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Alex. Agassiz.

Uibraru of tbe Mluscum

OF

COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
JFounlict) bu prilJate subscviption, in 18(>1.

Deposited by ALEX. AGASSIZ.

JOURNAL

THE PROCEEDINGS

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

ZOOLOGY.

VOL. V.

LONDON:

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE

AND BY

LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS,

AND

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.

18G1.

PRINTED BY TAVLOK AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

LIST OF PAPERS.

Bradley, C. L., F.L.S.

On the Occurrence of Gyrodactylus elegans on Sticklebacks in

the Hampstead Ponds, January 1860 209

Note on the Occin-rence of Gyrodactylus anchoratus, Nordm . . 257

CoBBOLD, T. Spencer, M.D., F.L.S.

Synopsis of the Distomidce 1

Further Observations on Entozoa, with Experiments 255

On Sclerostoma Syngamus, and the Disease which it occasions
in Birds 304

Couch, Jonathan, F.L.S. &c.

Discovery of Alpheus Edwardsii on the Coast of Cornwall 210

Greene, J. Re ay, B.A., Professor of Natural History in Queen's
College, Cork, &c.
On the Mutual Relations of the Cold-blooded Vertebrata 218

HuTTON, Mrs. Lewis.

Account of the Habits of a Species of Australian Ant 217

Lowe, Rev. R. T., M.A.

A List of the Shells observed or collected at Mogador and its im-
mediate environs during a few days' visit to the place in April
1859 ; with Notes and Observations 169

Macdonald, John Dennis, R.N., F.R.S. & L.S.

On the Homologies of the so-called Univalve Shell and its oper-
culum 204

Richardson, Sir John, M.D., C.B., F.R.S., F.L.S.

On the Poisonous Effect of a small portion of the Liver of a
Diodon inhabiting the Seas of Southern Africa 21.3

IV

Page

Smith, Frederick, Esq.

Descriptions of New Species of Hymenopterous Insects collected
by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes 57

Descriptions of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
Wallace in the Islands of Batchian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo,
and at Dory, in New Guinea. (With a Plate.) 93

Walker, Francis, F.L.S.

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in Amboyna by Mr.
A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 144

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Dory, New
Guinea, by Mr. A.R.Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 229

Catalogue of the Dijiterous Insects collected at Manado in
Celebes, and in Tond, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions
of New Species 258

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in Batchian, Kaisaa
and Makian, and at Tidon in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace,
with Descriptions of New Species 270

Index 313

PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON,

November 3rd, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Dr. Alexander Carte Avas elected a Fellow.

The special thanks of the Society were directed to be presented
to J. J. Bennett, Esq., F.E.S., Secretary of the Society, for his
valuable donation of Casts from the Busts of Sir J. E. Smith, Sir
Joseph Banks, Bart., the Hon. Shute Barington, Bishop of Dur-
ham, and of John Hunter, Esq.

Mr. Joseph "Woods, E.L.S., exhibited specimens of Leersia
oryzoicles, discovered by himself in September last, in a new
locality, at Tillingbourne, near Shalford, Surrey.

Mr. Busk, E.R. & L.S., exhibited specimens oi Pezisa cerurjinom,
gathered by himself, in Bolton Woods.

Read, first, " Descriptions of new species of Hymenopterous
Insects, collected by A. R. "Wallace, Esq., in Celebes;" by
Frederick Smith, Esq. Communicated by W. W. Saunders, Esq.,
F.R.S., V.P.L.S. (See Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 57.)

Read, secondly, " On the Zoological Geography of the Malay
Archipelago ; " by A. R. Wallace, Esq. Communicated by Charles

LIXy. PROC, VOL. v. a

PROCEEDIKGS OF THE

Darwin, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. (Sec " Zoclogical Proceedings,"
vol. iv. p. 172.)

November 17tb, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Jabez Hogg, Esq., and "William Henry Ince, Esq. were elected
Eellows.

The special Thanks of the Society were directed to be given to
Drs. Hooker and Thomson, for an extensive and valuable collection
of plants, formed by them in the Upper Himalaya.

Eead, first, " Descriptions of some new species of Utricularia
from South America, with notes upon the genera Polypomflwlyx
and Akentra ; " by Daniel Oliver, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 169.)

Read, secondly, a Memoir " On tlie Fimiaria eapreolata of
Britain;" by c' C. Babington, Esq., M.A., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See
"Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 157.)

Eead, thirdly, " Sjniopsis Crescentiacearum ; an Enumeration
of all the Crescentiaceous plants known ;" by Berthold Seemann,
Esq., Ph.D., E.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 1.)

Eead, fourthly, " On Combrettcm hutyrosum, a new kind of Buttei'-
tree from South-eastern Africa;" by Sig. T. Caruel, of Florence.
Communicated by J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., E.L.S. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 167.)

December 1st, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Alfred Henry Barford, Esq., Peter Hinckes Bird, Esq., Arthur
Edward Durham, Esq., John M. Jones, Esq., and Salter Livesay,
M.D., were elected Eellows.

The special Thanks of the Society w^ere directed to be given to
C. C. Babington, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S., for an extensive series of
Dried Plants for the British Herbarium.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. iii

Mr. Birkett, F.L.S,, exliibited living plants of Opldoglossnm
lusitanicum, gathered by him on the South Cliffs of the Island of
Guernsey ; and of Aspleniitra marinum, var. microdon, from a
damp wall, in the Parish of St. Pierre du Bois, Gruernsey.

Eead, first, a Memoir " on the Anatomy and Development of
Pyrosoma ;" by T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.E.s", F.L.S. (See " Trans-
actions," vol. xxiii. p. 193.)

Read, secondly, a " Notice of Rosa ruhella, Winch, and other
English plants, observed during the past summer ;" by John Hogg,
Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv.
p. 198.)

December 15th, 1859.

Tliomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eichai'd EatliiF, Esq., Assist. Snrg. E.N., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents, were casts from a Bust of John Eay, by
Eovxbilliac, and a Medallion of the late William Yarrell, Esq.,
V.P.L.S., by Barnard, both presented by John Van Voorst, Esq.,
F.L.S., to whom the special thanks of the Society were ordered
to be given for this very acceptable donation.

Read, first, " Notes upon the Society's British Herbarium ;" by
Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. iv. p. 194.)

Eead, secondly, "Eevision of the genus Spathodea ;" by Ber-
thold Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S.

Eead, thirdly, " On Indian Hepaticce ;" by William Mitten, Esq.,
A.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. v. p. 89.)

Eead, foui'thly, "Eemai'ks on tlie Botany of Paramatta;" by
William Wools, Esq. Comnuinicated by Dr. Ferdinand Muller,
F.L.S.

rt2

IV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Head, fifthly, " On the discovei-y oi Lastrea reinofa in England ;"
by Thomas Moore, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. iv. p. 192.)

Read, sixthly, " Notes of a visit to the CincTiona Eorests, on the
western slope of the Quitenian Andes ; " by Eichard Spruce, Esq.
Communicated by Sir AV. J. Hooker, E.R.S., E.L.S. (See " Bo-
tanical Proceedings," vol. iv., p. 176.)

January 19th, 1860.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

C. E. Bree, Esq., M.D., George M^^Leay, Esq., Henry Parfitt,
Esq., M.D., S. N. Ward, Esq., and Tuffen West, Esq., were elected
Eellows.

Eead, first, " Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in
Amboynaby Mr. A. E. Wallace, with descriptions of new species ;"
by Francis Walker, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings,"
vol. V. p. 144.)

Eead, secondly, a " List of plants observed at Mogador and its
environs in April, 1859;" by the Eev. E. T. Lowe, M.A. Com-
municated by the Secretary. (See "Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. V. p. 26.)

Eead, thirdly," Further Eesearches on Tomopteris onisciformis ;"
by W. B. Carpenter, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., F.L.S., &c., and Edouard
Claparede, M.D. (See " Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 59.)

Eead, fourthly, " On the distribution of the Tracheae in Insects ; "
by John Lubbock, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S, (See "Transactions,"
vol. xxiii. p. 23.)

February 2nd, 1860.

Thomas BeU, Esq., President, in the Chair.

J. W. Dunning, Esq. and G. C. Wallich, Esq., M.D., were
elected Fellows.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOISTDON.

Read, a Paper " On the mode of brandling of some Amazon
trees;" by Eichard Spruce, Esq. Communicated by Greorge
Bentliam, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See Botanical Proceedings," vol. v.
p. 3.)

February 16tli, 1860.
Gt3oi'ge Bentham, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.

J. H. Belfrage, Esq., William Coulson, Esq., and Herr Gratke,
were elected Fellows.

Kead, first, " On the Verrucarice of New Zealand ; " by Charles
Knight, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xsiii. p. 99.)

Eead, secondly, " On a species of Hawk in New Zealand ;" by
W. L. BuUer, Esq., F.L.S.

Read, thirdly, " On the Homologies of the so-called ' Univalve '
Shell and its Operculum;" by J. D. Macdonald, Esq., R.N.,
F.R.S. Communicated by Professor Huxley, F.R.S., F.L S.
(See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 204.)

Read, fourthly, " Notice of the occurrence of Gyrodactylus
elegaiis on Sticklebacks in the Hampstead Ponds;" by C. L.
Bradley, Esq. Communicated by Professor Busk, F.R.S. , F.L.S.
(See Zoological Proceedings, vol. v. p. 209.)

Read, fifthly, " Further observations on the Metamorphosis of
Gasteropoda ]' &Q,., by J. D. Macdonald, Esq., R.N. Commu-
nicated by Professor Huxley, F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions,"
vol. xxiii. p. 69.)

Read, sixthly, " On the Shells observed at Mogador and its en-
virons, in April, 1859 ; " by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. Communicated
by the Secretary. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 169.)

'^l PROCEEI>I>^GS or THB

March 1st, 18G0.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Henry G. Bohn, Esq., was elected a Eellow.

Eead, first, "Botanical Notes made during a tour to Moul-
myne, in February, 1859;" by the Eev. C. Parish. Commu-
nicated by Sir W. J. Hooker, E.E.S., F.L.S.

Eead, secondly, " On the value of Hairs, as a character in deter-
miuing the limits of subordinate groups of Compositce ;" by WUliam
Archer, Esq., E.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. v.
p. 17.)

Eead, thirdly, " Mosses of the Amazon and Andes ;" by Ei chard
Spruce, Esq. Commiuiicated by George Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S.
(See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. v. p. 45.)

Eead, fourthly, " OnSphcerocoma, a new genus oi Caryopliyllece,
from Aden;" by Thomas Anderson, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," vol. v. p. 15.)

March 15th, 18G0.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

G. E. Fryer, Esq., C. H. Gatty, Esq., G. G. Little, Esq.,
George Maw, Esq., and John Shortt, Esq., M.D., were elected
Fellows.

Eead, first, " On Syco'psis, a new genus of Hamamelidece ; " by
Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxiii.
p. 83.)

Eead, secondly, " On Apocynum androsaemifoliwn ;'''' by J. P.
Litchfield, M.D. Communicated by the Secretary.

Eead, thirdly, " On some new species of Musci, from Tropical
Africa, in the Herbarium of Sir W. J. Hooker ; " by AVilliam
Mitten, Esq., A.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 51.)

LlNNilAN SOCIEXr Or LONDON. VU

Eead, foiu'thly, "Note on the species of Nissolia;" by Asa
Gray, M.D., E.M.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. v.
p. 25.)

AprH 5th, 1860.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

A. B. Squire, Esq., and Lucas Barrett, Esq., were elected
Eellows.

Eead, first, " On the discovery of Alpheus Edivardsii on the
coast of Cornwall;" by Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S. (See
"Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 210.)

Read, secondly, "Notes on Ants;" by Mrs. Lewis Hutton.
Communicated by the Secretary. (See "Zoological Proceedings,"
vol. V. p. 217.)

Eead, thirdly, "Notes on TernstroeniiacecB ;" by George Ben-
tham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. v.
p. 53.)

April 19th, 1860.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Dr. Hooker, E.E. & L.S., gave some account of the steps recently
taken by the Indian Government, with the object of introducing
living plants of the medicinal Cinchonas of South America.

Eead, first, " Note on the Tree-Mallow (Lavatera arhorea) ; "
by John Hogg, Esq., E.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceed-
ings," vol. V. p. 51.)

Eead, secondly, " On the germination of certain species of
GyrtmidrecB •" by Mr. C. W. Crocker, Eoreman of the Propaga-
tion Department, Eoyal Gardens, Kew. Communicated by J. D.
Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceed-
ings," vol. V. p. 65.)

Eead, thirdly, " Contributions to the Lichenographia of New
Zealand;" by Charles Knight, Esq., E.L.S., and "William Mitten,
Esq., A.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 101.)

Vm mOCEEDINGS OF THE

May 3rd, 1860.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

J. Gr. WaiBwright, Esq., and Dr. D. Brandis, were elected
lY'Uows ; and M. Edmond Boissier and the Rev. M. Sars, Ph.D.,
were elected Foreign Members.

Eead, first, " On certain Sensory Organs in Insects, hitherto
undescribed ;" by J. B. Hicks, Esq., M.D., E.L.S. (See " Trans-
actions," vol. xxiii. p. 139.)

Read, secondly, " Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected
by Mr. A. R. AVallace in the Islands of Batchian, Kaisaa, Am-
boyna, &c., and in New Guinea ;" by Frederick Smith, Esq. Com-
municated by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.L.S. (See
" Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 93.)

Read, thirdly, " On two tuberiform vegetable productions from
Travancore;" by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S. (See
"Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 91.)

Read, foiirtlily, " Remarks on Sclerotium stipitatum, Pachyma
Cocos, and some similar productions ;" by Frederick Currey, Esq.,
M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., and Daniel Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 93.)

Read, fifthly, " Notes on Anonacece, on Ventilago, a genus of
MliamnecB, and on Fissicalyx, a new genus of DaThergiece ;" by
Greorge Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. V. p. 67.)

May 24th, 1860.

Anniversary Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnajus, and the day
a[)pointed by the Charter for tlie Election of Council and Officers,

LINNEA>' SOCIETY OF LONDON. IX

the President opened the business of the Meeting with the follow-
ing Address : —

GrENTLEMEN,

The return of our Anniversary claims from me this accustomed
recognition of oiu' mutual relation to each other, and I gladly
commence my brief address by the expression of the feeling which
is naturally uiDpermost in my mind on this occasion, of the warmest
gratitude for the continued confidence and kindness which the
experience of the past year has again exhibited on the part of the
Society towards me, and which, I ma}^ well be proud to say, has
never sustained a single check, or been shadowed by a single cloud,
since the day when you fii'st unreservedly confided to me the re-
sponsible and honourable occupation of this chair. If I know my
own heart, that confidence, far from engendering on my part an
indifference to the welfare of the Society, wiU only render me the
more anxious to deserve it, by an unremitting watchfuhiess over
your interests, and a constant endeavour so to fulfil the duties of
my office, that when I shall finally resign it into your hands, I
may still be able to congratulate myself on the continuance, usque
adfinem, of the same uninterrupted good feeling and hearty trust.

Like its predecessors, the past year has been chequered by light
and shadow. The general brightness of our career has not been
without its clouds, nor can we reasonably expect, in so large a
body as ours, that a year could pass away without some event to
cause us sorrow, and to qualify our exiiltation at the increased
prosperity with which we have been favoured.

When alluding to the darker phase of our year's experience,
your thoughts will at once be directed with my own to the tem-
porary removal from amongst us of one who for twenty years has
been the Life of our Society. The merits and services of Mr. Ben-
nett require no eulogy from me in this place. They have been too
long known and are too duly appreciated for anything that I can say
to add one throb to the gratitude and affection which fill the heart of
every one who has had the opportvmity of observing the unwearied
constancy, the rare judgment, the extensive and varied knowledge,
the devotion to our interests, and the affectionate attachment, which
have all been brought to bear iipon the welfare of a Society of which
Mr. Bennett has for so long a period been the stay and ornament,
the decxm et tutamen. These ser\dces, as modestly as efficiently
conferred, have been requited by the gratitude and affection of

X PItOCEEBIlv'aS OF THE

those who have been their recipients, the consciousness on his own
part of having deserved that retui-n, and the happiness which a
reciprocity of aftection and esteem must always bring to a warm
and generous heart. Mr. Bennett is now seeking in a change of
air and scene the restoration of his health, so precious to us all ;
and your earnest wishes and aspirations will go with mine, that
he may be soon restored to the society of his friends, to whom the
fine qualities equally of his mind and heart have rendered him so
deservedly dear. Mr. Busk, who, to the great advantage of the
Society, has of late acted as the Zoological Secretary, under the
title (soon to be abrogated) of Under-secretary, will this day be sub-
mitted to you for election as Secretary in Mr. Bennett's place ; and
to the manner in which this removal has been proposed by the
Council to be supplied — and which proposition you will presently
be asked to confirm — I shall now briefly allude.

When Mr. Bennett found that his health was not likely to be
speedily so far restored as to enable him to continue those services
which the Society has for so long a time enjoyed, he considered it
his duty to intimate his intention, at whatever sacrifice of feeling
on his part, to resign his office of Secretary. It was represented
to him that there was every reason to hope that he might before
very long be enabled to resume his duties to some extent, and that
in any case his name might be retained until the necessity for his
retiring should become more certain, for we should all have rejoiced
in aflording him every assistance in our power, and his excellent
colleague was ready to take as much of the extra duty as might be
required ; Mr. Bennett, however, felt that it would be painfid to
hold merely a nominal office without performing its fimctions, and
his resignation was, perforce, accepted by the Council. They have
now selected for nomination, to fill the vacancy which will be occa-
sioned by Mr. Busk's appointment as Secretary in Mr. Bennett's
place, a gentleman who I feel confident will be entirely acceptable
to the Society. Mr. Ciu-rey is well known to us as a constant at-
tendant upon our meetings, a valued contributor to our Transac-
tions, an efficient member of the Council, and as one who, for his
position, his education, his acquirements, and the amiable qualities
of his heart, is admirably adapted to succeed one whose possession,
in so high a degree, of all these qualifications would naturally ren-
der us fastidious in the choice of a successor.

In connexion with this subject I have to offer a few further
observations. The change which it was thought desirable some
time since to make in the office of " Under-sccretarv " bv the

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

election of a geutlemau who should perform the duties of Secretary
\vitli I'eference to the zoological element in our organization, has
rendered it very desirable so to modify tlie existing by-law which
relates to the former office, as to meet the new requirements ; and
yon would have had such modification submitted to you before
tliis, had it not been considered more convenient to brmg it for-
ward in connexion with some other slight changes, which the lapse
of years and the altered circumstances of the Society have appeared
to call for. This subject will shortly be referred to a committee
to be appointed by the Council. The effect of this alteration will be
to abolish the obsolete office of Under- secretary, and to secure in
future the services of two Secretaries, attached respectively to the
two branches of natural science which constitute our professed
objects, — a change which is in entire accordance with the spirit and
intention of the Charter.

The losses which the Society has sustained by death include
several honoured names which have for a great number of years
adorned our list of Fellows. Amongst them occurs that of one
who, in conjunction with the revered and venerable Mr. Kirby,
produced, by the publication of their truly great work, an effect
which scarcely any single publication in Natural History has ever
done before or since. The ' Introductionto Entomology ' of these two
eminent and amiable naturalists was characterized by a very rare
combination of scientific accuracy, of amplitude of information, and
of a style and treatment as fascinating as that of the most ex-
citing romance. For the last few years the infirmities of age, and
especially his increasing deafness, deprived Mr. Spence of that
close association with this Society which long constituted one of
his most cherished sources of enjoyment, and contributed so much
to the pleasure of those with whom he was so long and so inti-
mately connected. When I mention the names of Dr. Horsfield,
of Sir Greorge Staunton, of Samuel Curtis, of Henfrey, of Col.
Hamilton Smith, with most of whom I have been intimately asso-
ciated for a considerable portion of my life, it will readily be ima-
gined that their removal must be painfully felt by me, as it is by
all who have been associated with them. Leaving, however, to
Mr. Busk the interesting but often painful office of further noticing
those whose loss we have to I'Cgret, — a duty which by long custom
constitutes one of the many sources of obligation under which we
lie to our Secretary, — I turn with great satisfaction to the general
condition of the Society, and to the circumstances of success and
progress which have characterized the past year.

XU PROCEEUINGS OF THE

In many respects this success has been unprecedented in our
annals.

Adverting, in the first place, to that element without which all
the talent and energy and zeal of our Fellows would be unavail-
ing,— the financial condition of the Society, — I have the greatest
satisfaction in directing your attention to the Auditors' report,
by which I find that the income has exceeded that of any former
year, for a period certainly of the last thirty years — amounting
to no less than £1345. It is true that our expenses have been
large — in some respects, considerably larger than usual ; but when
we look at the character of our publications, and at the gratifying
fact that we have paid off the only two bonds remaining at the last
Anniversary, and that we are now able, for the first time for more
than thirty years, to declare oui'selves free from bonded or other
debt, and with such a balance in our favour as to leave us free
from all anxiety on this head, I am sure you will respond cordi-
ally to an expression of thankfulness for our unprecedented pros-
perity, which enables us to keep up the high tone of our pub-
lications and to carry out all the objects of the Society, without
the distressing and depressing consciousness of perpetual debt.
And now I cannot but express my most anx;ious desire that, in the
course of the year on which we have entered, we may be enabled
to increase, by however moderate a sum, that funded capital to
which 1 look as the main condition of permanent prosperity, and
as our resource in case of any emergency that may occur ; for
it is surely prudent, and I may say imperative, that we should
not recklessly trust to a continuance of the happy state of our
finances which we at the present moment enjoy, but determine,
at whatever sacrifice, to provide for any future adverse contin-
gencies.

Another very important phase in our present well-being is the
number of new Fellows who have been elected in the past year,
amounting to no less than thirty-six — a larger number than I have
ever known during the long period of forty-five years that I have
belonged to the Society, and very gi*eatly in advance of the average.
Of late years there has been upon the whole a considerable in-
crease: in the year ending in May 1857 there were thirty-one
elected, in 1858 there were twenty, and in 1859 twenty-six. All
these numbers were considerably above the average of many years ;
and when we look at the scientific character of those who have
thus recently joined us, we shall find that we have a still liigher

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOKDOK. XIU

ground for congratulation than the mere accession of numbers, and
that we may look with confidence to numerous rising naturalists,
who will honourably fill the places of those who, as the natural
consequence of the lapse of time, are passing away from the scene
of our laboiu's.

I can also point with equal satisfaction to the contents of the
publications, in both forms, which have emanated from the Society
during the past year. In accordance with a wholesome arrange-
ment on which we have acted for the last few years, a Part of the
Transactions is regularly published, so as to be ready for delivery
to the Fellows as nearly as possible on the reassembling of the
Society after the recess. The part of the Transactions which Avas
published in November last is in no respect inferior to those
which have preceded it, and the illustrations are of a very high
character in that department of art. "Without any depreciating
comparison, I would especially point to Mr. Fitch's illustrations
of Dr. Hooker's paper on the Pitcher-plants, as aflfording a remark-
able example of artistic effect combined with scientific accuracy of
detail, in mere outline, such as I am confident could have been
produced by no other artist. The bold freedom of hand, never
entrenching upon the necessary severe accuracy of character, is
unsurpassed. I cannot refrain from adding that, for defraying
the expense of placing these beautiful plates on stone, we are
again indebted to the liberality of the distinguished author of the
paper.

I took occasion, at the last Anniversary, to express my regret
that the Zoological element in our publications had been consider-
ably subordinate to the Botanical. I have great pleasure in ob-
serving that this inequality has been in great measure obviated
during the past year. Out of sixteen papers contained in the last
part of the Transactions, seven are of a Zoological character, and
nine are Botanical ; and with regard to the Proceedings, it has be-
come necessary, from the influx of Zoological papers suited for
publication in that form, to issue a supplementary part of Zoolo-
gical Proceedings similar to those which have been already added
to the ordinary quarterly issue in Botany.

It is unnecessary for me to enter into any analysis of the various
papers contained in these publications, but I would for a moment
advert to another, and, as I conceive, not an unimportant element
in our customary work, — I mean the conversational discussions
which arise out^ of the^ communications read at the ordinary
meetings.

XIV PUOCEEBINGS OF TnE

I have always felt that the introduction of this custom has been
productive not only of immediate interest, but of much valuable in-
formation. Conducted, as I am happy to say these discussions have
always been amongst us, with good temper and kindly feeling, they
tend greatly to enliven our meetings, to correct mistakes and errors,
to eKcit fresh information, to give confidence to the younger and
authority to the older Fellows, and to create a more intimate and
friendly relation bet^veen the members of our body. It has even some-
times happened, on the rare occasions when we have scarcely had a
paper of interest left for the evening's reading, that some subject has
been incidentally started, the discussion of which has been carried
on with so much spirit and intelligence, and has elicited so much
fresh information, as to make ample amends for the absence of any
long systematic paper, which, however valuable in a scientific
point of view, might have excited but little attention in the hearers,
and have accomplished its object of usefulness and interest, only
when it should have appeared in our publications. When the
custom of sitting in solemn silence to listen to the reading of
papers, whether dull or interesting, without the opportunity of
even hazarding a single remark upon the subject of them, was
broken through, and friendly discussion was allowed and invited,
there were some of our most distinguished members, the intensity
of whose conservatism led them to anticipate the ruin of the So-
ciety, or at least that its meeting-room would become the arena of
almost gladiatorial combats of rival intellects. I need not say
how fallacious these forebodings have, happily, proved, and I can-
not but hope that those who have the power, will never want the
will to take a part in so agreeable a means of contributing to the
general stock of our knowledge.

Whilst dwelling on the pleasant subject of our prosperity, I
cannot pass without notice a striking proof of the estimation in
which the publications of the Society are held, — I mean the extent
of their sale out of the Society. Notwithstanding the number
of members who have recently joined ug, the amount received
for the sale of the Transactions and Proceedings is no less than
£178, which is not only far in excess of any previous year, but
more than double the average of many years past.

The Auditors' report is before you, but I will recapitulate one
or two items, in order to place oiu" present condition in a simple
and perspicuous point of view. Our balance at the banker's is
diminished by no less than £139, but our debt is abolislied to the
extent of £439, leaving a balance in favour of tlic Society on the

linnea;n" society or londok. xv

year's account in round numbers of £300 ; besides this, we pos-
sess £300 Consols, the amount of the two legacies of Mr. Brown
and Mr. Solly.

Having now, Gentlemen, alluded to what is past, I must beg
your kind attention to some further remarks with regard to a
possible future.

The object of the Linnean Society, as defined by the Charter,
which, I presume, must be considered as the indisputable authority
and exponent of its functions, is " the cultivation of the science
of Natural History, especially of the Natural History of Great
Britain and Ireland." I have already referred to its ordinary
means of effecting this and its more extended objects — namely,
the reading of papers and other contributions, and the publication
of the contents of such papers. But is this the only mode in which
its influence and prestige can be exerted in furtherance of this
great end ? May not the same means, legitimately and in perfect
consistency with its other duties, be employed in giving important
assistance to those local Associations which in various parts of the
country have become the centres of districts, as regards the collec-
tion and description of their natural products ? I took the oppor-
tunity afiibrded me at one of our former Anniversary meetings to
express an earnest wish that some of these local Associations could
be brought into connexion with the Linnean Society, and com-
municate to us the results of their labours ; selections from which
might be published, after careful consideration, in our Proceedings.
This suggestion has not hitherto been responded to, but I still
think that the plan may very safely be worked out, so as to ensure
a considerable accession to our knowledge of local botany and
zoology. The promotion of this kind of knowledge, by the intro-
duction of such topics into the usual course of popular education,
would be of immense advantage, not only as afibrding great oppor-
tunities of enlarging our knowledge of the natural history and
the geographical distribution of the plants and animals of the
country, but in fulfilling a far higher and more important end,
that of training the mind of the multitude in the pursuit of the
most humanizing, the most religious, the purest, and at the same
time the most available of all branches of luiman knowledge.

It has appeared to me that in England and in Scotland this branch
of education has been too little attended to. The information
which I have been able to obtain on this subject is far from
satisfactory. It is true that in some provincial towns, where

XVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mechanics' Institutes or Scientiiic and Literary Societies are occa-
sionally established, very imperfect courses of lectures are given,
chiefly by amateurs whose knowledge is ordinarily but slender,
and whose lectures are attended rather as a passing amuse-
ment than as a means or stimulus to the attainment of a really
efficient knowledge of the subject. The absence, until within a very
recent period, of all recognition of such departments of kno^^•ledge
by our educational authorities, whether in the higher or lower
places of education, has necessarily precluded the general exten-
sion of even the most elementary instruction in Natural History.
I took occasion, in a former Anniversary Address, to record the
concessions which had been wrung from the authorities of our two
time-honoured Universities ; and the step of granting Degrees in
Science, which has been recently taken by the University of London,
must have a most beneficial influence hereafter ; but it is as yet
rare to find any individual in authority, whether a clergyman or a
schoolmaster, who has the inclination, even if he had the time, to
devote his energies to this object; and the rare exceptions are
only sufficient to prove the rule.

In Ireland, on the contrary, there appears to be a very widely
spread disposition, wherever a general education is allowed, to cul-
tivate Natural History as an important branch of it. I have lately
had my attention drawn to this subject in relation to the sister
kingdom, and I ^vill detain you for a few minutes in detailing
some of the results of my inquiries, The establishment of the
Queen's Colleges in Ireland, whatever may have been the objec-
tions to some details in their organization in the first instance, has
undoubtedly already been of very great service to the cause
of education amongst the middle and the upper middle classes of
the community. It is also to be remembered, that from these classes
must spring all the education, for good or for ill, of the masses of
the people. In these colleges, professors are appointed in those
sciences, to which we, in this Society, are professedly addicted.

The Queen's University in Ireland requires, for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, attendance, in the third year, upon lectures on
Zoology or Botany, and this is included amongst the subjects on
which the candidate must pass examinations. Either Natural
Science generally, or, specifically, Zoology or Botany, is insisted on
when the candidate goes in, either for or without honours ; and
also for the first-class University certificate, to such as are not
members of the University. Taking the Belfast College as an ex-
ainple,I find that in the year 1849-50 the number of students in ma-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVU

thematics of the first year was 86, but in the year 1858-9 they had
dwindled to 45, In Zoology and in Botany, on the contrary, whilst
in the former academical year they were only 12 in each of these
departments of Natural Science, they had increased in the last-
named year to 63 and 62. This appears to me to be a remarkable
fact, as indicative of a rapidly advancing taste for the sciences of ob-
servation, and for Natural History in particular. That these courses
of lectures do not consist of slight elementary outlines, or of dry
systematic details, the brief summary of the course of Dr. Dickie,
the Professor of Natural History in the College of Belfast, pub-
lished in the Government Eeport, wOl sufficiently attest. It has,
however, been recently proposed to render the attendance upon
these lectures so far voluntary that the student may substitute
some other named subject for either or both of them. This is a
very unfortunate, and, as it appears to me, a very mistaken pro-
cedure, and will, I fear, tend to negative the beneficial results
which might have been anticipated from a continuance in the
former arrangement. But it is not only in the regular curriculum
of the University that the teaching of Natural Science is provided.
The Professors are frequently called upon to lecture in various
parts of the coimtry, and Professor Thomson recently informed me
that he had lectured in a small country town to an audience whose
numbers during the whole course of ten lectures did not fall short
of about 400. I have also recently been favoured with interesting
returns from several flourishing provincial societies in Ireland, in
which, as a general rule, the Natural History sciences are suc-
cessfully cultivated.

On a recent visit to London, my friend Mr. Eobert Paterson
of Belfast (a most zealous and accomplished naturalist, and the
author of the best school-book on Systematic Zoology which has
ever appeared) favoured me with some information on the subject
of the spread of Natural History science in Ireland, which in-
duced me to seek, through his kind intervention, for fuller de-
tails ; and the result is, that I have received communications of a
more or less interesting nature from a considerable number of the
provincial institutions in that part of the United Kingdom.

With reference to the work I have just alluded to, the ' Zoology
for Schools,' and another little book by the same author, ' First
Steps to Zoology,' I understand that about 40,000 copies have
been sold, besides 10,000 copies of Illustrations of vertebrate and
invertebrate animals,— an extent of distribution which I presume
to be unparalleled in the same number of years, with regard

LINN. PBOO., VOL. V. h

XVm PBOCEEDIFGS OF THE

to any works by one author, introductory to a particulai*
science.

The Natural History Society of Dublin, of which our respected
Pellow, Dr. Harvey, is a zealous supporter, numbers about 160
members. Its meetings are held monthly, from November to
Jime, besides popular meetings which are held occasionally under
direction of the Council. The papers and more important disciis-
sions are published quarterly in the 'Natural History Eeview'
and ' Quarterly Journal of Science ;' they are annually distributed
amongst the members in a collected form, under the title of
' Proceedings of the Natiiral History Society of Dublin.'

The DubKn University Botanical and Zoological Association
was founded by the lamented Dr. Ball, about ten years since, and
the Proceedings are pviblished quarterly in the ' Natural History
Review,' and twice a year in a separate form.

The Belfast Natural History Society was established in 1821.
Commencing with but few members, it has gradually increased in
numbers and importance, and a commodious building has been
erected for collecting their specimens and holding their meetings,
which take place twice in the month during the session. In proof
of the extent to which the inhabitants are interested in the objects
of the Society, I am informed that on Easter Monday in this year
the Museum was visited by 7000 persons. The Society, which
now consists of about 250 members, does not itself publish any
regular Transactions, but the members have on many occasions
sent confrihutions to publishing Scientific Societies.

At Holy wood there is a Society having the usual objects of pro-
vincial Scientific and Literary Associations ; it is under the presi-
dency of the learned Bishop of Down and Connor. Here lectures
are delivered every fortnight by Professors of the Queen's College,
Belfast, and others. No Transactions published.

At Carrickfergus the Literary and Scientific Society is under
the patronage of the Marquis of Downshire. Here also lectures
are given on Natural History, under the sanction of Government,
by a Professor from Dublin, and medals and books are awarded as
prizes to proficient students. The Society appears to be very
useful and flourishing, but, as in other cases, there is no oppor-
tunity of publishing any new facts or contributions to science.

The Cuviei'ian Society of Cork does not publish papers. Its
only publication has been the Fauna and Plora of the County,
which appeared in 1845.

Of the Armagh Natural History and Philosophical Society, I

LINirEA:^ SOCIETY OF LOTTDOK.

XIX

have been favoured with the reports of several years. This
flourishing institution is under the patronage of the Primate of
Ireland, and the presidency of the distinguished astronomer Dr.
Eobinson. Lectures have been delivered on Natural History,
and there is the nucleus of a good Museum, and it is now pro-
posed to form a collection of the Fauna of Ireland. Here also
there is no publication of the Society's contributions to science.

The last Society on which I shall detain you is that of Dun-
gannon. Here lectures have been given from time to time
upon Natural History, by Mr. Patterson of Belfast, Professor
Allman, and others, and prizes awarded for proficiency in this
science. Papers are read at the meetings, but there is no oppor-
tunity of publishing them offered by the Society.

A great number of very interesting details connected with the
several societies to which I have now briefly called your attention,
and others, have come to my hand, but I have not thought it ne-
cessary to detain you by relating them. I must, however, ask yoiu'
attention for a few moments whilst I mention some reflections wliich
have occurred to me, arising out of the perusal of these reports.

The first remark I would make is, that the arrangement and con-
stitution of the Queen's University in Ireland, and the Colleges in
connexion therewith, recognize the right of the various provincial
Associations to apply to them for appointed lecturers, amongst the
professors in the colleges, to give courses of lectures on Natural
History to the members, and to others who wish to attend them.
A second circumstance connected with the general details which
I have glanced at is, that when such lectures are given by really
competent persons, they are attended by large numbers of those
who are anxious to obtain good solid information in the science of
Natural History.

