•

/

JOURNAL

CF THE

NEW YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

|}et?0ied to HtttomoX00g in tetuzxal

Volume XXVII. 1919

NEW YORK

Published by the Society

Quarterly

1919

PRESS OF

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY

LANCASTER, PA.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVII

I HAS. P.

Records and Descriptions of Xeotropical Craneflies I
Bequ

A . ran Central Texas .

ML,

On the Genus Rhodosiella C. 7
Bradley. J. C

Review . 102

Brues. Charles T..

Xotes and Descriptions of Xorth American Serphidae :

CoCKERELL. T. D.

Colorado . .
50 n-. R W..

lecfes of

Xew Species of Serica LT

Davis. Wm. T..

Cica . -nus Cacama. with Descriptions
eia rs

:adas of the Gene \ - ~ bicinoides and C-.

•prions 0: ... 179

A Xew Cicada of the Genus Melampsalta

1 B..
—Mallow, Hibiscus Moseheutos

I~. in " 39

Xotes on the

Cognatus Fieb.. in I "
Felt. E. P..

Xew Gall Midges or Itonids from the Adironda :.-:;- .-"

7 .

Some Records of Poiyctenidse

C .
Xew Xeotropical Membracidx - '

-
Edward Doubleday Harris . -

Lloyd. J.

An Aquatic Diptero".

ind Additional Xotes on its Lepidopterc.

iii

iv Contexts.

MacAtee, W. L.,

Key to the Nearctic Genera and Species of Berytidse .... 79

Murphy, Helen E.,

Observations on the Egg-laying of the Caddice-fly Brachy-
centrus Xigrisoma Banks and on the Habits of the
Young Larvae 154

Notman, Howard.

Coleoptera Collected at Cochrane, Northern Ontario,
August 22-30, 1918, with Descriptions of Six New Species. 92

Records and New Species of Carabidae 225

Notes and New Species of Bembidium 292

Ottolengui, Rodrigues,

Notes on the Plusiinse, and Descriptions of New Species
and Races 117

Olsen, Chris. E.,

Idiocerus Cognatus Fieb., Established in North America.. 126

Parker, R. R..

Another New Species of Sarcophaga from Niagara Falls. 265

SCHAEFFER, CHAS.,

Synonymical and Other Notes on Some Species of the
Family Chrysomelidae and Descriptions of New Species. 307

TlMBERLAKE, P. H.,

Notes on the North American Species of Hippodamia .... 162
Yixal, Stuart C,

The Respiratory Organ of the Carolina Locust (Disso-

steira Carolina Lin.) 19

Weiss, Harry B., and Dickerson, Edgar L.,

Insects of the Swamp Rose-Mallow, Hibiscus Moseheutos

L., in New Jersey 39

Notes on the Early Stages and Life History of Idiocerus

Cognatus Fieb., in New Jersey 129

Woodruff, Lewis B.,

Fall Notes on Alabama Butterflies 159

A Review of Our Local Species of the Membracid Genus

Ophiderma Fairm 249

Miscellaneous Notes 108, 241, 340

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society

109, 242. 344

Vol. XXVII.

r

:

JOU RNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

SJevetefc to Entcmcley\; in General.

MARCH, 1919.

Edited by CHARLES SCHAEFFEK

PuhlicMtie* Cam •

V L Lnz.

\V. P. Cha:-

F'utolisrieci Quarterly by the Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY

1919.

[Enter?; ■». Pa. as secood-dassm»tt

-

\*

CONTENTS

Notes and Descriptions of North American Serphidae. By Charls T. Brues i

The Respiratory Organ of the Carolina Locust (Dissosteira Carolina Lin. ) By

Stuart C. Vinal 19

New Species of Serica (Scarabaeidze.) I. By R. W. Dawson 32

Insects of the Swamp Rose-Mallow, Hibiscus Moscheutos L., in New Jersey.

By Harry B. Weiss and Edgar L. Dickerson 39

Cicadas of the Genus Cacama, with Descriptions of Several New Species.
Wm. T. Davis

By

Key to the Nearctic Genera and Species of Berytidas (Heteroptera). By W.
L. McAtee .... ...........

68

79

Coleoptera Collected at Cochrane, Northern Ontario, August 22-30, 1918, with

Descriptions of Six New Species. By Howard Notman 92

Review. By J. Chester Bradley . . . 102

Miscellaneous Notes . . 108

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 109

U*»

JOURNAL

JDf&j J9ork Qnfomologiral %mitty,

Vol. XXVI J, MARCH, 1919. Xo. 1

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN
SERPHID^. (HYMENOPTERA.)1

By Charles T. Brues,
Forest Hills, Mass.

The family Serphidse, long familiar to entomologists as the Proc-
totrypidae, includes a considerable number of very closely related
species from many parts of the world. The group is well repre-
sented in the Xearctic region from whence numerous species have
already been described. In going over material which has accumu-
lated during a number of years, I have found a few undescribed
forms which are described in the present paper.

The first Xorth American species were early described by Say ; a
couple were added much later by Provancher, but the family received
no serious attention at the hands of American entomologists till 1893
when Ashmead2 published descriptions of all the known Xorth
American species. He included twenty-one species, all under the
name Proctotrupes and considered the group as a subfamily. Since
that time a number of species have been added, including some spe-
cies of the genus Disogmus hitherto known only from Europe. Quite
recently Kieffer3 has subdivided the old Proctotrypcs into four

1 Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Insti-
tution, Harvard University, Xo. 128.

- Monograph of the North American Proctotryphidse, Bull. U. S. Xat.
Museum. Xo. 45.

3 Ern. Andre, Spec. Hym. Europe et Algerie, vol. 10 (1908), and Gen.
Insect., Fasc. 95 (1909).

1

2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xxvu.

genera, Serphus (=Proctotrypes), Cryptoserphus, Phccnoscrphus
and Exallonyx.* In the Genera Insectorum he has distributed the
North American species in these genera, but has made a few errors
owing to lack of North American material. Some of these I have
been able to correct, although I have not been able to place definitely
several species which I have not seen. In the genera Sefphus and
Exallonyx in addition to the descriptions of new species, I have
appended keys for the separation of the Nearctic forms with the
omission of a few that could not be located generically.

Many of the new species are from the far West, received from
time to time from Professor A. L. Melander, who collected them
mainly in Washington. From our present knowledge, it would ap-
pear that the family is better represented on the Pacific slope than in
the eastern United States, although it is evident that the forms in
the East are as yet far from all known.

The figures were all drawn by Mrs. C. T. Brues from camera
lucida pencil sketches.

Serphus Schrank.

Key to North American Species.

i. Petiole of abdomen twice as long as thick; abdomen rufous except at tip.

melliventris Ashm.
Petiole of abdomen not longer than thick, usually shorter 2

2. Antennal joints long, third joint over four times as long as thick .... 3
Antennal joints shorter, the third only three times as long as thick; body

black nevadensis Kieff .

3. Head, and also most of the rest of the body, ferruginous or rufous... 4
Head and thorax black, abdomen often rufous in considerable part ... 5

4. Rugosities of propodeum forming distinct longitudinal lines medially and

basally, no distinct median longitudinal carina ; propodeum black or

piceous caudatus Say.

Propodeum irregularly rugose, but with a distinct median carina body en-
tirely rufous or fulvous pallidus Say.

5. Propleura with a large, smooth, shining area above the middle, irregularly

striate elsewhere 6

Propleura without a large, smooth area ; its entire surface irregularly
striate or sculptured zabriskiei sp. nov.

6. Propodeum irregularly rugose, with at most a median carina 7

Propodeum with the rugosities forming a series of longitudinal lines ; pro-
podeum long and gradually sloping; abdomen and most of legs reddish.

longiusculus Brues.

4 First described in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 11, p. 34 (1904)-

March, 1919] BRUES : NORTH AMERICAN SeRPHID.E. 3

7. Abdomen, except base and apex, ferruginous or bright rufous ; legs yellow

or honey yellow 8

Abdomen black or sometimes partly dull rufous, legs strongly infuscated.. 10

8. Radial cell very short, not longer than the width of the radial vein.

linellii Ashm.
Radial cell at least one third as long as the stigma 9

9. Propodeum without any trace of a median longitudinal carina, gradually

sloping behind rufigaster Prov.

Propodeum with a median carina distinct at least at the base.

terminalis Ashm.

10. Propleura with a broad, convexly raised longitudinal band extending along

its upper portion, separated from the upper edge by a striated groove ;

abdomen brownish at the base sequoiarum sp. nov.

Propleura flat or concave, without a raised band 11

11. Abdominal petiole as broad as long; black with legs, except tibiae and

tarsi, piceous cockerelli sp-. nov.

Abdominal petiole transverse, much shorter than broad 12

12. Malar furrow present florissantensis Rohwer.

Xo malar furrow debilis sp. nov.

Serphus zabriskiei new species. (Fig. 1.)

$. Length 6 mm. (exclusive of ovipositor). Black, abdomen ferruginous
beyond the petiole ; legs fulvo-ferruginous, four posterior coxae piceous, lighter
at tips, tegulae fuscous ; antennae brown at extreme base. Head slightly more
than twice as wide as thick ; malar space slightly longer than the width of
the mandibles at base, with a distinct furrow ; clypeus broad, its anterior mar-
gin convex, its surface densely punctate. Eyes bare. Antennae very slender ;
scape twice as long as thick, flagellar joints gradually shortened after the first,
which is over five times as long as thick; penultimate joint three times as
long as thick. Pronotum one-third as long as the mesonotum, transversely
striate in front of the constriction ; distinctly trilobed behind. Propleura
obliquely striate on its lower half, irregularly longitudinally striate above,
without the large, smooth space that is usually present. Mesopleura with a
series of longitudinal striae on its upper half in front of the convex portion,
behind with a series of crenate punctures along the edge, which extend for-
ward to form grooves on the posterior third of the lower half of the meso-
pleura. Propodeum coarsely rugose-reticulate, without areas or any trace of
any longitudinal carina. Abdominal petiole quadrate, about as wide as long ;
second segment at base above with grooves as long as the petiole ; ovipositor
two thirds as long as the remainder of the abdomen, straight except at the
tip, which is strongly curved downward. Legs slender, tarsal claws simple ;
longer spur of hind tibiae one third as long as the metatarsus, the latter as
long as the two following joints together. Wings tinged with brownish; ra-
dial cell very short, not longer than the width of the radial vein, the latter
distinctly prolonged downward and surrounded by a small brown clouded
area ; discoidal vein indicated as a fuscous streak.

4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxvii.

Described from a specimen collected by J. L. Zabriskie at Roches-
ter, N. Y., June 10, 1905. Type in the American Museum of Natural
History.

This species may be distinguished from other members of the
genus of similar color by the sculpture of the propleura and pro-
podeum and the form of the abdominal petiole.

Serphus sequoiarum new species. (Fig. 2.)

£. Length 4.5 mm. Black ; second abdominal segment, except apex, rufo-
ferruginous ; legs yellowish brown, anterior femora, tibiae and tarsi and middle
tibiae light yellow, hind tibiae somewhat paler than their femora. Head two
and one half times as broad as long, malar space as long as the width of the
mandibles at base, with a distinct furrow. Clypeus broad, sparsely punctate,
its anterior margin straight. Eyes bare. Antennal scape one half longer
than thick; first flagellar joint twice as long as the scape, nearly five times
as long as thick at apex; following joints decreasing very gradually in length,
the penultimate over four times as long as thick and two thirds as long as
the first ; pronotum less than one third as long as the mesonotum, transversely
striate in front of the constriction, trilobed behind. Parapsidal furrows in-
distinctly defined, but more prominent than usual. Propleura irregularly
striate-reticulate anteriorly, smooth behind ; its upper portion with a convexly
raised band which is separated from the upper edge by a shallow groove or
depression that is longitudinally striated and narrower than the elevated por-
tion ; the anterior end of the elevation forms the lateral lobe of the pronotum.
Mesopleura longitudinally striated above in front of the raised portion and
with a series of large punctures inside the posterior edge above the middle ;
below the middle these are elongated to form short horizontal striae. Propo-
deum rugose-reticulate, with a complete median longitudinal carina, but with-
out areas. Abdominal petiole as long as broad ; grooves at base of second
segment shorter than the petiole. Legs slender ; longer spur of hind tibia
one third the length of the metatarsus ; tarsal claws simple. Wings very
slightly tinged with brownish, radial cell very short, but longer than the width
of the radial vein ; both sections of this vein prolonged downward as brown
streaks, the basal streak longer ; cubital and discoidal veins indicated as
brown streaks.

One specimen collected by Prof. A. L. Melander in the Muir
Woods, Marin Co., California.

This species is easily recognizable by the peculiar conformation
of the propleura and the conspicuously lighter color of the front legs
and middle tibiae.

Serphus cockerelli new species. (Fig. 3.)

<$. Length 5 mm. Black; four anterior coxae and all trochanters and
femora piceous ; tegulae, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Head somewhat

March, 1919] Brues: Xorth American Serphid.e. 5

more than twice as broad as thick. Clypeus higher and less strongly narrowed
below than usual, only twice as broad as high, anterior edge slightly arcuate,
surface moderately punctate. Malar space longer than the width of the man-
dibit at base, with a fine, distinct furrow. Antenna? slender; scape one half
longer than thick; first four flagellar joints scarcely decreasing m length,
each fully five times as long as thick ; penultimate joint over four times as
long as thick. Pronotum transversely striate in front of the constriction, tri-
lobed behind, with the lateral lobes more prominent than the median one.
Mesonotum with well marked vestiges of parapsidal furrows. Propleura ir-
regularly and more or less obliquely striate on its lower anterior half ; above
with a series of five longitudinal striae below the upper edge. Mesopleura
striate between the raised portion and the tegulae and anteriorly below ; below
with a series of punctures inside the edge and a small roughened area above
the middle coxa. Propodeum coarsely rugose-reticulate, with a complete
median raised line;' long and very gradually sloping behind. Abdominal
petiole as long as broad, roughly rugose, with a median channel above;
striate-reticulate below ; second segment with the grooves at base extremely
short, shorter than the petiole. Legs long and slender; longer spur of hind
tibia one third as long as the hind metatarsus ; all tarsal claws simple. Wings
faintly tinged with brownish ; stigma moderately broad ; radial cell nearly
half as long as the stigma ; both sections of the radial vein prolonged into the
wing as brown streaks, each for a distance somewhat exceeding its own
length ; cubital and discoidal veins indicated as brownish streaks.

Type from Eldora, Colorado, August 18. Collected and sent me
by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.

Serphus debilis new species. (Fig. 4.)

<£. Length 4 mm. Black; tegulse, knees, front tibiae and base and apex
of four posterior tibiae brownish yellow ; abdomen beyond petiole dull rufous
above, especially on the second segment. Head nearly two and one half
times as long as thick ; ocelli in a nearly equilateral triangle, the posterior
ones much farther from the eye-margin than from one another. Malar space
longer than the width of the mandible at base ; no malar furrow ; clypeus
over three times as broad as high, its anterior margin nearly straight. An-
tennal scape twice as long as thick; flagellar joints gradually decreasing in
length, the first nearly five times as long as thick ; second somewhat stouter,
four times as long as thick. Pronotum transversely striate before the con-
striction, lobed on each side behind ; parapsidal furrows obsolete, but evident
as slight depressions. Propodeum long, very gradually sloping behind, finely
rugose, with a complete, but not strongly defined, median carina. Propleura
finely longitudinally striate along its upper edge, below and in front irregu-
larly rugulose-striate ; mesopleura with a large, finely striated area below the
tegulae and a coarsely striated one in front below : punctures along hind
margin prolonged as striae on the lower half of the pleura ; metapleura finely
rugose throughout. Abdominal petiole transverse, seen from above less than

6 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvil.

half as long as broad ; striae at base of second segment close together, as long
as the width of the petiole. Legs long and slender; longer spur of hind tibia
slightly more than one third the length of the metatarsus; tarsal claws simple,
wings slightly tinged with brownish ; radial cell short, about twice as long
as the width of the radial vein ; second section of the latter prolonged down-
ward as a brown streak ; cubital and discoidal veins visible as pale brown
streaks.

One specimen, Wawai, Washington, May 20, 191 1, A. L. Me-
lander.

This species presents no striking characters, but as indicated in
the key to species is distinct ; it seems to come nearest to 6". florissan-
tensis Rohwer with a paratype of which I have been able to com-
pare it.

Cryptoserphus Kieffer.

Kieffer5 does not place any North American species in this genus,
but some undoubtedly belong here as they have the abdominal petiole
very short. They do not all show all the other characters attributed
to the genus, however, and it may be necessary later to unite Crypto-
serphus with Phccnoserphus as has already been suggested by Dodd.6

C. flavipes Provancher. Faun Ent. Canada, Hymen., p. 562 (1883) (Procto-

trupes) .
C. clypeatus Ashm. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 45, p. 339 (1893). (Procto-
trupes.)
C. abruptus Say.

Complete works, vol. 2, p. 725 (1836). (Proctotrupes.)

Ashmead, 1. c, p. 339. (Proctotrupes).
C. obsoletus Say.

Complete works, vol. 2, p. 725 (1836). (Proctotrupes.)

Ashmead, t. c, p. 340. (Proctotrupes).
C. belfragei Ashm.

Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 45, p. 340 (1893). (Proctotrupes).

C. flavipes Prov. (Fig. 5.)

Cannot be recognized from his description. As identified by
Ashmead, it is easily recognized by its long radial cell and is a
Cryptoserphus. I have specimens from Woods Hole, Mass., and
Black Rock Mt., Ga. (3,500 ft.). In the far West there is another
similar species described as occidentals on a later page of the present
paper.

5 Genera Insectorum, fasc. 95, p. 7 (1909).

6 Trans, R. Soc. South Australia, vol. 39, p. 387 (1915).

March, 1919] BRUES : XoRTH AMERICAN SERPHID.E. 7

C. abruptus Say. (Fig. 6.)

Is also not recognizable from the original description. As redis-
cribed by Ashmead it can be easily identified, although he does not
mention the unusually stout legs. The longer spur of the hind tibia
is claw-shaped, being distinctly bent and considerably thickened and
the hind metatarsus is scarcely longer than the two following joints
together.

C. obsoletus Say.

As identified and redescribed by Ashmead it is also a Crypto-
ser pints, and as Say's description will not locate the species definitely,
should be accepted as fixing the species.

The two following species may be added:

Cryptoserphus occidentalis new species. (Fig. 7.)

$. Length 3-4 mm. Black ; legs, base of antennae and abdomen between
the third segment and ovipositor brownish yellow. Head slightly more than
twice as broad as thick when viewed from above ; strongly narrowed below
the eyes when seen from the front, the malar space as long as the width of
the eye, the width of the clypeus, malar furrow indicated as a small fovea
next the eye ; anterior margin of clypeus straight or slightly concave. An-
tennae slender, moderately long; first flagellar joint five times as long as
thick ; second to fifth growing gradually shorter, each about four times as
long as thick ; following growing shorter more rapidly, the penultimate a little
more than twice as long as thick. Eyes bare. Pronotum nearly half as
long as the head, finely transversely striate before the constriction ; humeral
angle with a prominent, rounded swelling. Mesonotum with short foveiform
parapsidal furrows just behind the humeri, but not indicated elsewhere. Pro-
podeum white pubescent, with a median and pair of lateral carinas on its
basal half, defining two large, smooth areas ; also with an ill-defined petiolar
area on the rather gradually sloping posterior face, which is reticulate ; sides
with an indistinct lateral carina extending from the spiracle. Pro- and meso-
pleura entirely smooth ; metapleura in the middle with a large shining area
bordered below and behind by a raised margin ; depressed, finely sculptured
and pale pubescent elsewhere. Abdominal petiole very short, concealed above
by the margin of the second segment; base of second segment with numerous
basal striae half as long as the posterior trochanter. Ovipositor slender,
slightly curved apically, as long as the basal three joints of the posterior
tarsus. Legs slender, longer spur of posterior tibia distinctly more than half
as long as the metatarsus. Wings hyaline, stigma not very broad ; radial
cell as long as the stigma along the costal margin ; other nervures not indi-
cated by streaks.

Four specimens : type and one other from Chatcolet Lake, Idaho,

8 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Aug., 1915, the other two from Tacoma, Wash., Aug. 28, 191 1. All
were collected and sent me by Prof. A. L. Melander.

This species is very similar to the eastern C. flavipes Prov. in
wing venation and length of the tibial spur. It differs most strik-
ingly in the form of the head which is narrowed and lengthened be-
low the eyes, making the malar space longer.

Cryptoserphus melanderi new species. (Fig. 8.)

(§. Length 3 mm. Black, highly polished ; legs beyond the trochanters
yellow-brown. Head twice as wide as long when seen from above ; face
strongly convex medially, but without a vertical ridge-like protuberance below
the antenna- ; clypeal foveas much more deeply impressed than usual, forming
deep pits ; clypeus short and broad, with nearly straight lower margin, bulg-
ing below the foveas. Malar space short, with a finely impressed furrow as
long as the width of the mandible at base; front with a vertical impression
between the base of the antennae and eye. Antennae rather stout, conspicu-
ously whitish pubescent. Scape very thick, one half longer than wide; first
flagellar joint about four times as long as thick at apex; second a little shorter
and stouter; third and following scarcely shorter, but becoming appreciably
more slender. Eyes very sparsely pubescent. Pronotum transversely striate
before the constriction ; behind with the lateral angle produced as a con-
spicuous, almost acute tubercle. Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows im-
pressed close to the anterior margin, entirely absent elsewhere. Depression
at base of scutellum deeply foveate at each side. Upper face of propodeum
with two smooth areas dorsally, these narrowed behind owing to the oblique
lateral carinas ; outside of these with a transversely rugose oblong area behind
each spiracle; posterior surface somewhat concave and constricted, coarsely
reticulate. Pro- and mesopleurae smooth, the latter with a line of coarse
punctures inside its posterior margin; metapleura reticulate, smooth in front
above. Abdominal petiole not visible from above ; base of second segment
above with numerous, fine, parallel grooves nearly as long as the posterior
trochanter. Wings hyaline, stigma and veins brown ; stigma broad, trian-
gular; radial cell along the costa two thirds as long as the stigma; second
section of radius prolonged obliquely downward as a brown streak, cubital
and discoidal veins indicated by barely visible brownish streaks. Legs rather
stout ; longer spur of hind tibia as long as the metatarsus.

Three specimens from Pullman, Wash., May 18, 1909, collected
and sent me by my friend Prof. A. L. Melander, for whom the spe-
cies is named.

This is a very distinct species, recognizable by the deep clypeal
foveae, stout, evenly jointed antennae, sharply tuberculate prothorax
and rather long radial cell.

March, 1919.] BRUES : XoRTH AMERICAN SERPHID.E. 9

Phaenoserphus Kieffer.

The only North American species belonging to this genus which
I have seen is the following:

Phaenoserphus longipes new species. (Fig. 9.)

$. Length 4.8 mm. Black; legs honey yellow; hind coxae black; base
of middle coxae and middle and hind trochanters fuscous; antennal scape
yellow below. Head slightly more than twice as broad as long, strongly nar-
rowed behind the eyes ; clypeus short and broad, only one fourth as high as
its greatest width ; malar space one and one half times as long as the width
of mandible at base, no malar furrow. Antennae moderately thick, with long
joints clothed with short pubescence ; scape stout, nearly cylindrical, twice as
long as wide; first flagellar joint about four times as long as thick; following
gradually decreasing in length and thickness, the penultimate two thirds as
long as the first and three times as long as thick. Pronotum greatly con-
stricted at the middle, transversely striated in front ; its hind angles pro-
duced into a distinct rounded swelling. Mesonotum with faint traces of
parapsidal furrows anteriorly. Metathorax coarsely rugose-reticulate, with a
median carina on its superior face and a somewhat indistinct rounded petiolar
area behind ; on each side of the median carina is a smoother space bounded
by indistinct carina?, but these basal areas are not clearly defined. Pro- and
mesoplurae entirely smooth and shining, the latter with a series of large
foveate punctures inside its posterior edge. Metapleurae rugose, without any
smooth space. Abdominal petiole twice as long as broad seen from above,
longitudinally ribbed and transversely rugose between the ribs ; second seg-
ment long, narrow basally, at base with striae less than the length of the
petiole. Legs long, but not very slender, tarsal claws simple ; longer spur of
hind tibiae barely longer than one third the length of the metatarsus. Wings
distinctly tinged with brownish ; stigma and radial veins fuscous, the cell
about half as long as the stigma ; both sections of the radial vein extending
into the wing as brownish streaks ; radial and cubital veins prolonged as
brownish streaks.

One specimen from Almota, Wash., June 24 (A. L. Melander).

Exallonyx Kieffer.
Key to North American' Species.

1. Antennal joints short; flagellum slightly thickened toward tip; penulti-

mate joint quadrate or at least scarcely twice as wide as long ; basal

joints in male simple -

Antennal joints elongate, flagellum distinctly attenuated toward tip ; pe-
nultimate joint about three times as long as thick; basal joints in male
frequently with a tooth on the external margin 5

2. Head one and one half times as long as wide ; eye removed from posterior

margin of head by more than its greatest length. I F 2

angusticeps Brues.

10 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvu.

Head but little longer than wide ; eye removed from posterior margin of
head by about its greatest length or less 3

3. Ovipositor longitudinally aciculate, penultimate joint of antennae quadrate. 4
Ovipositor with scattered, elongate punctures; penultimate joint of an-
tennae twice as long as thick similis n. sp.

4. Antennae pale at base ; median stria at base of second abdominal segment

much longer than the lateral ones quadriceps Ashm.

Antennae black or piceous throughout ; striae of second abdominal segment
nearly equal in length f emoratus Ashm.

5. Males 6

Females 19

6. Some of the basal joints of antennae with a linear process or tooth near

the middle of the external side 7

All joints of antennae simple, without any projections or processes ... 15

7. First flagellar joint simple, cylindrical, second and several following joints

with a process, legs honey-yellow 8

First flagellar joint as well as some of the following ones with a process. 9

8. Antennal flagellum black, eighth joint with a small, but distinct process;

larger, western species 6 mm. (Fig. 12.) placidus Brues.

Antennal flagellum brown, no process on eighth joint; smaller, eastern
species f uscinornis n. sp.

9. Antennal flagellum black 10

Antennal flagellum yellow at base, fuscous apically, eastern species.

ashmeadi n. sp.

10. Head decidedly less than twice as broad as thick when seen above ... 11
Head approximately twice as broad as long 14

1 1. Median carina of propodeum complete 12

Median carina of propodeum not extending to apex ; processes on basal

flagellum joints acute, dentiform dentaticornis Kieff.

12. Propodeum with a smooth space on each side of the median carina at

base 13

Propodeum without smooth spaces crenaticornis Kieff.

13. First four flagellar joints with a process externally; fifth with a less dis-

tinct one fallacicornis Kieff.

First six flagellar joints with a process, seventh with a faint trace of one.

Obscuripes Brues.

14. Only the first five flagellar joints with a carinate process externally; malar

furrow deeply impressed ; mesopleura irregularly striate anteriorly.

pleuralis n. sp.
Seven or eight flagellar joints toothed or with processes ; mesopleura en-
tirely smooth and polished. (Fig. 16.) serricornis Brues.

15. Head approximately twice as broad as long when seen from above ... 16
Head decidedly less than twice as broad as long, strongly narrowed behind

the eyes 18

16. Petiole of abdomen long, twice as long as broad; antennae yellow.

longiceps Ashm.

March, 1919.] BRUES : NORTH AMERICAN SeRPIIID.E. H

Petiole of abdomen not longer than broad 17

17. Propodeum strongly narrowed behind ; antennae not pale at base. (Fig

simplicior Brues.
Propodeum gradually narrower behind ; antenna? pale yellow at base.

pallidicornis n. sp.

18. Propodeum with a strong carina, especially prominent at the apex of its

horiz6ntal face, with large, smooth areas basally carinatus n. sp.

Propodeum with the median carina evident, but not strong; basal smooth
areas not clearly defined ; head strongly narrowed below toward the
mouth parvulus n. sp.

19. Petiole smooth above and beneath grandis n. sp.

Petiole longitudinally striate above and beneath longiceps Ashm. $.

E. canadensis and E. simulans Ashmead are not included in the
above table. E. californkus Holmgren is also omitted, as I cannot
identify it among the numerous forms from the west which have
the flagellar joints dentate in the males. The form referred to this
species by Ashmead7 is evidently not Holmgren's species and is, I
believe, the one described on a later page as E. asJuncadi sp. now

Exallonyx similis new species. (Fig. 11.)

$. Length 2.5-3 mm. Black; tegulse, and legs and antennae in part,
yellow ; antennae brownish yellow at base, darkened beyond the middle and
fuscous toward apex ; legs brownish yellow, the femora above, and hind tibiae
toward apex, dark ; middle and hind coxae piceous, except at apex. Head
about as long as broad, gradually constricted behind the eyes. Eyes sparsely
pubescent, removed by slightly more than their width from the posterior
margin of the head when seen from the side ; malar space as long as the width
of the eye, without furrow ; anterior margin of clypeus straight. Antennae
reaching to base of abdomen ; scape twice as long as thick, narrowed at base ;
first flagellar joint slender, three times as long as thick at apex ; second, third
and following each scarcely shorter than the preceding, but growing stouter ;
second two and one half times as long as thick; penultimate twice as long as
thick. Mesonotum long and narrow, highly polished ; groove at base of scu-
tellum broad and shallow. Propodeum with long horizontal face, abruptly
declivous behind ; rugose-reticulate on the sides and behind ; with a strong
median carina above, on each side of which is a smooth space that extends to
the top of the declivity. Pro- and mesopleurae entirely smooth except for
several striae on the mesopleura below and in front of the upper raised por-
tion ; metapleura rugose below, shining on upper third. Petiole of abdomen
a little longer than wide, rugose above, coarsely striate below ; second segment
angularly incised at base, with a median stria as long as the petiole and sev-
eral short lateral striae; ovipositor acutely pointed, but little curved, as long
as the hind metatarsus, sparsely punctate. Legs rather slender, longer spur

"Bull. U. S. Xat. Mus., Xo. 45. P- 338 (1893).

12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vofcxxvil.

of hind tibia nearly one half as long as the metatarsus; claws of front and
middle tarsi with a long appendage at base. Wings hyaline, without cubital
or discoidal streaks ; stigma light brown, not very broad, the radial cell short,
its outer edge very oblique.

Type from Tacoma, Wash., August 28, 191 1. Five other speci-
mens from Burton, Wash. ; Vashon, Wash. ; Pullman, Wash. ; and
Berkeley, Cal., taken during June and August. All were collected
and sent to me by Prof. A. L. Melander.

This species is similar to the eastern E. quadriceps Ashm., which
it resembles very closely. It is at once separated by the absence of
striae on the ovipositor. From E. femdratus Ashm. it is easily dis-
tinguished as set forth in the key to species.

Exallonyx fuscicornis new species. (Fig. 13.)

<$. Length 3.5 mm. Black; tegulae, palpi, scape of antennae and legs
brownish yellow ; front and middle coxae light brown ; flagellum of antenna?
fuscous ; hind coxae black. Head barely twice as broad as long, strongly nar-
rowed behind ; ocelli in a flat triangle, the hind ones farther from one another
than from the eye-margin. Eyes removed from posterior margin of head by
their own width, bare or nearly so ; malar space as long as half the width of
the eye, without furrow ; head much narrowed below when seen from in front ;
margin of clypeus straight. Antennae reaching to basal third of second ab-
dominal segment; scape twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint simple,
without process, not quite three times as long as thick and subequal to the
second, third and fourth ; following slightly shorter, subequal, becoming more
slender; second to seventh joints each with a carina externally on the basal
half that forms a dentate process at the middle of the joint, those on the
second and seventh less prominent. Mesonotum polished, without trace of
parapsidal furrows ; depression at base of scutellum broad and rather deep
behind. Propodeum short, its horizontal face but little longer than the de-
clivity ; basally with an indistinct median carina, but with the basal smooth
space very short ; elsewhere rugose-reticulate. Propleura smooth. Meso-
pleura with a small striate area anteriorly near the base of the front coxa
and with the lower punctures near its hind margin prolonged into short striae ;
metapleura with a very small, smooth space above. Petiole of abdomen wider
than long, with a few coarse, irregular ridges above, coarsely striate below ;
basal striae on second segment coarse, of equal length, as long as the petiole.
Legs stout, longer spur of hind tibia slightly over one half the length of the
metatarsus ; front and middle tarsal claws with a long, slender appendage at
base. Wings hyaline tinged with brownish, cubital and discoidal veins very
finely indicated as brownish streaks; stigma moderately broad; radial cell very
short, the outer vein entering the costal margin at an angle of about 450.

One specimen from Woods Hole, Mass., collected by the writer
during July, 1902.

March. 1919.] BRUES : XORTH AMERICAN SERPHID.E. 13

Distinguished from E. ashmeadi sp. nov., the only other species
with dentate antennae known from the Eastern states, by the simple
first flagellar joint. It is quite possibly the male of some described
species known only in the female sex, but I cannot associate it with
any degree of certainty.

Exallonyx ashmeadii new species. (Fig. 14.)

<$■ Length 3.5-4 mm. Black ; tegulae, legs, and base of antennae honey-
yellow : middle and hind coxae blackish on basal half ; antennae blackish on
apical half. Head almost twice as broad as thick, not very much narrowed
behind the eyes ; ocelli in a flat triangle, the posterior pair as far from one
another as from the eye-margin ; seen from the side, the eyes are removed
from the hind margin of the head by a little less than their width ; malar space
as long as half the width of the eye, with a delicately impressed furrow,
deeper above near the eye. Clypeus with the anterior edge straight ; head
much narrowed below when seen in front view. Antennae reaching to the
base of the second segment of abdomen ; first to sixth flagellar joints each
with a carinate process externally, more prominent on the second, third and
fourth joints, and very small on the sixth. Scape slightly more than twice
as long as thick; flagellar joints gradually decreasing; first three times
as long as thick ; others in approximately the same proportion except the
elongate slender last joint. Mesonotum smooth, much narrowed anteriorly,
without trace of furrows ; depression at base of scutellum narrow, deep. Pro-
podeum sharply declivous behind, the horizontal portion much longer than
the declivity ; median carina distinct on horizontal face ; smooth areas on
each side of carina distinct, half as long as the carina ; propodeum else-
where rugose-reticulate. Pro- and mesopleurae smooth, the punctures before
the posterior edge of the latter not elongated below ; metapleura with a round
fovea and crescentic smooth space above. Abdominal petiole as broad as
long, roughly sculptured above, coarsely striate below ; second segment with
the basal striae short, of equal length, the lateral one widened into a broad
depression behind. Legs long, rather stout ; longer spur of hind tibia half as
long as the metatarsus, claws of four anterior tarsi each with a long, stout
appendage at base. Wings hyaline without cubital or discoidal streaks ;
stigma rather broad, radial cell half as long as the stigma, the vein entering
the costa at an angle of about 45 z .

Type and three other specimens from Machias, Maine. July 20.
1909 ; a fourth specimen from Eastport. Maine, July 14. All were
collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Type in the collection of the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History.

I believe that this is the form mentioned by Ashmead from the
Eastern states as Proctotrupcs calif ornicus Holmgren. It is dis-
tinct from any western form that I have seen.

14 Jourxal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Exallonyx pleuralis new species. (Fig. 15.)

£. Length 4.8-5.2 mm. Black; tegulae and legs yellow, the anterior
coxae blackish at base and the four posterior ones black except at extreme
tips ; middle and hind tarsi dark fuscous, except at base ; pedicel of antennae
rufous. Head fully twice as wide as long, considerably narrowed behind the
eyes; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair closer to one another
than to the eye-margin ; seen from the side the eye is removed by its own
width from the posterior margin of the head. Malar space less than half the
width of the eye, with a deeply impressed furrow. Head not much narrowed
below, the clypeus broad, its margin straight or somewhat concave ; front
above the antennae with a prominent depression on each side of the intra-
antennal carina. Mesonotum sharply narrowed in front, posterior corner of
pronotum with a pronouned convex elevation ; no trace of parapsidal fur-
rows ; depression at base of scutellum deep. Propodeum coarsely rugose-
reticulate, more finely so basally, but without any entirely smooth basal areas ;
median carina very indistinctly defined ; in profile the declivity is gradual but
rather steep posteriorly. Propleura smooth. Mesopleura with some oblique
striae in front of the elevated portion and with a narrow band of longitudinal
striae below it ; the punctures along its posterior edge not elongated into striae.
Metapleura with a shining space above. Petiole. of abdomen quadrate, with
coarse reticulations above and striae beneath ; basal striae on second segment
longer than the petiole, of equal length. Legs long and rather slender ;
longer spur of posterior tibia nearly half as long as the metatarsus ; tarsal
claws of four anterior legs with a long appendage at base. Wings very
slightly tinged with brown ; stigma large and broad, radial cell one half as
long as the stigma, radial vein meeting the costa at an angle of much more
than 450, second section of radius prolonged downward as a brown streak;
discoidal vein, and the cubital less distinctly, indicated as brownish streaks.

Type and two other specimens from Monroe, Wash., May 20,
1908. (A. L. Melander.)

This nice large species is most easily distinguished from related
forms by the sculpture of the mesopleura and the absence of proc-
esses on the sixth and seventh flagellar joints.
Exallonyx pallidicornis new species. (Fig. 18.)

c?. Length 2.5-3 mm. Black; legs, including coxae, tegulae, palpi, and
base of antennae pale brownish yellow ; hind coxae at base* hind femora above
and hind tarsi infuscated ; antennae becoming darker toward apex ; meso-
pleura below piceous. Head fully twice as broad as long, ocelli close together
in a flattened triangle; posterior pair a little closer one to another than to
the eye-margin. Seen from the side the eye is removed by somewhat less
than its width from the posterior margin of the head. Malar space barely as
long as half the length of the eye, with an indistinct furrow. Head consid-
erably narrowed below; clypeus with a concave lower margin. Antennae

March, 1919.] BRUES : XORTH AMERICAN SeRPHID.E. 1 .")

reaching to the basal third of the petiole of abdomen, all joints simple, cylin-
drical; scape narrowed basally, twice as long as thick; first joint three times
as long as thick, distinctly longer than the second which is two and one half
times as long as thick ; following gradually growing shorter and thinner ;
penultimate two and one half times as long as thick. Mesonotum shining,
without trace of parapsidal furrows; seen from above the sides of the thorax
are concave in front of the tegulae, due to the concave form of the propleurae ;
posterior corners of pronotum not produced into distinct swellings or tuber-
cles. Propodeum rugose with a distinct median carina on its upper face ;
sharply declivous behind ; at the base with a small smooth area on each side
which does not extend inward to the median line. Pro- and mesopleurae en-
tirely smooth ; punctures inside the posterior margin of the mesopleura
slightly elongated below; metapleura finely rugose, with an extremely small,
smooth space above. Petiole of abdomen broader than long, irregularly
sculptured above, coarsely striate below ; grooves at base of second segment
longer than the petiole, of nearly equal length. Legs slightly thickened, espe-
cially the posterior femora; longer spur of hind tibia one half as long as the
metatarsus ; tarsal claws of four anterior legs each with a long, very stout
appendage at the base. Wings hyaline, stigma broad, radial cell nearly half
as long as the stigma, the radial vein entering the costa at an angle of about
45° ; disc of wing without streaks or traces of other veins.

Three specimens, the type from Putman, Conn., July 12, 1905 (H.
L. Yiereck) ; others from Wisconsin, October. (W. M. Wheeler.)

Exallonyx carinatus sp. nov. (Fig. 19.)

($. Length 3.5 mm. Black; antennae piceous, tegulae and legs beyond the
trochanters fulvous ; trochanters, except extreme tip and tarsi, fuscous, ante-
rior coxae yellowish at tips. Head about one half wider than long, full behind
the eyes and then suddenly narrowed ; ocelli in a slightly flattened triangle,
the posterior ones as far from one another as from the eye-margin. Eyes
removed by a little more than their own width from the posterior margin of
the head. Malar space as long as half the width of the eye, with a distinct
furrow. Head gradually narrowed below, the anterior margin of the clypeus
strongly arcuate. Antennae slender; scape narrow at base, twice as long as
thick; flagellar joints simple, first considerably longer than the second, four
times as long as thick ; second and following decreasing in length, all about
three times as long as thick. Thorax strongly narrowed in front, mesonotum
smooth, without trace of parapsidal furrows; posterior corners of pronotum
rounded, not produced ; groove at base of scutellum broad and deep. Pro-
and mesopleurae smooth ; the punctures inside the posterior margin of the
latter very small above, larger but not elongated below. Propodeum long
above, suddenly declivous behind, with a strong carina that is especially
prominent on the declivity above and suddenly ends there; above on each
side of the carina with a long triangular smooth area covering most of the
dorsal face ; elsewhere coarsely rugose-reticulate. Metapleura with a rather

16 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

large, raised, smooth space above. Abdominal petiole as long as wide,
coarsely roguse above, striate below ; striae at base of second segment some-
what longer than the petiole, the lateral ones not so long as the median one.
Legs not thickened ; longer spur of hind tibia nearly half as long as the
metatarsus ; appendage at base of four anterior tarsal claws stout, shorter
than the claw. Wings slightly tinged with yellowish or brownish ; stigma
broad, sub-triangular ; radial cell one third as long as the stigma, radial vein
meeting the costa at an angle of more than 45° ; other veins not indicated as
streaks.

One specimen from Oroville, Wash., May 1, 1912 (A. L. Me-
lander).

This species is readily distinguishable by the sculpture of the pro-
podeum in addition to other characters given in the key to species.

Exallonyx parvulus new species. (Fig. 20.)

<$. Length 2-2.5 mm- Black ; tegulae yellowish brown, antennae piceous,
legs yellowish brown, but strongly infuscated on the trochanters and femora,
and less strongly so on the tarsi of the four posterior legs. Head about one
half broader than long, considerably and evenly narrowed behind; ocelli in a
flattened triangle, the posterior pair equidistant from one another and from
the eye-margin. Malar space nearly as long as half the width of the eye,
with a distinct furrow. Head strongly narrowed below, the margin of the
clypeus straight or slightly concave. Eyes sparsely pilose. Antennae rather
short and stout, especially at base; the flagellar joints simple; first three times
as long as thick, considerably longer than the second, which is scarcely over
twice as long as thick ; following imperceptibly shorter and thinner, the pe-
nultimate, however, longer than the antepenultimate. Thorax narrowed in
front of the tegulae, its sides distinctly concave. Posterior corners of pro-
thorax convexly elevated ; mesonotum smooth without trace of parapsidal
furrows. Impression at base of scutellum sharp and deep. Propodeum coarsely
reticulate, its posterior face strongly declivous and not much shorter than the
dorsal face; median carina distinct to apex, but stronger basally ; smooth
areas at sides of median carina distinct basally, but gradually passing over to
the reticulate sculpture on the sides and behind. Pro- and mesopleurae smooth ;
the punctures inside the posterior border of the latter enlarged into short
striae below the middle of the pleura ; metapleurae rugose below, smooth above,
but the smooth space not clearly limited. Petiole of abdomen quadrate, irregu-
larly sculptured above, coarsely striate below ; grooves at the base of second
segment of about equal length, longer than the petiole. Hind legs somewhat
thickened; longer spur of hind tibia half as long as the metatarsus; appendage
at base of the tarsal claws of the four anterior legs stout at base, as long
as the claw. Wings hyaline, stigma narrowly triangular; radial cell nearly
half as long as the stigma ; radius entering the costa at an angle of less than
450 ; disc of wing without trace of any streaks.

March. 1919] BRUES: XoRTH AMERICAN SeRPHID.1-:. 17

The legs and antennae vary in some specimens and are often
lighter than in the type.

Thirteen specimens from widely scattered localities on the Pa-
cific Coast. Type from Oroville, Wash., April i. Others from
Burton, Wash. (Aug. 19) ; Vashon, W^ash. (Aug. 18, 1910) ; China-
cum. Wash. (Aug. 2$, 1910) ; Colby, Wash.; Puget Sound, Wash.;
Berkeley. Calif. (Aug. 8, 1915) ; Muir Woods, Calif. (Aug. 7, 1915).
All but one were collected and sent me by Prof. A. L. Melander.

This is a small species without any striking peculiarities, but
quite distinct as indicated in the key to species.

Exallonyx grandis new species. (Fig. 21.)

$. Length 8.5 mm. Black ; legs except middle and hind coxae ferrugi-
nous ; antennae fuscous, rufous at base ; middle coxae dark rufous, hind coxae
black, except at apex ; tegulae fulvous ; palpi brownish yellow. Head seen
from above as broad as long, very slightly narrowed behind the eyes ; tri-
angularly produced in front of the eyes. In lateral view the eyes are re-
moved from the posterior margin of the head by one and one half times their
width. Ocelli in a nearly equilateral triangle, as far from one another as
from the eye-margin. Eyes sparsely pilose. Malar space as long as the eye,
without trace of any furrow. Clypeus not separated from the face medially,
with very deep lateral foveas, anterior margin straight, with a linear impres-
sion along the margin and a lanceolate one just above this. Antennae of
equal thickness throughout the flagellum ; scape twice as long as thick ; first
joint of flagellum five times as long as thick; second three fourths as long;
following gradually growing shorter, last only about a fourth longer than the
penultimate. Thorax gradually narrowed in front ; posterior corners of pro-
thorax not tuberculate or swollen. Scutellar impression deep. Propodeum
long, its upper surface gradually curving down to tip, with a strong, com-
plete median carina, with a broad, smooth space on each side of the carina,
becoming narrower behind and somewhat tuberculate on the posterior third,
rugose-punctate laterally. Pro- and mesopleurae entirely smooth ; line of
punctures along hind margin of latter enlarged into short striae below the
middle. Metapleurae rugose-reticulate, with a small, smooth space above.
Petiole of abdomen over twice as long as thick, tubular, but strongly arcuate,
being bent up at each end ; entirely smooth both above and below ; second
segment at base with only a median stria which is as long as the petiole;
discal cicatrices oblique and lying close to the stria. Femora very stout;
longer spur of hind tibia one third as long as the metatarsus. Appendage or
tarsal claws of four anterior legs as long and about as stout as the claw.
Wings distinctly tinged with brown ; stigma narrow, small ; radial cell nearly
as long as the stigma ; the radial vein entering the costa at an angle of about
450. Cubital and discoidal veins indicated as brown streaks: second section
of radius, and first to a less extent, prolonged as brown streaks into the disc
of the wing.

18 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo'- xxvii.

One specimen from Ramsey, N. J., August 22, 1909. Type in
American Museum of Natural History.

This fine large species is very similar to E. longiceps Ashm. in
appearance, but is easily distinguished by the petiole of the abdomen
being entirely smooth. The petiole is striate in both sexes of E.
longiceps.

Explanation of Plates I and II.

Fig. 1. Serphus zabriskiei new species, a, apex of abdomen and ovi-
positor; b, stigma and cell; c, base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 2. Serphus sequoiarum new species. Stigma and cell of wing and
base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 3. Serphus cockerelli new species. Stigma and cell of wing and
base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 4. Serphus d chilis new species. Stigma and cell of wing, and base
of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 5. Cryptoserphus flaripcs Prov. Stigma and cell of wing and base
of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 6. Cryptoserphus abrupt us Say. Stigma and cell of wing and base
of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 7. Cryptoserphus occidentalis new species. Stigma and cell of wing
•and base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 8. Cryptoserphus melanderi new species. Stigma and cell of wing
and base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 9. Plurnoserphus longipes new species. Stigma and cell of wing
and base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 10. Exallonyx august iceps Brues. Stigma and cell of wing and
flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 11. Exallonyx similis new species. Stigma and cell of wing and
base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 12. Exallonyx pi acid us Brues. Stigma and cell of wing and base
of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 13. Exallonyx fuscicornis new species. Stigma and cell of wing
and second to sixth joints of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 14. Exallonyx ashmeadi new species. Stigma and cell of wing and
base of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 15. Exallonyx pleural is new species. Stigma and cell of wing.

Fig. 16. Exallonyx scrricornis Brues. Stigma and cell of wing and base
of flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 17. Exallonyx simplicior Brues. Stigma and cell of wing and fla-
gellum of antenna.

Fig. 18. Exallonyx pallidicornis new species. Stigma and cell in wing
and flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 19. Exallonyx carinatus new species. Stigma and cell of wing and
flagellum of antenna (first five joints above, last seven below).

Journ. X. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XX I'll. PL I.

9 ;**%

~1 — ./ r

Serphidae.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. /'/. //.

Serphidae.

March. 1919.1 Vinal: Carolixa Locust. 19

Fig. 20. Exallonyx parvulus new species. Stigma and cell in wing and
flagellum of antenna.

Fig. 21. Exallonyx grandis new species, a, stigma and cell of wing; b.
flagellum of antenna; c, petiole of abdomen: (p, propodeum ; i, petiole; 2,
second abdominal segment).

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE CAROLINA
LOCUST (DISSOSTEIRA CAROLINA LINNE).1

By Stuart C. Vinal,
Amherst, Mass.

This paper is one of a series of contributions from the Entomo-
logical Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, deal-
ing with the anatomy of the grasshopper, Dissosteira Carolina L. In
its preparation I have received much encouragement and assistance
from Dr. H. T. Fernald, Dr. G. C. Crampton and Dr. W. S. Regan,
and I would take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation of
their kindly interest and advice.

Historical.

Aristotle (about 320 B.C.) propounded the theory that insects did
not breathe, and it was not until the time of Malpighi (1669) that it
was demonstrated that insects respire by means of internal tracheae.
The studies of Malpighi (1669) on the silk worm, of Swammerdam
( 1673) on the honey bee, and of Lyonet (1762) on the goat moth
paved the way for later investigations, but the famous monograph of
Straus-Durckheim (1828) on the anatomy of the cockchafer (Melo-
lontha vulgaris L.) in which the tracheal system is treated in great
detail, furnishes the basis for all modern work on the subject, such
as that of Alt (1912) on the respiratory system of Dytiscus margi-
nalis L.. etc.

Among the works dealing with the respiratory system of Orthop-
tera in particular, may be mentioned the investigations of Marcel de
Serres (1S19) on Truxalis nasutus, Leon Dufour (1841) on the

1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Portion of a thesis for the degree of
Master of Science.

20 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVuL xxvu.

Anatomy of the Orthoptera, Hymenoptera and Neuroptera, and Miall
and Denny (1886) on the cockroach. Packard (1878-1880) has
given an excellent general description of the tracheal system of the
red legged locust (Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG.), but his work
is lacking in detail, and contains many inaccuracies, due no doubt to
the fact that the dissecting microscopes available at that time were
but crude implements in comparison with the perfected binoculars of
to-day and even with the help of our improved appliances and tech-
nique, the tracing out of the various ramifications of the tracheal
system requires much time and patience. Snodgrass (1903) has
apparently described the general features of the tracheal system in
Dissostcira, but his paper is not accessible to me and but few copies
of it were ever printed. Therefore, since no detailed account of
the respiratory system of any primitive insect is at present generally
available, the morphology of the tracheal system of Dissostcira has
been worked out in the present paper to fill this lack.

Organs of Respiration.
A. External Organs or Spiracles. (Plate III, Fig. 4.)

Ten pairs of spiracles are present in Dissostcira Carolina, two
pairs of which are located on the sides of the thorax and eight pairs
on the abdomen.

I. Situation. (Plate III, Fig. 4.)

The first thoracic spiracle (I) lies in the lateral intersegmental
membranous region connecting the pro- and meso-thorax, and be-
neath the hind lobe of the pronotum.

The second thoracic spiracle (77) is situated just above the sec-
ond coxal cavity between the meso- and meta-thorax.

The first abdominal spiracle (HI) lies in the auditory cavity just
anterior to the tympanal sense organ. The other seven pairs of
abdominal spiracles (IV to X) are all similarly placed on the lower
anterior margin of each dorsal plate to the ninth abdominal segment
where no spiracles are present.

II. Morphology.

In the Carolina locust three types of spiracles are found.
(a) First Thoracic Spiracle. — (Plate IV, Fig. 11.) This is by far
the largest spiracle in the body and is closed externally by a large

March, 1 9 19-1 VlNAL : CAROLINA LOCUST. 21

two-lobed valve. The basal portion of the anterior lobe is prolonged
somewhat posteriorly, forming a protruding pocket of the body wall.
The aperture immediately within the valve is divided into two cham-
bers, each of which leads to a separate main tracheal tube. Between
these tracheae is a chitinous septum (stm) which arises at the inner
side of the posterior valvular lobe and extends anteriorly. Here it
is tbickened on its free end to which an occlusor muscle (ocm) is
attached. Two valvular muscles are connected to an internal chiti-
nous projection which arises at the lower anterior corner of the
forward lobe. One muscle is inserted at the thickened end of the
septum (see Fig. 11) and is the true occlusor muscle, while the other
runs to the outer edge of the posterior lobe. As mentioned above
two separate main tracheal tubes arise directly from this spiracle
as shown in figure II. The dorsal or larger air tube supplies the
cephalic tracheae, while the lower or smaller tube gives off its branches
to the thoracic muscles.

(b) Second Thoracic Spiracle. — (Plate IV, Fig. 12.) This con-
sists of an external two-lobed valve, the anterior lobe of which is
considerably larger than the posterior one, and leads directly into a
single main tracheal tube. Each lobe is somewhat triangular in out-
line and their opposing corners are connected internally by a chiti-
nous cross band. The occlusor muscle (ocm) is inserted at the
middle of this band and extends ventrally to a chitinous projection
of the integument. The contraction of this muscle draws both lobes
together.

(c) Abdominal Spiracles. — (Plate IV, Fig. 13.) These differ
markedly from the thoracic spiracles, their external orifice being per-
manently open and leading directly into a shallow oval cup which
communicates with a single main trachea. The occluding apparatus
is quite different from those described above and consists of an in-
ternal hinged lobe at the apex of which the occlusor muscle (ocm) .
is attached. The abdominal spiracles are partly surrounded by a
peculiar semicircular horny margin which is merely the infolded edge
of the integument surrounding the spiracle. The occluding lobe
(left lobe, Fig. 13) is drawn down upon this horny margin by the
occluding muscle (ocm), thus cutting off the supply of air to the
tracheal tube.

Each of the eight pairs of abdominal spiracles is constructed on

22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

the above plan, the first and last merely differing from the others in
their larger size.

B. Tracheal System.

It is necessary to make a large number of dissections in order to
obtain an accurate knowledge of this complicated system, for it. is
impossible by a single dissection to show all the tracheae contained
within the body.

In studying the tracheal system alcoholic specimens proved to be
of very little value, as tracheae filled with this fluid can be traced
only with great difficulty. An attempt was made to fill the tracheae
with india ink, melted wax, and other substances, by submerging the
insect in these materials and exhausting the air from the container,
in the hope that atmospheric pressure would force these substances
into the tracheae when the air was again admitted, but these proved
unsatisfactory. It was found that tracheae containing air were very
easily traced when dissected specimens were submerged in water, but
this necessitated fresh insects.

After considerable experimentation the following method was
devised for the preservation of locusts with air in their tracheae.

The Carolina locusts were caught and killed in a cyanide bottle
in the usual manner. At the close of a collecting trip these insects
were placed in a desiccator on a wire gauze, the bottom part of which
was partly filled with 8 per cent, formalin solution. This proved to
be very satisfactory in preserving the air in the tracheal system and
preventing the insects from hardening while the formalin gas lib-
erated prevented molds and bacteria from breaking down the insect
tissue.
I. Structure of the Tracheae.

The tracheal system of insects originates in the embryo as tubular
invaginations of the ectodermal layer, and therefore the fundamental
structure is similar to that of the body wall. The tracheae are elastic
tubes lined by a chitinous layer corresponding to the chitinous exo-
skeleton of an insect, and are surrounded by an epithelial layer con-
tinuous with that of the hypodermis. The inner chitinous lining,
called the intima, is thickened at regular intervals to form spiral
threads, called taenidia, which are not continuous throughout the
tracheal tube but are frequently broken. The taenidia function in

March, 1919- 1 Vinal: Carolina Locust. 23

keeping the tracheae permanently open without affecting their flexi-
bility. These elastic threads are not found in the ultimate branches
of the tracheae, called tracheoles or in the air sacs.
II. General Morphology of the Tracheal System.

A detailed description of this system would require a very lengthy
paper. It is therefore advisable to consider only the more important
tracheae found in the Carolina locust in the present article.

The tracheal system of the grasshopper may be divided into three
distinct parts —

( 1 ) Cephalic tracheae.

(2) Thoracic tracheae.

(3) Abdominal tracheae.

These will be treated separately in the following pages.

(a) Cephalic Trachecc.

As we have seen, the first thoracic spiracle (Plate IV, Fig. 11) is
composed of two chambers which give rise to two tracheal tubes.
The upper chamber or larger opening leads into a large main tube
which soon divides, forming two main tracheae which run to the
head. The dorsal branch, termed the superior cephalic trachea
(Plate II, Fig. 1, /,) runs to the dorsal surface of the head and joins
the ophthalmic trachea (Plate III, Fig. 5; ot) surrounding the com-
pound eye at the vertex (Plate IV, Fig. 10). The second branch,
known as the median cephalic trachea, soon divides and sends a
branch to the external lateral head muscles (Plate I, Fig. 5; I2a).
This also connects dorsally with the superior cephalic trachea and
ventrally with the anterior tentorial arm plexus (Tp), as shown in
Fig. 5. The other branch of the median cephalic trachea (Plate III,
Fig. 1 ; I.,,,) passes through the occipital foramen with the alimentary
canal and divides, forming two branches at the main body of the
tentorium. One branch (Fig. 1, I.,h') travels along the anterior edge
of the dorsal tentorial arm giving off numerous small branches to
the muscles and ends in a large air sac {A) situated over the ali-
mentary canal (also see Plate IV, Fig. 14). The second branch of
I,, 1, ( Fig. 1, 1 ,,.!' ) extends forward and gives off a small branch
closely applied to the proventriculus while the main tube runs to the
under surface of the brain. Here it forms a large number of vesicu-
lar air sacs, which completely surround this organ. Just before the

24 Journal New York Entomological Society. lVo1- xxvu.

median cephalic trachea divides to form its two main tracheae run-
ning to the head a ventral branch is given off which unites with the
inferior thoraco-cephalic trachea (Plate III, Fig. i;tc). The thoraco-
cephalic trachea (tc) enters the head just beneath the body of the
tentorium (see Fig. i and Fig. 14), then curves laterally, giving off
branches to the labium, maxillae, and mandibles, while the main tube
continues on and ends at the plexus situated at the junction of the
anterior tentorial arm and external chitin (Fig. 5).

The following tubes constitute the more important tracheae found
in the head region.

The ophthalmic trachea (Plate III, Fig. 5, ot) surrounding the com-
pound eye gives off numerous branches which supply the optic
ganglia. A large sac-like tube (gt) originates from the ventral por-
tion of the ophthalmic trachea and runs ventrally beneath the gena
to the anterior tentorial plexus (Tp) previously mentioned. Con-
necting these tentorial arm plexuses is a large transverse dilated
trachea which passes in the front of the head just above the junction
of the clypeus and frons (Fig. 6). From this tube, branches are
given off to the clypeus and labrum. Medially this transverse tube
gives off a dorsal dilated air sac which supplies the front of the head
and connects dorsally with both the ophthalmic and superior cephalic
tracheae.

All the above mentioned tracheae receive air through the large
chamber of the first thoracic spiracle, with the exception of the
thoraco-cephalic trachea which receives air from the first, second and
third spiracles (/, 77, III ) in a more or less indirect manner.

(b) Thoracic Tracheal System.

The thorax contains many muscles all of which must be intimately
supplied with oxygen. This necessitates a large number of tracheae
whose arrangement is very complicated. The tracing of this system
becomes very difficult because upon removing a muscle to expose the
tracheae beneath, a large number of the connections between the
tracheal tubes of each layer are destroyed.

The tracheae situated in the median sagittal plane will be discussed
first (Plate I, Fig. 1). The other figures (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are
drawn looking from within and removing one muscle layer at a time
until the last layer is reached, which is drawn both from within (Fig.

March, i9 1 9-1 VlNAL : CAROLINA LOCUST. 25

3) and by removing the external chitin of the thorax (Plate IV,
Fig- 7)-

In general, tracheal tubes originate at the lower or smaller cham-
ber of the first thoracic spiracle and pass backward between the
muscle layers to the first abdominal spiracle (///) and connect with
the second spiracular plexus at the different intersections of this
plexus and the muscle layers.

The tracheal system of the thorax is best understood if two divi-
sions are discussed separately: (i) Dorsal tracheae which supply air
to most of the thoracic muscles, and (2) ventral tracheae which
supply the head, nervous system and legs.

Dorsal Thoracic Trachea. — The median sagittal section and its
air tubes will be discussed first (Plate III, Fig. i). From spiracle III
a branch is given off which runs to the median surface of the dorsal
longitudinal muscles (III-Ba), where it divides into three branches
which distribute themselves over the surface of these muscles, but all
connect anteriorly with the main thoracic air sac B while still in the
metathorax. This is the largest air sac found in the body and runs
contiguous to the median surface of the dorsal longitudinal muscles,
giving off many branches to these muscles. Just below the phragma,
dividing the meta- and meso-thorax, this important air sac gives off
a branch, which runs transversely beneath the dorsal longitudinal
muscles and forms a compound plexus (II-p), receiving branches of
the thoracic tracheal system at the different muscle levels, and finally
connecting with the second thoracic spiracle. Anteriorly another
ventral branch is given off by air sac B which joins indirectly the
smaller chamber of spiracle /. This completes the dorsal thoracic
tracheae shown in Fig. i.

On the lateral surface of the dorsal longitudinal muscles two
arched tracheae are found supplying air to these muscles. These are
only partly shown in Plate III, Fig. 2. One of these originates at spi-
racle / (I-D) and connects posteriorly with air sac D, situated just
anterior to the phragma dividing the meso- and meta-thorax, which
in turn is joined ventrally with plexus II-p. The lateral side of the
longitudinal muscles of the metathorax is furnished by an arched
tracheal tube which originates at II-p (Fig. 2, 1 1 -1 1 1 a) and ends at
spiracle ///.

26 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi- xxvil.

Upon removing the dorso-longitudinal muscles of Fig. i the tra-
cheae shown in Fig. 2 are exposed. From spiracle I two main tubes
run contiguous to the dorso-ventral muscles of the mesothorax (I -II
bY, I-II-b„) and each terminates at the second spiracular plexus II-p.
A trachea II-III-bx originates at II-p and runs dorsalward in the
metathorax contiguous to the dorso-ventral muscles and continues
over the dorsal edge of these muscles, connecting with a small air
sac shown in Plate III, Fig. 3, E, which in turn is indirectly united
with spiracle 77/.

Upon removing the dorso-ventral muscles shown in Fig. 2 the
more complicated tracheal system shown in Fig. 3 is exposed. In
general this consists of a single principal trachea, I-II-c, which con-
nects spiracle I with II-p and a trachea II-III-c, which connects II-p
with spiracle III. In the mesothorax I-II-c gives off a ventral tube
which connects with the tube g shown in Fig. 1. At the middle of
II-III-c the main meta-thoracic trachea of Fig. 2 (II-III-bx) after
passing through the air sac E joins the tracheal system of figure 3.
Ventrally II-III-c gives off an air sac F which connects with the sub-
ventral trachea w of Fig. 1. The other trachea which is given off
ventrally by II-III-c supplies tracheoles to the muscles. At III (Fig.
3) is shown a tube (tc) which runs antero-ventrally and is the origin
of the thoraco-cephalic trachea (tc, Fig. 1).

In Plate IV, Fig. 7, are shown the tracheae which lie just under
the layer of muscles shown in Plate I, Fig. 3. but these have been
drawn by removing the exoskeleton of the thorax. In Fig. 3 the
second spiracular plexus continues ventrally and connects with the
main spiracular trachea, as shown in Plate II, Fig. 7. Another
branch from air sac D also connects with this main tube. The air
sacs shown in Fig. 7 will not be discussed, as reference to the figure
will explain their significance in supplying air to the dorso-ventral
muscles. From spiracle II a ventral branch is given off which soon
divides, sending one branch into the mesothoracic leg (i„), while the
other branch is connected with air sac C of Fig. I. From spiracle
III a branch is sent into the hind leg (Ia), while another connects
with, the air sac F, the other side of which has been shown in Fig. 3.
From the smaller chamber of spiracle I a trachea is given off which
runs to the fore leg and another main branch which runs to the

''• ">">\ Vinal: Carolina Lo< 27

superventral trachea l-II-h. (Plate III, Fig. i). The main spiracular
trachea also runs dorsally, giving off a hranch which gives rise to
the trachea; of each muscle layer.

Ventral Thoracic Trachccc. — Thus far only the dorsal thoracic
trachea1 have heen considered, hut all the important points connecting
two systems have heen noted.

The main tube running antero-ventrally from spiracle /// (Plate
///, Fig. 3, U ) and continuing forward through the thorax (Fig
to the head is the thoraco-cephalic trachea. This tube extends
each side of the ventral nerve cord to which it gives off many
branches. A superventral branch ( I-II-b.., Fig. t j arising from
spiracle / runs posteriorly, giving off a branch which forms an air
sac C (Fig. f), which in turn is almost directly connected with spi-
racle // | [V, Fig. 7, and Plate III, Fig. 3). Near this air
sac another branch is given off (Fig. I, g), which connects with the
ventral mesothoracic trachea given off by I-II-c of Fig. 3. Other
branches of this trachea run into the metathoracic muscles, where
they repeatedly divide, while the main tube ( II-Ik.) continues on and
enters the metathoracic leg. An anterior branch is given off near
air sac C, which supplies air to the salivary glands located in the
mesothorax. An air tube w (Fig. i), which arises from the lateral
spiracular trachea of the abdomen between spiracles /// and IV, runs
forward and joins with air sac /; 1 Plate III, Fig. 3).

(c) Abdominal Tracheal System.

In comparison with the cephalic and thoracic tracheal system that
of the abdomen is simple. From each abdominal spiracle short air
tubes connect with a main longitudinal spiracular trachea (spt, Fig.
8, and Fig. 9), which extends from spiracle X forward on each side
of the abdomen to spiracle ///. From this spiracular trachea origi-
nate all the branches found in the abdomen. Typically in each seg-
ment of the abdomen bearing a spiracle, three main tubes are given
off by the spiracular trachea of that segment. One runs dorsally to
connect with an undulating longitudinal dorsal trachea and
leaving the spiracular trachea gives off a branch which bei
tended, forming a large air sac which is connected with the air
of both the preceding and following segments. A ventral branch is
also given off by the main spiracular trachea which unites with the

28 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

ventral tracheal system. In addition to the dorsal and ventral
branches a median tube is given off which supplies the alimentary
canal with its tracheae.

In describing the abdominal tracheal system three main divisions
are recognized: (i) Dorsal, (2) ventral, and (3) alimentary tracheae.

Dorsal Abdominal Trachea. — (Plate IV, Fig. 8.) In each seg-
ment of the abdomen bearing a spiracle, a dorsal branch, the dorso-
segmental trachea, is given off by the main spiracular trachea. These
branches connect dorsally with a right and left dorsal abdominal
trachea (da), which runs in close approximation to the alary muscles
of the heart. The dorsal abdominal trachea extends from spiracle
777 to beyond spiracle X, the latter spiracle being connected with
this tube by three dorsal segmental tracheae instead of one. The
right and left dorsal abdominal tracheae are independent and are in
no way connected by transverse tubes.

The abdominal air sacs are closely associated with both the dorsal
and alimentary tracheal systems. There are eight of these sacs on
each side which originate as branches of the dorso-segmental tracheae
and those of each side are all connected by a longitudinal trachea
which runs along the top of the alimentary canal and reproductive
organs. These are usually found imbedded in the fat body. Over
the ileum in the sixth abdominal segment the right and left longi-
tudinal trachea connecting the air sacs unite to form the ileal plexus
(Ip). The air sacs arising from spiracles IX and X join directly
with this plexus as shown in Fig. 8.

Ventral Abdominal Tracheae. — (Plate IV, Figs. 8 and 9.) In the
dorsal abdominal tracheal system the two dorsal abdominal tracheae
run contiguous to the alary muscles of the heart, but are in no way
connected with each other. In the ventral system a single ventral
segmental tube is given off by the spiracular trachea in every segment
bearing a spiracle. This segmental tube runs ventrally to join a
ventral abdominal trachea (va), situated on each side of the nerve
cord in every segment bearing a spiracle. Instead of the right and
left ventral abdominal trachea being separate they are joined by a
transverse tube which runs beneath the nervous system. This ven-
tral system gives off many branches to the nerve cord and at its pos-
terior extremity these tracheae give rise to branches which supply

March, 1919.] VlNAL: CAROLINA LOCUST. 29

the genital organs (x). Anteriorly this system ends in small air
sacs situated in the first abdominal segment.

Alimentary Canal Tracheal System. — (Plate V, Fig. 16.) With
the exception of a short branch of / 2b" (Plate III, Fig. i), which is
contiguous to the proventriculus, all of the tracheal tubes connecting
with the alimentary canal arise from the abdominal spiracles. From
spiracle 3 two air tubes run to the alimentary canal, one connecting
with the lateral alimentary trachea (Ir), the other connecting with
the superior alimentary trachea (sp). These longitudinal tubes, the
lateral and superior alimentary tracheae, are situated between the
coecal pouches and are continued posteriorly in a more or less indefi-
nite manner until opposite spiracle 8, where they unite to form a
single tube which connects with spiracle 10. The superior alimen-
tary trachea gives off many branches between its connections with
spiracles 6 and 8, which enter the reproductive organs. The two
branches given off by spiracle 3 supply the dorsal and lateral sides
of the alimentary canal in the vicinity of the cceca, while the single
branch given off from spiracle 4 supplies only the ventral portion of
this region. From spiracles 5, 6, 7 and 8 two branches are sent to
the alimentary canal, one, a dorsal tube connecting with the superior
alimentary trachea (sp), the other a ventral branch supplying the
ventral side of this canal. Spiracle 9 supplies a ventral tube run-
ning beneath the ileum, and a dorsal dilated tube which connects with
the ileal plexus (Ip). From spiracle 10 many branches arise which
supply tracheae to the digestive canal and to the muscles of the repro-
ductive organs. The most important trachea given off by this spi-
racle is a dilated tube which connects with the ileal plexus (Ip).

In Plate V, Fig. 16, the alimentary tracheal system has been drawn
only for the left side. On the right side the air sacs which occur
in the abdomen have been figured. These are also shown in Plate
IV, Fig. 8.

The air sacs on each side of the abdomen are connected by a longi-
tudinal tube which joins posteriorly the ileal plexus (Ip). This
plexus, then, consists of six more or less dilated tubes which unite
just anterior to the rectum and above the ileum.

In Fig. 16 only the right half of the rectum has been drawn in
order that the origin of the tracheae which appear on it may be better
shown on the left side.

30 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

19 1 2. Alt. Ueber das Respirationssystem von Dytiscus marginalis. Diss.

Marburg. (See also Zeit. Wiss. Zoologie, Bd. 99.)
1909. Berlese. Gli Insetti. Milano, 1909.
1841. Dufour. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les Orthop-

teres, les Hymenopteres, et les Neuropteres : Mem. math. Sav. etrang,

Paris, 1 84 1, T. 7, pp. 265-647.
1762. Lyonet. Traite anatomique de la Chenille qui ronge les bois du saule.

La Haye, 1762.
1669. Malpighi. Dissertatio epistolica de Bombyce. Londini, 1669.
1886. Miall & Denny. The Cockroach. London, 1886.
1878. Packard. Anatomy and Embryology of Locust: First Rpt. U. S. Ent.

Comm., p. 257. Washington, 1878.
1880. Packard. The Air-sacs of Locusts: Second Rpt. U. S. Ent. Comm.,

p. 178. Washington, 1880.
1877. Palmen. Zur Morphologie des Tracheensystems. Helsingfors, 1877.
1903. Snodgrass. Anatomy of the Carolina Locust Dissosteira. Washing-
ton State Agr. College, 1903.
1828. Straus-Durckheim. Anatomie comparee des Animaux articules. Paris,

1828.
1737. Swammerdam. Bybel der Natuure. Leydae, 1737.

Terminology.
Spiracle Terminology.

I — First thoracic spiracle.
II — Second thoracic spiracle.
Ill — First abdominal spiracle.
IV— X — Second to eighth abdominal spiracles.
stm — Septum.
ocm — Occluding muscle.
In Fig. 16 Arabic numerals (3 to 10) are used instead of Roman numerals
to represent the spiracles.
Tracheal Terminology.
Air sacs.

A — Cephalic air sac.
B — Main thoracic air sac.
C — Air sac connecting with spiracle //.
D, E and F — Other air sacs found in thorax."
Tracheal Tubes,
(a) Head.

Ix — Superior cephalic trachea.
L2 (a and b) — Median cephalic trachea and branches.
gt — Genal trachea.
ot — Ophthalmic trachea.

Jour n. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PI. ///.

"Fig. 4 Fi?-6

Dissosteira Carolina Lin.

Joarii. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

I ol. XX I II. /'/. IV.

Dissosteira Carolina Lin.

Jourri. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXV J I. PL V

Fig. 16

Dissosteira Carolina Lin.

March, 1919.] VlNAL: CAROLINA LOCUST. 31

tc — Thoraco-cephalic trachea.
Tp — Anterior tentorial arm plexus.

(b) Thorax.

ale — Trachea to alimentary canal.
g — Trachea connecting with I— lie (Fig. 3).
7i 72> 73 — Pro-, meso-, and metathoracic leg trachea.
Up — Second spiracular plexus.
tc — Thoraco-cephalic trachea.
w — Trachea connecting with air sac F.
Trachea? found between the thoracic muscles are designated by combining
two Roman numerals. I-II-b = a trachea connecting spiracle I with spiracle
II. The letters a, b and c denote the muscular layer in which these tubes
appear. Fig. 1 = layer a ; Fig. 2 = layer b ; Fig. 3 = layer c.

(c) Abdomen.

da — Dorso-abdominal trachea.
Ip — Ileal plexus.
ir — Lateral alimentary trachea.
sp — Superior alimentary trachea.
spt — Spiracular trachea.
va — Ventro-abdominal trachea.
x (Fig. 9) — Trachea supplying air to reproductive organs.
7-Xor3-io — See Spiracle Terminology.

Explanation of Plates III-V.

Fig. 1. Median sagittal section of head and thorax.

Fig. 2. Longitudinal dorsal muscles of the thorax removed from Fig. 1
to show the dorsal tracheae lying beneath.

Fig. 3. Muscular layer shown in Fig. 2 removed to show the tracheae and
muscles in the next layer. This is an internal view of the lateral thoracic
muscles.

Fig. 4. Situation of the spiracles.

Fig. 5. Side view of head showing tracheae.

Fig. 6. Front view of head showing tracheae.

Fig. 7. External view of lateral muscles shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 8. Sagittal section of the abdomen with the digestive canal removed
to show the abdominal air sacs, dorsal and ventral tracheal systems together
with the spiracular trachea.

Fig. 9. Ventral abdominal tracheal system.

Fig. 10. Dorsal aspect of head showing tracheae of this region.

Fig. 11. Internal view of the first thoracic spiracle situated on the right
side of the body.

Fig. 12. Internal view of the second thoracic spiracle situated on the
right side of the body.

Fig. 13. Internal view of the abdominal spiracles situated on the right
side of the body.

32 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvu.

Fig. 14. Posterior view of the head showing main tracheae entering the
occipital foramen from thorax, also the tracheal system of labium and maxillae.

Fig. 15. Tracheae found in the metathoracic leg.

Fig. 16. Dorsal aspect of the digestive canal showing on left side the
alimentary tracheae and on the right side the abdominal air sacs.

NEW SPECIES OF SERICA (SCARAB^ID.flE).— I.

By R. W. Dawson,

Lincoln, Nebraska.

Two years ago, while determining the Scarabseidas contained in
the collection of the Department of Entomology, University of Ne-
braska, the writer became interested in the genus Serica. It was at
once apparent that the material at hand could not be named from the
existing literature relating to this genus. In some cases the species
were obviously new, in others several species seemed to answer equally
well to the very brief and general descriptions, and it was impossible
to tell which were new and which were not. Further than this, the
writer was unable by external characters alone to satisfactorily divide
the series before him into definitely marked species, regardless of
names. However, some very surprising and encouraging discoveries
were made by examining the genitalia of several species. As a result
of these studies the task of working out a monographic revision of
the genus was undertaken. Up to the present time between two and
three thousand specimens, coming from many parts of the United
States and Canada, have been studied.

Special acknowledgment should be made to Messrs. Leng, Blatch-
ley, Casey and Skinner for permitting me to examine and dissect
valuable type material, and to Mr. Gilbert Arrow for comparing
specimens for me with the American types in the British Museum.
In fact it is only through this generous assistance that any real prog-
ress has been made in applying the published names.

The large amount of time necessary for making the almost count-
less dissections and numerous drawings required for this work, com-
pels the writer to return much borrowed material, and publish the
descriptions of a number of new species before the study can be

March, 1919.] Dawson: New Species of Serica. 33

completed. It is hoped, however, that the descriptions and figures of
the new species will stimulate an interest in this long neglected genus
and ultimately result in a far more complete review than would other-
wise have been possible.

All types, unless otherwise noted, are deposited in the collection
of the Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska.

Serica campestris new species.

<^. Length, 8.5 mm., width, 4.5 mm. Color very dark mahogany, upper
surface bare, polished and shining, without any trace of sericeous or pruinose
lusters ; however, the propygidium, basal margins of pygidium, sixth sternite
and sides of the preceding sternites, anterior coxse and lower half of anterior
femora lightly pruinose.

Clypeus slightly, or not at all depressed below the level of the front, lateral
margins moderately elevated, the anterior margin more suddenly and strongly
elevated, moderately sinuate at the middle ; the lateral incisure acute and
only moderately strong ; discal area very slightly tumid just below the
middle ; evenly and closely punctured, the punctures separated by one half to
two thirds their own diameters. Clypeal suture fine but distinct. Front and
occipital area less densely and regularly punctured, the punctures contiguous
to separated by three times their own diameters. Antennal club about equal
to the total length of the antenna beyond the basal constriction of the first
segment. Eyes not large, and head relatively broad and short, as is shown
by the following measurements :* Diameter of head through eyes 23, distance
between inner eye margins, 14; length of head on medial line, 16; extreme
width of clypeus in front of incisure, 11. 5; antennal club, 7.7; dorso-ventral
diameter of eye, 8.2.

Pronotum convex, widest through the posterior angles which are bluntly
rectangular, and arcuately narrowed to the acute anterior angles ; punctura-
tion similar to that of front, but becoming somewhat closer toward the sides.
The pronotal measurements are as follows : Width through posterior angles,
37; width through anterior angles, 23.5; length on median line, 21. Scu-
tellum closely punctured like pronotum, but often a little less densely so on
the median line ; though apparently longer than wide, the actual measurements
are: Base. 15; length, 15.

Elytra normally furrowed, the grooves very closely punctured with three
rather confused rows of laterally coalescing punctures ; costas with a few ir-
regularly placed punctures. Length of elytra, 70 ; greatest width. 45-5°- Body
beneath coarsely, not closely punctured, the punctures finer on the abdomen,
where they tend to develop into longitudinal wrinkles. Middle of fifth abdom-

1 The unit of measurement used is one tenth of a millimeter; measure-
ments obtained by the translation of micrometer readings. (Use only actual
measurements, because the impressions of comparative dimensions are usually
inaccurate, often astonishingly so.)

34 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvu.

inal sternite more or less longitudinally excavated. All of the abdominal ster-
nites with a single, submarginal row of inconspicuous setae. Median im-
pressed line of metasternum with a closely approximated, and posteriorly
slightly diverging line of small confluent punctures on each side, laterad of
these lines a row of setigerous punctures.

The genital armature of the male (PI. VI) measures 2.7 mm. in length
and shows a more than common degree of asymmetry, which often extends
down the stalk to the base of the dorsal prominence. No variations of con-
sequence have been noted in the armatures of the numerous specimens exam-
ined. The genital plates of the females of all of the species seem to be very
simple and undifferentiated, and are therefore not figured at the present time.

J. Differs from the male only in the usual secondary sexual characters :
slightly shorter antennal club, more convex underline of abdomen, less con-
vex pygidium and much less emarginate sixth ventral plate.

Type: o". Lincoln, Nebraska, May 6, 1918 (L. Brunei-).
Allotypes: ?. Lincoln, Nebraska, June 5, 1918 (L. Bruner).
Paratypes: 51 d\ 37 ?:

Nebraska: Lincoln 35 S, 18 ?; Fairmont 1 6", 1 ?; Hooper 1 6*;

Brock 1 d\
Iowa: Iowa City 1 3.
Illinois: Nashville 1 d", I $.
Indiana: Lafayette 90*, 17 $; Marin Co. 1 o".
Louisiana : Vowell's Mill 1 c?.
This species is very similar in general appearance to S. inter-
mixta Blatchley, in fact is separable only by very careful comparison
of specimens, unless the determinations are made by examining the
male genitalia which differ widely in the two species, the claspers of
the armature being nearly symmetrical in intermixta. The principal
differential, external characters of campestris are its darker color,
distinctly less heavily punctured elytra and shorter antennal club,
than in intermixta.

Serica cucullata new species.

^. Length, 10 mm. ; width, 5.5 mm. Color chestnut-brown, upper surface
bare, polished and shining, without any trace of sericeous or pruinose lusters ;
the only trace of a pruinose luster observable on the entire body being on
the anterior coxae, inferior portion of anterior femora and terminal segment
of the abdomen.

Clypeus distinctly impressed, with elevated margins, the anterior margin
more strongly so, slightly reflexed and moderately sinuate at the middle ; the
lateral incisure relatively deep, wide and obtuse at the bottom ; discal area
very distinctly tumid slightly below the middle; puncturation moderately

March, 1919! DaWSOX : New SPECIES OF SERICA. 35

strong, uniform and rather dense, the punctures separated by one half to two
thirds of their own diameters. Front much less densely punctured ; the punc-
tures irregularly placed, contiguous to separated by three or four times their
own diameters. Occipital area nearly impunctate. Antennal club rather long,
about equal to the total length of the antenna. The eyes are relatively large,
and the head narrow anteriorly, as is shown by the following measurements :
Diameter of head through eyes, 28; distance between inner eye margins, 16;
length of head on median line, 20.5 ; extreme width of clypeus in front of
incisure, 13; antennal club, 11.3; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 11.

Pronotum transverse and only moderately convex ; sides but little con-
vergent through the posterior two thirds of their length, then rather suddenly
rounded inwardly to the anterior angles; puncturation similar to that of the
front, becoming somewhat closer toward the sides. The pronotal measure-
ments are as follows: Width through the posterior angles, 44; width through
the anterior angles, 29; length on median line, 24.5. Scutellum closely punc-
tured at the sides, nearly impunctate through the center and at the apex;
though apparently longer than wide, the actual measurements are: Base, 11;
length, 12.

Elytra strongly furrowed, the sulci densely and coarsely punctured, with
the punctures arranged in three irregular rows which show a tendency to
become laterally confluent. Elytral costae well rounded and with a few large
scattered punctures. Length of elytra, 81 ; greatest width, 55—60. Body be-
neath coarsely, not closely punctured, the punctures finer on the abdomen.
Fourth sternite often more or less impressed at the middle, sometimes show-
ing a fine, longitudinal line through the vaguely defined impression. The
single, submarginal rows of setae seen on the sternites of most of the species
are here nearly or quite wanting, although rows of slightly coarser punctures
are traceable. Metasternum similar to that of the preceding species.

The genital armature of this species is unusually large, measuring 3.4 mm.
in length. Its general characteristics are sufficiently indicated by the figures
on Plate VII, but attention should be drawn to the nature and extent of the
variations observed. The sides of the stalk are often much less convergent
toward the tip than is shown in the figure, in a few examples nearly parallel,
also the recurved rims of the claspers are often much less angulate, in fact
the angulation nearly or quite disappears in a few specimens. A single speci-
men is at hand from Clayton, Georgia, with the stalk much shortened.

$?. Differs from the male only in the usual secondary characters men-
tioned in the preceding description.

Type: 6. Montreal, Quebec, May 6, 1905 (A. F. Winn).
Allotype: ?. Black Mountains, North Carolina, August 26, 1912
(Win. Beutenmuller).
Paratypes : 29 <$, 2 ? :

Canada: Montreal, Quebec 1 o"; Ottawa, Ontario 1 <S; St.
Therese Island, Quebec 1 3; Winnipeg. Manitoba 1 <S ',

36 Journal New York Entomological Society. CVo1- xxvii.

Aweme, Manitoba i c?; Kentville, Xova Scotia i 3; British
Columbia i $.
Wisconsin : Trout Lake i c?.
Michigan : Lake Superior i o*.
Maine : Paris I c?.

New Hampshire : Three Mile Island I d\
New York: Ithaca 6 c?, 2 ?; McLean Bogs, Thompkins Co.

2 6; Saranac Lake I c?; Lynds i c?.
Connecticut: Cornwall i d1; Colebrook i c?.
Washington, D. C. : i 6.
North Carolina: i c?; Black Mountains 3 c?.
Georgia: Clayton 1 c?.
This species is easily distinguished from the preceding by its
larger size, paler color, more strongly furrowed elytra and much
stronger clypeal notch. However, its separation from some of the
other related species is a matter of some difficulty unless the genital
armature is examined.

Serica elusa new species.

3. Length, 10 mm.; width, 5.5 mm. Color chestnut-brown; upper sur-
face bare, polished and shining ; the only trace of a pruinose luster observ-
able on the entire body being on the anterior coxae, inferior portion of
anterior femora, sixth sternite and margins of pygidium.

Clypeus but very slightly impressed, with elevated margins, the anterior
more strongly so, very slightly reflexed, and moderately sinuate at the middle ;
the lateral incisure acute, varying in depth from one-half to the entire
width of the elevated margin ; discal area very distinctly tumid at the middle
of the lower half; puncturation rather strong, finer and denser on the
tumidity, coarser and sparser above it, with the punctures rarely attaining
the clypeal suture ; the narrow, irregular, impunctate area thus formed rather
emphasizing the already well defined suture. Clypeus and sides of front with
a few stiff, erect, golden-brown hairs. Front a little less densely and regu-
larly punctured than the upper portion of the clypeus, the punctures con-
tiguous to separated by three times their own diameters. Occipital area
nearly impunctate. Antennal club rather long, about equalling the total length
of the antenna. Eyes moderate in size. Measurements of head as follows :
Diameter of head through eyes, 26.5 ; distance between inner eye margins,
16; length of head on median line, 18; extreme width of clypeus in front of
incisure, 12; antennal club, 10.5. Dorso-ventral diameter of eye, xo.

Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, moderately convex, sides but
little convergent through the posterior three-fifths of their length, then
broadly rounded to the anterior angles ; rather coarsely punctured, more

March, 1919.] Dawson: New Species of Serica. 37

sparsely so on the disk where the punctures are separated by one to three or
four times their own diameters, and more closely so toward the sides where
the average distance between the punctures about equals their own diam-
eters; an oblique, shallow impression before the basal angles. The pronotal
measurements are as follows : Width through the posterior angles, 43 ; width
through the anterior angles, 28 ; length on the median line, 22. Scutellum
coarsely punctured, the punctures crowded to the sides, leaving the median
line and apex impunctate ; length, 10; width, 10.

Elytra strongly furrowed, almost exactly as in 6". cucullata, with the
usual coarse, dense puncturation of the sulci, the punctures showing a tend-
ency to coalesce laterally and to be arranged in three to four confused rows
in each sulcus ; costae rounded, bearing only an occasional puncture. Length
of elytra, 74; greatest width, 55.

Posterior coxal plates coarsely and closely punctured ; remainder of ven-
tral surface with punctures finer and somewhat less densely placed. Fourth
sternite often more or less impressed at the middle, sometimes showing a
fine longitudinal line through the vaguely defined impression. Sternites with-
out the usual rows of semi-erect setae. Median impressed line of meta-
sternum with a closely approximated and posteriorly slightly divergent line
of small, confluent punctures on each side, laterad of these lines a row of
setigerous punctures.

Length of genital armature of male, 3 mm. (PI. VIII) ; armature with an
unusually heavy stalk in proportion to the diminutive claspers.

5- Antennal club measuring 8 instead of 10.5, as in the male; under line
of abdomen evenly convex ; and sixth sternite less emarginate at the middle
of its apical margin than in the male.

Type: 6*. Ithaca, New York, April 14, 1915.

Allotype: $. Ithaca, New York. May 5, 1915.

Paratypes : 5 d1.

New York, Ithaca 2 c?.
New Hampshire, Three Mile Island 3 c?.
Elusa differs from 5". cucullata by having- the clypeus some-
what more polished, and distinctly more sparsely punctured espe-
cially along the suture ; by the less depressed discal area with
the tumidity more limited behind and its crest more anterior in
position, and the clypeal incisure less pronounced and distinctly
more acute at the bottom. The pronotum of clusa is slightly
more convex, with the sides less parallel behind and less sud-
denly and strongly convergent in front. Altogether the resem-
blances of the two species are so remarkable, and the differences
so much more like individual variation than specific characters,
that one would ordinarily refuse to accept elusa as a valid species

38 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxyii.

were it not for the striking and indisputable evidence furnished
by the structure of the genital armatures of the males of the
two species.

Serica ochrosoma new species.

cf. Length, 7.5 mm. ; width, 3.75 mm. Color dull yellowish brown, much
resembling that of Cyclocephala immaculata; upper surface bare, polished and
shining ; beneath shining, except for a slight pruinose lustre on anterior coxae
and lower portion of anterior femora and a slight opacity of the abdominal
sternites ; especially the last one.

Clypeus neither depressed nor elevated, but exactly continuous with the
smooth, even convexity of the front ; anterior margin suddenly and rather
strongly reflexed ; reflexed tip, viewed from in front, strongly and evenly
arcuate ; lateral margins of clypeus elevated to about half the extent of the
anterior elevation ; lateral incisure deep, obtuse and conspicuous, entirely
dividing the elevated margin ; punctures moderately fine, except for a
few coarse ones just before the anterior reflexed margin, closely and evenly
placed, separated by about their own diameters, or a little less, and inter-
spersed with a microscopic, secondary puncturation ; clypeal suture very fine,
and inconspicuous, though easily traceable. Front with the same double
puncturation as the clypeus, but the coarser punctures separated by one to
three times their own diameters. Antennal club rather long, about equaling
the total length of the antenna. Eyes rather large. Measurements of head
as follows: Diameter of head through eyes, 20; distance between inner eye
margins, 12.3; length of head on median line, 15; extreme width of clypeus
in front of incisure, 9; antennal club, 8; dorso-ventral diameter of eye, 7.6.

Pronotum one and two-thirds times as wide as long, rather strongly con-
vex, sides but little convergent through the posterior two-thirds of their
length, then eloping more abruptly to the anterior angles, very uniformly and
rather closely punctate ; posterior angles of pronotum often showing traces of
an oblique impression, and in front of this, about three-fifths of the way to the
anterior margin of the pronotum, a slightly impressed spot showing a per-
sistent tendency to be clouded with dark brown. The pronotal measure-
ments are as follows: Width through the posterior angles, 30; width through
the anterior angles, 20; length on the median line, 19. Scutellum less shin-
ing than the pronotum and elytra, with the punctures crowded to the sides ;
length, 8; width, S.

Elytra rather strongly striated, the striae clearly defined or line-like,
and the interspaces of uniform width and quite evenly convex ; punctures
fine and discrete, rather evenly distributed and showing but little if any tend-
ency to be arranged in lines ; surface of elytra with a barely discernible
sericeous luster and microscopic secondary puncturation. Length of elytra,
55 ; greatest width, 38.

Metasternum and posterior coxal plates, especially the latter, shining,
coarsely and closely punctate and microscopically alutaceous. Second, third,

Jour ii. X. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. /'/. VI.

4

Serica campestris Dawson.

[ciirn. N. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVI T. PL VI r.

Serica cucullata Dawson.

Journ. X. V. Ent. S >c.

Vol. XXVII. PL VIII.

•-•'

Serica elusa Dawson.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol XXVII. PL IX

^

■■■■

^L

Seiica ochrosoma Dawson.

March, i9ig.] \vEISS AND Dickerson: Insects of Rose-Mallow. 39

fourth and fifth sternites each with a conspicuous row of closely set, stiff,
brown bristles, near the middle of the segment at the sides and approaching
the posterior margin medially where the bristles become shorter and less
regularly placed.

Length of male genital armature, 2 mm.; armature strongly asymmetrical
as shown one Plate IX.

5. Differs from the male by having a less strongly developed clypeal
notch, smaller eyes, a shorter antennal club (5.3 instead of S as in the male),
and a more convex under line of the abdomen.

Type: o*. Halsey, Nebraska, June I, 1912 (J. T. Zimmer).

Allotype: ?. Holt County, Nebraska.

Paratypes : 6 <$, 1 ?.

Nebraska, Halsey 4 c? ; Holt County 2 6".
Kansas, Mendora 1 ?.

OcJirosoma is one of the more easily recognizable species of
Serica because of its unusually pallid color, shining surface, deep
and obtuse clypeal incisure, strongly reflexed anterior margin of
clypeus, conspicuous abdominal bristles and distinctive structure
of the male genital armature.

INSECTS OF THE SWAMP ROSE-MALLOW,

HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS L., IN NEW

JERSEY.

By Harry B. Weiss and Edgar L. Dickerson,

New Brunswick, N. J.

In 1907 when the writers were observing the buprestid beetle Rhcc-
boscelis tenuis Lee, on the swamp rose-mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)
growing in a nursery, they noted other insects infesting this plant
and it appeared to them that observations on these insects might
prove interesting. Accordingly, a study of the insects associated
with this plant was undertaken. Some of the observations were
made in 1917, but the major portion during the season of 1918. The
results are given in this paper and it might be added that they were
carried on incidental to other work and were made on plants in some
of the nurseries as well as those growing on the marshes in their
natural environment.

40 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1< xxvii.

The plants and the insects associated with them were observed at
several places in New Jersey, but the principal observations were
made at Arlington and in a nursery at Rutherford. It must be un-
derstood that the dates given apply to the latitude of New Jersey and
would probably be somewhat different for the same species at points
further south.

The swamp rose-mallow is a perennial herb growing from three
to six feet or more in height and forming a number of erect, cane-
like stems at the summits of which are borne the conspicuous flowers
on stout pedicels. The flowers vary from four to seven inches across,
are white or pink, sometimes with a crimson center and form a con-
spicuous feature of the marsh inhabited by these plants when in
bloom from late July to early September. " Only one style of flower
occurs on any given plant, but the plants are usually mixed together
indiscriminately and show besides differently colored flowers, con-
siderable difference in the shape of the leaves, pods and calyx lobes.
Dr. N. L. Britton has described as distinct H. oculiroseus (cf. Jour.
'N. Y. Bot. Gar., IV, 220, 1903) from a plant of the crimson eye, cul-
tivated and introduced into the nursery trade by Mr. William Bassett
of Hammonton, N. J., from an original plant obtained at Absecon,
N. J. The wild plants now growing there, however, are normal H.
moschcutos and I regard Dr. Britton's species as a sport due to culti-
vation " (Witmer Stone, Plants of Southern New Jersey, N. J. State
Mus. Rept., 1911).

The conspicuous flower is followed by a fruit in the form of a
5-valved, green capsule almost an inch in diameter, ovoid and more
or less acuminate at apex. This contains a number of round or reni-
form brown seeds, which fall or are shaken out after the capsule
splits open in October. The swamp rose-mallow occurs along the
Atlantic Seaboard from Massachusetts to Florida chiefly in the
brackish marshes, but also to some extent in marshes bordering
fresh water ponds and streams. In New Jersey this species is found
in numerous places along the coast and Delaware River. It occurs
at several inland points as well, such as Lawrence Station (Mercer
County) and Railway (Union County), while the most northern
points recorded are near Closter (Bergen County) and Hopewell
(Hunterdon County). Frequently it is found growing among cat-
tails. An interesting feature of this plant is that while its natural

March, 1919.] WEISS AND DlCKERSOX : IxSECTS OF ROSE-MALLOW. U

habitat is the swamp or marsh it appears to thrive just as well in
the normal soil found in the nurseries where it has been noted to
vary considerably, in some instances producing flowers of a very
large size.

Rhaeboscelis tenuis Lee.

Rliccboscelis tenuis Lee, was described by Le Conte in 1863 in the
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Contributions, from specimens collected
by Mr. Ulke in Maryland and by Mr. Benj. D. Walsh in Illinois.
Since then it has been recorded in very few local lists and so far as
we are aware there has been very little or no indication of its habits
or food plant. In Ulke's Washington list it is recorded as being
taken on oak, but a more nearly accurate suggestion is made in
Smith's List of the Insects of New Jersey (1909), where Mr. Wenzel
records it from Anglesea in July on low plants in swampy glades.

Our attention was first attracted to this insect early in the summer
of 19 1 7 when it was observed in the Bobbink and Atkins nursery at
Rutherford feeding on the leaves of the swamp rose-mallow. It was
apparent that this was the food plant of the adult and perhaps that
of the larva as well and further investigations later in the season
proved this surmise to be correct.

