type Coll. Barnes.

Very closely resembles in coloration the female of the preceding
species: the strongly pectinate antenna? and the lack of rosy suffu"^
sion on upper side of secondaries easily serve to separate it. It is
also very similar to transparcus Grt. of ^yhich we have only seen the
female specimens. If it were not for the fact that Hampson records

Sept., I9II.] Barnes-]\IcDunnough : Xew Lepidoptera. 157

the male antennne of this latter species as " serrate and fasciculate "
we would be inclined to consider it to be this species; hcpatica how-
ever has strongly bipectinate antennae to near tip, stronger than in
flaz'iaiiiiiila Sm. As to whether there is a tuft on first abdominal
segment or not we are unable to determine as the body is compressed ;
Hampson separates the two genera Pcrigrapha and Monima on this
point; as far as our own personal experience goes it is a most un-
satisfactory method of separation, only capable of being used with
accuracy in absolutely fresh specimens, which, in Western material,
are usually few and far between.

Monima agravens, new species.

Female. — Eyes large, hairy; palpi and front reddish brown with mingled
black hairs ; antennae serrate and fasciculate ; thorax and primaries red-brown,
suffused slightly with purplish, immaculate except for orbicular and reniform ;
former a dark spot, latter a dark shade, constricted in middle and filled with
blackish scaling in lower portion ; secondaries suffused with pink. Beneath
pale pinkish with pink discal dots on both wings.

Expanse 33.5 mm.

Habitat. — Prescott, Ariz, i 9. Type Coll. Barnes.

The species is so close to caloramica that one would fail to sepa-
rate the two on mere color and maculation. The eyes however are
much larger in agravens, and the antennae are distinctly different in
the two species, in caloramica being very finely ciliate, almost smooth,
whilst in agraz'cns they are plainly serrate and fasciculate. The
primaries are also slightly more rounded at the apex in agraz'cns
than in the allied species. Such morphological differences warrant,
in our opinion, the supposition that the two forms are distinct.

Homohadena rustica, new species.

Palpi and teguls reddish brown, latter crossed basally and centrally by
black bands and tipped with ochreous : front and thorax deep purplish brown ;
abdomen light gray : primaries reddish-brown, largely suffused with deep
purplish brown ; all maculation indistinct ; t.p. line traceable as a pale curved
line dotted with black on the veins ; orbicular and reniform partially and
obscurely outlined in blackish, or else entirely lacking ; fringes smoky, with
pale basal line followed by a darker one. Secondaries hyaline white, very
slightly bordered with smoky-brown, which tends to follow course of veins
backward from outer margin. Beneath white, hyaline on secondaries, sprinkled
with brown on costa and outer margin, more so on primaries than secondaries ;
traces of a dark median line crossing both wings arising from a dark spot on
costa of primaries ; black, broken, terminal line, not reaching anal angle on
secondaries ; fringes as above.

Expanse 31 mm.

158 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, ["^'o'- ^i^-

Habitat. — Babaquivera Mts.. Ariz. 3d'd', i$. Types Coll. Barnes.

We have placed this species under Homohadcna as it appears to
show as much trace of eyelashes as is usually present in this genus
and in general appearance would fit in fairly well along with incomi-
fata Harv. From this species it is easily separated by the lighter
colored primaries and hyaline secondaries.
Euplexia brillians, new species.

Head, thorax and patagia purplish hrown mixed with light lirovvn.
Abdomen gray, with a prominent tuft of purplish scales on dorsum of third
segment ; primaries in basal and subterminal portion pale yellow shaded with
purplish, the median area being a dark bronze-green ; subbasal line irregular,
black, extending to anal vein : beyond it in the cell two slight black marks :
below cubitus a black streak, shaded underneath with dark brown, merging
into iiurple towards inner margin : small dark brown patch on inner margin
near base : t.a. line evenly curved outwards, indistinct on costa, black, pre-
ceded by a narrow band of purplish shading ; orbicular large, oval, oblique,
open towards costa, outlined in black, filled with purple with some yellow
tinges in costal portion ; claviform, small, slightly outlined in black ; reniform
large, creamy, open towards costa, not outlined, but with some central dark
shading, most prominent in costal portion ; a dark shade, slightly darker than
the ground color, extends from reniform to inner margin, t.p. line indistinct
at costa, perpendicular to costa as far as vein 5, thence proceeding, at almost
right angles, to vein 3 whence it is gently incurved to inner margin at about
two-thirds from base ; costa from t.p. line to apex shaded with dark : below
this the whole subterminal space is light yellow, shaded inwardly with rosy,
and forming a large semitriangular patch, extending as far as the angle of the
t.p. line; from this point a dark olive shade extends to inner margin, leaving
a large rosy yellow patch above the inner margin next the t.p. line, which is
connected with the apical patch by a series of three pale yellow spots ; sub-
terminal line very close to margin, incurved opposite cell, with fairly distinct
\\' mark, dark in the costal half, pale in the lower portion ; terminal space
shaded with dark blue ; fringes dark, bordered basally with orange-yellow ;
secondaries suffused with smoky-brown, with traces of a post-medial line
angled at the cubital branches : fringes pale ochreous.

Beneath primaries smoky, with pale yellow patch at end of cell, a sub-
apical orange shade, bordered outwardly with yellow, and a dark blue terminal
border ; inner margin pale ochreous ; secondaries ochreous, sprinkled along
costa and apical portions of outer margin with dark purplish : with discal dot
and indistinct postal-medial line.
Expanse 32 mm.

Habitat. — Redington, Ariz, i ?. Type Coll. Barnes.

This beautiful species has the same general appearance as hicipara,
it is however nuicli more brilliantly colored, and can easily be dis-
tinguished by the large pale subapical patch.

Sept., igii.] Barnes-McDunnougii : New Lepidoptera. 159

Nocloa contrasta B. & McD.

Ferigca contrasta B. & McD., 1910. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 154.

A Study of further specimens of this species convinces us that it
was wrongly placed under Pcrlgca when described. The front shows
a small cup-shaped protuberance with central tubercle; this is en-
tirely hidden by the squammation, and was thus overlooked by us in
the single female before us at the time of description. It is closely
related to Nocloa dissimilis B. & McD., both of these species having
the frontal prominence much reduced and less prominent than in the
other Nocloa species. \\'e hesitate however to separate them on such
grounds.

NEPTUNIA, new genus. (Type pulchra B. & McD.)

Palpi upturned, third joint semiporrect ; fore tibiae unarmed. Irons with
prominent triloljate process with central lobe longer and broader than lateral
ones, corneous plate below it, squammation appressed, scaly ; abdomen without
crests. Primaries with R, from cell, R2 from areole, R- and R4 stalked from
apex of areole, R5 from lower angle of same, M, from above center of disco-
cellular. Mo, M3 and Cui from around lower angle of cell. Cu2 well removed ;
areole narrow. Secondaries with S.C. from cell l^efore middle ; R and Mj
from upper angle of cell. Mo obsolescent from just below middle of discocel-
lular, M, and Cui stalked from lower angle of cell.

When describing pulchra (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 158)
we placed it doubtfully in the genus A::cnia on account of the trilo-
l)ate frontal process and obsolescent vein M„ of secondaries, at the
same time expressing the opinion that it possibly should come in what
we erroneously termed the subfamily Acontiinse of Hampson in place
of Erastrianje. The receipt of Vol. X of Hampson's Cat. Lep. Het.
Brit. Mus., dealing with this subfamily, confirms us in our opinion
and at the same time makes it necessary to create a new genus for
the reception of pulchra. It is closely related to Toniacoiifia Sm.
but the strongly trilobate frontal process in contradistinction to the
shovel-shaped process of this latter genus will easily distingiuish it.

Phiprosopus pallens, new species.

Palpi pale yellow : head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ; primaries pale
ochreous, shading into darker towards outer margin, two very faint brown
points in cell, arranged parallel to costa ; a pale line extending obliquely from
apex to inner margin bordered inwardly slightly with brown : secondaries and
underside of both wings pale ochreous, immaculate.

Expanse 35 mm.

Habitat. — Babaquivera JNIts., Ariz, i J. Type Coll. Barnes.

160 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xix.

Epizeuxis parvulalis, nev/ species.

Thorax and primaries pale smoky, latter shiny, crossed by two pale in-
distinct dentate bands, one near base of wing, the other through center ;
secondaries whitish, immaculate. Beneath whitish shaded with fuscous
towards apex of primaries.

Expanse i8 mm.

Habitat. — Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz, i d". Type Coll. Rarncs.
Belongs in the lubricalis group, but can rcadilv be separated by its
small size.

Family GEOMETRID^.

Hydriomene mediodentata, new species.

Female. — Primaries dark steel gray with no traces of maculation : a
distinct scale-tooth about center of inner margin. Secondaries white, rather
hyaline, slightly smoky outwardly, apex color of primaries. Beneath glossy
white, primaries shaded with fuscous.

Expanse 26 mm.

Habitat. — Palmerlee, Ariz, i 2. Type Coll. Barnes.

Mr. Grossbeck, who has seen the specimen, pronounces it to be
new. The prominent tooth on inner margin of primaries would easily
distinguish it from other members of the genus; the venation appears
to be typically Hydriomenid.

Family XOTODONTID.^i.

URSIA, new genus. (Type noctuifonnis sp. no\ . )
Palpi minute, proboscis lacking ; head with prominent crest above eyes ;
thorax slightly crested ; antennae in male with long pectinations, except at
extreme tip which is naked ; mid and hind tibiae with single pair of apical
spurs ; primaries narrow, elongate, costal margin straight, outer margin
slightly convex ; vein Rj from about center of cell ; R2-R5 stalked from apex
of small areola, Ro from before R-, R3 and R, on long stalk, latter to apex of
wing: R5 to well below apex; M, from areole just below origin of radial
branches ; Al, from center of discocellular, extending very faintly for a short
distance into cell ; M3 and Cuj separate from around lower angle of cell : Cuo
.opposite Rj. Secondaries elongate, with frenulum, vein S-C approaching cell
towards its center, but well separated at base ; R and M, stalked from upper
angle of cell ; M, very faint but developed outwardly ; M.-, and Cu, separate
from around lower angle of cell, Cu, from beyond center of cell.

U. noctuiformis, new species.

Head and thorax gray, composed of mixed brown and white hair-like
scales, vestiture rough ; primaries strigate in appearance, dark gray, shaded
with whitish ; beyond the cell, extending from vein M3 to below Cuo is a

Sept., I9II.] Barnes-McDunnough : New Lepidoptera. 161

prominent white transverse line, very slightly angled inwardly on Cuo and
continued to inner margin by a faint dark strongly incurved shade ; from the
upper end of this line a darkish shade extends to apex of wing, containing
several black dashes on veins ; terminal area beyond white transverse line
and below apical dark shade considerably lighter than remainder of wing,
with indistinct white dashes between the veins; traces of a brown outcurved
line across cell and a small dark discal dash, fringes slightly checkered.
Secondaries smoky, lighter towards inner margin. Beneath dark smoky, with
traces of white margin along apical portion of costa and outer margin of
primaries ; secondaries lighter basally.
Expanse 25 mm.

Habitat. — Yavapai Co., Ariz. (May 21-31). 4 d'c?. Types Coll.
Barnes.

We have created a new genus for this species as we have been
unable to find any in Schaus' Revision of Am. Notodontidse which at
all correspond ; the use of the key would leave us a choice between

Fig. I. Venation of Ursia noctuifonuis sp. nov.

Antiora and Anurocampa. neither of which however agrees in vena-
tion with our species. Mr. Grossbeck, who has seen the species, was
at first of the impression it belonged in the Geonietridse, but on a
careful study of the venation informs us that it should probably come
in the Notodontida.\

Family PYRALID^.
Subfamily Pyraustin^.
Lipocosma albibasalis, new species.

Palpi and head scaled with brownish ; thorax and abdomen white, latter
with brown dorsal scaling : primaries, basal half pure white with a minute
brown dot on costa near base and a few dark scales on inner margin ;
remainder of wing brown, shaded in terminal area with white ; line of demar-

162 Journal New York Entomological Society, ["^'oi. xix.

cation between two colors very sharp, almost perpendicular, irregularly den-
tate, inclined somewhat inwardly at inner margin, beyond the cell a prominent
round blue-black scale patch, with several minute black dots below it ; a suVj-
marginal black line, well outcurved from costa around scale patch, in lower
portion irregularly dentate, shaded slightly inwardly with whitish in costal half;
a liroken black terminal line preceded by more or less distinct white patches ;
fringes brown. Hind wings white, with two patches of raised brown and
blue-black scales near to and parallel with inner margin : a brown suffusion
more or less surrounds the patches and from a point between the two a black
wavy line is traceable to inner margin but does not extend to costa ; inner
margin scaled with brown near anal angle : black terminal line in central
portion of outer margin : fringes white shaded with brown, esjiecially towards
anal angle.

Beneath whitish with the markings of upper side more or less distinctly
repeated ; median and terminal dark lines of secondaries extending to costa,
often interrupted.

Expanse 1 3 mm.

Habitat. — San Diego, Calif. 21 specimens. Type Coll. Barnes.

Subfamily Epipasciiiin;e.

Tallula fieldi, new species.

Palpi and head brown; thorax white with blackish scaling; primaries
white ; a small basal patch of brown and black scales : a broad brown band
across middle portion of wing bordered outwardly by a fine white sinuate
line ; anterior margin of band rather dentate, defined by some black scaling ;
costal portion of band scaled with black : dark spot on costa beyond white
line ; a subterminal white line slightly outcurved opposite cell, bordered in-
wardly narrowly with black at costa, the l)order rapidly increasing in width,
so that the whole lower half of area between the two white lines is blue-
black scaled with brown, leaving only the costal half white ; a large apical
brown-black spot ; a broken terminal dark line ; fringes white.

Secondaries dusky, darker towards apex.

Beneath smoky-brown with white fringes : secondaries lighter tow-ards
inner margin ; primaries with white spot on costa near apex.

Expanse male 18 mm., female 20 mm.

Habitat. ~^m\ Diego, Calif. (G. H. Field). 6 c? c^. 3 ? ?. Types
Coll. Barnes.

The species, which is closely related to atrifa.';cialis }-llst.. may he
distinguished by the broad extent of the median dark shading. In
atrifasciali.'^- the whole of the median area ])racticallv is white, whilst
in fieldi the white is confined to an irregularly shai)ed costal patch.
W'e take pleasure in naming this species after the collector Mr. (',.
H. Field.

Sept., 191 1.] Wheeler: Notes on Beetles of Genus Xenodusa. 163

NOTES ON THE MYRMECOPHILOUS BEETLES OF

THE GENUS XENODUSA, WITH A DESCRIPTION

OF THE LARVA OF X. CAVA LECONTE.'

By William Morton Wheeler,
Boston, Mass.

Our knowledge of the singular beetles of the North American
genus Xenodusa. in contrast with that of the European species of
the closely allied genera LoJiiccJuisa and Atcinclcs, increases very
slowly. This is unquestionably due to the much greater scarcity and
more local distribution of the species of Xenodusa. In a paper pub-
lished in 1907' I reviewed the scattered observations of other authors
on these beetles and added a few of my own. After four years I am
able to make a further slight contribution in the form of a descrip-
tion of the larva of X. caz'a, together with a few notes on the hosts
of this and of some of the western species.

Wasmann has shown that Loniechusa struniosa is homoecious, or
has only one host, the typical form of Formica sanguinca, with which
it lives throughout the year, whereas the species of Atemelcs and
Xenodusa are heteroecious, since they breed during the summer in
the nests of Formica but hibernate with ants of a different genus.
The winter host in the case of Atemelcs is Myrmica rubra or some
one of the closely allied species (scabrinodis, lez'inodis, rugulosa, etc.)
which were formerly regarded as mere subspecies. Xenodusa, how-
ever, winters in the nests of Camponotus species. The definitive and
almost certainly the primitive host is, therefore, in both genera,
Formica, while the winter host is a later or secondary acquisition.
The genus Lomechusa probably represents a very primitive condition
so far as its relation to a single host is concerned, though in other
respects it certainly represents a more advanced stage of parasitism
or of dependence on its host.

' Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institu-
tion of Harvard University, No. 41.

-The Polymorphism of Ants, with an Account of Some Singular Abnor-
malities Due to Parasitism. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXiHI, 1907, pp.
1-93, pis. I-IV.

164 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

I have been unable as yet to find X. caz'a, during its breeding
season, with any ant except Formica schaiifiissi var. inccrfa. but
McCook' claims to have taken it with F. cxscctoidcs in Pennsylvania,
and Muckermann* believes that it occurs with F. sanguinca subsp.
riibiciiiiihi in Wisconsin, because in the nests of this ant he found
pseudogynes comparable to those described by Wasmann from nests
of the typical F. sauyniuca infested with Lomcchusa strumosa.

Concerning six larvs of X. caz'a which I found July i. 1905, in
a nest of F. iuccrta at Colebrook, Conn., I published the following
note in my former paper: "They were clinging to the lower surface
of the stone covering the nest. I transferred them to an artificial nest
together with as many of the ants as I could capture. The larvae
associated themselves with the brood which the ants had collected
in the cavities of the damp sponge in the dark chamber of the nest.
They walked about but little and very clumsily as their legs seemed
to be incapable of much movement at the strongly flexed articula-
tion between the femora and tibiae. They were frequently seen in the
act of begging the ants and one another for food. At such times they
raised their fore feet and stroked the head of the ant or fellow larva.
.'\lthough the ants usually responded very willingly to this solicita-
tion, the liquid food thus received seemed to be insufficient, for one
morning I saw one of the Xcnodiisa larv^-e seize and devour an ant
larva about 3 mm. in length. On July 7 two of the Xcnodiisa larvx
had disappeared (eaten by the ants?) and the remaining four had
become somewhat inactive after having grown appreciably during
their week's confinement in the artificial nest. Fearing that the ants
might devour the remaining parasites, and concluding from their size
that they must be nearly ready to pupate. I removed them from the
nest and embedded them in some earth. This proved to be disastrous
as T had not taken the precaution to sterilize the earth which must
have contained some ])redaceous insect. At any rate. 1 could find no
traces of the larv;e when I carefully examined the earth several
days later."

Diligent search for Xcnodiisa larva? since these remarks were
written, was fruitless till June 13, 1910, when I found a single speci-

^ Alound-making Ants of the .-Mleghenies. their Architecture and Habits.
Trans. .\mer. Ent. Soc, VI, 1877, pp. 253-296, pis. I-VI

^ Formica sanguinea subsp. rubicunda Em. and Xenodusa cava Lee. Ent.
News, Dec, 1904, pp. 339-341, pi. XX.

Sept., I9I1-] Wheeler : Notes ON Beetles OF Genus Xenodusa. 165

men clinging to the lower surface of a stone covering a F. inccrta
nest at Forest Hills, Mass. This specimen, which is represented in
the accompanying figure, measures nearly 6 mm. in length and is
probably about one-half or two-thirds grown. Its milk-white body
is broad and flat in the middle but narrowed at the anterior and pos-
terior ends which are turned up. Eyes are absent. The antennae
and legs are well-developed, the last abdominal segment slender and

Fig. I. Larva of Xenodusa cava Lee.

of a peculiar shape. The vertex of the head is deeply and triangu-
larlv impressed in the middle. There are a few delicate, scattered
hairs on the legs, antenns, head, pronotum, venter and termuial
abdominal segments; on the remaining portions of the body the hairs
are very short, sparse and inconspicuous.

Comparison of this larva with that of Lomechusa strumosa which
has been described by Wasmann^ and which I have taken in numbers
in F. sanguinea nests in the Alps, shows many striking differences.
The Lomechusa larva is more slender and cylindrical, its antenna
are reduced to mere papilte, its legs are very short and feeble, its
terminal abdominal segments are conical and the whole body is m-

= Vergleichende Studien iiber Ameisen- und Termitengaste. Tijdschr. v.
Ent., XXXIII, 1890. pp. 27-96. I pl.

166 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, l-^■ol. xix.

vested with rather dense, short liairs. The impression of the vertex is
shallow."

I have not seen the larva of Atcmclcs, but that of A. paradoxus
from nests of F. ntfibarbis was long ago described and figured by
Wasmann." His figures show that this larva, though it has some-
what longer legs and antenn;e than the Lomcchusa larva, neverthe-
less resembles it much more closely than it does the larva of Xcno-
diisa. Wasmann states that the LomccJiusa ]arv;e are 'still more
passive in their behavior and almost never use their legs, and there-
fore plav the role of ant-larva" more perfectly than do the larvre
of Atemclcs." That the Atcmclcs larvae walk about rather easily is
evident also from some remarks in a paper l)y Schmitz.*' This author
and more recently Wasmann" have shown that Atemcles larva; when
ready to pupate, do not have to be buried by the ants, like the very
passive Lomcchusa larvae, but are able to crawl into the soil and
pupate of their own free will. There can be little doubt that this is
also true of the Xcnodusa larva, for its very high structural organiza-
tion, together with the few notes on its behavior quoted above, show
that it must lead a much more independent life in the colonies of its
host than do the larvae of either of the European genera. This inde-
pendence and the much less perfect resemblance to the ant-larva may,
perhaps, explain why the species is so scarce and sporadic. In other
words. F. inccrta, though a very cowardly ant and the regular host
of such synoeketes as Microdon fristis, Coscinoptcra dominicana and
Crcmastochcilus castanccc, and such social parasites as Polycrgus
lucidus. Formica consociaus. F. sanguinca subsp. subinfcgra and
rubicuuda. is prol)ably not easily deceived into rearing and cherish-
ing the parasitic beetle larvae which so ruthlessly devour its brood.
That this ant may be occasionally deceived is, however, proved by
the abundant occurrence of pseudogynes in certain colonies, a- 1
have shown in my paper on the polymorphism of ants.

" I have given a figure of this peculiar larva in my book : " Ants, their
Structure, Development and Behavior," 1910, p. 4«i-

' Beitrage zur Lebensweise der Gattungen Atemeles und Lomcchusa.
Tijdschr. v. Ent., XXXI, 1888. pp. 245-328.

* Die Ursachen der Doppelwirtigkeit bei .Atemeles. Deutsch. Ent. Xat.
Biblioth., I, Xos. i and 2, 191 o, pp. 6-7, 1.3. 14.

" Zur Doppelwirtigkeit der Atemeles. Deutsch. Ent. Xat. Biblioth., I,
X'os. 7 and 8, 1910, pp. 55, 56; 62-64.

Sept., 1911.] Wheeler: Notes on Beetles of Genus Xenodusa. 167

According to Wasmann'" " the species of Xenodusa, in the shape
of the labium, are intermediate between Atcmclcs and Lomcchiisa.
In other respects also the nearctic genus Xenodusa coimccts, so to
speak, the two old world genera, in so far namely, as some of the
species (especially X. caseyi) resemble Atenieles in thoracic struc-
ture, while others (X. sharpi) are more like Lomeehusa." He adds,
however, that notwithstanding these intermediate characters, " we
are unable to regard Xenodusa as a connecting link between Atenieles
and Lomeehusa, since the much elongated shape of the antennae and
legs indicates a peculiar direction of development, which is not observ-
able in the two old world genera and is probably to be interpreted
as an adaptation to the relatively very large hosts of Xenodusa (Cani-
ponotus, Formica)." The larval characters above described certainlv
seem to confirm Wasmann's view of the peculiar and independent
developmental trend of the genus Xenodusa. and the long legs and
antennae of the adult beetle are. indeed, in all probability, an adapta-
tion to its hosts, since these organs are verv long in the Camponoti
with which it passes the winter and in F. incerta. which, like the
other forms of the paUide-fuli'a group, has much more slender legs
and antennae than anv of our other Formiecr. The great length of the
appendages in the larva must be directly correlated with their un-
usual length in the imaginal beetles.

The recorded winter hosts of A', eaz'a are C. hereuleauus subsp.
pennsylvanicus and C. ligiiiperda var. no-c'cboraeensis. To these must
be added C. penusylz'aiiiciis var. ferrugiiieus. as Dr. A. Fenyes has
shown me one specimen of the beetle taken in a nest of this ant at
Bloomington, Indiana. Still another host has been recently dis-
covered by Messrs. W. Reiff and E. H. Strickland, April 19, 191 1.
These young men found a couple of the beetles in two colonies of
C. castaneus subsp. americanus at Norwood, Mass. This being a
ground-inhabiting Caniponotus, would seem to be a more natural
winter host than the various wood-inhabiting forms of C. hereuleauus
with which it has always been taken heretofore.

On May 6, 191 1, I took a specimen of X. cava resting on a stump
near the top of (jreat Blue Hills, near Boston, Mass. As there
was no Caniponotus colony in the stump, nor within several yards of

'" Zur Biologic und Morphologic der Lomcchusa-Gruppe. Zool. Anzeig..
1897, pp. 463-471-

168 Journal New York Entomological Society, [^'o'- ^i-"^-

the spot, the beetle must have been in the act of migrating to a
colony of its summer host. F. inccrta, which is very abundant in the
same region. The beginning of May may therefore be set down as
the time of the spring migration. The migration from the incerta
back to the Camponotus nests takes place, in all probability, during
the last week of July or first week of August, since I have a record
of finding a very fresh and light-colored specimen of the beetle in a
nest of C. novehoracensis at Colebrook, Conn., July 28, 1910. These
dates indicate, therefore, that the breeding period of X. cava, or its
life with the definitive, or summer host, covers a period of only three
months, and that it spends the remaining nine months of the year
with its intermediate host.

An examination of Dr. A. Fenyes's collection of Aleocharinse
during the past winter, enables me to add the following notes on the
hosts of two of the western species of Xcnodiisa :

1. The type specimen of X. angusta in this collection was taken
from a colony of Camponotus fallax subsp. discolor var. clarithorax
living in a gall of Andricits pouiiformis on live oak (Qiicrciis agri-
folia) in the Gran Arroyo Seco at Pasadena, California. The Cam-
ponotus is therefore the winter host of this small Xcnodusa; its
summer host is probably F. piliconiis. the only Formica I could find
in the portion of the Arroyo in which the beetle was captured

2. Dr. Fenyes showed me several specimens of X. montana which
he had taken from nests of C. Icvigatus at McCloud, Castle Crag and
Sissons, Cal., and a specimen of the same beetle found in a colony
of C. hcrculcanus var. inodoc at Tahoe City in the same state. Schwarz
had previously recorded C. Icvigatus as a host of X. moutaua. and
Wirtner has found it living with its summer host, F. subpolita.

From the following table, which summarizes our present knowl-
edge of the hosts of our five Xcuoduscc. it will be seen that both hosts
are known of only two of the species :

I. X. cava Leconte.

SiDinncr Iwsts : Formica schaufttssi var. incerta (Wheeler) : F. e.rsec-
toides (McCook) ; IF. sanguinea subsp. rubicunda (Muckermann).

Winter hosts: Camponotus herciileanus subsp. pennsylvanicus (Schwarz,
Blanchard. Pricer. Brues. Wheeler) and its var. ferrugineus
(Fenyes) ; C. hcrculcanus subsp. liguiperda var. novehoracensis
(Schwarz, Wickham, Muckermann, Wheeler) ; C. castaneus subsp.
americanus (Reiff and Strickland).

Sept., I9II.] Wheeler: An Ant-Nest Coccinellid. 169

2. X. montana Casey.

Summer host: Formica subpoiita (Wirtner).

Winter hosts: Camponotus levigatus (Schwarz, Fenyes) ; C. herculeanus
var. modoc (Fenyes).

3. X. caseyi Wasmann.

Summer host: Formica subpoiita (Wirtner).

4. X. sharpi Wasmann.

Winter host: Camponotus auricomus (Wasmann).

5. X. angusta Fall.

Winter host : Camponotus fallax subsp. discolor var. clarithorax (Fenyes).

AN ANT-NEST COCCINELLID (BRACHYACANTHA
QUADRIPUNCTATA MELS.).^

By William Morton Wheeler,
Boston, Mass.

Early in May, 1910, while I was collecting on the rocky southern
slope of Great Blue Hill near Boston, Mass., my curiosity was
aroused by some snow-white insects, resembling gigantic Coccids, in
several nests of Lasins iimbratus var. aphidicola. From hasty exami-
nation I conclude that these insects, which were moving about slowly
or resting among the root-Coccids and root- Aphids so abundant during
the spring months in the aphidicola nests, must be predaceous Coc-
cinellid larvje. Unfortunately, the vial in which they were collected
dropped from my pocket and was lost before I could examine them at
my leisure.

May 6, 191 1, on returning to the same locality, I succeeded in
finding ten of the larvae in two nests of the same ant. Each of these
nests also contained a large number of root-Coccids. Larvae, ants
and Coccids were taken home and placed in an artificial nest. The
larvae, when first found, were covered with dense tufts of delicate
white wax, but these broke off in transit through rubbing against par-
ticles of earth, so that the specimens were almost denuded when they
were installed in the nest. New tufts of wax, however, at once
began to be secreted, and by May 15 the larvae had the appearance

' Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institu-
tion, Harvard University, No. 43.

170

TouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society, t'^'o'- ^i-^-

shown in the accompanying figure. During this time they crawled
about the nest without being molested or even noticed, and the number
of Coccids in the nest suffered no diminution. By May 17 they
had ceased to move and were huddled together preparatory to pupa-
tion. Whether they fasted for lack of their proper food, which prob-
ably consists of Coccid eggs, or because they had already attained
their full growth when I confined them in the nest, I am unable to
sav, but the latter is the more probable explanation.

Fig. I. Seven larva; of Brachyticaiillia ^-punctata Mels. X ^.'/i.

The aduh larva, covered with the waxy tufts, measured about
10 mm.; but after these had been dissolved away in chloroform, its
body was only 6-7 mm. long, and was of a whitish or pinkish yellow
color. It differed conspicuously from our common Coccinellid larvje,
not only in this lack of pigmentation, but also in having very much
shorter and feebler legs, a much smaller head, a more obese and
elliptical al)domcn and in lacking the eyes and the rows of robust
spiny processes along the sides and in the mid-dorsal region of the
thorax and abdomen. The intersegmental constrictions were pro-
nounced and each segment had a deeply im])rcssed transverse line in
the middle of its dorsal surface. The body was covered with deli-
cate flexuGus hairs, which varied in length but were conspicuously

Sept., 191 1.] Wheeler: An Ant-Nest Coccinellid. 171

long on the liead and on the projecting lateral border of each seg-
ment. These hairs probably help to support or bind together the
waxy secretion.

By May 22 some at least of the larv;e had pupated. This could
not be determined by superficial examination, because the larval
cuticle was not shed but merely separated from the underlying hypo-
dermis, and the pupa was formed within the larval cuticle, which
was not even ruptured in the middorsal line. It rested on the soil and
retained intact its tufted covering of white wax.

June 15, on returning from a vacation, I found that the ants and
Coccids had died some time during my absence and that a beautiful
Coccinellid beetle, spotted with yellow and with iridescent blue-green
eyes, had emerged from one of the pupje and was running rapidly
about the nest. Four more of these beetles hatched June 16, 17, 20
and 22. The pupal period therefore extends over a month and is
probably not much shorter than larval life, unless the young larvae
hatch in the fall of the year.

Although it was evident that the beetle was a Brachyacautha,
I had difficulty in deciding on its specific identity. I therefore sent
it to our acknowledged authority on the Coccinellidae, Mr. Charles
Leng, who kindly wrote me as follows : " The Coccinellid beetle is
Brachyacautha 4-piiiictata Mels. Melsheimer described the female
under this name and later in the same paper described the male as
basalis. The male which you send has two spots at the base of the
elytra, the female onlv one : she lacks the humeral spot. Crotch re-
garded the insect as a variety of ursiiia but Mulsant, Gorham and
Casey dissent from this view, and the differences in abdominal struc-
ture support their opinion. It will be treated as a distinct species in
my forthcoming paper."

Turning to the literature, I find that the larva of this or of a
very closely related Brachyacautha was long ago seen in ant nests
by Dr. John B. Smith.' He says: "It would be supposed that the
ants would be very careful to keep out all enemies of these their
domestic animals (aphids), but there is one species that gets in and
remains in undisturbed. It is the larva of a common " lady bird,"
Brachyacautha ursiiia. Unlike the larvae of Coccinellids that prey

-Ants' Nests and their Inhabitants. Amer. Natur., XX, 1886, pp. 679-
6S7.

172 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^^^•

on arboreal species, this is not brightly colored but sordid whitish-
yellow. It is of the usual form of these larvae, but secretes a waxy
substance that exudes in long strings and gives the insect the appear-
ance of being covered with cotton or hoar frost. This secretion
seems to be much more palatable to the ants than that of the Pemphi-
gus, and they unconcernedly see the Coccinellid feasting upon the
former apparently concluding that the flavor is improved by passing
through the latter." The meaning of the last sentence is not clear,
unless Smith actually believed that the ants feed on the waxy secre-
tion of the Pemphigus and Brachyaeantha larvae !

Schwarz' says that the larva of Brachyaeantha ursina " is abun-
dant near Washington, D. C, in the colonies of Lasius claviger prey-
ing upon the Pemphigus domesticated by the ants. Whether or not
this is the normal habit of the larva must be left to future observa-
tions." Whether the larva mentioned by these two authors is that
of the true B. ursina or of B. 4-punctata which, as Leng says, was
supposed by Crotch and others to be merely a variety of ursina, I am,
of course, unable to decide.

Mann^ has very recently described and figured what is unques-
tionably the larva of a Coccinellid closely related to Brachyaeantha
from a nest of Formica camponoticcps at Wawaiwai, Washington.
This larva measured 6-7 mm. in length and. as the figure shows,
differs from my larvae of B. 4-punctata only in having the head p'"o-
portionally larger, the body somewhat more cylindrical and in bemg
"covered densely with a white powder," instead of with long, dense
tufts of wax. This last difference, however, may be unessential since
rubbed Brachyaeantha larvae have the appearance of being merely
powdered with the waxy secretion.

The only Coccinellid larvie which I find recorded as living in
ant-nests in the old world are Seymnns formicarius Muls., cited by
Wasmann^ as having been found in the imaginal stage with Formica
rufa in eastern Siberia, and Hyperaspis reppensis which was observed

^ Myrmecophilous Coleoptera found in Temperate Xorth America. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., I, No. 4, 1890, pp. 237-247.

* On Some Northwestern Ants and their Guests. Psyche, XV'III, No. 3,
191 1, pp. 102-100, 3 figs.

'^ Kritisches Verzeichniss der myrmekophilen und termitophilen Arthro-
poden. Berlin, 1894, P- 161.

Sept., 191 1.] Wheeler: An Ant-Nest Coccinellid. 173

by Silvestri" in the nests of Tapinoiiia crraticum iiigcrrinnnn near
Naples. The larva of the Hypcraspis feeds on the myrmecophilous
Tettigomctni imprcssifrons and costulata which live in the nests of
this ant. It remains in the pupal stage from 20-30 days, during
which time it is attached, together with its last larval cuticle, to
the lower surface of the stones covering the nests or to leaves or
sticks that may happen to be in the superficial chambers. The adult
beetle appears in June. It clings to the stones during the warm hours
of the day, with its feet and antennae withdrawn under the thoracic
and elytral borders, but when disturbed it runs about briskly. When
it meets an ant it stops suddenly and attaches itself to the stone.
The ants may endeavor to seize it by the sides of its body but seem
never to be successful in holding it in their jaws. The larv?e are
treated with indifiference. According to Silvestri, H. rcppcnsis is to
be regarded as a synoekete having no direct relations with its host,
but preying on the truly myrmecophilous Tettigoinetrcc. Evidently
the relations of Brachyacantha 4-punctata to its host, La^ius aphidi-
cola, and to the root-Coccids and root-Aphids so assiduously cherished
by this ant, are precisely similar.'

The close resemblance of the Brachyacantha larvae to certain
Coccids, a resemblance which must be extreme during the younger
stages, would seem, at first sight, to be due to mimicry and to be
int'^i^pretable as a protection from the mandibles of the ants. It is
probable that this protection actually obtains, but when we stop to
consider that some Coccinellids, which never live in ant-nests, but
feed on the eggs of Coccids that live exposed on leaves and branches,
nevertheless have larvae very similar to those of Brachyacantha, we
must decline to see in the waxy tufts of the latter any special adapta-
tion developed for the purpose of enabling them to live in the nests

" Contribuzioni alia Conoscenza dei Mirmecofili. I. Osservazioni su alcuni
Mirmecofili dei dintorni di Portici. Ann Mus. Zool. R. Univ. Napoli, N.S., I,
No. 13, 1903, 5 pp.