The importance of these facts as bearing upon the intellectual,
and therefore the moral character of the Irish people, if carried
out as it has been begun, can scarcely be overrated. But the con-
sideration arising out of these circumstances, which I would most
particularly impress upon your minds as a Society, is, that with all
the advantages derived from the existence and due administration
of the Institutions which I have been enumerating, and the re-
cognition in so many ways of the importance of Natural Science as
a branch of popular education, and the mass of facts which must
be continually brought before them, there are, with two or three
exceptions, no means whatever provided for the register of those
facts, or for the publication of communications made to the Socie-

&2

XI PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ties, however vjiluable and interesting they may be. It is to this
point that I have been principally endeavouring to lead ; and to
suggest (for I am not comjietent to do more) whether the Linnean
Society may not, both in this and the sister kingdom, by offering a
place in our publications for a selection from those contributions,
be the means of preserving much valuable matter from being lost,
and extending the patronage and prestige of the Society to such
provincial institutions as may be desirous to avail themselves of this
advantage. You will perceive that this is merely carrying further,
and founding upon a still broader basis, the views which I took the
liberty to enunciate upon a foi'uier occasion. Should the sug-
gestions which I have now ventured to make, ever appear to the
Society to be in any degree susceptible of being efficiently carried
out, without infringing upon our more normal and important
duties, I believe that any increase of our expenses which may thus
be entailed upon us would be amply supplied by an accession of
members from Ireland ; and I cannot but believe that the closer
union which would thus be created between the naturalists of the
two components of the united kingdom would, inter alia, tend to
that increasing good-will and mutual understanding which every
lover of his country, on both sides of the Channel, must be
rejoiced to recognize as already progressing, and earnestly endea-
vour to promote.

OBITUAEY NOTICES.

The Secretary then read the following notices of deceased Fel-
lows, Foreign Members, and Associates : —

Mr. Charles Bai'ter entered the service of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, in April 18-19, having been previously employed
under his father, who was gardener at Cadlands, near Southamp-
ton. During the two years that he remained at Kew, Mr. Barter
seems to have been most industrious in acquiring a knowledge of
botany, and, as one proof of his proficiency, Mr. Smith, the Cura-
tor, states that a copy of Hooker's ' British Flora ' having been
offered by him as a reward for the best and most correctly named
collection of native specimens, and four of the young men con-
nected with the Gardens having competed for it, the prize was
gained by Mr. Barter. In April 1851, he exchanged the service
of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for that of the Royal Botanic Society,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXI

in the Regent's Park, where he remained as a foreman till 1857,
when, on the recommendation of Sir W. Hooker, he was engaged
as Botanist to the Niger expedition, under Dr. Baikie.

Of his energy and industry while in Africa it is impossible to
speak too highly. His collections, now forming part of the rich
Herbarium of the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, embrace upwards of 1300
species, about 220 of which are probably undescribed, including
twenty-four or twenty-five new generic types, and examples of the
eight following orders, not previously known in the Niger Flora ;
viz. Himiiriaceae, BahaminecB, PriniulacecE, Cuscutece, Myo^orinecB,
AristolocJiiacecB, Ci/cadacece, and Sutomecd.

Dr. Hooker has dedicated to him, and described in the present
volume of the Society's ' Journal ' (Bot., p. 14, tab. 2), a very sin-
gular and anomalous genus of PassifloretB, allied to Smeathmannia,
R. Br., and detected by Barter himself at the mouth of the Niger.
In proposing that this interesting plant should bear the name of
its indefatigable discoverer, Dr. Hooker observes that his collec-
tions far exceed in magnitude, condition, and value, those of any
other explorer in those regions.

An extract of a letter from Mr. Barter to Prof. Bentley, dated
Eabba, River Quorra, Sept. 29, 1857, about three months after his
arrival in the river, was published in vol, ii. of our ' Jommal ' (Bot.,
p. 180), and two letters addressed by him to Sir William Hooker,
and dated, respectively, January 2, 1859, and March 7, 1859, are
printed in the fourth volume.

Extracts from many of the letters addressed by him to Sir "W.
Hooker during the progress of the Expedition, appeared from time
to time in the ' Gardener's Chronicle ' for 1858 and 1859, and the
announcement of his death, which, as stated by Dr. Baikie, in a
letter to his brother, occurred at Rabba, on the Niger, on the 15th
of July, 1859, is accompanied by the following observations by the
editor : — " We, in common with all who knew Mr. Barter, regret
his untimely fate. The letters from him, published in our columns,
in the early part of the present year, showed him to be a man of
great intelligence ; and the very valuable collections of both, living
and dried plants sent by him to Kew proved that his intelligence
was accompanied by much zeal and untiring energy. We believe
that his death was caused by dysentery — a dreadful scourge in such
climates as the banks of the Niger."

Mr. Barter was elected an Associate on the 18th of November,
1858, but the news of his death arrived before his name could bQ
inserted in the printed list.

I^" PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Jacob Bell, who died on the 12th of Jvme, 1859, was elected a
Fellow of the Society on the 6th of March, 1832.

Altliough he never took any active part in the labours of the
Linnean Society, Mr. Bell was a distinguished patron of art and
science. As the founder, moreover, of the Pharmaceutical Society,
and the active agent, at great personal labour and expense, in
the procuring of its Charter, he contributed very largely to the
advancement of an art in many ways intimately connected with
our pursuits, and thus demands from us a tribute to his memory.
A brief accovmt of his useful life and career is given in the ' Phar-
maceutical Journal ' for September 1859. In this he appears as
an upriglit, earnest, and excellent man, to whom science and art
were, indirectly, under considerable obligations.

lAeutenant- General Sir Thomas MaMotiffall Brisbane, G.G.B.,
G.C.H., Colonel of the Mth Begiment, F.B.S., and Pres. Boy.
Soc. Edin., B.C.L. of Oxford, was born at Brisbane, near Largs
in Ayrshire, in Jvily 1773. He entered the Army in 1782, at a
very early age, and accompanied the forces under the Duke of
York in the campaigns in Planders, where he was actively engaged
and received a wound. He subsequently served with distinction
under Sir Ealph Abercrombie in the West Indies, and under the
Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula, where he commanded a
brigade, and was present in most of the important battles, and
wounded in that of Toulouse.

From 1820 to 1825 he filled the post of Governor-general of
New South Wales, where he established an observatory, and
favoured science in every way in his power.

He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on the 5th of
June, 1821, and died at Brisbane on the 27th of January, 1860, in
the 87th year of his age.

Samuel Curtis, Esq., son of the well-known original proprietor
of the 'Botanical Magazine,' and author of the ' Flora Londinensis^'
was born in the year 1780. He commenced life as a nurseryman in
Essex, and acquired a considerable reputation in the planting and
laying-out of pleasure grounds and gardens. His scientific labours
appear to have been confined principally to the continuation of
the publication of the ' Botanical Magazine,' which, as is well
known, has since long flourished under the editorship of Sir W. J.
Hooker. Mr. Curtis was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society,
November 20, 1810.

Some years since he retired to a curious little property which
he had purchased in the island of Jersey, and where he died on

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxiii

the 6tli of January, 1860, iu his 81st year. At this spot Mr.
Curtis' talents as an ornamental gardener appear to have been
displayed to great advantage, and in opposition even to apparently
insurmountable difficulties.

For the following particulars respecting this abode I am in-
debted to Mr. Adam White, who paid Mr. Curtis a visit in the
year 1858. The place is named La Chaise, and is one of the rocky
knolls lying close to Eozel Bay, in the island of Jersey. Many
years ago Mr. Curtis was struck with the sheltered situation of
the bay, and thought of it as a place to which he would like to
retire. For a trifling sum he purchased the rock and immediately
began to transform it into a Chinese garden. It was so steep and
bare, that, excepting a scanty sprinkling of rock flowers, it pro-
duced nothing and seemed incapable of being turned to any
account. By quarrying the rock, however, he made a smooth
surface on which he built a house, and by dint of labour he carried
winding walks to the top, and succeeded in bringing up some of
the rich vegetable soil of the island, with which he filled artificial
fissures and hollows in the rock. The result was, that in a few
years La Chaise was covered with a mass of the most varied vege-
tation, and in 1858 Mr. Curtis informed Mr. White that he had
at least 2000 difierent species of plants, shrubs, trees, and flowers
growing in the utmost luxurance on what a few years before was
a bare rock. Shrubs that require a greenhouse even in the Isle
of Wight, stood all seasons at Eozel Bay wifliout any injiu-y.

Thomas Forster, M.B., A.S.S., a nephew of our late much-
lamented Treasiu'er, Mr. Edward Forster, was elected in 1811.
He had lived abroad for many years, and died at Brussels on the
2nd of February, 1 860, at the age of 70. He was a man of eccen-
tric habits and views, and an accomplished linguist. Respecting
the department of science to which he was more particularly ad-
dicted I am not informed, but he has written on the subject of
the Migration of SwaUows. He also published, some twenty years
ago, " An Account of Myself and my Family," in which any further
particulars concerning him will be found.

Arthur ILenfrey was born, of English parents, at Aberdeen, on
the 1st November, 1819, and died on the 7th September, 1859,

Originally intended for the medical profession, he studied
medicine and surgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and was
admitted a member of the College of Surgeons in 184-3. His pre-
carious health, however, owing to a distressing asthmatic afiection,
precluding him from the practice of his profession, he devoted

XXIV PEOCEBDINGS OP THE

himself to scientific pursuits, and more especially to botany. He
soon became distinguished for his scientific knowledge and un-
tii'ing industry, and in 1847 undertook the duties of Lecturer in
Botany in the Medical School of St. George's Hospital, which he
relinquished on becoming the successor of his distinguished friend
Edward Forbes in the Botanical Chair at King's College — a post
which he occupied up to the time of his death. He was also
appointed Examiner in Natural History to the Eoyal Military
Academy and to the Society of Arts.

Manfully contending with his constitutional infirmity, and
with tlie frequent recurrence of a distressing complaint. Professor
Henfrey nevertheless laboured incessantly and devotedly in the
cause of science. Though continually engaged in original and
minute research, in the department more especially of physiolo-
gical botany, he yet found time to aid in many other ways the
advance and difi'usion of knowledge. Besides several systematic
works, he contributed numerous papers, original and translated,
to difierent scientific joiu'nals, in addition to the valuable Me-
moirs which have appeared from his pen in our own publications
and in those of the Royal Society. In 1849 he established the

* Botanical Gazette,' a valuable scientific publication, which he
supported, I believe at his own risk, with zeal and perseverance,
for two or three years, when, finding that, like almost all strictly
scientific periodicals in this country (to our shame be it spoken),
it could be carried on only at a loss, he was reluctantly compelled
to discontinue it. He was also at one time Editor of the ' Photo-
graphic Journal ' — a post which must have entailed considerable
trouble, and made many demands upon his indefatigable industry.
The numerous and highly valuable botanical articles in the

* Micrographic Dictionary ' were contributed by him ; and a
second edition of this work had but just passed under his revision
shortly before his death. His last and most important work was
an ' Elementary Course of Botany,' which was published in 1857.

But this brief and imperfect abstract of Arthur Henfrey's scien-
tific labours is but a small part of the tribute due to his memory.
High as the scientific position he occupied was, aud higher as it
undoubtedly would have become had his useful life been prolonged,
his worth as a man is not to be measured by this standard alone.
To those, and they are many, who were more intimately acquainted
with him, his memory will be endeared by the warm remembrance
of his kindly and aflTectionate disposition, his genial manners, and
his eagerness at all tiines to oblige and assist,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

Deeply as science must regret his loss, the tear of friendship
will be a warmer tribute to his early grave.

He was elected an Associate of the Linuean Society in March
1843, and a Fellow in June 1844.

Thomas HorsfieJd, M.B., F.B.S., &c. &c. was born on the 12th
of May, 1773, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S. His parents be-
longed to the Moldavian sect, in whose faith Dr. Horsfield himself
lived and died. His tastes very early in life led him to the study
of botany, and a similar inclination, perhaps, to the pursuit of all
branches of biological science caused him to select medicine as a
profession. He took his degree as Doctor in his 23rd or 24th year.

In 1799 Dr. Horsfield quitted America, and proceeding to Java
resided there and in Sumatra, under the Dutch and British rule,
for nearly twenty years. It was here that he secured the warm
friendship of Sir Stamford Raffles, who, it is believed, acquired
from Dr. Horsfield that love of natural history by which he was
distinguished, and which rendered him so zealous in its promotion.

During Sir S. Baffles' administration in Sumatra, Dr. Horsfield
was employed in the exploitation of the island of Banca, the result
of which was the publication of a most important and valuable
report upon the mineralogy, geology, botany, and zoology of that
coimtry. Dr. Horsfield left the Eastern Archipelago in 1818, and,
soon after his arrival in England, was in 1820 appointed Keeper
of the Museum of the East India Company — a post which he held
up to his death, or for a space of more than forty years.

Dr. Horsfield, though perhaps more eminent as a zoologist, was
almost equally versed in botanical and miueralogical knowledge.
He made a large collection of objects of natural history in Java
and Sumatra. Selections from his botanical collections were
published, with the aid of his friends Dr. Robert Brown and Mr,
J. J. Bennett, in 1838-52, under the title of ' Plantae Javanicae
Eariores,' in the introduction to which a particular account of
his career will be found. The most important, however, and the
earliest of Dr. Horsfield's independent works after his coming to
England, was his ' Zoological Researches in Java and the Neigh-
bouring Islands,' published in 1821 and the following years.
He also contributed very numerous papers, chiefly on zoological
subjects, to the Linnean Transactions, and to the Proceedings of
the Zoological and other scientific Societies, as well as to the
Transactions of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences. The
■ valuable illustrated Catalogues of the Mammalia, Birds, and Lepi-
doptera in the East India House, were compiled by his assistant,

XXVI PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Moore, from Dr. Horsfield's materials and manuscripts, and
under his immediate inspection, so that they may properly be in-
cluded in a list of his own works.

Dr. Horsfield always took the deepest interest in the progress
of natural history, and especially in the systematic arrangement
of animals, in which he adopted the views of Mr. M'Leay. His
classifications of the Diurnal Lepidoptera and of Birds exhibit great
powers of pliilosophical analysis.

His numerous scattered papers, if put together, would constitute
several large and valuable volumes, and many of them, more espe-
cially those on the Greology and Natural History of the Eastern
Archipelago, well deserve to be collected in a separate form.

Amiable, beloved, and deeply lamented, this estimable man and
excellent naturalist died ou the 2-lth July, 1859, at the age of 86,
the siu'vivor of an illustrious triumvirate, who about the same
time commenced in a very similar manner careers eminently use-
ful to mankind, and which have rendered their own names as lasting
as science itself, and who have all passed away as it were together
at the same advanced age. The names of Humboldt, of Robert
Brown, and of Thomas Horsfield, though, as regards the latter, not
coequal in renown, may perhaps, in such a tribute as we are now
paying, not improperly be associated, and their deatlis, within the
space of little more than a year, be looked upon as the severance
of so many of the more important remaining links connecting the
science of the last with that of the present century.

Salter Live.say,M.D., was a Surgeon in the Navy, and acted in that
capacity on board one of the vessels engaged in the Rajah Brooke's
attack upon the Borneo pirates. For the last year or two he
had been occupied in Mr. Cuming's vast conchological col-
lection.

Elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on the 1st of December,
1859, he enjoyed his privileges but a very short time, dying sud-
denly, whilst apparently recovering from an attack of gout, on the
8th April, 18G0.

D. W. Mitchell, Esq., B.A., Oxford, was elected EeUow, Nov. 21,
1843. He died in Paris, under very painful and melancholy cir-
cumstances, in November 1859. Mr. Mitchell was well known as
a zoologist, and as Secretary for twelve years to the Zoological
Society, which owes much of its prosperity to his tact and zealous
exertions.

Thomas Nuttall, an Englishman by bn-th, though by adoption,
as well as by his scientific labours and reputation, an American,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXVU

was born in the year 1786, at Settle, in Yorkshire. He was
originally brought up as a printer, and pursued that business at
Halifax and Liverpool, where he worked for some years as a
journeyman. The hope of improving his circumstances, which at
this period of his life do not seem to have been the most en-
couraging, and, as he said, the love of Natural History, induced
him to emigrate to the United States, where he landed at Phila-
delphia in the spring of 1808. Even at this early period of his
life, and in spite of his adverse circumstances, Mr.Nuttall appears to
have acquired a considerable amount of knowledge on various sub-
jects, and must have made himself acquainted to some extent with the
classical languages. Mineralogy seems to have been his earliest and
favourite study, but when he landed in America he appears to have
been wholly ignorant of botany, a branch of science in which he
afterwards acquired his chief reputation. Accidental cireumstancea
having introduced the journeyman printer to Professor Barton,
a well-known American botanist, an intimacy sprang up between
them, and he became imbued with an ardent zeal for the cultivation
of botanical science. This zeal was so ardent, in fact, as to induce
Mr. Nuttall to undertake long, and sometimes laborious and peril-
ous exciu-sions. In the year 1809 he accompanied a Scotch na-
turalist, Mr. John Bradbury, in an exploratory expedition into
the interior of North America, They started from St. Louis with
a party of traders and hunters on the 31st of December, and, cross-
ing the Kansas and Platte rivers, passed throvigh different Indian
tribes, and, visiting the Mandan villages, ascended the Missouri
beyond the point reached by Lewis and Clarke in 1804-5. On
this journey, which lasted for two years, the travellers seem to
have been exposed to many dangers from the Indians, and to have
endured the greatest fatigues.

Mr. NuttaU returned to Philadelphia with ample treasures of
plants, seeds, minerals, and other objects of natural history. For
the next eight years he occupied the summer months in botanical
excursions, and the winter season in the study and arrangement
of his collections, and the preparation of his materials for ' The
Genera of the North American Plants,' which was published in
1818. Of this work, upon which principally stands the reputation
of Mr. NuttaU as a botanist. Professor Torrey in the preface to his
' Flora ' remarks that " it has contributed, more than any other, to
the advance of tlie accurate knowledge of the plants of the United
• States.'.' It is a curious circumstance that tlie author himself set
up the best part of the type, and sucli was his accuracy in type-

XXX PROOEEDrNGS OF THE

of the Society in the year 1852, and died on the 5th of August,
1859, aged 57.

Lieut.-Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, K.H., K.W., F.B.8.,Sfe.,
Sfc, was born in the year 1776 in Austrian Flanders. He be-
longed to a Protestant family holding a good position in the pro-
vince, and partly of British descent. At an early age he was sent
to school in England, but, on tlie outbreak of the revolutionary
troubles, returned to Flanders, and prosecuted his studies at the
Engineer Academy of Mechlin and at Louvain.

Attached to the British forces, and under the patronage of the
Earl of Moira, he served in various parts, and in December 1797
joined the 60th Regiment in the West Indies, where he became
Brigade Major imder Major- General Carmichael. He served for
twelve years in the West Indies, and in 1809 took part in the Wal-
cheren expedition as Deputy Quartermaster General. He after-
wards served with great distinction in Holland and Brabant, cap-
turing the fortress of Tholen with a handful of German auxiliaries.

He continued to be actively engaged in different capacities and
in various parts of the globe, in all displaying the utmost zeal and
intelligence. He went on half-pay, however, in 1820, after which
he was not again employed. Services such as these, so varied and
so incessant, speak for themselves. They constitute, however, but
a small portion of Col. Smith's claims to distinction and remem-
brance. In the intervals of his active military career he found
leisure to prosecute various branches of study, and to accumulate
materials for numerous writings on subjects of historical, zoolo-
gical, antiquarian, and scriptural research, in which he was aided
by remarkable powers of memory, and by a skill and facility of
pictorial representation almost unrivalled.

Col. Smith was a voluminous author on various subjects, histo-
rical and military, — works to which no particular reference need
here be made. But of his scientific labours, should be noticed, in
the domain of Natural History, the account of the Rumiuantia in
Cxivier's ' Eegne Animal ' in Griffith's edition, 1855, which was
written by him, and many of the engravings in that edition were
from drawings furnished by his pencil. At a later period he sup-
plied the volumes on "Dogs," "Horses," and "Introduction to
Mammalia," to the 'Naturalists' Library,' edited by Sir W.Jardine ;
and, in connexion with the same work, he published in 1848 the
*' Natural History of the Human Species." He was also tlie author
of the elaborate articles on Natural History and on Warfare in
the 'Cyclopjedia of Scriptural KnoAvledge ' of Dr. Kitto.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOT^f. XXXI

He has also left more than twenty thick volumes of MS. notes,
on almost every subject that can be named ; and besides this, an
enormous collection of water-colour drawings, most valuable to
the antiquarian and naturalist ; and these, dviring his life, were at
the free disposal of all to whom they could be of the slightest
service.

Upon his retirement from active service. Col. Smith fixed his
residence at Plymouth, and from this town he never afterwards
removed. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in
1826, and was elected President of the Devon and Cornwall
Natural History Society at its formation. He died September 21,
1859.

William Spence, JEsq., F.B.S., was born at Hull in the year 1783,
and commenced life there in business. At an early age he con-
tracted an ardent taste for the study of Insects, which led to his
forming the acquaintance, and afterwards the intimate friendship,
of the late Mr. Kirby, in conjunction wdth whom his name will
descend to all time.

The two friends conjointly published the well-known ' Intro-
duction to Entomology,' of whose merits it is needless to say any-
thing, seeing that it has been universally placed in the first rank
of English classical Natural History works. The names of its
authors will always remain associated with the science of Ento-
mology, to the advance of which, by their admirable popular book^
they have so very largely contributed. The first idea or plan of
the -work is believed to have originated with Mr. Spence, and was
suggested by him in a letter to his friend in the year 1808. The
first volume, however, did not appear till 1815, and it was so well
received as to pass through three editions before the publication
of the second volume in 1817. The work, in four volumes, was
not completed till 182G. In 1856, subsequently to the death of
Mr. Kirby, a seventh edition, in a cheaper and more portable form,
was the last important contribution of Mr. Spence to his favourite
science. Altliough the original design and plan of the work be
undoubtedly due to Mr. Spence, it is impossible, or nearly so, to
discern in its execution the hand of the one or the other author;
so closely attached and so intimately united, apparently, by com-
munity of thouglit and feeling, their style is alike, and the two
have produced a work as marked by vmity of execution as if it were
the product of a single mind.

Besides this "magnum opus," Mr. Spence was the author of
numerous contributions to the Transactions of the Linnefln and

XXXU PBOCEEDINGS OP THE

Entomological Societies, of whicli latter he was several times Pre-
sident.

It should be recorded also that Mr. Spence at one time entered
the political arena, and sat in Parliament for his native town ; his
endeavours in his political capacity being principally directed (as
some, perhaps, will deem it, very mistakenly) to the promotion of
measures calculated to advance, as he supposed, the impossible, and
certainly undesirable, object of rendering Great Britain independent
of foreign nations. On this subject he also published a pamphlet,
which attracted at the time no little attention.

Of late years Mr. Spence devoted much time and energy to the
service of science generally, as a constant attendant, so long as his
health permitted him, at the councils of several societies. He was
consequently familiarly known in the scientific world, and, where
known, his extreme amiability and kindness of disposition, and
his gentle urbanity of manner, rendered him universally esteemed
and beloved.

Mr. Spence became a Pellow of the Linnean Society on the
18th of February, 1806, and died on the 6th of January, 1860,
most deeply lamented.

Sir George Thomas Staunton, JBarf., JD.C.L., F.JR.S., born at
Salisbury in 1781, was the son of Sir George Leonard Staunton,
who enjoyed a considerable reputation as a physician. In 1792 he
accompanied his father, who went out as Secretary to Lord Ma-
cartney in tlie first embassy to China, and on his return entered the
University of Cambridge, where, however, he does not appear to
have remained very long. In 1799 he returned to China as
Secretary to the British Factory at Canton, of which body he
afterwards became the President. Continuing to reside in China,
he was attached in 1816 to Lord Amherst's embassy as Eoyal
Commissioner ; and in this capacity his extensive knowledge of the
language and manners of the Chinese enabled him to render im-
portant services, and on one occasion to appease a formidable
quarrel between the natives and the foreigners resident at Canton.
In 1817 he quitted China, and, returning to his native country, in
the following year entered the House of Commons, where he sat
with brief interruptions for many years, finally retiring into private
life in 1852.

Sir George Staunton's literary labours were principally devoted
to subjects connected with China, its laws, manners and language,
the knowledge of which was much promoted by his translations
and writings. Among the latter may be enumerated ' The Penal

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIU

Code of the Chinese Empire,' published in 1810, ' A Narrative of
the Chinese Embassy in 1821,' and a ' Journal of Lord Amherst's
Embassy,' printed, I believe, for private circulation. In addition
to these, however, he published a biography of his father, under
the title of ' Memoirs of the Life and Family of the late Sir Gr. L.
Staunton.' His great command of the Chinese language was evinced
in a work on Vaccination, written in that tongue, and which it is
believed has been the means of introducing, or of extending, a
knowledge of Dr. Jenner's salutary discovery among the natives
of that vast empire.

In 1853 Sir G-. Staunton edited, for the Hakluyt Society, Parke's
Translation from the Spanish of Mendoza's ' History of the Great
and Mighty Kingdom of China;' thus concluding his literary
labours, as he had commenced them, with a work devoted to the
country in which he spent so many of the most valuable years of
his life.

He was admitted into the Linnean Society, November 20, 1797,
and concluded his long and useful life on the 10th of Augvist,
1859, in the 79th year of liis age.

George Suitor, Esq., was born in the year 1774. In 1778 he
became known to Sir Joseph Banks, by whose advice and under
whose auspices he undertook a voyage to New South "Wales, with
the double object of introducing into that country a variety of
European fruit-trees, and of making botanical collections. He
started accordingly towards the end of 1798, taking with him a
large collection of European plants, especially fruit-trees and vines.
The voyage, however, was not very successful in its main object,
for the vessel in which Mr. Suttor sailed (the ' Porpoise ') was
either so badly handled, or so unfortunate, as to be compelled
to return to England for provisions : thus it was more than two
years before she reached her destined port, and during tliis pro-
longed passage the greater part of Mr. Suttor' s plants necessarily
perished.

On reaching Australia, Mr. Suttor appears to have determined
upon remaining in the colony, of which consequently he may be
regarded as one of the earliest settlers ; and he selected the vicinity
of Bathurst for his permanent abode.

Here he cultivated tlie vine to a considerable extent, naming
one of his estates the "Vineyard."

In 1842, Mr. Suttor returned to England, and shortly after
visited several of the wine-producing districts of the Continent,
The result of his investigations was published in 1843, in a volume

LINN. rROt'., VOL. V. C

XXxiv PEOCEEDTNGS OT THE

entitled ' The Cultiire of the Grape-vine and the Orange in Au-
stralia and New Zealand ;' and it is not improbable that Mr. Sut-
ter's meritorious exertions have mainly contributed to the intro-
duction into his adopted country of a culture which in future years
will doubtless add much to its resources and prosperity.

He shortly after returned to New South Wales, and resided at
his property, called " Alio way Bank," near Bathurst, where he
died in May ] 859, at the patriarchal age of 85.

He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society during his visit
to England in April 1843.

The Secretary also announced that thirty-six Fellows and two
Foreign Members had been elected since the last Anniversary.

At the election which subsequently took place, Thomas Bell,
Esq., was re-elected President, and Francis Boott, Esq., M.D.,
Treasurer ; George Busk, Esq., was elected Secretary, and Frede-
rick Currey, Esq., Under (Botanical) Secretary. The following five
Fellows were elected into the Council, in the room of others gomg
out : viz., John Ball, Esq. ; T. S. Cobbold, Esq., M.D. ; J. B. Hicks,
Esq., M.D. ; J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D. ; and T. H. Huxley, Esq.

It was moved by the President, and unanimously resolved,
" That the Society desire to record their deep and aflectionate
regret at the retirement, on account of illness, of Mr. Bennett
from the office of Secretary, the duties of which he has fulfilled
with imexampled zeal, judgment, and courtesy for twenty years ;
and to this expression of regret at his retirement, they would add
their cordial Thanks for these unrequited services, and their earnest
hope that his health may speedily be restored, so that the Society
may yet enjoy the pleasure of his presence and the advantage of
his counsels for many years."

Among the Presents announced was that of a cast from a bust,
by Woolner, of Sir "W. J. Hooker, F.E.S., F.L.S., presented by
Henry Christy, Esq., F.L.S., to whom the special Thanks of the
Society were directed to be oftered for his very acceptable donation.

Mr. Ball, on the part of the Auditors of the Treasurer's Ac-
counts, read the Balance Sheet, by which it appeared that the total
receipts during the past year, including a balance of £555 4^. Id.
carried from the preceding year, amounted to £1900 17s. ; and
that the total expenditure during the same period amounted to
£1485 2s. 9d., leaving a balance in the hands of the Bankers of
^£415 14s. Sd.

LIKNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON.

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XXXVl PEOCEEDINftS OF THE

June 7th, 1860.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
C. L. Bradley, Esq., was elected a Fellow.

The President nominated J. J. Bennett, Esq., George Bentham,
Esq., Eichard Owen, Esq., D.C.L., and W. W. Saunders, Esq.,
Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

Bead, first, " On the Poisonous Properties of the Liver of a
species of Diodon inhabiting the Seas of South Africa ;" by Julius
Hellmuth and Mr, H. Jameson. Communicated (with a note)
by Sir John Eichardson, C.B., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Zoological
Proceedings," vol. v. p. 213.)

Eead, secondly, " On some oceanic Entomostraca collected by
Capt. T. Toynbee ;" by John Lubbock, Esq., E.E.S., F.L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 173.)

Eead, thirdly, " On the Nervous System of the Aster idee ;" by
Henry S. Wilson, M.D. Communicated by Thomas Anderson,
M.D., P.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 107.)

June 21st, 1860.
Thomas BeU, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The Eev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., was elected a PeUow.

Eead, first, "On the Mutual Eelations of the Cold-blooded Ver-
tebrata ;" by J. Eeay Greene, B.A., Prof. Nat. Hist. Queen's Coll.,
Cork. Communicated by George Busk, Esq., E.E.S., Sec. L.S. 1
(See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 218.)

Eead, secondly, " Observations on the Neuration of the Hind
Wings of Hymenoptera ; and on the Hooks which unite the Wings
tof^ether in flight ;" by Miss E. Staveley. Communicated by Dr.
J. E. Gray, P.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 125.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVll

Eead, thirdly, " Catalogue of Dipterous Insects collected at
Dorey, New Guinea;" by Francis "Walker, Esq., F.L.S. (See
"Zoological Proceedings," vol. v. p. 229.)

Eead, fourthlj, " Florula Adenensis ; being a systematic account
of all the Flowering Plants hitherto found at Aden ;" by Thomas
Anderson, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings,"
Supplement to vol. v.)

Eead, fifthly, " On Arctic Vegetation ;" by J. D. Hooker, Esq.,
M.D., F.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxiii. pt. 2.)

E^ad, sixthly, " On the Plants collected by Dr. Walker during
Sir L. M'Clintock's voyage in the Arctic searching Yacht, ' Fox ' ;"
by the same. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. v. p. 79.)

Eead, seventhly, " Prascursores ad Floram Indicam. — Cruci-
ferce ;" by the same. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. v. p. 128.)

Eead, eighthly, " Illustrations of the Floras of the Malayan
Archipelago;" by the same. (See "Transactions," vol. xxiii.
p. 155.)

Eead, ninthly, " Notes and Descriptions of Orchidaceous Plants
from Trinidad ;" by Edward Bradford, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead, tenthly, " On some new species of Musci and HepaticoB
from Tropical Africa;" by William Mitten, Esq., A.L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxiii. p. 51.)

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

RECEIVED FROM JULY 1, 1859, TO JUNE 30, 1860.

[^Continued from Vol. IV. page Ixxxvii.]

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies.

Amsterdam : — Kon. Zoologisch Genootschap * Natura Artis

Magistra.' Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Aflevering 8.

1859, 4to. The Society.

Antwerp : — Societe Paleontologique de Belgique ; tome 1,

feuilles 1-^. Anvers, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Basel : — Naturforschende G-esellschaft. Verhandlungen, Theil 2,

Heft 2 & 3. Basel, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Batavia: — Societas Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicse (=Natuurk.

Vereeniging in Nederl. Indie).

Acta (Verhandelingen), voU. 3 & 4. Batavia, 1857-58, 4to.

Natuurkuudig Tijdscbrift, deel 14 (=3*^^ serie, deel 4),

Afl. 4, 5 & 6. lb. 1857, 8vo.

, deel 15, 16 & 17 {=4<^^ serie, deel 1-3). lb.

1858-59, 8vo. The Society.

Berlia : —

Kou. Akademie der Wissenscbaften.

Abhaudlungeu, aus dem J. 1854, 2*^'' supplement-Band, &

aus dem J. 1858. Berlia, 1859, 4to.
Monatsbericbt, aus dem J. 1859. lb. 1860, 8vo.

The Academy.
Vereia zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues, &c. Verbandluugen,
Neue Eeibe. Jabrgang 6, Heft 2. BerHn, 1859, 8vo.

The Association.
Bologna : — Accademia deUe Scienze. Eendiconto deUe sessioni
1856-57, 1857-58, & 1859. Bologna, 1857-59, 8vo.

Dr. a. Beetoloni, F.M.L.S.

additions to the libbary. xxxix

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).

Bombay : — Magnetical and Meteorological Observations made
at the Hon. E. I. Co.'s Observatory, in 1857. Bombay,
1858, 4to. The Secbetaey of State for India.

Bonn : — Naturhistoriseher Verein. Verhandlungen, Jabrg. 16.
Bonn, 1859, 8vo. The Association.

Breslau: — Academia Naturae Ciiriosorum. Acta, tomus 27.
JensB, 1860, 4to. The Academy.

Brussels : — Academie Hoyale des Sciences, &c.
Memoires, tome 31. Bruxelles, 1859, 4to.
Memoires couronnes, &c., tome 20. lb. 1858, 4to.

. Collection in 8vo, tome 9. Ih. 1859.

Bulletins, 2^ serie, tomes 4-8. lb. 1858-59, 8vo.

Tables generales et analytiques du Eecueil des Bulletins,

1^ serie, tomes 1-23. lb. 1858, 8vo.
Annuaire, 25^ & 26^ anne'es. lb. 1859-60, 12mo.
Sur les travaux de rancienne Academie de Bruxelles ; par
M. Ad. Quetelet. 8vo. The Academy,

Calcutta : — Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 28. Calcutta, 1859,
8vo. The Society,

Charleston, S. Carolina : — Elliott Society.

Proceedings, vol. i. Charleston, 1859, 8vo.
Journal, vol. i. art. 1 & 2. lb. 1859, 4to.
Constitution and Bye-laws. lb. 1857, 8vo. The Society.
Copenhagen : — Kongl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.

Skrifter. 5*^ Baekke. Naturvidensk. og Mathem. Afdeling.

Bind 4, Hefte 2, & Bd. 5, Hft. 1. Kjobenhavn, 1859, 4to.

Oversigt i aar. 1858. lb. 8vo. The Society,

Cornwall : — B. Cornwall Polytechnic Society. Annual Reports

22, 23, 26 & 27. Falmouth, 1854-59, 8vo. The Society,

Dublin:—

Geological Society. Journal, vol, 8, pt, 2. Dublin, 1859, 8vo,

The Society.

Natural History Society. Proceedings, vol. 1, part 2. Dublin,

1858, 8vo. The Society,

Eoyal Dublin Society, Journal, nos. 14 & 15. Dublin, 1859,

8vo. The Society,

Eoyal Irish Academy.

Transactions, vol. 23, part 2. Dublin, 1859, 4to,
Proceedings, vol. 7, parts 1-8, lb. 1858-59, 8vo,

The Academy,

xl ADDITIONS TO TUE LIBEAEY.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).
Dublm (continued) : —

University Zoological and Botanical Association. Proceedings,
vol. 1, pt. 2. Dublin, 1859, 8vo. The Associatiok.
Edinburgh : —

Botanical Society. Transactions, vol. 6, pt. 2. Edinburgh,
1859, 8vo. The Society.

Eo3^al Society.

Transactions, vol. 22, part 1. (Edinburgh, 1859 ?) 4to.

Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 49. 1858-59, 8vo. The Society.

Frankfurt-a.-M. : — Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesell-

schaft. Abhaudlungen, Band 3, Lieferung 1. Erank-

furt-a.-M., 1859, 4to. The Society.

Greneva: — Societe de Physique et d'Histoire NatureUe. Me-

moires, tome 15, partie 1. Geneve, 1859, 4to.

The Society.
Gottingen : — Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschafteu.
Abhandluugen, Band 8. Gottingen, 1860, 4to.
Nachrichten, vom Jahre 1859 (nos. 1-20). Ih. 12mo.