The adults make their appearance about the middle of May and
continue in evidence until the latter part of July. By early August
they have disappeared. The eggs of this species have not been
observed, but it is evident from a study of the larval burrows that the
eggs are deposited in the upper part of the stems or even in the leaf
petioles, probably inserted into the bark tissue. From each egg there
develops an agrilid-like larva save perhaps that it is somewhat more
elongate as will be noted in the description which follows. This
larva burrows down the stem into the pith or between the pith and
wood, making a characteristic winding or zig-zag gallery. In some
cases it appeared that the larvae retraced and burrowed up the stem
again as pupal chambers in some cases were found pretty well up the
stem, too high for the larva to have reached the point by simply bur-
rowing downward and not enough distance having been covered for
the larva to have reached its full development.

There is no external evidence on the stem to show the presence
of the larva within, but where burrowing occurs in the leaf petiole

42 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvn.

as was the case with some found early in the summer of 1917, the
petioles either become shrivelled or decidedly swollen and cracked.
In these cases the eggs had evidently been deposited at the base of
the leaf blade. In 1917, on August 1, larvae were found in leaf
petioles, so that apparently only a few days previous to this had they
hatched from the eggs and it seems probable that larval development
begins in July. From this date on they may be found at various
times during the season. By the approach of cold weather in the
fall larval development is completed and the lava assumes a charac-
teristic position in a pupal chamber. These larval cells or pupal
chambers may be located either in the pith or woody portion of the
stem, but not at the surface and usually at an angle. They have
been found at the base of the stem, even slightly below the ground
surface, but never at the tips.

In these burrows the larva hibernates with the body doubled over
on itself, the folding taking place between the third and fourth ab-
dominal segments, sometimes with the head pointing upward and
sometimes in the reverse position. This condition continues until
the following April or even early May, as pupse were found in stems
this year (1918) when examined on May 25.

The pupal stage apparently is of about two weeks' duration. In-
fested stems examined on April 22 were found to contain larvae, and
from these adults emerged May 8. In emerging it is evident that
the beetles eat their way out from the pupal chamber. The adults
frequent the upper surface of the leaves of the food plant and in the
nursery at Rutherford, where most of the observations were made,
many were noted in that location at various times during the season,
both in copulation and feeding. They feed on the younger leaves,
making holes from one sixteenth to one eighth of an inch in diame-
ter. These holes apparently become intensified as the leaves enlarge,
and on a badly infested plant many leaves may be injured in this way.
The attitude of the beetles varies with weather conditions. When
the sky is overcast they may be readily picked from the leaves, but
on a bright day when capture is attempted, they release their hold
and drop, usually catching on one of the lower leaves or spreading
their wings in attempted flight.

The descriptions of the various stages are as follows :

Egg. — Not observed.

March, 1919.] Weiss axd Dickersox : Ixsects of Rose-Mallow. 43

Larva. — Length 12 to 13 mm. Width of thorax 1.1 mm. Long,
narrow, cylindrical, white or slightly yellowish except head; com-
posed of 13 segments. Head triangular, obtusely rounded ante-
riorly somewhat retracted into first segment; ventral surface dark
brown, dorsal surface lighter, becoming more so posteriorly. Tho-
racic segments subequal, sides strongly arcuate; anterior margin of
first thoracic segment protruding so as to cover most of head. Fine,
dark, impressed, median line on dorsal and ventral surfaces of first
thoracic segments beginning at posterior margin and extending ante-
riorly beyond the middle of the segment. Abdomen subcylindrical,
slightly flattened dorso-ventrally, sides of segments subparallel,
slightly arcuate, impressed at joints. First abdominal segment sub-
quadrate, remaining ones slightly increasing in length toward poste-
rior end. Ultimate segment triangular, distal end obtusely rounded
and slightly dark at margins. Stigmata on second thoracic and ab-
dominal segments one to eight.

Pupa. — Length 6.5 mm. (Pupal cell, length 7-8 mm., width 1-1.6
mm.) Long, cylindrical, broadest at thorax. Head narrower than
thorax and slightly bent ventrally. Antennae extending posteriorly
to middle of first thoracic segment. Sides of thorax and anterior
portion of abdomen subparallel. Posterior half of abdomen grad-
ually tapering to tip. Posterior abdominal joints slightly ridged.
Wing pads extending to middle of abdomen.

Adult. — Rhccboscelis tenuis. The following is the original de-
scription by Le Conte (New Species of N. Amer. Col., 1863, part
I, p. 82, Smithsonian Misc. Contrib.) : " Valde elongata, nigro-aenea,
griseo-tincta, capite convexo, haud dense punctata, profunde canali-
culate, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, antice sublatiore et lateribus
ibi rotundatis, haud dense rugose punctato versus latera oblique ex-
cavata, angulis posticis rectis planis, elytris rugose punctata, apice
singulatim rotundatis haud serrulatis ; unguiculis appendiculatis.
Long 20." Le Conte states that it closely resembles Agrilus c genus
or any other of our smaller species, but is known at once by the an-
tennae being scarcely longer than the head and received in well de-
fined but short grooves excavated in the inflexed portions of the
prothorax just beneath the lateral margin.

As has been stated, the rose mallow is confined largely to the
Atlantic seaboard and it is evident therefore that if this is the only

44 Journal New York Entomological Society. lYoi. xxvu.

food plant of this species, it would follow the same distribution. In
regard to this matter, Mr. Leng on inquiry has written as follows:
" Rhccboscclis tenuis is recorded from New Jersey, District of Co-
lumbia and Florida. A closely allied species has been described by
Schaeffer (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XII, p. 211) from Texas. It is
not mentioned in Blanchard's New England List nor in Hamilton's
Pennsylvania List nor in the Michigan List nor is it mentioned by
Blatchley, so that its distribution so far as I know seems to be re-
stricted to the more southerly Atlantic States and possibly the Gulf
States. In Ulke's list it is said to have been taken on oak, but the
reference given in Smith's List shows that it occurs from May to
September on low plants in swampy places."

The latter date is a record from Lakehurst and seems rather diffi-
cult to account for, as it hardly seems possible that the life history
would be so very different at Lakehurst from what it is at Ruther-
ford where the adults apparently disappeared by mid-summer. The
local records of distribution are as follows: Rutherford (nursery);
Arlington (meadows) ; Springfield (nursery) ; Palmyra (river
marsh) ; Lawrence Station (pond shore) ; Westville (river marsh) ;
Gibbstown; Greenwood Lake, v, 17 (Joutell); Lakehurst, v, vi, ix
(Joutell) ; Gloucester, vii, I (Boerner) ; Five Mile Beach, April 4
(Wenzel) ; Burlington Co., June 4 (G. M. Greene) ; New Jersey.
Dyker Meadows, L. I., vii, 6 (Shoemaker) ; Belleport, L. I., vi, 27
(Nicolay) ; New York. Angora, June 15 (G. M. Greene) ; Penn-
sylvania. Chesapeake Beach, vi (Shoemaker) ; Maryland.

In the nurseries where the last season's dry stalks are allowed to
remain on the plants, the beetles emerging from these infest the pres-
ent season's growth. Moreover, it is apparent that if these old
stalks are cut and burned, the infestation will be largely eliminated.
If this is done the stalks should be cut at the surface of the ground.
The importance of this was shown in a nursery where the stalks
had been removed in the early spring, but several inches at the base
had been left standing, and in these mature larvae and pupae were
found. It is also evident that the injury to the leaves by the adults
could be controlled by spraying with arsenate of lead.

Conotrachelus fissunguis Lee.

The description of this species by LeConte appeared in 1876 in
the Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, XV. Blatchley and Leng in their " Rhyn-

\~>

chophora or Weevils of N. E. America" state that it ranges from
New Jersey and the District of Columbia to Louisiana, breeding in

>mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos
occurring in Xew Jersey from July to October. Smith in his " In-
of Xew Jersey" (N. J. State Mus. Rept., [90 that it is

found along the river front near Camden and everywhere along
shore in mallow swamps.

The beetles appear in July and by the last week in August,
of the eggs have been laid and only a few adult he found.

At Westville, X. J., on August 23, only several adults were taken in
the flowers while feeding on the f the petals and these were

evidently stragglers. At this date egg-laying was practically
as a dissection of the seed capsules showed a few unhatched
many small-sized larvae and a few full-grown ones.

The tgg punctures consist of irregular circular openings through
the seed capsule wall, each being about 1 mm. in diameter. They are
readily identified by the blackish color around the edges of the open-
ings. The whitish eggs are found resting against the inside wall of
the seed capsule, near the puncture or between the developing seeds
near the puncture. Some seed capsules contained as many as
eighteen punctures, while others had as few as two or three.

Upon hatching the young larva goes in a developing seed to feed
and hollows it out, leaving only the outer shell, which soon decays
and turns black. This operation continues until the larva is too large
to enter a seed and then the seeds are consumed from the outside.
When full grown the larva leaves the seed capsule either by cutting
a circular hole in it or by simply crawling out if the capsule has split
open as it naturally does.

It then drops to the ground and works its way beneath the surface
to a depth of one half to one inch, where it constructs a little cell in
which to pupate. In the laboratory larvae under our observation
entered the soil on August 27 and became pupae on September 2.
September 17 the pupae turned brownish and on the 18th they had
transformed to beetles, showing that sixteen days were required for
pupation. After the pupal skin is shed the adults are whitish and
without distinct marks. They remain in the cell several days until
the colors are fully developed. On September 22 an eral

days later they emerged from the soil.

46 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

The adults collected in the field during the latter part of Septem-
ber and October are probably members of a new brood which later
go into hibernation. In the field we found infested seed capsules
only on those plants growing along the edges of the marsh. None
was observed on plants growing on the marsh. The reason for this
is evident when one considers that pupation would not take place
successfully in almost constantly wet ground.

Egg. — Length i mm. Width 0.38 mm. Oval, color white with
very slight tinge, chorion smooth.

Full Grown Larva. — Length 8.5 mm. Width of head 1. 1 mm.
Normal curculio-form type, resting in characteristic curved position.
Color yellowish white ; skin smooth, transversely wrinkled ; apodous ;
largest at central portion and tapering slightly toward head and
somewhat more so toward oval end where it is obtusely rounded.
Head yellowish white in young and partly grown larva and reddish
brown in mature larva with mandibles and adjacent sutures darker.
Dorsal surface of first thoracic segment reddish brown divided by a
median light line. Each segment bears a transverse row of eight
fine hairs consisting of four subventral and four subdorsal ones.
Double row of hairs on first thoracic segment and several hairs on
head. Spiracles on all segments except second and third thoracic
and last abdominal.

Pupa. — Length 5.5 mm. Width 4.4 mm. Similar in color to
larva. Dorsal surface well supplied with spines, fewer on ventral
surface.

Adult. — Conotrachclus fissunguis Lee. (from Blatchley & Leng).
" Broadly oval, robust, convex. Dark brown ; elytra in great part
densely clothed with short yellow pubescence, darker near apex, a
short denuded blackish band crossing the suture about the middle ;
femora annulated with yellow pubescence; antennae, tibiae and tarsi
paler. Thorax as long as wide, sides slightly rounded, feebly con-
stricted near apex; disc very coarsely and deeply punctured and with
longitudinal ridges near the tip, the middle one more distant. Elytra
at base one half wider than thorax, sides parallel, then obliquely
narrowed to apex; disc with rows of large distant punctures; inter-
vals wide, flat. Abdomen coarsely punctured. Length 5-5.5 mm."

In addition to the distribution mentioned above, specimens in col-
lection at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station show that

March, 1919.] WEISS AND DlCKERSON : INSECTS OF ROSE-MALLOW. 47

the species occurs at Mt. Airy, Pa., and in New Jersey at Woodbury
VII and VIII; Anglesea VIII, IX and South Camden. Up to the
present, we have found this insect only on plants in the South Jersey
marshes and not in the nurseries. Consequently no control methods
need be considered. Once in a nursery, however, considerable dam-
age could be done by this species if the plants were being grown for
seed purposes as each capsule contains approximately ioo seeds and
three or four larvae will destroy nearly all of them.

It was noted that the adults of Conotrach'clus fissunguis made a
slight wheezing sound. This was quite audible when five or six were
placed together. It was also observed that the noise accompanied
vertical movements of the tip of the abdomen. An examination of
the beetle showed that the dorsal surface of the end of the abdomen
was covered with a chitinous plate which was supplied with numer-
ous closed- fan-shaped spines. An examination of the ventral surface
of the wing covers showed a somewhat horizontal series of short
ridges near and somewhat parallel to outer posterior edges. Inas-
much as our supply of living specimens was limited and as they died
before we could complete our observations we are not entirely con-
vinced that these structures are responsible for the sounds produced.

Apion hibisci Fall.

Numerous galls of this species were first noted at Arlington, N. J.,
on plants growing at the edge of a drained marsh and later at Ruth-
erford on nursery plants. Specimens of the beetles were recently
sent to Prof. H. C. Fall who stated that it was a new species and
kindly described it as Apion hibisci, so that it could be properly re-
ferred to in this paper.

The adults appear during the last week of August and the first
two weeks of September. They evidently go into hibernation quar-
ters soon after emergence because none could be found in the vicinity
of the empty galls. They reappear during the following spring and
deposit eggs in the bases of the leaf petioles. By the first week in
July the galls are quite prominent and during the first two weeks in
August pupation takes place, the adults appearing as previously
stated.

Normally, the gall consists of a somewhat globular swelling of
the base of the leaf petiole, but the galls are not at all uniform. In

48 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

many cases the swollen parts include in addition to the gall proper, a
portion of the surface of the stem below the petiole base and the entire
petiole and even the bases of the main leaf veins. The infested parts
of the plant are therefore quite irregular in outline. It was noted
that the galls did not occur below one and a half or two feet from
the ground, showing that the plant had made some growth before
oviposition had taken place. In some cases nothing was noted in
the galls, although this could not be due to the fact that oviposition
had been too recent. In most cases each gall inhabited contained
one larva, but two were not infrequent. In rare cases three were
found. Where two larvae occurred, it appeared from the injury that
oviposition had taken place on both sides of the petiole. In other
cases, where only a single larva was found, it seemed as if develop-
ment had not taken place in the unoccupied side of the gall.

It was observed that the first adults emerged from galls nearest
the ground, that further up the steam, including the middle portion,
the galls contained pupae, and as the tip was approached, larva were
found. From this it would appear that the first eggs were deposited
in the lower leaf petioles. It might also be noted that there were
sometimes two groupings of galls, several near together, then no galls
for a short distance, then more further up the stem.

The globular portion of the gall, which is at the base of the
petiole, contains the larvae and it appears that they bore in the thick-
ened bark tissue. In a few instances they continue down the stem
of the plant or out into the leaf petiole, but such injuries are infre-
quent. The number of galls on a single plant varied from one to
fifteen, the average being about eight or ten. The number of blank
galls on a stem varied from three to twelve.

Egg. — 0.35 mm- m diameter, globular, translucent.

Full Grown Larva. — Length 3 to 3.7 mm. Width of head 0.4 mm.
Characteristic curculio-form resting in normal curved position,
slightly flattened laterally, skin transversely wrinkled. Apodous.
Color yellowish white. Entire surface pilose. Body broadest through
middle abdominal segments tapering rather abruptly at anal end.
Anal extremity obtusely pointed. Thoracic portion tapering slightly
toward anterior end. Outer ventral portions of thoracic segments
distinctly rounded. Head smaller than thoracic segments and slightly
darker than bodv. Decided constriction between head and thorax.

March, 1919] WEISS AND DlCKERSON : INSECTS OF RoSE-M.\LT.OW. 49

Pupa. — Length 2.6 to 3 mm. Color light yellowish white. Shape
broadly elliptical, tapering to oval end which is obtusely pointed and
which bears a pair of spines each terminated by a pair of minute,
recurved hooks. Head reflexed, snout extending to middle portion
of body and bearing at middle a pair of minute hairs (one on either
side). On front margin of prothorax are a pair of minute tubercu-
late spines, on either side of the middle of the pronotum, a tuberculate
spine posterior to each of the above pairs and a pair of minute tuber-
culate spines on either side of the middle along the posterior margin.
A single, dorsal, tuberculate spine on mesonotum. Dorsal abdominal
surface more or less tuberculate, bearing minute short spines. A
single, tuberculate spine occurs near distal end of femur of middle
and hind leg.

Adult. — Apion hibisci. The description by Fall appeared in a re-
cent number of this Journal (Vol. XXVI, p. 219) in his paper
on "' New North American Species of Apion," and need not be re-
peated here. According to Prof. Fall, hibisci belongs to Section IV
of his Synopsis (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1898), and would by the table
fall near attcnuatum, after which it may best be placed; differing by
its stouter form, broader thorax, more parallel elytra, more basally
inserted antennae, and paler tibise and tarsi. The sexual differences
are very feeble, consisting only in the slightly longer beak in the
female.

The presence of numerous galls on a plant resulting in the petioles
being swollen and the stem deformed and misshapen disfigures it
greatly and interferes with a normal growth although no dead plants
were observed as a result of such infestation. Infested plants had
normal foliage and appeared to flower as well as those which were
not infested. Should this insect prove injurious in a nursery or
garden, cutting and burning infested stems before the beetles emerge
is suggested as a method of control.

Bruchus hibisci Oliv.

This species was described by Olivier in 1795 (Ent., IV). Ac-
cording to Blatchley (Coleoptera of Indiana) it is common in the
southern two thirds of Indiana occurring from April 13 to Novem-
ber 1, breeding in the seeds of rose-mallow and during the spring and
summer frequenting the flowers of red-bud. dogwood, red haw, etc.

50 Journal New York Entomological Society. £Vo1- xxvii.

All of the records in Smith's List are from the southern part of New
Jersey and the dates of captures indicate that it can be found from
May to September. Mr. W. T. Davis writes that he has specimens
from Staten Island dated September 3 and Mr. Frost a specimen from
Lexington, Texas, dated July.

F.rom the middle of August until the middle of September we
found beetles inhabiting the flowers of hibiscus in nurseries and
marshes in South Jersey, feeding on the pollen. Very often they
were found between the calyx and corolla and when disturbed many
of them would enter this place for the purpose of concealment.

Eggs were noted during the last of August and the first week or
two in September. These are laid on their sides on the outside of
the green seed capsule, usually in irregularities or depressions on the
surface. Some were found in the depressions running from the base
to the apex of the seed capsule, which marked off the capsule cham-
bers, while others rested close to the base of the seed capsule near
the calyx.

After hatching, the young larvae appear to enter the seed capsule
at its base close to the calyx. Some bore through the calyx near the
base of the capsule for a short distance before entering the capsule.
Several larvae were found in such situations on August 28, while
others were noted inside the capsule near the base. Once inside they
enter the developing seed and complete their larval existence. Pupa-
tion also takes place in the seeds, which appear to ripen the same as
uninfested ones, no evidences of infestation being visible externally.

The beetles begin to emerge during the latter part of September
and continue throughout October in the southern part of the State.
By the time the beetles have developed the capsules have opened,
exposing the seeds, so that the insects do not have to bore through
the capsule to escape. At one nursery in South Jersey we were in-
formed that beetles usually emerged in November from seeds gath-
ered during the last of October and kept in a warm storage room.
Mr. W. T. Davis has obtained beetles from seeds collected during
November, and Blatchley states that they emerged from October 15
to November 1 from seeds kept in vials. After emergence, they
undoubtedly go into hibernation.

Egg. — Length 0.51 mm. Width 0.14 mm. Opaque, elliptical,
broadly rounded at both ends, somewhat flattened on side, which rests

March, 1919] Weiss and Dickerson : Insects of Rose-Mallow. 51

against seed capsule. A female collected August 28 and dissected
showed ten developed and twenty developing eggs. The recently
hatched larva is about 0.35 mm. long and the width of the head is
0.09 mm. While we had thousands of hibiscus seeds at our disposal,
the infestation was so light that we were unsuccessful in locating
either full-grown larvae or pupae. Hundreds were broken up in the
attempt, but nothing resulted. No external marks of infestation
were visible and infested seeds did not respond to the tests usually
recommended as a means of discovering infestation.

Adult. — Brnchus hibisci Oliv. The following redescription is by
Blatchley : "Broadly oval, robust. Black, moderately shining; sparsely
pubescent with grayish-yellow hairs which on the elytra are fre-
quently and irregularly interrupted by transverse bare spaces ; an-
tennae pale reddish brown, joints 4-9 often slightly darker; front and
middle legs rufous ; hind femora black, red at tip. Thorax twice
broader at base than long, rapidly narrowing to apex; surface
sparsely punctured. Scutellum whitish, bifid at tip, median line dis-
tinct. Elytra together as broad as long, disc convex, finely striate,
the striae punctured ; intervals flat, marked with fine and coarse punc-
tures intermingled. Pygidium black, broadly oval, sparsely punc-
tured. Length 2-2.5 mm."

Records.— Woodbury (Li) ; Westville, V-VIII (div.), VI-16 (G.
M. Greene); Clementon VI; Big Timber Creek, VIII (G. M. G.) ;
Anglesea, V, 28-IX, 20 (div.) ; Riverton, VIII, 12 (Weiss and Dick-
erson) ; Palmyra, VIII-12 (Weiss and Dickerson), Sept. 5 (Weiss
and Dickerson) ; Eatontown, VIII-28 (Weiss and Dickerson) ;
Lawrence Station, VIII, 19 (Weiss and Dickerson) ; Eatontown,
VIII, 28 (Weiss and Dickerson) ; Atlantic Highlands, VIII, 15
(Weiss and Dickerson) ; Westville, VIII, 21 (Weiss and Dicker-
son) ; New Jersey. Staten Island, September 3 (Davis); New York.
Mr. Leng writes that it is known also from the District of Columbia
and Michigan. Blatchley's Indiana and Frost's Texas records have
already been noted.

The entire interior of the seeds is destroyed by the larvae and
nothing but the hard outer shell remains. The beetles emerge through
almost circular openings varying from 1.25 to 1.5 mm. in diameter.
Up to the present, this insect has not been numerous enough on com-
mercial establishments to make control measures necessary. At one

52 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

place it was customary to place camphor balls in with the seed after
it has been collected and stored, it being believed that this prevented
further infestation. We have no evidence, however, for assuming
that the beetles reinfest stored seed. If they do, keeping the seeds
in a cool temperature would prevent development.
Chsetocnema quadricollis Schwarz.

This species was first noted by us during the summer of 1916 at
Arlington, N. J., where it was very abundant on the foliage of hibis-
cus in a nursery. Numerous specimens were recently submitted to
Mr. C. W. Leng, who after an examination of them, very kindly
supplied us with the following note :

"This species is described by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,
XVI, 1889, p. 267) as having the head impunctate, piceous black with
faint aeneous luster, antennae entirely rufotestaceous. In the series
collected at Rutherford, N. J., on rose-mallow by Weiss and Dicker-
son, the head like the pronotum has feebly impressed punctures, as
well as the microscopic punctulation that causes the surface called
alutaceous by Horn, but they are more distant and hardly apparent
except at sides. Florida specimens collected by Mr. Schwarz also
show a very few such punctures ; and the Horn description requires
modification. The color in the New Jersey specimens varies, many
having not a faint but a very decided aenous luster; the last joint of
the antennae is often fuscous and the hind femora instead of being
sometimes slightly darker are usually decidedly piceous externally.

"In the original description by Schwarz (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc,
xvii, 1878, p. 368) the color is given as aeneous above head and thorax
brassy, antennae and legs bright testaceous red, hind femora more or
less infuscate. The head is described as having a few scattered
punctures. Dr. Horn's description, therefore, departs from the orig-
inal as well as from the facts. The New Jersey specimens seem on
the whole slightly different to the Florida ones, but not sufficiently
so as to require a name."

Since 1916 we have found this flea beetle to be present at the fol-
lowing localities in New Jersey: Hammonton, July 8; Rutherford,
June, July 13, Sept. 15; Eatontown, Aug. 28; Ridgefield, July 22;
South Orange, Aug. 3; Westville, Aug. 23; South Amboy, Aug. 17,
and Little Silver, August, occurring on plants growing on the marsh

March, 1919.] Weiss and Dickersox: Insects of Rose-Mallow. 53

as well as in the nurseries. Mr. H. S. Barber writes that he has
found this species on hibiscus in the marshes of Chesapeake Bay and
near Washington, D. C.

The beetles infest both leaf surfaces, preferably the upper, their
feeding being quite characteristic and often resulting in a complete
killing of the foliage. As a rule they feed in colonies of from five or
less to fifteen or more individuals and are present during June, July,
August and September, being most numerous during June and July.

Adults were observed in copulation on July 13 and August 28.
The egg from a dissected female is elliptical, white and rounded at
both ends. Xo measures of control have been worked out, but if
necessary the use of Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead is sug-
gested as a repellent.

Gelechia hibiscella Busck.

This species, which was kindly identified by Mr. Carl Heinrich
through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard, was under our observa-
tion for the past two years. It was described by Busck in 1903
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, p. 869) from specimens collected and
reared from larvae on hibiscus in the District of Columbia. In
Smith's List (N. J. State Mus. Rept., 1909) it is recorded as rare
from Anglesea. As a matter of fact, we have found it fairly plenti-
ful in several widely separated places in Xew Jersey.

According to Busck, whose observations were made in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, the larva feeds on the leaves or in the seed cap-
sules, generally in large numbers together. When ready to pupate
they partially bite off one or more leaves which thus dry up and
crumple and afford convenient shelter; or others find room in the
dried fruit or between it and the large surrounding calyx. The spe-
cies overwinters as larvae and two generations are found, the adults
issuing from hibernating larvae in May and from the summer brood
in August.

In New Jersey from observations conducted on plants in a nur-
sery at Rutherford and on a marsh at Arlington, it is evident that
there are two broods. Adults appear from overwintering larvae
during the first two weeks of June and deposit eggs on either the
under or upper leaf surface, usually near the tip or margin. These
hatch in about one week and the larvae feed on the leaves and some-

54 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

times on the tender tissue of the stem. During the last few days of
July and the first three weeks of August, adults appear and eggs are
again deposited. Most of these hatch by the last of August and by
the middle and last of October the larvae are full grown and have
sought hibernation quarters. In addition to feeding on the foliage
the larvae also roll the leaves from the edge toward midrib. Usually
one side only was rolled, but sometimes both. In a very few cases
the leaves were rolled from the tip downward toward the middle.

As a rule the method of procedure was as follows: The larva
resting on the blade of the leaf would crawl out on the petiole for
about one quarter of an inch from the base and bite through the
petiole until the leaf hung only by a few strands of tissue. This
caused the leaf to wilt gradually, making it more flexible and easier
to roll. The larva then would roll the leaf from the outside, fasten-
ing it with several strands of silk. Inside these rolled leaves, which
later became very dry and brittle, were found larvae in all stages and
pupae. The curled leaves finally drop to the ground and on several
occasions pupae were found in them.

Pupation evidently takes place in the curled leaves either on the
plant or on the soil. According to Busck, the cut leaf dries up and
crumples, but in New Jersey, however, we found that they were
rolled and fastened by the larvae. The larvae are very active when
disturbed in their shelters and elsewhere and wriggle violently in
their efforts to escape. The second brood of larvae confine their
feeding mostly to the young leaves, the stem tissue near the tip, and
the base and surroundings of the seed capsule. On October 24 at
Rutherford, partly developed and full-grown larvae were observed
in the dried seed capsules. Some had eaten their way into the base
of the capsule inside the calyx. Some were found in the bottom of
the capsule in one of the four divisions, together with partly eaten
seeds. Others were found under the somewhat dried stem tissue at
the tip of a shoot. In every case, the material around the larva was
somewhat webbed up and it is evident that the places where they
were found had been selected as hibernation quarters.

Egg. — Length 0.6 mm. Width 0.22 mm. Oblong, sides parallel,
ends broadly roudned. Translucent, yellowish contents visible through
chorion. Chorion apparently smooth.

In our cages 19 eggs were placed as follows : 4 on the upper leaf

March, 1919.] Weiss axd Dickerson : Insects of Rose-Mallow. 55

surface near tip, 4 on the under surface near the side margin, 8 on
the upper surface near tip, 1 on under surface near tip and 2 on the
under surface near the base.

Recently Hatched Larva. — Length 2.2 mm. Width of head 0.15
mm. Uniformly white, tinged with yellow save legs, which are red-
dish and head which is uniformly black with mouth parts lighter.
Head bears several fine long hairs. Thoracic shield brown. Each
body segment bears eight fine hairs, four on dorsal surface and two
on either side, two of the dorsal hairs and four of the lateral forming
a transverse row. Hooks of prolegs elongate. Longitudinal lines
of developing larva absent.

Full Grown Larva. — The following description is by Busck : " The
larva is rather large when full grown in proportion to the imago,
being 22-23 mm- ^onS and with greatest width 2.2 mm. It is cylin-
drical, only slightly tapering fore and back. Head rounded, shorter
than wide, black, with reddish brown vertex; width 1.3 mm. First
thoracic segment somewhat narrower than the following joint, red-
dish, thoracic shield black, width 1.6 mm.; length 0.7 mm.; straight
in front and nearly straight posteriorly. Second thoracic segment
dark reddish, with anterior part white above. Third thoracic seg-
ment and the rest of the body white; on the posterior half of this
joint begin six wavy, narrow interrupted longitudinal dark reddish
dorsal lines, which run through on all the rest of the segments.
These lines are darker in the young larvae, which otherwise are like
the full grown larvae. Tubercles shining deep black, bearing short
black hairs; they are arranged conspicuously on the white part be-
tween the dark lines. Ventral part of abdominal segments white.
Thoracic feet black; abdominal prolegs normal, white, with a com-
plete circlet of brownish hooks."

Pupa. — Length 6-7 mm. Greatest width 2 mm.

Adult. — Gelechia hibiscella. Busck's description is as follows:
"Antennae dark brown, not annulated, slightly serrate toward the
tip. Labial palpi with well-developed spreading brush, yellowish
white; second joint with a few black scales on the outside; terminal
joint with tip and one annulation near base black.

" Face, head and thorax shining ocherous white ; shoulders pur-
plish black. Costal half of forewings dark brown, in some specimens
nearly black; dorsal half including apex light ocherous brown, in

56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvn.

some specimens whitish. The limit between these two parts of the
wing is not very definite and somewhat variable.

" In the dark costal part are found lighter, yellowish brown, ir-
regular patches, one large indistinct at the middle of the costa, one
small, rather more distinct costal spot at the beginning of the cilia
and in some specimens others not well defined. In the dorsal light
part of the wing are ill-defined darker shadings and the veins are
indicated darker so as to produce a striate effect. On the fold at
the basal one third is a small, nearly black spot which seems to be
constant. Likewise is a row of black dots around the apical edge
constant in all my specimens. The other markings are more or less
varying.

" Hindwings a little broader than forewings, light bluish fuscous ;
cilia yellowish. Abdomen yellow. Legs dark purple, with yellowish
white bars on the outside and with tarsal white annulations. Alar
expanse 16 to 17 mm." Busck states that hibiscella is quite near
ochreostrigella Chambers, but not so conspicuously streaked and with
light, dark annulated third joint of labial palpi instead of the uni-
formly dark, nearly black terminal joint in ochreostrigella.

In Dyar's Catalogue (Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., 1902) the distribution
of the species is given as District of Columbia. In New Jersey we
have found larvae on hibiscus at the following places : Hammonton.
July 8; Gibbstown, July 2; Rutherford; Lawrence Sta., Aug. 19;
Arlington, Sept. 10; in Smith's List it is recorded only from Angle-
sea, May 30, rare (Kf.).

So far as is known no measures of control have been worked out
for this species. If it should prove troublesome in the nursery,
spraying with arsenate of lead should be effective against the young
larvae before they enter the rolled leaves or feed in other concealed
places. Hibernating larvae could be destroyed by burning all dried
stems, fallen leaves, etc., during the winter. At one nursery it was
noted that raking up and burning the fallen leaves during the fall
reduced the infestation the following spring.

Several specimens of Idechthis gclechice Ash. (identified by R. A.
Cushman through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard) were bred from
pupae during the latter part of July.

March, 1919] WEISS AND DlCKERSON : IxSECTS OF ROSE-MALLOW. 57

Tarache (Acontia) delecta Wlk.

Acontia delecta was described by Walker in 1857 (Cat. Br. Mus.,
pt. xii, p. 799). In 1865 Grote described the same thing under the
name metallica (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv, 327) from New Jersey
specimens. Packard in 1870 figured the larva and pupa under this
name (after Abbot) (Amer. Nat., iv, p. 229). Mr. Archibald C.
Weeks in 1888 under the title " Biography of Acontia delecta Walker
(Ent. Amer., vol. 4, p. 46) gave an account of the life history of the
insect, stating that he had collected "nearly full grown larvae during
the first week of September, 1884, feeding upon Hibiscus moscheu-
tos." Beutenmiiller in 1892 (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 68)
also gives a brief description of the larva. The species has been
noted in several lists and catalogues (Smith, Dyar, etc.), sometimes
with and sometimes without reference to distribution or locality.

The strikingly colored, geometriform larvae of this species first
attracted our attention during the summer of 1917 feeding on the
leaves of the rose-mallow in a nursery at Rutherford, N. J. No
notes were made on its development, however, until the present year,
1918, when it was observed at various intervals during the season.

The insect is two-brooded and hibernates in the pupal stage.
From these overwintering pupae adults emerge in late May or early
June, and as oviposition is undoubtedly of several days' duration,
larval development is somewhat irregular. Larvae, mostly of small
size, were observed in the nursery at Rutherford on June 1 and from
then until early in July, caterpillars of this brood were to be found.
Second brood moths were first observed on July 8 at Arlington, N. J.,
and at that point and other places, throughout the rest of the month
and in early August. Larvae developing from eggs deposited by this
brood of moths were first observed at Rutherford about the middle
of July. Development, however, is irregular and oviposition con-
tinues for some time as larvae could be found until early September,
while some noted on August 27 were not more than half grown.
These larvae pupate in the fall and it is in this stage that the winter
is passed.

The adult is a conspicuous moth, reminding one somewhat of a
small Euthisonotia unio or grata.

Smith (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 60) says: "This very
handsome species is so much different from all its allies that recogni-

58 Journal New York Entomological Society. CVo1- xxvii.

tion should be easy. When present in the field, the moths may be
found resting on the hibiscus plants or on the grass near the plants.
The first moths taken by us were obtained by sweeping the tall grass
bordering the meadows near the patch of hibiscus at Arlington.
They are not disturbed readily nor is the flight particularly rapid
nor for any great distance, so that the insects may be readily cap-
tured. That they are not more abundant in collections must be due
to the character and location of the food plant."

The eggs, as will be noted in the description, are somewhat globu-
lar. They are laid singly on the under surface of the leaves and do
not appear to be strongly attached. Eggs laid in confinement be-
tween July 23 and July 25 hatched July 29, giving an egg period of
five or six days, but the period evidently varies and in some cases is
perhaps longer.

The larva is a striking one, being geometriform and characteris-
tically marked, as noted in the description which follows. In the
field larvae may be seen usually on the upper and sometimes on the
under surface of the leaves near the margins. Very commonly they
will be found resting on the uppermost leaves often near the terminal
bud. In feeding they make holes in the leaves somewhat like the
beetle Rhcvboscelis tenuis, but larger; also, they are sometimes re-
sponsible for devouring parts of the bracts around the buds and evi-
dently parts of the buds. The conspicuous larva rests or feeds in this
exposed situation even in the bright sunshine and it would appear
that it would fall easy prey to any birds although it has been sug-
gested that it may be protected because it perhaps resembles a fallen
and twisted petal. This was not apparent to the writers, however,
who found also that the larvae were parasitized heavily in one of the
patches of rose-mallow at Rutherford. Messrs. Engelhardt and Doll
informed us that larvae under their observation, at one locality, acted
as if they were nocturnal feeders.

The larval period is approximately a month's duration and when
the larva matures it crawls to the ground and forms a parchment-
like cocoon on the surface. The pupal period of the first brood re-
quires only a 'few days, while that of the second brood lasts from fall
until the following June.

As previously suggested the larvae infesting the hibiscus in one of
the patches at Rutherford were found to be heavily parasitized. On

I Weiss and Dickersox : Insects of Rose-Mallow. 58

June 15 several larvae partly developed were collected in this patch
and placed in jars for the purpose of rearing adults. At the time
there were no signs of parasitism, but in the course of a f
became evident and the majority of the larvae died. The parasite
spun a characteristic parchment-like cocoon, the shrivelled remains
of the larva frequently being left behind it. These cocoons were
cylindrical, 5.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. From them parasites
emerged in the course of the next few days. These were determined
by Mr. Gahan through the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard as Saga-
ritas dubiiatus Cr

On subsequent visits to this patch of mallows, parasitic cocoons
were noted. Occasionally they were found on the upper surface of
the leaves,, but usually on the lower surface and looselv attached.
Due to this latter fact many of these cocoons probably fall to the
ground. One thing is evident. A large number of the larvae in this
place were parasitized, although we did not observe similar conditions
in other localities. However, we did not observe larvae so abundant
in any other locality, and there is no doubt that similar parasitism
may occur when the larvae become plentiful and that this parasite
may be one of the natural checks of this species.

Egg. — Diameter of base 0.5 mm. Height 0.55 mm. Subglobular,
slightly broader at base. Chorion sculptured with pronounced, acute,
blade-like ridges running from base toward apex and with a number
of fine transverse lines. About one-half of the twenty- four ridges
extend almost to micropyle and a few unite in pairs, the other half
extending about two thirds of the way up. Color light. Deposited
singly on under side of leaf, not strongly attached.

Recently Hatched Larva. — Length 2 mm. Width of head
mm. Head uniform, mahogany brown, decidedly broader than any
other body segment. General color dirty white, with the body seg-
ments especially the first six. tending to be banded with brown. The
points which become black dots in the mature larva are more or less
tuberculate and bear fine, long hairs. Claws of prolegs elongate and
well developed, being as long as proleg itself.

Full Grown Larva. — Length 34-36 mm. Width of he
mm. The following description is by Weeks: " Head and first seg-
ment smaller than remainder of body. Head rounded, somewhat
flattened on the sides, broader at bottom than at top, strongly cleft at

60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

summit, ground color dirty white, mouth parts black; ground color
enclosing a triangular black space in front ; bottom, middle and sum-
mit of eyes with black spots, sometimes confluent; eyes with exceed-
ingly minute sparse hairs. Body cylindrical, considerably enlarged
anteriorly on the third and fourth segments. Ground color dark
purple. On all segments a subdorsal line of black spots, strongly
edged with orange, especially on the middle segments. On the third
and fourth segments, directly below the first subdorsal line, appears
a second double line of black spots in pairs, each pair joined and
included by an oval orange patch. On each of the other segments
are two other spots directly behind the first subdorsal. These are
edged with orange, especially in front and more conspicuously on
the middle segments. The black spots, especially at the middle seg-
ments have a slight tuberculous tendency and from each of them a
single, short minute black hair projects, barely visible to the naked
eye. There is also a row of sublateral patches, white anteriorly,
orange posteriorly, broadest behind and narrowing toward the front,
each patch containing from three to seven irregularly located and
varying velvety black dots. The first and second pair of anal legs
are wanting. The larva is consequently geometriform and has the
geometriform mode of progression. The fore legs are black, with
whitish orange towards the base. Anal legs orange on the outside,
their color being confluent with the lateral patch except in last pair.
Anal legs somewhat projecting behind. A cluster of five or six
minute hairs projects horizontally and directly above and between
the anal claws. The rows of subventral black dots nearly correspond
as to position with the subdorsal but want color; from each dot, hairs
similar to subdorsal project."

Pupa. — Length io mm. Width 4 mm. Color uniformly reddish
brown.

Cocoon. — Length 15 mm. Width 10 mm. Oval, thin, parchment-
like covering with particles of soil or other foreign matter attached
to outer surface.

This species is found along the Atlantic Coast. Smith (Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 60) gives the distribution, " New York and
southward to Florida and Texas, not common." The local records
which we have obtained are as follows: Rye (J. A.) ; New York and
vicinity (Elliot Coll.) ; Long Island (Shoemaker, Doll) ; Great Kill,

March. 1919.] WEISS AND DlCKERSON : INSECTS OF RoSE-MaLLOW. 61

S. I. (W. T. Davis; New York. Elizabeth, around edge of salt
meadow, larva June and August, adults May 20, June 5, July 5-20,
August 20, October 1 (Buchholz) ; (the latter record is hard to ac-
count for) ; Little Ferry, August 19 (Wormsbacher) ; Stone Harbor,
August 12 larva, May 16 adult (Daeke) ; Cape May (Laurent) ;
Newark and Arlington, first brood of moths, end of May and begin-
ning of June, second brood July and August (Rummel). Our own
records are Rutherford (nursery) ; Arlington (meadow and nur-
sery) ; Atlantic Highlands (meadow) ; Eatontown (nursery) ; New
Jersey.

At the few places where the insect was noted in nurseries it was
not abundant enough to require remedial measures. Should such
measures be necessary, however, the insect could undoubtedly be con-
trolled by spraying with arsenate of lead. As it passes the winter in
the cocoon, clean culture would probably destroy many of them.
This is what appears to have happened in a nursery block at Ruther-
ford, where the insects were noted in 191 7. The fallen leaves, etc.,
about the plants were raked up and destroyed and as a result very
few larvae noted the following season.

Papaipema nitela Gn.

During the early summer, the injury of this insect was observed
in a field patch of the swamp rose-mallow at Rutherford, N. J. The
infested shoots were not abundant, but here and there one could be
detected by the wilted condition of the leaves and tips.

This insect and its life history are too well known to need much
comment here. It is distributed throughout New Jersey and is some-
times common. According to Smith (Insects of New Jersey, 1909)
its normal food plant is ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), but it is a gen-
eral feeder and may also infest dock and a number of other plants,
including when abundant such cultivated plants as tomato, potato,
corn. etc.

The eggs are deposited in the fall; the larva bores in the stem;
may infest several in succession, especially if they are small : pupates
in the stem. In New Jersey adults occur from late July to September.

Cultivated plants are especially liable to attack if there are numer-
ous weeds growing in the vicinity and this was just the case in the
infested hibiscus plots at Rutherford, where there were not only

62 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

many weeds around the patches, but some in them as well. Under
ordinary conditions where the rose-mallow is grown as an orna-
mental, it is doubtful if the plants would very often become infested.

Other Lepidoptera.

Two or three different times during the summer single, slender,
rather prettily marked geometrid larvae were found feeding on the
blossoms of the swamp rose-mallow. One of these was bred to ma-
turity and proved to be a species of Eupithecia.

Other Insects Infesting the Stems and Leaves.
Neolasioptera hibisci Felt.

This cecidomyid was described by Felt in 1907 (N. Y. State Mus.
Bull., no, 155-6) under the generic name CJwristoneura. Dr. Felt
stated that it was bred April 25, 1907, from slightly enlarged stems
of the rose marsh-mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) taken on Staten
Island, N. Y. (Type Cecid. a 1410, N. Y. State Mus.) He again
mentions this species in his reports for 1907 (N. Y. State Mus. Bull.,
124, p. 320 and 333) and 1916 (N. Y. State Mus. Bull., 198, p. 196),
and in the latter describes the gall and larva as well as again giving
descriptions of the male and female and figuring burrows in the stem.

The gall of this species is an abnormal thickening of the stem of
the hibuscus. Concerning it, Felt says : " Infested stems can usually
be discovered by a somewhat abnormal thickening, though occasion-
ally a badly infested stem may be nearly twice the usual size. The
female appears to deposit eggs in a small slit in the stem, the larva
usually tunneling the pith and frequently excavating a channel just
beneath the surface. The larvae occur singly or in numbers in the
pith and occasionally in the outer portions of the tissues. One stalk
may be infested by only a few larvae or may contain 50 to 100 or
more."

These galls were first noted by us in August, 191 7, in a bed of
hibiscus seedlings in a nursery at Rutherford. The plants varied
from six to fifteen inches in height and several of them showed the
gall-like swellings which contained larvae and a few pupae. Adults
emerged from these later in the month. Later, during 191 7 and
several times during the present year 1918, these galls have been

March, 1919.] Weiss and Dickersox : Insects of Rose-Mallow. 63

observed on more mature stems. The galls vary from one anil cne
half to four inches in length and sometimes there is scarcely a trace
of the swelling. Most of the larvae have been in the swollen part of
the gall, but sometimes a few have been found in the stem above the
swollen part.

A number of galls have been examined, and while we have found
a number of larvae in some, we have never found as many as Dr. Felt
suggests may occur, although their number varies. On October 27,
1918, seventeen galls were collected and examined; eight contained
nothing while exit holes were noted on the outside of the galls. The
remaining nine contained larvae as follows: 2, 7, 3, 5, 10, 8, 4, 17. It
is evident that the insect hibernates in the gall and emerges in the
spring. This accounts for the April records. Our own specimens
both seasons emerged in August, but whether the insects occur in
broods we are unable to say.

The description of the larva is given by Felt as follows : " Length
4 mm., rather stout, light yellowish. Head small, antennae uniarticu-
late, slender, tapering; breast bone stout, somewhat expanded api-
cally, bidentate and with a rudimentary median tooth; skin finely
shagreened; posterior extremity broadly rounded." It will not be
necessary to give the descriptions of the adults.

It is sufficient to note that this cecidomyid is a rather pretty spe-
cies, being dark brown in color with lighter markings of golden
yellow and silvery white; posterior tarsi with second to fourth seg-
ments banded at both extremities and antennal segments of male are
15 to 16, while those of the female number 23.

Our records of distribution are Staten Island, X. Y. (Felt) ;
Rutherford, Arlington, Atlantic Highlands and Palmyra, N. J. The
gall does not seem to be particularly injurious to the plant.

Plant Lice.

Plant lice were observed on the hibiscus plants, both in the nur-
sery at Rutherford and the marsh at Arlington early in July. A few
days later they were noted on plants in the marsh at Ridgefield and
at one or two other points later in the season. At Rutherford they
continued on the plants throughout the season and on October 24,
after the temperature had been low enough to effect many of the

64 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1Vo1- xxvu.

leaves, several of the latter least affected were found to be infested !
with both winged and wingless forms. They of course were inac- ■':-'
tive due to the low temperature.

The infestation in the nursery was somewhat scattered, and while *'
some leaves were badly infested, the resulting injury was not very
apparent, as infestation could usually only be determined by examin- •
ing the under surface of the foliage. Parasitism was in evidence, J*,
but not sufficient to materially check the development and continua- e.
tion of the species throughout the summer. The parasite bred from
the aphids was determined by Mr. Gahan through the courtesy of
Dr. L. O. Howard as a species of Aphidius.

The plant lice noted in the several localities were evidently all of
one species which was identified by Prof. C. P. Gillette as Aphis gos-
sypii Glover. According to Dr. Patch (Food Plant Cat. of Aphididse
of World, Maine Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 270) there are three other
species infesting species of Hibisci, Apris Malvcr Walker, A. medi-
caginis Koch and Rhopalosiphum dianthi Schr.

Leaf Hoppers.

On nursery plants of hibiscus both at Rutherford and South
Orange, adults and nymphs were observed infesting the lower sur-
faces of the leaves. They were not abundant, but judging from the
fact that some of the nymphs were very young, it was quite evident
that oviposition and development occurred on the plants. Infesta-
tions occurred throughout the season and as late as October 24 both
nymphs were to be found on some of the leaves at Rutherford.
Specimens were kindly identified by Dr. Ball, who stated that the
species was Empoasca mail LeB., and wrote as follows : " The speci-
mens you sent were unquestionably those of Empoasca mali LeB., the
commonly known ' apple leaf-hopper,' which I am going to re-
christen ' the potato leaf-hopper.' This species was seriously abun-
dant on potatoes throughout the northern section, from Montana
east this season. It also attacks nursery stock and water sprouts of
apple trees, but not the older and more slowly growing leaves of the
apple. This species hibernates as an adult, so far as I have been
able to determine, while Empoasca unicolor, which is the real apple
leaf-hopper, deposits its eggs in the apple twigs and spends its whole

March, 1919.] WEISS AND DlCKERSOX : J.XSECTS OF ROSE-MALLOW. 65

life. — a single generation a year — on the apple tree. This is the real
apple leaf-hopper, but in most of the work on that so-called species
these two and roscc have been mixed."

Aleyrodid;e.

In August, specimens of " white fly," both adults and nymphs,
were observed an Hibiscus moscheutos in one of the nursery blocks)
at Rutherford. The specimens were few in number and the species
was not determined. The infestation, however, may have been
incidental.

Coccixellim:.

Both larvae and adults of a few species of Coccinellidce were ob-
served on the plants at Rutherford. They were evidently feeding on
the plant lice and adults of the following were collected, Hippodamia
13-punctata L., H. convergens Guer., Coccinella g^iiotata Hbst., and
Adalia bipunctata L.

Cambium mixer.

At Atlantic Highlands, N". J., and Rutherford, N. J., what ap-
peared to be the work of a cambium miner was observed on the stems.
No specimens were found and the identity of the species is unknown
to us.

Erastria amaturaria Walk.

A loosely folded hibiscus leaf containing a pupa was noted at
Rutherford on August 10. The adult which emerged proved to be
this species. The species is recorded as common and the larva is
said to feed on Polygonum dumetorum, so that the occurrence on
hibiscus may be accidental.

Scudderia texexsis S. & P.

A visit to Arlington soon after the flower buds became well devel-
oped revealed the fact that a number of them had been partially
eaten. Closer observation showed that the injury was caused by a
species of Locustidae identified by Mr. W. T. Davis as Scudderia
texensis. Two specimens of this species were captured while feed-
ing on the buds. Other species of Locustidae and Acrididae were also
present in the area where the mallows were growing, so that some
of them may have been responsible also for a part of this injury.

66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxyii.

Insects .in the Dried Stems.

On several occasions during the fall indications of insect activity
have been observed in the dried hibiscus stems remaining in the field.
In quite a few instances dead stems had the pith removed and the
channel divided off into cells. These cells contained dried pupal
shells, evidently those of a hymenopteron. In another instance, we
found somewhat similar cells in the pith packed with plant lice, which
had evidently been stored there by a species of Pemphredonidse.

INSECTS FOUND IN BLOSSOMS.
COLEOPTERA.

Conotelus obscurus Er.

Common in various places where flowers were examined. This
species is widely distributed and common in Convolvulus and other
flowers.

Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG.

Found in hibiscus flower at . South Amboy, N. J., August 15.
Common, also found in golden rod, wild carrot, etc.

Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv.

In all localities in hibiscus blossoms. This species is common on
many plants; larva injures roots of corn and grasses.

Bruchus discoideus Say.

Westville, August, one specimen.
Mordella octopunctata Fab.

Aqueduct, Long Island, N. Y., viii, 1918; collected on blossom
(Geo. P. Engelhardt).

Hemiptera.
Triphleps insidiosus Say.

Found in nearly all localities where flowers were examined. This
common parasitic hemipteron is found in various blossoms.

Hymenoptera.
Agapostemon virescens Fab.

Atlantic Highlands, August 15.

Agapostemon splendens Lep.

Lawrence Station, August 19; Riverton, August 16.

March, 1919] Weiss and Dickerson : Insects of Rose-Mallow. 67

Melissodes sp.

Riverton, August 16; South Orange, August 12.

Melissodes bimaculata Lep.

Eatontown, August 20; South Orange, August 12; Springfield,
August 3.

Xenoglossa pruinosa Say.

Springfield, August 3; South Orange, August 12; visits flowers
of cucurbits by preference.
Emphor bombiformis Cress, var. albojulatus Ckll.

In several localities where flowers were examined. The life his-
tory of this species was worked on by the late Mr. J. A. Grossbeck,
who found that the hibiscus pollen gathered served as food for the
larva?.

Clisodon terminalis Cress.
Rutherford, August 16.

Bombus fervidus Fab.
Bombus impatiens Harr.
Bombus bimaculatus Cress.
Bombus auricomus Rob.

DlPTERA.

Specimens of a cecidomyid submitted to Dr. Felt, were in the ab-
sence of males identified as probably one of the Diplosids.

Insects Found in Developing Folded Leaves.

Two species of Coleoptera, namely, Aphrastus taeniatus Gyll, and
Gymnetron tetrum Fab., were quite common at Rutherford during the
second and third week of July, in the developing folded leaves at the
tips of the shoots. No feeding could be detected.

Acknowledgments.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge our indebtedness to Mr. C. \Y.
Leng, who aided us considerably by identifications and references to
the literature, and to Dr. L. O. Howard and the specialists named in
the text, Dr. E. P. Felt, Dr. F. E. Lutz, Mr. C. A. Frost, Mr. W. T.
Davis, Dr. J. Bequaert, Prof. H. C. Fall, Mr. H. Hornig, Mr. Frank
Watson, and Mr. G. M. Greene for records, identifications and other

68 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvil

help. To Mr. Erdman West and Mr. Breeder our thanks are due
for the photographs.

Explanation of Plates X, XI, XII.

Fig. i. A nursery patch of Hibiscus moscheutos during the winter.

Fig. 2. Acontia delecta adult.

Fig. 3. Acontia delecta with wings folded.

Fig. 4. Gelechia hibiscella adult.

Fig. 5. Larvae of Acontia delecta.

Fig. 6. Petioles injured by larvae of Rhccboscelis tenuis.

Fig. 7. Work of larvae of R. tenuis in hibiscus stems, showing larva in
one of the left.

Fig. 8. Cocoon of Sagaritas dubitatus with shrivelled larval skin attached.

Fig. 9. Work of larva of Papaipema nitela.

Fig. 10. Feeding (large holes) of Rhcrboscelis tenuis.

Figs. 11 and 12. Galls of Apion hibisci.

Fig. 13. Stem split to show cavity occupied by larva of Apion hibisci.

Fig. 14. Gall of Neolasioptera hibisci.

Fig. 15. Stem split to show cavity in pith occupied by larvae of Neolasi-
optera hibisci.

Fig. 16. Feeding of Chcctocnema quadricollis.

Fig. 17. Flower buds injured by Scudderia texensis.

Fig. 18. Leaf cut and rolled by larva of Gelechia hibiscella.

CICADAS OF THE GENUS CACAMA, WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF SEVERAL NEW SPECIES.

By Wm. T. Davis,

New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

In Genera Insectorum Mr. Distant lists Cacama maura Dist. from
Mexico and Yucatan; and both Cacama dissiniilis Dist. and Cacama
longirostris Dist. from Mexico. These three species were described
in 1881 in Biol. Centr.-Amer., maura and longirostris under the
generic name of Proarna, and dissimilis as a Cicada. Uhler's Pro-
arna valvata described from Texas and Arizona in 1888 in Ento-
mologica Americana, is listed in that genus in Genera Insectorum,
but Mr. Van Duzee removed it to the genus Cacama in 1915 (Jour-
nal N. Y. Ento. Society). In the Transactions of the San Diego

/on in. X. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL X.

m

91

f"4&$n&

4r

^§m$M

*&0

u

KF

insects of the Rose-Mallow

Jo// in. X. Y. lint. Soc

Insects of the Rose-Mallow.

/(>///■//. .X. Y. Ent. Soc.

I ol. XX / //. PL XII.

14! 15

insects of the Rose-Mallow.

March, 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS OF THE GENUS ClCADA. 69

Soc. Xat. Hist., ii, p. 45, 1914. Mr. Van Duzee described Proarna
crepitans from California, which in 1915 he also removed to the genus
Cacama. So the genus up to the present has had five known species,
three from Mexico and two from the United States.

In Cacama the tympanal coverings in the male entirely conceal
the orifices, which is also the case in the genus Tibicen, but the head
including the eyes is much narrower in Cacama, being little more
than two thirds the width of the mesonotum. The abdomen is broad
and much rounded behind; in Tibicen it is more tapering. The api-
cal areas of the fore wings in Cacama are eight in number, the two
lowermost small and somewhat square in shape. In Tibicen the two
lowest apical areas are not as nearly of the same size, the seventh
being much smaller than the eighth.

The type of the genus is Cacama maura (Distant), figured in Biol.
Centr.-Amer., and also in Genera Insectorum. Cacama longirostris
is also figured in Biol. Centr.-Amer. The remaining species, includ-
ing four new ones and a female from Yucatan, which has been iden-
tified as maura, are figured on the plates accompanying this article.
Owing to the lack of specimens available for its preparation the fol-
lowing table for the separation of species is not altogether complete.

Genus Cacama.

Rostrum not quite or barely reaching posterior coxa? A.

Rostrum reaching posterior coxae or beyond B.

Rostrum reaching the first abdominal segment C.

A.

A black species. Basal cell of fore wings usually includes a darkened area
near front margin, translucent on hind margin ; anal membranes of both
pairs of wings grayish, sometimes slightly ochraceous with hind margins
gray. First and second transverse veins of fore wings hardly infuscated.
Black spot on dorsum of the pale colored eighth abdominal segment of
male quadrate. Abdomen above with first segment straw colored or prui-
nose ; beneath straw colored valvata (Uhler).

Not as dark in color as the last. Basal cell of fore wings ochraceous, trans-
lucent in part ; anal membranes of both pairs of wings ochraceous. First
and second transverse veins of fore wings slightly infuscated. Eighth
abdominal segment of male almost entirely black, light colored each side
at base and near extremity. Abdomen orange colored beneath. Incus
deeply notched at the extremity furcata new species.

70 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

Body considerably variegated with ochraceous ; basal cell of fore wings ochra-
ceous, translucent in part; anal membranes of both pairs of wings orange.
First and second transverse veins of fore wings infuscated. Black spot
on dorsum of eighth abdominal segment in male inversely napiform
(turnip-shaped) variegata new species.

Resembles variegata in color and size, but with head usually smaller and the
narrowed fore wings with outer margin more straight. Basal cell of fore
wings nearly clear; first and second cross veins hardly infuscated.

californica new species.
B.

Basal area of fore wings " slightly ochraceous and opaque " ; anal membranes
of fore and hind wings orange with hind margin gray. First and second
transverse veins of the fore wings " scarcely infuscated."

dissimilis (Distant).

Resembles valvata in being a black species, but has a larger head and is more
hairy beneath about the legs. Basal cell of the fore wings blackish, trans-
lucent in part ; anal membranes of both pairs of wings dark gray, abdo-
men above, entirely black at base. Dorsum of the eighth abdominal
segment of male black with a small pruinose area each side.

carbonaria new species.

Basal cell of the fore wings translucent in part ; anal membranes of the fore
and hind wings orange. First and second transverse veins of the fore
wings infuscated crepitans (Van Duzee).

Basal area of fore and hind wings black, first and second transverse cross
veins of the fore wings infuscated maura (Distant).

C.

Basal area of the fore wings black, cell partly clear, first and second cross
veins not infuscated longirostris (Distant).

Cacama valvata (Uhler).

1888. Proarna valvata Uhler. Entomologica Americana, IV, p. 84.

Specimens examined: Tascosa, Tex., June, 1918, male (Miss Mc-
Gill), D's Coll. Pecos River, Tex., May 24, male, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Coll. Devil's River, Tex., July 3, 1917, male, Cornell University
Coll. Jemez Springs, N. M., 6,400 ft., 15 males, 3 females, June,
1918, and 6 males, 3 females, July 2 and 3, 1918 (John Woodgate),
D's Coll. Alamogordo, N. M., June 6 and 7, 1902, Coll. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. Pueblo, Col., June 15, 1900, male (Univ. of Kans.), D's
Coll. Pueblo, Col., June 15, 1900, 3 females, E. D. Ball Coll. Car-
son City, Col., July 3, male, D's Coll. Trinidad, Col., June 3, 1910,
male (F. C. Bishopp), U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Canon City, Col., July

1111,11 """I Davis: Cicadas oi the Genus Cicada.

71

3, male, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Holly, Col., June ig, 1900, male, E.
I). Ball Coll. Coolidge, Col., June 18, 1900, male, E. D. Ball Coll.

It. Collins, Col., June 28, 1900, male, E. D. Ball Coll. Kanab, Utah,
June 24, [913, male (E. D. Ball), D's Coll. ECanab, Utah, June 24,
[913, two males and female (E. D. Ball), Coll. Dr. Hall. Arizona,
male, labeled "P. valvata Uhler," by Uhler, U. S. Nat. Museum Toll.
Bradsh Mts., Ariz., June 22, 1892, two males, Coll. Oregon Agri.
College. Rincon Mts., Ariz., male and female, D's Coll. Nog
Ariz., July, female (Oslar), D's Coll. Grand Canyon, Ariz.,
bush country half way level in Canyon, June 5, 19 15, male (B. B.
Fulton), D's Coll. Grand Canyon, Ariz., Indian Garden, June 9,
1916, male (Geo. P. Engelhanltj, D's Coll.

The two males from the Grand Canyon are smaller than the
others in my collection.

Uhler in the original description mentions three males as typical
specimens, one " from the vicinity of the Pecos River in Texas, and

0<XC(XTn.<x va.lva.ta

the others were captured in Arizona.'' The remaining specimen
mentioned by him from Camp Grant, Arizona, with " a much i
rostrum than the types," is in the collection of the U. S. Xat. Mu-
seum. In addition to the locality it is labeled " Palmer's Assorting
No. 1043.'' The rostrum reaches the posterior cox«, and we think
the specimen is referable to Cacama dissimilis ("Distant).

Mr. Woodgate writes of the valvata he sent from Jemez Springs,
X. M., that they were very shy and often found about the bush cactus.
Some he took in the evening while they were at rest on the cactus.
" They are the only insects except ants that can settle on the bush

72 Journai Xiw York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

cactus without impaling themselves. The toughest beetles become
impaled when they settle on this cactus and the ants proceed to eat
them, but these Cicadas that have a very swift flight, can settle with
impunity." He says that "their song is not sustained for more than
about two minutes in the brightest sunshine even."

Cacama furcata new species

Type male, labeled "Lower California?" Collection, University of
Nebras

A dark colored species decorated with orange and black at the base of
both pairs of wines.

Head black with a light brown spot above each antenna and a median
light brown line below the central ocellus. Region of the transverse rugae
.': each side with brown and black. The orange colored ros-
trum is black at tip. and extends slightly beyond the median coxae. Pro-
notum black or nearly so. with a brownish spot on the front margin each side
of the central line: the lateral margins variegated with brown, and a rather
conspicuous upturned brownish line near the posterior angles. Mesonotum
black, except the outer two lines of the central W mark, the extreme lateral
margins at the base of the fore wings, and the front limbs of the X, which
are brownish. Tergnm black or nearly so. with the segments narrowly edged

Cacama vurcala.

at the - - he body with brown. The first segment almost entirely black,

the hind margin edged with brown, especially conspicuous near the central
•. and a minute pminose spo: each side near the extremities and adjoin-
ing the tympana. The eighth segment is nearly all black, light brown near
the tip and on the sides : there is also a basal pruinose line. Fore wings
the basal cell nearly clear; both the fore and hind wings are variegated
-. with orange and black: the membranes are orange tinted with gray
on their posterior margins. Costal margin of the fore wings testaceous with
a series of connected darker spots to the end of the radial cell, from which
point the margin is darker colored to the end of the wing. The outer margin
fore wing is nearly straight, somewhat abruptly turned at the eighth

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:

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-

74

Journal New York Entomological Society. 1Vo1- xxvil.

the base and front margin ; both the front and hind wings are variegated at
base with testaceous and black, the membranes are orange. Costal margin of
the fore wings testaceous with a series of connected darker spots to the end
of the radial cell, from which point the margin is darker colored to the end
of the wing. The outer margins of the fore wings are more evenly rounded
than in any other species here considered; the first and second cross veins
are considerably infuscated. Beneath the body is light or straw colored, espe-
cially the opercula, variegated with black about the legs and at the sides of

Cactxma i/ome.<jata

the abdomen. Opercula overlapping along the inner margin and broadly
rounded behind.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 29 27

Width of head across eyes 9.5 9.5

Expanse of fore wings 75 79

Greatest width of operculum 7.5

Greatest length of operculum 8.5

The allotype, and other females collected at the same time, have more
brown on the tergum than in the males. The first abdominal segment is prui-
nose, which extends on to the fore part of the second segment; the third to
the seventh segments are pruinose on the sides, while the eighth segment is
light colored and pruinose. There are the same black or dark brown dots
each side on the eighth segment as in the male. The ninth segment is also
light colored. Beneath the last ventral segment is evenly rounded each side
of the central notch.

In addition to the type and allotype there are 17 males and 15 fe-
males in the writer's collection, all from San Banito, Texas, and col-

March. 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS OF THE GENUS ClCADA. 7.",

lected in June, 1918. In the collection of the U. S. Xational Museum
there are the following specimens: San Diego, Tex., May 5, male (E.
A. Schwarz) ; McAllen, Tex., May 22, male (McMillan) ; Cotula,
Tex., May 10, 1906, six males and three females, May 11, 1906, ten
males and seven females, June 1, 1906, female, all collected by Craw-
ford and Pratt, and one male collected May 12, 1906, by F. C. Pratt.
This species can be separated from all of the others here consid-
ered by the shape of the fore wings, which, as has been stated, are
more evenly rounded, that is, the outer margin is not as straight as
it is in the others.

Cacama californica new species.

Type male and allotype female from Los Angeles County, California, July
(Collection Coquillett). U. S. Xational Museum.

This species resembles Cacama variegata in color pattern and general
appearance, and the rostrum is of the same length, but it differs otherwise in
the following particulars : The head is usually smaller ; the fore wings are
narrower with the outer margins more straight, and with the space between
the marginal cells and the edge of the wings very broad. The basal cell is
nearly clear, and the first and second cross veins are hardly infuscated. A
side view of the abdomen shows the operculum to be sinuated on the margin,
instead of evenly curved as in variegata. The opercula are also shorter though

Cacama cal'domica.

of the same general shape. The end of the abdomen as viewed either from
above or below is seen to be broader or more flattened out.

Measurements of Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 27 27

U'idth of head across eyes 9 9.5

Expanse of fore wings 76 79

Greatest width of operculum 7

Greatest length of operculum 6

76 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1VoL xxvii.

In addition to the type and allotype, ten males and three females
were collected by Mr. Coquillett in Los Angeles County, California,
in July. In the collection of Dr. E. D. Ball there is a female col-
lected by him at Cabazon, Calif., June 20, 1909.

This species is not quite as contrastingly colored as in variegata;
the membranes at the base of the wings are not so deeply orange in
color, being more yellowish and gray.

Cacama dissimilis (Distant).

1S81. Cicada dissimilis Distant, Biol. Centr.-Am., Homop. 1, p. 10.

Three males and one female identified as this species and from the
collection of the University of Nebraska, have been examined. They
are labeled Sonora, Mex., Eisen Collector. In the Uhler collection,
U. S. National Museum, is the male already mentioned from " Camp
Grant, Ariz. (Palmer), Palmer's Assorting, No. 1043," which has
been compared with one of the males from Sonora, Mexico. All of
these specimens have the rostrum reaching to about the middle of the
posterior coxse ; first and second transverse veins of the fore wings
are " scarcely infuscated " as stated in the original description. The
original description further states that the basal area is " only slightly
ochraceous and opaque," which is also true of the specimens men-
tioned above.

Cacama carbonaria new species.

Type male, in Davis collection, and presented to the writer by Dr. E. D.
Ball, who states that it came from near Mexico City, Mexico. It bears the
number " 337."

This is a very black species and resembles Cacama valvata in size and
color.

Head black with a brown spot above each antenna, one each side on the
hind margin near the posterior ocelli, one in front of the median ocellus, and
a line on the front in the region of the transverse ruga?. The brown rostrum
is long and extends to the posterior coxa?, but hardly beyond them. The face
is black with white hairs ; a pale stripe follows the sides of the transverse
rugae, and a second one leads from the base of the rostrum toward each eye.
The pronotum is black and pubescent, as in valvata; on the hind margin there
is an irregular brown spot each side that extends nearly to the posterior
angles. Mesonotum black, slightly lighter near the base of the wings. The
X has the fore limbs brown, each one bearing a black spot ; the hind limbs are
black. Tergum black, including the exposed part of the first segment, which
is light colored and pruinose in valvata. On each side there is a pruinose
spot, which covers the lower part of the tympanum and extends to the fourth

March, 1919.] Davis: Cicadas of the Genus Cicada.

77

segment. The eighth segment is nearly all black, with a small light spot each
side, which is also pruinose. Fore wings with the same testaceous and black
colors at base, as in valvata, and the anal membranes of both pairs of wings
likewise gray. About one third of the basal area is clear also as in valvata.
The first and second transverse veins of the fore wings are slightly infuscated.
Beneath the opercula are dull straw colored as in valvata, but the ends of the
second and third pair of coxae are orange colored. The opercula overlap along
the inner margin and are broadly rounded at the extremities. A side view of
the abdomen shows the operculum to be sinuated on the margin in order to
cover a more protruding tympanum than is found in valvata. The end of the
abdomen is considerably broadened out at the extremity ; much more so than

Gfl.CG.yn a carbonaria

in valvata. When viewed in profile the uncus is seen to be deeply sinuated
near its central portion.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type.

Length of body 29

Width of head across eyes 10

Expanse of fore wings 73

Greatest width of operculum 7

Greatest length of operculum 7

This is a larger headed and proportionately broader bodied species
than valvata; the rostrum is also much longer and the uncus differ-
ently shaped.

I am indebted to Dr. Ball for permission to retain the specimen.

Cacama crepitans lA'an Duzee).

1914. Proarna crepitans Van Duzee. Trans. San Diego Soc. Xat. Hist.. 2. p. 45.

Mr. Van Duzee says in the original description: " Described from

78 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

seven male examples taken in Mission Valley on the hillside oppo-
site the city of San Diego, July 9, 1913. This species makes an un-
usually loud crackling noise which is often repeated and well sus-
tained, but the insect was very active and difficult to capture, espe-
cially as its home was among the cactus on the steepest part of the
hill."

Mr. Van Duzee has been good enough to send me one of the
above mentioned males, in addition to which I have, through the kind-
ness of Prof. Myron H. Swenk, been able to examine two additional
males from the collection of the University of Nebraska. One is
labeled San Jose del Cabo, " Lower California, Mexico, Eisen Coll.,
1893," arid the other simply " Lower Calif. ? "

Cacama maura (Distant).

1881. Proarna maura Distant, Biol. Centr.-Am., Homop., 1, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 5.

The original description states of the fore wings that the " basal
area, costal membrane, and transverse veins at bases of second and
third apical areas black." Basal area of the wings also black. It is
said to inhabit Mexico, also Yucatan.

In the collection of the U. S. National Museum there are several
specimens from Yucatan labeled maura, which are brownish instead
of black. There is also a chestnut-brown female in the writer's col-
lection from Yucatan, supposed to belong to this species, and which
is figured on the accompanying plate.
Cacama longirostris (Distant).

1881. Proana longirostris Distant, Biol. Centr.-Am., Homop., 1, p. 13, pi.
2, fig. 4, 4a and 4b.

In the original description is the statement that the tegmina have
a " black basal area," but a smaller one than in maura. Fig. 4 b, re-
ferred to above, shows the rostrum extending beyond the. opercula
to the " apex of the first abdominal segment."

Uhler, in Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 84, 1888, says of
longirostris: "Inhabits Mexico. It resembles the preceding species
[maura] in form, but has a much longer rostrum, and lacks the broad
tract at the base of the wings."

Join ii. X. V. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL X/J 7.

r 3

Cacama.

Journ. .V. Y. Ent. St

Vol. XXVII. /'/. XIV.

Cacama.

March. 1919.] AIcAtee: Berytidje (Heteroptera) .

79

Explanation of Plates.
Plate XIII.
Fig. 1. Cacama valvata (Uhler).
Fig. 2. Cacama f areata Davis. Type.
Fig. 3. Cacama v arte gat a Davis. Type.
Fig. 4. Cacama variegata Davis. Allotype.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 1
Fig. 5

Plate XIV.
Cacama californica Davis. Type.
Cacama dissimilis (Distant).
Cacama carbonaria Davis. Type.
Cacama crepitans (Van Duzee). Cotype.
Cacama maura (Distant).

KEY TO THE NEARCTIC GENERA AND SPECIES OF
BERYTID^ (HETEROPTERA).

By W. L. McAtee,
Washington, D. C.

The Berytidae are an assemblage of small- to medium-sized bugs
of slender build. The long filiform antennae are distinctly elbowed
and the head has a definite constriction or transverse sulcus in front
of the ocelli. The first joint of the antenna, and the femora are cla-
vate. and the slender legs are more or less thickly beset with short
bristles or bristled tubercles. The scutellum is small, leaving the tri-
angular space between the clavi partly open.

In the following treatment of the family descriptions of genera
do not repeat the family characters, nor do those of species reiterate
the characters of their respective genera. Distribution is not given
in detail for the most common and widespread forms. The measure-
ments of total length refer to the body proper, between apices of tylus
and elytra, and do not include the antennae.

It has been the custom to refer to certain metathoracic tubercles
of the Berytidae as breathing-horns, or the equivalent of that term in
various languages. It is evident, however, that these organs in their
entirety are exact homologues of what are called in all the other
groups of Heteroptera possessing them, ostioles witli their accom-

80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoL xxvil

panying canals and tubercles; which are believed to be the orifices
through which the odoriferous secretions of the bugs are given off.
The structure of the ostiole, ostiolar canal and tubercles are of much
more importance in the classification of the Berytidae than has yet
been recognized and in this paper the primary division of the family
is made upon this structure.

The Berytidae would appear to be rather far advanced in their
evolutionary history, the species not showing very extensive varia-
tion, and the number of groups of generic value being large in pro-
portion to the number of species.

For the loan of material used in the preparation of this paper the
writer is obliged to Mr. J. C. Crawford, Associate Curator of the
Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum, and to Mr. E. P. Van
Duzee, of the California Academy of Sciences.

Key to the Genera.

A. Metathorax with distinct ostiolar canal running (at least as a suture) from
coxal cavity to and upon ostiolar tubercle which sometimes is long
and spines-like ; Berytids with few spines on upper surface of body.
B. Ostiolar process long, more or less spine-like.

C. Ostiolar process long, posteriorly curved and twisted so that ostio-

lar canal, which channels it to apex, lies at first on outer
side, but apically on its upper surface, apex without spine ;
terminal antennal joint about as long as head ; fore coxae
separated by a narrower scarcely sulcate area.

Aknisus n. gen., p. 81.
CC. Ostiolar process shorter, less curved, and not twisted, canal en-
tirely on the outer side, apex of process a rather long spine ;
terminal antennal joint longer than head ; fore coxae sepa-
rated by a broader distinctly sulcate area Jalysus, p. 85.

BB. Ostiolar tubercle low, not at all spine-like.

D. Head with a porrect decurved spine ; front of thorax unarmed.

Neides, p. 87.
DD. Head without spine ; front of thorax with an erect sharp spine

at each side Protacanthus, p. 87.

AA. Metathorax without external ostiolar canal; ostiole small, on apex of the
ostiolar tubercle ; Berytids with numerous spines on upper surface of
body.
E. Head with only a single spine or tubercle on middle of vertex ; elytra
without spines ; ostiolar tubercle a low, rounded cone.

Pronotacantha, p. 88.

March, 19 19.] McAtee : Berytim: (Heteroptera) . 81

EE. Head with several strong spines ; veins of corium spinose ; ostiolar

tubercle a short, curved, cylindrical process.

F. Membrane of normal extent; juncture of marginal and terminal

veins of corium far cephalad of end of abdomen ; veins of

corium with a moderate number of fairly strong, curved

spines; mesosternum conspicuously tumid.

Saurocoris n. gen., p. 89.
FF. Membrane much reduced, juncture of marginal and terminal
veins of corium almost over end of abdomen ; membrane
forming an acuminate terminal appendage of elytron ; corium
expanded and inflated, its veins with a large number of long,
curved spines ; mesosternum not at all tumid.

Acanthophysa, p. 90.
Aknisus new genus.

The diagnostic characters are given in the key; further brief
description of the more characteristic features is given, however, as
in the case of all the other genera.

Front of vertex with or without more or less pointed tubercles ;
thorax with distinct callosities, median line somewhat calloused and
elevated, sides very low carinate, and region within humeri elevated;
scutellum with short sharp almost upright spine; elytra delicate, hya-
line, very sparsely punctate; ostiolar process long, posteriorly curved
and twisted so that ostiolar canal, which channels it to apex, lies at
first on outer side but apically on its upper surface, apex without
spine; beak extending slightly beyond middle coxae; rostral sulcus,
scarcely evident on prosternum, fairly wide with rather swollen
margins (lacking indentations) on mesosternum, narrowed between
middle coxae, expanding on metasternum into a diamond shaped basin
with corresponding broad rounded margin, well marked and percur-
rent on first abdominal segment.

The type of the genus is Aknisus calvus new species. I would
select Hoplinus multispinus Ashmead as genotype, because of its
being the earliest species, were not the standing of that name in
controversy.

Key to the Species.

Front of vertex with a short, but distinct pointed tubercle.

multispinus Ashmead.
Front of vertex without pointed tubercle calvus n. sp.

82 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1VoL xxvil

Aknisus multispinus Ashmead.

Hoplinus multispinus Ashmead, W. H. Hemipterological Contributions (No.

i), Entomologica Americana, Vol. 3, No. 8, Nov., 1887, p. 155 [Florida].
Jalysus perclavatus Van Duzee, E. P. Observations on some Hemiptera taken

in Florida in the spring of 1908. Bui. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 9, No.

2, 1909, pp. 163-4. [Crescent City, Sanford, Tampa and St. Petersburg.]

Nomenclatorial and critical notes on Hemiptera, Can. Ent., Vol. 46, No.

11, Nov., 1914, pp. 380-381.
Jalysus (Hoplinus) multispinosiis Barber, H. G. Descriptions of some new

Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 19, No. 1, March,

191 1, p. 24.
Hoplinus (?) multispinus Van Duzee, E. C. Check List of the Hemiptera

... of America, North of Mexico, 1916, p. 17, Catalogue, id., 1917, p. 144.

In addition to the characters mentioned in the keys it is necessary
only to state that this insect is pale stramineous with eyes, terminal
antennal segments, tips of tibise and tarsi darker, sometimes black.
Rarely specimens have irregular dark spots on the thorax. Length
5-6 mm.

Specimens examined are from:

Duval Co., Florida, W. H. Ashmead (type).
Langdon, Mo., Aug. 28, 1901, H. G. Barber.
Clarendon Siding, Kans., July 26, 1891.
Horace, Kans., July 28, 1891.

Wades, Tex., May 22, E. A. Schwarz ; Dallas, Tex., Sept. 8,

1906, Sept. 23, 1911; Brewster Co., Tex., June 13-17, 1908.

San Antonio, Tex., H. Osborn. All specimens to this point

in National Collection.
St. Petersburg, Fla., April 28, 1908, E. P. Van Duzee. Para-
type of Jalysus perclavatus in collection of E. P. Van Duzee.
Citations in the synonymy indicate that the systematic* position of
this species has been the subject of controversy. The original de-
scription was poor and the original generic reference to Hoplinus
Stal inexcusable. At the same time it must be said that Stal's de-
scription of Hoplinus1 is very generalized and by no means fits the
insect he makes the genotype, namely Neides spinosissimus Signoret.2
The latter is described as having a large number of spines on head,

1 Stal, C, Enumeratio Hemipterorum, 4, 1874, p. 127.

2 Signoret, V., Revision des Hemipteres du Chile, Ann. Soc. Ent. de
France, 4th Ser., Vol. 3, 1863, p. 555.

March, 1919.] McATEE ! BeRYTID.E (HeTEROPTERa) . 83

thorax and elytra, with a score for instance along the outer border
of each elytron.

With respect to this latter point Stal misread the original descrip-
tion and by inserting in his generic diagnosis " margin of abdomen
spinose " has misled others. What Signoret really says in the origi-
nal description is : " Elytra having on the longitudinal veins of the
corium and along the outer margin a large number of spines ; with
respect to the latter one observes, at least a score which, viewing the
insect from above, appear to pertain to the abdomen, but which in
reality belong to the outer border of the elytra."

The connexivum, therefore, is unarmed, not long-spinose as stated
by Van Duzee3 in his remarks objecting to Barber's allocation4 in
Jalysus of Ashmead's Hoplinus multispinus.

Let us take Ashmead's description in connection with the type
specimen which is still in existence and see whether the species is
identifiable. The original description is herewith reproduced:

" Length .20 inch. Pale yellowish brown, tarsi and terminal an-
tennal joint, black. Head armed with three spines, one median on a
line with base of antennae, prominent but blunt, and one on each side
just back of antennae. There is a prominent acute spine at base of
scutellum, two short sharp spines at tip of abdomen, and one on each
pleura, extending and slightly curving over at base of elytra. Pro-
thorax long, narrowed before, more than twice the length of the
width at base, punctured, with a slight median carina, the narrow
transverse portion just before the middle impunctured. The legs are
long and thin, the posterior femora reaching beyond the tip of the
abdomen."

Discussing this description, it must be admitted at once that the
notes on color and structure of the antennae, thorax and legs bring
out nothing to prevent the insect being considered a Jalysus (as here-
tofore understood). There remains as a bone of contention, only the
spines. Ashmead misunderstood or gave little heed to the characters
of Hoplinus as derived from the description of the genotype, and
subsequent writers have scarcely improved upon his attitude. In his
description of multispinus Ashmead's statement that there is a spine

3 Can. Ent., Nov., 1914, p. 381.

4jouRN. X. V. Ent. Soc, 19, 1911, p. 24.

84 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

[the ostiolar tubercle] on each pleura, extending [to] and slightly
curving over at base of elytra, indicate that the insect before him was
a Jalysus, unless indeed we divide that genus, as here done.

The two short, sharp spines at tip of abdomen are merely the acute
angles of the broadly emarginate terminal segments. The scutellar
spine is characteristic of Jalysus, and the prominent but blunt spine
between bases of antennae marks the species under consideration,
whether we call it multispinus or perclavatus.

There remains but one difficulty, and that the only real one in har-
monizing Ashmead's species with the genus Jalysus (as heretofore
understood) and identifying it with /. perclavatus Van D. This is
the alleged presence of a spine on each side of head just back of
antenna. In my opinion Ashmead described the antenna from a
single entire one, and the " spine " from the broken base of the other.
There is present on the type such a broken base which might be mis-
taken for a spine.

A poor piece of work, admittedly, but when has this fault been
given weight in discussions of nomenclatorial matters? If it were,
hundreds of names now accepted would go by the board, and even
the foundation of all our nomenclature would be shattered, for judged
by present standards the definitions of Linnseus are very undiscrimi-
nating. Ashmead's chief fault in launching his multispinus was one
still too common, namely that of trying to stretch the definition of
an existing genus to cover the new form in hand, regardless of vio-
lence done.

This case emphasizes an aspect of the description of new forms
that is seldom dwelt upon. That is, credit and honor for a discovery
are not the most important things connected with naming a new
group. On the contrary, it must be borne in mind that responsibility
for launching the new form or group and for adequately character-
izing it is great, and that this phase of the work cannot be slighted
without detriment to science and to the good standing of the de-
scriber. Thus under the workings of priority rulings, although im-
perfect and unworthy work seemingly is elevated, poetic justice is
done by making the authors of poor, insincere or pirated work
responsible for all of their discreditable brood. Every subsequent
author who works over their product sees its faults, and the fact that
an individual's name follows a long list of names of organisms by no

March, 1919.] McAtee: Berytid.e (Heteroptera) . 85

means indicates a glorious position in the galaxy of science ; it may
be just the reverse. In taxonomic work as elsewhere quality counts.

Aknisus calvus new species.

This species has the same type of ostiolar process as A. multispinus, -with
which, chiefly on that account, it is associated in a new genus. The present
species is similar to A. multispinus throughout except that front of vertex is
smoothly rounded over, there being no indication of a frontal tubercle. Length
6—7 mm.

Two specimens in National Collection, one from Modesto, Calif.,
March 31-April 1, 1910, H. Osborn, and one from Lindsay, Calif.,
July 13, 1909, W. A. Davidson, of which the former is the type.

Jalysus Stal.
Jalysus Stal, C. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens. Hemipter-Fauna, Pt. 2,
1862, p. 59. [Included species, sobrinus, tenellus and macer Stal; the
latter is the genotype.]

Front of vertex with or without spine ;5 thorax with distinct cal-
losities ; sides and median line very low carinate and area within
humeri elevated; scutellum with short, sharp, posteriorly inclined
spine; elytra spineless, corium not conspicuously punctate; ostiolar
process shorter, less curved, and not twisted, canal entirely on the
outer side, apex of process a rather long spine ; beak nearly or quite
attaining hind coxae; no indication of rostral position on underside of
head; sulcus beginning at middle of prosternum, narrow and shallow
between fore coxae; much widened on mesosternum, flanked on each
side by 5-6 indentations, abruptly contracted as it passes between
middle coxae, then widened again on mestasternum, but not attaining
width of part anterior to coxa?, the whole meso- and metasternal
parts of sulcus with distinct, carinate edges; sulcus fairly well devel-
oped on first abdominal segment, percurrent, with broad flat longi-
tudinally wrinkled margins.

Key to the Species.

Front of vertex with a long, sharp, sometimes decurved spine ; scutellar spine
depressed, almost horizontal elongatus Barber.

Front of vertex without spines, scutellar spine inclined at an angle of 45
degrees spinosus Say.

5 The front of vertex in Jalysus exhibits considerable variation in struc-
ture, which, however, has not been found to be related to the place of collec-
tion of specimens, or otherwise available for taxonomic purposes.

86 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Jalysus elongatus Barber.

Jalysus elongatus Barber, H. G., Journ. X. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. 19, No. 1,
March, 191 1, pp. 23-24 [Huachuca Mts., Ariz.].

This species is light buff in color, with only the eyes, terminal an-
tennal joints and tarsi dark. The median line and edges of pronotum
are slightly raised, calloused and pale. Pronotum rather more ele-
vated within humeral angles than in /. spiuosum, abdomen consid-
erably surpassing wings. Length 8 mm.

One specimen examined, a paratype, from Huachuca Mts., Ariz.,
July 8, 1905, H. G. Barber (U. S. Nat. Mus.).

Jalysus spinosus Say.

Berytus spinosus Say, Thomas. American Entomology, Vol. I, 1824, pp. 28—9.
The complete writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North
America, Vol. 1, 1859, pp. 28—9. [No locality mentioned.]

This species is distinguished from all others in the United States
by having the ostiolar process tipped with a distinct spine.

General color, yellow-brown, with last antennal joint except its
base and apex, eyes, apex of corium, tips of tarsi, and sometimes
irregular spots on thorax, and longitudinal vittae on venter, fuscous
to black. Length 7-9 mm.

Inhabits Eastern North America from Louisiana and Florida
north to Ontario and Quebec.

Jalysus spinosus subspecies wickhami Van Duzee.

Jalysus wickhami Van Duzee, E. P. New North American Heteroptera, Ent.
News., Dec, 1906, pp. 387-8. [Inyo Mts., Calif., Tucson, Ariz.]

From Nebraska and Texas to British Columbia and California
occurs a race of Jalysus spinosus, for which the name zuickJw))ii is
available. This form usually is of slighter stature than the eastern
subspecies; the ostiolar process is shorter and its terminal spine less
conspicuous; the front of vertex is more prominent, often forming a
distinct tubercle; and the terminal antennal joint is noticeably shorter.
Perhaps any of these characters may be observed in an occasional
eastern specimen, but in combination they characterize western rep-
resentatives of the species and justify their recognition as a geo-
graphical race, or subspecies.

Through the kindness of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee a paratype of this
form from the Inyo Mts., Calif., has been examined.

March. 1919.] McAtee: Berytid.e (Heteroptek.

Neides L -
- P. A. Histoire NatureE _ ■■ -

taces et des Insecres. III. 180.2. p. 246. [Examples: Ge
naeu: - - former later se!

Head with vertex produced into a pointed pr - »ly de-

flexed over front : thorax without spines, the margins and median
line more or less carinate and slightly elevated behind: scutellum
without spine: elytra without spines, clavus and corium si _ 'Unc-
tate ; ostiolar canal gently curved posteriorly, broader toward apex.
which is only slightly tuberculate : beak nearly or quite reaching
middle coxae: underside of head not grooved, but position of beak
marked oft by a heavy line of coarse hair-like pollinosity. which mar-
gins the whole rostral sulcus and spreads more or less over the whole
pectus ; rostral sulcus narrow, faint on prosternum. deep and most
distinct on mesosternum. constricted between and behind middle
coxae, expanding again at posterior border of metasternum : on first
abdominal segment short, shallow and evanescent posteriorly.

Neides muticus 5

Say. Thomas. Descriptions of nev. - 5 of Heteropterous

Hemiptera of North America. Xew Harmony. Ind.. Dec

Complete Writings. Vol. 1. 1S59. p. _;j$. [Northwest Terr:
Xeides gr 5tal, C. Hemiptera Species novas - -

Svenska Fregatren Eugenies Resa Omkrin Jorden. I, Insc
[San Francisco. Calif.]
curvatus Uhler. P. R. X - - Heteroptera in the :

tion of Dr. T. W. Harris. Proc. Bo- - Nat Hist.. XIV, p. 100,

1871. [Dublin, X. H.] Type examined.

To the generic description, it is only necessary to add that this
species is stramineous in general color, with terminal antennal joints,
eyes, underside of thorax, tips of tibiae and tarsi darker, sometimes
black. Length 8-10 mm.

Neides muticus ranges from Quebec and British Columbia south
to Xew Jersey, in the mountains to Georgia, and to Ohio. Kansas.
Arizona and California. A specimen in the National Collection is
labelled Duval Co.. Fla., but this record would seem to need cor-
roboration.

Protacanthus Uhlei
Protacanthus Uhler. P. R. A list of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera ;

the Island of St. Vincent by Mr. Herbert H. Smith : with Descriptions of

88 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

New Genera and Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 707-8, Nov. 21,
1893. [Monobasic, P. decorus n. sp. genotype, p. 708.]

Head rotund, smooth, shining; thorax: anterior margin raised in
a ridge which is produced at each side into a straight nearly upright
spine ; sides and median line low carinate ; humeral angles and end
of median carina slightly prominent ; scutellum with a long, curved
slightly retrorse spine ; elytra entirely hyaline without spines ; ostiolar
canal rather strongly curved posteriorly then anteriorly near apex,
which from above appears as a short, abruptly pointed tubercle. Poor
condition of material prevents descriptions of beak and rostral sulcus.
Protacanthus decorus Uhler.

Protacanthus decorus Uhler, P. R. Citation as under genus, p. 708. [St.

Vincent Id., West Indies.]
Metacanthus capitatus Uhler, P. R. On the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the

Island of Grenada. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 181, March 6, 1894. [Grenada.]
Metacanthus decorus Distant, W. L. Rhynchotal Notes, IX. Heteroptera :

Fam. Coreidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7th Ser.,

Vol. 7, p. 430, May, 1901.

Uhler's description of this species in two different genera in suc-
cessive years is hard to understand. Notwithstanding his later as-
signment of the species to the genus Metacanthus, supported by simi-
lar action by Distant, if we can rely on Fieber's description6 of that
genus, this species does not belong to it. I have been unable to con-
sult the original description of Metacanthus by Costa.7

To the generic description it need only be added that this species
is stramineous in general color, most of the head, and terminal an-
tennal joints being black, and the femora spotted, the tibiae banded
and the tarsi tipped with fuscous to black. Length 4 mm.

Occurs in southern Florida.

Pronotacantha Uhler.

Pronotacantha Uhler, P. R. Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Death Valley Ex-
pedition. N. A. Fauna, No. 7, 1893, p. 260. [Monobasic, P. annul at a
n. sp., pp. 260—1, genotype.]

Head rotund, polished, with a single short, rounded protuberance
or caruncle at middle of vertex; thorax with about 17 strong, curved

r> Fieber, F. X., Die Familie der Berytidese, Wiener Ent. Monats., Ill, No.
7, July, 1859, p. 209. Die europaischen Hemiptera, pp. 213-4, i860.
1 Atti Acad. Napoli, 1S48, p. 258.

March. 1919.] McAtee : Berytid^; (Heteroptera) . 89

spines, the tendency of which is to point away from center ; only 2
on anterior lobe ; front margin of thorax with 7 small ovoid carun-
cles ; scutellum with a very long curved retrorse spine ; entire elytra
hyaline, without spines; ostiole small, on summit of a rounded conical
tubercle ; beak extending between hind coxae ; rostral sulcus distinct
on prosternum, but shallow, broad with swollen margins on meso-
sternum, constricted between middle coxae, expanded on metasternum,
shallow, almost flat ; of same nature on first abdominal segment,
evanescent posteriorly.

Pronotacantha annulata Uhler.

Pronotacantha annulata Uhler, P. R. Citation as under genus, pp. 260—1.
[Argus Mts., Calif. ; Ariz.]

In this species the caruncles and spines are pale, the latter some-
times dark-tipped ; the head is black, also the thorax except for ante-
rior half of posterior lobe; the elytra stramineous hyaline with faint
brownish clouds, and the abdomen stramineous to reddish ; antenna?
and legs copiously brownish annulate (bands over expanded por-
tions broader), terminal joint of former and tarsi mostly blackish.
Length 2.5-4 mm-

Specimens examined are from Williams, Ashfork, Hot Springs,
Flagstaff, Bright Angel, Tuscon, and the Galiuro and Huachucha
Mts., Ariz., from Mesilla Park, N. Mex., Palm Springs, and Argus
Mts.. Calif, (the latter the type).

Sauroccris new genus.

Head with 5 antrorse curved spines along median line, decreasing
in size anteriorly, the foremost projecting horizontally over base of
beak ; knobs and spinules elsewhere, a prominent one behind each
antenna ; low, interrupted carinas behind the above eyes ; tborax with
slender spines on front, lateral margins, and in three lines (one the
median carina) on disk, all antrorsely directed except those on hind
part of posterior lobe which are either erect or retrorse ; mesosternum
greatly swollen, mesothorax in general with only fine punctures, sides
of head and pleurae with few or no spines ; scutellum with a single,
straight, sharp, slender, retrorsely inclined spine; median vein of
clavus and all veins of corium with numerous short, curved retrorse
spines; juncture of marginal and terminal veins of corium far cepha-

90 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

lad of end of abdomen; membrane ample without spines, delicate,
hyaline ; ostiole minute, at apex of short recurved, rather blunt ostio-
lar process; beak somewhat surpassing middle coxae; rostral sulcus
first evident on mesosternum where it is broad, rather shallow and
bounded by the tumid lateral portions of the sclerite, narrowed be-
tween middle coxae, then almost regaining its width on metasternum,
deep, distinctly margined; broader, rather deep and definitely mar-
gined on first abdominal segment; venter with rows of tubercles and
small spines across segments.

Genotype, Saurocoris instans new species.
Saurocoris instans new species.

Structural characters as noted in keys and in description of genus. Gen-
eral color stramineous, some specimens almost wholly so, others with head
except antennal insertions, and region back of ocelli and anterior lobe of
thorax except disk, black ; antennas and legs copiously annulate (bands over
expanded portions broader) with fuscous to black; terminal joint of former
and tarsi black; venter stramineous. Length 3—3 J^ mm.

Nymphs, apparently in the last instar have the antennae and legs marked
as in adults, the general color shining reddish stramineous. The median
series of large spines on head is about as in adult, but remainder of head and
upper surface with numerous round tipped spines, in strong rows across
dorsal surface of abdomen.

Type from California, probably Los Angeles Co., collected by D.
W. Coquillett. Other specimens are from that county, April (nymphs
and adult) ; and Folsom, Calif., July 8, 1885. All in U. S. National
Museum.

Acanthophysa Uhler.
Acanthophysa Uhler, P. R. Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Death Valley Ex-
pedition. N. A. Fauna, No. 7, 1893, p. 261. [Monobasic, A. echinata
n. sp., p. 261, genotype.]

Head with five antrorse curved spines along median line, de-
creasing in size anteriorly, the foremost strongly projecting over
base of beak; tubercles and spinules elsewhere, a prominent one
behind each antenna, and low, continuous carinae both behind and
above eyes; thorax with strong spines on front and lateral margins
and in three lines on disk, the tendency of all the spines being to
project away from the center; mesosternum not at all swollen, meso-
thorax very coarsely punctured; sides of head, basal joint of beak
and pleurae more or less bristly spinose ; scutellum with a long, sharp,

March. 1919.] McAtee: Berytid.e (Heteroptera) . 91

curved spine ; median vein of clavus and all veins of corium beset
with numerous strong, curved retrorse spines; juncture of marginal
and terminal veins of corium almost over end of abdomen; mem-
brane reduced to a narrow strip along inner side of wide, inflated
corium and forming a curved acuminate terminal appendage with
three raised veins; ostiolar process tubular, slightly curved poste-
riorly, obliquely truncate ; venter with many rows of bristled tuber-
cles; beak almost or quite attaining hind coxae; rostral sulcus scarcely
evident on prosternum, deep, in some cases, almost pit-like on meso-
sternum, narrowed between middle coxae, then almost regaining its
anterior width and depth on metasternum, broader and shallower on
first abdominal segment; with distinct raised margin throughout.

Acanthophysa echinata Uhler.

Acanthophysa echinata Uhler, P. R. Citation as under genus. [Argus Mts.
and Los Angeles, Calif.]

General color stramineous, spines more yellowish ; antennae indis-
tinctly brownish annulate, terminal joint black; femora indistinctly
spotted, the enlarged apex covered by a broad fuscous band; tibiae
annulate, tarsi mostly dark. Length 3-4 mm.