' Since the foregoing remarks were written I have found that Donisthorpe
(Fourmis et leur hotes. ler Congr. Internat. d'Entomologie, Bruxelles. 1910,
pp. 199-208, PI. XI) has found Coccinella distincta in the mounds of Formica
rufa or in their vicinity in England. The beetle preys on the aphids in the
ant-nests. " When it is attacked by the ants it withdraws its legs and anten-
nae and feigns death ; at such times the mandibles of the ants cannot grasp
its smooth elytra."

174 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

of Lasiits aphidicola. The figures published by Howard.* Sanders'
and Forbes^" of the hirva of Hypcraspis sigiiata. wliich feeds on the
eggs of the cottony maple scale {Piilvinaria iiiiiiiiiicrabilis) , show that
it is covered with tufts of delicate white wax and closely resembles
the Brachyacantba larva. The larva of H. biiiotata. which preys on
the same scale, has, judging from Sanders' figure, much shorter
tufts of wax than H. sigiiafa. Howard says of the latter: "The
striking likeness of the larv:e of the Hypcraspis to a mealy bug will
at once be noticed. Were it feeding upon mealy bugs instead of
u])Oii Pulvinarias (and it frequently does feed upon mealy bugs) it
would at once be evident that we have here a clear case of what Pro-
fessor Poulton calls 'aggressive mimicry.'" It is clear, however, that
even the theory of aggressive mimicry is inapplicable to this particular
case, since the Coccids are neither able to see nor to escape irow
the enemies of their eggs. Is it not simpler to assume that these
Coccinellid larvse secrete an abundance of wax simply because they
feed on organisms which, as shown by their secretions in turn, con-
tain large quantities of substances that are readily convertilile
into wax ?

Still another Coccinellid larva closely resembling BracltyacantluJ
is that of the Australian CryptoUriiiiis uwutrouzicri, which in its
native country feeds on waxy Coccids of the genera Dactylopius and
Eriococcus and when introduced iiUo Hawaii proved to be very use-
ful in destroying the Pith'i)iaria psidii of the coffee plantations.
Lounsbury's figures of this Coccinellid, reproduced by Marchal" indi-
cate that its pupa is formed within the larval skin exactly as in
Bracliyacaiitha.

^ Beneficial Work of Hyperaspis signata (.A.bstract), Proc. Twelfth Ann.
Meet. Assoc. Econ. Ent., Bull., No. 26, N.S., U. S. Dept. Agric, 1900, pp. 17,
18. I fig.

"The Cottony Maple Scale. Circ. Xo. 64. U. S. Dept. Agric, 1905. 7 pp.,
4 figs.

'" Twenty-fourth Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and
Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. Bloomington, 1908. 168 pp., 11 pis.,
8 text figs.

" Utilisation des Insectes Auxiliaires Entomophages dans la Lutte contre
les Insectes nuisiblus a I'Agriculture. Ann. de I'lnst. Nat. Agron. (2), VI,
1907, pp. 1-74, 26 figs.

Sept., iQii.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 175

NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVERAL NEW

GENERA AND SPECIES.

By a. a. Girault,

Brisbane. Australia.

Family PTEROMALID^.

Subfamily Sphegigastrin^e.

Tribe Sphcgigastrini.

URIOS, new genus.

Female. — Eyes dark red. margined with ocher. ovate, moderate in size;
whole head reticulated, an ochreous area caudad of and bordering each eye ;
sparse, rather long white hairs on head ; antennae inserted about in the middle
of the face, distinctly above an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends
of the eyes; occipital margin of vertex obtuse; lateral ocelli very far from the
eye margins ; antennal bulbs separated for half their own width, distant from
the eyes ; antennal scobe barely indicated just above the insertion, the face
shallowly concave above bulbs ; beneath them crossed by a broad, somewhat
irregular ochraceous band which also extends somewhat above them. Cephalic
ocellus nearly in cephalic aspect, the scape reaching above it. Head subtri-
angular, not much wider than the thorax. Clypeus not conspicuous. Maxil-
lary palpi 4-jointed, the apical joint long, equal to the two preceding joints ;
labial palpi 3-jointed.

Both mandibles tri-dentate, the third tooth shortest, broadly truncate (but
its apical margin slightly emarginate, giving the appearance of two weak
teeth on each side), the two outer teeth subobtuse. distinct but not strong, the
outer the longest (of itself short).

•Antennae 12-jointed, subclavate or cylindrical and enlarging gradually to
end of club-scape; pedicel, one large ring-joint, 5 funicle joints, and a 4-jointed
club : ring-joint long but still wider, distinct ; scape obclavate, with its bulb
about thrice the length of the usual obconic pedicel, the latter subequal in
length to the rather long first funicle joint ; remaining funicle joints shorten-
ing distad and slightly widening, the distal one somewhat wider than long,
somewhat less than half the length of the first : club conic-ovate, not as long
as the scape, the joints subtjuadrate excepting the last, which is very small,
resembling a large tubercle or Ijutton. Pubescence of antenna consists of
stiff, rather sparse, rather long bristles. Funicle joints narrowed somewhat
proximad, their disto-lateral angles acute.

Legs normal, the tarsi s-jointed, the proximal joint long, the tibial spurs
single, not more than a fourth the length of the first tarsal joint yet moder-

176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'"'- ^i-^-

ately strong, straight, those of the cephalic legs forked ; all femora swollen
moderately, simple, the tibi;e straight, slender ; proximal joint of cephalic
tarsi shorter.

Thorax rather long, the i)ronotum especially long, from dorsal aspect
nearly transverse-quadrate and broader than the rest of the thorax, pro-
duced cephalad into a neck ; mesonotum with distinct, rather deep parapsidal
furrows and trilohed, the scutum longest of the lobes, convex and rounded off
cephalad, its cephalic margin conversely curved and the sclerite saddle-shaped ;
the i)arapsides short, lobelike, their axes cephalo-laterad, convexly rounded.
Scutellum not very large, oval and convex, without transverse or longitudinal
grooves; metathorax slightly convex, somewhat longer than the scutellum,
with a median groove, its spiracle moderate in size, circular ; metathorax end-
ing in a short, hoodlike neck. Pro- and mesonotum faintly finely reticulated,
the metanotum roughly so, nearly punctate. Of carinae, on the metathorax
there is a short, curved lateral carina leading from the side of the hoodlike
neck half way to the spiracle. A spiracular sulcus leads from the spiracle and
is nearly similar to the median groove.

Abdomen with a distinct but very short petiole, pointed conic-ovate and at
base ventrad acutely produced, somewhat longer than the head and thorax
combined, the ovipositor not exserted. Second abdominal segment longest,
covering about a fourth of the abdomen, the others moderately short, gradu-
ally shortening caudad, the caudal margins in the dorsal aspect straight.
Abdomen with scattered pubescence. Wings hyaline, very minute.

Type. — The f oliowing species :

Urios vestali, new species.

Xormal position.

Female. — Length. 2.45 mm.

General color shining Ijlack, the head colored as described in preceding,
the body marked with ochreous as follows : Most of pronotum suffused, disk of
scutellum and a large area on each side of the median groove of the metanotum,
most of meso- and metapleurum, most of caudal coxae, the knees and tips of
tibiae ; tarsi yellowish, also extreme tip of abdomen ; distal tarsal joint black.

From a single specimen. 2^-incli olijective, i-inch optic, Bausch
and Lomb.

Male. — Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen taken from the nest of
an ant by A. G. \'estal in Illinois. The genus is nearly wingless.
Captured in May.

Type. — Accession No. 45,066, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History, Urbana, Illinois, one female on a tag, plus two balsam slides
(? head + appendages and $ antenna).

Sept., 191 1.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 177

Family ENCYRTID^.

Subfamily Encyrtin^.

Tribe Arrhcnophagini.

Genus ARRHENOPHAGUS Aurivillius.

Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius.

I add the following redescription in order to call attention to cer-
tain probable errors in former descriptions and to make additions.

Female. — Small for the group in size and normal in aspect, but the tarsi
are only 4-jointed. Legs normal, all tarsi 4-jointed, the apical joint the
longest, the rest short, subequal in length, about half the length of the apical
joint, the proximal joint, however, somewhat longer than the second and
third joints. Tibial spurs not long or large, slightly longer than the proximal
tarsal joints. Antennae 7-jointed — scape, pedicel, two ring-joints (or two small
funicle joints), and a 3- jointed club; pedicel longer than the combined
lengths of the two ring-joints, the latter connate with the club, the second
wider but shorter than the first ; first and second club joints subequal, one-
third longer than the pedicel and nearly one-half longer than the apical club
joint, which is conic (apparently and casually the antennae are 3-jointed—
scape, pedicel and unjointed club, the pedicel being much the shortest of the
three, the scape and club subequal in length, but the latter stouter) ; antennae
inserted below the middle of the face ; flagellum club-shaped, bearing uniform,
short white hairs rather closely placed. Mandibles moderately short, acute.

Fore wings normal in shape, that is Ijroad, the margins convex ; with no
transverse oblique (proximo-caudad) hairless line running from the region of
the stigmal vein, the discal cilia uniformly close, short and delicate, as are
also the marginal cilia (cephalic and apical margins especially, normal posi-
tion) ; venation incomplete — marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins absent,
the submarginal vein long and slender, thickening slightly distad, but abruptly
terminating before reaching the cephalic margin of the wing; marginal vein
represented by a circular fumated spot. Ovipositor acutely saber-shaped,
slender, slightly exserted. Axillae narrow, wedge-shaped, broad, slightly
separated.

Head (lateral aspect) wedge-shaped, the base (caudal margin) flat, the
opposite (cephalic) margin an inclined plane ; from cephalic aspect, triangu-
lar. Eyes practically bare. Parapsidal furrows absent.

Resembling somewhat the Aphelinid genera Casca Howard and Bardylis
Howard but distinguished from them by the absence of the marginal and
other wing veins, the broader fore wings, the undifferentiated funicle (or the
clavate flagellum — excluding pedicel) or antennal characters, by pedal char-
acters and by general aspect and general characteristics.

It is due to Dr. L. O. Howard to state that I was misled by the super-
ficial resemblance of this genus to certain Aphelininae, so much so as to think
of erecting a new genus for it in that group, but thanks to Dr. Howard's

178 Journal Xew York Extomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

advice, this was not done. I (|uite agree with previous authors that the
assemblage of characters must ally the genus with the Encyrtinse. It is
typically encyrtine in appearance. The following are specific characters :

Normal position : — General color shining l)lack. the dorsum of the ab-
domen black, the disk with some yellow ; antennas honey yellow tinged with
some dusky : legs and knees concolorous with the antennae, the dorsal aspect
of the posterior femur and tibia black ; that of the basal half of the inter-
mediate femur dark : most of the anterior femur black ; distal tarsal joints
dusky, especially at their tips. Maxillary palpi and the tegula; yellow and on
the mesothorax just cephalad of the tegula is a small yellow area ; venter of
thorax black, that of the abdomen dusky yellow, darker in the disk. .Across
the cephalic margin of the vertex, between the cephalic ends (dorsal aspect)
of the eyes from cephalic aspect, between the middle of the eyes along the base
of the frons, there is a moderately broad, conspicuous ochreous yellow fascia.
Eyes dark garnet ; ocelli inconspicuous, dark reddish with some yellow, the
lateral ocelli near the caudal margin of the vertex, the three in the usual
triangle, the lateral ones far closer to the eye margin than to each other or to
the cephalic ocellus.

Vertex and mesothorax, including the axillae, moderately coarsely polygon-
ally reticulated or sculptured, scaly, the sculpture of both somewhat finer than
the surface of the eyes and resembling overlapping scales or shingles ; the
scutellum closely, finely reticulated as if finely, delicately, longitudinally
striate. Cheeks, ventrad of eyes, longitudinally rugose, as is also the meso-
pleura. Eyes round from dorsal aspect. Vertexal carina absent. Scaly
sculpture of mesoscutum and longitudinal fine striation of mesoscutellum
characteristic.

Fore wings hyaline, but with a circular fumated spot separated from but
directly laterad or apicad of the truncated submarginal vein, the latter bear-
ing but from 2-4 large setae, all well separated. Hind wings normal in shape,
the discal cilia close as in the fore wing, the marginal cilia absent along the
cephalic margin, but moderately long on the caudal margin ; the vein short
and broad, yellowish, not reaching beyond the proximal fifth of the wing.
Scape of antennae reaching to the yellowish fascia across the vertex ; club
longitudinally striate, its joints connate and also connate with the ring-joints.
Abdomen normal, the spiracle of the sixth segment conspicuous, bearing
about three long setae and one or two short ones; first and second abdominal
segments longer than segments 3-6. but not much more so.

From 18 specimens. 2/^-inch olijectivc. Rausch and Loml)
Redesoribed from eighteen females reared bv ^Slv. X. ('languhe, a
sttident in the Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Oc-
tober 10-14, 1908, from Aulacaspis roscr (Bouche) on the stems of
black raspberry, collected by Mr. R. D. ( dasgovv on October 6, 1908,
at Urbana, 111. The descriptions were made from stupefied speci-
mens, unmounted, later compared with balsam mounts in which many

Sept., igii.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 179

of the details of color and sculpture were difficult to interpret with
certainty. The species has already been recorded from the same host
and locality.

Family EULOPHID.E.

Subfamily Entedonin^.
Tribe Entcdonini.
Genus MESTOCHARIS Foerster.
Mestocharis williamsoni, new species.

Female. — Length, 2 mm.

Agreeing with the description of Mestocharis zvilderi Howard but the
metathoracic carina is paired, the lateral carinae distinct from it and the
fovea on the metascutum is absent. Colorationally as in zvilderi with the
exception that the metanotum is metallic greenish. Metanotum not punctate,
finely reticulate, the two narrow median carinae not quite parallel, diverging
gradually very slightly caudad and not very close together ; parapsidal fur-
rows represented by a conspicuous deep fovea on each side caudad ; medially.
the base of the mesoscutum longitudinally striate like the scutellum. Occipital
margin of vertex acute. Wings with short marginal fringes and moderately
dense, normal discal ciliation, hyaline, the marginal vein long, much longer
than the submarginai, the stigmal and postmarginal veins both short and sub-
equal ; posterior wings ciliate as the fore wing but the marginal cilia along the
caudal margin are longer; tarsi 4-jointed; lateral carinse of the metathorax
distinct, the disk of the metathorax elevated above the pleurua, its margins
carinated, forming the lateral carinse. Abdominal petiole distinct but short,
densely punctate ; second abdominal segment long, occupying nearly two
thirds of the body of the abdomen ; the remaining segments all short, longer
cephalad, the third transverse, longest of them, the fourth and fifth subequal,
shortest ; segments of abdomen polygonally reticulated, the large second seg-
ment shining, its sculpture faint and confined to its caudal half, the other
segments opaque. Ovipositor not exserted. Metathoracic spiracle regularly
elliptical, its axis nearly longitudinal, situated just beyond (laterad) the
lateral carina; in the lateral aspect of the metathorax a more or less
prominent conical projection.

Antennas inserted about on a line with the ventral ends of the eyes ;
8-jointed, the club terminating in an acute spur-like projection which is
merely a prolongation of the second or apical club joint and hence not
counted as a joint ; scape, pedicel, ring-joint, 3 funicle joints and 2-jointed
club ; funicle joints subpedunculate. broad, tuberculate, the first distinctly
longer than wide, the second and third barely longer than wide, all some-
what compressed, the third wider than the second and about a fourth shorter
than the first ; pedicel normal, moderately long but distinctly smaller than the
proximal funicle joint, slightly shorter than joints 2 or 3 and not broad : scape
long, cylindrical but one margin convexed somewhat, slightly longer than the

ISO Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

club : the latter conical, ending in a spur, the basal joint large, ovate, nearly
as long as funicle joint 3, the apical' joint a fifth or sixth smaller. Ring-joint
narrow and short. Pubescence whitish hairs of moderate length arranged in
whorls and arising from tuberculate white spots. Mandibles 2-dentate, the
teeth about equal.

From many specimen.s, 2/3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and
Lonib.

Male.- — Length, 1.95 mm.

The same but more metallic blue especially at the legs and dorsal aspect
of the second abdominal segment. Abdomen not stout and conic-ovate but
depressed, oval and truncate distad, the genitalia exserted. Antennae the
same but the peduncles of the funicle joints are more conspicuous.

From three specimens, the same magnification. Described from
the following series of specimens received from Mr. Warren Wil-
liamson, a graduate student in Entomology at the University of Illi-
nois and for whom the species is named. The whole number was
reared from Conopid puparia taken from BoJiibus cuncricanonim
Fabricius.

(i) Labelled "10 — 10 — 20/Exp. i. Conopid on Bombns amcri-
canontm Fabricius, Urbana, 111., Oct. 20, 1910. Mcstocharis emerged
May 20, 191 1. W. W. seven females, one male emerged; twenty-
eight females found in a compact mass, interiorly, besides five pup?e
and three larvse (dead). The host puparium had been broken before
emergence."' (2) Labelled '" 10 — 10 — 9/Exp. i. Conopkl on B. amcri-
caiidriDii. Same. The host puparium contained dead pupae only of
the parasite ; these were in a mass, each pupa upon a single, large,
pyriform meconium which resembled chocolate jelly. A second Con-
opid puparium bearing the same label was also present; on May 27,
191 1. 39 females of the parasite emerged, all from a single, round
hole in the cephalo-lateral aspect. Inside this host puparium, after-
ward, was found a wet mass of " viscera " in which was embedded a
dead adult female parasite and a larva, besides a number of pupal
casts." (3) Labelled "10 — 10 — 9/Exp. i. The same; emerged May
26, 191 1. Fifty-one females, three males from two small round holes
at the caudo-dorsal and lateral aspects. The host when opened was
hollow, containing mere membranous fragments of the host, un-
recognizable, and five dead female parasites and a mass of cast pupal
skins among which were a few nieconial pellets."

Habitat. — Illinois (Urbana).

Sept., ipii.l Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 181

Types.- — Accession No. 4^,06/, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History, Urbana, 111., i c?, 6 $ 2 on tags. Honiotypcs. — Accession No.
45,068 of the same laboratory, many specimens in alcohol, i vial..

Subfamily Aphelinin^.

Tribe ApJiclini)ii.

Genus PARAPHELINUS Perkins.

A genus similar to Aphelinus Dalman but dififering in the following
particulars ■} The antennae are longer and more slender, both funicle joints
longer than rvide, not wider than long ; the fore wings are narrower (about
3j4 times longer than wide) and with a conspicuous sooty black band across
them, this band deep black not merely embrowned as in Aphelinus fuscipennis.
The ovipositor is exserted for about a fifth the length of the abdomen. The
body is stout and large for the subfamily, the mandibles tridentate, the two
outer (lateral) teeth acute and subequal. Otherwise as in Aphelinus. Also
allied with Centrodora Foerster but differing in the black-banded fore wing
and more distinct 2-jointed antennal club, as well as in having naked eyes,
unequal funicle joints and one joint less in the antenna. From Perissopterus
Howard it differs in not having the characteristic maculate fore wings and in
lacking the "ring-joints" in the antennae. The genus is based on a species
occurring in Hawaii ; the following North American form has been captured
recently by me and forms the basis for the generic characters just given.

Paraphelinus speciosissimus, new species.

Normal position.

Female. — Length, 1.45 mm., including ovipositor.

General color black, the thorax yellow, excepting the tegulae, axillae, pro-
notum and scutellum, which are dusky black ; median line of scutellum yellow ;
funicle and club of antenna yellow ; head suffused with some yellow ; all of
legs concolorous with yellow of the thorax excepting the caudal coxae and
femora which are black; caudal trochanters pallid; distal tarsal joints not
darker. Mandibles fuscous ; eyes dark. Both wings hyaline but the fore wing
crossed by a conspicuous sooty band beneath the whole length of the marginal
and stigmal veins, the band nearly as wide as long, its margin (proximad and
distad) not straight, the distal margin irregularly concaved. Venation dusky
yellowish. The whole fore wing has a slightly darker shade than the posterior
wings.

Scutum and scutellum with a median grooved line, the scutellum polygonally
sculptured. Fore wings regularly rounded, the marginal fringes short, very
short along the cephalic margin, the discal ciliation uniform, close, fine, the
oblique hairless line running through the black band ; the subtriangular patch

^ The generic characters following are taken from the species described
below.

182 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [N'oI. xix.

of discal ciliation proximad of it is about twice coarser than the main body
of the ciliation. Marginal and submarginal veins about equal, the post-
marginal vein absent, the stigmal distinct but not long. The caudal wing as
usual, its discal ciliation sparse, a distinct paired row along the cephalic
margin, the blade bluntly pointed. The posterior femora are swollen some-
what. Abdomen ovate. Tarsi 5-jointed. Scutellum not acute along its
caudal margin.

Antennae 6-jointed, inserted near the mouth border — scape, pedicel, two
funicle joints and a long 2-jointed club. Scape long and slender, slightly
longer than the club, or the combined lengths of the pedicel, funicle and
proximal club joint ; pedicel moderate, obconic, distinctly longer than either
of the funicle joints but shorter than the proximal club joint ; funicle joints
not large but both longer than wide, oval, the second about a half larger than
the first ; proximal club joint long, widening distad, a third longer than the
pedicel, the distal joint twice the length of the pedicel and conic-oval ; club
long, cylindrical, tapering to a point distad. Antenns apparently without
pubescence.

Male. — Unknown.

Described from a single female specimen captured May 17, 1911,
on the windows of a small granary at Urbana, 111. (A. A. Girault).

Habitat. — Illinois (Urbana).

Type. — Type No. 14,122, United States National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C, one female in xylol-balsam. This species is large,
beautifully and strikingly colored and should be easily recognized.

TUMIDISCAPUS, new genus.

.•\ genus allied to Paraphelinus Perkins in general shape of the wings and
body, but differing in having the scape of the antennae enormously enlarged,
bearing a leaflike expansion along its entire length and the antennal club is
shorter, less slender. Otherwise agreeing structurally with the genus named.
Type, the following species :

Tumidiscapus flavus, new species.

Male. — Length, 2.50 mm. Large for the subfamily.

General color lemon yellow, the apical half of the abdomen tinged with
orange ; sides of abdomen darker ; appendages concolorous but distal tarsal
joint and apical joint of antennal club darker. Wings hyaline, venation yel-
low. Eyes dark red, ocelli ruby red. Tips of mandibles fuscous.

Fore wings as in Aplieliiius Dalman but somewhat more slender ; marginal
vein slightly longer than submarginal, both long, the stigmal vein moderate in
length, straight, with a slight neck ; postmarginal vein absent. Discal ciliation
proximad of the oblique hairless line twice coarser and arranged in about five
lines; main discal ciliation fine; marginal cilia short on costal margin, about
as long as the proximal discal ciliation, noticeably longer (moderate in length )

Sept., I9II.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 183

disto-caudad, lengthening gradually around the apex from the costal margin.
The oblique hairless line runs in front of the apex of the stigmal vein.
Posterior wing with about four lines of discal cilia, its longest marginal cilia
(caudad) nearly as long as the wing's greatest width. Middle tibial spur long
but slender. Mandibles tridentate. Parapsidal furrows complete. Cephalic
tarsi with a strigil. Eyes naked, genitalia projecting slightly.

Antennse 6-jointed: shaft of scape cylindrical but nearly concealed by
an enormous ovate leaf-like expansion above and below, which runs its whole
length ; scape as long as the flagellum ; pedicel normal, obconic, longer than
either of the following joints ; the two funicle joints unequal, the first a third
(nearly a half) shorter than the second but distinctly longer than wide, the
second twice longer than wide; proximal club joint no longer than funicle
one, widening distad, somewhat differentiated from the distal joint which is
large, about four times the length of the proximal joint, a third wider and
conic-ovate; the distal club joint is longer than the funicle. Pubescence of.
antennze sparse. Expansion of scape with a distinct scaly sculpture.

Female. — Unknown.

From a single male specimen mounted in xylol-balsam and cap-
tured on the panes of an old shed on a farm at Centralia, 111., June 21,

1911 (A. A. G.).

Type— Cat. No. I4J2I, United States National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C, one male in xylol-balsam.

Genus COCCOPHAGUS Westwood.
Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch).

The following Illinois record; Many specimens from a Lecanium
scale on osage orange, Chicago, 111., August 10-16, 1908 (J. J. Davis).

Genus PHYSCUS Howard.
Physcus varicornis Howard.

The following Illinois records: A male and female specimen reared
from Aspidiotus pcrnicwsiis Comstock, Urbana, 111., July 11 and 4,
1907, respectively (J. A. West). Another female from same host
lot. July 4, 1907; eight males, four females reared from Chionaspis
amerkana Johnson on elm, Chicago, May 24, 1908 (J. J. Davis) ;
from hibernated Chionaspis furfitra Fitch on apple, 20 April, 1908,
Urbana (one male, two females).

The male has never been described. Its antennae are filiform, 8-
jointfed, uniform in color, the club not differentiated, the pedicel very
short in comparison with the proximal funicle jomt.

184 Journal New York Entomological Society, n'oi. xix.

Genus ABLERUS Howard.
Ablerus clisiocampae (Ashmead).

In Illinois this species has been reared as follows : A female speci-
men from Aspidiotus pcruiciosus Comstock. July 20, 1907, Urbana
(J. A. West) ; from Clilonaspis fur fur a Fitch on apple, one female,
April 12, 1908, Urbana, 111. (A. A. G.).

Genus ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS Howard.
Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw.).

I have captured a single female specimen of this species at Urbana,
III., May II, 191 1, in a greenhouse.

Genus APHELINUS Dalman.
Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron.

I desire to record this common Coccid parasite from the following
locality in Illinois: From Aspidiotus pcruiciosus Comstock on plum at
Carbondale. 111., June 20, 1908.
Aphelinus fuscipennis Howard.

This parasite has been reared in Illinois from Aspidiotus pcr-
uiciosus Comstock on plum at Carbondale, June 20, 1908, and from
Aspidiotus uvce Comstock on grape, July 6, 1908, at Anna (L. M.
Smith).
Aphelinus mali Haldemann.

The following rearing records : Two females, Urbana, 111., July 5,
1908, from Pemphigus fraxinifolii Riley on ash (J. J. Davis) ; nine
females reared from the same Pcuipltigus at College Station, Texas,
June 14, 1907 (C. E. Sanborn).

Family TRICHOGRAMMATID.^.

Subfamily Oligositin.^.

BRACHISTELLA, new genus.

A genus characterized by having the discal ciliation of the fore wing
normal, the venation straight, the antennae 8-jointed (scape, ring-joint, 2
funicle joints and a 3-jointed club), the abdomen conic-ovate, with the ovi-
positor non-exserted and with the exception of the discal ciliation of the
wings resembling Ittys Girault (species cerasarum Ashmead). It will follow
Brachista Haliday in my table of genera of the group. The type species is

Sept., 19II.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. 185

(Abbella) Trichogramma acuminatum (Ashmead), which I have described in
full elsewhere (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Phila., XXXVII, 1911, pp. 13, 77-82).

Of BrachistcUa acuminata (Ashmead), very recently I have cap-
tured the following specimens : A female at Coulterville, 111., June 20,
191 1, on the window of a wagon repair shop in company with Aphc-
linoidea semifuscipennis; three females in the same locality, same
time, on the window of a foundry adjoining; a female at Urbana,
111., May 17, 191 1, on the window of a small granary (stored corn) ;
another female, same locality, May 21, 191 1, on the pane of a window
in a livery stable; nine females at St. Joseph, 111., May 21, 1911, on
the windows of a livery stable; and on May 31, 1911, two females
together on a window in a hennery on a farm at Hendrix (Bloom-
ington), 111. The species appears, then, to be very common in the
state of Illinois.

Genus APHELINOIDEA Girault.
Aphelinoidea semifuscipennis Girault.

On June 10, 191 1, several female specimens of this species were
captured from the panes of a window in the loft of a livery stable at
Nashville, 111. They serve to confirm the original description of
the species and the locality is new. They were running slowly over
the pane and resembled to the eye, dark specimens of Pentarthron
minutum (Riley) ; also four females, two each on the windows of a
wagon repair shop and foundry respectively, at Coulterville, 111.,
June 20, 191 1 ; and one June 15, 191 1, Marissa, 111., on a window in a
hennery.

Genus WESTWOODELLA Ashmead.
Westwoodella sanguinea Girault.

This interesting species has been collected recently in the follow-
ing localities: One female, Coulterville, 111., June 20, 191 1, on the
window of a foundry in company with the Aphelinoidea and Brachi-
sfella. A female at St. Joseph, 111., May 21, 191 1, on the window of
a livery stable and three females at Hendrix (Bloomington), 111.,
May 31, 191 1, on the window of a barn on a farm. All the foregoing
are the typical red form.

186 Journal Xevv York Extomologiovl Society, [^'o'- ^i^-

Subfamily Trichogrammatix,e.
Genus UFENS Girault.
Ufens niger (Ashmead).

Girault, 191 1. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Phila., XXXVII., pp. 32— 38, pi. I, fig. 10.

This species very recently has been taken from the panes of a
window in a barn on a farm at Hendrix (Bloomington), 111., May 31,
191 1 (one male, three females).

From these specimens I have been enabled to make out the correct
structure of the funicle of the antenna which is really 2-jointed;
hence the female antennae are 8-jointed. This applies as well as to
Ufcns luna Girault, a West Australian species.

Also in the original description the male antennae were erroneously
described as being 7-jointed; however, the minute globular apical joint
must be counted, which together with the narrow, very short ring-
joint makes nine in all — scape, pedicel, a minute ring-joint, a 2-
jointed funicle less distinctly differentiated than in the female and a
4-jointed club, less conic and well-defined than in the female.

Family MYMARID.E.

Subfamily Gonatocerin^.

Tribe Ooctonini.

Genus CAMPTOPTERA Foerster.
Camptoptera clavata Provancher.

Catnptotcra clavata Provancher, 1889. Additions et corrections au volume
II de la faune entomologique du Canada traitant des Hymenopteres. In Petite
faune entomologique dvi Canada, etc., p. 404.

Camptoptera clavata Provancher, Girault, Annals Ent. Soc. of America, II,
1909, p. 26.

Through correspondence with the Abbe \'. A. Huard, Musee de
r Instruction Publique, Quebec. I have been enabled to see the uni(|uc
type specimen of this species, but unfortunately it met with an accident
in the mails and was so badly damaged that only a fore wing and
several tarsi remained when it finally reaclTcd me. From these frag-
ments, however, I am able to state definitely that it can not be a
Mymarid and hence has no place in this genus. The fragments were
remounted in balsam. The fore wing is densely ciliate discally and
has the venation of a Ptcromalid. The marginal fringes of the fore
wing are short, the longest not more than a thirteenth of the wing's
greatest width. The costal cell is well developed, the submarginal

Sept., :9ii.] (JIRAULT: NoTES ON HyMENOPTERA ChALCIDOIDEA. 187

vein long and slender, eight or more times longer than the short,
straight, broad marginal vein, which is twice the length of the stig-
ma! vein, which is distinct but without a neck; postmarginal vein
somewhat shorter than the stigmal and short and broad, subconic.
Apex of the submarginal vein just before it joins the marginal is
colorless. The tarsi are 5-jointed, with the spur forked and the
strigil well-developed on the cephalic legs. The proximal tarsal joint
is long. The tibije are curved and enlarged distad, almost club-shaped.
The proximal tarsal joint of the cephalic legs is curved at base.

These notes are based on a fore wing and the tibiae and tarsi of
two legs mounted in balsam from the original tvpe tag-mount which
was labelled " Camptotera clavata Prov. 1598." The remounted frag-
ments have been returned to their place of deposit mentioned above.

Subfamily Mymarin^.

Tribe Anaphini.
Genus ANAGRUS Haliday.
Anagrus armatus (Ashmead).

I have the following recent records of this widely distributed
species : Two balsam slides bearing a female each, received for identi-
fication from Dr. L. O. Howard and each bearing the label "' Bred
from grape scale. J. F. Zimmer, Washington, D. C, May 27, 191 1,"
also respectively, the numbers " 10" and " 11." The supposed host is
Aspidiotus uvcc Comstock, but it is more probable that the parasites
were from some Jassid or similar eggs in the grape stems. And five
females "collected from windows of stables and barns at St. Joseph.
111., May 21, 1911.

Genus ANAPHOIDEA Girault.
Anaphoidea pullicrura Girault.

I have an additional female of this species captured in a green-
house, Urbana, 111., May 5, 191 1.

Genus ANAPHES Haliday.
Anaphes sinipennis Girault.

Since describing this species I have captured another female of it
at Urbana, 111., May 20, 191 1, on a window.

188 Journal New York Entomological Society. LVoi. xix.

Anaphes nigrellus Girault.

Mr. Warren Williamson, a graduate student in the Department of
Entomology of the University of Illinois, was kind enough to give me
a male specimen of this species which alighted on his cuff while he
was working in the laboratory at Urbana, May 20, 191 1. It was
colored like the female. Also an additional female at Litchfield, III,
July 13, 1910 (A. A. G.), from the window of a livery stable.

Anaphes iole Girault.

A male of this species I captured by sweeping at Butler, 111.,
July 14, 1910. It is like the female; the antennae are filiform, 12-
jointed, the funicle joints gradually lengthening to the club which
is shorter and subequal to the proximal funicle joint.

Anaphes pratensis Foerster.

I have what is undoubtedly a female of this European species
which was captured from a cuff while sitting in blue grass, Urbana,
111.. May 7, 191 1. The long slender proximal funicle joints are
characteristic.

Tribe Mymariiii.

Genus MYMAR Haliday.
Mymar venustum Girault.

In the current (June, 191 1) volume of the Journal of the New
York Entomological Society, I proposed in a footnote the name above
mentioned for a specimen of this genus which was supposed at first
to be Alytnar pnlchcUnm Curtis. The specimen had been found in
the collections of the United States National Museum and in the
place referred to I called attention to the occurrence of the genus
in North America ; at the same time the specimen was described in
detail for the reason that I was not certain it was pulchcUum. Sub-
sequently, through the kindness of Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, I received
a pair of the latter species and am now able to point out the ditYer-
ences between the English and American species.

In general appearance they are very similar, especially in colora-
tion. The following structural differences are present: In the fore
wing there are about four more primary marginal cilia (34) ; in
pnlchcUnm only from 2?^ to 30; the primary marginal cilia are some-
what coarser and the wing blade somewhat larger than in pnlchcUnm;
the nearlv central line of discal cilia in pulchcUum extends proximad

Sept., 191 1.] Girault: Notes on Hymenoptera Cpialcidoidea. 189

to the apex of the blade, whereas in vcnustum it ends against the
costal margin of the blade, some distance (about 3 cilia) distad of
the apex of the blade; in pidchcUum the fumated portion of the blade
is smoky black, in rciiiistion smoky brown. In the color of the
antennae: In iriuistiiiii. they are yellow (light gamboge) with the
exception of the club which is fuscous or black brown ; whereas in
pulchellnm, the first three funicle joints and the club of the antennae
are black brown, the other joints yellow. The male of pulchcllum
is like the female; its antennje. however, are filiform and 13-jointed.

From a male and female of pulchcllum labelled "Richmond, Eng.
10. 9. 10. C. Waterhouse." remounted in xylol-balsam from a card and
the single type specimen of z'cnustum-.

Type (of vcnustum) : Cat. No. 13,820, U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C. i female in xylol-balsam.

Genus POLYNEMA Haliday.
Polynema consobrinus Girault.

Of this very common member of the genus the following recent
captures have been made in Illinois : One female from the window of
a livery stable, St. Joseph, May 21, 191 1. One female on the window
of a hennery on a farm at Hendrix (Bloomington), May 31, 1911;
another female on a stable window at Ridgefarm, May 29, 191 1; two
others in a greenhouse, Urbaiia, May 5 and 6, 191 1, and one May 9,
191 1, in the same place on the panes of a window in a livery stable.

Polynema longipes (Ashmead).

I have captured a single female specimen of this species at St.
Joseph, 111., May 21. 191 1. on the window of a stable. Also three
others at Nashville, 111., June 10. 191 1, in a similar situation.