The Society.
Halifax, Nova Scotia : — Literary and Scientific Society. Trans-
actions for 1859. Halifax, U.S., 1859, 8vo. The Society.
Helsiugfors : — Siillskapet ' pro Eauna et Elora Eemiica.' Eor-
handlingar. Ny Serie. Hiiftet 1. Helsingfors, 1859, 8vo.

The Society.
Lausanne : — Societe Vaudoise des Sciences NatureUes. Bulletin,
tome 6, nos. 44-46. Lausanne, 1859-60, 8yo.

The Society.

Leyden : — Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging. Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie ; onder Redactie van Prof. J.

Van der Hoeven, &c. Deel 2, afl. 3-6, & deel 3, afl. 1-3.

Leyden, 1858-59, 8vo, The Association.

Liege : — Societe E. des Sciences. Memoires, tome 14. Liege,

1859, 8vo. The Society.

Liverpool : — Literary and Philosophical Society. Proceedings,

no. 13. Liverpool, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

Art-Union.

Eeport of the Council for 1859 ; with List of Members.

London, 1859, 8vo.
Almanac for 1860. lb. 12mo. The Abt-Union.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAKY. xli

Titles. Donoes,

Academies and Societies (continued).
London (continued) : —

British Association. Eeports of the 28th and 29th Meetings.
London, 1859-60, 8vo. The Association.

British Meteorological Society. Eeports of the Coioncil for
1856-58. London, 1857-59, 8vo.

James Glaishee, Esq., E.E.S.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 5,

part 2. London, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, vol. 15, parts 3-5, &

vol. 16, parts 1 & 2. London, 1859-60, 8vo.

The Society.
Geological Survey. Memoirs. British Organic Eemaias.
Monogr. 1. London, 1859, 4to.

. Plates to ditto. 11. 1859, fol.

Hee Majesty's Goveenment.
Horticultural Society. Proceedings, vol. 1, nos. 1-13. London,
1859-60, 8vo. The Society.

Medical and Chirurgical Society.

Transactions, vol. 42. London, 1859, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 3, nos. 2 & 3. Ih. 1859-60, 8vo.

The Society.
Microscopical Society -.—v. Journals.

Pharmaceutical Society. Journal. 2nd Series, vol. 1, nos. 1-12.
London, 1859-60, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Society.

Philosophical Transactions, vol. 149, parts 1 & 2. London,

1859-60, 4to.
Proceedings, nos. 35-38. II. 1859-60, 8vo.
List of the Society, Nov. 30th, 1859. Ih. 4to.

The Society.

Eoyal Agricultural Society. Journal, vol. 20, parts 1 & 2.

London, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 17, parts 1 & 2. London,

1859-60, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Astronomical Society.

Memoirs, vol. 27. London, 1859, 4to.
Monthly Notices, vol. 18. lb. 1858, 8vo. The Society.
Eoyal College of Physicians. List of Pellows, Members, &c.
London, 1859, 8vo. The College.

Xlii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).
London (continued) : —

Eoyal Greographical Society.

Journal, vol. 28. London, 1858, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 3, no. 6, and vol. 4, nos. 1 & 2. London,
1859-60, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Institution.

List of the Members, &c. ; with the Report of the Visitors

for 1858. London, 1859, 8vo.
Notices of the Meetings, part 9. lb. 1859, 8vo.

The Institution.
Society of Arts. Journal, Nos. 345-397. London, 1859-60,
8vo. The Society.

Zoological Society.

Transactions, vol. 4, p^rt 6. London, 1859, 4to.
Proceedings (with Illustrations). New Series, part 4 for

1858, and parts 1-3 for 1859. lb. 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society.

Madras : — Literary Society. Madras Journal of Literature

and Science. New Series, vol. 4, nos. 7-9. Madras,

1858-59, 8vo. The Society.

Manchester : — Literary and Philosophical Society.

Memoirs, 2nd Series, vol. 15, part 2. London, 1860, 8vo.
Proceedings, nos. 1-16 (1858-59), & nos. 1-14 (1859-60).
lb. 8vo. The Society.

Moscow : — Societe Imp. des Naturalistes.

Nouveaux Memoires, tome 8. Moscou, 1846, 4to.
Bulletin, tome 7 (wanting the plates) ; tome 8 ; tome 14,
no. 4 ; tome 17, nos. 2 & 3 ; tome 19, nos. 1 & 2 ; tome
27, nos. 2-4 ; tome 28, no. 1 ; tome 31, nos. 2-4 ; and
tome 32, no. 1. lb. 1834-59, 8vo. The Society.

Munich : — Konigl. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Gelehrte Anzeigen, Band 48. Mianchen, 1859, 4to.
AJmanach fiir 1859. lb. 12mo.
Eriunerung an Mitglieder der Math.-phys, Classe ; eine

Eede, von Dr. C. F. P. von Martins. lb. 1859, 4to.
Untersuchungen Cber die Lichtstiirke der Planeten Venus,
Mars, Jupiter, und Saturn, &c., von Ludw. Seidel. lb.

1859, 4to.

Eede iiber die 100-jahrigen Stiftungsfeier der Akademie,
von G. L. von Maurer. lb. 1859, 4to. The Academy.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT. xliii

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued').

Newcastle-on-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Pield Club. Trans-
actions, vol. 4, part 2. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1859, 8vo.

The Club.

New Tork: — Lyceum of Natural History. Annals, vol. 6,

nos. 8-13, & vol. 7, nos. 1-3. New York, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Lyceum.
Paris : —

Academic des Sciences de I'lnstitut.
Memoires, tome 25 ; tome 27, partie 2 ; & tome 31. Paris,

1860, 4to.
Memoires presentes par divers Savants. Sciences mathem.

et physiques, tome 15. lb. 1858, 4to.
Annuaire pour 1860. Ih. 1860, 12mo. The Academy.
Societe Botanique. Bulletin, tome 5, table alphabetique,
titres, &c., et tome 6, nos. 1-9. Paris, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Society.
Societe d'Histoire Naturelle. Memoires, tomes 1-4. Paris,

1823-28, 4t0. PUEOHASED.

Petersburg : — Academic Imp. des Sciences.

Memoires. 7^ Serie, tome 1. St. Petersbourg, 1859, 4to.
Bulletin, tome l,feuilles 1-6. Ih. 4to. The Academy.

Philadelphia : — Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal. New Series, vol. 4, parts 2 & 3. Philadelphia,

1859-60, fol.
Proceedings. Sheets 1-27 for 1859, & sheets 1-5 for 1860.

lb. 8vo. The Academy.

St. Helena : — Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory.

Observations made at, printed under the superintendence

of Major-Gen. E. Sabine, E.A. Vol. 2 (1844-49).

London, 1860, 4to. Hee Majesty's Goveenment.

Stockholm : — Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademien.

Handlingar. Ny Poljd. Baudot 2, Hiiftet 1. Stockholm,

1859, 4to.
Ofversigt. Arg. 15. Ih. 1859, 8vo.
Berattelse om framstegen i Insekternas, Mjo-iapodernas

och Arachnidernas Natural-historia, for 1855 & 1856 ; af

C. H. Boheman. lb. 1859, 8vo.
Kongl. Svenska Pregatten ' Eugenics ' Resa omkring Jor-

den, under Befal af C. A. Virgin, 1851-53. Haft 6.

Ih. 1859, 4to. The Academy.

xliv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAET.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Strasburg : — Societe des Sciences Naturelles. Me'moires, tome 5,

livr. 1. Paris, 1858, 4to. The Society.

Tasmania: — Eoyal Society. Papers and Proceedings, Suppl.

to vol. 3. Hobart Town, &c., 1859, 4to. The Society.

Victoria: — Philosophical Institute. Transactions, vol. 3, and

vol. 4, part 1. Melbourne, 1859, 8vo. The Society.

Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Denkschriften. Mathem.-Naturwiss. Classe. Band 17.

Wien, 1859, 4to.
Sitzungsberichte ; Band 27, Heft 2, & Banden 35-38. lb.
1857-59, 8vo.

. Eegister zu den Banden 21-30. Ih. 1859, Svo.

Almanach, 9"^Jahrg. lb. 1859, Svo. The Academy.

K. K. Centralanstalt fiir Meteorologie, &c. Jahrbiicher,
Band 6. Wien, 1859, 4to.

The Academy of Sciences, Vienna.

K. K. Geologische Eeichsanstalt. Jahrbiicher. Jahrg. 10,

nos. 1-4. Wien, 1858-59, 8vo. The Institute.

Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft. Verhandlimgen, Band 8.

Wien, 1858, Svo. The Society.

Washington : — Smithsonian Institution.

Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 10. Washington, 1858, 4to.
Annual Heport of the Board of Regents, lb. 1858, Svo,

The Institution.
Wurzburg : —

Physikalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft.

Verhandlungen, Band 10, Heft 1-3. Wurzburg, 1859-60,

Svo.
Wurzburger Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift ; redigirt

von H. MiUler, &c. Band 1, Heft 1. lb. 1860, Svo.
Medicinische Zeitschrift ; redigirt von H. Bam-
berger, &c. Band 1, Heft 1. lb. 1860, Svo.

The Society.

York : — Yorkshire Philosophical Society. Annual Eeport for

1859. York, 1860, Svo. The Society.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBAET. xlv

Titles. Donoes.

Anonymous : —

luaugnration du Buste d'A. P. de Candolle, dans le Jardin
des Plantes de Montpellier. MoBtp., 1854, 8vo.

Y. BooTT, Esq., M.D., V.P.L.S.

Memoir of the late John WoUey, jun., Esq. London, 1860,

8vo. The Authob.

Alpinus (P.) De Plantis Exoticis. Venetiis, 1627, 4to.

E. C. S. EoPEE, Esq., E.L.S.
Anderson (T.) Notes on the Elora of Lucknow, with Catalogues of

the cultivated and indigenous plants. 8vo. The Authoe.

Artedi (P.) Synonymia Piscium ; Graeca et Latina : s. Historia

Piscium. Lipsise, 1789, 4to. Puechased.

Babiugton (C. C.) Elora of Cambridgeshire. London, 1860,

12mo. The Authoe.

Balsamo (J.) et De Notaris (J.) Prodromus Bryologiae Mediola-

nensis. Mediolani, 1834, 8vo. Puechased.

Bellardi (L.) Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana, parte 1*. To-
rino, 1859, 4to. The Authoe.
Bertoloni (A.) Elora Italica Cryptogama, fasc. 1 & 2. Bologna,

1858-59, 8vo.

Miscellanea Botanica, nos, 17-20. Bononiae, 1857-59, 4to.

The Authoe.
Bertoloni (G.) Illustrazione dei Prodotti Naturali del Mozam-

bico. Dissert. 4 & 6. Bologna, 1853-58, 4to.
Delia Legnite di Sarzanello, detta Carbon Eossile del Monte

Paterno, &c. lb. 1859, 4to. The Authoe.

Blume (C. L.) Catalogus van 's Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg.

Batavia, 8vo. Puechased.
Collection des Orchidees les plus remarquables de I'Archipel

Indien et du Japon, livr. 1-12. Amsterdam, 1858-59, fol.

W. W. Saundees, Esq., V.P.L.S.
Boissier (E.) Voyage Botanique dans le Midi de I'Espagne, pen-
dant I'annee 1837. 2 tomes. Paris, 1839-45, 4to.

The Authoe.
Bonpland (A,), Humboldt (A.), et Kunth (C. S.) Nova Genera

et Species, torn, 1-7. Lutet. Paris., 1815-25, 4to.

Puechased.
Bourguignat (J. E.) Amcnites Malacologiques. (Bevue et Mag.

de Zool. 1856-59.) 8vo. Hugh Cumino, Esq., F.L.S.

Xlvi ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT.

Titles. Donoes.

Braun (A.) Algarum Unicellulariura genera nova et minus cog-
nita. Lipsise, 1855, 4to. Geoege Busk, Esq., F.E.. & L.S.

Csesalpinus (A.) De Plantis. Morentise, 1583, 4to.

F. C. S. EoPEE, Esq., E.L.S.

Camper (P.) (Euvres de, sur I'Histoire Naturelle, la Physiologie,
&c., tomes 1-3. Paris, 1803, 8vo.

J. J. Be-nnett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Cobbold (T. S.) Museum of Natural History, Mammalia. Lon-
don, 1860, 4to. The Authoe.

Colliugwood (C.) The influence of the Microscope upon the
progressive Advancement of Medicine. Liverpool, 1859,
8vo.

. Comparison between ancient and modern views of the Mi-
gration and Habits of Birds. Ih. 1859, 8vo.

Fauna of Blackheath and its vicinity, part 1. London, 1859,

8vo. The Authoe.

Corda (C.J.) Anleitung zum Studium der Mycologie. Prag,

1842, 8V0. PUECHASED.

Couch (J.) On the process of Exuviation in the common Edible

Crab. 8vo. The Authoe.

Curtis (J.) Farm Insects, parts 2-8. Glasgow, 1859-60, 8vo.

The Author.
Darwin (C.) On the Origin of Species by means of Natural

Selection. London, 1859, 12mo. The Authoe.

Delile (A. E.) Flore d'Egypte. Planches. Paris, fol. Puechased.
Donne (A.) Cours de Microscopic. Paris, 1844, 8vo. Atlas.

Ih. 1845, fol. Eev. J. S. Henslow, M.A., F.L.S. &c.

Duby (J.E.) Memoire sur la famille des Primulacees. Geneve,

1844, 4to. The Authoe.

Note sur une espece de Dothidea {HypoxyUes), &c. 4to.

The Authoe.
Du Petit Thouars (A. A.) Eecueil de Eapports, &c., sur la culture

des Arbres Fruitiers. Paris, 1815, 8vo. Purchased.

Duraud (E.) Sketch of the Botany of the Basin of the great

Salt Lake of Utah. (Philadelphia, 1859) 4to.
Memoir of the late Thomas NuttaU. (From Proc. Amer.

Phil. Soc, vol. 7.) 8vo. The Authoe.

Edwards (H. M.) Observations sur les Ascidies composees des

cotes de la Manche. Paris, 1841, 4to. Puechased.
Cours eleraentaire d'Histoire Naturelle. Zoologie, l^""^

partie. lb. 1841, 12mo. Puechased.

ADDITIONS TO THE LTBEAET. xlvii

Titles. Donoes.

Ehrenberg (C. Gt.) Ed. Symbolae Physicse : s. Icones et Descrip-

tiones Animalium, quae, ex itinere per Africam Borealem et

Asiam Occidentalem, F. Gr. Hemprich et C. Gr. Ehrenberg

redierunt. Beroliui, fol. Mammalia, dec. 1 & 2, 1828-30 ;
Aves, decas 1, 1828 ; Insecta, dec. 1-5, 1829-45 ; Animalia
Evertehrata, sepositia Insectis, decas 1, 1828.

T. C. Janson, Esq., E.L.S.

Die Infusionsthiercben ; als Vollkommene Orgauismen.

Leipzig, 1838, fol. Puechased.

Eudlicher (S.) and Unger (F.) Grundziige der Botanik. Wien,

1843, 8vo. Puechased.

Ewer (S) Manuale ; sive Compendium Botanices. Londini,

1808, 8vo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Eorster (J. E..) Enchiridion Historise Natuxali inserviens. Ed.

alt. Londini, 1797, 8vo. Puechased.

Eunck (H. C.) Deutschlanda Moose. Baireuth, 1820, 8vo.

Puechased.
Gerstfeldt (G.) Ueber Land- luid Siiss-wasser-Mollusken Siberi-
ens und des Amur-gebietes. St. Petersburg, 1859, 4to.

H. Cuming, Esq., E.L.S.

Glaisher (J.) On the Meteorology of England and Scotland,

1853-59. London, 8vo. The Authoe.

On the meteorological and physical effects of the Solar

Eclipse of March 15, 1858. Ih. 1858, 8vo. The Authoe.

Gray (A.) Botanical Memoirs. (Mem. Amer. Acad. N. S., vol. 6.)

Boston, U. S., 1859, 4to. The Authoe.

Grisebach (A. H. E.) Genera et Species Gentianearum. Stutt-

gartise et Tubingae, 1839, 8vo. Puechased.

Flora of the West Indian Islands, parts 1 & 2. London,

1859, 8vo. The Publisuee, L. Eeeve, Esq., E.L.S.

Guillemin ( ), Perrottet ( ), et Eichard (A.) Florae Seue-
gambiae Tentamen, torn. 1, livr. 1-8. Parisiis, 1830-33, 4to.

Puechased.

Gussone (J.) Florae Siculae Synopsis. VoU. 2. Neapoli, 1842-

44, 8vo. Puechased.

Haller (Alb. v.) Elementa Physiologia) Corporis Humani, tomi 1-8.

Lausannae et Bernae, 1757-66, 4to. J.J.Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Hawkins (B. W.) Coiiij)arative View of the Human and Animal

Frame. London, 1860, fol. The Authoe.

Henderson (E. G.) Illustrated Bouquet, parts 6-8. London,

1859-60, fol. Messrs. Henderson and Son.

Xlviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT.

Titles. Donoes.

Hochstetter (F.) Lecture on the Geology of the Province of

Auckland, N. Z. (From N. Z. G-overnmeut Gazette.) 1859, fol.

Lecture on the Geology of the Province of Nelson, New

Zealand. (From the same.) 1859, fol.

The Colonial Seceetaet.
Hornea (Moritz) Die fossilen MoUusken des Tertiar-beckeus von
Wien, Band 2. Wien, 1859, 4to.

The Geological Institute, Vienna.

Hoeven (J. Van der) Onderzoek van den Potto van Bosman.

Amsterdam, 1859, 4to. The Author.

Hogg (J.) Account of a species of Phalangista recently killed in

the County of Durham, 8vo. The Authoe.

On the History of Iceland, and the Icelandic Language and

Literature. London, 1859, 8vo. The Authoe.
On Gebel Hauran. ... its Geography and Geology. Edin-
burgh, 1860, 8vo. The Authoe.
Hooker (J. D.) Flora of Tasmania, parts 7-11. London, 1858-
60, 4to. The Authoe and Publishee.
Hooker ("W. J.) Flora Boreali-Americana, parts 1-8. London,
1829-37, 4to. Purchased.

Species Filicum, vol. 8, parts 1 & 2. lb. 8vo.

The Publishee, W. Pamplin, A.L.S.

Report on Kew Gardens. Ih. 1860, 8vo.

FiEST Commissionee of Woeks.
Hooker (W. J.) and Arnott (G. A. W.) Botany of Capt. Beechey's
Voyage, part 7. Ih. 1839, 4to.

SiE W. J. Hookee, LL.D., F.R. & L.S.
Horsfield (T.) and Moore (F.) Catalogue of the Lepidopterous
Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East India
House, vol. 2. London, 1858-59, 8vo.

The Seceetaet oe State eoe India.
Howard (J.E.) and Fitch (W.) Illustrations of the Nueva Quino-
logia of Pavon, parts 2 & 3. London, 1859, fol.

The Authoe.
Imbert ( ) Le9ons de Botanique. Hollande, 1762, 12mo.

F. C. S. EoPEE, Esq., F.L.S.

Jouenals : —

Aunalcs des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-
nique ; tome 10, nos. 4-6 ; tome 11, et tome 12, nos. 1-3.
Paris, 1858-59, 8vo. Puecuased.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. xlix

Titles. Donors.

Journals {continued) -. —

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3rd Series, nos. 19-
30. London, 1859-60, 8vo.

W. Francis, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S.

ArcHv fiir Naturgeschichte, von A. P. A. Wiegmauu, W. F.

Ericlison, «fcc. Jahrg. 24, Heft 5 & 6 ; and Jahrg. 25, Heft

1-5. Berlin, 1858-59, 8vo. Purchased.

Atlantis : a Register of Literature and Science. Nos. 4 & 5.

London, 1859-60, 8vo. The Editors.

Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.R.S.

& L.S. 3rd Series, nos. 175-186. London, 1859-60, Svo.

Purchased.
Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art. New Series,
nos. 22-27. Toronto, 1859-60, 8vo.

The Canadian Institute ?

Flora : oder Botanische Zeitung. Jahrg. 17, Heft 2-5. Ee-

gensburg, 1884, 12mo. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette. Nos. 26-52 for

1859, and nos. 1-25 for 1860. The Horticultural part edited

by. Prof. Lindley. fol. Purchased.

Ibis : a Magazine of General Ornithology ; edited by P. L.

Sclater, Esq., M.A,, F.L.S., Sec. Z.S. Nos. 3-6. London,

1859-60, Svo. The Editor.

Journal de Conchyliologie ; par MM. Fischer et Bernard!.

2^ Serie, tome 3, et tome 4, no. 1. Paris, 1858-60, 8vo.

H. Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Journal of Entomology, descriptive and geographical. No. 1.

London, 1860, 8vo. The Publishers.

Linnsea : herausgegeben von D. F. L. von Schlechtendal, M.D.,

&c. Band 29, Heft 5 & 6 ; and Band 30, Heft 1-3. Halle,

1857-59, 8vo. The Editor.

Literary Gazette. New Series, nos. 53-105. London, 1859-

60, 4to. The Publisher.

Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief, onder Bedactie van W. H.

De Vriese, &c. Deel 4, stuk 4. Leyden, 1859, Svo.

The Editors ?
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th Series,
nos. 117-129. London, 1859-60, Svo.

W. Francis, Esq., Ph. D., F.L.S.
Phytologist. New Series, nos. 52-61. London, 1859-60, Svo.

The Publisher,
linn, proc, vol. v. d

1 additions to the ltdeat^t.

Titles. Donors.

Journals {continued) : —

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; edited by E.

Lankester, M.D., and G. Busk, Esq. Nos. 28-31. London,

1859-60, 8yo. The Microscopical Society.

Walpers. Annales Botanices systematicse : auctore Dr. Car.

Miiller. Tom. 5, fasc. 3 et 4. Lipsi^e, 1859, 8vo.

Purchased.
Kniglit (J.) and Salisbury (E.. A.) On the Cultivation, &c. of
the Natural Order of Proteeae (cum notis R. Brown). 1809,
4to. Purchased.

KoUiker (A.) Ueber das ausgebreitete Vorkommen von pflanz-
lichen Parasiten in den Hartgebilden niederer Thiere. 1859,
8vo. The Author.

Manual of Human Microscopic Anatomy. London, 1860,

Bvo. The Author.

Kotschy (T.) Die Eichen Europa's und des Orient's. Lief. 1-4.
Wien and Olmutz, 1858-59, fol. T. C. Janson, Esq., E.L.S.
Kunth (K. S.) Handbuch der Botauik. Berlin, 1831, 8vo.

Purchased.
Kunze (G.) Analecta Pteridographica. Lipsise, 1837, fol.*

Purchased.
Lankester (E.) Guide to the Enod Collection in the South Ken-
sington Museum. London, 1859, 8vo. The Author.
Leidy (J.) Extinct Vertebrata from the Judith B-iver. Philadel-
phia, 1859, 4to. The Author.
Linne (Car.) Proelectiones in Ordines Naturales Plantarum : ed.
P. D. Giseke. Hamburgi, 1792, 8vo.

J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Eerns ; British and Exotic.

Parts 95-118. London, 1859-60, 8vo. The Author.

Beautiful-leaved Plants. Parts 2-8. lb. 1859-60, 8vo.

The Author.

Lyonet (P.) Traite anatomique de la Chenille qui ronge le bois de

Saule. La Haye, 1762, 4to. Purchased.

M'Clelland (J.) Sketch of the Medical Topography, or Climate

and Soils, of Bengal and the N.W. Provinces. London, 1859,

12mo. The Author.

Manetti (J.) Catalogi Plantarum Horti prope Modiciam.

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[ Continued from vol. iv. page Ixxxviii.]

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JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,

Synopsis of the DisfomidcB. By T. SpEifCER Cobbold,
M.D., F.L.S.

[Eead June 16th, 1859.]

Preliminary Bemarks. — lu offering the present communication
to the Society, I design, if possible, to supply a deficiency in the
helminthological literature of this country, and by references to
facilitate the recognition of specific forms of Entozoa . With a view
also of rendering this contribution something more than a mere ca-
talogue, I shall allocate under their respective generic types such new
forms as may be legitimately regarded as distinct, as well as several
undescribed or hitherto imperfectly known species. At the same
time, it is my intention, so far as our very limited knowledge on
this head goes, to refer to their proper adult types some of the
numerous Cercarice, or larval indi\'idualities, usually classified as
independent organisms. "WTiile continental periodicals teem with
lengthened memoirs in this special and, in some respects, peculiar
department of Zoology, comparatively few and meagre are the
additions that have emanated from ourselves. To the Sydenham
Society and Dr. Lankester we are indebted for the issue of Dr.
Kiichenmeister's work on the " Parasites of the Human Body,"
its value being considerably enhanced by Prof. Huxley's trans-
lation of C. T. Von Siebold's Essay on the " Tape- and Cystic
Worms," appended to the second volume. In respect of original
contributions, I have great satisfaction in pointing to valuable
papers by Dr. Baird, Prof. Huxley, Dr. Nelson, Professors Busk,
Allen Thomson, Harley, Quekett, Gamgee, and a few others ;
whilst our more sustained compositions are represented by Dr,

LIXN. PHOC. — ZOOLOGY. 1

DE. T. S. COBBOLD S SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^.

Baird's admirable ' Catalogue of Entozoa contained in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum,' Dr. Bellingham's " Catalogue of
Irish Entozoa," in the 13th volume of the 'Annals of Natural
History,' and Prof. Owen's classic article " Entozoa," published
twenty years since in the 2nd volume of Dr. Todd's ' Cyclopaedia
of Anatomy and Physiology.'

PEIMAET DIVISION OE HELMINTHS.

r Subclassis I. C Ordo I. Cestoidea.
Classis. Sterelmintha.

Ordo II. Trematoda.

Entozoa

Ordo III. Acanthocephala.
Ordo IV. Nematoidea.

Subclassis II.
I Ccelehnintlia.

The members of the second order, or Trematoda, are divided by
Van Beneden into two natural groups : the digenetic section, or
those species which have a double mode of propagation, represented
by the DistomidcB proper ; and the mouogenetic section (aU being
oviparous except Gyrodactylus elegans), embracing the Tristomidae
and Polystomidce.

It is now proposed to revise only the first of these three
families, and in doing so to adhere to C. M. Diesing's authority,
except under circumstances where his arrangements may be reason-
ably modified, contra-indicated, or even superseded.

Fasciola, Linnaeus.
Campula, Cobbold.
Distoma, Zeder.
Bilharzia, Cobbold.
KolUTceria, Cobbold.
Crossodera, Dujardin.
Eehinostoma, Dujardin.
Gasterostoma, Von Siebold.
Wedlia, Cobbold.
<( Monostoma, Zeder.

Nematobothr mm, Y din Beneden.
Codonocephalus, Diesing.
Eustemma, Diesing.
Holostomuvi, Nitzsch.
Hemistoma, Diesing.
Diplostomum, Nordmann.
IRliopalopliorus, Diesing.
AmpMstoma, Zeder.
^AmpJiiptyelies, Grrube et Wagener.

DISTOMID^.

DB. T. S. COBBOLD S SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIBjE. 3

Ordo I. TKEMATODA.
Tribus I. Distomidje.
Grenus 1, Fasciola, Linn. (pars).
This genus, originally established by Linnaeus, has been for a
long time associated with otlier generic types by most authorities,
but, as Blanchard and myself have endeavoured to show, without
any sufficient cause. The presence of a branched intestinal canal
divided into numerous caBcal appendages is highly distinctive ; and
I am satisfied that the custom of rejecting the old title is not only
an injustice to its distinguished author, but is a change fraught
with no corresponding advantage.
1. Fasciola hepatica, Linn.

F. hepatica, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. xii. p. 1077; also by Pallas, Fabri-
cius, Miiller, Frolich, Schrank, Bosc, Blainville, Lamai-ck, Blanchard,
Cobbold, &c.
F. humana, Gmelin.

Distomum and Distoma hepaticum, of Abildgaard, Zeder, Meblis, Ru-
dolphi, Bremser, Bojanus, Delle Chiaje, Dujaidin,Creplin, Bellingham,
Siebold, Owen, Diesing, Baird, Kiichenmeister, and others.
Planaria latiuscula, Goeze.

Hab. Though most frequent in ordinary grazing cattle, it has been
noticed in the Horse and Ass by Daubenton, in Capra Hircus by
Diesing, and in C. Ammon by Bremser, in Bos Urus by Miram, in
Cervus Capreolus by Pluskal, in C. Elephas, C. Dama, and Antilope
Dorcas by others, in Camelus bactrianus by Bremser, in Castor Fiber
by Czermack, in Sciurus vulgaris by Tozetti, in Leptis timidus and
Li. Cuniculus by myself and others, in Macropus giganteus by Bremser
and Diesing.

Pallas, Bauhinus, and Bidloo have recorded the occurrence of
this parasite in man ; and doubtful instances are also given by
Meblis and Duval. More recently, Prof. Partridge detected it in
the human gall-bladder, particulars of the case being given in the
second edition of Dr. Budd's work on " Diseases of the Liver."
Giesker of Zurich describes an undoubted example, where an im-
mature form occupied the cavity of an abscess in the sole of a
woman's foot ; and a similar case has occurred in the practice of
Mr. Fox of Topsham, Devon, the abscess containing a living
worm, and fragments of a second being situated aboiit three inches
behind the ear. Mr. Harris of Liverpool has Kkemse commu-
nicated a case where six or seven flukes are said to have escaped
from an abscess connected with the scalp of a child. These several
Distomes, occurring in England, have been preserved, and their

3*

4 DK. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID*.

identity with FascioJa hepatica clearly established on the author-
ity more particularly of I'rofessors Busk and Owen and of Mr.
Clapp of Exeter. Full particulars ai'e given in an Appendix to
the 1st volume of the Sydenham Society's edition of Kiichen-
meister's treatise. Up to the present hour the history of the de-
velopment of this species is unknown. The recent investigations
of Pagenstecher, Filippi, A¥agener, and others, though they have
done much in regard to other species, do not at present enable us
to satisfy the inquiries of agriculturists and cattle-breeders, who
are so well acquainted with the ravages of this parasite.

2. Fasciola gigantea (Cobbold). — Corpus planum oblongum, lan-

ceolatum, antrorsum attenuatum, retrorsiim obtusvim. Cotlum elon-

gatum cylindricum. Os tenninale, anticura. Acetabulum ore majus,

superum ad colli basin. Longit. 1-3 unc. ; latit. ^-^ unc.

F. gigantica, Cobbold, British Assoc. Rep., Edin. Phil. Journ. for

1856, with coloured figures and anatomical details.
Distomum giganteum, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 28.
Hab. I discovered forty individuals in the liver of a young Nubian
Giraffe {Camelopardalis Giraffa) which had been exhibited in a travel-
ling menagerie in this country for about five months. There also
existed in the liver a number of Cysticerci ; as well as three larval
Distoraes in cysts connected with the sublingual cellular aponeurosis.

Genus 2. Campula*, Cobb.

Corpus compressum, elongatum, armatum. Colluin nullum. Os termi-

nale. Acetabulum vMwm,yenixa\e, sessile. Trac^ws intestinalis bifur-

catus, regulse non conseutaneus vel campulatus {kxhttvXos).

I have established the existence of this generic type, which

clearly affords additional proof of the accurate views of those ento-

zoologists who, with Blanchard and others, are willing to retain the

Fascioles as distinct from the Distomes. This genus forms a

well-marked intermediate type.

1. Campula oblonga (Cobbold). — Corpus compressum, ellipticum,
retrorsum, obtusum. Collum nullum. Os terminale, ovale. Aceta-
bulum subcentrale, superum. Apertura genitalium supra et pone
acetabulum. Longit. yV~4 u"c. ; latit. aV^i's imc-
C. oblonga, Cobbold, Linn. Soc. Trans, vol. xxii. part iii. p. 168,

figs. 84 & 85, tab. 33.
Hab. I procured about fifty specimens from the liver of a common
porpoise {Delphinus Fhocana) in April 1855. They occupied the
peripheral extremities of tlie biliary ducts, which were remarkably
thickened and knotted. Seventeen individuals were associated together
at one spot. From the same Cetacean I removed numerous Nema-
ludcs and Cestodes, which are described in the memoir above indicated.
* From KaftTTvXi] -;js, a crooked stick.

DR. T. S. COBBOLD'S SYNOPSIS OV THE DISTOMID.'E. O

Genus 3. Distoma, Zeder.
This genus, even in its reduced limits, embraces a very large pro-
portion of the digenetic Trematodes ; and its members are charac-
terized chiefly by their varied form and size. The presence or
absence, either in whole or in part, of dermal spines, forms in some
instances a distinguishing feature ; but this character has not been
recorded with sufficient accuracy. Much uncertainty exists in
regard to certain of the species, which are probably larval forms,
and also in respect of others that have not been figured or have
only been imperfectly represented. The presence and condition
of the reproductive organs are the best criteria of the adult state.

A. In corpore mammalium.

1. Distoma lanceolatu.ai, Mehlis.

Distoma lanceolatum, 3Iehlis, Observ. de Dist. hep. et lanceolat., 1825,
with figs. ; also Guilt, Valentin, Dnjardin, Blauchard, Diesing, Baiid,
Kiichenmeister, Leid}-, Moulinie, Dubiiii, and others.

D. hepaticum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, Olfers, Bojanus, Creplin,
Gurlt, Owen (Art. Entoz.)

Fasciola liepatica, Bloch, Jordens, Bosc.

F. lanceolata, Rudolphi.

Planaria latiuscula, Goeze.

Hab. Usuall)^ occupies the gall-bladder and biliary ducts of the liver,
and sometimes, accidentally, the intestine of domesticated ruminants.
It has been found or noticed in Cervus Elephas hy Rudolphi, in C.
Dama by Schaeffer, in Lepus Cuniculus by Bremser, in L. timidus by
Zeder, by Goeze in the Stag. Bucholz records an instance of its pre-
sence in the human subject; and another case (about which, however,
there is some doubt) is noticed by Chabert and Mehlis.

The last-named authority was the first to draw attention to the non-
identity of this and the common fluke, and, but for the circumstance
of these animals being so frequently found in the same host, the spe-
cific difterences could not have been so long overlooked.

2. Distoma crassum (Cobbold). — Corpus planum, oblongum, utrin-
que obtusatum, inarmatum. Os termiuale, orbiculare. Acetuhulum
ore majus, superum ad colli basin, apertura circular!. Longit. 3-.'ti
line. ; latit. |-f unc.

D. Buskii, Lankester (non ilescrlptum) ; in A[)pendix B to his transla-
tion of the 2nd edit, of Kiiclienmeistcr's ' Parasiten,' p. 437-

Hab. At the suggestion of the original discoverer, I have applied the
above title to this interesting species. Fourteen si)eciincns of this
worm were found by Professor Busk in the duodenum of a Lascar in
1843, and it is worthy of remnrk that there were no e.xamjiles either
in the gall-bladder or biliiiry ducts. Although undescribed hitherto,

DE. T. S. COBBOLd's STKOPSIS 01!" THE DISTOMIDiE.

publicity was early given to its existence by Dr. Budd in the second
edition of his well-known treatise on " Diseases of the Liver." My
attention having been directed to this worm by Professor Busk
during the delivery of his lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons in
the summer of 1857, I have given the above description for the most
part in accordance with the specimen then and there exhibited. Von
Siebold has applied the term crassum to a trematode infesting Hirundo
urbica, but the species has, I believe, never yet been described.

3. DiSTOMA HETEROPHYES (Sicbold). — CorpMS ovato-oblougum, sub-
tus planum, supra leviter convexum. Collum continuum. Os sub-
apicale terminale. Acetabulum ore majus, ventrale paululum ante
medium situm, globosum. Porus genitalis post acetabulum ven-
trale situs. Longit. ^ts^yo unc. ; latit. y^ unc.

Distomum heterophyes, Bilharz and Siebold, Zeitsch. fiir Wissenschaft.
Zool. vol. iv. 1852, p. 62 and p. 455 ; also by Kuchenmeister with
details and figs. ; Diesing, Revis. p. 28.