Specimens examined are from San Bernardino and Argus Mts.
(the type), Calif., and Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. Mex.

A specimen from Los Angeles Co., Calif., has the elytra propor-
tionally narrower than in the typical form and the membrane a trifle
more developed though retaining the characteristic shape. This
specimen differs from all the others also in having the dark mark-
ings very distinct, resembling in this respect the preceding species.

It is barely possible that Saurocoris instans is the macropterous
state of Acanthophysa echinata, but until this is demonstrated by
field or breeding studies, I prefer to treat the forms as here done.
The present arrangement is justified by the characters of the speci-
mens at hand, and the other course could only be taken by guess.
Risking possible creation of synonyms, which can easily be assigned
to their proper places when the whole truth is known, is better than
publishing misidentifications which once established in the literature
are almost ineradicable.

The true characters of the genus Hoplinus Stal ascertained from
the description of the type species Ncides spinosissiinus Signoret

92 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

(see discussion, pp. 82, 83) indicate that genus to be very closely re-
lated to Acanthophysa and Saurocoris. It is possible that one or
the other [or both as suggested above] may prove to be synonyms of
Hoplinus. The original description of the genotype, although good,
does not give the information necessary to decide the matter. It is
worth pointing out with respect to this possible identity of Chilean
and Californian genera that examples of similar geographic distri-
bution are not lacking. Several species of plants, for instance, are
known to be common to the western coast regions of North and
South America.

COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT COCHRANE, NORTH-
ERN ONTARIO, AUGUST 22-30, 1918, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES.

By Howard Notman,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

cicindelim:.

Cicindcla longilabris Say. 6 specimens.
Cicindcla limbalis Klug. 2 specimens.
Cicindcla tranquebarica Hbst. 52 specimens.
Cicindcla 12-guttata Dej. 24 specimens.

CARABID.E.
Nomarctus bilobus Say. 1 specimen.
Elaphrus ruscarius Say. 1 specimen.
Notiophilus semistriatus Say. 1 specimen.
Dyschirius cvneolus Lee. 6 specimens.
Bembidium nitidum Kby. 14 specimens.
Bembidium concolor Kby. 1 specimen.
Bembidium bimaculatum Kby. 1 specimen.
Bembidinm scopidinum Kby. 53 specimens.
Bembidium grapei Gyll. 37 specimens.
Bembidium lengi n. sp. 1 specimen.
Bembidium nigripes Kby. 47 specimens.
Bembidium versicolor Lee. 24 specimens.

March, 1919.] NOTMAN : CoLEOPTERA FROM ONTARIO. 93

Bcmbidium anguliferum Lee. 2 specimens.
Bembidium mutatum G. & H. 10 specimens.
Tachys nanus Gyll. 6 specimens.
Trechus chalybceus Mann. 3 specimens.
Pterostichus punctatissimus Rand. 3 specimens.
Pterostichus lucublandus Say. 2 specimens.
Pterostichus orinumum Leach. 6 specimens.
Pterostichus luczotii Dej. 37 specimens.
Pterostichus patruelis Dej. 12 specimens.
Amara apricaria Payk. 7 specimens.
Amara fallax Lee. 31 specimens.
Amara erratica Sturm. 17 specimens.
Amara intcrstitialis Dej. 10 specimens.
Amara remote striata Dej. 17 specimens.
Amara subcenca Lee. 33 specimens.
Calathus ingratus Dej. 9 specimens.
Platynus sinuatus Dej. 2 specimens.
Platynus cupripennis Say. 5 specimens.
Platynus bogemanni Gyll. 1 specimen.
Platynus quadripunctatus DeG. 4 specimens.
Platynus picicornis Lee. 1 specimen.
Platynus ruficornis Lee. 1 specimen.
Cymindis cribricollis Dej. 1 specimen.
Miscodera arctica Payk. 7 specimens.
Agonoderus pauperculus Dej. 1 specimen.
Harpalus viridicencus Beauv. 3 specimens.
Anisodactylus baltimorensis Say. 1 specimen.

HALIPLIDyE.
Haliplus borealis Lee. 46 specimens.

DYTISCID^.
Laccophilus inconspicuus Fall. 15 specimens.
Bidessus affinis Say. 26 specimens.
Ca'lambus inccqualis Fabr. 14 specimens.
Coelambus suturalis Lee. 8 specimens.
Ca'lambus imprcssopunctatus Sch. 2 specimens.
Hydroporus morio Sharp. 13 specimens.

94 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvn.

Hydroporus tristis Payk. 14 specimens.
Hydroporus tenebrosns Lee. 2 specimens.
Hydroporus niger Sharp. 2 specimens.
Hydroporus arcticus Thorns. 4 specimens.
Hydroporus stagnalis G. & H. 36 specimens.
Ilybius pleuriticus Lee. 4 specimens.
Agabus seriatus Say. 2 specimens.
Agabus anthracinus Mann. 5 specimens.
Agabus infuscatus Aube. 1 specimen.
Rhantus binotatus Harr. 39 specimens.
Rhantus bistriatus Bergst. 18 specimens.
Colymbetes scidptilis Harr. 2 specimens.
Dytiscus dauricus Gebl. 3 specimens.
Acilius semisulcatus Aube. 14 specimens.

gyrinidje.

Gyrinus picipes Aube. 15 specimens.

HYDROPHILID^.

Helophorus nitidirius Lee. 18 specimens.
Hclophorus linearis Lee. 1 specimen.
Helophorus lineatus Say. 5 specimens.
Helophorus inquinatus Mann. 3 specimens.
Ochthebius foveicollis Lee. 1 specimen.
Hydrccna pennsylvanica Kies. 18 specimens.
Laccobius agilis Rand. 8 specimens.
Philhydrus hamiltoni Horn. 31 specimens.
Cymbiodyta lacustris Lee. 13 specimens.
Hyd robins fuscipes Linn. 1 specimen.
Creniphilus digestus Lee. 17 specimens.
Crcniphilus subcupreus Say. 3 specimens.

silphid^:.

Necrophorus sayi Lap. 1 specimen.
Silpha surinamensis Fabr. 3 specimens.
Choleva luridipennis Mann. 1 specimen.
Cholcva terminans Lee. 1 specimen.
Colon clavatum Makl. 1 specimen.
Colon elongatum n. sp. 1 specimen.

March, 1 9 19-] NOTMAX : CoLEOPTERA FROM ONTARIO. 95

Hydnobius substriatus Lee. 2 specimens.
Anisotoma assimilis Lee. 3 specimens.
Clanibus pubcrulus Lee. 1 specimen.

staphylinim:.

Colpodota aterrima Grav. 1 specimen. (A European species not
hitherto reported from North America.)

Colpodota parva Sahl. 46 specimens.

Atheta virginica Brnh. 13 specimens.

Atheta nigritula Grav. 74 specimens.

Atheta euryptera Steph. 1 specimen.

Aloconota sulcifrons Steph. 1 specimen.

Aleochara bipustulata Linn. 2 specimens.

Oxypoda lividipennis Mann. 5 specimens.

Gyrophccna lobata Csy. 17 specimens.
• Qucdius f ul g id its Fabr. 1 specimen.

Quedius molo'chinus Grav. 6 specimens.

Quedius hypcrboreus Erichs. 1 specimen.

Philonthus lomatus Erich. 1 specimen.

Pliilonthus nigritiilus Grav. 2 specimens.

Xantlwliiuts ccphalus Say. 2 specimens.

Stenits bipunctatus Erich. 19 specimens.

Stenus austini Csy. 1 specimen.

Stains corvus Csy. 2 specimens.

Stenus colonus Erich. 2 specimens.

Stenus obtrusus Csy. 2 specimens.

Stenus hubbardi Csy. 2 specimens.

Eucesthetus amcricanus Erich. 1 specimen.

Lathrobium tenebrosum n. sp. 1 specimen.

Lathrobium lunnile n. sp. 3 specimens.

Scopccus linearis n. sp. 3 specimens.

Tachinus memnonius Grav. 5 specimens.

Tachinus instabilis Makl. 2 specimens.

Tachyporus jocosus Say. 6 specimens.

Conosoma littorcum Linn. 1 specimen.

Mycetoporus lepidus Erichs. 1 specimen.

Geodromicus brunncus Say. 5 specimens.

Olophrum consimilis Gyll. 3 specimens (new to North American
Lists).

96 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Phlceonomus lapponicus Zetter. 3 specimens.
Homalium for amino swm Makl. 1 specimen.
Acrolocha diffusa Fauv. 52 specimens.
Protinus limbatus Makl. 33 specimens.
Megarthras angulicollis Makl. 1 specimen.

trichopterygid;e.

Ptinella queroi Lee. 9 specimens.
Ptenidium ulkei Matth. 2 specimens.

scaphidiim:.

Scaphium castanipes Kby. 1 specimen.
Scaphisoma convcxa Say. 3 specimens.

COCCINELLIDJE.

Anisosticta strigata Thunb. 3 specimens.
Coccinella transversogitttata Fald. 1 specimen.
Coccinella trifasciata Linn. 2 specimens.

histerim:.

Hister lecontei Mars. 1 specimen.

nitidulim:.

Epurcca ornatula n. sp. 1 specimen.
Omosita colon Linn. 16 specimens.
Ips bipunctatus Mels. 2 specimens.

LATHRIDIID^:.

Corticaria valida Fall. 1 specimen.
Corticaria dentigera Lee. 1 specimen.
. Corticaria scrrata Payk. 1 specimen.
Melanophthalma picta Lee. 1 specimen.
Melanophthalma americana Mann. 3 specimens.

byrrhim:.

Simplocaria tcsscllata Lee. 1 specimen.
Porcinolus miirinus Fabr. 1 specimen.

March, ig I9-] NOTMAN : COLEOPTERA FROM ONTARIO. 97

DASCYLLIDyE.

Cyplwn variabilis Thunb. 2 specimens.

ELATERID^E.

Corymbctes virens Schr. i specimen.

LAMPYRIDJE.

Ellychnia corrusca Linn. 7 specimens.

CLERID.E.
Necrobia ziolacea Linn, i specimen.

SCARABvEID^E.

Trie hius affinis Gory. 1 specimen.
Aphodius fimetarius Linn. 1 specimen.

cerambycim:.

Criocephalus agrestis Kby. 1 specimen.
Acmccops proteus Kby. 1 specimen.
Monohammus scutellatus Say. 2 specimens.
Pogonoclicrus mixtits Hald. 1 specimen.

chrysomelid;e.

Calligrapha elegans 01 i v. i specimen.
Gastroidea polygoni Linn, i specimen.
Trirhabda flavolimbata Mann. 9 specimens.
Galerucella decora Say. I specimen.
Hypolampsis pilosa 111. 3 specimens.
Haltica ignita 111. 3 specimens.
Crepidodera robust a Lee. 1 specimen.
Chcctocncma irregularis Lee. 1 specimen.

TEXEBRIONID.E.
U pis ceramboides Linn. 1 specimen.

PYTHID.E.
Salpingus viresceus Lee. 1 specimen.

98 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

CURCULIONID/E.
Or chest cs rufipcs Lee. 17 specimens.
Rhhioncus pyrrhopus Boh. 1 specimen.

Descriptions of New Species.
Bembidium lengi new species.

Form oblong, slightly elongate, feebly convex; color dark nigro-aeneous
tinged with green, shining, the elytra dark brown with a small, indistinct
spot on the third interval about one third from the base, an angulate band
just behind the middle and a subapical area blackish, color paler between
the latter marks forming a more or less distinct pale angulate band one third
from the apex; palpi, basal joint of the antennae and legs reddish brown.
Head and thorax alutaceous, the latter smooth at the middle ; head slightly
wider than the thorax at apex, the latter rather convex, subquadrate, less than
one half wider than long, as wide at base as apex, apex truncate, median line
impressed and slightly dilated, abbreviated before and behind, transverse im-
pressions distinct, basal impressions broad, bistriate, all impressions rugose ;
sides with the margin very narrowly reflexed, arcuate in front and sinuate
behind, hind angles subrectangular, strongly carinate. Elytra distinctly wider
than the thorax, oblong ovate, striae entire, impressed, strongly punctate, more
finely behind the middle ; intervals convex, the third with the first dorsal
puncture about one third from the base, the second two fifths from the apex.
Beneath black shining. Length 4.75-5.5 mm., breadth 1.75-2. 15 mm.; one
male, Cochrane, Ont. ; six males, four females, Ausable Lakes, Essex Co., N. Y.
This species belongs in the group XII variegatum of Mr. Hay-
ward's synopsis and resembles closely B. indistinctum Dej., from
which it may be distinguished by its more strongly convex thorax
with median line impressed and slightly dilated and sides more
strongly arcuate and sinuate and by the impressed and more coarsely
punctured elytral striae. I take pleasure in naming this interesting
species for Mr. C. W. Leng, who has given me much assistance in
the study of beetles.

Colon elongatum new species.

Oblong, slightly elongate, not broader in front, dark piceous brown, head
and thorax darker, feebly shining, rather coarsely but not densely pubescent.
Head rather densely punctured. Antennae slightly passing the middle of the
thorax, basal joints not paler, club rather stout, five-jointed, terminal joint
broadly rounded at tip, but not obtuse. Thorax about one fourth wider than
long, sides arcuate, rather strongly narrowed at one fourth from the base,
base truncate, hind angles obtuse and narrowly rounded, shining, densely
muricate-punctate. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, widest near the middle
somewhat broadly rounded behind, sutural striae fainter near the base, pufic-

March, 1919.] XoTMAX : CoLEOPTERA FROM ONTARIO. 99

■tured like the thorax. Abdomen densely and finely punctured ; metasternum
more sparsely and coarsely. Length 2.4 mm., width 1 mm. (one male).

Mannerheim's description of clavatum requires elytra widest at
the base and thence gradually narrowed to apex. Horn states that
the hind tarsi are filiform in inerme Mann, and compressed in cla-
vatum Mann., a character not given in the original descriptions. He
also states that the hind tarsi are nearly as long as the tibiae in inerme,
but shorter in clavatum. In the specimen listed above as clavatum
and the one described as elongatum, the hind tarsi are equally long
and strongly compressed, but in clavatum they are a third thicker
vertically. In clavatum the thorax is scarcely at all narrowed near
the base and the elytra are widest at the base, the pubescence finer
and the color much paler and more reddish. Inerme Mann, and
clavatum Mann, are the species most closely allied to elongatum.

Lathrobium tenebrosum new species.

Elongate, rather slender, slightly depressed, parallel, dark and uniform
piceous in color throughout, the legs and antennae rufous, surface shining ;
head quadrate, as long as wide, sides scarcely arcuate, hind angles rather nar-
rowly rounded, base truncate, coarsely and sparsely punctured, more finely
and closely behind, gular sutures moderately separated and converging poste-
riorly about one third ; antennae rather short and stout ; second and third
joints one half longer than wide, four to ten subequal as wide as long, much
rounded, last joint as long as the second, acute at apex. Xeck one half the
width of the head : prothorax one third longer than wide, scarcely wider than
the head, very slightly narrowed behind, sides feebly arcuate, angles somewhat
rounded, punctures coarse and deep, median smooth line rather narrow and
entire : elytra scarcely longer than the prothorax on the lateral margin and
scarcely wider at the apex, conjointly rather deeply emarginate. sides diverg-
ing very slightly posteriorly and nearly straight, punctures coarse and indis-
tinct, surface subrngose ; abdomen slightly wider to the fourth segment thence
more strongly narrowed to the apex, punctures minute, dense and subasperate
( one fema

Male. — Unknown.

Female. — The sixth segment strongly lobed, lobe as long as the segment
and at the apex two fifths as wide as the segment, sides strongly converging
posteriorly and tip very obtusely rounded ; fifth segment at middle on poste-
rior margin and lobe at middle just visibly flattened. Length 6.5 mm., width
1 mm.

Close to piccscens Csy.. but differing slightly in the proportions
of the thorax and elytra and in the form of the sixth segment in the
female.

100 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

Lathrobium humile new species.

Elongate, parallel, rather slender, color dark piceous, legs and antennae
rufo-piceous, tarsi and terminal joint of the antennae paler. Head one fourth
longer than wide; eyes small, distant from the hind margin two and one half
times their diameter, sides of head slightly narrowed posteriorly and moder-
ately arcuate, base truncate, hind angles rounded, gular sutures moderately
separated, straight and parallel, gens somewhat convex. Head finely and
indistinctly punctate ; gula impunctate. Antennae about one fourth longer
than the head, joints two— six about one fourth longer than wide, seven— ten
as wide as long, terminal joint longer than wide, acutely pointed; third joint
of maxillary palpi strongly inflated, terminal very small slender and retractile.
Neck one third as wide as the head. Prothorax very slightly narrower than
the head, one half longer than wide, sides parallel, angles strongly rounded ;
more coarsely and distinctly punctate than the head, median smooth line
rather narrow and indefinite, but entire. Elytra as wide as head and as long
as the prothorax, conjointly very slightly emarginate at apex, without epi-
pleural plications, finely, rather sparsely and indistinctly punctate, subrugose.
Abdomen as wide at base as the elytra, slightly wider to the fifth segment,
thence more strongly narrowed to the apex, very finely, densely punctate and
pubescent. Legs rather slender, hind tarsi two thirds the length of the tibiae,
joint one very slightly longer than two, three and four shorter, subequal, five
as long as two, three and four together, front tarsi strongly dilated. Length
3.1 mm., width .4-..S mm. (One male, two females.)

Male. — Sixth segment deeply triangularly emarginate ; emargination one
half the width of the segment, acute and equilateral, outer angles rounded, a
distinct median impression behind the emargination ; fifth segment flattened
at apex and transversely impressed at base ; fourth, third and second segments
with larger foveate impressions, first slightly flattened and foveate at apex.

Female. — Sixth segment broadly rounded at apex.

This species cannot be placed in any of the divisions of Lathrobium
as defined by Casey, but conies nearest to Tctartopcus, from which it
differs in its parallel form and inflated maxillary palpi.

Scopaeus linearis new species.

Elongate, very slender, parallel, piceous-black, legs and antennae rufo-
piceous, tarsi and outer antennal joints paler. Head one third longer than
wide, eyes small, distant three times their diameters from the base, sides
arcuate and narrowed to the base, hind angles nearly obliterated — male ; less
narrowed, angles more distinct — female ; labrum acutely notched at middle,
lobes very obliquely truncate with two long, slender teeth on each ; antennae
nearly as long as the head and prothorax, rather slender; first joint long,
clavate; second slightly elongate and thicker than the following; third as long
as the second ; four-six very slightly elongate ; seven-ten as wide as long ;
last joint slightly longer than wide and acute. Third joint of the maxillary
palpi moderately inflated, last joint very small and retracted, gular sutures

March, 1919.] XoTMAX : CoLEOPTERA FROM ONTARIO. 101

narrowly separated, genae moderately convex ; head rather finely, closely and
somewhat indistinctly punctured above and beneath. Xeck very slender. Pro-
thorax as wide as the head, one fourth longer than wide, oval, all the angles
obliterated, convex, finely and densely punctate and pubescent throughout ;
prosternum rather long in front of the coxae, simple, very shining and impunc-
tate. Elytra one fifth wider than the prothorax and one fourth longer, con-
jointly very slightly emarginate, finely, closely, subrugosely punctate and finely
pubescent throughout. Abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra at base, slightly
wider to the fifth segment, thence more strongly narrowed to the apex ; first
three dorsal segments transversely impressed at base, very finely and densely
punctate and pubescent throughout. Legs slender, tibiae slightly thicker at
apex with outer angles obliquely truncate; tarsi two thirds the length of the
tibiae, first joint longer, two-four subequal about as long as wide, last joint
equal in length to the two preceding. Length 3-3.4 mm., width .4-.S mm.
male, two females).
Male. — Fourth ventral segment faintly impressed at middle ; fifth seg-
ment with two strong teeth at the posterior margin separated by one third the
width of the segment and projecting posteriorly, equal in length to slightly
less than one half the width of the segment: the teeth are arcuate, concave
within, the inner edge continuous with the edges of a triangular impression
on the middle of the segment, the impression is acute at the posterior margin
and deepest at the anterior margin between the bases of the teeth, where the
segment is emarginate ; the depth of the emargination is equal to one third
width of the segment and projecting posteriorly, equal in
length to slightly less than one half the width of the seg-
ment; the teeth are arcuate, concave within, the inner
edge continuous with the edges of a triagular impression
on the middle of the segment, the impression is acute at
the posteriar margin and deepest at the anterior margin
between the bases of the teeth, where the segment is
emarginate ; the depth of the emargination is equal to
one third the width of the segment ; its basal margin is
straight and transverse and bears a short, pointed tooth
on the median line which projects upward and backward
and is slightly bent downward at the extreme tip. The
sixth segment is triangularly emarginate ; the emargina-
tion is as broad as long and equal in depth to one half Ventral abdominal
, ., , r 1 • j 1 segments of 5>co-

the width of the segment; its apex and outer angles are p<gus linearis> male.

rounded; the seventh segment is elongate, acutely tri-
angularly cleft to the base.

Female. — Sixth segment broadly rounded at apex.

This species seems closely allied to 5". brunnipes Lee, but differs
in the form of the abdominal modifications of the male as described
bv Casey.

102 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

Epuraea ornatula new species.

Oblong, slightly elongate, somewhat convex, rufo-testaceous, sparsely
clothed with minute yellowish pubescence, scarcely shining; head closely but
somewhat indistinctly punctured, front convex with distinct impressions. An-
tennas rufo-testaceous, club piceous, third joint twice as long as wide, one
third longer than the fourth, fourth and fifth of equal length, six, seven and
eight shorter. Thorax one half wider than long, narrowed in front, sides
moderately arcuate from apex to one third from the base, thence obliquely
narrowed to the posterior angles which are obtuse, distinct, but finely rounded.
There is a faint sinuation before the angulations at one third and before the
posterior angles. The sides of the prothorax are widely explanate with the
margins narrowly but strongly reflexed, especially at and before the middle;
the anterior margin is strongly emarginate and the angles prominent though
obtuse and rounded ; the punctuation is indistinct. The elytra are scarcely
broader than the prothorax, and twice as long, scarcely wider at the middle,
thence narrowed to the apices which are broadly rounded, side margins rather
widely reflexed ; punctures rather coarse, close and distinct throughout. Un-
derside as coarsely and closely but not so distinctly punctured. Intercoxal
process of the abdomen narrow and triangularly acute. Length 2.25 mm.,
width 1 mm. (one male).

Male. — Additional abdominal segment, middle tibiae faintly sinuate on the
inner edge and strongly dilated at tip.

This species seems distinct from E. boreela Zettr. its closest ally,
by its smaller size, color and form.

REVIEW.

A Revision of the Vespida of the Belgian Congo based on the Collection of
the American Museum Congo Expedition, with a List of Ethiopian Di-
plopterous Wasps. By J. Bequaert. Bulletin of the Amer. Mus. of Nat.
History, 1918, 39: 1-384, vi pi. (2 col.), illust.

Abundantly qualified, by reason of several years' field experience
in the Belgian Congo and other parts of Africa, a portion of that
time in association with Messrs. Lang and Chapin in the expedition
referred to in the title, as well as by an intimate knowledge of the
diplopterous wasps, Dr. Joseph Bequaert has published a memoir,
which, not by reason of its subject matter or its comprehensiveness,
but rather by the masterly way in which that subject matter is dealt
with, and by the keen taxonomic perception and sound judgment
which that treatment manifests, raises its author indubitably to the
very front rank of this world hymenopterists. Indeed, it sets a taxo-

March, 1919.] Review. 103

nomic standard for this order which has been undeniably equalled by
myrmecologists, but rarely by the students of other families, except
possibly by one to whom, by reason of his nationality, it is at present
a less pleasant duty to pay tribute, the late Franz Friederick Kohl.

The subject matter is more comprehensive than the title of the
memoir would imply. Xot only in its characteristics as a whole, but
genus by genus the Ethiopian fauna is placed in relation to that of
other regions, especially as regards the structural characteristics of
the African species. The elaboration of excellent structural char-
acteristics for the separation of the species of the various genera of
the Belgian Congo will doubtless be a stimulus and a great help to
similar work in other regions. The ethology of these wasps, embrac-
ing as they do both solitary and social as well as transitional forms,
is of a great deal of interest, and Dr. Bequaert not only makes note-
worthy contributions to this field, but summarises in connection with
each group what -is already known.

The general features of the taxonomy mark a decided step in
advance in the classification of these wasps, and are in distinct con-
trast to the somewhat slovenly and ill-digested classifications of Ash-
mead and Dalle Torre. Dr. Bequaert includes in his family Vespidse
not only the social wasps, but also those solitary and semi-solitary
species more often classed as Eumenidse and Masaridae. None of
the latter come within the Belgian Congo and consequently there is
not much said about them. The remaining Vespidse he divides into
eight subfamilies, the extent, distribution characters and ethology of
which are expressed in the adjoining table, which I have thought it
worth while to draw up from the facts as he states them.

The Raphiglossinae are a small group transitional between the
masarid groups and the diploptera. They are undoubtedly the most
generalized of the families tabulated. Dr. Bequaert suggests that
Gayella may not belong with this group, and in this I am confident
that he is correct. The Zethinse and Eumeninae, comprising most of
the old family Eumenidae, together contain 75 per cent, of the species
and 50 per cent, of the genera of the world of these eight subfamilies.
They are both composed of solitary wasps, but each contain species
exhibiting development toward social or at least communistic life.

The Stenogastrinse are a connecting link between the solitary and

104 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvn.

the social wasps. They are paper wasps, making open combs, with
some of the species solitary, others social.

The remaining subfamilies are the true social wasps, the largest
and far the most diversified generically being the Epiponinse, a trop-
ical group, best developed in South America. The Ropalidiinae are
confined to the tropics of the old world. The Polistinae, comprising
almost exclusively species of the genus Polistes, are cosmopolitan.
The Vespinae, belonging almost entirely to the genus Vespa, are ab-
sent from the neotropical, and except for an invading oriental species
and a dubious east coast form are also absent from the Ethiopian.
The last subfamily, most highly developed of all from an etiological
standpoint, is sharply differentiated from the rest morphologically by
the absence of an anal lobe in the hind wing, and by the incised anal
area thereof, making the wing almost stalked.

Compared with other tropical regions, and especially the Neo-
tropical, Dr. Bequaert finds the Vespid fauna of the Ethiopian region
meager. Especially is this true of the social wasps. As the latter
are of the greatest interest to entomologists in general, it may be
worth while to summarise his account of those groups in Africa.

Omitting the genus Vespa, which is hardly an intrinsic part, the
Ethiopian fauna contains only four genera of social Vespidse, belong-
ing to three subfamilies.

Bclonogaster (Epiponinse), with its thirty-five African species, is
second largest of these genera, and is almost exclusively Ethiopian.
A nest of wasps of this genus, an open comb of a single layer, is
shown by well reproduced photographs. Mr. Lang's description of
the process of nest building is of interest : " The building of the cells
is done by means of the front legs and the mandibles. The vegetable
fibers are mixed with saliva and kneeded between the mandibles ;
from time to time the paste is rolled between the front legs. This
process goes on until the fiber paste is of a uniform, soft consistency;
then the wasp applies the paper to the cells and models it into the
right position and shape, going over it and over it again with the
mandibles. The adults touch the young with their legs, whereupon
the latter at once extend their heads to receive food; at the same time
they secrete from the mouth a fluid which is absorbed by the adult
wasps." This last observation is of interest in connection with the

March. 1919.] Review. 105

theory recently advanced by Dr. Wheeler1 and by E. Roubaud2 to
the effect that the origin of social habits of insects may be traced to
the secretion by the larvae of fluids eagerly sought after by the adults.
Dr. Bequaert questions whether the conditions of social life of Be-
lonogastcr, the absence of true workers, etc., are very primitive, as
thought by Roubaud, or are degenerate. A curious and interesting
habit of these wasps is that of gnawing away discarded portions of
the nest and reutilizing the material to build new parts.

Polybioidcs (Epiponinse), of which there are two species, are the
only African wasps that enclose their comb in an outer paper en-
velope. The comb is vertical, several parallel layers hanging within
the envelope. These are the only Vespidse that normally utilize both
sides of the comb to build cells, as does the honey-bee. The nests
of both species are illustrated by excellent photographs. These wasps
are very bellicose, and are uncomfortably prominent features of the
Congo region. The nests may reach three feet in length.

The Ropalidiinse are represented by the genus Ropalidia [=.Icaria]
which, with its forty-one species, is the largest of the four genera in
Africa. However, only twelve of these inhabit the mainland, the
others being found in Madagascar. It builds open combs resembling
those of Polistes. Some of the species are very common. These
three genera are all restricted to the Ethiopian and Oriental, or in
the case of Ropalidia also Australian regions. The fourth genus of
social wasps is the cosmopolitan Polistes, which is well represented.

The large number of species of subfamily Eumeninse (1,900 from
all regions) form a dominant, plastic group, and, like all such groups
which are undergoing active evolution at present, are peculiarly diffi-
cult to deal with taxonomically. Dr. Bequaert's discussion of the
characters and variation within this group, and his arrangement, for
comparison, of the species of Odynerus and Synagris in color groups
are illuminating.

The exclusively African genus Synagris is one of the largest,
most common, and by reason of their large size and brilliant color,

1 A Study of some Ant Larvae, with a Consideration of the Origin and
Meaning of the Social Habit among Insects. By William Morton Wheeler.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 19 18, 57: 293-343.

2 Recherches biologiques sur les guepes solitaires et sociales d'Afrique.
Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool., 1916 (10), 1: 1-160.

106

Tournal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

Table to the Subfamilies of Vespin^ (Except

V

a

6

0

6

'u
u
a

en

0

o

z

No. of Species.

Solitary or Social'.'

Monogynous or
Polygynous?

CO

u

0
0

V

0

=

55

-J%

Subfamily.

0

Cl,

s
a
'S.
0

W

•0 .

0 c
- _rt

6^

'E.
0

0

2 y u

■sgt

Raphiglossina;

4

14

8

4

—

-

2

Solitary.

—

2

—

1

Zethinre

i i

217

4

27

36

2

157

Solitary,
tendency
toward
commun-
ism.

—

2

2

Eumeninre . . .

22

1,900

337

338

513

223

488

Solitary,
progres-
sion to-
ward so-
cial

2

2

Stenogastrince

I

30

3°

Solitary or
social.

?

?

Open
comb.

2

Epiponinae . . .

22

170

—

37

10

2

122

Social.

Monogy-
nous,
polygy-
nous.

2

or

3

Open or
enclosed
comb.

2

Rhopalidiinoe.

3

132

—

41

9i

—

—

Social.

Often
polygy-
nous.

—

Single
open
comb.

2

Polistinse ....

2

153

6

21

64

is

51

Social.

Usually
mono-
gynous.

3

Single
open
comb.

2

Vespinse

2

53

16

(2)

3°

13

Social.

Monogy-
nous.

3

Multiple
enclosed
comb.

2

the most striking of African solitary diploptera. The author shows
that certain of the segments of the palpi are ordinarily shed with the
pupal envelopes. Synagris cornuta has normally very large horn-
like growths on the mandibles of the male, but series show all stages
of reduction to mere tubercles. One of the two excellent colored
plates shows eight named color-varieties of this species.

March, 1919.] REVIEW.

Masarix.e and Euparaginje) According to Dr. Bequaekt.

107

.

«_£ id

-^

~v

i

1~£

- 8:3

2

i

0 \J
nJ _

u

■3

of A
is on
die T

ila K
Extei
leof
men.

V

a.

■3

6 a~°

U

< 1

r.
'—

*£'■£

— -J i.

Pres- Irregu- Bifid.

I or 2.

Rounded, truncate,

Short and broad; closing

ent. lar un-

emarginate.

beneath the clypeus;

equal.

apices toothed.

Pres- Irregu-

Bifid.

I or 2 .

Rounded, truncate,

Short, obliquely trun-

ent. lar un-

emarginate.

cate; folding under the

equal.

clypeus; apices
toothed.

Pres- Irregu-

Bifid,

I, rare-

Rounded, truncate,

Elongate, crossing in

ent. lar un-

toothed

ly 2 or

emarginate, rarely

an X or parallel; clos-

equal.

or
rarely

simple.

0.

pointed.

ing over tip of clypeus.

Pres- Large

Toohed.

2.

Projecting in

SleDder, often elon-

ent. rectan-

rounded or sharp

gate, toothed on inner

gular,

point.

margin in 9 > or >n cf

equal.

and 9 .

Pres- Irregu- Simple.

2, rare-

Oval.

As long as broad;

Short and broad; apical

ent. lar un-

lyi.

apex pointed orbi-

margin truncate and

equal.

dentate; rarely
longer than broad
and truncate.

toothed; folding over
each other under
clypeus.

Pres- Irregu-

Simple.

2.

Narrowly

Broader than long ;

Short and broad; apex

ent. lar un-

com-

feebly pointed or

truncate and sharply

equal.

pressed.

rounded.

toothed; folding over
each other under tip of
clypeus.

Pres- Irregu-

Simple.

2.

Narrow

Ending in a point,

Short, quadrate; apices

ent. lar un-

and

rounded or trun-

truncate and sharply

equal.

much
com -
pressed.

cate.

toothed; folding over
each other beneath the
clypeus.

Ab- Irregu-

Simple.

2.

Truncate at apex

Short, broad, apex trun-

sent. lar un-

which is feebly

cate and sharply

equal.

1

emarginate or ends
on 2 lateral teeth.

toothed; closing over
each other beneath
clypeus.

The author describes an elaborate mite-chamber at the base of
the second dorsal segment of Nortonia bisuturalis, and in connection
therewith he gives an account of mite-chambers in Hymenoptera in
general, recounting amongst others, two or three North American
species in which he has observed them.

Numerous excellent text-figures of anatomical parts, by the au-
thor, and maps of distribution add to the value of the work.

108 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVo1- xxvu.

The paper closes with a full reference catalogue of the species of
Vespicte of the entire Ethiopian region. — J. Chester Bradley.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Tibicen inauditus. — This cicada was described and figured in the
Journal of the N. Y. Entomological Society for December, 1917,
from the type and two other males collected west of Vega, Oldham
County, Texas, July 15, 1917. Miss Mildred McGill has sent me a
fourth male collected in the same county at Tascosa, Texas, June 25,
1918.— W. T. Davis.

Dorcasta obtusa. — This beetle is described by Henry W. Bates in
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, V, p. 372, from Cerro de
Plumas, Mexico (Hoge), and Mirandilla, Guatemala (Champion).
The insect is figured on Tab. 23 (Coleoptera), fig. 1. On May I',
1912, the writer collected a single example of this species at South
Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, which appears to be the first speci-
men known from the United States, and, according to Mr. Leng's
recollection of an unnamed specimen in the Gundlach collection in
Havana, occurs also in Cuba. In Mexico, Central America, and
South America there are a number of other species belonging to the
genus. — Wm. T. Davis.

The Males of the Roach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis. — In his excel-
lent paper on the Blattidse of North America Mr. Morgan Hebard
has this to say concerning desirable field work and the Surinam cock-
roach as found in North America : " To find if this insect is parthe-
nogenetic in America ; nearly four hundred females have been re-
corded from this continent, but no males." On page 196 he states
further: " In addition to the large series from the United States, we
have examined nearly two hundred specimens of this species, chiefly
from the West Indies and Mexico, without finding a single male,
adult or immature, from the American continent." He further quotes
from Brunner, who had males from the East Indies, but " states that
not a single male was present in his series of over forty specimens
from tropical America."

March. 1919.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 109

After reading these statements I carefully examined my own col-
lection and found that the sixty-six adults collected at La Grange,
Miami, Key West, Everglade, Mt. Myers and Punta Gorda, Florida,
were in every case females, as were also two from Guantanamo in
Cuba. However, among seven adults collected in the Reptile House
of the New York Zoological Society on January 12, 1914, I discov-
ered a single male, easily told by its smaller body and longer cerci.
These roaches, together with many Pcriplancta americana, were
found among the straw in the winter quarters of the giant land
turtles.

It is well known that among some of our native roaches the fe-
males long outlive the males, and it is quite possible that the males of
the Surinam roach occur in very early spring in southern Florida. —
Wm. T. Davis.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of December 3.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8: 15 P.M., December 3, 191 8, in the American Museum of Natural History;
President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with eighteen members and three visi-
tors present, including Prof. O. P. Medsger, of the Torrey Botanical Club.

Mr. L. B. Reyonlds, 11 Ellsworth Ave.. Brockton, Mass., and Sergt. W. B.
Richardson, Richmond, Va., were elected active members.

Mr. Davis spoke with regret of the death of Frederick Knab, reading
some extracts from a letter of his executor, A. N. Caudell, relative to the
dispersal of his ashes by wind in the woods.

Mr. Dickerson read for Mr. Weiss a paper on " Some Beetles from Rose
Mallow," illustrated by specimens of the beetles and their work in the plant
and as far as possible by larvae and pupae. The paper will be printed under
the joint authorship of Messrs. Weiss and Dickerson.

Mr. Leng spoke of the dubious identity of Chcrtocnema they had found
on the leaves, probably a variety of quadricollis Sz. described from Florida.

Mr. Shoemaker exhibited a large number of " Lepidoptera from Slide
Mountain," saying that he had visited the locality for the last three years and
mentioning many of the valuable captures he had made at sugar ; also the
Cychrus viduus found in the same way.

Mr. Davis exhibited six boxes of Lepidoptera captured while with Mr.
Shoemaker in June and with Dr. Bequaert and Mr. Engelhardt in September
and a number of photographs of the locality. He read from his journal

110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvir.

notes made at the time, which showed how he and Mr. Shoemaker had sugared
until midnight. The moths that were so plentiful in June were nearly absent
in September, but more butterflies were found, often attracted by urine on
the road. Mr. Davis noted that of the June noctuids many were in the first
part of the list, the September species coming later in the list as well as in
the season ; and spoke also of the generic changes in Lepidoptera due to
proper recognition of Hiibner's names. He closed by suggesting a correction
in Lovell's book, " The Flower and the Bee," where it is said that lilies with
inverted blossoms are not fertilized by Lepidoptera, based upon specimens of
Papilio he exhibited with their wings heavily coated with pollen of Lilium
superbum. These had been caught by Mr. Burns on Staten Island and by
himself at Yaphank.

Mr. Woodruff spoke of the abundance and tameness of the deer near
Fancher's, where he had met Messrs. Davis and Engelhardt, also of the bear
and other animals.

Mr. Engelhardt spoke of the great difference in the summits of the vari-
ous Catskill Mountains.

Mr. Medsger, director of nature study in boys' camps in the Catskills,
who was present as a visitor, also exhibited Lepidoptera caught in his tent
during July and August, and spoke of meeting Mr. Dow and of the botany
of the Catskills, describing particularly the deep moss to be found on the steep
face of Slide, Wittenberg and Cornell Mts. The last, reached conveniently
from Woodland, Ulster Co., N. Y., was especially recommended on account
of the stand of virgin red spruce on the summit.

Mr. Mutchler exhibited a series of Sobants poggei Harold, an African
prionide collected by Lang & Chapin, commenting upon the exceptional char-
acter of its red bands, the subfamily to which it belongs being generally devoid
of brilliant colors.

Meeting of December 17.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8: 15 P.M., December 17, 191S, in the American Museum of Natural History,
Mr. Wm. T. Davis, chairman pro tern., with twenty members and three visi-
tors present.

A letter from Lieut. W. J. Chamberlin, 91st Aero Squadron, France, was
read.

Dr. Lutz read a " Review of Comstock's System of Wing Venation," illus-
trated by blackboard sketches, in which the development of a uniform termi-
nology, the studies of various authors in the wings of nymphs and pupae as
well as adults and the relation between the tracheation and venation were
explained. The primitive type of wing was sketched and the process of
evolution stated. In conclusion Dr. Lutz expressed his admiration of the
result from the point of view of comparative anatomy, but doubted its imme-
diate universal acceptance as a taxonomic system on account of the neces-
sarily cumbersome formulae it involved in designating the wings of highly spe-
cialized insects.

March. 1919.] Proceedings of the Society. Ill

His remarks were discussed by Messrs. Olsen, Halinan, Davis and Engel-
hardt.

Mr. Weiss read a paper on " Lepidopterous Insects found on Hibiscus,"
which will be printed in full. The adults, larva? and work of each species
were shown.

Mr. Doll, present as a visitor, spoke of the larvae of Acontia delecta as
very abundant at Arlington, N. J., but heavily parasitized ; and of the method
employed by his friend, Mr. Rummel, to collect larvse of Apantlicsis by heap-
ing together boards, etc., as traps.

Mr. Engelhardt said he believed the larvae of Acontia delecta were noc-
turnal feeders, because though seldom seen on bright days, they were numer-
ous in the same locality when the day became overcast.

Mr. Dickerson read a paper on " Miscellaneous Insects found on Hibis-
cus," covering the galls, plant lice, leaf hoppers, beetles, bees and ants found
on the plant during the long period he and Mr. Weiss had it under observa-
tion. His illustration included the specimens they had caught.

Dr. Lutz expressed his admiration of the work of Messrs. Weiss and
Dickerson on hibiscus insects and his appreciation of the value of special
work of such character.

Mr. Olsen spoke of Dr. Brittain's leaf-hopper papers and Mr. Davis ex-
hibited Dr. Felt's " Key to American Insect Galls " in connection with Mr.
Dickerson's paper.

Mr. Jones exhibited five boxes of Lepidoptera that he had collected during
the year, giving a brief account of his journey through southern Arizona in
April and California in May, June and July, ending with a trip to Alaska
and homeward journey through the Canadian Rocky Mountains. He said that
butterflies were so plentiful in Plumas County, Calif., where he stayed two
months to study pitcher plant fauna, that he caught sixty species in the first
two weeks and eighty species in all. The case-bearing moths captured were
of great interest because all were rare in collections and several previously
known by unique examples. Mr. Jones showed also examples of Pamassius
taken at 7,000 ft. elevation, where they were abundant, and many photographs.

Mr. Davis commented on the beautiful exhibit of rare butterflies and
upon Mr. Jones having also taken the time to catch cicadas for him.

Mr. Engelhardt presented a photograph of the home of Dr. Fenyes and
suggested the propriety of obtaining a portrait of that distinguished coleop-
terist.

Meeting of January 7.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8
P.M.. January 7, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi-
dent T.. ]',. Woodruff in the chair, with twenty members and five visitors
present.

The curator reported that work on the Local Collection had progressed
in Homoptera. thanks to Mr. Olsen.

Mr. Hall, under the title " Miscellaneous Notes on Maine Butterflies,"

112 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

exhibited specimens he had taken at West Baldwin and Mt. Desert, Maine,
and commented on their distribution, etc. Among the species shown were
Fenesica tarquinius, Debis portlandia, very abundant at West Baldwin. Grapta
J-album, Blygonia comma, Arcyanis alope, of which the nephele form was rare
at West Baldwin, but more common with a complete set of intermediate forms
at Mt. Desert. Thecla calamis and edzcardsi, Eurymus philodice and interior
(with its form laurentica) Argynnis atlantis. He called attention also to the
fact that all the specimens were set on flat boards. His remarks were dis-
cussed by Mr. Davis, who recalled finding Fenesica tarquinius common at
Wingina, Va. ; Mr. Woodruff, who found it along alder-lined streams, and
Mr. Engelhardt, who spoke of a colony in Prospect Park, on alders infested
by cottony scale. He said he had found the pupae in crevices of the bark or
among the fallen leaves, their presence being indicated by the ragged appear-
ance of the eaten scale.

In reference to mounting on flat boards, Mr. Davis recalled the success
Mr. Pearsall had in mounting geometers in that way.

In reference to Debis portlandia, Mr. Notman spoke of its habit of flying
indoors in the Adirondacks, and several members gave their experience in
finding it a shade-loving butterfly.

Mr. H. B. Weiss read a paper on " Life History and Early Stages of
Brachys, ovata and ccrosa," illustrated by leaves showing its feeding and larval
cells; also by specimens of larvae and adults. This paper will be printed as
joint product of Weiss and Nicolay.

Mr. Davis spoke of Brachys on turkey oak in Florida, which pupated in
the leaf and of Mr. Manee's mention of the rattling noise caused by the insect
moving within the cell in North Carolina, which he also had heard in Florida.
Subsequent to the meeting, the following references to the records of the
rattling noise made by Brachys larvae or pupae in oak leaves were found, viz. :
Leng, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XX, 1912, p. 193; Davis, Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, XX, 1912, p. 305; op. cit., XXII, 1914, p 267. A reexamination of the
specimen which pupated within the leaf showed it to be B. tessellata Fab.,
placed heretofore as a variety of B. ovata, but possibly a distinct species. It
should also be said that it is B. tessellata that is common at Southern Pine,
N. C, where Mr. Manee's observations were made.

Mr. Groth recalled the meeting at Mrs. Slosson's house when the Journal
was started and the changes that had taken place in the Society since. After
serving the Society as treasurer and president, other duties had prevented his
recent regular attendance, but his interest was not lessened and found ex-
pression in training boy scouts in entomology.

Mr. Engelhardt said that eye troubles prevented Mr. Doll speaking on
" Raising Larva in Utah," but having been Mr. Doll's companion he could
testify to his industry in that direction and success under trying conditions,
which including carrying the breeding cages on horseback. It was difficult
to find larvae in the desert regions of LTtah, but two specimens of Clisio-
campa, shown to be different by breeding, a few Sphingids and Catocalas,

March, 1919] Proceedings of the Society. 113

Morumba modesta form occidcntalis, hatched after their return and M elite a
minuta were among his successful efforts.

Mrs. E. Robertson Miller, present as a visitor, spoke of the pleasure she
found in interesting children in outdoor things and the good entomologists
that resulted. Her book on water insects had been delayed by her serious
auto accident, but she hoped would soon be printed to tell of the pleasures of
watching their growth hour by hour.

Mr. Halinan exhibited several boxes of insects from Tofo, Chile, and
remarked upon their similarity to what we get here in semi-arid country.
From the Guaymas River in Ecuador to 260 S. Lat. there is no vegetation
except where small rivers fed by melting snow or springs cause an oasis. It
was in such an oasis that he made most of his captures.

Mr. Notman exhibited a specimen of Harpalus fulvilabris Mann, found
at 2,900 feet elevation in the Adirondacks and remarked upon its rarity and
the two ocellate subsutural punctures on each elytron, one fifth from apex.

Dr. Bequaert exhibited three rare insects acquired during his visit to
Boston.

Mr. Davis exhibited Dorcasta obtusa Bates, of which he had taken a
specimen May i, 1912, at South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla. This long-horn
is new to our fauna ; it is known from Mexico and Central America.

Mr. Davis also exhibited specimens of Tibicen inauditus and Pycno-
scehis surinamensis ; his remarks in reference thereto will be found in Mis-
cellaneous Notes.

Meeting of January 21.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at 8
P.M., January 21, 191 9, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi-
dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with fourteen members and three visitors
present.

The curator reported donations to the Local Collection by Mr. Weiss.

Mr. Antoine M. Gaudin, 29 West 91st St., New York City, and Mr. Hiram
V. Lawrence, 599 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y., were elected active members.

Letters from Lieut. W. J. Chamberlin and Dr. A. Fenyes were read. Mr.
Woodruff opened the " Symposium on Legs of Insects " by reading a paper
on the legs of dragon flies. Discussion by Messrs. Weiss, Davis, Schaeffer,
Bequaert and Notman followed, bringing out the fact that the front legs
assist to some extent in capturing prey.

Mr. Leng head a paper on legs of beetles, which was discussed by Dr.
Bequaert and Messrs. Schaeffer and Olsen.

Mr. Notman read a paper on legs of Carabidae, devoted to interesting
details of neglected features.

Mr. Davis read a paper on legs of Orthoptera, illustrated by specimens,
which was discussed by Dr. Bequaert, who pointed out that the elongate coxae
were found also in the raptorial legs of Diptera ; and that the exceptional
characters of aquatic Gryllidae were noteworthy.

Owing to the late hour, the remainder of the papers were postponed to
the meeting of February 18.

114 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil

Mr. W. P. Van Duzee, present as a visitor, spoke of the ornamented tibia
and tarsus in the dipterous genus Dolichopits, where the femora are always a
little flatened and usually clothed with black hair ; if, however, the femora are
in large part yellow, the hairs also are yellow. In some species the lower
edge is glabrous and the lower row of hairs elongate, like a black fringe. In
one species there is a bristle on hind femora near tip, with the usual hairs
omitted in a glabrous space following.

Mr. E. A. Chapin, also present as a visitor, spoke of the legs of fleas,
which he said exhibited great similarity, though the tibial bristles, sometimes
longer than the tarsus, the very large coxa (longer than femur), the method
of attachment in the high trochanter, and other peculiarities were of interest.

Meeting of February 4.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at S
P.M. February 4, 19 19, in the American Museum of Natural History, Presi-
dent L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with nineteen members and Prof. H. C.
Fall present as a visitor.

Letters from Mr. Dow were read by Messrs. Leng and Davis.

Mr. Woodruff read a paper, " Fall Notes on Alabama Butterflies," illus-
trated by four boxes of specimens.

Messrs. Davis, Lutz and Shoemaker corroborated his statements in regard
to migration of Catopsilia eubule and recalled the communications of Mr.
Shannon on migration.

Dr. Bequaert read a " Review of Rau's ' Wasp Stories Afield,' " praising
highly their care in obtaining correct identifications, patience in lengthened
observation and conciseness while with Col. Robinson at Wingina, Va., as an
instance of wasps going to a distance for suitable pebbles to use as pounding
tool.

Dr. Lutz recalled Dr. Williston's early notice of wasp's use of tool. Dr.
Lutz exhibited casts of burrows of tiger beetle and wasp made by Mr. Wunder
under his direction and pointed out the advantages of the method. Two
methods were used: (1) The earth around the burrow was hardened by pour-
ing glue or shellac down the hole; the burrow was then dug out; (2) an exca-
vation was made in such a way that a cross section of the burrow was exposed
on one face of the excavation ; a plaster cast was then made of that face.
This plaster cast could be used as an accurate note concerning the burrow,
or, using it as a mold, it is frequently possible to get a plaster reproduction
of the cross section of the burrow. Of these two methods, the second is the
better.

Dr. Lutz also exhibited winged ant clinging to leg of the Microbembex that
had captured it as an instance of the latter using live as well as dead insects.

Mr. Watson read a paper on " The Egg of Polites cernes Boisd. & Lee,"
illustrated by blackboard drawings.

Mr. Davis read a paper on a remarkable nest of Vespa maculata and the
number of queens of Polistes that sometimes combine their efforts in nest
building.

March, 1919.] Proceedings of the Society. 115

All the papers referred to will be printed elsewhere.

Prof. H. C. Fall, present as a visitor, spoke of the entomologists of the
Pacific Coast and of his work in progress on the genus Gyrinus, especially in
regard to the number of species that are sometimes associated in a single
school.

Mr. Xicolay spoke of his six months' experience as a member of the
American Expeditionary Force in France. His being stationed for a time at
Bligny on billet duty had permitted of his making some collections of French
Carabidae.

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 P. M., in the American Museum of
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, S3. 00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers for the Year 19 19.

President, L. B, WOODRUFF 14 East 68th Street, New York.

Vice-President, JOHN D. SHERMAN, Jr. . . 24 Claremont Ave., Mount Vernon,

New York

Secretary, CHAS. W. LEN(J 33 Murray St., New York.

Treasurer, WM. T. DAVIS 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton

Staten Island, N. Y.

Librarian, FRANK E. WATSON American Museum of Natural History,

New York.

Curator, A J. MUTCHLER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

R. P. Dow; Geo. P. Engei.hardt, H. B. Wi -.iss.

E. Shoemaker. H. Notman.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

F. E. Lutz, W. P. ComstocK; John D. Sherman Jr..

Chas. Schaeffer.

a uviting committee.

G. W. J. Angell, H, B. Wiegmann, H. Notman

EI ELD COMMITTEE.

A. S. Nicolay, Jos. Beouakrt.

DELEGATE TO THE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

William T. Davis.

vJOUTRlST JLL.

OF THE

31 eta H#rU WntcrmixLttgijcad §*&TC%*ig+

Published quarterly by the Society, at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster
Pa, j and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
should be sent to the Publication Committee, New York Entomological
Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York City; all
subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wra. T. Davis, 146 Stuyvesant Place, New
Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books and pamphlets to the
librarian. Frank E. Watson, American Museum of Natural History,
New York City. Terms for subscription, £2.00 per year, stiictly in ad
ance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
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notice is sent to the Publication Committee before the page proof has
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40 for each reprint of a 1 to 4 pp. article.

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140 " " " " 29 v 32 "

One cent additional for each half-tone print. Covers on same paper
as the Journal, with printed title page, $1.50 for 50 covers, and 2 cents
for each additional cover.

Vol. XXVII. i

Nos. 2 and 3.

J OU RNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H>ev>oteo to Entomoloas in General.

JUNE, SEPTEMBER, 1919.

Edited by CHARLES SCHAEFFER

Publication Committee.

F. E Lutz.

W. P. COMSTOCK.

John D. Sherman, Jk.
Charles Schaeffer.

Riaolislneci Quarterly by trie Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1919.

[Entered April at, 1904,31 Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter under Act ol Congress ol July 16, 1894.]

THE NEW ERA PRINT

CONTENTS

Notes on the Plusiinae, with Descriptions of New Species and Races. By

RoDRIGUES OTTOLENGUI 117

Idiocerus Cognatus Fieb., Established in North America. By Chris. E. Olsen ia6
Notes on the Early Stages and Life History of Idiocerus Cognatus Fieb. in

New Jersey. By Edgar L. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss 129

Records and Descriptions of Neotropical Crane-flies, I. By Charles P.

Alexander .... 132

Observations on the Egg-laying of the Caddice-fly Brachycentrus Nigrisoma

Banks and on the Habits of the Young Larvae. By Helen E. Murphy . 154
Fall Notes on Some Alabama Butterflies. By Lewis B. Woodruff .... 159
Notes on the North American Species of Hippodamia. By P. H. Timberlake 162
On the Genus Rhodosiella C. F. Adams. By M. Bezzi .....••... 174
Cicadas of the Genera Okanagana, Tibicinoides and Okanagodes, with Descrip-
tions of Several New Species. By Wm. T. Davis . . 179

New Species of Serica, II. I!y R. W. Dawson 223

Records and New Species of Carabidse. By Howard Notman 225

Edward Doubleday Harris. By Charles W. Leng 237

Miscellaneous Notes . . 241

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 24a

LI

JOURNAL

Pffo ]9npk €SnforaoIogiral #orirfg.

Vol. XXVII. June-September, 1919. Nbs. 3 and 4

NOTES ON THE PLUSIIN^, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES AND RACES.

By Rodrigues Ottolexgui,
New York City.

In 1902 it was my privilege to publish a brief monograph of this
group, accompanied by illustrations of fifty-eight species.1 These
illustrations were half tone reproductions from photographs of the
insects themselves. None but those that have tried to do this, know
how difficult and how unsatisfactory it is, if one aims to produce per-
fect results. In the hope of having the wings in perfect focus, the
specimens were freshly mounted shortly before photographing. To
avoid shadows, tiny bits of cork were pasted on glass and the speci-
mens pinned in place, the transparent glass thus avoiding a back-
ground that would receive shadows. The photographs were good, but
far from perfect, and when the half tone plates were made, and then
printed the results left much to be desired, I myself finding it diffi-
cult to determine some closely allied species from the illustrations
alone. It has not surprised me therefore to find some of the species
then described as new, and figured, still proving to be confusing to
even good entomologists.

During the past five years, therefore. I have been engaged in pre-

1 See JOL'RNAL OF THE NEW YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Yol. X, pp.
56--/.

117

f

118 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

paring data and illustrations for a new and more complete mono-
graph. It has been, and still is, my hope to publish a complete set of
figures in color, of all the species indigenous to Boreal North
America.

That this work might be complete I obtained through the courtesy
of Sir George Hampson, and with the assistance of his artist, color
drawings of the thirty-six types in the British Museum collection.
Since then I have had similar color drawings made for me by Mrs.
Beutenmuller, of all species in my own collection, and of several
types to be found in museum collections, and at present I have figures
of nearly every North American species ; indeed we have two or even
three figures of several species which vary considerably.

Recently I have obtained estimates for the reproduction of those
extremely interesting and accurate drawings, by the four color
process, but the prices asked at this time are prohibitive, and conse-
quently I must forego, at least for the present, the satisfaction of
publishing in color.

During the past five years however I have had the kindly assist-
ance of several ardent collectors, who have obtained for me several
new species or forms, and have courteously granted me the privilege
of retaining primary types. To these gentlemen I have returned
paratype specimens and it is to authenticate these names, already
distributed in various collections, that I have concluded to publish
at this time, at least enough in the way of descriptions to satisfy the
rules. To this end I present herewith a half-tone plate, made from
Mrs. Beutenmuller's colored drawings, and will now append suffi-
cient descriptions so that, together with the figures, the forms may
be recognized. I desire to add however that it is my intention in the
near future to publish complete detailed, comparative descriptions of
all those figured herewith, as well as of others.

A problem that has engaged much of my time and study arose
from the fact that Sir George Hampson in his Catalogue of the
British Museum (Vol. XIII) described and figured both Autographa
Sackcni and Autographa Snowi. He lists these as " Syngrapha"
and at this time I shall not discuss his generic separation of this
group, but, as I am considering American forms, I shall follow the
latest American Check List, Barnes and McDonnough.

June-Sept, 19:9.] OtTOLENGUI : PlUSIIN^E. 119

I copy from Hampson's synoptic table.2

a1 Forewing with orbicular absent, the U-shaped stigma somewhat pointed

below Sackeni.

b2 Forewing with orbicular present, U-shaped stigma rounded below. .Snowi.

In the plate of colored figures accompanying the volume, it ap-
peared to me that the figures labeled Snowi, more closely resembled
Sackeni. I so wrote to my friend, that excellent student of the
noctuidse, Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, who was at the time stationed near
London. He kindly visited the British Museum and wrote me that
the figures agreed with the museum specimens, and he added that
he never had been able to distinguish between Snowi and Sackeni
until Sir George Hampson pointed out the above distinctions.

This proved more puzzling than ever because I have specimens
which are undoubtedly Sackeni, and which nevertheless agree with
both sets of requirements as stated in the synoptic table, the orbicular
being sometimes present and sometimes absent, and the sign far from
constant.

Then Mr. K. Bowman, of Edmunton, Alberta, sent me some speci-
mens for identification, and among these I found a new form, very
close to Sackeni. Turning to Hampson's descriptions of Sackeni
(pp. 417-418) and Snowi (pp. 418-419) we find that in his museum
he has the type of Sackeni, a male, and two females, all from Colo-
rado, which is the type locality. But his description of Snowi was
based on two specimens, a female from Calgary, Alberta, and a
female from Athabasca, B. C, whereas Snowi was described from a
specimen taken near Las Vegas, New Mexico. This fact led me to
suspect that what Dod and Hampson have been identifying as Snowi,
might really be this new form discovered by Mr. Bowman. This
suspicion has been confirmed by Mr. Bowman's sending a specimen to
Sir George Hampson who returned it labeled "Snowi." Since then
I have a letter from Sir George Hampson from which I quote as
follows :

" I had specimens sent me not long ago from Nordegg, Alberta,
of what I called in my Catalogue, Syngrapha Snowi, on the authority
of Wolley Dod, and I was informed that you considered this a new
species. I do not know the typical Colorado and New Mexico form,
so have no means of judging."

2 Cat. Brit. Miis.. Vol. XII, p. 413.

120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

This finally determines the fact that Hampson's description does
not apply to Snozvi, whereas it does very accurately describe this
Canadian species, for which I herewith propose the name diversigna,
because of the fact that the sign is exceedingly variable.

A few words now in regard to Snowi. I know of but two abso-
lutely authentic examples of this species, and both are before me as
I write, and are figured herewith. Several museum collections have
specimens labeled " Snozvi " but they are always from Colorado.
Bruce and others have distributed a Colorado form under this name,
some of which I have readily recognized as Sackeni, while a few
have been quite puzzling, a question arising as to whether the
brownish color had been the true color or whether it was due to the
age of the specimen. Of course it is possible that this species may
exist in Colorado, and I have myself two or three of Bruce's speci-
mens about which I have not yet fully decided.

The two authentic specimens of Snozvi to which I have alluded,
are, first a specimen loaned me by the University of Kansas which
acquired Prof. Snow's collection. This specimen carries a printed
"TYPE" label, but no manuscript label in Edward's hand. The
locality label reads : " Near Hot Springs, Las Vegas, N. M., 7000 ft.,
July, '82. F. H. Snow." (See Plate XV, fig. 3.)

The second specimen is one presented by Prof. Snow to Mr.
Cramer, passing from him into the possession of Mr. Jacob Doll,
and from Mr. Doll to myself. This carries a printed locality label
the exact facsimile of the other except that the date is " Aug., 82."

In Edwards's description of Snozvi3 he does not state the date of
capture of the single specimen of Snozvi from which he described his
species, but on same page he dscribes Heliothis sitavis, taken by
Prof. Snow at the same locality, Aug., 1882, which at least indicates
that Prof. Snow was collecting in that locality in August as well as
in July, 1882, the date on the supposed "type" of Snozvi. I raise
this point because I am of the opinion that the July specimen is not
the true type, being 35 mm. in expanse, whereas Edwards tells us
that his type expands 30 mm., which is exactly the expanse of my
August, 1882, specimen. It therefore seems at least credible that the
labels were accidentally exchanged and that Prof. Snow really let
Mr. Cramer have the true type. Moreover, the description fits the

3 Papilio, 1884, Vol. 4, p. 44.

June-Sept., 1919-] OTTOLENGUI : PlUSIIN^. 121

smaller specimen better than it does the larger one, especially as
to the sign. However that may be, one of these two specimens is
probably the type and the following descriptions are based upon
them.

From these two authentic specimens of Snowi, fifteen specimens
of Sackcni from various mountains in Colorado, and nine specimens
of diversigna taken at Nordegg, Alberta, by Mr. Bowman, and one
specimen received some years ago from Mr. Bean taken at Laggan, I
append the following brief descriptions which point out the main
characters by which the three species may be separated.

Snowi. Rich brown of reddish tint.

Sackeni. Purplish brown.

diversigna. Brownish purple.

Snowi. The space between the basal line and the A.T. line is brown, con-
colorous above and below the median vein. " At base of costa is an
obscure orange streak, bordered with brown."

Sackeni. The space between the basal line and the A.T. line is mainly yel-
lowish above the median vein, and brownish below. The basal line and
the A.T. line meet on the costa, the latter passing, sharply oblique, down-
ward and then inward. The space between the two lines, and above the
vein is more or less filled in with yellowish, and when completely filled
forms a distinct sagitate mark. This character, however, is variable.

diversigna. The space between the basal line and the A.T. line is concol-
orous above and below the median vein, slightly olivaceous. The A.T.
line begins on the costa distinctly separate from the basal line.

As a further distinguishing characterization I quote the follow-
ing from an incomplete manuscript description of diversigna.

Autographa diversigna new species.

The primaries are mainly brownish purple, profusely speckled with
microscopic dots, giving the wing, especially in the lighter shades, a
reticulated appearance. The median space below the cell is filled
with chocolate brown, darkest near the sign and showing the re-
ticulation of microscopic dots especially below vein I.

In Snowi and Sackeni the median space is filled with brown of
solid color.

This new species, Autographa diversigna is described from nine
specimens taken by Mr. K. Bowman at Nordegg, Alberta, and one
specimen taken by Mr. Bean at Laggan. The type is with the author,
also paratypes. Two paratypes are with Mr. Bowman, and one has

122 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

been sent to the museum at Ottpwa, in appreciation of courtesies
extended.

Autographa interalia new species.

This is a new form, also discovered at Nordegg by Mr. K.
Bowman, who has let me see two specimens, both females, and in
fine condition, so that there can be no doubt about my determination
of this as a new form. I mention this because of the fact that I
myself collected a male of this species at Banf, but being a poor
specimen I mistakenly placed it with my series of alias. Interalia
adds one more species to the group including alias and rcctangula,
having the same peculiar sign. It varies from them by being uni-
formly gray and practically unsilvered. Alias is browner with more
silver whereas rcctangula, though brown, is of a blacker hue than
alias.

The type of interalia is with the author, and a paratype with Mr.
Bowman, both females.

Autographa rectangula race nargenta new race.

Autographa rcctangula, the older name, takes precedence over
Autographa mortuorum, and in many lists is given as a synonym. Sir
George Hampson, with good judgment 1 think, retains mortuorum
as an aberration, thus accounting for the name. Mortuorum differs
from rectangula only in the sign, which in mortuorum is divided so
that it has an outer dot. In some specimens this dot even is absent,
only the inner half of the sign appearing. This form, or " aberra-
tion " as Sir George Hampson calls it, occurs more often in Canada
than in the United States.

I believe that I have discovered a race of this species worthy
of a name. I have suspected this for some time, basing my notion
upon two specimens sent to me by Mr. Hanham from Vancouver's
Island, and my suspicion has been confirmed by considerable ma-
terial received from Mr. Cockle, at Kaslo, B. C. I may say in pass-
ing that Mr. Cockle has taken numerous species that I have hereto-
fore obtained mainly from Vancouver.

In the typical rcctangula the T.P. line usually shows merely as
the inner edge or border of a silvery cloud which more or less fills
the space between the T.P. line and the outer border of the primaries.
I have examined two hundred eastern examples.

June-Sept., 19 19.] OtTOLEXGUI : PlCSIIX.E. 123

In the new race, nargenta, there is much less silvering, and the
ground color is blacker, making the insect, as a whole, darker. The
best distinguishing character will be the T.P. line which is distinct
and doubled, inclosing silver.

The type and paratypes are with the author, but paratypes have
been sent to Mr. Cockle and Mr. Bowman.

Autographa ce!sa race sierras new race.

I recently sent to Sir George Hampson a set of four specimens of
Autographa celsa showing the range of variation, which is from a
light brown to almost black. In reply he writes as follows : "I
should call all these specimens octoscripta, Grote. H. Edwards dis-
tinctly describes the stigma of the Oregon species as greenish and
silvery, whilst in those you send it varies from pure white to golden
silvery. "

There are at hand two " types " of celsa, one in the Edwards col-
lection in the American Museum of Xatural History, and the other in
the Xeumoegen collection. Brooklyn Museum. We may perhaps call
the sign in the former silvery, but in the latter it is certainly golden.

I have a long series taken by Mr. Hanham in Vancouver's Island.
I have specimens from Oregon and specimens also taken by Mr.
Cockle in Kaslo, B. C. These have been identified by comparison
with the above mentioned types, and though this species varies, quite
as much as does A. califomica, there is no doubt about this identifica-
tion. Though I have never been able to find Grote's type of octo-
scripta, celsa is quite distinct from what I have been calling octo-
scripta. The sign in celsa therefore is variable from white, to silvery
and golden.

Some three years ago at Lake Taho I captured five females of
a beautifully soft gray creature which at first I thought to be a new-
species. Except in color however I cannot separate it from celsa.
In the American Museum. I found a specimen of this form placed
with celsa, and labeled *' Sierra Xev., Cal." Later I found two speci-
mens in the collection of Dr. Barnes labeled ** Deer Park Springs,
Lake Taho." More recently still Dr. Van Duzee sent me a specimen
labeled " Trinity Meadows, Trinity County. Cal." Dr. Van Duzee
writes me as follows: "Trinity Meadows, though much nearer the
coast has many Sierra species and it is not surprising that a Taho

124 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

species should be taken there." Later still I have obtained a beau-
tiful example taken by Miss Hewlett at Nellie, California. I believe
therefore that we here have a California form of the Oregon and
Canadian species. It may even prove to be a good species.

Celsa, race Sierrcc is uniformly a soft bluish gray, rendering it
quite distinct from the brownish or blackish-brown northern forms.
The sign in all the specimens I have seen is bright golden.

Type with the author, paratypes with Dr. Van Duzee, Dr. Barnes
and American Museum, N. Y.
Autographa magnifica new species.

This beautiful species was taken (if I am correctly informed) by
one of the forestry entomologists of the Department of Agriculture,
of the Dominion of Canada. It was taken at Ueluelet, Vancouver's
Island, which I believe is at the northernmost and wildest part of the
island. It is therefore the property of the museum at Ottowa, and
I have been permitted the privilege of naming the species. More
complete description will be published later, as with others herewith
figured. At present it must suffice to say that while allied with
octoscripta it is easily separated therefrom by the fact that the
ground color is a clear creamy white, causing the lines and marks to
show with great distinctness. Expanding 40 mm., it is larger than
any example of octoscripta that I have seen. The type, a female,
remains with the Ottawa museum.

I may mention here that I have a male specimen taken in Van-
couver's island which is most puzzling, being intermediate between
this new form, magnifica, and octoscripta. It is generally speaking
much darker than magnifica, possibly due to the fact that the lighter
color is profusely dotted with macroscopic black dots, a characteriza-
tion however also seen in octoscripta. Nevertheless this may prove
to be the male form of magnifica, to which opinion I am more in-
clined by the fact that I have never seen octoscripta from the west
coast.

Abrostola microvalis new species.

This is a species of which I have had a single specimen for nearly
twenty years. More recently I have obtained others, and I propose
the above name, because in general appearance it is a minute ovalis.
A more accurate description will be given later. It expands 24 mm.,
the female 26 mm. Habitat Texas.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XV.

10

June-Sept., 1919.]

Ottolengui : Plusiin^:.

125

Type with the author, and paratype with Dr. Barnes.

That microvalis may not be confused with parvula, which is of
the same size, I figure both, my specimen of parvula being presented
to me by Dr. Barnes and identified by comparison with his type.

Autographa alta new name.
Autographa excelsa Ottol.

I have already stated that I am not prepared at present to discuss
Sir George Hampson's generic separation, but in one respect it in-
terests me. In 1902 I described a new species, giving it the name
excelsa. This name Sir Geo. Hampson retains placing it, however,
under Syngrapha. Then under Phytometra appears excelsa, Kretsch-
mar. If however we should adopt the generic arrangement of
Barnes and McDonnough, both of these excelsas would be included
under Autographa so that my name would fall, as a homonym. This
would not be the case were Dr. Dyar's arrangement retained, be-
cause Dr. Dyar lists mctallica under Plusia, and excelsa Krets., is
congeneric with mctallica. But Barnes and McDonnough have re-
moved mctallica from Plusia, listing it as an Autographa under which
rule excelsa Krets. would also be included and as stated before we
would have two excelsas under Autographa. In these circumstances
I prefer to offer another name.

When I first described this species I looked upon it as an inhabi-
tant of high altitudes ; hence the name excelsa. On a visit to Lake
Louise, I followed the trail up to Lake Agnes, and just before reach-
ing that point I found a rather large patch of flowering plants on
which this species was feeding, and in half an hour before sunset I
captured twenty-five specimens. It is for this reason that in aban-
doning the name excelsa, I propose the name alta.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Explanation of Plate XV.

Autographa sackeni Grt.

Autographa diversigna n. sp. (from type).

Autographa snowi Hy. Edw. (from type).

Autographa snoivi Hy. Edw.

Autographa interalia n. sp. (from type).

Autographa alias Ottol.

Autographa rectangula Kirby.

Autographa rectangula, race nargenta n. race (from type).

Autographa celsa Hy. Edw. (dark form).

126 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Autographa celsa, race sierra n. race (from type).
Abrostola parvula B. and McD.
Abrostola microvalis n. sp. (from type).
Autographa magnified n. sp. (from type).
Autographa celsa Hy. Edw. (from type).

Fig.

10.

Fig.

ii.

Fig.

12

Fig.

13-

Fig.

14.

IDIOCERUS COGNATUS FIEBER, ESTABLISHED IN
NORTH AMERICA.

By Chris E. Olsen,
West Nyak, N. Y.

In 1908 the writer collected several specimens of an Idiocerus
belonging to a species unknown to our fauna and submitted these to
Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for determination. They came back labelled
" Idiocerus sp. unknown to me." Mr. Van Duzee further remarked
in an accompanying note that as soon as time permitted he would
look up regarding these. Since then specimens have been collected
from time to time in various places. On October 10, 1916, by sweep-
ing the lower branches of a white poplar {Populus alba), over one
hundred specimens were collected in half a dozen sweeps of the net.
A great many more could have been taken from this tree, of which
there are only two in the immediate neighborhood. Nearly all were
females, only five males in the lot.

Coincidentally with this Messrs. Harry B. Weiss and Edgar L.
Dickerson presented specimens of this same Idiocerus species which
they had also taken abundantly on Populus alba in New Jersey, and,
contemplating the working out of its life history, its identity was
obviously desired. It was at first thought to be a new species, but in
looking up some European literature several descriptions were met
with which applied very well. For the present and until specimens
can be obtained from Europe to compare with our American form,
it will be safe to call it Idiocerus cognatus Fieber = I. distinguendus
Kirschbaum.

As far as can be ascertained from descriptions and figures it
resembles somewhat /. rufus Gillette and Baker and I. rufus var.
cingulatus Ball, but in the structural characters of the face and geni-

June-Sept., 19 19. ] Olsen : Idiocerus cognatus. 127

talia and in the color it differs from /. rufus. The variety cingulatus
comes closer in color, but its structure is too indefinitely described to
permit of comparison. The following description will further serve
to identify it.

Face one-fifth wider than long; clypeus nearly one-half longer
than broad at apex, about twice as long as at its base, distinctly
swelling lateral at the truncated apex; lorae longer than clypeus
and its width four-fifths that of the clypean apex; gense depressed
beneath the eyes, the lateral margins slightly convex just below the
eyes, then more or less straight attaining the tip of the clypeus; front
as broad as long; antennae without any disk. Vertex a trifle shorter
on the middle than next to the eyes; the distance between the eyes
more than four times the length of the center of the vertex; fine
transverse rugosity barely visible. Pronotum more than twice as
long as broad. Scutellum one and one-half times as broad as long,
with a decided impression on the disk. Face, vertex, pronotum and
scutellum very finely and evenly granulated. Elytral veins prominent
and with punctures, four apical and three anteapical cells; inner
anteapical cell more than twice as long as the outer one. Last
ventral segment of the male twice triangularly excavated, leaving a
prominent, triangular, central tooth with a slightly rounded tip, the
whole segment longitudinally rugulose. Plates long and twisting
near the apex, terminating in long, fine, white hairs. Last ventral
segment of the female strongly rounding and without any median
notch, ovipositor slightly longer than pygofer.

Color of male. Face from greenish white to strong yellow in the
highly colored specimens; ocelli yellowish brown, encircled with pale;
eyes dark red, sometimes nearly black ; basal segments of the antennae
the color of the face, the long, tapering filamentts rapidly recoming
quite dark. Vertex like the face, with a tendency to be slightly
darker discoidally and devoid of any spots. Disk of pronotum with a
bluish-gray cast; margins paler, usually with a pair of faint dark
spots on the anterior half. Scutellum yellow with the discal im-
pression dark, in some specimens quite strongly marked ; basal angles
sometimes marked with brown triangles. Elytra transparent milky
white, with the area from the base to about the level of the tip of
the scutellum a trifle smoky; a stronger smoky brown area located
from just behind the middle to before the tip of the clavus, extending

128 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

transversally between points just in front of the outer anteapical cells ;
a third smoky area covering the three inner apical cells and the
appendage. Veins in the light areas milky white and in the dark
areas dark brown. Body and legs below pale, except the distal tips
of the tibiae and the tarsi, which are tipped with brown, and the
blackish claws.

The females are generally more strongly colored, usually with a
large dark spot on the rounded vertex, bisected by a pale line, and
a black spot on either side, the elytra and scutellum are also stronger
marked in this sex.

This species occurs in Central Europe. Fieber described it from
a male from Austria. (Have been unable to consult Kirschbaum's
writings.) Edwards gives only a few localities of its occurrence on
the British Islands. Jensen Haarup gives a single locality in Den-
mark. In this country it has been taken at the following places :
Maspeth, L. I., N. Y., Aug. i, 1908, Oct. 10, 1916, Sept. 1, 1917; Port
Washington, L. I., N. Y., Sept. 15, 1908; Winfield, L. I., N. Y., July
17, 1909 (Chris. E. Olsen). Irvington, N. J., July 14, and other New
Jersey localities (Edgar L. Dickerson and H. B. Weiss). In all
cases where food-plant is mentioned Populus alba is given.

I wish here to express my appreciations to Prof. Herbert Osborn,
Dr. E. D. Ball and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee for their kind and helpful
correspondence of which I availed myself in the preparation of the
above notes.

Explanation of Plate XVI.

Fig. 1. Face of a female.
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of a male.
Fig. 3. Genitalia of a female.
Fig. 4. Genitalia of a male.

Figs. 1, 3, and 4 are drawn to the same scale, fig. 2 is only half the size of
the others.

Journ. X. Y. Ent. Sc

Vol. XXVII. PL XVI.

m

liocerus cootnatus Fieber

June-Sept, 1919.] DlCKERSON & WEISS : IDIOCERUS COGXATUS. 129

NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES AND LIFE HIS-
TORY OF IDIOCERUS COGNATUS FIEB., IN
NEW JERSEY.

By Edgar L. Dickerson and Harry B. Weiss,1
New Brunswick, N. J.

This species was first observed by us during the summer of 191 7
on white poplar (Populus alba) growing in a nursery at Irvington,
N. J., and the following observations were made during the spring
and summer of 1918.

The eggs of this species are deposited singly during the middle
and last of July in the new growth, terminal twigs usually being
selected. Any of the new wood is likely to contain eggs, but they
are found most plentiful in the last foot of the twig and more spar-
ingly toward the base and the extreme tip. The place of oviposition
is indicated by a somewhat irregular, pear shaped blister or swelling
about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide. In many cases, the cap of the
egg projects slightly from the surface of the twig. If the egg has
been inserted far enough to hide the cap, the bark around the cap
becomes somewhat corky and splits. Each egg is firmly embedded in
the bark tissue and not simply inserted in the bark as is the case with
the egg of Idioceras scurra. As a rule each egg is placed in a slant-
ing position with its long axis more or less at an angle with the
grain of the tissue. Sometimes eggs were found in irregular groups
of two or three, but more often singly.

Hatching takes place from the middle to the last of May and the
young nymphs can be found on the unfolding tender leaves at the
tips of the twigs. The upper leaf surface seems to be preferred,
many of them resting close to the midrib at the base of the leaf.
Some however can be found on the lower leaf surface. As the
nymphs become older, they scatter, many resting on the stems of the
new growth usually close to a leaf petiole. On the whole, the upper
surfaces of new leaves are preferred. Here they blend with the
whitish bloom of the young leaves and only those with distinct
blackish markings are readily seen. Moulting takes place on the
1 The arrangement of the authors' names has no significance.

130 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

lower leaf surface as cast skins of various stages are found here and
on no other part of the tree.

Each nymphal stage requires from three to six days. The first
nymphs appeared May 13 and the first adults on June 12. Prac-
tically one month was required for the nymphal stages although cool
weather which prevailed from the middle of May throughout June
may have prolonged the lengths of the stages. The bulk of the
adults appeared during the last of June and the first part of July.
By July 12 no fifth stage nymphs could be found and overwintering
eggs were being deposited. There is but one generation each year
and adults are found in diminishing numbers throughout August and
.as late as October.

The older nymphs and adults scattered considerably and could be
found on the leaves at the tips of the branches all over the infested
trees, even at the extreme top. As a rule the majority of adults were
found on the twigs. The adults were very active and usually moved
readily when disturbed. In common with many other species they
moved around the twig to the side away from observer. Even when
present in large numbers no appreciable damage to the foliage was
observed. Where many nymphs fed on the young leaves, the foliage
showed some slight malformation and whitening due to the abstrac-
tion of the sap, but the injury was not serious

A9 the white poplar is a native of both Europe and Asia and
according to Keeler imported into this country very early, it seems
evident that Idiocerus cognatus was introduced in the egg stage with
this tree. In New Jersey, we have found it at Irvington, Asbury
(Warren Co.), Princeton Junction, Rutherford and Paterson and it
undoubtedly exists on white poplar at many other places. The New
Jersey records and those of Mr. Oslen for Long Island, N. Y., indi-
cate that it is well established jn the East. A description of the adult
and the synonymy is given in Mr. Olsen's paper in this issue and need
not be repeated here. For illustrations of the adult and of the male
and female genitalia see Mr. Olsen's paper.

Egg. — Length 1.11 mm. Greatest width 0.35 mm. Translucent,
elongate, broadest at middle, slightly curved when viewed laterally,
broadly rounded at basal end, slightly tapering toward cap. Cap
oval, brown, with center light.

First Nymphal Stage. — Length 1.34 mm. Width of head includ-

June-Sept., 1919.] DlCKERSON & WEISS : IDIOCERUS COGNATUS. 131

ing eyes 0.51 mm. Color white. Broadest across the head. Sides
of thorax subparallel, slightly widest in front. Basal segments of
abdomen slightly broader than posterior portion of thorax and gradu-
ally rounding to its posterior end. Antennae from one-third to one-
half the length of the body, apical third dark. Eyes prominent con-
sisting of numerous ommatidia. Head broadly rounded in front,
slightly sinuate just before eyes, front and vertex sparsely covered
with fine hair. Thorax one and one-half times the length of the
head, segments of equal length, each segment slightly broader at
posterior than at anterior end. Abdomen varying in length, about
one and one-third the length of the thorax. Dorsal surface of body
bearing a number of fine hairs. Hairs on abdomen are arranged in
longitudinal rows, four dorsal and two lateral. Legs white, bearing
a number of fine hairs. Rostrum extending to metathorax.

Second Nymphal Stage. — Length 1.6 mm. Width of head in-
big eyes 0.7 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage. Antennae
shorter, head shorter. Thorax twice as long as head. Thoracic
segments subequal. Sides of meso- and metathorax slightly extended
posteriorly. Abdomen twice as long as thorax. Hairs on body more
pronounced. A few specimens show two longitudinal light brown
dorsal bands extending from head to apex of abdomen and equal in
width to light band between them.

Third Nymphal Stage. — Length 2.5 mm. Width of head includ-
ing eyes 0.9 mm. Somewhat similar to preceding stage.' Antennae
shorter, head somewhat shorter and more transverse. Posterior ex-
tension of meso- and metathoracic segments more pronounced. Most
forms of this stage appear to show some markings varying from
traces of light bands on thorax to well-defined dark bands extend-
ing from head to apex of abdomen with vertex and portion of front
of head, portions of legs and some median spots on ventral surface
of apical abdominal segments dark.

Fourth Nymphal Stage. — Length 3.5 mm. Width of head in-
cluding eyes 1.2 mm. Head including eyes slightly broader than
thorax. Sides of thorax parallel. Abdomen gradually tapering
toward tip. Antennae short, about one-half width of head. Head
convex, four times as broad as long, anterior and posterior margins
parallel, front and vertex finely pubescent. Prothorax at middle one
and one-half times length of head. Mesothorax slightly longer and

132 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

metathorax one-half as long as prothorax at middle. Wing pads of
meso- and metathorax extending beyond anterior margin of third
abdominal segment. Rostrum extending to between second pair of
legs. Sexes distinguishable in this stage. Hairs of legs more pro-
nounced. Markings of dark forms similar to those of preceding
stage.

Fifth Nymphal Stage. — Length 4.6 mm. Width of head includ-
ing eyes 1.5 nim. Shape somewhat similar to that of fourth stage,
more elongate. Dark markings less pronounced, except dark band
on vertex of head. Antennae one-half width of head. Head similar
to that of preceding stage, more or less slightly sinuate in front.
Front and vertex finely pubescent. Pronotum at middle one and
one-half times the length of the head, transversely grooved on pos-
terior dorsal surface. Mesonotum extending posteriorly at middle
where it is broadly rounded, somewhat longer than pronotum. Meta-
notum one-half length of pronotum. Wing pads of meso- and meta-
thorax extending to third abdominal segment. Rostrum similar to
that of fourth stage. Hairs on body more pronounced than in

preceding stage.

. ♦

RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEOTROPICAL
CRANE-FLIES (TIPULID^, DIPTERA). I.

By Charles P. Alexander,

Urbana, III.

During the past few years a number of collections of crane-flies
from various localities in South and Central America have been
available for study. Some of the more interesting new species are
discussed in the present article. In addition, the records of a few
species whose known range is greatly extended are also given, most
of them being South American forms that are now admitted to the
North American Fauna for the first time.

The collections studied in this paper are as follows :

Argentina, a small lot from Catamarca, through the kindness of
Sehor Pedro Jorgensen-Hansen.

Colombia, a small collection from the Santa Marta region, taken

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 133

by Messrs. E. B. and J. H. Williamson (see A Collecting Trip to
Colombia, South America, by E. B. Williamson: Misc. Publ. 3, Mus.
Zool., Univ. of Mich.; 1918).

Costa Rica and Panama, several fine lots of specimens taken
by Dr. Axel Olsson.

In addition to the above, considerable material was studied in
the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, mostly
from the Greater Antilles and British Guiana; the United States
National Museum from Chile (Porter), Panama (Busck and Zetek),
etc., and in the collection of Mr. Charles W. Johnson from the
Lesser Antilles (Ballou). I am greatly indebted to all the gentlemen
mentioned for the privilege of examining this material. Unless
stated to the contrary, the types are in the collection of the writer.

Genus Dicranomyia Stephens.
Dicranomyia porteri new species.

Antennae dark throughout ; mesonotal praescutum with the stripes con-
fluent, shiny brown ; pleura grayish ; abdomen dark brown, yellowish at the
end ; wings pale grayish with indistinct darker seams along the cord ; vein
Sc short, Sc2 at the tip of Scu cell 1st M2 closed.

Female. — Length, 6-6.5 mm. ; wing, 6-6.6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi blackish. Antennas short, dark brown throughout, the
flagellar segments short-oval. Head dark brown, gray pruinose, the vertex
between the eyes very narrow.

Mesonotum rather shiny brown, the usual three praescutal stripes con-
fluent ; humeral region and the lateral margins of the praescutum pruinose ;
scutellum and postnotum sparsely gray pruinose. Pleura pale brown, gray
pruinose. Halteres short, pale at the base and on the knobs, the stem brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish-yellow ; remainder of the legs
light brown. Wings broad with a slight grayish tinge; stigma large, pale
gray ; indistinct and very pale gray clouds on the disk, darkest at the tip of
Scx and the origin of Rs, paler and broader along the cord and the outer end
of cell 1st M.,. Venation: Sc short, ending opposite the origin of the sector;
Sc„ at the tip of Sct ; r at the tip of R1 ; Rs strongly arcuated to almost square
at its origin, about one-half longer than the deflection of /?4+. ; cell 1st M„
large, closed, pentagonal to rectangular; basal reflection of Cm, inserted just
before the fork of M.

Abdomen blackish-brown, the seventh to ninth segments and the valves
of the ovipositor conspicuously yellow.

Habitat: Chile.

Holotype, $, Antofagasta, May, 191 2 (Carlos E. Porter).

Paratopotypes, 3 9$-

Type in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

134 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxvu.

Dicranomyia jorgenseni new species.

Antenna black; head gray; thoracic praescutum with five chestnut-brown
stripes, the three intermediate narrow ; pleura gray with a narrow brown
stripe ; femora yellowish with a narrow dark brown subterminal ring ; wings
subhyaline with dark brown spots, apex of the wings darkened ; Sc short, Sc2
at the tip of Sct.

Male. — Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm.

Female. — Length, 6.5-6.9 mm. ; wing, 7-7.6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brownish-black. Head
light gray.

Mesonotal praescutum with a pale brownish-gray bloom ; lateral margins
of the sclerite dark brown ; thoracic stripes narrow, chestnut-brown, the
middle stripe ending far before the suture ; the sublateral stripes cross the
suture and appear as a narrow stripe on the proximal third of the scutal lobes ;
remainder of the scutum and the scutellum light grayish ; postnotum dark
brown with a sparse gray bloom. Pleura grayish with two brown longitudinal
stripes, the sternal stripe broader, the dorsal stripe beginning just above the
fore coxa. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters light yellow ; femora yellow with a dark brown subterminal ring,
this being two or three times as wide as the pale tip ; tibiae yellowish-brown,
darker at the tips ; tarsi light brown, the terminal segments darkened. Wings
grayish subhyaline with a heavy brown pattern, arranged as follows : at the
arculus ; in cell R midway between the arculus and the origin of the sector;
stigmal blotch enclosing a rounded hyaline spot before crossvein r; tip of
the wing in cells 2d Rlt R3, R5 and 2d M, ; narrow seams along the cord and
outer end of cell 1st M„; a rounded spot at the tip of the second anal vein.
Venation (Plate I, Fig. 3): Sc short, ending just beyond the origin of Rs ;
Sc, at the tip of Sc1 ; Rs almost square at its origin ; basal deflection of Cut
some distance before the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites paler medially.

Habitat: Argentina.

Holotype, £, Esquina Grande, Catamarca, May 1, 1915 (P. Jor-
gensen).

Allotopotype, J.

Paratype, 5, Cerro de Carocal, Catamarca, altitude 3100 meters,
February 17, 1915 (P. Jorgensen).

The types bear the label " common on the rivers."
Dicranomyia parishi Alex.

1914. Dicranomyia parishi Alex.; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 40, pp.
226, 227.

Two specimens from Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, December 12-
14, 1912 (Zetek). The species has been recorded only from British
Guiana.

June-Sept., 1919-] ALEXANDER: XEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 135

Dicranomyia apicata Alex.

1914. Dicranomyia apicata Alex.; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 40, pp.
225, 226, Plate 3, Fig. 1.

Two specimens from Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, December 12-
14, 1912 (Zetek). The species has been recorded only from British
Guiana.

Dicranomyia fumosa (Alex.).

1912. fFurcomyia fumosa Alex.; Can. Ent., Vol. 44, p. 364, Plate 11,
Fig. t.

One female from the Rio Chico, near the mouth of the Rio
Porcona, Department of Panama, Panama, August 4, l9l8 (Olsson).
Like the two preceding species this interesting fly had been known
hitherto only from British Guiana.

Genus Peripheroptera Schiner.

Peripheroptera subandina new species.

Antenna black ; mesonotum yellow, the praescutum with three dark brown
stripes ; legs dark brownish-black ; wings pale grayish, the center of the disk
almost hyaline, a broad brown seam along the cord.

Male. — Length, about 6.5 mm. ; wing, 9.4 mm.

Fore leg, femur, 5.8 mm.; tibia, 6.4 mm.; middle leg, femur, 6.5 mm.;
tibia, 6.7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae black, the flagellar segments
oval. Head dark brown ; a golden line along the inner margin of the eye and
passing across the front ; a pale area on either side of the middle line of the
vertex.

Pronotum dark brown, laterally yellowish-gray pruinose. Mesonotal prae-
scutum yellow pollinose with three dark brown stripes, the median stripe very
broad, becoming obsolete and bifid before the suture, the lateral stripes short
and narrow ; scutum with the median area broadly golden-yellow and with a
sharp median carina, remainder of the lobes dark brown ; scutellum reddish
with a golden yellow pollen ; postnotum dark brown with a yellowish V-shaped
area. Pleura brownish-yellow, more grayish underneath the wing-root, more
brownish on the mesosternum. Halteres dull yellow, knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxse and trochanters dull brownish-yellow ; femora dark
brownish-black, paler on the basal third; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings with
a pale grayish suffusion ; the center of the disk, including the bases of cells
R3, Rs, 1st M„ and the ends of cells R and M more nearly hyaline ; costal
region more brownish-yellow ; stigma dark brown ; a broad brown seam along
the cord and a less distinct seam along the outer end of cell 1st M... \ ena-
tion (Plate I, Fig. 2) : inner ends of cells Rz, R- and 1st M2 about on a line.
Abdomen dark brown, the segments very narrowly and indistinctly ringed
with paler.

136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Habitat : Argentina.

Holotype, J1, El Suncho, Catamarca, altitude 2500 meters, April
28, 1 91 5 (P. Jorgensen).

In my key to the species of Peripheroptera (Ent. News, vol. 24, p.
409, 1913) this species runs to P. schincri O. S. of Brazil which
differs in having a shiny yellowish-red thorax with an anterior black
stripe, the legs yellow with the tips of the femora darker and the
wings faintly yellowish.

Genus Geranomyia Curtis.

Geranomyia nigripleura new species.

Size small ; rostrum moderately elongate, exceeding the combined head
and thorax; mesonotum reddish-brown, the praescutum with indistinct stripes;
thoracic pleura yellow with a broad dark brownish-black stripe that covers the
dorsal sclerites ; legs uniformly pale brown, the tarsi more yellowish; wings
strongly infumed, the cord narrowly seamed with dark brown ; abdominal
tergites dark brown, the sternites bicolorous, brown and dull yellow.

Male. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 5.1 mm.; wing, 5.3 mm.; rostrum,
2. 3— 2.4 mm.

Female. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 4.8 mm.; wing, 5.1 mm.; ros-
trum, 2.6 mm.

Rostrum dark brown, a little paler distally, moderately elongated, longer
than the head and thorax taken together. Antennae black. Head dark gray.

Mesonotal praescutum rich reddish-brown with three narrow and indis-
tinct darker stripes ; lateral margins of the sclerite broadly yellowish ; scutum
yellow with the lobes reddish-brown. Pleura yellow, the dorsal pleurites dark
brownish-black producing a broad stripe that extends from the cervical scle-
rites to the base of the abdomen and includes the halteres. Halteres dark.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale yellow ; femora uniformly brown
excepting the bases which are paler ; tibiae brown ; tarsi pale yellowish-brown.
Wings with a strong brownish tinge, deepest at the apex ; stigma rounded oval,
dark brown ; indistinct dark brown seams at the tip of Sc and the base of
the sector ; less distinct seams along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M„.
Venation (Plate I, fig. 1) : Sc short, extending from just beyond the origin of
the sector to opposite one-third its length; Sc2 at the tip of Sc1; Rs about as
long as cell 1st M2; basal deflection of Cux at or just beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites dull yellow on the apical half,
brown on the basal half; ventral pleural appendages of the male hypopygium
large, fleshy, brown. Valves of the ovipositor short, acute, the tergal valves
slightly exceeding the sternal valves.

Habitat : Panama.

Holotype, J1, San San, Department of Bocas del Toro, June 21 ,
1917 (Axel Olsson).

June-Sept.. 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 137

Allotopotype, <j>-

Paratopotypes, i J\ i J.

This very interesting species may be confused only with G. lineata
End. and G. scolopax Alex. From lineata it differs in its small size,
coloration of the thoracic dorsum and pleura, and in the wing-pattern,
there being no costal spot basad of the origin of the sector. From
scolopax it is readily told by the long rostrum and dark colored
wings without a dark spot at midlength of subcosta.

Genus Rhamphidia Meigen.
Rhamphidia albitarsis fuscipes new subspecies.

Male. — Length, 5—5.7 mm. ; wing, 5—5.8 mm.

Average size smaller than typical albitarsis O. S. ; thoracic dorsum dark
brown, the humeral region a little paler. Pleura pale brown. Tarsi pale
brown, only a shade lighter than the remainder of the legs. Wings pale
brown, the stigma and costal region a little darker (Plate I, Fig. 4).

Habitat : Panama, Costa Rica.

Holotype, <J\ San San, Department of Bocas del Toro, Panama,
June 21, 1917 (Axel Olsson).

Allotype, 5. Zent River, Costa Rica, May 13, 1917 (Axel Olsson).

Paratopotypes, 8 <§ J ; paratype, % with the allotype.

The specimen of Rhamphidia albitarsis from British Guiana men-
tioned by the writer in an earlier paper (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol.
40, p. 230, 1914) probably belongs here.

Rhamphidia albitarsis fumipennis new subspecies.

Male. — Length, 6.5 mm. ; wing, 6.5-7 mm.

Entire body and wings dark brownish black. Rostrum elongated. Legs
black with the tarsal tips pure white as in typical albitarsis. The venation is
shown on Plate I, Fig. 5.

Habitat : Panama.

Holotype, ^, Silico Creek, Department of Bocas del Toro, Oc-
tober 4, 1917 (Axel Olsson).
Paratopotype, J1.

Genus Gonomyia Meigen.

Gonomyia (Gonomyella) subcostata new species.

Antennae with the scape yellow, the flagellum dark brown ; mesonotum
brownish-yellow with intense black markings ; pleura white with a broad black
dorsal stripe; legs yellowish, the tips of the segments darker; wings pale
brownish-gray; Sc very long; r on the long R.,+i before midlength; R2 short,
oblique.

138 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

Female. — Length, 5.5 mm. ; wing, 4.6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment brownish-
yellow, the second segment yellow with the apex darker ; flagellar segments
long-oval, dark brown the black verticils longer than the segments. Head
brownish.