Polynema graculus Girault.

At St. Joseph, 111., May 21, 191 1, I took a male of this charac-
teristic species from the pane of a window in a livery stable.

190 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^^^'

THREE NEW GALL MIDGES (DIPT.).

By E. p. Pelt,

Alhanv. X. Y.

The three species of Itonids described below were reared from
a section of a dead, partly decayed wild fig branch collected at
Paraiso, Panama, by Air. E. A. Schwarz, in connection with the bio-
logical survey of the isthmus under the auspices of the Smithsonian
Institution. Many of the specimens were reared by Mr. H. S. Barber
at Washington, while a few issued from material sent the writer.
The types will be deposited in the National Muscuul
Holoneurus occidentalis, new species.

Larva. — Length 3 mm., slender, reddish orange, with distinct and widely
separated pseudopods. Head moderately large and with long antenna, the
latter with a length four times the diameter. The dorsal part of the head
appears- to be chitinized and attached thereto are submedian, strongly curved,
stout, hooked, chitinous processes. The head is ornamented with a numljer
of long, slender setae. Skin coarsely shagreened : breastbone distinct, ex-
panded anteriorly, bidentate posteriorly, tapering to a rudimentary extremity ;
each segment with a transverse series of six long setK dorsally near the pos-
terior margin, and laterally with one or two setse near the anterior third ; the
I)osterior extremity broadly rounded and on each side three submedian tubercles,
each bearing a long seta.

Male. — Length i mm. Antenn.T a little longer than the body, sparsely
haired, yellowish brown; 16 segments, the fifth having a stem one-fourth
longer than the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length over
twice its diameter, a sparse basal whorl of short setw and a rather thick sub-
apical whorl of much longer, stout seta; ; terminal segment reduced. Palpi ;
first segment quadrate, with a length over twice its diameter, the second
stouter, one-half longer than the first, the third one-half longer than the
second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the
third. Mesonotum fuscous yellowish, Scutellum yellowish red, postscutelluni
yellowish. Abdomen mostly fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa pale
straw, the third vein uniting therewith at the apex of the wing, the fifth
simple. Halteres j-ellowish transparent. Coxae and legs pale straw, the distal
tarsal segments somewhat darker. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short,
stout, truncate ; terminal clasp segment short, stout, broadly rounded and
spinose apically ; dorsal plate rather long, deeply and roundly emarginate, the
lobes obliquely rounded distally ; ventral plate bilobed. Harpes linear,
chitinous ; style short, stout, narrowly rounded apically.

Sept., I9II.] Felt: Three New Gall Midges. 191

Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal
segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, the basal segments yellowish: 16
segments, the fifth having a stem about one-third the length of the subcylindric
basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter, a
rather thick subbasal whorl of long, stout set;e and a scattering, subapical
band of slender setae ; terminal segment with a length about three times its
diameter, narrowly separated from the preceding and tapering to a subacute
apex. Claws long, slender, evenly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli rudi-
mentary. Ovipositor when extended about one-third the length of the ab-
domen, the terminal lobes slender, indistinctly triarticulate, the distal segment
with a length about three times the diameter and sparsely setose.

Type Cecid ?i2\yyh, N. Y. State Museum.

Several specimens of this midge were reared the latter part of
May, 191 1. It is allied to H. clongatus Felt, from which it is sepa-
rated by the shorter stems of the antennal segments.

Lasiopteryx schwarzi, new species.

Male. — Length i mm. Antenna; nearly as long as the body, thickly
haired, dark brown: 12 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths
the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-
half greater than its diameter, a sparse subbasal whorl of rather short setae
and a thick subapical band of long, slender setse ; terminal segment somewhat
produced, fusiform, with a length about three times its diameter. Palpi : first
segment irregularly subquadrate, the second with a length nearly three times
its diameter, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth nearly one-
half longer than the third, slender. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutel-
lum reddish brown, sparsely haired, postscutellum darker. Abdomen mostly
dark brown, the distal segments and genitalia more or less yellowish orange.
Wings subhyaline, the membrane rather thickly scaled, costa dark brown or
black; the third vein unites with costa near the distal ninth; the fifth joins the
posterior margin at the distal fifth, its branch near the basal third. Halteres
yellowish orange. Coxae, femora and tibiae mostly yellowish orange, the tarsi
dark brown. Claws rather long, slender, evenly curved, unidentate, the pul-
villi about one-half the length of the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment
rather long, moderately stout, truncate ; terminal clasp segment somewhat
swollen basally, strongly curved apically ; dorsal plate long, deeply and tri-
angularly incised, the lobes tapering ta a narrowly rounded, sparsely setose
apex ; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes
sparsely setose. Harpes rather long, slender, with a long, stout, chitinous
process apically ; style rather long, broad, truncate distally.

Female. — Length 1.4 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the ab-
domen, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 12 subsessile segments, the fifth
subcylindric, with a length about twice its diameter, tapering slightly distally,
with a sparse subbasal whorl of moderately stout setae and a scattering sub-
apical band of longer, more slender setae ; terminal segment reduced, sub-

192 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o'- ^i^-

fusiform, with a length about 2yi times its diameter. Mesonotum shining
dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum fuscous yellowish.
Abdomen dark reddish brown, the ovipositor yellowish, longer than the ab-
domen; terminal lobes with a length about 2^4 times the width and tapering
slightly to a broadly rounded, sparsely setose apex ; minor lobes short, obtuse.
Other characters practically as in the male.

Type Cecid a2i 77, N. Y. State Museum.

Xumerous midges were reared in the spring of 1911. This species
is easily separated from the allied L. flavotihialis Felt by the larger
number of antennal segments and marked differences in coloration.
Hyperdiplosis americana, new species.

Larva. — Length i mm., a variable yellowish orange, moderately stout.
Head rather slender, the antennse stout, with a length about three times the
diameter; breastbone short, indistinctly trilobed ; ocular spot indistinct; skin
coarsely shagreened, the body segments each with a moderately stout seta
laterally, posterior extremity bilobed, the apex of each lobe slightly chitinized.

Male. — Length i mm. Antennse one-half longer than the body, thickly
haired, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth having the two portions of the
stem, each with a length fully thrice the diameter, the basal enlargement sub-
globose, with a thick subbasal whorl of long, stout setje and a slender sub-
apical circumfilum, the loops of the latter extending to the base of the slightly
produced distal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than
its diameter, a thick whorl of long, stout setae and subbasal and subapical
circumfili, the loops of the subapical filum extending to the base of the fol-
lowing segment ; terminal segment produced, basal portion of the stem with
a length five times its diameter, the distal enlargement cylindric, with a length
three times its diameter and apically a long, fingerlike process. Palpi ; first
segment subquadrate, the second twice the length of the first, slender, the
third as long as the second, more slender, the fourth about as long as the
second. Body pale yellowish. Wings yellowish, the third vein uniting with
costa well beyond the apex of the wing. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae and
base of femora whitish transparent, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and
tarsi pale yellowish. Claws stout, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli about
two-thirds the length of the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment rather
slender, truncate ; terminal clasp segment long, slender ; dorsal plate short,
deeply and narrowly incised, the lobes broadly emarginate, produced laterally,
the angles each with a stout seta ; ventral plate long, very deeply and roundly
emarginate, the lobes slender, parallel and with a length fully five times the
width ; style long, slender, narrowly rounded.

Female. — Length 1.2 mm. Antennas one-fourth longer than the body,
sparsely haired, light brown, the stems whitish, the fifth with a stem a little
longer than the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length
about 2j^ times its diameter and subbasal and subapical whorls of rather long,
stout setae ; terminal segment produced, the basal enlargement subcylindric.

Sept., 191 1.] Leng: a New Species of Luperodes. 193

with a length five times its diameter and apically with a rather stout, fusiform
appendage. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes narrowly ovate and sparsely
setose apically. Other characters practically as in the male.

Type Cecid a.2iyya, N. Y. State Museum.

This small, pale midge was reared in some numbers from May 31
till early in June, 191 1. This species is allied to the somewhat aber-
rant H. eupatorii Felt and cannot be considered typical of the genus.
It is easily recognized by the very greatly produced, slender lobes of
the ventral plate.

A NEW SPECIES OF LUPERODES.

By Charles W. Leng,

West New Brighton, N. Y.

Among the beetles collected in the mountains of Georgia in July,
1910, by Mr. William T. Davis, are three specimens belonging to the
genus Luperodes which resemble in most respects L. thoracicus Mels.,
but differ in being smaller and in color superficially, and in the
proportion of the joints of the antennas and tarsi structurally. There
is also a marked difference in the width of the thorax. For the new
species represented by these specimens I propose the name Luperodes
davisi in recognition of the many discoveries in Natural History
made by my life-long friend. The complete description is as follows:

Luperodes davisi, new species.

Form oval, slightly oblong, dark piceous, head, thorax, femora, first three
joints entirely and base of outer joints of antennae rufotestaceous. Antennas
with the third joint one and a half times as long as second joint, the two
together longer than the fourth. Head smooth, the transverse impression
straight, not reaching the eyes, the carina between the antennae sharply
defined. Thorax a little wider than long, not narrowed in front, sides strongly
arcuate, hind angles not prominent, rounded, disc moderately convex, sparsely
obsoletely punctulate, margin slightly reflexed. Elytra nearly twice as long
as wide, sides feebly arcuate, surface smooth, sparsely obsoletely punctate.
Body beneath, except pro- and mesothorax, black. Legs black, femora and
under side of tibiae fuscous. Length 3.5 mm. = .14 inch. Female has last
ventral oval at tip ; male unknown.

The type is in the collection of Mr. Davis and was found near
Clayton, Rabun Co., Georgia, elevation, 2,000 ft. Two specimens

194 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

which I associate with the type were also found hy Mr. Davis at
Cornelia, Ga., at an elevation of about 1.500 ft. All three were
taken in July, 1910.

The greatest difference between this species and ilwracicus is in
the posterior tarsi which in the latter have the first joint as long as
half the tibia and much longer than all the remaining joints together,
while in ihoracicus the first joint is as long as one-third the tibia
and equal to all the following joints together. The most obvious
differences are in the pale head and partly pale antennae and the much
smaller body.

THE EFFECTS OF PARASITIC CASTRATION IN
MEMBRACID^.

By Ignaz Matausch,
roselle, x. j.

(With Plate \'I.) ^•

In an article published in the December number, 1909, of this
periodical I described as " gynandromorphs " some anomalous forms
of a small species of Telamona found on the sweet gum {Liquidam-
bar styraciflua). Professor W. M. Wheeler suggested at the time
(in littcris) that these anomalies might be due to the presence of
parasites and therefore represent conditions similar to those found
by Giard in Typhlocyba.^

Having had little experience in microscopic dissection, I asked
Dr. A. Petrunkevitch to examine some of the specimens. He very
courteously complied with my request, and in one of them found
19 small larvae. Another specimen which he returned to me with
onlv the ventral abdominal wall removed and showing the larv;e in
position, is represented in PI. VI, Fig. i. It shows five parasites
very clearlv and a sixth partly concealed. One of these was removed
and is shown in Fig. 2. The larv^-e lie on the abdomen, with their
own abdomens directed towards the dorsal and their thorax and ven-
tral surface towards the ventral side of their host. Unfortunately I

' Sur la castration parasitaire de Typhlocyba par une larve d'Hymenop-
tere (Aphelopus malaleucus Dalm.) et par une larve de Diptere (Atelonevra
spuria Meig.), C. R. Acad. Sci., CIX, 1889. p. 708.

Jo urn N. Y. Eiit. Soc.

Vol. XIX. Plate VI.

Parasitized Membracids.

Sept., 191 1.] Matausch : Effects of Parasitic Castration. 195

did not succeed in rearing any of the parasites. The larvae, how-
ever, escaped from one of the onh^ three infested specimens of the
small species of Tclamona taken during the summer of 1910.

July I, 1910, I found, in the locality in which I collected during
1909, the first of these sexual anomalies, but this belonged to the
large Tclamona species (near heliria). It was feeding on Liquidam-
bar. July 2, on the same food-plant and in the same place, I took
two more of the anomalies and three normal females of the small
Telamona, which had been much more abundant during the pre-
ceding year. July 5 I captured one anomalous specimen and a normal
male. Acting on the advice of Dr. Petrunkevitch I kept the anomalies
alive on their food-plant in order to give the parasites an opportunity
to pupate, but the Membracids all died before the parasitic larvae could \

effect their escape from them.

The Tclamona taken July 5 was kept in a glass by itself, but
on the fourth day, when I was about to give it fresh food, I found
it dead. In the glass were five pale green larvae which moved about
like Dipterous maggots. These had made their escape through the
ventral integument of the ]\Iembracid. Two of them, which seemed
to be vigorous enough to live, I placed on some earth and preserved
the three others in alcohol. Fig. 3 represents one of the latter. I
was hindered at this time from continuing my observations. Three
weeks later when I looked for the larvae left on the earth, I found
that they had disappeared and all the earth was covered with mould.

I have also found Carynota nicra infested with parasitic larvje
very similar to those of Tclamona. One specimen of the former
IMembracid was taken in the beginning of July, the other on the
twenty-eighth of the same month. The abdomen of the latter speci-
men was abnormally distended with the parasites. In neither case did
I succeed in rearing these to maturity. The same was true of
Thclia bimaculata which I found in considerable numbers during 1909
near Newark, X. J. Among these were ten individuals with abnormal
genitalia of the type described in my former paper and all contained
parasitic larvae.

This association of parasites with a malformation or inhibition
of the development of the external genitalia occurs, however, not
only in Tclamona, Carynota and Thclia but also in Glossonoins, for
I have found three parasitized specimens belonging to this genus

196 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

among a series kindly given me by Dr. John B. Smith. Another
specimen with abnormal genitalia, wliich was received from Mr. G.
Franck of Brooklyn, is represented in outline in Figs. 4 and 5. It
is as large as a large female of Glosson'otus univittatus. but with
the prominence behind the humeri and the tip of the prothorax more
arcuate, and with the humeral projections of G. acum'matus and the
wings of G. nnk'ittatus.

That the parasites produce the sexual anomaly also in Cyrto-
lobits is proved by a specimen which I collected together with several
normal individuals, July 13, at Woods Hole, Mass. This has the
external genitalia of a female, but they are only half the normal size.
Careful examination revealed the presence on the abdomen of small
white lumps which were undoubtedly parasitic larvae that had died in
the act of leaving the body cavity of their host.

It is worthy of note that none of the parasitized Membracids lives
well in confinement, except the small Tclamoncc which are very
active, one might almost say playful. It is certainly remarkable that
the parasites often die without leaving the Membracids and appar-
ently before attaining their full size, notwith.standing the fact that
they destroy the internal sexual organs of their hosts. In many
cases the abdomens of the latter are far from reaching their normal
dimensions, while in others they swell up to an extraordinary size.
Some of the latter insects, when dried, look as if thev were hollow.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.^

Utetheisa bella var. nova. — A rather peculiar error occurs in
Smith's last edition of the Insects of New Jersey which it seems ad-
visable to point out without delay. On page 43S under Utetheisa bella
are listed three varieties, the last of which is uoiu and is credited
to N. and D. (Neumcegen and Dyar). In the preparation of his
notes for the list the present writer included in his records the typical

' The New York Entomological Society has decided to publish in each
issue of its Journal a number of short notes. Members of the society and
other contributors are requested to send any observations that may be properly
included in this department of the periodical to the Secretary, Mr. H. G.
Barber, Roselle Park, X. J.

Sept., 19JI.1 Short Notes. 197

form of bclla from Paterson, N. J., the variety hybrida, and an en-
tirely new variety which, following the plan of the previous list, he
listed simply as " var. nov." with the locality in which it was taken.
In order to insure its merited insertion into the list as a new variety
without name he characterized the three varieties for Professor
Smith's benefit little thinking the author would deviate from the gen-
eral plan of the work and include these diagnoses in it. Somehow or
other the " var. nov." slipped in as var. nova, with Neumcegen"s and
Dyar's initials following it and, the characterization being added,
the name must stand. But who is the author of the variety? There
is no rule of zoological nomenclature governing the case but Dr.
Stiles, to whom I applied for information kindly tells me that the
author of a species as given in a publication is assumed to be cor-
rect until proved to be incorrect. The correction is here made,
therefore, and the variety credited to Professor Smith.

The remarkable variety to which the name in question applies
deserves a more extended notice than that given in the New Jersey
lits. It differs from the normal form in that the pink is entirely
replaced by bright yellow, and this is especially striking on the under
side where in normal specimens the pink covers the whole surface
except for the black markings, the edge of the costa, and the fringes.
x\bove, the differences do not appear to be so great, the yellow of
the primaries being paler than is usually the case, and the secon-
daries appearing more white or cream rather than bright yellow,
thus from this side approaching in appearances the variety tenninalis.

Three specimens of this form were taken on August 7, 1903, on
the outskirts of Paterson, N. J- Thousands of the normal moths were
present at the time in a small area not over fifty feet broad by one
hundred in length. Two hundred specimens were taken in about two
hours among which were two of the variety hybrida. Nova in each
case was detected as being different from the others while still on
the wing and the first specimen taken was thought to be faded: as a
matter of fact all three are absolutely fresh.

The sandy area where these occurred was well covered with the
bare stalks of the common rattlebox (Crotalaria sagittalis) on which
an occasional larva of bclla was still clinging. Hundreds of others
in all stages of growth were crawling out of the open end of the
pit (for the place had in 3'ears past been used as a "sand diggings,"

198 Journal New York Entomological Society, t'^'^'- ^i^-

and three sides were hemmed in by steep embankments, up the loose
sand of which the larvae could not ascend) and they continued in a
straight line until the first track of a railway a dozen or fifteen feet
away was reached. They then travelled either east or west along the
rail, and it was these numerous larvae crawling over one another along
the base of the rail that first attracted my attention to their breeding
ground. The explanation of the larvae travelling was obvious. They
had completely defoliated every plant on the breeding territory and
were now migrating to " fresh fields and pastures new." Undoubtedly
the larger proportion of them died as nowhere in the immediate
vicinity do I know of other patches of Crotalaria, nor of the pres-
ence of any other of their recorded food plants. Some larvae, how-
ever, were sufficiently grown to pupate as was evidenced by the fact
that over sixty cocoons were collected from beneath the angle of
the Frail, most of which had the still unchanged larva within them.

John A. Grossbeck.

Two Hemiptera New to New Jersey. — The following two, locally
rather rare, Hemiptera have recently been taken in New Jersey
and are not recorded in Smith's new " List of the Insects of New
Jersey": Acantholoma dcnticiilata Stal, collected by Dr. F. E. Lutz
near Hackettstown, N. J. in the Schoolie Mts., May 20th, and Banasa
sordida Uhl., taken by ^Ir. W. T. Davis in Cape May Co., N. J.,
August. — H. G. Barber.

Vanessa milberti in New York City and Vicinity in 1910. — We

have no previous record of J'ancssa milberti being as common in
and about the city of New York as it was during the fall of 1910.
j\lr. W'm. P. Comstock reports one in a back yard at Newark, N. J.,
on ( )ctober 13, and another near the Grant Avenue crossing of the
Eric railroad at Hanison, N. J., on October 24. One was observed
on Staten Island by Mr. Oscar Fulda on September 23; one was
captured October 10 by Mr. Jacob Doll while it was flying about
the grounds of the Brooklyn Museum near Prospect Park, and on
October 18 one was seen at Sea Cliff, Long Island, by Mr. Geo. P.
Engelhardt. A still more southern record was the capture by the
writer on October ig of a milberti near Keyport, N. J., just north
of Matewan Creek.— \Vm. T. Davis.

Sept., T9II.1 Short Notes. 1*)*J

Pamphila phylseus Drury. — A demonstration of the manner in
which some animals elude observation was given on October 5, 1910,
by Mr. Abbott Thayer in Dr. Southwick's pleasing little garden in
Central Park, N. Y. City. While the birds and dried butterflies were
being placed among the foliage and the flowers, many living insects
were also observed, and among them PamphUa phylcrtis. It at first
eluded capture, and was gone for nearly two hours, but later returned
to the same clump of flowers. The southern species was taken at
Lake Hopatcong, N. J., on August 29, 1908, but it is quite uncom-
mon about New York City. — Wm. T. Davis.

Arrival of Danais plexippus in the Spring. — In the last edition of
"' The Insects of New Jersey " it is stated that only the females of
Danais plexippus return to their place of birth in the spring fol-
lowing the fall southward migration of the species. From observa-
tions made on Staten Island and in the vicinity of New York City
it appears that the females are the first to arrive in the spring. Indi-
viduals have been seen as early as April 25 at Lakehurst, N. J-, and
in the latter part of April at Jamesburg. Males, however, are also
to be found in the spring migration. One was collected on the
southern end of Staten Island on May 17, 1908. As no hibernating
individuals have been found so far north, the male no doubt flew
north with the other migrants. — Wm. T. Davis.

Cicindela purpurea limbalis in the Vicinity of New York City. —

In the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society for August,
1878, Mr. F. G. Schaupp records the taking of a single specimen of
Cicindela limbalis King, by Mr. H. Koestlin near Fort Lee, N. J. in
the month of May. In the local collection of the American Museum
there is a limbalis collected by Mr. H. S. Harbeck at South Orange,
N. J., Sept. I, 1888, and another in my collection was collected at
Ramapo, N. Y., on April 11. Mr. Chas. E. Sleight found a limbalis
at Bear Swamp, Ramapo Mts., September 6. 1909, and Major Wirt
Robinson has collected it near West Point. On the opposite side of
the Hudson, and nearer New York City, is the locality at Peekskill
where Mr. John D. Sherman, Jr., collected a number, several of
which are now in the collection of Mr. Edward D. Harris. Recently
Mr. Frank E. Watson gave me a large individual found by him on
the Ramapo Mts. near Southfields, N. Y., October 12, 1910, at an

200 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. [Vol. xix.

elevation of about cue thousand feet. In addition to the above there
is the Boonton locaHty mentioned in the third edition of the " List
of New Jersey Insects." — Wm. T. Davis.

Anthrenus fasciatus in Georgia. — Several months ago the Ameri-
can ^luscum received from F. J. Manborgue. an upholsterer in Au-
gusta, Ga., a number of specimens of AiitJircnus. Dr. Walter Horn
kindly identified them as Anthrenus fasciatus Hbst. ( = isabclliniis
Kiister). This species is known from Algeria, Spain, Greece,
southern Russia, Mesopotamia and East Indies. Mr. Manborgue
writes that they were found in the curled hair of furniture built
twelve or fifteen years ago and that the hair is believed to have
been imi)orted from Russia. — Dr. I'raxk E. Lutz.

Phymatodes lengi Joutel. — This name appears in Prof. Smith's
recent list of New Jersey insects, but no description has as yet been
published. Pending a fuller account of the species, it may be stated
that Icugi has the ventral surface of the abdomen black instead of
red as in a)iia^iius Say, which it closely resembles. It is also a
narrower and longer insect. — L. H. Jol^tel.

Miastor Larvae. — These remarkably interesting larv;e reproduce
bv piedogenesis, are available for laboratory work to a marked
degree and must be widely distributed as well as allied forms. Very
little is known concerning American species, largely because their
habitat is one rarely explored by entomologists. They breed mostly
in decaying vegetable matter. We have been very successful in find-
ing them under partially decayed chestnut bark of stumps, fence
rails and sleepers which have been cut one or two years earlier.
European species occur under the bark of a variety of trees and
even in sugar beet residue. These Dipterous maggots with diverging
antenn;e and a fuscous ocular spot in the first body segment, have a
flattened, triangular head quite different from the strongly convex,
usuallv fuscous head of the Sciara larv;c occurring in a similar
environment. They have a length of from 1/20 to I /8 of an inch
and may be found in colonies containing a few large, white larv;e
with numerous smaller, yellowish individuals, the latter being more
common at the present time. Ivarly spring with its abundance of

Sept., 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 201

moist bark appears to be the most favorable season for finding the
larvae. The writer would welcome the cooperation of entomologists
and others in searching for these forms in different parts of the
country. He will be pleased to determine specimens found under
various conditions, make rearings therefrom if possible, and thus
add to our knowledge of the subfamily Heteropezinae, a group which
should be fairly abundant in North America and one deserving care-
ful study. — E. P. Felt.

Miastor Larvae in Connecticut. — In connection with the preceding
note by Dr. Felt it may be of interest to record that Mr. C. T. Brues
and I found large numbers of Miastor larvae at Colebrook, Litch-
field County, Conn., June 8, 1911. These larvae, many of which were
in active paedogenesis, were living in colonies under the bark of
elm and maple stumps in a damp but open wood. The trees had
been recently felled and there was considerable sap between the bark
and wood. In the same locality I failed to find any of these larvae
during the last week of July and first week of September. — W. M.
Wheeler.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of Tuesday, May 3, igio.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President C. W.
Leng in the chair with sixteen members present.

Reports were received from the Treasurer and the Curator.

Mr. Dow of the Field Committee reported that the Decoration Day and
Fourth of July meetings were very nearly arranged for and would be reported
upon at the next meeting.

Mr. Joutel exhibited living larvje of Thclydrias contractus and stated that
he had on a former occasion made four applications of bisulphide of carbon
in order to kill one of them and had been unsuccessful. He demonstrated
that by a liberal application of bisulphide of carbon none of the four larvae-
was harmed. He remarked that the life cycle was apparently one year, but
that they had, without food, lived for three or four years in the larval stage.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a number of new Carabidse which he has been
studying lately, the descriptions and notes of which will be published in the
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Museum. He gave the distinguishing characters of
most of the species and pointed out also some synonymy in the group. Among

202 Journal New York Entomological Society, t^'o^- ^i-^-

he new species were several Petrostichits. Lcbia. Harpalus , etc., and a new
species of the strictly tropical genus I una from Brownsville, Texas.

Professor H. E. Crampton referred to some of his former experiments in
grafting of various Lepidoptera as unsuccessful since the adults of these
grafts failed to mate. He spoke concerning the results of some work he had
been carrying on for a number of years which dealt statistically with certain
biological problems such as variation. Long series of measurements and
observations had been made in the larval and pupal stages of some of the
more common Bombycine moths to determine what bearing the relative
length of certain structural parts and weight of the whole had to do with the
character of the adult. Although the work was not yet completed he had
determined that there was undoubted correlation in this respect, as shown
by various statistical tables.

Dr. E. P. Felt spoke concerning " Some Interesting Observations on
Cecidomyid Genera." Among other things he referred to the help he had
obtained in visiting and studying various European collections of gall midges.
He spoke of the new list of gall midges which he had prepared and mentioned
the number of synonyms as somewhat diminished by his recent studies. In
this list 129 genera were represented and the life histories of a large number
had been successfully worked out.

Mr. Henry Bird in speaking of " New York City's Fifty Mile Faunal
Zone as Relating to the Noctuid Genus Papaipema " exhibited a collection of
most of the species to be found in the eastern part of the United States, — 22
of which positively occur within the 50-mile zone, with 4 others likely to
occur there. He spoke of the distinguishing characters of the genus which
had been separated from the Hydrwcia by Professor J. B. Smith. He referred
also to the habits of a number of the species. They are for the most part
borers in the stems and roots of perennial plants. The larvae are character-
istically striped and difficult to breed as a whole because of the wide range of
food plants necessary for rearing.

Mr. Davis exhibited several strainers which had proved very satisfactory
for sifting.

The society adjourned.

Meeting ok Tuesday, M.w 17. 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P.M. with
President C. W. Leng in the chair and sixteen members present.

The Librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, read a list of exchanges recently received,
as follows :

Verhandlungen d. k. k. zool. bot. Gesellsch. in Wien. LIX. No. g.

Societas Entomologica, XXIV, Nos. 23, 24; XXV, No. 1.

Zeitschrift f. wiss. Insektenbiologie, VI, No. 3.

Entomologische Zeitschrift, XXIV^ Nos. 1-4.

Canadian Entomologist, XLII, Nos. 4, 5.

Coleopterorum Catalogus, Parts 11-14.

Sept., 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 203

Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1910, No. 2.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, Vol. XII.

Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., IX, No. 3.

Catalogue of Nearctic Spiders by Nathan Banks.

New Hymenoptera from the Philippine Islands by J. C Crawford.

Three New Genera and Species of Parasitic Hymenoptera by J. C.
Crawford.

Stettiner Entomol. Zeitung, LXXI, No. 2.

Bull, de la Societe Entomol. d'Egypte, 1909, No. 4.

Wiener Entomol. Zeitung. XXIX, No. 4.

The curator. Dr. Lutz, exhibited the cases holding 144 Schmitt boxes,
prepared for the reception of the Hymenoptera and Diptera belonging to the
local collection.

Mr. Olsen, of the field committee, reported on the arrangements for the
Decoration Day excursion to Newfoundland, N. J.

On motion of Dr. Love it was voted to dispense with the meetings of
the society during June.

Dr. Lutz on speaking concerning the results of the American Museum of
Natural History Expedition to add material to the local collection, outlined
the route thus far followed and compared the different localities visited. He
discussed the characteristics of the faunal regions of New Jersey and gave it
as his opinion that local conditions, soil, moisture, etc., would determine dis-
tribution within the state rather than topographical conditions.

Mr. Leng mentioned the using of a light to attract beetles along the muddy
banks of the Passaic River. By this means he captured seventeen species,
mostly of the genera Platymis and Boiibidiuni.

Mr. Bischoi? exhibited two parasites of the cockroach. He also mentioned
examining ant hills near Newark, N. J., and the capture of some good beetles
by tearing these to pieces.

Mr. Davis exhibited a specimen of Largiis succinctiis taken at Baldwin,
Long Island, which appears to be a good record for so northern a locality.
Mr. Davis also showed specimens of Cicindela generosa taken at Old Bridge.
N. J., which showed some variation in their markings: also a series of Bninins
davisi from Wyandach, L. I.. Lakehurst. N. J., and Japank, L. I., showing
considerable variation from the normal.

Mr. Leng stated that Casey was of the opinion that the species he had
called Bnimus septentrionalis vAr. davisi was new and should be called Brumns
daz'isi Leng.

Mr. Southwick spoke of a new insect, a caterpillar, the moth of which
he had not seen, atifecting rhododendrons.

Mr. Engelhardt stated that from the character of the work it was prob-
ably a moth of the genus Scsia which had been destructive in a similar way
in Prospect Park, Brooklyn.

Mr Southwick mentioned that he had obtained a photograph of Dr.
Zabriskie for the society.

Mr. Joutel exhibited a specimen of Cylene robinia captured about the

204 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoLXIx.

middle of May in the city. This is unusual as this species hatches in the
late summer and autumn.

Mr. Schaeffer exhiliited some Coleoptera which had been taken in Choko-
losee, Fla.. and obtained through Mr. Franck. Most of these had been intro-
duced from Cuba. He also showed four good species of Coleoptera taken at
Wyandach, L. I.

Mr. Leng stated that at a meeting of the Deutsche Ent. Gesellschaft,
March 14, Schenkling gave some statistics as to the number of described
Coleoptera. Linne in 1758 knew 574 species, in 1788. 4.000 species. Dejean
possessed in 1830, 21,000 species. Gemminger and Harold listed 77,026 species.
From the first ten installments of the new catalogue Schenkling figured that as
7,078 species therein named take the place of 2,718 listed by Gemminger and
Harold, the total in completion of the new catalogue, may be 250,000. Gebien
commenting on his statement said that in Tenebrionidae the 4.200 species
listed by Gemminger would grow to 146,000 species and he believed that only
one-fourth of the species existing in nature would be covered even then.
Ohaus stated that in the Rutelids the G. and H. numbers would be multiyjlied
six or seven times.

The society adjourned.

Meeting of Tuesd.w, October 4, 191 o.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History Tuesday at 8.15 P.M.
Dr. E. B. Southwick was elected to preside as chairman in the absence of the
president and vice-president. Twenty-two members were present.

Minutes of the meeting of May 17 were read and approved. The Treas-
urer, Mr. Davis, made a report in which he stated that he had found it
necessary to transfer $100 from the society's account to help out the Joik.nal
account. He recommended that space be given in the journal for short
notes, with the expectation that it might add to the popularity of the Joiknal
and thus increase the number of subscriptions.

The Librarian, Mr. .Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following ex-
changes :

Entomol. Zeitschrift, XXIV, Nos. 5-22.

Societas Entomologica XXV, Nos. 3, 4.

Zeitschrift f. wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Vil, 4-7.

Bull, de la Soc. Imper. des Naturalistes de Moscow, 1908, Nos. 1-4.

Verhandl. d. K. K. Zool. bot. Gesellschaft in Wien, LIX, No. X ; LX,
No. 12.

Mittheilungen d. schweizerischen Entomol. Gesell., XH, No. i.

Bull, de la Soc. Entomol. d'Egypte, 191 o, No. i.

Canadian Entomologist, XLH, Nos. 6-9.

Coleopterorum Catalogus, Parts 15-19.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 1910, Nos. i, 2.

Fourth .■\nn. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1909.

Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1910. Nos. 3-6.

Sept., 1911.] Proceedings of the Society. 205

The N. Amer. Bees of the Genus Nomia by T. D. A. Cockerell.

Annales Soc. Ent. Belgique, LIII.

Rept. Ent. Dept. N. Jersey Agric. Coll. Exp. Sta. for 1909.

Descriptions of Some New Genera and Species of Lepidoptera from
Mexico by Harrison G. Dyar.

Mittheilungen d. Zool. Mus. Berlin, IV, No. 3; V, No. i.

Wiener Entomolog. Zeitung, XXIX, Nos. 5—6.

Entomologische Blatter, 1910, Nos. 1-8.

Revue Russe d'EntomoL, IX, No. 4.

Bolletino Lab. Zool. d. R. Sucola Sup. d. Agri. Portici, III.

Dermaptera of the U. S. Nat. Museum by Malcolm Burr.

Studies of N. Amer. Geometrid Moths of the Genus Pero by J. A. Gross-
beck.

Bull. 141 N. Y. State Museum.

Three New Genera of Myrmicine Ants from Tropical America, by W. M.
Wheeler.

Catalogue of the Odonata of N. America. R. A. Muttkowski.

Berliner Entomol. Zeitschrift. LV, Nos. 1-2.

Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Ill, pp. 57-72.

Memoirs on the Coleoptera by Thos. L. Casey.

His request of authority to have bound Henshaw's Check List of
Coleoptera and the new Catalogue of Odonata was granted.

The Curator, Dr. Lutz, reported that he had spent a considerable part of
the summer collecting in the field and had obtained something like 20.000
specimens of insects for the local collection, among which were many dupli-
cates. Most of the material had been mounted and the remainder would
soon be ready for exhibition. The Museum had added to the collection of
Noctuida; by purchase and Mr. John Grossbeck had donated to the local col-
lection 300 specimens of mosquitoes representing the majority of the species
to be obtained in the vicinity of New York.

Mr. Angell presented to the local collection two or three hundred
specimens of Coleoptera taken along the beach at Lavalette, N. J., during the
summer.

The Vice-President Mr. Osburn took the chair.

The Secretary, Mr. Barber, proposed as an active member, Mr. Carlo
Zeimet, 170 William Street.

In a discussion of Mr. Davis's suggestion that space in the Journal be
given to short notes, several members expressed themselves pleased with the
idea and the matter was referred to the Publication Committee for action.

As no formal program had been arranged the Vice-President called upon
the different members to give an account of their summer's collecting ex-
periences.

Mr. Wheat during the early summer had found a peculiar beetle in his
study which he placed in a vial. Upon examining the insect a month later he
found it still alive and dropped it in a cyanide bottle in which it lived for

206 Journal Xew York Entomological Society, t^'"'- -'^i-^-

several hours. He thought the beetle came out of an oak desk in which he
had noticed a recent burrowing. The desk has been in his possession for
fifteen years and his father had owned the desk for five years before him.
Mr. Wheat inquired if it was possible for the larva or beetle to remain that
length of time alive in the wood. Mr. Schaeft'er replied that he did not think
it possible.

Mr. SchaefTer exhibited a specimen of a wasp showing a Stylops cling-
ing to the abdomen ; a species of Neoclytus new to the United States, found
alive in Mr. Franck's office ; a lead pipe burrowed into by a beetle, Dermestes
frischii. which was also shown. He reported that Mr. Schont had collected a
very rare bettle during the past summer at Huntington, Long Island, Elylro-
Icf^tus floridauus.