Hab. Dr. Bilharz of Cairo, in April 1851, discovered this minute tre-
matode in the small intestine of a boy, and again on a second occa-
sion under similar circumstances, when he collected several hundred
specimens. The part infested displayed a multitude of reddish points,
due to the presence of dark-coloured ova in the interior of the worms.

4. DiSTOMA OPTHALMOBIUM, Dicsiug.

D. ocuU liumani, Gescheidt.

D. ophthalmobium, Diesing, Kuchenmeister, i. p. 222.

Hab. Gescheidt found four individuals in the eye of a child five months
old, born with lenticular cataract. They were situated between the
lens and its capsule, and could be recognized as so many dark spots on
the surface of the lens. These are the only specimens that have ever
been seen.

5. DiSTOMA LANCEA, Dicsing.

D. lancea, Diesing, Syst. Helm. i. p. 334 ; et in Denkschrift. der k.

Akad. der Wissensch. x. p. 64, cum figs.
Hab. Natterer found numerous examples of this elegant worm in the

biliary ducts of a male Delphinus Tachuschi in December 1833, at

Barra do Rio Negro in Brazil.

6. DiSTOMA RUBENS, Dujardiu.

D. rubens, Dujardin, Hist. Nat. des Hehninthes, p. 411 ; Diesing.

D. exasperatuml Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestine oi Sorex fodiens (Daube7itoni)
in October, and in Sorex tetragonurus in April. If Rudolphi's fluke
be identical, as is probable, Bremser originally discovered this species
in the Square-tailed Shrew.

7. DiSTOMA TENUICOLLE, Rudolphi.

D- tenuicolle, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^. 7

Hab. In April 1788, Treutler found numerous examples in the liver of
Phoca barbata.

8. DiSTOMA ORBicuLARE, Diesing.

D. orbiculare, Diesing, i. p, 349; et in Denkschrift. der k. Akad, d>

Wien. fiir 1855, p. 64, cum figs.
Hab. Natterer discovered this species in the small intestine of a Brazilian

monkey {Cebus trivirgatus), on one occasion at Eugenho do Cap

Gama in October, and on another at Matogrosso, early in the month

of Jime .

9. DiSTOMA CHiLOSTOMUM, Mehlis.
D. chilostomum, Mehlis, Diesing.

D. noctulce, Rudolphi.

Hab. Recorded as found in the intestines of Vespertilio noctula by
Bremser ; in V. auritus by Siebold ; in V. Nattereri, murinus, Dau-
bentoni, mystacinus, serotinus, Leisleri, and discolor, by Mehhs.

10. DiSTOMA Lima, Rudolphi.

D. Lima, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Mehlis, Diesing.

D. Vespertilionis, Zeder.

Fasciola picta, Rudolphi.

Planaria Vespertilionis, Goeze.

Hab. Has been found at all seasons in the intestines of Vespertilio
auritus, by Miiller, Goeze, Weigel, and Bremser ; in V. murinus, by
Bremser and Rudolphi. It has been also obtained from V. discolor,
V. noctula, and V. Pipistrellus ; from Rhinolophus Ferrum-equinum by
Bremser ; in Molossus nasutus and M. rufus, in Brazil in the month
of November by Natterer.

U. DiSTOMA FLEXUOSUM, Rudolphi.

D. flexuosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found in the intestines and abdominal cavity of Talpa europcea.
Out of seventy-four Moles dissected by Dujardin, only nine vrere in-
fested. It has also been obtained by Hildenbrand and others.

12. DiSTOMA PUSiLLUM, Zcdcr.

D. pusillum, Zeder, Dujardin, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Fasciola pusilla, Rudolphi.

Planaria pusilla, Braun.

Hab. Infests the common Hedgehog {Erinaceus europaus). Braun
found it under the skin in Maj', Creplin in the subcutaneous cellular
tissue in July, and Dujardin in the mesentery in March. It is usually
encysted.

13. DiSTOMA RUDE, Dicsing.
D. rude, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Natterer at Matagrosso, Brazil, in September, in
a female otter ( Lutra brasiliensis). There were fourteen individuals
arranged in pairs and occupying seven cysts, the latter being enclosed
in a fibro-osseous substance.

DK. T. S. COBBOLD S STKOPSIS OF THE DISTOillDiE.

14. DiSTOMA ACUTUM, Lcuckart.

D. acutum, Leuckart, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Infests the frontal sinuses and cellular cavities of the ethmoid
bone in Mustela Putorius. Found during the month of November.

15. DiSTOMA Saccus, Molin.

D. Saccus, Molin, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 37.
Hab. Found by Molin in Batavia in the stomach of Mustela plebeius,
in the month of November.

16. DiSTOMA LACiNiATUM, Dujardin.
D. lacmiatum, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola Maimonis, De Blainville.

Hab. Brongniart detected this curious form in the pancreas of a man-
dril {Simla Maimon) which died at Paris.

17. DiSTOMA TRUNCATUM, Leuckart.

D. truncatum, Leuckart, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab, Two examples were found by Leuckart in the kidney of Dau-
benton's Shrew {Sorexfodiens).

18. DiSTOMA INSTABILE, Dujardin.
D. instabile, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. This species, which likewise infests the intestinal canal of Sorex
fodiens, was found by Dujardin in the month of October.

19. DiSTOMA HETEROFORUM, Dujardiu.
D. heteroporum, Dujardin, Diesiug.

Hab. Found by Dujardin very abundant in the intestines of Vespertilio
Pipistrellus.

20. DiSTOMA Blanchardii, Cobbold.
I). lingucEforme, Diesing.
Brachylcemus Erinacei, Blanchard.

Hab. Discovered by Blanchard at Paris, in the intestines of the com-
mon hedgehog {Erinaceus europcEus).

21. DiSTOMA CONJUNCTUM (Cobbold). — Corpus planum, oblongum,
antrorsum sensim angustatum utrinque obtusuni. Collum continuum.
Acetabulum, ore paulo majus, ad colli basin. Aperturee genitales
supra et pone acet. Longit. i unc. ; crass. -^^ unc.

D. conjunctum (nov. spec), Cobbold (MS.).

Hab. I found numerous examples of this fluke in the biliary ducts of
an American Red Fox {Cunis fulvus) which died in the Zoological
Society's Gardens, Regent's Park. Two of the worms were in copu-
lation.

22. DiSTOMA Goliath, Van Beneden.

D. Goliath, Van Beneden, Diesing, Revis. p. 32.

Hab. Discovered by Eschricht in the liver of the Balcenoptera roslraia,

23. DiSTOMA Elei'Hantis, Jackson.

DK. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS 01" THE DISTOMID^. 9

D. Elephantis, Jackson (non descripturn), Diesing, Revis. p. 50 (species
inquirenda.)

Hab. Recorded by Jackson as occurring in the biliary ducts and in the
intestine of Elephas indicus.

24. DisTOMA PuTORii, MoUn.

D. Putorii, Moliu (non descriptum), Diesing, Revis. p. 50 (species

inquirendse).
Hab. Found by Molin in cysts attached to the jugular veins within the

thoracic cavity of Musiela Putorius.

25. DiSTOMA SoRicis, Pontallie.

D. Soricis, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelrainth. p. 50 (species inquirend>e).
Hab. Found by Pontallie' in the gall-bladder of Sorex araneus.

26. DisTOMA RECURVUM, Dujardiu.
D. recurvum, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestines of Mas sylvulicus.

27. DiSTOMA MIGRANS, Dujardin.
D. migrans, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestines of Sorex araneus and S.
leucodon.

B. In corpore avium.

1. DiSTOMA ovATUM, Rudolphi.

D. ovatum, Rudolphi, Mehlis, Hugi, Tschudi, Creplin, Siebold, Dujardin,
Wedl, Diesing, Revis. p. 29.

Hab. This species has been observed outside the intestine of the
domestic goose {Anas Anser) by Miiller, and in the Bursa of Fabricius
in the following species : — in A. clypeata by Rudolphi ; in ^. clangula,
A. ferina, A. glacialis, A.marila, and A. musica, by Creplin; in
Fulica atra by Wedl and others ; in Corvus Pica by Rudolphi ; in
C. frugilegus by Meyer ; in C. Comix ; in Falco subbuteo ; in F.
nisus; m F. Buteo ; in Strix brachyotus; in Scolopax Gallinago by
Wedl, and in S. rusticola and Podiceps subcristatus by Mehlis ; in
Tardus viscivorus ; in GalUiiula chloropus and G. Porcana by Sie-
bold ; in Otis tarda by Otto ; in Ardea Griis by Wedl ; in Lanius
minor ; in Fringilla ccelebs ; in F. montana by Creplin ; in Numenius
arcuatus ; in Vanellus cristatus ; in Larus canus and Uria Grylle by
Creplin : it has likewise been recorded by Otto in the oviduct of Pha-
sianus Gullus, and in the egg itself by Hanow, Purkinje, Eschscholtz,
and Schilling.

2. DiSTOMA CUNEATUM, Rudolphi.

D. cuneatum, Rudolphi, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Rudolphi in the intestinal canal of Otis tarda.

It has been subsequently seen by Gurlt in the oviduct of Pa(^o

cristatus.

10 DB T. S. COBBOLD's STKOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^.

3. DiSTOMA MARGINATUM, Molin.

D. marginatum, Molin, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 29.
Hab. Found by Molin in the intestines of Anas crecca in the month
of November.

4. DiSTOMA HiANS, Rudolphi.

D. Mans, Rudolphi, Nathusius, Gurlt, Dujardin, Wagener, Diesing,

Revis. p. 29.
Hab. Found in the oesophagus of Ciconia nigra by Rudolphi, and also

by Nathusius, Dujardin, and Diesing ; in C. alba, by Gurlt.

5. DiSTOMA COMPLANATUM, Rudolphi.

D. complanatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rosenthal in the oesophagus of Ardea cinerea in the
month of April.

6. DiSTOMA Leidyi, Cobbold.

Distomum dubium, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 32.
Clinostomum dubium, Leidy.

Hab. Discovered by Leidy in the intestines of Scoloj)ax minor, at Phi-
ladelphia, U.S.

7. DiSTOMA PONTALLIEI, Cobbold.

D. du Blongios, Pontallie.

D. cladocalium, Diesing, Revis. p. 50 (spec, inquirend.).
Hab. Found by Pontallie in the gall-bladder and biliary ducts of
Ardea minuta.

8. DiSTOMA cucuMERiNUM, Rudolphi.
D. cucumerinum, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Hab. Stated by Rudolphi, on the authority of Rousseau, to infest the
trachea of several sea-birds.

9. DiSTOMA DELICATULUM, Rudolphi.

D. delicatulum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Braun very abundant in the gall-bladder of Anas
sponsa.

10. DiSTOMA HETEROSTOMUM, Rudolplli.

D. heterostomum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing, i. p. 353.
Hab. Found in the oesophagus of Ardea purpurea by Jiu-ine, and in the
mouth of the same bird by Rosa.

11. DiSTOMA DIMORPHUM, Diesing.

D. dimorphum, Diesing, Syst. i. p. 353, et in Neunzehn Arten von Trem.
p. 65, et in Rev. der Myzelminth. p. 34.

D. marginatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

Hab. This remarkable species was first discovered by Olfers in Brazil,
adhering to the sides of the tongue oi Ardea Cocoi. There are, how-
ever, two well-marked forms, the D. marginaftim being the same trema-

DE. T. S. COBBOLD's ST>'0PSTS OF THE DISTOMIB^. 11

tode. The last-named is shorter, also broader, and oval ; it exists
abundantly in different parts of the bodies of several Brazilian fresh-
water fishes, and assumes its adult specific characters only when trans-
ferred into the alimentary canal of marsh-frequenting birds. Thus
Natterer found the younger form in such fishes as Carapus brachyurus,
Hydrolinus scomber oides, Geophagus Pappaterra, Chcetobranchus
flavescens, Crenicichla Johanna, and C. lepidota ; and in the following
birds, Ardea Cocoi, Ciconia americana, and C. mycteria.

12. DisTOMA Globulus, Rudolphi.

D. Globulus, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis.

p. 37.
Hab. This species has been found in Anas fuUyula by Rudolphi ; also

in the intestines of ^. ///acta^js, A. acuta, and Mergus merganser ; iu

Alca torda, by Creplin.

13. DisTOMA LuciPETUM, Rudolphi.

X). lucipetum, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Diesing.
Hab. Found by Bremser beneath the nictitating membrane of the eye
of Larus glaucus and L.fuscus, in April and May.

14. DiSTOMA HOLOSTOMUM, Rudolphi.

D. holostomum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Ralli, Rudolphi.

Hab. Recorded by Bremser in the intestines of Rallus aquaticus, and
found by Siebold in the Spotted Crake {Crex pozana).

15. DiSTOMA FUSCATUM, Rudolphi.
D.fuscatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Rudolphi in the intestine of Tetrao Coturnix.

16. DiSTOMA coNCAVUM, Creplin.

D. concavum, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing, i. p. 340.

Hab. Found by Creplin and Schilling in the caecum and rectum of
Colymbus rufogularis, in November ; in Podiceps cristatus byMehlis ;
in the caeca and small intestine of Anas Hornschuchii, in May, and
in A. clangula, by Creplin; in A. glacialis, A. marila, A. fusca, by
Schilling ; in Mergus serrator and M. merganser by Mehlis ; in the
intestines of Alca torda by Creplin.

17. DiSTOMA Lingua, Creplin.
D. Lingua, Creplin, Diesing.

Hab. Infests Larus maximus and L. marinus, according to Creplin, in
November ; also found by Mehlis in L. argenteus.

18. DiSTOMA MACROURUM, Rudolphi.
D. macrourum, Rudolphi, Creplin, Diesing.
D. longicauda, Rudolphi.

D. attenuatum, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Jurine and Bremser iu Corvus Comix; by Mehlis in

12 BR. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMTDJE.

Anthus arbor eus ; by Dujaidin in the liver and gall-bladder of Turdus
Merula.

19. DisTOMA OXYURUM, Creplin.

D. oxyurum, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hah. Found by Creplin in Anas marila and A. Tadorna; in the intes-
tines of A. clangula, by Mehlis ; in A.fuligula, A. glacialis, and A.
nigra, by Schilling.

20. DiSTOMA OXYCEPHALUM, Rudolphi.

D. oxycephalum, Rudolphi, Creplin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 31.

Z). inerme, Nitzsch.

Fasciola appendiculata, Froelich.

Hab. Found by Froelich and Nitzsch in the intestines of Anas Boschas ;

in A. querquedula by Bremser; in A. Tadorna by Creplin; in A.

Anser, A.ferina, A. albifrons and Mergus Merganser, by Mehlis.

21. DisTOMA LiNEOLA, Dicsing.
D. Falconis rufi, Rudolphi.

jD. Lineola, Diesing.

Hab. Stated to infest the intestines of Falco rufus, but probably only
accidentally transferred thither, as Diesing suggests.

22. DiSTOMA GRANDE, Rudolphi.

D. grande, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hah. Natterer found this in the intestines of Platalea Ajaja at Brazil,
in the months of April, August, and November.

23. DiSTOMA DEFLECTENS, Rudolplli.

D. deflectens, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Discovered by Natterer in the intestines of Thryothorus hypoxanlhus, at
Brazil.

24. DiSTOMA ALBicoLLE, Rudolphi.

D. albicoUe, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin^ Diesing.
Hab. Recorded by Bremser as infesting the liver and gall-bladder of
Falco pennatus.

25. DiSTOMA ELEGANS, Rudolphi.

D. elegans, Rudolphi, Mehlis, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing,

Hab. Infests the intestines, and has been found abundant in Fringilla

domestica by Rudolphi, Creplin, and others ; also by Bremser in F.

Linaria.

26. DiSTOMA NANUM, Rudolphi.

D. nanum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola nana, Rudolphi.

Hah. Rudolphi discovered two specimens in the intestine of Scolopux
Gallintda, in the month of July.

27. DiSTOMA CIRRATUM, Rvulolplli.

D. cirratum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

DR. T. S. COBBOLB's STKOPSTS OF THE DISTOMID^. 13

Fasciola cirrata, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi iu the large intestine of Corvus Monedula
and C. Pica.

2S DiSTOMA MACULOSUM, Rudolphi.

D. maculosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Mouliuie, Diesing, Revis. p. 33.
D. Htj-undmum, Zeder.
Fasciola Hirundinis, Froelich.
F. maculosa, Rudolphi.
In statu larvje.

Cercaria (Aeanthocephala) Virgula, Diesing, Revision der Cercarieen,
p. 24.

C. (Eucercaria) Virgula, Diesing.
C Virgula, Filijjpi, Moulinie.

Hah. Found by Froelich in the intestines of Cypselus Apus ; in Hirundo
urbica by Zeder in August ; in H. rustica by Rudolphi in May, and
also by him in Caprimulgus europaus in September, and in the same
bird also by Diesing in May ; in Hirundo riparia by Bremser.

The larvae have been described by Filippi, and have been found by him
in the viscera of Valvata piscinalis and Paludina impura, also in the
abdominal cavity of Perlidce, and the larvae of various other aquatic
insects. According to the observations of Filippi, the embryonal
condition is that of the infusorial animalcule familiarly known as
Bursaria.

29. DiSTOMA GLOBOCAUDATUM, Creplin.

D. glohocaudatum, Cre])lin, Dujardin, Diesing, Revis. p. 33.

Hab. Creplin has found this species in the intestines of Corvus Cornice
and C. ylundarius.

30. DiSTOMA TRIANGULARE, Dicsiug.

D. triangulare, Diesing.

D. Merojns, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Merops Apiastfr.

31. DiSTOMA iNVOLUTUM, Rudolphi.
D. involutum, Rudolphi, Diesing.
D.fusiforme, Zeder.

Fasciola UpupcB, Schrank.

Hab. Found by Zeder and Schrank in the intestinal canal of Upupa
epops.

32. DiSTOMA MicRococcuM, Rudolphi.

D. micrococcum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, and also by Bremser, in the intestines of
Glareola austriaca.

33. DiSTOMA COCHLKARIFORMK, Rudolphi.

D. cochleariforme, Rn(loli)lii, Dujardin, Diesing.

14 DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^.

Hah. Discovered b)' Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Pelicanus
Aquila.

34. DiSTOMA DiEsiNGii, Cobbold.
D. Cochlear, Diesing.

D. cochleariforme Sternas, Rudolphi.

Hah. Discovered by Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Sterna can-
tica and S. minuta.

35. DiSTOMA MACROSTOMUM, Rndolphi.

D. raacrostomum, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. erraticum, Rudolphi.

D. ringens, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

D. Philomelce, Rudolphi.

Fasciola macrostoma, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Bremser and others in the intestine of Philomela ni'

soria and P . fiuviatilis, in Parus cceruleus, P. major, P. palustris, P.

pendulinus, and in Picus tridactylus ; by Rudolphi in Motacilla Jlava,

M. alba, Sylvia cinerea, and S. Luscinia.

36. DiSTOMA MESOSTOMUM, Rudolphi.
D. mesostomum, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Hab. Rudolphi discovered this species in Turdus iliacus at Griefswald,
and it has also been obtained iromPyrrhula vulgaris, Fringilla Chloris,
and F. Coccothraustes.

37. DiSTOMA CAUDALE, Rudolphi.

D. caudale, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Caryocatactis, Zeder.

Hab. Diesing first noticed this in Corvus Caryocatactis. It has since
been observed in the rectum of C. glandarius and C. Pyrrhoeorax.

38. DiSTOMA ^auALE, Dujardin.
D. cequq^e, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Dujardin discovered many examples in the intestine of Strix
flammea in March. I have also found it in the American Barn Owl
{Strix perlata).

39. DiSTOMA BREvicoLLE, Crcplin.

D. brevicolle, Crejilin, Dujardin, Diesing, i. p. 3fi3.
Hab. Creplin found six individuals in the large intestine of Hamatopus
ostralegus in September.

40. DiSTOMA MiNUTUM, Cobbold.

X). minuta, Cobbold. Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. pt. 4, p. 364, tab. 63,

figs. 4 & 5.
Hab. Found by me very abundant in the intestinal mucus of a specimen

of Hcematopus ostralegus, which died in the Zoological Society's

Gardens, Regent's Park.

DE. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDiE. 15

41. DiSTOMA Arknula, Creplin.

D. Arenula, Creplin, Uujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Infests abundantly the intestinal canal of Fulica atra. According
to Creplin, it is invisible to the naked eye.

42. DiSTOMA FiLUM, Dujardin.
X). Filum, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Eight examples were discovered by Dujardin in the intestines of
Fringilla domestica.

43. DiSTOMA ARCUATUM, Dujardin.
D. arcuattim, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Dujardin in Corvus glandarius, who found it present
in six instances out of nineteen dissections.

44. DiSTOMA CoLLURiONis, Zeder.

D. Collurionis, Zeder, Rvidolphi, Diesing.

Hab. This doubtful form is stated by Schrank to infest the intestines of

Lanius CoUurio.

45. DiSTOMA CLATHRATUM, Dcslougchamps.
D. clathratum, Deslongchamps, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Deslongchamps in the gall-bladder of Cypselus Apus in
the month of May.

46. DiSTOMA COMMUTATUM, Dicsing.

D. commutatum, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 35.
D. dimorphum, Wagener.

Hab. Discovered by Wagener in the intestinal caeca of Phasianus Gallus
in March.

47. DiSTOMA XANTHOSOMUM, Wagener.

X). xanthosomum, Creplin? Wagener, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth.

p. 51 (non descriptum).
Hab. Removed by Wagener from the gall-bladder of Podiceps minor.

48. DiSTOMA cRASSiuscuLUM, Rudolphi.

D. crassiusculum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Wedl, Diesing, Revis.
p. 49.

D.felleum Falconi Chrysaete, Viborg.

D. bills, Zeder.

Faseiola bills, Gmelin.

Planaria bills, Braun.

Hab. Found by Abildgaard and Braun in Falco chrysaetos ; by Creplin
in F. alblcilla ; by Wedl in F. Buteo. The extremely minute papillae
or teeth described by Wedl all round the oral orifice are not homo-
logous with the papillary eminences attached to the oral sucker in the
genus Crossodera.

C. In corpore reptilium.

1. DiSTOMA CYGNOIDES, Zcdcr.

D. cygnoides, Zeder, Rudolphi, Siebold, Miescher, Valentin, Dujardin,

16 DR. T. S. COBBOLd's STNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID.E.

Leidy, Moulinie, Cobbold, Pagenstecher, Wagener, Diesing, Revis.

der Myzelmintli. p. 30.
D. Hylce, Rudolphi.

In statu larvae.
C {Xiphidlocercaria) macrocerca, Filippi, Diesing, Revis. der Cerearien,

p. 19.

C. {Acanthocephala) macrocerca, Filippi, Diesing, Revis. der Myzel-
minth. p. 30.

Hab. This fluke is abundant in Frogs. Its development has recently
been investigated with great success by Wagener and Pagenstecher.
The adult form was originally discovered in Rana esculenta by Losche,
Zeder, Rudolphi, and Pagenstecher. It has also been found in R.
temporaria by Mehlis, myself, and others ; in Bombinator igneus by
Gade ; in Dendrohyas viridis ; also in America, by Leidy, in Rana
pipiens, R. palustris, R. halecina, Salamandra maculata, S. [Amblyo-
stoma) rubra and S. salmonea, in the urinary bladder.

In the above indicated larval state it has been found by Filippi attached
to the branchiae of Cyclas cornea, and by Wagener attached to various
other species of Cyclas and Pisidium, in the months of July, August,
and September. Pagenstecher, however, believes that the true larva of
this Distoma is the Cercaria duplicata of Moulinie, or, in other words,
the Rhopalocerca tardigrada of Diesing.

2. Distoma clavigrrum, Rudolphi.

D. clavigerum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham,Cobbold, Pagenstecher,
Van Beneden, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 34.

Fasciola Ranee, Froelich.

In statu larvae.
Cercaria {Acanthocephala) ornata, Diesing, Revis. der Cere. p. 19.
Cere, ornata. La Valette, Pagenstecher.

C. armata. Van Beneden (ex parte).

Hab. This species is likewise abundant in frogs, and has been found by
Froelich, Bremser, and Dujardin, in Ra7ia [Pelophylax) esculenta,
Dendrohyas viridis, and in Phryne vulgaris ; in the intestines of Bufo
viridis by Olfers ; in Rana temporaria by Bellingham, Pagenstecher,
myself, and others.

The larvae have been found by La Valette and Van Beneden in Planor-
bis corneus ; by Pagenstecher in Hydrachna concharum, and by Van
Beneden iu Lymneus stagnalis.

3. Distoma crystallinum, Rudolphi.

D. crystallinum., Rudolphi, Dujardin, Pagenstecher, Diesing, Revis. p. 34.
Hab. Rudolphi discovered this in a cyst attached to the heart of Pelias

Berus. It has been indicated also in Rana temporaria, R. esculenta,
Bufo viridis, and Bombinator igneus by Gade, Pagenstecher, and others.
It is usuallv encysted.

DR. T. S. COBBOLd's STNOPSTS DF THE DISTOMIBjE. 17

4. DisTOMA CYLiNDRACEUM, Zeder.

D. cylindraceum. Zeder, Rudolphi, Meyer, Erdl, Siebold, Dujardin,
Cobbold, Pagenstecher, Diesing, Revis. p. 4/.

BracJtylcemus cylindraceus, Blanchard.

Fasciola subclavata, Pallas.

Planaria cylindrica, Goeze.

Hab. Also very abundant in frogs. Originally noticed by Braun and
Zeder in Rana esculenta ; by Rudolphi, Dujardin, myself, and others
in R. temporaria ; in Dendrokyas viridis by Bremser ; in R. oxyrrhinus
by Siebold, and R. platyrrh'miis by Siebold and Pagenstecher. It
usually infests the lungs.

5. DiSTOMA VARIEGATUM, Rudolphi.

D. variegatum, Rudolphi, Creplin, Mehlis, Dujardin, Pagenstecher, Wa-
gener, Meissner, Cobbold, Leidy, Diesiug, Revis. p. 35,

Brachylcemus vuriegatiis, Blanchard.

Hab. This is somewhat less abundant in Batrachians than the fore-
going. Rudolphi, Creplin, Diesing, Pagenstecher, and others have
noticed it in Rana esculenta. Leidy has found it in R. pipiens.

6. DisTOMA ENDOLOBUM, Dujardiu.

D. endolobum, Dujardin, Pagenstecher, Diesing, Revis. p. 45.

In statu larvae.

Cercaria {Xiphidiocercuria) armata, Siebold.

C. armata, Victor Carus, La Valette, Pagenstecher, Van Beneden (ex
pai-te), Diesing, Revis. der Cercarien, p. 15.

Hab. Originally discovered by Dujardin in Rana esculenta and Salaman-
dra maculosa. Since found in the intestines of Rana temporaria by
Pagenstecher.

The larvae have been found free in fresh water by Wagener ; in sporo-
cysts and also free in Planorbis corneus by Siebold and Steenstrup ;
in LymncEus stagnalis by Pagenstecher, Siebold, Steenstrup, and La
Valette ; by the last-named observer, also in Paludina impura. Van
Beneden, however, appears to consider his two kinds of Cercaria ar-
mata as producing D. clavigerum and B. retusum !

7. DiSTOMA TETRACYSTis, Gastaldi.

C. tetrucystis, Biagio Gastaldi, Fihppi, Diesing, Revis. der Myzehninth.
p. 44.

In statu larvae.

Cercaria {Xiphidocerc.) microcotyla, Filippi.

C. (Acanthocephala) microcotyla, Filippi, Moidinie, Wagener, Diesing,
Revis. der Cercarien, p. 17-

Cere, pugnax. La Valette, Pagenstecher.

Hab. Discovered by Gastaldi among the muscles of Runa esculenta, en-
closed in small cysts, in the month of August. At present known only
in an imperfectly developed state.

The larvje have been found free and in sporocysts by Fihj)pi, La Va-
lette, and Pagenstecher, in Paludina achatina and Rana esculenta.

LTNN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 2

18 DR. T. S. COBBOLD'S SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID.i!.

8. DisTOMA RETusuM, Dujavclin.

D. retusum, Dujarilin, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 44, Van Beneden,
Mem. sur les Vers Intest. p. 92.

D. clavigerum, Riulolplii (ex parte ?).

D. RancB esculentce, Valentin.
In statu larva;.

Cercaria armata, Van Beneden (ex parte).

Hab. Discovered by Dujavdin at Rennes in Rana temporaria, and con-
sidered by him as distinct from D. clavigerum. It has been also re-
corded by Leidy in the intestines of R. halecina at Philadelphia, U.S.

Van Beneden states (Mem. sur les Vers Intest. p. 93) that there are
two distinct scolex-forms in Planorbis corneus usually confounded
under the title of Cercaria armata, and that one of these is the larval
state of Distoma retusum, and the other referable to D. clavigerum.

9. Distoma Wedlii, Cobbold.

D. Pelopliylasis esculenti, Wedl (non descriptum), Diesing, Revis. der
Myzelminth. p. 51 (species inquirenda).

Hab. Wedl found this form in the brain of Rana esculenta, but its spe-
cific distinctness is to a certain extent doubtful.

10. Distoma diffusocalciferum, Gastaldi.

D. diffusocalciferum, Gastaldi, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 32.
Hab. Discovered by Gastaldi encysted in the muscles, under the skin, in
the liver and in the lungs of Rana esculenta in August.

11. Distoma acervocalciferum, Gastaldi.

D. acervocalciferum, Gastaldi, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 36.
Hab. Found in abundance by Gastaldi enclosed in cysts connected with
the nervous trunks of the brachial plexus in Rana esculenta.

12. Distoma crassicolle, Rudolphi.

D. crassicolle, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Pontallie, Diesing.

D. Salamandrce, Zeder.

Fasciola Salamandrce, Froelich.

Hab. Found by Froelich and Bremser in Salamandra atra; in S. ma-
culosa by Rudolphi and Dujardin ; in Triton alpestris and Lissotriton
jmnctatus by Mehlis; by Pontallie in cysts among the muscles and
under the skin of Triton marmoratus in the month of February.

13. Distoma Linguatula, Rudolphi.

D. Linguatula, Rudoljjhi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Olfers originally detected this entozoon in a Brazilian Frog. It

has been since found by Natterer in Cystignatlius pachypus, in Docy-

dophryna aqua, and Ceratophrys varia.

14. Distoma cymbiforme, Rudolphi.

D. cymbiforme, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hah. Rudolphi found nme examples in the urinary bladder of llali-
chelys atra,

15. Distoma longicolle, Cobbold.

I

BB. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^. 19

D. pulmonale Colubri Natricis, Viborg, Rudolphi.
D. Naja, Rudolplii, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola longicoUis, Abildgaai'd.

Hab. Found by Abildgaard, Rudolphi, Bremser, and Dujardin in the
lungs of Tropidonotus Naja in spring, summer, and autumn.

16. DisToMA Boscii, Cobbold.

Fasciola Colubri, Bosc (non descriptum).

Distoma Colubri Americani, Rudolphi, Diesing (species inquirendse).

Distoma Bosci, Cobbold, Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. part iv. p. 364, tab. 63,
figs, 6, 7.

Hab. Like Bosc, I have succeeded in procuring this well-marked species
from the buccal cavity of an American Serpent, the specific name of
the latter beiug unknown to nie. The Snake from which I obtained
this worm died at the London Zoological Society's Gardens. The
lungs were also infested.

17- Distoma Monas, Rudolphi.
D. Monas, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestine of Siphonops onnvlafus in
Brazil.

18. Distoma mentu latum, Rudolphi.

D. mentulatum, Rudolphi, Dujai'din, Diesing, Revis. p. 35.

D. Colubri Natricis intestinale, Rudolphi.

D. Colubri tessellati, Rudolphi.

D. Lacertee, Rudolphi.

Hah. Originally found by Holstein Beck in Tropidonotus Natrix, and

noticed in the same species by Rudolphi, and more recently by Wedl ;

in T. tessellatus by Bremser ; in Podarcis Merremii by Rudolphi ; in

Lacerta ay His by Goede.

19. Distoma repandum, Rudolphi.

D. repandum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing, i. ]). 355.
Hab. Natterer discovered this in the intestines of Cystignathus p achy pus
in Brazil.

20. Distoma Clava, Diesing.
D. Clava, Diesing, Revis. p. 35.

Hab. Discovered by Natterer at Matogrosso and Cuyaba in Eunectes
scytale, Hydroscopus plumbeus. Coluber flaviventris, and Cloelia
fasciata.

21. Distoma gelatinosum, Rudolphi.

D. gelatinosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Rudolphi found nine examples in Halichelys utra at Rimini. It
has been found also by Natterer in Brazil in Podoenemius expansa.

22. Distoma pyxidatum, Bremser.

■D. pyxidatum, Bremser, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

2*

20 DR. T. s. cobbold's syis'opsis of the distomtdje.

Hab. Fouml by Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Chnmpsa {Croco-
dilus) sclerops.

23. DiSTOMA IRRORATUM, Ruclolplu.

D. irroratum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Rudol]jhi discovered thirteen examples in the stomach of Chelonia
midas.

24. DiSTOMA ALLOSTOMUM, Dieslng.
D. colubri murormn, Rudolphi.

D, allostotnum, Diesing.

Hab. Stated by Diesing to infest the intestines of Tropidonotus Matrix .

25. DiSTOMA ARRECTUM, Dujardin.
D. arrectum, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestine of Lacerta viridis.

26. DiSTOMA AssuLA, Dujardin.
D. Assula, Dujardin.

Hab. Dujardin discovered this species in the intestme of Tropidonotus

Natrix.

27. DiSTOMA siGNATUM, Dujardin.
D. signatum, Dujardin, Wedl, Diesing.

Hab. Originally found by Dujardin in the oesophagus of Tropidonotus
{Coluber) Natrix, and recently by Wedl in the same serpent.

28. DiSTOMA iNCiviLE, Leidy.

D. incivile, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 46.

Hab. Found by Leidy in the intestines of Leiosiomus obliquus at Phila-
delphia, U.S.

29. DiSTOMA HORRXDUM, Leidy.

D. horridum, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 51 (species inquirendfe).

Hab. Discovered by Leidy in the renal excretory duct of Boa Constrictor.

D. In corpore piscium.

1. DiSTOMA APPENDICULATUM, Rudolphi.

D. nppendiculatum, Rudolphi, Mayer, Creplin, Siebold, Dujardin, Bel-

lingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 38.
D. crenatum, Rudolphi.
D. clupce rhenance, Rudolphi.
D. clupece, Zeder.
D. varium (ex parte), Eysenhardt.
Apoblema appendiculatum, Blanchard.
Fasciola crenata, Rudolphi.
F. appendiculata, Rudolphi.
F. clupece, Schrank.
F. AloscB, Hermann.
Hab. This species infests the stomach and more rarely the intestines of

various fishes. It has been recorded in Alosa vulgaris by Hermann;

DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDiE. 21

in Rhombus maximus, Solea vulgaris, Torpedo marmorata, Acipenser
Sturio, Ophridium barbatum, O. Vassalli, Capros Aper, Trigla Hirudo,
T. lineata, Saurus saurus, and Gasterosteus aculeatus by Rudolphi and
others; iu Scomber scombrus and Labrax Lupus byDujardin; in Pla-
tessa Jlesus ; in Cottus Scorpio, Clupea Harengus, Perca fiuviatilis,
Esox lucius, Anguilla vulgaris, Gadus callarius and Lota communis
by Creplin.

2. DiSTOMA TERETICOLLE, Rudolplli.

D. tereticolle, Rudolphi, Jurine, Bremser, Siebold, Kblliker, Dujardin,
Van Beneden, Leidy, Wagener, Diesing, Revis. p. 36.

D. truncaimn, Abildgaard?

D. Liicii, Zeder.

D. rosarum, Nordmann.

Fasciola tereticollis, Rudolphi.

F. longicollis, Bloch.

jP. Lucii, Miiller, Schmalz, Schrank.

Planaria Iiucii, Goeze.

Hab. This is very common in some parts of Europe in the stomach of
Esox lucius, while it has been found by Lesueur at Philadelphia, U.S.,
in the stomach of an American Pike, Esox reticulatus. It is also
recorded in Salmo Fario and S. Hucho by Bremser, and in S. Trutta
by Jurine.

.'}. DiSTOMA CLAVATUM, Rudolplli.