Mesonotal praescutum reddish-yellow, the extreme margin almost white ;
three black stripes, the median one shiny, broadest in front, becoming indis-
tinct behind ; lateral -stripes rounded-oval ; scutal lobes blackish, the median
area paler; scutellum largely dark; postnotum black, the lateral portions
white. Pleura whitish, a broad black dorsal stripe extending from the cer-
vical sclerites to the abdomen ; sternites dark brownish-black. Halteres pale
brown, the knobs darker brown with the extreme tips yellowish. Legs with
the coxae the trochaners whitish ; femora yellow with the extreme tips brown ;
tibiae yellow, the tips blackened ; metatarsi yellowish, brownish at the tips ;
remainder of the tarsi dark brown. Wings with a faint brownish-gray tinge,
the costal region more yellowish ; stigma small, pale brown ; veins dark brown,
those of the costal region more yellowish. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 10) : Sc
very long, terminating just before the fork of the sector; Sc2 far removed
from the tip of Sc1 ; Rs long, almost straight beyond the origin ; r before the
middle of the long 7?2+3 ; R.2 short, oblique, a little shorter than R„+3 ; cell 1st
M2 open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M3 ; petiole of cell M, a little
shorter than the cell ; basal deflection of Cux at the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, the sternites paler; ovipositor reddish; tergal
valves of the ovipositor long and but slightly upcurved, acute at the tips ; the
shorter sternal valves bear long fringes of hairs along the margin. The abdo-
men of the type is partly filled with large eggs which give a dark color to that
part of the body.

Habitat: Panama (Darien).

Holotype, 5> Ri° Chico, near the mouth of the Rio Porcona,
Department of Panama, August 4, 1918 (Axel Olsson).

This handsome little species is obviously related to the type of
the subgenus, G. (G.) slossoncc Alex., but differs from it in the diag-
nostic characters outlined above.

Gonomyia (Leiponeura) gladiator new species.

Generally similar to G. (L.) pleuralis (Will.) and related species ; outer
angle of the hypopygial pleurite produced into a slender, chitinized hook that
is longer than the pleurite alone.

Male. — Length, 5.5-6.4 mm.; wing, 4 mm.

Female. — Length, 6.7-6.8 mm. ; wing, 4.5-4.7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape brownish-yellow,
the flagellum dark brown, in the male with exceedingly elongate verticils.
Head yellowish, darker medially.

Disk of the mesonotum rich brown, the margin light yellow. Pleura

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 139

yellow with two very broad dark brown stripes, the dorsal one much broader
than the narrow ventral stripe, which, in turn, is still narrower than the pale
vitta enclosed. Halteres short, dark. Legs with the coxae pale, excepting the
outer face of the fore coxa and the extreme base of the middle coxa which
are dark colored ; trochanters dull yellow ; femora dull yellow, darker near
the tips; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong grayish-brown
suffusion, darkest on the anterior half, in cell R3 and along the cord ; stigma
oval, dark brown, situated in the pale cell Rv Venation (Plate I, Fig. 11):
Sc moderately long, ending before the origin of the sector, the distance be-
tween them a little greater than the basal deflection of Rt+^; inner end of cell
1st Ma pointed ; basal deflection of Cux just before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, paler sublaterally, the lateral and posterior
margins dark ; sternites dull yellowish-brown, darker posteriorly. Hypopy-
gium with the pleural pieces short and stout, the outer angle (ventral apical
appendage) produced into a slender slightly curved chitinized hook that is
about one and one-half times the length of the pleurite itself and much longer
than the pleural appendages, on the outer face near the base with a small
setigerous tubercle. Dorsal apical appendage elongate-cylindrical, fleshy, with
rather numerous long hairs; internal apical appendage semi-flattened, the inner
margin with numerous stout spines that are more powerful at the tip of the
organ. Gonapophyses short but powerful, the dorsal pair smooth with about
four chitinized points, the largest pair of which are bent dorsad, the ventral
pair more slender and directed caudad. Ventral gonapophyses terminating in
two short chitinized teeth that are separated by a deep V-shaped notch, the
face with numerous setigerous tubercles.

Habitat: Panama (Darien).

Holotype, <£, Real de Santa Maria, Department of Panama, April
10, 1918 (Axel Olsson).
Allotopotype, J.
Paratopotypes, 10 <£ ^-

Gonomyia (Leiponeura) producta new species.

Generally similar to G. (L.) scimitar Alex.; outer angle of the pleurite of
the hypopygium produced into a slender cylindrical fleshy lobe.

Male. — Length, about 3 mm. ; wing, 3.2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark colored. Head dark.

Mesonotum rich brown, the praescutum margined with yellowish ; the
centers of the scutal lobes dark brown, the median area bright yellow ; scu-
tcllum orange, darker basally ; postnotum yellow with the center darker. Pleura
dark purplish-brown with a broad yellow longitudinal stripe. Halteres short,
yellow. Legs with the coxae dark purplish-brown; trochanters dull yellowish-
brown, the remainder of the legs broken. Wings subhyaline ; stigma indis-
tinct ; veins yellowish-brown. Venation about as in G. puer Alex, and
related species; Sc rather short, ending before the origin of the sector; veins

140 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVo1- xxvu.

i?4+5 and M1+<. very close together at the wing margin, the distance separating
them less than half the length of m.

Abdomen dark brown above, the dorso-median line and the posterior
margins of the segments a little darker; sternites somewhat paler. Hypo-
pygium with the dorsal angle of the pleurites produced caudad as a slender
cylindrical fleshy appendage that is blunt at the tip and sparsely provided
with coarse hairs. Ventral pleural appendage a slender curved hook, as in
G. scimitar Alex, and related species, but even longer, more slender and more
curved, bent ventrad, caudad and slightly laterad, the tip acute. The apical
inner angle of the pleurite is produced into a short, compressed blade. The
penis-guard and gonapophyses extend just beyond the base of the dorsal
pleural appendage, pale, with the apex bifid.

Habitat : Lesser Antilles.

Holotype, £, Antigua, sweeping at Blubber Valley, March, 1908
(H. A. Ballou).

Type in the collection of Mr. C. W. Johnson.

In G. scimitar we get an approach to the accentuated condition oc-
curring in G. producta, but here the dorsal outer angle of the pleurite
is but slightly produced, not more than one-third the length of the
pleurite.

Gonomyia (Leiponeura) extensa Alex.

1914. Gonomyia {Leiponeura) extensa Alex.; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol.
40, p. 243.

One male, two females, Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, Dec. 12-14,
1912 (J. Zetek). These agree closely with the type, but the chitinized
pleural appendages of the hypopygium lack the acute spines at the
tips which may possibly be broken off. The species has been re-
corded only from British Guiana.

Genus Trentepohlia Bigot.
Subgenus Neomongoma, new subgenus.

Two branches of Media reach the wing-margin, M3 and Cu1 being
entirely distinct ; Cu2 and 1st A widely separated at the wing-margin.

Type of the subgenus. — Mongoma disjuncta Alex. (Brazil).

The large genus Trentepohlia {Mongoma) has been variously
subdivided by recent workers on the Tipulidae. It seems convenient,
at least, to recognize some of these groups as subgenera. The four
that seem best defined are as follows :

1. Trentepohlia Bigot (type trentepohUi (Wied.)); syn. Mongomio-
ides Brunetti (type trentepohUi (Wied.)).

June-Sept., 1919-] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 141

2. Mongoma Westwood (type fragillima (Westw.)).

3. Paramongoma Brunetti (type albitarsis (Dol.)); syn. Mongomella

Enderlein (type pallida (Will.)).

4. Neomongoma, new (type disjuncta (Alex.)).

These groups may be separated by the following key:

1. Vein and cell M3 present (t. e., 4 posterior cells) 2

Vein and cell M3 lacking (/. e., 3 posterior cells) 3

2. Cell Cu widely open at the wing-margin (New World) . .Neomongoma new.
Cell Cu closed by the fusion of Cn2 and 1st A at the wing-margin (Old

World) Mongoma Westwood.

3. Cell 1st M.2 open by the atrophy of m ; cell Cu closed by the fusion of

Cu2 and 1st A at the wing margin (Old World) ... .Trentepohlia Bigot.
Cell 1st M2 closed ; cell Cu open at the wing-margin (mostly New

World; one species in Java) Paramongoma Brunetti.

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) albitarsis (Dol.) of Java.

This is a very rare species that has apparently not been found
since its original discovery. To judge from Brunetti's recharacter-
ization of the insect it agrees well with the Neotropical species of
the subgenus except that the sector continues to the inner angle of
cell 1st M2 obliterating the deflection of vein Ri+i.

The most generalized member of the genus so far made known
is T. disjuncta (Alex.) ; the most specialized are species of the sub-
genus Trentepohlia of the gracilis group (gracilis (End.), zambezice
(Alex.), nigroapicalis (Brum), etc.).

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) sororcula new species.

General coloration light brown, tibiae broadly white at the tips ; all the
tarsi white ; wings with the stigma pale.

Male. — Length, 7 mm.; wing, 6.2 mm.; hind leg, femur, 11.3 mm.; tibia,
1 1.7 mm.

Female. — Length, 8.6 mm.; wing, 6.3 mm.; fore leg, femur, 10.2 mm.;
tibia, 1 1.4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae dark brown, the flagellar segments
almost cylindrical and rather elongate. Head brown.

Thorax shiny light brown, the pleura slightly more yellowish. Halteres
short, brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish ; femora light
brownish-yellow, the tips narrowly (.6-. 9 mm.) white; tibiae with a white
basal band that is subequal to or a little narrower than the apical ring of
the femur; remainder of the tibiae brown except the broad (3.3-4 mm.) white
tips; tarsi white. Wings with a slight yellowish tinge; stigma small, rounded,
pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 15): basal deflection
of Cu1 just before the fork of M.

142 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Abdominal tergites pale brown, the sternites still paler ; female ovipositor
with the elongate acicular valves of this group of species.

Habitat: Panama (Darien).

Holotype, <$, Between the Rio Capeti and the Rio Yape, Depart-
ment of Panama, June 27, 1918 (Axel Olsson).

Allotopotype, 2-

In its uniformly white tarsi this species is allied to T. leucoxena
(Alex.) of Mexico, a large species that is much darker colored, the
stigma dark brown, the legs dark brown with the white femoral and
tibial tips much wider, etc. It is probable that all of the known mem-
bers of the bromeliadicola group of the genus breed in the water and
detritus that accumulates in the leaf axils of bromeliaceous plants.
The species of this group of the subgenus may be separated as
follows:

1. All the tarsi white 2

Not as above ; at least the fore and middle tarsi dark or else the meta-
tarsi ringed basally with black 3

2. Larger ; abdominal tergites laterally yellowish ; stigma dark brown

(Mexico) leucoxena (Alex.).

Small and uniformly pale brown in color; stigma pale (Panama),

sororcula n. sp.

3. All the tarsi dark brown 4

Not as above ; at least the hind tarsi with white 5

4. Tibiae with the extreme tips white (Costa Rica) ... .bromeliadicola (Alex.).
Tibiae dark brown beyond the base (British Guiana) .. .geniculuta (Alex.).

5. Hind tarsi white; middle tarsi brown (British Guiana) ... .pallipes (Alex.).
All the tarsi white, the metatarsi with the basal quarter black (Panama),

metatarsata (Alex.).
Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken.

Gnophomyia laticincta new species.

Coloration reddish-brown ; femora pale brown, broadly tipped with darker ;
wings subhyaline with a broad indistinct band along the cord.

Male. — Length, 7.8 mm. ; wing, 7.5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi short, dark brown. Antennae moderately elongated,
reddish-brown, the flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, covered with a pale
pubescence. Head reddish-brown ; eyes large.

Mesonotum reddish-brown, the praescutum with the four stripes confluent
and rather indistinct; humeral regions and the lateral margins more yellowish.
Pleura pale with indistinct dark markings, sparsely gray pruinose. Halteres
pale, reddish-brown basally, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae pale,
sparsely gray pruinose ; trochanters pale brown ; femora pale brown, the tips
broadly darkened and weakly incrassated ; tibiae brown, the tips narrowly

June-Sept, 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 143

darkened ; tarsi brown, darker apically. Wings broad, very pale brown ; a
broad pale brown band across the disk at the cord, the inner margin of this
pale fascia just proximad of the cord, the outer margin just outside the end
of cell 1st M2, the center of which is paler than the ends ; stigma elongate,
dark brown ; costal and subcostal veins yellowish, other veins dark brown.
Venation (Plate I, Fig. 14) : Sc long ending just before r; Rs long, straight;
R2+3 rather short, a little longer than the basal deflection of Cu-i ; deflection of
i?4+5 lacking, Rs in alignment with Ri+5 ; cell 1st M2 rather long and narrow,
the proximal end narrowed ; basal deflection of Cut just before midlength of
cell 1st M2.

Abdomen reddish-brown, the sternites brighter; hypopygium pale. Hypo-
pygium with the pleurites stout; dorsal pleural appendage short, the proximal
angle produced into a dark cylindrical arm that is sparsely clothed with long
coarse hairs at the tip and along the outer face; ventral pleural appendage
longer, strongly curved, the apex rather blunt and unarmed.

Habitat : Panama.

Holotype, J1, Porto Bello, April 19, 1912 (August Busck).

Type in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Gnophomyia lachrymosa new species.

General coloration dark brown ; mesonotum with sparse yellowish mark-
ings ; halteres black throughout ; wings uniformly darkened.

Male. — Length, 6.5 mm. ; wing, 6.4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the basal segments dark
brown, the flagellum broken. Head dark brown, the vertex greatly narrowed.

Thorax discolored in the type ; praescutum dark brown with the lateral
margin and the humeral region paler; scutum with the posterior margin and
postnotum with the lateral margin pale. Pleura pale with a broad and rather
ill-defined dark brown dorsal stripe. Halteres short, blackish throughout.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale brown, remainder of the legs broken.
Wings narrow with a uniform slight dusky tinge ; stigma indistinct ; veins
dark brown. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 13) : Sc long, ending opposite the oblique
r ; Rs oblique, almost straight, in a line with Ri+5 ; 7?2+3 a little shorter than
Rs ; r at the fork of R2+3; R2 and R3 long, parallel; deflection of i?4+5 lacking;
basal deflection of Cut at about one-fourth to one-fifth the length of the long
cell 1st M2.

Abdomen dark brownish-black, the hypopygium a little more reddish.
Hypopygium with the pleurites rather short and stout ; dorsal pleural append-
age a long, compressed basal arm with the tip almost squarely truncated ;
ventral pleural appendage longer, slightly curved, broadest basally, the dorsal
portion tapering gradually to the acute blackened apex, the surface
sculptured; on the ventral face before the tip with a very acute slender
appressed spine.

Habitat : Panama.

144 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

Holotype, J1, Porto Bello, February 15, 191 1 (August Busck).

Type in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

This species is evidently allied to G. maestitia Alex, of Peru, but
is easily distinguished by the wing-pattern and venation. In maestitia
the sector and R2+s are very short, r inserted on the very long R„;
deflection of RM distinct, subequal to r too long, about half of the
size m; cell 1st M2 very long and narrow with the basal deflection of
Cul at or beyond midlength. This species and G. laticincta run close
to G. subhyalina Alex, and form a group of nearly related insects.

Gnophomyia olssoni new species.

Antenna of the male elongated ; wings with a strong pubescence in the
apical cells ; tibiae and tarsi whitish.

Male. — Length about 3 mm.; wring, 3.3 mm.; antennas about 2 mm.

The type is mounted in balsam.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae of the male elongated, more
than half the length of the body, dark brown ; flagellar segments very elongate-
cylindrical, densely clothed with abundant stiff, erect hairs ; flagellar segments
gradually shortened toward the end of the antenna, the last segment about
one-third the size of the penultimate. Head brown.

Thorax brown, the pleura more yellowish. Halteres brown, the knobs
darker. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish-brown ; femora brown ;
tibiae brown passing into whitish at about one-third the length ; tarsi whitish,
the terminal segments broken. Wings with a strong brown tinge ; stigma
indistinct; veins dark brown; a very strong but sparse pubescence in the
apical cells. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 12) : Sc long, ending just beyond the
fork of the sector ; Sc„ at the tip of 5"^ ; Rs long, arcuated at origin ; R2+3
about one-half the length of the sector ; r oblique, inserted on R2 ; r-m long,
arcuated ; cell 1st M2 small, closed ; basal deflection of CuL nearly opposite
midlength of cell 1st M2.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites paler; hypopygium broken.

Habitat: Panama.
Holotype, g, Rio Cana, Department of Bocas del Toro, September
25, I9I7 (Axel Olsson).

The generic reference may possibly be questioned by some, but
there is no other group that can receive this aberrant species. It
agrees with G. luctuosa O. S. in the strongly pubescent wings, but the
elongate antennae of the male is an unusual feature in the genus. I
take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting fly to its collector,
my intimate friend, Dr. Axel Olsson.

:9i9-] Alexander: Neotropical Crake-FudBs. 145

A Key to the Am: Species :? I-: ithoicyia C

[. A supen or i?. z

~ _ or R3 3

2. Cross-vein befcrr gth of vein Rz ir. - ::

mm.: mesonotum orange: abdomen': lac -

(Brazil. nrfithorai

Cros- \ i 7_ in ; -. '. .."'_-

5 mm.; thorax iark brow: - - .

brown diversified « □ e and brow- ; legs

feOSa

3. Wings - . 4

Wings j

black throughe-.:: . antennae ::' the male short legs

lucrnosa O. S.

Coloration br: i nae of the male el: -

::sh. (.Panama clssrr.: - ;;

J/2 open. (Wi aperca Z

closed 6

6. S rg gth about :_ mm : color -ax and

abdomen which are orar_ ~acr_ i~ . ..

Size smal ogth under io mm.; coloral - :ve

~. Wings uniform in color or ir. -

brown and -- inded S

Wings pale with dar - or ss-bands or iark Is

S. Knobs of haltere; ; 9

Ha roughout 10

o. Wings larkez :r:s::s5.rr. I

Wings , iir.ally sti - - - ::-::-

10. R,.s very srron; ; s orig -

- :tor; J?a short not para - ucaata.

Vena::;:: not as above - -

ii. Wings slig

maestitii

Wings rm :-

- lai :

t rusty i - - feiiugittea

ngs -

(Brazfl.)

. - , ver 6 mm ogs slig

-

14. Wings brown bands j

Wings - - 5 19

15. Vein Rj ay s - 1 ■ Rs 16

- - Rf

146 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo>- xxvii.

16. A basal band in addition to the one at the cord. (Brazil.), .hirsuta Alex.
A dark band at the cord. (Peru, Panama.) pervicax Alex.

17. Coloration black; wings subhyaline with two dark bands. (Brazil.)

osten sackeni Skuse.
Not as above 18

18. Wings brown with a still darker band at the cord maestitia Alex.

Wings subhyaline with a broad indistinct brownish band along the

cord ; coloration reddish-brown. (Panama.) laticincta n. sp.

19. Wings brownish with two subhyaline bands. (Brazil.) caloptera O. S.

Wings subhyaline with an indistinct hyaline cross-band just beyond

the cord. (C. and S. America.) subhyalina Alex.

Genus Limnqphila Macquart.
Subgenus Limnophilella new subgenus.

Similar to Limnophila in the strict sense ; wing-venation with the
radial sector angulated or spurred at origin ; r far removed from the
tip of R1; basal deflection of Cu1 before the fork of M ; 2nd anal
cell narrow; halteres very long and slender; tibial spurs of medium
size ; abdomen elongate.

Type of the subgenus. — Limnophila cpiphragmoides Alex.
(Brazil). The new species described below is congeneric. In prac-
tically all the genera and subgenera related to Limnophila the basal
deflection of Cux is underneath the cell 1st M„; in Dactylolabis it is
inserted usually at the fork of M. In the two species included in
this new group the deflection is inserted on M far before its fork
and I have no doubt of the validity of such a group which may
include many species when the fauna of tropical America is better
known.

Limnophila (Limnophilella) victor new species.

General coloration dark brown including the legs and slender halteres;
wings subhyaline with a heavy brown pattern ; Rs long spurred at origin ;
petiole of cell M± rather long; basal deflection of C«j slightly before the fork
of M ; abdomen with the sternites ringed with brown.

Female. — Length, 11.4 mm.; wing, 10.2 mm.; halteres, 2.3 mm. Middle
leg, femur, 6.7 mm. ; tibia, 9 mm. ; hind leg, femur, 7.2 mm. ; tibia, 9.8 mm.

Rostrum rather light brown, palpi darker brown. Antennae dark brown,
rather elongate for this sex. Head light colored.

Thorax dark brown, the mesonotal stripes indistinct. Pleura pale testa-
ceous with large indistinct darker blotches. Halteres very long, slender, dark
brown throughout. Legs dark brown, the femora a little paler at the base.
Wings narrow, subhyaline, with a heavy brown pattern ; cells C and Sc more

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 147

yellowish ; the large brown markings are well scattered over the disk as shown
in the figure ; veins brown. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 6) : Sc long, Sc2 at its tip,
ending beyond the fork of R2+3 ; r removed from the tip of i?j ; Rs square at its
origin and at the angle with a very long spur that is longer than R2+3 ; 7?2+3
a little longer than the basal deflection of Cut which is inserted before the
fork of M ; petiole of cell Mt a little longer than R2+3; 2d A long, ending oppo-
site the base of the sector; second anal cell moderately broad.

Abdomen elongate, the tergites dark brown ; sternites dull yellowish with
the segments ringed subbasally and more narrowly apically with brown ; valves
of the ovipositor short, the tergal valves strongly upcurved, with the tips
subacute.

Habitat: Panama (Darien).

Holotype, J, Quebrada Richa, a branch of the Rio Tapaliza, a
branch of the Rio Pucro, Department of Panama, altitude 1300 feet,
July 24, 1918 (Axel Olsson).

This interesting species is allied to L. cpipJiragmoidcs Alex.
(Brazil), but is readily separated by the diagnostic characters
given above.

Genus Epiphragma Osten Sacken.

Epiphragma varia (Wied.).

1828. Limnobia varia Wied; Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., Vol. 1, p. 573.

One male specimen from the Quebrada Richa, a branch of the Rio
Tapaliza, a branch of the Rio Pucro, Department of Panama,
Panama, altitude 1,300 feet, July 24, 1918 (Axel Olsson). The
species had been recorded only from Brazil.

Genus Eriocera Macquart.
Eriocera columbiana new species.

Coloration a deep intense black throughout.

Male. — Length, about 10.5 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.; fore legs, femur, 6.6
mm.; tibia, 8.4 mm.; hind leg, femur, 8.3 mm., tibia, 10.8 mm.

Coloration a deep intense black throughout. Thoracic dorsum shiny.
Wing broad; Sc moderately long, ending before midlength of i?2+3 ; r near the
tip of R1 and inserted on R-2 ; basal deflection of Af1+2 a little arcuated, the
inner end of cell 1st M2 slightly more proximad than cell /?5 ; cell Mt lacking;
basal deflection of Cux inserted at about one-third the length of cell 1st M2 ;
C»! and Cu. subequal (Plate I, Fig. 8).

Habitat. — Colombia.

Holotype, <£, Bolivar, December 21, 1916 (E. B. and J. H.
Williamson).

148 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

Eriocera argentina new species.

Coloration black throughout ; antennae short ; a narrow gray line around
the inner margin of the eyes ; wings with cell Mx lacking.

Male. — Length, 11-11.4 mm.; wing, 9.3-10 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short, black. Head with the frontal
tubercle prominent, divided into two parts by a broad median furrow ; head
black with a narrow gray line surrounding the outer side of the frontal tu-
bercle and continued back around the inner margin of the eye.

Mesonotal praescutum with a sparse gray bloom on the restricted inter-
spaces, the stripes very broad, black; scutum, scutellum and postnotum black.
Pleura and coxae black with a very sparse gray bloom. Halteres and legs
black. Wings strongly suffused with blackish ; costal region a little darker ;
veins black. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 7) : r inserted on R2, just beyond the
fork of R2+s and near the tip of R1 ; cell Mi lacking.

Abdomen black.

Habitat: Argentina.

Holotype, J\ La Plaza, Province of Catamarca, altitude 2,400
meters, February 18, 191 5 (P. Jorgensen).
Paratopotype, £.
The types bear the label " on the rivulets."

Genus Penthoptera Schiner.

Penthoptera sanctae-martae new species.

Coloration dark brownish-black ; legs dark, the tarsi largely pure white ;
wings strongly infumed ; cell Mt lacking.

Male. — Length, about 6.5 mm. ; wing, 8.3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish-black. Antennae rather short, black.
Head black with a sparse grayish bloom.

Mesonotum dark brownish-black. Pleura a little grayish. Halteres long,
dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dark brown ; femora dark
brown, the extreme bases yellowish ; tibiae dark brown ; metatarsi with the
basal two-thirds dark brown, on the hind legs less extensive, occupying less
than the basal half; remainder of the tarsi, excepting the last two segments,
white. Wings with a strong brown tinge, the costal region and the wing-apex
a little darker ; stigma small, oval, dark brown ; veins dark brown. Venation
(Plate I, Fig. 9) : r at the tip of Rx; deflection of Ri+5 obliterated, r-m being
inserted just before the fork of the sector; cell Mt lacking; r-m and the inner
end of 1st M2 in alignment ; basal deflection of Cut far beyond midlength of
cell 1st M2 ; second anal vein very short.

Abdomen dark brownish-black, the genital segment a little brighter.

Habitat: Colombia.

Holotype, g, Santa Marta Mt., December 31, 1916 (E. B. and J.
H. Williamson).

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 149

In the lack of cell Mt of the wings, this species is evidently allied
to P. conjuncta Alex. (Psyche, vol. 21, pp. 44, 45; pi. 4, fig. 2; 1914)
of Guatemala; the latter is a larger species (wing over 9 mm.);
with the mesonotum yellowish-brown, the praescutum with four dark
brown markings, the pleura yellowish; femora yellowish-brown;
wings subhyaline with the tip darkened. The venation of the two
species is quite distinct, in conjuncta the basal deflection of /?4+5 being
long, ce.ll 1st M2 more elongate, with the basal deflection of Cu^ in-
serted at about midlength and the second anal vein decidedly longer.

Genus Tanypremna Osten Sacken.

Tanypremna fuscitarsis new species.

General coloration chestnut-brown, the praescutum with darker brown
humeral angles ; legs dark brown with only a narrow white band before the
tips of the tibiae; wings subhyaline; abdomen greenish-brown, the tergites
banded with paler.

Male. — Length, 26.5 mm.; wing, 15.6 mm.

Fore leg, femur, 12. 1 mm.; tibia, 12.7 mm.; hind leg, femur, 13.2 mm.;
tibia, 14.3 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, pale greenish-white, the rostrum
and palpi brown or the latter a little more greenish. Antennae short, the three
basal segments pale yellowish ; flagellar segments dark brown. Head pale
golden-yellow with a narrow dark brown median line.

Mesonotal praescutum chestnut with a dark brown median stripe ; the
usual lateral stripes are separated from the median stripe by deep impressed
furrows ; a triangular yellowish mark on the lateral margins of the praescutum,
continued anteriorly along the lateral margin of the median stripe and so
cutting off a broad triangular dark brown mark at the humeral angles ; scu-
tellum brown, the median area depressed; scutellum pale; postnotum dark
brown, the margins pale. Pleura pale greenish-yellow, the dorso-pleural mem-
branes dusky. Halteres pale basally, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the
coxae pale, the outer faces a little infumed ; trochanters greenish, a little infus-
cated beneath ; femora dark brown, more greenish basally ; tibiae dark brownish-
black, a narrow (1.5 mm ) white band before the broader (about 2.5 mm.)
dark tip ; tarsi dark brown. Wings in the teneral type, pale, the stigma
darker. Venation (Plate I, Fig. 16) : Rs short, straight, oblique, a little
shorter than 7?2+3 ; R2 running close to Ru the cell 2d Rx being very long and
narrow ; deflection of i?4+!i short or punctiform ; cell 1st M2 elongate.

Abdominal tergites greenish-brown with an indistinct pale transverse band
dt about midlength of the segments ; basal tergites with a pale area at the
anterior lateral margin ; lateral line dark brown ; sternites yellow, the apices
of the segments brown, the basal segments strongly greenish.

Habitat : Colombia.

150 Journal New York Entomological Society, tvoi. xxvu.

Holotype, J1, Santa Marta Mt., December 29, 1916 (Jesse H.
Williamson).

In my key to the species of the genus Tanypremna (Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc, vol. 22, pp. 207, 208; 1914) this species falls naturally into
the first group of the genus, longipcs (Fabr.), manicata O. S. and
longissima (End.) from all of which it differs notably in the uni-
formly dark-colored tarsi.

Tanypremna longipes (Fabr.).

1805. Tipula longipes Fabr.; Syst. Antl., p. 25.

A male from Cristalina, Colombia, February 17, 191 7 (E. B.
Williamson).

Tanypremna opilio O. S.

1886. Tanypremna opilio O. S. ; Biol. Cent. Amer., Dipt., Vol. 1, p. 19,
PI. 1, Fig. 2.

A male from Sibube, Department of Bocas del Toro, Panama,
June 1, 1917 (Axel Olsson).

Genus Brachypremna Osten Sacken.

Brachypremna Candida Alex.

19 12. Brachypremna Candida Alex.; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 20,
P- 233.

A few specimens from Guabito, Sixola, Department of Bocas del
Toro, Panama, May 24, 1917 (Axel Olsson). The species had
hitherto been recorded only from South America.

Brachypremna unicolor O. S.

1887. Brachypremna unicolor O. S. ; Berl. Ent. Zeit, Vol. 31, Pt. 2, pp.
239, 240.

A few specimens from Sanchez, Santo Domingo, June 7-12,
1915, in the collection of the American Museum.

Genus Tipula Linnaeus.

Tipula andalgala new species.

Belongs to the monilifera group ; a delicate brown line extending from
the front to near the end of the abdomen ; antennae moderately elongated and
of a normal Tipuline structure, bicolorous ; thoracic dorsum gray ; abdomen
trivittate and with a brown subterminal ring ; female with the wings semi-
atrophied.

Male. — Length, about 13-14 mm.; wing, 15-15. 5 mm.

Female. — Length, about 26-27 mm. ; wing, 1 1 mm.

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES. 151

Male. — Frontal prolongation of the head moderately long, dull yellow,
more brownish laterally ; r.asus distinct. Antennae elongate, if bent back-
ward extending about to the base of the abdomen ; scape and the first segment
of the flagellum dull yellow, the remainder of the flagellum yellow with the
basal swelling black, the terminal segments more brownish throughout. Head
light gray or yellowish-gray with a narrow dark brown median line extending
from the frontal tubercle caudad, somewhat interrupted on the vertex.

Mesonotal praescutum brownish-yellow, narrowly striped with darker
brown; a narrow median stripe, broadened behind and attaining the suture;
on either side of the middle stripe a pale brown line which evidently repre-
sents the outer border of the indistinct intermediate stripe, behind converging
and fusing with the middle stripe at the suture ; lateral stripes likewise repre-
sented only by a narrow dark margin ; thoracic interspaces with brown setiger-
ous punctures ; scutum gray with the median area narrowly dark brown, a
continuation of the median praescutal stripe ; a less distinct dark oblique mark
on the outer half of the scutal lobes; scutellum buff with a narrow median
brown line ; postnotum gray with an indistinct median dark brown line.
Pleura light gray with indistinct darker markings. Halteres dull brownish
yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae pale yellow, gray pruinose ;
trochanters dull yellow ; femora brownish-yellow, brightened at the base, the
apex broadly dark brown ; tibia brownish-yellow, the tip narrowly dark brown ;
tarsi yellowish-brown. Wings with a gray suffusion ; costal region brighter
yellowish ; wings with brown spots and clouds ; a brown spot at the arculus ;
a brown spot before midlength of the distance before the origin of the sector
and another at the origin of the sector, these two latter connected in cell R ;
stigma brown, continued down onto the cord ; cloudings in the apical cells,
along the deflection of Cux, in cell M at about midlength and in the anal cell.
Venation : petiole of cell M1 short, about as long as, or very little longer than, r.

Abdomen brownish-yellow, segments seven and eight dark brown; tergites
with an indistinct narrow dark brown median line and a narrow dark brown
sublateral stripe ; extreme lateral margins of the sclerites grayish. Hypo-
pygium with the ninth tergite broadest basally, the sides sloping, the caudal
margin with a V-shaped notch ; lateral lobes broad, truncated at their apices ;
a broad dorso-median depression. Ninth pleurite small, complete, at its
proximo-ventral angles with a small hemispherical lobe that is covered with a
dense pale pubescence and a few long hairs; the outer pleural appendage
elongate, pale, with long hairs. Ninth sternite deeply incised on the mid-
line, but connected basally. Eighth sternite with a trifid appendage, the
median lobe of which is between two and three times the length of the short
lateral lobes and feebly carinate on the ventral face.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the abdomen more elongated ; the
setigerous punctures on the praescutal interspaces more prominent, but the
lateral stripes of both praescutum and scutum obsolete. Wings semiatrophied,
slightly reduced in length and greatly in width, the pattern and venation dis-
torted. Abdominal tergites with a punctured rectangular area on either side

152 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

of the median dorsal stripe, on segments three to seven subbasal in position ;
dorsal median stripe very broad. Ovipositor with the tergal valves long and
slender, acicular, lying almost parallel ; sternal valves shorter and deeper.

Habitat : Argentina.

Holotype, J1, Cerro de Carocal, Catamarca, altitude 3,100 meters,
February 17, 1915 (P. Jorgensen).

Allotopotype, 5-

Paratype, g, Andalgala, Catamarca, altitude 1,000 meters, August
1, 1914 (P. Jorgensen).

This new species belongs to the monilifera group of the genus,
which has been discussed in some detail by the writer (Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, vol. 42, pp. 23-30, pis. 3-5, 1916) and is of exceptional
interest as belonging to the intermediate group of species, falling
between the forms with short antennae and those with elongate
organs. In the present species the antennae are quite normally
tipuline in structure; the lateral lobes of the trifid appendage on the
eighth sternite are shorter than in exilis Alex. (Peru), but longer
than in jivaro Alex. (Ecuador). The semiatrophied wings of the
female sex are interesting.

The specific name, andalgala, is that of a Calchaqui tribe of this
region.

Tipula spinicauda new species.

Belongs to the longitarsis group ; general coloration brown ; abdomen
reddish-yellow, in the male with' a subterminal black ring; wings dusky with
the costal region dark brown; male hypopygium with the lateral angles of the
ninth tergite produced caudad into straight chitinized arms that are minutely
spinulose on their inner faces.

Male. — Length, about 14 mm.; wing, 12.5 mm.; antennae, about 6.5 mm.;
fore leg, femur, 9.6 mm.; tibia, 12. 1 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head short, brown, the nasus distinct. Palpi
long, brown. Antenna; with the scapal segments dull yellow, the flagellum
black, the first segment a little paler at the extreme base; flagellar segments
elongated. Head brown.

Mesonotum rich reddish-brown without distinct stripes, the praescutum
brighter laterally ; scutal lobes darker. Pleura yellowish-buff. Halteres brown.
Legs long and slender, the coxae and trochanters buff, femora dark brown,
paler basally ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a decided dusky tinge,
cells C and Sc and the stigma dark brown ; apex of the wing in cells R2 and
i?3 infumed ; indistinct brown seams along the veins that include and lie be-
yond the cord ; veins dark brown ; small obliterative areas before the stigma,
in the end of cell R, base of cell 1st M2 and the base of Mt. Venation : R,

Joarn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XVII.

Tipulidae.

June-Sept., 1919.] ALEXANDER: NEOTROPICAL CRANE-FLIES.

153

distinct, a little shorter than 7?2+3 ; Rs a little shorter than 7?3, petiole of cell
Mi moderate, about as long as R2+3 ; fusion of Cux and iW3+4 subpunctiform.

Abdomen reddish-yellow, tergites six, seven, and the basal two-thirds of
eight black, the lateral margins reddish, those of segment eight broadly so ;
sternites similar, segment seven black. Male hypopygium with the ninth ter-
gite extensive, the caudal margin with a deep U-shaped notch, the lateral
angles produced caudad into long straight arms that are heavily chitinized at
their tips, the inner face minutely and densely spinulose ; along the margin
of the notch of the tergite these spines are less numerous and much more
slender; sides of the tergite with numerous long hairs. Ninth pleurite small,
complete ; outer pleural appendage a semichitinized curved hook that is swollen
basally, blackened at the acute tip ; inner pleural appendage irregularly com-
pressed into a flattened blade whose cephalic margin is produced into two
short blackened points with a narrow rounded notch between them. Eighth
sternite on the caudal margin with a large flattened concave appendage that
is almost bifid medially by a deep notch, the surface with a dense white pubes-
cence, on the margin a long spine.

Habitat: Panama (Darien).

Holotype, J\ Rio Chico, Department of Panama, near the mouth
of the Rio Porcona, August 4, 1918 (Axel Olsson).

T. spinicauda belongs to the group of T. longitarsis Macq. and
is to be confused only with T. appcndens (End.) of Ecuador and T.
tabida End. of Peru. The latter species has the antennae bicolorous,
the legs brownish-yellow and the eighth tergite black. T. appcndens
has the male antenna? nearly as long as the body (length 9 mm. ;
antenna 8.5 mm.), the legs brownish-yellow and the wing-pattern and
venation distinct. The similar T. aymara Alex. (Bolivia) and T.
parishi Alex. (Brazil) are readily distinguished by the male hypo-
pygia. T. longitarsis Macq. has a large brown mark near the middle
of the wine-disk on vein Cn.

Fig.

1

Wing

Fig.

2.

Wing

Fig.

3-

Wing

Fig.

4-

Wing

Fig.

5-

Wing

Fig.

6.

Wing

Fig.

7

Wing

Fig.

8

Wing

Fig.

9-

Wing

Fig.

10.

Wing

Explanation of Plate XVII.

of Geranomyia nigripleura new species.

of Peripheroptera subandina new species.

of Dicranomyia jorgenseni new species.

of Rhamphidia albitarsis fuscipes new subspecies.

of Rhamphidia albitarsis fumipennis new subspecies.

of Limnophila (Limnophilella) victor new species.

of Eriocera argentina new species.

of Eriocera columbiana new species.

of Pcnthoptera sanctcr-marta new species.

of Gonomyia (Gonoviyella) subcostata new species.

154 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Wing of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) gladiator new species.
Wing of Gnophomyia olssoni new species.
Wing of Gnophomyia lachrymosa new species.
Wing of Gnophomyia laticincta new species.
Wing of Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) sororcula new species.
Wing of Tanypremna fuscitarsis new species.
Sc = subcosta ; R = radius ; M = media ; Cu = cubitus.

Fig.

1 1.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

13.

Fig.

14.

Fig.

IS-

Fig.

16.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EGG-LAYING OF THE

CADDICE-FLY BRACHYCENTRUS NIGRISOMA

BANKS, AND ON THE HABITS OF THE

YOUNG LARViE.1

By Helen E. Murphy,
Ithaca, N. Y.

In the upland bogs near McLean, New York, there is a tributary
of Beaver Creek that flows over a sediment-covered bed well shaded
by trees, dashes into the open, over rocks and boulders for about fifty
rods, then again disappears into the woods. In this restricted open
area the square built cases of the larva of the caddis-fly are found
attached to the upper surfaces of the stones in mid stream. Mr. J.
T. Lloyd studied them here, and published a preliminary account of
the habits of this species, with a partial life-history in 1915.2 It is
the purpose of this paper to record some further observations, espe-
cially upon oviposition and the habits of the young larvae.

During the latter part of May, generally on the late afternoon of a
clear day, females come out from hiding in crevices of the bark of
the trees. Swiftly and warily they fly along the bank, just above the
surface of the water. Then one will enter the water, and while

1 Of the European species, Herr Georg Ulmer in " Die Siisswasser Fauna
Deutschlands ; Trichoptera," describes the immature stages of B. subnubilis
and records that it inhabits sluggish waters, rich in plants. The larvae build
square cases at first, but older cases are often found with the corners rounded.
The pupal cases are cylindrical. B. montanus inhabits rocky streams. The
cases are regularly four-sided, made of small slender pieces of sticks, leaves,
and bark. The pupal cases are the same kind.

2 Pomona, Jour, of Ent., 7: 81-86, plate.

June-Sept., 1919.] MURPHY '. EGG-LAYING OF BRACHYCENTRUS. 155

entirely or partially submerged, with no air evident clinging to the
body, she will excitedly walk around over the stones from three to
five minutes. Suddenly she rises and extrudes the egg mass, attach-
ing one end to some support. This accomplished, she slowly and very
weakly crawls from the water.

The egg mass, Fig. 10, consists of fifty to one hundred eggs
embedded in a gelatinous matrix. The mass is dark-green at first,
irregular in shape, three millimeters long by one and one-half wide.
It soon swells to about three times its original proportions. A coat-
ing of sediment makes concealment almost perfect even while the
mass waves to and fro in the current. The egg is dark-green and
spherical.

Embryonic development is completed in from twenty-one to
twenty-eight days. At the time of hatching, the abdomen starts to
straighten, the legs are thrust downward and the chorion is ruptured
in the region of the second thoracic segment, diagonally opposite the
point of pressure of the legs and abdomen. With the raising of the
head, the chorion is split still farther. Biting with the mandibles
and pushing with the legs, the larva crawls out, leaving the exuvia
inside the chorion. Examination of this cast skin shows a small
chitinous tooth in the region of the clypeus. This so-called " hatch-
ing tooth," which, according to Siltala, is common to all Trichoptera,
apparenly is not functional in this species.

The larvse leave the egg mass at once, hastily scramble over
stones and sticks into the quieter eddies close to the bank. There
they feverishly set about case building. Chewing off a piece of
plant material here, gathering a bit of bark or root fiber there,
covering all with a generous supply of silk, they fashion splendid
little cases. After the first row, which is more or less circular at
first and is altered later, they are square in cross section. The larva
holds the case with the mesothoracic legs, puts the silk-coated ma-
terial in place with prothoracic legs, and tightly shoves it down with
the metathoracic legs. Then the larva turns to the next side and
puts on a piece of material there and so proceeds to each side in
turn.

The cases are completed in about five hours. The larvae then
start to eat. For the first two weeks the food consists entirely of
diatoms such as Meridion, Cymbclla, Navicula, Cocconcma, Fragil-

156 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

laria and Syncdra. This food they obtain by browsing on the stones
and vegetation over which they hastily scramble. At the end of the
third week the green algae (Edogonium, Cladophora, Ulothrix, Cylin-
drospermum, and bits of seed plants are added to the diet.

At the end of the sixth week, the larva is about three-sixteenths
of an inch in length. It now possesses gills and a full armature of
spines on the legs, such as is shown for front and middle legs in
figures 5 and 7. The earlier condition of these same legs is shown
in figures 4 and 6 of the plate. The larvae now leave the quiet
eddies along the bank, and concentrate on the upper surface of the
current-swept boulders. There, with one edge of the front end of
their cases firmly cemented to the stones, they face the current. With
head thrust slightly forward, prothoracic legs extending straight
ahead, mesothoracic legs upward, and metathoracic legs at the sides
(figs. 1, 2), they wait for food.

From a purely herbivorous diet obtained by active searching, they
now become mainly carnivorous, waiting in a most receptive attitude
for whatever may come within their powerful grasp. An examina-
tion of the stomach contents at this time reveals small quantities of
diatoms, slightly larger amounts of the algae and tissue of higher
plant and, by far the greatest in bulk, animal food such as May-fly
nymphs of the genus Heptagenia and Ephemerella, Hydrachnids,
Chironomid larva, small Crustacea, and even Brachycentras larvae.
Fig. 12 is a diagram of the alimentary tract of a larva collected the
latter part of September, when the predominance of animal food was
at its maximum. Compared with that of a younger larva five weeks
old (fig. 11), it shows the fore intestine enlarged and somewhat con-
stricted in the center. The mid intestine is shorter and narrower,
while the hind intestine is larger and relatively longer.

The spinning glands are very well developed, even when the larva
leaves the egg mass. At the base of the labium the two glands join
into a common chitinized duct which forms the silk press. This
leads to an opening at the tip of the labium.

In the laboratory, larval habits were best observed by using a
piece of thin glass tubing one-half inch in diameter. This was
heated and carefully flattened on the top to prevent aberration. In-
side the tube fine sand and small stones were attached to the bottom
by means of commercial glass cement. A cap of ordinary window

June-Sept., 1919.] MuRPHY : EGG-LAYING OF BRACHYCENTRUS. 157

screen fastened over the rear end of the tube prevented the larvae
from escaping and did not hinder the attachment of rubber tubing
for an outlet. At the other end was fitted another piece of tubing
which connected with a small glass funnel. This funnel was fastened
just under the faucet. The desired amount of water could be easily
regulated at any time, and the funnel furnished a means of intro-
ducing food.

Larvae introduced into the stream passing through this tube soon
attached their cases and assumed their characteristic attitude. Others
were artificially fastened to stones in various positions. So long as
the larvae were facing the current, the legs were in the normal posi-
tion. It did not seem to make much difference whether the larvae
were right or wrong side up in their cases. One specimen stayed
ventral side up for over a week before it took the trouble to turn
over. Those larvae that did not face the current, after vain attempts
to detach their cases, left them, and proceeded to build new ones.
These they attached in the characteristic manner.

The larvae apparently fail to recognize any food that is not moved
into their grasp. Cyclops and water fleas, when held in the stream
just in front of the larvae, were absolutely ignored; but when allowed
to float down with the current, were quickly seized and devoured. A
waterflea, fully one-half the length of a larva was grasped and
hugged bear-fashion by the legs that are all armed with powerful
curved claws and strong spines (figs. 5, 7). Two very tough
Hydrachnids suffered a like experience with the same larva. They
were torn in pieces by the strong mandibles armed with sharp teeth
(fig. 9) with a speed and regularity that well may be compared with
a saw-mill.

Brachycentrus larvae when placed in still water will assume their
characteristic attitude of out-stretched legs. With Cyclops and
water fleas within easy reach, passing to and fro, in and out of the
case, not the slightest attempt was made to obtain a morsel. The
current again started, however, the first unsuspecting intruder was
caught and greedily devoured.

The spines on the femur of the meso- (fig. 7) and metathoracic
legs (very similar) may serve as plankton seives. Finely powdered
carmine introduced into the stream could be seen strained and caught
on these. Then the short spines and row of long straw-colored hairs

158 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

on the inner edge of the femur of the prothoracic legs (fig. 5) were
used to scrape off the particles and transfer them to the mouth parts.
A subsequent examination of the stomach revealed the presence of
the carmine there.

When a quantity of material, such as bits of plant tissue, pieces
of wood, bark, or silt, was introduced into the stream, the larvae
would rear themselves out of their cases far enough to expose the
entire thorax, and proceed to comb it with the mesothoracic legs in
a single swift stroke. Then the prothoracic legs were used to re-
move the material and convey it to the mouth-parts, where it was as
eagerly chewed as though it were the daintiest of morsels. Examina-
tion of the thorax (fig. 3) shows heavily chitinized pieces on the
dorsum of the meso- and meta-thorax, bearing long forward pro-
jecting spines which overlap diagonally, forming a sort of meshwork
above the thorax at the head end of the case. In-as-much as this
habit seems prevalent, only at those times when the water contains
a large amount of sediment and fine debris, it seems probable that
the primary reason for this action is to keep the passageway open for
a good stream of water through the case, and that the food-getting
is a secondary matter and quite incidental.

Through the winter the larvae feed but little, and then on diatoms
mainly. With the lowering of the water after the spring freshets,
during the middle of April, the larvae fasten their square cases firmly
to the stones. Then they feverishly set about spinning a silken
sheet of lining, that is perforated in the center, at both ends. These
tough cases may persist two or three seasons after the occupants have
finished with them. Secure within their cases, the larvae gradually
go into a deep sleep and peacefully dream of becoming caddice-flies.

Explanation of Plate XVIII.

Brachycentrus nigrisoma Banks.

Dorsal aspect of larva in attitude of waiting for prey.

Front aspect of larva in attitude of waiting for prey.

Diagram of thorax of larva.

Prothoracic leg of larva three weeks old.

Prothoracic leg of larva four months old.

Mesothoracic leg of larva three weeks old.

Mesothoracic leg of larva four months old.

Part of comb of mesothoracic leg of larva, in detail, four

Fig

1.

Fig

2.

Fig

3-

Fig

4-

Fig

5-

Fig

6.

Fig

7-

Fig

8.

months

old.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XVIII.

Brachycentris nigrisoma Banks

June-Sept., 1919.] WOODRUFF : ALABAMA BUTTERFLIES. 1.V.I

Fig. 9. Mandible of larva.

Fig. 10. Egg mass.

Fig. 11. Diagram of alimentary canal of larva fi\<- weeks old ; fini, fore
intestine; mint, mid intestine, hint, hind intestine; mt, malphighian tubule;
sc], spinning gland ; sf, silk press.

Fig. 12. Diagram of alimental canal of larva four months old, spinning
glands removed.

FALL NOTES ON SOME ALABAMA BUTTERFLIES.

By Lewis B. Woodruff,
New York, N. Y.

It so happens that comparatively little has found its way on
record concerning the butterflies to be found in that part of our
country comprised within the boundaries of the state of Alabama.
In the belief that the little I am able to offer toward supplying this
lack may prove of interest, the following notes are submitted re-
specting those species met with during a short visit to the south-
central part of that state in the late fall of 19 18.

The exact locality was a plantation home in the midst of wide
acres under cultivation in the so-called black-belt, four or five miles
beyond the settlement of Hazen which lies about seventy miles south-
west of Montgomery. Here I spent the last ten days of October
and the first week in November, housed by almost continuous rains
accompanied by chill winds. But occasionally there would be sun-
shine for an hour or so, rarely all day; and although the season of
flowers was past, the few wild asters along the fences being soon
stripped of their blooms by the storms, butterflies of certain species
abounded, fluttering over the grass everywhere. Perhaps the most
abundant was Eurymus eurytheme Bdv., form amphidusa Bdv., show-
ing a wide range in the proportionate extent of the orange and
yellow suffusion, with here and there a female of the white form
corresponding to the white female of E. philodice Godt. of our
northern meadows. The latter species was also present, although
in comparative scarcity. A close rival in abundance to E. eurytheme,
and hovering over the grass in close association with it, was Eurema
euterpe Men., familiar to us in the neighborhood of this city. This
genus was represented by four species, all oi them door-yard fliers,

160 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

Eurema euterpe, referred to above, E. dclia Gram., flying with it
though not nearly so numerous, and in the field hard to distinguish
from it until captured, so rapidly does it move its wings with the tell-
tale band on the primaries' lower margin. And as for the delia
females I suspect that many a specimen was overlooked, being misled
by its euterpe -like dress. E. jucunda Bdv. all but escaped me too,
looking like a faded dclia; while E. nicippe Cram., the fourth, de-
manded sharp attention to differentiate the occasional example from
the hosts of male Eurymus eurytheme. Of the Hesperids Pyrgus
tessellata Scud, was distinctly a meadow species, very abundant,
rarely rising in its flight above the tops of the grasses, that is, above
eight or ten inches from the ground surface, and from the freshness
of many of the specimens noted evidently a brood just emerged.
Lerodea eufala Edw. was also taken in the grass; but Atalopcdes
campestris Bdv. was found only on the aster blossoms, which dis-
appeared during the last week in October. Another species that
proved especially partial to the asters was Dione vanilla Linn., most
numerous, and in life with the most brilliant red coat of any of our
red butterflies. It was a constant joy to see them clinging to the
swaying stems, generally two or more on the same flower spray, or
fluttering in their quest for a more tempting feast. Phyciodes tharos
Dru. was everywhere in the grass; Vanessa virginiensis Dru., better
known to most of us as huntera, was another old acquaintance, but
by no means common ; while in the fields Euptoieta claudia Cram., a
very few Danaus archippus Fab., and an occasional ubiquitous
Pieris rapes Linn, were noted. The dry limerock road in front of
the house had its frequenters too, including Polygonia interrogationis
Fabr., and the little peacock Junonia cosnia Hubn. Close to the house
in a bed of garden asters Papilio cresphontes Cram, lingered too long
for his own good; while flying high overhead, bound for other parts,
black swallow-tails were sometimes seen, of which the only one
taken proved to be P. philcnor Linn.

My most important observations however were the following, one
having to do with a new record for the section treated of, the other
with an interesting manifestation of instinct in a common southern
species. On the fourth of November, a bit further afield than I was
wont to wander, I saw what I supposed was a tailed Polygonia, but
having netted it discovered I had taken an Ana a, presumably portia

June-Sept., I9I9-] WOODRUFF : ALABAMA BUTTERFLIES. 161

Fabr., and I so labelled it. Upon consulting tbe books for the re-
corded range of that species after my return north, and becoming
more than doubtful of the correctness of my identification, I brought
it over to the American Museum, and there sought the good offices
of Mr. Frank E. Watson, with the result that we may now add a
state as far southeast as Alabama to the known range of Ancea andria
Scud., heretofore given as comprising the Mississippi Valley west to
Texas.

My other observation has to do with Catopsilia cubule Linn.
Throughout my stay, day after day, whenever the rain would let up,
these rather heavy but withal swift fliers were passing overhead from
a little west of north to a little east of south, apparently in a bee line
for the Florida peninsula. Never in a swarm, sometimes fifteen or
more minutes apart, they passed by ones, twos, threes, in a con-
tinuous stream ; never aimlessly fluttering about, never changing their
general direction, but high up in air, usually far beyond reach of my
net, and with remarkable speed, they journeyed almost in the teeth
of the prevailing southeasterly wind, with every indication of con-
sciously seeking a definite distant goal. I had almost despaired of
netting any of them, until during the first week in November I dis-
covered that a large ochra planting, in full bloom back of the house,
would occasionally tempt one or two to turn aside from the business
in hand and for a brief space settle to a draught from the deep
corolla of their blooms. And I know of no butterfly, no matter how
protectively marked its under surface, that so perfectly melts into
its resting place as does enbule when sipping the nectar from these
blossoms, the match in shade and seeming texture being so exact. In
this patch of ochra, by dint of patient waiting, a considerable series
was taken, including several males of the color-form scnncv Linn.
But those that escaped me never lingered long at the feast, soon
rejoining the straggling cavalcade they had left, apparently intent on
reaching warmer climes before the threatening frosts should over-
take them. A migration was evidently in progress, one shared in by
no other species, and persisted in by this frail and delicate looking
butterfly in spite of an adverse head wind.1

1 Since the above was written Mr. Charles W. Leng has kindly called my
attention to an almost exactly similar observation of a migratorial flight of
this butterfly at Fayette Court House, i 10 miles northwest of Hazen, by Mr.
John M. Davis, which was recorded in Insect Life, III, p. 335.

162 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
HIPPODAMIA (COLEOPTERA).1

By P. H. Timberlake,
Honolulu, T. H.

The writer has been studying our North American species of
Hippodamia for several years past, and presents the results of his
studies at the present time as a solicitation for additional material
much needed to complete the work. Our species have been studied
from a new angle with gratifying result, namely by the aid of char-
acters residing in the male genitalia. The writer has carried on
extensive breeding work also with several of the species, which has
thrown much light on the extent of variation in the thoracic and
elytral markings.

Before proceeding further it might be well to review briefly the
work of other writers during the last two decades. Colonel Casey
has produced two important articles2 on our species, and has done
much in elucidating and describing not a few of the western forms.
Although his work can not be considered conservative and is not
entirely free from errors of identification it has done much to stimu-
late other workers. It is apparent now that some of his species are
merely forms or geographical races which may be recognized as
subspecies. Mir. Leng3 on the other hand appears to the writer to be
somewhat too conservative in his treatment of the species so that
the actual status of our forms in a general way lies somewhere
between the extremes set up respectively by him and Colonel Casey.
Another important contribution to the knowledge of our species is
R. A. Johnson's " Determinate Evolution in the Color Pattern of the
Lady-beetles."4 Mr. Johnson attacks the subject from the standpoint
of the experimental biologist and is much less successful in his taxo-
nomic treatment. On this account his treatment of Hippodamia con-

1 Contributions from Experiment Station, H. S. P. A.

2 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, Vol. 7, pp. 61-169, June, 1899 ; Canad. Entom.,
Vol. 40, pp. 393-421, Nov., 1908.

3 Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, Vol. 11, pp. 35-45, pi. 4, Mar., 1903.

4 Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. No. 122, pp. i-iv, 1-104, figs. 1-92,
June, 1910.

June-Sept., 1919.] TlMBERLAKE! HlPPODAMIA, 163

vergens is preposterous and the biological data and conclusions drawn
therefrom are vitiated by the fact that he confused at least six valid
species under this name, viz., convergent, moesta, extensa, 15-macn-
lata, 5-signata and lecontei. His treatment of the other species is
more sonservative and for the most part not open to this objection.

It is also necessary to consider the status of the genus Spilota
Billberg5 to which Mr. H. S. Barber has called the writer's attention
as a possible substitute for Hippodamia. Apparently this genus was
validly proposed and is open to use. Billberg included at least eight
described species with references to Schonherr6 although he gave no
description. The genus was proposed as a segregate of Coccinella
and included those species known to Billberg which on the whole
were more slender and spotted than those remaining in Coccinella.
So far as the writer can determine this was practically Billberg's sole
conception of his genus, sufficiently vague as it may seem. The genus
has never been recognized or brought into use by subsequent authors
and it seems advisable to reach some conclusion at this time concern-
ing its status, whether to suppress it definitely as a synonym if that
is possible, or let it replace some later name.

In selecting a genotype for Spilota it seems best to pursue the
same course that would be applicable if it had been long in use, that
is to consider all subsequent genera as its segregates. This pro-
cedure in some cases may distort the author's conception of the genus
in question, but on the other hand is less liable to upset the current
nomenclature. Pursuant to this course wre find that after Anisosticta,
Mcgilla, Hippodamia, Adonia and Aphidecta with their validly in-
cluded species have been excluded from consideration there is only
one species left in Billberg's list, viz., 11-punctata. This species is
therefore definitely chosen as the genotype of Spilota Billberg,
although it may be observed that the first species of the list, 19-
punctata, the genotype of Anisosticta, probably conforms the most
closely to Billberg's conception. 11-pnnctatc of Billberg and Schon-
herr is evidently Linne's species7 and a slightly aberrant Cocinclla,
so that Spilota thus sinks as a synonym of Coccinella Linne. This
may not seem quite just when Spilota was proposed as a segregate

5 Enumeratio Insectorum in Museum Billberg, p. 61, 1820.
G Synonyma Insectorum, Vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 185, 1808.
7 Systema Naturae, p. 366, 1758.

j

164 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1VoL xxvu.

of CoccincUa and included species which have been relegated to other
genera by all modern writers, yet Billberg's work was too indefinite
and obscure to be taken too seriously, and the writer feels that few
workers will object to seeing the name suppressed, instead of being
revived for such long-established genera as either Anisosticta or
Hippodamia. Billberg's use of the name, however, invalidates Spilota
Burmeister, 1844, a segregate of Anomala, which must sink as a
homonym.

Hippodamia Chevrolat.

Hippodamia Chevrolat, in Dejean's Cat. Coleop., ed. 1833, p. 432, 1833 (or
1834?).

Type of genus : Coccinella 13-punctata Linne, designated by
Crotch.8

Our North American species may be divided into four natural
groups by means of the male genitalia as follows :

13-punctata group. yEdeagus slender, bent almost double upon
itself, a little thickened just beyond the bend, its dorsal, subapical
flaps small and membranous; lateral lobes of the theca (tegmen of
Sharp and Muir9) unusually large and wide; the posterior lobe of
theca abruptly bent downward at the apical third and provided with
a distinct chitinized plate beneath, which bears a rather long, linear
lobe on each side at the posterior corners, and a pair of median lobes,
much longer, reaching nearly to the apex of the theca and frequently
after drying bent abruptly outward at their middle.

Parenthesis group. ^Edeagus slender, moderately bent in a half
circle or a little more, enlarged or somewhat thickened at the dorsal,
subapical flaps which are triangular in shape and rather well chitin-
ized; lateral lobes of theca slender; the posterior lobe of theca rather
small and narrow, its apex produced into a slender, simple or barbed
point.

Convcrgcns group. yEdeagus slender, moderately curved, not
thickened or hardly so at the dorsal, subapical flaps, which are more
or less membranous and linear; lateral lobes of theca slender; the
posterior lobe of theca generally wider and more depressed than in
the preceding group, its apex merely acute or produced into a slender,
simple point.

8 Revision of the Coccinellidse, p. 94, 1874.

9 The Comparative Anatomy of the Male Genitalia Tube in Coleoptera,
Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1912, pp. 477-642, pi. 42-78, Dec, 1912.

June-Sept., 1919.] TlMBERLAKE: HlPPODAMIA. 165

Glacialis group, ^deagus much thickened throughout, generally
bent nearly double upon itself, the dorsal, subapical flaps strongly
chitinized except at apex, and undergoing various modifications in
shape, but never exactly as described in the preceding groups ; lateral
lobes of theca slender; the posterior lobe of theca rather large, broad
and considerably deeper than in the convergent group, its apex with
an obliquely inclined portion limited by a strongly developed trans-
verse keel, which is either straight or deeply emarginate.

13-punctata Group.

1. Hippodamia tibialis (Say).

Coccinella tibialis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 4, p. 94, 1824.
Hippodamia 13-punctata of American writers, not Linne.

This is the only species of the group in North America and
although very closely allied to 13-punctata (Linne) of Europe it
seems to be sufficiently distinct. In 13-punctata from Spandau,
Prussia (Th. Pergande), the posterior lobe of the theca is abruptly
widened close to the apex, its sides in dorsal view meet in a right
angle at the apex and are slightly emarginate. In tibialis the pos-
terior lobe is only slightly and gradually widened near the apex, its
sides are straight and meet more acutely at the apex. Strange as it
may seem at first thought, a male from Gifu, Japan (Y. Nava),
exhibits the tibialis character slightly more accentuated even than in
North American specimens. The writer has studied the genitalia of
tibialis from St. Anthony Park, Minnesota (R. A. Vickery) ; Madi-
son*, South Dakota (R. A. Vickery) ; Tower City, North Dakota
(Miriam W. Reeves) and from Taylorsville, Utah (P. H.
Timberlake).

Parenthesis Group.

2. Hippodamia parenthesis (Say).

Coccinella parenthesis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 4, p. 93>

1824.
Coccinella tridens Kirby, Fauna borealis-Americana, pt. 4, p. 229, 1837.

In this species the posterior lobe of the theca is not compressed
beneath and its apex is produced into a short, barbed point. The
genitalia have been examined in specimens from West Springfield,
Massachusetts (H. E. Smith) ; Hagerstown, Maryland (J. A.
Hyslop) ; Tower City, North Dakota (Miriam W. Reeves) ; Fort

166 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Collins, Colorado (C. R. Jones), and Murray, Utah (W. L. Bevon).
The species is remarkably constant on the whole throughout its range,
and there seems to be no tendency toward the formation of geo-
graphical races.

3. Hippodamia lunatomaculata Motschulsky.

Hippodamia lunatomaculata Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow, Vol.

18, p. 382, pi. 7, fig. 8, 1845.
Hippodamia parenthesis in part of Crotch, Casey, Leng, Johnson, etc.
Subspecies or Varieties :

Hippodamia apicalis Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, Vol. 7, p. 81, 1899.
Hippodamia parenthesis expurgata Casey, Canad. Entom., Vol. 40, p. 400, 1908.

This species is distinguished from parenthesis by having the
posterior lobe of the theca strongly compressed beneath, its apex
truncate with a slender, median, unbarbed point. The writer has
examined specimens of this species from Tillamook, Wilsonville and
Forest Grove, Oregon (Creel and Rockwood) ; Salt Lake City, Utah
(P. H. Timberlake) ; Evenston and Lyman, Wyoming (E. J. Vosler).
A species as found in the lowlands of the Pacific Coast in California
and Oregon has been confused with parenthesis, as the elytral mark-
ings are practically the same, although there is some difference in
the thoracic markings as pointed out by Johnson. In the interior
and Rocky Mountain region it has become differentiated into a suffi-
ciently distinct geographical race or subspecies, described by Casey
under the name of apicalis. Casey's expurgata on the other hand
seems to the writer to be hardly more than an individual variation,
although it may possibly have become stabilized in some restricted
localities. A fairly large proportion of the specimens from Tilla-
mook, Oregon, are of this variety, the rest being typical lunatoma-
culata, with intermediate forms.

The writer has crossed parenthesis from Utah with lunatomaculata
from Oregon and has found the union perfectly fertile in all cases.
The genitalia of the resulting offspring is almost exactly intermediate
between those of the parent species. Although the range of these
two species overlap considerably in the Rocky Mountain region there
is no evidence to show that they thus interbreed in nature. Since
male Hippodamia are not at all adverse to mating with any female
they find, even if belonging to another species, it would be too much

June-Sept., 19 19. ] TlMBERLAKE : HlPPODAMIA. 167

to suppose that mating between parenthesis and lunatomacidata
apicalis never takes place in nature. Such unions, however, are
probably relatively rare, and in the case of any one female its results
might well be nullified by the prepotency of the much more frequent
intraspecific matings.

The writer has also examined the genitalia of a third species be-
longing to this group from Mineral King, Tulare County, California,
in the collection of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, but the specimen is not at
hand for description. It is a heavily vittate form intermediate be-
tween typical apicalis and lengi Johnson, and may prove to be the
latter species. Much more material in this group is needed, how-
ever, from the mountains of California and other parts of the West
before our knowledge of lengi and its variations is complete.

Convergens Group.

The species allied to convergens, so far as their genitalia have
been studied, may be separated as follows :

1. Posterior lobe of theca without a small, acute tooth, on each side near apex. 2
Posterior lobe of theca with a small, acute tooth on each side near apex,

beyond which it slopes downward and backward to an acute, slightly-
produced point, and is somewhat longitudinally furrowed on its dorsal
surface, the concavity being most pronounced between the subapical
teeth 4- sinuata Mulsant.

2. Posterior lobe of theca without a transverse carina 4

Posterior lobe of theca with a trnnsverse carina a little beyond the

middle 3

3. Posterior lobe narrow, triangularly tapering from base to apex; its dorsal

surface in front of carina slightly concave, the surface beyond the
carina sloping downward and produced into a rather long, slender
process as seen from above, but in side view continuous with tfcc
strongly compressed cancave sides of the under surface.

5. 15-maculata Mulsant.
Posterior lobe rather short and wide, its lateral margins as seen from above
slightly convex to near the apex, then abruptly narrowed and produced
into a short, acute point ; its dorsal surface in front of the carina
somewhat concave, but beyond the carina sloping downward to the
apex ; the under surface somewhat compressed especially towards the
apex 6. cockerelli Johnson.

4. Posterior lobe of theca comparatively large or about as long as the basal

part 5

168 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Posterior lobe short and thick or about one-half as long as the basal part
of theca, its dorsal surface plane except on the apical part where it is
slightly convex ; the lateral margins parallel until near the apex, where
they abruptly converge and meet in an acute point ; the under surface
not compressed and provided with a short, rounded membranous flap
on each side near the base, which usually projects so as to be visible in

dorsal view 7. lecontei Mulsant.

5. Posterior lobe of theca rather narrow, with subparallel margins arcuately
converging near apex which is produced into a short, rather slender
process ; the dorsal surface of lobe somewhat convex, the under sur-
face depressed ; the dorsal, subapical flaps of sdeagus obliquely truncate
at apex, the apical portion of sedeagus about twice as long as the flaps.

8. convergens Guerin.
Posterior lobe of theca wider than in convergens, the lateral margins as
seen from above moderately arcuate, the apex produced into a rather
long, slender process ; the dorsal, subapical flaps of ffideagus rounded at
apex, the apical portion of sedeagus about one-half longer again than
the flaps 9. moesta Leconte.

4. Hippodamia sinuata Mulsant.

Hippodamia sinuata Mulsant. Species des Coleopteres trimeres securipalpes,

p. 101 1, 1851.
Hippodamia trivittata Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, Vol. 7, p. 81, 1899.
Subspecies or Varieties :
Hippodamia spuria Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 13, p.

358, 1861.
Hippodamia complex Casey, ibidem, p. 80.
Hippodamia crotchi, Casey, ibidem, p. 80.
Hippodamia americana Casey (not Crotch), ibidem, p. 80.

This species is decidedly variable and it is divisible so far as it
has been studied by the writer into three well-marked subspecies.
One, the typical sinuata (trivittata Casey) is found in the marshes of
San Francisco Bay and along the Sacramento River in California.
The second is the Oregon race described by Leconte as spuria, dis-
tinguished by the heavy, more or less transverse postmedian spots
and the expanded sutural spot. Crotchi and complex of Casey seem
to be individual variations connecting with typical sinuata, as no
proof has been advanced to show that they have become established
races. The third race is that found in Utah and Colorado, dis-
tinguished from spuria by the paler coloration, being generally
suffused with yellowish in life, the scutellar spot narrow and often

June-Sept., 1919-] TlMBERLAKE : HlPPODAMIA. 169

prolonged to the middle or beyond, the humeral, postmedian and sub-
apical spots small and generally separate, although the postmedian
pair are not infrequently united. This subspecies has not been
named apparently and may be called Hippodamia sinuata disjuncta
n. subsp., described from thirty-one type and paratype specimens from
Salt Lake City and IVJurray, Utah. Casey described it under the
name of spuria and his americana (not Crotch) seems hardly more
than an individual variation. The type of disjuncta will be placed in
the U. S. National Museum.

5. Hippodamia 15-maculata Mulsant.

Hippodamia 15-maculata Mulsant, Species des Coleopteres trimeres securi-
palpes, p. 20, 1851.

This species which is often confused with convcrgcns has the
genitalia very distinct from any other species. Two males have
been examined, one from Badger, Nebraska (W. C. Colt), and the
other from Batchawaung Bay, Lake Superior, Ontario (Hubbard and
Schwarz).

6. Hippodamia cockerelli Johnson.

Hippodamia cockerelli Johnson, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 122, p. 49,
fig- 33, 1910.

The type of this species in the U. S. National Museum has been
studied and it has been the only specimen examined.

Orcgoucnsis Crotch and dispar, lilliputana and puncticoilis of
Casey have not been studied. They all seem to be closely related,
and some of them if not all are likely to prove to be forms of one
species to which cockerelli may also belong.

7. Hippodamia lecontei Mulsant.

Hippodamia lecontei Mulsant, Species des Coleopteres trimeres securipalpes,
p. 1010, 1851.

This species seems to be distributed throughout the Rocky Moun-
tain region, but does not appear to be readily divisible into geographic
races. Specimens with the basal bar broken up into a scutellar and
the humeral spots occur in most localities apparently in about equal
numbers with the form having the basal bar complete. Mulsauti
Leconte, abducens Casey and bozvditchi Johnson are probably forms
of this species. It is frequently mistaken for H. 5-signata (Kirby).

170 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvir.

8. Hippodamia convergens Guerin.

Hippodamia convergens Guerin, Iconogr. Regne Animal, p. 321, 1846.

This species throughout its vast range from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and from Washington and Massachusetts southward into
Mexico is remarkably constant and the writer has not discovered the
slightest tendency toward the formation of geographic races. A
small percentage of the beetles in any part of its range has the elytral
spots reduced or even altogether absent, and much more rarely the
thoracic discal spots are absent. Another uncommon variation is that
in which the postmedian spots are somewhat enlarged and united,
and sometimes even the outer postmedian spot may be found jointed
with the subapical spot. The writer has never seen an individual in
which the inner postmedian and subapical spots have become united,
but this variation presumably occurs occasionally, and Casey's jnncta,
therefore, is probably nothing but an individal variant of convergens.
On one occasion at Salt Lake City, Utah, a pair of convergens were
reared from larvae collected on a sunny bank in the early spring,
which have the scutellar and postscutellar spots united and enlarged
to form a broad subcrescentiform band extending back nearly to the
inner postmedian spots. From these beetles a large series was bred,
which contained both normally and abnormally marked individuals.
In some of the latter the band has become jointed with the humeral
spots and in others with the inner postmedian spots. All these varia-
tions probably occur but little more frequently if at all in the Western
States than in the Eastern. Johnson's statement, therefore, that con-
vergens " flies to pieces " in the West is entirely erroneous, and based
upon his confusion with convergens of some five other species.

9. Hippodamia moesta Leconte,

Hippodamia moesta Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 7, p. i9>
1S54.

This species which is apparently confined to the North West
Coastal region is most closely related to convergens in the genitalic
characters. The writer has examined one male from Monroe, Wash-
ington, in the collection of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke.

Glacialis Group.

The four species belonging in this group may be separated as
follows :

June-Sept., 1919.] TlMBERLAKE: HlPPODAMIA. 171

1. The transverse keel near apex of the posterior lobe of theca deeply emar-

ginate 2

The transverse keel not emarginate ; the posterior lobe of theca rather thick
dorsoventrally, more nearly terete than in the other groups, tapering
gradually from the base to the keel and then more abruptly to the acute
apex ; its dorsal surface rather flat, the apical portion sloping downward
and backward from the margin of the keel 10. 5-signata (Kirby).

2. Emargination of the transverse keel rounded 3

Emargination of the transverse keel acutely angled ; the posterior lobe of

theca of the same general shape as in 5-signata, but as seen from above
the lateral margins are slightly emarginately rounded and somewhat
expanded at the ends of the keel ; its dorsal surface longitudinally
grooved, the area enclosed within the emargination of the keel in the
form of a rather deep, rounded depression ; the apical portion obliquely
inclined from the margin of the keel, the apex of the emargination
reaching nearly two-thirds of the distance to the apex of the lobe.

11. extensa Mulsant.

3. Posterior lobe of theca much as in 5-signata, but a little wider, more de-

pressed, less tapering toward the apex and wider at the transverse keel ;
its dorsal surface slightly longitudinally grooved in the middle on the
basal part, the area enclosed by the keel somewhat obliquely inclined,
but hardly concave ; the apical portion obliquely inclined from the mar-
gin of the keel, the apex of the emargination reaching about one-half
of the distance to the apex of the lobe ; dorsal flaps of aedeagus linear,
rounded and membranous at apex, but heavily chitinized at base, the
apical part of aedeagus nearly three times as long as the flaps.

12. glacialis (Fabricius).
Posterior lobe of theca as in glacialis except that the keel is a little more
deeply and more broadly rounded emarginate, the lateral margins as seen
from above nearly parallel as far as the obliquely inclined apical part ;
dorsal flaps of aedeagus chitinized throughout, a little broader toward
the base, and somewhat emarginate on the inner side just before the
apex, the apical part of aedeagus about twice as long as the flaps.

13. Hippodamia sp. indet.
10. Hippodamia quinquesignata (Kirby).

Coccinella 5-signata Kirby, Fauna borealis-Americana, pt. 4, p. 230, pi. 7, fig.
1, 1837.

This species is extremely variable and has become segregated into
numerous geographical races of which the following have been
studied:

Hippodamia coccinea Casey, Canad. Entom., vol. 40, p. 395, 1908.
Hippodamia vernix Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, vol. 7, p. 79,

1899.

172 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Hippodamia uteana Casey, Canad. Entom., vol. 40, p. 397, 1908.
Hippodamia convergent, var. caseyi Johnson, Carnegie Inst., Wash-
ington, Publ. 122, p. 21, 1 910.
Hippodamia ambigua Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia,

vol. 6, p. 131, 1852.
Hippodamia obliqua Casey, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, vol. 7, p. 79,

1899.
Hippodamia politissima Casey, ibidem, p. 80.
Hippodamia punctulata Leconte, ibidem, p. 131.
Hippodamia ambigua of authors, not Leconte.

Besides those enumerated above it is likely that subsimilis Casey
and perhaps leporina Mulsant belong here.

Of the typical 5-signata only one female from Escanaba, Michigan
(Hubbard and Schwarz) has been studied, but the pronotal and
elytral markings are so similar to certain of the western subspecies
and varieties that there is hardly a question but what it is correctly
placed with them. This and the subspecies of the Rocky Mountain
region are characterized by the heaviness of the elytral markings in
varying degrees and in some forms by the brilliancy of the ground
color. Of coccinea a male from Buena Vista, Colorado (Hubbard
and Schwarz) has been studied. Of vernix specimens from Mullan
and Helena, Montana (Hubbard and Schwarz) ; Moccasin, Montana
(S. J. Snow) ; and Buhl, Idaho (L. P. Rockwood) have been ex-
amined. Specimens of uteana have been studied from Enterprise,
Utah (T. R. Chamberlin) and Kaysville and Salt Lake City, Utah
(P. H. Timberlake).

Uteana was found in the vicinity of Salt Lake City quite infre-
quently during the summers of 1913 to 191 5. None was seen in the
summer of 1913, one male only was found on alfalfa in the fall of
1914, but in July, 191 5, some half a dozen specimens were discovered
among great numbers of convergens and sinuata disjuncta on the
flowers of poison hemlock infested with Aphis hcraclei Koch. All
that were found in 1915 were brought to the laboratory and kept
under observation for weeks. It is interesting to note that two or
three of the females proved to be infertile when captured, thus sub-
stantiating the rarity of the spcies in that locality. From these speci-
mens a good series was reared, showing an interesting amount of
variation. Some of the beetles, except for the more brilliant colora-

June-Sept., 1919.] TlMBERLAKE : HlPPODAMIA. 173

tion and somewhat smaller size, were rather like typical 5-signata.
The single specimen taken in 1914, however, verged toward the sub-
species caseyi of Washington. Uteana also ranges westward to the
mountains of California, as the form figured by Essig in his In-
jurious and Beneficial Insects of California, under the name of
Iccontci, seems to belong here.

As we proceed westward we find the forms of 5-signata char-
acterized by a gradual obliteration of the elytral markings, until on
the Pacific Coast we encounter the spotless subspecies, ambigua and
punctulata. In the case of ambigua this condition is coupled with
enlargement of the white discal marks on the pronotum, and with the
reduction or even the total obliteration of these marks in the case of
punctulata. In the interior valleys of Washington, however, we find
the small-spotted subspecies, caseyi, in which the spots are arranged
much as in convergens. So similar indeed is the arrangement, shape
and size of the spots that some specimens cannot be separated from
convergens with any degree of certainty, unless the student takes
cognizance of the male genitalia. During the summer of 1915 the
writer crossed uteana with punctulata and thus produced a form
similar to caseyi, but with the elytral spots still further reduced or in
part absent. The scutellar and postscutellar spots proved to be the
most constant in the hybrid offspring.

Of caseyi the writer has examined numerous specimens from
Pullman, Washington (G. I. Reeves), and Wenatchee, Washington
(E. J. Newcomer). This form, as mentioned above, might easily
pass for convergens. Mr. Newcomer found it and convergens about
equally abundant at Wenatchee. Ambigua is abundant in parts of
Oregon and the writer has seen many specimens from Forest Grove,
McMinnville, Wilsonville and Millsboro of that State (Creel and
Rockwood), and one specimen from Vancouver, Washington (G. I.
Reeves), which belongs here rather than with caseyi. Punctulata
is extremely common in the lowlands of California and the writer
has examined large series from Berkeley, Milbrae, Sacramento, Pasa-
dena, Whittier, San Diego, etc. (P. H. Timberlake). It has been
called ambigua universally in recent years, although the true ambigua
is the subspecies later redescribed by Casey under the name of obliqua,
of which pollitissima seems to be either a synonym or a minor
variation.

174 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvil,

it. Hippodamia extensa Mulsant.

Hippodamia extensa Mulsant, Species des Coleopteres trimeres securipalpes,
p. 15, 1851.

This species probably has the most limited range of any North
American species, as apparently it is confined to the salt marshes of
San Francisco Bay region, California. The writer has examined
specimens from Alameda and Milbrse (E. C. Van Dyke).

12. Hippodamia glacialis (Fabricius).

Coccinella glacialis Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae, p. 80, 1775.
Coccinella abbreviata Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, p. 54, 1787.
Coccinella remota Weber, Observationes entomologies, p. 49, 1801.

This common Eastern species has been examined from Melrose
Highlands and Forest Hills, Massachusetts (P. H. Timberlake) ;
West Springfield, Massachusetts (H. E. Smith) ; Salisbury, North
Carolina (R. A. Vickery) ; and Tower City, North Dakota (Miriam
W. Reeves).

13. Hippodamia species.

One male from Soda Springs, Idaho, remains undetermined. It
runs to siibsimilis in Casey's tables, and may possibly be that species,
although subsimilis on the other hand might as likely prove to be a
form of 5-signata.

ON THE GENUS RHODESIELLA C. F. ADAMS
(DIPTERA).

By M. Bezzi,

Turin, Italy.

In 1905 Mr. C. F. Adams erected the genus Rhodesiella for a
small South African fly collected in Rhodesia, near Salisbury, Jan-
uary, 1901, by Mr. Frank L. Snow. The new genus was placed in
the family Agromyzid^e, but nothing was said about its natural affini-
ties; the name has subsequently appeared only twice in the diptero-
logical literature, besides the citation in the Zoological Record for
1906, vol. XLIII, p. 391. It was conserved by me in the family
Agromyzidse in my Catalog of the African Diptera (1908, p. 194),
but Prof. Melander has removed it to the Milichiinse in his table of
the genera of the subfamily (1913, p. 237).

june-Sept., 1919.] Bezzi : Rhodesiella. 175

Through the kindness of Mr. Chas. P. Alexander I have recently
received for examination the type of Rhodesiella tarsalis Ad., and
with the greatest interest I have noted that it is the same fly as
described by Prof, de Meijere under the name of Meroscinis scutcl-
lata (1908, p. 172), as collected in Java, near Semarang, also in the
month of January, by Mr. Jacobson. The fly has subsequently been
found in other localities of the Oriental Region, and has also been
recorded by Becker (1910, p. 432) from the Ethiopian Region. I
have, indeed, received it from Ghinda, Erythrsea, by Dr. Alb. Mochi.
The only difference is that the Rhodesian type-specimen has the
third antennal joint nearly black above, while usually it is entirely
yellow.

The fly belongs to the family Chloropidse, subfamily Botanobiinse
(= Oscininse, = Oscinellinse, = Oscinosominffi). The family was
evidently mistaken by Adams on account of the rather developed
fronto-orbital bristles, which are also present in some other genera
of the Chloropidx, but they are inserted near the sides of an evident
frontal triangle. In the original diagnosis of this genus, Adams has
described, however, the apical spinous tubercles of the scutellum, a
feature which is eminently charactristic of the natural group of
flies to which the insect in reality belongs, while it is wanting in the
Agromyzidse and related groups.

Spinous tubercles or spines on the scutellum are an uncommon
feature in the so-called acalyptrate flies. They are found only among
the Borboridse, in the genus Notacanthina, erected in 1835 by Mac-
quart for the Scatophaga bispinosa of Wiedemann; in the Thyreo-
phoridae; in some Heleomyzidae, such as Snillia oxyphora Mik; in
the Rhopalomeridse, chiefly in the genus Rhinotora Schiner ; in some
Ortalidse of the subfamily Platystominae, like the genus Peltacanthina
Enderlein; in the Diopsidse; but chiefly in the numerous forms of
the Chloropidae which are grouped around the cosmopolitan genus
Crassiseta.

In his specific description Adams has, moreover, recorded (p. 198)
the deep angle formed by the fourth longitudinal vein at the hind
cross vein, a character which is well figured by de Meijere in his
original figure (PL IV, fig. 14).

Since the type species of the genus Rhodesiella, R. tarsalis Adams,
1905, is the same insect as the type species of the genus Meroscinis,

176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

M. scittcllata de Meijere, 1908, there can be no donbt but that the
name Rhodesiella Adams, 1905, must be employed in place of the
name Meroscinis de Meijere, 1908.

The Chloropid genus Rhodesiella is a very important one, being
widely spread over the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions, with rather
numerous species, as may be seen from the following list:

Rhodesiella Adams 1905 (= Meroscinis de Meijere 1908),
Sp. typ. tarsalis Adams 1905 (= scutellata de Meijere 1908).

A. From the Oriental Region (arista always pubescent).

a. Scutellum short, rounded at end, with less developed tubercles.

1. R. meijerei Becker (191 1, p. 92) Java.

2. R. tibiella Becker ( 191 1, p. 90) Ceylon.

3. R. latipennis de Meijere (1913, p. 297) Java.

b. Scutellum a little more elongate, but rounded at tip, with less developed

tubercles.

4. R. finitima Becker (1911, p. 92) Formosa and New Guinea.

c. Scutellum elongate, triangular or rectangular, as a rule with more

developed tubercles.

5. R. tarsalis Adams (1905, p. 198) (= scutellata de Meijere 1908, p.

172, PI. IV, fig. 14) Java, Sumatra, Singapore, Formosa.

6. R. nitidifrons Becker (191 1, p. 93) Assam, Java, Formosa.

7. R. sexseta de Meijere (1913, p. 295) Java.

8. R. dimidiata Becker (1911, p. 91) Formosa.

9. R. elegantula Becker (1911, p. 89) Java, Sumatra, Formosa.

10. R. quadriseta de Meijere (1913, p. 296) Java.

11. R. conica Becker (19 11, p. 89) Java.

12. R. recta Becker (191 1, p. 91) Formosa.

13. R. pellucida Becker (1911, p. 92) Java.

14. R. albiseta Becker (1911, p. 93) Java.

B. From the Ethiopian Region.

a. Arista pubescent, wings hyaline.

5 bis. R. tarsalis Ad. (scutellata de Meij.),

Abyssinia, Erythraea, German East Africa, Rhodesia.

15. R. aneifrons Lamb (1912, p. 332, fig. 19, PI. XVI, figs. 6-7),

Seychelles.

16. R. rugosa Lamb (1917, p. 333, PI. XVI, tfig. 8) Seychelles.

12 bis. R. recta Becker British East Africa.

b. Arista pubescent, wings spotted or infuscated.

17. R. plumigera (Loew i860) Becker (1913, p. 156),

Abyssinia, Caffraria.

18. R. cuneata Becker (1913, p. 156) Abyssinia.

19. R. conflitens Becker (1913, p. 157) Abyssinia.

20. R. infumata Becker (1913, p. 158) .Abyssinia, British East Africa.

June-Sept., 1919.]

Bezzi : Rhodesiella.

177

c. Arista quite bare, wings infuscated or even hyaline.

21. R. bicolor Becker (1910, p. 431) German East Africa.

22. R. annulata Becker (1910, p. 432) German East Africa.

23. R. kovicsi Becker (1913, p. 158) Abyssinia.

It is not certain that all the above listed species are valid and
distinct, or whether they belong to one or different genera.

Since the genus RJiodesiella is widely spread over the tropical
countries of the Old World, its presence in tropical America may be
suspected. Indeed, Becker (1912, p. 129) has stated that the
Brazilian Onychaspidium sexdentatum Enderlein ( 191 1, p. 196, fig. 4)
is a species of Rhodesiella (Meroscinis) ; but Enderlein (1913, p.
361) contends that his genus is a sufficiently distinct one, even believ-
ing that my African genus Elaphaspis, 1912, may be the same. More-
over, Enderlein at the same place (1913, p. 361) has said that
his own Leptopeltastes longiscutellata ( 191 1, p. 229) from Brazil is a
Rhodesiella (Meroscinis) ; he also says (pp. 361-362) that the
Oriental Meroscinis meijerei and M. tibiella both belong to his Brazil-
ian genus Coryphisoptron (Discogastrella).

It is interesting to note that in the subfamily Botanobiinoe, the
species having spinous tubercles on the scutellum increase in number
from the temperate to the tropical countries, and are represented by
vicariant forms in the Oriental, Ethiopian and Neotropical Regions.
While the cosmopolitan genus Crassiseta (and in Europe the nearly
related genus Myrmecomorpha = Elachiptera s. str.) is the only one
which has species in the Palasarctic and in the Nearctic Regions,
there are in the warmer parts of Asia, Africa and America numer-
ous forms in which the scutellum shows a very extraordinary shape,
or bears very long spiniform tubercles. In the following table these
forms are enumerated, region for region, and going from those
with less developed scutellar tubercles to those in which this feature
is more intensively marked.

Oriental Region. Ethiopian Region Neotropical Region.

Crassiseta. Crassiseta. Crassiseta.

Rhodesiella. Rhodesiella. Leptopeltastes

Thyridula. Coryphisoptron.

Prionoscelus. Laxobnthmis.

Nomba. Enderleiniella.

Epicelyphus. Pentanotaulax.

Discyphus. Elaphaspis. Acanthopeltastes.

Dactylothyrea. Cyrtomomyia. Onychaspidium.

178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1905. Adams, C. F. Diptera Africana, I. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., Ill, pp.

149-208.
1908. Bezzi, M. Ditteri eritrei raccolti dal Dott. Andreini e dal Prof. Tellini.

Parte seconda, Bull. Soc. ent. ital., XXXIX, pp. 3-199.

1908. de Meijere, J. C. H. Studien tiber siidostasiatische Dipteren, II.

Tijdschr. v. Entom., 41, pp. 105—180, PI. IV.

1909. Corti, E. Contributo alia conoscenza del gruppo delle " Crassiseta " in

Italia (Ditteri). Bull. Soc. ent. ital., XL, pp. 121-162.

1910. Becker, Th. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. I Teil : Pa-

laarktische Region. Archiv. Zoolog. 1, pp. 33-174, PL II, III.
1910. Becker, Th. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. Nachtrag. L.c,

pp. 197-200.
1910. Becker, Th. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. II Teil:

Aethiopische Region. Ann. Mus. nation. Hung., VIII, pp. 377-443,

PL. XIII.

1910. Corti, E. Contributo alia conoscenza del gruppo delle "Crassiseta"

in Italia (Ditt.). 2a Nota. Lav. Istit. Zool. Univ. Pavia, I, pp. 1-19,
fig. 1-26, PL I.

191 1. Becker, Th. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. Ill Teil: Die

indo-australische Region. Ann. Mus. nation. Hung., IX, pp. 35-170,

PL I, II.
191 1. Collin, J. E. Additions and Corrections to the British List of Muscidae

acalyptratas. Chloropidae. Ent. Monthly Mag., (2) XXII, pp. 146-153.
191 1. Enderlein, G. Klassifikation der Oscinosominen. Sitzgsber. Ges. Naturf.

Freund., pp. 185-244, fig. 1-11.

191 1. Enderlein, G. Analytische Tabelle der Gattungen der Chloropiden-

Subfamilie Oscinosominae. Zool. Anz., XXXVIII, pp. 10—13.

1912. Becker, Th. Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. IV Teil ; Neark-

tische Region und V Teil : Neotropische Region. Ann. Mus. nation.
Hung., X, pp. 21-256, PL I.
1912. Bezzi, M. Dipteres recueillis au Congo au dours du voyage de S. A. R.
le Prince Albert de Belgique. Rev. Zool. Afr., II, pp. 79-86, fig. 1.

1912. Lamb, C. G. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean

in 1905. Diptera: Lonchaeidae-Agromyzidae. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don (2), Zool., XV, pp. 303-348, figs. 1-33, Pis. XV-XVL

1913. Becker, Th. Chloropiden aus Abessynien gesammelt von E. Kovacs.

Ann. Mus. nation. Hung., XI, pp. 147-167.
1913. Becker, Th., und de Meijere, J. C. H. Chloropiden aus Java bestimmt

und bershrieben von. Tijdschr. v. Entom., LVI, pp. 283-307.
1913. Enderlein, G. Dipterologische Studien, IV. Neues und altes iiber

Chloropiden. Zool. Anz., XLII, pp. 352-374, figs. 1-2 1.
1913. Malloch, J. R. Notes on the synonymy of some genera and species in

the Chloropidae (Dipt.). Can. Ent., XLV, pp. 175-178.

June-Sept, i9 1 9-] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 179

1913. Melaxder, A. L. A synopsis of the dipterous groups Agromyzinae, Mili-

chiinse, Ochthiphilinse and Geomyzinse. Jonrn. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXI,

pp. 219-300, PI. VIII.
191 5. Becker, Th. Diptera Brachycera (1 re parte). Alhiaud et Jeannel

Voyage en Afr. orient., Ins. Dipt. V, pp. 147-190, PI. I.
1915. de Meijere, J. C. H. Fauna simalurensis — Diptera. Tijdschr.v. Entoin.,

LVIII, pp. 1-63, PI. I.
191 5. de Meijere, J. C. H. Studien vtber siidostasiatische Dipteren, X. Dip-

teren von Sumatra. Tijdschr. v. Entorn., LVIII, pp. 64-97, PL II.
19 1 8. de Meijere, J. C. H. Studien uber siidostasiatische Dipteren, XIV.

Verzeichnis der von mir behandelten Arten. Tijdschr. v. Entom.,

LX, pp. 275-369.

CICADAS OF THE GENERA OKANAGANA, TIBICIN-
OIDES AND OKANAGODES, WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF SEVERAL NEW SPECIES.

By Wm. T. Davis,
New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

The genus Okanagana probably contains more species of cicadas
than any other in North America, and they are also in many instances
quite hard to separate. In the northeastern part of the continent
there appear to be only two species, but in the central and western
parts it is far otherwise, and in California they are very numerous.
As a rule the individuals of the same species resemble one another
quite closely in color pattern, but occasional variation is seen, espe-
cially when the species is rather widely distributed. In his Pre-
liminary Review of the West Coast Cicadidse, published in the
Journal of the N. Y. Entomological Society, March, 191 5, Mr.
E. P. Van Duzee states that the " structural characters are very few
in some of the genera, notably Okanagana, and I have been obliged
to fall back upon color characters in the preparation of the key. The
color and markings, while variable in extent, are quite constant in
general facies for each species." A considerable number of species
have been made known since 191 5, but it will be some time before our
collections are sufficiently complete to warrant the statement as to
the exact number.

In considering the genus Okanagana it became necessary to first

180 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

identity Say's Cicada rimosa, described in 1830, and designated as
the type of his genus Okanagana by Mr. Distant in 1905. We hope
that we have successfully accomplished this, and the conclusions
reached are to be found in the remarks on rimosa.

The original description of the genus Okanagana was published in
the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Seventh Series, Vol-
ume XVI, pp. 23, 190, 1905, and is as follows: "Head (including
eyes) considerably narrower than base of mesonotum and almost
equal to its length (including cruciform elevation) ; front shorter than
vertex, its apex more or less emarginate, vertex centrally sulcate;
pronotum about as long as head, its anterior angles in a line with
eyes, its posterior angles dilated ; abdomen in male longer, in female
about as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation; tympana completely exposed, tympanal coverings entirely
absent; face more or less centrally sulcate; rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxae; opercula small, transverse; abdomen beneath
with the lateral margins broadly recurved ; tegmina and wings
hyaline ; tegmina with the basal cell about or almost twice as long as
broad, apical areas eight; wings with six apical areas. Type, O.
rimosa Say {Cicada)."

The genus Tibicinoides was described by Mr. Distant in the An-
nals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, Vol. XIV, p. 166,
Aug., 1914, and Uhler's Tibicen cnpreo-sparsus was designated as
type. Some of the characters mentioned are " tegmina and wings
semiopaque; tegmina with the basal cell about twice as long as broad;
apical areas short in length, eight in number, a curved rudimentary
vein, curved inwardly, crossing tegmen from base of first ulnar area
to base of lower apical area; posterior tibiae with a few fine spines."
While the fore wings in Okanagana mercedita and O. minuta are not
colored as in cupreo-sparsus, the short apical areas show the three
species to be related, and they may in the future be placed in the
genus Tibicinoides as indicated in the table.

Owing to the length of the marginal cells Uhler's Cicada hesperia
has been placed in the table near striatipcs and ntahensis, which it
also resembles in some other features, instead of in the genus
Tibicinoides, where its color pattern would place it.

June-Sept, 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 181

In the table for the separation of species the natural sequence
could not be followed in every instance, but we hope that it will serve
to identify the members of this difficult group. In order to study
these Cicadas the specimens should be spread so that the venation,
the character of the basal cell of the fore wing and the color of the
basal membranes can be seen. If the wings on one side, preferably
the left, are expanded, it will suffice. Cicadas dry very quickly on
the stretching board and freshly captured individuals need remain
thereon only about a week, and those that have been relaxed in a
softening box a still shorter time. In Tibiccn, Cacama and most of
the other genera of North American cicadas the uncus is withdrawn
by the insect into the abdomen, but in Okanagana, Tibicinoid.es,
Clidophlcps and Platypodia it is always exposed. Often it can be
fully examined without changing its position, but if the end be bent
downward and concealed by the valve, the uncus should be lifted up-
ward when the insect is mounted on the stretching board. A portion
of a match can be inserted with a forceps between the uncus and the
valve until the. parts are dry, or the uncus may be simply lifted up
with a pin.

I have received important material from the following named
persons; other acknowledgments are made in connection with the
specimens recorded:

Dr. E. D. Ball, Dr. J. Chester Bradley, Prof. A. C. Burrill, Dr.
R. H. Beamer, Prof. W. H. Brittain, Prof. Robert A. Cooley, Alonzo
C. Davis, Emerson L. Diven, George P. Engelhardt, Prof. Frederick
M. Gaige, Edmund H. Gibson, Morgan Hebard, Miss Esther P. Hew-
lett, Otto Huellemann, Prof. S. J. Hunter, Charles W. Johnson, Frank
M. Jones, Clarence H. Kennedy, Warren Knaus, Dr. H. H. Knight,
J. N. Knull, E. R. Leach, Prof. A. L. Lovett, Miss Mell McGill, Dr.
W. M. Mann, P. W. Mason, George A. Moore, Dr. Albert P. Morse,
Howard Notman, Miss Edith M. Patch, Prof. Rufus H. Pettit, Col.
Wirt Robinson, Charles Schaeffer, Prof. H. C. Severrin, Ernest
Shoemaker, Dr. Henry Skinner, Tom Spalding, Prof. L. M. Stohr,
Prof. Myron H. Swenk, Edward P. Van Duzee, Prof. H. F. Wick-
ham, John Woodgate and Prof. Wm. S. Wright.