Mr. Davis stated that he had visited Sandy Hook to collect insects, hav-
ing obtained a permit. He gave a description of the trees and general char-
acter of the country, and pronounced it an excellent collecting place. He
showed a collection of insects representing all orders and referred particularly
to those which were uncommon in this region.

Mr. Pollard exhibited a number of Catocala moths to show how success-
ful one may be in sugaring for these, and two large Bombycine moths which
he had bred from the pups. He remarked that all of his collecting had been
done locally.

Mr. Groth said that most of his collecting had l^een done in his back
yard with rather poor results, owing to the dry spell. He had particularly
noticed that the spiders were uncommonly numerous probably on account of the
drouth.

Mr. Hallinan exhibited some Panama beetles. He had collected some
about Erie, Pa. He also noticed during the past summer that the potato
beetles had turned their attention to the egg plants in preference to the
potato and had done considerable damage. He spoke of the seriousness of
the blight in Northwestern Pennsylvania. The San Jose scale which was
abundant there, attacked all other fruit trees except the sour cherries.

Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a branch of Rhododendron w^hich he had oli-
tained in Prospect Park, showing the workings of Scsia rhododendri de-
scribed by Mr. Beutenmuller. He remarked that the woodpeckers in searching
for the caterpillars of the Sesia did considerable damage to the plant. He
recommended the use of an application of tar in June as a possible prevention
to the emergence of the moths. Specimens of the adult insects and larv.ne
were shown.

Mr. Shoemaker spent three weeks in Washington, D. C, and had made a
dozen or more trips to various points on Long Island with good results.

Mr. Sherman collected also near Washington and with the aid of Mr.
Schwarz and Mr. Barber had been introduced to some good collecting terri-
tory. He gave a brief description of the locality.

Dr. Southwick had been engaged in combating insects in the City Parks
which had kept him busy, but he had continued to add to his collection of
food plants of insects, which he offered to donate to the society, if it could

Sept., 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 207

be properly cared for in the Museum. On motion of Mr. Dickerson the thanks
of the society were given to Dr. Southwick for the gift.

Mr. Dickerson exhibited a specimen of Leptiira bifora which he had
taken at Brookfield, Conn.

Mr. Dickerson remarked that the San Jose scale was not on the decrease
according to report. He spoke also concerning the seriousness of the depre-
dations of the elm leaf beetle and the problem of fighting it.

Mr. Angell had collected many Coleoptera along the beach at Lavalette,
N. J. . While walking along the shore he had seen many thousand specimens
of Harpalus caliginosus coming down to the drift line in search of the washed
up insects which he saw them seize and devour.

Mr. Comstock stated that he had specialized this summer in back yard
collecting and had seen 18 species of butterflies in his yard in Newark.

Mr. Osburn had gone to Europe expecting after completing his work at
the Naples Station to do some collecting, but was unexpectedly called home
and had only a short collecting trip to the Island of Capri which he briefly
described.

Society adjourned.

H. G. Barber,

Secretarx.

XH K

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. m., in the American Museum ok
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, ;^3.oo.

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Vol XIX.

No. 4.

J OU RN AL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H)evote^ to BntomolOQ^ in (Bcncral.

DECEMBER, 1911.

Edited by W. M. Wheeler.

Publication Cominittef.
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1911.

[ Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.] j

WCNlWIItAfmNT.,UNCAfiTe.R.F

COiVTEXTS.

Notes on Coleoptera Collected in Northern Georgia — II. By C. W. Len<; . . 209

Miscellaneous Notes on Collecting in Georgia. ISy Wm T. Davis 216

Psammocharidae : Classification and Descriptions. By Nathan I'.anks . . 219
A Contribution toward the Life History of Emphor bombiformis Cress. By

John A. Grossbeck 238

Descriptions of some New Fungus-growing Ants from Texas, with Mr. C. G.

Hartman's Observations on their Habits. By William Morton Wheelek. 245
A Quiescent Stage in the Development of Termes flavipes Kollar. By F. II.

Stricklan!) 256

Miscellaneous Notes 259

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society . . ... 263

Index to Volume XIX . ^ ... 271

vJOT-JRN A L

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JOURNAL

JOfId ]9QFh 6!n(onioIogirflI %nM^.

Vol. XIX. DECEMBER, 1911. No. 4.

NOTES ON COLEOPTERA COLLECTED IN
NORTHERN GEORGIA— II.

By C. W. Leng,

West New Brighton, N. Y.

During the last two weeks of July, 1910, Mr. William T. Davis
and the writer revisited Clayton, Ga., and continued the collections
recorded in this Journal, Vol. XVIII, p. 71. Our plan was to be on
the ground a month later than in the previous year so as to procure
the later species, in which we were successful, and to devote more
time to the valleys between the mountains on which we had spent our
days in 1909. Through the help of Mr. S. B. Ransom, we were also
able to collect for several days in the forest about Tuckalege Creek;
and, under the guidance of Mr. J. S. Bleckley, to reach the summit of
Rabun Bald, an elevation of about 4,800 feet.

The heavy rains, which occurred nearly every day in June, 1909,
were much less frequent in July, 1910, and their absence may have
contributed to our success in collecting Coleoptera. Of the species
found in 1909, about two-thirds were found again in 1910, and the
place of the missing species was taken by a somewhat greater number
of species not previously seen. Most of these have been identified
and the subjoined list covers 245 species additional to those found
on our first visit.

Concerning some of the species we found in 1909 and failed to
find in 1910, it may be said with reasonable certainty that the season
for many longicorns and click-beetles is over by mid-July. Thus we

209

210 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'o'- ^i^-

did not find in 1910 a single Michthysoma although we went several
times to the locality at which it had been plentiful and searched
diligently for it. Leptiira aiirafa, Corymbitcs ^-vittatiis and other
interesting species of the June fauna were similarly absent. The
total number of species of Cerambycidse caught in the two years was
70; of which 28 were found in both years, 28 in June, 1909 only, and
14 in July, 1910. Making some allowance for our failure to find
species that were actually present, it is still evident that June is the
season for Cerambycidse.

On the other hand the Chrysomelidse were apparently more abun-
dant, in July, 1910. 6t, species were found against 46 in the previous
year of which 27 were the same. Large additions were made in other
families feeding on leaves, so that the total number of species caught
in July, 1910, was finally greater than that recorded for June, 1909.

The result of haunting the valleys part of the time and particu-
larly the cultivated fields and creek bottoms was to add to the list
many southern species that were present in spite of the mountains
rather than on account of them. Thus Ptcrostichus acufus is a spe-
cies of the warm lowlands and we found it under stones beside a
brook in a sheltered pasture. Lcma solani was found in some num-
bers on Solannm nigrum at Tallulah Falls. Neither species would
be found on the mountain side.

Another result of hunting in the creek-bottoms was the finding of
a few Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidx in pools caused by the over-
flowing of the creeks after the heavy June rains. These have been
placed In Mr. Roberts' hands for identification.

The expedition to the summit of Rabun Bald was interesting but
not especially productive. That mountain is clothed to the top with
forest of the same general character as that found on the lower moun-
tains though rather stunted at the summit. We collected diligently
for three hours, beating, sweeping and sifting until driven out by a
thunder storm. The species we caught were practically the same as
those caught at lower levels, Cicindcla sexguttata, for instance, occur-
ring all the way up the mountain to the summit. We found a large
ant hill near the top of this mountain from which we obtained Cre-
mastochihis casfauccc, the identification being confirmed by Mr. Louis
H. Joutel, who has made a special study of this genus.

Adjoining Stekoa Creek are fields bordered with various bushes

Dec, I9II.] Leng: Coleoptera Collected in Georgia. 211

and in part, quite sandy. We found the collecting very good in these
fields and spent part of several days in sweeping the weeds and grasses
and in beating the bushes. In the sandy portion one day Mr. Davis
found an Amphicoma, buzzing as it flew much like a bee. The
locality is much further south than any given in Dr. Horn's paper on
the genus, but I learn that Mr. Schwarz has found it at Round Knob,
N. C. The species we found resembles vidpina closely.

In low ground near these fields we came upon a pond with a
growth of sedges in its shallower parts on which we found Donacia
suhtilis, apparently identical in every respect with our familiar Staten
Island Donacia of similar food plant. Mr. Davis, who captured nearly
all the specimens by wading in the pond, pronounced the food plant
a species of Sparganium.

Podahrus protensus was caught in June, 1909, as well as in July,
1910; the color of the elytra is very much paler in the June specimens.
Photiniis marginellns var. castns Lee. is also conspicuously pale but
apparently not on account of immaturity. We found no darker speci-
mens nor did we observe any variation in color.

Agrilus fuscipcnms, of which one specimen was found by Dr.
Love in 1909, was found by Mr. Davis by beating persimmon. It was
not abundant but what few were taken were on this tree which is
therefore probably its food plant.

Mr. Davis planted a number of traps, consisting of bottles baited
with molasses, beer, etc., the usual " sugar " mixture and caught a
large number of Carabidae in that way. The number of Carahus
limhatiis caught by these traps was surprising, the more so as search
in the usual hiding places failed to disclose any. For comparison we
put out a few traps baited with meat and caught in that way quite a
different set of species, including Silphidae, Onthophagiis and Aleo-
charini. Of the last named we also obtained a goodly number by
sifting and I am indebted to Dr. A. Fenyes for their identification.

Mr. E. A. Bischoff has also been good enough to go over all the
Rhyncophora we caught and his familiarity with the characters of the
species should ensure a high degree of accuracy in the names used.

Our labors in sifting did not produce the number of Pselaphidae
that we had hoped to find. Dr. Leconte's results in the nearby
Nakutshi Valley were much better, but it appears that he must have
been there in May. There may also be a considerable difference in

212 Journal New York Extomological Society. tVoi. xix.

the fauna though the locaHties are not far distant. The Nakutshi
Valley is drained by the Tallulah River, a larger stream than the
Stekoa Creek on whose borders we worked. In the Carabidae, for
instance, Dr. Leconte found Ptcrostichns mancus common while we
have not found it at all. He also found Cychrus violaccns for which
in fact the Nakutshi Valley is the type locality. Not a single speci-
men of this species rewarded our search until Mr. Ransom donated
one which however we found had been taken at Burton, Ga., ten
miles west and on the headwaters of the Tallulah. We found again a
goodly number of Cychrini, especially in the deeper valleys about
Tuckalege Creek, where they were hiding under the loose bark of
long dead, fallen trees, but the species were the same as those found
the previous year, and the fact seemed to be established that Cychrus
violaceus occurred in the valleys drained by the Tallulah but not in
those drained by Stekoa Creek.

We covered in our walks a great deal of the ground worked over
the previous year and especially Black Rock Mt., which being un-
burned and near the village was convenient for our purpose. We
found, however, that Pinnacle Mt., also near the village, was very
attractive to an entomologist. It rises to the same height as Black
Rock, about 3,700 feet, is in great part unburned and has on its
northern face extraordinary deep deposits of old leaves. The woods
at its base are deeper and more extensive and the route to it leads
through fields instead of by the road, so that the collecting is on the
whole more varied. This mountain culminates in a sharp rocky peak
from which a far reaching view of the surrounding country is to be
had. On its southern slope there is a deep and large ravine with
steep sides, dripping moisture into which we did not penetrate but
live in hopes that we may do so at some future trip. On the topo-
graphic map issued by the U. S. Geological Survey the name Pinnacle
is applied to the mountain locally known as Oakley Mt. The peak
we visited is much nearer to the town and is unnamed on the map
referred to.

The following is the list of additional species found in July, 1910.
those taken by Mr. Davis alone being marked (Ds.).

Dec. I9II-] Leng: Coleoptera Collected in Georgia.

213

List of Species.

Cychrits violaceiis Lee.
Clivina americana Dej. (Ds.).
Schisogenius planulalus Lee.
Pterostichiis acntus Lee.

sayi Brulle (Ds.).
Badister notatus Hald (Ds.).
Platynus 8-punctatus Fab. (Ds.).
Lebia viridis Say.

pumila Dej.
Dromius piceus Dej.
Plochionns timidus Hald.
Pinacodera limhata Dej.

platicoUis Say.
Apcnes sinuata Say.
Harpalus erythropiis Dej.

spadiceiis Dej.

vagans Lee.
Dineutes robertsi Leng.
Necrophorus americanus Oliv.

marginatus Fab.

orbicollis Say.
Silpha americana L.
Ptoiiiophagus consobrimis Lee.
Cyrtusa picipennis Lee.

egena Lee.
Tmesiphonis cosfalis Lee.
Myllana intermedia Er.
Bolitochara 3-maculata Er.
Aleochara brachyptera Fourc.

bipustiilata L,

dejecta Casey.

curtula Goeze var. Itistrica Say.
Zyras n. sp. (^de Fenyes).
Dinopsis americanus Kraatz.
Gyrophana vinula Er.

corruscula Er.

sp. ?
Hoplandria lateralis Mels.
Oxypoda sp. ?
Platandria sp. ?
Atheta picipennis Mann.

sp.
Acylophorus flavipes Lee. (Ds.).
Staphylinus fossator Grav. (Ds.).

femoratus Fab.

cinnamopterus Grav.
Stenus Virginia; Casey.
Philonthus apicalis Say.

Uctulus Say.

lomatiis Er.

asper Hn. (Ds.).
Gastrolobium bicolor Grav.
Apteraliuni Carolina Casey.
Stilicus opaculiis Lee.
Tachinus fumipennis Say.
Oxytelus insignis Grav. (Ds.).
Tachyporus nanus Er.

jocosus Say. (Ds.).
Boletobius cinctus Grav.
Scaphisoma convexa Say.
Scaphidium 4-guttatum Say.
Phalacrus politus Mels.
Olibrus pallipes Say.
Arthrolips margitiicollis Lee. (Ds.).
Hippodamia parenthesis Say.
Brachyacantha 4-punctata Mels.
Scymnris americanus Muls.

collaris Mels.

cervicalis Muls.

terminatns Say.

fraternus Lee.

tenebrosus Muls.
Megalodacne heros Say.
Tritoma f estiva Lae.

flavicollis Lee.
Pycnomerus snlcicollis Lee. (Ds.).
Silvanus planatns Germ.
Cucujus clavipes Fab.
Mycetophagns pnnctatus Say.

flexuosiis Say.

serrnlatus Casey.
Hister defectus Lee.

dispar Lee.

perplexus Lee.

exaratus Lee.

carolinus Payk.
Epieriis regiilaris Beauv.
Saprinns sp.

214

Journal Xew York Entomological Society. fVoL xix.

Carpophilns hrachypterus Say.
Phenolia grossa Fab. (Ds.).
Nitidula biptisttilata L.
Ips obtusiis Say. (Ds.).

fasciatus Oliv.
Cryplarcha ampla Er.
Cychramiis zimmermanni riorn (Ds.).
Corticaria sp.

Tenehrioidcs corticalis Mels.
Dryops lithophilus Germ.
Deltomctopits amwnicornis Say.

rufipes Mels. (Ds.).
Dronicroliis marseudi Bonv.
Nematodes atropos Say. (Ds.).
Alans myops Fab.

Monocrepidius vespertinns Fab. (Ds.).
Elater collaris Say.

militaris Harr. (Ds.).
Megapenthes granulosus Mels.

ritfilabris Germ. (Ds.).
Glyphonyx testaceus Mels (Ds.).
Melanotus comtminis Gyll.

fissilis Say.
Leptoschema discalceatum Say.
CEstodes tenuicollis Rand.
Asaphes hilobatus Say.
Cebrio blcolor Fab.
Drapetes geminatus Say. (Ds.).
Buprestis fasciata Fab.
Chrysobothris 6-signata Say.
Taphrocerus gracilis Say.
Eros tho'racicus Rand. (Ds.).

Pyropyga dccipicns Harr. (Ds.).
Pyractomena angulata Say. (Ds.).
Photinus marginellus var. castus Lee.
Tytthonyx erythrocephalus Fab.
Podabrus protensus Lee.
Telephonis lineola Fab.
Diteinniis bidentatus Say.
Malthodes concavus Lee.
Pseudobcriis oblitus Lee. (Ds.).
Thanasimus dubiiis Fab.
C/T^ra mixta Lee.
Petalium bistriatnm Say.
Eupactus nitidus Lee.
Trypopitys sericens Say.
Cccnocara bicolor Germ. (Ds.).
Platycenis quercus Web.
Onthophagus striatulus Beauv.
Odon ferns cornigerus Mels. (Ds.).
Dialytes striatulus Say.
Aphoditis fimetarius L.
stercorosus Mels.
Balboceras lacarns Fab.
Geotrupes balyi Jek. (Ds.).
Amphicoma vulpina Hentz.
Hoplia modesta Hald.
Serica gcorgiana n. sp.'
Lachnosterna grandis Smith.
Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv.
Xyloryctes satyrus Fab.
Strategns antccus Fab.
Euphoria fulgida Fab.
Cremastochilus castanecc Knoeh.

' SicRicA GF.OKGiANA n. sp. Oblong-ovatc, wider behind, especially in
female, ])iceo-testaceous above and beneath : clypeus closely, moderately
coarsely punctate, tumid or swollen, separated from the front by a transverse
groove which extends across the head in front of the eyes : front margin of
clypeus reflexed with an incision on each side : head and thorax finely, dis-
tantly punctate : elytra sulcate with confused punctures at bottom of each
sulcus ; beneath glabrous, finely distantly punctate. Penultimate ventral seg-
ment simply convex in female, impressed at middle of posterior margin in male
with a few wrinkles bn either side of the impression. Length 9 to 1 1 mm.

Described from four males and one female in my collection from the
vicinity of Clayton, Ga ; male and female from Highlands, N. C., are in Mr.
Frederick Blanchard's collection. Elevation 2.000 to 4,000 feet. Tune and
July.

Dec, I9II.] Leng: Coleoptera Collected in Georgia.

215

Trichiiis delta Forst.
Orthosoitia bnniiiciim Forst.
Prioniis imbviconiis Linn.
Phymatodes variabilis Fab.
Chion cinctus Drury (Ds.).
Eburia 4-geminata Say.
Romaleuni atomarium Drury (Ds.).
Batyle sutnralis Say. (Ds.).
Arhopalns fulminans Fab. (Ds.).
Strangalia bicolor Swed. (Ds.).
Typocerus lugubris Say.
Leptura emarginata Fab,

proxima Say.
Hyperplatys maculatns Hald.
Tetraopes canteriator Drap (Ds J.
Donacia snbtilis Kvmze.
Lema solani Fab.
Bassareus congesfus Fab.

forniosus Mels.
Cryptocephalus guttulatus Oliv.

4-guttatiis Suffr.

miitabilis Mels.

obsoletns Germ.

calidiis Suffr.
Pacliybrachys intricafiis Suffr.

carbonarius Hald.

infaiistus Hald.
Monachns afer Hald.
Diachus auratus Fab. (Ds.).
Glyptoscelis pubescens Fab,
Rhabdopterus picipes Oliv.
Typophorus canellus Fab. (Ds.).
Luperodes davisi Leng. (Ds.).
Trirhabda tomentosa Linn. (Ds.).
Galenicclla americana Fab.

notulafa Fab.
CEdionyclns thoracica Fab. (Ds.).

limbalis Mels.

vians 111. (Ds.).
Disonycha 5-vittata Say. (Ds.).
Lactica iris Oliv.
Systena el on gat a Fab,

marginalis 111. (Ds.).
Longitarsns testaceus Mels.
Epitrix fuscula Crotch' (Ds.).

cucumeris Harris (Ds.).

Chtrtocnenia confinis Cr, (Ds.).

denticulate 111.
Haltica chalybea 111. (Ds.).

aiiiwna Horn.
Odontota nervosa Panz.
Cassida bivittata Say. (Ds.).
Coptocycla purpurata Boh. (Ds.).
Bruchus scutellaris Fab.

nigrinus Horn.

alboscutellatus Horn.
Haplandrus femoratus Fab. (Ds.).

ater Lee. (Ds.).
Xylopinus cenesccns Lee. (Ds.).
Tenebrio castaneus Kn.
Alphitobius diaperinus Panz.
Melandrya striata Say.
Emniesa labiata Say.
Etistrophus repandns Horn,
Mordellistena bicinctella Lee.
Xylophilus notatus Lee. (Ds.).
Anthicus confinis Lee.
Pyrota germari Hald.
Nemognatha piezata Fab. (Ds.).
Rhipiphorus pectinatus Fab.

limbatus Fab.

diniidiatus Fab. (Ds.).
Myodites stylopides Newn.
Attelabus analis 111.
Pissodes deodara Hopk.
Pachylobius picivorus Germ.
Lixus scrobicollis Boh.
Otidocephalus scrobicollis Boh.

lavicollis Horn.
Tachypterus 4-gibbus Say.
Pachytichius discoideus Lee.
Anthonomtis sulcifrons Lee.

nitbilus Lee.
Prionomerus calceatus Say.
Conotrachelus albocinctus Lee.

posticatus Boh.
Acalles car in at us Lee.
Cceliodes nebulosus Lee.

acephalns Say.
Pelcnomus sulcicollis Lee.
Pseudobaris nigrina Say.

216 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'o'- ^i^-

angusta Lee. cited in the previous list (June,

Centrinus sctitellum-album Say. 19 lo) :

Sphenophorus pertinax Oliv. Dinentes vittatus,

Mycetophagus plurignttatus.
The following were erroneously Attelabiis nigripes.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COLLECTING IN
GEORGIA.^

By Wm. T. Davis,

New Brighton, Statex Island, N. Y.

As Mr. Charles W. Leng and I visited Clayton. Ga.. in 1910, about
a month later than in 1909, we had the pleasure of getting better ac-
quainted with some of the resident species of Cicadas, known quite
appropriately as "jar" or "July flies" by the natives. Cicada sayi
was quite common about the town and in all the cultivated tracts that
we visited. Teftigca hicroglypluca was still singing, but confined
more to the woodland, and a third species resembling Cicada lyricen,
which has since been named Cicada cngcUiardti, was found only in
the woodland. Attracted by the songs of this insect, we could with a
powerful glass see them in the trees, and note the black thorax with
prominent central fulvous spot. The distribution of Cicadas will yet
become as interesting a study as that of tiger beetles. Why Cicada
sayi should occur in considerable numbers about Clayton, Ga., and
be absent from parts of New Jersey, where it is generally quite com-
mon, is an interesting fact worthy of consideration.

Though we collected the same species of tiger beetles as we did
in 1909, they were not as numerous, owing to the lateness of the
season. The exception to this was Cicindela nnipuncfata, which was
quite plentifully distributed in the woods and along the wood paths.
The individuals that we have seen at Plainfield, Lakewood and Lake-
hurst in New Jersey, did not fly when disturbed, but at Clayton they
flew almost as well as the other native species. The most interesting
Cicindela observation was made on July 25, on the trail leading along
Tuckoluge Creek, where I saw a male Cicindela sexguttata apparently

'Continued from page 82, Vol. XVIII, 1910.

Dec, iQii.] Davis: Notes on Collecting in Georgia. 217

in copulation with a female Cicindela punctiilata. The pair were
promptly collected to avoid chances of error in regard to sex.

We set a great many trap jars baited with " sugar " mixture in the
woods, and as a result captured numerous ants and beetles and a great
many specimens of Ceuthophili. The latter have been identified with
reasonable certainty as Ceitthophihts lapidicola, Ceuthophilus uhleri
and Hadenoccus pufeanus. Among the beetles Carabus limbatus fell
into the traps in great numbers. Later, when they were examined, it
was found that there were 24 males and 49 females. A similar col-
lection of limbatus had been made in June in company with Mr.
Ernest Shoemaker, along the Potomac river near Washington, D. C,
and contained 22 males and 49 females. A comparison of these two
collections showed that the specimens from the mountains of Georgia
averaged smaller than those from further north. The length of the
elytra was measured with the result that Georgia specimens averaged
12.73 itirn., while those from along the Potomac averaged 13.67 mm.
There were many specimens with the elytra only 12 mm. in length in
the Georgia lot, while there was but one of that length among those
from the vicinity of Washington. Again there was none as long
as 15 mm. in the Georgia collection, while there were six of that
length among those from the Potomac. Carabus has its best and
greatest development in northern latitudes.

We found a pair of Canthon nigncornis rolling a sheep dropping,
and a Canthon chalcites in a decaying fungus. Fifty-eight specimens
of the larger Canthons were examined, and we might have inspected
several hundred, for they were very common. Of this number fifty-
seven were chalcites and only one Icevis. Last year Iccvis was in
greater proportion. In one spring there were four Canthon balls that
had been recently lost to their owners by rolling down hill into the
water.

Near the last of the month of July, while waiting for a train at
Cornelia, Ga., we rambled in a small woods and along a path
where there were some Cicindela ritfiventris. Here we also found
the excrement of some small mammal, probably a skunk or an opos-
sum, containing the wing covers and hard parts of a number of
insects. Li this excrement there were a number of Canthon viridis.
This was the first time we had found it feeding, for it usually occurs
on low vegetation or under loose material on the eround.

218 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

On July III saw a robber-fly capture a Cicindela scxguttafa on the
trail up the side of Black Rock Alt. When the beetle was secured the
fly did not alight immediately, but for a considerable time poised itself
in the air, evidently thus preventing the active beetle from getting
hold of any solid object with its legs. When the beetle was dead or
nearly so, the fly alighted quickly enough.

Along the same mountain path I found two burrows of the brightly
colored wasp Chlorion ichncumonea. I saw one of the wasps on the
I2th of July filling up her burrow, throwing in the dirt a little at
a time, and pounding it down with her head. While the pounding
was in progress she made a buzzing noise, which first attracted my
attention. Having finished off the surface like the surrounding
ground, she departed and I dug into the nest, finding a chamber three
fourths of an inch in diameter and two inches below the surface, con-
taining two large Atlanticus dorsalis and one smaller one. On July
15 an ichncumonea wasp was found at work filling in a burrow which
branched a little way down, each branch ending in a chamber six
inches below the surface. One of the chambers was stored with
five Atlanticus dorsalis, four large ones and one little one, while the
other held three large dorsalis, two females and a male. On Long
Island, N. Y., we have seen this species of wasp carrying a Cono-
cephalus triops to her burrow, so it makes use of various species of
Orthoptera as conditions dictate.

Experiments have shown that many insects do not get on very
well in the matter of flight when their antennae have been removed.
This does not appear to be true of some of the grasshoppers, for on
July II a large female Hippiscus was observed flying about very well
without antennae. Later I found a female Schistocerca amcricana
without antennae, and she also seemed none the worse for her loss
and flew in a normal manner.

The day we climbed Rabun Bald Mt. we were pleased to find
several nests of the mound building ant, Formica exscctoides. They
began to appear at about four thousand feet elevation, and some of
the nests were two and one half feet high. In one low mound, I
found the red exscctoides associated with the black Formica suh-
sericea. This was probably a new nest of exscctoides, started by
temporary parasitism in the manner pointed out by Professor W^heeler.
In Prince George Co., Md., exscctoides builds large mound nests on

Dec, I9II-] Banks: Psammocharid^. 219

ground less than 300 feet above the sea, and in New Jersey, west of

Matawan, there are several low nests about 100 feet above the sea.

This ant is not common in the low lands of New Jersey.

The beautiful Argynnis diana was flying at the time of our visit

to Clayton. Two females were seen and one of the many males was

captured, but they were usually in a great hurry.

As nearly all of the water is actively engaged in getting down hill
in the vicinity of Clayton, there are not many pond holes and swamps,
so we saw but few of the dragon flies that frequent such places.
Libellula flavida was quite common. Two Tachopteryx thoreyi were
seen along War Woman Creek on July 25, and one alighted on Mr.
Leng's light-colored shirt. Alighting on light-colored garments
appears to be a specialty with this large dragon fly, and we have
known them to act in this manner on several occasions. They have
also the habit of resting on the trunks of trees, where owing to their
gray color they can hardly be detected. From such a place of vantage
they sally forth after their unsuspecting victims.

PSAMMOCHARIDiE: CLASSIFICATION AND
DESCRIPTIONS.

By Nathan Banks,
East Falls Church, Va.

The PsammocharidEe are a family in the superfamily Scolioidea,
which includes also the Scoliidre, Thynnidse, Mutillidae, and Sapygidae.
The earlier writers on the family had no definite arrangement though
they erected a number of genera, most of the species being grouped in
five of these genera, Pompilus, Priocnemis, Pepsis, Agenia, and
Ceropales. Pompilus and Agenia are preoccupied, so other names
must replace them. A prime division was made on the number of
submarginal cells, and this character is still used in the latest (Ash-
mead) classification. I do not consider it of great value, indeed one
species has specimens with two cells in one wing and three in the
other, while other specimens have two or three in both wings.
Whether the hind tibiae were irregularly spined, serrately spined, or

220 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. f^"o'- ^i^-

unarmed was also a prime character with many writers. Various
species of Pseudagenia have distinct spines on the hind tibiae, and the
males of certain Priocnemis have the hind tibse almost mutic.

Thomson was the first to discover a really valuable character in
the furrow on the second ventral segment. This unfortunately breaks
down in the males of some Pseudagenia, but by using it in connec-
tion with a hitherto unmentioned venational character (as in the
following table) one may recognize two groups. Fox, and others,
laid much importance on the development of the labrum. In Nofo-
cyphus and Ceropalcs it is entirely exposed, but in many forms it is
more or less exposed, and in P. maura and P. mterrnpta it is usually
so much exposed that Ashmead put these in the group with Ceropales.
Mr. Rohwer informs me that Ashmead's type of Ageiuoxcnns is
merely a specimen of P. interrupfa.

Kohl made a classification of the family, dividing the Pompilns
group up into many sections, sometimes without names. One of his
main characters is the position of the origin of the cubitus in the
hind wing, whether before, interstitial with, or beyond the end of the
cell beneath. I doubt if this character is stable for the European
forms, but certainly when applied to our species it is full of pit-falls,
and should be used only in connection with other structures that may
check it.

Ashmead, with catholic liberality, accepted all the preceding classi-
fications and merged them into one, adopting in some sense nearly
all of the former genera and making numerous new ones. His greatest
mistakes were in trying to apply the character of the exposed labrum
in a strict sense, and in using Kohl's character of the position of
cubitus in the hind-wing for our American species. Many of his
genera represent natural groups, but his characters for them are often
inconstant or inapplicable. It is impossible to make a new classifica-
tion in a day, and in presenting that below I have used all that I
could find of value in previous systems and have had the fortune to
discover a few additional points that may be of use in arranging our
species.

Ashmead's genus PonipiUnus is a good one, when made to include
some other forms, but his distinguishing characters are not usable;
however, I find that this genus, and one or two allied ones, may be
separated by the absence of erect hair on the metanotum. I am not

^^c., I9I1.] Banks: Psammocharid.e. 221

certain as to the first generic name for this group, and used Ponipil-
oidcs Rad. Disregarding the number of submarginal cells (and one
species of this genus is variable in that character) the name, Aporiis,
would be available, and I presume, will be adopted, eventually. Ash-
mead's genus SpUopompUiis may be recognized by the vestiture of the
basal abdominal segment, it is the same as Episyron. Ashmead's
Bataaonus and P(XcilopompUus may together form another genus
based on an unused character. Arachnophroctonus Ashmead is
closely allied, but may be kept separate on other unused characters.
The absence or presence of spines on the under surface of the last
joint of the hind tarsi will distinguish the two groups of the old
Priocncniis, and the absence or presence of erect hair on the meta-
notum will divide the old Agcnia. The shape of the third submarg-
inal cell has often been used, and I have used it somewhat in the
table, but am aware that it breaks down in other groups, and may not
therefore be constant in those I have used. However, other char-
acters are used in connection with it. I know of no character to
separate the species considered as belonging to Mygnimia from the
large species of the old Priocnemis. Mr. Rohwer informs me that
the typical Mygnimia is very different from our species so placed,
therefore the genus may be valid, but our species belong with the
large species of Priocnemis in a group called Priocnemoides by
Radoszkowski. There may be an older name for this group. Under
Psammochares I have tabulated the groups that can be distinguished
by characters in the females; but until the males can also be dis-
tinguished I prefer to keep them all under the one name. Our P.
virginiensis is very close to the type of Anopliiis. P. illinoiscnsis will
also go in this section. Lophopompilns was made for large Psam-
mochares with an excised clypeus. I have not seen the genotype, but
if not congeneric with our P. ccthiops then Ashmead's Pompilogastra
is available. The type of Caliciirgus is extremely close to our Prioc-
nemis alienatus, but the character used for the genus is not constant
in the two European specimens I have, nor in our species, therefore I
do not use the name. The type of Aporus is structurally close to
P. marginatus, it is not closely related to the species placed in this
country in Aporus, therefore I make a new name for our species. I
have not seen the type of Agenia, but some species have the metanotum
hairy as in Psendagcnia. Agcnia is preoccupied in the Hemiptera, and

222 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'o'- ^i^-

I make a new name for our species without hairs on the metanotum,
not knowing whether it will include the typical Agcnia or not. The
type of Melanaporus Ashm. is a two-celled form of P. argcnteus or
a close ally.

Table of Subfamilies.

1. Claws of hind tarsi bent at right angle; antennse situate considerably above

the clypeus ; labrum exserted for its entire length ; metanotum at base

bilobed, the spiracle in a depression opening forward Ceropalin<E.

Claws not bent at right angle; spiracles not in such a depression 2

2. Metanotum flat above, not bilobed at base, the spiracles situate nearly twice

their length from the anterior margin of metanotum ; labrum exserted for

its entire length; no spines under last joint of hind tdirsi. . . .Notocyphina.

The spiracles not much more than their length from the anterior margin of

metanotum ; labrum never more than partially exserted 3

3. A transverse furrow on the second ventral segment (absent in some males) ;

in the fore-wings the second discoidal cell at base is right-angled, and with-
out a distinct pocket Pepsince.

No such furrow on the second ventral segment ; in fore-wings the second
discoidal cell has a small pocket at base ; the hind tibiae never serrate,

always more or less irregularly spined Psainmocharina:.

The Ceropalinas has, in our fauna, but one genus — Ceropales.

The Notocyphinse include two genera :
I. With a distinct malar space between eyes and base of mandibles ; male
antennje crenulate below ; labrum broader than long ; hind tibiae

spined AUocyphonyx.

Without a malar space : male antennae not crenulate ; hind tibis barely
spined ; labrum longer than broad Notocyphus.

The Pepsinae include several genera, some of which may be divided.

1. Hind tibiae without spines or only very weak ones, never serrate; in hind-

wings the transverse median vein ends before the cubitus ; male often with-
out ventral furrow, last tarsal joint without spines beneath or few very

weak ones (Ageniellini) 2

Hind tibiae more or less serrately spined, if (J') nearly smooth, then the
transverse median vein of hind-wings is not before cubitus (Pepsini) . . . 3

2. Metanotum with erect hair above ; . . .Pseudagetiia.

Metanotum without erect hair above.

AgenieUa n. gen. (type, Agenia accepta Cr.).

3. Wings rudimentary Myrmecosalius.

Wings well developed 4

4. Last joint of hind tarsus without spines beneath ; in the hind-wings the

transverse median vein ends before or at the cubitus Cryptocheiliis.

Dec, igii.] Banks: Psammocharid^. 223

Last joint of hind tarsus distinctly spined beneath ; in hind-wings the

transverse median vein ends at or beyond the cubitus 5

5. In fore-wings the first recurrent vein meets the second submarginal cell
at the basal third ; in hind-wings the transverse median vein is farther
beyond the cubitus than the width of the cell; last joint of hind tarsi

about twice as long as the penultimate Pepsis.

In fore-wings the first recurrent vein ends beyond the basal third of the
second submarginal cell; the last joint of hind tarsi is not twice as long
as the penultimate Priocnemoidcs.

The Psammocharinre include a number of generic groups the principal of
which can be separated by the following table. There are other sections which
further study will doubtless show to be valid.

1. Pronotum longer than mesonotum, nearly fiat above, scarcely arched longi-

tudinally, last joint of hind tarsi without spines beneath; tarsi I of female

without comb ; no erect hair on the metanotum 2

Pronotum shorter than mesonotum, plainly arched longitudinally 3

2. With two submarginal cells Platiiceps.

With three submarginal cells Pedinaspis.