D. clavatum, Rudolphi, Owen, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. coryphcena, Rudolphi.

Fasciola clavata, Menzies.

F.fusca, Bosc.

F. Scombri Pelamidis, Tileseus.

Hirudinella, Garsin, Planque.

Hab. Discovered in the stomach of Pelamys Sarda by Tilesius ; seen
by Pohl in Thynnus vulgaris ; in the intestines and also adhering
to the branchia of Corypkana Stippuris by Bosc, and in the liver of
the same by Natterer.

4. D. GLOBiPORUM, Rudolphi.

D. globiporum, Rudol[)hi, Nordmann, Burmeister, Siebold, Ehrenberg,

Dvijardin, Creplin, Wagener, Molin, Diesing, Revis. p. 30.
D. BramcB, Zeder.
D. carinatum, Zeder.
D. cyprinaceum, Zeder.
Fasciola globipora, Rudolphi,
F. Bramce, Miiller, Schrank, Gmelin.
F. longicollis, Froelich.
F. lanceolata, Schrank.
Hab. Recorded in Tinea chrysifis by Modcr ; in Cyprinus Carpin by

Zeder and Froelich; in Abramis Brajiia; and Leuciscus erythrophthal-

22 DB. T. s. cobbold's stnopsis of the distomib^.

mus by Rudolphi ; in L. Meidingeri by Diesing, and in L. Scardapha
by Molin ; in Chondrostoma Nasus by Bremser; in Abramis Blicca,
A. Vimbra, Aspius alburnus, Leuciscus Jeses, and L. rutilus by Crep-
lin ; in Phoxinus Icevis by Mehlis ; in Perca fluviatilis by Zeder.

5. DisTOMA CARNOSUM, Rudolphi.

D. carnosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hub. Discovered by Rudolphi in the intestines of Dentex vulgaris in
abundance.

6. DiSTOMA DENDRITICUM, Rudolplli.

D. dendriticum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Spedalieri found this form in great quantity in the intestines of
Xiphias Gladius.

7. DiSTOMA TUBULATUM, Rudolphi.

D. tubulatmn, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Olfers in Brazil in a species of Murcena.

8. DiSTOMA PULCHELLUM, Rudolplli.

D. pidchellum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Rudolphi in the intestines of Labrus Cyncedus.

9. DiSTOMA iNCisuM, Rudolphi.

D. incisiim, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Anarrhichcs Liipi, Rathke.

Hab. Rathke discovered this species in the stomach of Anarrhichas
Lupus.

10. DiSTOMA TRANSVERSALE, Rudolphi.

D. transversale, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola transversale, Rudolphi.

Hab. Recorded by ^wAoX^him Acanthopsis {Cobitis) fossilis and. Cobitis
PcenicB.

11. DiSTOMA TUMIDULUM, Rudolphi.

D. tmnidulmn, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 29.
Hab. Found by Bellingham and others in Syngnathus acus ; also re-
corded in Hippocampus guttatus.

12. DiSTOMA CAUDiPORUM, Rudolplii.

D. caudiporum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

X). varium, Eysenhardt.

Hab. Rudolphi discovered only a single specimen in the intestines of
Zeus Faber. Diesing regards it as a distinct species. Eysenhardt
states that it is only a form of D. appendiculaium, and he unites these,
with D. rufoviride and D. grandiporum, all into a single species — his
D. varium. Seehispaper in Verhandl. der Gesellsch. naturf. Freundc
in Berlin, vol. i. p. 148.

13. DiSTOMA RUFOVIRIDE, Rudolphi.

DR. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDiE. 23

D. rufoviride, Riulolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Molin, Diesing, Revis.

p. 38.
D. varimn, Eysenhardt.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Dujardin, BeUingham, and Molin in the

stomach and oesophagus of Conger vulgaris.

14. DiSTOMA GRANDIPORUM, Rudolphi.

D. grandiporum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. dimidiatum, Crephn, Mehhs, Dujardin.

D, varium, Eysenhardt.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in Murana Helena; by Creplin in Acipenser

Sturio. Dujardin and Eysenhardt regard this as indistinguishable

from the preceding species.

15. DiSTOMA POLYMORPHUM, Rudolphi.

D. polymorphum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Wed^, Stein, Diesing, Revis. p. 29.

D. Anguillula, Abildgaard, Zeder.

Fasciola polymorpha, Rudolphi.

F. AnguillulcE, Glmelin.

Hab. This species appears to have first attracted the notice of Leeuwen-
hoek, and to have been subsequently described by Abildgaard and
Rudolphi. It infests the Eel {Anguilla vulgaris). Wedl and Carus
have recently figured it.

16. DiSTOMA Folium, Olfers.

D. Folium, Olfers, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Wagener, Diesing, Revis. p. 31.
Hab. Found by Olfers in the urinary bladder of the Common Pike
(Esox lueius).

17. DiSTOMA SERIALE, Rudolplli.

D. seriale, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. limbics, Zeder,
Fasciola Umblce, Fabricius.

Hab. Discovered by Fabricius in Greenland in the kidneys of Salmo
Umbla.

18. DiSTOMA DIVERGENS, Rudolphi.

D. divergens, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Blennii, Zeder.
Fasciola Blennii, Miiller.

Hab. Found in Blennius viviparus by Zoega and O. F. Miiller ; in B.
gattorugine and B. tentacularis by Rudolphi.

19. DiSTOMA FASCIATUM, Rudolphi.

D. fasciatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. Labri, Rudolphi.

Hab. Recorded by lludolplii us infesting the intestines of Cieiiilubrus

Tinea, C. melops, and Serranus Cahrilla. It is also found in Cteno-

labrus rupesfris.

20. Dl.STOMA I'ULVUM, lliulolplll.

2^! BE. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID.B.

D. fulvum., Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 31 ;
Cobbold, Linn. Ti-ans. vol. .\xii. p. 157.

D. simplex, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Cobbold, Diesing.

Fasciola Bramce, Miiller.

D. Wachniae, Tilesius, Diesing (species inquirenda).

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in hota molva, and by Bellingham in Raia
Batis. It has also been seen in Gadus Mediterraneus ; by Dujar-
din and myself in Motella quinquecirrata.

21. DiSTOMA MiJLLERi, Cobbold.
D. (Eglefini, Zeder.

Fasciola (Eglefini, Miiller, Cobbold.

Hab. Discovered by O. F. Miiller in the intestines of Gadus (Eglefinus.

22. DiSTOMA MiCROCEPHALUM, Baird.

D. microcephalum, Baird, Diesing, Revis. p. 31.

Hab. Discovered by Dr. Baird in the stomach of the Spinous Shark
(Acanthus vulgaris).

23. DiSTOMA CLiNOSTOMUM, Cobbold.
D. gracile, Diesing, Revis. p. 32.
Clinostomum gracile, Leidy.

Hab. Found by Leidy in the intestines of a Pike, and also in cysts
attached to the gills of Pomotis vulgaris.

24. DiSTOMA LONGUM, Leidy.

D. longum, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 36.

Hab. Found by Spencer F. Baird in the pharynx of Esox Estor.

25. DiSTOMA iNsiGNE, Dicsing.

D. insigne, Diesing, Revis. p. 31 ; Creplin.

D. Scimma, Risso.

Hab. Discovered by Risso in the stomach of Eckinorhinus spinosus.

26. DiSTOMA MEGASTOMUM, Rudolphi.

D. megastomum, Rudolphi, Eysenhardt, Bremser, Kuhn, Dujardin,

Wedl, Diesing, Revis. p. 35.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi in Galeus Canis ; by Eysenhardt in Mustelus

vulgaris ; by Kuhn and Wedl in the stomach of Scyllium Catulus.

27. DiSTOMA OBESUM, Dicsing.
D. obesum, Diesing, Revis. p. 37-

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the gall-bladder of Salminius bre-
videns, Leporinus Friderici, and Xiphostoma Cuvieri.

28. DiSTOMA VARicuM, Zeder.

D.varicum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 38.
Fasciola varica, Miiller, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Miiller, Rudolphi, and Bellingham in the stomach of
Salmo Salar.

2i). DiSTOMA REFLEXUM, Cveplin.

DE. T. S. COBBOLD's SYJfOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDJi:. 25

D. reflexum, Creplin, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis. p. 38.
Hah. Found by Fabvicius, Creplin, and Bellingham in the intestines of
Cyclopterns lumpus.

30. DisToMA ExcisuM, Rudolphi.

D. excisum, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing, Revis.

p. 38.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Dujardin, and Bellingham in the stomach

of Scomber Scombrus ; also by the original discoverer in S. Colias-

31. DiSTOMA MiCROCOTYLE, Diesing.
D. microcotyle, Diesing, Revis. p. 36.
D. Pleuronectis maximi, Belhngham.

Hab. Discovered by Belhngham in the intestines of Rhombus maxinius.

32. DiSTOMA ANONYMUM, Dicsiug.

D. anonymum, Diesing, Revis. p. 37.
D. Gadi (Eglejini, S^-c, Belhngham.

Hab. Found by Bellingham in the intestines of Gadus CBglefinus, Mer-
langus carbonarius and M. vulgaris.

33. DiSTOMA Calceolus, Moliu.

D. Calceolus, Molin, Diesing, Revis. p. 38.

Hab. Discovered by Molin in the small intestine of Conger vulgaris.

34. DiSTOMA MACROPOCULUM, Cobbold.
D. macrocotyle, Diesing, Revis. p. 38.

D. Orthogorisci Molce, Bellingham.

Hab. Found by Bellingham in the intestines of Orthogoriscus Mola.

35. DiSTOMA AURICULATUM, Wedl.

Z). auriculatum, AVedl, Diesing, Revis. p. 39.

Hab. Found by Wedl in the intestines of Acipeiiser ruthenus.

36. DiSTOMA RACHiON (Cobbold). — Corpus compressum, spinulis ar-
matum, utrinque obtusum. Collum continuum. Os subterniinale,
orbiculare. Acetabulum vix magnitudine oris, subceutrale, apertura
circulari. Porus genitalis ampins inter os et acetabulum. Longit.
I unc.

D. rachion, Cobbold, Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. p. 158.

Hab. Found by me in the intestines of Morrhua ceglefinus.

37. DiSTOMA siNUATUM, Rudolphi.

D. sinuatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Fierasfer imberbe in the
month of July.

38. DiSTOMA VELIPORIJM, Crepliu.

D. veliporum, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola Squali grisei, Risso, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Risso, Otto, and Grohman in the alimentary canal of
Prionodon Milherti and Hexarchus griseus.

26 DE. T. S. COBBOLD's synopsis or THE DISTOMID^.

39. DiSTOMA PALLENS, Riulolplli.

D. imllens, Rudolphi, Diijardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Chrysophrys aurutu in
the month of August.

40. DiSTOMA AREOLATUM, Rudolphi.

D. areolatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Platessee, Zeder.
Fasciola Platessce, Miiller.

Hab. Found by O. F. Miiller in Platessa vulgaris, and by Rudolphi in
Pleuronectes maneus.

41. DiSTOMA CAPITELLATUM, Rudolphi.

D. capitellatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the gall-bladder of Uranoscopus scaber.

42. DiSTOMA MicROSTOMUM, Rudolphi.

D. microstomuni, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Recorded by Rudolphi in the intestines of Solea vulyaris.

43. DiSTOMA SOLE.EFORME, Rudolphi.

D. solemforme, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. TriglcB Gurnardi, Rathke.

Hab. Discovered by Rathke in the stomach of Trigla Gurnardus.

44. DiSTOMA HYALINUM, Rudolplli.

D. hyalinum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. Eriocis, Zeder.

Fasciola Eriocis, Miiller.

Hab. Found by O. F. Miiller in the intestines of Salmo Eriox.

45. DiSTOMA ROSACE UM, Norduiaun.
D. rosaceum, Nordmann, Diesing.

D. tereticolle, var. rosaceum, Dujardin.

Hah. Discovered by Nordmann attached to the piilate of Lota com-
munis.

4%. DiSTOMA Emrryo, Olfers.
D. Embryo, Olfers.

D. longicolle, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Olfers and Creplin enclosed in cysts in the liver and
peritoneum oi Acer in a vulgaris.

47. DiSTOMA INFLEXUM, Rudolphi.

D. inflexum, Rudolpiii, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. carinatuM, Zeder.

Fasciola itiflexa, Rudolphi.

Fasciola Jesis, Gmelin.

Hah. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Leuciscus Jcscs.

DE. T. S. COBBOLD S SYNOPSIS Of THE BISTOMIDJ;. 2i

48. DiSTOMA Granulum, Rudolphi.

D. granulum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. Scorpii, Zeder.

Fasciola Scorpii, Miiller.

Hab. Found by Zoega and Miiller in the intestines of Cottus Scorpio.

49. DisTOMA PACHYSOMUM, E}rsenhardt.
D. pachysoma, Eyseuhardt, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Eyseuhardt in the small intestine of Mergilauratus.

50. DiSTOMA INCOMTUM.

D. incomtum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Olfers in Brazil in the intestines of a species of Cheetodoii.

.51. DiSTOMA Genu, Rudolphi.
D. Genu, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Lubriis lusciis in tlie
month of June.

52. DisTOMUM VENTRicosuM, Rudolphi.
D. ventricosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestiaes of Alosa vulgaris in April.

53. DiSTOMA BACCIGERUM, Rudolphi.

D. baccigerum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of ^/Am«,« Hepsetus in June.

54. DiSTOMA LABiATUM, Rudolphi.

D. labiatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the liver of Syngnathus pelagicus in July.

55. DiSTOMA APERTUM, Rudolphi.

D. apertum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Apogon Rex MuUorum i\\
June and July.

56. DiSTOMA MICROSOMUM, Rudolplu.

D. microsomum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Serranus Cabrilla in tiie
month of June.

57. DiSTOMA AFFiXE, Rudolphi.
D. affine, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Scorpcena cirrfiosa.

5S. DiSTOMA OCREATUM, Rudolphi.
D. ocreatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. halecis, Zeder.
Fasciola ochreata, Rudolplii.
F. halecis, Gmelin.

Hab. Found by Lccuwenliock and Rudolphi in the intestines of Cluprn
Harengus in May.

28 DE. T. S. COBBOLD's synopsis of TUE DISTOMICE.

59. DisTOMA TORNATUM, Rudolphi.

D, tornatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. corijphtEnce, Rudolphi.

Fasciola coryphcence, Tilesius, Bosc.

F. caudata, Bosc.

Hab. Found by Bosc, Tilesius, and Natterer attached to the gills and
in various viscera of Coryphcena Jiippuris ; by Olfers in the stomach
of C. equisetus ; also by Natterer in the stomach of Megalops cypri-
noides.

60. DiSTOMA GiGAS, Nardo.
D. Gigas, Nardo, Diesiug.

Hab. Discovered by Nardo in the stomach of Luvarus imperialis in
September.

61. DiSTOMA TORULOSUM, Rudolphi.

D. torulosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Silurus Giants in October.

62. DiSTOMA TUBARiuM, Rudolphi.

D. tubarium, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesuig.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Umbrina vulgaris.

63. DiSTOMA FiLiFORME, Rudolphi.

D. filiforme, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Cepola rubescens in April.

64. DiSTOMA Raynerianum, Nardo.
D. Raynerianum, Nardo, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Luvarus imperialis in
September.

65. DiSTOMA PUNCTUM, Zedcr.

D. punctum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Rremser, Dujardin, Diesing.
Hab. Found by Zeder aud Breraser in the intestines of Barbus com-
munis in July and in autumnal months.

66. DiSTOMA ANNULiGERUM, Nordmanu.

D. annuligerum, Nordmann, Gescheidt, Dujardin, Diesing.
Hab. Discovered by Nordmann and Gescheidt enclosed in cysts in the
vitreous humour of the eye of Perca Jluviatilis.

67. DiSTOMA FR.\CTUM, Rudolphi.
D.fructum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesiug.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Box Salpa in June and
July.

68. DiSTOMA twBBosuM, Rudolphi.

D. gihhosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the stomach of Belone Acus m May and
June.

DB. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMin.T;. 29

69. DisTOMA FURCATUM, Biemscr.
D.furcatum, Bremser, Eysenhardt, Dujardin, Diesiiig.

Hab. Infests Midliis surmuletus and M. barbatus ; found also in M. ru-
bescens and Lota molva, by Rudolphi, in the months of April and June ;
and by Natterer in Brazil, in the intestines of Coryphcena Hippuris, in
August.

70. DiSTOMA DISTICH UM, Zeder.

D. distichum, O. F. Miiller, Zeder, Rudolphi, Diesing.
Hab. Found by Zoega in the intestines of various fishes. Probably it
has been described under some other name.

71. DiSTOMA BiNODE, Zcder.

D. binode, Zeder, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Fasciola binodis, O. F. Miiller, Gmelin, Schrank.

Hab. Also found by Zoega in the intestines of various fishes.

72. DiSTOMA ANGULATUM, Dujardin.
£). angulatum, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestines of Anguilla vulgaris.

73. DiSTOMA RECEPTACULUM, Cobbold.

D- Labracis, Dujardin, Diesing (species inquirendae).

Hab. Discovered by Dujardin in the intestine of Labrax Lupus.

74. DiSTOMA DuJARDiNii, Cobbold.

D. Solea, Dujardin, Diesing (species inquirendae).

Hab. Found on several occasions by Dujardin in the intestines of Solea
vulgaris.

75. DiSTOMA CONTORTUM, Rudolphi.

D. contortum, Rudolphi, Druniond, Dujardin, Diesing, Bellingham.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Bellingham attached to the gills of Ortlio-
goriscus Mola.

76. DiSTOMA XIGROFLAVUM, Rudolphi.

D. nigrojiavurn, Rudolphi, Dnimond, Dujardin, Diesing.

Sckisturus paradoxus, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the stomach of Ortkogoriscus Mola ; it has

been found in the intestines of the same fish by Bellingham, Gervais,

Van Beneden, and Goodsir.

77- DiSTOMA PERLATUM, Nordmaun.

D. perlatum, Nordmann, Creplin, Dujardin, Owen, Diesing.

D. globiferum Tincce, Rudolphi.

Fasciola Tincce, Modeer.

In statu larvae.
CercaricEum Paludlnee impurcB, Diesing, Moulinie, Filippi.
C P. imp. inerme, Diesing, Revis. dcr Cere. p. 44.
Distoma P. imp. iner., Filippi.
Hab. Found by Modeer, Nordmann, and Dujardin in Titica chrr/sitis ;

in the larvnl .<«t.itc by Fili]>pi in Paludina impiira.

30 DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDJ..

7S. DiSTOMA ATOMON, Rudolphi.

D. atomon, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing, Cobl)old (Linn. Trans, loc. ait.).

Fasciola atomon, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the stomach of Platessa fiesus.

"Jd. DiSTOMA LUTEUM (Wagencr), Status juvenilis. — Corpus ovatum,
marginibus perparce papillis tectum, retrorsum attenuatum. Colluin
nullum. Acetabulum ore duplo majus, subcentrale, apertura circulari.
Longit. j^ uuc.

D. luteum, La Valette, Pagenstecher, Wagener.

Heterostomum ovatum, Diesing.

In statu larvae.

Cercaricsum ovatum, Diesing, Revis. der Cere. p. 43.

Hab. Wagener states that he has seen a mature specimen in the intes-
tines of Esox lucius. Found in the young and larval state by Baer,
La Valette, Pagenstecher, and Wagener in Paludina vivipara.

80. DiSTOMA HOMEOSTOMUM, Diesiug.

D. Triglcs Pini, Bellingham.

D. homeostomum, Diesing, Revis. p. 39.

Hab. Found by Bellingham in the stomach of Trigla cuculus.

E. In cor pore animalmm evertehratorum.

\. DiSTOMA isosTOMUM, Rudolphi.
D. isostomum, Rudolphi, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. cirrigerum, Baer?

Hab. Found by Cams, Otto, Creplin, and Baer in various viscera and
tissues oi Astacus fiuviatilis .

2. DiSTOMA KoLiKERii, Cobbold.
jD. PelagicB, Kolliker, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Krohn and Kolliker attached to the lips of Argonaula
Argo, and in the stomach and tissues oi Pelugia noctiluca.

3. DiSTOMA MEGACOTYLE, Dicsing.

D. Velellas, Filippi.

Hab. Found by Filippi in the stomach of Velella spirans.

4. DiSTOMA GENICULATUM, Dicsiug.

£). Physophoree, Filippi.

Hab. Found by Filippi in the stomach of Physophoru tetrasticha in
January.

Grenus 4. Btlhakzia (Cobbold).

Sexus discretus. Corpus maris lineare, retrorsum in canalem gynacopho-
rM?raproductum. Os acetabuliforme, subtriangulare. Acetabiilum\evitv&\Q
prorainens, subpedicellatum. Apertura genitalis inter acetabulum et
initium canalis gynajcophori. Corpus femincB filiforme, gracile. Aper-
tura genitalis ad acetabuli marginem posteriorem.

DB. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID.E. 31

In a paper read before the Linneau Society January 20, 1859, and since
printed in Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. ]>. 363, 1 ventured to establish this
genus, employing for that ])urpose the name of the original discoverer
of this singular helminthic type. Since that paper was read I have
received Diesing's ' Revision der Myzelmiuthen,' and find that he also
has separated the same forms of entozoa into a distinct genus, under
the title of Gynfecophorus. For the present, therefore, I feel justified
in retaining the term previously employed.

1. BiLHARZIA H^MATOBIA, Cobbold.

Distomum hcEinatohium, Bilharz, Kiichenmeister, Moulinie.

GyncEcophorus heemafobius, Diesing, Revis. p. 52.

Hub. Discovered by Dr. Bilharz of Cairo in the portal system of blood-
vessels of Egyptians ; also subsequently observed by him, Griesinger,
Reinhard, and Lautner in the veins of the mesentery, bladder, and
other parts, giving rise to a formidable and very prevalent disease.
In 363 dissections of the human body Griesinger found this entozoon
present 117 times.

2. BiLHARZIA MAGNA, Cobbold.

B. magna, Cobbold {loc. cit.).

Hab. I discovered a solitary male specimen of this worm in the portal
vein of Cercopithecus fuUginosiis .

Genus 5. Koxlikebia. (Cohhold.)

Sexus discretus. Corpus maris filiforme, antrorsum clavatum, rctrorsum
sensim attenuatum. Os acetabuliforme, orbiculare. Acetabulum \e\\-
trale sessile. Apertura genitalis inter os et acetabulum. Corjjus
femince antrorsum filiforme, clavatum, retrorsum subito increscens,
reniforme. Apertura genitalis inter os et acetabulum.

The considerations which have induced me to separate the preceding
species into a new genus apply almost equally to the helminth here
regarded as the type of another group ; while its peculiar habits also
render it worthy of distinction.

1. KoLLIKERIA FILICOLLIS, Cobbold.

Distoma Okenii, Kblliker, Diesing.

D. filicolle, Van Beneden, Mem. sur les Vers. Intest. p. 104.

Monostoma Jilicolle, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

Hab. Found in Brama Raii by Rudolphi, Kolliker, and Van Beneden.
This species inhabits open follicles in the branchial cavity ; two indi-
viduals— male and female — being found in each cyst.

Genus G, Cbossodeka.

Although closely allied to the typical distomes in respect of general
structure, the presence of a variable number of pi'ominent papillae or
fleshy lobes .surrounding the moutli very properly induced Dujardin

32 DR. T. s. cobbold's synopsis of the distomid^.

to associate these species in a separate sub-genus under the above
title, which I have retained.

1. Crossodera nodulosa, Dujardin.

Distoma nodulosum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, CrepHn, Mehlis, Siebold,
Dujardin, Moulinie, Wagener, Diesing, Revis. p. 39.

D. Luciopercce, Zeder (fortasse), FiUppi.

D. Planorhis carinati.

Fasciola nodulosa, Froelich.

F. Luciopercce, Miiller, Gmelin.

F. Perc(B cernua, Miiller.

F. percina, Schrank.
In statu larvae.

F. Cercariceni (Planorbis) carinati (fortasse), Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Dujardin in Perca fluviatilis ; by Zeder
and Zoega in Acerina vulgaris; by Schrank in Aspro vulgaris; it has
also been observed in A. Zingel; in Leioperca Sandra by Rudolphi ;
in Esox lucius by Creplin ; by Dujardin in Barbus communis.

2. Crossodera campanula, Dujardin.
Distoma campanula, Dujardin, Wedl, Diesing.
D. nodulosum (partim), Diesing.

Hab. Found by Dujardin and Wedl in the intestines of Esox Indus.

3. Crossodera laureata, Dujardin.

Distoma laureatum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Fasciola laureata, Rudolphi.

F. Farionis, O. F. Miiller, Froelich.

F. TruttcB, Froelich.

Hab. Found by Zeder and Froelich in Sahno Trutta ; by Rudoljihi and

Froelich in S. Fario ; it has also been observed in S. Umbla and

Thymallus vexillifer.

4. Crossodera papillosa, Cobbold.
Distoma Beroes, Will.

D. papillosum, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Will in the water-vessels of Bero'e rufescens.

5. Crossodera linearis, Cobbold.

Distoma lineare, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola linearis, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the lai'ge intestine of the domestic Cock,
Phasianus Gallus.

Genus 7. Echinostoma. {Cobbold.)
I entertain no doubt as to the propriety of elevating Dujardiu's sub-
genus Echinostoma into a sepai'ate genus. The remarkable form of
the anterior sucker, and the accompanying double series of marginal
spines, associated with the conspicuous dermal spicules, are sufficiently
characteristic.

DB. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDiE. 33

A. In corpore maminalii^n.

1. EcHiNOSTOMA TRiGONOCEPHALUM, Dujardin.

Distoma trigonocephalum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Bellingham,
Moliu, Diesing, Revis. p. 40.

D. armatum, Zeder.

D. Metis, Zeder.

Fasciola trigonocephala, Rudolphi.

F. armata, Rudolphi.

F. Melts, Rudolphi, Schrank.

F. Putorii, Rudolphi, Schrank.

Planaria Metis, Goeze.

P. Putorii, Goeze.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Bremser, and Bellingham in Erinaceus Eu-
ropceus ; by Goeze, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, and Molin in Mustela
Putorius, and by the four first-named of these observers in Metes
Taxus ; by Rudolphi in Mustetus vutgaris ; in M. Foina by Treutler ;
in M. Lutreota by Otto ; in Canis Vtilpes by Creplin ; it has also been
observed in the intestines of Lutra vulgaris.

2. EcHiNosTOMA ACANTHOiDES, Dujardiu.
Distoma acanthoides, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Phoca vitulina.

3. EcHiNOSTOMA spicuLATOR, Dujardin.
Distoma spicutator, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found in the small intestines of Mus decumanus.

4. ECHINOSTOMA INCRASSATUM, Cobbold.

Distoma incrassatum, Diesing, Revis. p. 46.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the stomach and intestines of Lutra solitaria
in Brazil.

IB. In corpore avium.

1. EcHiNOSTOMA ECHINATUM, Dujardin.

Distoma echinatum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, Nathusius, Creplin, Du-
jardin, Bellingham, Wedl, La Valette ; Diesing, Revis. p. 40; Van
Beneden.
D. excavatvm (Nycticoracis), Rudolphi.
D. radiatum, Dujardin ?
D. Anatis, Zeder.
D. Gruis, Zeder.
D. Cygni Oloris, Bellingham?
Fasciola Anatis, Gmelin.
F. Ch-uis, Gmelin.
Festucaria Anatis, Schrank.
F. Boschadis, Schrank.
Planaria teres poro simplici, Goeze,
Cucullanus conoideus, Bloch.
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. T. 3

84 DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^.

In statu imperfecto.

Distoma echiniferum, La Valette.

In statu larvae.

Cercaria {Homocercaria) echinata, Siebold, Diesing.

C. {Nephrocephala) echinata, Siebold, Diesing, Revis. p. 24.

C. echinata, Siebold, Van Beneden, La Valette, Moulinie, Wagener.

C. (Homocercaria) echinatoides, Filippi, Diesing.

C. {Nephrocephala) echinatoides, Filippi, Diesing {loc. cit.).

C. echinatoides, Filippi, Moulinie.

C. echifera. La Valette, Wagener.

C. brunneal Van Beneden.

Hab. In the adult form this species has been observed in Anas Boschas
by Bloch, Goeze, Zeder and La Valette; in A.fuligula and A. clan-
gula by Mehlis ; in the last named and in A. Penelope by Bellingham ;
in A. moschata by Dujardin; in A. Tadorna and A. Cygnus by Crep-
lin, also in the latter by Bellingham, as well as in A. Olor and Podi-
ceps cristatus ; in Carlo Cormoranus by Wedl ; in Ardea Nycticoraw
and A. Grus by Bremser ; in Ardea pavonia by Diesing; and in A.
Gardeni by Natterer in Brazil ; it has also been observed in Ardea
comata, Carbo pygmaus, Podicepa minor, in Anas Marila, A.Nyroca,
A. strepera, A.ferina, A. clypeata, and A. Anser.

In the young state (if Pagenstecher's view of the identity of this form
with Distoma echinattim be correct) it has been seen by La Valette in
Fringilla domestica, F. montana, and Columba domestica, also in Lepus
Cimiculus (!) and Anas Boschas.

The larval condition has been noticed in Paludina vivipara, and P.
achatina, Planorbis corneas, and Lymnceus stagnalis.

2. EcHiNOSTOMA MiLiTARE, Dujardiu.

Distoma wii'/jfare, Rudolphi, Bojanus,HemprichandEhrenberg, Dujardin,
Diesing, Bellingham ; Van Beneden, Mem. sur les Vers Intest. p. 86.
Fasciola mililaris, Rudolphi.
In statu larvae.

Cercaria echinatal Von Siebold.
C.fallax, Diesing, Pagenstecher, Filippi.

C. {Eucercaria) fallax, Diesing.

C {Gymnocephala) fallax, Diesing, Revis. der Cercarien, p. 11.

C pacifica, Steenstrup.

Hab. Found in the adult condition by Rudolphi and Bellingham in

Numenius arcuatus ; by Bremser in Scolopax Gallinago and Crex

porzana ; in Scolopax Gallinula by Hildebrandt.
The larval Cercariae occur in Lymnceus stagnalis and Paludina vivipara,

according to Baer, Pagenstecher, and Van Beneden.

3. EcHiNosTOMA ECHINOCEPHALUM, Dujardin.
Distoma echinocephalum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

D. Milvi, Zeder.

Fasciola Milvi, Zeder, Rudolphi.

DB. T. S. COBBOLb's SYNOPSIS OF THE DTSTOMID.E. 35

Planaria latiuscula, Goeze.

Hab. Found by Goeze and Treutler in the large intestines of Falco
Milvus in August.

4. ECHINOSTOMA DILATATUM, Cobbold.

Distomum dilatatum, Miram, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Miram in the large intestine of Phasianus Gallus in
September.

5. EcHiNOSTOMA UNCiNATUM, Dujardiu.

Distoma uncinatum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Chloropodis, Zeder.
Fasciola crenata, Froelich.

Hab. Found by Froelich and Zeder in the large intestine of Oallinula
Ckloropus in May and July.

6. EcHiNosTOMA LEPTOSOMUM, Dujardin.

Distoma lepfosomum, Creplin, Mehlis, Dujardin, Diesing.
Hab. Found by Schilling in Tringa variabilis in October, and by Mehlis
in the intestines of Chalidris arenaria.

I . ECHINOSTOMA BILOBUM, Rudolphi.

Distoma bilobum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing, Wedl (Anat. Beobacht.

iiber Tremat. p. 8).
Hab. Found by Bremser and Wedl in Ibis falcinellus ; by Diesing and

Wedl (sometimes imperfectly developed) in Platalea leucoridea, and

by the latter also in Fulica atra.

8. ECHINOSTOMA SERRATUM, Cobbold.

Distomum serratum, Diesing, Neimzehn Arten von Tremat. p. 9, tab. 3.

figs. 14-17.
Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Aranus scolopacevs.

9. EcHiNosTOMA APicuLATUM, Dujardin.
Distoma apiculatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Stridul(B,^Q\c\\.

Fasciola apiculala, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Reich in Strix Alnco, and by Rudolphi in the large in-
testine of S. jlammea.

10. ECHINOSTOMA ciNCTUM, Dujardin.

Distoma cinctum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Tringa helveticcB, Rudolphi.
Fasciola cincta, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Weigel in Vanellus cristatus, and by Bremser in the
intestines of V. melanog aster,

II. EcHiNOSTOMA FEROX, Dujardiu.

Distoma fer ox, TjeAer, Rudolphi, Bremser, Nathusius, Dujardin, Diesing.
D. Ardem stellaris, Rudolphi.
D. Ardece, Zeder.

3*

36 DE. T. s. cobbold's stkopsis of the distomid.e.

Fasciolaferox, Rudolphi.
F. Ardece, Gmelin.
Planaria, Goeze.

Echinorhynchus Ardeee nigrce, Braim.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Dujardin, and Bremser in Ciconia alba; by Ru-
dolphi, Bremser, and Braun in C. nigra ; by Goeze in Ardea stellaris.

12. ECHINOSTOMA NEPHROCEPHALUM, Cobbold.

Dlstomum nephrocephalum, Diesing.

D. Turdi, Rudolphi.

Hab. Infests the intestines of Tardus saxatilis.

13. EcHiNOSTOMA Baculus, Cobbold.
Dlstomum Baculus, Diesing.

D. Mergi, Rudolphi.

Hab. Infests the intestines of Mergus albellus.

14. Echinostoma spinulosum, Dujardin.
Echinostoma spinulosum, Cobbold (Linn. Trans, vol. xxii.).

Distoma spinulosum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Creplin, Diesing, Bellingham,
Molin.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in Colymbus septenirionalis ; by Bremser and
Molin in Podiceps cristatus ; by Mehlis in Anas Querquedula and
Uria Grylle ; it has also been obtained from Carbo Graculus, Larus ar-
gentatus, L. capistranus ; by myself from L. glaucus; by Bellingham
from L. ridibundus, also from Anas Clangula and Numenius arcuatus.

15. Echinostoma denticulatum, Dujardin.
Distoma denticulatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.
Fasciola denticulata, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in Sterna Hirundo ; it has also been obtained
from the intestines of S. nigra and S. Cantiaca.

C. In corpore piscium.

1. Echinostoma annulatum, Cobbold.
Distomum annulatum, Diesing, Revis. p. 43.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Gymnotus
electricus.

2. Echinostoma Pristis, Dujardin.

Distoma Pristis, Deslongchamps, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Deslongchamps in the intestines of Merlangus communis.

3. Echinostoma hispidum, Cobbold.
Echinostoma hispidum Cobbold (Linn. Trans, loc. cit.).

Distoma hispidum, Abildgaard, Rudolphi, Viborg, Creplin, Mehlis, Du-

jai'din, Diesing.
D. Sturionis, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Abildgaard, Rudolphi, Bremser, Creplin, and myself in Aci-
, penser Sturio ; by Diesing in A. glaber, A. Ruthenus, and A. stellatus.

DE, T. S. COBBOLD's STKOPSIsJ OF THE DISTOMIB^. 37

4. EcHiNosTOMA FALLAX, Dujardiii.
Distoinafallax, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Uiesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the stomach of Uranoscopus scaber.

5. EcHiNOSTOMA scABRUM, Dujardin.

Distoma scabrum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing.
Fasciola scabra, O. F. Miiller.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Lota molva ; by Miiller in
the stomach of Gadus Morrhua.

6. EcHiNOSTOMA CRiSTATUM, Dujardiu.
Distoma cristatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the stomach of Stromaleus Fiatola.

7. EcHiNOSTOMA DUJARDINII, Cobbold.

Distomum Histrix, Dujai-din, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Dujardin enclosed in cysts attached to the gills aud
in the pharyngeal mucus of Pleuronectes maximus; also in P. Platessa.

Genus 8. Gasterostoma. (Von Siebold.)

1. Gasterostoma fimbriatum, Siebold.
G.fimbriatum, Siebold, Wagener, Diesing, Revis. p. 57.

Hab. Found by Siebold in the intestines of Perca jiuviatilis and Lucio-
perca Sandra ; by Wagener in Esox Lucius.

2. Gasterostoma minimum, Wagener.
G. minimum, Wagener.

Rhipidocotyle minima, Diesing, Revis. p. 57-

Hab. Found by Wagener in the duodenum of Trigla microlepidota in
October.