182

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvn.

List of Species.

Okanagana.

cruentifera (Uhler)
magnified Davis
mariposa Davis
vandykei Van Duzee
lurida Davis
ornata Van Duzee
napa Davis
schaefferi Davis
occidentalis (Walker)
bella Davis
rimosa (Say)
canadensis (Provancher)
tristis Van Duzee
arctostaphyla Van Duzee
canescens Van Duzee
viridis Davis
aurantiaca Davis
fratercula Davis
oregona Davis
triangulate Davis

synodica (Say)

balli Davis

rubrovenosa Davis

vanduzeei Distant

vandnzeei var. consobrina Distant

vanduzeei var. califomica Distant

striatipes (Haldeman)

utahensis Davis

hesperia (Uhler)

pallidula Davis

uncinata Van Duzee

mercedita Davis

minnta Davis

(Males not known.)
hirsnta Davis
rotundifrons Davis

Tibicinoides.
cupreo-sparsus (Uhler)

Okanagodes.
gracilis Davis

Key to the Species of the Genera Okanagana and Tibicinoides.

A. Male uncus not hooked at extremity, sometimes sinuate.
B. Expanse of fore wings more than 50 mm.

C. Base of fore and hind wings orange red more or less variegated
with black.
D. Outer edge of fore wings forming a somewhat straight line.
Very large species.
Pronotum all black ; mesonotum with orange, discal spots ;
front margin of fore wings bright orange to end of
radial cell, slightly darker beyond ; venation not thick-
ened; blood-red at base of both pairs of wings; notch
in last ventral segment of female double. Expands

70-75 mm cruentifera (Uhler)

Pronotum all black ; mesonotum black except at sides ;
front margin of fore wings bright orange to first mar-
ginal cell ; venation thickened, especially about the
marginal cells ; notch in last ventral segment of female
simple. Expands about 80 mm. . .magnifica new species
"Pronotum narrowly edged on sides and posterior margins
with rufus ; venation not at all thickened. Expands
about 75 mm mariposa Davis

June-Sept, 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 183

DD. Outer edge of front wing of a more continuous curve.
Medium sized species, except schaefferi, which is large.
E. Legs almost entirely orange or greenish in color. Ab-
domen pale beneath including the rather long
valve.
Pronotum mostly pale with a black median vitta
gemmate anteriorly, the lateral oblique groves
more or less broadly black. Two broad pale
marks extending from the anterior extremities of
the mesonotal X ; a rather dull colored species
with the uncus deeply cleft at extremity. Ex-
pands about 70 mm vandykei Van Duzee

Pronotum as in Vandykei ; mesonotum reddish
straw color, black centrally ; tergum black with
posterior edge of the segments pale. A shining
species with the uncus seen from above shallowly
noticed at the extremity, and sinuate on lower
margin when seen in profile. Expands a little

over 60 mm lurida new species

Head, pronotum and mesonotum almost entirely
black, front margin of fore wing bright orange
to the end of radial cell ; basal cell opaque. Ex-
pands about 60 mm ornata Van D.

Head, pronotum and mesonotum black, much varie-
gated with dull orange ; venation of fore wings
uniformly light in color, basal cell clear; tergum
shining black with the segments narrowly mar-
gined with orange posteriorly. A larger headed
species than the last, and with a shorter uncus.

Expands about 60 mm napa new species

EE. Legs, especially the front pair considerably blackened.
F. Shining species with rather broad wings, and the
hind margin of pronotum orange or reddish.
Front of head strongly produced ; pronotum
edged on sides and hind margin with orange,
hind margin of abdominal segments both
above and beneath orange. Last segments
of abdomen beneath with short scattered
pubescence. Expands about 75 mm. (Ex-
cept in size this and fratercula resemble
each other, and some specimens that may
belong to the last named species are much
larger than the type.) ... .schaefferi Davis
Venation of the fore wings fuscous, except
the costal margin, which is often narrowly
edged with black, but otherwise greenish-

184 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

orange to the end of the radial cell ; sub-
costal vein black. Basal cell clear or nearly
so. Pronotum edged on hind margin and
at posterior angles and sometimes narrowly
on sides with greenish-orange. Head small
rather blunt in front, and proportionately
broader than in the next species, very
hairy on dorsal surface and with a con-
siderable amount of rather long hairs be-
hind the eyes ; beneath thickly clothed with
whitish hairs. Last ventral segment of
female doubly notched. Expands about
60 mm occidentalis Walker

Of a slightly blueish tint, otherwise colored
about as in the last species, but the costal
margin of the fore wings to the end of
the radial cell often bright orange, the
basal cell clouded sometimes . blackened.
Pronotum usually plainly edged with orange
on sides as well as on hind margin. Head
not as blunt when viewed from above as
in occidentalis, proportionately narrower
and with little hair behind the eyes, also
less hairy beneath. Last ventral segment
of female not doubly notched, or second
notch but feebly indicated. Expands about

60 mm bella new species

FF. Dull bodied species or at most feebly shining,
with proportionately narrower wings, and
the hind margin of pronotum orange or
reddish, except in tristis where it is black.
Dorsum of the abdomen often with con-
spicuous transverse rows of short silvery
hairs.

Basal cell of fore wings slightly clouded,
pronotum blackish mottled each side with
testaceous, the hind margin and sides red-
dish. Tergum with the posterior edges of
the segments reddish, the vestiture more
sparse than in canadensis and more in the
nature of hairs. Expands about 60 mm.

rimosa (Say)

Venation of the fore wings often thickened ;
basal cell clouded and blackened. Prono-
tum usually entirely black, except the hind
margin which is testaceous, sometimes

June-Sept., 19,9.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 185

clouded each side with reddish ; tergum
black with much tomentum, which when
removed leaves a smooth surface. A black
species with the usual four orange spots
before the mesonotal X, and orange mem-
branes at the base of both pairs of wings.
Expands about 62 mm.

canadensis (Provancher)
\ enation about as in canadensis, but the
veins not thickened. Pronotum generally
all black, but sometimes mottled with dull
red each side of the center. Further dis-
tinguished from the other two species in
this section by having the abdomen be-
neath centrally pale. Expands about 70 mm.
tristis Van D.
CC. Base of the fore and hind wings not of the usual orange red
variegated with black.
Color rufo-ferruginous including the venation of fore and
hind wings, with a few marks on the vertex and a dorsal
vitta on the tergum black. Expands about 70 mm.

arctostaphyla? Van D.

Body almost entirely black; basal cell of the fore wings

clear ; membranes at base of both pairs of wings whitish.

Expands about 65 mm canescens Van D.

Body and wing venation nearly entirely green : basal cell of

fore wings clear. Expands 65 mm viridis Davis

Body and wing venation nearly entirely orange; basal cell
of fore wings clear; a black band between the eyes, and
a conspicuous dorsal band of the same color extending
from the hind margin of the pronotum to the end of the

abdomen. Expands about 55 mm aurantiaca Davis

BB. Expanse of fore wings 50 mm. or less ; orange variegated with black
at base of both pairs of wings. (Some examples of fratercula
exceed 50 mm.)
G. Pronotum in mature individuals black centrally margined with
orange especially behind. In triangulata the grooves of
the pronotum are sometimes orange colored.
Basal cell of fore wings darkly opaque, abdomen black be-
neath with hind margins of segments reddish. A dark-
colored species. Expands about 47 mm. fratercula Davis
Basal cell and venation of fore wings yellowish ; abdomen
yellowish beneath with numerous silken hairs ; front of
head and eyes not prominent. Expands about 50 mm.

oregona Davis
Basal cell of fore wings translucent ; abdomen yellowish be-

186 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

neath with silken hairs very short or absent; front of head
and eyes prominent. Expands about 50 mm.

triangulata Davis
GG. Pronotum in mature individuals black with the central portions
variegated with orange or yellow. Basal cell of fore
wings yellowish or translucent.
Head small, front prominent ; discal yellow marks extending
from the mesonotal X to the front margin of the meso-
notum. The veins surrounding the first seven marginal
cells of fore wing infuscated. Expands about 42 mm.

synodica (Say)
Membranes at base of fore and hind wings pinkish, remain-
der of wing venation yellowish. The W mark on the
front portion of the mesonotum separated from the meso-
notal X ; tergum darker, the terminal segments nearly all
yellow as in synodica. Expands about 46 mm.

balli new species
AA. Male uncus hooked at extremity.

B. Rather slender bodied species with the venation of fore and hind
wings colored almost uniformly throughout.
Black clothed with minute dark rufus hairs giving the insect a
dull reddish aspect. Expands about 55 mm.

rubrovenosa Davis
BB. Stouter bodied species, the fore and hind wings variegated with
orange and black at the base.
C. Third marginal cell more than one half as long as second
ulnar area adjoining and immediately behind it.
D. Expand about 55 to 60 mm. Black species with basal
portions of fore and hind wings orange variegated
with black.
E. Front of head not conspicuously produced ; under
side of abdomen with very numerous long
silken hairs.
F. Abdomen black above or nearly so in var. cali-
fornica.
Almost wholly black above, pronotum dull
rufus, particularly on the sides ; abdomen
beneath with the central area black, ex-
cept the reddish or yellowish posterior
margin of each segment ; valve black on
under side. Expands about 60 mm.

vanduzeei Distant

Dorsal markings much lighter, especially

about the mesonotal X ; abdomen beneath

with a black spot on each segment except

June-Sept, i9i9.] Davis : Cicadas. 187

the last. Expands about 55 or 60 mm.

vanduzeei var. consobrina Distant

Dorsal markings of the pronotum still more

extended and confluent ; beneath, abdomen

almost entirely yellowish, valve yellowish.

Expands about 57 mm.

vanduzeei var. californica Distant
EE. Front of head conspicuously produced; silken hairs
on under side of abdomen short and incon-
spicuous.
Dorsal surface with much appressed golden pubes-
cence; abdomen black and yellowish above, and
usually entirely yellowish beneath. Basal cell
usually transparent. Expands about 53 mm.
striatipes (Haldeman)
Dorsal surface with the hairs more upright than
in striatipes, which it much resembles in mark-
ings. Dorsum of abdomen black, beneath cen-
tral area usually black with hind margins of
segments reddish. Basal cell darkened. Ex-
pands about 60 mm utahensis new species

DD. Expand about 52 mm., usually much less.

G. Fore and hind wings, except marginal cells, in-
fuscated. Uncus when viewed from behind with
hook terminating in a broadly rounded notch.

Expands about 52 mm hesperia (Uhler)

GG. Fore and hind wings clear except at extreme base,
where the membranes are orange.
Yellowish or yellowish green ; front conical and
prominent. Expands about 50 mm.

pallidula Davis
Smaller and darker than the last ; head small ;
front not so prominent. Venation approaching
the next two species. Expands about 42 mm.
uncinata Van Duzee
CC. Marginal cells short ; the third one in fore wings about one
half as long as second ulnar area adjoining and im-
mediately behind it.
H. Both pairs of wings clear except near base.

Head including eyes about 5 mm. broad. Expands

about 40 mm mercedita Davis

Head including eyes about 4 mm. broad. Expands

about 35 mm minuta Davis

HH. Both pairs of wings clouded, particularly the basal
half of front pair.
Head including eyes about 4.5 mm. broad, membranes

188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

at base of both pairs of wings vermilion ; tergum
black. Expands about 34 mm.

Tibicinoides cupreo-sparsus (Uhler)

In addition to the species mentioned in the key there are two
others of which only the female sex is known. Okanagana hirsuta
Davis was described and figured in the Journal of the N. Y. Ento-
mological Society for March, 191 5, from a specimen in the collec-
tion of the American Museum of Natural History, labeled Santa Rosa
Island, California. It expands about 80 mm., and resembles a greatly
enlarged vanduzeei, but it is even more hairy beneath than in that
species; the front of the head is not quite as rounded, and the basal
cell of the fore wing is clear instead of clouded as in vanduzeei. Un-
fortunately in the original description the width of the fore wing in
hirsuta is printed 7 instead of 11 mm. The insect is shown correctly
in the figure.

Okanagana rotundifrons Davis was described and figured in the
Journal of the N. Y. Entomological Society for September, 1916,
from a female in the collection of the University of Kansas taken in
Arizona. It expands 71 mm., and is a shining black and yellowish
species, with a conspicuously blunt and rounded front.

Okanagana cruentifera (Uhler). PI. xix, fig. 2.
1892. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 161.

In the United States National Museum there is a female from
"F. H. Hillman, Reno, Nev. 6, 21, 1890," labeled " Tibicen cruentifera
Uhler, Cotype from Uhler's Coll." in the handwriting of Mr. Heide-
mann. No label by Uhler is on the specimen. It is spread; expands
75 mm., with the front of the head quite prominent, and the notch in
the last ventral segment double. According to the original descrip-
tion all of the cotypes came from Nevada. Another specimen in the
Uhler collection, captured after cruentifera had been described, is
labeled " F. H. Hillman, Reno, Nev. 7, 3, 98," and identified as
" Tibicen cruentifera Uhler, Nev." in Uhler's handwriting. This is
a spread specimen, expands 78mm. ; front is prominent; the pronotum
is almost entirely black, with a hair line of red along the hind mar-
gin; venation about the marginal cells not clouded.

A male in the U. S. National Museum is labeled simply "' Nev.,"
and on a separate label " P. R. Uhler collection." This may be one

June-Sept., I9I9-] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 189

of the cotypes. It expands nearly 70 mm.; head and pronotum en-
tirely black, grooves containing much pubescence; mesonotum with
the usual discal reddish spots, hind margin red ; tergum with posterior
margins of the segments red; fore wings with the costal margin
orange to the end of the radial cell, darker beyond; first and second
cross veins not infuscated; basal cell clouded; mebranes at base of
both pairs of wings of a bright red. Beneath femora dull red
variegated with black especially at the ends; under side of abdomen
black with the posterior margin of each segment rather broadly and
unevenly margined with red; valve light colored. We present a figure
of this specimen.

In the American Museum of Natural History there are three
females from Nevada, one of them labeled Virginia City, like the one
described above. They expand from 70 to 75 mm.

Lately we have received a female collected June 25, 1919, and a
male collected June 27, 1919, at Coal Creek, Iron Co., Utah, by Mr.
Tom Spalding.

Four males labeled Los xA.ngeles Co., Cal., July, Collection Co-
quillet, are in the United States National Museum and are like the
Nevada male described above. Two males from Nellie, Calif., June
20 and 24, 1918 (E. P. Hewlett), are in the writer's collection and
are darker than the other specimens here mentioned, with the costal
margin of the fore wings not as brightly colored and edged with a
narrow line of black. The membranes of both pairs of wings are blood
red at base as in true crucntifcra. The tergum is nearly all black,
while beneath the abdomen and valve are shining red, the former
blackened along the sides and at base. Expand 70 mm. This seems
to be a variety of cruentifera.

Okanagana magnifica new species. PI. xix, fig. 1.

Type male from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, June 4, 1918 (John
Woodgate), and allotype female from same place, July 1, 1918.
Davis collection.

Resembles O. crucntifcra, but is larger and has differently shaped
uncus.

Head slightly narrower than the front margin of the pronotum ; front
moderately protruding and covered with long grayish hair, face also very
hairy. Median sulcus of the front well defined. Pronotum with the humeral

190 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

angles rounded, the anterior angles not very prominent and almost hidden by
long hairs from behind the eyes and growing on the pronotum itself. Last
ventral segment slightly constricted at the sides, then broadened out to the
extremity, which has the outer angles rounded ; not sinuate at extremity.
Uncus when viewed in profile elevated centrally with a slight sinuation near

UkANAGANA MAGNlFlCA

the lower extremity; when viewed from behind, notched at the extremity, and
more deeply so than in cruentifera. The valve in the male is long and orange
in color. The last ventral segment in the allotype is simply and broadly
notched ; the notch is double in cruentifera. Fore wings with the costal
margin bright orange nearly to the extremity of the wings, the remaining
veins fuscous, somewhat thickened and clouded at the marginal cells ; basal
cell blackened ; membranes at base of both pairs of wings of the brightest
orange; not blood-red as in cruentifera. Head entirely black; in some of the
paratypes the antennae are marked with orange on the basal joint. Pronotum
entirely black in the type ; in the allotype it is very narrowly edged posteriorly
with red. Mesonotum red at the sides, otherwise black including the X.
Metanotum edged posteriorly with red. Tergum black with the first six
segments edged with red at extreme lower part of the sides only, segments
seven to nine edged completely on the posterior margin with red. Beneath the
body including the legs hairy ; the legs are orange-red striped with black and
the abdominal segments more evenly edged posteriorly with orange-red than
in cruentifera.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 35 31

Width of head across eyes 9 9

Expanse of fore wings 84 84

Length of valve 8

June-Sept., 1919.] D.WIS : ClCADAS. 191

In addition to the type and allotype I have received sixty-two
males and eighty-nine females collected at Jemez Springs, New
Mexico by John Woodgate at 6,400 ft. to 7,500 ft. elevation, June 2
to July 2, 1918. They were most common about the middle of June.
Mr. Woodgate writes that the " Navajo children tear the legs and
wings off of the cicadas and eat them — say they taste like pecan nuts."

The species must have been quite plentiful in 1918 in parts of New
Mexico, for Mr. Warren Knaus sent me a male and female collected
about four miles southeast of Santa Fe, on the old Santa Fe trail on
scrub pine and cedar, June 15, at an altitude of about 7,000 feet. In
1919 Mr. Woodgate collected seventy-eight specimens of this species
at Jemez Springs. Mohave Co., Arizona, 1919, 3 males, 4 females.

In the United States Natural Museum there is a male magnified
labeled " Tibicen crueniifera Uhler var. Uhler," from " E. A. Bush,
San Jose, Cal., Aug. 2, 1887." Evidently Uhler himself considered
this not a true crucntifcra. Two other specimens are as follows : a
female from " Nordhoff, Cal., 4, 6, 1905, W. M. Slosson," expands
88 mm., last ventral segment with notch simple ; male " From W. M.
Slosson, Nordhoff, Cal., June 4, 1905, found on pinon trees near the
west end of San Emedio Mts., Cal." The male bears a further label
by Mr. Heidemann, "Tibicen crucntifcra Uhler var." Also in the
U. S. National Museum there is a female from " Nucla, Col. Ch. T.
Trueb, Sept. 7, '09," with a slightly smaller head than the Nordhoff
female. It expands 88 mm. and the last ventral segment is simply
notched. It is labeled "' Fidicina crucntifcra Uhler, O. H."

Okanagana mariposa Davis.

1915- Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 2.

The type of this species came from Mariposa Co., California, June
16, 1914. In the collection of the United States National Museum
there is a male also from Mariposa Co., Calif. It has been compared
with the type and is like it in every particular, except that it is larger,
expanding 90 mm. Lately Dr. F. E. Blaisdell has sent to me two
males and a female collected by him at Hullville, Lake Co., Calif.,
June 13, 1917. The female is the first one I have seen and is colored,
as are the two males, almost exactly as in the male type. The size
is very nearly the same. Beneath the notch in the last ventral seg-
ment is remarkable for its great breadth; at its central portion there

192

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvn.

is a minute sinuation just opposite the ovipositor. The straight outer
margin of the fore wings and the broad head with slightly protruding
front, are conspicuous features of this large species.

A male and female collected at Bellevue, Washington Co., Utah,
June 21, 1919 (Tom Spalding) are like the specimens examined from
California.

Okanagana vandykei Van Duzee.

1915. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 38.

Reported in the original description from Carrville, Trinity Co.,
Calif., June 29, 1913; Nash Mine, Trinity Co., Calif., June 29, 1913,
8,000 ft., and Plumers Co. Calif., June. To these records may be
added a female from Keddie, Plumas Co., Calif., June 7, 1918, 3,500
ft. (F. M. Jones), Davis collection. We have examined a male from

Okanagana. vandykei

Riddle, Oregon, June 18, which is like the paratype from Plumas Co.,
with the same long, orange colored valve, orange marks on pronotum,
etc., except that the front is more prominent and black. A female
from Forest Grove, Oregon, July 30, 1917 (Catherine Jones col-
lector), has the body colored as usual, but the costal margin of the
fore wings to the end of the radial cell is bright green instead of the
more usual orange. The first anal vein is also bright green, and the
basal cell is darkened along the hind margin.

Okanagana lurida new species. PI. xix, fig. 3.

Type male from Pulman, Washington (C. V. Piper). Collection
U. S. National Museum.

June-Sept., 1919] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 193

Resembles Okanagana vandykei in color but has less dark mark-
ings, and is more shining. The uncus is not as deeply cleft at ex-
tremity as in that species. It is probably generally smaller, judging
from the type.

Head slightly narrower than the front margin of the pronotum ;

K.ANA&ANA LURIDA

front moderately produced. Median sulcus of the front not very
deep. Pronotum with the humeral angles rounded, the lateral edges
rather rough and uneven, and the anterior angles prominent. Last
ventral segment hardly constricted at the sides, but evenly narrowed
to the extremity, which is almost truncate. Uncus when viewed in
profile sinuate on lower part with the greatest depth beyond the center;
when viewed from behind shallowly notched. Fore wings with the
venation almost entirely straw colored; the veins about the marginal
cells are fuscous, and the basal cell is clear or nearly so. The mem-
branes at the base of both pairs of wings are bright orange. Head
reddish straw-colored with a short irregular blackish mark each side
of the central ocellus, and a blackish dot between each hind ocellus
and the eye. Front and the transverse rugae black. Pronotum red-
dish straw-colored with a central band, narrowest in the middle,
black; also blackened irregularly in the grooves, and a submarginal
black band posteriorly and on the sides. Mesonotum almost entirely
reddish straw-colored; the region covered by the W mark blackened;
and an irregular central black band extending from thence to the
elevated X. which is pale, but the adjoining depressions are black.
Metanotum reddish straw-colored, with a submarginal blackened area.
Tergum black, with each segment reddish strawcolored posteriorly.

194 Journal New York Entomological Society. [yoi. xxvii.

The uncus is black. Beneath the legs are almost entirely light in
color blackened at the knees, the abdominal segments are covered
with much short hair; are reddish straw-colored margined anteriorly
with red. In addition each segment has two dark colored basal
blotches more or less connected, one each side of the center. The
valve is dark colored on the lower surface, lighter near the upper
margins, and when viewed in profile it does not extend as far beyond
the end of the uncus as it does in vandykei and ornata.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type.

Length of body 26

Width of head across eyes 7.5

Expanse of fore wings 62

Length of valve 5

Okanagana ornata Van Duzee.

1915. Journal, N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 33.

In the collection of the American Museum of Natural History
there is a male labeled " Nevada." We have also examined a male
from Hood River, Oregon, June 10, 1916, in the collection of the
Oregon Agricultural College, and a female from Blue Canyon, Calif.,
Tune 7, 1909 (Ball), in the collection of Dr. E. D. Ball. In the
writer's collection there are two males and one female from Sonoma
Co., Calif., one of the former being the allotype of the species, and
a male from Keddie, Plumas Co., Calif., June 28, 1918, 3.500 ft.,
collected by Mr. Frank M. Jones of Wilmington, Delaware, who
kindly presented it to me. This is a very bright and contrastingly
colored species. Mr. Van Duzee states " This species may be recog-
nized by its black, almost immaculate upper surface with bright
orange venation."

Okanagana napa new species. PI. xix, fig. 4.

Type male from Napa County, Calif. (J. J. Rivers). Collection
U. S. National Museum.

Resembles Okanagana ornata in size and in being shiny, but is
lighter colored, has a larger head and a shorter uncus.

Head quite broad and nearly of the same width as the front margin of
the pronotum ; front not prominent ; median sulcus well defined. Pronotum

June— Sept., 1919.]

Davis : Cicadas.

195

with both the humeral and anterior angles rounded, the latter much more so
than in either lurida or ornata. Last ventral segment gradually narrowed to
the extremity which is sinuated with the angles much rounded. Uncus when
viewed in profile short with the lower side much straighter than in lurida;
when viewed from behind, shallowly notched. Fore wings with the venation
almost entirely straw colored, slightly darkened about the marginal cells ; the
basal cell is clear. The membranes at the base of both pairs of wings are

Ok.hpja&ana nata

orange, but these as well as the venation, lack the bright color of ornata.
Head black with the grooves, front and the region of the transverse rugae
almost wholly dull orange. There is a broken black band consisting of four
spots extending across the front, and the hollows between the transverse
ridges are narrowly lined with fuscous. The terminal part of the rostrum
is black, the base is pale. Pronotum black centrally, but margined all round
except at the anterior angles with dull orange, and the orange of the grooves
considerably spread. This leaves only the central part black, with some irreg-
ular black marks on the ridges between the grooves, and a submarginal black
band along the sides and posterior margin. Mesonotum dull orange with four
obconical black marks on the anterior margin, and a central spear-shaped
mark extending toward the orange elevated X. There is a black dot each
side at the anterior extremities of the X, also an interrupted black band
extending each side from the X to the base of the fore wing. Metanotum
edged posteriorly with orange. Tergum shining black, with the segments
narrowly edged posteriorly with orange. The uncus is black. Beneath the
legs are light colored except at the knees and the fore femora are somewhat
blackened on the inner side ; the abdomen is light, except the usual dark spot
centrally near the base, and the valve is also light in color.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type.
Length of body 24

Width of head across eyes 7.5

Expanse of fore wings 58

Length of valve 4.5

196 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvn.

Okanagana schaefferi Davis.

1915. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 19, pi. 3, fig. 4.
This species was described from a single male in the collection of
the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, from
Iron Co., Utah, 1904. In June, 1917, Mr. George P. Engelhardt of
the Brooklyn Museum collected a number of specimens in the foot
hills of the Kolob Mts., Washington Co., Utah, and kindly gave me
seventeen males and two females. Other specimens examined have
been a male, Manti, Sampete Co., Utah, June 23, 1903, collection Dr.
E. D. Ball, a male from Salida, Colorado, June, 1885, collection
University of Nebraska, and a female from Jemez Springs, 6,400 ft.,
New Mexico, June 17, 1919 (J. Woodgate). A noticeable feature of
this large insect is the strongly protruding front of the head.

Okanagana occidentalis (Walker).

1866. Walker in Lord's Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British
Columbia, ii, p. 339.

This species was listed as a synonym of rimosa Say by Distant in
his Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera (1906), but it is distinct from
that species, and from Okanagana bella described in this paper, which
it more closely resembles. The most noticeable differences between
these three species have been mentioned in. the table, and in series
occidentalis is not as blue-black as bella, and the pubescence on the
upper surface is more abundant and more golden in color. The true
rimosa is a duller colored insect, the tergum not shining as in occi-
dentalis and bella. Walker's description is poor and we may be in
error in applying it to this species. The description would also apply
to some specimens of vanduzeei except that they are usually too small.
He states that the body is, 12 lines in length, is black, and that the
mesothorax has two V-shaped testaceous marks, " which extend from
the fore border to the disk, and are distinct except at the tips." These
V-shaped marks are commonly present in what we have called occi-
dentalis, and the tips are usually well defined. In bella the V-shaped
marks are obscure or absent.

John Keast Lord in The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and Brit-
ish Columbia, has this to say of this species : " But there was one
sound — song perhaps, I may venture to call it — that was clearer,
shriller and more singularly tuneful than any other. It never ap-

June-Sept., 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 197

peared to cease, and it came from everywhere — from the tops of the
trees, from the trembling leaves of the cottonwood, from the stunted
underbrush, from the flowers, the rocks and boulders ... all chanting
the same refrain. ... It turned out to be an entirely new species, and
now figures in the British Museum as Cicada occidentalis." Dr.
Charles J. Gahan has written me under date of May 12, 1919, that
this specimen cannot at the moment be located in the British Museum.
It would appear from Lord's original narrative that the type locality
for this species is in the north-eastern part of the present state of
Washington in Colville Valley, where the Boundary Line Commission
had its headquarters.

In the collection of the United States National Museum there is
a female occidentalis from Victoria, Vancouver, H. G. Hubbard col-
lector, which expands 70 mm. and is like many examples in the
writer's collection ; the last ventral segment is doubly notched and the
basal cell in the fore wing is clear. From the collection of the
University of Nebraska we have examined four males labeled British
Columbia (G. W. Taylor). From the collection of the Dept. of Agri.
Prov. of Nova Scotia, a male collected by W. Downes at Armstrong,
B. C, July 12/1915; and from the collection of H. H. Lyman, a
female from North Bend, B. C, July 24, 1890. Prof. A. L. Lovett of
the Oregon Agricultural College, has kindly sent the following mate-
rial from the collection of that institution : Eureka, Wash., June 30,
1895, female; Rainier, Or., July, 1905, male (Thayer); Sauvier's
Island, Or., June 8, 1906, male (Farrell) ; Dixie, Wash. Co., Or., July
31, 1907, male; Oswego, Or., June 5, 1904, female (Ewing), June 8,
1907, female (George Ewing), July 7, 1907, female (George Ewing) ;
Willamina, Or., July 2, 191 1, female; Philomath, Or., Aug. 14, 1906,
female (Schrack); Corvallis, Or., June 2, 1906, male (Buchanan),
June 12, male, July 10, 1896, male, Sept. 2, 191 1, female, Sept. 9, 1906,
male (Woods) ; Cascadia, Linn Co., Or., male, July 28, 1903 (Rosen-
dorf), Aug. 1, 1903, male (Rosendorf). Two females from Dilley,
Oregon, are in the writer's collection.

Mr. Otto Huellemann of Wallace, Idaho, has sent me 51 speci-
mens of this species collected near his home, in the years 191 5 to
1 91 8 inclusive. Three were collected in May, eight in June, and forty
in July. Judging from those received they were very plentiful in

198

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

July, 1917. The specimens of this long series are uniform in appear-
ance, they are black above with the hind margin of the pronotum
orange; four orange spots arranged in a semi-circle before the meso-
notal X» and the X itself with the elevated parts touched with
orange. The basal cell of the fore wing is clear. The last ventral
segment in the females is doubly notched.

Okanagana bella new species. PI. xx, fig. 1.

Type male from Stockton, Utah, June, 1915, and allotype female
from Soldiers' Canyon, Stockton, Utah, June 27, 1915 (Tom Spald-
ing). Davis collection.

Resembles Okanagana occidentalis, but differs as indicated in the
remarks on that species, and in the characters given in the table.

0

KANAGANA JBELLA-

Head rather small and not quite as broad as the front margin of the
pronotum ; front moderately produced ; median sulcus well defined. Prono-
tum with the humeral angles rounded ; the anterior angles prominent and
slightly rounded. Sides of pronotum have a few irregular serrations. Last
ventral segment longer than in occidentalis, and with the sides curved inward
to the extremity which is rounded. In some specimens from southern Utah
the extremity of the segment is slightly sinuate. Uncus when viewed in pro-
file not hooked at extremity, short and slightly deeper beyond the middle ;
when viewed from behind, with a shallow notch at extremity. Last ventral
segment of the allotype has a broad simple notch, but in some of the para-
types there is a slight indication of a second notch. Fore wings with the
costa orange to the end of the radial cell, darker bekond ; the subcostal vein
is fuscous. Basal cell clouded ; the remaining veins fuscous, except at the
base of wing, which is orange ; the membranes of both the fore and hind
wings are vermilion. Head black with the supra-antennal plates and the
grooves in front of the middle ocellus orange. The region of the transverse
rugae black bordered by orange. The rostrum is black, orange at base. Pro-

June-Sept., 1919.] D.WIS : ClCADAS. 199

notum shining black, slightly bluish, with the sides and posterior margin
orange ; the front margin sometimes narrowly edged with orange. Meso-
notum shining bluish black bordered on the sides posteriorly with orange.
The elevated X has the fore limbs touched with orange, in front of which are
the usual four orange spots arranged in a semi-circle. In some of the darker
specimens from Oregon the mesonotum is more nearly black. Metanotum
black edged posteriorly with orange. Tergum shining black, with the same
slightly bluish tint of the parts already described; the segments very nar-
rowly edged posteriorly with orange, the orange most conspicuous at the
sides. In some of the Oregon specimens the tergum is nearly all black.
Uncus black. Beneath, the legs are orange blackened at the joints and con-
siderably blackened on the inner side of the fore femora. The abdominal
segments .are blackened centrally, orange on the posterior margins, also with
a black spot on each segment at the sides. Valve black, sometimes orange at
the sides along the upper margin. In some of the specimens from Colorado
the valve is entirely orange.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Female

Type. Allotype.

Length of body 25 23

Width of head across eyes 6.5 7

Expanse of fore wings 58 62

Length of valve 5

Some of the paratypes represent a darker race, blacker on the
legs, and in the fore wings the costal margin is not as conspicuously
orange.

This insect has generally been considered the Cicada rimosa of
Say, but that species is duller colored and appears to be more eastern
in its range.

The following specimens of Okanagana bclla have been examined:

Utah. — Logan, June 10, 1904, male; July 4, 1904, two females;
June 22, 1906, four males, two females ; Logan Canyon, June 19, 1909,
three males and two females; July 4, 1909, two females, from col-
lection Dr. E. D. Ball. Garland, June 11, 1904, male; June 18, 1904,
male and two females, collection Dr. Ball. Wellsville, July 3, 1904,
female, collection Dr. Ball. Salt Lake City, June 8, 1902, male, and
June 15, 1902, male, Davis collection; male and two females without
date labels (Dr. Henry Skinner), collection Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila-
delphia. Silver Lake, July (Dr. Skinner), collection Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadelphia. Mill Creek, June 20, 1906, two females (E. G. Titus),

200 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvil.

Dr. Ball collection. Stockton, June, 1915, three males (Tom Spald-
ing), and Soldiers' Canyon, Stockton, June 27, 191 5, three males and
two females (Tom Spalding), Davis collection. Santaquin, male and
two females (T. H. Parks), Davis collection. Provo, June 3, 1910,
female; June 4, 1910, two males; June 24, 1912, two males and two
females (Spalding), Davis collection. Eureka, June 19, 1910, female
(Spalding), Davis collection. Nephi, June 25, 1912, male, collection
Dr. Ball. Cedar Mountains, Iron Co., 8,500 ft., July 11, 1917, seven
males (Geo. P. Engelhardt), Davis collection. Kolob Mountains,
Washington Co., 8,500 ft., June 30, 1917, eight males (Geo. P. Engel-
hardt), Davis collection.

Kansas. — Male and female with no date label, collection Acad.
Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

Colorado. — Livermore, July 8, 1900, two males, collection Dr.
Ball. Ft. Collins, June 29, 1901, two males and three females, col-
lection Dr. Ball. Estes Park, male, collection Univ. of Kansas.
Golden, June 26, 191 1, male (C. A. Frost), Davis collection. Russell,
June 24, male (H. S. Smith), Davis collection. Creede, 8,844 ft.,
Aug., 1914, female (S. J. Hunter), collection Univ. of Kansas.
Durango, August 1, 1912, male (Oslar), Davis collection.

New Mexico. — Plot Springs, San Miguel Co., 7,000 ft., August,
1882, female (F. H. Snow), collection Univ. of Kansas. Jemez
Springs, June, 1916, two females; July 5, 1916, female; June 14, 1917,
female; June 20, 1918, two females; June 15, 1919, female (John
Woodgate), Davis collection. Albuquerque, August 14, 1910, female
(Oslar), Davis collection.

Wyoming. — Newcastle, male and female, collection Univ. of Ne-
braska. Yellowstone National Park, June 20, 1907, male; June 30,
1907, female; July 9, 1907, female (Col. Wirt Robinson), Davis
collection.

Montana.— Nigger Hill, Powell Co., July, female (W. M. Mann),
Davis collection. Sedan, July 1, 1906, four males. Corvallis, July
14, 1908, male. Gallatin Co., June 16, 1902, male (R. A. Cooley), and
July 1, 1915, male. Bozeman, 4,800 ft., July, 1901, male and female
(E. J. S. Moore); July 3, 1905, male; July 3, 1906, male; July 20,
1907, female; June 20, 1912, three males. Paradise Valley, Park Co.,
July 9, 1904, male and female. Billings, July 10, 1912, female. Cul-

June-Sept., 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 201

bertson, Valley Co., June 29, 191 1, female (J. R. Parker). Enid,
July 12, 1912, male. Miles City, Aug. 4, 191 5, male. All of the Mon-
tana records, the first one excepted, are from specimens in the col-
lection of the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station.

Idaho. — Whitebird, June 29, 1907, male (Dr. J. M. Aldrich).
Moscow, June 13, 191 1 (Dr. J. M. Aldrich). Both of these records
are from specimens in the collection of the University of Idaho.

California. — El Dorado Co., July, 6,280 ft., male (Dr. F. E.
Blaisdell). Monachee Meadows, Tulare Co., 8,000 ft., July 17, 1917,
male (G. R. Pilate). Top of Mt. San Antonio, 10,000 ft., Southern
Calif., June 29, 1914, female (H. Newcomb). San Antonio Canyon,
Ontario, July 25, 1907, male and female, Coll. Ohio State Univ. In
these and some of the Oregon examples the basal cell of the fore
wings is almost entirely black.

Oregon. — Corvallis, July 18, 1896, male and female without date.
Salem, June 30, 191 1, female. Crooked River, central Oregon, June
23, 1906, five males, three females. Minam Nat. Forest, July 5, 1914,
female (W. J. Chamberlin). Baker City, July 6, 1906, male, and
July 12, male. The above Oregon records from specimens in the col-
lection of the Oregon Agricultural College. The following two
from the collection of the U. S. Biological Survey: McDermitt, Mal-
heur Co., June S, 1915, male (E. A. Preble) ; Rome, Owyhee River,
female without date label (E. A. Preble).

Lately Mr. L. P. Rockwood sent me for examination five males
and one female collected at Baker City, June 17, 18 and 24, 1917,
which have very dark colored bodies, the tergum showing but little
red on the edges of the segments at the sides, the basal cell is nearly
black; the anal membranes are vermilion and the costal margin of the
fore wings is bright orange to the end of the radial cell. He also
sent to me two males and a female collected by C. W. Creel, at Pais-
ley, Lake Co., south central Oregon, on the borders of Chewaucan
Marsh.

Washington. — Ephrata, Douglas Co., June 21, 1918, female (A.
C. Burrill), collection U. S. Entomological Station, Forest Grove,
Oregon.

Alberta. — Jasper, July 4, 191 5, two males, collection Cornell Uni-
versity and Davis collection.

202 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

British Columbia. — Male without any date labeled "Brit. Col. (G.
W. Taylor)," Davis collection. Eillooet, July 6, 1918, male (A. B.
Baird), Baird collection.

Okanagana rimosa (Say). PL xx, fig. 2.

1830. Cicada rimosa Say, JI. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vi, p. 235.
1854. Cicada noveboracensis Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. Ins., p. 152,
pi. 9, fig- 6.

The principal characters given in the original description are :
"Body black above, ... a rufus spot over the antennae; thorax obso-
letely varied each side with piceus ; posterior and lateral edges rufus :
scutel with the elevated cruciform line, two spots before it, and two
or three on each side rufus : . . . tergum, posterior edges of the seg-
ments rufus: beneath rufus, varied with black: . . . length to the tip
of the hemelytra one inch and one- fourth." Say further adds : " Mr.
Nuttall presented me two specimens, which he obtained on the Mis-
souri, and I found one on the Arkansaw " ; also : " On the prominent
middle of the hypostoma is a very obvious impressed line."

The insect which he collected " on the Arkansaw," when he was
with Major Long's expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1 819-1820,
may not have been the same species as the two specimens mentioned
first in the description and given to him by Nuttall, who obtained
them along the Missouri River.

It next becomes important to ascertain, if possible, from what
locality the type specimens of Cicada rimosa were obtained, and I
have been to some pains to look up the original authorities. As an
aid to this Dr. N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanical Garden,
has sent to me some notes by Dr. P. A. Rydberg on the three journeys
made by Thomas Nuttall, the botanist, to regions west of the Mis-
sissippi. It was on the first of these, namely in 181 1, or Astoria ex-
pedition, that he collected the two specimens referred to, for the very
good reason that in the second expedition of 1819-1820, he went along
the Arkansas River, and did not touch the Missouri; and the third
expedition started in 1834 after Cicada rimosa had been described.

John Bradbury, another botanist, was with the Astoria expedition,
and in 1817 he published in London, England, a narrative of his trav-
els in the interior of America. He and Nuttall accompanied Mr.
Hunt from St. Louis up the Missouri as far as the Arickara Indian

June-Sept, 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 203

village in the north central part of the present South Dakota, and in
late June they both went about 150 miles still further north to the
Mandan Indian village close to the site of the present city of Bis-
mark in North Dakota, where they stayed for a few days before re-
turning to the Arickara village. In Bradbury's account we read on
page 226 the following from Mr. Cook's narrative of Mr. Hunt's
expedition from the Aricaras to the Pacific. " Messrs. Hunt, Crooks,
Miller, M'Clellan, M'Kenzie, and about sixty men, who left St. Louis
in the beginning of March, 1811, for the Pacific Ocean, reached the
Aricara village on the thirteenth day of June. ..." Mr. Crooks was
one of the partners and we quote his statement to show, among other
things, that it was 181 1 and not in 1810, as has sometimes been stated,
that the Astoria party ascended the Missouri. From reading Irving's
account one might easily get the impression that it was in 1810.

Irving in his Astoria says: "On the 18 of July Mr. Hunt took up
his line of march by land from the Arickara village leaving Mr. Lisa
and Mr. Nuttall there where they intended to await the expected ar-
rival of Mr. Henry from the Rocky Mountains. As to Messrs. Brad-
bury and Breckenridge they had departed some days previously on a
voyage down the river to St. Louis, with a detachment from Mr.
Lisa's party."

Mr. Bradbury records that he started on July 17, and it took him
until the end of July, or slightly longer, to reach St. Louis, and on
page 193 he further states that Mr. Lisa with whom Nuttall had re-
mained, arrived in St. Louis in November.

From the foregoing it will be seen that Cicada rimosa was no
doubt taken close to the Missouri River in what is now North or
South Dakota, for Mr. Nuttall did not arrive at the Aricara village
until about the time the species of Okanagana emerge, and allowing
him a month or more to reach St. Louis, he left the Indian village
after their season was over.

We now know that there are several species of Okanagana that
resemble rimosa and may be mistaken for it, but having located Mr.
Nuttall's whereabouts in June, July, August and September, 181 1,
covering the time of emergence of these insects, we can more cer-
tainly identify the species by our examination of specimens from the
same region. This has been done and a male collected at Sioux City

204 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

on the Missouri by A. W. Lindsey, and presented to me by Prof. H.
F. Wickham, has been identified as Okanagana rimosa. This insect
fits Say's description in every particular. The uncus is slightly more
pinched or ridged on the dorsum, also the cleft at the extremity is
somewhat deeper than in the males of Okanagana novcboracensis
(Emmons) from New York and Maine, but in other particulars it
appears to be the same. It is probable therefore that noveborasccnsis
is the same as rimosa, certainly not more than a variety.

The fore wings in rimosa and canadensis (Provancher) are pro-
portionately narrower than in any of the other species considered and
in this particular the two Okanaganas that extend to the northeastern
United States and eastern Canada, can thus be separated from the
more western forms, tristis Van Duzee, excepted.

In addition to the Sioux City example already referred to, the
following specimens have been examined :

Minnesota. — Itasca, July, 1908, female, and male and female
labeled simply " Minnesota," collection University of Minnesota.

Wisconsin. — Bayfield, female (Prof. H. F. Wickham), Davis
collection.

Manitoba. — Aweme, June 19, 1917, two males (N. Criddle), Davis
collection. Treesbank, July 7, 1907, male, and June 11, 1914, male
(N. Criddle), Davis collection.

Ontario. — Toronto, June 19, 1896, female, collection Dr. E. D.
Ball.

Illinois. — Ogle Co., male (Uhler collection), U. S. Nat. Museum.

Quebec. — Kazubazua, Ottawa District, July, 1917, male, collection
C. B. Gooderham.

Pennsylvania. — Cresco, Monroe Co., June 9, 1918, female (J. N.
Knull), Davis collection. Echo Lake, Pike Co., July 8, 1910 (E.
Shoemaker), Davis collection.

New York. — Ithaca, July 25, 1916, female, and August 1, 1916,
male, collection Cornell University. Windsor, Broome Co., June 5,
1918, female, and June 7, 1918, female (Notman), Howard Notman
collection. Wilmington, Essex Co., July 12, 1914, male (Davis),
Davis collection. Rockaway Beach, Long Island in wash-up, June 26,
1909, female (Geo. P. Engelhardt), collection Museum Brooklyn In-
stitute Arts and Sciences, and June 14, 1914, female (Ernest Shoe-
maker), Davis collection.

June-Sept., 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 205

Massachusetts. — North Saugas, July 8, 1907. male (D. H. Clem-
mons), U. S. Nat. Museum. Melrose Highlands, June 4, 191 1, two
males (H. E. Smith), U. S. National Museum. Medford, male (J.
H. Rogers), Boston Soc. Natural History. Lawrence, male (J. O.
Treat), Boston Soc. Natural History. Concord, June 25, 1854, male,
Harris collection, and June 17, 1914, male (W. Reiff), Boston Soc.
Natural History.

New Hampshire. — Chocorua, August 12, 1917 (Linder), Boston
Soc. Natural History.

Maine. — Cumberland Co., July 11, 1916, male and female, and
July 12, 1916, two males (A. S. Nicolay), Davis collection. Bruns-
wick, male (A. S. Packard), Boston Society Natural History. Hamp-
den, July 10, 1907, two males (C. W. Johnson), Davis collection.
Orono, July 13, 1906, male, July 31, 1906, male, and July 18, 1913,
female, collection Me. Agri. Exp. Station. Harrington, June, 1908,
Boston Soc. Natural History. Columbia, July 8, 1912, two males,
three females (S. F. Blake), Davis collection; July 3, 1912, male and
female, and July 8, 1912, male and three females (S. F. Blake),
Boston Soc. Natural History.

Nova Scotia. — Truro, July 5, 1913, male (L. G. Saunders), Saun-
ders collection.

The song of this species continues for some time and somewhat
resembles the sound produced by Neoconocephahis retusus or N. ro-
bustus, two of the large, long-horned katydid-like insects. Though
we have not been able to collect them, we have heard cicadas of the
genus Okanagana singing on Crow's Nest Mt., West Point, N. Y.,
on June 15, 1913, and again on June 13, 1914, and Col. Wirt Robinson
collected a pupa-skin on the same mountain. We have also heard
them singing in Letchworth Park, Portage, N. Y., June 13, 191 5;
near Potter's Swamp, Yates Co., N. Y., June 14, 191 5, and in Egles-
ton's Glen on the east side of Lake Keuka, N. Y., June 15, 191 5.

Okanagana canadensis (Provancher). PL xx, fig. 3.

1889. Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada, iii, p. 213.

This name is placed by most authors as a synonym of rimosa, but

we think incorrectly. Okanagana canadensis on the whole is a larger

species than rimosa; it is also blacker with the upper portions espe-

ciallv the tergum adorned with much tomentum, different from the

206 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

vestiture of rhnosa. While the pronotum is usually black edged pos-
teriorly with testaceous, there are occasional specimens in which it is
mottled each side with testaceous.

I am indebted to Prof. L. M. Stohr of Ironside, Quebec, for a long
series of this species. On June 21, 1916, he collected a male; in 1917
he collected in all 39 specimens as follows: June 22, 2 males; June
23, 4 males; June 24, 3 males; June 26, 3 males; June 27, 6 males;
June 28, 7 males; July 2, male; July 19, male and female; July 22,
female; July 26, 5 males, 1 female; July 28, 2 males; July 30, male,
and Aug. 15, female. In 1918 he collected ten specimens as follows:
June 14, male; June 15, male; June 19, 3 males; June 20, female;
June 25, 2 males; July 30, male; July 31, male. In June, 1919, he
collected eighteen males and five females. These insects are alike
and very black in appearance with the venation of the front wings
somewhat thickened. When the wings are closed they show the nar-
row testaceous hind border of the pronotum, a spot each side at the
base of the fore wings, four spots arranged in a semi-circle in front
of the X> and the higher parts of the X itself usually touched with
testaceous.

Prof. Stohr writes as follows concerning this species: "It is
almost exclusively on pines ; I have heard it, however, on cedar trees,
and in two instances on willows. Usually it perches at the very
extremity of the trees, often only a few inches below the terminal
bud, or at the end of the branches. In order to begin the hunting
one moves toward the cluster of trees from whence the song seems to
proceed. It is, however, difficult to take one's bearings for the noise
now seems to come from the left and now from the right. Condi-
tions still get worse when the suspicious insect suddenly stops its
song while one is looking his eyes out in order to locate it, and abso-
lute silence follows the loud clamour. If one has not ascertained
with certainty the exact position of the insect, he might better try
his luck elsewhere, if he does not want to take too many chances.
Once a tree found on which an Okanagana sits, the ascent begins.
When the song has not stopped before, invariably it ceases then,
and from the top of the pine one has no other resource than to in-
spect branch by branch and with good luck one may thus detect the
Cicada perched on a twig, the dark color of the bark making it diffi-

June-Sept., 1919-] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 207

cult to distinguish the insect. After ten minutes or more of silence
it flaps its wings spasmodically and accompanies the manoeuvre with
a low rattling sound; after that the song starts monotonous and
strident." The cicadas commence to sing about 9 in the morning
and continue until about 5 o'clock in the afternoon or even later. In
catching the insects Prof. Stohr states that he got the best results by
enveloping his hand with a net used for taking minnows, the narrow
meshes of which would coop up the cicada and prevent it from slip-
ping through the fingers.

In addition to those already mentioned the following specimens
of canadensis have been examined: Sudbury, Ontario, 1893, female,
Davis collection; Hymers, Ontario, June 26, 1913, male, and male
without date (H. Dawson), Davis collection; Nipigon, Ontario, July
9, 1907, male and female (Dr. Skinner), Academy Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia. Niagara Falls, N. Y., female, Am. Museum Nat. History;
Schoharie, Schoharie Co., N. Y., June 14, 1918, male (H. Notman),
Notman collection; Enfield Falls, N. Y., August 3, 1901, collection
University of Minnesota. Charter Oak, Huntingdon Co., Pa., July
11, 1917, male and female (J. N. Knull), Davis collection. Through
the kindness of Prof. F. M. Gaige, we have been able to examine the
following from the collection of the University of Michigan: Porcu-
pine Mts., Upper Michigan, Aug. 13, 1904, male (A. G. Ruthven) ;
Isle Royale, Michigan, 1878, three males.

Okanagana tristis Van Duzee.

1915. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, pp. 26, 35.

In the original description based on specimens from Northern
California it is stated that, "The elongated form, somber black color
and fulvous venter will distinguish this form." It is also quite a large
insect. As in occidentalis the notch in the last ventral segment of
the female is double, but in addition to being differently colored, it is
larger than occidentalis and has narrower wings.

Specimens have been examined as follows :

California. — Dunsmuir, July 20, three males (Dyar and Caudell),
U. S. Nat. Museum; Keddie, Plumas Co., 3,500 ft., June 29, 1918,
female and July 7, 1918, female (F. M. Jones), Davis collection;
Plumas Co., June 16, 1913, male (Nunenmacher), Davis collection;
Eldridge, Sonoma Co., paratype, female, Davis collection; Eldridge,

208 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

male, Davis collection; Sonoma Co., female, Davis collection; Trin-
ity Co., June 6, 1917, female (E. R. Leach) ; Santa Cruz Co., July,
1917, male (E. R. Leach), Davis collection.

Oregon. — Josephine Co., June 8, 1910, female, and June 9, 1910,
male (Nunenmacher), Davis collection.

Washington. — Near Mt. Rainier, August 25, 1916, female (J. A.
Kuche), Davis collection.

Okanagana arctostaphylae Van Duzee.

1915. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, pp. 26, 34.

This species was described from four males and one female from
Calaveras Co., Calif., 1,800 ft., collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. One
of the male cotypes is now in the U. S. National Museum, and one
in the writer's collection.

The uncus is not hooked at the extremity and so for convenience
in identification the insect is considered here, but it and rubrovcnosa,
which has a hooked uncus, closely resembles each other. They are
also both rather slender bodied insects. The color of the basal cell,
costal margin, veins and membranes, is dull red in both species. In
arctostaphyl<T, however, the body is not as black as in rubrovenosa;
it has a black band connecting the eyes; a black irregular spot behind
the ocelli; sides of the pronotum blackened; collar of the same reddish
color as the central part of pronotum; abdomen with a black dorsal
vitta, broadest at the base.

Okanagana canescens Van Duzee.

19 1 5. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, pp. 26, 37.

The male type of this species came from Sonoma Co., Calif., July
14, 1908, and is in the collection of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. Mr. Van
Duzee also had a female from the Bay region of California when he
wrote his description.

To these records we can add the following all from California.
A male labeled "California," Am. Museum Natural History; Chico,
two males (Dr. E. D. Ball); Alameda, July 12, 191 1, male (Nunen-
macher), Davis collection; Palo Alto, three males (C. H. Kennedy),
Davis collection; Merced Co., two males, June 19, 1914, Davis col-
lection. One of the males from Merced Co., and one from Palo Alto,
have been examined by Mr. Van Duzee. In the U. S. National Mu-

June-Sept., 1919.] D.WIS : ClCADAS. 209

seum there is a male from Santa Cruz Mts., Calif., that appears to
belong to this species. It bears a label " Xew to Uhler, 1893." The
lighter colors on the head, pronotum and mesonotum are much more
extended than usual. The tergum is black; the uncus is the same as
in canescens.

Okanagana viridis Davis.

1918. Journal X. Y. Ento. Soc, xxvi, p. 153, pi. 8, figs. 4-5.
This species was described from a male and female from O'Reilly,
Mississippi, and so far they are the only specimens known. Its green
color and size will serve at the present time to separate this remark-
able insect from the other species of the genus.

Okanagana aurantiaca Davis.

19 1 7. Journal X. Y. Ento. Soc, xxv, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 4.
The three males and one female from which this orange and black
species was described are supposed to have come from Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico. Xo additional specimens have been seen.

Okanagana fratercula Davis.

1915- Journal X. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 5.
This was described from a single male in the collection of the
Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, from Iron
Co., Utah. The following are additional records : Kolb Mts., Wash-
ington Co., Utah, 8,500 ft., Tune 30, 1917, male (George P. Engel-
hardt), Davis collection; Xephi, Utah, June 25, 1912, male (Dr. E. D.
Ball), Davis collection; Blackfoot, Idaho, June 22, 1904, male (E. S.
G. Titus), U. S. Xational Museum; Springfield, Idaho, July 24, male
and female (H. Skinner). Acad. Xatural Sciences, Philadelphia;
Reno, Xevada. June 6, 1909. two males (Dr. E. D. Ball), Davis col-
lection; Iron Springs, Cedar City, Iron Co., Utah, June 26, 1919. : ":
ft., three males and twelve females (T. Spalding) ; Coal Creek, Iron
Co., Utah. June 27, 1919, male (T. Spalding), Davis collection. The
specimens from Xevada and Iron Co., Utah, may belong to a distinct
and larger species with wing expanse as great as 65 mm. They have
the front wings beautifully colored. The veins surrounding the mar-
ginal cells and first ulnar cell, are very dark, the remaining veins are
bright yellow, and the basal cells is blackened. The tergum is blacker
than in typical fratercula, segments seven and eight being the only

210 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1Vo1- xxvu.

ones edged with orange on dorsum ; valve yellow. The female from
Springfield mentioned above is like the male type with which it has
been compared, except that it expands 58 mm. instead of 46. The
shape of the head and colors are the same. The last ventral segment
shows a slight indication of a double notch.

Okanagana oregona Davis.

1916. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiv, p. 233, pi. 11, fig. 1.

The original description was from the type, allotype, and thirteen
other specimen, all from Oregon. Additional records are : Wren,
Oregon, July 4, 1905, male; East Toll Gate, Oregon, July 15, 1906,
female, and Mayville, Oregon, July 15, male, all from Prof. A. L.
Lovett, and in the collection of the Oregon Agri. College. Mt. Mos-
cow, Latah Co., Idaho, 5,000 ft., two males (T. Magee), from Prof.
A. C. Burrill, Univ. of Idaho. Bridger Canyon, Gallatin Co., Mon-
tana, July 7, 1904, female, from Prof. R. A. Cooley, and in the col-
lection of the Montana Agri. Experiment Station.

The venation in the wings of this small species is yellowish in
color, and the wings are proportionately narrower than in the pre-
ceding species.

Okanagana triangulata Davis.

1915. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 7.
This species was described from a male collected in Mendocino
Co., California, and a female in the collection of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History from Angel Island near San Francisco was
cited as probably of the same species. Mr. G. R. Pilate has sent to
me from Olancha, Inyo Co., California, 88 males and 84 females col-
lected June 25, 1917, that agree with the type. They were very
numerous at that time on the grass of the Olancha meadows, and Mr.
Pilate states that his fingers became quite sticky from some alkaline
substance that adhered to the insects as they crawled from the soil.
While this species and oregona resemble each other, they may be
separated by the characters given in the table, which appear to be
constant for the long series examined. Four males have recently
been received from Ukiah, Mendocino Co., California, May, 1919 (E.
P. Hewlett).

June-Sept, i9 1 9-1 DAVIS : ClCADAS. 211

Okanagana synodica (Say).

1825. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., iv, p. 334.

There is no other described Okanagana that closely resembles this
narrow bodied, small-headed, yellow and black species, which Say
recorded as inhabiting the base of the Rocky Mountains. It has a
much greater distribution than has heretofore been given. The fol-
lowing specimens have been examined :

Montana. — Livingston, July 31, 1905, three males; Miles City,
July II, 1915, male, all from collection Montana Agri. Exp. Station.

Nebraska. — Squaw Canyon, Sioux Co., July 20, 1892, three males;
War Bonnet Canyon, eight males, ten females; Bad Lands north of
Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co., July, on sage, five males (M. A. Carriker,
Jr.), and male and female, June 21, 1911 (R. W. Dawson); Big
Spring, June 29, 1912, eight males (E. M. Harrison). All Nebraska
records from collection University of Nebraska.

Kansas. — Hamilton Co., 3,350 ft., five males (F. H. Snow) ; Rush
Co., 2,060 ft., June 29, 1912 male (F. X. Williams), and Trego Co.,
2,450 ft., July 12, 1912, male (F. X. Williams), collection University
of Kansas. In the collection of Purdue University there are two
females and a male labeled Kansas, and in the Academy Nat. Sci-
ences, Philadelphia, two examples without date.

Colorado. — Denver, May, male ; six males and a female without
date, and a male labeled " on prairie around Denver, Col., May "
(Oslar), Davis collection. Ft. Collins, male (Pergande and S. Hen-
shaw), Mus. of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Ft. Collins,
June 18, 1900, two males; Pueblo, June 15, 1900, male, and Larmar,
June 17, 1900, three females, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Salida, July
2, 1885, three males and three females, and four males, 1885, collec-
tion University of Nebraska.

New Mexico. — Female labeled " New Mex.," Davis collection.
Male labeled " New Mex." Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass. Sandia Mts., N. M., male, collection Florida Agri.
Exp. Sta.

Texas. — Tascosa, June 1, 1918, male (Miss M. McGill), Davis
collection.

Okanagana balli new species. PI. xx, fig. 5.

Type male from Little Rock, Iowa (Dr. E. D. Ball), and allotype
female from same locality. Davis collection.

212

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

This is a small species a little larger than synodica, with the wings
not qutie as transparent as usual, which is also the case in synodica.

Head not quite as broad as the front margin of the pronotum ; front
rather prominent. Median sulcus of the front well denned. Pronotum with
the humeral angles rounded and the anterior angles rather prominent. Last
ventral segment with the base about as long as the sides, which gradually
converge to the truncate extremity. Uncus when viewed in profile sinuated

KANAGAAIA 3ALLI

but not hooked at the end ; when viewed from above evenly curved and nar-
rowed to the extremity which is notched. The last ventral segment in the
female allotype is doubly notched. Venation of both pairs of wings yellowish,
the costal margin of the fore wings a little darker beyond the radial cell ;
basal cell yellowish and translucent. The membranes at the base of both
pairs of wings are orange-red in color. Dorsum partly clothed with short
golden hairs especially on the abdomen along the posterior margin of the
segments ; beneath the pubescence is short. Head black with all of the
grooves and supra-antennal plates testaceous, beneath black in the region of
the transverse rugse, which are margined with testaceous ; rostrum pale at
base. Pronotum black variegated each side, especially in the grooves with
pale, and margined all around, except for a short space at humeral angles
with testaceous. Mesonotum black, with the hind margin, the elevated X,
two spots at the anterior extremities of the X, and the posterior part of the
W-mark, testaceous. Metanotum black, posteriorly margined with testaceous.
Tergum black, the segments narrowly edged posteriorly with testaceous.
Uncus black with a dorsal pale stripe. Beneath pale, including the valve ;
the usual black spot at the base of the abdomen ; legs pale, femora darkened.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 19.5 20

Width of head across eyes 6 6

Expanse of fore wings 47 51

Length of valve 4

June-Sept., 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 213

Okanagana balli looks something' like a small rimosa, but is more
yellow in color, and the transverse fold crossing the fore wings at the
node is sometimes developed, as it is in synodica.

The first specimen I examined of this species came from Dr. O. S.
Westcott, Oak Park, 111., but was without locality or date label. In
the U. S. National Museum there is a female labeled Winona, Minn.,
and in the Uhler collection in the same museum, there is a male from
Greene Co., Iowa, labeled " Tibicen n. sp., Stal." In Prof. Albert P.
Morse's collection there is a male labeled Little Rock, Iowa, and Dr.
E. D. Ball has sent to me fifteen males and one female from Little
Rock, Iowa. It is evident that at the time they were collected they
appeared as a swarm, but unfortunately they bear no date. In the
collection of the University of Minnesota there is a male labeled
Rock Co., Minn., June 24, 1910, and four other males without locality
labels. In the collection of the South Dakota State College, there
are five males and two females labeled Brookings, S. D., and a male
and female labeled S. D. These and the specimens mentioned above
closely resemble one another in size and markings.

Okanagana rubrovenosa Davis.

1915- Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 1.

The following records are additional to those given in the original
description: Sonoma Co., Calif., July 4, male (O. Sack), U. S. Nat.
Museum. The label further states, "Its note is continuous (not in-
termittent) and not loud. It resembles the whirring of a bee in
confinement." Hullville, Lake Co., Calif., June 13, 1917, two males,
three females (Dr. F. E. Blaisdell). Ukiah, Calif., May, 1919, three
males (E. P. Hewlett). Keddie, Plumas Co., Calif., 3,500 ft., June
24, 1 91 8, two males, and June 28, 1918, male and female (Frank M.
Jones). In transmitting these specimens and a twig in which a
cicada had oviposited, Mr. Jones writes: ''The red cicada, of which
there are four examples, was locally abundant and in constant song
in the manzanita bushes, and the manzanita twig showing egg-deposit
almost certainly belongs to this species, though I did not see the
female at work."

The female of this beautiful insect has never been described. The
one collected by Mr. Jones expands 64 millimeters and is of the same
color as the type ; the body black above covered with short reddish

214 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii:

hairs, which gives it a rusty appearance. The tergum is black where
denuded of hair. Beneath the abdomen is densely clothed with hair,
black in color with the hind margin of the segments dark red. The
notch in the last ventral segment is double. There are the same
patches of silvery hairs at .the base of the fore wings as in the type.
The three females received from Dr. Blaisdell are like the one just
described, except that they are a little smaller.

Okanagana vanduzeei Distant.

1914. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, xiv, p. 165.

1914. a. var. consobrina Distant. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, xiv, p. 165.

1914. b. var. calif ornica Distant. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, xiv, p. 166.

The type locality for vanduzeei and what are here considered as
two varieties of that species, is San Diego Co., California.

Through the kindness of Prof. Wm. S. Wright I have received 86
males and 9 females of vanduzeei; 25 males and 12 females of var.
consobrina and 2 males of var. calif ornica collected at Dulzura, San
Diego Co., Calif., from June 12 to 25, 1917. Prof. Wright consid-
ered that he had collected in this long series but one species, and de-
scribes its song as follows: "It is low, long continued and sweet.
They will sing for nearly half an hour without a quaver ; they usually
are to be found setting high up in the brush, seldom in the trees."

In addition to the specimens already mentioned the following have
been examined, and unless otherwise stated they are in the writer's
collection.

San Diego, Calif., May 6, 1916, twelve males, two females (Prof.
Wm. S. Wright) ; San Diego, Calif., June 25, 1914, two males de-
termined as vanduzeei and collected by Mr. Van Duzee ; Santa Cata-
lina Island, June, 1917, male; Santa Rosa Island, male, collection Am.
Museum Nat. History; Los Angeles, Calif., June 10, 1916, male (A.
C. Davis) ; San Jose, Calif., July 4, four males (King), collection
Dr. E. D. Ball; Alameda Co., Calif., June 29, 1914, nine males, June
30, 1914, thirty-four males and two females (F. W. Nunenmacher) ;
Piedmont, Alameda Co., Calif., July 22, 1912, two males, May 18,
1917, male, and July 2, 1917, eight males (Nunenmacher) ; Contra
Costa Co., Calif., June, male; Keddie, Plumas Co., Calif., 3,500 ft.,
June 26, 1918, male (F. M. Jones) ; Oroville, Calif., July 24, 1912,
male (E. D. Ball), collection Dr. Ball; Lassen Co., Calif., June 5,

June-Sept., 1919-] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 215

1913, female (Nunenmacher) ; Twin Falls, Snake River Canyon,
Idaho, July 6, 1917, female (Mrs. A. C. Burrill). Mr. Van Duzee
has recorded this species as far north as Mt. Rainier, Washington.

Mr. E. R. Leach has sent to me the following specimens of a small
form of vanduzeei expanding from 50 to 55 millimeters : Trinity Co.,
Calif., July 18, 1917, two males, one female, and June 17, 1918, two
females.

Of variety consobina the following have been examined: San
Diego Co., Calif., May 22, 1914, three males; May 23, 1914, one male;
May 24, 1914, two males (E. P. Van Duzee). La Jolla, San Diego
Co., Calif., June, 1916, six males and a female; August 1, 1917, one
male (Geo. P. Engelhardt). Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co., Calif.,
May 28, 1916, male and two females (A. C. Davis), Los Angeles Co.,
Calif., July 8, 1916, male; Pasadena, Calif., July, 1917, male, and
May, 1918, two males (Alonzo C. Davis). Santa Barbara, July 7,
1907, two males (Prof. Jas. S. Hine) ; San Jose, Calif., July 4, two
males, one female (King), collection Dr. E. D. Ball; Polo Alto,
Calif., male (C. H. Kennedy) ; Whitebird, Idaho, June 28, 1907, fe-
male (Dr. J. M. Aldrich). Two of the San Diego specimens have
been identified as consobrina by Mr. Van Duzee, and several of the
seven individuals from La Jolla approach typical vanduzeei.

Of variety calif ornica the following have been examined: San
Diego Co., Calif., July 9, 1913, male, collected and determined by Mr.
Van Duzee; July 12, 1913, eight males; Aug. 3, 1913, one male (Prof.
W. S. Wright) ; August, male, came to light. Pasadena, Calif., July
2, 1917, male (A. C. Davis).

In the Journal of the N. Y. Ento. Soc, March, 1915, Mr. Van
Duzee suggests that calif ornica may be a variety of vanduzeei, rather
than a separate species as originally described.

Okanagana striatipes (Haldeman).

1852. Stansbury's Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great
Salt Lake of Utah, p. 369, pi. 9, fig. 16.

No definite type locality is mentioned by Haldeman in the original
description, which calls for an insect expanding 52 millimeters, with
a prominent face; beneath yellow, end of rostrum, a few points near
the joints of the feet and a transverse line at the base of the abdomen,
black. The tergum is black with the margins of the segments yellow.

216

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVol< xxvil.

This is not an uncommon species in Utah, and neighboring states,
and the following specimens have been examined : Honeyville, Box-
elder Co., Utah, 1907, female (E. G. Titus), and Logan, Cache Co.,
Utah, July 13, 1907, male, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Promontory
Pt., Great Salt Lake, Utah, July II, 1911, male (Dr. J. M. Aldrich),
collection University of Idaho; Salt Lake City, Utah, male (Dr.
Henry Skinner), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia; Stockton, Utah, July,
1913, two males; July, 1914, four males; July, 1915, female; Sept. 2,
1916, four males, all collected by Tom Spalding and in Davis col-
lection. South Creek, Beaver Co., Utah, two males (Engelhardt),
Davis collection. Cedar Creek, Iron Co., Utah, 5,500 ft., July 9, 1917,
seven males (G. P. Engelhardt) ; Bellevue, Washington Co., Utah,
4,500 ft., June, 1917, and July 7, 1917 (G. P. Engelhardt), Davis
collection. Kanab, Kane Co., Utah, June 24, 191 3, two males, col-
lection Dr. E. D. Ball. Flagstaff, Arizona, June 29, 1892, two males,
Davis collection. In Mr. Van Duzee's Catalogue of Hemiptera,
California and Oregon are also given as localities.

Okanagana utahensis new species. PI. xx, fig. 4.

Type male from Cedar Creek, Iron Co., Utah, 5,500 ft., July 9,
1917 (Geo. P. Engelhardt), Davis collection.

Allotype female from Stockton, Utah, July, 1914 (Tom Spalding),
Davis collection.

Resembles striatipes, but is larger and darker colored, and the

KANA&ANA UTAHENSIS

vestiture of the pronotum and mesonotum is not an appressed pubes-
cence as in that species, but contains many long silvery hairs.

June-Sept., 1919.] D.WIS : ClCADAS. 217

Head about as broad as the front margin of the pronotum ; front more
protruding than in most species of the genus ; median sulcus well denned.
Pronotum with the humeral angles rounded and the anterior angles promi-
nent. Last ventral segment constricted at the sides, then broadened out to
the extremity, which has the outer angles rounded and a sinus centrally.
Uncus when viewed in profile hooked at the end ; when viewed from behind,
the book is seen to be notched. The last ventral segment in the female
allotype is ratherly deeply notched. Venation of the fore wings testaceous,
darker beyond the transverse fold. Costal margin of fore wing yellow to end
radial cell, darker beyond ; subcostal vein black, or nearly so in some of the
paratypes ; basal cell clouded, in some of the paratypes blackened ; the vein
(C2) on the inner side of the eighth marginal cell is usually light in color.
Both pairs of wings variegated with black at base, with the membranes orange-
red. Dorsum partly clothed with short silvery hairs, which are rather long in
the cavities about the mesonotal X ; in striatipes the hairs are short about
the X and more golden in color. Beneath the vestiture is abundant, but the
hairs are not long. Head black with the grooves and supra-antennal plates
testaceous ; beneath with the median sulcus orange ; the transverse rugae
black ; rostrum black, orange at base. Pronotum black, the grooves testa-
ceous ; bordered all around with orange, but more narrowly on the anterior
margin. Mesonotum black, with the hind margin orange ; the elevated X
orange, variegated with black, and four orange spots arranged in a semi-
circle in front of the X. Metanotum black, posteriorly margined with orange.
Tergum black the eighth and ninth segments margined posteriorly with
orange. Uncus black ; in some of the paratypes there is a dorsal pale stripe.
Beneath, black, the legs pale striped with black, and each abdominal segment
edged posteriorly and on the sides with orange. In the allotype and some of
the paratypes the black is reduced to an interrupted stripe on the central part
of the abdomen, with a black spot each side on the segments. Valve pale
variegated with black.

Measurements is Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 24.5 24

Width of head across eyes 8 8

Expanse of fore wings 60 64

Length of valve 3

In addition to the type and allotype the following specimens have
been examined, and unless otherwise stated, they are in the writer's
collection.

Utah. — Logan, Cache Co., June 28, 1904, male, and male. July 13.
1907, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Hyrum. Cache Co., July 2~. 1904,
two males, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Wellsville, Cache Co.. Utah.

218 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil,

July 3, 1904, male, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Sandy, Salt Lake Co.,
Utah, July 3, 1908, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Cedar Valley, Utah
Co., Utah, male and female, collection Dr. E. D. Ball. Salt Lake
City, June 13, 1897, male, Academy Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Salt
Lake City, two males and a female (Dr. H. Skinner), Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia. City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake Co., July 4, male
(Dr. H. Skinner), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Salt Lake, June
16, 1913, three males (L. P. Rockwood), Rockwood collection.
Stockton, Tooele Co., July 21, 1913, female; July 31, 1913, female;
July, 1914, two males, one female; September 2, 1916, two males and
a female, all collected by Mr. Tom Spalding. Vineyard. Utah Co.,
Aug., 1917, two males, and July 2, 1918, male (Spalding). South
Creek, Beaver Co., Utah, female (Engelhardt). Cedar Creek, Iron
Co., 5,500 ft., July 9, 1917, two males (Engelhardt). Bucksk Valley,
Iron Co., female (Engelhardt). St. George, Washington Co., two
males (Engelhardt).

Arizona. — Tuba, June, 1913, six males and one female (Dwight
Franklin).

Idaho.— Payette, Canyon Co., male (Vastal), and Glenn's Ferry,
Elmore Co., 1904, two males (Ewing), collection Oregon Agri.
College.

Oregon.— Heppner, Morrow Co., July II, 1906, three males, July
14, 1907, male; July 22, 1907, two males, and a female, all collected
by Nettie Currin, and in the collection of the Oregon Agri. College.
Ontario, Malheur Co., Sept. 3, 1905, female (Mallett). Oakland,
Douglas Co., July 21, 1917, female, collection Oregon Agri. College.
Riddle, Douglas Co., June 18, male, collection Oregon Agri. College.

Washington. — Logie Creek, Yakima Co., June 16, 1916, two males
(C. IT. Kennedy). Of these two males Mr. Kennedy writes, "they
are from sage bushes and are a true desert species. They have a
long shrill call, are shy, and hard to approach."

Okanagana hesperia (Uhler).

1876. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Terri-
tories, i, p. 342.

Uhler states that his type was collected in the vicinity of Denver City,
Colorado, by CCyrus] Thomas.

This species has been placed in the same genus with Tibiccnoidcs

June-Sept, 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 219

cupro-sparsus (Uhler), but it has the marginal cells of the fore wings
more nearly of the length of the ulner cells as in Okanagana gen-
erally, whereas in Tibicinoides cupro-sparsus the marginal cells are
quite short. The following have been examined :

Colorado. — Denver, July 13. 1909, male; July 14, 1909, male, and
July 16, 1909, three males (\V. J. Gerhard), Davis collection. Den-
ver, July 27, 1912, male, and June 10, 1913, female (Oslar), Davis
collection. Golden, July, male and female (Oslar) ; July 18, 1909,
male (W. J. Gerhard), Davis collection. Fort Collins, June 28, 1900,
three males, and July 16, 1903, female, collection University of Kan-
sas; June 28, 1900, three males, three females, and July 17, 1900, five
males, collection Dr. E. D. Ball; July 16, 1903, male (Van Duzee),
Davis collection. Platte Canyon, Jefferson Co., July, two males
(Oslar), Davis collection. La Junta, Otero Co., two males (Oslar),
Davis collection. Trinidad, Las Animas Co., July 15, 1910, female,
and male and female without date (Oslar), Davis collection.

Kansas. — Trego Co., 2,450 ft., July 12, 1912, five males, one
female; July 13, 1912. three males; July 17, 1912, male (F. X. Wil-
liams), collection University of Kansas.

New Mexico. — Albuquerque, male (Oslar); Silver City, male;
Jemez Springs, 6,400 ft., June 28, 1918, male, June 24, 1919, female
(John Woodgate), all in Davis collection.

Arizona. — Graham Mountains, July 7, 1914, male (E. G. Holt),
collection U. S. Bureau of the Biological Survey.

Montana. — Billings, July 16, 1904, male; Custer, Aug. I, 1912,
male, and Miles City, July 1, 191 5, three males, collection Montana
Agri. Exp. Station.
Okanagana pallidula Davis.

1917. Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxv, p. 213, pi. 13, fig. 8.

Only the type and nine paratypic males have been examined, all
collected at Athlone, Merced Co., California, in July and August,
1917, by Alonzo C. Davis, as recorded in the original description.

Okanagana uncinata Van Duzee.

J^S- Journal X. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, pp. 27, 41.
1917. Journal X. Y. Ento. Soc, xxv, pi. 13, fig. 7.

The type locality for this species is Orange Co., California. Mr.
Van Duzee has kindly sent me the type for examination, and also
given me a paratype.

220 Journal New York Entomological Society. IVoL xxvil

Okanagana mercedita Davis.

1915- Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 8.

Only the type, the allotype and 16 males and 14 females from
Merced Co., California, June 18, 1914, have been examined.

The short marginal cells in the fore and hind wings of this species,
also in O. minuta and Tibicinoides ciipreo-sparsus suggest a close re-
lationship, and we think that they will ultimately be associated in the
same genus. The supplementary transverse vein at the node is also
more developed in mercedita and minuta than in most species of
Okanagana, though not quite as well defined as in cupreo-sparsus, the
type of the genus Tibicinoides.

Okanagana minuta Davis.

1915- Journal N. Y. Ento. Soc, xxiii, p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 6.
The original description was based on the type and 11 paratypic
males, all from Sanford University, California, May 26, 1914 (C. H.
Kennedy), and a female, Fresno Co., California (J. C. Bradley). Mr.
Alonzo C. Davis has sent me three males collected at Lebec, Kern
Co., Calif., June, 1918.

Tibicinoides cupreo-sparsus (Uhler).

18S9. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., 1, p. 43.

This small, beautiful, black and red species has been included in
the table as an aid to the identification of species, and as has already
been stated, probably Okanagana mercedita and O. minuta should be
transferred to the genus Tibicinoides. The types mentioned by Uhler
were two females captured near Los Angeles, California, by D. W.
Coquillett.

The following specimens are in the writer's collection, all from
southern California: San Diego Co., May 6, 1914, two males, and
May 24, 1914, three males (E. P. Van Duzee) ; San Diego, July, 1914,
three males (Prof. W. S. Wright) ; La Jola, June 10, 1915, three
males (B. B. Fulton) ; Dulzura, San Diego Co., June 13-21, 1917,
twenty males (Prof. W. S. Wright). In the collection of Dr. E. D.
Ball, there is a male collected at Ontario, San Bernardino Co., June
12, 1908.

In the Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History,
Vol. 2, p. 48, November, 1914, Mr. Van Duzee comments on this
species as follows : " This very pretty little species was abundant this

June-Sept., 1919.] DAVIS : ClCADAS. 221

season from April 26th until nearly the first of June. It occurs almost
exclusively on a certain fine tufted grass, probably a Poa, growing
on the hillsides about La Jolla and up Mission Valley and adjacent
canyons as far as the Old Mission and perhaps farther. The bright
red on the base of the wings gives this species a lively appearance
when spread. Like hcspcria Uhler it has the basal one half of the
elytra infuscated. It has a shrill but feeble note which is long con-
tinued and easy to locate, but can rarely be heard for more than one
hundred feet."

Okanagodes new genus.

In this genus the uncus is exposed as in Okanagana and the valve
and wing venation are the same, but the pronotum is much narrower
behind the eyes and the latter are exceedingly prominent. The front
protrudes considerably and the supra-antennal plates are also promi-
nent. The body is slim with the sides more parallel than in any
known species of Okanagana. The type of the genus is the new
species described below and figured on the accompanying plate.

Okanagodes gracilis new species. PI. xx, fig. 6.

Type male and allotype female from Washington Co., Utah
(Weidt). Davis collection.

A slim species the body in size about as in Okanagana synodica, but the

OkANAC-OJJES GKACILIi

sides are more parallel and the wings are proportionately longer. Eyes vary
prominent ; fore part of pronotum considerably narrowed. The front is also
very prominent with the median sulcus at first indistinct but lower down well
developed ; the supra-antennal plates are much enlarged. The result of these
characters is to give the front of the head, when seen from above, a more
uneven outline than in any Okanagana studied. The hook at the end of the

222 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

uncus is not much bent and it has no terminal notch. The opercula are small
and the song apparatus plainly exposed. The comparatively few hairs on the
underside of the abdomen are short and light colored ; the last ventral seg-
ment is pubescent, constricted at the sides and rounded at the extremity.
The insect is almost wholly straw-colored covered with a whitish pubescence ;
the eyes are darker and the ocelli are large and ruby colored. The transverse
rugae are darkened ; there is an inverted V-shaped mark on the front between
the supra-antennal plates. Pronotum with a dark-colored hour-glass-shaped
spot centrally ; the grooves darkened, and the posterior margin light-colored.
Mesonotum with four cuneiform dark spots stretching backward from the
anterior margin, the inner pair (the W-mark) not as long as the outer pair.
A dark line extending from the base of each fore wing backward to the
elevated X ; two small dark spots at the anterior extremities of the X.
Metanotum with a small dark elongate spot near the base of each hind wing
and a more rounded one above each tympanum. Abdomen with the segments
darkened at the base, but not on the sides. The costal margin of the fore
wings straw-colored to the end of the radial cell, darkened beyond, the re-
maining veins and about the outer half of the wing also darkened. Basal cell
clear. The anal membranes of the fore and hind wings are whitish, those of
the hind wings include a clouded spot. Beneath there is a small elongate
shining black spot each side near the base of the rostrum, which itself is
blackened at the extremity. There is a dark spot at the base of each wing
and dark lines- at the base of the legs; the claws and spines of the legs also
darkened. The usual dark spot centrally at the base of the abdomen. The
allotype is colored as in the type except that there is a small dark spot at the
side on each abdominal segment from the third to the seventh, and also a
fainter one not in line with the others on segment eight. The notch in the
last ventral segment is simple.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.
Length of body 19.5 20

Width of head across eyes 5 5.5

Expanse of fore wings 48 52

Length of valve • 3

In addition to the type and allotype another male and female from
the same locality and without date, are in the writer's collection, as
is also a male from Maricopa, Pinal Co., Arizona, July 3, 1918, col-
lected by A. M. Gaudin. This last has the body almost wholly straw-
colored and shows but faintly or not at all the darker marks described
in the type. In the collection of the Bureau of the Biological Survey,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, there are eighteen males and five
females, collected at Higley, Arizona, July 17 to 25, 1917, by E. G.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XXVII. PL XIX.

4

Cicadidas.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XX.

Cicadidae.

June-Sept., 1919.] DAWSON : SEEICA.

Holt. This series has individuals marked as in the type and others
that are almost wholly straw-colored-
Several of the species of the allied genus CUdophleps, which comes
next in the catalogue, were figured in the Journal of the N. Y. En-
tomological Society. March, 191 7.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate XIX.
Fig-. 1. Okanagana magnified Davis. Type.
Fig. 2. Okanagana cruentifera (LThler).
Fig. 3. Okanagana lurida Davis. Type.
Fig. 4. Okanagana napa Davis. Type.

Plate XX.

Fig. r. Okanagana bella Davis. Type.

Fig. 2. Okanagana rimosa ( S

Fig. 3. Okanagana canadensis (Provanchc-

Fig. 4. Okanagana utahensis Davis. Type.

Fig. 5. Okanagana balli Davis. Type.

Fig. 6. Okanagodes gracilis Davis. Paratype.

NEW SPECIES OF SERICA (SCARABiEID.aE)— II.

By R. \V. Dawson.
Lincoln, Nebraska.

Serica sponsa new species.

Male. — Length, S— 9 mm., width, 4.5-5 mm. Color varying from light
chestnut-brown to nearly black, highly polished and shining.

• pens with discal area either continuous with the convexity of the front
or broadly and slightly raised above its plain. Anterior margin of clypeus
rather suddenly and strongly elevated, lateral margins less so; lateral incisure
rather variable, but usually narrow and deep, entirely dividing the elevated
margin. Puncturation of clypeus moderately coarse and unusually dense, the
punctures coalescent to separated by half their own diameters : the dense,
rough puncturation obscuring and in some cases nearly effacing the fine
clypeal suture. Punctures of front a little coarser than those of the clypeus
and less regularly and densely placed. Antennal club small and short, but
v. . .ling half the total length of the antenna. Eyes small. Measure-

224 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxx il

ments of head as follows : Diameter of head through eyes, 23 ;i distance

Pronotum less convex than usual, with its width well carried forward to
the anterior third or fourth of its length, then broadly rounded to the anterior
angles. Both anterior and posterior angles obtusely rounded. Puncturation
coarse and quite evenly distributed over the whole surface ; the punctures
separated on the average by about their own diameters. The measurements
of the pronotum are as follows: Width through the posterior angles, 41;
width through the anterior angles, 24 ; length on the median line, 22. Scutel-
lum, except the apex, coarsely and closely punctured, the puncturation often
less dense through the center. Length, 10; width, 11.

Elytra furrowed as usual, but less strongly so than in cucullata and elusa,
the costae rounded, and the sulci not sharply defined. Sulci with three con-
fused rows of coarse punctures which show very little tendency to coalesce
laterally. Length of elytra, 70; width 50.

Metasternum and posterior coxal plates very coarsely and rather densely
punctate. Punctures of abdominal sternites but little more than half as large
as those of the coxal plates, but more closely set. Sixth sternite and apex of
pygidium opaque and thinly covered with erect, golden-brown setae. Pygidium
coarsely and densely punctured. The usual, single rows of stiff setae on the
sternites inconspicuous, the setee small and the rows traceable principally by
the somewhat coarser punctures which bear them. Erect setae of metasternum,
however, well developed and conspicuous, arranged in confused double rows
on each side of the median, impressed, longitudinal line, which is closely ap-
proximated on each side by a line of fine, longitudinally confluent punctures.

Genital armature of male (PL XXI) with exceptionally large, asymmetri-
cal claspers ; length 2.6 mm.

Female. — Almost an exact counterpart of the male; the most reliable
characters for its identification being the slightly less emarginate sixth
ventral sternite, and the more convex under line of the abdomen. Antennal
club scarcely perceptibly smaller than that of male. Facial puncturation
denser and rougher, with the clypeal suture more nearly effaced and the
clypeal incisure often less strongly developed than in the male.

Type: <$ Ithaca, New York, April 30, 1916 (S. H. Emerson).
Allotype: Millers, Indiana, July 19, 1916.
Paratypes : 6 <$, 7? :

New York: Catskill 1 3.

New Jersey : South Orange 2 <3.

Ohio : Cincinnati 1 $.

Indiana: Lafayette 1 d, 2 2; Jackson County 1 $.

1 The unit of measurement used is one tenth of a millimeter,
between inner eye margins, 14; length of head on median line, 18; extreme
width of clypeus in front of incisure, 1 1 ; antennal club, 6 ; dorso-ventral
diameter of eye, 8.

Jo urn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XXL

Serica.

June-Sept, 1919.] NOTMAN : CaRABIDJE. 225

Iowa: Iowa City 1 0", 3 ?; New Liberty 1 6*.
Sponsa is most readily distinguished from the other vespertina-like
Sericas by its coarse, dense puncturation, especially on the face where
it tends to obscure the clypeal suture, and by the small antenna! club
of the male. Mr. Blatchlcy's species evidens3 is the most cl
allied species at present known to the writer. It also has very •
facial puncturation and the small antenna! club in the male, but dif-
fers from sponsa at a glance, by the sharp carination of the median
line of the front and of the clypeal suture, also by the less uniform
and remarkably dense puncturation of the pronotum especially toward
the sides of the discal area. Evidens is the only species at hand in
which the male genital armature is at all comparable to that of sponsa,
but even here the resemblance is not close.

RECORDS AND NEW SPECIES OF CARABID^.

By Howard Nit max,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

While identifying some Carabidce belonging to Mr. C. W. Leng, a
number of species were discovered which seemed to be undescribed.
These with some others, part of a collection acquired from Mr. Gustav
Beyer, and one species of Patrobus collected in the Adirondack Moun-
tains during the summer of 1918, form the material for the following
descriptions. The species in the Beyer Collection had been marked new
or left with blank labels, with the exception of one species of Har-
palus, which was found under the label Harpolus herbivagus
With the descriptions arc included a number of records from the
Beyer Collection which seem of interest in extending the known
range of a number of speci< s.

Pachyteles beyeri new species.

Form very elongate, parallel ; color dark castaneo-piceous. nearly black,
finely alutaceous and subopaque : palpi, antenna; and lega rufo-piceous. Head
two fifths longer than wide, five sixths as wide as the thorax, as wide as the
thorax at apex; very sparsely but deeply and Strongly punctate; front rugose,

■ Canadian Entomologist. LI, p. 153; new name for carinoto.

226 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

strongly bi-impressed, impressions triangular; clypeus with three shallow im-
pressions, the median one anterior; penultimate joint of the maxillary palpi
very short, quadrate, terminal joint, cylindrical, truncate; terminal joint of
the labial palpi broad, triangular, slightly shorter than the penultimate ; mentum
deeply emarginate with a large acute tooth ; ligula narrow, bisetose at apex,
paraglossae equal in length broadly rounded at apex ; antennae short, stout, not
reaching the base of the thorax, outer joints very little longer than wide, joints
six to eleven strongly compressed, four basal joints glabrous. Thorax one
fourth wider than long, five sixths as wide as the elytra, distinctly narrower
at base than at apex, apex emarginate, "base feebly bisinuate, squarely trun-
cate ; sides broadly rounded in front, broadly sinuate in front of the posterior
angles, all the angles strongly rounded, the anterior slightly obtuse, prominent
but not produced, the posterior nearly rectangular ; side margins broad, strongly
reflexed, wider in front and behind ; basal foveae not distinct ; transverse im-
pressions strong, the anterior rugose ; median line fine, strongly impressed,
abbreviated before and behind; a row of strong, coarse punctures along the
anterior margin, disk punctate as the head, punctures smaller and less distinct.
Elytra three times as long as the thorax, nearly three times as long as wide,
basal margin inferior ; sides parallel to apical fourth, thence strongly rounded
to the apices, which are separately rounded, sinuation distinct ; striae feeble,
intervals sub-carinate with single rows of very indistinct, widely spaced punc-
tures, those on the inner intervals almost indistinguishable. Abdomen punc-
tate-setose, punctuation elsewhere on the underside, sparse and indistinct.
Anterior femora with a strong tooth on the lower edge at basal two fifths ;
tibiae and tarsi pubescent; fourth tarsal joint slightly emarginate; claws slen-
der, simple; tibial spurs very short. Length, 14 mm.; width, 3 mm. 1 J1.

Male: First two joints of the anterior tarsi moderately dilated and squamu-
lose beneath ; lateral margin of the elytra sharply expanded at apical fourth.

San Felipe, Low. Cal. (Beyer).

Of the many species in this genus described from Mexico and
South America, one only of those with dentate anterior femora has
rounded posterior thoracic angles. This species, P. morio Klug (Ann.
Soc. Ent. Belg., 11, 1867-1868, p. 52) is larger (16-17 mm.), with
differently proportioned head and thorax, the thorax with the an-
terior angles produced. P. parca Lee. (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XII, 1885,
p*. 2) from Arizona is of the same size and general form, but the
thorax is described as " as long as wide, with the dorsal line entire,
. . . front angles somewhat acute," elytra with interspaces " each with
a row of well-marked distant punctures." It is not stated that the
thoracic angles are rounded, which would be a strange omission in
describing the present species. (The description of P. unicolor
Fairm. from Chili could not be found.)

June-Sept., 1919.] NOTMAN I CaRABID.^. 227

Bembidium nevadense Ulke.

Placer Co., Cal. Through C. V. Riley, 1888. 2 specimens.

This species is recorded from Reno, Nevada, by Casey and from
Cal. and Or. by Hayward.

Bembidium consanguineum Hayw.

Or. I specimen.

This species is recorded from New Mexico, Colorado (Boulder
Co.), Utah (Southwestern), Arizona (Tucson and other parts) by
Casey, and from Cal., Utah, Ariz., Col., Guadaloupe Isd. by Hayward.

Bembidium micans new species.

Form oblong, parallel, moderately convex; color black, very shining, head
and thorax very faintly aeneous, an indistinct spot on the humerus and a sub-
marginal one at apical two fifths dull testaceous. Head as wide as the thorax
at apex ; eyes large ; frontal sulci single, straight, parallel, not deep ; antennae
reaching the basal third of the elytra. Thorax obtrapezoidal, one half wider
than long, base as wide as the apex, moderately convex, sides moderately
rounded in front, very slightly sinuate in front of the posterior angles which
are sub-rectangular ; margin rather broad, narrowly reflexed at edge ; basal
foveas strong, bistriate, rugose, carinas long and sharply defined ; anterior im-
pression distinct ; median line strong, slightly impressed, abbreviated in front
and behind. Elytra one half wider than the thorax, parallel, three fifths longer
than wide, strongly arcuate from apical third to the apex, humeri subangulate ;
striae very fine, abbreviated at apex, finely punctate on basal half, the seventh
obsolete, represented at base by a row of very indistinct punctures, eighth
very deep and indistinct from the margin ; two impressed punctures on the
third stria at basal one third and apical two fifths. Length, 5-5.5 mm.; width,
1.8—2 mm. 1 (J, 1 J,

Dallas, Ore. Collection C. W. Leng.

In Col. Casey's recent revision of Bembidium (Mem. Col., VIII,
1918), this species would be placed with lugubre Lee, because of its
maculate elytra and trapezoidal thorax. It seems, however, most
closely related to nitens Lee. (grapei Gyll.), because of its highly pol-
ished integuments and finely punctured and indistinct striae. In Mr.
Hayward's arrangement of the genus, it would be placed near breve
Mots., from which it differs by its maculate elytra.

Bembidium dilaticolle new species.

Form rather broad, sub-depressed. Color black, head and thorax slightly
greenish metallic, elytra pale testaceous, the suture and a transverse fascia
behind the middle blackish piceous ; palpi, antennae and legs pale rufo-testa-

228 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

ceous. Head wider than long, wider than the thorax at apex; eyes very large
strongly convex; frontal sulci strongly convergent but not joining at the clypeal
margin, a short outer sulcus on either side and two smaller sulci within ;
mentum with a strong entire tooth ; antenns short, reaching the base of the
thorax, joints sub-equal, twice as long as wide. Thorax strongly convex, twice
as wide as long, smooth, impunctate, three fourths the width of the elytra ;
sides strongly rounded, anterior and posterior angles not distinct ; basal trans-
verse impression strong, beaded, close to the posterior margin ; basal fovese
linear, short, strongly impressed, distant from the angles which are not cari-

nate ; anterior impression distinct; median line scarcely visible; side margin
moderate, edge reflexed. The distance between the basal setae is very slightly
less than the width of the thorax at apex. Elytra three times as long as the
thorax, one half longer than broad ; disk slightly depressed ; sides moderately
and evenly arcuate from the rounded humeri to the apical one third, thence
strongly rounded to the apex ; basal margin entire below the disk. Sutural
stria; strong only on the apical third, the remaining very indistinct, their posi-
tions marked by six rows of coarse punctures, obliterated behind the middle ;
the punctures of the other rows are larger than those of the inner; the eighth
stria is indistinct from the margin and very strongly impressed ; two impressed
punctures on the third interval near the third stria at basal fourth and apical
third. Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.45 mm. 1 §.

Huachuca Mts., Ariz., 7-05. (Beyer.)

This species would be placed in Group XIII, sphaeroderum (Cy-
clolopha) of Col. Casey's revision, but differs from the species therein
described by its broader thorax and maculate elytra. It also differs
from B. cyclodes described by Bates from Southern Mexico (Biol.
Cent. Am. Col., i (I), p. 290) in form, maculation and elytral
sculpture.

June-Sept., 1919.] NOTMAN : CaRABID^. 229

Bembidium constricticolle Hayw.

Rincon Mts., Ariz., 7-07. (Beyer.) 2 specimens.

This species is recorded from Colorado Springs by Casey and
from the San Juan River, New Mexico and Winslow, Arizona, by
Hayward.

Tachys rectangulus new species.

Form elongate-oval, convex. Color rufo-testaceous, head and thorax
darker; elytra iridescent with an indefinite median cloud slightly behind the
middle. Head as wide as the thorax at apex; eyes flattened, not prominent;
antennae long, reaching the basal third of the elytra, joints five to seven, three
times as long as wide; mentum with two forameniform punctures. Thorax one
third wider than long, base and apex equal in width; sides strongly rounded on
the apical half, oblique and straight behind to the basal sixth, where they are
suddenly sinuate ; anterior angles not evident, posterior angles long, rectan-
gular and reflexed, base slightly oblique either side. Elytra elongate-oval,
widest at the middle, three times as long as and one fifth wider than the
thorax ; sides evenly arcuate throughout, humeri rather narrow ; two inner
striae distinct, impunctate, eighth broadly interrupted at the middle ; recurved
portion of the sutural striae parallel with the suture, hooked at apex with a
puncture within the hook ; anterior puncture at basal third. Length, 2.75 mm. ;
width, 1 mm. 1 <$.

Male: Two basal joints of the anterior tarsi dilated, with the inner apical
angles prolonged.

North America, locality uncertain. Collection C. W. Leng.

This species resembles T. proximus Say, but is more elongate and
the thorax is larger and less transverse with prominent rectangular
posterior angles.

Tachys conjugens new species.