3. Basal abdominal segment with appressed pubescence, different from that on

the following segments ; pronotum with the posterior margin membranous

and often white ; third cell as broad as long Episyron.

Basal segment of abdomen not with pubescence different from the following
segments 4

4. No erect hair on the metanotum above, only pubescence 5

Erect hair on the metanotum above 8

5. Metanotum produced angularly at the posterior corners ; but two submar-

ginal cells Aporinellns n. gen. (type, Aporus fasciatus Sm.).

Metanotum not produced angularly behind ; usually three submarginal
cells 6

6. Metanotum transversely striate ; marginal cell as long as distance to

tip ; third cell long, and wide above.

Ridestus n. gen. (type, Psammochares transversalis Bks.).
Metanotum not transversely striate 7

7. Marginal cell long, hardly its length from tip of wing ; third submarginal

cell wide above ; basal vein of fore-wings interstitial with the trans-
verse Sericopompilus.

Marginal cell short, subtriangular, much more than its length from tip of
wing ; third submarginal cell much narrowed, triangular, or petiolate above ;
basal vein usually a little before the transverse Pompiloides.

8. A short longitudinal impressed line or groove on posterior part of the

pronotum ; head nearly or fully as broad as long ; not wholly black

species 9

No such impressed line or groove on the pronotum ; often wholly black.

Psaniniochares.

224 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [\oi. xix.

9. Metanotum distinctly grooved at 1:)ase ; upper margin of clypeus nearly

evenly convex Arachnophroctonns.

Metanotum not grooved at base ; upper margin of clypeus sinuate or
zigzag Batazonus.

The groui)s or subgenera of Psauiinocharcs distinguishable in the female
only are as follows :

I. Clypeus plainly emarginate in middle LophopompUus {(cthiops, atrox).

Clypeus not more than evenly concave 2

2. No distinct tarsal comb ■inoplius {iUinoisensis, virginiensis).

A distinct tarsal comb 3

3. Third joint of antennae very short; hardly longer than first.

Sophropompilus (ingeiiuus).
Third joint of antenna; much longer than first Psaiiimochares.

The discovery of additional characters will douljtless raise these to generic
ranks.

Pompilogastra equals Loplwpompilns. and Pycnopompiliis equals Psammo-
chares.

Psammochares ithaca, new species.

Female. — Clypeus slightly hairy, rather rounded in front, antennae slender,
but not very long, the basal joint not hairy, the third much longer than first,
but second plus third hardly as long as width of vertex, the short furrow above
antennse does not reach ocelli, anterior ocellus not more than diameter from
laterals, and these about as near to each other as to eyes ; vertex straight across,
with long erect hair, as also on the face; pronotum angulate behind, metanotum
short, rounded, with a broad deep median furrow, slightly hairy above, more
dense on sides ; abdomen not flattened, bristly at tip. and ventral segments with
a few hairs on each ; legs long, the tarsi long and slender, no distinct comb on
anterior tarsus, the spines short and straight, the long spur on hind tibia
hardly more than one-half the metatarsus; spines beneath last joint of hind
tarsi, claws long, with tooth, almost cleft. Wings black, paler on basal part,
but not as much difference as in P. virginiensis, second submarginal quadrate,
receiving the first recurrent vein near tip, third submarginal as large, but
narrowed above, receiving the second recurrent a trifle beyond the middle, this
vein arising from beyond middle of anal cell, basal veins interstitial, in hind
wings the cubitus is interstitial with end of the cell. Color wholly black ;
belongs to section of Anoplius.

Expanse 16 mm.

From Ithaca, N. Y., early July; related to P. virginiensis but dis-
tinct by grooved metanotum.

Psammochares bellicosus, new species.

Male. — Black, iridescent blue and purple, a patch of silvery each side
between antennae and eyes. Clypeus truncate below, only a little hairy ;

Dec, I9II.] Banks: Psammocharid^. 225

antenn.-E moderately stout, third joint fully as long as the first ; a line to
anterior ocellus, this not much more than diameter from the laterals, and these
a little nearer to each other than to eyes ; vertex slightly rounded, face pnd
vertex long-haired ; pronotum with only a few hairs, arcuate behind metavKAxjm
with short hairs, quite suddenly declivous behind ; abdomen rather broad,
depressed, last segment dull black, others iridescent, venter with few hairs ;
legs strongly spined, long spur of hind tibia two-thirds of the metatarsus, no
spines below on last joint of hind tarsus, nor other tarsi. Wings deep black,
iridescent ; second submarginal cell a little longer than broad, receiving the
first recurrent vein close to tip ; third submarginal cell broader than long,
narrowed above, receiving the second recurrent at middle, this vein arising
from beyond middle of the anal cell ; basal vein interstitial with the trans-
verse ; in hind-wings the cubitus is interstitial with the end of the cell.
Length 15 mm.

From Palmerlee, Arizona, Sept. (Biederman).

Psammochares gracilicornis, new name.

A new name for the Ps. tcuiiiconiis Bks.. which I find is preoccu-
pied by Tournier in 1889.

Psammochares astur, new species.

Female. — Black ; clypeus short-haired, bristles very distinct, lower margin
truncate; antennae moderately slender, basal joint not hairy, third joint very
long, second plus third as long as vertex width, a line to anterior ocellus, this
scarcely more than diameter from laterals, and these nearer to eyes than to
each other ; vertex straight ; head above the antennje with long hair, face and
especially vertex very narrow ; pronotum plainly angulate Ijehind ; metanotum
sloping, long-haired all over, with a median groove ; abdomen dull black, basal
segment hairy at base, apical segment finely hairy, ventral segments with a few
hairs before tips ; legs slender, very fine short hairs on femora, spines strong,
tarsal comb long, long spur of hind tibia nearly two-thirds of the metatarsus,
spines below last joint of hind tarsus ; claws with rather small tooth. Wings
black, rather darker on tip, second submarginal cell longer than broad, receiving
the first recurrent vein much beyond the middle, third submarginal cell about
as long as second, and only a little narrowed above, receiving the second
recurrent vein before middle, this vein arising from beyond middle of anal cell ;
basal vein before or interstitial with the transverse ; in hind-wings the cubitus
interstitial with end of the cell.

Length 15 mm.

From Great Falls, Md., 12 July, Falls Church, Va., Sept. and
Oct., and Waldoboro, Me.

Has a narrower face than Ps. rclatizms, and more angulate pro-
notum.

2'2G Journal Xew York Entomological Society. ['^"°1- -^i^-

Pompiloides moestus, new species.

Female. — Deep dull black, not silvery sericeous ; clypeus truncate in front,
rather brown pubescent, not hairy but with the four bristles large and erect,
antennae rather slender, third joint much longer than the first, the first not
hairy, a groove to the anterior ocellus, this about twice its diameter from the
rather smaller laterals, these plainly nearer to eyes than to each other, vertex
straight across, head above antennas with some long hair, the inner orbits
slightly, evenly concave ; pronotum quite long, angulate behind ; metanotum
short evenly rounded, with a median furrow, and a faint pit each side behind,
abdomen rather broad at base, depressed on basal part, compressed near tip,
hairy at tip, and a row of hairs on each ventral segment ; anterior tarsus with
the spines short and straight, but little longer than the width of joint, not
forming a comb ; long spur of hind tibia more than one-half of metatarsus ;
last joint of hind tarsus with spines beneath ; legs with moderate spines, those
on hind metatarsi rather longer than width of joint. Wings fuscous, much
darker on tips, the hind pair plainly pale on basal half, marginal cell short,
second submarginal as broad as long, third subtriangular or slightly petiolate,
receiving the second recurrent beyond the middle, and this vein arising before
the middle of anal cell, transverse median vein beyond the basal ; in hind wings
the cubitus is interstitial with end of cell.

Expanse 13 to 20 mm.

From Fedor, Lee Co., Texas (Birkmann).

Pompiloides rufibasis, new species.

Female. — Black, first and second abdominal segments partly red. Clypeus
broad, truncate below, no bristles visible ; antenna short, no hairs on basal
joint, third joint scarcely longer than the first, no line to anterior ocellus, this
about two diameters from the laterals, and these nearer to each other than to
the eyes ; vertex rounded, slightly hairy, but face only pubescent ; pronotum
scarcely arcuate, nearly transverse behind ; metanotum short, rounded, seri-
ceous, with distinct median line ; abdomen moderately broad, apical part of
first segment and basal half of the second red, hardly as much below, apical
segment hairy below ; legs slender, well spined, tarsal comb with spines longer
than width of joint, long spur of hind tibia hardly two-thirds of the metatarsus.
Fore-wings black, hind-wings dusky ; second submarginal cell square, third as
large, but little narrowed above, first recurrent beyond middle of second marginal
cell, second recurrent arising from middle of anal cell, meeting third sub-
marginal at middle ; basal veins scarcely interstitial.

Length 6 mm.

From Ithaca, N. Y., early July.

Pompiloides insolens, new species.

Male. — Black ; clypeus and face each side by eyes silvery, metanotum
sericeous. Clypeus broad, truncate below, bristles not distinct ; antennas short,
basal joint without hair, a line to anterior ocellus, this scarcely more than

Dec, I9II.] Banks: Psammocharid.e. 227

diameter from the laterals, and these closer to eyes than to each other; vertex
straight, face rather long, short-haired ; pronotum angulate behind ; metanotum
long, with distinct median groove ; abdomen depressed, elongate, last segment
rather broad at tip, no brushes of hair on venter ; legs very slender, weakly
spined, long spur of hind tibia nearly three fourths of metatarsus; wings
rather pale, but black beyond cells, second submarginal with oblique sides,
third triangular, receiving the second recurrent beyond middle, this vein very
oblique, and arising before middle of anal cell.
Length 8 mm.

From Black Mt., N. Car., May; Chain Bridge, and Great Falls,
Va., June.

Larger than P. cyUndricus, with distinct groove on metanotum,
and larger ocelli.

Pompiloides minora, new species.

Fcnicile. — Deep black, clypeus slightly silvery. Clypeus broad, truncate
below, bristles very weak or absent; antennae short, no hairs on basal joint,
third joint very short, not longer than first, not one half the width of vertex,
no distinct line to anterior ocellus, this fully twice its diameter from the
laterals, these as far from eyes as from each other ; vertex slightly convex ;
head hairy ; pronotum arcuate behind ; metanotum short and broad, no distinct
median line ; abdomen shining above, last segment hairy ; legs moderately
spined, spines of tarsal comb one and one half the width of joint, long spur of
hind tibia two thirds of metatarsus ; wings uniformly black, second submarginal
square, third triangular, receiving the second recurrent beyond middle, this
vein arising from about middle of anal cell.

Length 6 mm.

From Falls Church, Va., 2 Aug., and Southern Pines, N. Car.',
8 July (Manee). Distinct from the female of P. cyUndricus by the
very short third joint of antennae.

Pompiloides parvulus, new species.

Female. — Black ; only slightly silvery on the clypeus and metanotum ; man-
dibles reddish in the middle ; wings black, usually darker on tip than else-
where. Antennae rather short, but slender, the third joint fully three times as
long as broad, and a little longer than the fourth joint; a line up to anterior
ocellus, this a little more than diameter from the equal hind ocelli, the latter
nearly as close to each other as to the eyes ; face about as broad above as
below, vertex slightly convex ; pronotum distinctly angulate behind, metanotum
sloping, with a median furrow ; abdomen not much longer than thorax, cylin-
drical, hairy near tip ; legs distinctly spined, but spines on the hind tibia are
not as long as width of the joint ; long spur of hind tibia reaching a little beyond
middle of the metatarsus ; tarsus I with usual comb of short spines. Wings
with second and third submarginal cells subequal (or even third smaller),
both subtriangular ; marginal cell short, oblique at tip ; first recurrent meets

228 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. C^o'- ^I-^-

second submarginal near tip, second recurrent arises scarcely its length out on
anal cell and curves up, meeting third submarginal before the middle.

Male. — Similar ; more slender, heavier antennae, and long spur of hind
tibia is about three fourths the length of metatarsus.

Length 4.5 to 6 mm.

From Boulder and Florissant, Colo., in April, May, June and July
(Rohwcr) ; type in National Museum, cotype in coll. Banks.

Pompiloides consimilis, new species.

Perhai)s but a variety of P. parvulns ; is rather larger, has stouter antennae,
the third joint not three times as long as broad, the pronotum less distinctly
angulate behind; the abdomen a little longer; the venation similar, but the
second recurrent vein arises much more than its length out on the anal cell, so
that the cell before it is much longer than in P. parvulus.

From Florissant, Colo., June and July (Rohwer) ; type in National
Museum, cotype in coll. Banks.

Sericopompilus plutonis, new species.

Male. — Dull black, rather brown pubescent in part ; clypeus brown pubes-
cent, slightly concave in front, no bristles nor hair ; antennae long and slender,
third joint much longer than the first, latter without hair ; very distinct groove
to front ocellus, latter one and one half diameter from' equal laterals, latter
plainly nearer to eyes than to each other, vertex straight across, inner orbits
distinctly concave above, straight beneath, face just above antennae and the
vertex with few erect hairs ; pronotum angulate behind, metanotum rather long,
nearly flat above, evenly rounded behind, no distinct median groove ; abdomen
depressed throughout, ventral segments with preapical row of hairs, legs long,
tarsi long and slender, long spine on hind tarsi nearly two thirds as long as the
metatarsus, spines on metatarsus not as long as width of that joint. Wings
(both pairs) black, not darker at tips ; second submarginal cell longer than
broad, third narrowed above, but not triangular, receiving the second recurrent
vein beyond the middle, this vein arising from middle of anal cell, the basal
veins interstitial, in hind-wings the cubital arises much before the end of the
cell.

Expanse 18 mm.

From Fedor, Lee Co., Texas (Birkmann).

T.MiLP: OF Sericopompilus.

1. Wings all black; no white mark on hind tibiae, body wholly black. . .plutonis.
Wings black only at tip, or near there 2

2. Hind tibiae white at base above 4

Hind tibiae not white at base above 3

3. Long spur of hind tibiae three fourths of metatarsus; no white at tip of

abdomen hirkinanni.

Dec, I91I-] Banks: Psammocharid.e. 229

Long spur of hind tibia not three fourths of metatarsus ; white at tip of
abdomen biedennani.

4. Middle and hind tarsi marked with white, wings black at tips only 5

Middle and hind tarsi all black, no red on abdomen, wings dark below

stigma, and also near tip huniilis.

5. Basal joint of middle and hind tarsi mostly white ; no red on abdomen.

posticatus.

Basal joint of middle and hind tarsi black ; red on second segment of

abdomen cinctipes.

Episyron atrytone, new species.

Female. — Black, clypeus densely hairy, slightly rounded below, the margin
smooth; antennae with basal joint hairy; third joint about twice the length of
first, second plus third longer than vertex width ; no groove to anterior ocellus,
this a little more than diameter from laterals, these nearer to eyes than to each
other, vertex rounded, head very hairy ; pronotum angulate behind, with appressed
pubescence and long hair ; metanotum rather flat, densely scaly pubescent behind,
and hairy all over; basal joint of abdomen with appressed scaly pubescence and
long hair, last segment hairy ; legs strongly spined, comb of tarsus with spines
extremely long, those on second and third tarsal joints longer than joint itself;
long spur on hind tibia over two thirds of metatarsus, the spines on metatarsus,
much longer than the width of the joint, spines below last joint of hind tarsi,,
claws nearly cleft, with a long sloping tooth. Wings dtisky, but black at tip ;
second submarginal one and one half times as long as broad, receiving the first
recurrent vein beyond the middle, third submarginal as broad as long, narrowed
above, the second recurrent arising beyond middle of anal cell and meeting the
third submarginal at middle, the marginal cell acute, not much more than its
length from tip of the wing, basal vein interstitial with the transverse ; in hind
wings the cubitus arises before end of the cell.

Length 12 to 15 mmi.

From Fedor, Lee Co., Texas, April (Birkmann).

Table of Episyron.

1. Hind legs partly reddish 2

Hind legs mostly black, not at all red 3

2. A transverse white spot at tip of the mesonotum poms.

No such spot posterns.

3. Hind tibise with white spot at base 4

No such spot 7

4. Spurs white, body partly sericeous, wings black only at tips, sometimes white

spots on third segment of abdomen snowi.

Spurs black 5

5. An apical white spot on abdomen, as well as others, wings pale except

(^jp 5-notatus.

No apical white spot "

230 JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society. t^'"'- ^i^-

6. Wings blackish all over, third segment with a pair of white spots ; larger

species biguttatus.

Wings black at tip only ; no white spots on abdomen ; small species.

californicus.
•J. Second and third joint of antenna: as long as vertex width ; head long-
haired atrytone.

Second and third joint of antennae not as long as vertex width ; head short
haired; clypeus and basal joint of antennae scarcely hairy maneei.

Aporinellus rufus, new species.

Female. — Reddish throughout, except black head, and the antenna beyond
the second joint; clypeus reddish; wings blackish at tip. Face below, posterior
margin of pronotum, and the first three abdominal segments at tip more or less
distinctly silvery. Antennae rather short, third joint scarcely, if any, longer
than the fourth ; clypeus truncate at tip ; posterior ocelli a little nearer to the
eyes than to each other ; longer spur of hind tibia two thirds as long as the
metatarsus ; second submarginal cell of fore-wing scarcely any longer than
broad.

Length s to 6 mm.

From Boulder, 30 May, i June, and Florissant, 19 June, Colorado
(Rohwer coll.) ; type in National Museum, cotype in coll. Banks.

Aporinellus laticeps, new species.

Female. — Colored as A. fasciatus, the segments of abdomen fasciate w'ith
silvery pubescence ; fore-wings blackish at tips, fumose elsewhere ; mandibles
reddish near tips. Clypeus truncate in front ; antennae rather short, but the
third joint is a little longer than the fourth, face plainly broader above than
below ; ocelli small and wide apart, the anterior ocellus fully three times its
diameter from the lateral ocelli, and these are nearer to the eyes than to each
other, longer spur on hind tibia fully two thirds of the metatarsus ; second sub-
marginal cell fully twice as long as broad, the second recurrent vein plainly
before tip of cell.

Length 8 mm.

Similar to A. fasciatus, but the noticeably wider vertex, and much
broader ocellar triangle distinguishes it.

From Boulder, Colo., Sept. (Rohwer) ; type in National Museum,
cotype in coll. Banks.

Table of Aporinellus.

1. Thorax and abdomen reddish, head and most of antenn;e black rufus.

Thorax and abdomen black 2

2. Most of hind legs reddish ferrugineipes.

All legs black 3

3. Body not much sericeous, fourth segment of abdomen hardly sericeous at

tip ; wings nearly uniform blackish apicatus.

Dec, I9II.] Banks: PsammocharidvE. < 231

Body strongly sericeous, fourth segment of abdomen broadly sericeous. .. .4

4. Vertex broader than face below laticeps.

Vertex narrower than face below fasciatus.

Pedinaspis.

Pronotum long, flat, barely arched ; with three submarginal cells, second
and third each receiving a recurrent vein ; basal veins interstitial with the
transverse, in hind-wings the cubitus always arises beyond the end of the cell ;
coxae I not reaching to coxae II ; no spines under last joint of hind tarsi.

It would probably be better to include in Pedinaspis those species
of Planiceps in which the second submarginal cell receives but one
recurrent vein, thus restricting Planiceps to those species in which this
cell receives both recurrent veins.

P. Iccvifrons on account of having the ocelli placed so low on the
face may form a new subgenus ; it also has the transverse vein in fore-
wings sloping backward.

Psorthaspis n. subgen. — type, Parapompilus Iccvifrons Cress.

Table of Pedinaspis.

1. Wings banded 2

Wings not banded 4

2. First segment of abdomen black, second black with two yellowish spots, and

third with basal pale band luctiiosus.

First and second segments mostly yellowish 3

3. Tip of abdomen pale legatus.

Tip of abdomen black maricr.

4. Abdomen wholly black 5

Abdomen more or less reddish 9

5. Wings wholly pale, apical part of abdomen with short, dense white

hair magniis.

Wings more or less black 6

6. Metanotum transversely wrinkled behind; abdomen purplish planahts.

Metanotum not wrinkled 7

7. Wings deep black ; metanotum not much excavate behind, and not pubes-

cent 8

Wings less black ; metanotum strongly excavate behind, and white pubes-
cent australis.

8. Head smooth ; anterior ocellus about as near to antennae as to vertex

ridge Iccvifrons.

Head roughened with lines, ocelli about as high as usual vicinus,

9. Thorax reddish sanguineus.

Thorax blackish te.vanus.

232 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

Pseudagenia coerulescens Dahlb.

Female. — Head and thorax bluish black, clothed with silvery pubescence ;
clypeus mostly pale yellowish, but upper part dark, rather strongly rounded out
on the lower margin ; antennae pale reddish brown, second joint darker, third
joint a little longer than first, a faint line from antennje to anterior ocellus,
latter scarcely more than diameter from the laterals, these a little nearer to
each other than to the eyes, vertex slightly rounded, front and vertex with
rather long hair ; pronotum arcuate behind ; metanotum rather short, evenly
rounded, no impressed median line, posterior sides heavily white pubescent,
dorsum clothed with fine white erect hair ; coxre bluish, femora reddish, rest of
legs brownish or nearly black, spurs brown, long one on hind tibia one half
the length of metatarsus ; abdomen dull black, hairy at tip, last segment with
elongate, basally rounded, shining pygidial area. Wings nearly hyaline, scarcely
smoky, not darker at tip, third submarginal cell longer than the second, and
broad at tip, receiving the second recurrent before the middle, this vein arising
very much beyond the middle of anal cell, basal veins interstitial ; in hind
wings the cubital arises beyond the cell.

Length 8.5 mm.

Fedor, Lee Co., Texas (Birkmann).

A male, which appears to belong here, has the face below antennai
pale yellow, except a median dark spot on clypeus ; the antennae are
dark above and paler beneath, anterior legs are all pale yellowish
brown, mid legs all except coxae, but rather darker on tarsi, the hind
femora pale, the long spur reaching beyond middle of metatarsus.

Pseudagenia feroculis, new species.

Male. — Black throughout. Clypeus broad, truncate below, margin elevated ;
antenna; moderately stout, no line to anterior ocellus, this scarcely more than
diameter from laterals, these as near eyes as to each other ; vertex rounded,
head very broad ; pronotum arcuate behind ; metanotum short, broad, rounded,
finely punctate, with a median groove ; abdomen dull black, quite long, apical
segment broad, long-haired below ; head, thorax, abdomen and coxae densely
black-haired, also some on the femora, long spur of the hind tibia scarcely one
half of metatarsus. Both pairs of wings deep black, second submarginal
square, receiving the first recurrent near the middle ; third submarginal much
longer than second, the second recurrent vein arising at outer third of anal cell,
meeting the third submarginal before middle, the basal vein rounded at base,
and before the transverse vein ; in hind wing the cubitus is interstitial with end
of cell.

Length 13 mm.

From Coryell Co., Texas, May (Birkmann).

Pseudagenia nigrella, new species.

Female. — Black ; clypeus and lower part of face, and the metanotum with
white pubescence, and white hair. Abdomen shining, apical segment hairy.

Dec, igii.] Banks: Psammocharid^. 233

Clypeus rounded below ; second plus third joint of the antenna scarcely more
than two thirds of the vertex width ; no line to anterior ocellus, this over diam-
eter from the laterals, these much nearer to each other than to the eyes ; vertex
slightly rounded : pronotum angulate behind ; metanotum sloping, no median
groove ; legs slender, long spur of hind tibia almost one half of metatarsus ;
wings nearly hyaline, hardly darker at tips ; second submarginal longer than
broad, receiving the first recurrent at middle ; third submarginal longer than
second, wide at tip. narrowed above, receiving the second recurrent before
middle, this vein arising beyond middle of anal cell ; basal vein a little before
the transverse ; in hind-wings the cubitus arises beyond end of the cell.
Length 6 to 7 mm.

From Great Falls, Va., 18 June, and Black Mountain, N. Car.,
May.

Pseudagenia mexicana var. flavicoxa, new var.

Differs from typical mexicana in having the coxae and antennas yellowish,
only last joint of tarsi brown; teguke yellowish. The long spur of hind tibia
is a little longer than in the typical form.
Palmerlee, Arizona, June.

Pseudagenia mellipes var. adjuncta, new var.
Like mellipes, but with the coxae also yellow.
From Texas and Virginia.

Pseudagenia mellipes var. interior, new var.

Like mellipes, but the hind tibiae have a black line on inner side, and the
antennae are yellowish.

From Southern Pines, N. Car.

Ageniella annecta, new species.

Female. — Similar in size and structure to A. blaisdelli, but color entirely
black. Clypeus rounded below, with bristles and hair; no hair on basal joint of
antennae, third joint very long, second plus third fully as long as vertex width,
line not reaching anterior ocellus, this its diameter from the rather smaller
laterals, these nearer to eyes than to each other, vertex scarcely rounded ; pro-
notum angulate behind ; metanotum long, sloping, sericeous, not hairy, no
median groove ; abdomen with last two segments above and three below quite
hairy ; legs long, the tibiae distinctly spined ; long spur of hind tibiae not one
half of the metatarsus. Wings blackish, third submarginal cell much longer
than broad, receiving the first recurrent toward tip, third submarginal as long
as second, narrowed above, receiving the second recurrent before middle ; this
vein arising from outer third of anal cell ; basal veins rounded at base, much
before the transverse ; in the hind-wings the cubitus arises beyond the end
of the cell.

Length 12 mm.

From Falls Church, Va., 14 June, on Ceanothus.

234 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [^'°1- ^i^-

Table of Ageniella.

1. White marks on the pronotum ; legs pale, spurs white calcarata.

No white marks on pronotum 2

2. Body all reddish 3

Body not all reddish 4

3. Wings pale, banded with dark accepta.

Wings all dark blaisdclU.

4. Abdomen with more or less red : spurs white 5

No red on abdomen 8

5. Hind legs mostly yellowish 6

Hind legs black 7

6. Abdomen all reddish ; antennte all black ; wings smoky.

{riifigaster)^ congnia.

Abdomen black on last few segments ; basal joint of antennae yellowish ;

wings hyaline, with black tip apicipennis.

7. Tibise and tarsi I yellowish ; third cell short, angular on middle

behind pcrfccta.

Tibiae and tarsi I black; third cell long, outer side oblique birkmanni.

8. Hind legs mostly yellowish 9

Hind legs black ... 10

9. Third cell short, outer side rounded ; spurs yellowish externa.

Third cell long, outer side oblique ; spurs brown texana.

1 0. Spurs whitish 11

Spurs blackish 12

11. Basal vein very much before the transverse; anterior tarsi pale. iridipennis.
Basal vein nearly interstitial with the transverse ; anterior tarsi black.

virginica.

12. Third cell shorter than broad, outer side rounded, very small species.. ..13
Third cell longer than broad 14

13. All tarsi pale, except last joint; wings faintly marked in m\d<\\e . . . .brevis.
Tarsi black ; wings uniformly blackish atrata.

14. Basal vein interstitial with transverse: third cell not very long: (^ abdomen

petiolate 15

Basal vein much before transverse : second and third cells very long ;
wings black ; large species 1 6

15. Wings pale, tip dark ; tibiae I yellowish petiolata.

Wings dark, darker on tip; tibiae I scarcely yellowish euphorbicef

16. Bluish species ; abdomen shining cupida.

Black species ; abdomen dull annccta.

Cryptocheilus incitus, new species.

Female. — Black, body silvery sericeous. Clypeus hairy, truncate in front;
antenn.x slender, basal joint without hair, third very much longer than first,
line above does not reach anterior ocellus, this is nearly twice its diameter
from the laterals, and these full as near eyes as to each other ; vertex slightly
rounded, with a few long, erect hairs ; pronotum angulate behind ; mesonotum

Dec, I9II-] Banks: Psammocharidje. 235

with a few erect hairs ; metanotum long, sloping, sericeous, median line scarcely
distinct ; abdomen long, sericeous, apical segments very hairy, a few hairs on
preceding segment; legs very slender, hind tibiae serrate, but with very short
spines, the long spur of hind tibia scarcely one half of the metanotum. Wings
nearly hyaline, fore-wings dark around tip, second submarginal fully one and
one half times as long as broad, first recurrent received beyond the middle,
third submarginal still longer, narrowed above, second recurrent arising beyond
middle of anal cell, slightly sinuate to middle of third submarginal ; marginal
cell acute at tip ; basal vein rounded at base, and before the transverse vein.
Length i6 mm.
From Fedor, Lee Co., Texas, 2 June (Birkmann).

Table of Cryptocheilus.
I. Antennje yellowish, in part at least

Antennae black

• 4

Wings dark, body ferruginous nuperus.

Wings hyaline

3. Wing with three dark bands ; thorax pale facetus.

Wing with apical band only, thorax black placitus.

4. Thorax reddish, also the abdomen 5

Thorax black .' ' '

. . , , , „„ii scitiiia.

5. Head black ; legs pale, small

Head reddish ; legs black, larger mgripes.

6. Abdomen reddish above and below 7

Abdomen not reddish below, sometimes above on basal segments. . ...... 10

7. Hind legs reddish, wings pale, with a dark cloud alienafus.

Hind legs black, no cloud in wing, or wings all dark 8

8. Coxae very hairy ; western species compara us.

Coxae sericeous, barely hairy

g Abdomen sericeous ; third cell longer than broad ; abdomen elongate.

arcuatus.

Abdomen shining; third cell broader than long; abdomen shorter, .nothus.^

10, Abdomen with red on basal segments above "

12

Abdomen all black '

II First segment of abdomen dark at tip; coxae and femora hairy. . . .vahdns.

First segment of abdomen all reddish pccneparcus.

12. Face with dense golden hair; spurs white: pronotum shining. . .f./gi/ron..

Face with silvery hair, or black ' ' 1 "

Metanotum wrinkled behind; wings deep black; third cell much longer

14

than broad

Metanotum not wrinkled behind " ' '

Pronotum barely angulate ; marginal cell acute at tip ; antenna rather short ;
, . fortts.

coxae very hairy

Pronotum plainly angulate behind; marginal cell rounded at tip; antenna

very slender ; middle and hind coxs but little hairy subopacus.

13.

14,

2;.)G Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoLXIX.

15. Third cell much longer than broad, hind tibire only moderately serrate. . . 16
Third cell as broad as long, or else the hind tibiae very strongly serrate. . 17

16. Metanotum with black hair, not silvery sericeous ; wings nearly black ; basal

vein of fore-wings at lower end not rounded out nebnlosiis.

Metanotum with short, white hair, silvery sericeous; wings pale; basal
vein rounded out at base; hind tibi;u very weakly serrate iitcitus.

17. Wings uniform black; clypeus truncate, basal vein rounded out at lower

end ; coxae scarcely hairy pompilus.

Wings not a uniform black 18

18. Clypeus convex on front edge; no distinct cloud in wings, third cell quite

long agenoides.

Clypeus truncate in front 19

19. Tibia not strongly serrate near tip ; a distinct stigmal cloud in wing,

coxae scarcely hairy germanus.

Tibia strongly serrate to tip ; stigmal cloud indistinct or absent ; coxae very
hairy cojiiciis.

Priocnemoides pallidipennis, new species.

Dull black ; head broad ; clypeus rounded below ; first and second joint of
antennae black, rest yellowish; third joint much longer than the first; a line to
the anterior ocellus, this fully two diameters from the laterals, and these much
nearer to each other than to eyes ; vertex, nearly straight across ; pronotum
angulate behind ; metanotum long and with a median groove, transversely
wrinkled behind ; abdomen hairy at tip, and a few hairs on venter ; legs
brownish toward tips; long spur on hind tibiae scarcely more than one fourth
of the metatarsus. Wings pale yellowish, darker on tips ; second submarginal
cell a little longer than broad, receiving the first recurrent vein beyond the
middle ; third submarginal longer than second, a little narrowed above, receiving
the second recurrent beyond middle, this vein arising from a little beyond
middle of anal cell, only a little curved ; marginal cell rounded at tip. In hind-
wings the cubitus arises l)eyond end of the cell.

Length 12.5 mm.

From Tucson, Arizona (Snow).

Table of Priocnemoides.

1. Antennae mostly yellow 2

Antennas black 6

2. Wings mostly black 3

Wings mostly reddish or yellowish ; metanotum hairy, transversely

striate 5

3. Metanotum transversely striate, and hairy ; wings pale before tip.

uiiifasciatus.
Metanotum hardly striate, and scarcely hairy ; wings all black 4

4. Third ventral segment with a pair of humps beneath fulvicornis.

Third ventral segment without humps magnns.

Dec, I9II.] Banks: PsAMMocHARiD.^. 237

5. Wings rather reddish ; in hind-wing the cubitus arises before the end of

cell; second recurrent vein of fore-wings strongly hent. . . .flammipennis.

Wings more yellowish ; in hind-wing the cubitus arises beyond the end of

cell; second recurrent vein of fore-wings but little curved, .pallidif'ennis.

6. Metanotum transversely striate, and hairy 7

Metanotum not striate 8

7. Wings reddish yellow, except tip ; femora I with long hair beneath.

mexicanus.

Wings mostly black, with a yellow spot maculipennis.

S. Wings mostly reddish or yellowish 9

Wings all black ; no hair on metanotum idoneus.

■g. Marginal cell acute at tip ; metanotum and scutellum with erect hair.

texaniis.

Marginal cell rounded at tip 10

10. Metanotum without erect hair terminatus.

Metanotum with erect hair heiligbrodti.

Pepsis.

In this genus of magnificent insects the names have become much
•confused ; I offer only a few preliminary notes.

P. nephele: this can be recognized by the long hair beneath
femora I, as well as by broadly margined wings. P. circularis is,
I believe, the male, or else male of some closely allied species of which
the female is unknown.

P. inermis: this has a fine distinguishing character in the hairs
with curved tips situate in the spiny area of the hind tibiae.

The P. chrysothernis and P. pyramis of the Fox collection are (I
consider) the sexes of one species; I have it also from California,
both sexes at same locality.

P. venusta Smith: I have a specimen of this, not hitherto recorded
north of Mexico, from Palmerlee, Arizona, the white of tip of wings
extends to the middle of the marginal cell.

238 Journal Xew York Extomological Society. [Voi. xix.

A CONTRIBUTION TOWARD THE LIFE HISTORY
OF EMPHOR BOMBIFORMIS CRESS.

By John A. Grossbeck,
American Museum of Natural History, New York City.

(With Plate VII.)

Emphor bombifoniiis Cress.^ is one of the larger digger bees and
is allied to the species of the genus Melissodes. It is not ordinarily
regarded as common ; but is not rare at Arlington, New Jersey, where,
in the vicinity of its nesting region, one or two hundred specimens
could easily be taken in the course of a day at the proper season. The
writer first met with the species in 1909 when several colonies were
found at the edge of a cat-tail marsh. In 1910 other colonies were
discovered in the same general region. The species seems to prefer
hard, shaly soil in which to nest though small colonies occur in sandier
soil.

On August 30, 1909, one large colony, comprising perhaps seventy
bees, was discovered, which had made one hundred and twenty-seven
holes on an area three feet in diameter. Two smaller colonies, one
seventy feet and the other twelve feet away from this large one.
consisted of about eight and twelve individuals respectively, and a
still smaller number of bees constituted a fourth colony between the
nearest of these two larger colonies and the very large one.

When first the bees were approached there was great commotion
among them ; they flew wildly about and buzzed loudly and were so
reluctant to enter their burrows that soon the dozen or so at first
present was increased to a swarm of about thirty. Quiet ensued in
about five minutes. Later in the day my presence was not in the
least disturbing to their peace, though usually I remained two feet
or more away from the nesting region so as not to interfere with
their natural behavior.

Until well into the noon hour their actions were quite inexplicable.
Some were constantly leaving the nests and some were returning,
the former always empty-handed. Usually on returning they would
' Determination made by Henry L. Viereck, Washington, D. C.