3. Gasterostoma gracilescens, Wagener.
G. gracilesceris, Wagener.

Rhipidocotyle gracilescens, Diesing, Revis. p. 57.

Distoma gracilescens, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Diesing, Cobbold
(Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. pt. 3, p. 161, tab. 32. figs. 33, 34).

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Wagener, and myself, in great abundance in
the intestines of Lophius piscatorius. Dr. Wagener represents the
ventral acetabulum as much smaller than the oral sucker ; but I did
not find this to be the case. His other details throw much light
upon its anatomy.

4. Gasterostoma armatum, Molin.

G. armatum, Molin ; Diesing, Nacht. und Verbess. zur Revis. der My-

zelm. p. 18.
Hab. Found by Molin in the intestines of Conger Conger.

Genus 9. Wedlia. (Cobhohl.)

Dr. Guido Wagener has described, in Troschel's ' Archiv fiir Natur-
geschichte,' a remarkable form of Trematodc previously discovered by Wcdl.

38 DB. T. S. COBBOLD's synopsis of the DISTOMIDiE.

Such is the general similarity in the structure and habits of this worm to the
form I have noticed under the generic title of Kcellikeria, that at first sight
we might be tempted to associate them. The absence, however, of a ventral
sucker (without taking into account its assumed androgynous character)
points to a closer aUiance with the Monostomes, from which also it is,
nevertheless, evidently distinct. I strongly suspect the sexes will be found
separate.

Corpus inerrae, reniforme, lobatum ; aliquando antrorsum attenuatum,
apice incrassatum, clavatum, retrorsum subito increscens. Os termi-
nale, acetabuliforme. Acetabulum ventrale nullum. Androgynum (?),
apertura genitali infra os. Oviparum, ovulis non operculatis. Avium
incola, et in cavo branchiorum piscium marinarum geminatim in
foUiculis inclusa.

1. Wedlia bipartita, Cobbold.

Monostoma bipartitum, Wedl, Wiener Akademie-Berichte, Bd. xvi. p. 38 ;

Wagener, Archiv fiir Natvug. 1858, Bd. i. p. 252 ; Diesing, Revis. p. 23.
Hab. Found by Wedl and Wagener in cysts connected with the gills and

pharyngeal mucous membrane of Thynnus vulgaris.

2. Wedlia Faba, Cobbold.

Monostoma Faba, Bremser, Dujardiu, Creplin, Diesing.

M. bijugum, Miescher, Siebold.

Globularia, Rolando.

Hab. Found by Miescher in Fringilla Spinus, and by Inhof in F.

domestica ; by Schinz in F. canaria ; by Rolando in Sturnus vulgaris ;

by S. T. Soemmering in Parus major ; by Bremser and Diesing in

Sylvia sibilatrix ; by Creplin in S. Trochilus ; by Fischer in Motacilla

Boarula.

Genus 10. Monostoma. {Zeder.)
A. In corpore mammalium.

1. Monostoma lentis, Nordmarm.

M. lentis, Nordmann (non descript.) ; Gescheidt ; Diesing (species in-

quirendae) ; Kiichenmeister.
Distoma Amnion 1
Hab. Found by Jiinken and Nordmann in the lens of the human eye.

2. Monostoma Squammula, Diesing.
M. Squammula, Diesing.

Distoma Squammula, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin.
Hab. Found by Dujardin and Bremser in the intestines of Mustela
putorius.

3. Monostoma Hippocrepis, Diesing.
M. Hippocrepis, Diesing, Revis. p. 22.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the large intestines of Hydrochoerus
Capyhara.

DE. T. S. COBBOLd'S SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIU^. 39

4. MoNosTOMA KuHNii, Cobbold,

M. Leporis, Kuhn ; Diesing (species inquirendie).

Hab. Found by Kuhn attached to the peritoneum of Lepus Cuniculus.

5. MoNosTOMA NocTUL^, Cobbold.

M. VespertiUonis, Rudolphi, Diesing (species inquirendfc).
Hab. Infests the intestines of Vespertilia Noctula.

6. MoNOSTOMA OCREATUM, Zcdcr.

M. ocreatum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Bellingham ; Diesing,

Revis. p. 24.
Distoma Lorum, Dujardin.
Fasciola ocreata, Goeze.
Cucullanus ocreatus, Schrank.
C. Talpte, Muller.
Hab. Found by Zeder, Goeze, Bremser, Dujardin, and BelUngham in the

intestines of Talpa europcea.

7. MoNosToMA Blainvillei, Cobbold.

M. Delphini, Blainville, Diesing (species inquirendae).
Hab. Found by De Blainville encysted in the fatty tissues of Delphiuus
Dalei.

8. Monostoma plicatum, CrepHn.
M. plicatum, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Holthoff in the oesophagus and intestines of Balcena
borealis.

B. In corpore avium.

1. Monostoma mutabile, Zeder,

M. mutabile, Zeder, Rudolphi, Mehlis, Siebold, Leuckart, Dujardin;
Diesing, Revis. p. 21 ; Desor ; Van Beneden, Mem. sur les Vers Intest.
p. 70 ; La Valette, Wagener.

M. microstomum., Creplin, Mehlis.

M. Himantopodis, Rudolphi.

M. Vanelli, Rudolphi. '

Distoma Calidris, Rudolphi.

Hab. Infests ditFerent parts of the body, especially the infra-orbital
sinuses, of various water-birds. It has been found by Diesing, Siebold,
and La Valette mAnas Anser ; by Nitzsch \nA. Clangula ; by Bremser
and Diesing in Himantopus melanopterus ; by Natterer in H. Wilsoni ;
by Diesing in Totanus fuscus ; by Natterer in T.flavipes ; by Van Be-
neden in T. Calidris ; by Zeder in Gallinula chloropus ; by Siebold
and Barkow in Fulica atra ; by Natterer in F. armillata ; by Laurer
in Ardea Grus ; by Hermann in Numenius arcuatus ; by Siebold in
Rallus aquaticus ; it also occurs in Crax Alector and Vanellus oris-
tatus ; by Natterer in Falco hamatus and F. milvoides.

2. Monostoma flavum, Mehhs.

M.fiavum, Mehlis, Siebold, Dujardin, Diesing, Wagener, La Valette.

40 j>n. T. s. cobbold's srxopsis or the distomid^.

In statu larvae.

Cercariajlava, La Valette.

E. ephemera, Siebold, Steenstrup, Dujardiu, Moulinie, Filippi, Pageu-

stecher.
Glenocercaria flava, Diesing, Revis. der Cere. p. 8.
Histrionella ephemera, Siebold.
Hub. Infests various aquatic birds. Found by Siebold in Mergus Ser-

rator, and by Mehlis in Anas fuliginosa ; it has also been noticed in

A.fusca, A. moUissima, A. Marila, and Mergus albellus.
The larvae have been found by Siebold, Pagenstecher, and La Valette in

Planorbis corneus.

3. MONOSTOMA ATTENUATUM, Rudolphi.

M. attenuatum., Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Creplin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Crephn in Anas Anser, A.ferina, A. Marila ; by Brauu
in A. clypeata; by Mehlis in A.fusca, A. glacialis, A. Clangula, A.
Fuligula, A. music a, A. Tadorna; by Bellingham in the latter, in
A. Penelope, and A. alhifrons ; by Mehlis also in Mergus Merganser
and M. Serrator; by Rudolphi in Scolopax Gallinago.

4. MoNOSTOMA ALVEATUM, MchUs.

M. alveatum, Mehlis (non descriptum) ; Creplin, Diesing, Revis. p. 331

(spec, inquirendse).
Hab. Found by Mehlis and Creplin in Anas fusca ; by Creplin and

Laurer in A. Marila ; by Schilling in A. glacialis, A. moUissima, A.

musica, and A. Penelope.

5. MoNOSTOMA PETASATUM, Deslougchamps.

M. petasatum, Deslongchamps, Diesing (species iuquirendae).
Hab. Found by Deslongchamps in the intestinal cfeca of Hcematopus
Ostralegus.

6. MoNOSTOMA LANCEOLATUM, Wcdl.

M. lanceolatum, Wedl, Anat. Beobacht. iiber Tremat. p. 13 ; Diesing,

Revis. p. 21.
Hab. Found by Wedl in the abdominal cavity of Himantopus melanopterus.

7. MoNOSTOMA Cymbium, Dicsing.
M. Cymbium, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the oesophagus of Himantopus
Wilsonii.

8. MoNOSTOMA EXPANSUM, Creplin.
M. expansum, Creplin, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Creplin in the small intestines of Falco haliceetus.

9. MoNOSTOMA PRiSMATicuM, Zeder.

M. prismaticum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Zeder in the intestines of Corvus frugilegus.

10. MoNOSTOMA VENTRICOSUM, Rudolphi.

M. i^entricosum, Rudolj)hi, Dujardin, Diesing.

DB. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMID^. 41

Fasciola ven^ricosa, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolplii in the abdominal cavity of Sylvia Luscinia in May.

11. MONOSTOMA CRENULATUM, Rudolphi.

M. crenulatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Sylvia Phanicurus in
May.

12. MONOSTOMA MACROSTOMUM, Rudolphi.

M. macrostomum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing (species inquirendse).
Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Larus ridibundus in July.

C. In corpore repiilium.

1. MoNOSTOMA ELLIPTICUM, Rudolphi.

M. eUipticum, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Diesing.

M. BombyncB, Zeder.

Hab. Found by Gsede, Zeder, Bremser, and Diesing in Bufo igneus.

2. MoNOSTOMA SULCATUM, Dicsirg.

M. sulcatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found in the intestines of Aster odactylus Pipa by Rudolphi.

3. MoNOSTOMA ORNATUM, Leidy.

M. ornatum, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 22,

Hab. Found by Leidy in the abdominal cavity of Rana pipiens.

4. MoNOSTOMA HisTRix, Molin.

M. Histrix, Molin, Diesing, Revis. p. 24.

Hab. Found by Molin in the intestines of Pelophylax esculentus. •

5. MoNOSTOMA TRIGONOCEPHALUM, Rudolphi.

M. trigonocephalum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham, Diesing,

M. rubrum et album, Kuhl, Van Hasselt.

Planaria Midce, Braun.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Natterer, Braun, Kuhl, and Van Hasselt in tlie

alimentary canal of Halichelys atra ; by Bellingham in Chelonia im-

bricaia.

6. MoNOSTOMA DELICATULUM, Dicsiug.

M. delicatulum, Diesing.

Distoma Testudinis, Rudolphi,

Hab. Infests the intestines of Halichelys atra and Emys europ^a.

7. MONOSTOMA spiRALE, Dicsing.
M. spirale, Diesing, Revis. p. 22.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Chelonoides tabulatus, Podo~
cnemis Tracaxa, and Hypsilophus tuber culat us.

8. MoNOSTOMA RENiCAFiTE, Leidy,
M. renicapite, Leidy,

M. nephrocephalum, Diesing, Revis. p. 25.

Hab. Found by Agassiz in America, in the intestines of Sparyus coriacea.

9. MONOSTO.MA MOLLE, Lcidv.

42 DB. T. s. cobbolb's synopsis of the distomid^.

M. molle, Leidy ; Diesing (species inquirendEe), Revis. p. 24.
Hab. Found by Leidy in the lungs of Sternotherus odoratus at Phila-
delphia, U.S.

10. MoNOSTOMA iNCOMMODUM, Leidy.

M. ? incommodum, Leidy, Diesing, Revis. p. 25.

Hab. Found by Bailey in the throat of Alligator mississipien^is in Florida,

U.S.

11. MoNOSTOMA GuRLTii, Cobbold.
Monostoma, (sp.) Gurlt.

M. LacertcB, Diesing, Revis. p. 25.
Dithyridium Lacertce, Valenciennes, Creplin.
D. Lacertce viridis et D. L. muralis, Rudolphi.
Petrathyrus obesus, Creplin.

Piestocystis Dithrydium, Diesing, Syst. Helm. i. p. 469.
Hab. Found in Lacerta agilis by Gurlt ; by Bremser and Valenciennes
in Ld. viridis, Zacholus austriacus, and Podarcis muralis.

D. In corpore piscium.

1. Monostoma foliaceum, Rudolphi.

M. foliaceum, Rudolphi, Bremser, Dujardin, Diesing (Revis. p. 20),

Wedl, Molin.
Amphilina foliacea, Wagener, Archiv fiir Naturg. 1858, p. 244.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Wedl in Acipenser Sturio ; by Molin in

A. Nasus; by Diesing in A. stellatus and A. glaber.

2. Monostoma capitellatum, Rudolphi.

M. capitellatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing (Revis. p. 23), Wagener.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Wagener in Box Salpa ; it also occurs in
Scomber Scombrus.

3. Monostoma orbiculare, Rudolphi.
M. orbiculare, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Box Salpa.

4. Monostoma liguloideum, Diesing. —
M. liguloideum, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the abdominal cavity of Vastres Cuvieri.

5. Monostoma constrictum, Diesing.

M. constrictum, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Diesing in the anterior chamber of the eye of Abrainis
Brama.

6. Monostoma pr^morsum, Nordmann.
M. prcBmorsum, Nordmann, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Nordmann in the branchial cavity of Abramis Brama.

7. Monostoma Filum.

M. Filum, Dujardin, Diesing (Revis. p. 24), Wagener.

Hab. P'ound by Dujardin in the intestines of Exocetus exsiliens ; in the

DE. T. S. COBBOLD'S SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDJB. 43

embryonic condition by Wagener in the liver and orbits of the same
fish in July.

8. MONOSTOMA GALEATUM, Rudolphi.

M. galeatum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Lichia glauca in August.

9. MoNOSTOMA ECHINOSTOMUM, Dicsiug.

Distoma planicolle, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Catkartes Aura in February, and in the
intestines of Sula fusca, in Brazil.

10. MoNOSTOMA CARYOPHYLLINUM, Zeder,

M. caryophyllinum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, Gurlt, Creplin, Dujardin,

Diesing (species inquirendse), Cobbold (Linn. Trans.).
Hypostoma caryophyllinus, Blainville.
Festucaria caryophyllina, Rudolphi.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi and myself in Gasterosteus aculeatus.

11. MoNOSTOMA Braunii, Cobbold.
M. MurcenultB, Rudolphi, Diesing.

Hab. Discovered by Braun in follicles attached to the stomach of Core-
gonus Murcenula.

12. MoNOSTOMA COCHLEARIFORME, Rudolphi.

M. cochleariforme, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Schrank in the intestines of Barbus communis.

13. MoNOSTOMA Wedlii, Cobbold.

M. Rhombi IcBvis, Wedl (non descript.) ; Diesing, Revis. p. 25 (species

inquirendse).
Hab. Found by Wedl in follicles of the intestinal mucous membrane,

and also adhering to the fin-rays of Rhombus lasvis.

14. MoNOSTOMA GRACILE, Rudolplli.

M. gracile, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing (species inquirendse).

Hab. Found by Acharius in the abdominal cavity of Osmerus Eperlanus.

15. MoNOSTOMA DUBiUM, Cobbold.

Corpus planum, oblongum, antrorsum attenuatum, retrorsum truncatum.

Os subterminale, orbiculare exiguum. Penis longus filiformis, apice

bifurcatus. Longit. ^V unc.
M. duhium, Cobbold, Linn. Trans, vol. xxii. pt. 3, p. 256. tab. 31,

figs. 4 & 5.
Hab. Found in a cyst attached to the subperitoneal surface of the ovary

of Gasterosteus Spinachia.

Genus 11. Nematobotheium. (Van Beneden.)

1. Nematobothrium filarina, Van Beneden.

Corpus planum, cylindricum, filiformc, in nodum collectum, antice nunc

diverse acuminatum, tunc rotundatum, postice obtusatum. Longi-

tudo ad 40 unc. ; crassities i unc.

4i DR. T. S. COBBOLB's SYNOPSIS OF THE BISTOMID.E.

N.Jilarina,Ynn Beneden, Mem. sur les Vers Intestinaux, p. 109, pi.

xiii. figs. 1-12.
Hab. Infests the branchial cavity of Scicena aquila.

Genus 12. Codonocephalus. {Diesing.)

In the absence of any original examination of this Trematode, I am un-
wilhug to set aside Diesing's generic distinctions, but I find Wedl who has
recently contributed several careful papers on Entozoology, remarking in his
" Anatomische Beobachtungen iiber Trematoden," that, in his opinion,
this genus can scarcely be legitimately maintained. In a group of such
numerous and closely-allied forms as the Trematodes present, one is almost
necessitated to employ as generic, characters which have only a subgeneric
value ; yet, at the same time, it is essential to avoid as far as possible the
splitting up of groups.

1. CoDONOCEPHALUS MUTABiLis, Diesing.

C. mutabilis, Diesing, Revis. p. 19 ; B. Gastaldi.

Holostoma urnigerum, Wedl.

Amphistoma urnigerum, Rudolpbi, Westrumb, Creplin, Bremser, Du-

jardin.
Hab. Found by Creplin, Bremser, and Wedl in Pelophylax (Rana) escu-
lentus. It lives enclosed in cysts occupying various parts of the body
of the host.

Geuus 13. EusTEMMA. {Diesing.)
1. EusTEMMA Caryophyllum, Dicsiug.
E, Caryophyllum, Diesing, Revis. p. 19.

Hab. This singular flower-shaped entozoon was discovered by Natterer
in the intestines of Falco pileatus in Brazil in May.

Genus 14. Holostoma. (Solosfomum) Nitszch.

A. In corpore avium.

\. Holostoma variabile, Nitzsch.

H. variabile, Nitzsch; Wedl; Diesing, Revis. p. 16.

H. macrocephalum, Creplin, Dujardin.

Amphistoma macrocepAaiMm,Rudolphi, Westrumb, Bremser, Bellingham.

Fasciola Strigis, Gmelin.

Festucaria Strigis, Schrank.

Planaria teres poro simplici, Goeze.

Strigia, sp. Abildgaard.

Hab. Found by Abildgaard in Strix brachyotus ; by Rudolpbi in S. Bubo,
S. flammea, and S. otus ; in the last named also by Bremser ; by
Creplin in «S. nyctea ; by Otto in S. pygmcea ; it has also been found
in S. aluco, S. passerina, and S. Tengmaleni ; by Wedl in Ardea
cinerea ; by Bellingham in Faleo rufus and F. peregrinus ; by Froelich
in F. tinnunculus ; by Rudolpbi and Bremser in F. apivorus ; it has
also been procured from F. Buteo, F. Lagopus, F. cineraceus, F. albi-
cilla, F. gallicus, F. pennatus, F. ncevius, F. haliceetus, F. imperialis,
F. rujlpes, and F. cyaneus.

DR. T. S. COBBOLB's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIBJi:. 45

2. HoLOSTOMA Lagena, MoUd.

H. Lagena, Molin; Diesing, Revis. p. 16.

Hab. Found by Molin in the small intestines of Strix passerina in
December.

3. HoLOSTOMA SERPENS, NitZSCh.

H. serpens, Nitzsch, Dujardin, Diesing.

Amphistoma serpens, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Nitzsch in the intestines of Falco Halitsetos in September.

4. HoLOSTOMA TENUicoLLE, Dicsing.
H. tenuicolle, Diesing.

Amphistoma tenuicolle, Westrumb.

Hab. Found by Bremser in the intestines of Falco rufus.

5. HoLOSTOMA Bellinghamii, Cobbold.

H. Falconum, Diesing, Revis. p. 18 (species inquirendse).

Amphistoma, Bellingham.

Hab. Found by Bellingham in the intestiues of Falco nisus and F. rufus.

6. HoLOSTOMA Sph.erula, Dujardin.

H. Sphcerula, Dujardin, Creplin, Diesing, Molin.
Amphistoma Sphcerula, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Belhngham.
Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Bremser in Corpus Comix ; by Creplin in
C. coroncB; by Bellingham in C.frugilegus ; in C . glandarius by Molin.

7. HoLOSTOMA Westrumbii, Cobbold.
H, sphccrocephalum, Diesing.
Amphistoma sphcerocephalum, Westrumb.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Coracina scutata at Brazil.

8. HoLOSTOMA MicRosTOMUM, Dujardin.
H. microstomum, Dujardin, Diesing.
Amphistoma microstomum, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the duodenum of Corvus Caryocatactes.

9. HoLOSTOMA DUBiuM, Cobbold.

H. Corones, Diesing, Revis. p. 11 (spec, inquirendaj).

Amphistoma Corvi Corones, Bellingham (non descript.).

Hab. Found by Bellingham in the small intestines of Corvus Corone.

10. HoLOSTOMA CoRNU, Nitzsch.

H. Cornu, Nitzsch, Dujardin, Leidy, Wedl; Diesing, Revis. p. 17.

Amphistoma Cornu, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Bellingliam.

Monostoma Cornu, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Nitzsch and Bellingham in Ardea einerea ; by Leidy in
A. Herodias, in America; by Bremser in A. Garzetta; by Wedl in
A. stellaris ; it has also been obtained from A. purpurea, A. Nycti-
corax, and Ciconia alba.

11. IIoLosTOMA LONGicoLLE, Dujardin.
H. longicolle, Dujiirdin, Diesing, Revis. p. 17-

Amphistoma longicolle, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Bremser, Bellingham,
Creplin.

46 DR. T. s. cobbold's synopsis of the distomid^.

Hab. Found by Hiibner in Ardea alba ; by Bellingham in Larus argen-
tatus; it likewise infests L. canus and L. ridibundus, and Ardea
stellar is.

12. HoLOSTOMA GRACiLE, Dujai'din.
H. gracile, Dujardin, Creplin, Diesing.

AmpUstoma gracile, Rudolpbi, Westrumb, Creplin, Bellingham.

Hab. Found by Mehlis in Anas Clungula, A. fusca, and A. albifrons ; by
Creplin in A. nigra ; by Bellingham in Colymbus glacialis ; by Schilling
in Mergus Serrator ; it also infests M. Merganser and M. albellus.

13. HoLOSTOMA ERRATicuM, Dujardin.

H. err a^/cwm, Dujardin, Creplin; Diesing, Revis. p. 16.

H. macrocephalum, Creplin (ex parte).

Amphistoma erraticum, Rudolphi, Westrumb.

A. isostomum, Rudolphi, Dujardin, Bellingham.

A.Anatis TadorncB, Rudolphi.

Strigia Anatis Tadornce, Viborg.

S. Candida, Abildgaard.

Hab. Found by CrepUn in Anas ferina ; by Bellingham in A. Boschas
/era ; it also infests ^. Cygnus, A. Clangula, A. Marita, A. glacialis, A.
Tadorna, A. fusca, A. mollissima ; by Creplin in Alca Pica, A. Torda,
and Colymbus balticus; by Rudolphi in C. septentrionalis ; by Brem-
ser in C. arcticus, and Scolopax rusticola ; by Rudolphi in S. Galli-
nago ; it also occurs in Mergus albellus and Vanellus cristatus.

14. HoLOSTOMA PLATYCEPHALUM, Dujardiu.
H. platycephalum, Dujardin, Diesing.
Amphistoma platycephalum., Creplin.

Hab. Found by Schilling and Creplin in Colymbus rufo-gularis and
Larus argentatus ; by the latter also in L. ridibundus and Podiceps
cristatus ; by Schilling and Siebold in L. fuscus, and also by the
latter in L. canus and Carbo cormoranus. It usually occupies the bursa
of Fabricius.

15. HoLOSTOMA VARIEGATUM, Dujardin.
H. variegatum, Dujardin, Diesing.
Amphistoma variegatum, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Schilling in Larus argentatus, L. Marinus, L. maximus,
and Alca Torda; by Creplin in Uria troile.

16. HoLOSTOMA piLEATUM, Dujardin.
Holostoma pileatum, Dujardin, Creplin, Diesing.
Amphistoma pileatum, Westrumb, Rudolphi.
Monostoma pileatum, Zeder, Rudolphi.
Fasciola pileata, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in Sterna Hirundo ; by Creplin in S. macroura ;
by Bremser in S. cantiaca.

17. HoLOSTOMA MULTILOBUM, Cobbold.

DB. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE BISTOMTD^. 47

H. cornutum, Dujardin, Diesing (spec, inquirendae).
Amphistoma cornutum, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi in the intestines of Charadrius pluvialis, in
October.

18. HOLOSTOMA CRENULATUM, Cobbold.

H. Anatis (Oidemia) nigrce, HeWmgham ; Diesing, Revis. p. 18 (spec.

inquirendse.).
Hab. Found by Bellingham in the small intestines of Anas nigra.

B. In corpore reptilium.

1. HoLOSTOMA NiTiDUM, Leidy.
H. nitidum, Leidy ; Diesing, Revis. p. 17-

Hab. Found by Leidy in the small intestines of Rana pipiens at Phila-
delphia, U.S.

C. In corpore pisciwn.

1. HoLosTOMA Clavus, Mohn.
H. Clavus, Molin ; Diesing, Revis. p. 18.

Hab. Found by Molin in the large intestines of Gadus Merlucius in
January.

Genus 15. Hemistoma. {Diesing^

A. In corpore mammalium.

1. Hemistoma alatum, Diesing.
H. alatum, Diesing.

Holostomum alatum,N'itzsch, Creplin,Mehlis,Gurlt, Dujardin, Blanchard.

Distoma alatum, Zeder, Rudolphi, Miram.

D. vulpina, Abildgaard.

Fasciola alata, Rudolphi.

F. Vulpis, Gmelin.

Alaria Vulpis, Schrank.

Festucaria alata, Schrank.

Planaria alata, Goeze.

Hab. Found by Zeder and Goeze, Rudolphi, and Miram in Canis Vulpes ;

by Rudolphi and Dujardin in C. Lupus ; by Creplin in C. familiaris ;

by Natterer in Brazil in C. Azara.

2. Hemistoma cordatum, Diesing.
H. cordatum, Diesing, Revis. p. 15.

Hab. Found by Diesing in the intestines of Felis Catus (ferus) in
November.

3. Hemistoma clathratum, Diesing.
H. clathratum, Diesing, Revis. p. 14.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the stomach and intestines of Lutra Brazili-
ensis at Matogrosso in August.

4. Hemistoma pedatum, Diesing.
H. pedatum, Diesing, Revis. p. 15.

48 DR. T. s. cobbold's synopsis op the distomid^.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Didelphis myosurus in May and June, and
in D, cancrivorus in December, in Brazil.

B. In corpora avium.

1. Hemistoma Spatula, Diesing.

H. Spathula, Diesing, Revis. p. 15, Wedl; Cobbold, Linn. Trans, (loc.

cit.) p. 164.
Holostomum Spatula, Creplin, Mehlis, Dujardin.
Amphistoma macrocephalum, Bremser.
A. m. {Falconis Milvi), Rudolphi.
A. Falconis palumbarii, Rudolphi.
Strigia Falconis palumbarii, Viborg.
Hab. Found by Mehlis, Wedl, and Crephn in Falco Nisus ; by the latter

also in F. Buteo, and, as well as Mehlis, in F. ater, who also obtained

it fi'om F. palumbarius ; by Schilling in F. lagopus; it also occurs

in F. Milvus, F. Albicilla, F. Chrysdetos, F. Lithofalco, F. rufus, F.

Subbuteo, F. peregrinus, F. ncevius, F. cyaneus, F. lanarius, and F.

Gallicus. It has likevnse been procured by Dujardin from Strix

Aluco, and by myself from S. otns.

2. Hemistoma podomorphum, Diesing.
H. podomorphum, Diesing.

Holostoma podomorphum, Nitzsch, Dujardin.

Hub. Found by Nitzsch in the intestines of Falco Haliceetos.

3. Hemistoma auritum, Diesing.

H. auritum, Diesing (species inquirendse).

Holostoma auritum, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Dujardin in the intestines of Strix Jlammea.

4. Hemistoma denticulatum, Diesing.
H. denticulatum, Diesing.

Holostoma denticulatum, Dujardin.

Amphistoma denticulatum, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Bremser and Dujardin in the intestines oi Alcedo ispida.

5. Hemistoma commutatum, Diesing.
H. commutatum, Diesing.

Anphistoma pileatum, Bremser, non Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Diesing in abundance in the intestines of Sterna Caspica
in June.

6. Hemistoma trilobum, Diesing.
H. trilobum, Diesing, Wedl.
Distoma trilobum, Rudolphi, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Wedl and others in the intestines of Cai-bo Cormoranus.

7. Hemistoma spathaceum, Diesing.
H. spathaceum, Diesing.

Holostoma spathaceum, Dujardin, Creplin.
Distoma spathacevm, Rudolphi.

DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS Or THE DISTOMTDJE. 49

Amphistoma Lari glauci, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Bremserin Larus argentatus ; by Schilling in L. argen-
tatoides ; by Mehlis in L. tridactylus ; by Creplin in L. canus ; by
Natterer in L. marinus. It infests the intestines in all.

8. Hemistoma excavatum, Diesing.
H. excavatum, Diesing.

Distoma excavatum, Nitzsch, Mehlis, Nathusius, Dujardin.
Fasciola excavata, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi and Bremser in Ciconia alba ; by Nathusius
in C. nigra.

Genus 16. Diplostoma (Diplosfomicm), Nordm.
Were it possible even with only a moderate degree of accuracy to refer
to their true adult representatives the several individuals here associated
together, I should be glad to cast aside this genus entirely ; but, while
accepting in a general sense the view of those who maintain that the Diplo-
stomes are merely larval or immature Holostomes, how, I ask, are we to
allocate under their proper specific titles even those forms which have been
most frequently subjected to investigation ? The differing views of Steen-
strup, Siebold, Aubert, Wagener, Claparede, and others, are at present
irreconcileable, and the difficulty is still further enhanced by the surprising
results of Leuckart's researches among the Pentastomata, where he finds
that even the presence of well-developed reproductive organs afl^ords no
safe criterion of the adult state, for, in these crustaceoid parasites they
exist in the pupa condition. As this obtains in the Pentastomes, may
not the evidence equally apply to the digenetic flukes ? Without at present
entering into the discussion, I think it advisable, if only for the sake of
convenience, to retain this genus imtil some one shall have more conclu-
sively established the affinities and alternating relations in the cycle of
development, as they affect, at least, a proportion of the so-called species.

1. Diplostoma rhachi^eum, Henle.

D. rhachicEwn, Henle, Dujardin, Leydig, Claparede.

Tylodelphys rhachidis, Diesing, Revis. p. 12; Pagenstecher.

Ent. dubium Ranarum, Rudolphi.

Hab. Found by Henle, Caldani, Leydig, Claparede, Pagenstecher, and

others, in the spinal canal of Rana iemporaria and Pelophylax escu-

lentus.

2. Diplostoma clavatum, Nordmann.

D. clavatum, Nordmann, Gescheidt, Dujardin, Claparede.
Tylodelphys clavata, Diesing, Revis. p. 1 2.

Hab. Found by Nordmann in the eyes of Perca fiuviatilis, Acerina vul-
garis, and Lucioperca Sandra ; by Dujardin in Esox Lucius.

3. Diplostoma craniarium, Cobbold.
Tylodelphys ? craniaria, Diesing, Revis. p. 12.

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY, VOL, Y. 4

50 DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OT THE DISTOINHD^.

Trematodum, sp. Ley dig.

Hab. Found in abundance by Leydig in the cranial cavity of Cobitis
fossilis.

4. DiPLOSTOMA, MiiLLERi, Cobbold.
D. Petromyzi fluviatilis, Miiller.

D. rachiceum, Miiller ?
Tylodelphys ? Diesing, Revis. p. 12.

Hab. Found by Miiller in abundance in the cerebral cavity of Petromy-
zon fluviatilis.

5. DiPLOSTOMA cuTicoLA, Diesing.

D. cuticola, Diesing, Revis. p. 13 ; Leidy.

Hohstomnm cuticola, Nordmann, Gescheidt, Dujardin, Creplin, Siebold,
Wigham.

Hab. Found by Nordmann in Leuciscus Idus, L. erythrophthalmus, and
L. rutilus ; also by Wigham and Siebold in the last-named species ;
by Siebold likewise in L. Dobula, Phoxinus lavis, and Gobio vulgaris ;
by Nordmann in Cyprinus Carpis, Abramis Brama, and A. Blieca;
by Creplin in A. Virnba ; by Kollar in Cliondrostonia nasus; by Leidy
in America in Pomotis vulgaris. It generally occurs encysted beneath
the skin and internal mucous surfaces ; Leidy found it in the liver.
According to Von Siebold, this species arrives at maturity in the intes-
tinal canal of certain Water-birds.

6. DiPLOSTOMA voLVENS, Nordmann.

Diplostomum volvens, Nordmann, Gescheidtj Dujardin, Creplin, Aubert,

Claparede, Diesing; Revis. p. 13.
Hab. Found by Nordmann, and others, in the eyes of Acerina vulgaris,
P ere a fluviatilis, Lucioperca Sandra, Leuciscus erythrophthalmus, and
LiOta communis ; by Creplin in hota communis and Leuciscus rutilus.
According to Steenstrup, this form, D. cuticola and D. clavatum, are
identical ; yet no one of the three species can with certainty be regarded
as a mature trematode, the true adult representative having still to be
sought among the Holostomata.

7. DiPLOSTOMA BREVICAUDATUM, Diesiug.

D. brevicaudatum, Diesing.

Holostomum brevicaudatum,, Nordmann, Gescheidt, Dujardin.
Hab. Found by Nordmann free in the vitreous humour of Barbus
communis.

8. DiPLOSTOMA GRANDE, Diesing.
D. grande, Diesing, Revis. p. 14.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in the intestines of Ardea Leuce and
A. Agami.

We are surely entitled to regard this species as an adidt form, after
consulting Diesing's description and figures as given in his ' Neunzehn

DR. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIB^i;. 51

Arten von Trematoden.' It must be allowed that the large elliptical
orange-coloured eggs would scarcely be expected in a larval Holostome !

Genus 17. Ehopalophoeus. {Diesing.)

1. Rhopalophorus coronatus, Diesing.
jR. coronatus, Diesing, Revis. p. 53.

Hab. Found by Natterer at Matogrosso in the stomach and intestines
of Didelphis cancrivora, D. Myosurus, D. Guica, and D. palmata.

2. Rhopalophorus horridus, Diesing.
R. horridus, Diesing, Revis. p. 53.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Didelphis Myosurus in May, and in D.
Philander in September at Ypanema.

Genus 18, Amphistoma. {Budol^hi.)
A. In corpore mammalhim.

1. Amphistoma conicum, Rudolphi.

A. conicum, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Gurlt, Nitzsch, Laurer, Creplin,
Diesing, Miram, Dujardin, Blanchard.

Monostoma conicum, Zeder.

Fasciola hepatica, Miiller. '

F, Elaphi, Gnielin.

F. Cervi, Schrank.

Festucaria Cervi, Zeder.

Hab. Infests various ruminants, having been found by Rudolphi, Dauben-
ton, Gurlt, Miram, Treutler, Zeder, Bremser, Creplin, Nitzsch, Siebold,
Natterer, and others, in the following : — Bos Taurus, B. T. indicus,

B. urus, Cervus Elaphus, C. Capreolus, C. alces, C. dama, C. campestris,

C. dichotomus, C. rufus, C. Nambi, C. simplicornis, Antilope Dorcis,
Capra Aries, and C. Hircus.

2. Amphistoma explanatum, Creplin.
A. explanatum, Creplin.

Hab. Found by Giult in the hepatic ducts and gall-bladder of Bos
Taurus indicus.

3. Amphistoma crumeniferum, Creplin.
A. crumeniferum, Creplin.

Hab. Found by Gurlt in the rumen of Bos Taurus indicus.

4. Amphistoma PYRiFORME, Diesing.
A. pyriforme, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the ca:cum of Tapirus americanus in March
and September.

5. Amphistoma asperum, Diesing.
A. asperum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the ciccum of Tapirus umcricavus with the
above.

4*

52 DB. T. s. cobbold's synopsis of the distomid^.

6. Amphistoma giganteum, Diesing.
A. gigaMeum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hub. Found by Natterer iu the caecum of Dicotyles torquatus and D.
albirostris in July and August.

7- Amphistoma fabaceum, Diesing.
A. fabaceum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the caecum of Manatus exunguis in January
and April.

8. Amphistoma emarginatum, Diesiug.
A. emarginatum, Diesiug, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Cebus trivirgatus.