Form elongate, subparallel, depressed. Color rufo-testaceous, eyes black.
Head as wide as long, wider than the thorax at apex, eyes moderately large and
convex; frontal impressions short, broad and shallow, not extending on the
clypeus ; mentum strongly emarginate, tooth strong with a broadly rounded
apex; forameniform punctures absent; antennae moderately long and slender,
reaching basal one fourth of the elytra, joints sub-equal, basal joint stouter,
two, three and four more slender, the others twice as long as wide, slightly
compressed. Thorax one third wider than long, two thirds as wide as the
elytra, widest at apical third ; base as wide as the apex ; sides strongly
rounded in front, slightly sinuate at basal third, thence straight and slightly
oblique to the obtuse and sharply defined posterior angles ; anterior angles not
defined, apex slightly emarginate, posterior transverse impression strong,
angulate at middle and punctate; base margined, basal area faintly rugose;

230 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

anterior transverse impression indistinct, median line distinct, abbreviated
before and behind ; side margins moderate, edge reflexed. Elytra three times
as long as the thorax, twice as long as wide ; sides straight and nearly parallel
to the apical third, thence moderately arcuate to apex ; disk with five distinct

and punctured striae, sixth represented by a row of indistinct punctures ; the
second and third curve out at apex and join the incurved portion of the sutural
stria, which is strongly marked and parallel to the suture and not hooked ; the
second and third striae are indistinct where they join the incurved sutural;
eighth stria broadly interrupted at the middle. Two impressed punctures on
the third stria. Length, 2.75 mm. ; width, 1 mm. 2 5.

Rincon Mts., Ariz., 7-07. (Beyer.)

This species with the form of the group vittiger belongs by its
structural characters in the group incurvus (Tachyura Mots., Bary-
tachys Chaud.). In Col. Casey's arrangement of Tachyura, it would
be placed next to tripunctatus Say from which it is distinguishable by
the absence of the three basal thoracic punctures. In Hayward's ar-
rangement it would be placed next ferrugineus by its distinctly punc-
tured striae. It is distinguishable from ferrugineus by its elongate
and depressed form and more numerous striae.

T. conjugens agrees with the description of T. curvans Bates
(Biol. Cent. Am., i (I), p. 143) from Guatemala with the exception
of the incurved portion of the sutural stria which in curvans Bates
states to be visible only " under a high power of the microscope." In
conjugens it is as strong as in any of the North American species of
the subgenus Tachyura. Bates also states : " A species very closely
resembling this {curvans) but having a rather narrower and more
cordate thorax, has been sent to me from California as Tachys n. sp.
by Mr. H. K. Morrison." No such species has been described. It
may be that conjugens is the one referred to.

June-Sept., 1919.] NOTMAN I CaRABID.E. 231

Patrobus longipalpus new species.

Form elongate-oblong, depressed. Color black, moderately shining, an-
tennae, palpi, tibiae and tarsi rufo-piceous. Head one third longer than broad,
as wide as the thorax at apex, basal constriction not evident ; eyes moderately
prominent; frontal impressions long, deep, extending on the clypeus, a few
indistinct rugae behind the eyes ; mandibles prominent ; third joint of the
maxillary palpi long, slender, subcylindrical, not wider at apex, one half longer
than the second ; terminal joint of the labial palpi shorter and stouter, penul-
timate joint bi-setose in front; mentum moderately and broadly emarginate
with a short, deeply bifid tooth ; antennae moderately slender, first joint short
and stout, less than twice as long as wide, third nearly three times as long
as the second, fourth to eleventh shorter, subequal, more than twice as long
as wide, two basal joints glabrous. Thorax one half wider than long, as wide
at base as at apex, depressed, sides slightly rounded in front with a distinct
sinuation or flattening at apical one third, anterior angles slightly prominent,
broadly rounded ; oblique behind and broadly sinuate at basal third, posterior
angles slightly obtuse, not rounded ; margins moderately wide, edge narrowly
reflexed ; basal foveae, broad, oblique, indistinct, strongly rugose, transverse
impressions indistinct, coarsely and sparsely punctate and rugose ; base oblique
at either side. Elytra three times as long as the thorax and one fourth wider ;
basal margin below the disk ; humeri sub-angulate, sides nearly straight and
parallel to apical two fifths, thence evenly arcuate to apex ; striae moderately
strong, finely and distinctly punctate on basal half, intervals slightly convex;
three impressed punctures on the third stria ; sterna sparsely punctate. Legs
moderate, femora moderately stout, tibiae scarcely wider, at apex ; posterior
trochanters two fifths the length of the femora, with rounded apices. Length,
10 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 1 J.

Keene Heights, Essex Co., N. Y., 6 July, 1918. (Notman.)
This species may be distinguished from P. rugicollis by its smaller
size, broader and more rugose thorax and by the long terminal joint
of the maxillary palpi, differing from the terminal joint of the labial
palpi. It may be distinguished from P. septentrionis by its broad de-
pressed and rugose thorax.

Pterostichus laevilatus new species.

Form oval, slightly elongate, slightly convex. Color black, strongly
shining, elytra dark piceous, slightly bronzed, mandibles, palpi, antennae and
legs rufous. Head as wide as the thorax at apex, as long as wide; frontal
impressions broad, not deep, rounded and sparsely and indistinctly punctate;
palpi subcylindrical, truncate at apex ; mentum with a broad bifid tooth.
Thorax one fourth wider than long, three fourths as wide as the elytra, widest
before the middle; base equal in width to the apex; sides broadly rounded,
strongly sinuate at basal one sixth, thence straight to the sharply rectangular

232 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

posterior angles ; anterior angles rounded, not prominent, apex slightly
emarginate ; basal f oveae broad, shallow, coarsely punctate, strongly bistriate,
inner striae longer, angles strongly carinate ; transverse impressions indistinct ;
median line, strong, abbreviated before and behind ; side margins narrow with
narrowly reflexed edge, the usual two setae on either side at posterior angles
and apical one fourth. Prosternum not margined at apex. Elytra two and
one half times as long as the thorax; two thirds longer than wide, widest at
middle, slightly wider than the thorax at base, humeri sub-dentiform ; sides
strongly and evenly rounded from humeri to apex ; striae strong and distinctly
punctate, outer striae less distinct, scutellar striae very short ; two small punc-
tures on the second stria, one slightly before the middle and the other at
apical one fourth. Metasternal side-pieces short, slightly longer than wide.
Three basal joints of the posterior tarsi grooved on the outer side. Length,
9 mm. ; width, 3.5 mm. 1 J.

Golden, B. C. Collection C. W. Leng.

This species seems closely related to the species of the subgenus
Omasens. The short metasternal side-pieces and short scutellar striae
would associate it, however, with the species tumescens, obscurus and
ventralis of section B of the third division of Leconte's synopsis. The
strongly oval, somewhat ventricose elytra and indistinct outer striae
also indicate a relationship with these species. The bipunctate second
elytral striae would distinguish it from either of these groups.

Amara humilis Casey.

Rockaway B., L. I., May 15, 1910. (W. T. Davis.) Ramsey, Ber-
gen Co., N. J., May 30, 1917. Keene Valley, Essex Co., N. Y., May
24, 1916, June 18, 1917. Johnsontown, Rockland Co., N. Y., April 28,
1918. Greenwood Lake, Passaic Co., N. J., and Orange Co., N. Y.,
May 5, 1918. (Notman.)

This species, recently described by Casey (Mem. Col., VIII, p.
302), is recorded by him from Rhode Island (Boston Neck) and
Long Island (Huntington and Wyandanch) — Schott.

Platynus imitans new species.

Form oblong, subdepressed. Color piceous, palpi, antennae, legs and mar-
gins of the thorax pale rufo-piceous ; impunctate, shining. Head longer than
wide, three fourths as wide as the thorax, as wide as the thorax at apex;
frontal impressions broad, shallow, indefinite ; antennae long, slender, reaching
the middle of the elytra, outer joints four times as long as wide, pubescence
beginning on the fourth joint. Thorax as long as wide, as wide at base as
apex, three fifths as wide as the elytra, apex distinctly emarginate, base
arcuate ; sides broadly and evenly arcuate from base to apex ; anterior angles

June-Sept., 1919.] NOTMAN : CaRABIDjE. 233

sub-prominent, rounded, posterior angles rounded ; side margins, moderately
broad, slightly wider and more strongly reflexed behind ; anterior transverse
impression indistinct, posterior distinct; median line strong, sub-entire; basal
foveas large, round, indistinct, indistinctly rugose and finely alutaceous.
Elytra two and one half times as long as the thorax, one and one half times
as long as wide ; humeri broadly rounded ; sides nearly straight to apical one
third, thence strongly rounded to the apex, indistinctly sinuate at apex; striae
deep, distinctly crenate-punctate ; intervals convex, smooth, strongly shining,
third interval with three punctures, first at basal fourth on the third stria,
second and third behind the middle on the second stria. Legs moderate in
length, tarsi of the intermediate and posterior pairs, strongly grooved. Length,
6.5 mm. ; width, 2.5 mm. 1 $.

North America, locality uncertain. Collection C. W. Leng.

This species seems best placed with P. collaris Say in section D of
Leconte's synopsis, from which it would differ by its color, small size,
and narrower thorax.

Platynus foveiceps new species.

Form elongate-oblong, depressed. Color black, shining, bronzed with a
purplish tinge. Head slightly longer than wide, as wide as the thorax at apex,
strongly longitudinally rugose, either side, with a punctiform impression over
either eye ; antennae slender, reaching the base of the thorax, second joint
shorter, outer joints three times longer than wide. Thorax one fifth wider
than long, three fourths the width of the elytra, as wide at base as at apex,
widest before the middle; sides rounded in front, nearly straight and oblique
behind to the strongly rounded posterior angles; anterior angles rounded, not
prominent ; apex slightly emarginate ; basal foveae distinct, linear, angles with
a strong blunt tubercle ; side margins narrow, very slightly broader and reflexed
behind; transverse impressions obsolete; median line strong, entire or nearly
so, surface strongly transverse-rugose throughout. Elytra as wide as the
thorax at base, two and one half times as long, twice as long as wide; humeral
angles broadly rounded, sides moderately and evenly arcuate to near the apex,
thence strongly arcuate and faintly sinuate to the apex ; striae moderately fine,
impunctate, intervals flat, third with six impressed punctures, first on the third
stria. Tarsi grooved. Length, 9.5 mm. ; width, 3.5 mm. 1 $.

Franktown, Nevada. Collection C. W. Leng.

This species resembles P. fossiger. It may be distinguished by the
strongly rugose head and thorax, the punctiform impressions on the
occiput, the basal thoracic tubercles and the thorax flatter behind the
middle.

234 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Coptodera unicolor Chevr.

Rincon Mts., Ariz., 5,000 ft., 7-07. (Beyer.)

This species is recorded from Orizaba, Mexico, by Chevrolat
(Col. Mex., 2d fasc, mars, 1834, No. 40), from Mexico by Chaudoir
(Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 12, p. 179), and from Arizona by Schaeffer
(Sc. Bull., Mus. Br. Inst., V. 1, No. 17, p. 400).

Plochionus tricolor new species.

Form rather broad, depressed, widest near the apex of the elytra. Color
rufo-testaceous, elytra excepting the margins, black. Head as long as wide,
three fourths as wide as the thorax ; eyes very large and convex ; neck con-
stricted behind the eyes ; frontal impressions shallow, indistinct, longitudinally
rugulose ; labrum broad, truncate at apex, slightly narrowed to the base, angles
rounded ; terminal joint of the maxillary palpi, slender, cylindrical, of the
labial palpi wider and obliquely truncate at apex ; mentum with an acute tooth ;
antennae rather short, reaching the base of the thorax, second joint short, five
to ten stouter, parallel, one and one half times as long as wide, terminal joint
subequal to the preceding two ; four basal joints glabrous. Thorax depressed,
twice as wide as long, widest at middle, two thirds as wide as the elytra, width
at apex scarcely more than one half that at base ; sides strongly and evenly
rounded to behind the middle, thence nearly straight to the base; anterior
angles completely rounded, posterior angles obtuse but distinct, base faintly
bisinuate at middle ; side margins broad and depressed, much broader behind,
slightly undulate with the edge slightly reflexed before the middle ; impres-
sions indistinct, median line abbreviated before and behind, surface, sparsely
transverse-rugose. Elytra strongly depressed, three times as long as the
thorax, one half longer than wide, as wide as the thorax at base ; humeri
broadly rounded; sides very slightly arcuate to apical fifth, thence rounded and
truncate to apex ; striae fine, intervals convex, finely, very sparsely and irregu-
larly punctate ; third interval with two setiferous punctures, one at basal one
fourth, the other at apical one fifth. Fourth tarsal joint very deeply emargi-
nate, claws pectinate. Length, 6 mm. ; width, 2.5 mm. 2 £.

Key Largo, Fla. (Beyer.)

This species is distinctly narrower in form than P. dorsalis Horn.

Apenes hilariola Bates.

Santa Rosa, Low. Cal. (Beyer.)

This species is recorded by Bates from Cuernavaca, Colima City,
Mex. (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lon., 1891, p. 271).

Harpalus cyrtonotoides new species.

Form oblong, parallel, slightly elongate, slightly convex. Color dark
piceous, strongly shining; palpi, .antennas, legs and margins rufous. Head as

June-Sept., 1919.] NOTMAN : CaRAEID.E. 235

wide as the thorax at apex, wider than long, three fifths as wide as the thorax ;
eyes rather small, but convex and prominent ; frontal impressions very small,
perforate punctate, in contact with the clypeal suture which is slightly incurved
either side; mentum tooth short with broadly rounded apex; antennae short
and slender, not reaching the base of the thorax. Thorax rather large, two
fifths wider than long, widest in front of the middle, scarcely narrower than
the elytra, base slightly wider than the apex ; sides strongly rounded in front,
nearly straight and distinctly convergent behind to the rather narrowly rounded
posterior angles ; apex distinctly emarginate, anterior angles rather broadly
rounded ; base very distinctly and broadly emarginate, posterior angles dis-
tinctly inclined backwards; disk moderately and evenly convex from side to
side ; transverse impressions sub-obsolete ; marginal gutter narrow and even
in width throughout; basal foveae linear and deep, slightly impressed with a
few coarse punctures, area between the fovea? and the angles convex and im-
punctate; marginal gutter with an irregular row of coarse punctures extending
nearly to the middle ; basal margin interrupted at the middle. Elytra slightly
wider than the thorax at base and twice as long, one half longer than wide ;
sides very broadly and evenly rounded to apical one fourth, thence strongly
rounded and oblique to apex, sinuation very feeble ; striae, strong, deep ; inter-
vals convex, impunctate, a puncture on the second stria at apical third. Ac-
cessory abdominal setae absent ; abdomen punctured between the coxae. Length,
9.25 mm.; width, 3 mm. 2 £.

Col. (Collection C. W. Leng.)

This species is closely allied to spadiceus Dej. It may be distin-
guished by its broader thorax with base emarginate and the basal
margin interrupted at the middle. It seems also closely allied to
ccquabilis Csy. (Mem. Col., V, p. 100) , one of several grouped to-
gether by a short broadly rounded mentum tooth, also found in spa-
diceus Dej. The proportions are similar but certain features of the
thorax are not in accord — the marginal gutter even in width through-
out, basal angular are moderately convex and impunctate and the
conformation of the base. The row of coarse punctures in the mar-
ginal gutter could scarcely be overlooked and none is mentioned in
ccquabilis.

Harpalus cordifer new species.

Form oblong, elongate. Color black, shining (£), slightly alutaceous ($),
elytra dark piceous, epipleurae and margins paler ; palpi, antennae and legs dark
rufous, tarsi darker. Head wider than the thorax at apex, wider than long,
four fifths the width of the thorax; frontal foveae punctiform, deep, broadly
impressed ; clypeal suture very distinct connecting the foveae, but indistinct
between the latter and the margins of the head ; eyes rather small but promi-
nent; mentum with a narrow, acutely pointed tooth; antennae surpassing the

236 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

base of the thorax; joints more than twice as long as wide. Thorax one third
wider than long, four fifths the width of the elytra, as wide at base as at
apex, widest slightly before the middle ; sides broadly rounded in front, broadly
sinuate and oblique behind to the sub-rectangular and not rounded posterior
angles ; apex moderately emarginate, base distinctly, but less emarginate than
the apex ; side margin narrow, not expanded basally ; basal margin distinct
and entire ; transverse impressions indistinct, median line strong, abbreviated
in front; basal foveas deep, linear, broadly impressed, coarsely rugose-punctate;
basal third of the disk coarsely punctate, the rest with sparse, fine and rather
indistinct punctuation. Elytra wider than the thorax at base and two and one
half times as long, nearly twice as long as wide, evenly elongate-oval, apical
sinuation strong and abrupt ; striae deep, intervals moderately convex, impunc-
tate; third interval without impressed punctures. Abdomen without accessory
setae; indistinctly punctate between the coxae. Length, 7.5-8.75 mm.; width,
3-3.5 mm. 3 <£ 1 5.

Br. Col. (Beyer.)

This species is closely allied to H. retractus Lee. It differs by its
much smaller size, larger head, longer and more strongly punctured
basal area of the thorax with deep linear fovese, and its narrow and
acute mentum tooth.

Anisodactylus depressus new species.

Form oblong, somewhat broad, depressed. Color black, shining in both
sexes ; palpi and antennae rufous, legs dark rufo-piceous ; tarsi paler. Head
broader than long, two thirds as wide as the thorax, slightly narrower than
the thorax at apex ; frontal foveas punctiform, broadly impressed, slightly re-
moved from the clypeal suture, which is very fine ; eyes rather large but flat-
tened, not prominent; ligula narrow, not wider at apex and bisetose, paraglossae
much broader and longer, apex broadly rounded ; mentum with a short but dis-
tinct tooth ; antennae slender, extending beyond the base of the thorax, outer
joints three to four times as long as wide, three basal joints glabrous. Thorax
twice as wide as long (<$), slightly less ($), four fifths as wide as the elytra,
slightly narrower at apex than at base, widest at middle; sides broadly and
evenly rounded throughout ; apex very slightly emarginate, anterior angles not
at all prominent, broadly rounded ; posterior angles slightly obtuse, very nar-
rowly rounded ; side .margins rather broad, widening rapidly from the middle
and disappearing at basal one third in the general depression of the posterior
angles ; basal impressions large, shallow and indefinite, not distinctly punctate,
but rather strongly rugose ; anterior transverse impression strong, basal indis-
tinguishable median line nearly obsolete. Elytra depressed, three times as
long as the thorax, more than two thirds longer than wide ; sides very slightly
arcuate to apical third, thence strongly rounded to the apex, apical sinuation
distinct; striae strong, intervals broadly convex; an impressed puncture ad-
herent to the second stria at apical one fourth. Body beneath impunctate.

June-Sept., 1919.] Leng: Edward Doublf.day Harris. 237

Anterior tibial spurs slender; basal joints of the posterior tarsi equal in length
to the next two. Length, 13.5 mm.; width, 5 mm. 1 rf, 1 J.

Austin, Tex., 10/20. Collection C. W. Leng.

The structural characters of this species place it in the group
given the generic name Anisotarsus by Chaudoir. It is distinguish-
able from A. brevicollis Chaud. by its much larger head, impunctate
thorax and shorter and more strongly striate elytra. It closely re-
sembles the larger species of the fraternus group of the genus Har-
palus.

EDWARD DOUBLEDAY HARRIS.

By Charles W. Leng,

Staten Island, N. Y.

Edward Doubleday Harris was born September 20, 1839, in Cam-
bridge, Mass., the son of Dr. Thaddeus W. Harris, the author of "In-
sects Injurious to Vegetation," and a descendant of the English people
who first settled in New England. He died of pneumonia, without
pain, on Sunday afternoon, March 2, 1919, having attained a greater
age than any of his forefathers, " the Patriarch of the Harris fam-
ily," as he described himself a short time ago.

He was a man of many activities. By profession an architect,
after studying in the Massachusetts School of Architecture, he came
to New York in 1872 and became associated with A. T. Stewart in
the building of St. Paul's School, St. Mary's School and St. Mary's
Cathedral at Garden City and in the remodelling of the Grand Union
and Windsor Hotels at Saratoga, and later in the rebuilding and man-
agement of the Stewart building at No. 280 Broadway, New York,
where he had his own office. Among his other important architec-
tural works were Woodlawn, Judge Hilton's 1,600-acre estate at Sara-
toga, and the Park Avenue Hotel in New York, at first called the
Woman's Hotel. He was so successful in these important matters
that he became later one of the executors of the Stewart Estate and
afterwards of the Hilton Estate. Outside of these duties, which
brought him a sufficient income, he devoted himself to church matters,
being warden of St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church in Yonkers

238

Journal New York Entomological Society. fVo1- xxvu.

(where he made his home at 224 Palisades Ave., for thirty-five
years) and frequently its delegate to the diocesan convention; to
genealogical and historical research, in which he was the author of
many books and papers ; and to entomology. He was the senior mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Historical Society during the last year of

Mr. Harris and Mr. Leng, at Callicoon, Sullivan Co., N. Y., where Cicin-
dela marginipennis is found on the stones in the foreground.

his life, having outlived all who were already members when he was
elected; a member of the New England Historical Society, New York
Genealogical and Biographical Society,1 the American Museum of
Natural History and the New York Entomological Society. In ento-
mology he became a specialist in the family Cicindelidse and gathered
during the last twenty years of his life a collection phenomenal for
its extraordinary number of specimens as well as species and for the
extreme neatness and accuracy with which each specimen was pre-
pared and labeled. This collection, which included exotic as well as

1 A portrait and biography was published in the July number of this
society's "Record" (Vol. L, No. 3, pp. 209—211). •

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PI. XXII

Ofh.fiylSl

june-Sept, 1919.] Leng: Edward Doueleday Harris. 239

American species, he gave to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Cambridge, possibly out of regard for his lifelong friend, Samuel
Henshaw, its curator, carrying many of the boxes there himself
before his death; the American Museum of Natural History was also
indebted to him for many important donations. He was elected a
member of the Xew York Entomological Society, October 20, 1903,
and was its Vice-President at the time of his death. Notwithstanding
his age, he was a frequent attendant at the meetings, his last ap-
pearance being on February 18, 1919; and often a contributor to its
proceedings. At the meeting of November 5, 1918, he spoke at length
of the Cicindelidse of New Hampshire and especially of his success in
personally tracing the distribution of Cicindela ancocisconensis, de-
scribed by his father in 1852, on the watershed of the three rivers
draining the White Mountains. His personal collecting covered many
localities in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Con-
necticut, Long Island, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee by numerous short
trips, the last having been Southern Pines, N. C, in February, 1919.
At various times among his companions on such trips were Wm. T.
Davis, A. J. Mutchler, A. H. Manee, Dr. F. E. Lutz and the writer.

All his entomological work was done after his sixtieth year; it
will long be remembered, not only for that reason, itself sufficiently
remarkable, but for the light it threw upon the geographical distribu-
tion and racial variations of the Cicindelidse. He had just com-
pleted, when taken ill, an exhaustive study of the African Cicindelidae
collected for the American Museum of Natural History by Herbert
Lang and James P. Chapin, the results of which may also be printed.

Mr. Harris was blessed by nature with great vitality and keen
intellect; an unusually prepossessing appearance coupled with a per-
sonal charm of manner that drew his friends close to him; an up-
rightness that knew no deviation from the straight path, yet so tem-
pered by tact and kindliness that it never permitted him to wound
the most sensitive ; and a sense of humor that continually came to the
surface and dimpled his cheeks. His long life was made heavy at
times by the many responsibilities he assumed, but happily cheered by
the wife, son and daughter who survive him, and by the host of
friends who respected, admired and really loved him.

240 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Entomological Writings of Edward Doubleday Harris.

i. Description of Cicindela roguensis, Can. Ent., XXXIII, 1901, p. 226.

2. North American Cicindelidse in the Harris Collection, Yonkers, 191 1.

3. Three New Cicindelids, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXI, 1913, pp. 67-69.

4. The Cicindelinse of North America as arranged by Dr. W. Horn, in Gen-

era Insectorum, New York, 1916 (with C. W. Leng) ; distributed by Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.

Short Notes and Remarks reported in Proc. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

5. Some Cicindelidas recently received from British Columbia, XIII, 1904,

P- 25.

6. Report on Collecting in Del., W. Va., Vt., N. Y. and L. I., XIII, 1905,

p. 100.

7. Cicindela Iongilabris, "XIII, 1905, p. 168.

8. Collecting in Tenn., N. C, XVI, 1908, p. 55.

9. Cic. formosa-generosa, XVII, 1908, p. 47.

10. Cic. of So. Ala. received from Loding, XVIII, 1910, p. 131.

11. Habitat of Tiger Beetles, XXI, 1913, pp. 80-85.

12. Color forms of C. rugifrons, XXI, 19 13, p. 164.

13. C. Iongilabris in N. Mex., XXI, 1913, p. 311.

14. C. marginipennis at Callicoon, N. Y., XXI, 1913, p. 318.

15. Recently Noted Forms of Omns, XXII, 1914, p. 78.

16. Letters of T. W. Harris, Haldeman, Melsheimer and Abbot, XXII, 1914,

p. 76.

17. West Indian Cicindelidae, XXII, 1914, p. 182.

18. Exhibition of Exotic Genera of Cic, XXII, 1914, pp. 82-183.

19. Collecting in Va., N. C, and S. C, XXIII, 1915, p. 198.

20. Collecting in L. I., XXIV, 1916, p. 101.

21. Anonymous Verse, XXIV, 1916, p. 159.

22. C. ancocisconensis, XXIV, 191 6, p. 34.

23. Some White Mt. Cicindelse, XXV, 1917, p. 137.

24. Cicindelidae of New Hampshire, XXVI, 1918, p. 237.

List of Species and Varieties Described.

C. lantzi, 13, p. 68, var. of 10-notata Say.

C. vulgaris-minor, 11, p. 18 = minor Leng.

C. borealis, 11, p. 19 var. of tranquebarica Hbst.

C. roguensis, 01, p. 226, = vibex Horn.

C. Carolina, 11, p. 28 var. of scutellaris Say.

C. segnis, 13, p. 69, var. of debilis Bates.

C. smythi, 13, p. 67, var. of chlorocephala Chev.

C. rubicunda, 11, p. 55, var. of sperata Lee.

June-Sept., I9I9-] M ISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 241

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Charles W. Leng, Secretary of the New York Entomological So-
ciety and Research Associate in the American Museum of Natural
History, has heen appointed Director of the Museum of the Staten
Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. Mr. Leng has heen interested
in the natural history of Staten Island, where he was born and lives,
since boyhood. Entomologists and other naturalists, visiting New
York City, can reach the Museum of the Institute by a pleasant half
hour's sail across the bay on the Staten Island ferry and thus inspect
the collections in all orders that have been accumulated.

Edmund H. Gibson has resigned his position with the U. S. Bureau
of Entomology and is entering upon a new field of endeavor for
himself. Believing that entomology can be put on a dignified pro-
fessional business basis the same as law, medicine, engineering, etc.,
he is taking the initial step and believes that after a certain amount
of pioneering work the field should open up to other entomologists.
Mr. Gibson's headquarters, for the time being, will be Alexandria,
Virginia. His professional card is worded " Consulting Entomologist
and Agricultural Engineer."

Additions and Corrections to the Review of the Genus Buprestis in
North America. — Buprestis viridisuturalis Xicolay and Weiss (Jour.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, p. 101). Mr. H. E. Burke informs us
that this species breeds in cottonwood and Mr. Ralph Hopping also
informs us that in addition to cottonwood, he has found it breeding
in alder, and that it occurs at less than 1,000 feet elevation and at
4,500 feet in such interior valleys as the Yosemite of the South Fork
of Kings River.

Buprestis connexa Horn. The record of this species from Gains-
ville, Florida (Ent. X'ews, 1918, Vol. XXIX, p. 331) is an error.
This very rare species is confined to the North Western United States
(Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho).

Buprestis fasciata Fabricius. In the key to the species of Bupres-
tis (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXVI, p. 81, second line from top),
the word " usually " should precede " internally " and " armed " in
order to admit this species and its variety langi Mann. — A. S. Nico-
lay and H. B. Weiss.

242 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of February 18.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., February 18, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History,
President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with 18 members and two visitors
present.

The following active members were elected : Lt. Willard J. Chamberlin,
Oregon Exp. Sta., Corvallis, Oregon; Morton R. Peck, M.D., Cornwall-on-the-
Hudson, N. Y. ; J. W. Smith, 212 Madison Ave., Paterson, N. J.; Waldo
Kortright, 123 May St., Hawthorne, N. J.

Dr. Lutz exhibited Memoirs III, N. S., Am. Mus, N. H., Oct., 1918, con-
taining " Illustrations of the N. Am. Sp. of the gen. Catocala " with extraor-
dinary profusion of colored plates, possibly the most sumptuous volume of
American entomology published.

A photograph of Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena, was received. Papers on
the legs of insects were read by Mr. Barber (Hemiptera), Dr. Lutz (honey
bee), Mr. Schott (Calotarsa J1), Dr. Felt (Gall Midges), and were freely
discussed by the members ; Mr. Sturtevant, present as a visitor, referring es-
pecially to the mutations observed in legs of Drosophila, Dr. Lutz to the so-
called " sex combs," and Dr. Bequaert to the paucity of interesting adapta-
tions in legs of Diptera as compared with those of Hymenoptera, excepting
always the pulvillus on the foot of the fly, of which he spoke at some length.

Lt. Chamberlin described the conditions under which his work in the
Air Service had been performed in France and of his few opportunities for
collecting there and in Italy.

Meeting of March 4.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., in the American Museum of Natural History on March 4, 1919,
President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with 19 members present.

Mr. Davis presented $100.00 to the Society, which at his suggestion was
on motion of Mr. Sherman added to the Permanent Fund.

The donation was greeted by applause and a formal vote of thanks to
Mr. Davis.

Mr. Leng announced the death on March 2, in his eightieth year, of
Edward Doubleday Harris, Vice-President of the Society, and moved that a
minute be hereby entered expressing the regret of the Society and that a
suitable obituary notice be printed in the Journal,— carried.

Mr. Davis showed a male and female cicada, Tibicen bermudina Verrill,
from the Bermuda Islands and our native Tibicen lyricen DeGeer. These two
species closely resemble each other, though distinct, and bermudina is prob-

June-Sept., 1919.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 243

ably the result of a stray lyricen having reached the Island at some remote
period. He further stated that in Tibicen biconica we had a species found in
Cuba, the Bahama Islands and southern Florida. He also showed a male
cotype of Okanagana arctostaphylce Van D., a male and female Okanagana
rubrovenosa and a pair of Okanagana mariposa from Lake Co., California, col-
lected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. But two specimens of this last species had
heretofore been examined, both from Mariposa Co., Calif.

Mr. Davis also exhibited Stagmomantis floridanis and called attention to
errors in the title printed beneath the plate figures in the Brooklyn Bulletin.

Mr. Notman read a paper, " Records and New Species of Carabidae,"
which will be printed in the Journal.

Mr. Gaudin exhibited a large number of insects that he had collected in
California in 1918. He read an account from the Greensboro Daily News of
his experiences in North Carolina on his journey westward which is printed in
Miscellaneous Notes. Among the many interesting insects shown were two
specimens of Ulochcctes leoninus found on a pine in California, beneath the
bark of which were the fragments of many more, and a small Monarch butter-
fly, captured locally, spreading only 68 mm.

Dr. Felt spoke briefly in regard to the European corn borer, Pyrausta
nubilalis Hubn., calling attention to its discovery in this State the very last of
January of this year with a restriction to an area of approximately 400 square
miles. He mentioned the rearing of the insect in Massachusetts in 1916, its
identification in 19 17, and described the very serious injuries caused in 19 18,
giving special attention to the national phases and emphasizing the desira-
bility of exterminating the pest if possible before it gets beyond control. He
also called attention to the great difficulty of distinguishing between the larva
of this pest and those of certain native stalk-boring Pyraustids.

Mr. Mutchler exhibited two drawers of Arizona beetles donated to the
American Museum of Natural History by Mr. Davis. These were part of
those collected some years ago by Dr. R. E. Kunze and sent by him to the late
Charles Palm ; they later passed into the keeping of Louis H. Joutel, who sold
them for Dr. Kunze to Mr. Davis unmounted. Many of them have since
been mounted and labelled by Mr. Shoemaker and are thus finally becoming
available for study.

Mr. Mutchler also exhibited Euryscelis snturalis, found by Mr. Davis,
April 10, 1 9 12, at Everglade, Florida, and remarked upon its established West
Indian distribution, including Andros Island, Bahamas (W. M. Mann), and the
certainty that the New York record was based upon a specimen accidentally
introduced in timber.

Meeting of March 18.

' A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M.. on March 18, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History.
Mr. W'm. T. Davis, chairman pro tern., with sixteen members and three visitors
present.

244 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo1- xxvii.

Mr. John D. Sherman, Jr., was elected Vice-President in place of Mr.
Edw. D. Harris, deceased.

Mr. Sherman exhibited and commented on " Some Unusual Entomological
Pamphlets " including an early copy of the Oologist, an early paper by Theo-
dore Roosevelt, circulars (old series) of Dept. of Agriculture, 1884 to 1886,
the Entomologists' Exchange of 1879, Belfrage price list from Psyche Adver-
tiser, Lists published in 1873 by Dimmock, Sherman's lists of 1899 and earlier;
Howard's S. C. List of 1883; Dr. Horn's Reply to C. V. Riley; Jaeger's 1853
List of N. Am. Insects; Panzer's reprint dated 1790 of Isaac Uddman's Novae
Ins. Sp. first printed in 1753, one of Thunberg's Diss. Novas. Ins. Sp. dated
1781 ; Provancher's Additions and Corrections 1877— 1879, the Willoughby So-
ciety's reprint of John R. Forster's first descriptions in 1 77 1 and Townend
Glover's cotton insects of which only 60 copies were printed. In reference to
Leconte and Casey, Mr. Sherman said that of some of the papers by each
author, no extras were ever printed, e.g., Leconte's Nomenclature, Vancouver
and Lake Superior papers and Casey's papers in Ent. News and Can. Ent.,
making them hard to obtain.

In the discussion that followed Mr. Davis said that Jaeger's book was
perhaps responsible for the statement, since often repeated, that some species
of Cicada spent only two years underground, which he believed to be erroneous.
Mr. Davis also mentioned that according to Dr. Schwarz the plates used in
Glover's works were still in existence stored away in the Smithsonian Institute.

Mr. Leng exhibited for Mr. Bell specimens of Sphenophorus pertinax,
with the basal part of the cattails in which they were found, cut open to
show the chambers excavated by the larva; and read a letter from Mr. Bell
giving further details. It was especially interesting to note that while the
larvae of the noctuid Sphida obliqua were also found in the cattail stalks it
was always in a different part thereof. The excavation of these stalks by
Sphenophorus pertinax larvae has already been noticed in Bull. No. 79, Univ.
111. Agl. Exp. Sta., 1902, p. 452.

Mr. Leng also read a paper on the " Sequence of Coleopterous Families "
which will be printed elsewhere.

Dr. Harry H. Knight, present as a visitor, spoke of the Cornell Trans-
continental Auto. Exp. and described especially their experiences in light
collecting in the Arizona desert. A pyramid about three feet square at base
and four feet high, made of cheese cloth, was used with a Prestolite tank and
acetylene burner to supply light, the burner being inside the pyramid. The
light was conspicuous a mile away and attracted great quantities of insects
of all orders. Beetles were so numerous that it was necessary to remove them
to have room for other orders on the cloth.

Dr. Lutz spoke of the advantages of the A tent he had used in Arizona,
especially in its greater surface and portability.

Mr. Davis exhibited a living specimen of Calosoma scrutator found
hibernating on Staten Island about an inch below the ground surface by a
Mr. Franklin; also specimens taken in the Catskill Mountains of Necrophihts

June-Sept., 1919.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 245

pettiti, three specimens of Cychrus, Brathinus nitidus, Cicindela ancocisconensis
and other Coleoptera, commenting upon the beetles collected there at sugar
and in traps.

Mr. Notman said that he also had found Cychrus in traps in the Adiron-
dacks, the species being brevoorti, at an elevation of 3,000 feet.

Mr. Mutchler exhibited, for Mr. Weiss, the larva of the European corn-
borer, Pyrausta nubilalis, and a pkoto of the placard issued in reference thereto
by the Agricultural Department.

Mr. Burns exhibited Platychirus entangled in red top grass (Agrostis
alba) found by him at Watchogue, Staten Island, July 28.

Meeting of April i.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., April 1, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History, with
the Vice-President John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, and 26 members and
three visitors present.

Dr. Bequaert, for the Field Committee, reported postponement of April
6 excursion to Flushing, until April 20, on account of late season.

Mr. Schaeffer, under the title " Remarks on the Clerid genus Aulicus
Spin.," exhibited his collection and said that the single species in the Henshaw
Check List, viz. : A. nero Spinola was described from Mexico and probably
did not occur in the United States. Another Mexican species, A. monticola,
has been taken in Alpine, Texas, by Prof. Wickham. A. femoralis, from
Nogales, Ariz., since described, as well as several other undescribed species,
have been confused with nero. As in Cicindela, there is much variation in the
maculation which probably caused Dr. Horn, and others, to refer the different
forms to A. nero. Specimens from New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Nevada and
Mexico had been obtained from various sources and none agreed with the
description of nero. Mr. Schaeffer described the differences he had noted in
the antennal club, which should be abruptly clubbed to agree with generic
characters of Aulicus, but is in a few species actually dilated from the sixth
or seventh joint; and in the claws which should be simple, but are more or
less toothed in certain males, so that it became difficult to decide whether they
should all be referred to Aulicus or new genera erected on characters pos-
sessed by the males only. Mr. Schaeffer reserved decision pending examina-
tion of more specimens.

Mr. Davis read " Collecting Notes from Gardiner's Island " and exhibited
five boxes of specimens, many photographs, maps, etc., to illustrate his account
of the locality. This island lies east of Long Island, N. Y., is about 5X3
miles, and contains two very old forests, a large pond, beaches, sand dunes,
marsh, all preserved from desecration by thirteen generations of continuous
ownership in one family. The following interesting insects were observed;
39 species of Orthoptera, among them Amblycorypha floriclana carinata R. &
H., which has never before been reported from the State of New York;

246 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

Pseudopomala brachyptera was also collected. The tiger beetles seen were
Cicindela hirticollis, purpurea, repanda, marginata, punctulata, sexguttata and
tranquebarica; other beetles included Sphccridium scarabceoides, Helluomorpha
bicolor, Nematodes penetrans ; butterflies and Polistes were rather scarce, but
twenty-seven species of trees were listed.

Dr. J. Bequaert exhibited about 150 species of Hymenoptera and 50
species of Diptera collected on Gardiner's Island during his stay with Mr.
Davis from August 17 :o August 23 of last year. Mr. Davis's collecting of
191 1 included several additional forms. A specimen of Zethus spinipes Say
was taken by Mr. Davis on a previous visit to the Island. Other interesting
species were among the Hymenoptera : Methoca stygia Say, Philanthus politus
Say, Psen chalcifrons Packard, Crabro provancheri Fox, Trypoxylon politum
Say, T. tridentatum Packard, Nysson plagiatus Cresson ; Epeolus lectoides
Robertson, E.vernonia Cockerell, Bombus separatus Cresson, B.pennsylvanicus
De Geer, B. impatiens, Cresson, B. vagans Smith ; Vespa maculata Fabricius,
V. communis de Saussure. Among the Diptera: Spogostylum simson Fabricius,
5". paper Loew, Anthrax tegminipennis Say, A. lateralis Say, Exoprosopa fasci-
pennis Say; Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, Chrysops flavidus Wiedemann,
C. vittatus Wiedemann, C. callidus Osten Sacken.

Meeting of April 16.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., in the American Museum of Natural History, April 15, 1919, Mr.
Harry G. Barber in the chair, with 15 members and four visitors present.

Lt. W. J. Chamberlin, under the title " Collecting in the Blue Mountains
of Oregon," gave an account of his work in 19 14 in four different regions in
Oregon, especially referring to forest insects, Buprestidse, Cerambycidae and
Scolytidse. First eight days were spent in the Florence region in Siuslaw Nat.
Forest on the Pacific coast to determine the extent of damage done by the
fire of 1866, which as far as insects were concerned, was found not to exceed
15 per cent, over ordinary mill loss, being chiefly done by Cerambycidae
working in the sapwood. Little incidental collecting could be done on account
of heavy rain, but one new Scolytid was found. The rainfall averages 80
inches in this region, which is very rough country, broken by many ranges of
the Coast Mountains, but of only 500 feet elevation and mild temperature,
snow being almost unknown. Douglas fir is the typical tree, though Western
Hemlock is quite common on the lower slopes and heavy underbrush is
characteristic.

Next six weeks were spent in the Sumpter region, in the Blue Mountains
of eastern Oregon, in the Whitman Nat. Forest. The altitudes range from
4,500 to 7,000 feet, rainfall is only 25 inches, but 6 feet of snow in winter and
hard frost as late as June to indicate the greater severity of the climate.
There is a large variety of trees with Lodgepole Pine predominant and insects
are abundant, doing little damage to healthy trees, because there is plenty of
dead timber, due to wind, etc., in which they work.

June-Sept., 1919.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 247

Dendroctonus monticola. valens, Ips emarginatus, Tetropiuni velutinum,
were among the most important species.

Ten days were next spent in the Sparta region, also in the Blue Moun-
tains, but nearer the eastern border of Oregon and in Minan National Forest.
The country there is more open, with mountain parks and meadows. The
Yellow Pine is predominant, but the meadow flowers attract many pollen feed-
ers and make interesting collecting.

It was here that Buprestis connexa was found on yellow pine logs and
Melasis rufipennis in a Grand Fir overthrown by the wind, from weakness
caused by its attacks, which had penetrated to the center of its 18-inch trunk.

The fourth region visited was Detroit, in Marion County, and in the
Cascade Mountains, mostly in the Santiam National Forest. The number of
tree species found was greater than elsewhere. Douglas fir was again domi-
nant, but Alaska and other cedars are not uncommon ; pines, hemlocks, firs,
juniper and yew also occur. The Cerambycid Atitnia dorsahs was found in
abundance on Alaska cedar, August 20, Criocephalus productus on Noble Fir.
and many Buprestids and Scolytids. including new species since described by
Swaine. Van Dyke and Lt. Chamberlin.

In reply to Mr. Dickerson, Lt. Chamberlin described the outfit he carried
during his three months' exploration of these forests and explained that his
collecting was done with his fingers and his axe.

Mr. Bird read a review of " Insects Injurious to Hop in New York "
(Memoir No. 15, Cornell Univ. Agl. Exp. Sta.), which will be printed in full.

Mr. Bird also presented a Cuterebra fly, taken at Rye. N. Y., to the Local
Collection.

Mr. Shoemaker recorded the capture of the Coccinellid Adalia humeralis
Say on April 13, 1919, on a rosebush at 6916 17th Ave.. Brooklyn, exhibiting
a colored drawing thereof. In addition to the usual humeral and subsutural
red spots, this specimen has the apex of each elytron red.

Mr. Burns exhibited the powder post beetle Lyctus pianicollis, working in
ash and called attention to the exceeding softness of the powder, which he said
was used in some European countries for toilet purposes.

Mr. Davis exhibited the Proc. Ent. Soc. Br. Col., a new periodical.

Meeting of May 6.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M.. May 6, 1919. in the American Museum of Natural History. Mr.
Harry G. Barber in the chair, with 13 members and two visitors present.

Dr. Bequaert, for the Field Committee, reported on the excursion to
Flushing. L. I., on April 20 ; and on one for Decoration Day to Great Piece
Meadow, N. T.

Dr. A. H. Sturtevant, of Columbia University, was proposed for member-
ship by Mr. Mutchler, and. the by-laws having been suspended for the purpose,
was immediately elected.

Mr. Notman exhibited 301 species " Coleoptera collected at Schoharie.

248 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol xxvii.

N. Y.," of which nine were undescribed or heretofore unrecorded from Amer-
ica, as well as many insects of other orders.

Mr. Mutchler spoke of " Genitalia of Polyphylla," exhibiting more than 50
dissected specimens and drawings of their genitalia by Mr. Olsen. He said
the work started with an effort to identify the numerous specimens collected
in Arizona and California by Dr. Lutz and Dr. Bequaert and with hopes that
differences in genitalia would support the rather feeble superficial characters
by which the species described since Leconte's time are differentiated. Thus
far the result was not favorable to the retention of many names.

Mr. Burns exhibited Tropea luna var. rubromarginata Davis caught at
Arrochar, Staten Island, May 2, 1919.

Mr. Davis said that Papilio turnus was seen near Oakwood, Staten Island,
on April 22, 1919, while in company with Mr. Edw. J. Burns. The first record
of 1918 was April 24, Palisade, N. J., mentioned in the minutes, XXVI, p. 232.

Mr. Gaudin said that he had seen a specimen even earlier; on April 19.

Mr. Davis exhibited Pselliopis barberi, a hemipteron of which Dr. H. H.
Knight had taken 76 at Springfield, Mo., on trunks of sycamore, and an allied
species, pointing out the differences and early date of appearance and mating.

Mr. Davis also exhibited Orthoptera from Philippine Islands, received
through the kindness of Professor Funkhouser.

THE

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Organized June 29, 1892. — Incorporated June 7, 1893.

The meetings of the Society are held on the first and third Tuesday of each month
(except June, July, August and September) at 8 p. M., in the American Museum of
Natural History, 77th Street and Eighth Ave.

Annual dues for Active Members, £3.00.

Members of the Society will please remit their annual dues, payable in January, to
the treasurer.

Officers for the Year 19 19.

President, L. B. WOODRUFF 14 East 68th Street, New York.

Vice-President, JOHN D. SHERMAN, Jr Mount Vernon, N. Y.

Secretary, CHAS. W. LENG 33 Murray St., New York.

Treasurer, WM. T. DAVIS . 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton,

Staten Island, N. Y.

Librarian, FRANK E. WATSON American Museum of Natural History,

New York.

Curator, A J. MUTCHLER. . . American Museum of Natural History, New York.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

R P. Dow, Geo. P. Engelhardt, H. B. Weiss.

E. Shoemaker. H. Notman.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

F. E. Lutz, W. P. Comstock, John D. Sherman, Jr.,

Chas. Schaeffer.

auditing committee.

G. W. J. Angell, H. B. Wiegmann, H. Notman

FIELD COMMITTEE.
A. S. NlCOLAY, Jos. Bequaert.

DELEGATE TO THE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

William T. Davis.

JOURNAL

OF THE

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Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal
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Librarian, Frank E. Watson, American Museum of Natural History,
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ance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts payable to
NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25
separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger num-
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notice is sent to the Publication Committee before the page proof has
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4(? for each reprint of a 1 to 4 pp. article.

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it

(t

Se

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100

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tt

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a

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13*

< 1

it

140

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One cent additional for each half-tone print. Covers on same paper
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for each additional cover.

Vol. XXVII.

No. 4.

JOURNAL

OF THE

NEW YORK

Entomological Society.

H>ex>oteo to Entomology in (Benecal.

DECEMBER, 1919. ( APR 2 3 ig2(

Edited by CHARLES SCHAEFFER

Ptiblication Committee
V. E Lutz.

W. I'. COMSTOCK.

Jal MuePv

John D. Sherman, Jr.
Charles Schaefper

F^ublistied Quarterly by the Society.
LANCASTER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.

1919.

[Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter under Act ol Congress of July 16, 1894.]

THE NEW ERA PRINT

\

CONTENTS

A Review of Our Local Species of the Membracid Genus Ophiderma Fairm.

By Lewis B. Woodruff 249

Some Records of Polyctendidae. By G. F. Ferris 261

An Aquatic Dipterous Parasite, Ginglymyia acrirostris Towns, and Additional

Notes on its Lepidopterous Host, Elaphila fulicalis. By J. T. Lloyd 263

Another New Species of Sarcophaga from Niagara Falls. By R. R. Parker 265

New Neotropical Membracid? . By W. D. Funkhouser 267

New Gall Midges or Itoni^idae from the Adirondacks. By E. P. Felt. . 277

Notes and New Species of Bembidium. By Howard Notman 292

The Bees of Peaceful Valley, Colorado. By T. D. A. Cockerell .... 298

A New Nemestrinid Fly from Central Texas. By J. Bequaert 301

Synonymical and Other Notes on Some Species of the Family Chrysomelidae

and Descriptions of New Species. By Chas. Schaeffer ... 307

A New Cicada of the Genus Melampsalta. By Wm. T. Davis 340

Miscellaneous Notes . . 342

Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 344

JOURNAL

jOrfa ]9orh dinfomologiral Horipfg.

Vol. XXVII. December, 1919. No. 4.

A REVIEW OF OUR LOCAL SPECIES OF THE

MEMBRACID GENUS OPHIDERMA FAIRM.

(HEMIP.-HOMOP.).

By Lewis B. Woodruff,
New York, X. Y.

Notwithstanding the study which has been given to the Mem-
bracids, a study favored in large part by the attraction and interest
which is aroused by the grotesque forms of so many of its members
— bizarre is the descriptive term commonly and appropriately applied
to them — much confusion persists in respect to the generic and spe-
cific limitations of its components. Species have been transferred
back and forth from one genus to another., new genera erected, only
to be reduced, and many descriptions and figures published which,
because of insufficient detail and faulty delineation, or quite possibly
through lack of rediscovery, have thus far eluded identification. One
of the occasions for this confusion lies in the fact that often great
variability prevails within the limits of a single species both as to
color and form, giving rise to the description and naming of many
reputed species which on further study, and accumulation of greater
material, have to be sunk into synonymy. Quite possibly, too, hy-
bridization may be common, with resulting varieties which must add
to the perplexities confronting the taxonomist. For these reasons
among others such papers dealing with the subject as have been pub-

249

250 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

lished have, for the most part, been put forth tentatively as " prelimi-
nary " studies, or under similar designations.

In habit the several species are generally more or less gregarious;
and while many undoubted species seem to have a wide distribution
across the continent, others appear to be extremely local in their
habitat. Besides it is believed that the individuals of a colony,
although good fliers, seldom stray far from their particular host
plant; so that such a colony of a single species persisting through
many generations might easily give rise to a local race which, while
its individuals may readily be separated from the typical form by
some recognizable feature, still presents no structural or other char-
acter which would warrant specific separation. Such a race, for in-
stance, appears to be found in Atymna qaerci Fitch, where in a com-
paratively long series taken by me in Orange County, N. Y., the black
of the typical male of that species is replaced by a reddish pink.
Similar instances of racial forms will be called to mind in the other
orders of insects. But where insects taken in the same general local-
ity and environment, but from different food plants, present differing
characters which, however slight, are constant with respect to their
particular host, the recognition of such differences as entitling their
possessors to be regarded as specifically distinct seems to be war-
ranted.

The foregoing considerations find their application in Ophidcrma
Fairmaire, an exclusively North American genus of comparatively
few species, yet presenting the confusion so prevalent in the family.
Excluding Ophiderma mus Champion, a Central American species
whose proper assignation to this genus has met with question, there
remain seven species which are listed in VanDuzee's Check List of
Hemiptera ; and since its publication two others have been described,
making a total of nine for the genus, of which six are from the east-
ern United States. Of these six one may prove to be the male of
another, thus cutting our local list to five ; to which, however, two
other well-characterized and hitherto undescribed species should be
added, as well as a form entitled to at least varietal recognition.

The species on which the genus is founded is Ophiderma sala-
mandra Fairmaire, the largest in the genus. Salamandra is found
in the adult stage near New York City from the second week in June
till the second week in August, and in my experience almost exclu-

Dec, 1919.] Woodruff: Review of Genus Ophiderma. 251

sively on Quercus rubra. It is a dull olive and red-brown species,
rather less hairy and with the characteristic color pattern more clearly
defined in the female than is found in that sex in the closely allied
species O. pnbcsccns Emmons, with which it is often confounded.
The latter is commonly taken in this neighborhood during the same
period as the former, but usually on Quercus velutina. The obscure,
often obsolete, color pattern of the females, the denser pubescence,
and much smaller size, readily distinguish pubesccns from salamandra.
The males of both species differ from the females in being slightly
smaller, darker, more shining, and more distinctly arcuated with a
pale vitta from the humerus back to the mid-lateral margin of the
pronotum. These two species offer no real difficulties, although it is
significant of the variability of the color markings that Mr. VanDuzee
refers to salamandra as the duller of the two, whereas in my expe-
rience it is the brighter, at least in the female sex.

In this connection, however, it seems worth noting that in Florida,
and at least as far north as south-central North Carolina, typical
pubcscens is replaced by a form somewhat smaller and more slender
and in which the ground color is light green more or less suffused
with pinkish, instead of the usual sordid dull olive brown, and the
space between the mid-dorsal and apical vittae is a bright pinkish red.
This form I would designate as 0. pubcscens var. australis,. n. var.,
with type female and allotype male from Southern Pines, N. C, taken
in May (A. H. Manee), the former in collection of Chris E. Olsen of
this city, the latter in my own. Paratypes are in the above collections
and in that of Mrs. Slosson, those of the latter having been taken at
Jacksonville, Fla.

The next species to be considered is O. flaviguttula Goding. In
most collections to which I have had access I find it unrecognized.
Nor is it treated in the literature other than by way of listing since
Dr. Goding described it in 1894; with one notable exception. In a
paper published in the December, 1917, number of this Journal enti-
tled " The Genus Ophiderma Fairm." by Gibson and Wells, the species
is included in a key, and in the same paper is again referred to in a
descriptive and distributional note. Dr. Goding's description was
based on a single female taken in Illinois; and in view of the unavail-
ability of his collection containing his types, and the fact that the
description closely corresponds to many specimens of pubesccns, com-

252 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

bined with the apparent absence of other specimens in collectors'
cabinets separable from known species and recognizable under that
description, the suspicion has prevailed that flaviguttula might have
to be regarded as a synonym. An inspection of the material in the
National Museum at Washington on which Gibson and Wells' paper
was based, discloses a considerable number of specimens placed over
the name label O. flaviguttula Goding, three of which, all females,
appear to be substantially identical, and to agree very closely with
Goding's description of that species. One, shown by the Museum
records to have been taken in Central Missouri by Riley and bearing
locality label " C. Mo.," bears a pin label in what is believed to be
Dr. Ashmead's handwriting designating it as O. flaviguttula God'g.,
and on the lower left-hand margin appears the abbreviation " Godg
detn," which would seem to be interpretable as " Goding's determi-
nation." The other two bear locality labels " Md. R. R. Uhler Col-
lection," and " Mass." respectively. In my own collection there is a
specimen, also a female, which appears to be identical in species with
them, taken by me at Bronxville, N. Y., July 4, 191 1. There is no
other described Ophiderma to which they can be assigned; and the
above script makes it fairly certain that this species should be recog-
nized under Dr. Goding's designation, and that the name should not
be sunk into synonymy as has been suggested.

For the convenience of students to whom the original description
(published in Vol. Ill of Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History) may be inaccessible, I herewith transcribe it, as well as a
characterization of my Bronxville specimen above referred to:

" 0. flaviguttula n. sp.

" Female. — Head triangular, yellowish ; eyes prominent, dark brown ; ocelli
equidistant from each other and the eyes, red ; convex, densely pubescent.
Prothorax with very slight median carina, densely pubescent, an irregular yel-
low patch starting at lateral border and extending upwards and forwards,
midway between base and apex ; an irregular band at base, concolorous with
head, extending along sides in a greenish gray line ; otherwise dirty brown,
lightly punctured ; apex of posterior process not reaching apex of tegmina.
Tegmina sub-coriaceous at base, lightly punctured, basal half and apex brown.
Below yellow, feet and legs brown. Length 6.2 mm.

" Described from one specimen from Illinois (Stromberg). Type in au-
thor's collection."

Dec, 1919.] Woodruff: Review of Genus Ophiderma. 253

0. flaviguttula Godg.

Female. — Very slender; not coarsely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Face
yellow, punctures dark ; clypeus rounded, extending below marginal line of
cheeks ; clypeal sutures, inner margins of eyes, ocelli, spots at base of vertex
over ocelli, and callosities of pronotum, red. Median carina of pronotum black,
interrupted by mid-dorsal white spot. Pronotum not reaching apex of elytra,
testaceous, pattern obscurely indicated. Obsolete parallel reddish bands ex-
tending from pronotal callosities straight back over humeri. White vittae ris-
ing from mid-lateral pronotal margin to junction with mid-dorsal transverse
white spot, narrowly bordered posteriorly with dark reddish ; apical fourth with
obsolete sub-apical transverse white vitta bordered obscurely with blackish.
Dark border of pronotal mid-lateral white vitta continued in band across
elytron, broadly whitish before it ; base and apex of elytra dark, otherwise
hyaline. Beneath pale; femora above, tibiae in front, black. Length slA mm.

Described from specimen in author's collection, taken by him at Bronx-
ville, Westchester County, N. Y., July 4, 191 1, on hickory.

It will be noted that aside from differences in color or shade the
above two descriptions present two other conspicuously inconsistent
characters, i.e., Dr. Goding describes his specimen as densely pubes-
cent (thereby suggesting pubescens) instead of sparsely pubescent;
and, although describing the elytra, makes no reference to the mid-
elytral dark band, so notable in the Bronxville specimen. However,
both in respect to degree of pubescence and the presence of the
elytral band, an actual comparison of the latter specimen with that
in the National Museum supposed to have been determined by Dr.
Goding as his flaviguttula discloses no appreciable difference between
them.

In addition to the above four specimens a comparatively large
series has been studied by me which by reason of depth of color and
sharp definition of pattern I have been disposed to regard as consti-
tuting still another species. These range from bright red to black
in both sexes. Those in my collection I had provisionally designated
as 0. definita n. sp. But in view of their gradation in coloring toward
the specimen in the National Museum bearing the record of Dr.
Goding's determination above referred to (though none is quite so
pale and obscurely patterned), their similarity in size, and apparent
lack of other structural differential character, I hesitate to give them
separate specific rank, and for the present would associate them as
variety definita with what is here regarded as typical flaviguttula

254 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

Godg. This series, with representatives from Texas and Florida to
New England and Canada, comprises both sexes ; and, if properly as-
signed to that species, furnishes us with examples of the male, hitherto
undescribed and unrecognized. That sex is slightly smaller than the
female, and has the mid-lateral pale band broader and notably arcuate
over the humeri after the usual male pattern in the genus. The
presence throughout the series of the mid-elytral dark band is a con-
stant character, though subject to some variability in definition. In
this locality Quercus rubra is the favored host plant of this form.
Type female, July 19, 1914, and allotype male, June 14, 1914, taken by
me at Bronxville, N. Y., in author's collection. Paratypes in collec-
tions of U. S. Nat. Mus., Win. T. Davis, E. P. VanDuzee and Mrs.
Slosson.

There remains what seems to be another undescribed species,
closely related to the above, represented in my collection by a series
of twenty-seven specimens, all females, taken by me during the past
two years. While loth on general principles to found a species on
material presenting but one sex, the general facies of these specimens
is so distinct from any heretofore described, in both color tone and
structural outline, that I feel justified in offering the following spe-
cific designation based upon them. None of the several collections
to which I have had access has revealed a specimen which can be
allocated with them. It is hoped that further and earlier collecting
in the type locality may discover the male sex, which I suspect appears
early in the season and after mating survives but a short time.

Ophiderma grisea new species.

Female. — Type: Rather slender, slightly larger, broader across humeri and
more hairy than flaviguttula Godg. or its varietal form definita (supra). Pro-
notum long, attaining apex of terminal areole, apex in lateral aspect sharply
acute. Dorsal line in lateral aspect slightly elevated just back of humeri,
succeeded posteriorly by a distinct sinus at mid-dorsal white spot ; posteriorly
gently arcuate to tip. (In series dorsal line tends to be straight.)

Face dull yellowish drab, clypeal sutures, dots on vertex above ocelli and
pronotal callosities, black : ocelli red. Pronotum gray, with buffy admixture on
anterior half, obsoletely banded arcuately over humeri with broad whitish
vittse. At mid-lateral pronotal margins broad white vittae ascend to a junction
with white spot at mid-dorsal line, bordered anteriorly (obscurely) and pos-
teriorly (sharply and broadly) with blackish brown, which is continued across
elytra, and becomes grayish toward pronotal apex ; sub-apical transverse vitta

Dec, 1919.] Woodruff: Review of Genus Ophiderma. 255

faintly indicated. Elytra whitish before the transverse black band, hyaline
behind it, apex with small sharply denned black cloud (larger than in flavi-
guttula) covering apical areole and apical half of cell above it. Body beneath
pale; legs pale, femora above and tibiae anteriorly black. Length 6 mm.

Type in my collection. Taken by me at Litchfield, Conn., July 19,
1918, on Quercus coccinea. A series of twenty-six other specimens,
all females, taken at the same place between July 8 and August 1 1,
mostly on same species of oak, but a few on neighboring Quercus
rubra. Paratypes will be placed in the National Museum at Wash-
ington and in the American Museum of Natural History at New York
City.

This species is close to flaviguttula Godg., belonging to the group
with banded elytra, but differs conspicuously in its more robust struc-
ture, greater average length, more slender and sharper pronotal apex,
and in particular in the blue-gray shades lacking reddish admixture,
the insect being markedly gray, black and white instead of brownish.

O. flavicephala Godg. is a pretty little red-brown species which is
easily recognizable by the broad cream-colored marginal or submar-
ginal vitta, and the extremely dense and long pubescence of the entire
pronotum. Confusion is not apt to be encountered here, although in
some instances I have found males of two other species associated
with it in collections.

Coming now to O. flava Godg., we seem to have two definitely
distinguishable species standing together in our cabinets, and all
females. One of these is undoubtedly new, but before describing it,
it becomes necessary to determine to which of the two Dr. Goding's
description properly applies. Unfortunately the '"types" of his spe-
cies are not now available, which requires us to rely wholly upon the
description itself, and here we meet with our first difficulty. The
insect is described as yellow, or in a fresh specimen, green. The fe-
males of the two species now under examination are both green !
Next, flava is said to be similar in stature to salamandra, " but much
broader between lateral angles.'' Neither of our green species is
broader, and at first blush we are in trouble; but an examination of
Dr. Goding's paper shows that he confused salamandra and pubescens,
regarding Emmons' name as a synonym of the former, — and one of
our green species does agree with that characterization as applied to

256 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvii.

pubesccns, while the other does not. Then he states that the apex
of the head is " strongly recurved." By this reference is doubtless
made to the clypeus, which again agrees with but one of our green
species. From the foregoing it would seem possible to determine to
which of our very similar green female Ophidermas the name flava
Godg. is applicable.

But still another difficulty is encountered, and that has to do with
the male of this species. Female specimens seem to be present in
almost all the collections to which I have succeeded in gaining access,
but in none of them, nor of those with whose owners or custodians
I have consulted, is a male specimen of Ophiderma assigned to flava.
Dr. Goding in his original description of the species stated that it
was based on " one male received from Mr. Westcott and one female
from Dr. Riley," thus indicating that he found no difference between
them other than in the genital organs ; and all subsequent papers on
the genus have perpetuated this inference. But as my collecting had
likewise failed to discover a green male, and as in a closely allied
species of which I had taken several examples of both sexes in asso-
ciation and at least two pairs in copula, a species I purpose to de-
scribe in this paper, the male is dissimilar in color from the female,
which on its part corresponds in color and fairly well in other respects
with that covered by Dr. Goding's description in question, I was led
to write him asking that he again examine his " types " with respect
to their sex. After very considerable delay I am now in receipt of
a letter from him from Ecuador, in which he writes : " Westcott's
example female, error due to mounting on a card which more or less
covered genital organs." That confirms my suspicion that the male
of flava has not yet been recognized. May it not be that in reliance
upon the published description of the male and female as alike, our
students and collectors, while finding the female of flava and cor-
rectly assigning it to that species, have failed to recognize a totally
differently colored insect of the opposite sex as being of the same
species ? In my own collection I have long had a male Ophiderma,
which did not accord with any published description, pinned above
my rows of flava females. It was so placed because I more than sus-
pected that the male flava was not green, because in size and struc-
ture it exhibited characters that would be looked for in the male of
such an Ophiderma as is the female flava, because in color pattern

Dec, 1919.] Woodruff: Review of Genus Ophiderma. 257

and markings it followed lines similar to those of the males of the
allied species above referred to and hereinafter described, and be-
cause I had taken it from the same tree (presumably its food plant)
from which I had taken females of what I believe to be the true flava.
Other examples of such males have been noted in other collections,
either unassigned or manifestly placed erroneously, though never
under flava. Since this paper was first drafted there has appeared
the review of the genus by Gibson and Wells above referred to, in
the course of which the species O. fraterna is described as new,
based upon three male specimens in the National Museum collection.
No female which might plausibly be assigned to fraterna has yet been
discovered so far as I can ascertain. A recent examination of the
type material has confirmed by suspicion that the authors of that
paper had before them what it is here suggested may prove to be the
male of Goding's O. flava. But pending more positive evidence that
it is the male of the latter, it may be advisable to retain for it the
name fraterna Gibson and Wells.

It is now in order to describe the green Ophiderma which has been
confused with the true flava, and which is represented by a consid-
able series of both sexes before me. Inasmuch as the females are
most likely to be confounded with flava, I will select that sex for
the type.

Ophiderma evelyna new species.

Female. — Type: Slender, strongly hairy pubescent on face and pronotum.
Face little broader than long; clypeus rounded, but little surpassing line of
cheeks, the latter scarcely if at all sinuate. Pronotum long and slender apically.
Elytral hook slender, distinctly upturned at apex. Face and pronotum wholly
light green, the face paler. Elytra slightly infuscated at base and apex, nerv-
ures pale. Abdomen yellowish green above and beneath. Legs wholly yellow-
ish green, claws dark brown. Length 6 mm.

Male. — Allotype: Smaller than female, slender; pubescence and structure
as in that sex. Face yellowish green, immaculate ; two minute dots at base of
vertex above ocelli. Pronotum comparatively short, not extending more than
half way between end of abdomen and apex of elytra; pronotal apex rather
broad ; color light reddish brown, darker posteriorly, anteriorly strongly washed
with yellowish green, concolorous with face, callosities black ; a broad arcuate
vitta from humeral angle to mid-lateral margin, a mid-dorsal spot, and a sub-
apical broad transverse vitta, yellow. Elytra hyaline, nervures brown, dark
smoky at basal third, broadly so at apex. Abdomen black above, margins of

258 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

segments yellow ; beneath, including legs, yellowish green, claws dark brown.
Length sJ4 mm.

Type and allotype in author's collection. Described from a pair
taken by me in copula on Quercus velutina at Bronxville, Westchester
County, N. Y., June 15, 1913. In addition to this pair I have before
me a series of twelve males and fourteen females taken at the same
place and on the same species of oak; also a female taken at Ithaca,
N. Y., and two males, one from DuBois, 111., and the other bearing
the label " L. E. Lea, Agri. Col. Miss." These three become para-
types, and are returned to the collection of Mr. W. D. Funkhouser,
who kindly lent them to me. Paratypes will also be placed in the
collections of the National Museum, and of the American Museum of
Natural History in New York.

This species averages distinctly smaller than flava, the females
ranging from 6-6l/2 mm., and the males from 5^-6 mm.; and in the
female it is wholly pale green, whereas flava is apt to be more or less
suffused with rosy, particularly on the apical half of the pronotum
and beneath. The form of the hook at the base of the elytra in the
specimens examined is much more acute and upturned than in flava,
and, if reliance can be placed on a structure which is subject to such
a degree of variability, may perhaps alone serve to distinguish the
two species. The males, aside from size, are easily separable on color
differences from O. fratema Gibson and Wells, and from O. pubes-
cens Emmons, which latter they more nearly resemble in size and
color pattern, though conspicuously paler and less densely hairy. In
my experience flava is almost always found on Quercus rubra, while
evelyna is found on Quercus velutina.

The following key to the several species of the genus as under-
stood by me, including those above described, has been drawn with
those published by Mr. VanDuzee and by Gibson and Wells before
me; to whom, as well as to all who have assisted me with material
and helpful suggestions and advice, and in particular to Messrs. W.
D. Funkhouser and Wm. T. Davis, I would acknowledge my indebted-
ness. It has been my aim in preparing the key to make use of such
characters as are readily apparent, such as color, in spite of its varia-
bility, and to avoid the use of those which the inexpert might find
difficulty in discerning, as for instance the degree of sinuation of
facial outline; and it is believed that by its use the proper specific

Dec, 1919.] Woodruff: Review of Genus Ophiderma. 259

assignment of any specimen of the genus in hand may readily be
determined.

Key to the Species.
A. Terminal areole transverse, scarcely bent on its basal line. Dorsal line
somewhat elevated posteriorly, but not at all compressed, behind with a

slight sinus nigrocinctus VanD.

AA. Terminal areole triangular at base.

B. Color bright green, fading to yellowish.

C. Pronotum short, scarcely surpassing abdomen.

Spots on face and crescents over eyes (pronotal callosities)

bIack pallida VanD.

CC. Pronotum long, extending beyond abdomen half way or more
toward apex of elytra. Face immaculate.
Larger species, 6^/2-7 mm., usually washed with reddish pos-
teriorly; elytral basal hook broad and blunt $ fiava Godg.

Smaller species, 6-614 mm., without reddish wash ; elytral basal

hook more slender, upturned apically $ evelyna n. sp.

BB. Color light green, apical half bright pink. Length 5-6^ mm.

pubescens var. australis n. van
BBB. Color gray, brown or black, marked with lighter.

D. Elytra with dark band across middle.

E. Gray without reddish shades ; vittae white ; mid-elytral band
black. Rather robust across humeri.
Pronotum gray with more or less admixture of pale buff;
between lateral and sub-apical vittae blackish; apex of

pronotum very acute. Length 6 mm $ grisea n. sp.

EE. Testaceous to reddish brown ; vittae cream ; mid-elytral band
dark brown. Slender.
Pronotum pale testaceous ; pattern almost obsolete, except
at mid-lateral pronotal margin. Length $y2 mm.

$ flaviguttula Godg.
Pronotum light reddish brown to dark ferruginous or black;
pattern well defined, though often interrupted by excess
of pigment. Length <? 5-5^ mm., $ 5^-6 mm.

flaviguttula var. definita n. var.
DD. Elytra without dark band across middle. ■

F. Pronotum light brown, darker posteriorly.

Anterior half of pronotum more or less mottled with
yellowish green ; face and legs greenish yellow ; arcuate
lateral and subapical vittae yellow varying to white.

Length 5 y2 mm ^ evelyna n. sp.

FF. Pronotum gray or grayish brown anteriorly, lighter just
beyond middle.

260 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

Apical half of pronotum brown with white subapical

vitta ; hairy, broad, almost reaching apex of elytra in

female. Length 5-5^ mm. .. .compacta Gibs. & Wells.
FFF. Pronotum dark brown, darker anteriorly, to black.
G. Pronotum shining; not mottled.

Reddish brown to black; slender, 6-7 mm., in length;
face, subapical and more or less arcuate lateral
vittae, bright yellow, varying to white ; legs pale,
femora usually black anteriorly.

<$ fraterna Gibs. & Wells.i

Rich brown; very slender, 4^-5^ mm. in length;
broad, straight yellow marginal (5) or sub-marginal
(<^) vitta from eye to just beyond middle, with a
transverse subapical vitta in the male.

flavicephala Godg.

Dark brown; robust, 5-5^ mm. in length; narrower,
strongly arcuate cream-colored vitta from over
humeri to mid-lateral margin. .<£ pubescens Emmons.

Dark brown to black ; much larger and heavier, 7-8
mm. in length; vittas much less strongly defined, at

times almost obsolete J1 salamandra Fairm.

GG. Pronotum dull brown, more or less mottled with pale.

Olivaceous brown, usually mottled, especially anter-
iorly, apically brighter red-brown ; vittse and mid-
dorsal pale spot sub-obsolete or obscured by anterior
mottling. Densely hairy, robust, smaller species,
S^-6H mm. in length $ pubescens Emm.

Dull reddish brown, more or less mottled anteriorly ;
vittse and mid-dorsal pale spot cream, usually
strongly marked. Very hairy, large robust species.
Length 7-8 mm 5 salamandra Fairm.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.

Figures from which plate was made were drawn by Mr. Chris. E. Olsen.
Ophiderma fratern a Gibson & Wells. $. (0. flava Goding. <$. ?)
Ophiderma flava Goding. $.
Ophiderma evelyna Woodruff. $. Allotype.
Ophiderma evelyna Woodruff. 5- Type.
Ophiderma flaviguttula Goding. 5.

Ophiderma flaviguttula Goding var. definita Woodruff. 5- Type.
Ophiderma grisea Woodruff. 5- Type.
Ophiderma flava Goding. Elytral hook.
Ophiderma evelyna Woodruff. Elytral hook.

1 Regarded by the author, on circumstantial evidence, as the male of O.
flava Godg.

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3-

Fig.

4-

Fig.

5-

Fig.

6.

Fig.

7-

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9-

5;

S

3

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rt

u

Dec, i9i9-] Ferris: Some Records of Polyctk.md.v.. 2tU

SOME RECORDS OF POLYCTENID^ (HEMIPTERA).

G. F. Ferris,
Stanford University, California.

Of all the assemblage of wierd parasites that infest bats, the
rarest are the members of the Hemipterous family Polyctenidae.
There are less than a dozen described species (some of these are in
all probability synonyms) and even as late as 1910 an author has
stated that there were at that time less than two dozen recorded
specimens in collections.

Four species have been recorded from the western hemisphere,
one of these being from Jamaica, two from Nicaragua and one from
Brazil. As far as I can learn no species of this group has ever been
recorded from the United States and as a consequence of this none
of our standard textbooks contain any reference to the family. It
is therefore something of a privilege to be able to record the first
specimens from the United States, even though these appear not to
represent an undescribed species. In addition to this I present some
records of certain Old World species that greatly extend their known
ranges.

Hesperoctenes longiceps (Waterhouse) ?

? 1880. Polyctcncs longiceps Waterhouse, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p.
3i9, PL 9-

? 1910. Hesperoctenes longiceps (YYaterh.) Horvath, Mem. I" Cong. In-
ternal D'Ent , Vol. 2, p. 251.

Previous records. — From Molossus abrasus Guatemala.

Material examined. — From Eumops calif ornicus, near San Ber-
nardino, Calif., three adult females, two adult males, two nymphs and
one first stage larva. For these specimens (as well as for other in-
teresting things) I am indebted to Mr. A. B. Howell, of Covina,
Calif.

Notes. — This determination is entirely provisional. I am not able,
on the basis of the literature alone, to indicate any characters by
which my specimens may be separated from H. longiceps. although
it is possible that a direct comparison of specimens might lead to a

262 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvii.

different result the figures and description of longiceps not being as
detailed as might be desired. The differences in host and locality
are not in themselves especially significant. My specimens differ
from H. tarsalis Horvath in their much larger size.

Because of the dubious character of the determination, and even
more because of the paucity of information concerning the Polyctc-
nidce in American publications, I present figures of the species. A
detailed description may well be omitted, but I may note that the
length of the females is 4.5 mm. and of the males 3.8 mm., the two
sexes differing otherwise chiefly in the more slender and pointed
abdomen of the male and in the exserted genitalia of the latter sex.

Eoctenes spasmae (Waterhouse).

1879. Polyctenes spasmce Waterhouse, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 312,

figs. 3-4.
1898. Polyctenes talpa Speiser, Zool. Anzeiger, Vol. 21, p. 614, fig. — .
1904. Polyctenes talpa (Speiser) Speiser, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 7, p. 376,

pi. 20, figs. 3-5.
1906. Eoctenes spasma (Waterh.) Kirkaldy, Can. Ent., Vol. 38, p. 375.
1910. Eoctenes spasma (Waterh.) Horvath, Ann. Mus. Hung., Vol. 8, p.

573.

1910. Syncrotits talpa (Speiser) Horvath, Ibid., p. 573.

191 1. Hemischizus talpa (Speiser) Horvath, Ibid., Vol. 9, p. 336.

1912. Eoctenes spasms (Waterh.) Jordan, Proc. Ent. Soc. London, lxiv.
1912. Eoctenes spasm<e (Waterh.) Jordan, Trans. Internat. Ent. Cong.,

Vol. 2, p. 343.

Previous records. — From Megaderma spasma, Java and Island of
Nias.

Material examined. — From Megaderma carimatcc, Tanjong Kari-
mata Tua, Karimata Islands, one mature male and two nymphs ; from
Cynopterus brachyotis bracliyotis Mankol, Southwest Borneo, one
mature female.

Notes. — My specimens agree entirely with the various descriptions
and figures of this species.

Eoctenes intermedius (Speiser).

1904. Polystenes intermedins Speiser, Zool. Jahrb., Supplement 7, p. 373,
pi. 20, figs. 1—2.

1910. Syncrotus intermedins (Speiser) Horvath, Ann. Mus. Hung., Vol.

8, p. 573-

191 1. Hemischizus intermedins (Speiser) Horvath, Ibid., Vol. 9, p. 573.

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXVII. PL XXIV.

Polyctenidae.

Dec- !9i9-] Lloyd: Gixglymyia acrirostris. 263

Previous records. — From Taphozous perforatus Egypt.

Material examined. — From Taphozous cavaticus, Tarussan Bay,
Sumatra, one adult female.

Notes. — My specimen agrees entirely with the figure given by
Speiser. As far as I can see this species is strictly congeneric with
the preceding.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.

Hesperostenes longiceps (Waterhouse) ? ; A, female, left half dorsal, right
half ventral; B. posterior tarsus: C, anterior tarsus; D, dorsal aspect of sec-
ond antennal segment, distal end upward.

AN AQUATIC DIPTEROUS PARASITE, GINGLYMYIA

ACRIROSTRIS TOWNS., AND ADDITIONAL NOTES

ON ITS LEPIDOPTEROUS HOST, ELOPHILA

FULICALIS.1

By J. T. Lloyd,
Ithaca, X. Y.

Descriptions of the remarkable aquatic immature stages of Elo-
phila fulicalis were published in the Journal of the New York Ento-
mological Society in June, 19 14, but at that time no mention was made
of its Dipterous parasite, Ginglymyia acrirostris, and no attempt was
made to account for the manner of respiration of the gilless lepidop-
terous pupa, deeply submerged in the swift waters of Fall Creek.

Elophila fulicalis.

The larva, fig. 6, as stated in the previous article, lives under a
thin, irregular web of silk, fig. 1, on stones in the swiftest part of
the creek. It is abundantly supplied with gills and its respiration is
strictly aquatic.

At the time for pupation the thin, irregular web of the larva is
cut away, and is replaced by an impenetrable, oval-shaped, roof-like
silk covering, fig. 2, which has a number of semi-circular openings

1 Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of
Entomology in Cornell University.

264 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvil.

at the ends facing up and down stream. Under this covering the life
of the pupa is spent.

In 1914, when the previous article was written, it was not under-
stood how the pupa, with its four tubular spiracles and absence of
gills, could respire beneath the surface of the water. Later experi-
ments, however, show that though the pupa is beneath the surface
of the water, its back at least, on which the spiracles are located,
is surrounded by air.

To determine whether the pupa cases contained air or water,
stones on which they were attached were slid beneath the surface
of the creek to a locality where the water was quiet. Here the
cases were pulled loose from the rocks, and each one was found to
contain a bubble of air, which had collected beneath the roof of the
pupal case in the well aerated water of the riffles.

The necessity for this air explains the death in our breeding cages
of more than fifty pupse in their cases which had been removed from
the rocks, though almost every one that was left on the rocks sur-
vived till maturity.

Ginglymia acrirostris.

Of more than one hundred specimens of Elophila collected in
Fall Creek in August at least fifty per cent, were parasitized by
Ginglymia acrirostris, a Tachinid fly. The infested specimens con-
tained the withered remains of the lepidopterous larvae and the puparia
of the parasite, a single puparium to a larva. The silken pupal cases
of the infested hosts seemed perfectly normal.

In form the puparium, fig. 3, is oval, 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide.
Its color is amber brown. On the dorsal surface it has two con-
spicuous eye-like spiracles connected by a U-like structure which
points away from the head. The U connecting the spiracles repre-
sents respiratory tubes of the last larval instar. It penetrates the
puparium through a single circular opening at its base. Behind the
circular opening where the respiratory tubes penetrate the puparium
there is a small, heavily chitinized circle, whose function is at yet
unknown.

A single larva of Elophila was found in the prepupal instar which
contained the parasite, evidently in the last instar. In this specimen,
fig. 4, the back of the larva on the suture between the fourth and fifth

fourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

Vol. XXV II. PL XXV.

Elophila fulicalis.

Dec, 1919.] Parker: New Species of Sarcophaga. 265

abdominal segments is penetrated by the entire length of the respira-
tory tubes of the parasite. The tubes are white, not heavily chiti-
nized, corresponding in color to the skin of the host; the spiracles
are dark brown. The heavily chitinized circle is not visible, evi-
dently being concealed beneath the skin of the host. The abdominal
segments of the lepidopterous larva occupied by the parasite are con-
siderably swollen, while those beyond the limits of the parasite are
merely empty skin, with but few of the gills remaining. A large
number of alcoholic specimens of Elophila larvae were examined and
dissected, but no trace of the larval parasite could be found.

It is not as yet known how the eggs of the parasite are deposited,
nor, indeed, how those of Elophila, the host, are laid.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.

Fig. 1. Larval sheet of Elophila fulicalis.

Fig. 2. Pupal case of Elophila fulicalis.

Fig. 3. Ginglymyia acrirostris, puparium.

Fig. 4. Elophila fulicalis, parasitized larva showing protruding respira-
tory tubes of dipterous parasite.

Fig. 5. Spiracle of puparium of Ginglymyia acrirostris.

Fig. 6. Elophila fulicalis, larva.

ANOTHER NEW SPECIES OF SARCOPHAGA FROM
NIAGARA FALLS.1

By R. R. Parker,

Bozeman, Mont.

Sarcophaga yorkii new species.

Holotype (male) : Collection of writer.

Paratype (male) : Collection of writer.

Male. — Arista short plumose on proximal half ; one or two bristles in
angle formed by side of vitta and the diverging lower end of each row of
frontal bristles: calypters whitish with tuft of dark hairs at the fold; leg vesti-
ture short; posterior face of posterior femur with lower row of .long bristles;
submesotibial bristle absent; anterior acrostichals absent; inner presuturals

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology of the Montana State
College, Bozeman, Montana.

266 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

present ; four or more pairs of posterior dorsocentrals : vestiture of fourth
ventral plate short and reclinate (not decumbent) ; posterior portion of fourth
notum dull orange, this color extending more forward dorsally ; second ab-
dominal segment without marginals: second genital segment dull orange; in
profile each forceps prong truncated at end and anterior corner pointed and
slightly produced.
Length n min.

Head. — Parafrontals, genae and transverse impression dark, with silvery
tinge when viewed from above. Breadth of front at narrowest part one third
eye width ; cheek height one third that of eye. Front prominent ; at its nar-
rowest part frontal vitta three to four times width of each parafrontal, its
sides not parallel. Second antennal segment dark; third about twice length of
second ; arista short plumose on proximal half. Three rows of black cilia be-
hind eyes, vestiture of lower portion of metacephalon black. Cheek vestiture
black and coarse. Gena with irregularly placed bristles near lower orbit above
transverse impression, elsewhere with short, scattered cilia. Palpi dark.

Chaetotaxy. — Lateral verticals absent; vibrissas inserted very slightly above
line or oral margin ; each row of frontals extends to base of vitta and lower
ends widely divergent with one or two bristles in angles formed by sides of
vitta and diverging ends of the rows.

Thorax. — Mesonotum clothed with long slightly reclinate bristles or bristle-
like hairs. Epaulets black.

Wings. — Bend of fourth vein slightly more than a right angle; anterior
cross-vein more basal than end of first longitudinal ; third vein with bristles,
also with scattered bristles beneath (probably variable) ; anterior basal cross-
vein making a distinct right angle with fourth longitudinal (possibly variable) ;
costal spine vestigial, section III of costa longer than section V ; calypters
whitish with tuft of dark hairs at the fold.

Legs. — Dark, vestiture short. Anterior face of posterior femur with three
rows of bristles, upper and lower rows complete, bristles of intermediate row
short and only present centrally ; posterior face with complete lower rows of
long bristles ; femur subcylindrical : tibia very slightly curved or straight : tar-
sus not shorter than tibia. Anterior and posterior ventral rows of bristles of
middle femur present, latter on distal two thirds, former complete: submeso-
tibial bristle absent.

Chaetotaxy. — Anterior dorsocentrals scarcely weaker than anterior pairs of
postsuturals, much longer than vestiture of prescutum ; acrostichals absent;
inner presuturals present : four or more pairs of posterior dorsocentrals, last
two much the stronger ; prescutellar acrostichals present : scutellar apicals
present: three sternopleurals ; lower sternopleura with bristles and hairs.

Abdomen. — Clothed above with short reclinate bristles, beneath with much
longer, almost erect hairs. Vestiture of fourth ventral plate short and reclinate
with longer, appressed marginal hairs. Posterior portion of fourth notum dull
orange, this color extending farthest forward dorsally.

Chaetotaxy. — Second segment without dorsal marginal bristles ; third with

Dec, 1919.] Parker: New Species of Sarcophaga. 267

complete row or with the two dorsal bristles somewhat separated from the lat-
erals; fourth with marginal row well anterior to posterior margin and the
dorsal, central bristles still farther forward.

Genital Segments. — Both dull orange or first somewhat brownish: first
with long, hairy vestiture posteriorly, marginal bristles absent; second polished,
vestiture about length of that on first, anal area small. Forceps darker than
second segment, with short upward flap-like prolongations ; prongs in profile

truncated at ends and anterior corners pointed and slightly produced ; vestiture
short except on flap-like prolongations. The figure shows the details of the
genital segments (f. = forceps, a. c. = anterior clasper, p. c. = posterior clasper,
a. p. = accessory plate, g. s. 2 = second genital segment). Genitalia distinctive.
The holotype and the single paratype were both taken at Niagara
Falls, New York, on June 25, but the year and the collector are not
recorded.

NEW NEOTROPICAL MEMBRACID^.1
By W. D. Ftjnkhouser,

Lexington, Ky.

Membracis humilis Fowler, variety aurora new var.

This variety answers the description of M. humilis Fowler in every par-
ticular except that the pronotal markings are brilliant orange in color instead
of white. A series of thirty-nine specimens is shown in my collection, eight-
een males and eighteen females from Chosica, Peru, and three females from
Ecuador. Attempts have been made to change the color of these specimens by
various bleaching processes in the thought that the single specimen which
Fowler described might have been faded but the color appears permanent.
Since both sexes are represented and the series is a fairly long one and repre-
sents two localities, I believe this to be a constant color-variety of humilis.

The females are slightly larger than the males and both sexes are uni-
formly black in body color with the markings bright orange. The eyes are

1 Zoological Laboratory, University of Kentucky.

268 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

bright red; the tegmina very dark brown, opaque and slightly pilose; the legs
and undersurface of the body black.

All of the specimens were collected by Mr. H. S. Parish of To-
ronto, Canada. The specimens from Chosica were taken June 9,
1914, and those from Ecuador in August, 1914.

Type of variety : male. Type locality : Chosica, Peru.

Leioscyta brunnea new species.

Dark brown, closely punctate, sparingly pubescent; dorsum nearly straight,
very slightly depressed at middle and deflexed at tip ; tegmina black at base,
brown at middle and luteus-hyaline at tip ; undersurface of body brown ; legs
ferruginous.

Head longer than wide, foliaceous, dark brown, finely and closely punctate,
sparingly pubescent; base of head strongly sinuate with a pronounced tubercle
above each ocellus ; eyes small, not prominent, gray ; ocelli small, pearly, far-
ther from each other than from the eyes and situated slightly above an imag-
inary line drawn through centers of eyes ; deep impression at base of median
line of head between the tubercles ; clypeus broad, flat, foliaceous, somewhat
pubescent.

Pronotum uniformly dark brown, closely punctate, sparingly pubescent ;
metopidium sloping ; dorsum nearly straight, slightly depressed and sinuate in
middle, roughly sculptured ; median carina percurrent, sharp and prominent ;
a short lateral carina on each side extending from behind humeral angles to
base of posterior process; humeral angles not prominent, rounded; posterior
process slightly deflexed, acute, triquerate, extending just about to tip of ab-
domen but not nearly reaching the extremities of the tegmina.

Tegmina black, coriaceous and strongly punctate at base, middle third
dark brown and translucent, apical third yellowish and hyaline ; five apical and
two discoidal areas.

Undersurface of body uniform brown ; legs ferruginous ; first two pairs of
legs weakly foliaceous, hind legs spined and pubescent, the spines tipped with
black. Length, 5 mm. ; width between humeral angles, 2 mm.

Type : male. Locality : Peru.

Near L. nitida Fowler but larger and differing in color and sculp-
turing of the pronotum. It is doubtful if the generic characters as
laid down by Fowler for the genus Leioscyta will prove sufficient to
distinguish this genus from Tropidoscyta Stal when a large number
of species are examined. The two discoidal areas of the tegmina
are not always associated with the elongate pronotum.

Dec, IQI9-] Fuxkhouser: New Xeotropical Membracid.e. 269

Centrogonia lutea new species.

Large, rough, yellow, coarsely punctate, sparingly pubescent ; tegmina en-
tirely free, hyaline ; posterior process long, narrow, sinuate, extending to a
point half-way between tip of abdomen and apex of tegmen ; suprahumeral
horns thick, heavy, blunt, projecting almost directly laterad as seen from the
front ; abdomen yellow with segments bordered with brown ; legs yellow with
brown spots on middle and hind trochanters.

Head about as long as wide, very roughly sculptured, not punctate except
for five large black depressions, one at base of head on median line, one on
each side of base of head about half way between median suture and eye and
one at upper internal angle of each eye. not pubescent except on clypeus ; base
of head sinuate, highly rounded in middle ; eyes prominent, mottled brown, dis-
tinctly set off from lateral margins of head and extending laterad half as far as
the humeral angles ; ocelli prominent, pearly, bordered with reddish, about
equidistant from each other and from the eyes and situated slightly below a
line drawn through centers of eyes; front of head deeply sulcate down median
line and just outside each ocellus and irregularly mottled with brown ; genae
arcuate, flanged, with brown spot on median cephalic margin ; clypeus longer
than wide, extending far below inferior outline of head, convex, pilose with
long silvery hairs.

Pronotum yellow in cabinet specimens, probably greenish in life, roughly
sculptured, very coarsely punctate, some of the punctures brown, sparingly
pilose with long bristling hairs ; metopidium perpendicular, strongly hollowed
out above each eye, roughly sculptured and punctate, median ridge broad and
irregular ; humeral angles prominent, obtuse ; suprahumeral horns subcylin-
drical, without carinae. heavy, blunt, extending almost directly outward as seen
from the front but directed slightly backward and upward as seen from above
and behind, brownish above, luteus below ; dorsum nearly straight, median
ridge faintly percurrent. lateral semicircular impression pronounced, a few of
the coarse punctures irregularly brown especially in posterior region ; posterior
process long, slender, subcylindrical. luteus faintly mottled with brown, slightly
deflexed, extending well beyond apex of abdomen but not reaching tips of
tegmina.

Tegmina hyaline, base very slightly punctate, veins strong and yellowish.

Thorax and abdomen yellow with segments of abdomen strongly bordered
with brown.

Legs yellow with middle and hind trochanters showing a large brown lat-
eral spot.

Length including tegmina, 10 mm. ; width between tips of suprahumeral
horns. 4.6 mm.

Type: female. Locality: Bogota. Colombia.

I am indebted to Revdo. Apolinar Maria. Colegio de la Salle.
Bogota. Colombia, for the two specimens of this species which I have

'270 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

seen. Both are females and both were taken at Bogota on Baccharis
bogotensis, one in 1915 and one in 1917. This is the largest Centro-
gonia which has yet been described. It is near C. ciliata Fairmaire,
but is a much heavier bodied species than ciliata and is quite distinct
in sculpturing and maculations. I have received a good series of
fifty or more specimens of C. ciliata from Revdo. Apolinar Maria
from the same locality which were also taken on Baccharis bogotensis.

Centrogonia pinguicornis new species.

Light brown mottled with yellow, coarsely punctate, sparingly pubescent ;
suprahumeral horns short, thick and blunt ; metapidium much depressed be-
tween the horns; head showing a large black spot mesad of each eye; dorsum
highest just behind suprahumerals ; posterior process slender, acute, extending
just beyond tip of abdomen ; tegmina hyaline ; thorax, legs and abdomen light
brown mottled with luteus.

Head wider than long, roughly sculptured, impunctate, light yellow with a
large black or very dark brown spot just inside each lateral margin separated
from the eye by a yellow line, a smaller spot meso-ventrad of the preceding, a
brown line extending vertically on each side of the median line through the
ocelli and along the lateral margins of the clypeus ; base of head sinuate; eyes
large, prominent, gray mottled with brown, well set off from lateral margin of
head ; ocelli prominent, brown, about equidistant from each other and from the
eyes and situated on a line drawn through centers of eyes ; clypeus much longer
than wide, produced for more than half its length below lateral margins of
genae, convex, densely pilose, tip produced and strongly marked with black.

Pronotum light brown with yellow markings on the anterior and posterior
bases of the suprahumeral horns, on the lateral margins of the semicircular
impressions and across the base of the posterior process ; suprahumeral horns
short, very thick, stout, sub-triquerate, blunt, no longer than their width at
base, coarsely punctate, somewhat brown above, extending outward and up-
ward with tips slightly recurved ; metopidium perpendicular, convex below
bases of horns, much flattened between the horns ; dorsum a little upraised im-
mediately behind horns then straight to tip of posterior process ; median carina
percurrent; posterior process narrow, acute, very slightly deflexed at tip, ex-
tending just beyond apex of abdomen but not reaching bases of terminal cells
of tegmina.

Tegmina hyaline, base slightly punctate, tips somewhat wrinkled, terminal
cells of coastal border often subdivided to form six or seven terminal cells,
two discoidal.

Thorax light brown spotted with yellow ; abdomen luteus with a small
brown spot on the lateral margin of each segment ; legs light brown spotted
with luteus, tips of tibiae darker, densely pilose.

Length, 6.6 mm.; width between tips of suprahumerals, 2.8 mm.

Dec, 1919.] Funkhouser: New Neotropical Membracid.e. 271

Type: female. Locality: Chosica, Peru (altitude 2,800 ft.). Collector:
Parish.

Described from two females and two males collected by Mr. H. S.
Parish at Chosica, Peru, on June 9, 1914. The males are slightly
smaller and considerably darker than the females. This species is
near C. elegans Fowler, but is very distinct in the shape of the supra-
humeral horns and metopidium.

Stictocephala elevata new species.

Large, reddish-brown, coarsely punctate, not pubescent ; pronotum very
high in front; lateral carina? of metopidium not sharp and meeting almost di-
rectly above the humeral angles ; tegmina yellowish hyaline, slightly coriaceous
and punctate at base, veins prominent and reddish; thorax and abdomen red-
dish-brown ; legs reddish-brown with tips of tibia; broadly bordered with black,
claws dark brown or black.

Head triangular, reddish-brown, roughly sculptured, not punctate, shining;
base of head sinuate, depressed near eyes, upraised in middle; eyes large,
prominent, brown; ocelli very large, yellowish, bordered with red; lower mar-
gins of genae sinuate; clypeus very long, extending for more than two thirds
its length below the inferior margin of the head, gradually narrowing toward
the tip, not pubescent, impunctate, smooth, shining.

Pronotum uniformly reddish-brown, coarsely and evenly punctate, not
pubescent, very high in front, highest just above humeral angles; median carina
sharply and strongly percurrent ; semicircular impressions distinct ; metopidium
perpendicular, only slightly convex, sides not sharply carinate but lateral angles
meeting above at a point about on a line with the humeral angles ; dorsum
almost straight from top of metopidium to apex of posterior process ; posterior
process long, slender, acuminate, very slightly deflexed at tip, tip minuately
black, extending just beyond apex of abdomen and about to the base of the
apical cell of tegmen.

Tegmina yellowish-hyaline, slightly reddish, coriaceous and punctate at
base; veins strong, reddish and irregularly punctate particularly in basal area.

Thorax and undersurface of body uniformly reddish-brown. Legs reddish-
brown ; distal ends of tibiae broadly banded with black; claws black.

Length, 8.5 mm. ; width between humeral angles, 3 mm. ; height from apex
of clypeus to crest of metopidium, 4.4 mm.

Type: female. Locality: Marcapata, Peru.

I have this species also from Callanga, Peru. The species of
Membracidse belonging to the genera Ceresa and Stictocephala are
inclined to change color decidedly in museums. In life they are
usually green or greenish which color changes to yellowish or red-

272 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

dish when dried. The specimens before me are cabinet specimens
of some age and are probably much brighter and greener in life.

Stictocephala nigriventris new species.

Greenish yellow mottled with brown, coarsely punctate, sparingly pilose ;
abdomen densely black; suprahumeral angles very prominent suggesting unde-
veloped horns; lateral angles of metopidium indefinite; tegmina hyaline, veins
yellowish ; legs yellow, outer surfaces of trochanters and femora marked with
black ; general aspect of a Centrogonia but without horns.