Dec, 191 1.] Grossbeck: Emphor bombiformis. 239

immediately enter one of the holes, sometimes after describing a few
small circles over the entrance, remain there for a short time, and
leave again. Others would rest lazily at the entrance of their bur-
rows, with head and fore part of thorax out, and retire only to
reappear in a few moments or fly away. A few others, after a great
deal of buzzing, would walk over the pellets rejected in the construc-
tion of the holes as if in search of something, but would finally fly
away without having accomplished anything. Still others walked
about aimlessly or were extremely busy peering into or examining
the burrows of their neighbors, entering first one, then another, but
remaining in them only for a few moments at most. Occasionally,
after entering a burrow, one would back out hurriedly as if pursued,
though I saw no pursuer ; at other times one would be met at the
entrance by what was presumably the rightful occupant and owner
of the nest, who really appeared to look savage, and in such cases the
intruder made haste to move on.

One individual actually entered sixteen holes before finally fly-
ing off. The burrow of this bee, it appeared, had been damaged, as
several times the bee returned to a broken nest, removed part of the
debris and then went off investigating again.

In beginning a burrow the bee with its fore legs digs furiously
in the thin layer of sod material, brushing the fragments away with
its hind legs and meanwhile turning around constantly and standing
almost on its head as it were. When the hole has attained a depth
of half an inch, soil is reached, and then a different method of work-
ing is begun. The soil is now moistened with saliva, small pieces
are then bitten off with the mandibles and passed upward to the
hind legs where with the assistance of the abdomen it is placed at
the entrance of the hole. As pellet after pellet is placed in position
the bee turns round and round making one circuit in about one minute
and a half, and, with the abdomen partly bent under on the venter and
moving from side to side, smooths down the interior of the growing
turret. During this process the bee now and then emerges from the
burrow and standing clumsily over the half completed turret cleans
its antennae with its fore legs, and the hind legs with each other.
When the turret has reached a height equal to one-half inch, building
ceases, but the work of excavation goes on and the pellets, now larger,
are brought to the top of the turret, with the hind legs as usual, and

240 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. t^'"'- ^i^-

forcibly ejected over the rim. Sometimes the pellet.s are thrown to
a di.stance of only half an inch, but usually one or two inches or, in
rare instances, four inches. Occasionally a pellet is thrown into the
burrow of another bee and if the latter is also digging the pellet is
simply removed like the others by being brought to the surface with
the hind legs. Frequently, however, the mouth is used and the pellet
tossed over the top of the turret.

Fig. I. Larva of Eiitphor bombifoniiis Cress.

The burrows when completed are somewhat more than one fourth
inch wide and of varying depth, two and one half inches being about
the average depth though some are four inches deep and others less
than one inch. At the bottom the burrow is widened into a cell.

Not infrefiuently the bee encounters difficulties in commencing a
burrow. In the center of the colony where the holes are most nu-
merous the pellets are littered over the ground to such an extent
that frequently only the rim of the highest turret is visible. Instead
of extending the colony by working at its outer borders a bee occa-
sionally digs among these pellets and, as fast as the dry pellets are
pushed aside, others roll into the forming hole, and it is only after
great exertion that a good beginning is effected : sometimes the
project is abandoned in these places and a new hole started some-
where else.

At one time a bee was observed repairing a turret which was
slightly broken and partly covered over with pellets. On first return-
ing, the nest was not positively identified by the bee; it made a

Dec, 191 1.] Grossbeck : Emphor bombiformis. 241

hasty survey of the wreck, flew away in a zig-zag manner, rapidly
examining other nests in the vicinity and returned to the broken one.
This was repeated several times. Twice during these performances
it engaged in momentary combat with another bee as though the
latter were in some way responsible for the destruction of the nest.
F"inally it began to clear away the wreckage in mad haste, and when
this had been done, peered into the hole and walked leisurly in. A
little later it brought bits of mud from below in its mandibles and
began mending the broken turret.

When the cell is completed it is provisioned with pollen, and it
is a noticeable fact that pollen laden bees locate their burrows im-
mediately. There was no uncertainty displayed as in the morning
hours, when no pollen was gathered and no preliminary buzzing or
circling about ; but one direct flight to the entrance of the burrow
where the bee plunged in and disappeared instantly.

The first bee that arrived with pollen, it is true, buzzed around
in large circles before entering; but that was undoubtedly because
of my close proximity to the nest at the time.

The bright yellow pollen is gathered from the swamp rose mallow
(Hibiscus moschatus) and carried in surprisingly large flocculent
masses on the hind legs. Rarely small flakes are dropped in flight
or brushed off at the entrance of the nest, but this is unusual for as
a rule the little worker knows how to manage her load.

Despite the large size of the individual loads of pollen carried,
quite a number of trips are made before sufficient material is col-
lected to form the solid pollen ball into which the masses are finally
shaped. One bee provisioned its burrow in exactly thirty six minutes
after she arrived with the first load — an average, allowing three
minutes for the gathering of load number one — of about four mfnutes
to the load. Rarely did she stay more than one minute in the nest.
When the tenth load had been deposited she flew away and did not
return until ten minutes had passed; then after a momentary examina-
tion of the interior of the nest departed again and returned after
fifteen minutes. Finally she flew away again and I saw no more
of her.

Into one burrow three loads of pollen were taken at about one
minute intervals. This bee, it appeared, was exceptionally industrious
and attention was centered on this one burrow. Soon a fourth load

242 Journal Xevv York Entomological Society. [Voi. xix.

was taken in and as the carrier left, another bee, also laden with
pollen, entered. Again the first bee came, and as she was in the
hole number two arrived and entered also. Both came out hurriedly,
one obviously in pursuit of the other ; around and around they buzzed,
finally clenched, rolled over on the ground, separated, and then both
departed. Presently, however, one returned, undoubtedly the owner
of the nest, and rapidly removed three tremendous loads of pollen
from the burrow, two of which were dropped intentionally or un-
intentionally a short distance from the entrance, and the third of
which was carried away.

Fig. 2. Pupa of Eniphor bombiforuiis Cress.

Digging into several of the burrows, pollen in the same loose
condition as when first carried in was found in some, and in others
the ready-formed three-eighth-inch pollen ball. This ball was less
than one fourth the size of the pollen mass used to form it. To
one a single slender, elongated, curved tgg was attached and on
another a small larva was feeding. The burrows, it appears, are
not covered up after the egg is laid, as this egg and larva were dug
from open burrow^s; and besides I saw nothing that looked like a
covered burrow.

Twice during the afternoon spent in watching the bees a little
w-asp, which Mr. Viereck determines as Lyroda siibita Say, alighted
among the nests and, nervously walking about, entered one burrow
after the other, occasionally remaining in one for the greater part of
a minute. By its peculiar actions I supposed it to be parasitic on

Dec, I9II.] Grossbeck: Ejipiior bombiformis. 243

the larva of the bee, or an inquiline in its nest; but the Hfe history
of this wasp as given by the Peckhams is so entirely different, that
one simply wonders what it was doing among the nests of bombi-
formis.

In the following year, March 26, 1910, the first trip of the series
I proposed to take to the camping ground of the bees was made, and
about one square foot of soil was dug over and carefully examined.
Old cocoons, most of them filled with earth and as hard as the
packed shale imbedding them, were obtained in great numbers, no
less than one hundred and sixty being found in the square foot of
earth examined. These undoubtedly represented the empty cocoons
of years' accumulation. Apart from this number of old cocoons, six
new ones were found, and these, unlike the others, were of an ochre
color, in appearance much like the original pollen ball stored by the
bee but larger, and they rolled out of their cells as they were freed
from earth on one side. Of the six cocoons five contained large
white larvse with the head and thorax bent under against the venter
as shown in Fig. i. Nothing was left of the pollen ball, and appar-
ently the larva merely awaited the advent of warm weather to change
to a pupa and eventually to an adult. The other cocoon contained
a dead larva, shrivelled, and to some extent covered with fungus.

On April 27 a second visit to the place was made and this time
the entire ground inhabited by the largest of the three colonies was
dug over. Old cocoons were present by the hundred, but only twenty-
one good ones were secured. Also, about thirty pollen balls, un-
touched in any way, were obtained. Either the adult female neglected
to place her egg upon these, or the egg, in case it was deposited,
failed to hatch, or the larva died at a very early stage of its exist-
ence. No indications of Meloid beetles, which it was the special
object of digging up the entire area to secure, were seen.

A few of the larvae secured on this trip were preserved, but the
majority of cocoons were buried intact beneath an inch or less of
loose sand with a view to rearing the adults. These were then left
by themselves without as much as an occasional wetting (except
that on June 10, one cocoon was opened to note the condition of the
larva) and on July 11 the first bee, a male, emerged. A cocoon was
immediately dug up and the pupa sketched. This presented an ap-
pearance shown in Fig. 2. Other adults, numbering six in all, emerged
up till July 20, two appearing on this date, and all of them females.

244 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'o^- -^i^-

On July 21 another visit to the region of the colonies was made to
get males, if possible, but no bees of either sex were seen. On the
22d of August, however, the bees were out in full force, but only
females were noticed. On this trip numbers of the bees were found
flying over a road-side puddle on which they alighted and were blown
over its surface by the wind to the opposite side. This seemed to be
done for mere sport for as soon as the leeward side was reached
they rose and flew to the windward side, alighting as before. Whether
or not they actually lapped up water with which to moisten the soil
when digging their burrows I was unable to observe, as the wind
wafted them so rapidly across the small pool, but I rather suspect that
this was the case.

Besides the colonies located the year before no less than five
others were discovered, none of them, however, so large as the prin-
cipal one by the meadow. These new colonies were fully a quarter
of a mile from the marsh, and two of them were in a steep embank-
ment.

On a fifth trip, on Sept. 3, the region was visited once more, but
the bees were all gone. Scarcely a turret survived the almost daily
showers of the ten previous days, and irregular holes merely marked
the entrances to the cells. Quite a number of the burrows were un-
covered and larvjE from one fourth to nearly full grown were found
coiled around the moist and slimy pollen ball which had decreased in
size in proportion as the larva had increased.

Though larvae were not rare, fully 95 per cent, were dead as the
result of mould due to the continuous humid condition of the atmos-
phere. It will be interesting to note whether on this account the bees
will be reduced in numbers in 1911.

Fig. I
Fig. 2

Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig- S
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
All natural size.

Explanation of Plate VII.

Emphor homhiformis, female.

Emphor bombiformis, male.

Plaster casts of burrows.

Turrets from the entrances to the burrows.

Pellets ejected in digging the burrow.

Pollen balls.

Pollen ball in situ.

Cocoons.

Jfliini. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIX. Plate VII.

• •

6

•

J. I ;_ ▼-

w

■^i

7

/1\ ^#/v>^*

/ /W ^ ^

Emphor bombitormis Cresson

Dec, ipii.] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas. 245

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW FUNGUS-GROWING

ANTS FROM TEXAS, WITH MR. C. G. HARTMAN'S

OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR HABITS.'

By William Morton Wheeler,
Boston, Mass.

(With Plate VIII.)

During the past summer, Mr. Carl G. Hartman, of Huntsville,
Texas, sent me a number of fungus-growing ants whose habits he
had been carefully observing. I at first regarded the specimens as
representatives of an undescribed species of the subgenus Trachy-
niyrmex (genus Atta) but on comparing them with a large amount
of material from various portions of Texas and of the United States
east of the Mississippi River, I find that they represent a couple of
undescribed varieties of T. scptentrionalis MacCook. This compari-
son also shows that this species is far from being as uniform in its
characters as has been hitherto supposed. In my paper on our fungus-
growing ants* I did, indeed, distinguish a darker southern form of
septentrionalis from Texas and Florida as distinct from a paler form
occurring in New Jersey and the District of Columbia, and regarded
the latter as the type of the species. The former was designated as
var. ohscnrior. My description of the three phases of the species,
however, was drawn from Texas specimens. Renewed study of the
materials in my collection together with numerous specimens from
several colonies received from Mr. Hartman, leads me to regard
ohscnrior as a subspecies, which presents several distinct varieties.
I have also found an interesting color variety of the typical scptentrio-
nalis. The workers and females of these different forms may be de-
scribed as follows.
I. Atta (Trachymyrmex) septentrionalis MacCook (typical).

Worker. — Length 3-3.5 mm.

Gaster rather globose, with convex sides and faint lateral ridge on the first
segment. Surface of body rather smooth, slightly shining ; tubercles small and

' Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institu-
tion, Harvard University, No. 50.

^ The Fungus-growing Ants of North America," Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., XXIII, 1907, pp. 669-807, 5 pis., 31 text figs.

246 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLXIX.

acute ; thoracic spines slender. Color brownish yellow ; borders of clypeus and
frontal carinae, front and vertex, a large blotch in the dorsal impression of the
postpetiole and a median dorsal stripe on the first gastric segment, dark brown
or blackish.

Female. — Length 4-4.5 mm.

Resembling the worker but more coarsely sculptured. Pronotum trans-
versely, mesonotum longitudinally rugulose. Wings opaque, infuscated ; at the
base yellowish along the costal margin.

New Jersey: Vineland (Mrs. Mary Treat) : Toms River (Morris,
McCook) ; Lakehurst (Wheeler, W. T. Davis) ; Lucaston (E. Daecke),
Milltown and Manasquam (Davis), Prospertown (J. B. Smith's List).

District of Columbia: Washington (Pergande, Swingle, Forel).

North Carolina: Black IMt. (Forel).

2. A. (T.) septentrionalis var. vertebrata, new var.

Worker. — Length 2.5-3.3 n\m.

Differing from the typical form in its smaller size, coloration and sculpture.
The dark spots and bands on the head, gaster and postpetiole are broader and
more extensive, and the thorax is infuscated in the middorsal line. In some
specimens the pleur£e and venter are also brownish. The surface of the body
is more opaque and the spines and tubercles are even smaller than in the
typical form.

Female. — Differing from the female of the typical form in having the pro-
notum, mesonotum and petiole blotched with brown. Body opaque ; sculpture
as in the typical form.

Described from nimierous workers and two dealated females taken
by myself from a single colony at Lakehurst, N. J.

3. A. (T.) septentrionalis obscurior Wheeler,

Worker. — Length 3—3.5 mm.

Differing from the typical form in color, sculpture, pilosity and the shape
of the gaster. The body is deep ferruginous, with slightly paler legs, the front
and vertex and a visually very indistinct dorsal band or spot on the gaster,
brownish. There is no dark spot on the postpetiole. The body is opaque and
distinctly granular. The tubercles are all larger and more prominent and' the
spines on that account seem to be more robust and blunter, though not longer
than in the typical form. The hooked hairs covering the body and appendages
are coarser though no longer than in the type. The gaster is less globose, being
flatter above and with straighter, subparallel and distinctly ridged sides.

Female. — Length 3.8—4 mm.

Resembling the worker, but the sculpture is coarser. The dark spot on the
head is deeper and restricted to the occllar region ; the band on the gaster is
also more distinct.

Texas: Austin (type locality), Montopolis and Milano (Wheeler) ;

Dec, I9II.] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas. 247

Paris (C. T. Brues, Miss A. Rucker) ; Denton (W. H. Long) ; Pales-
tine (F. C. Bishopp) ; Brownswood (W. D. Pierce).
Louisiana: Ruston (W. D. Pierce).

Illinois: Elizabethtown, Hardin County (W. P. Flint).
It is this form that Buckley may have seen and designated as
Am tardigrada, but, as I have shown {loco citato, p. 708), his descrip-
tion is so poor that it will apply to almost any of the Texan species
of Atta.
^4. A. (T.) septentrionalis obscurior var. irrorata, new var.

Woykey.-\)iii^rmg from the typical ohscurior only in having the surface
of the body between the spines and tubercles covered uniformly with dense,
gray granules. In size and in the development of the spines and tubercles the
specimens are essentially like those of the typical form of the subspecies.

Described from many workers taken from six colonies at Hunts-
ville, Texas, by Mr. C. G. Hartman.
K- 5 A. (T.) septentrionalis obscurior var. crystallina, new var.

Workcr.-Bm^rinz from the typical ohsc^irior only in having the body
covered with a layer of minute crystalline particles, probably an excretion.

The female and male resemble the corresponding phases of the typical
obscurior in lacking this layer of particles.

Described from several hundred workers, four males and a few
dozen winged females taken from five colonies at Huntsville, Texas,
by Mr. C. G. Hartman.
6. A. (T.) septentrionalis obscurior var. seminole, new var.

Worker and Female. -Dmermg from the typical obscurior in their some-
what larger average size (worker 3-5-4 mm.; female 4-5-5 -n.) decidedly
rougher integument and the stouter tubercles and spines. The dark brown
markings on the head and gaster are more distinct and there is a spot of the
same color in the dorsal impression of the postpetiole. In the female the
region in front of the ocellar spot is also dark brown.

Male.—Uke that of the male obscurior but averaging somewhat larger.

Florida: Miami (Wheeler).

Other specimens marked "Florida," collected by Pergande and
received some years ago from Dr. Gustav Mayr, evidently belong to

the same variety.

Further study of T. septentrionalis may show that the varieties
irrorata and crvstallina. which I have based merely on peculiar sur-
face appearances, are inadmissible, for these appearances may be

248 JoL'RXAL Xew York Entomological Society. l\oi. xix.

characteristic of a purely temporary physiological condition. They
may be modifications of the bluish bloom often found covering speci-
mens of Trachymynnex and Cyphomyrniex and apparently analogous
to the waxy secretion covering the bodies of senescent dragon flies
and the surface of Rynchophorous beetles of the genus Lixus.

Among the material collected by Mr. Hartman during September,
191 1, I find a couple of workers representing the following sub-
species of T. tiirrifcx, a species which has been taken heretofore
only in the dry central and western portions of Texas :

A. (T.) turrifex Wheeler subsp. caroli, new subspecies.

Worker. — Length 2.5-2.8 mm.

Differing in its smaller size from the typical turrifex. which measures
3-3.75 mm. and in coloration, the whole body with appendages being brownish
yellow, with the front and vertex infuscated. The hooked hairs covering the
body and appendages are neither coarser nor more abundant than in the typical
form, but their dark brown color, contrasting with the pale integument, makes
them more conspicuous. The tubercles are very small and acute, especially on
the gaster. This region lacks the median longitudinal impression and lateral
ridges, which though feebly developed, are nevertheless distinct in the typical
form.

Described from two specimens taken from the same colony at
Huntsville, Texas, by Mr. C. G. Hartman. This form evidently
represents a depauperate, arenicolous race ranging considerably east-
ward of the typical turrifex.

The following table will assist in distinguishing the various forms
described above as well as the other known species and varieties of
the subgenus Trachymyrfiicx from North, South and Central America:

1. Antennal scape furnished with a lobe at the base 2

Antennal scape without a lobe at the base 3

2. Lobe of antennal scape long and narrow ; posterior angles of head usually

acute ; surface of body scabrous, not pruinose. Length 3.25—4.5 mm.

Rio Grande do Sul iheringi Emery.

Lobe of antennal scape short and broad ; posterior angles of head obtuse ;
surface of body smoother, pruinose. Length 3.2—4 mm. Buenos Aires.

pruinosa Emery.

3. Preorbital carina not curved mesially behind nor crossing the antennal

scrobe, but continued backward to the posterior corner of the head 4

Preorbital carina curved inward and entering the antennal scrobe, or at
any rate, not extending to the posterior corner of the head 10

4. Antennal scapes not extending beyond the posterior corner of the head. . .5
Antennal scapes extending beyond the posterior corners of the head 7

Dec, I9II.] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas. 249

5. Body covered with white scales in addition to the hooked hairs ; first gastric

segment depressed above, compressed on the sides, subtruncate and

bigibbous behind. Length 4.5 mm. Para farinosa Emery.

Body not covered with white scales ; first gastric segment not bigibbotts
behind 6

6. Color ferruginous ; gaster with feebly developed median dorsal impression

and lateral ridges. Length 3-3.75 mm. Texas turrifex Wheeler.

Color brownish yellow ; gaster without median dorsal impression or lateral
ridges. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. Texas .... fMrn/e,r subsp. caroli subsp. nov.

7. Thorax and gaster between the tubercles and ridges covered with numerous

small whitish scales. Length 4 mm. Costa Rica. . . .squamulifera Emery.
Thorax and gaster without whitish scales 8

8. Posterior corner of head in profile with two spines ; inferior pronotal spine

acute ; first gastric segment with a deep median and two somewhat

shallower lateral, longitudinal impressions 9

Posterior corner of head in profile with three spines ; inferior pronotal spine
obtuse ; first gastric segment without deep longitudinal impressions.
Length 3.8-4 mm. Sao Paolo oetkeri Forel.

9. Color yellowish ferruginous, with the head, venter and a median longitudi-

nal stripe on the first gastric segment, brown. Length 4 mm.

Trinidad urichi Forel (typical).

Color dark brown, with slightly paler legs and scapes. Length 3.5—4 mm.
Matto Grosso urichi var. fusca Emery.

10. Preorbital carina but little deflected posteriorly into the antennal scrobe ;

posterior corner of head in profile with two prominent, widely separated
spines ; pronotum without median spines ; first gastric segment with three
broad and rather deep, longitudinal impressions. Color deep ferruginous,
with the gaster, most of the head and portions of the thorax and legs,
black. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Jamaica, St. Vincent, Culebra L Bahamas.

jamaicensis Ern. Andre.
Preorbital carina curved mesially behind and continued some distance over
the antennal scrobe ; posterior corner of head in profile with a single
small, simple or bifid spine and several tubercles ; pronotum with a pair
of median spines or bifid tub^cles ; first gastric segment without longi-
tudinal impressions. Color yellowish brown or ferruginous with the
infuscations restricted to spots on the head and gaster or, more rarely,
on the thorax 11

11. The three pairs of lateral spines of the pro- and mesonotum short, blunt

and of similar shape, being projections rather than spines. Length 2.5—

3.5 mm. Arizona desertorum Wheeler.

The three pairs of lateral spines of the pro- and mesonotum of different
shapes, the first pair being decidedly longer and more pointed than the
others 12

12. Median prothoracic spines acute, nearly as long as the lateral pair; meso-

notum with two pairs of subequal spines; petiole ij4 times as long as
broad ; first gastric segment with only about fifty tubercles on its dorsal

250 Journal New York Entomological Society. [\'o!. xix.

surface and these acute and prominent. Length 2.8-3.5 mrn. Guatemala

and British Honduras intermedia Forel.

Median prothoracic spines short, blunt and usually bifid, much shorter
than the lateral pair ; mesonotum with two unequal pairs of spines, the
anterior pair often reduced to mere tubercles ; petiole less than i H times
as long as broad ; tubercles on the dorsum of the first gastric segment
(except in saussui-ei) more numerous and less prominent 13

13. Larger species (3.5-5 mm.) with robust spines and prominent tubercles;
mesonotum in front with two pairs of spines, the anterior small and

tuberculiform 14

Smaller species (2.5-4 mm.) with more slender spines and less prominent
tubercles ; mesonotum in front with a single multifid blunt spine or
projection 15

15. Sides of head rather straight and subparallel ; tubercles on gaster dense
and numerous ; epinotal spines stouter, directed backward : color ferru-
ginous red ; hairs on legs coarse and erect. Arizona, .arizonensis Wheeler.
Sides of head convex ; tubercles on gaster larger, sparser and fewer in
number ; epinotal spines more slender, directed upward ; color yellowish
brown ; hairs on legs less coarse, reclinate. Mexico saussiirei Forel.

15. Color brownish yellow; surface of body rather smooth, slightly shining.. 16
Color ferruginous ; surface of body opaque and granular 17

16. Only the front, vertex, a median spot on the postpetiole and a median

longitudinal stripe on the first gastric segment black. New Jersey.

septentvionalis McCook (typical).
Dark markings on the head and gaster more extensive and in addition a
dark median longitudinal band on the thorax. New Jersey.

septentrionalis var. vertebrata var. nov.

17. Surface of body not covered with gray granules or glistening particles.

Texas septentrionalis subsp. obscurior Wheeler (typical).

Surface of body covered with gray granules or glistening particles 18

18. Body covered with glistening particles. Texas.

septentrionalis obscurior var. crystallina var. nov.
Body covered with small gray granules 19

19. Thoracic spines small and slender. Texas.

septentrionalis obscurior var. irrorata var. nov.
Thoracic spines longer and more robust ; sculpture coarser. Florida.

septentrionalis obscurior var. seminolc var. nov.

In my paper on the North American fungus-growing ants I de-
scribed the habits of the typical T. obscurior of Austin, Texas, and
gave measurements and figures of its nests. Mr. Hartman has sent
me all his notes on several colonies of the varieties irrorata and
crystallina. Although he did not distinguish between these varieties
in the field, it is probable that they do not difYer appreciably in habits

mm. X. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XIX. Plalr VIII.

Nests of Trachvmx'rmex obscunor

Dec, I9II.] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas. -'^l

either from each other or from the typical obscurior. The observa-
tions are, nevertheless, well worth publishing, both because they were
made with care and in a new locality, and because our knowledge of
the North American Attii is still fragmentary. I am glad, therefore,
to append his notes on the general habits of the two varieties and on
nine of their nests, which he studied in detail, together with a table of
measurements and a plate of figures of their galleries and chambers
(Plate VIII). In the figures the chambers are designated by Roman,
the galleries by arable numerals.

" Trachymyrmex obscurior is found in the sandy woods about
Huntsville,'on the divide between the Trinity and San Jacinto Rivers
at an altitude of about 360 feet above sea-level. The flora of these
sandy woods consists of post-oak {Querais minor), black jack (Q.
Manlandica), blue jack (Q. brevifolia), hickory {Hkorea viUosa),
short-leaf pine {Pinus echinata) , loblolly pine (F. tcrda) , French mul-
berry (Callkarpa americana) and bull-nettle (latropha stimulosa).
Hymenoptera (Pompihts, Bcmbcx, Sphex, Mutillids, Scoliids, ants,
etc.) abound in this locality. Mole burrows are common. Here
also occurs another fungus-growing ant, Atta (Mycetosoritis) hart-
mani Wheeler, thus far reported only from the sandy floral and
faunal island at Montopolis, below Austin, Texas. This island has
affinities with the Carolinian region and these affinities are even more
apparent in the Huntsville locality, owing to its having a much
greater number of eastern species of plants and animals.

"I have seen T. obscurior only in sandy soil, and she does not
burrow into the underlying clay. When the sand is shallow, the
chambers of the nest will be reduced in number and increased in
size (nests i and 2) and crowded close together by a shortening of
the connecting galleries.

" May and June are the months most favorable for observing the
activities of the ants. At this season all the chambers, including the
uppermost one, contain flourishing, pendent fungus-gardens. The
soil is moist near the surface, but later, as it dries out, the upper
chambers are abandoned and the ants retreat to the lower chambers
which lie in soil that is probably moist throughout the year. As late
as August 29 I found an excellent fungus-garden (but not containing
pupae) at a depth of 12 inches. The shade of the trees prevents
the heating of the ground to a very great depth.

252 Journal Xew York Extomological Society. [^'o'- ^i^

" In habits T. obsciirior scarcely differs from the other species
of the subgenus. The workers are sluggish in their movements and
' play possum ' or ' feign death ' like their congeners. Caterpillar
excrement is used for the substratum of the fungus-gardens. At the
beginning of the season (]\Iay and June) work is carried on both day
and night, but later the ants come forth only at night, except on cloudy
days, after a rain the night before, when a few individuals may
occasionally be seen outside the nest. (August 29 e. g.) On July
24 at 8 130 A. M. I saw a few ants at a single nest, and these all seemed
to be coming in. August 5 at 9 P. M. I made the rounds of five nests
and found individuals abroad at three of them. At one they were
out in large numbers. The light of my lantern threw them into great
excitement.

"During 191 1 the marriage flight took place in June. On July
22 I found nest 8 which I believe had been excavated by a queen
fecundated during this summer. Very little excavating was done after
July I.

" The surface portion of the ohscurior nest is typically a cres-
centic crater, several inches high at its highest point, with the
entrance corresponding to the center of a circle of which the crescent
is an arc. Nest no. 4, which had a circular crater, and nest no. 3,
with a simple conical crater, were exceptions, or rather variations
from the type. The entrance is usually concealed under vegetable
debris, as is often the case in nests of other fungus-growing ants.
The number, shape and size of the chambers and the length, direc-
tion and method of branching of the galleries arc very variable, as
will be seen from the accompanying figures. I give herewith a table
of dimensions of the chambers (length, breadth and thickness) and
of the galleries (length), together with the depth of the floor of the
lowermost chamber below the surface. The chambers and galleries
are numbered in sequence as in Wheeler's paper, " The Fungus-grow-
ing Ants of North America." My measurements in the field were
recorded in the English instead of the metric system, but in the table
these measurements have been reduced to millimeters, so that they
may be readily compared with those in Wheeler's table. The follow-
ing notes on the individual nests are added as an aid in interpreting
the figures of the plate:

"Nests I and 2. — (May 31.) At the foot of a sandy knoll. The

uec, I9II-] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas.

253

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254 Journal New York Entomological Society. ['^'o'- ^i^-

sand here was very shallow and underlain by tough, red clay. As
the ants did not, so far as I observed, excavate in the clay, they
contented themselves with making a few large chambers near the
surface. Nest l was 13 cm. (5 in.), nest 2, 15-l-cm. (6 in.) deep.
Each chamber of these nests was filled with a flourishing fungus-
garden. The number of ants in each colony seemed to be below the
average.

"Nest J. — (About the middle of June.) This nest was excavated
in deeper sand (2 ft. to red clay) than nests i and 2, and was found
near nest 5, the deepest of all. Perhaps I missed the lowermost
chamber. The uppermost was only 13 mm. (3/2 in.) below the sur-
face, the lowermost 20.5 cm (8 in.). Ch. I contained dried, yellow
remains of a fungus garden; Ch. II and Ch. Ill splendid gardens,
all suspended from the ceiling by rootlets left for the purpose. Both
Ch. II and Ch. Ill were used as brood chambers, especially Ch. Ill
which was almost choked with fungus, workers, males, winged females
and young in all stages. The exact number of individuals taken was
as follows: 376 workers, 92 mature males and females, 215 pupae.
There were also many larvae, mostly large and well developed. The
crater of this nest was not of the crescentic form, but was merely a
conical pile of sand situated several inches to one side of the entrance.
"Nest 4. — (May 31.) This nest had a low crater in the form of a
perfect circle around the entrance as shown in the figure. The en-
trance, as usual, was concealed under leaves and other debris. The
workers were carrying in caterpillar excrement. Fungus-gardens
were found in all the chambers .

"Nest 5. — (Middle of June.) This was the deepest nest found,
Ch. VI being 66 cm. (26 in.) below the surface of the sand. The
chambers were of the vertically flattened type except Ch. \T which
was spherical (comp. nests 3, 5, 6 and 7). Ch. V had an accessory
pocket on one side, probably due to the unfinished excavation of the
roof of the chamber. Gal. 2a, could be plainly followed but Gal.
2b and 3 only in part. My notes state that I was tolerably certain
of the courses of Gal. 3 but not of 2b. It would seem that the ants
must have had more use for Gal. 26 than for Gal. 3. A fungus-
garden was found in each of the chambers. The sand was very damp
below.

"Nest 6. — (June 26.) Of this nest, which was of the compound

Dec, igii.] Wheeler: Fungus-Growing Ants from Texas. 255

racemose t\'pe, I give two figures, one in a plane perpendicular to
the other. It was the most singular nest examined. Ch. II had
coming off from it Gals. 3, 4 and 5. The shape of the chambers was
peculiar in that their long axes were oblique (Ch. Ill) or more or
less vertical (Ch. Ill, V and VI). Ch. V extended down to a depth
of 25.5 cm. (10 in.). Very little fungus was found and not more
than fifty workers. The gardens were evidently worn out. Several
winged forms appeared and a few larvse and pupte were taken from
Ch. IV and V. It is probable that I missed a chamber somewhere
below Ch. V.

"Nest 7. — (July 20.) Undoubtedly a nest of the racemose type.
I could not, however, satisfy myself in regard to the relations of Ch.
Ill and IV to the remainder of the nest. Ch. I contained a few ants
but no fungus gardens. Two mother queens came up into this chamber
after I had begun to excavate. The workers, too, seemed anxious to
get away. Gal. i was 6 mm. (^ in.) in diameter. Ch. II and III
were full of dark colored fungus-gardens. Ch. IV contained a normal
garden and brood, and in Ch. V there was a little fungus piled high
and full of white pupas. The ants had done no excavating between
July 8 and July 20.

"Nest 8. — (July 22.) The crater a of the figure was recognized
as that of a Trachyniyrniex nest and on digging under it I came upon
Ch. c and d, which evidently belonged to an abandoned nest. Con-
tinuing the excavation with care, I found a small chamber 13 mm.
(y? in.) in diameter and about 18 cm. (7 in.) below the surface. It
contained a small fungus-garden, a mother queen and five or six
workers. The latter were light colored and evidently young. There
were also several pupx. I believe that this must have been an in-
cipient nest and the queen therefore young and recently fecundated.

"Nest Q. — (August 29.) Excavated on a morning after a gener-
ous rain the day before. Several ants were seen near the entrance.
The soil had been moistened by the rain to a depth of 13 cm. (5 in.) ;
lower down it looked very dry but felt slightly moist and cool,
although it was not wet enough to " ball up " when squeezed in the
hand. Ch. I contained a few' workers and Gal. 2 was full of them
and of a rather old-looking fungus-garden. Ch. II contained a flour-
ishing garden suspended from the ceiling but was not of the bright
color seen in gardens unearthed during the spring. A few pupae and
several light-colored workers were observed."

256 Journal New York Entomological Society. [^'°'- ^i-'^-

A QUIESCENT STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
TERMES FLAVIPES KOLLAR/

By E. H. Strickland,
Carnegie Scholar in Economic Entomology. Boston. Mass.

(With Plate IX.)

During the early spring of the present year Professor W. M.
Wheeler, of Harvard University, very kindly gave me some specimens
of an apparently undescribed stage in the development of the imagines
of our common white ant, Tcrmcs flavipes, which he had taken the
previous year from several colonies at Ellisville, Mass.. just prior
to the swarming period. These individuals were, he noticed, very
sluggish and unable to escape, as did the normal forms, when the
colony was opened up. They were also conspicuous, owing to the
fact that the wings were carried at some distance from the body as
shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6.

On Professor Wheeler's advice I examined nests this spring in
the neighborhood of Boston in order to see whether this was a normal
condition, and with his help I have been enabled to bring together the
following facts.

The colonies of white ants first began to show activity toward the
latter part of March and at this time consisted of numerous workers
and nymphs with a smaller number of soldiers and complementary
royal forms. The nymphs were then quite normal, and the wings
were folded over the dorsal portion of the body in the usual position.

The colonies were kept under observation from time to time in
order that specimens of maturing nymphs might be taken as soon as
the first adults began to appear. In 1910 adults were first taken on
April 20 and nymphs were still plentiful in material collected on
April 24. This year however everything was very late and no adults
were seen until May 6 when a number of freshly emerged imagines
were found in a large colony. On the following day I intended to
collect a large number of nymphs from various colonies that I might

' Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bu.ssey Institu-
tion, Harvard University. No. 49.

Dec, igii.J Strickland: Development of Termes flavipes. 257

see how they underwent their final ecdysis. Unfortunately the sudden
rise in temperature at this time had so accelerated the swarming
period that in every colony examined the nymphs had assumed the
adult form and many were already becoming pigmented. A few
nymphs and forms with outstanding wings were, however, found in
one or two colonies and these were taken to the laboratory. From
these it was seen that development proceeds as follows :

The mature nymph becomes very sluggish and finally all move-
ment ceases; it then falls over on its side and the head is bent down
till it lies on the ventral side of the body, along which also the
antennae and legs are extended in a backward direction (Fig. i), while
the wing pads are bent downwards till they lie laterally along the
sides of the body (Fig. 2). It will be at once noticed that while in
this position the nymph is to all appearances a quiescent pupa libera.
There does not appear to be an ecdysis immediately prior to this qui-
escent period, however, so I would hesitate to describe it as a true
pupal state though it undoubtedly has the same physiological function.

This quiescent stage lasted in the few specimens observed for
a period varying from four to about nine hours. The duration in
time seems to be controlled to a large extent by the amount of mois-
ture in the earth surrounding the pupa for when specimens were
placed in perfectly dry earth they were unable to pass beyond this
stage of development, while the greater the amount of moisture the
shorter the period. During this stage the last nymphal skin splits
across the head and along the dorsum, and is slowly worked down-
ward and backward till a large portion of it hangs freely from the
apex of the abdomen on the ventral side. The legs are the last part
of the body to be freed from this skin, which then becomes detached
as a much crumpled mass. As soon as the wings are liberated they
begin to move away from the body at their base. This is apparently
due to the tracheae in the basal portion of the wing becoming inflated.
The inflation, however, does not extend beyond the suture along
which the wing is subsequently broken off, and the distal portion re-
mains tightly folded as shown in Fig. 3.