9. Amphistoma suBTRiauETRUM, Rudolphi.

A. subtriquetriim, Rudolphi, Bojanus, Westrumb, Bremser, Diesing,
Dujardin.

Distoma amphistomoides, Bojanus.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Bremser, Bojanus, and Walter in the intes-
tines of Castor Fiber.

10. Amphistoma Conus, Cobbold,

A. tru7icatum, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Diesing, Dujardin.

Distoma Conus, Creplin, Dujardin, Wagener, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Rudolphi, Creplin, Siebold and Wagener in Felis Catus ;

by Rudolphi and Otto in Phoca vitulina ; by Giesecke in P. gran-

landica; by Creplin in Canis Vulpes.

B. In cor pore avium.

1. Amphistoma unciforme, Rudolphi.

A. unciforme, Rudolphi, Westrumb, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Oriolus {Icterus) cristatus.

2. Amphistoma Hirudo, Diesiug.
A. Hirudo, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the caecum of Palamedea cornuta.

3. Amphistoma lunatum, Diesing.
A. lunatum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab, Found by Natterer in Brazil in the caecum oi Anas melanotus, A.
Ipecutiri, A. moschata, and Himantopus Wilsoni.

C. In corpore reptilium.

1. Amphistoma scleroporum, Creplin.
A. scleroporum, Creplin, Diesing.

Hab. Found by Otto in the stomach and intestines of Halichelys atra.

2. Amphistoma grande, Diesing.
A grande, Diesing, Dujardin.

A. (?) Ckelonice imhricata;, Bellingham ; Diesiug, Revis. p. n4.

DR. T. S. COBBOLD's SYNOPSIS OF THE DISTOMIDJE. 53

Hab. Found by Natterer in the stomach and intestines of Chelys fimbri-
ata, Phrynops Geoffroyanus, P. gibbus, P. Miliusii, Peltocephalus Du-
merilianus, Podocnemis erythrocephala, P. expansa, P. Tracaxa, and
Rhinemys nasuta ; by Belhngham in Chelonia imbricata.

3. Amphistoma subclavatum, Rudolphi.

A. subclavatum, Rudolphi, Zeder, Nitzsch, Westrumb, Bremser, Dujar-
din, Blanchard, Siebold, Filippi, Pagensteehei ; Van Beneden, Mem.
sur les Vers lutest. p. 81.

A. miguiculatum, Rudolphi, Westrumb.

Diplodiscus subclavatus, Diesing, Siebold, Creplin, Leidy, Wagener.

D. unguiculaUis, Diesing, Revis. p. 56.

Distoma subclavatum, Zeder.

Fasciola subclavata, Schrank.

Planaria subclavata, Goeze.

Hirudo Tuba, Braun,

In statu larvae et Sporotherii.

Diplocotyle mutabilis, Diesing, Revis. der Myzelminth. p. 56, et Revis.
der Cere. p. 36.

Diplodiscus, Wagener.

D. Diesingii, Filippi.

Cercaria Diesingii, Moulinie.

C. diplocotylea, Pagensteeher.

Hab. Infests the intestines of various frogs. It has been found by
Goeze, Zeder, Rudolphi, Bremser, Creplin, Filippi, Pagensteeher, and
others in Pelophylax esculentus, Rana temporaria, Dendrohyas viridis,
Phryne vulgaris, Bufo viridis, Bombinator igneus, and Lissotriton
punctatus ; by Natterer in Brazil in Leptodactylus sibilatrix ; by Leidy
in Rana pipiens at Philadeljihia, U.S. The larvae have been found
by Filippi and Pagensteeher free on the surface of the body of Pla-
norbis nitidus, P. vortex, and P. marginatus ; by Van Beneden in
various species of Cyclas.

D. In corjjore jpiscium.

1. Amphistoma Nattereri, Cobbold.
A. Cornu, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in Callichthys {Cataphractus or
Doras) vacu.

In Diesing's Systema Helminthum there are three Trematodes described
respectively under the titles of Monostoma Cornu, Amphistoma Cornu, and
Holostoma Cornu !

2. Amphistoma megacotyle, Diesing.
A. megacotyle, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Ageneiosus miiitaris.

3. Amphistoma Ferrum-eouinum, Diesing.

54 DE. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS OP THE DISTOMIB.Ti;.

A. Ferrum-equinum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hah. Found by Natterer in Brazil in Doras {Cataphractus) inurica and
D. corone.

4. Amphistoma cylindricum, Diesing.
A. cylindricum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Doras murica.

5. Amphistoma attenuatum, Diesing.
A. attenuatum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in the intestines of Miletes bidens.

6. Amphistoma oxycephalum, Diesing.
A. oxycephalum, Diesing, Dujardin.

Hab. Found by Natterer in Brazil in Silurus [Pimelodus) megacephalus,
Salminius brevidens, Miletes aureus, and M. bidens.

Genus 19. Amphipttches. {Gruhe et Wagener.)

1. Amphiptyches Urna, Grube et Wagener.
A. Urna, Diesing, Revis. p. 55.

Oyrocotyle amphijAyches, Wagener.

Hub. Found by Grube and Wagener attached to the branchiae and in
the intestines of Chimcera monstrosa, in July, at Nice.

2. Amphiptyches rugosa, Cobbold.

Gyrocotyle rugosa, Diesing, Wagener, Archiv. fur Naturg. 1858, p. 247.
Hab. Found by Gueinzius at Port Natal in the large intestines of An-
tilope pygargus.

Ordo generum et sjjecierutn prcecedentiiwi.

1. Fasciola : hepatica ; gigantea.

2. Campula : oblonga.

3. DiSTOMA ; In corpore mammalium : — lanceolatum ; crassum (Buskii) ;
heterophyes; ophthalmobium ; Lancea ; rubens ; tenuicolle; orbicu-
lare ; chilostomum ; Lima ; flexuosum ; pusillum ; rude ; acutuin ;
Soccus ; laciniatum ; truncatum ; instabile ; heteroporum ; Blan-
chardii (linguseforme) ; conjunctum ; Gohath ; Elephantis ; Putorii ;
Soricis ; recurvum ; migrans.

In corpore avium : — ovatum ; cuneatum ; marginatum ;

hians ; complanatum ; Leidyi (dubium) ; PoutaUiei ; (cladocalium) ;
eucumerinum ; delicatulum ; heterostomum ; dimorphum ; globulus ;
lucipetum ; holostomura ; fuscatum ; concavum ; Lingua ; macrou-
rum ; oxyurum ; oxycephalum ; Lmeola ; grande ; deflectens ; albi-
colle ; elegans ; nanum ; cirratum ; maculosum ; globocaudatum ;
triangulare ; involutum ; micrococcum ; cochleainforme ; Diesingii
(Cochlear) ; macrostoraum ; mesostomum ; caudale ; fcquale ; brevi-
coUe ; minutum; Arenula; Filum ; arcuatum ; Collurionis ; dathratum ;
commutatum ; xanthosonuim ; crassiusculum.

DR. T. S. COBBOLd's SYNOPSIS 01" THE DISTOMID^. 55

Distoma: Incorpore reptilium: — cygnoides; clavigerum; crystallinum;
cylindraceum ; variegatum ; endolobum ; tetracystis ; retusum ; Wedlii
(Pelophylacis) ; diffusocalciferura ; acervocalciferum ; crassicolle ; Lin-
guatula ; cymbiforme ; longicollis (Naja) ; Bosci (Colubri) ; monas ;
mentulatum; repandum ; Clava ; gelatinosum ; pyxidatura; irrora-
tum ; allostomum ; anectum ; Assula ; sigaatum ; incivile ; horridum.

In corpore piscium : — appendiculatum ; tereticolle; clavatum ;

globiporum ; carnosum; dendriticum ; tubulatum ; pulchellum; iu-
cisum ; transversale ; tumidulum ; caudiporum ; rufoviride ; grandi-
porum ; polymorphum ; Folium ; seriale ; divergens ; fasciatum ; ful-
vum ; Miilleri (^glefini) ; microcephalum ; clmostomum (gracile) ;
longum ; insigne ; megastomum ; obesura ; varicum ; reflexum ; ex-
cisum ; microcotyle ; anonj'mum ; Calceolus; macropoculum (macro-
cotyle) ; auriculatuin ; rachion ; sinuatum ; veliporum ; pallens ;
areolatum ; capitellatiim ; microstomum ; soleaeforme ; hyalinum ;
rosaceum ; embryo ; inflexum ; granulum ; pachysomum ; incomtum ;
Genu ; ventricosum ; baccigerum ; labiatum ; apertum ; microsomum ;
affine ; ocreatum ; tornatum ; Gigas ; torulosum ; tubarium ; filiforme ;
Raynerianum ; punctum ; annuligerum ; fractum ; gibbosum ; fur-
catum ; distichum ; binode ; angulatum ; receptaculura (Labracis) ;
Dujardinii (Solefe) ; contortum ; nigro-flavum ; perlatum ; atomoii ;
luteum ; homostomum.

In corpore animalium evertebratorum : — isostomum ; Koelli-

kerii (Pelagiae) ; megacotyle ; geniculatura.

4. BiLHARZiA : haematobia; magna.

5. Koellikeria: filicollis.

6. Crossodera ; nodulosum; campanula; laureatum ; papillosum;
lineare.

7. EcHiNOSTOMA : In covpore mammal'mm : — trigonocephalum ; acan-
tlioides ; spiculator; incrassatum.

In corpore avium : — echinatum ; militare ; echinocephalum ;

dilatatum ; uncinatura ; leptosomum ; bilobum ; serratum ; apicula-
tum ; cinctum ; ferox ; nephrocephalum ; Baculus ; spinulosum ; den-
ticulatum.

In corpore piscium : — annulatum ; Pristis; hispidum ; fal-

lax; scabrum ; cristatnm ; Dujardinii.

8. Gasterostoma : — fimbriatum ; minimum ; gracilescens ; armatum.

9. Wedlia : — bipartita; Faba.

10. MoNosTOMA : — In corpore mammalium : — lentis ; squammula; Hip-
pocrepis; Kuhnii (Leporis) ; Noctulae (Vespertilionis) ; ocreatum;
Blainvillei (Delphini) ; plicatura.

In corpore avium : — mutabile ; flavum ; attenuatum ; alvea-

tum ; lanccolatum ; cymbrium ; expansum ; prismaticum ; ventrico-
sum; crenulatum ; maerostomum.

56 DB. T. S. C0B130LD's SYNOPSIS Or THE DISTOMIDJE.

MoNOSTOMA : In corpore reptilium: — ellipticutn; sulcatum; orna-
tum ; Histrix ; trigonocephalum ; delicatulum ; spirale ; renicapite
(nephrocephalum) ; moUe; incommodum; Gurltii.

In corpore piscium : — foliaceum ; capitellatum ; orbiculare ;

liguloideum ; constrictum ; praemorsum ; Filum ; galeatum ; echino-
stomum ; caryophyllinum ; Braunii (Muraenulse) ; cochleariforme ;
Wedlii (Rhombi) ; gracile ; dubium.

11. Nematobothrium : — filarina.

12. CoDONOCEPHALUS : — mutabilis.

13. EusTEMMA : — Caryopbyllum.

14. HoLOSTOMA : In corpore avium : — variabile ; Lageiia ; serpens;
tennicolle ; Bellinghamii (Falconum) ; Sphferula ; Westrumbii (sphae-
rocephalum) ; microstomum ; dubium (Corones) ; Cornu ; longicoUe ;
gracile ; erraticum ; platycephalum ; variegatum ; multilobum (cor-
nutum) ; crenulatum (Anatis).

In corpore reptilium : — nitidum.

In corpore piscium : — Clavus.

15. Hemistoma : In corpore mammalium: — alatum ; cordatum ; cla-
thratum ; pedatum.

In corpore avium : — Spathula ; podomorphum ; auritum ;

denticulatum ; commutatum ; trilobum ; spathaceum ; excavatum.

16. DiPLOSTOMA: — rhachiseum ; cla%'atum ; craniarium ; Miilleri (Petro-
myzi) ; cuticola ; volvens ; brevicaudatum ; grande.

17. Rhopalophorus : — coronatus; horridus.

18. Amphistoma : In corpore mammalium: — conicum; explanatum ;
crumeniferum ; pyriforme ; asperum ; giganteum ; fabaceum ; emar-
ginatum ; subtriquetrum ; Conus (truncatum).

In corpore avium : — unciforme ; Hirudo ; lunatum.

In corpore reptilium : scleroporum ; grande ; subclavatum.

In corpore piscium : — Nattereri ; megacotyle ; Ferrum-equi-

num ; cylindricum ; attenuatum ; oxycephalum.

19. Amphiptyches : — Urna ; rugosa.

[Note. — Since the above was written, I have received Diesing's " Nach-
tr'dge und Verbesserungen zur Revision der Myzelminfhen," in which a few
additional forms are indicated. The publication of this Synopsis having
already been accidentally delayed, I have added only one species {Gastero-
stoma armatum), as this could be effected without materially altering the
type. I may observe that Diesing provisionally places the singular genus
Nematobothrium among the Monostomata ; its characters, however, are so
distinctive, that I see no reason to doubt the propriety of Van Beneden's
arrangement. — T. S. C]

MR. smith's descriptions OP HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS. 57

Descriptions of New Species of Hymenopterous Insects collected
by Mr. A. R. "Wallace at Celebes. By Frederick Smith, Esq.,
Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum.
Communicated by "W. W. Saunders, Esq., E.R.S., V.P.L.S.

[Read November 3, 1859.]

The present paper contains descriptions of upwards of 100 species
of Hymenoptera new to science, which form part of the second
collection made by Mr. Wallace at Celebes. Perhaps the most
interesting species described belongs to the genus DoUchurus, a
genus which previously contained only a single species, and that
■indigenous to Europe ; the discovery of a second may be regarded
as one of the most valuable additions which Mr. Wallace has made
to this order of insects. The addition of a new species to the
genus Metlioca is also extremely interesting ; of the previously
known species, one is European, a second from Cuba, a third from
Canada, and a fourth from Northern India, showing the extensive
geographical range of this rare genus of solitary Heterogyna.

The two collections of Hymenoptera from Celebes contain no
less than 164 new species, a number far exceeding that which I
have found in any similar collection, made in any part of the New
World.

Fam. AULACIDiE, Slmch

1. Trygonalys pictifrons. T. nitidus, niger, distincte pmictatus ;
capite pedibusque albo maculatis ; alis hyalinis, apice fuscis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; head and thora.K with coarse, shallow,
confluent punctures ; the mesothorax with two oblique longitudinal
impressed lines, which enclose, in the middle, one-third of the disk, the
lateral portions being irregularly striated longitudinally ; the scutellum
with a central depression, the metathorax rounded. The face with an
ovate spot outside the insertion of the antennae, two at the base of the
clypeus, and an oblong one at the inner margin of the mandibles,
white ; the head a little wider than the thorax. Thorax : the
tubercles, the anterior tibife in front, and the intermediate and pos-
terior pairs at their base, white ; wings hyaline and iridescent, with a
dark fuscous cloud at the apex, commencing at the stigma. Abdo-
men shining, more finely punctured than the head and thorax, the
base with a central longitudinal depression ; beneath, more delicately
and not quite so closely punctured.

Male. Length .'i| lines. Closely resembles the female, but rather more
finely punctured ; the extreme base of the femora and apex of the
trochanters are pale, there is also a pale spot on each side of the scu-
tellum and of the postscutelhnn ; the second segment of the abdomea
LINN. PHOC— ZOOLOGV, SUPPLEMENT. 5

58 MR. smith's descbiptions or hymenoptekoxjs ikseots

has an ovate spot on each siile at its apical margin, and the third
segment a very minute one ; beneath, the apical margin of the second
segment is produced into a stout, obtuse, flattened spine.
Hub. Makassar.

Fam. EVANIAD^, Ledch.
Gen. EvANiA, Fabr.

1. EvANiA STRIATA. Tota nigra; facie argeuteo-sericea ; thorace
punctato.

Female. Length 3i lines. Black ; the clypeus and lower portion of
the cheeks longitudinally strongly striated, and covered with glittering
cinereous pubescence ; the antennae longer than the body and ob-
scurely fulvous beneath. Thorax coarsely punctm-ed ; the sides and
truncated portion of the metathorax covered with cinereous pubes-
cence ; the anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi as well as the
apical portion of the anterior femora rufo-testaceous ; the vrings hya-
line and iridescent, the ner\TU-es black ; the lower posterior angle of
the marginal cell rounded. Abdomen : the petiole two-thirds of the
length of the thorax, the base striated.

Hab. Makassar.

G-en. FoENATOPUS, Smith.

The head globose ; the antennre elongate, half the length of the body.
The prothorax elongated into a narrow neck ; the wings with an
angulated marginal cell, the submarginal and discoidal cells obsolete ;
the posterior tibiae incrassate, with two or three stout teeth beneath,
which have a number of finer denticulations between them. Abdo-
men elongate ; the first segment formed into a long petiole.

This genus is characterized and formed for the reception of
tliose species of Megischus in which the submarginal and discoidal
cells are obsolete ; all the species possess the characters of the
genus Megischus, differing only in the neuration of the wings.
Mr. Westwood described a species of this subdivision in his mono-
graph of the family, uJider the name Megischus indicus. I am
acquainted with six or seven species, inhabitants of Malacca,
Borneo, and Port Natal.

1. FcENATOPUS KUFICEPS. F. nigcr ; capite ferrugineo; thorace abdo-
minisque segmento primo rugosis ; femoribus posticis denticulo
armatis ; alls hyalinis.

Female. Length 6A lines, the ovipositor 5^ lines. Black ; the head
red, the vertex and clypeus black ; the front and the vertex rugose ;
the cheeks smooth and shining. Thorax coarsely rugose ; the ante-
rior and intermediate legs ferruginous, with the base of the tibiae and
first joint of the tarsi white ; the wings hyaline ; the posterior femora

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 59

armed with three stout teeth, which have a number of small ones
between them ; the tibiae reddish outside ; the tarsi pale testaceous,
with the claw-joint rufo-fuscous.
Hub. Makassar.

Gen. Megischxjs, BrulU.

1. Megischus ducalis, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. iii.
Hab. Celebes; Java.

Fam. ICHNEUMONIDiE, Leack.

Gen. Ichneumon, Zinn.

1. Ichneumon insularis. /. niger; antennis medio scutelloque et
abdominis apice albis ; alis subhyalinis.

Male. Length 4^ lines. Black and shining ; the anterior and interme-
diate legs dark rufo-piceous ; the coxae and articulations pale testa-
ceous ; the antennae white in the middle. The wings slightly coloured,
with the nervures dark fuscous; the scutellum white. Abdomen
finely and closely punctured, the apical margins of the segments rufo-
piceous, the apex white.

Hab. Makassar.

2. Ichneumon pr^datoriu.s. I. rufescenti-flavus ; alis hyalinis;
tibiis posticis fuscis.

Length 5i lines. Pale ferruginous, beneath yellowish ; the antennae
white above in the middle; the posterior tarsi fuscous; the wings
hyahne and iridescent, the nervures ferruginous; smooth, shining,
and impimctate ; the metathorax with two short spines.

Hab. Makassar.

3. Ichneumon ephippium. /. ferrugineus ; capitis vei'tice, meso-
thorace, tarsisque posticis nigris.

Female. Length 6 lines. Fen-uginous, with the vertex and mesothorax
black ; the orbits of the eyes, the face, mandibles, and body beneath,
luteo-testaceous ; the palpi paler ; the antennae fuscous, with several
joints towards the apex white above. The mesothorax smooth and
shining; the metathorax traversed by six longitudinal carinae, the
inner division on each side crossed in the middle by a transverse one,
the enclosed spaces rugose ; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the
nervures testaceous ; the posterior tarsi black.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Tbogus, Ch'av.

\. Trogus brunneipennis. T. niger, opacus ; antennis pedibusque

obscure ferrugineis ; alis fuscis, stigmate nigro.
Length 9 lines. Black, finely shagreened, and subopake ; the face,

scape in front, and the anterior legs in front, pale testaceous-yellow ;

5*'

00 MK. smith's descriptions of htmenopteeotjs insects

the flagellum fulvous beneath ; the mandibles, palpi, and cheeks tes-
taceous; the intermediate legs in front and the posterior tibiae in
fi'ont rufo-testaceous, the coxae and trochanters more obscure ; the
wings fuscous ; the scutellum very convex and obscure rufo-testaceous.
Abdomen : the three apical segments finely punctured and shining ;
the apical margins of the segments narrowly rufo-piceous.
Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Mesostenus, BrulU.

1. Mesostenus insidiator. M. niger ; capite thoraceque flavo
variis ; pedibus ferrugineis flavo lavatis ; segmentis abdominalibus
flavo marginatis ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 10 lines. Black and shining; the orbits of the eyes,
the clypeus, mandibles, and a spot on the scape of the antennae,
yellow ; the joints of the antennae, from the fourth to the fifteenth,
white. Thorax : the posterior margin of the prothorax, two large
spots beneath the wings, two on the metathorax above, the scutellum,
postscutellum, and a large patch on each side, as well as the tegulae,
yellow; the legs pale ferruginous, the anterior femora beneath, the
tibiae in front, the intermediate and posterior tibiae and tarsi, as well
as the coxae, yellowish-white; the posterior coxae black beneath.
Abdomen : the basal segment forming a smooth shining petiole, the
two following segments opake, and the rest shining black, the five
basal segments margined with yellow ; the ovipositor one-third longer
than the body.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Trtphon, Orav.

1. Tryphon lutorius. T. niger, luteo varius; alis hyalinis iridescen-
tibus.

Length 6^ lines. Black ; the scape, tibiae, tarsi, tegulae, scutellum, and
three basal segments of the abdomen, luteous ; the flagellum fulvous
beneath and fuscous above ; the anterior and intermediate coxae and
trochanters luteous ; the anterior femora luteous, with a dark stain
behind ; the intermediate femora luteous at their base and apex ; the
wings hyaline, faintly clouded towards their apex ; the body smooth
and shining, with the sides of the metathorax covered with cinereous
pubescence.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Cryptijs, Fahr.

1. Cryptus opacus. C. niger; antennis medio albis; alis fuscis, apice
albo ; pedibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length 5? lines. Black and opake, with the basal segment of
the abdomen shining. The clypeus, a heart-shaped spot above it, and
the joints of the antennae above from the seventh to the eleventh,
white. Thorax coarsely rugose ; the scutellum with a white spot at

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 61

its apex ; wiugs dark brown, with their tips white ; the legs ferrugi-
nous, with the posterior coxae fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, the
petiole shining black, the following segments opake, the apical one
white.
Hab. Makassar.

2. Cryptus spoliator. C. niger; abdominis marginibus, fasciis
albis ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 6^ lines. Black; the head with a number of deep
striae on the front between the ocelli and the insertion of the antennae ;
the clypeus, labrum, mandibles and palpi pale testaceous. Thorax :
the sides and the metathorax, except its base, striated, the latter
transversely so ; a pale testaceous spot on the scutellum and post-
scutellum, a larger spot on each side of the latter, and the mai-gin of
the truncation of the metathorax, pale testaceous-yellow ; wings hya-
line, faintly coloured towards their apex; the anterior and interme-
diate legs pale testaceous, and stained with brown above ; the poste-
rior legs dark fusco-ferruginous, with the tarsi white, except the base
of the first joint ; the three basal segments margined with white, the
apical one entirely so. The abdomen pale beneath and sjtotted with
black ; the ovipositor the same length as the abdomen.

Hab. Makassar.

3. Cryptus albo-pictus. C. niger; metathorace bispinoso ; anten-
nis medio scutelloque et abdominis fasciis tribus albis ; alis hyalinis
fusco fasciatis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Black ; the antennae in the middle, the an-
terior and intermediate coxae, their trochanters, a spot on the poste-
rior coxae, and a fascia on the apical margin of the first and second
segments of the abdomen, as well as the apical segment above, white ;
the metathorax rugose, and with a transverse carina near its base, the
spines on each side pale testaceous ; the wings hyaline, the anterior
pan- with a transverse fuscous fascia, their tips also fuscous ; the pos-
terior tibiae with a white spot at their base ; the anterior pair with a
white line in front.

Hab. Makassar.

4. Cryptus variegatus. C. niger; antennis medio tarsisque posti-
cis albis ; capite, thoi-ace abdomiueque flavo variegatis ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Black ; the inner orbit of the eyes, the front
below the antennae, the cheeks and mandibles, ochraceous. Thorax :
the margin of the prothorax, a central spot on the mesothorax, the
tegulte, the scutellum, postscutellum, the apex of the metathorax and
two spots at its base, the legs, and three spots on the sides of the
thorax, ochraceous ; the wings hyaline and iridescent ; the poste-
rior tarsi white, with the claw-joint and tip of the fourth black.
Abdomen : the apical margin of all the segments with an ochraceous
fascia ; the ovipositor shorter than the abdomen.

Hab, Makassar.

62 MR. smith's descbiptions of hymenopteeous insects

5. Cryptus PETIOLA.TUS. C nigcr ; antennis medio albis; thorace
pedibusque flavo variegatis ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 4 3 lines. Black, smooth and shining; the anterior
margin of the clypeus, the mandibles, palpi, the anterior and inter-
mediate legs, the tegulse, scutellum, postscutellum, the apical margin
of the first and second segments, and the apical segment entirely,
yellow; the eighth to the twelfth joints of the antennae white; the
wings hyahue and u-idescent. The abdomen petiolated.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. IscHNOCERUS, Grav.

1. IscHNOCERUS MACULiPENNis. /. niger ; abdomine longitudinaUter
striato ; pedibus ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, fasciis duabus fuscis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black ; the head and thorax coarsely punc-
tured. The abdomen longitudinally irregularly striated. Anteimae
fusco-ferruginous ; the palpi testaceous. Wings hyaline ; the anterior
pair with a broad dark -brown fascia, which extends from the middle of
the stigma nearly to the apex of the marginal cell, a narrower fascia
crosses the wings at the apex of the extemo-medial cell ; the tips of
the posterior wings brown ; the legs ferruginous, with the coxae and
claw-joint of the tarsi black.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Metopius, Panz.

1. Metopius crassipes. M. niger, rude punctatus et flavo variega-
tus ; pedibus i*ufo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, apice fuscatis ; abdomine
flavo subinterrupte fasciato.

Length 6 lines. Black, and coarsely punctm-ed ; the front yellow, with
a fuscous stain in the middle ; the antennae obscurely fulvous beneath ;
the scape yellow in front. Thorax : the wings hyaline, with a fuscous
cloud extending from the middle of the marginal cell to the apex of
the wings, the nerwu'es dark brown ; the legs rufo-testaceous, with
the anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi yellow; the posterior
coxae and base of the femora dark rufo-fuscous, also the claw-joint
of the tarsi fuscous ; the posterior legs incrassate. Abdomen yellow
beneath ; the three basal segments with narrow interrupted yellow
marginal fasciae.

Hab. Makassar.

* Gen. Gltpta, Grew.

1. Glypta MACULIPENNIS. G. nigra ; capite nitido ; pedibus abdo-
mineque fasciis fen-ugineis ; alis hjalinis, maculis duabus fuscis.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black; the head smooth and shining; the
clypeus, labrum, and a broad stripe behind the eyes luteo-testaceous ;
the antennae setaceous, of a yellowish-white, the ninth, tenth, and three
apical joints black ; the scape luteous in front and fusco-ferruginous

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 63

above. Thorax rugose ; the sides and beneath covered with cine-
reous pubescence ; the mesothorax with a smooth shining space on
each side ; the scutellum, and a subquadrate space on each side of the
nietathorax above, shining ; the legs ferruginous ; the anterior and
intermediate tibiae in front and the posterior pair at their base yel-
lowish-white ; the posterior tarsi white and the tibiae fuscous : the
wings hyaline ; the anterior pair with a transverse fuscous spot in the
middle, and a second spot halfway between that and the apex of the
wing, which is slightly clouded. Abdomen : the three basal segments
finely rugose, with deep transverse waved depressions ; the first and
second with the basal half ferruginous, the third narrowly and ob-
scurely so ; the following segments smooth, with their apical margins
more or less white.
Hab. Makassar.

2. Glypta iRiDiPENNis. G. capitc thoraceque nigris; pedibus ab-
domineque pallide ferrugineis ; alls hyaliuis et pulcherrime irides-
centibus.

Female. Length 5| lines. The head and thorax black ; abdomen and
legs pale ferruginous. Head smooth and shining ; the scape of the
antennae, the clypeus, mandibles and palpi pale ferruginous ; the
flagellum fulvous beneath. The thorax opake ; the posterior margin
of the prothorax, the tegulae, scutellum, and legs, of a reddish-yellow ;
the wings hyaline and iridescent. Abdomen pale ferruginous; the
second, third, and fourth segments with a longitudinal oblique im-
pressed line on each side; the ovipositor the same length as the
abdomen.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. PiMPLA, Fabr.

1. PiMPLA INFIRMA. P. rufesceuti-flava ; antennis et ovipositore ni-
gris ; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis.

Female. Length 7| lines. Of a reddish-yellow ; the legs paler than the
body; the antennae ferruginous beneath. Thorax smooth and shining;
the mesothorax with two longitudinal impressed lines ; wings flavo-
hyaline, the apical margins with a broad dark- fuscous border, the
nervures pale ferruginous. Abdomen subopake and closely punc-
tured ; the second and three following segments with a strongly im-
pressed curved line ; the apical margins of the fourth and fifth seg-
ments narrowly black.

Hab. Makassar.

2. PiMPLA UNICOLOR. P. flavo-rufa ; antennis apice fuscis ; alis hya-
linis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Reddish-yellow ; the head, anterior and in-
termediate legs, as well as the posterior tibiae and the scape of the
antennae, yellow ; the apical portion of the antennae fuscous. Wings

64 MR. smith's DESCltlPTIONS OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

hyaline, with the nervines fuscous, becoming pale ferruginous at the
base of the wings ; legs incrassate. Abdomen : the segments witli
strong transverse impressed lines ; the ovipositor short and black.

Huh. Makassar.

'S. PiMPLA INSOLENS. P. flavo-ferruginca ; vertice strigisque tribus
mesothoracis nigris ; abdomine nigro, marginibus apicalibus segmen-
torum flavo fasciatis.

Female. Length 5 ^ lines. Reddish-yellow ; the head behind, and a spot
enclosing the ocelli, black ; a fuscous spot ou the clypeus, and a pro-
minent tubercle below the insertion of the antennae. Thorax beneath,
the sides, the base of the metathorax and three longitudinal stripes on
the mesothorax, black ; the scutellum elevated, with an acute tubercle
at its base ; the coxae and femora beneath black, or dark rufo-fuscous ;
the wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen nigro-piceous,
with the apical margins of the segments flavo-testaceous ; the abdomen
thinly covered with a fine silky cinereous pile.

Huh. Makassar.

4. PiMPLA MODESTA. P. ferruginca J antennis et vertice nigris ; alis
hyalinis.

Female. Length 5\ hues. Ferruginous; the vertex and antennae black, the
face and thorax yellowish. Thorax : the wings hyaline, the nervures
black, becoming yellowish at the base of the wings. Abdomen finely
punctured, the two apical segments smooth and shining ; the ovipo-
sitor black, and half the length of the body.

Hah. Celebes.

5. PiMPLA viRiDiPENNis. P. capite, thoraee, pedibus anticis et in-
termediis, femoribus posticis ferrugineis ; alis fuscis, cupreo submi-
cantibus.

Male. Length 6 lines. Head, thorax, and legs ferruginous, the posterior
tibiae and tarsi fuscous ; wings brown with a coppery efiiilgence ; the
antennae fusco-ferruginous, with the scape ferruginous in front. The
head and thorax smooth and shining, the abdomen closely punctured
and subopake ; margins of the segments constricted.

Var. a. The basal segment of the abdomen red.

Hah. Makassar.

Gen. Anomalon, Grav.

1. Anomalon falcator. A. nigrum; abdomine pedibusque rufo-
ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis.

Length 7i lines. Head, thorax and antennae black ; the inner orbit of
the eyes, a line behind them, the face and scape in front, reddish
vellow ; the flagellum black ; the abdomen and legs ferruginous, the
anterior legs yellowish. The thorax rugose ; the metathorax produced
at the apex, forming a blunt tubercle, which has a cavity above, in which
the abdomen is inserted.

Huh. Makassar. •

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 65

Fam. BRACONID^, Westw.
Gen. Bbacon, Fabr.

1. Bracon deceptor. B. flavo-rufus ; antennis, pedibus posticis et
abdominis dimidio posteriore nigris ; alis fuscis, dimidio basali flavo-
hyaliiiis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the head, thorax, anterior and inter-
mediate legs, the posterior femora and basal half of the abdomen, of a
reddish yellow; the scape ferruginous. Thorax shining; the wings
with the basal half flavo-hyaline, the apical poition brown, with a
transverse hyaline spot at the base of the stigma ; the posterior tibisB
and tarsi black and pubescent. Abdomen : the basal segment with
two deeply impressed longitudinal lines ; the two following segments
with oblique lines, the space between which is obliquely striated from
the centre, on the thiid segment not continued to the apical margin ;
the following segments smooth and shining.

2. Bracon bellicosus. B. capite, thorace, pedibus anticis et femoribus
intermediis ferrugineis ; metathorace supra nigro ; ahs nigro-fuscis.

Female. Length 7 hues. Black ; the head, scape, the anterior legs,
the intermediate femora, and the pro- and mesothorax ferruginous ;
the wings dark fuscous with a small hyaline spot below the angle of
the first submarginal cell. Abdomen : the first and second segments
and the basal half of the third strongly sculptured with central and
lateral oblique deeply impressed lines ; the posterior legs densely
pubescent ; the ovipositor the length of the insect.

Hab. Makassar.

3. Bracon combustus. B. capite, thorace, pedibus anterioribus et
intermediis ferrugineis ; alis fuscis ; metathorace nigro ; abdomine
apice pallide ferrugineo.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black ; the head, scape of the antennae, pro-
and meso-thorax, anterior and intermediate legs, and the four apical
segments of the abdomen ferruginous; wings dark fuscous, with a
narrow hyaline streak across the first submaiginal cell ; the posterior
legs dark rufo-fuscous. Abdomen : the three basal segments rugose,
with deep oblique depressions, their apical margins smooth and shi-
ning; the ovipositor nearly twice the length of the insect.

Gen. Cenocceltus, Halid.

\. Cbnoccelius cephalotes. C capite, thorace, pedibus anticis et
intermediis ferrugineis ; metathorace nigro ; alis fuscis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the head, thorax, anterior and inter-
mediate legs, as well as the two basal joints of the antennae, ferruginous ;
the metathorax black ; the palpi pale testaceous ; the antennae with a
fulvous annulus near its apex ; wings fuscous. The head as wide as

66 ME. smith's desceiptions of hymenoptebous insects

the thorax, quadrate, strongly punctured, with the vertex smooth and
shining. Thorax coarsely punctured and produced anteriorly into
elevated tubercles ; the scutellum elevated ; the metathorax coarsely
punctured. Abdomen smooth and shining.

The male exactly agrees with the female in colour and form, but has
more red joints at the base of the antennae, and has no annulus at their
extremity ; the posterior legs are rufo-fuscous.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Agathis, Latr.

1. Agathis penetrans, a. flavo-ferruginea ; antennis nigris; alis
flavo-hyalinis, apice fuseis.

Female. Length 4i lines. Reddish yellow, with the eyes, flagellum,
and ovipositor black ; the scape ferruginous ; the face finely punc-
tured, with a deep fossulet on each side of the clypeus. The thorax
with two oblique lines on the mesothorax, which meet at the base of
the scutellum — between these are two longitudinal grooves ; the scu-
tellum prominent ; the metathorax coarsely reticulated ; the posterior
tibiae and tarsi wanting ; wings yellowish hyaline, slightly fuscous
towards their apex, and brilliantly iridescent, the nervures pale tes-
taceous, the costa ferruginous. Abdomen smooth and shining.

2. Agathis rugifrons. A. nigra ; palpis, pedibus anterioribus et
intermediis ferrugineis ; alis fuseis, basi hyalinis.

Male. Length 31 lines. Black ; the labrum, mandibles, palpi, anterior
and intermediate legs, pale ferruginous ; the face coarsely punctured,
with a deep fossulet on each side of the clypeus ; the vertex and
thorax anteriorly with large, deep punctures ; the metathorax with
three central broad grooves which have a few transverse carinae ; the
sides of the metathorax, and the posterior legs, densely covered
with short glittering hoary pubescence ; the wings fuscous, with their
base hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. The abdomen smooth
and shining.