Head broader than long, with perpendicular brown fascia, roughly sculp-
tured, not punctate, not pubescent ; base of head sinuate, highest in middle ; eyes
prominent, dark brown, extending laterad from the head almost as far as the
humeral angles ; ocelli small, yellowish, placed on elevations, slightly nearer to
each other than to the eyes and situated about on a line drawn through centers
of eyes ; clypeus much longer than wide, produced for nearly two thirds its
length below margins of gena?, convex, impuctate, pilose, tip black ; margins
of gense strongly sinuate.

Prothorax greenish-yellow, irregularly mottled with light brown and fer-
ruginous, deeply and evenly punctate, sparingly pilose with long stiff black
hairs particularly in anterior region ; humeral angles prominent, auriculate ;
above the humeral angles are strong rounded elevations which are not, how-
ever, produced as horns ; metopidium sloping, somewhat convex, lateral angles
not distinct ; dorsum straight, median carina percurrent, lateral semicircular
impression weak ; posterior process gradually acute, tip minutely black, extend-
ing almost to tip of abdomen.

Tegmina hyaline, base slightly opaque, coriaceous and punctured, veins
yellowish.

Thorax concolorous yellow ; abdomen entirely black ; legs yellow with
outer surfaces of trochanters and femora black ; claws black.

Length including tegmina, 5.5 mm. ; width between humeral angles, 2.2 mm.

Type: female. Locality: Ecuador. Collector: Parish (Aug., 1914).

This species must be placed in the genus Stictocephala although
in general appearance it strongly resembles a Centrogonia. It shows
neither the suprahumeral horns typical of the Centrogonia nor the
lateral angles of the metopidium characteristic of Stictocephala. I
have this species also from Cali, Colombia, collected by Mr. Parish
on May 29, 19 14.

Stictolobus erectus new species.

Uniform light yellow, evenly and coarsely punctate, sparingly pilose with
stiff black hairs ; pronotum somewhat compressed, elevated ; metopidium con-
vex, a little higher than wide, entirely without lateral angles between humerals

Dec, 1919.] Fuxkhouser: New Xeotropical Mkmhracid.e. 273

and median carina; pronotum resembling that of an Atymna; tegmina with the
venation of a Stictocephala ; thorax, undersurface of body and abdomen im-
maculate light yellow ; legs pale yellow with distal ends of tibia? and the claws
brown.

Head broader than long, lemon yellow, roughly sculptured, not punctate,
not pubescent except on clypeus ; base of head weakly sinuate, highest in
middle; eyes prominent, pale yellow with perpendicular fasciae of brown; ocelli
very prominent, yellowish, bordered with brown, nearer to each other than to
the eyes and situated about on a line drawn through centers of eyes ; margins
of genas sinuate ; clypeus longer than wide, extending for more than half its
length below inferior margins of gense, concolorous pale yellow, impunctate,
pilose with long white hairs, tip slightly swollen.

Pronotum yellow, evenly punctate, sparingly pilose, somewhat compressed
laterally ; dorsum subarcuate, highest above humeral angles, almost straight
from highest point to base of posterior process ; metopidium lightly canvex,
higher than wide, a smooth ovate area above inner margin of each eye ; median
carina distinctly percurrent ; semicircular impression well marked ; posterior
process short, slender, acuminate, extending just beyond apex of abdomen,
slightly deflexed, tip minutely black.

Tegmina hyaline, base very slightly coriaceous and punctate; venation
agreeing in all respects with that of species of the genus Stictocephala ; veins
prominent, yellowish, irregularly tinted with brown ; tegmina and hind wings
both showing a strongly stylate and petiolate apical cell.

Thorax and abdomen uniformly lemon yellow ; legs yellow ; tibiae hairy and
spined ; distal ends of tibiae bordered with brown ; claws entirely brown.

Length, 7 mm. ; width between humeral angles, 2.7 mm. ; height of crest
from tip of clypeus, 3.5 mm.

Type: male. Locality: Para, Brazil.

Described from two males and two females, all from the same
locality. The sexes agree in size and color. I suspect that the
genus Stictolobus, erected by Metcalf for the accommodation of subu-
latus Say, will eventually receive several species which have been
described in the genus Stictocephala.

Atymna pilosa new species.

Pale greenish yellow without markings, evenly and finely punctate, densely
pilose ; pronotum somewhat compressed laterally ; dorsum subarcuate, highest
before humeral angles ; tegmina hyaline, basal half of costal area strongly
punctate ; thorax, legs and undersurface of body uniform greenish-yellow.

Head wider than long, very convex in center, lemon yellow with a slight
tinge of brown around each ocellus, finely punctate, sparingly pubescent ; base
of head sinuate, depressed at lateral margins, highest over ocelli, depressed in
middle; eyes large, prominent, brown, bordered with yellow; ocelli very small,

274 Journal New York Entomological Society. IVoL xxvii.

yellowish, indistinct, nearer to each other than to the eyes and situated about
on a line drawn through centers of eyes ; margins of gense forming more or less
of a right angle by extending straight mesad from the eyes and then turning
sharply downward to the clypeus ; clypeus longer than broad, extending for
more than half its length below inferior margins of genae, convex, punctate,
densely pilose at tip.

Pronotum rounded in front, compressed behind, concolorous greenish yel-
low in cabinet specimens, evenly and finely punctate, densely pilose with long
grayish hairs ; dorsum subarcuate, highest before humeral angles ; median
carina sharp and strongly percurrent ; metopidium convex, about as wide as
high, a smooth rounded area at base above each eye ; humeral angles promi-
nent, auriculate ; posterior process short, thick, blunt, tectiform, slightly de-
pressed, extending almost to the tips of the tegmina.

Tegmina hyaline, very faintly clouded with brown at base and tip ; base
and costal area slightly punctate ; veins more or less indistinct but lightly
punctate in basal half of tegmen ; tegmina and hind wings with apical cell
stylate.

Thorax, abdomen and legs yellow, the hind tibiae minutely spined and the
spines tipped with brown.

Length, 4.8 mm. ; width between humeral angles, 2 mm.

Type : female. Locality : Peru.

Ophiderma fascipennis new species.

Very small, dark brown with yellow band before apex of posterior process,
finely punctate, not pubescent ; dorsum strongly sinuate ; tegmina with promi-
nent brown band diagonally across apex ; head lightly tuberculate at base.

Head broader than long, dark brown with median line and sutures of cly-
peus clearly and evenly marked with yellow, finely punctate, not pubescent ; base
of head sinuate, the margin just above each ocellus upraised and swollen into
small tubercles ; eyes not prominent, brown; ocelli small, distinct, yellow, about
equidistant from each other and from the eyes and situated about on a line
drawn through centers of eyes; clypeus convex, finely punctate, very slightly
pubescent at tip.

Pronotum broad, convex, flattened in front and somewhat swollen behind
middle suggesting the genus Xantholobus, finely punctate, not pubescent, a
broad yellow band at base of posterior process ; metopidium broader than high,
sloping; percurrent median carina very faint on metopidium but distinct be-
hind middle of body ; dorsum sinuate as seen from the side, a slight depression
above humeral angles, a deeper one in middle of pronotum and another at base
of posterior process ; humeral angles prominent, triangular, auriculate, acute at
point ; posterior process set off at base by broad yellow fascia which is broadest
on median carina and narrows rapidly as it approaches the lateral margin of
the pronotum giving a triangular appearance as seen from one side, entire
process short, triangular, tectiform, blunt, the tip extending well beyond the
end of the abdomen but not reaching apex of tegmen.

Dec, 1919.] Funkhouser: New Neotropical aIembracid.e. 275

Tegmina hyaline, base narrowly coriaceous and punctate, veins of middle
area suddenly marked with brown, a distinct clean-cut brown band following
the terminal veins diagonally across the apex of the wing leaving a rather
broad, clear marginal membrane at extremity, this band extends ventro-caudad
from the posterior process when the tegmen is folded in its natural position ;
both the tegmina and the hind wings show the middle apical cells stylate.

Thorax uniform brown ; abdomen brown with margins of segments yel-
low; legs mottled yellow and brown, the distal ends of the tibia and the first
joint of the tarsi being yellow.

Length including tegmina, 3.6 mm.; width between humeral angles, 1.8 mm.

Type : male. Locality : Bolivia.

This species should be recognized by its very small size, the sin-
uate dorsum and the characteristic brown fascia across the apex of
the tegmen. There is no record of collector, date of collecting or
definite locality, as the material in which it was found was purchased
from Staudinger-Bang Haas several years ago simply marked
" Bolivien."

Vanduzea punctipennis new species.

Green with a semicircular white arc on each side of the pronotum, a white
band at base of posterior process and a dark brown spot behind each humeral
angle ; closely punctate, finely pubescent ; pronotum convex in front, swollen
and arcuate behind ; veins of tegmina strongly and closely punctate, apical cell
straight at base, the basal vein of this cell extending transversely across the
tegmen ; legs and undersurface of body green.

Head subtriangular, broader than long, green, finely punctate, pubescent,
sutures distinct ; base of head nearly straight, slightly depressed at eyes ; eyes
prominent, brown ; ocelli small, translucent, borders raised, farther from each
other than from the eyes and situated about on a line extending through cen-
ters of eyes; margins of gense sinuate; clypeus about as broad as long when
■viewed from the front, continuing the line of the inferior margin of the genae,
tip reflexed and pubescent.

Pronotum green, finely punctate, pubescent, a white fascia beginning just
behind the humeral angles- and extending in a semicircle to the lateral border
of the pronotum at a point about midway between the humeral angle and the
tip of the posterior process, within the anterior half of this semicircle an
irregular brown spot, the white arc bordered with brown behind, a white
fascia across the pronotum at the base of the posterior process; metopidium
convex, broader than high; humeral angles blunt; median carina strongly per-
current ; dorsum sloping in front, nearly flat across middle and acuate behind,
slightly impressed on each side behind the middle ; posterior process darker,
short, tectiform, acute, extending just beyond tip of abdomen and about reach-
ing the base of the apical cell of the tegmen.

276 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Tegmina hyaline, base coriaceous and punctate, apex slightly clouded ;
veins very strong and brown and very strongly punctate with brown dots ;
apical cell with basal veins at right angles to length of tegmen.

Thorax and undersuiface of body uniformly green; abdomen green; legs
green ; tarsi luteus.

Length, 4.8 mm. ; width, 2.4 mm.

Type : female. Locality : Cali, Colombia. Collector : Parish (May 24, 1914).

This species bears a strong superficial resemblance to Vanduzea
(Hypamastris) segmcntata Fowler and may be but a variety of that
species. It is quite distinct, however, from the specimens of segmen-
tate/, which I have from Arizona and Texas and which seem to be
without question Fowler's species. Fowler credits segmcntata with
a wide range and considerable variation.

Lycoderes triangulata new species.

Large, reddish-brown, coarsely punctate, not pubescent ; pronotal horn
porrect, subcylindrical at base, forked at extremity, the prongs of the fork
narrow, flattened and parallel ; posterior process slender, straight, very slightly
elevated above the scutellum ; tegmina reddish-brown, opaque, coriaceous and
punctate except a large triangular area at costal margin near apex which is
entirely hyaline and very conspicuous, suggesting the specific name.

Head foliaceous, black, finely and closely punctate, finely pubescent, con-
vex ; base of head regularly arcuate ; eyes large, prominent, gray ; ocelli promi-
nent, shining, orange-colored, much farther from each other than from the
eyes and situated well above a line drawn through centers of eyes ; margins of
gense sinuate, extended downward to meet apical end of clypeus ; clypeus longer
than wide, flat, black, pubescent, punctate, continuing the outline of the head
as formed by the inferior margins of genae.

Pronotum reddish-brown, darker in front, very sparingly or not at all
pubescent ; single pronotal horn porrect, extending forward and upward, the
base thick and turriculate, the middle portion subcylindrical, the apex forked,
the forked portion being nearly as long as the distance from the humeral
angles to the base of the fork, the prongs of the fork continuing the general
direction of the horn, nearly parallel, not spreading, as seen from the front
they are slightly separated at the bases, nearly touching throughout mid-
dle half and again slightly separated at the tips, tips a little swollen with
points directed outward ; humeral angles prominent, triangular, acute ; pos-
terior process long, narrow, straight, cylindrical at base, laterally flattened and
sharply carinate for apical two thirds, arising from above the base of the pro-
notal horn and extending backward and downward to meet the tegmina against
which it is closely pressed, the tip of the process not quite reaching the inter-
nal angles of the tegmina ; scutellum plainly exposed, subtriangular, the open
space between the scutellum and the posterior process being small, not much
longer than the scutellum and not half as high as long.

Dec, 1919-] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondacks. 277

Tegmina reddish-brown, opaque, coriaceous and punctate except for a large
triangular area near the apex at the costal margin which is entirely clear; this
triangle rests with its base on the coastal margin of the wing and its apex di-
rected upward, it extends halfway to the tip of the posterior process above and
extends from near the apical end of the wing for more than one third the dis-
tance toward the base ; the veins in the reddish opaque part of the tegmen are
prominent and black, those in the hyaline triangle are pale and yellowish.

Thorax and undersurface of the body very dark brown or black, legs black,
all of the tibiae foliaceous, tarsi ferruginous.

Length from front of head to tip of tegmina, 6.8 mm. ; length from apex
of pronotal horn to tips of tegmina, 9 mm. ; length of pronotal horn measuring
from humeral angles, 4 mm. ; width of pronotum between humeral ang'es,
1.8 mm.

Type : male. Locality : Sao Paulo, Brazil.

This very interesting and grotesque insect resembles L. gaff a Fair-
maire in the shape and position of the pronotal process, but is quite
distinct from that species in the structure of the posterior process.
L. triangulata should be recognized by the hyaline triangle on the
tegmina and the straight posterior process.

NEW GALL MIDGES OR ITONIDIOSE FROM THE
ADIRONDACKS.

By E. P. Felt,
Albany, N. Y.

The species described below were from a fine lot of 648 pinned
specimens collected in August and early September, 1917, and gener-
ously donated to the New York State Museum by Mr. Howard Not-
man of Keene Valley and Brooklyn, with the one exception of Porri-
condyla johnsoni, a species characterized in connection with the
study of this collection.

An exceptionally large number of non-gall-making forms will be
noted, a condition very likely to occur in general collections from
heavily wooded areas where an abundance of moist, decaying vege-
table debris favors representatives of the more generalized groups.

The midges were collected in nature much as are larger flies and
there is really no reason why these minute forms should not be cap-

278 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

tured in the open and characterized except that in the case of gall-
making species, it is frequently easier to identify the insect through
its work and there is no gainsaying the desirability of associating an
insect with its gall.

The Adirondack midge fauna is a rich one and still far from being
thoroughly explored, though we probably know most of the genera
occurring in that section. The following species, in addition to the
new forms described below, were taken by Mr. Notman at Keene
Valley in late August and early September as follows :

Winnertzia pectinata Felt, Aug. 27. Lobodiplosis acerina Felt, Aug. 30.

Asynapta saliciperda Felt, Sept. 4. Feltiella emarginata Felt, Sept. 9.

Camptomyia estiva Felt, Aug. 28. Karschomyia viburni Felt, Aug. 26.

Dirhiza canadensis Felt, Aug. 14. Mycodiplosis Carolina Felt, Aug. 29.

D. hamata Felt, Aug. 7. M. cyanoccoci Felt, Sept. 4.

D. multiarticulata Felt, Aug. 29. M. variabilis Felt, Sept. 4.
Aphidoletes recurvata Felt, Sept. 15.

Tritozyga borealis new species.

A series of this interesting species was taken in early September,
the 10th to the 15th, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman, at Keene Valley.
There are structural and colorational characters which appear to
separate this form from earlier characterized species, namely T.
sackeni Felt and T. fenestra Felt. Both sexes were captured, though
nothing appears to be known concerning the life history of the species.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antennae very short, dark brown, composed of nine
segments, the second somewhat swollen, subglobose, the third with a length
about half its diameter, the fourth with a length one half greater than its
diameter, terminal segment compound, tapering and with a length about zzA
times its diameter. Wings with the venation of T. sackeni. Claws moderately
long, slender, curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp
segment moderately long, stout, terminal clasp segment stout and with a length
about 2y2 times its diameter.

Female. — Length 1 mm. Antennae short, dark brown, with 11 or 12 seg-
ments, the terminal long, tapering and with a length 2l/2 to 3 times its diam-
eter. Palpi ; first segment moderately long, pyriform, the second shorter, with
a length about twice its diameter, the third more than twice the length of the
second and somewhat dilated. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutellum
dark reddish brown. Postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen yellowish brown
or reddish brown. Wings hyaHne, iridescent. Halteres reddish brown. Legs
mostly fuscous yellowish. Terminal lobes of ovipositor triarticulate, the last
segment orbicular. Type Cecid. 1699.

Dec, 1919.] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondacks. 279

The coloration of the male is presumably very similar to that of
the female. At least no differences were noted prior to the making
of the microscopic preparations.

Konisomyia borealis new species.

The female described below was taken by Mr. Howard Notman at
Keene Valley, September 14, 1917. It is closely related to K. fusca
Felt, from which it may be separated by differences in color and size
and especially variations in antennal structure.

Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the
head, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably nine segments, the second some-
what enlarged, the fifth with a length a little greater than its diameter, the
terminal segment produced, evidently compound and with a length about three
times its diameter. Palpi ; first segment irregularly quadrangular, the second
z little longer, irregular, the third a little longer and stouter than the second,
the fourth one half longer than the third and somewhat dilated. Eyes black.
Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown.
Abdomen dark yellowish brown, darker apically. Wings hyaline and nearly as
in K. fusca except that the fork of the fourth vein is a little shorter and some-
what broader. Plalteres fuscous yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform dark yel-
lowish brown. Claws moderately stout, strongly curved. The pulvilli nearly
as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, stout, the lobes triarticulate, the ter-
minal segment broadly rounded and sparsely haired. There is in this species
as in K. fusca submedian globose appendages ventrally on the eighth abdominal
segment. Type C. 1700.

Neptunimyia flavida new species.

This midge was taken August 25, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman
at Keene Valley, N. Y., and is tentatively referred to this genus,
though in the type species the third vein joins costa near the distal
fourth and the fourth vein is distinct, while in this new form the third
vein is well separated from costa, uniting with the margin near the
apex of the wing and the third vein is very indistinct. However,
antennal characters and the rather thickly haired wings indicate
affinities with Neptunimyia and the species is therefore tentatively
placed in this genus.

Female. — Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal seg-
ment, thickly haired fuscous ye'lowish, 10 segments, the fifth with a stem a
little longer than the somewhat pyriform basal enlargement, which latter has
a subbasal whorl of stout setae, a smaller subapical whorl of similar setae and

280 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

apically long digitate processes arising from circular pores. Terminal seg-
ment somewhat produced with a length over twice its diameter and tapering
to an irregularly rounded apex. Palpi, basal segment irregular, second segment
with a length over twice its diameter, the third as long as the second, more
slender, the fourth nearly V2 longer than the third and somewhat dilated.
Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum brownish yellow. Postscutellum darker.
Abdomen mostly fuscous yellowish, fuscous apically. Wings moderately broad,
rather thickly haired and with a venation suggesting that of Joannisia. Sub-
costa unites with costa before the basal half; there is a distinct cross vein
originating at the distal ;.hird of subcosta and the third vein joins the margin
at the apex of the wing, fourth vein extremely indistinct and only traces of
the fifth vein are to be seen. Halteres and legs fuscous yellowish. Claws
moderately long, stout, somewhat irregular. The pulvelli rudimentary. Ovi-
positor short, triarticulate, the basal two segments irregularly rectangular, the
terminal segment broadly oval and sparsely setose. Type Cecid. 17 10.

Neocatocha sylvana new species.

The peculiar female described below was taken September 6, 1917,
by Mr. Howard Notman at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is easily distin-
guished from other American forms by the small number of antennal
segments.

Female. — Length 2 mm. Antennae l/z the length of the body, dark brown,
10 segments, the fifth with a stem Yz the length of the somewhat ovate basal
enlargement, the latter with a length l/2 greater than its diameter, sparsely and
irregularly clothed with moderately short setae and apically with a series of
digitate processes rising from circular pores ; terminal segment somewhat re-
duced and tapering to an obtuse apex. Palpi, first segment irregularly quad-
rate, the second a little longer and more slender, the third as long as the
second and more slender, the fourth twice the length of the third. Mesonotum
shiny dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum shiny reddish brown with
a darker transverse band near the middle. Abdomen fuscous yellowish. Wings
slightly fuscous, iridescent, the third vein uniting with the margin before the
apex of the wing, the fourth vein indistinct and with a relatively short fork.
Halteres dark brown. Legs mostly dark reddish brown, the tarsi with a yel-
lowish cast. Claws simple, finely denticulate apically, the pulvilli as long as
the claws, the eighth abdominal segment ventrally with submedian ovate
organs. The ovipositor short, triarticulate, the terminal lobes narrowly oval
and sparsely setose. Type Cecid. 1720.

Joannisia borealis new species.

The small midge described below falls in the series with the termi-
nal clasp segment broadly rounded apically. It is easily separated
from /. neomexicana Felt, by the decidedly broader terminal clasp

Felt: New GxVL Midoes from the Af>lR0W6ACKS. 2^1

segment. Taken August 30, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman, at Keene
Valley.

Male. — Length .75 mm. Antenna twice the length of the body, thickly
I, dark brown, with 16 segments. Palpi, the first segment subglobose, the
second longer, broadly oval, the third much smaller, broadly oval. Mesonotum
shining dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen f
yellowish, the distal segments darker. Halteres and legs yellowish. Claws
slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli greatly reduced. Genitalia: basal clasp
segment moderately long, broad, terminal clasp segment irregularly and broadly
oval, the apex without visible spines. Type Cecid. 1703.

Campylomyza monticola new spec

The peculiar male was taken August 30, 1917, by Mr. Howard
Notman, at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is easily distinguished from
other known species by the subapical terminal clasp segment.

Male. — Length .75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, thickly haired, yel-
lowish brown, ? 16 segments, the 3th with a stem % the length of the sub-
cylindric basal enlargement which latter has a length about twice its diameter,
three well-developed crenulate whorls and a rudimentary fourth, terminal
segment wanting. Palpi, first segment subglobose, the second a little longer,
slender, the third a little shorter than the second and the fourth nearly as long
as the third. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yel-
lowish. Abdomen reddish brown. Wings narrow as in Joannisia. Halteres
and legs yellowish. Claws moderately long, stout, finely denticulate. Geni-
talia: basal clasp segment moderately long, stout and with a triangular setose
process apically, the terminal clasp segment moderately long, slender, and
tapering to a subacute setose apex. Harpes irregularly chitinized and apically
with irregularly recurved teeth. Type Cecid. 1741.

Parwinnertzia new g

This genus has the typical circumfili of Winnertzia Rond., from
which it may be easily separated by the very narrow wings and the
absence of the fifth vein, there being only three long veins, and the
biarticulate palpi. Type P. notmani n. sp.

Parwinnertzia notmani new spe

The remarkable female described below was taken by Mr. Howard
Notman July 16, 1917, at Keene Valley, N. Y. Nothing is known
concerning its life habits.

Female. — L.-ngrh 1.5 mm. Antenr.

282 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

segments, the fifth cylindric with a length about 2r/2 times its diameter, a sparse
subbasal whorl of stout setae and a scattering subapical band of long, more
slender setae. Slender horseshoe-shaped circumfili extend from the basal third
of the segment to a little beyond the tip. Palpi: short, slender, the first seg-
ment oval, the second with a length four times its diameter, fusiform, slender.
Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown.
Abdomen mostly fuscous yellowish. Wings unusually narrow, with a length
about three times the width, a well marked crossvein as in Winnertzia, the third
vein uniting with the margin just beyond the apex of the wing, the fifth vein
wanting, the sixth well developed and joining the posterior margin at the
basal half. Halteres and legs mostly fuscous yellowish. Claws moderately
long, stout, slightly curved, the pulvilli rudimentary. Ovipositor nearly as long
as the abdomen, the terminal lobes slender, sparsely setose, triarticulate, the
basal segment broadly quadrate, the second segment narrow, the third with a
length over twice its diameter and tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Type
Cecid. 1704.

Didactylomyia robusta new species.

This midge was taken September 14, 1917, by Mr. Howard Not-
man, at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is easily distinguished from other
males referable to this genus by the somewhat moderate length of
the terminal clasp segment.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antenna? twice the length of the body, rather
thickly haired, dark brown, 15 segments, the fifth with a stem % longer than
the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length 2Y2 times its diam-
eter, terminal segment somewhat produced, with a length over three times its
diameter and apically a slender, somewhat capitate process. Palpi, the first
segment with a length nearly twice its width, the second l/> longer, swollen
distally, the third as long as the second, more slender and the fourth y2 longer
than the third. Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum
reddish yellow. Abdomen yellowish brown. Genitalia fuscous. Halteres yel-
lowish transparent. Legs mostly dark brown. Claws moderately stout,
strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws.
Genitalia : basal clasp segment moderately stout, short ; terminal clasp segment
y2 longer than the basal clasp segment, rather stout, tapering and curving
gently ; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate ; ventral
plate moderately long, rather deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes finger-
like. Harpes moderately produced, chitinized and roundly truncate distally.
Type Cecid. 1727.

Porricondyla johnsoni new species.

The one male was taken August 23 by Professor C. W. Johnson,
at Brookline, Mass. It is closely related to P. pini Felt and P. biden-

Pee., 1919! Ffxt: New GALL Ml tOM THE AdIROJTDACKS.

to/a Felt, it being most easily separated from the latter by the more
heavily chitinized and recurved genitalic hooks.

e. — Length 1.75 mm. Antennae probably about T/i longer than the b
thickly long haired, brownish and presumably with 16 segments Conly 8 were
attached to the specimen), the fifth with a stem twice the length of the cylin-
drical basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter.
Palpi: the first segment with a length about three times its diameter; the sec-
ond apparently as long, the third about twice the length of the second, more
slender and the fourth about Y\ longer than the third. Mesonotum dark red-
dish brown. Scutellum pale yellowish. Postscutellum pale orange.
reddish brown. Genitalia yellowish. Venter dark brown. Halteres pale yel-
lowish. Legs a pale yellowish brown. Claws missing. Genitalia: basal
clasp segment short, broad, the internal basal angle with a heavy, strongly
recurved bidentate chitinized hook, the extreme distal margin thickly clothed
with stout setae; terminal clasp segment moderately long, strongly curved,
falcate, the distal portion expanded, obliquely truncate and with the tip pro-
duced as a narrowly triangular fleshy lobe ; dorsal and ventral plates indistinct
in the preparation. Harpes forming a heavy, strongly recurved hook apically.
Type Cecid. 1343.

Porricondyla bidentata new species.

The striking midge described below was taken August 26, 1917,
by Mr. Howard Notman at Keene Valley, N. Y. It approaches P.
pini Felt, from which it is most easily distinguished by the more
strongly chitinized hooks of the genitalia and especially by the biden-
tate hook distally and internally on the basal clasp segment.

Male. — Length 2 mm. Antennae % longer than the body, thickly haired,
dark brown, the basal segments yellowish, 15 segments, the fifth with a stem
2T/2 times the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a
length iT/i times its diameter, terminal segment produced, with a length four
times its diameter, the apex a short cone. Palpi : first segment with a length
about three times its diameter, the second a little longer, broader, the third
with a length about twice the second and the fourth % longer and more slender
than the third. Mesonotum dark yellowish brown, the median area lighter.
Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen rather thickly haired,
dark brown, the enlarged genitalia yellowish. Halteres and legs mostly dark
straw, the distal tarsal segments of the middle pair whitish. Claws moderately
long, stout, unidentate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal
clasp segment short, broad, the internal basal angle prolonged in a rather
stout, recurved, bidentate hook ; terminal clasp segment moderately long,
strongly curved, falcate, the distal portion expanded, obliquely truncate and
with a chitinized spur at the apex ; dorsal plate short, broad, the lobes appar-

284 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- XXVII.

ently divided, obliquely truncate and sparsely margined distally with stout
setae; ventral plate moderately long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate,
the lobes short truncate and with a few stout setae apically. Harpes with
strongly chitinized, irregular, recurved hooks apically. Type Cecid. 1723.

Porricondyla spinigera new species.

• This midge, falling in the P. pini Felt and P. hamata Felt series,
was collected September 4, 1917, at Keene Valley, N. Y., by Mr.
Howard Notman. It may be easily distinguished from its allies by
the long, stout spine at the tip of the terminal clasp segment.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antennje twice the length of the body, sparsely
long-haired, dark brown, 16 segments, the fifth with a stem twice the length of
the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length J/i greater than its
diameter, the terminal segment reduced, with a length about 2^/2 times its diam-
eter and narrowly rounded apically. Palpi : first segment with a length about
three times its diameter, the second Yi longer, the third a little longer and more
slender than the second, the fourth J^ longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish
brown. Scutellum pale yellowish. Postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen sparsely
haired, fuscous yellowish, genitalia somewhat darker. Halteres pale yellowish.
Legs mostly pale straw. Claws rather slender, strongly curved, unidentate, the
pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment short, stout,
the internal distal angles apparently with a long, irregularly curved spine, the
tip of which touches its complement on the other side ; terminal clasp segment
moderately short, stout, thickly haired and tapering to a long stout apically
chitinous spine, the latter with a length about % the entire segment ; dorsal
plate long, broad, deeply and narrowly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded
and sparsely setose; ventral plate long, moderately broad, broadly and roundly
emarginate, the lobes short, broadly rounded and sparsely setose ; halteres
strongly chitinized irregularly and with a distinct retrose spine apically.
Type Cecid. 1734.

Porricondyla tumidosa new species.

This midge was taken August 2j, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman,
at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is related to P. dilatata Felt, from which
it may be separated by the more slender basal enlargements of the
antennal segments and the longer apical spurs on the basal clasp
segment.

Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae decidedly longer than the body, thickly
long-haired, dark brown, 16 segments, the fifth with a stem y2 longer than the
cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length 2^4 times its diameter,
terminal clasp segment with a length 2^ times its diameter, thickly haired and
tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Palpi : first segment with a length about

Dec, 1919.] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondacks. 285

four times its diameter, the second a little longer, stouter, the third a little
longer than the second, more slender, the fourth y2 longer than the third,
somewhat dilated. Mesonotum shining reddish brown. Scutellum, postscu-
tellum and abdomen mostly pale yellowish. Genitalia : a light fuscous yellow-
ish and thickly haired. Halteres, legs basally and the tarsal segments mostly
pale yellowish, the remainder dark straw. Claws moderately long, slender,
slightly curved, unidentate, the put villi a little shorter than the claws. Geni-
talia : basal clasp segment short, stout, the internal distal angle with a curved
chitinous spine having a length nearly equal to the diameter of the segment;
terminal clasp segment swollen, narrowly oval, thickly setose and with a series
of short, stout spines apically ; dorsal plate moderately long, broad, deeply and
triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded ; ventral plate moderately
long, broad triangularly emarginate, the lobes short and thickly setose. Harpes
strongly chitinized and tapering to a slightly recurved subacute apex. Type
Cecid. 1731.

Asynapta borealis new species.

This female was taken August 28, 191 7, by Mr. Howard Notman
at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is easily distinguished from related species
by the small number of subsessile antennal segments.

Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly
short-haired, light fuscous yellowish, 15 segments, the fifth with a stem about
J4 the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length
twice its diameter. The palpi are over half the length of the antennas, the first
segment has a length about three times its diameter, the second is one half
longer than the first, somewhat stouter, the third is more than twice the length
of the second, strongly flattened and the fourth is about as long as the third
and more slender. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum
reddish orange. Abdomen reddish brown, yellowish. Ovipositor about the
length of the abdomen. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs mostly dark straw, the
distal tarsal segments lighter. Claws moderately long, slender, evenly curved,
unidentate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Terminal lobes of the ovipositor
narrowly oval and sparsely setose. Type Cecid. 1729.

Asynapta dolens new species.

The midge was taken by Mr. Howard Notman at Keene Valley,
N. Y., September 7, 1917. It runs in the key to A. jurcata Felt, from
which it may be easily separated by the only moderately inflated
terminal clasp segment, and its distinctly smaller size.

Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae z/2 longer than the body, rather sparsely
haired, dark brown, the stems whitish, with at least 13 and probably with 16
segments, the fifth with a stem y2 longer than the cylindrical basal enlarge-

286 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

ment, which latter has a length y2 greater than its diameter and bears a mod-
erately thick whorl of long, stout setae. Palpi: first segment with a length
about three times its diameter, the second y2 longer, more slender, the third as
long as the second, the fourth y2 longer than the third. Mesonotum dark red-
dish brown. Scutellum yellowish white. Postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen
rather thickly haired, mostly fuscous yellowish, the basal segments and geni-
talia somewhat fuscous. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxae and femora
basally yellowish, the remainder of the legs mostly pale straw. Claws mod-
erately long, stout, curved, unidentate, the puvilli nearly as long as the claws.
Genitalia: basal clasp segment moderately long, stout, terminal clasp segment
short, stout ; dorsal plate moderately long, deeply and narrowly incised, the
lobes narrowly rounded ; ventral plate long, broad and broadly rounded. Type
Cecid. 1748.

Camptomyia antennata new species.

This midge was taken September 15, 1917, by Mr. Howard Not-
man at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is related to C. montana Felt, from
which it is easily separated by the larger number of antennal seg-
ments and the more produced stems.

Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennas more than twice the length of the body,
sparsely haired, yellowish brown, probably with 22 segments, the fifth with a
stem y2 longer than the subcylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a
length y2 greater than its diameter. Palpi : first segment with a length about
three times its diameter, the second segment a little longer than the first, the
third about twice the length of the second and the fourth a little longer than
the third, the latter two more slender than the basal two. Mesonotum dark
brown. Scutellum pale yellowish. Postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen
mostly dark yellowish brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly
dark straw, the tarsi a little darker. Claws moderately stout, strongly curved,
unidentate, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp
segment moderately long, stout ; terminal clasp segment short, stout and nar-
rowly rounded and thickly pectinate apically ; dorsal plate long, divided, the
lobes broad, obliquely truncate ; ventral plate long, deeply and narrowly in-
cised, the lobes broad and tapering to a narrowly rounded and sparsely setose
apex. Style rather short, irregular and narrowly rounded apically. Type
Cecid. 1728.

Camptomyia dentata new species.

This midge was taken September 3, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman
at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is related to C. montana Felt, from which
it is easily separated by the shorter stems of the flagellate antennal
segments and by the markedly different terminal clasp segment.

Dec, 1919-] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondacks. 287

Male. — Length i mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly
haired, fuscous yellowish, probably 21 segments, the fifth with a stem as long
as the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length about Y* greater
than its diameter, terminal segment wanting. Palpi: first segment with a length
three times its diameter, irregular, the second Y2 longer, broader, the third Yz
longer than the second, more slender and the fourth a little longer than the
third. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum pale yellowish. Postscutellum
and abdomen mostly yellowish, genitalia slightly fuscous. Halteres and legs
basally pale yellowish, the distal tarsal segments brownish. Claws moderately
stout, evenly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli a little shorter than the claws.
Genitalia : basal clasp segment moderately long, broad ; the terminal clasp seg-
ment with a length three times its diameter, roundly swollen distally, internally
and subapically with a closely set row of long, stout chitinous teeth ; dorsal
plate long, broad, deeply and roundly incised, the lobes broad, irregularly
truncate and sparsely setose ; ventral plate long, broad, very broadly and
roundly emarginate, the lobes short and tapering to a narrowly rounded,
sparsely setose apex. Type Cecid. 1735.

Camptomyia pectinata new species.

This peculiar male was taken August 26, 1917, at Keene Valley,
N. Y., by Mr. Howard Notman. It differs from all its allies by the
greatly produced stems of the flagellate antennal segments.

Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly
long-haired, dark brown, 20 segments, the fifth with a stem 2Y2. times the length
of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length Y? greater than
its diameter, a sparse basal whorl of short setae and a thick subapical whorl
of much longer, stout setse. Terminal segment produced tapering and with a
length about four times its diameter. Palpi : first segment irregularly quad-
rate, the second segment with a length over twice its diameter, the third with
a length more than twice the second and more slender, the fourth as long as
the third, and more slender. Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum pale
yellowish. Postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen thickly haired, fuscous yellow-
ish. Halteres pale basally, fuscous apically. Legs mostly dark straw, whitish
basally and with the distal tarsal segments lighter. Claws moderately long,
strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws.
Genitalia : basal clasp segment moderately long, stout, terminal clasp segment
stout, strongly curved and greatly constricted near the distal fourth ; the apex
chitinized and margined with numerous stout, closely set spines. Other struc-
tures indistinct in the preparation. Type Cecid. 1726.

Holoneurus inflatus new species.

This species was taken September 12, 1917, at Keene Valley, X".
Y., by Mr. Howard Notman. It appears to belong in the series with

288 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoL xxvii.

sixteen antennal segments, though there is one additional. It is
easily separated by the distinctly shorter stem of the fifth antennal
segment and by genitalic characters.

Male. — Length i mm. Antennae Y2 longer than the body, rather thickly
haired, fuscous yellowish, the stems whitish 17 segments, the fifth with a stem
as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length J4 greater than its
diameter and bears a moderately thick whorl of long setae. Palpi : first seg-
ment with a length nearly three times its diameter, the second nearly twice as
long as the first, the third y2 longer than the second, the fourth about as long
as the third. Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum yellowish white.
Postscutellum darker. Abdomen thickly haired, yellowish, genitalia fuscous
yellowish. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxae pale yellowish. Legs mostly
pale straw. Claws moderately long, curved, unidentate, the pulvilli nearly as
long as the claws. Genitalia: basal clasp segment moderately long, stout; ter-
minal clasp segment short, narrowly and irregularly oval ; dorsal plate long,
deeply and triangularly incised, the lobes broadly rounded ; ventral plate mod-
erately long, divided, tapering and narrowly rounded apically. Type Cecid.
1755-

Dicrodiplosis insolens new species.

This peculiar species was taken by Mr. Howard Notman August
12, 1917, at Keene Valley. It is tentatively referred to this genus and
is remarkable among female Itonididinarise on account of the greatly
produced circumfili.

Female. — Length 1.75 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, sparsely
haired, dark brown, with at least 13 and presumably 14 segments, the fifth with
a stem % of the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has
a length about three times its diameter, is distinctly and broadly constricted
near the middle and has well developed, irregular circumfili basally and api-
cally, the loops with a length about equal to the diameter of the enlargement,
there even being a pronounced slackness or bowing of the longitudinal fili con-
necting the basal and distal circumfili, terminal segment wanting. Palpi : first
segment irregular, globose, the second with a length over twice its diameter,
the third fully l/2 longer than the second and the fourth nearly twice the length
of the third. Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum
yellowish. Abdomen fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae
pale yellowish. Legs mostly dark brown, the anterior pair with the third,
fourth and fifth tibial segments mostly yellowish, the middle legs with the third
tibial segment yellowish and the posterior legs with the distal half of the second
tibial segment and the third and fourth segments whitish. Claws rather long,
moderately stout, strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli about l/2 the length
of the claws. Ovipositor short, the terminal segment somewhat swollen and

Dec, 1919.] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondack^. 289

apically a pair of short, tapering, narrowly rounded, thickly setose lobes. Type
Cecid. 1763.

Bremia sylvestris new species.

The male described below was taken September 15, 1917, at Keene
Valley, N. Y., by Mr. Howard Notman. It is related to B. borealis
Felt, from which it is most easily separated by the yellowish and dark
brown abdomen and the markedly shorter basal portion of the stem.

Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly
haired, dark brown, 14 segments, the fifth having stems with a length 3 and
i,Y2 times their diameters respectively. Terminal segment with a length six
times its diameter, the distal part of the stem slender and with a length 5 times
its diameter. Palpi : indistinct in the preparation. Mesonotum yellowish
brown. Scutellum, postscutellum and basal abdominal segments yellowish, the
third and following dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically.
Coxae and femora basally fuscous yellowish, the distal portion of femora and
tibiae dark straw, the tarsi darker. Claws short, stout, strongly curved, the
pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia : basal clasp segment moderately short, stout,
terminal clasp segment rather long, stout ; dorsal plate long, broad, divided, the
lobes tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, thickly clothed with short setae ;
ventral plate moderately long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the
rather broad lobes narrowly rounded. Style moderately short, stout. Type
Cecid. 1746.

Lobodiplosis borealis new species.

This interesting male was taken at Keene Valley, N. Y., Septem-
ber 4, 1917, by Mr. Howard Notman. It is easily distinguished from
L. acerina Felt by the subapical position of the broadly rounded lobe
on the basal clasp segment.

Male. — Length .9 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly
haired, reddish brown, 14 segments, the fifth having stems with a length 2
and 2^/2 times their diameters respectively. Terminal segment produced, the
basal portion of the stem with a length about four times its diameter, the dis-
tal part somewhat produced and irregularly fusiform. Palpi : first segment
irregular, the second a little longer, more slender, the third a little longer than
the second and the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third.
Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum fuscous yellowish. Postscutellum
darker. Abdomen rather thickly haired, dark brown, genitalia yellowish. Halteres
whitish transparent basally, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae fuscous yellowish.
Legs mostly dark brown. Genitalia: basal clasp segment rather long, mod-
erately broad and with a roundly quadrate and thickly setose subapical lobe ;
terminal clasp segment rather short, stout; dorsal plate short, broad, broadly

290 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

and roundly emarginate ; the lobes divergent and narrowly rounded ; ventral
plate long, moderately broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, both sparsely
setose. Type Cecid. 1753.

Mycodiplosis intermedia new species.

This species was taken by Mr. Howard Notman August 31, 1917,
at Keene Valley, N. Y. It is closely related to M. ccstiva Felt, from
which it is easily distinguished by the narrower ventral plate and the
distinctly irregularly rounded lobes of the dorsal plate. It is separa-
ble from M. obscura Felt by the distinct constriction of the basal
third of the distal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment and the
distinctly broader ventral plate.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antennae J/> longer than the body, thickly haired,
fuscous yellowish, 14 segments, the fifth having stems with a length 3 and 3J/2
times their diameters respectively. The distal node with a length 1 54 its
diameter and distinctly constricted at the basal third. Palpi : first segment
short, irregular, the second more than twice the length of the first, the third
a little longer, more slender and the fourth Y\ longer than the third and more
slender. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous
yellowish. Abdomen mostly dark brown, the basal segments and genitalia
fuscous yellowish. Halteres and coxae whitish transparent. The legs mostly
light straw. Claws long, strongly curved, slender, the anterior unidentate, the
pulvilli about Yz the length of the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment mod-
erately long, slender ; terminal clasp segment moderately stout ; dorsal plate
short, deeply and narrowly incised, the lobes broad, irregularly rounded and
sparsely setose; ventral plate long, moderately broad, roundly emarginate
apically. Type Cecid. 1784.

Mycodiplosis lenis new species.

This species was taken August 13, 1917, at Keene Valley, N. Y.,
by Mr. Howard Notman. It is closely related to M. robusta Felt,
from which it is most easily separated by the markedly different color
characters, the distinctly less produced internal angles of the lobes
of the dorsal plate and the longer stems of the fifth antennal segment.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly
haired, fuscous yellowish, 14 segments, the fifth having stems with a length 3
and zTA times their diameters respectively, the distal enlargement with a length
over y2 greater than its diameter and distinctly constricted at the basal third ;
terminal segment greatly produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length
five times its diameter, the distal enlargement cylindric, with a length four
times its diameter and apically with a long finger-like process. Palpi: first

Dec, 1919.] Felt: New Gall Midges from the Adirondacks. 291

segment short, irregular, the second more than twice the length of the first,
somewhat dilated, the third a little longer, more slender and the fourth still
longer and somewhat dilated apically. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum
and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen thickly haired, mostly yellow-
ish brown, yellowish basally, genitalia yellowish orange, slightly fuscous api-
cally. Halteres yellowish transparent, fuscous subapically. Coxae pale yellow-
ish. Legs mostly dark straw. Claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pul-
villi about J^ the length of the claws. Genitalia: basal clasp segment moder-
ately stout; terminal clasp segment rather long, dorsal plate broad, deeply and
narrowly emarginate, the lobes roundly and obliquely emarginate, the distal
angles distinctly produced, the internal angles slight ; dorsal plate long, broad,
slightly constricted subapically, roundly emarginate distally. Type Cecid.
1-83.

Hyperdiplosis insolens new species.

The male was taken by Mr. Howard Notman August 26, 1917, at
Keene Valley, X. Y., and is provisionally referred to this genus. It
is easily recognized by the extremely short basal portion of the stem
of the fifth antennal segment, the triangular emargination of the
dorsal plate and the somewhat heavily chitinized harpes suggesting
the condition in Lobodiplosis. It falls in the series with H. eupatorii
Felt and H. americana Felt.

Male. — Length .75 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly
haired, yellowish brown, 14 segments, the fifth having stems with a length y2
and twice their diameters respectively, the distal enlargement subcylindrical,
with a length about twice its diameter, the circumfili moderately long, the
loops having a length about equal to the diameter of the enlargement; ter-
minal segment, basal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter, the
distal enlargement with a length three times its diameter and apically a long,
irregular finger-like process. Palpi : first segment with a length about twice
its diameter, the second nearly twice the length of the first, the third a little
longer than the second and the fourth a little longer than the third. Meso-
notum dark reddish brown. Scutellum pale yellowish. Postscutellum darker.
Abdomen brownish yellow, genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish
transparent. Legs mostly dark straw. Claws moderately long, curved at nearly
right angles, the pulvilli less than half the length of the claws. Genitalia : basal
clasp segment long, stout, and apically with a short, spined lobe suggestive of
that in Lobodiplosis ; terminal clasp segment moderately long, stout, dorsal
plate moderately long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes
triangular and sparsely setose; ventral plate shorter, broadly and roundly
emarginate, the lobes short, broad and narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1769.

292 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Lestodiplosis satiata new species.

This species is an extreme form, placed here, though the prolonga-
tion of several dorsal loops of the circumfili suggest a relationship to
Aphidoletes. The male was collected August 28, 1917, by Mr.
Howard Notman at Keene Valley, N. Y. It falls in the key near L.
triangularis Felt and L. asclepice Felt, from both of which it is readily
distinguished by characters given below.

Male. — Length 1 mm. Antenna; more than twice the length of the body,
thickly haired, mostly pale yellowish, the two basal antennal segments and
most of the basal enlargements of the others somewhat fuscous ; 14 segments,
the fifth having stems each with a length 2]^ times its diameter; one or more
dorsal loops of the circumfili greatly produced and with a length fully twice
that of the normal loops; terminal segments produced, the basal portion of the
stem with a length about six times its diameter, the distal enlargement sub-
cylindrical, somewhat expanded distally and apically forming an obtuse cone.
Palpi : first segment irregular, the second about twice the length of the first,
the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer
than the third. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellow-
ish brown. Abdomen mostly dark brown. Wings rather indistinctly spotted
with fuscous, iridescent spots. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxae and legs
mostly dark brown, the distal portion of femora, the distal and basal thirds
of tibiae, the distal half of the second tarsal segment and the third, fourth, and
fifth tarsal segments mostly yellowish. Claws rather long, slender, slightly
curved, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal lobe of the
somewhat slender basal clasp segment unusually small, dorsal plate short,
deeply and narrowly emarginate, the lobes broad, irregularly rounded and
setose ; dorsal plate moderately long, broad, broadly rounded and thickly
setose apically. Type Cecid. 1775.

NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF BEMBIDIUM.

By Howard Notman.
Brooklyn, N. Y.

In a paper on some coleoptera collected at Cochrane, Ontario
(Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXVII, p. 92), the writer described a
species of Bembidium to which he gave the name B. lengi. A further
study of the descriptions of related species and the collection of more
material indicate some points of interest worthy of mention.

Dec-> J9i9-] Notman : Bembidium. 293

In the Fauna Boreali Americana (Vol. IV, p. 57) Kirby described
a Bembidium (Notaplms) nigripes. This species seems satisfactorily
identified as a small black-legged form allied to B, patruele and B.
posticum. A large series was collected at Cochrane where it is
abundant. Mannerheim later described a different species, taking it
for Kirby's (Bull. Mosc, No. 2, 1852, p. 300). Leconte discovered
this error and named the species described by Mannerheim, B. incre-
matum (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i860, p. 316). He says: "The
Russian American (species) described as B. nigripes (Kirby) by Man-
nerheim, is totally different, being much larger, with the pale bands
of the elytra very badly defined and the epipleurae pale, resembling
(in) these characters B. indistiiictum Dej. from California; it differs,
however, from that species by the thorax being more strongly mar-
gined, with the posterior angles more rectangular and prominent, and
the basal carinae very distinct ; the dorsal line and impressions are
likewise deeper. In all these respects it agrees with B. approximation
Lee, but differs by the punctures of the elytral striae being larger and
less closely placed. The femora are dark : in B. approximatum the
legs are usually pale, though sometimes dark, in B. indistinctum they
are always pale. The species will hereafter be known as B. incre-
matum; it differs from all the allied species by the seventh elytral
stria being obliterated and represented only by punctures."

In the Coleoptera of Michigan (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, XVII, p.
594) Leconte described B. arcnatum. He says : " Prothorax wider
than long, rounded on the sides, strongly sinuate behind, base as wide
as the apex; hind angles rectangular, carinate; basal impressions
deep, dorsal line well-impressed, transverse impressions feeble.
Elytra elongate-oval." Then following the description : " Marquette,
Lake Superior. This species resembles B. flammnlatum (denteUum)
of Europe, but is wider and less convex. It also greatly resembles
B. incrematnm Lee. from Cal., Oregon and Alaska, but the latter has
the elytral markings undefined, and the striae finer and less strongly
punctured."

Hay ward in his paper on the genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IX,
P- 97) gives descriptions of two species: B. graciliforme, described as
new, and B. dentellum Thunb. The latter he states to be identical
with incrematnm Lee. and arcuatum Lee. Hayward's two species are
easily recognized in a series of 79 specimens collected by the writer

294 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxyii.

at various localities in New York State. Dentellum is distinguished
by its broader, more parallel form, rufous legs — femora frequently
piceous medially — and thorax with sides less strongly curved and base
as wide as or slightly wider than the apex ; graciliforme by its elon-
gate-oval form, testaceous legs, thorax broader and larger, with sides
more strongly curved and margins wider, base slightly narrower than
the apex.

A study of Leconte's descriptions and the two European speci-
mens of dentellum now at hand makes it seem probable that Hayward
was wrong in the naming of both of these species. The thorax in
the European specimens is broader and flatter with the sides more
strongly rounded; they seem very distinct. Also Leconte's descrip-
tion of arcuatum agrees better with the species described by Hay-
ward as graciliforme, than it does with the dentellum of the latter
author, for he says, " thorax strongly sinuate behind " and the elytra
"elongate-oval"; neither of these phrases could be used so fittingly
for the specimens at hand believed to be dentellum (Hayw.), in which
the sides of the thorax are feebly sinuate and the elytra rather broad
and oblong. It seems that Hayward may have been influenced by
the above quoted description of Leconte's which is probably mis-
printed. As it stands it reads, "This species {arcuatum) resembles
B. flammulatum (dentellum) of Europe, but is wider and less con-
vex." This sentence is unintelligible taken in connection with the
specimens. If, however, the last clause be changed to read, "but
(the latter — namely, dentellum) is wider and less convex," the de-
scription agrees with the specimens and with Hayward's description
of graciliforme. The species, therefore, which Hayward calls den-
tellum is probably neither that species nor arcuatum. It might be
incrematum; nothing in the original description of the latter conflicts,
but in the portion of the description of arcuatum quoted, Leconte
states that the striae are finer and less strongly punctured in incre-
matum. Hayward makes no distinction in this respect between the
two species he describes, nor is any such difference to be found in the
specimens at hand. It seems probable that incrematum is allied to
approximation and indistinctum in which the striation is distinctly
finer.

Colonel Casey, in his recent work on this genus (Mem. Col., VIII,
1918, p. 117), does not apparently recognize Hayward's species. He

Dec-> '9I9-1 Notman : Bembidium. 295

describes a species which he calls arcuatum Lee. and makes gracili-
forme a variety of it. In view of the author's well-known inclina-
tions it is probable that specimens of Hayward's dentellum were not
included in his material, especially since he makes no mention of the
difference in the color of the legs, a difference which holds true
throughout the series of 79 specimens collected by the writer in many
localities in New York state during two seasons.

It seems, therefore, that Hayward has described a new species
under the impression that he was describing dentellum, Thunb. re-
peating Mannerheim's error noted above, that the writer has rede-
scribed this species as B. lengi in the paper referred to and that the
species may be properly called by the latter name until further evi-
dence is produced.

That arcuatum (graciliformc Hayw.) and lengi (dentellum
Hayw.) are distinct species is supported by differences in habitat.
The specimens of lengi taken in the Adirondacks Mountains were ob-
tained by pouring water over leaves and drift among alders on a river
sand bar: the specimens collected at Waterville, N. Y., were found
along the upper edge of a sloping river sand bank, close to the grass,
into which they run unless approached with great caution. Arcua-
tum is found most abundantly often in company with B. assimile in
low, moist woods in leaves on ground recently under water and not
yet dry. Lengi shows a decided preference for higher altitudes ; the
elevation at Waterville is 1,200 feet and at the locality in the Adiron-
dack Mountains nearly 2,000 feet.

The following three species collected in the Adirondack Mts.,
N. Y., are believed to be new :

Bembidium occultator new species.

Form moderately convex, oblong, sub-parallel, somewhat elongate ; color
black throughout with faint greenish bronze lustre, stronger on the head and
thorax. Head finely but distinctly alutaceous ; thorax similar but with the disk
obsoletely alutaceous and strongly shining; elytra strongly shining. Head as
broad as long, three fourths the width of the thorax and slightly wider than
the thorax at apex ; eyes strongly convex prominent ; frontal grooves single,
parallel, arcuate, rather broad and indefinite, not continuous with the clypeal
grooves which are narrow, deep, arcuate and terminate in front in foveae
distant from the anterior margin ; antennae about one half the total length of
the body, joints more than twice as long as wide; men turn tooth distinct,
rounded at tip. Thorax less than one third wider than long, as wide at base

296 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1VoL xxvii.

as at apex, slightly more than two thirds the width of the elytra ; slightly
emarginate at apex, the sides moderately arcuate in front, oblique and just
perceptibly sinuate behind ; posterior angles obtuse ; transverse impressions
strong, indistinctly rugose ; median line strong, distinctly impressed, abbre-
viated at either end, basal f oveae large, bistriate ; posterior angles strongly
carinate ; side margins rather broad with reflexed edges. Elytra one half
longer than wide, humeri indistinctly angulate, sides sub-parallel to the middle
thence broadly and evenly arcuate to the apex ; striae fine, entire, impunctate,
the fifth strongly at apex, the sixth and seventh obsolescent, the eighth not
distinct from the margin, intervals slightly convex basally on the disk; the
third stria with the first dorsal puncture slightly more than one third from the
base, the second slightly less than one third from the apex. Length 4 mm.,
width 1.25 mm. 1 <J\

Meadow Pond, Mt. Redfield, Essex Co., N. Y., 19 July, 1919, 3000
ft. elev.

This species resembles B. grapei somewhat in form. The elytral
striation is that of B. planiuscitlum and B. simplex. In Hayward's
synopsis it would be placed in the group planatum and would be dis-
tinguished from quadrifove olatum Mann, and mceklini Lee. by its
narrower thorax. In Col Casey's revision it should probably be
placed next viator (Mem. Col. VIII, p. 31) from which species it
would differ by its narrower and differently shaped thorax and en-
tirely impunctate elytral striae.

The specimen was collected among sparse grass on a muddy sand
bar.

The relationship of the following two species are shown in synoptic
form:

A. Legs pale ; size very small.

B. Head alutaceous ; elytra uniform in color musicola Hayw.

BB. Head not alutaceous ; elytra with basal and basal half of side margins

ruf o-testaceous semicinctum Ntm.

(Bull. Bkln. Ent. Soc. XIV p. 129)
AA. Legs dark ; size moderately small.

B. Form broad ; thorax H wider than long ; elytra piceous.

quadratulum n. sp.
BB. Form elongate ; thorax % wider than long ; elytra black.

proximum n. sp.

Bembidium quadratulum new species.

Form short, sub-parallel, strongly convex ; color black slightly aeneous,
strongly shining; basal joint of the antennae, the legs and elytra dark piceous;

Dec-> ^i^] Notman : Bembidium. 297

head and thorax not alutaceous. Head as broad as long, three fourths the
width of the thorax, slightly wider than the thorax at apex ; eyes strongly
convex prominent ; frontal grooves single, parallel, rather strongly marked,
extending to the clypeal suture ; clypeus with a large fovea either side, indis-
tinctly connected with the frontal grooves; antennae short, not quite as long as
the head and thorax, joints less than twice as long as wide; mentum tooth
acute. Thorax one third wider than long, not narrower at base than apex, two
thirds the width of the elytra, scarcely emarginate at apex, sides strongly
rounded anteriorly, oblique and slightly sinuate posteriorly, becoming parallel
for a short distance in front of the posterior angles which are sharply rec-
tangular ; transverse impressions very indistinct ; median line rather fine, feebly
impressed, abbreviated at either end ; basal foveae, large, deep, bistriate, nearly
smooth ; posterior angles strongly carinate ; margin narrow, finely reflexed.
Elytra one third longer than wide, humeri rounded, sides parallel and feebly
arcuate to the apical third, thence obtusely rounded to the apex; striae obso-
lete with the exception of the sutural which becomes deep on the apical third
and is continued around the apex joining the eighth which becomes confluent
with the margin at basal fourth. The position of the striae is occupied by
rows of coarse, closely placed punctures all of which become obsolete on
apical third ; the second almost reaches the apex. The punctures of the first
two rows are smaller and more closely placed ; the seventh row ends at the
middle. The third interval with two dorsal punctures near the third stria ;
the first at basal third, the second at apical third. Length 3.75 mm., width
1.5 mm. 1 5-

Moss Pond, Mt. Redfield, Essex Co., N. Y. 17 July, 1919. 4300
ft. elev.

Bembidium proximum new species.

This species greatly resembles the foregoing. It is more slender in form.
The elytra are black. The antennae are very slightly more slender. The
thorax is one fourth wider than long; the base is slightly narrower than the
apex and the sides more strongly rounded in front. The elytra are one half
longer than wide, elongate-oval with the sides evenly arcuate from the base
to the apex. Length 3.75 mm., width 1.3 mm. 1 <£.

Moss Pond, Mt. Redfield, Essex Co., N. Y. 17 July, 1919.

These two specimens were collected on a flat partially moss-
covered ledge of rock in the heaver meadow in which the above pond
is located.

298 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

THE BEES OF PEACEFUL VALLEY, COLORADO.

By T. D. A. Cockerell,
Boulder, Colo.

During the last week of August, 1918, having no holiday this sum-
mer, my wife and I ventured to retire for four days to Peaceful Valley,
in the mountains of Boulder County. It is a deep valley running east
and west, with steep wooded sides, the altitude at the bottom about
8,000 feet above sea level. The biota is characteristically boreal, the
plants including such genera as Linncca, Pyrola, Achillea, Anten-
naria, Dasytephana, Vaccinium, Arnica, Veronica, etc. It is above
the zone of sun-flowers, but a solitary Helianthus lenticularis, of
small stature, had developed from some accidentally dropped seed,
and was blooming cheerfully. Weeds are not very abundant, but
there is a large patch of Gccrtneria tomentosa (Nutt.) Heller. The
principal bee-flowers were found to be Phacclia hctcrophylla Pursh
and Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall ; they are cited below by the generic
names only. At one spot, patches of Phacelia, Heliomeris and Mo-
narda grew close together, and it was interesting to note that their
bee-visitors were almost all different. Galls of Rhodites tubercidator
Ckll. were found on the roses. The common butterflies included
Basilarchia wcidemeycri Edw., Euvanessa antiopa L., Pieris rapec
L., Eurymus alexandra Edw., etc. Few moths were caught ; the most
interesting were Autographa angulidcns Smith and Crambidia casta
Sanborn. The coccid Orthczia occidentalis Dougl. was common; it
seems to be specially attached to Fragaria. Among wasps the curious
Crabro latipes Smith was taken. The bee-fauna proved unusually
interesting, including the following species :

Prosopis gaigei Ckll. 2 2, at Phacelia (W. P. Cockerell). New
to Colorado.

Prosopis elliptica Kirby. 1 5, Aug. 27.

Andrena apacheorum Ckll. 1 5, Aug. 25.

Halictus cressonii Rob. Both sexes ; all at flowers of Heliomeris,
except one female from Phacelia.

Halictus ruidosensis Ckll. Both sexes. Male at Phacclia (W.
P. C).

Dec, 1919.] Cockerell: Bees of Peaceful Valley. 299

Halictus euryceps Ellis. 2 J, at PJiacelia, Aug. 26 (W. P. C).

Halictus hemimelas Ckll. 1 J, Aug. 25. New to Colorado. The
abdomen is strongly brassy-greenish ; the type, from Xew Mexico,
has the abdomen faintly bronzy or greenish. In all other respects,
the Colorado specimen agrees with hemimelas, and I am confident
that it is the same species.

Halictus synthyridis Ckll. 1 J*.

Halictus (Chloralictus) phaceliarum new species.

Female. — Length about 6.5 mm.; robust, with broad head, and eyes not
much converging below ; face and front olive-green, the front dull and granular,
clypeus mainly black ; cheeks and metathorax blue-green, the latter shining,
with a steely lustre, with minute punctures, sparse on disc; antennae dark, the
flagellum partly red beneath toward apex ; hair of face and thorax above
tinged with yellow, of cheeks and pleura clear white ; area of metathorax
large, with an oblique raised line at sides ; surface of area with delicate but
conspicuous plicae, complete at sides, but in middle weak and running into a
reticulation which does not reach the hind margin ; tegulae smooth, brownish
black; wings very faintly grayish, stigma and nervures pale dull reddish-
testaceous ; legs black, tarsi brownish at apex ; hind spur with long spines ;
abdomen polished, black (including hind margins of segments), not at all
metallic; third and following segments (third sparingly on disc), and sides
of second, covered with grayish pruinose pubescence.

Peaceful Valley, Colo., Aug. 26, 1918, at flowers of Phacelia, col-
lected by W. P. Cockerell.

Variety a. Mesothorax olive green; wings slightly reddish.

Peaceful Valley, Aug. 27 (T. D. A. Cockerell).

Closely related to H. subconnexus Ellis, but the sculpture of meta-
thoracic area is much more delicate, the eyes converge less below, and
the abdomen is without metallic tints.

There are also in the collection several small species of Halictus
represented only by males. They do not agree with any identified
males, but they may have been described from females, as numerous
species are known only in that sex at present.

CaUiopsis coloradensis Cresson. 1 $> Aug. 27, at Chrysopsis.

Perdita affinis Cresson. 1 5, Aug. 27, at Chrysopsis.

Panurginus porterae Ckll. 2 J\ Aug. 26, at Hcliomcris.

Halictoides oryx Viereck. Both sexes; females at Hcliomeris.

Pseudomelecta interrupta rociadensis Ckll. One. Aug. 26.

300 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoi. xxvil.

Triepeolus helianthi pacificus new subspecies. One male, Aug. 26
(W. P. Cockerell).

I find that the western forms related to T. helianthi are at least
subspecifically distinct; the differences are indicated in the following
table :

Triepeolus Robertson.

About 10 mm. long, with a delicate median line on clypeus 1

Much larger; about 13 mm. long, anterior wing 9.5 mm.; no trace of a line on
clypeus ; anterior margin of pleura below transverse band hairy ; sides of
front above with a small punctureless area, but it is not highly polished.
(Both sexes, the male the type, at flowers of Cirsium acaulescens, Floris-
sant, Colo., July 29, collected by S. A. Rohwer ; also a female collected
by W. Porter near San Ignacio, New Mexico) . .grandior new subspecies.
1. Anterior margin of pleura below the transverse band without hairs ; upper
part of front at sides without shining spaces (Illinois) ... .helianthi Rob.
Anterior margin of pleura below the transverse band broadly hairy ; upper
part of front on each side with a smooth polished space.

pacificus new subspecies.

Melissodes grindelise Ckll. Females ; one at Grindelia.

Anthophora montana Cresson. Females; one at Monarda (W.
P. C).

Anthophora smithii Cresson. 1 J\ at Monarda (W. P. C).

Anthidium emarginatum Say. Both sexes at Phacelia, abundant
(W. P. C).

Anthidium porterae Ckll. 1 J, Aug. 27.

Osmia fulgida Cresson. Females common at Phacelia (W. P. C).

Osmia armaticeps Cresson. One female at Phacelia, Aug. 26 (W.
P. C).

Osmia wardiana Ckll. One female at Phacelia, Aug. 26 (W. P. C).

Osmia copelandica Ckll. Four females at Phacelia, Aug. 26 (W.
P. C).

Monumetha albifrons Kirby. One female at Phacelia, Aug. 26
(W. P. C).

Bombus juxtus Cresson. Workers at Phacelia and Helianthus
lenticularis.

Bombus bifarius Cresson. Worker at Heliomeris, Aug. 26.

On the way to and from Peaceful Valley, we had occasion to spend
a few hours at Puzzler, alt. 8,700 feet. The bees caught here were
Anthidium tenuiflorse Ckll., Melissodes grindeliae Ckll., Megachile rela-
tiva Cresson, and a few others not yet examined.

Dec, 1919.] Bequaert: New Nemestrinid Fly. 301

A NEW NEMESTRINID FLY FROM CENTRAL TEXAS.

By J. Bequaert,
New York City.

For some time past, I have gathered notes on the North American
species of the dipterous family Xemestrinidx, my interest in the group
having been aroused by the capture of several specimens during the
Cornell Biological Expedition of 1917. Through the kindness of
some of my entomological friends I have been able to study much
valuable material, including all but one of the species known from
America north of Panama. Certain peculiarities of this family, how-
ever, render the examination of large series of specimens and the
comparison of species from different regions imperative, before its
classification can be established on a safe basis. I hope to have time
and opportunity to do this in the near future; meanwhile, it seems
necessary to publish the description of the following new species,
since it has been distributed to several public and private collections.

Hirmoneura bradleyi new species.*

Type female from Anhalt, Comal Co., Texas, June 28, 1917 (J.
Bequaert Coll.), collection of the American Museum of Natural
History.

A large-sized, black and rufous or dark brown species, with feeble pilosity;
the dorsum of the thorax with conspicuous longitudinal bands, alternately brown
and gray pruinose ; the abdomen above with white pollinose transverse fasciae
alternating with dark brown bands ; antennae and palpi brownish-red ; legs
yellowish-brown, hind tibiae dark brown, hind tarsi black; eyes bare, broadly
separated on the front in both sexes ; wings with two submarginal cells only ;
the second submarginal and the second posterior cells broadly open on the
margin.

Female. — Integument dark colored, blackish-brown to black, more brown-
ish-red in places and the limits between the different tinges ill-defined, varying
from one specimen to another; in some, the abdomen is extensively rufous,

1 Named for my esteemed friend Prof. J. Chester Bradley, of the Depart-
ment of Entomology, Cornell University, successful leader of the Cornell Bio-
logical Expedition, which during the months of June, July and August, Kjr-,
crossed the United States by automobile; the species described herewith was
taken on this journey.

502

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

while in others it is clove-brown or almost entirely black. Antennae, palpi and
mouth-parts brownish-red. Legs light orange-yellow ; the hind tibiae and the
apex of the hind femora clove-brown, the hind tarsi almost black.

Body feebly pilose, almost bare in general appearance above and often
somewhat shining where the pruinosity is rubbed. Vertex and front covered
with erect black hairs of medium length; the pilosity on the two basal joints
of the antennae, the palpi and the face pale ochraceous', grayish-white along the
posterior orbits ; the third antennal joint bare ; a pale yellow bloom, easily
lost, covers the integument of the head. Dorsum of the thorax with short,
sparse, black hairs, except on the sidesi, where the pilosity is dense, long and
soft, pale ochraceous ; a long, dense tuft of dirty gray hair behind the inser-
tion of the wing. Scutellum almost bare on its disc, its posterior margin
fringed with pale yellowish pilosity. On the under side of the thorax the
hairs are short, much scattered, grayish-white. The integument of the thorax
is covered above and below with a bright grayish to white bloom, which forms
on the dorsum four broad longitudinal bands of almost equal width and dis-
tinctly limited by five dull brown pollinose stripes ; the bloom of the dark
bands is often partly rubbed so that they are more or less shining ; of the
brown bands the median one is about twice as wide as the others and ends
a short distance before the scutellum, the inner lateral pair reaches the scu-
tellum, while the outer lateral pair ends before the base of the wing and is less

Hirmoneura bradleyi Bequaert.

well denned being partly hidded in the long lateral pilosity. Abdomen with
very feeble tomentum, except on the first tergite and on the basal half of the
second where the pilosity is long and dense, yellowish-gray ; the remainder of
the upper side bears only a few scarcely visible, short, reclining hairs, which
are black in the middle and pale yellowish on the extreme sides ; the pubes-

Dec, 1919.] Bequaert: New Nemestrinid Fly. 303

cence at the under side is moderately long, scattered, appressed, yellowish-
gray. The segments behind the fourth which constitute the rectractile ovi-
positor, bear numerous black, erect hairs. A dense grayish-white bloom covers
the entire under side of the abdomen and forms on the dorsal face four
sharply defined fasciae, separated from one another by slightly broader dark
transverse bands; these dark bands are covered with a feeble brownish bloom
which is readily rubbed, so that the bands arc more or less shining. The first
tergite is yellowish pollinose with a narrow apical brown band. The second
tergite has four fasciae, alternately pale and brown ; the basal band is quite
white and of about the same width throughout, while the median fascia is
more grayish and slightly widened toward the sides ; the apical brown band
is broader than any of the other three fasciae. On the third and fourth tergites
the pale band is grayish-white, slightly broader than the pale fasciae of tergite
two and situated close to the basal margin, the basal brown band being very
narrow and furthermore often partly retracted beneath the apical margin of
the preceding segment. The ovipositor is brownish pruinose, except toward
the base of its first tergite which is in part feebly grayish pollinose. Legs
densely covered with short, ochraceous hairs, those on the hind tibiae and hind
tarsi black.

Head large, slightly broader than the thorax, a little higher than broad
seen in front, almost hemispherical in profile. Front widest above the antennae,
the inner orbits very feebly convergent toward the vertex and a little more so
toward the oral depression ; at the vertex the front is about one third of the
total length of each eye. Ocellar protuberance elongate, very large, deeply
separated from the inner orbits by a lateral groove, confluent with the front
below. Posterior ocelli much closer to each other than to the anterior ocellus
which is slightly smaller. Eyes bare. Antennae short, small, placed closer to
the inner orbits than to each other; their basal joint subcylindrical, gradually
but feebly widened from its base to its straightly truncate apex, as long as
the two following joints together; second joint transverse, subtruncate at base
and apex, about one and a half times as thick as long; third joint flattened,
pear-shaped, one and one half times the length of the second, almost as broad
at the base as long, gradually attenuated toward its obtuse apex, which bears
the style. Style about as long as the entire antenna, distinctly three-jointed ;
its two basal joints short and thick, together about the length of the second
antennal joint; the basal joint much the shortest. Front distinctly swollen
below, gradually sloping toward the vertex, much more abruptly so toward the
antennae. Face with a feeble median protuberance above the oral margin,
separated from the lower inner orbits by two deep grooves which run nearly to
the base of the antennae and in which the palpi are partly concealed. Pro-
boscis short and thick, with soft, broad, fleshy labella, usually retracted within
a deep excavation of the lower half of the face. Palpi very long, slender
throughout, rather suddenly attenuated and pointed at their apex, two-jointed,
the basal joint extremely short. Body rather broad and flattened. Dorsum
of the thorax about as broad as long; the transverse suture feebly marked on

304 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvii.

the sides. Scutellum semi-oval, cushion-shaped, its posterior margin distinctly
though feebly swollen and separated from the disc by an impressed line.
Abdomen oval, its four basal segments together slightly longer than the
thorax ; first tergite very short, the second much the longest, the third and
fourth about of the same length (two thirds that of the second). Ovipositor
of the telescope-shaped type, composed of five segments which can be extended
to a considerable length or partially retracted within one another ; the basal
segment is much narrower than the fourth abdominal tergite, the following
segments are gradually narrowed, the apical one ending in two slender, straight
lamellae which are obtusely rounded at their tips.

Wings long and narrow, over four times as long as wide, over twice the
length of the abdomen and slightly longer than the entire body (not includ-
ing the ovipositor) ; feebly smoky all over, brownish-yellow at the base and
in the costal and subcostal cells. Costa distinct along the entire hind margin
of the wing and reached by the diagonal vein. Only two submarginal cells
present, there being no cross-vein connecting the second and third longitudinal
veins. All the submarginal and first three posterior cells broadly open on the
costa. Anal cell broadly open. Alula well developed, broad.

Measurements of the type: length not including the ovipositor (to apex
of tergite 4), 12.5 mm.; length of wing, 14.5 mm.; width of wing, 3.5 mm.

In other females the length (not including the ovipositor) varies from 11
to 14 mm.

Male. — Except for the usual sexual differences, very similar to the female.
The vertex is of the same width as in that sex. The markings of thorax and
abdomen are the same ; the sixth tergite is feebly gray pruinose at the base.

Measurements of the allotype: length, 11 mm.; length of wing, 14.5 mm.;
width of wing, 3.5 mm.

In other males the length varies between 12.5 and 14 mm.

I have examined a number of specimens (15 $ and 9 J1) and can
find but little difference between them, except in size and coloration
as mentioned above, and in certain details of the wing venation.
The peculiarities of the venation included in the above description
apply to all the specimens. In some of them, a short anterior cross-
vein connects the discoidal and the first submarginal cells, while in
others this vein is very much reduced or altogether absent. Also in
some the discoidal cell touches the fifth posterior cell, while in others
these two cells are separated by a distinct though short cross-vein.
These and some other minor discrepancies are combined in various
ways, as for instance in the specimen figured.

In addition to the type and allotype, a number of topotypes of
both sexes have been examined and have been distributed among the
following collections: Entomological Department of Cornell Univer-

Dec, i9i9-] Bequaert: New Nemestrinid Fly. 305

sity, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Museum of the
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, private collection of Prof.
Jas. S. Hine, Mr. C. W. Johnson and of the author.

Paratypes (2 J) from Helotes, Bexar Co., Texas, July 1, 1917 (J.
Bequaert Coll.), in the author's collection.

The North American Nemestrinidas usually placed in Hirmoneura
belong to three very distinct groups, which must, I believe, be treated
as genera. H. clausa Osten-Sacken is the type of Parasymmictus
Bigot,2 which should be considered a valid genus, not merely on
account of its eyes (bare, dichoptic in the male) and the peculiarities
of the venation (three submarginal cells, the third of which is closed;
second posterior cell closed), but more so because the proboscis is
aborted, hardly visible, without fleshy labella ; furthermore, the palpi
are minute and the base of the wing has no alula. H. tcxana Cock-
erell and H. brevirostris Macquart belong in Hyrmophlxrba Rondani3
(type: H. brevirostris): there are three submarginal cells and the
eyes- are in both sexes holoptic and densely pilose. H. flavipcs Wil-
liston, H. psilotes Osten-Sacken and H. bradleyi agree with the type
of Hirmoneura Meigen,4 H. obscura Meigen, in having only two sub-
marginal cells in the wings and dichoptic eyes in both male and
female. In H. obscura, however, the eyes are distinctly though
shortly pilose,5 whereas they are completely bare in the three Ameri-
can species just mentioned. This difference is in my opinion of suffi-
cient importance to warrant the making of a new subgenus for these
North and Central American forms; moreover, further comparative
study may bring to light additional distinguishing characters between
these and the typical Hirmoneura, which are thus far unknown in
North America.

The North and Central American so-called " Hirmoneura " may
then be separated as follows :

1. Proboscis very small, aborted, hardly visible, without fleshy labella ; palpi
minute ; wings with three submarginal cells, without alula ; eyes bare,
dichoptic in the male (? unknown) Parasymmictus Bigot.

2 Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), IX, 1879, Bull., p. lxvii.

3 Archivio per la Zoologia, Modena, III, pt. 1, 1863, p. 51.

4 Syst. Beschreib. Europ. Zweifl. Ins., II, 1820, p. 132.

5 Lichtwardt, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1909, p. 514.

306 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

a. Black ; densely covered with long, erect, yellowish-white pile, which is
feebly reclining along the apical margins of the abdominal tergites ;
third submarginal and second posterior cells closed and long petiolate
before the margin of the wing; length, $ : 10.5-12 mm.

P. clausus (Osten-Sacken).

Proboscis well-developed, short, broad and soft, ending in large, fleshy la-

bella ; palpi long and slender ; wings with broad alula ; ovipositor of

female telescope-shaped 2

2 Three submarginal cells ; eyes densely pilose, holoptic in both sexes.

Hyrmophlaeba Rondani.

a. Third submarginal cell closed and long petiolate before the margin of

the wing'; body densely hairy throughout, without pollinose bands ;

length 5, without ovipositor: 9.5 mm H. brevirostris (Macquart).

Third submarginal cell broadly open on the margin of the wing; body
densely pilose, without pollinose bands ; length J, without ovipositor :

11 mm.; J1: 11. 5-12 mm H. texana (Cockerell).

Two submarginal cells ; eyes dichoptic, broadly separated by the front in
both sexes •• • Hirmoneura Meigen 3

3 Eyes densely pilose Hirmoneura proper.

Eyes bare Neohirmoneura new subgenus.

(type: Hirmoneura flavipes Williston)
a. Thorax densely pilose, the integument covered with a uniform yellowish-
gray bloom, without bands ; abdomen moderately hairy, brownish-
gray pruinose ; a white pollinose band at the base of tergite two, be-
yond it a broader brown band ; hind legs entirely yellowish-red ;
length 9, without ovipositor: 13 mm.; J1: 13.5 mm.

H. flavipes Williston.
Thorax with yellowish hairs longer on the sides, and with a brownish-
yellow pollen ; abdomen with a brownish pollen which is darker on
the posterior half of tergites 2, 3, 4 (these segments thus showing
slight traces of darker cross-bands) ; the base of the abdomen with
longer, pale yellowish-rufous hairs ; the posterior half of segment 2,
as well as the two following segments, beset with short semicrest
black hairs ; legs pale rufous, hind femora slightly brownish at the
tip, hind tarsi brown; length J, without ovipositor: 13 mm. (^ un-
known) H. psilotes Osten-Sacken.

Body feebly pilose, except at the sides of the thorax and at the base
of the abdomen ; thorax with conspicuous longitudinal brown and
gray pollinose bands ; abdomen above with transverse fasciae alter-
nately brown and white pollinose; legs yellowish-brown; the tips of
the hind femora, the hind tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black; length
9, without ovipositor: 11— 14 mm.; $ : 11— 14 mm.

H. bradleyi new species.

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid.e. 307

From the foregoing key it is apparent that the new species here
described belongs in the vicinity of H. flavipcs and H. psilotes.
From the former, of which I have seen a male specimen, it is easily
distinguished by the characters given in the key. I have not seen
the Mexican H. psilotes; to judge from the description, it comes very
close to H. bradleyi. No mention is made by Osten-Sacken of the
pollinose bands of thorax and abdomen which are so striking a fea-
ture of H. bradleyi; yet, it is not impossible that the unique specimen
of H. psilotes was poorly preserved and rubbed, so that the two spe-
cies may be more similar than would seem from the descriptions.

SYNONYMICAL AND OTHER NOTES ON SOME

SPECIES OF THE FAMILY CHRYSOMELID^

AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

By Chas. Shaeffer,
Brooklyn", X. Y.

The extent of variation of some species of the family Chrysome-
lidae as given in the latest revisions, etc., was never satisfactory to me.
Rearranging the material in some overcrowded boxes lately and study-
ing the species of some genera more critically I became fully con-
vinced that my surmise was correct and that some of the names placed
in synonymy or given as varieties at present have to be restored to
specific standing. However, I could do this in a very few instances
only, as the original descriptions are too poor and I could not see the
Leconte types at present. I will undertake a revision of at least two
of the genera, Donacia and Disonycha, in the near future.

Donacia s. g. Poecilocera new subgenus.

Our species of Donacia are divisible into the two recognized sub-
genera. Those of Mr. Leng's groups A, B, and C belong to Donacia
proper and those of group D to the subgenus Plateumaris Thorns.
These of the latter subgenus are more similar in form than those of
the subgenus Donacia and all possess a very good character in the dis-
tinct sinuation of the sutural margin of elytra near apex to separate

308 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

them readily.1 In Donacia harrisi we would have a disturbing ele-
ment if placed in either of the two subgenera. However, this species
possesses a unique character not present in any other species and that
is the third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth in both
sexes. In all our other species the third antennal joint is mostly
shorter than or subequal to the third. The head is scarcely con-
stricted behind causing the less prominence of the eyes ; the posterior
femora of the male are armed with one large tooth and several small
teeth or denticles on the inner margin and the hind tibiae are feebly
angulated internally about one third from apex, which may also be
termed feebly emarginate with a few, feeble denticles or tubercles
within the emargination. The female has the posterior femora mutic
and the posterior tibiae are not emarginate or subangulate near apex
but have the inner side more or less distinctly tuberculate, the tubercles
at most small. The posterior femora of both sexes are robust but
rather feebly clavate. The first ventral segment is a little longer than
the metasternum in both sexes and about as long as the next three
ventral segments.

The principal characters separating the three subgenera are :

i. Sutural margin of elytra entire to apex Donacia

Sutural margin of elytra distinctly sinuate near apex 2

2. Third antennal joint longer than fourth; head feebly constricted behind the
eyes ; posterior femora of male with a moderately large, acute tooth and
a variable number of denticles along the inner margin, posterior tibiae
feebly emarginate one third from apex, feebly tuberculate within the
emargination ; posterior femora of female mutic, posterior tibiae not
emarginate near apex but feebly tuberculate near the inner margin.
Vaginal plates of the female equal, subtruncate or feebly emarginate at
apex, both plates of equal size, that is, the lower one not longer and not

produced into a sharp point at middle Poecilocera

Third antennal joint shorter than fourth ; head strongly constricted behind
the eyes ; posterior femora of male with a single distinct tooth and no
denticles; posterior tibiae not emarginate near apex and without denticles
in either sex. Vaginal plates of the female subequal ; the upper one
narrower and shorter than the lower one, the latter produced at middle
of apex into a more or less sharp point, the edges either very finely or
coarsely serrated Plateumaris

1 Mr. Leng in his revision attributes this character to distincta also but I
am unable to see it in any of the numerous specimens which I have examined.

Dec-'"'"'-1 Shaeffer: Notes on Ciirysomki.hu. 309

The vaginal plates of the females of the species of the suhgenus
Plateumaris are easily seen and generally protruded and are different
from the species of the other two subgenera as far as I was able to
see them without dissection. The lower plate is much longer than the
upper and more or less obliquely narrowing to apex into a sharp point,
the sides rather sharp or finely and sometimes coarsely serrate which
would indicate that it is used as an ovipositor or rather a tool to make
slits in stems of plants in which the eggs are deposited; also a different
way of oviposition than those of the other species of Donacia which
have the plates similar to those of the females of the subgenus Pceci-
locera, described in the table. If the vaginal plates are similar in
structure in all the species of the subgenus Donacia it would perhaps
be justified to give Plateumaris generic standing as is done in Europe.
However, in a female of pubicollis the apex of lower plate protrudes
very faintly but seems to be sharply pointed.2

Donacia proxima Kirhy.
var. episcopalis Lac.
var. calif omica Lee.

Donacia proxima should perhaps be listed as more than a var. of
cincticornis, though it is more closely related to the latter than to any
other species. D. cincticornis has always much longer femora than
proxima, which in the male reach beyond the apex of the elytra, while
in proxima they extend only to the apex of the fourth ventral seg-
ment ; in the female of cincticornis the posterior femora extend to the
apex of the fourth ventral segment, in proxima to the third, the pro-
thorax is more transverse and the outer apical angle of elytra is gen-
erally broadly rounded in proxima.

I have a few specimens from X. Y., X. J. and Pa. which agree
closely with Lecordaire's description of D. episcopalis. It is placed
as a synonym of proxima but while closely related it seems entitled
to be recognized as a var. of proxima. It is always smaller, the pro-

- While this paper was in the hands of the printer, Mr. Schwarz in a letter
called my attention to his paper on the ovipositor of the females of the sub-
genus Plateumaris published in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. vol. Ill, p. 24, where
figures are given of the ovipositor of three different species. Fig. a, is what
I described further on as D. serricanda and the form of ovipositor is unique
as well as that of D. rufa (fig. b), the rest of the species have an ovipositor
similar to D. emarginata (fig. c).

310 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

thorax less transverse and more or less distinctly, though finely, alu-
taceous and often with exceedingly fine undulating ruga? on the disk;
the third antennal joint is generally relatively longer than in proxima.
It superficially resembles cincticomis, but the color of the upper sur-
face seems to be generally blue or blackish blue as in proxima, and
the prothorax is alutaceous and somewhat dull but shining in cincti-
comis, the posterior femora of both sexes are as in typical proxima;
that is, shorter than in cincticomis.

The var. calif omica agrees in all structural characters with
proxima but differs in having the upper surface entirely metallic
green, cupreous or seneous and the elytra more coarsely and closely
punctate. It seems to occur only in the West, the specimens which I
have seen are from Idaho, Br. Columbia and California.

Donacia magnifica Lee.

This with proxima is made a variety of cincticomis but is distinct
from either and should be given specific standing. The head and the
eyes are relatively smaller, the prothorax is of different form and
always rather coarsely punctate; the inner, smaller tooth of the
posterior femora of the male, distant in proxima and cincticomis, is
in magnifica very near and almost opposite the larger tooth and the
last dorsal segment of the female is shorter and rotundate-truncate
at apex.

Donacia rufescens Lac.

This is not a var. of hypoleuca Lee. but a distinct species. It is
always much smaller, prothorax relatively shorter and more trans-
verse, less distinctly alutaceous in the female, but more or less shin-
ing in the male. The elytra more or less shining in the male but dis-
tinctly alutaceous and dull in the female. The posterior femora are
shorter and more strongly clavate with a relatively stouter tooth and
the last ventral segment of the female is narrowly emarginate at
apex. The emargination of the last ventral segment of the females
of this species is unique and does not seem to occur in any of our
other species. It is variable, in some specimens the emargination is
deep, triangular in others faint. Fully colored females are blue or
greenish blue above.

In hypoleuca the prothorax in both sexes is distinctly alutaceous

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid.e. 311

and dull and nearly as long as wide and the elytra are very shining in
both sexes; the posterior femora of the male are moderately clavate
and extending beyond the apex of elytra, in the female to the apex of
the fourth ventral segment. The mesosternal process is longer and
more parallel than in rufescens and the last ventral is feebly sinuate-
truncate at apex.

Donacia texana Cr. is possibly also a good species and not a syn-
onym of hypolcuca if my identification of a specimen from New
Braunfels, Texas, as that species is correct. The third antennal joint
in this specimen is decidedly shorter than in hypoleuca the prothorax
shorter and more transverse with the posterior angles less prominent,
the posterior femora strongly clavate and the legs and antennae dark.
This specimen, a male, looks superficially much like palmata and has
the prothorax in form and sculpture very similar to that species but
the posterior femora are longer, armed with a single, acute tooth and
the first joint of anterior tarsi is not dilated.

Donacia parvidens new species.

Female. — Moderately elongate and slightly more robust than cincticornis.
Head and prothorax coppery bronze, elytra castaneous, shining with a more
or less distinct bluish tint; underside paler than the elytra and clothed densely
with short, silvery pubescence ; antennae black or piceous ; all the femora pale
but more or less blackish above, tibiae more or less blackish on outside. Head
feebly shining, closely punctate with moderate punctures, median line deeply
impressed; antennae moderate reaching back to about the middle of elytra,
third joint shorter than first but distinctly longer than the second, fourth
about as long as the first. Prothorax subquadrate, anterior angles distinct but
scarcely prominent, posterior angles moderately prominent, lateral tubercles
obsolete, lateral margin not narrowing from apex to about basal fourth, then
rather strongly convergent to base, sides moderately constricted at middle;
surface feebly shining, finely alutaceous, rather sparsely punctate with fine
punctures ; median line distinctly and moderately deeply impressed from apex
to base, near the latter a shallow, broad depression. Elytra depressed, a little
more than twice as long as wide at base ; surface shining, punctures of the
regular rows moderately large, intervals subconvex and scarcely strigose ; apex
truncate or subtruncate. Mesosternal process about a9 wide as long between
the coxae; posterior femora rather short, though slender, reaching to or a little
beyond the apex of the second ventral segment, feebly clavate and armed below
with a feeble tooth. Length 8.5 mm.

Male. — As usual with slightly longer posterior femora, the tooth a little
longer, slightly longer antennal joints, prothorax a little more shining and
scarcely alutaceous and mesosternal process a little narrower.

312 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Yaphank, Lg. Isld. (female type), Lahaway and Lakehurst, N. J.

I have seen ten specimens collected by myself at Yaphank and
Lahaway, by Messrs. Davis and Leng at Lahaway and at Lakehurst
by Mr. Davis.

This distinct species, for which I could not find a description, is apt
to be confused with cincticomis. However, the antennae are heavier,
the prothorax has a different shape and sculpture, the posterior
femora are much shorter and have only a single, feeble tooth in both
sexes, the last dorsal segment of the female is less elongate and sub-
truncate or broadly rounded at apex and the mesosternal process is
narrower than in cincticomis.

Donacia edentata new species.

Female. — Form depressed, nearly as in palmata but smaller. Head and
prothorax coppery bronze, the latter distinctly and very finely alutaceous and
dull ; elytra shining, castaneous with a more or less distinct bluish-green,
metallic tint ; underside paler, femora above more or less blackish ; antenna
dark above and pale beneath. Head densely punctate with moderate punc-
tures, median line deep, without frontal tubercles ; antennae reaching backwards
beyond the middle of elytra, third joint longer than second and a little shorter
than fourth but about equal in length to the first joint. Prothorax slightly
wider than long, sides more or less undulate ; anterior angles obtuse, not
prominent ; lateral tubercles obsolete ; basal angles moderately prominent ;
median line entire and deeply impressed ante-basal impression shallow ; sur-
face dull, finely alutaceous at middle, more coarsely so at sides, finely and
sparsely punctate. Elytra depressed, nearly four times as long as the pro-
thorax and a little longer than twice as long as wide at base ; apical angles
truncate ; punctures of the regular rows moderate, intervals smooth and shin-
ing, feebly convex. Body below very finely and densely punctate and covered
densely with short white pubescence. Posterior femora moderately elongate
and rather feebly clavate, without tooth. Mesosternal process slightly longer
than wide. Last ventral segment broadly rounded at apex ; last dorsal moder-
ately elongate, narrowing to apex, the latter narrowly truncate or rotundate-
truncate. Length 9 mm.

Male. — Smaller and slightly narrower, with longer antennal joints and
posterior femora, the latter also without tooth; last dorsal truncate-emarginate
at apex. Length 7 mm.

Crum Lake, N. Y. (Wm. T. Davis), Centerton, N. J. (Chas. Lie-
back), found on Nymphcca odorata by Mr. Wm. T. Davis.

This species is very distinct from any other known so far. By
description and superficially it resembles parvidcns somewhat, but the

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Xotes on Chrysomelid.f. 313

form is more elongate, the prothorax always dull, the antennal joints
longer and narrower, the posterior femora in both sexes longer and
without tooth. In one of the males an exceedingly small, feeble
tubercle is visible on the posterior femora.

Donacia glabrata new species.

Male. — General form of subtilis with similar prothorax, metallic green,
shining, elytra without transverse rugs on disk, prothorax with a deeply im-
pressed median line ; legs reddish, apical half or so metallic, posterior femora
without tooth. Head densely punctate, punctures finer than those on pro-
thorax ; median line deeply impressed ; moderately tuberculate on each side
of median line; antennal joints longer and narrower than in subtilis; third
joint shorter than in rugosa, though the outer joints are longer than in that
species. Prothorax almost as in subtilis, anterior angles not prominent, obtuse,
posterior angles moderately prominent; median impression wide and deep,
basal impression distinct but less deep ; lateral tubercles indistinct ; surface
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate at middle, punctures denser at apex and
base and at sides more or less confluent and transversely strigose. Elytra a
little more than three times as long as prothorax and about twice as long as
wide at base ; punctures forming the regular rows relatively large, intervals
not or scarcely wider, smooth, shining and with scarcely any transverse rugae
on the disk which are present at sides and near apex, the latter rotundate-
truncate. Body below moderately densely pubescent, pubescent short and
white; legs reddish; femora in about apical half metallic, posterior femora
moderately strongly clavate, rather sparsely punctate and without tooth ; last
dorsal segment emarginate-truncate at apex. Length 7 mm.

Clementon, N. J.

This species by its form resembles closely subtilis, from which it
differs in its smooth, shining surface, longer antennal joints, bicolored,
more shining and more sparsely punctate femora, the posterior one
without tooth. Rugosa has also bicolored posterior femora, which is
feebly toothed in the male, but glabrata is more slender, with shorter
third antennal joint and all the joints black, the outer ones longer
than in rugosa, the prothorax with very few punctures on the disk,
median line deeply and rather broadly impressed, and elytra smooth,
shining with scarcely any transverse rugae on the disk.

Donacia megacornis Blatchley.

This species was described from a single specimen from Indiana
but I have specimens from Lakehurst, Lakewood, Pt. Pleasant. X.

314 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

Lisbon and Anglesea, N. J., and in Mr. Leng's collection are specimens
from Massachusetts and Iowa.

The species is rather short, robust, not elongate and slender as
Mr. Blatchley describes it ; prothorax about as long as wide, tubercles
at most moderately distinct; sides less narrowed toward apex than in
siibtilis and surface more coarsely punctate. Elytra with distinct im-
pressions, the latter generally less deep than in aqiialis; apices squarely
truncate. Body beneath clothed densely with short, yellowish pubes-
cence ; the posterior femora in both sexes with a rather large, tri-
angular tooth, which is more or less distinctly serrulate posteriorly.
The antennal joints are stouter than in any other species known to
me. The last dorsal segment is emarginate-truncate at apex in the
male and broadly rounded in the female.

I have seen the type of this species, which Mr. Blatchley kindly
sent me for examination.

Donacia liebecki new species.

Female. — Similar in form to megacomis but less convex, antenna? less
stout, elytral impressions more feeble and posterior femora with a small,
sharp tooth in both sexes. Head densely punctate, punctures much smaller
than those on prothorax ; median line deeply impressed ; frontal tubercles
obsolete ; antennae annulate, rather short, not extending to the middle of elytra,
second and third joint short, equal, fourth a little longer than third. Pro-
thorax as wide as long, not or at most feebly narrowing to base ; anterior and
posterior angles distinct and feebly prominent ; lateral tubercles obsolete ; sides
feebly undulate ; median line and basal impression feeble ; surface sculp-
tured as in subtilis. Elytra about three and one half times as long as pro-
thorax and about twice as long as wide at base ; apices sharply truncate ; punc-
tures of the regular series moderately large ; intervals moderately coarsely
rugose. Body beneath densely and finely punctate and moderately densely
clothed with short yellowish-white pubescence ; mesosternal process longer than
wide at apex ; legs reddish, posterior femora moderately clavate and armed
with a small acute tooth. Last dorsal segment emarginate at apex. Length
7.25 mm.

Male. — Narrower than the female with longer antennal joints and last
dorsal segment broadly emarginate, posterior femora with a small, acute tooth.

Wyandanch, Lg. Isld. ; Lakehurst and Malaga, New Jersey.

I have seen eleven specimens collected on Long Island and at
Lakehurst, N. J., by Messrs. Davis, Schott and myself, and the
specimens from Malaga, N. J., were received from Mr. Chas. Liebeck,

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid.-e. 315

whose name I have given it in recognition of many favors received.
It resembles megacornis more than any other of our species but differs
from that by more depressed form, less stouter antennal joints, poste-
rior femora moderately clavate with a small acute tooth in both sexes
and mesosternal process a little narrower.

The males look much like very small females of subtilis, but have
shorter antennae, a little more convex and shorter form, reddish legs,
narrower and more elongate prothorax and more prominent eyes. If
compared with the males of that species the differences are obvious
enough.

Donacia tuberculifrons new specie9.

Female. — Oblong-oval, shining, aeneous, feebly depressed. Head densely
punctate, punctures smaller than those on prothorax ; median line deeply im-
pressed ; frontal tubercles very distinct ; antennae black ; scarcely reaching to
the middle of elytra, second and third joints small, the latter a little longer
than the former, fourth subequal to second and third together. Prothorax
about as wide as long ; anterior angles distinct, not prominent, posterior angles
prominent; anterior tubercles nearly obsolete; sides feebly narrowing to base
and scarcely undulate; median line distinct; basal impression feeble; surface
moderately coarsely punctate ; punctures well separated on the disk, more
crowded near the impression, at apex and at sides, confluent at the latter and
strigose. Elytra about three and one half times as long as the prothorax and
about twice as long as wide at base; punctures of the regular series moder-
ately large; intervals rather feebly transversely rugose on the disk; apices
truncate ; last dorsal broadly rounded. Body beneath densely and finely punc-
tate and clothed with very short white pubescence, which does not obscure the
aeneous surface color. Legs aeneous, posterior femora moderately clavate and
armed with a small tooth. Mesosternal process narrow, a little longer than
wide. Length S mm., width, across base of elytra, 3 mm.