The ecdysis described above is the last in the development of the
imago for the insect now disclosed is the sexually complete adult;
it does not, however, become active as soon as it emerges but re-
mains for about a quarter of an hour in the same position as that

258 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. [VoLXIX.

in which the ecdysis occurred. During this time, however, the head
is slowly drawn upward to its normal position and the insect finally
struggles to its feet. Its movements are at first very awkward and
uncertain but after a few minutes it is actively running about. As
before mentioned, the greater portion of the wings remains closely
folded together so that at first sight they appear as abnormally placed
wing-pads. A close examination with a hand lense shows them to
consist of the very compactly folded wing. Fig. 3 is a somewhat
diagrammatic illustration of one of the hind wings when in this condi-
tion. In it I have attempted to trace and name the various wing
veins, though owing to the much folded membrane their outline was
very indefinite and much less distinctly represented than in the illus-
tration.

After these young adults have been running about for an hour
or so the main portion of the wing begins to expand ; the basal por-
tion becomes fully expanded before the apical part begins to unfold,
but the inflation gradually works toward the apex till the typical
fully winged though pigmentless adult is produced. The wings con-
tinue to be held away from the body till this process is complete,
after which they are folded from the base in an overlapping posi-
tion over the abdomen. The ensuing pigmentation of the body is
gradual and does not appear to be affected by the presence or absence
of light ; the entire body turns black through shades of yellow and
brown till in about twenty-four hours the sexually complete imago is
ready for swarming.

It will be seen that the whole period intervening between the
normal nymphal stage and the typical pigmentless adult stage occu-
pies only some nine to ten hours and this apparently accounts for
its not having been recorded before, even though it appears to be
perfectly normal, for it has occurred in different localities in two
successive years and all the nymphs taken passed through these stages
before completing their development.

An illustration of the thorax of Terincs flavipcs with unexpanded
wings was given by Packard in his Text-book of Entomology, but
he here described it as a late nymphal wing pad, otherwise there seem
to be no references to either of the stages herein figured and described.

The nearest approach to the condition in Termcs flaz^ipcs is that

Joiirn. A', r. Ent. Soc

Nymphs of Termes tlavipes.

Dec, I9II.] Miscellaneous Notes. 259

described by N. Holmgren^ in the development of a South American
termite, Rhinotermes taunts. In this case the worker larvae immedi-
ately after ecdysis, pass into a quisecent condition, very similar in
general appearance to the one I have described except for the fact
that they have no wings, and remain in this condition for a period
varying from one hour to three days. Escherich" states that this must
be regarded physiologically as a pupal condition since internal changes
also occur. It will be noticed that in this case the quiescent period
occurs only in larvae and then after an ecdysis, whereas in Ternies
flavipcs it has only been seen to occur during the transition period
between the nymphs and adults of the sexual forms and then for the
greater part before the ecdysis, so that this approaches more closely
to the normal pupal stage of Holometabolous insects.

Explanation of Plate IX.

Fig. I. Quiescent nymph of Tcrmcs flavipes, ventral view.

Fig. 2. Same, lateral view.

Fig. 3. Wing of adult T. flavipcs before expansion, c, costal vein ; Sc,
subcostal vein ; R, radius ; M, median ; cu, cubital ; An, anals.

Fig. 4. Freshly emerged adult of Termes flavipcs, ventral view.

Fig. 5. Same, dorsal view.

Fig. 6. Same, lateral view.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Migration of Alabama argillacea Hiibner. — An unusual invasion of
the cotton moth, Alabama argillacea, occurred apparently throughout
the Middle States in late September and early October of the present
year. According to the reports of those who have given the subject
of the cotton moth careful study, the species, which is of South Ameri-
can or West Indian origin, feeds in the United States exclusively on
the cotton plant. As cotton is grown no nearer to New York than
Virginia the moths covered a distance by flight of at least four hun-
dred miles in some instances. This seems remarkable when the con-
dition of the specimens is taken into consideration, for in most cases

^ Studien iiber siidamerikanische Termiten. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. f. Syst.,
XXIII, 1906.

^ Die Termiten oder Weissen Ameisen. Leipzig, W. Klinkhardt, 1909.

260 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. f^'"'- ^i'^-

these were exceedingly fresh, and with the fore wings covering the
hind wings, as the moths do when at rest, appeared as if they had just
issued from pup^e. It should he mentioned, perhaps, that the species
has occurred around New York in other years, but in small numbers
only. The insects were first noticed around New York (New
Brighton, Staten Island) on September 21, when two specimens were
found clinging to a fence; other specimens were noted in the same
locality in the several days immediately succeeding until on the 25th
of the month seventeen were counted beneath one city light (Gross-
beck). On this same day Mr. Chas. W. Leng, reported the insect
from Port Richmond, S. I., where, he said, hundreds were gathered
on a window attracted by lights within. Also on the same day in the
evening the writer of this note noticed them in similar numbers
hovering over a field of ragweed on Staten Island. Mr. G. von
Krockow reported the species from several localities in New York
City and Brooklyn, the principal swarm occurring in these places on
September 26. He also reported them for Mr. O. Giles at Asbury
Park, N. J., on September 28, where they were said to have occurred
in great numbers. Mr. W. T. Davis collected a specimen at Ross-
ville, in the southern part of .Staten Island on October i. The prin-
cipal flight seemed to take place between September 26 and 28, and
from then on the species occurred in ever decreasing numbers. In
New York and Brooklyn the specimens seemed to be generally dis-
tributed being reported by E. Shoemaker, A. Mutchler. C. Wunder,
G. W. J. Angell, J. W. Angell and G. P. Engelhardt from as many
different places. Mr. Engelhardt further reported their occurrence
at ^'al)hank, L. I., where the species came 'abundantly to sugar and
Mr. Wunder said they were being swept up in the Pennsylvania
Station at Jersey City. Away from New York and New Jersey
reports came from '' between Albany and Syracuse, where a specimen
was seen between the double windows of a sleeping car" (Dr. H. E.
Crampton) ; Providence, R. I., where they were said to be every-
where in the city and suburbs in swarms (E. D. Keith) ; New
Brighton, Pa., where 241 were counted on a twelve-foot porch, 22 of
which were on one window sill (Frank Merrick) ; Philadelphia, Pa.,
September 26, where they were being swept into rows on the side-
walks and gathered up (Chas. L. Pollard) ; and Washington. D. C.
where they occurred in myriads throughout the city (Wm. T. Davis")

Dec, I9II.] Miscellaneous Notes. 261

The latest date ou which the species was noted in the vicinity of
New York was October 9 (Davis; von Krockow). — John A. Gross-
beck.

The Periodical Cicada in the Half Way Hollow Hills, Long Island,

N. Y. — In this Journal for December, 1910, there is an article on the
unexpected appearance of the periodical Cicada in considerable num-
bers in the Half Way Hollow Hills, Long Island, N. Y., in June of
that year, and it was suggested that the clearing away of the forest
in places might have had something to do with their appearance
before the general visitation of Brood No. i in June, 191 1.

In the spring and summer of 191 1 careful search was made for the
periodical Cicada in the Half Way Hollow Hills but none was found,
not even in the areas that had been wooded for many times seventeen
years. In the low land about Wyandanch Mr. Frederick M. Schott
heard several singing and Mr. Charles L. Watkins saw two indi-
viduals. It was ascertained, however, that the Cicadas had occurred
in great numbers in still another locality in 1910, in a place further to
the north and nearer to the Dix Hills.

From the foregoing it appears that the range of Brood No. i
(1910), which occurs in southern Pennsylvania, in Maryland, West
Virginia, etc., may be extended to include the Long Islan^ locality. —
Wm. T. Davis.

Deltometopus amoenicornis with Ants in Beech Stump. — On June
26, while collecting with Mr. E. A. Bischoff, on the brow of the hill
west of the Clove Valley, Staten Island, N. Y., the stump of a beech
was found which was so far decayed that parts of it could be readily
pulverized by hand. This material was sifted and a few specimens of
Pselaphidas were captured as anticipated ; but in addition, what had
not been expected, six specimens of the Eucnemid named above
were also sifted out of the rotten wood. The entire mass was popu-
lated by ants which were nmch more numerous than the beetles and
the association of the beetles with them was probably accidental for
these beetles are often beaten from the branches of the beech trees a
little later in the season and three specimens were in fact captured in
that way by Mr. Bischoff on the same hill in July. — C. W. Leng.

262 Journal Xew York Entomological Society. f^'o'- -^i^-

Lasius (Acanthomyops) claviger in Tahiti. — Prof. C. H. Edmond-
son of Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas, has recently sent me, among
some ants which he collected in Tahiti, a vial containing eight
workers and four winged females of Lasius (Acanthomyops) claznger,
a species hitherto known to occur only in the northern portion of the
United States. Having doubts of the authenticity of the label on the
specimens, I wrote Prof. Edmondson and received the following reply :
■' In regard to the specimens of the common ant, Lasius claviger, I
assure you that they were also taken in Tahiti during August, 1908.
I have a mental picture of the exact spot in Tahiti where I obtained
them : in a broad street in the village of Papeete, under stones. I
could not possibly have substituted Kansas ants, for I have never col'
lected any ants in this state or in any other part of the United States,
and there are no ants in my insect collection. Moreover, the Tahi-
tian material was labelled in the original vial, soon after collecting."
This statement leaves no doubt that L. claviger has been recently
imported into the Society Islands and is sufficiently well established to
produce queens. The only other known case of a North American ant
being introduced into the islands of the Pacific is Pogonomyrmcx
occidentalis Cresson. This well-known harvester of the high plains
of Yyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and the adjoining states, was
recorded several years ago by Forel as occurring in Hawaii. — W. M.
Wheeler.

A Desert Cockroach. — The cockroaches, so far as their habits are
concerned, arc commonly supposed to constitute a rather monotonous
group. This is probably due to the small number and uninteresting
behavior of the species that come under the observation of entomolo-
gists dwelling in temperate regions. A glance at the more recent
literature, however, shows that the Blattoidea are really one of the
most extraordinary groups of insects. Their immense antiquity, the
diversity of their fossil forms, the probability, recently emphasized by
Handlirsch, that the group produced the ancestors of the modern Ter-
mites and Hymcnoptera. the gregariousness of certain species, fore-
shadowing the social habits of these same Termites and of many
Hymcnoptera, the wide dispersal of certain household species, the
development of ovoviviparity in several tropical forms and of myrme-
cophilous and sphegophilous habits in others — all these pecularities

Dec, I9II-] Proceedings of the Society. 263

show that, during their long history, the cockroaches as a group have
not remained as idle and stolidly generalized as we have been inclined
to believe. In connection with the description by Shelf ord (The
, Zoologist for June, 1907) of an aquatic cockroach (Rhicnoda nata-
trix) from the pools of Borneo, the following observations on a
desert species, are worth recording. On November 26, 1910, while
I was standing in the hot, glaring sun in the midst of the sandy
desert north of Yuma, Arizona, I saw a small swarm of about a dozen
insects flying toward me. They settled one after another on the sand,
ran hurriedly over its surface for a short distance in the direction of
their previous flight and then suddenly took wing again. They
seemed to be migrating by alternately flying and running over the
sand in a southwesterly direction. A few minutes later another
smaller detachment, taking the same course, passed over the same
spot. On capturing one of these insects, which behaved so much
like certain species of Cicindcla, I saw, to my surprise, that it was
a cockroach of about the size of our common " croton-bug " and of
the same pale, grayish yellow color as the sand. I then set about col-
lecting a number of specimens. Some of these were later identified
by Mr. J. A. G. Rehn as Homocogamia subdiaphana Scudder subsp.
mohavensis Rehn and Hebard. I walked about over the sandy desert
for some hours but no more swarms appeared. Although these obser-
vations are very fragmentary, they prove that this Blattid in its
adaptation, at least during certain seasons, to an exposed, diurnal
life in dry deserts, exhibits a remarkable contrast to our northern
cockroaches with their pronounced positive thigmotaxis and negative
phototaxis. — W. M. Wheeler.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOG-
ICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of Tuesday, October 18, igio.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P. M. In the
absence of the president, Dr. E. G. Love was elected to preside. Twenty mem-
bers and one visitor present.

The minutes of Tuesday, October 4, were read and approved.

The secretary read a communication from the curator, Dr. F. E. Lutz,
reporting that arrangements would be made by the Museum authorities to take

264 Journal New York Entomological Society. f^'oi- ^i^-

care of Dr. Southwick's collection of food plants of insects and that a card
catalogue would be provided to make notes concerning food relations and other
interesting subjects.

Upon motion of Mr. Engelhardt. Mr. Otto Zeimet was elected an active
member of the Society.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, advised the purchase by the society of
Blatchley's " Beetles of Indiana." Upon the motion of Mr. Wheat, Mr.
Schaeffer was duly authorized to purchase and have bound a copy of this work.

Mr. Davis exhibited and spoke concerning " Some Noteworthy Hemiptera
Collected on Long Island." During the past summer he had collected five
species of Hemiptera which are usually more common to the south of New
York and which have not been hitherto recorded from Long Island, with the
exception of the fifth in the list. These were found in the Pine belt of the
Island in a territory similar to that of Lakehurst, N. J. The five species men-
tioned were Apionienis crassipes. Lygcciis bicnicis. Largus succinctus, Nesara
pennsylvanica, Tetyra bipiinctata. He remarked concerning the stridulating
organs of the latter insect. Mr. Davis also stated that he had captured a
specimen of Painphila phylceus in the garden of Dr. Southwick in Central Park
on October 5. It was rather uncommon to find this southern skipper so far
north. He mentioned that it had been taken at Lake Hopatcong, N, J., August
29, igo8.

Mr. Engelhardt mentioned that Mr. Jacob Doll had captured Vanessa
milberti on Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, and that another had been taken at
Sheepshead Bay, Long Island.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a few new and interesting Coleoptera about which
he had written in the Journal. He also exhibited and discussed Elaieropsis sp.,
a beetle from Cuba in which the female was more brightly colored than the
male, and Conops pictiis. a fly mimicing the wasp, Eumcnes colona. A specimen
of Pieris rapct impaled on the hook-like spines of burdock was also shown and
commented upon.

Mr. Grossbeck under the title " Further Observations on the Life History
of Emphor bombiformis " spoke of making various observations on the colonies
of this bee to ascertain the duration of the larval and pupal life and thus
complete the life history, the study of which was commenced last year and dis-
cussed before the society last winter. Specimens and drawings of the various
stages of the bees were exhibited as well as a square foot of the soil showing
the burrows, the cocoons of the bees, and the pollen balls.

Mr. John W. Angell reported having taken Cicindela 12-guttata on October
8, which he considered a late date for its capture.

Mr. Pollard called attention to a recent bulletin of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture on the New Mexican range caterpillar, Hemileuca olivia, a Bomby-
cine moth, which was commented upon.

Mr, Dickerson exhibited and commented upon an Hemipterous insect,
Ligyrocorus sp., having three segments in place of four in one antenna.

Mr. Engelhardt mentioned noticing that at Promised Land, Long Island, a

Dec, 191 1-] Proceedings of the Society.

265

moth, Anisota senatoria. had devoured practically all the leaves of the oak
which was abundant there.
Society adjourned.

Meeting of Tuesday, November i, 1910.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, at 8.15 P- M., with
President C. W. Leng in the chair and twenty-four members and one visitor

present.

The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved.
The treasurer, Mr. Davis, reported that the Journal account was short of
funds and on motion of Mr. Joutel the treasurer was authorized to transfer
the necessary funds from the Society's account.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following
exchanges :

Stett. Entomol. Zeit., LXXH, No. i.
Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 19 10, No. 5.

Jahresheft d. Vereins fur Schlesische Insecktenkunde, 191 0, No. 3.
Anales del Museo Nacional, XI, Ser. 3.

Verhandl. d. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesellschaft Wien, LX, Nos. 4, 5, 6.
New Moths of the Genus Trichostibas by August Busk.
Memorias do Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, II, No. i.
Coleoptera of Indiana by W. S. Blatchley.

Catalogue of Odonata of North America by R. A. Muttkowsky.
The librarian requested that short notes for publication in the Journal
be transmitted to the secretary.

The curator, Dr. Uitz, exhibited and spoke of the Coleoptera presented to
the local collection by Mr. Angell, also moths presented by Mr. Comstock.
Dr. Osburn exhibited a photograph of Dr. Zabriskie.

Mr. Sleight announced that he had been appointed to receive photographs
connected with field trips of the members and exhibited several presented by
Mr. Davis and Mr. Engelhardt.

Mr. Grossbeck proposed as active members of the Society, Dr. Wm. T. M.
Forbes, of Rutgers College, New Brunsick, N. J., and Mr. E. E. Phillips, 201
Park Ave., Plainfield, N. J.

On motion of Mr. Angell the by-laws were suspended and the secretary
instructed to cast a single ballot for the election of these members.

Mr. Groth announced the death of a former member of the Society, Dr.
Otto Seifert, on October 20.

On motion of Mr. Harris, Mr. Groth was requested to write for the Journal
an obituary notice, including an account of Dr. Seifert's entomological work.

Dr. Southwick read a paper on the " Food of Insects." He particularly
discussed the food plants of butterflies and moths, mentioning the special food
of most of the United States species. He exhibited mounted specimens of a
great many of the plants mentioned, which are to form part of the collection
of food plants to be deposited in the Museum and used in connection with the
local collection of insects.

26G Journal Xew York Entomological Society. ['^'o'- ^i^-

Mr. Joutel in speaking of a new species of Cleridae stated that he had
received one specimen from Mrs. Slosson from Franconia, N, H., one speci-
men from Dr. Felt taken at Saranac Lake, N. Y., and another taken in Maine.
In connection with these he exhibited a closely allied species from Europe,
Thanasimus rufipes, which on closer study may prove to be identical with his
species.

Dr. Love exhibited his collection of wasps of the genus Vespa. He com-
mented upon the characters and distribution of the different species, mention-
ing the following species as occurring locally : crabro, Carolina, diaboUca,
germanica, maculata, vidua, vulgaris, consobrina and borealis, the last having
been collected by Mr. Davis at Newfoundland, N. J. He remarked that Vespa
communis is a synonym of V. vulgaris and V. pennsylvanica a synonym of
V. germanica. Photographs of the nest and comb as well as specimens were
shown to illustrate the life history and development of V. crabro. He remarked
on the peculiar color of the nest of V. crabro and Mr. Davis stated that the
difference was due to the fact that this species prefers to use new wood fiber,
especially lilac, for the construction of its lighter colored nests.

Mr. Engelhardt remarked that he and Mr. Davis had collected quite a
number of the black variety of Herodes liypophleas on Long Island. He thought
that it was usually not at all common on Long Island but had been informed
that it had been taken previously near Brooklyn. He had also taken the
melanic form of Phyciodes tharos at Yaphank, Long Island.

Mr. Pollard reported that Mr. Comstock had presented a specimen of
Carabus nemoralis to the Staten Island Association, which had lieen taken in
Newark, N. J., last May.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of November is, 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P. M., with
President C. W. Leng in the chair, and twenty-two members and two visitors
present.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following
exchanges :

Canad. Entomol., XLII, Nos. 10, 11.

Zeitschrift f. wissenschaftliche Insecktenbiologie, VI, Nos. 8, 9, 10.

Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1910, No. 5.

Wiener Entomol. Zeitung, XXIX, Nos. 7, 8.

Japanese Sawflies in the Coll. of the U. S. Nat. Mus. by S. A. Rower.

The Thorax of the Hymenoptera by R. E, Snodgrass.

Coleopterorum Catalogus, parts 20, 21.

Entomol. Blotter, II-VI.

Dr. Lu^z announced that Major Wirt Robinson had recently visited the
Museum to look at the local collection and had contributed a number of inter-
esting specimens. He also mentioned contributions from Mr. Angell and Mr.
Pollard.

Dec, 191 1.] Proceedings of the Society. 267

Mr. Osburn and Mr. Sleight reported the receipt of a number of photo-
graphs to add to the collection.

Mr. Engelhardt presented the name of Mr. Rowland R. McElvare, 231
Decatur St., Brooklyn, as an active member. On motion, the by-laws were
suspended and the secretary instructed to cast a single ballot for the election
of Mr. McElvare.

Mr. Hallinan, through Mr. Davis, presented two interesting letters to add
to the collection of letters of eminent entomologists, one from A. S. Packard,
dated October 23, 1871, and the other from Samuel Lockburn, dated May 25,
1869.

Mr. Engelhardt related his travelling experiences in a short trip to the
Adirondack Mountains in September, when he visited Ausable Chasm, Keene
Valley, Cascade Lakes and Lake Placid. Among others the following insects
were shown : Lepidoptera — Catocala relicta, Fylina baileyi, petulca, disposita,
unimoda, georgii, Litholomia napal, Lithomoia germana, Polia sp., Hyphoraia
partJienos cocoon, Notolophtis antigua, Dryobota jjlocato ; Coleoptera — Dytiscus
harrisii, Ilydrobius globosus, Cicindela rcpanda, var. 12— guttata, Dicerca pro-
longata, Adelocera brevicornis, Meloe angusticollis, the last named abundant at
Cascade Lakes ; Orthoptera — Pezatettix glacialis, on hazel nut at Lake Placid ;
Hymenoptera — Bombus ternarius, perplexus, fervidns, terricola and an undeter-
mined species ; Diptera — Spilomyia quadrifasciata, fusca and Conops sp.

Mr. Olsen read an account of some experiments he had made in rearing
Corniopepla carnifex in order to determine the life history. As the eggs were
sucked dry by the young bugs, he had found it necessary to isolate these as
soon as hatched.

Mr. Leng read a paper on " Variable Maculation in Coccinellidse." He
commented on the great range of maculation and tendency to variation in the
members of this family and referred to some recent papers by Roswell Johnson
and Major Casey in which are described a number of new species founded on
slight differences of maculation and which in his opinion should not in many
cases be given varietal rank as it is possible to find in a large series intergrading
forms. Mr. Leng's entire paper is printed in the body of the Journal.

In this connection Dr. Lutz exhibited specimens of the common asparagus
beetle showing three different color variations which had been given varietal
names by European Coleopterists. When interbreeding these varieties Dr. Lutz
found that they held constant.

Mr. Engelhardt exhibited a number of Cleis picta from Claremont, N. H.,
to show the degree of variation in this species of Coccinellidse. Mr. Dickerson
referred to the range of variation in the Coccinellid, Hyperaspis signata, which
feeds on the cottony cushion scale of the maple, in which certain specimens
had an extra apical spot on the elytra, Mr. Davis exhibited a number of the
local species of Coccinellidae, showing variation in the typical maculation,
which in some cases was due to injury in the early stages, in others the right
and left elytra were unlike. Mr. Hyde exhibited some cocoons of spiders
illustrating an excellent method of preparing these for exhibitions.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited specimens of butterflies of Papilio dardanus subsp.

268 Journal New York Entomological Society. [N'oI. xix.

cenea, showing sexual dimorphism and variation in each of the sexes. These
forms represent also hippocoon and trophonius.

Mr. Comstock stated that he had captured Vanessa milberti at Newark
during the past summer.

It was moved and carried that work be resumed on the local collection on
Saturday afternoon.

Society adjourned.

Meeting of December 6, 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P. M., with
President C. W. Leng in the chair and sixteen members and one visitor present.

The treasurer, Mr. Davis, reported that the society had a balance of
$1,083.84 and the Journal of $20.59 with all costs of the current volume
settled.

The curator. Dr. Lutz, reported that Mr. Sherman had prepared a list of
the aqviatic Coleoptera in the local collection and that he. Dr. Lutz, had pre-
pared and had typewritten copies of useful synoptic keys for various families
especially of certain aquatic groups. He asked for further contributions to
these synoptic tables.

Mr. Schaeffer, for the Publication Committee, reported that all manuscript
for the fourth number of the Journal had been sent to the printer with the
index of the current volume and it was hoped that the December number would
be ready for distribution during the month.

Mr. Groth exhibited a few boxes of the collection of Arctiida belonging
to the late Otto Seifert, particularly some of the specimens with which Dr.
Seifert conducted experiments with temperature effects on the early stages.
Mr. Groth stated that Dr. Seifert's family had left the entire collection in his
hands for disposal and he urged the importance of keeping the experimental
collection of Arctiid.x as well as certain other groups of Lepidoptera which had
also been the subject of experiment, in the possession of the Society.

Dr. Lutz spoke of the value of this kind of work and said that the
Museum, which already had type material of experimental work from To\ver
and others would be glad to obtain such collections.

Mr. Angell moved that Mr. Groth ascertain if the family of Dr. Seifert
were willing to accept $250.00 for the experimental part of the collection ;
and in that case to raise the amount by private subscription among the mem-
bers of the Society and present the collection to the Museum in appreciation of
what it had done for the Society.

Mr. William T. Davis stated that eleven species of Cicadidae had been
found within fifty miles of New York City and exhibited specimens
of all but one of them. He pointed out how they might be separated and gave
some description of the song of each species and also of the distribution as far
as known.

As the 17-year Cicada is due in the Hudson River valley in 191 1, some
attention was paid to the past history of the brood on Staten Island and

Dec, 191 !•] Proceedings of the Society. 269

extracts were read from the Proceedings of the Staten Island Association for
1894. Between 1877 and 1894 the insect was found on the Island seven different
summers, sometimes in considerable numbers as in 1881, when another brood
was represented, now known as No. VI. From 1894 to 191 1 the presence of
the insect was noted during eight years, 1898, as was to be expected, being one
of those during which they were quite numerous.

Mr. Barber, under title of "Some Results of Sifting" gave a description
of a swamp near Roselle Park N. J., in which he had at various times of the
year sifted rather thoroughly. He referred to its excellency as a collecting
ground throughout the year but particularly recommended it as a good sifting
ground. He exhibited a collection of insects recently taken in sifting there by
Mr, Leng, Mr. Davis, Dr. Lutz and himself, among which were a number of
good species, especially a new species, representing a new genus of Staphylinidse.
Photographs of the swamp taken by Mr. Davis were also shown.

Mr. Leng referred to a series of Coccinella g-notata from Erie, Pa., taken
by Mr. Hallinan and pointed out certain variations in these and compared them
with a series of the same species from Fort Wingate, N. Mex. ; at one extreme.
in the latter series, were almost immaculate forms, corresponding with one of
Casey's species ; at the other extreme, were forms with the spots well devel-
oped, corresponding with the more feebly marked specimens in the series from
Erie, Pa. At the other extreme of the Erie series, were many specimens with
the spots enlarged and in part coalescent, illustrating the variability of the
maculation in both series and the tendency to increased blackness in the more
northern form.

Meeting of December 20, 1910.

Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P. M. with
President C. W. Leng in the chair and twenty-six members and two visitors
present.

The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following
exchanges :

Deutsche Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1910, No. 6.

Canadian Entomologist, XLII, No. 12.

Coleopterorum Catalogus, parts 22, 23.

Ten papers on Noctuidse by Professor John B. Smith.

The curator, Dr. Lutz, reported that the local collection had received a
number of Macrolepidoptera from the Staten Island Association of Arts and
Sciences through the kindness of Mr. Pollard.

Dr. Osburn exhibited photograhps, recently acquired by the society, of
Geo. H. Horn, Henry Ulke and William T. Davis. On motion of Mr. Davis,
the refreshment committee were asked to provide refreshments at the annual
meeting on January 3.

Mr. Grossbeck proposed as an active member of the society, Mr. C. R.
Plunkett, Flushing, L. I. Upon motion, the by-laws were suspended and the
secretary was instructed to cast a single ballot for the election of Mr.
Plunkett.

270 JouKXAL Xew York Entomological Society. r\"oi. xix.

Mr. Pollard moved that the President appoint a committee of three to
consult with a similar committee from the Brooklyn Entomological Society, in
reference to a joint dinner to be given sometime later in the winter. Carried.
The President appointed Messrs. Pollard, Angell and Engelhardt as such
committee.

Dr. Southwick moved that a committee be appointed by the chair to
nominate candidates for office, so that they could be voted upon at the annual
meeting on January 3. The chair appointed Messrs, Southwick. Lutz and
Sleight as a nominating committee.

The secretary presented the resignations of Dr. J. H. Stebbins, Jr.. and
Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno. Upon motion they were duly accepted.

Dr. Lutz briefly reviewed a number of recent entomological contributions
to the literature of evolution, laying special emphasis upon the relation between
chromosomes and sex, and the inheritance of sexually dichromatic variations.

Dr. Osburn under the title " Remarks on the Genus Syrphtis Auctt " stated
that it was a large genus containing 225 species, 64 of which occur in the
United States, and 9 or 10 locally within the fifty-mile limit. He mentioned
the characters used in the classification of this group and spoke of the synon-
ymy which is in rather a tangled condition. Dr. Osburn exhibited his collec-
tion and also a specimen of Conops reared by Mr. Engelhardt from a Bombus
collected at Yaphank. L. I.

Mr. Hallinan exhibited a number of Panama dragonflies. He remarked that
a lizard which was common in Panama fed upon these insects, as he found out
by examining the contents of its stomach. He suggested that therefore
possibly the lizard indirectly helps to cause the abundance of mosquitoes.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited specimens of different species of beetles which
were captured in coitit. for instance: Lycostonius fcmoratus t^ in coitii with
Lycostomns loripes $ and Diachus catariiis t^ in coitu with Diachus auratus $.

Mr. Charles L. Pollard, under the title " A Remarkable Dragonfly," dis-
cu.ssed the specimen taken by him at Wilmington, N. C, August i, 1909, which
was determined by Currie as Gomphoides ambigua, a Mexican species not here-
tofore reported from the United States. Mr. Pollard stated that the insect had
been submitted for examination to Professor Philip P. Calvert, who considered
it to exhibit characters midway between Gomphoides ambigiia and (7. producla.
so that it is scarcely referable to any existing species. In any case it is the
northernmost record for any dragonfly of this essentially tropical genus.

Society adjourned.

H. G. Barber,

Secretary.

Index to Names of Insects and
Plants in Volume XIX.

Generic names begin with a capital, specific names with a small letter.
New genera, subgenera, species, subspecies, varieties and noiuina nova are
printed in italics.

Abbella, 185
Ablerus, 184

clisiocampae, 184
Acall^s carmatus, 215
Acanlholoma denticulata, i(
Acanthomyops claviger, 262
Acodiplosis, 61
Acorhynchus, 42

longicollis, 42
Acroectasis, 48

maura, 48
Acylophorus flavipes, 213
Adelocera brevicornis, 267
Adimerus, 114, 115
Adiplosis, 61
Agenia, 219, 221, 222

accepta, 222
Ageniella, 222

accepta, 234

annecta, 233

apicipennis, 234

atrata, 234

birkmanni, 234

blaisdelli, 233, 234

brevis, 234

calcarata, 234

congrua, 234

cupida, 234

euphorbias ?, 234

externa, 234

iridipennis, 234

perfecta, 234

petiolata, 234

rufigaster, 234

texana, 234

virginica, 234
Agenioxenus, 220
Agrilus fuscipennis, 211
Agroperina indela, 154
Agylla, 151

nivea, 152

septentrionalis, 151

Alabama argillacea, 259
Alaus myops, 214
Aleochara bipustulata, 213

brachyptera, 213
Aleochara curtula, 213

defecta, 213

lustrica, 213
Allocyphonyx, 222
Allodiplosis, 41, 61

crassus, 41

Iseviusculi, 61
Alphitobius diaperinus, 215
Alydus conspersus, 30, 31

eurinus, 29, 30

pilosulus, 30

pluto, 30, 31

rufescens, 29, 30 ,,,.

scutellatus, 30

setosus, 30
Amara glacialis, 128
Amaurosiphon, 57
Ametrodiplosis, 49
Amphicoma, 211

vulpina, 211, 214
Anagrus, 187

armatus, 187
Anaphes, 187

iole, 188

nigrellus, 188

pratensis, 188

sinipennis, 187
Anaphoidea, 187

pullicrura, 187
Andricus pomiformis, 168
Andropolia, 136, 137

diversilineata, 137

illepida, 137, 138, i39

olga, 139

submissa, 138

theodori, 136
Anisodactylus, 114

fervus, 114

271

272

JouRXAL Xew York Entomological Society.

lodingi, 114

piceus, 127

sayi, 127
Anisota senatoria, 265
Anoplius, 221, 224

illinoi&ensis, 224

virginiensis, 224
Anthicus confinis, 215
Anthonomus nubilus, 215

sulci frons. 215
Anthrenus, 200
Anurocampa, 161

fasciatus, 200

isabellinus, 200
Antichira, 54

striata, 54
Antiora, 161
Antitype, 134

uintara, 135
Apenes sinuata, 213
Aphelinoidea, 185

seinifuscipennis, 185
Aphelinus, 181, 182, 184

fuscipennis, 181, 184

mali, 184

mytilaspidis, 184
Aphidiotiphagus, 184

citrinus, 184
Aphidoletes, 53

abietis, 53
Aphodius fimetarius, 214

guttatus, 128

stercorosus, 214
Apiomerus crassipes, 112, 264
Aplonyx, 42

chenopodii, 42
Aporincllus, 22^

apicatus, 230

fasciatus. 230, 231

ferrugineiceps, 230

laliceps, 230, 231

riifiis, 230
Aporus, 221

fasciatus, 223
Apriona bidentata, 34
Aprionus, 34
Apteralium carolinse, 213
Arachnophroctonus, 221, 224
Araphe, 28

Carolina, 28

cicindeloides, 28, 29

mimetica, 28
Arctium, 88
Argynnis diana, 219
Arhopalus fulminans, 215
Arnoldia, 44

minor, 44

Arrhenophagus, 177

chionaspidis, 177
Artemisia, 88
Arthrocnodax, 57

vitis, 57

picipennis, 213
Arthrolips marginicollis, 213
Asaphes bilobatus, 214
Asphondylia, 47, 48, 58

transversa, 48
Aspidiotus perniciosus, 184

uvae, 184. 187
Asteromyia, 42
Asynapta, 40

lugubris, 39

pectoralis, 40
Atemeles, 163, 166, 167

paradoxus, 166
Atheta, 127

picipennis. 213
Atlanticus dorsalis, 218
Atrichosema, 57

aceris, 57
Atta, 245

caroli, 248, 249

cryslallina, 247

hartmani 251

irrorata, 247

obscurior, 246, 247

Seminole, 2^,"/

septentrionalis, 245, 246

tardigrada, 247

turrifex. 248, 249

vertebrata, 246
Attelabus analis, 215

nigripes. 216
Aulacaspis rosse, 178
Axion 3-punctulatum, 7
Azelina, 90,
Azenia, 159

pulchra, 159

Badister notatus, 213
Balboceras lazarus, 214
Baldratia, 42

saliconiae. 42
Banasa sordida, 198
Bardylis, 177
Barnesia ritaria, 62
Bassareus congestus, 215

formosus, 215
Batazonus. 221, 224
Batyle suturalis, 215
Belostoma, 100, loi. 102, 103, 104, 106

flumineum, 99, 104, 105
Bembex, 251
Bembidium, 203

Index.

273

Benacus, 105

griseus, loi
Bertieria, 43
Blothrus magnus, 76, 79
Boletobius cinctus, 213
Bolitochara 3-maculata, 213
Bombus, 270

americanorum, 180

perplexus, 267

ternarius, 267

terricola, 267

Buprestis fasciata, 214

Brachista, 184

Brachislella, 184, 185

acuminata, 185
Brachyacantha, 171
metator, 8
4-punctata, 169, 170, 171. ^7^,

173, 213
ursina, 171, 17-2
Brachydiplosis, 60

caricum, 60
Brachyneura, 38

fuscogrisea, 38
Brachynus, 127
Braueriella, 58
Bremia, 44, S3
Bruchus alboscutellatus, 215
discoideus, 129
nigrinus, 215
Scutellaria, 215
Bruggmanniella, 47
braziliensis, 47
Brumus davisi, 203

septentrionalis, 203
Bryocrypta, 39

dubia, 39
Bryomyia, 35

bergrothi, 35
Bryophila, 85

Caeliodes acephalus, 215

nebulosus, 215
Caenocara bicolor, 214
Calamodiplosis, 56
Calicurgus, 221
Caligo, 128
Calodiplosis, 52

parinarii, 52
Calosoma eremicola, 114

riigosipennis, 113
Callicarpa americana, 251
Calloides mormonus, 124

nobilis, 124
Camponotus, 163, 167

americanus, 167, 168

anthrax, 96

auricomus, 169
castaneus, 167, 168
clarithorax, 168, 169
discolor, 168, 169
fallax, 98, 168, 169
ferrugineus, 167, 168
herculeanus, 98, 167, 168, 169
levigatus, 168, 169
ligniperda, 167, 168
modoc, 168, 169
nearcticus, 98
noveboracensis, 167, 168
pennsylvanicus, 167, 168
sayi, 98
whymperi, 98
Camptomyia, 41
binotata, 41
Camptoneuromyia, 43
Camptoptera, 186

clavata, 186
C'ampylomyza, 34
flavipes, 34
hirsuta, 35
Canthon chalcites, 217
nigricornis, 217
viridis, 217
Carabus, 217

limbatus, 211, 217
nemoralis, 266
Carduus, 88

Carpophilus brachypterus, 214
calif ornicus, 115
deflexus, 116
hemipterus, 130
ignobilis, 116
niger, 130
rufiventris, iiS
Carynota, 19S
mera, 19S
Caryomyia, 56
Casca, 177
Catocala, 206

relicta, 267
Catocha, 31

latipes, 31
Ceanothus, 233
Cebrio bicolor, 214
Cecidogona, 31
Cecidomyia albipennis, 42
albitarsis, 40
brachyptera, 51
crassipes, 57
destructor, 45
fagi, 46
floricola, 56
inulje, 61
karnerensis, 61

274

Journal Xew York Entomological Society.

lateritia, 41

lobata, 59

longicollis, 40

nigritarsis, 60

obesa, 60

orbiculata, 61

photophila, 59

pilosellje, 44

quercus, 44

sarothamni, 47

toxicodendri, 61

tubicola, 56

viminalis, 43
Cedaria ritaria, 62
Centrinus scutellum-album, 216
Centrodiplosis, 56

crassipes, 56
Centrodora, 181
Ceratomyia, 33

johannscni, 33
Ceresa bubalus, 15

taurina, 15
Cerma, 85

cuerva, 85

fascia, 85

flavidior, 85

galva, 85

nana, 83

oaklandicc, 84,

sarepta, 85
Ceropales, 219, 220
Ceuthophilus lapidicola, 217

uhleri, 217
Chsephora fungorum, 89
Chaetocnema confinis, 215

denticulata, 215
Chastomera, 37

bella, 37
Chionaspis americana, 183

furfura, 183, 184
Chelanops corticis, 75, 79

floridse, 76, 79

oblongus, 79

pallidus, 76, 78

sanborni, 76, 79
Chelifer cancroides, 66, 67, 71,

73, 74. 77

degeneratus, 74

europaeus, 73

granulatus, 7;^

hermanni, 73

ixoides, 73

scarbriculus, 71, 74

muricatus, 71, y^

rhododactylus, 73
Chion cinctus, 215
Chloridea, 153

72,

Chlorion ichneumonea, 218
Chlorocleptria imperialis, 152

simplex, 153
Choristoneura, 43
Chrysobothris 6-signata, 214
Chthonius longipalpus, 77, 80

mcestus, 80

pennsylvanicus, 80
Cicada, 261, 268

engelhardti, 216

sayi, 216
Cicindela, 216, 263

i2-guttata, 264, 267

generosa, 203

limbalis, 199

punctulata, 217

repanda, 267

rufiventris, 217

6-guttata, 210, 216, 218

unipunctata, 216
Cincticornia, 48
Cis, 127

Cleis pacta, 267
Clinodiplosis, 54

coriscii. 56

oculiperda, 53

thalictricola, 49
Clinorhiza, 39
Clinorhyncha, 42, 43
Clinorhytis, 40

flavitarsis, 40
Clivina americana,
Cnemodus, 25

mavortius, 26
Coccidomyia, 45

pcnnsyh'anica,
Coccinella distincta, 173

9-notata, 9, 10, 269

subversa, 9
Coccomorpha, 44
Coccophagus, 183

lecanii, 183
Colomyia. 39

clavata, 39
Colpodia, 40

angustipennis,

longimana, 39
Compsodiplosis, 62

luteoalbida, 62
Conocephalus triops,
Conops, 267

pictus, 264
Conotelus obscurus, 116

piincfatus, 116
Conotrachelus albocinctus, 215

posticatus, 215
Contarinia, 50, 51

213

45

40

!l8

Index.

276

filicis, 49
viburni, 51
Coprodiplosis, 60
Coptocycla purpurata, 215
Coquillettomyia, 54
Cordylomyia, 35

coprophila, 35
Corinihomyia, 35
Cormopepla carnifex, 267
Corticaria, 214
Corymbites 3-vittatus, 210
Coscinoptera dominicana, 166
Cosmocoma cetripes, 21

maculipes, 22
Courteia, 62

graminis, 62
Cregya mixta, 214
Cremastocheilus castanese, 166, 210,

214
Crotalaria, 198

sagittalis, 197
Cryptarcha ampla. 214
Cryptocephalus calidus, 215
guttulatus, 215
mutabilis, 215
obsoletus, 215
4-gtxttatus, 215
Cryptocheilus, 222
agenoides, 236
alienatus, 235
arcuatus, 235
comparatus, 235
conicus, 236
facetus, 23s
fortis, 235
fulgifrons, 23S
germanus, 236
incitus, 234, 23s
nebulosus, 236
nigripes, 235
nothus, 235
nuperus, 235
pseneparcus, 235
placitus, 23s
pompilus, 236
scitula, 235
subopacns, 235
validus, 23s
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, I74
Cryptophagus, 130
acutangulus, 130
confertus, 130
debilis. 130
CucuJLis clavipes, 213
Cychrannis zimmermanni, 214
Cychrus violaceus, 212, 213
Cyclocephala immaculata, 214

Cylene robiniae, 203
Cylindrocera, 48
Cyphomyrmex, 248
Cyrtusa egena, 213

picipennis, 213
Cystiphora, 44

pilosellse, 44
Cystodiplosis, 62

longipennis, 62

Dactylopius, 174
Danais erippus, 131

plexippus, 131, 199
Daphnephila, 48

haasi, 48
Dasyneura, 43

leguminicola, 14
luteofusca, 43
virginica, 43
Delodiplosis, 60
copaibse, 60
Deltometopus amcenicomis, 214,

rufipes, 214
Demas electa, 134

flavicomis, 133, 134
infanta, 133, 134
Dendrolimus juvenalis, 82
Dentifibula, 51
Dennestes frischii, 206
Diachus auratus, 215, 270

catarius, 270
Diadiplosis, 54

cocci, 54, 55
Dialytes striatulus, 214
Diallactes, 39
croceus, 39
artemisice, 45
Diarthronomyia, 45
Dicerca prolongata, 267
Dicerura, 40

scirpicola, 40
Dichelomyia, 43
Dichodiplosis langeni, 53
Dichrona, 58

gallarum, 58
Dicraneurus, 40
Dicrodiplosis, 52, 53
fasciata, 53
podophyllae, 53
Didactylomyia, 39
Dineutes robertsi, 11, 213

vittatus, II, 216
Dinopsis americanus, 213
Diomyza, 44
Diplosis buxi, 58
centaureae, 58
cilicrus, 54

261

276

Journal Xew York Entomological Society.

coniophaga, 54

decorata, 53

dryobia, 60

equestris 58

galliperda, 61

glyceriae, 59

liebeli, 56

niarsupialis, 57

mediterranea, 52

phillyrcre, 58

pntcox, 60

tremulse, 60
Dirhiza, 41

Disonycha 5-vittata, 215
Ditemnus bidentatus, 214
Donacia, 211

subtilis, 215
Dorycephalus platyrhynchus, 22
Drapetes geminatus, 214
Drom;colus marseudi, 214
Dromius piceus, 213
Dryobota illocato, 267
Dryomyia, 44

circinans, 44
Dryops, 118

lithophilus, 214
Dyodiplosis, 62
Dytiscus doricus, 128
harrisii, 267
parvulus, 128

Eburia 4-geminata, 215
Elaphrus obliteratus, 128
Elater collaris, 214

militaris, 214
Elateropsi's, 264
Elmis, 118, 120

glaber, 118

moestus, 118
Elsianus. 118, 120

robustus, 119

tc.ranus, 119
Elytroleptus floridanus, 206
Emmesa labiata, 215
Emphor bombiformis, 131, 238, 264
Enchenopa binotata, 18
Endaphis, 50

perfidus, 50
Ephestia interpunctella, 130
Epidiplosis, 59

sayi. 59
Epidosis. 40
Epierus regularis, 213
Epimyia. 38

Carolina, 38
Episyron,, 221, 223

alrytone, 229, 230

biguttatus, 230

californicus, 230

inaneei, 230

porus, 229

posterus, 229

S-notatus, 229

snowi, 229
Epitrix cucumeris, 215

fuscula, 215
Epizeuxis lubricalis, 160

parvulalis, 160
Eudiplosis, 51
Eumenes colona, 264
Eriococcus, 174
Eristalis tenax, 130
Eros nigripes, 121

thoracicus, 214
Erosomyia, 49

mangifera, 49
Esuris, 27

castanea, 2-j

purpurata. 2~
Eupactus nitidus. 214
Euphoria fulgida, 214
Euplexia brillians, 158
Eurotype, 136
Eurytomocharis, 21
Eustrophus repandtis. 215

Feltiella, 54

tetranychi, 54
Formica, 163, 167

camponoticeps. 172

consocians, 166

exsectoides, 164. 168, 2t8

incerta, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168

pallide-fulva, 167

pilicornis, 168

rubicunda, 166, 168

rufa, 172, 173

rufibarbis, 1 66

sanguinea, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168

schauffussi, 164, 167, 168

subintegra, 166

subpolita, 168. 169

subsericea, 218
Frauenfeldiella, 58

coussapoie, 58
Frirenia, 37

tenella, 37
Furcinerva, 31
Fylina baileyi, 267

disposita, 267

georgii, 267

petulca, 267

unimoda, 267

Galerucella americana, 215

Index.

277

notulata, 215
Gastrolobiuin bicolor, 213
Geisenheyneria, 56

rhenana, 56
Geodiplosis, 52

ranunculi, 52
Geotrupes balyi, 214
Giardomyia, 59
Glossonotus, 195

acuminatus, 196

univittatus, 196
Gloveria venerabilis, 83
Glyphonyx testaceus, 214
Glyptoscelis pubescens, 215
Gomphoides ambigua, 270

producta, 270
Gonioclema, 39

pauxillula, 39
Grotella, 152, i53

olivacea, 152
Guarephila, 45

albida, 45
Gyrophsena corruscula, 213

vinula, 213

Hadena diversilineata, 137, 138, i39

impulsa, 143
HadencECUs puteanus, 217
Haloplus cribrarius, 128
Haltica amcEna, 215

chalybea. 215
Haplandrus ater, 215

femoratus, 215
Haplodiplosis, 58
Haplusia, 37

plumipes, 37
Harmandia, 60
Harpalus, 202

caliginosus, 207

erythropvis, 213

fulvilabris, 128

spadiceus, 213

vagans, 213
Helichus, 118
Helmis, 118

ornatus, 120
Hemileuca olivia, 264
Herodes hypopheas, 266
Heterelmis latiusculus, 118

nitidulus, 118

obscurus, 118
Heteropeza, 36

pygmaea, 36
Hibiscus moschatus, 241
Hicorea villosa, 251
Hippiscus, 218
Hippodamia convergens, 8, 9

glacialis, 7

parenthesis, 213

spuria, 9
Hister carolinus, 213 ■

defectus, 213

dispar, 213

exaratus, 213

perplexus, 213
Holoneura, 41

cincta, 41
Holoneurus, 41

elongatus, 191

occidentalis, 190
Homoeogamia mohavensis, 263

subdiaphana, 263
Homohadena, 15 3, 158

rustica, iS7
Hoplandria lateralis, 213
Hoplia modesta, 214
Hoplinus, 24
Horniomyia, 56, 58

arenariae, 62

rubra, 56
Hydriomene mediodentata, i6(>
Hydrobius globosus, 267
Hydroecia, 88, 90, 202
Hyperaspis, 7, 8

binotata, i74

reppensis, 72, 173

signata, 174, 267
Hyperdiplosis, 59

americana, 192
eupatorii, 193
Hyperplatys maculatus, 215
Hyphoraia parthenos, 267
latropha stimulosa, 251

Ideobisium rufulum, 79
Ips fasciatus, 214

obtusus, 214
Iridomyza, 40
Isodiplosis, 59

involuta, 59
Isosoma hordev, 22
Itonida, 61
Ittys, 184

cerasarum, 184

Jalysus, 24

elongatus. 23, 24

multispinosus, 24

perclavatus, 24

spinosus, 23, 24

wickhami 24
Janetia, 44
Janetiella, 46

thymi, 46

278

Journal New York Entomological Society.

Japetus, 28

sphseroides, 28
Joanissia, 32, 33

aurantiaca, 32
Johnsonomyia, 37

rubra, 37

Karschomyia, 54
Kiefferia, 48

Lactica iris, 215
Lachnosterna grandis, 214
Largus succinctus, 113, 203
Lasioptera, 42

carbonifera, 42

chrysanthemi, 42

obtusa, 43

vitinea, 42
Lasiopteryx, 44

flavotibialis, 192

obfuscata, 44

schwarsi, 1 9 1
Lasius aphidicola, 169, 173, 174

claviger, 172, 262

umbratus, 169
Latridius minutus, 128
Lebia, 202

pumila, 213

viridis, 213
Lecanium, 45
Ledomyiella, 38

succini, 38
Lema solani, 210, 215
Lepidomyia, 44
Leptinotarsus, 9
Leptoschema discalceatum 214
Leptosyna, 37

acutipennis, 37
Leptura aurata, 210

bifora, 207

emarginata. 215

proxima, 215
Lethocerus, loi, 104

americanum, 105
Lestodiplosis, 54, 59

7-guttata, 59
Lestreniia, 31

cinerea, 31
Libellula flavida, 219
Liebeliola, 39

prosopidis, 39
Limnius. 118
Lipocosma albibasalis, 161
Liquidambar styraciflua, 194, 195
Litholomia napal, 267
Lixus, 248

scrobicollis, 215

Lithomoia germana, 267
Lithomyza, 2^

condita, 32
Lobodiplosis, 54, 59, 60
Lobopteromyia, 49, 50
Loewiola, 58
Lomechusa, 163 165, 166, 167

strumosa, 163, 164 165
Longitarsus testaceus, 215
Lopesia, 41

parinarii, 41
Lopeziella, 41

combreti, 41
Lophopompilus, 221, 224

aethiops, 224

atrox, 224
Luperodes, 193

davisi, 193, 215

thoracicus, 193, 194
Lyciomyia, 46

gracilis, 46
Lycostomus, 120

femoratus, 120, 270

fulvellus, 120, 121

lineicollis, 120

loripes, 121, 270

simulans, 121

tabidus, 121
Lygseus bicrucis, 113, 264
Lyganthcecia bimatris, 152

carolinensis, 152
Lyroda subita, 242

Macrodiplosis, 60
Macrolabis, 44
Malthodes concavus, 214
Mamestra, 135

basivirida, 154

cuneata 135

hanhami, 155
Mangifera indica, 50
Masalongia, 56
Mayetia, 45
Mayetiola, 45
Megalodacne heros, 213
Megapenthes granulosus, 214

rufilabris, 214
Meinertomyia, 37
Melandrya striata, 215
Melanoporus, 222
Melanotus, 127

communis, 214

fissilis, 214
Meloe angusticollis, 267
Mellisodes, 238
Mestocharis, 179, 180

wilderi. 179

Index.

279

zvilliamsoni, 1 79
Metadiplosis, 59
spinosa, 59
Metaleptus femoratus, 124

gracilis, 124
Meunieria, 36, 42

succini, 36
Meunieriella, 42

dalechampias, 42
Miastor, 36, 200, 201

metraloas, 36
Michthysoma, 210
Microcerata, 32
Microdiplosis, 57

zainbezensis, 57
Microdon tristis, 166
Micromyia, 34

corni, 32

lucorum, 34
Mikiola, 46
Mimosciara, 31
Molobraea, 31
Monachus ater, 215
Monardia, 35

stirpium, 35
Monarthropalpus, 58
Monima, 145, 147, 157

agravens, 157

caloramica, 156, 157

flaviannula, 157

hepatica, 156, 157

mys, 156

transparens, 156
Monocrepidius vespertinus, 214
Monodicrana, 36

terminalis, 36
Monodiplosis, 56
Monoedus, 114, 115

guttatus, IIS
Monophylla californica, 122, 123, 124

pallipes, 122. 123, 124

ruficollis, 122, 123

substriata, 122, 123

ruficollis. 121

terminata, 121, 122, 124
Mordella borealis, 128
Mordellistena bicinctella, 215
Morpho, 128
Mycetophagus. 131

flexuosus, 213

pluriguttatus. 216

punctatus, 213

serrulatus. 213
ATycetosorites hartmani, 251
Mycodiplosis, 54

acerina, 54

lobata, 54

viburni, 54
Mycophila fungicola, 2,3
Mygnimia, 221
Myllaena intermedia, 213
Myodites stylopides, 215
Mymar, 92, 188

pulchellum, 93, 94, 188, 189

venustum, 188, 189
Mymarilla, 92
Myricomyia, 52
Myrmecosalius, 222
Myrmica levinodis, 163

rubra, 163

rugulosa, 163

scabrinodis, 163

Narthecophora pulverea, 152
Necrophlebia, 2,7

volitans, 37
Necrophorus americanus, 213

marginatus, 213

orbicollis, 213
Neides caducus, 24
Nematodes atropos, 214
Nemognatha piezata, 215
Neocerata, 43
Neoclytus, 206
Neolasioptera, 42
Neostenoptera, 36
Nepa, 103, 105, 106

apiculata, 99, 100, loi

oculata, 99
Neptunia, 159

pulchra, 159
Neurolyga, 34
Neuromyia, 44

Nezara pennsylvanica, 113, 264
Nitidula bipustulata, 214

nigra, 116, 117

rufipes, 116, 117
Nocloa, 159

contrasta, 159

dissimilis, 159
Notocyphus, 220, 222
Notolophus antigua, 267
Notonecta undulata, 103

Obisium brunneum, y6, 79
Obolodiplosis, 61
Ochria, 88

flavago, 88, 89

sauzcelita, 88
Octodiplosis, 59
Odontsus cornigerus, 214
Odontota notata, 215
Odontodiplosis. 61
CEdionychis limbalis, 215

280

Journal Xew York Entomological Society,

thoracica, 215

vians, 215
CEstodes tenuicolHs, 214
Olibrus pallipes, 213
Oligarces, 28

paradoxus, 38
Oligosita americana, 21
Oligotrophus, 46

acerifolius, 47

tanaceticola, 46
Onthophagus, 211

striatulus, 214
Ooctonus longipes, 19
Orseolia, 58

cynodontis, 58
Orthosia hamifera, 148
Orthosoma brunneum, 215
Otidocephalus laevicollis, 215

scrobicollis, 215
Oxylos, 153
Oxypoda, 213
Oxytelus insignis, 213

Pachybrachys carbonarius. 215

infaustus, 215

intricatus, 215
Pachylobius picivorus, 215
Pachytrichius discoideus, 215
Palseospaniocera, 36
Paleocolpodia, 40

eocenica, 40
Pamphila phylseus, 199, 264
Papaipema, 88

furcata, 89

latia, 89

merriccata, 89

necopina, 88
Papilio cenea, 268

dardanus 267

hippocoon, 268

philenor, 131

trophonius, 268
Paradiplosis, 60
Parallelodiplosis, 54, 61
Parnus, 118
Paraphelinus, 181, 182

spcciosissiniiis, 181
Parapompilus Isevifrons, 231
Pedinaspis, 223, 231

australis, 231

lavifrons, 231

legatus 231

luctuosus, 231

magnus, 231

mariae, 231

planatus, 231

sanguineus, 231

vicinus, 231
Pelenomus sulcicollis, 215
Pemphigus. 172

fraxinifolii, 184
Pentarthron minutum, 185
Pepsis, 219, 223, 227

chr>'sothemis, 237

circularis, 237

inennis, 237

nephele, 237

pyramis, 237

venusta, 237
Perigea, 159

andrena, 135

contrasta, 159
Perigonica eldana, 143, 144

angulata, 143, 144

fcnnafa, 144

fulminans, 144

punctilinea, 144

tertia, 144
Perigrapha, 145. 147, 157
Perissopterus, i8i
Pero, 37, 90

Colorado, 90

fasciata, 37

giganteus, 92

grosshecki, 91

modestus, 90, 92

occidentalis, 90

peplaroides, 92
Peromyia, 32, 33

leveilleri, 32
Perrisia, 43

Petalium bistriatum, 214
Pezatettix glacialis, 267
Phanocerus clavicornis, 118, 119

Inibbardi, 119

politus, 213
Phalangium cancroides, 73
Phenolia grossa. 214
Philonthus apicalis, 213

asper, 213

Isetulus, 213

lomatus, 213
Phiprosopus pallens, 159
Photinus castus, 211, 214

niarginellus. 211, 214
Phyciodes tharos, 266
Phyllophaga, 48
Phymatodes amoenus, 200

lengi. 200

variabilis, 215
Physcus varicornis, 183
Phytophaga 45, 46

rigidse, 46
Pieris rap?e, 264

Index.

281

Pinacordera limbata, 213

platicollis, 213
Pinus echinata, 251

taeda, 251
Pissodes deodars, 215
Planiceps, 223, 231
Platandra, 213
Platycerus quercus, 214
Platynus, 203

8-punctatus, 213
Pleonectyptera cumulalis, 150
finitirna, 150, 151
serena, 149, 151
secundalis, 150
tenalis, 151
Plochionus timidus, 213
Plodia interpunctella. 130
Plusia, 146
Pocadius basalis, 117

fulvipennis, 117

helvolus, 117
Podabrus protensus, 214
Poecilopompilus, 221
Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, 262
Polia, 134, 136, 155, 267

basivirida, 154

epichysis, 139

hanhami, 155

illepida, 137, 138

resoluta, 137, 138

secedens, 155

theodori, 139, 14°
Polyergus lucidus, 166
Polynenia, 189

albicoxa, 22

bergi. 18, 22

bifasciatipenne, 23

brasiliense, 18, 22

citripes, 19, 21, 22

enchcnopcc, 15

graculus, 189

granadense, 18, 22

hawaiiense, 18, 22

howardii, 14, 18

longipes. 19. 189

magniceps, 22

maculiceps, 18

maculipes, 13, 14- i5. 18, 22

needhami, 18, 22

piceipes, 18, 22

reduvioli, 18, 22

rufescens, 18, 22

sonsobrinum, 189

striaticorne, 12, 17
Polystepha, 48

quercus, 48
Pompilinus, 220

Pompilogastra, 221, 224
Pompiloides, 221, 223
consiiuilis, 228
cylindricus, 227
insolens, 226
minora, 227
moestus, 226
parvulns, 227
rufibasis, 226
Pompilus, 219, 220, 251
Poomyia, 45
Porricondyla. 40, 41
Priocnemis, 219, 220, 221

alienatus, 221
Priocnemoides, 221, 223
flammipennis, 237
fulvicornis, 236
heiligbodti, 2^7
idoneus, 237
maculipennis, 237
magnus, 236
mexicanus. 237
paUidipennis, 236, 237
terminatus, 237
texatms, 237
unifasciatus, 236
Prochloridca, 153
modcsta, 153
procontarinia, 60
matteiana, 60
Prionellus, 34
Prionomerus calceatus, 215
Prionota pini, 34
Prionus imbricornis, 215
Prodiplosis. 56
Protagrotis, 154
obscura. 154
Psammochares, 221, 223, 224
argenteus, 222
astur, 22s
belUcosus, 22i,
illinoTsensis, 221
ithaca, 224
gracilicornis, 225
marginatus, 221
relativus, 225
tenuicornis, 225
tamaricis, 47
transversalis, 223
virginiensi'S, 221, 224
Psectrosema, 47
Pseudagenia, 220, 221, 222
adjuncta, 233
cccri^escens, 232
feroculis, 232
flavicoxa, 233
interior, 22,3, 234

282

Journal Xew York Entomological Society.

interrupta, 220

maiira, 220

mellipes. 233

mexicana, 233

nigrella, 232
Pseudhormomyia, 57

granifex, 57
Pseudobseus oblitus, 214

angusta, 216

nigrina, 215
Psendocnemodus, 2$

brimeri, 26
Psilopyga, 117

fasciata, 118

histrina, 117, 118

nigripennis, 117, 118
Psorthaspis 231
Ptelea, 18
Pterostichus, 202

acutus. 210, 213

lachrymosus, 128

mancus, 212

punctatissimus, 128

sayi, 213
Ptomophagus consobrinus, 213
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 174

psidii, 174
Putoniella, 57
Pycnomerus sulcicollis, 213
Pycnopompilus, 224
Pyractonema angulata, 214
Pyropyga decipiens, 214
Pyrota germari, 215
Pyrrhocoris apterus, iii

Quercus agrifolia. 168
brevifolia, 251
Marilandica, 251
minor, 251

Ranatra, 104, 105

americana 100, loi, 105, 106

fusca, 100

kirkaldyi, 100, 1 01

4-dentata, 100, loi
Resseliella, 52

pices, 52
Rhabdophaga, 43

triticoides, 14
Rhabdopterus picipes, 215
Rhicnoda natatrix, 263
Kliinotermes taurus, 239
Rhipiphorus dimidiatus, 215

limbatus, 215

pectinatus, 215
Rhizomyia, 44

perplexa, 44

Rhizopagus robustiis. 118

scalpturatus, 118
Rhododendron, 206
Rhopalomyia, 46, 47
Rhyncheros, 120

sanguinipennis, 120
Rhyparochromus tergina, 27
Ridestus, 223

Romaleum atomarium, 215
Ruebsaamenia, 40

Sackenomyia, 47
Salix cordifolia, 14
Saprinus, 213
Saissetia nigra, 56
Scaphidium 4-guttatum, 213
Scaphisoma convexa, 213
Schistocerca americana, 218
Schizomyia, 48

galiorum, 48
Schizogenius planulatus, 213
Schizura, 82

hicdermani. 81

unicornis, 82
Scymnus americanus, 213

cervicalis, 213

collaris. 213

formicarius, 172

fraternus, 213

tenebrosus, 213

terminatus, 213
Seirodonta bilineata, 133
Serica georgiana, 214
Sericopompilus, 223

biedermani, 229

birkmanni, 228

cinctipes, 229

humilis, 229

phitonis, 228

posticatus, 229
Sesia, 206

rhododendri, 206
Silpha americana, 213
Silvanus advena. 130

planatus, 213
Solanum nigrum, 210
Sophropompilus, 224

ingenuus, 224
Sparganium, 211
Sph?erobius qnadristriatus, 24
Sphenophorus pertinax, 216
Sphex, 251
Spilomyia fusca, 267

4-fasciata, 129, 267
Spilopompilus, 221
Staphylinus cinnamopterus, 2J3

femoratus, 213

Index.

283

fossator, 213
Stefaniella, 42

atriplicis, 42
Stenochidus carbonarius, 126
cyanescens, 125, 126
gracilis, 125, 126
robustns, 125
Stenodiplosis, 51

geniculati, 51
Stephodiplosis, 51

lannese, 51
Stenoptera kiefferi. 36
Stenosphenus beyeri, 125
debilis, 125
dolosus, 125
lepidus. 124
longicoUis, 124
novatus, 125
Stenotrachelus arcuatus, 128
Stenus virginire, 213
Stichothrix bifasceatipennis, 23
Stictodiplosis, 51
Stilicus opaculus, 213
Stomatosema, 52
nemorum, 52
Strangalia bicolor, 215
Strategus antseus 214
Stretchia, i45

accurata, 146
achsha, 148
aciitangula, i47
addenda, 147
algitla, 148
apicata, i47
behrensiana, 146
erythrolita, 146, I47
fringata, 148
inferior. 146
muricina, 1 46
normalis, 145
orbiculata. i47
plusiiformis. 146
praeses, 148, i49
prima, I45
pulchella. i47, 148
saleppa, i49
transparens, 148
Strobliella, 32

intermedia, 32
Syndiplosis, 51

winnertzi, 51
Syrphus, 270
Systena elongata, 215

marginalis, 215
Stylops, 206

Tachinus fumipennis, 213

Tachopteryx thoreyi, 219
Tachyporus jocosus, 213

nanus, 213
Tachypterus 4-gibbus, 215
Taeniocampa, 148
Tallula atrifascialis, 162

fieldi, 162
Tapinoma erraticum, 173

nigerrimum, 173
Taphrocerus gracilis, 214
Telamona, 195, 196

heliria, 195
Telephorus lineola, 214
Tenebrio castaneus, 215
Tenebrioides corticalis, 214
Termes flavipes, 256, 258
Tettigea hieroglyphica, 216
Tettigometra costulata, 173

impressifrons, 173
Tetradiplosis, 37

6-dentatus, 37
Tetraopes canteriator, 215
Tetyra bipunctata, 113, 264
Thanasimus dubius, 214

rufipes, 266
Thecla blenina, 86, 87
muiri, 86, 87
nelsoni, 86, 87
Thecodiplosis, 51
Thelia, 195

bimaculata, i95
Thelydrias contractus, 201
Thomasia, 53
Thurauia, 50

aquatica, 50
Thyanta, 109

calceata, 108, 109, iio> i"
custator, 108, 109, no, m
perditor, 108, 109
Tipula juniperina, 46
loti, 51
pini 61
Tmesiphorus costalis, 213
Tollius curtulus, 31
Tornacontia, i59
Trachymyrmex, 245, 248
arizonensis, 250
caroli. 248, 249
crystallinus, 247, 250
desertorum, 249
farinosus, 249
fuscus, 249
iheringi, 248
interniedius, 250
irroratus, 247, 250
jamaicensis, 249

284

Journal New York Entomological Society.

obscurior, 245, 246, 250, 251,252,

253

oetkeri, 249

pruinosus, 248

saussurei, 250

Seminole, 2i^7, 250

septentrionalis, 245, 246, 247, 250

squammuliferus, 249

turrifex, 248, 249

urichi, 249

vertebratus, 246. 250
Trechus rubens, 128
Trichius delta, 215

piger, 129

texanus, 129
Trichogramma acuminatum, 185
Tricholita artega, 141

chipeta, 142

endiva, 141

erchus, 142

fistula, 142 ■'

ulamora, 141
Tricontarinia, 52

ciliatipennis, 52
Trichopteromyia, 33, 34

modcsla, 33
Trirhabda tomentosa, 215
Tritoma festiva, 213

flavicolHs, 213
Tritozyga, 32

sackeni, 32
Trotteria, 43
Trypopitys sericeus, 214
Tumidiscapus, 182

flavus. 182
Typhlocyba, 194
Typocerus lugubris, 215
Typophorus canellus, 215
Tytthonyx erythrocephalus 214

Ufens, 186

luna. 186

niger, 186
Uleella, 48

dalbergise, 48
Uleia, 46

clusise, 46
Urios, 175

vestali, 176
Ursia, 160

noctuiformis, 160, 161
Utetheisa bella, 196, 197

hybrida, 197

nova, 197

terminalis, 197
Vanessa milberti, 198, 264, 268
Verbascum, 88
Vespa, 266

borealis, 266

Carolina, 266

consobrina, 266

crabro, 266

diabolica, 266

germanica, 266
. maculata, 266

vidua, 266

vulgaris, 266

Walshomyia, 47

juniperina, 47
Wasmaniella, 32

aptera. 32
Westwoodella, 21, 185

americana, 22

sanguinea, 185
Winnertzia, 39

Xanthopcia, 88

buffaloensis, 88, 89
Xenodiplosis 61
Xenodusa, 163, 164, 167

angusta, 168, 169

caseyi, 169

cava, 163, 164, 167, 168

montana, 168, 169

sharpi, 169
Xylodiplosis, 60
Xylomania, 140, 145
Xylomiges. 140

niustelina, 141

perlubens, 140, 141

pulchella, 141

rubrica, 140

subapicaHs, 140, 141
Xylophilus notatus, 215
Xylopinus a;nescens, 215
Xyloryctes satyrus, 214
Xylotype capax, 136

Youngomyia. 53
Yposatsea, 31

Zaitha, 99
Zalepidota, 47

piperis, 47
Zeuxidiplosis, 51

giardiana, 51
Zyras, 213

XM K

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. M., in the American Museum of
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Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers for the Year 191 1.

rrfsu/f>t/, CH AS. W. LENG. . . . 33 Murray St., New York.

Vice-President, RAYMOND C. OSBURN . . Columbia University, New York.

Secretary, E. L. DICKERSON .... Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J

7>^rt.f,vr^7-, \VM. T. DA\0[S . . . . . . 146 Stuyvesant Place^ New Brightonj

Staten Island, N. Y.

LibratiaVyCWXS. SCHAEFFER . . . Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn'* N. Y.

Curator, FRANK E. LU IZ. . . American Museum of Natural History, N. Y. City.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

G. W. J. Angela, Geo. P. F:n(;ki.hariit, C. L. Pollard

CuAs. E. SLAir.HT, Euw. D. Harris.

C. SCHAEFFER,

PUB Lie A TION COMMITTEE
W. M. WllEKLKR,

F. E. Lutz.

R. C. OSBURN

C. F. Groth,

A UDITING COMMITTEE.
E. L. DiCKERSON,"

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John A. Grossbeck,

FIELD COMMITTEE.

Chas. E. Sleight

DELEGATE TO THE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
E. B. SOUIHWICK.

Price List of Entomological Publications

For Sale by the New York Entomological Society.

LiNELL, Martin L. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North
America. 5 pp. 15c.

Casey, Thos. L. Studies in Ptinidae, Cioidae, and Sphindidae ot
America. 32 pp. 75c.

A revision of the North American Coccinellidae. 98 pp. $1.50.
Review of the American Corylophidae, Cryptophagidae, Trito-
midse and Dermestidae, with other studies.

(Cuts) 121 pp. $2.00.

Fall, H. C. Synopsis of the species of Acmaeodera of America,
north of Mexico. . 36 pp. 75c.

On the affinities of the genus Tachycellus with descriptions of
new species. 10 pp. 20c.

Leng, Charles W. Notes on Coccinellidae, I, II.

31 pp., 3 pi. $1.00.

ScHAEFFER, C. Synopsis of the Species of Trechus, with descrip-
tion of a new species. 4 pp., r pi. 20c.

WiCKHAM, H. F. The North American species of Cotalpa.

4 pp. IOC.

Fox, William J. Synopsis of the species of Nysson, inhabiting

America north of Mexico. ' 7 pp. 20c.

CoQuiLLETT, D. W. Synopsis of the dipterous genus Symphono-

myia. 4 pp. loc.

Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae. 6 pp. 15c.

Neumoegen and Dvar. A preliminary revision of the Bombyces

of America north of Mexico. . $i-50

Dvar, Harrison G. A review of the North American species of

Pronuba and Prodoxus. 3 pp. loc.

A revision of the Hesperiidae of the United States. 32 pp. 6oc.

Synoptic table of North American mosquito larvae. 5 pp. loc.

The North American Nymphulinae and Scopariinae- 31 pp 55c.
Dyar, H. G., and Knab, Frederick. The larvae of Culicidae

classified as independent Organisms 61 pp., 13 pi. $1.50.

Kearfott, W. D. Revision of the North American species of the

genus Choreutis. 20 pp. 50c.

Caudell, a. N, The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville.

II pp., I pi. 35c.

The Cyrtophylli of the United States. 13 pp. i pi 40c.

BuENO, J. R. DE LA T. The Genus Notonecta in America North of

Mexico. 24 pp., I pi. 60C.

The above papers will be sent on receipt of price by

CHARliES SCHAEFFER.

Librarian, New York Entomological Society,

Brooklyn CQuseum, Eastern Parkuiey,

BHOOKLiVN, H V.

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