Male. — Slightly narrower, tooth of posterior femora a little longer, last
dorsal segment feebly emarginate-truncate.

Toronto, Canada, (type) Northern Illinois.

The Toronto specimens I owe to the kindness of Mr. Chas. Liebeck.

This species is of more robust form than either subtilis or distiucta
with different prothorax and shorter antennae. It has the antennae
similar to liebccki above described but the head in the latter is strongly
constricted behind the eyes, which are much more prominent than in
tuberculifrons, which has the prothorax more convex and shining and
the intervals of the elytra are feebly rugose on the disk, the posterior

316 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

femora rather feebly clavate and longer, reaching to or slightly be-
yond the apex of the fourth ventral, in liebecki to about the third
ventral segment.

Donacia distincta Lee.

I can not convince myself that the specimens under that name in
every collection I have seen are the true distincta, including the
specimen sent me by Mr. Frost and compared by him with the type,
a so-called homotype. They do not agree with Leconte's group
characters. Leconte places distincta and hirticollis in a separate group
defined as follows : " Crassiusculse, elytris apicem versus magis angu-
statis, thorace punctato tuberculatoque, elytris valde rugosis, antennis
minus elongatis, articulo tertio secundo paulo breviore." Taking
hirticollis as guide, the shorter, more robust form, the elytra more
strongly narrowing towards apex and the shorter antennae are evi-
dently the principal characters of the group, but which scarcely could
be applied to these so-called distincta. Leconte under his description
of distincta' also says "habitus fere D. proximo" but the two are cer-
tainly widely different in form. The type specimen of distincta came
from Lake Superior and ought to be still in Leconte's collection.

Mr. Leng was correct when he stated that he was unable to sepa-
rate torosa Lee. from these so-called distincta. The color varies in
these and the sculpture of the prothorax is much more variable than
in any other species of the subgenus Donacia. I have seen over fifty
specimens of this from various localities ranging from Massachusetts
to Florida. The prothorax may be more or less densely punctate with
rather coarse punctures which are sometimes more or less transversely
confluent, especially laterally or very finely and sparsely punctate with
more or less distinct and very finely impressed wavy lines. The two
extremes look certainly distinct from each other but intermediate
forms are there which prohibit the establishment of even a variety.
The color of the antennse, the relative length of the joints, especially
the second and third, and the distinctness of the frontal tubercles is
also variable. I have a specimen which is black above with antennal
joints red except the first, which is metallic. As already stated else-
where the sinuation of the sutural margin of the elytra near apex,
mentioned by Mr. Leng in his revision, I am unable to see in any of
the specimens examined.

Dec, igij-] Shaeffer: Xotes on Chrysomelim:. 317

Donacia tuberculata Lee.

This species has the head behind the eyes a little more constricted
than in harrisi but less so than in any of our other species. The
smaller eyes of harrisi mentioned by Leconte and others as a peculiar
character is shared by other species of both subgenera but with the
exception of tuberculata the head in these is more strongly constricted
behind which gives them a more prominent appearance.

Donacia harrisi Lee.

It may be of interest to those using Mr. Blatchley's Coleoptera of
Indiana to know that the species identified there as harrisi is not that
species. It is a new species belonging in the subgenus Plateumaris.
In reading over his description and remarks on that species I received
the impression that this species is much more variable than known
and asked Mr. Blatchley for the loan of a few specimens. He kindly
sent me a single specimen, all he had, which proved to be as stated
above.

Donacia pusilla Say.

As defined by Mr. Leng in his revision a number of more or less
distinct forms are included under this name.

Of the true pusilla I have specimens from Xew Foundland, Maine
and Massachusetts. These have the second and third antennal joints
subequal in length, the fourth a little longer than third, the outer four
or five joints very distinctly wider than the preceding joints, especially
in the male, the elytral indentations generally deeply impressed, the
posterior femora moderately closely punctate and armed with a rather
small tooth. There is another eastern species which I find generally
mixed with this and which probably is dives Lee. placed as a synonym
of pusilla. These have longer antennal joints and the outer four
or five are scarcely wider than the preceding; the prothorax is
similar, but generally a little wider; elytra with feeble indentations
and generally more densely punctate and rugose; the posterior femora
are stouter, closely punctate and armed in both sexes with a rather
large, triangular tooth. The legs in both are red, femora with or
without metallic space near apex. Certain emarginate with rugose
prothorax and median line very feeble may cause trouble as to their
correct place, but these have generally a still larger tooth on the

318 Journal New York Entomological Society. lYoi. xxvu.

posterior femora, which latter is always uniformly metallic, at least
in all the numerous specimens which I have examined, the prothorax
is slightly longer, with distinct anterior tubercles and the head behind
the eyes is more deeply constricted with a narrower neck.

I have seen specimens of what I consider to be dives Lee. from
New Foundland, Maine, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey.

The western specimens from Cal., Oreg., etc., which are probably
pyritosa Lee. do not seem to differ very much from typical pusilla.

Donacia pusilla var. robusta new var.

Female. — More robust and much larger than typical pusilla; antennae
annulate, similarly formed ; prothorax wider and less distinctly narrowed to
apex and rather more coarsely rugose ; elytral indentations less pronounced ;
legs reddish, posterior femora with a small tooth. Length 7 mm., width
3.2 mm.

Como, S. Wyoming.

Paratype in coll. C. W. Leng.

This form looks very distinct from typical pusilla but I am unable
at present to find a strong enough character to give it specific
standing.

Donacia femoralis Kirby.

This species was described from Nova Scotia but Mr. Leng in his
revision gives only Washington and Vane. Isld.

I haven't seen anything from the East which fit Kirby's descrip-
tion except metallica and it is possible that the two are the same.
Specimens from California, Washington, Br. Colombia, etc., standing
under that name are possibly germari placed with flavipennis as syn-
onym of femoralis. The descriptions of germari and flavipennis are
so poor that it is impossible to identify them and I have seen no spec-
imens from Alaska, the type locality for both.

Donacia serricauda new species.

Female. — Cupreous, form nearly as in flavipes, antennae black, reddish at
base ; legs reddish, femora with a more or less distinct metallic cloud. Head
densely punctate and sparsely pubescent ; median line deep ; frontal tubercles
absent ; ocular orbits absent ; antennae extending back to about basal fourth,
second joint shorter than third, the latter about as long as the basal joint,
fourth joint a little longer than third, outer joints scarcely wider than the
preceding. Prothorax as wide as long; narrowing towards base; anterior

Dec, i9i9-] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid^e. 319

angles distinct and moderately prominent; anterior tubercles distinct; sides
feebly undulate ; surface slightly uneven ; median impression absent ; basal
impression distinct; surface alutaceous and finely and rather sparsely punctate;
punctures more dense at middle and larger at apex and base. Elytra about
three times as long as the prothorax and a little more than twice as long as
wide at base; punctures of regular series moderate, intervals rather feebly
rugose on the disk, more distinctly so at sides and apex ; sutural margin near
apex sinuate ; apices separately rounded. Body beneath cupreous ; thinly
clothed with short, cinereous pubescence ; posterior femora with a moderate,
triangular tooth. Apex of the lower vaginal plate relatively coarsely serrate.
Length 7.25 mm.

Male. — Differs only in being narrower with slightly longer antennal joints ;
tooth of posterior femora scarcely larger than in the female.

The type is from Stephenville, New Foundland, collected by
George P. Engelhardt. It is taken in Maine by Mr. C. A. Frost and I
have also a specimen from Montana, British Colombia and Wyoming
and Mr. Davis has taken a specimen in Lakehurst, N. J. A very dis-
tinct species by its form and sculpture of prothorax and the only
species known to me which have the lower vaginal plate of the female
coarsely serrate at apex. In all the other species the serration is
either absent or very fine.

Zeugophora neomexicana new species.

Black ; head, prothorax and legs reddish-yellow ; outer joints of antennae
piceous or black. Head moderately densely punctate. Prothorax more sparsely
punctate than the head ; lateral tubercle moderately prominent, lateral margin
above the tubercle straight, not obliquely narrowing to the apical angles.
Elytra sparsely pubescent ; punctures larger than those on the pronotum, well
separated on the disk, closer at sides. Length 3 mm.

Santa Fe, New Mexico.

In most of the specimens of the small series before me the head
above is a little darker than the prothorax and in two, from the same
locality, is black above.

This species is probably mixed with scatellaris or those with the
head black above with consanguinea. But scatellaris has a wider
prothorax with the lateral tubercles more prominent, the lateral
margin above the tubercles narrowing slightly to the apical angles
which latter are indistinct and slightly rounded; the antennal joints
are a little heavier and the size is generally larger. From consan-
guinea it differs in having the lateral tubercle of prothorax distinct,

320 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

that is, the lateral margin is straight from the base of the tubercle to
the apex while in consanguinea the lateral margin is narrowing
obliquely from the tubercle to the apex.

Lema arizonae new species.

Very near L. texana Cr. in form and color, except mouth parts, meso-
sternum, side pieces of metasternum and legs black. Head sparsely punctate,
frontal tubercles obliterated ; median groove short and not very deep, ter-
minating in a rather deep fovea. Prothorax in sculpture and form as in
texana Cr. Scutellum slightly subquadrate and emarginate at apex. Elytra
blue with ten regular rows of rather coarse punctures, the punctures a little
smaller towards apex ; intervals smooth. Abdomen finely and densely punctate ;
clothed with short, greyish-white hairs ; posterior femora extending to the
apex of the third ventral segment and slightly more incrassate than in texana
Cr. Length 5.25 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

Lema longipennis, Linell, to which this species also seems to be
allied, has the underside of body and head black and an elongate
scutellum with the apex rounded.

Lema equestris Lac.

Lacordaire's description of this Mexican species agrees fairly with
those specimens of the variable L. balteata Lee, which have the pro-
thorax red, to which I have already called attention in Science Bull.
Mus, Brookl. Inst. Arts and Sciences, vol. I, p. 169. L. balteata has
the head, prothorax, legs and underside black, abdomen flavous, elytra
blue with a large, yellowish or reddish-yellow, transverse fascia as in
L. solani, the lateral margin is blue but always interrupted by the
transverse fascia. The transverse fascia is generally broad but I
have specimens with very narrow fascia and one specimen with an
indistinct fascia on one side and without fascia on the other side. A
number of my specimens have in addition to the transverse fascia
either one or two yellow subapical spots on each elytron. These sub-
apical spots are of variable size and are coalescent in some specimens,
forming a slightly arcuate subapical fascia. The specimens with red
prothorax, of which I have taken only a very few, generally have the
subapical fascia distinct. In about three of my specimens the pro-
thorax is black with apex and base more or less red, these are inter-
mediate between those with red and black prothorax.

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid.f. 321

All the different color forms are often found together on the same
plant and interbreed. I have taken a male with red prothorax in
copula with a female with black prothorax.

If Lacordaire's equestris should prove to be the same as balteata
the latter name becomes a synonym.

Lema opulenta G. & H.
Lema ornata Baly.
Lema lebioides Linell.

In Proceedings of the U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XX, p. 474, Linell
described L. lebioides from a single specimen taken by Prof. Town-
send in Brownsville, Tex. I have taken a moderately large number
of this species near Brownsville, Texas, but I am unable to find any-
thing in Baly's description of his ornata to differentiate the two. The
head and prothorax may be entirely reddish or more or less black or
piceous ; the lateral vitta of each elytron is internally dilated at its
posterior end but does never extend to the apex nor does it unite with
the common sutural spot at the extreme apex. The dilated portion
of the vitta sometimes extends to the suture or the vitta may be
broken up into two spots, one linear, humeral, and a larger, rounded
spot a little below middle, the spot at the extreme apex and the
elongate, sub-scutellar spot seem to be quite constant.

This species is figured in Biol. Cent. Am. Col., vol. VI, pt. I, pi. I,
fig. 3, as L. ornata; a name preoccupied in the genus and changed to
opulenta by Gemminger and Harold.

Lema confusa Chev.
var. trabeata Dej.
var. omogera Horn.

Horn's omogera is the extreme variation of the variable confusa.

Typical confusa are black, elytra yellow, an entire sutural stripe,
confluent with an internally oblique, common, apical spot, and a sub-
marginal vitta, abbreviated at apex and base, black. This has been
taken at Enterprise and Crescent City, Florida, by Messrs. Hubbard
and Schwarz and at Biscayne Bay, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

The variety trabeata has the elytra black with a large subtriangu-
lar basal spot, a subapical oblique fascia and lateral margin, which
is confluent with the basal and subapical spot, yellow. I have taken
this form in Arizona (Huachuca Mts.) and have also a specimen

322 Journal New York Entomological Society. £v&1- XXvii.

from Venezuela, collected by George K. Cherrie. In this and the
next form the elytra may be black or bluish.

The variety omogera is black with a subtriangular yellow basal
spot which extends along the base to the lateral margin, the latter is
never entirely pale, but black in about apical half or more. As far as
known this occurs only in Lower California.

Lema notativentris new species.

Similar in color, form and sculpture to nigrovittata Guer. but the lateral
black vitta of each elytron is not situated close to the lateral margin but be-
tween the sixth and eighth dorsal row of punctures; the black thoracic spot
is situated in the lateral depression and scarcely visible from above ; head
black, also upper edge of femora, tibiae and tarsi ; prosternum largely, meso-
sternum and metasternum entirely black; abdomen pale except a rounded,
black spot, situated at middle of the basal margin of the first four ventral
segments. Length 5.5 mm.

Huach. Mts., Arizona.

This species looks superficially so much like trilineata or the less
heavily marked forms of nigrovittata that I did not recognize it in the
field and only lately, in going over some unmounted material I found
a few specimens pasted on cards with specimens of nigrovittata from
the same locality.

Anomoea nitidicollis new species.

Above reddish-yellow, elytra with suture, a common post-median sutural
spot, an elongated spot on lateral margin about middle and lateral margin,
from about middle to apex, black; legs, meso and metasternum black. Head
smooth, shining, without punctures and scarcely rugose in front. Prothorax
strongly transverse ; lateral margin arcuate, gradually narrowing to apex from
a little below middle to apex ; apical and basal angles^, the latter more strongly,
rounded ; surface very shining and impunctate. Scutellum black, with a few
moderately coarse punctures and fine pale hairs in basal half. Elytra less
shining than the prothorax, sparsely punctate, punctures confused but showing
a tendency to become regular, especially near suture; metasternum and
abdomen finely and moderately closely punctate and closely pubescent with
greyish-white hairs. Length 9.75 mm.

Texas.

A single specimen, a female, in the Dietz collection which prob-
ably came from New Braunfels, Tex.

The smooth, very shining head and prothorax, the more elongate

Dec, igig.] Shaeffer: Xotes on Chrysomelid.e. 323

form and the different coloration of the upper surface separates this
principally from females of mutabilis. Of the latter I have quite a
number of specimens from Brownsville and New Braunfels, Texas,
but while the males are very variable in coloration, the females vary
very little and have the prothorax always more or less dull.

Anomoea mutabilis Lac.

I have taken this species in Brownsville, Tex., and have it also
from New Braunfels. The males are very variable in coloration.
Specimens occur which nearly agree with the description of A. rufi-
frons Lac. and I believe that the two are the same species. The most
extreme variation I have seen has the prothorax and head fulvous
the latter with the space behind the eyes and the occipital spots black,
legs pale, except the tarsi and front tibiae; elytra ochraceous with
suture, a median marginal blotch and an elongate discal spot about
middle of each elytron black.

Anomoea hogei Jac.

In Science Bull. Mus. Brookl. Inst., vol. I, p. 229, I reported the
occurrence of this Mexican species in our fauna of which I had two
males and three females from New Braunfels, Texas, and have since
seen more. Mr. Jacoby described it from one male and three females
and distinguishes this from the other species of the genus mainly
" by the absence of any dark markings above, the whole upper surface
being fulvous." My two females agree exactly with his description
but in one of the males the abdomen is black at sides and in the other
entirely black, the scutellum in the latter is also black but at apex pale.
The males have the front tibiae near apex more strongly curved than
in mutabilis and laticlava and the antennal joints in both sexes are
more transverse and stronger serrate than in the latter species.

Anomoea (Gynandrophthalma) arizonica new species.

Moderately elongate, nearly parallel ; shining, black, underside of an-
terior tibiae and tarsi, first three antennal joints and labrum pale; prothorax
with an obscure reddish cloud on the disk ; elytra blue with a relatively large
red basal spot, as in Saxinis omogera. Head between the eyes at middle with
a more or less distinct rounded impression ; shining and feebly punctate on the
occiput, otherwise somewhat rugose and more coarsely but sparsely punctate ;
antennae serrate from the fourth joint, the serrate joints transverse. Pro-

324 Journal New York Entomological Society. £ Vo1- xxvu.

thorax about twice as wide as long, sides feebly arcuate; posterior angles
broadly rounded, anterior angles indistinct, rounded ; disk slightly uneven,
punctuation very fine and with some coarser punctures at sides and anteriorly
intermixed. Elytra moderately coarsely and irregularly punctate ; punctures
near apex more or less obliterated; intervals very finely punctulate. Under-
side moderately densely clothed with white hairs. Length 4.5 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

This species varies a little. The front tibiae are occasionally
entirely black ; the prothorax black or with more or less distinct,
though obscure reddish patches ; the lateral elytral red spot, which
never extends down as far as the middle, is towards its apex more or
less dilated and extends in some specimens to the suture, but leaving
the scutellar region dark blue.

This is possibly only a local form of A. militaris, Lee, but it is of
a little more elongate form and without the red apical spot on each
elytron. I have seen about eighteen specimens but while the red
humeral spot is very variable in size in none of these is any indication
of an apical spot.

Anomcca humerigera, described from a single female from Mexico
by Lacordine, seems to be very close to this, but the elytra in the
Arizona specimens are not finely alutaceous. A. arizonica, and very
likely militaris and humerigera, possibly belong in Lacordarie's sub-
genus Gynandrophthalma as the two sexes are nearly alike. In the
subgenus Anomcca the males generally differ very much from the
females in the form of head, prothorax, elytra, anterior tibiae and
often greatly in coloration.

Chlamys memnonia Lac.

In Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XX, p. 476, Mr. Linell deals at
length with this species, which he recorded from Brownsville and
San Diego, Texas, and from southern Arizona. From his remarks
it is evident that the Arizona specimens differ from those taken in
Texas but he was unable to find any specific characters to separate
them and considered them all one variable species.

I have this species from Brownsville and New Braunfels, Texas,
and have also taken specimens in the Huach. Mts., Ariz. However,
the specimens from Arizona differ sufficiently from those taken in
Texas to entitle them to a name.

Dec, 1919] Shaeffer: Xotf.s ox Chrysomelid^e.

Chlamys confusa new species.

Similar in form, color and sculpture to memnonia Lac. but the elytral
tubercles and ridges are less strongly developed, the prothoracic crest is lower
and less deeply impressed, the true scutellum narrower and the second, or
metascutellum, rarely as distinct a9 in that species and sometimes absent. At
the bottom of the emargination of the eyes is an orange-yellow spot as in
plicata and tuberculata, which is absent in memnonia and prosternalis.
Length 4 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

Besides the less developed elytral tubercles and ridges the small,
yellow spot inside of each eye separates this species readily from
memnonia.

The elytral sculpture varies to some extent but is in the largest
specimens never as strongly developed as in typical memnonia. It is
possible that this species is the same as ma?stifica Lac, which was
described from specimens from Mexico and also two from California.
However, none of my specimens do exactly agree with Lacordaire's
description of mccstifica.

In Biol. Cent. Am., Col. vol. VI, pt. I, p. 75, Mr. Jacoby p3)aces
Chlamys memnonia rather doubtful in the genus Diaspis. The prin-
cipal characters of this genus are the possession of a second scu-
tellum, termed by Lacordaire the metascutellum, and the bifid claws.
In C. confusa, the second scutellum is almost absent or very faint in
a few specimens and Linell mentions a specimen of C. plicata with a
second scutellum so this character becomes valueless and there re-
mians only the bifid claws. These are in memnonia. confusa and
prosternalis broadly appendiculate at base as in plicata and these
species cannot be placed properly in Diaspis.

Urodera texana new species.

Rather shortly oval, black, elytra reddish-yellow, except suture margin
narrowly and an oblique, arcuate median band black. Head nearly smooth
with only a few small punctures which are near the eyes larger. Prothorax
about one and one half times as wide as long; median basal lobe not reflected:
surface sparsely and rather finely punctate. Scutellum smooth. Elytra with
rows of rather fine punctures ; intervals smooth, except for a few very small
adventitious punctures. Underside and pygidium rather closely punctate and
covered moderately densely with short greyish-white hairs. Length (from apex
of prothorax to apex of elytra) 6 mm., width 4.25 mm.

326 Journal New York Entomological Society. lVo1- xxvu.

Brownsville, Texas.

This species differs from crucifera Lac, that is, the North Ameri-
can specimens identified as that species, in being shorter and conse-
quently more robust, the prothorax though finely but distinctly punc-
tate, the median basal lobe of prothorax not at all reflexed, more or
less distinctly so in the specimens of crucifera collected by myself
and others in Arizona, and the epipleural lobe is more subangulate.

Cryptocephalus pinicolus new species.

Narrower and a little more elongate than quadrimaculatus Say, prothorax
distinctly dark metallic blue, elytra black with a bluish tint, an elongate
humeral spot, extending inwardly to the fifth or sixth dorsal stria and a sub-
apical spot red. Head sparsely punctate with moderate punctures ; antennae
as in quadrimaculatus. Prothorax rather finely and sparsely punctate, punc-
tures larger near base. Elytra not as coarsely punctate as quadrimaculatus ;
intervals smooth. Pygidium coarsely and rather densely punctate with a more
or less distinct median carina. Abdominal segments two, three and four
closely and moderately coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a very short,
pale hair. Last ventral segment of the female with a very large, deep, circular
fovea. Length 3.5 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

Two of the few specimens are marked " beaten from pine." The
narrower and relatively more elongate form and the distinct dark
metallic blue color will separate this from quadrimaculatus or quadru-
plex. Specimens of quadrimaculatus especially those from the South
have at least the prothorax more or less blackish blue, but the form
of these is more robust and the elytral punctuation is more coarse.
The apical read spot is absent in one specimen.

Cryptocephalus pubiventris new species.

Similar in coloration to C. quadrimaculatus var. notatus Fab. but much
larger. Head closely punctate with moderately large punctures, median line
without punctures. Prothorax less transverse and relatively a little longer
than in the var. notatus; distinctly punctate, but punctures not close and
moderately large. Elytra with rows of moderately large, not closely placed
punctures. Underside densely punctate, except the first ventral segment on
which the punctures are less dense than on the following segments, clothed
with relatively long greyish white pubescence. Length 6 mm., width, across
the middle of elytra 3.25 mm.

Dec. 1919.] Shaeffer: Xotes on* Chrysomelid.e.

Huachuca Mts.. Arizona.

The color is black, except the first four or five antennal joints,

and the red marking's are as in quad ■ ;, but the

size is much larger, relatively narrower and a little more elongate,

orothorax less transverse and the underside relatively densely

pubescent with rather long hai"

Cryptocephahis gutrulatellus new species.

m Schaef. nee SufFr.
Shining-, flavous. prothorax a little darker, except a pale transverse basal
fascia not reaching the middle nor the sides ; elytra marked with longitudinal
and transverse pale brown lines as in guttulatus Oliv. Head almost smooth,
only a few sparse frontal punctures : antenna w ree or four joints

darker. Prothorax relatively less convex - smooth, v

most a few very small punctures. Elytra rather feebly impressed below the
subhumeral umbone : stride as m tt$s, here and there feebly impressed,

punctures moderate. Pygidium coarsely and moderately closely punctate, with
at most a few scattered, short hairs. Length .

Brownsville. Texas.

In Jousx. X. Y. Est. S jL XII. p. 226. I reported this species

as the Mexican r_- i juSr. which is a much Iar_

The above described species is about the size of ocellatus SufFr. and
similarly marked but the color of the head and prothorax is not
" rostrot!: le pygidium is not finely punctate and pubesc

Metachroma texanum new species.

Oblong, shining, rufocastaneous.
paler, the apical joints of the -i. Head coarsely punc:.-.

occiput and clypeus. faintly and more sparsely at middle : frontal impression
rather feeble : clypeo-frontai suture obliterated. Prothr -
sides rather Epical and basal

moder a - apex and

base. :e at middle, n

coarse punctures, wh met towards apex and base

seventh, abser. ;neath sparsely

punctate : propleune at base ilmost

smooth ; posterior femora with a small tooth on the lower edg ' ' - I mrn

Brownsville. Te:: -

Th : . . our

spec: "edge

328 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvii.

absence of the two short stride. Dr. Horn in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc,
vol. XIX, p. 211, says that the species of this genus have eleven
striae on each elytron, seven between the suture and the umbo and
two parallel with the side margin. Between these two series, just
exterior to the seventh, are two short striae, which may be regular or
confused. Dr. Horn evidently did not count the short scutellar nor
the marginal stria. With a few exceptions the stria next to the
marginal one is rarely entire, it generally joins the marginal stria
about middle or the basal part a little above middle and the apical
part a little below middle.

Metachroma novemstriatum new species.

Oblong, shining, above yellowish-testaceous, prothorax a little darker;
each elytron with two darker spots, one above middle, between the fourth and
fifth striae, the other below middle and between the sixth and seventh striae ;
body beneath dark brown ; antennas pale. Head sparsely punctate, occiput more
coarsely punctate ; clypeus moderately coarsely punctate ; frontal impression
distinct ; clypeo-frontal suture obliterated. Prothorax a little wider than long ;
sides moderately arcuate ; apical and basal angles prominent ; surface mod-
erately coarsely punctate, punctures finer near apical, lateral and basal mar-
gins. Elytra a little longer than wide across the middle ; striate-punctate,
striae regular, short striae absent ; intervals very feebly punctate. Propleurae
without punctures. Body beneath sparsely punctate ; met-episterna smooth ;
posterior femora with a very small denticle. Length 3.75 mm.

Lower California (G. Beyer).

Colaspis subsenea new species.

Form and size of C. brunnea; shining; upper surface brown with dis-
tinct metallic tint ; below and legs slightly paler, except metasternum, which
is darker and with metallic tint ; labruni, palpi and antennae flavous, the
seventh, tenth and eleventh joints of the latter black. Head rather sparsely,
not coarsely punctate ; epistoma more coarsely and closely punctate. Pro-
thorax moderately closely punctate at sides, punctures finer on the disk, sides
feebly arcuate from base to a little above middle, then more strongly narrow-
ing towards apex ; apical angles obtuse ; basal angles prominent. Elytra
scarcely wider at base than the prothorax ; punctuation coarse and rather con-
fused in about basal half; more regular from the middle towards apex where
the intervals are more or less distinct and subcostate near apex; sutural angles
acute, slightly prominent. Propleurae, metasternum and ventral segments
sparsely punctate. Length 4 mm.

Brownsville, Texas (O. Dietz).

Dec, ig 1 9-] Shaeffer: Notes ON ClIRYSOMELID.-E. 329

This species differs from brunnea and varieties in having the
upper surface shining and dark with distinct metallic tint and the
intervals scarcely raised, except at apex. A specimen taken by my-
self at the same locality in August is apparently partly immature and
has the elytral punctuation finer than in the type specimen.

Colaspis brunnea var. viriditincta new var.

Form and size of C. brunnea; head and prothorax metallic green and
cupreous ; elytra yellowish testaceous, scutellum, base narrowly, lateral margin,
and generally the punctures metallic green ; abdomen beneath with metallic
tint; legs flavous, hind femora black at tip; palpi and antenna flavous, except
the seventh and the two last joints, which are black. Head relatively more
closely punctate than in var. costipennis ; punctures at sides above the eyes
more or less confluent. Prothorax as in var. costipennis. Elytra with seven,
more or less distinct costiform intervals. Length 4.5 mm.

Douglas, Arizona ( F. H. Snow).

This form differs from var. costipennis, which also has a bright
metallic head and prothorax, in having seven, more or less distinct
elytral costse.

Nodonota texana new species.

Oblong, bronze, surface alutaceous and moderately shining. Head mod-
erately coarsely punctate, punctures a little finer and sparser above ; clypeus
not contracted. Antennae rufo-testaceous, the outer joints piceous at apex.
Prothorax a little more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuately narrowing
from base to apex ; basal and apical angles subacute ; surface very distinctly
alutaceous and moderately coarsely punctate, punctures scarcely denser at
sides than on disk. Elytra irregularly punctate ; punctures a little coarser than
on the prothorax, but gradually finer towards apex, where they are less con-
fused ; umbo prominent and prolonged posteriorly with a distinct impression
internally. Body below alutaceous; propleuras sparsely punctate; abdomen
sparsely punctate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length 3.25 mm.

Brownsville, Texas.

I have taken only a single specimen, a female, of this species,
which I had placed doubtfully with puncticolUs. It is, however, nar-
rower, more elongate and less convex than the latter and the punc-
tures of the prothorax are not substrigose. Another specimen, with-
out tarsi, is in the Dietz collection from " Texas," which is probably
a male. It is a little more shining, prothorax more finely alutaceous
and the umbo, though moderately prominent, is not prolonged
posteriorly.

330 Journal New York Entomological Society. 1Vo1- xxvu.

Melasoma (Lina) californica Rog. and arizonae Cr.

The following new genus is proposed for the reception of these
two species which do not belong in the genus Melasoma (Lina),
where they are placed in our list. They look, in fact, out of place
there.

Pseudolina new genus.

Differs from Melasoma (Lina) in having the prothorax arcuately
narrowing from base to apex, without longitudinal lateral impression ;
the sides of prothorax and elytra not thickened; metasternum broadly
arcuate in front, not produced between the midde coxae and the tibia?
are not grooved externally, except more or less distinctly at tip.

Type Plagiodera californica Rog.

Plagiodera, to which this new genus is also related, has the meta-
sternum distinctly produced between the middle coxae as in Melasoma
and the elytral epipleurae are deeply, longitudinally excavated. L.
ariaonce Cr., which occurs also in Mexico, is placed in the genus
Plagiodera by Mr. Jacoby.

Melasoma tremulae Fab.

The North American specimens identified as M. tremulce Fab. are
in my opinion M. saleceti Reit. At any rate they seem to agree with
the description of the latter species better than with the description
of M. tremulce.

Melasoma immaculata new species.

Ovate, shining ; elytra luteous, immaculate ; scutellum, prothorax at sides
pale yellow, at middle and head black with faint metallic tint; antennas pale,
first and outer four joints darker; underside pale, except metasternum, a
transverse fascia on each ventral segment, which is broadly arcuate at middle,
femora, except at base, and apex of tibiae black with more or less metallic
green or blue tint. Head broadly impressed at middle ; finely, not closely
punctate, with sparser larger punctures intermixed. Prothorax about twice as
wide at base as long, sides gradually narrowing from base to a little below
apex, then arcuate to apical angles, which are rounded ; basal margin dis-
tinctly bisinuate ; apical margin broadly, rather deeply emarginate ; surface
on the disk finely punctulate with some sparser, larger punctures intermixed;
laterally relatively coarsely punctate, the punctures in the lateral impression
rather crowded. Scutellum smooth, shining. Elytra irregularly punctate,
punctures not coarse ; the thickened lateral margin smooth. Ventral segments
with transverse row of punctures near apex, at sides more or less finely, trans-
versely rugose. Length 5.25 mm.

Dec, i?ir.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelidje. 331

Washington.

I have also specimens from British Columbia collected by the late
J. Chr. Weidt. Two of the specimens from the latter locality are
dark brown with faint metallic tint and differ from confluens with
uniformly colored elytra in less elongate form and bicolored ventral
segments and legs. M. obsoleta has alv^s a pale lateral margin and
the ventral segments dark metallic bue, the last segment at apex and
sides and the penultimate at sides pale.

Melasoma obsoleta Rog.

This is a variable species. The darkest forms have the elytra
black or purplish black with pale lateral margin and the extreme
palest form has the elytra flavous with markings like scripta with
which specimens of the latter form are found in collections. Inter-
mediate forms between the two, elytra black with more or less distinct
pale spots, or the elytra pale with the dark spots and lines more or
less confluent are found together with the two extreme forms men-
tioned above. M. obsoleta is relatively shorter, more convex and has
the prothorax more transverse than M. scripta.

Melasoma scripta var. texana new var.

Form, size and coloration generally like typical scripta, but prothorax,
elytra and epipleura relatively more coarsely punctate. Head and prothorax
pale ferruginous with a faint metallic tint ; the median part of prothorax some-
times darker, but apparently never as decidedly metallic green as in typical
scripta or the maculate specimens of the var. confluens. Underside pale fer-
ruginous with metallic tint, sometimes abdomen and sides of metasternum
more or less metallic green. Legs pale with faint metallic tint, or tibiae darker
and femora largely metallic green.

Brownsville and New Braunfels, Texas.

The var. texana looks very distinct from typical scripta and macu-
late confluens and seems to be very near the Mexican M. depressa.
The third antennal joint is relatively a little longer than in typical
scripta. The head and prothorax is generally reddish with metallic
tint and the elytra are usually as heavy or heavier marked than in
typical scripta.

Plagiodera flosculosa Stal.

This is the Lina flosculosa of our list, which possibly does not
occur in the United States. Stal's specimen was without locality but

332 Journal New York Entomological Society. lYoi. xxvn.

it has been recognized from Mexico by Mr. Jacoby in Biol. Cent.
Am., vol. VI, pt. I, p. 193, and is figured on tab. X, fig. 1 as ccncivcntris.
It is not a Lina but a Plagiodera, at least, it is recorded under the
latter genus by Mr. Jacoby.

Zygogramma estriata new species.

Reddish-brown, elytra flavous with subsutural vitta confluent with the
narrow sutural vitta, the former not reaching quite to base and of rather ir-
regular outline and a number of relatively large, reddish-brown spots, which
are surrounded by moderately large punctures. Head sparsely punctate. Pro-
thorax strongly transverse, apical angles rounded ; sides feebly arcuate ; basal
margin moderately arcuate ; surface finely alutaceous with very few punctures,
which are more numerous and coarser towards the lateral margin. Elytra
convex ; flavous with sutural and subsutural vitta confluent and numerous spots
of variable shape reddish-brown, the punctures between these spots brown and
not densely placed ; the regular row of submarginal punctures absent ; epi-
pleurse pale, except the exterior margin which is reddish-brown. Body be-
neath reddish-brown with very faint metallic tint ; metasternum and abdomen
sparsely punctate with moderately large punctures. Length 5.75 mm.

Huachuca Mts., Arizona.

This species is apt to be taken for a var. of my Z. arizonica, from
the same region, in which the irregular dorsal vitta is broken up into
spots. It differs, however, from that species by having a pale elytral
epipleura and the absence of the regular row of punctures near side
margin, which latter is present in all our species of Zygagramma.
The form is also a little shorter and more convex than in Z. arizonica.

Phyllobrotica vittata Horn.

My series of this species which are mostly from New York and
New Jersey, show more variation than indicated by Dr. Horn from
his four specimens in the remarks following the description.

The head above is generally black and in front yellow, but occa-
sionally entirely yellow. The elytral vitta is more or less distinct or
entirely absent and the ventral segments black, or the segments black
with yellow margin, sometimes entirely yellow. The males have the
antennal joints stouter than the females and the outer joints distinctly
dilated.

Agelastica alni Linn.

Three specimens of this European species were collected by Mr.
G. P. Engrelhardt on his office window of our Museum.

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid e. 333

It is a large insect, similar in form to Homopluvta abdominalis but
a little more robust and entirely blue above. It belongs in the Galeru-
cini and is placed in European catalogues in the neighborhood of
Ex 0 soma.

CEdionychis nigrosignata new species.

Form of scalaris Melsh. ; flavous, shining; elytra with a common sutural
spot about basal fourth and six spots on each elytron black, one on the humeral
umbone, two at side margin, one about basal fifth and one slightly below mid-
dle, the other three are situated on the disk of which the one a little below
middle is the largest, the upper one at about basal fourth and the apical spot
at about apical fourth. Head impressed between the antennae and more or
less distinctly punctate, above smooth. Prothorax impunctate and shining.
Elytra very minutely punctate and shining. Abdomen distinctly but rather
sparsely punctate. Length 5 mm.

Brownsville, Texas.

This is undoubtedy the same as the Texas specimen mentioned by
Dr. Horn in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol. XVI, p. 195, in the remarks
following the description of scalaris. It is relatively a little narrower
than scalaris, the upper surface very shining and the elytra minutely
punctate. The antennae are pale with the eighth and ninth joints
infuscate. The black common sutural spot is variable in size and
often absent, the upper submarginal spot is also absent in one or two
specimens. The umbonal sulcus, prominent in scalaris, is in nigro-
signata very feeble. The punctuation of the head is variable, in those
with the interocular impression more feeble the few punctures are
much smaller than in those with a broad median impression. The var.
b. of the Mexican (Ed. signata Jac. seems to be the only species from
that region with which nigrosignata can be compared. However, the
position of the four anterior spots in the former species is different
and there is apparently no common sutural spot.

Disonycha quinquevittata Say.

As defined by Dr. Horn this species is certainly an assemblage of
very heterogeneous forms. Some of these have undoubtedly a name
and are entitled to at least varietal standing but the descriptions are
poor and it is necessary to make comparison with the types.

334 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvil.

Disonycha capitata Jacoby.

D. capitata Jac. Biol. Cent. Am. Col., vol. VI, pt. i, p. 316.

D. quinquevittata Jac. Biol. Cent. Am. Col., vol. VI, pt. 1, suppl. p. 276.

? D. pura Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 158, p. 86.

I have specimens from Phoenix, Ariz., which agree with the de-
scription of the above named species. The head is black at base and
is generally more densely punctate than in any other species ; labrum
black, the surface of prothorax has usually only two black spots ; each
elytron with the usual black lines but they are mostly narrower and
the submarginal one is sometimes obliterated or absent; the body
beneath flavous, femora a little darker, apex of tibiae and tarsi black;
punctuation of prothorax and elytra extremely fine or obliterated, but
this is variable, in some specimens the punctuation of prothorax is
distinct.

If my specimens are correctly identified as D. capitata Jac. there
is another character not pointed out by Mr. Jacoby, and that is the
relatively narrower prothorax in this species than in any of the dif-
ferent forms united under the name quinquevittata. There is a possi-
bility that D. pura Lee. is the same, in which case this name has
precedence.

Jacoby, very likely following Horn, places this species in the " Sup-
plement" as a synonym of quinquevittata, but it ought to be recog-
nized at least as a variety.

Disonycha fumata Lee.

D. fumata Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1858, p. 86.

? D. crenicollis Horn. Trans. Am. Soc, vol. XVI, p. 204.

D. fumata Lee. is placed by Dr. Horn, 1. c, p. 315, as a synonym
of quinquevittata but I think wrongly. In none of the forms of the
latter the two median thoracic spots are placed as closely together
that they occasionally form a large central spot as described by Le-
conte nor is the underside " fusco-nigris " and anterior femora " fusco-
testaceis." D. crenicollis Horn is the only species known to me to
which this applies.

D. crenicollis Say was described from Mexico and it is rather
doubtful that this species occurs in the United States, at least Dr.
Horn's identification of that species does not agree with Say's descrip-
tion, which is given below.

Dec, 1919J Shaeffer: Notes on Chrysomelid^e. 335

''A. crenicollis. — Yellowish; thorax five-spotted; elytra with black
vittae. Inhabits Mexico.

" Body pale yellowish ; antennae blackish ; three basal joints honey-
yellow, with a black line above ; vertex with a black spot, thorax with
two small dots, and an abbreviated line arranged triangularly, black,
and a lateral, somewhat larger, oblique, oval indented black spot ;
scutel black; elytra impunctured, destitute of striae; a common sutural
black vitta, another in the middle, somewhat narrower than the inter-
vening portion, and a submarginal one ; pectus yellowish ; postpectus
and venter black, the latter with yellowish margins to the segments ;
feet honey-yellow ; tibiae and anterior and intermediate thighs with a
black line. Length % of an inch."

According to the above description crenicollis has a five-spotted
prothorax, a median elytral vitta which is a little narrower than the
preceding yellow space ; the underside yellowish, except the meta-
sternum and abdomen, which are black, the abdominal segments with
yellow margin ; legs honey yellow, tibiae, anterior and intermediate
femora with a black line above. Dr. Horn's crenicollis has the median
elytral vitta as wide or wider than the yellow space on either side, the
abdomen yellowish or pale brown, the tibiae and tarsi piceous, and the
femora, especially the posterior one, more or less infumate and
darker. Dr. Horn also states that it occurs from Xew York to south-
western Texas and Mexico, but I am rather doubtful of the occurrence
of this species so far north. In the New Jersey list Prof. Smith
records it from Hudson Co., Delaware valley and the Pine barren as
not rare, but they are undoubtedly wrongly identified. A specimen
from New Jersey received from Mr. Chas. Liebeck as crenicollis and
others from various places in New Jersey, from Long Island and
Kansas differ too much from the Texas specimens to be considered
the same. These specimens are less elongate, the antennal joints de-
cidedly shorter and stouter and the prothorax and especially the elytra
generally distinctly punctate. They are very close to arizoncc, except
that the abdomen is more densely punctate and the femora are gener-
ally clouded. It is possible that these are punctigcra Lee. described
from Kansas which name was placed as synonym of quinqucvitta by
Dr. Horn.

336 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVo1- xxvu.

Disonycha quinquerutata new species.

Above flavous ; head behind the eyes slightly darker, antennae except the
first joint below, two transverse spots on prothorax, a little above middle,
scutellum, a sutural, discal and marginal vittas black, the discal vitta narrower
than the pale space on each side ; a short line below the two discal spots on
the prothorax and a more or less distinct larger lateral spot castaneous ; body
below pale except metasternum, posterior femora and tibiae at apex and tarsi
black.

Head shining, moderately coarsely punctate near each eye, median part
smooth ; tubercles distinct and slightly darker ; antennas long, reaching beyond
the middle of elytra, joints rather narrow, third joint about twice as long as
second, fourth about as long as second and third together, from the fourth
slowly decreasing in length. Prothorax about twice as wide as long ; sides
feebly arcuately narrowing to apex; basal angles rounded; apical angles feebly
thickened, oblique ; surface smooth, shining. Elytra at base a little wider than
the prothorax at base ; sides feebly arcuate ; surface minutely obsoletely punc-
tate. Ventral segments of abdomen very densely and finely punctate ; pubes-
cence moderately long and dense. Length 5.75 mm.

Bill Williams Fork, Arizona, F. H. Snow (type) ; S. W. Utah (J.
Chr. Weidt).

I received this species as crenicollis (fumata Lee?) from Prof.
Snow, near which it has to be placed. The form is slightly narrower,
the antennae longer and the coloration is different. The Utah speci-
men I bought some years ago from J. Chr. Weidt with the above
name attached to it and supposed to be given by Dr. Horn, who identi-
fied some of his material.

Disonycha latifrons new species.

Above flavous ; head behind the eyes, labrum, antennae, except the first
joint below, two transverse spots on prothorax a little above middle, scutellum
and a sutural, discal and marginal vittae black, the discal vitta narrower than
the pale space on each side ; body below black, except underside of prothorax,
median part of mesosternum, and apex of penultimate and last ventral segment
flavous ; femora reddish-yellow, without black line above ; tibiae and tarsi black.

Head smooth, shining, a few punctures near each eye ; frontal tubercles
indistinct, the space between the antennal insertion and apex scarcely convex;
antennas reaching to about middle of elytra, third joint longer than second but
distinctly shorter than fourth, from the fourth gradually decreasing in length.
Prothorax about twice as wide as long ; sides* feebly arcuately narrowing to
apex; basal angles obtuse, feebly rounded; apical angles slightly thickened
and a little prominent ; surface smooth, shining. Elytra at base scarcely
wider than the prothorax; sides feebly arcuate; surface minutely reticulate

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Xotes on Chrysomelid.f:. .'!•";<

and with fine punctures. Ventral segments of abdomen rather densely punc-
tate and rugulose ; last segment sparsely punctate and rather smooth ; pubes-
cence moderately dense. Length 6.25 mm.

Fort Defiance, Arizona.

The type is in the Museum collection, others are in the collections
of Messrs. Win. T. Davis and Ernest Shoemaker, to whom I am in-
debted for specimens.

Following Dr. Horn's table this species would be associated with
his crenicomis, from which it differs in having stouter and shorter
antennae, the surface of the head smooth and even, the frontal tubercles
obliterated and the decidedly black underside. The sculpture of the
last ventral segment is in most of the species generally a little sparser
than on the other segments but in this species the sculpture of the last
ventral contrasts from that of the other segments, being nearly smooth
and the punctuation sparse.

Disonycha lodingi new species.

Form and coloration almost as in caroliniana. Head smooth, shining,
with a few punctures in a fovea-like impression near each eye ; frontal tuber-
cles distinct ; antennae rather narrow and elongate, reaching to or a little be-
yond middle of elytra, third joint longer than second, but not twice as long,
fourth longer than second and third together, from the fifth gradually decreas-
ing in length. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long ; sides gradually narrow-
ing to apex; basal angles distinct but obtuse; apical angles oblique; surface
smooth and shining. Elytra at base scarcely wider than the prothorax at base,
sides arcuate ; surface minutely reticulate with minute, obsolete, sparse punc-
tures. Ventral segments of abdomen densely punctate and pubescent. Length
6 mm.

DelchampSj Alabama (Ff. P. Loding).

In form and coloration this species looks at first sight almost ex-
actly as caroliniana but the antennae are much longer with narrower
joints and the ventral segments are more densely punctate than in that
species.

Disonycha alabamse new species.

Oblong oval ; above flavous : labrum, antennae except the first three joints,
scutellum, a sutural, discal and marginal vitta black ; the discal vitta broad
but placed nearer the lateral margin than the suture, and much wider than the
outer pale space but much narrower than the inner pale space. Below pale,
except the tibiae near apex and tarsi black.

338 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvn.

Head shining, moderately coarsely punctate above between the eyes, leav-
ing, however, a narrow, somewhat elevated smooth space at middle ; frontal
tubercles distinct but flat ; antennae scarcely reaching to the middle of elytra,
joints rather short and stout, second very smooth, third longer, but scarcely
as long as the first, the following joints equal or subequal to the third. Pro-
thorax slightly more than twice as wide as long; sides arcuate and feebly
narrowing to apex; basal angles distinct, obtuse; apical angles slightly
rounded ; surface minutely alutaceous with small, sparsely placed punctures.
Elytra not wider at base than the prothorax ; feebly shining, but minutely re-
ticulate, and finely punctate, punctures small and well separated. Ventral
segments of abdomen shining and relatively very sparsely punctate; feebly
pubescent. Length 5 mm.

Citronella, Alabama.

I have seen two specimens of this distinct little species and both
collected by Mr. Loding; one of these is in his collection.

From all our vittate species it differs in the position of the dorsal
vitta which is situated much nearer to the marginal than to the sutural
vitta. In Dr. Horn's arrangement it has to be placed near arizonce.

Disonycha discoidea Fab.
Var. D. abbreviata Melsh.

One of my specimens of discoidea from Kentucky has on each
elytron a pale, subbasal spot in the centre of the black discoidal blotch,
and also the apex of this spot is irregularly indented, suggesting the
possible occurrence of specimens with a more or less well defined
vitta. Vittate specimens would be very near abbreviata, which sug-
gested to me the possibility of D. abbreviata being only a variety of
D. discoidea. However, my specimens of the former were all from
New Braunfels or Brownsville, Texas, and showed sufficient differ-
ences to discard this view. Lately in some material, loaned to me by
Mr. Wm. T. Davis, I found a specimen from Kentucky which agrees
better with Melsheimer's description of abbreviata than the Texan
specimens. This is undoubtedly the true abbreviata, which was de-
scribed from Pennsylvania, and nothing more than a variety of dis-
coida. The Texas specimens look superficially very much like typical
abbreviata but show sufficient constant differences to entitle them to
a name.

Dec, 1919.] Shaeffer: Notes on Chr/somelid.e. 339

Disonycha texana new species.

Above flavous ; head behind the eyes, labrum more or less, antennae, ex-
cept the first joint below, scutellum and a sutural and discal vitta black; the
discal vitta about as wide as the pale space on each side ; body below pale but
metasternum, tibiae more or less and tarsi black.

Head smooth and shining, near each eye a foveiform puncture, frontal
tubercles scarcely distinct ; antennae short and stout, reaching to about middle
of elytra; second joint small, third longer but shorter than first, fourth a little
longer than third, from the fifth feebly decreasing in length. Prothorax about
twice as wide as long ; sides feebly rounded and gradually narrowing to base ;
basal angles obtuse ; apical angles slightly thickened and feebly rounded ; sur-
face smooth, shining; elytra slightly wider at base than the prothorax; sides
feebly arcuate; surface moderately showing, sparsely and very minutely punc-
tate. Ventral segments shining, sparsely punctate ; pubescence short and
sparse. Length 5.25 mm.

Brownsville (type) and New Braunfels, Texas.

This species undoubtedly stands in collections as abbreviata, but is
more parallel, the elytra almost smooth, the antennae shorter, and the
scutellum and metasternum are always black. The Mexican speci-
mens recorded with a little doubt as abbreviata by Mr. Jacoby in the
Biologia seem to be the same as the Texas specimens.

Phyllotreta liebecki new species.

Similar in form and color to vittata, but surface smoother and a little
more shining and aeneous ; elytra with a moderately broad yellow vitta ; ex-
tending to the extreme apex incurved at scutellum, dilated below humerus and
strongly so near apex, the apical part curved inwards, and extending to the
suture. Head alutaceous, distinctly punctate. Prothorax about twice wider
than long, sides arcuate, slightly narrowed in front, surface alutaceous, punc-
tures moderately coarse and close. Elytra slightly wider at base than the pro-
thorax, humeri obliquely rounded ; moderately coarsely punctate, punctures
much finer towards apex. Body beneath piceous, abdomen and posterior
femora with a feeble metallic tint; abdominal segments rather sparsely punc-
tate. Length 1.75 mm.

Male. — Last ventral rather feebly lobed with a moderate transverse im-
pression at tip; antennal joints two and three subequal, fourth distinctly
shorter than the preceding joint, fifth a little stouter than in vittata, sixth
short, oval, seventh to tenth subequal and less elongate than in vittata, eleventh
slightly longer than the preceding joint.

Female. — Third and fourth antennal joints nearly equal, fifth longer than
either the fourth or sixth, the latter elongate but shorter and less stout than
the seventh, seven to ten equal, eleventh a little longer than the tenth.

Enterprise, Florida.

340 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvh.

This species differs from vittata by the broad vitta which reaches
the apex where it extends to the sides and suture, more distinctly
metallic surface, smoother and more shining elytra and different male
sexual characters. It seems to be, however, more closely allied to
robusta, which seems to have a similar vitta but in that species the
fifth antennal joint is prolonged at apex and the last ventral has a
very deeply impressed median line.

For specimens of this species I am indebted to Mr. Chas. Liebeck
who called my attention to the possibly wrong identification of this
species as robusta by Mr. Blatchley.

A NEW CICADA OF THE GENUS MELAMPSALTA.

By Wm. T. Davis,
Stat en Island, N. Y.

For some time the writer has been convinced that the little green
Cicada mentioned by Thomas Say in connection with his Cicada par-
vula, now considered to be the same as Melampsalta calliope Walker,
was really a distinct species separated by its smaller head, differently
shaped body and genitalia, also by having five apical cells in hind wing.

Pending a longer paper on the genus with illustrations, the follow-
ing description is presented.

Melampsalta kansa new species.

Type male, Meade, Kansas, July (Warren Knaus). Davis collection.

Allotype female, Tascosa, Texas, June 28, 1919 (Miss M. McGill). Davis
collection.

Head small, not quite as broad across the eyes as the width of the pro-
notum ; wings proportionately broader than in calliope, uncus when viewed in
profile not as curved as in that species ; body slim with the sides more parallel
than in calliope, and in the female the abdomen tapers more gradually. The
ocelli are ruby colored as in calliope, but the body color and venation of the
wings is grass green and not straw colored, and the male is without blackish
marks on the thorax. The membranes at the base of both pairs of wings are
almost white in color. Beneath the opercula are ample and rounded at the
extremities, which come quite close together, whereas in calliope the extremi-
ties are quite far apart. The notch in the last ventral segment of the female

Dec, 1919.] Davis: A New Cicada. 341

is deep in both species. The color of the underside is gxe< ". but lighter than
above, and the tarsal claws, spines on fore femora, tip of rostrum and ovi-
positor, are darkened. In this species the mail ire more n< iriy
of the same size than in calliope from Kansas and Nebraska.

Measurements in Millimeters.

Male Type. Female Allotype.

Length of body 13.5 15

Width of head across eyes 4 4

Expanse of fore wings 31 33

In addition to the type and allotype the following specimens have
been examined :

Kansas. — Ellis Co., July 13, two females, received through Paul B.
Law son and M. C. Tanquary from Dept. of Entomology, Kansas State
Agricultural College. I have seen three other green specimens from
Kansas.

Texas. — Fredericksburg, Gillespie Co., May 29, 1906, male (J.
D. Mitchell).

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

A dark form of Stagmomantis floridensis. — In the original descrip-
tion of this species published in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ento-
mological Society, February, 1919, the statement was made that all
of the twelve females examined, including the type, were green in
color. Lately Mr. Joseph Lienhart was requested to secure any man-
tids that he saw, and as a result he sent one male, six green and two
brown females of Stagmomantis floridensis from Rye. Manatee
County, Florida, collected in September and October, 1919. While
gray and brownish specimens of Stagmomantis Carolina are not un-
common, the two above mentioned dark-colored floridensis are the
first to be recorded. The discal spot on the tegmina in these speci-
mens is more pronounced than in the green individuals of the same
species. — Wm. T. Davis.

A belated Tibicina cassinii. — Dr. Leonard Haseman, of the Uni-
versity of Missouri, has kindly sent to me a letter from Mi-- Mary K.
Dewey of Luray, Clark County, Missouri, together with the C

342 Journal New York Entomological Society. lYoi. xxvii.

mentioned therein, concerning which Miss Dewey reports as follows:
" Enclosed find a box containing a cicada. Last Wednesday (October
I5> ^P)* while spending the day in the woods, I heard the notes of a
cicada and the enclosed is what I found. It was on a maple tree.
What kind of a cicada is it, and what is it doing out of the ground
this time of the year?"

The cicada was a male Tibicina cassinii (Fisher), usually con-
sidered a variety of the seventeen-year cicada, and Miss Dewey may
well ask what it was doing out of ground as late as October 15. As is
well known Tibicina cassinii normally appears about the last week in
May, together with the larger Tibicina septendecim, or its thirteen-
year race, and by the middle of July the insects are all dead, so the
record of this remarkably delayed individual is of much interest. Dr.
Haseman reports that the insect was apparently freshly collected when
it reached his hands.

Cicadas of the genus Tibicen are often heard late in the fall, and
this year several Tibicen sayi were singing at St. George, Staten
Island, as late as October 11, a very warm day. With the, seventeen-
year cicada and its variety, it is, however, usualy very different, and
as has been stated the insects are commonly all dead by mid-summer.
— Wm. T. Davis.

Miscellaneous Collecting Notes for 1919.1 — Butterfly collecting, in
the vicinity of New York City, has been, like last season, exceedingly
poor. Until nearly the end of March there was every promise of a
very early spring and hopes ran high for a good collecting year. This
was borne out by a very early butterfly record by A. B. Klots, viz.,
a male specimen of Lyccenopsis pseudoargiolus f. vern. lucia, on
March 25.

On the night of March 27, however, a very severe frost set in, the
cold spell lasting until April 2. Relatively few pseudargiolns were
noted after this. On April 25 we were treated to another severe frost,
this being the coldest April 25 in the history of the Weather Bureau,
the minimum temperature being 270 F. This cold weather only lasted
two days. It seems possible that these two cold spells have had some-
thing to do with the poor collecting.

A trip to Greenwood Lake, N. J., was made on May 4 with Mr. E.

1 Read before The New York Entomological Society, Oct. 7, 1919.

Dec, 1919J Miscellaneous Xotes. 343

L. Bell and some friends. The collecting was very poor, only eleven
species and two varieties of butterflies being noted. Among these was
S. geneutia, which was rather common, and a single Incisalis henrici,
captured by Mr. Bell.

Some of the Rhopalocera which were very common this year are,
P. glaucus, P. troilus, V . virginicnsis, V. atalanta and D. archippus.
V. cardui, absent for several seasons, is with us this year, though not
very common. E. philodice is commoner than it was last year but is
by no means in its normal abundance. Danaits archippus Fabricius
has been to date, very scarce, only about one half dozen specimens and
one larva being observed, which records were all in September. This
is the first year that I can remember of this species being scarce.

Microlepidoptera were plentiful throughout the season. Larvae, in
contrast with last season,2 have been quite numerous.

Butterfly Migration. — A steady stream, of what was taken to 'be
Catopsilia cubulc were observed about noon on September 4, flying
due north across Charleston Harbor, S. C. A light wind was blowing,
probably northwest; later in the day it became a fresh breeze from
the east. About one dozen of these butterflies were in sight at a time
across the harbor. They flew about 5 to 15 feet above the water.
With the cubulc ? were a few Polygonia sp. (John T. Nichols).

A swarm of a Pierid, looking very much like Tachyris margarita
on the wing, was observed Sept. 3, about 25 miles from shore, and
about 50 miles north northeast of Cape Hatteras, X. C. They flew
about 25 feet above the water and were headed about south southeast
with a light wind behind them. The number of individuals seen is
estimated at fifty, one being seen every two to three minutes, the
swarm passing by in about two hours (John T. Nichols).

Catopisilia cubulc, three or four seen at Mastic. Long Island. X. Y.,
Sept. 14 (John T. Xichols). — Frank E. Watsox.

2 Butterfly Collecting for the Season of 191S, Watson, Jx. N. Y. Ext. Soc,
1918, XXVI, p. 228.

344 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVoL xxvn.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of May 20.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:15 P.M., on May 20, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History,
Mr. Harry G. Barber in the chair, with sixteen members and two visitors
present.

The Librarian reported accessions and valuable donations from Mrs. Edw.
D. Harris, which latter the Secretary was instructed to gratefully acknowledge.

The Treasurer reported a donation of $25 from Mr. Howard Notman,
which he had acknowledged for the Society.

Dr. Bequaert, for the Field Committee, reported further on the Decoration
Day excursion to Great Piece Meadow.

Letters were read from Pres. L. B. Woodruff and from Mr. R. P. Dow.

Mr. Burns exhibited a new lining for insect boxes called " Universal
Insulite " made by the Fireproof Products Co., 257 East 133d St., New York,
for building purposes. It is a wood pulp preparation, soft enough to take the
pin easily and so elastic that no permanent hole is made by the pin. No
corrosion of the pin seemed liable to occur. The price, four cents per square
foot, was an added advantage.

Mr. Engelhardt spoke of bolsa wood as another substitute for cork linings,
that was very satisfactory but unfortunately not cheap.

Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a box of Chr^somelidre and spoke at length of
their taxonomy and synonymy. As his remarks will be printed later in full,
they are not reported here except as to the local record for Agelastica alni L.
which had been taken by Mr. Engelhardt on his office window in Brooklyn ;
and the raising by the same member of the longhorn Saperda liomi Joutel,
from willow sent to him by Tom Spalding, from Provo, Utah, which greatly
extended the range previously recorded, viz : No. Cal., Wash.

Mr. Shoemaker exhibited a large number of Coleoptera he had found
near Washington, D. C, including Cicindela unipunctata, July 12, near Mt.
Vernon, Va., the second specimen recorded from vicinity of D. C, Euphoria
herbacea, found flying rapidly near Great Falls, Lebia, Amara, Oberea flavipes
and ritficollis, Disonycha discoidea and a great copperhead snake, 22Y\" long,
from Great Falls, Va., July 13, 1918, with which he had personal experience.

Mr. Olsen exhibited and commented on some of the Hemiptera Mr. Shoe-
maker had found.

Dr. Bequaert exhibited some beetles from nests of the ant Formica
exsectoides, including Megastilicus formicaritts, Hetcerius brunnipennis, two
species of Pselaphidae, etc., from Greenwood Lake, N. J.

Dec, 1919.] Proceedings of the Society. 345

Meeting of October 7.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held on
October 7, iqiq, in the American Museum of Natural History, President L. B.
Woodruff in the chair, with nineteen members and several visitors present.

Dr. Lutz announced the death, on September 12, of Dr. E. G. Love, a
former officer of the Society and long its delegate to the Scientific Alliance.
The Secretary was instructed to enter this minute expressing the regret of the
Society and to convey the same by mail to his family.

Greetings were received from W. J. Chamberlin and Raymond C. Osburn.

Mr. Davis referred to the death in an aeroplane accident of the entomolo-
gist Emerson Liscum Diven, who made a survey of cotton cultures by aeroplane
from Brownsville to El Paso, Texas.

The President called for reports of summer collecting —

Mr. Hall had visited Mt. Washington, with poor success on account of
cold and wind.

Mr. Comstock had visited New Orleans, with small opportunities which
had, however, yielded some interesting Lepidoptera.

Mr. Watson made a report upon the season's collecting locally, which will
be printed elsewhere.

Mr. Bell had spent the last two weeks of July in northern Vermont, col-
lecting Lepidoptera.

Mr. Shoemaker had spent July 5 to July 12 in the Catskill Mountains de-
voting his energy in part to sugaring, with good results in Lepidoptera and
with a dozen Cychrus viduus also caught at sugar. September 13 to Septem-
ber 23 had been spent about Washington, D. C. Cicindela splendida and var.
transversa was found near Mt. Vernon on a path through the woods. Several
rare Carabids were found at Black Pond, up the river, including Cychrus
ridingsi and shocmakeri.

Mr. Burns had spent a week at Ithaca, four days at Wading River, L. I.,
and many days on Staten Island. Hippopsis lemniscata was thereby added to
Staten Island List. He showed also a collection of Asilidae.

Dr. Bequaert exhibited Ceraturgus aurulentus Fab. type locality of which
was New York, though until ten years ago, when C. W. Johnson found it
in New Jersey, it was regarded as a lost species. Dr. Bequaert's specimen was
found in Van Cortlandt Park and in Mr. Burns's box was another from
Singac, N. J. He also exhibited Promachus rufipes, one of the largest robber
flies, P. fitchi and Bombylius incanus, the latter from Blue Hills, where with
Prof. Wheeler he had found very good collecting. The vicinity of Boston
appealed strongly to him and the Arnold Arboretum was specially fine for
insects.

Mr. Barber reported poor results at Great Piece Meadow and Lakehurst,
N. J., and at Falls City, Nebraska, where he had spent two months.

Mr. Olsen exhibited Eutcttix osborni Ball, identified by Dr. Ball, found
September 4 on Tamarisk growing in Museum grounds. This species was

346 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvii.

described from Texas and has not yet been found at any intermediate locality.

Dr. Bequaert suggested that it might possibly prove to have been intro-
duced with the tree.

Mr. Sherman had spent the summer at Peaks Island, near Portland, Me.,
making an auto excursion to Eastport, where he camped for four days at Lake
Meddybemps with forest all around it. The peat bog behind the forest yields
a supply of surgical sphagnum and contains puddles in which live desirable
species of Hydroporus. Later in the summer Mr. Sherman had visited Mr.
Henshaw, who grows younger every year, he said, and Mr. Fall, at Tyngsboro,
and then camped on August 9, at Hermit Lake, in the White Mountains where
Scutoptents angustits again rewarded his search.

Mr. Nicolay reported his capture of Buprestis Salisbury ensis at Malaga,
N. J., Anthophllax viridis and Centrodera decolorata in the Pocono Moun-
tains, Pa., Chrysobothris blanchardi at Kingston, R. I., and Cychrus canadensis
in the Shawangunk Mountains, N. Y.

He spoke also of the spreading of Plagiodera versicolora, which has be-
come a pest about Orange and Maplewood, N. J.

Mr. Weiss said he had been working with Mr. Dickerson on insects affect-
ing evening primrose and upon fungus insects of which a list of about 100
species was now ready.

Dr. Lutz spoke briefly of his expedition to Colorado, where most of his
collecting had been done at elevation running from 7,000 to 13,500 feet. He
had started at the southern border 3,500 ft. elevation, but had soon reached
greater elevations, so that Colorado collecting began in that respect where Mt.
Washington left off.

Mr. Mutchler reported the important gifts received by the Museum of the
late Charles Palm's collection of Coleoptera and of the Cerambychidae and
Scarabasidse of Geo. W. J. Angell's collection.

Mr. Neilsen reported local work in Westchester County, N. Y.

Mr. Davis agreed with Messrs. Watson, Bell and Hall that butterflies had
been scarce; he reported Callidryas eubule on Staten Island September 13,
and said that for many years that species had appeared there about the middle
of September. He also read a paper on Katydids (which will be published in
the Journal) showing their possible extinction on Staten Island, though still
plentiful on Long Island.

This subject and its cause were discussed by Dr. Lutz, who thought it
might result from parasites unduly multiplied and by Miss Brace and Dr.
Marchand, who were present as visitors. The latter spoke of the great
abundance of Microcentrum at Princeton, N. J., in the fall of 19 17.

Meeting of October 21.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., October 21, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History,
Vice-president John D. Sherman, Jr., in the chair, with seventeen members
present.

Dec, 1919-] Proceedings of the Society. 347

Mr. J. William Decker, 250 East 21st St., New York City, was elected
a member.

Letters from Mrs. E. G. Love to Mr. Woodruff, indicating a desire to
sell her husband's collections, were read. A portrait of the late Edw. D.
Harris in the " Xew York Genealogical and Biographical Record " was ex-
hibited.

Mr. Davis read a paper on " Cicadas of the genus Okanagana," especially-
interesting in establishing the route of Xuttall's expedition, on which the types
of many of Say's species were collected. Numerous specimens were exhibited.

Dr. Bequaert made some " Remarks on the North American Fossorial
Wasps of the genus Aporinellus " illustrated by specimens and prefaced by
an account of the collecting places afforded by Boston's park system.

Mr. Weiss gave some " Notes on Fungus Insects " illustrated by specimens
of the insects and their food. These papers will all be printed later.

Mr. Sturtevant exhibited Syrphidae from Woods Hole, Mass.

Mr. Comstock spoke of the cotton moth swarming at Washington, D. C,
October 1, 1919, and abundant at Nashua, N. H., October 5 and 6.

Mr. Davis reported the same moth abundant at Rye. N. Y., and on Staten
Island, October 12, two specimens even traveling with him on the Staten
Island ferry boat.

Meetixg of November 4.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., on November 4, 1919, in the Public Museum of the Staten Island
Institute of Arts and Sciences, President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with
eight members and eleven visitors present.

Mr. Davis reported for Outing Committee four members, accompanied by
Mr. Chapin, had spent the afternoon sifting in the Clove Valley.

Mr. Leng presented for Dr. Da\id Sharp, Brockenhurst, England, a con-
tinuation of his Studies in Rhynchophora entitled " The Sexes of Conotrachelus
brevisetis Champ " which was referred to the Publication Committee.

Dr. W. Marchand, 226 East 15th St., New York City, was proposed for
active membership by Mr. Watson.

Dr. Bequaert spoke on " Collecting Experiences in the Dark Continent "
illustrating his remarks with lantern slides. He showed first the location of
the rain-forest and grass-land and then gave illustrations of the fauna and
flora of each. Among the insects the Tsetse fly received special attention from
its economic importance, but characteristic wasps, ants, termites, etc., were
also shown. His presentation of the subject was closely followed by the mem-
bers and greatly enjoyed.

Mr. Tames P. Chapin gave some of his personal experiences in the same
region.

Mr. Davis exhibited the house cricket of Europe, Gryllus domestkus.
found at Prince's Bay. Staten Island, in the dwelling of Mrs. Hucklenbruck.
He also exhibited a specimen of Tibicen cassinii Fisher, received from Mr.

348 Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvu.

C. Haseman, Luray, Clark Co., Mo., with the date October 15, and commented
on its unusual lateness, its date of appearance on Staten Island being the
month of June.

Mr. Burns exhibited a branch of ash one inch in diameter and about three
feet long, the surface of which was entirely covered by the workings of the
Scolyted beetle Hylesinus aculentus, saying that he had found it during the
afternoon in the Clove Valley.

Meeting of November 18.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., November 18, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History,
President L. B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and two
visitors, Dr. Janvrin, of the Linnean Society, and Mr. Herbert Ruckes, of Cor-
nell University, present.

Dr. W. Marchand, 226 East 15th St., New York City, was elected an
active member of the Society. Letters were read from R. P. Dow and L. R.
Reynolds. Mr. Davis exhibited photographs of the field meeting of November
4 and of the authors of the Rhynchophora of N. E. America.

Mr. Woodruff spoke of " Some Membracids of the genus Ophiderma" and
exhibited the insects referred to. Mr. Notman gave " Notes on some species
of Bembidium " illustrated by series collected by himself in the Adirondacks.
These papers will be printed.

Mr. Wm. T. Davis showed a female of the Noctuid moth Merolonche
dolli Barnes and McDonnough, collected at Lakehurst, N. J., April 29. The
specimen is rubbed but evidently belongs to the species mentioned, which has
not before been reported from the state of New Jersey. The species was de-
scribed and figured in " Contributions to the Lepidoptera of North America,"
vol. IV, 2, May 15, 1918, and the type came from Central Park, Long Island,
N. Y.

Mr. Olsen spoke of the accident by which Mr. Nielsen had suffered a
fractured heel bone.

Mr. Woodruff exhibited the insects he had collected during his recent
stay in California.

Meeting of December 2.

A regular meeting of the New York Entomological Society was held at
8:00 P.M., on December 2, 1919, in the American Museum of Natural History,
President Lewis B. Woodruff in the chair, with seventeen members and sev-
eral visitors present, including Mr. Herbert Ruckes, Mr. Carl Heinrich and
Mr. H. H. Johnson.

On motion by Dr. Lutz, the Secretary was instructed to request the Publi-
cation Committee to have actual date of publication appear on each number
of the Journal.

Dr. Lutz read a letter from Dr. Raymond C. Osborn, identifying the fol-
lowing flies :

Dec, 1919.] Proceedings of the Society. 349

Eumerus strigatus. Introduced from Europe, known from Canada, Ohio,
etc., and found by Dr. Lutz at Ramsey, N. J.

Criorhina pictipes. North Carolina, Ohio and also found by Dr. Lutz at
Ramsey, N. J., and new to New Jersey List.

Xanthogramma emarginata, a male in which the second and third ab-
dominal bands are not emarginate but separate.

Mr. Davis exhibited Stagmomantis and made some remarks that will be
printed in short notes.

Mr. Leng exhibited Dinapate wrightii Horn.

Mr. Heinrich, present as a guest, spoke of his pleasure at being able to
attend the meeting.

Mailed April 17, 1920.

Index to Names of Insects and
Plants in Volume XXVII.

Generic names begin with a capital, specific names with a small letter.
New genera, subgenera, species, subspecies, varieties and nomina nova are
printed in italics.

Abrostola

microvalis, 124
Acanthophysa, 81, 90

echinata, 91
Acilius

semisulcatus, 94
Acmaeops

pratensis, 97
Acontia

delecta, 57, 111
Acrolocha

diffusa, 96
Adalia

bipunctata, 65
Agabus

anthracinus, 94

infuscatus, 94

seriatus, 94
Agapostemon

splendens, 66

virescens, 66
Agelastica

alni, 332
Agonoderus

panuerculus, 93
Aknisus, So, 81

calvns, 81, 85

multispinus, 81, S2
Aleochara

bipustulata, 95
Aloconota

sulcifrons, 95
Amara

apricaria, 93

erratica, 93

fallax, 93

humilis, 232

interstitialis, 93

remotestriata, 93

subaenea, 93

Ambrosia

trifida, 61
Anaea

andria, 161

portia, 160
Andrena

apacheorum, 298
Anisodactylus

baltimorensis, 93

depressus, 236
Anisosticta

strigata 96
Anisotoma

assimilis, 95
Anomcea

arizonica, 323

hogei, 323

humerigera, 324

militaris, 324

mutabilis, 323

nitidicollis, 322

hogei, 323
Anthidium

emarginatum, 300

porterae, 300

tenuiflorse, 300
Anthophilax

viridis, 346
Anthophora

montana, 300

smithi, 300
Apenes

hilariola, 234
Aphidoletes

recurvata, 278
Aphodius

fimetarius, 97
Aphrastus

taeniatus, 67

350

Index to Xames of Insects and Plants.

351

Apion

hibisci, 47, 49
Apris

malvae, 64

medicaginis, 64
Arcyanis

alope, 112
Argynnis

atlantis, 112
Asynapta

borealis, 285

dolens, 285

furcata, 285

saliciperda -
Atalopedes

campestris, 160
Atheta

euryptera. 95

nigritula, 95

virginica, 93
Atymna

pilasa, 273

querci. 250
Autographa

alias, 125

alta, 125

angulidens, 298

californica, 123

celsa

sierra, 123, 126

diversigna. 120, 12:

excelsa, 125

interalia, 122, 125

magnifica, 124. 126

microvalis, 126

mortuorum, 122

octoscripta, 123, 124

parvula, 126

rectangula, 122, 125
nargenta, 122, 123

sackeni. 118, 119, 120, 121, 125

snowi, 118, 119, 120, 121, 125

Basilarchia

weidemeyeri, 298
Belonogaster, 104
Bembidium

anguliferum, 93

approximatum, 293

arcuatum, 293, 294, 295

bimaculatum, 92

concolor, 92

dentellum, 293, 294, 295

dilaticolle. 229

flammulatum, 293, 294

graciliforme, 293, 294

grapei, 292, 296

incrematura, 293, 294

indistinctum, 293

lengi, 292

maeklini, 296

micans,

muscicola. 296

mutatum, 93

nigripes, 292, 293

nitidum, 92

occultator, 295

patruela, 293

planatum, 296

planiusculura. 296

posticum, 293

pro.vimum, 296

quadratulum, 296

quadrifoveolatum, 296

semicinctum, 296

simplex, 296

viator, 296

versicolor, 92
Berytus

muticus, 87
Bidessus

affinis, 93
Blygonia

comma, 112
Bombus

auricomus, 67

bifarius, 300

bimaculatus, 67

fervidus, 67

impatiens, 67

juxtus, 300
Brachycentrus, 157

nigrisoma, 158
Brachypremna

Candida, 150

unicolor, 150
Brachys

serosa, 112

ovata. 112

tesselata, 112
Bremia

borealis

sylvestris, 289
Bruchus

discoideus, 66

hibisci, 49. 51
Buprestis

connexa. 241

fasciata. 241

salisburyensis, 346

viridisuturalis, 241

352

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- xxvil.

Cacama

californica, 70, 75, 79

carbonaria, 70, 79

crepitans, 70, 73, 79

dissimilis, 68, 70, 71, 79

furcata, 69, 72, 79

longirostris, 68, 69, 70, 78

maura, 68, 70, 78, 79

valvata, 69, 70, 79

variegata, 70, 73, 79
Ccelambus

insequalis, 93

impressopunctatus, 93

suturalis, 93
Calathus

ingratus, 93
Calligrapha

elegans, 97
Calliopsis

coloradensis, 299
Callydrias

eubule, 346
Camptomyia

sestiva, 278

antennata, 286

dentala, 286

montana, 286

monticola, 281

pectinata, 287
Catopsilia

eubule, 114, 161, 343
Centrodera

decolorata, 346
Centrogonia

ciliata, 270

elegans, 271

lutea, 269

piiiguicornis, 270
Ceraturgus

aurulentus, 345
Cicada

hespera, 180

striatipes, 180

utahensis, 180

rimosa, 180
Cicindela

12-guttata, 92

limbalis, 92

longilabris, 92

tranguelbarica, 92

unipunctata, 344
Chaetocnema

irregularis, 97

quadricollis, 52
Chlamys

confasa, 325

memnomca, 324, 325

mcestifica, 325

plicata, 325

prosternalis, 325
Chauliognathus

pennsylvanicus, 66
Choleva

luridipennis, 94

terminans, 94
Chrysobothris

blanchardi, 346
Clambus

puberulus, 95
Clisodon

terminalis1, 67
Coccinella

9-notata, 65

transversoguttata, 96

trifasciata, 96
Colaspis

brunnea, 329

costipennis, 329
viriditinctus, 329

subcenea, 328
Colon

clavatum, 94, 99

elongatum, 94, 98

inerme, 99
Colpodota

atterima, 95

parva, 95
Colymbetes

sculptilis, 94
Conosoma

littoreum, 95
Conotelus

obscurus, 66
Conotrachelus

fissunguis, 44, 46, 47
Coptodera

unicolor, 234
Corticaria

dentigera, 96

serrata, 96

valida, 96
Corymbites

virens, 97
Crabro

latipes, 298
Crambidia

casta, 298
Creniphilus

digestus, 94

subcupreus, 94
Crepidodera

robusta, 97

Index to Names of Ixsects and Plants.

353

Criocephalus

agrestis, 97
Criorhina

pictipes. 349
Cryptocephalus

guttulatellus, 327

guttulatus, 327

ocellatus, 327

pinicolus, 326

pubiventris, 326

quatuordecempustulatus, 3 2 7

quadrimaculatus, 326
notatus, 327

quadruplex, 326
Cryptoserphes, 2, 6

abruptus. 6, 7, 18

belfragei. 6

clypeatus. 6

flavipes. 6, 8. 18

melanderi, 8. 18

obsoletus. 6, 7

occidentalis, 7, iS
Cychrus

canadensis. 346

ridingsi. 345

shoemakeri, 345

viduus. 345
Cymbiodyta

lacustris. 94
Cymindis

cribricollis. 93
Cyphon

variabilis. 97

Danaus

archippus. 160, 343
Debis

portlandia, 112
Diabrotica

12-punctata, 66
Dicranomyia

apicata. 135

fumosa, 135

jorgenseni, 134

parishi. 134
rteri, 133
Dicrodiplosis

insolcns, 288
Didactylomyia

sta. 282
Dinapate

wrighti. 349
Dione

vanillic. 160
Dirhiza

canadensis. 27S

hamata, 278

multiarticulata, 278
Disonycha

alabanur. 337

arizonse, 338

capitata, 334

caroliniana. 337

crenicollis. 334, 335, 336

discoidea, 338

abbreviata, 338

fumata, 334

latifrons. 336

lodingi. 337

pura. 334

quinquerutata, 336

quinquevittata, 333, 334
Dissosteira

Carolina. 19
Dyschirius

aeneolus, 92
Dytiscus

dauricus. 94

marginalis, 19
Dorcasta

obtusa, 108
Donacia

aequalis, 314

cincticornis. 314

distincta. 315. 316

dives, 318

edentata, 312

emarginata, 309

femoralis. 318

flavipennis. 318

germari, 318

glabra ta. 313

harrisi. 308. 317

hirticollis. 316 .

liebecki, 314. 315

magnifica, 310

megacornis, 313

metallica. 31S

part'idens, 311

palmata, 311, 312

proxima, 309, 310

episcopalis, 309
californica, 309, 310

pubicollis. 309

pusilla, 317
robusta.

rufa. 309

rufescens, 310

serricaitda. 30'.

subtilis. 313, 315

texana. 311

torosa. 316

354

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Donacia tuberculata, 317
tuberculifrons, 315

Elaphrus

ruscarius, 92
Ellychnia

corrusca, 97
Elaphila

fulicalis, 263, 265
Emphor

bombiformis

albojulatus, 67
Empoasea

mali, 64
Ephemerella, 156
Epiphragma

varia, 147
Epurea

ornatula, 96, 102

boreela, 102
Erastria

amaturaria, 65
Eriocera

argentina, 148

cohimbiana, 147
Eoctenes

intermedius, 262

spasmae, 262
Euaesthetus

americanus, 95
Eumerus

striatus, 349
Euphoria

herbacea, 344
Euptoieta

claudia, 160
Eurema

delia, 160

euterpe, 159

jucunda, 160

nicippe, 160
Eurymus

alexandra, 298

eurytheme

amphidusa, 159

interior, 112

laurentica, 112

phillodice, 112, 159
Euryscelis

suturalis, 243
Eutettix

osborni, 345
Euthisanotia

grata, 57

unio, 57
Euvanessa

antiopa, 298

Exallonyx, 2, 9

angusticeps, 918
ashmeadi, 10, 13
californicus, n
canadensis, 11
carinatus. 11, 14, 18
dentaticornis, 10
femoratus, 10, 12
fuscicornis, 10, 12, 18
grandis, 11, 17, 19
longiceps, 10, 18
obscuripes, 10
pallidicornis, 11, 14, 18
parvulus, 11, 15, 19
placidus, 10, 18
plenralis, 10, 14, 18
quadriceps, 10. 12
serricornis, 10, 18
similis, 10, 18
simplicior, 11, 18
simulans, 11

Feltiella

emarginata, 278
Fenesica

tarquinius, 112
Furconomyia

fumosa, 135

Gsertneria

tomentosa, 298
Galerucella

decora, 97
Gastroidea

polygoni, 97
Gelechia

hibiscella, 53, 55

ochreostrigella, 56
Geodromicus

brunneus, 95
Geranomyia

lineata, 137

nigripleura, 136

scolopax, 137
Ginglymyia

acrirosrtris, 263, 264, 265
Gnophomyia

aperta, 145

arcuata, 145

caloptera, 146

cockerelli, 145

decisa, 145

ferruginea, 145

hirsuta, 146

lachrymosa, 143, 145

laticincta, 142, 146

luctuosa, 144, 145

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

355

Gnophomyia maestitia, 145, 146

magnifica, 145

nigrina, 145

olsonii, 144, 145

osten sackeni, 146

pervicax, 146

rufithorax, 145

subhyalina, 144, 146

tristissima, 145
Gonomyia

extensa, 140

gladiator, 138

pleuralis, 138

product a, 139

scimitar, 139, 140

slossonae, 138

subcostata, 137
Grapta

J — album, 112
Gryllus

domesticus, 347
Gyrinus

picipes, 94
Gyrophaena

lobata, 95
Gymnetron

teter, 67

Halictoides

oryx, 299
Halictus

cressoni, 298

euriceps, 298

hemimelas, 299

phaceliarum, 299

ruidosensis, 298

subconnexus, 299

synthyridis, 299
Haliplus

borealis, 93
Haltica

ignita, 97
Harpalus

cordifer, 235

cyrtonotoides, 234

fulvilabris, 113

vividiaeneus, 93
Helianthus

lenticularis. 298
Heliomeris

multiflora, 298
Heliothis

suavis, 120
Helophorus

inquinatus, 94

linearis, 94

lineatus, 94

nitidulus, 94
Hemischizus

intermedius, 262

talpa. 262
Heptagenia, 156
Hesperoctenes

longiceps, 261, 262, 263
Hibiscus

mosheutos, 39, 45

oculirosens, 40
Hippodamia

abbreviata, 174

abducens, 169

ambigua, 172

americana, 168

apicalis, 166

coccinea, 171, 172

cockerelli, 167, 169

complex, 168

convergens, 65, 163, 168, 170

crotchi, 168

dispar, 169

11 — punctata, 163

expurgata, 166

extensa, 163, 171, 174

glacialis, 171, 174

lecontei, 163, 168

leporina, 172

lilliputana, 169

lunatomaculata, 166

moesta, 163, 168, 170

mulsanti, 169

obliqua, 172

parenthesis, 165, 166

politissima, 172

puncticollis, 169

punctulata, 172

5 — signata, 163, 169, 171

15 — maculata, 163, 167, 169

remota, 174

sinuata, 167, 168

spuria, 168

subsimilis, 172, 174

tibialis, 165

13 — punctata, 65, 164. 165

tridens, 165

trivittata, 168

uteana, 172, 173

vernix. 171, 172
Hippopsis

lemniscata. 345
Hirmoneura

bradleyi, 301, 306

brevirostris, 305

clausa, 305

356

Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. xxvu.

Hirmoneura flavipes, 305, 306
obscura, 305
psilotes, 305, 306
texana, 305
Hister

lecontei, 96
Holoneurus

inflatus, 287
Homalium

for'aminosum, 96
Homophoeta

abdominalis, 333
Hoplinus

multispinus, 82
Hydnobius

substriatus, 95
Hydraena

pennsylvanica. 94
Hydrobius

fuscipes, 94
Hydroporus
articus, 94
morio, 93
niger, 94
tenebrosus, 94
tristis, 94
stagnalis, 94
Hyperdiplosis

americana, 291
eupatorii, 291
insolens, 291
Hypolampsis

pilosa, 97
Hyrmophloeha

brevirostris, 306
texana, 306

Icaria, 105
Idechthis

gelechiae, 56
Idiocerus

cingulatus, 127

cognatus, 126, 129

distinguendus, 126

rufus, 126, 127
Ilybius

pleuriticns. 94
' Incisalia

henrici, 343
Ips

bipunctatus, 96

Joannisia

borealis, 280
neomexicana, 280

Jalysus

elongatus, 85, 86
macer, 85

multispinosus, 82, 84
perclavatus, 82, 84
sobrinus, 85, 86
spinosus, 85, 86

wickhami, 86
tenellus, 85

Karschiomyia

viburni, 278
Konisomyia

borealis, 279

fusca, 279

Laccobius

agilis, 94
Laccophilus

inconspicuus, 93
Lathrobium

tenebrosum, 99
picescens, 99
humile, 100
Leiosecta

brunnea, 268
nitida, 268
Lema

arizoncc, 320
balteata, 320
confusa, 321

omogera, 321
trabeata, 321
equestris, 320, 321
lebioides, 321
longipennis, 320
notativentris, 322
nigrovittata, 2,22
opulenta, 321
ornata, 321
solani, 320
trilineata, 322
Leptopeltastes

longiscutellata, 177
Lerodea

eufala, 160
Lestodiplosis

asclepiae, 292
satiata, 2^2
triangularis, 292
Limnobia

varia, 147
Limnophila

epiphragmoides, 146, 147
victor, 146

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

357

Limnophilella, 146
Lobodiplosis

acerina, 278

borealis, 289
Lycaenopsis

pseudargiolus
lucia, 342
Lycoderes

gaffa. 277

triangiilata, 2-6

Megachile

relativa, 300
Megarthrus

angulicollis, 96
Melampsalta

kansa. 340

konsa, 340
Melanophthalma

americana, 96

picta. 96
Menanoplus

femur-rubrum, 20
Melasoma

arizonae, 330

californica, 330

confluens. 330

depressa, 330

immaculata. 330

obsoleta, 330

scripta

texana, 331

tremulae, 330
Meli-sodes

bimaculata, 67

grindeliae, 300
Melolontha

vulgaris, 19
Membracis

humilis

aurora. 267
Merolonche

dolli, 348
Meroscenis

scutellata, 175. 176
Metacanthus

capitatus, 88

decorus, 88
Metachroma

novemstriatum, 328

texanum, 328
Miscodera

arctica, 93
Mongoma

fracrillima. 141
Mongomella

pallida, 141

Mongomioides

trentepohlii, 140
Monohammus

scutellatus, 97
Monumetha

albifrons, 300
Mordella

octonotata, 66
Morumba

modesta

occidentalis, 113
Mycetoporus

lepidus, 95
Mycodiplosis

aestiva, 290

carolinae, 278

cyanoccoci, 278

intermedia, 290

lenis, 290

obscura, 290

robusta, 290

variabilis, 278

Xecrobia

violacea, 97
Necrophorus

sayi. 94
Neocatocha

syh'ana, 280
Neohirmoneura, 306
Neolasioptera

hibisci. 62
Neomongonna

disjuncta, 140, 141
Neides, 80

muticus. 87

decurvatus, 87

gracilipes, 87
Xeptunimyia

flavida, 279
Xodonota

puncticollis, 329

texana, 329
Nomaretus

bilobus, 92
Nortonia

bisuturalis, 107
Xotacanthina, 175
Xotiophilus

semistriatus, 92

Oberea

flavipes. 344

ruficollis, 344
Ochthebius

foveicollis, 94
Odynerus, 105

358

Journal New York Entomological Society. fVo1- xxvu.

Oedionychis

nigrosignata, 333

scalaris, 333

signata, 333
Okanagana

arctostaphylae, 182, 183, 208

aurantiaca, 182, 185, 209

balli, 182, 186, 211, 213

bella, 182, 183, 198

canadensis, 182, 183

canescens, 182, 183, 205, 208

cruentifera, 182, 188, 191

fratercula, 182, 185, 209

hesperia, 182, 187, 218

hirsuta, 182, 188

lurida, 182, 183, 192

magnified, 182, 189

mariposa, 182, 191

mercedita, 180, 182, 187, 220

minuta, 180, 182, 187, 220

napa, 182, 183, 194

occidentalis, 182, 183, 196

oregona, 182, 185, 210

ornata, 182, 183, 194

pallidula, 182, 187, 219

rimosa, 182, 183, 202

rotundifrons, 182, 188

rubrovenosa, 182, 186, 213

schaefferi, 182, 183, 194

striatipes, 182, 187, 215

synodica, 182, 186, 211

triangulata, 182, 186, 210

tristis, 182, 183, 207

uncinata, 182, 187, 219

utahensis, 182, 187, 216

vanduzei, 182, 186, 214

canifornica, 182, 187, 215
consobrina, 182, 187, 215

vandykei, 182, 182, 192

viridis, 182, 183, 209
Okanagodes

gracilis, 182, 221
Olophrum

consimilis, 95
Omosita

colon, 96
Onychaspidium

sexdentatum, 177
Ophiderma

compacta, 260

evelyna, 257, 259

fascipennis, 274

flava, 255, 256, 258, 259

flavicephala, 255, 260

flaviguttula, 251, 252, 253, 255,
259

definita, 253, 259

fraterna, 257, 258, 260

grisea, 254, 259

mus, 250

nigrocinctus, 259

pallida, 259

pubescens, 251, 255, 258, 259, 260
australis, 251, 259

salamandra, 250, 251, 255, 260
Orchestes

rufipes, 98
Orthezia

occidentalis, 298
Osmia

armaticeps, 300

capelandica, 300

fulgida, 300

wardiana, 300
Oxypoda

lividipennis, 95

Pachyteles

beyeri, 225

morio, 226

parca, 226
Panurginus

porterse, 299
Papaipema

nitela, 61
Papilio

cresphontes, 160

glaucus, 343

philenor, 160

troilus, 343
Paramongoma

albitarsis, 141
Parasymmictus

clausus, 306
P arwinnertsia

notmani, 281
Patrobus

longipalpus, 231
Penthoptera

conjuncta, 149

sanctcc-marta , 148
Perdita

affinis, 299
Peripheroptera

shineri, 136

subandina, 135
Periplaneta

americana, 109
Phacelia

heterophylla, 298
Phaenoserphus, 2, 6, 9

longipes, 9, 18

Index

Philonthus

lomatus, 95
nigritulus, 95
Phlaeonomus

lapponicus, 96
Phyciodes

tharos, 160
Phylhydrus

hamiltoni, 94
Phyllobrotica

vittata, 232
Phyllotreta

hebecki, 339
robusta, 340
vittata, 340
Phytometra

excelsa, 125
Pieris

raps. 160, 298
Plagiodera

flasculosa, 331
versicolor, 346
Platynus 4

bogemanni, 93
cupripennis, 93
foveiceps, 233
ii'iitaiis, 232
picicornis, 93

quadripunctatus, 93
ruficornis, 93
sinuatus, 93
Plochionus

bicolor, 234
Poccilocera. 307
Pogonocherus

mixtus, 5-
Polistes, 104
Polites

cernes, 114
Polybioides, 105
Polyctenes

intermedius. 262
Iongiceps, 261
spasmae, 262
talpa, 262
Polygonia

interrogationis, 160
Polygonum

dumetorum, 65
Porcinolus

murimus, 96
Porricondyla

bidentata, 282

dilatata, 284

hamata, 284

joint soni, 282

to Names of Ixsects and Plants.

359

Pini, 282, 284
spin igera, 284
tumidosa, 284
Proctotrupes

californicus, 13
Proctotrypes, 1, 2
Proarna

crepitans, 69
Promachus'
fitchi, 345
rufipes, 345
Pronotacantha, So, 88

annulata, 89
Prosopis

eHiptica, 29S
gaigei, 298
Protacanthus, So, 87

decorus, 88
Protinus

Hmbatus, 96
Pseudolina, 330
arizona?, 330
californica, 330
Pseudomelecta
interrupta

. ,. rociadensis, 299
^tenidium

ulkei, 96

Pterostichus

lavilatus, 231
lucublandus, 93
luczoti, 93
orinomum. 93
patruelis, 93

Punctatissimus. o-?
Ptinella

querci, 96
Pycnoscelis

surinamensis, 10S
Pyrausta

nubilalis, 243
Pyrgus

tesselata, 160

Quedius

fulgidus, 95
hyperboreus, 95
molochinus, 95
Quercus

rubra, 251
velutina, 251, 258

Rhsboscelis

tenuis, 39, 41, 58
Knantus

binotatus, 94

360

Journal New York Entomological Society. tVo1- XXVII.

Rhantus bistriatus, 94

Rhamphidia
albitarsis

fuscipes, 137
fumipennis, 137

Rhinoncus

pyrrhopus, 98

Rhodesiella, 174
seneifrons, 176
albiseta, 176
annulata, 177
bicolor, 177
confluens, 176
conica, 176
cuneata, 176
dimidiata, 176
elegantula, 176
finitima, 176
infumata, 176
kovicsi, 177
latipennis, 176
meyeri, 176
nitidifrons, 176
pellucida, 176
plumigera, 176
quadriseta, 176
recta, 176
rugosa, 176
sexseta, 176
scutellata, 176
tarsalis, 175, 176

Rhodites

tuberculator, 298

Rhopalosiphium
dianthi, 64

Ropalidia, 105

Sagaritas

dubitatus, 59
Salpingus

virescens, 97
Saperda

liorni, 344
Sarcophaga

Yorkii, 265
Saurocoris, 81, 89

ins tans, 90, 91
Scaphisoma

convexa, 96
Scaphium

castanipes, 96
Scatophaga

bispinosa, 175
Scopaens

linearis, 95, 100

brnnnipes, 101

Scuderria

texensis, 65
Serica

campestris, 33

cucullata, 34, 37

elusa, 36, 37

intermixta, 34

ochrosoma, 38, 39

sponsa, 223

vespertina, 225
Serphus, 2

caudatus, 2

cockerelli, 3, 4, 18

debilis, 3, 4, 18

florissantensis, 3, 6

linellii, 3

longiusculus, 2

melliventris, 2

nevadensis, 2

pallidus, 2

rufigaster, 3

sequoiarum, 3, 4, i£

terminalis, 3

zabriskiei, 2, 3, 18
Silpha

surinamensis, 94
Simplocaria

tesselata, 96
Stagmomantis

floridensis, 243, 341
Stenus

austini, 95

bipunctatus, 95

colonus, 95

corvus, 95

hubbardi, 95

obtrusus, 9S
Stictocephala

elevata, 271

nigriventris, 272
Stictolobus

erectus, 2"jz

subulatus, 2-jt,
Sobarus

poggei, no
Synagris, 105

cornuta, 106
Syncrotus

intermedius, 262

talpa, 262
Syngrapha

snowi, 119, 120

Tachinus

instabilis, 95
memnonius, 95

Index to Names of Insects and Plants.

361

Tachyporus

jocosus, 95
Tachyris

margarita, 343
Tachys

conjugens, 229

nanus, 93

rectanguliis, 229
Tanypremna

fuscitarsis, 149

longipes, 150

longissima, 150

manicata, 150

opilio, 150
Tarache

delecta, 57
Thecla

calanus, 112

edwardsi, 112
Tibicen

bermudina, 242

biconica. 243

cupreo-sparsus, 180 .

inauditus, 108

lyricen, 242
Tibicina

cassini, 341
Tibicinoides

cupreo-sparsus, 182, 188, 220
Tipula

appendens, 153

aymara, 153

andalgala, 150

exilis, 152

longitarsis, 153

monilifera, 152

parishi, 153

spinicauda, 152
Trechus

chalybaeus, 93
Trentepohlia

albitarsis, 141

bromeliadicola, 142

disjuncta, 141

geniculata, 142

gracilis, 141

leucoxena, 142

metatarsata, 142

nigroapicalis, 141

pallipes. 142

sororcula, 142

trentipohlii, 140

zambeziae, 141
Trichins

affinis, 97
Trieapolus

helianthi

grandior, 300
pacificus, 300
Triphleps

insidiosus, 66
Trirhabda

flavolimbata, 97
Tritozyga

borealis, 278

fenestra, 278
Truxalis

nasutis, 19

Ulochaetes

leonininus, 243
Up is

ceramboides, 97
Urodera

crucifera, 326

texana, 325

Vanduzea

punctipennis. 275

segmentata, 276
Vanessa

atalanta, 343

cardui. 343

virginiensis, 160, 343
Vespa

maculata, 115

Winnertzia

pectinata, 278

Xanthogramma
emarginata, 349

Xantholinus

cephalus, 95
Xenoglossa

pruinosa, 67

Zeugophora

consanguinea. 319
neomexicana, 319
scutellaris, 319

Zygogramma

arizonica, 332
e striata. 332

the;

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

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