Fam. CHEYSIDID^, Leach.

Gen. Sttlbum, Spin.

I. Stilbum splendidum, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 170, 1.
Hah. Celebes ;Aru; Java; Bengal; Madagascar; Senegal; Gambia;
Cape of Good Hope, Port Natal.

Gen. Chrtsis, Latr.

1. Chrysis AFRICANS. C. viridi-cyanea, purpureo variegata; capite
thoraceque confertissime punctatis; abdominis segmentis apicalibus
dentibus sex armatis.

Length 5 lines. The head and thorax green, the former with the front
blue and a black stain between the ocelli ; the thorax with dashes of

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 67

blue ; the abdomen blue, with tints of purple ; the head and thorax
coarsely punctured; the abdomen delicately so, the extreme base
strongly punctured; beneath bright metallic green; wings slightly
fuscous ; the apical segment of the abdomen armed with six teeth.
Hab. Makassar.

2. Chrysis obscura. C. viridis, purpureo variegata; capite thora-
ceque confertissime punctulatis, segmentis abdominis dehcatule punc-
tatis, apice sex-dentato ; alis subhyalinis.

Length 5 hues. Green, with shades of blue and blue-black ; beneath
entirely of a brilliant green ; the vertex with a large blue-black ma-
cula, which encloses the ocelli. The prothorax with a transverse black
dash, and three on the mesothorax, the central one crosses the scu-
tellum; the wings fuscous, the marginal cell enclosed. Abdomen
blue-black with the apical margins of the segments bright green, the
apex ai-med with six equal acute teeth ; the postscutellum rounded.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is apparently most closely allied to the C. Schibdtei of
Dahlbom, but it is much less briUiant in colour and has no vestige of
a golden macula on the second segment of the abdomen ; the teeth at
the apex are very different, being of equal size and at equal distance
fi'om each other.

3. Chrysis fumipennis. C. Isete purpurea ; capite thoraceque fortiter,
abdomine delicatule punctatis ; alis fusco-hyalinis.

Length 4| hnes. Opake purple-blue ; the legs and two basal joints of
the antennae bright green; the abdomen green beneath, the vertex
with a large triangular black macula ; the postscutellum produced
into a triangular acute tooth. Abdomen: the segments darkest at
their base ; the apical margin of the terminal segment rounded, and
armed with four minute acute teeth,

Hab. Makassar.

This species is distinguished by a much broader and more depressed form
than is usual in the genus.

4. Chrysis seducta. C. viridis, nitens, cseruleo variegata, puncta-
tissima; ano tridentato.

Length 3^ lines. Opake green ; head and thorax with strong separate
punctures ; the abdomen with much finer confluent punctures ; the
antennae black ; the tarsi fuscous, the basal joint green outside ; the
abdomen beneath and the legs smooth brilliant green ; the wings
hyaline, the nervures brown ; the postscutellum rounded ; the lateral
angles of the metathorax acute. Abdomen : the segments blue-green,
with the apical portion of each bright green, the margin of the apical
one tridentate.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is closely allied to the C. Bohemanni of Dahlbom ; but it is
larger, more robust, and the apical segment of the abdomen is not

68 MR. smith's besceiptions of htmenopteeous insects

acutely angular in the middle, but produced into a distinct acute
tooth.

Gen. HoLOPYGA, DaJdb.

1. HoLOPYGA PURPUREA. H. purpurea, nitens, violaceo variegata; mc-
tathorace crasse punctatissimo ; abdominis margine apicali arcuato,
integerrimo ; alis subhyalinis.

Length 31 lines. Dark blue, with tints of bright purple and green ; the
head, pro-, and mesothorax finely punctured, the prothorax with large
coarse punctures at the sides ; the metathorax with large deep fossulets
at the sides ; wings light brown, with their base hyaline. Abdomen
delicately punctured, smooth and shining ; the body brilliant green
beneath.

Hub. Makassar.

Gen. FoEMiCA, Linn.

1. Formica smaragdina, Fabr. Spec. Ins. p. 488 § .

Hab. Celebes ; Borneo ; Malacca ; Sumatra ; Philippine Islands.

2. Formica pallida. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. vol. ii. p. 57 {worker major).
The insect described in a former paper was the worker (major). The

small worker, and also the female, have been received from Celebes.
The female is of a blackish brown, with the flagellum, prothorax, scu-
tellum, scale of the peduncle, legs, and sides of the thorax pale fer-
ruginous; the wings hyaline, with the nervui'es pale testaceous ; the
apical margins of the segments of the abdomen pale ; the scale of the
peduncle rounded above. The worker minor is pale ferruginous, with
the head a little darker and the abdomen blackish brown ; the head a
little wider than the thorax ; the thorax compressed, and very narrow
behind.
Hab. Celebes; Sarawak.

3. Formica gracilipes. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. vol. ii. p. 55. § •
Hab. Celebes ; Singapore.

4. Formica familiaris. F. rufo-flava, Isevis, nitida; alis subhya-
linis, nervuris pallide testaceis ; abdomine cinereo micante vestito.

Female. Length 4 ^ lines. Entirely of a pale reddish-yellow. Head :
the sides behind the eyes straight ; the posterior angles rounded, the
hinder margin of the vertex slightly emarginate ; the ocelli large and
prominent ; the clypeus and mandibles very smooth and shining, the
latter with a row of black teeth on their inner margin. Thorax ovate,
smooth and shining ; wings subhyaline, the nervures pale testaceous,
the discoidal cells obsolete. Abdomen wider than the thorax, covered
with a thin, changeable, sericeous pile ; the peduncle minute, obliquely
inclined and fitting into a cavity at the base of the abdomen.

Hab. Makassar.

This insect bears a strong resemblance to F.Jlava of Europe.

COLLECTEB AT CELEBFS. 69

Gen. Tapinoma, Foerster.

1. Tapinoma thoracica. T. nigra, subnitida; capite abdomineque
glabris ; thorace rugoso ; antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black and slightly shining ; the antennae
and legs obscure ferruginous. Thorax rugose above, deeply strangu-
lated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter abruptly concave
truncate ; the peduncle of the abdomen inclining forwards, rounded
in front ; flat and oblique behind ; abdomen ovate, produced anteriorly,
and overhanging the peduncle.

Hab, Makassar.

2. Tapinoma nitida. T. nigra, Isevis, nitida; alis hyahnis, nervuris
pallide testaceis.

Female. Length 4% lines. Shining black ; the antennae and the head,
before their insertion, ferruginous. Thorax oblong-ovate ; the legs
dark ferruginous, the tai'si palest ; the wings hyaline, the nervures
pale testaceous ; the discoidal cell triangular. The scale of the pe-
duncle inclining forwards and overhung by the base of the abdomen ;
the latter oblong-ovate, very smooth and shining.

Hab. Makassar.

Gr3U. POLTEHACHIS, Smith.

1. PoLYRHACHLS PHYLLOPHiLUS. P. opacus, uigcr ; thorace spiuis
duabus acutis antice et postice armato ; abdominis squamula spinis
duabus arcuatis armata.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Opake black, with the abdomen of an obscure
rusty red ; the palpi elongate and pale testaceous ; eyes prominent ;
the two carinae on the front, at the sides of which the antennae are
inserted, veiy much elevated and acute. Thorax : the spines on the
prothorax long, acute, and diverging outwards ; the metathorax com-
pressed, the upper surface slightly concave, with the lateral margins
raised, the carinae continued into two long parallel spines which pro-
ject over the peduncle of the abdomen ; the legs slightly shining, de-
stitute of spines and hairs, the calcaria pale. Abdomen obscurely red
and slightly pilose ; the peduncle armed above with two long acute
curved spines, which project over the base of the abdomen.

Hab. Makassar.

2. PoLYRHACHis coMPRESSicoRNis. P. uiger et vestitus pube ci-
nerea ; thorace spinis duabus acutis antice armato ; abdominis squa-
mula spinis duabus brevibus armata ; pedibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length b\ lines. Black and densely clothed with cinereous
pile, which has a silvery brightness in certain lights ; the mandibles
shining black, and longitudinally striated ; the antennae inserted at the
sides of two prominent carinae ; the scape compressed, much broader
than usual, with the apex widest and thinly covered with short pale
glittering pubescence. Thorax : the spines at the lateral angles of

70 ME. smith's descbiptions of htmenoptebous insects

the prothorax short, stout, and acute ; the mesothorax very convex,
with an abbreviated shining carina in the middle anteriorly ; the
metathorax transverse, abruptly truncated, sUghtly concave in the
middle above ; the legs ferruginous, with their articulations and tarsi
fuscous. Abdomen ovate ; the peduncle subtriangular, a stout, short,
acute spine at the lateral angles.
Worker. Length 4i lines. Only differs in having the thorax flattened
above, with the lateral margins slightly raised ; the scape of the an-
tennae compressed, as in the female.

3. PoLYRHACHis RUGiFRONS. P. capitc thoraccquc subopacis; ab-
domine sericeo vestito ; thorace spinis duabus longis acutis antice et
postice armato, squamis bispiuosis.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black ; the head oblong, rugose, and nar-
rowed behind the eyes ; the palpi pale testaceous. Thorax : the pro-
thorax armed on each side with a short, stout, acute spine, directed out-
wards ; the mesothorax with a short abbreviated carina in the middle
anteriorly, where it is rugose ; the metathorax less rugose and with a
fine cinereous pile, at each lateral angle is a short, stout, acute spine,
pointed outwards ; the legs slightly pilose. Abdomen covered with
a fine, shining, changeable silky pile, which has a faint golden lustre ;
the peduncle armed above on each side with a stout, acute, slightly
curved spine which is directed outwards.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is of the same size as, and closely resembles, P. sex-spinosus,
but differs in not having the head armed posteriorly with spines, and
also in the length and direction of the spines on the thorax and pe-
duncle ; it is also much more strongly sculptured. The worker only
differs in having the thorax narrower, the sides being more parallel,
but rather wider anteriorly ; the sculpture is the same, as well as the
pilosity.

4. PoLYRHACHis scuLPTURATUs. P. capitc, thoracc abdomineque
delicatule aciculatis ; thorace spinis duabus elongatis acutis antice
armato ; abdominis squamula spinis duabus longis acutis, utraque
ad basin minute unispinulosa.

Female. Length 4| lines. Black, and very finely striated longitu-
dinally ; the eyes as well as the front of the head prominent ; the man-
dibles shining and longitudinally striated. Thorax short and very
convex above, armed in front with two stout acute spines ; the wings
fusco-hyaline, the nervures rufo -testaceous, the stigma black. The
peduncle of the abdomen with two stout, upright, acute spines ; at the
base of each, outside, is a short minute spine. The entire insect thinly
covered with erect black pubescence, which is most dense on the ab-
domen ; the abdomen has also a thin covering of shorter pale pu-
bescence.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Closely resembling the female, but with

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 71

the thorax flat above, the lateral margins being slightly notched at
the divisions between the pro-, meso- and metathorax ; otherwise hke
the female.
Hab. Makassar.

5. PoLYRHACHis NUDATUS. P. capite thoraceque opacis; abdomine
nitido, laevissimo ; thorace spiuis duabus longis acutis antice et pos-
tice armato ; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black ; the head finely rugose ; the mandi-
bles stout and shining ; the palpi fuscous. Thorax oblong, with two
very stout conical spines in front, which curve obliquely outwards ; the
metathorax has also two similar spines, but rather longer, which diverge
and are bent slightly downwards; the thorax rounded above; the
legs shining black. The peduncle of the abdomen incrassate, quadrate,
and armed above with two stout, long, curved, acute spines, which are
directed backwards, and curve to the shape of the base of the abdomen.

Hab. Makassar.

6. PoLYRHACHis PEREGRiNUS. P. nigcr, pallidc aureo-sericeo ves-
titus ; thorace spinis acutis antice et postice armato ; abdominis squa-
mula spinis duabus longis acutis ad basin minute unispinulosis instructa.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black, and clothed with pale golden silky
pubescence ; anterior margin of the clj'^peus rounded ; mandibles
shining black ; the palpi pale testaceous. Thorax : the prothorax
with two acute spines in front, which are directed outwards; the
metathorax has two longer spines, also pointing obliquely outwards.
Abdomen ovate; the peduncle armed with two long, stout, slightly
curved spines, which have at their base, within, a minute acute spine.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is easily distinguished by the minute spines within the long
lateral ones.

7. PoLYRHACHis VESTiTUS. P. nlgcr, aurco-scriceo vcstitus J thorace
spinis duabus acutis antice armato ; squama integra.

Worker. Length 6 lines. Black, and clothed with a pale golden seri-
ceous pile ; the legs naked ; the mandibles stout, finely striated, the
striae interspersed with punctures ; the front of the head very promi-
nent. Thorax flattened above, the margins acute and slightly raised ;
the pro-, meso- and metathorax separated by strongly marked sutures ;
the prothorax armed at its anterior angles with a stout acute spine,
which is compressed and broad at its base. Abdomen : the peduncle
unarmed, its margin rounded.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is nearly three times the size of P. inermis, which it resem-
bles in form, but is covered with silvery pile.

8. PoLYRHACHis s^vissiMus. P. uigcr, tibiis ferrugineis; thorace
spinis duabus acutis antice et postice armato ; squama subquadrata,
spinis duabus longis curvatis ; abdomine laevigato, nitido.

72 MB. smith's catalogue of htmenopteeous insects

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black, with the abdomen smooth and shi-
ning ; the head and thorax subopake, and thinly covered with cine-
reons pile; mandibles shining black; the palpi pale testaceous.
Thorax armed in front with two stout acute spines, the metathorax
with two, more slender and longer diverging spines ; the peduncle has
two long spines which curve round the base of the abdomen ; the
tibiae ferruginous, but more or less obscure at their base.

Hob. Makassar.

Gen. PsEUDOMTBMA, Guer.

1. Pseudomyrma laeviceps. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc, 1859, iii. p. 145.
Hab. Celebes ; Aru.

The specimens from Makassar are smaller than those from Aru, but I
can detect no specific difference.

Pam. PONEEID^.
Gen. Odontomachfs, Zatr.

I. Odontomachus simillimus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p. 80, pi. 5.
figs. 8, 9.

This species closely resembles O. hcematodes, but may be known by the
following differences : the mandibles are distinctly serrated throughout
the entire length on the inner margin ; the head narrower and the
antennae shorter in the worker; in the female the neuration of the
wings is different.

Hab. Celebes (Makassar) ; Fidjee Islands ; Ceylon.

Gen. PoNEBA, Latr.

1. Ponera geometrica, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 67.
Hab. Celebes (Makassar). Singapore.

2. Ponera Iseviceps, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 69.
Hab. Celebes (Makassar) ; Borneo (Sarawak).

The specimen from Celebes has a few indistinct traces of sculpture on
the crown of the head and prothorax, but so closely agrees in all other
respects, that I cannot see a good specific difference.

,3. Ponera truncata. P. nigra; antennis, mandibulis, pedibus,
abdominisque apice ferrugineis.

Female. Length 20 lines. Black ; the clypeus, antennse, mandibles,
legs, the apex of the metathorax and of the abdomen ferruginous ;
the eyes placed forward at the sides of the head, near the base of the
mandibles ; the head, thorax, and abdomen thinly covered with a fine,
short, downy pile, which renders the body sub-opake ; the truncated
portion of the metathorax very smooth and shining ; the mesothorax
with an obscure rufous tinge. The a])ical margins of the two basal

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 73

.segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous, the following segments
entirely so.
Hub. Makassar.

4. PoNERA UNicoLOR. P. ochracca ; antennis subfuscis, alis hyalinis ;
tibiis tarsisque fuscis.

Male. Length 4 lines. Entirely ochraceous, with the antennae and
legs slightly fuscous ; the mesothorax with two oblique impressed lines
meeting in the middle of its disk ; the wings hyaline and iridescent,
the nervm*es and stigma rufo-fuscous. The node of the peduncle
subglobose; a deep constriction between the first and second seg-
ments of the abdomen, and a slighter one between the second and
third; the node of the peduncle with a tooth at its base beneath.

Hab. Makassar.

5. PoxERA PALLiDicoRNi.s. P. obscurc rufo-fusca ; antennis peth-
busque pallide testaceis ; alis hyalinis.

Male. Length 3 Unes. Shining rufo-fuscous ; the head irapunctate ;
the antenna?, mandibles, and palpi pale rufo-testaceous. The thorax
dehcately punctured ; the scutellum prominent, smooth, and shining ;
the wings hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures colourless ; the
stigma pale testaceous ; the legs rufo-fuscous, with the articulations
and tarsi pale. Abdomen : the segments slightly constricted ; the
node of the peduncle conical, and with a tooth at its base beneath.

Hab. Makassar.

6. PoNERA PALLiDiPENNis. P. nigra opaca; abdomine laivigato,
nitido, chalybeo-iridescente ; antennis pedibusque obscure ferru-
gineis.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black ; the head and thorax finely rugose and
opake, the metathorax coarsely rugose ; the scape and basal joint of
the flagellum bright ferruginous, the following joints ohscuiely so.
Wings colourless, with the nervures pale testaceous, the stigma pale
l)rovvn ; the legs fusco-ferruginous, with the articulations and the
tarsi pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen smooth and shining, with a blue
iridescence, the tip pale testaceous.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Mybmica, Latr.

1. Myrmica molesta. Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 293. 6.
I have carefully examined several individuals of the worker of this species
from Makassar, and compared them with specimens obtained from
North America, Brazil, and from houses in London, and can detect no
specific difference; the examples from Celebes are paler at the apex
of the abdomen; beyond this, I see no difference. I consider M.
molesta a cosmopolitan species, which has been carried in merchandize
to all parts of the world.
LINN. PROC. ZOOLOGY, SUITLEMENT. 6

74 ME. smith's desceiptions of htmenopteeous insects

2. Myrmica gracilescens. M. rufo-ferruginea, gracilescens ;
laevissima et politissima.

Worker. Length 1 line. Rufo-ferniginous, smooth and shining; the
tarsi and the basal joints of the flagellum pale rufo-testaceous ; the
club of the antenna; 3-jointed; the antennae nearly as long as the
body. The metathorax with two short acute spines. Abdomen
ovate ; the basal node of the peduncle petiolated, and elevated above
the second node, which is ovate-conical, the first being conical.

Hab. Makassar.

This elegant httle ant closely resembles the Myrmica lippula of Europe.

Gen. Ceematogastee, Lund.

\. Crematogaster LiEvissiMus. C. pallidc castaneo-rufus, Isevis
nitidusque ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 3 lines. Pale rufo-castaneous, highly polished, smooth,
and impunctate. The antennae and legs very pubescent ; the head
anteriorly and the mandibles slightly pubescent. Thorax oblong-
ovate; the wings colourless and brilliantly iridescent, the nervures
scarcely distinguishable. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the first node of
the peduncle petiolate, the second subglobose.

Hab. Makassar.

Fam. ATTID^, Smith.
Gen. SoLENOPSis, Westw.

1. Solenopsis TRANSVERSALis. S. feriTiginea, capitc oblongo-ovato
longitudinaliter striato, postice transverse striato ; abdomine nitido.

Worker major. Length 2 lines. Ferruginous, with the head and abdo-
men darkest, the latter palest at the base, and smooth and shining.
Head : oblong, subquadrate, the sides shghtly rounded, longitudinally
striated, and with a central longitudinal smooth impressed line ; the
vertex transversely striated and slightly emarginate. Thorax : deeply
strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter armed
with two minute spines ; the first node of the peduncle petiolated,
conical, and elevated above the second node, which is globose.

Hab. Makassar.

/

Gen. Pheidole, Westw.

1. Pheidole militaris. P. ferruginea; capite maximo, antice
fusco.

Worker major. Length 3 Unes. Ferruginous, smooth and shining;
the head oblong-quadrate, more than twice the width of the abdomen,
deeply emarginate behind, and with a central longitudinal impressed
line ; the head transversely wrinkled posteriorly, and with a few lon-
gitudinal short striae at the anterior angles at the base of the man-
dibles ; the angles, as well as the mandibles, dark fuseo-ferruginous ;

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 75

the mandibles with a single notch at their apex, not toothed ; eyes
very minute. The thorax, legs, and abdomen, paler than the head ;
the thorax much narrowed behind ; the metathorax armed with two
short acute spines ; the intermediate and posterior tibite not spined at
their apex.

Worker minor. Differs only in the form of the head, which is more
rounded at the sides, and the mandibles are armed with two stout
teeth at the apex, and with several smaller ones behind.

Hab. Makassar.

Fam, CETPTOCEEID^, Smith.
Gen. EcHiNOPLA, Smith.

1. Echinopla striata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 2 ^ .
Hab. Celebes; Malacca.

Fain. MUTILLID.^.

Gen. McTiLLA, Linn.

1. Mutilla unimaculata. Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. iii. p. 138 $ .

The male has the head and abdomen black and shining ; the thorax
blood-red ; the inner margin of the eyes notched ; the vertex strongly
punctate-striate. The thorax strongly punctured ; the metathorax with
larger and more distant punctures ; the tegulae red ; the wings fusco-
hyaline. Abdomen rather distantly punctured ; the apical margin of the
second and third segments thickly fringed with white pubescence ; the
following segments fringed with black.

Hab. Makassar.

The sexes of this species were taken in coitu.

2. Mutilla Sibylla, Smith, Cat. Hym. Borneo, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii.
p. 86. 11 9.

Mutilla suspiciosa. Smith, Cat. Hym. Borneo, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii.

p. 84. 6 <? .
The sexes of this species were taken in coitu.

3. Mutilla maura. M. nigra pubescens ; alis fuscis; abdominis
segmentis pube alba fasciatis.

Male. Length 5|- lines. Entirely black and shining; the head and
thorax with large scattered punctures ; the face and cheeks with a
loose silvery pubescence ; that on the vertex, and on the disk of the
thorax, fuscous ; the metathorax covered with large shallow punc-
tures, and covered with short cinereous pubescence, having at the base,
in the centre, a smooth, shallow, longitudinal channel extending half
its length ; the wings fuscous. Abdomen : campanulate, smooth,
shining, and distantly punctured, with a scattered cinereous pubes-
cence on the three basal segments, and with black on the foiu- apical

G*

76 MR. smith's descriptions of nTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

ones ; the apical margin of the second and third segments ciliated with
glittering white hairs.

Hub. Celebes.

Resembling Mutilla volatilis, but at once distinguished by the channel
at the base of the metathorax, by the longer and narrower basal seg-
ment of the abdomen, and by the latter being much more delicately
punctured.

4. Mutilla facilis. M. capite abdomineque nigrisj thorace san-
guineo ; ahs subhyalinis.

Male. Length 3\ lines. The head and thorax closely and finely punc-
tured ; the scape of the antennge, the basal joint of the flagellum, and
the mandibles, rufo-piceous. The metathorax covered with large
shallow punctures ; the wings fusco-hyaline, with the third submar-
ginal cell obsolete ; the legs rufo-testaceous. Abdomen blue-black,
with the extreme base red ; the ajiical margin of the second and fol-
lowing segments pale rufo-testaceous ; very shining and delicately
punctured, and with a number of scattered silvery-white^hairs.

Hab. Celebes (Makassar).

5. Mutilla THORACiCA. iH. thorace dorsoque sanguineis ; alis fuscis.

Male. Length 4^ lines. Head and thorax strongly punctured and pu-
bescent ; the tops of the mandibles rufescent ; the eyes slightly notched
within. The metathorax with large shallow punctures, and covered
with short cinereous pubescence ; the wings fusco-hyaline and u-ides-
cent. Abdomen : the basal segment narrow and campanulate ; the
third segment with a band of thin white pubescence on its apical mar-
gin ; the first and second segments with a few scattered white hairs ;
those on the third and following segments black.

Hah. Celebes (Makassar).

6. Mutilla neglecta. M. capite thoraceque rude punctatis; alis
fusco-h5'alinis ; abdominis segmentis pube fulva fasciatis.

Male. Length 1\ lines. Black and punctured, the punctm-es on the
disk of the thorax confluent, and running into stinse ; die clypeus co-
vered with long loose silvery pubescence ; the head, thorax, and legs
with a thin fulvous pubescence ; the third and fourth joints of the
antennae bright orange-yellow beneath ; the eyes slightly notched.
The wings slightly fuscous, with their apical margins more deeply
coloured ; the nervures rufo-testaceous ; the metathorax with a short
cinereous pubescence, and covered with large shallow punctures. Ab-
domen very glossy and finely punctured ; the basal segment narrow
and campanulate ; the apical margins of all the segments with a fringe
of fulvous pubescence ; the apex bright ferruginous.

Hab. Celebes (Makassar).

7. Mutilla fervida. il/. capite thoraceque nigris ; abdomine ferru-
gineo basi nigro ; alis fuscis.

Female. Length 4-5 lines. Head and abdomen black ; thorax red ; the

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 77

legs black ; the thorax roughly pimctui-ed, oblong-quadrate, with the
metathorax obliquely truncate ; the mandibles ferruginous in the
middle. Abdomen with two ovate spots towards the base, and an in-
terrupted band at the base of the third segment, of white pubescence ;
the apical segment longitudinally striated, and fringed at the sides
with glittering yellowish-white hairs.

Male. Length 9 lines. The head and thorax coarsely punctured ; the
sides of the face anteriorly, and the base of the mandibles covered
with silvery-white pubescence; the wings dark brown and shining.
The first, base of the second, and the apical segment of the abdomen,
black ; the two former strongly punctured, beyond which it is finely
and distantly punctured ; the second and fom* following segments with
a fringe of bright fulvous pubescence on their apical margins.

The female very closely resembles Mutilla Sibylla, but may be distin-
guished from it by its having the tubercles on which the antennae
are inserted black; in M. Sibylla they are ferruginous. The male
resembles the same sex of M. Sibylla, but in that insect the segments
of the abdomen are fringed with white pubescence.

Gen. Methoca, Latr.

1. Methoca GRACILIS. M. nigra, nitida, immaculata; alis hyaUnis.
Male. Length 3} lines. Shining black, slightly villose ; the head closely

and finely punctured, sparingly so on the vertex ; the tips of the man-
dibles ferruginous. The prothorax smooth, the mesothorax punc-
tured, and the metathorax coarsely rugose ; the wings hyaline and
splendidly iridescent ; the legs rufo-piceous. Abdomen smooth and
shining ; the basal segment subpetiolate, and with a central longitu-
dinal channel ; the base of the segments much depressed, their mar-
gins constricted; the apical one with an acute upturned spine.

2. Methoca iNSULARis. M. nigra ; antennis, mandibulis, pedibusque
ferrugineis ; abdomine rufo-piceo cingulato.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black, smooth and shining ; the antennae,
anterior margin of the clypeus, the mandibles, and palpi, feiTuginous ;
a deeply impressed line runs from the base of the clypeus up to the
anterior ocellus. Thorax : a deep constriction between the pro-, meso-,
and metathorax ; the apex of the latter rufo-piceous. Abdomen with
a short jietiole ; the apical margin of the first and second segments,
and the apical segment, entirely rufo-piceous.

Hab. Makassar.

Probably the female o( M. gracilis; but I do not feel justified in uniting
them.

Gen. ScLEEODEEMA, Latr.

1. Scleroderma BicoLOR. S. capite thoraceque rufo-testaceis ; ab-
domine nigro nitido.
Female. Length 14 line. The head oblong, rufo-piceous, smooth, and

78 MR. smith's desceiptions of hymenopteeotjs insects

shining; the antennae and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax pale
ferruginous, with the metathorax flavo-testaceous. Abdomen smooth,
shining black.
Hab. Makassar.

Tribe FOSSORES, Latr.
Fam. SCOLIAD^.
Geu. TiPHiA, Fair.

1. TiPHiA CARBONARiA. T. nitida, atra, punctata; linea intermedia
elevata metathoracis lineam transversam non attingente.

Female. Length 5 lines. Shining jet-black ; the head, pro- and meso-
thorax strongly punctured ; the clypeus truncated in the middle of its
anterior margin ; the antennse obscurely fuscous beneath. The meta-
thorax smooth and shining, truncate posteriorly ; the margin of the
truncation carinated, with three elevated longitudinal lines on its su-
perior surface, the two lateral ones extending from the base to the
verge of the truncation, the intermediate one extending only halfway
from the base ; the wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud below the
stigma ; the latter as well as the stigma, black ; the anterior tibiae
ferruginous beneath. Abdomen : the two basal segments with fine
scattered punctures ; the followiug segments, each in succession more
closely and strongly punctured, the apical one coarsely so.

Hab. Makassar.

Fam. POMPILID^.
Gen. PoMPiLUs, Fahr.

1. PoMPiLUS coNFORMis. P. niger, pube cincrea vcstitus ; aUs hya-
linis unifasciatis.

Female. Length 7i lines. Black, with a silky, silvery, changeable pile,
which is most dense on the face, coxae, and sides of the metathorax ;
the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, slightly elevated, and very
smooth and shining; the mandibles pilose at the base, smooth and
polished at their apex, which is ferruginous, with their tips black.
The posterior margin of the prothorax curved ; the metathorax opake,
with shining silvery pile at the sides ; the wings hyaline, with a fuscous
band crossing them at the apex of the stigma, nearly as wide as the
marginal cell ; a slight fuscous stain at the base of the second dis-
coidal-cell. Abdomen subpetiolate ; the apical margins of the seg-
ments shining, not pilose.

Hab. Makassar.

2. PoMPiLUS LiMBATUS. P. obscure caeruleo-nigcr ; prothoracis mar-
gine postica flava ; alis fuscis basi subhyalinis.

Male. Length 7 lines. Obscure blue-black, the abdomen brightest ;

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 79

the lower portion of the inner orbits of the eyes, the sides of the
clypeus, and mandibles, testaceous-yellow; the apex of the latter
ferruginous; the palpi pale; the antenna; fulvous beneath. The
posterior margin of the prothorax testaceous-yellow ; wings fuscous,
palest towards their base ; the intermediate and posterior tibire and
the basal joint of their tarsi with long acute spines ; the inner calcai"
at the apex of the tibia; nearly as long as the basal joint of the tarsi.
Abdomen elongate and shghtly shining.
Hub. Makassar.

3. PoMPiLus NiGRO-c^RULEUS. P. obscurc caerulco-niger; alisfuscis,
viridi et violaceo micantibus.

Female. Length 9-10 lines. Of an obscure blue-black; the face and
clypeus slightly silvery, the anterior margin of the latter slightly
emarginate ; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous in the middle. The
posterior margin of the prothorax subangular ; the metathorax short,
convex, and shining ; wings dark fuscous, with a slight purple irides-
cence ; the tibiae and tarsi with strong sharp spines. Abdomen slightly
shining, with bright blue tints in certain lights ; the extreme apex
ferruginous ; the apical segment with rigid black hairs.

Hab. Makassar.

4. PoMPiLUS iNCERTus. P. atcr ; facie et thorace postice pube ar-
gentato-alba dense vestitis ; alis hyalinis apice fuscis.

Male. Length 5 lines. Black : the face and cly]jeus covered with
silvery pile, the anterior margin of the latter rounded ; the tips of the
mandibles rufo-testaceous ; an impressed line running from the an-
terior ocellus to the base of the clypeus. Thorax : the posterior
margin of the prothorax subangular ; the metathorax with a thin
silvery pile, on its sides and on the coxa; the pile is more dense
and glittering ; wings hyaline and iridescent, their apex fuscous beyond
the stigma ; the inner calcar at the apex of the intermediate and pos-
terior tibiae nearly as long as the basal joint of the tarsi. Abdomen
shining, with a thin silky pile.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Priocnemis, Schiodte.

\. Priocnemis flavipennis. P. niger ; facie, antennis, tibiis, tarsis-
que ferrugineis ; alis flavo-hyalinis.

Female. Length 10 lines. Black : the head and thorax opake, the ab-
domen slightly shining ; the front between the insertion of the antennae
and the ocelli, the tibiae, tarsi, and tips of the femora ferruginous, the
claw-joint of the tarsi fuscous ; the intermediate and posterior tibia
with a double row of serrations ; all the tarsi strongly s[nnose ; the
wings clear reddish yellow, not bordered with fuscous ; the metathorax
transversely striated. Abdomen immaculate, thinly sprinkled with

80 MK. smith's descriptions of HYMENOrTEKOrS INSECTS

long black hairs towards the apex ; the apical segment punctured, and
with short ferruginous pubescence at the tip.

Hah. Makassar,

This species resembles P. ruffrons, but is distinguished by its trans-
versely striated metathorax, its wings not bordered with fuscous, and
its entirely black abdomen.

Gen. AoENiA, Schiodfe.

1. Agenia Atalanta, Smith, Hym. Borneo, Sfc.j Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.
p. 94.

Hab. Celebes (Makassar); Borneo; Singapore.

2. Agenia HONESTA. ^. atra, pube argentata vestita; pedibus ferru-
gineis ; alis hj'alinis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black, and covered with a thin silvery-white
silky pile, which is most dense on the metathorax; the face silvery;
the scape in front, the anterior margin of the clypeus narrowly, and
the mandibles of a testaceous yellow, the tips of the latter feiTuginous ;
the flagellum beneath, the palpi and legs, pale fen-uginous. The
posterior margin of the prothorax narrowly testaceous; the wings
hyahne and iridescent, the nervurcs rufo-fuscous, the tegulae pale tes-
taceous. Abdomen shining ; the apical margins of the segments rufo-
piceous ; a short petiole at the base of the first segment.

Hub. Makassar.

3. Agenia assimilis. A. nigra; alis hyalinis fasciis duabus fuscis
ornatis ; pedibus nigro-piceis.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black and slightly shining; the antennae
slightly or obscurel)' fulvous beneath, the scape palest ; tips of the
mandibles ferruginous. The metathorax with a slight central longi-
tudinal channel, which becomes deepest towards the apex ; legs very
obscurely jiiceous ; the anterior tibise in front, their tarsi and the tips
of the joints of the intermediate and posterior legs rufo-testaceous, the
calcaria testaceous ; wings hyaline and iridescent, with a broad fuscous
fascia which nearly crosses the anterior wings beyond the stigma, and
a much narrower one at the base of the first and second discoidal cells.
Abdomen with a short petiole; the apical margins of the segments
obscurely rufo-piceous.

Hah. Makassar.

This species closely resembles the European Pompilus bifasciatus.

4. Agenia nitidiventris. A. atra; capite thoraceque subopacis ;
abdomine nitido, alis hyalinis plaga nigro-fusca.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black : the face with a slight silvery pubes-
cence ; the clypeus emarginate anteriorly, forming a short tooth at
the angles of the emargination ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous.
Thorax : the posterior margin of the prothorax arched ; the metathorax

COLLECTED AT CELEBES, 81

transversely and finely rugose-striate ; wings hyaline and iridescent,
the nervures fusco-ferruginous, a dark stain beneath the stigma, enter-
ing the third discoidal cell. Abdomen shining black, with a very thin
short downy pile, and with a short petiole at its base.
Hab. Makassar.

5. Agenia agitata. A. atra ; antennis subtus, mandibulis pedibusque
pallide ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 4^ Unes. Black : the clypeus and face with a shining
silvery pubescence ; a narrow yellow line at the lower portion of the
inner orbit of the eyes ; the scape in front and the mandibles of a tes-
taceous yellow ; the flagellum beneath, the femora, tibia3, and tarsi pale
ferruginous ; the posterior margin of the prothorax arched ; the wings
hyaline and iridescent, the tegula; rufo-testaceous. Abdomen petio-
lated, smooth and shining.

Hab. Makassar.

This species is very closely allied to^. honesfa,hut it is much less pilose,
the coxae are black, the antennae stouter, and the second submarginal
cell shorter.

6. Agenia gracilipes. J. atra j faciei lateribus, clypeo, palpisque
testaceis ; ahs hyalinis ; pedibus elongatis ; abdomine petiolato.

Male. Length 3| lines. Black : the clypeus, sides of the face, scape
in front and the palpi yellowish-white ; the face and clypeus silvery ;
the flagellum fulvous beneath. The thorax with a fine silvery white
pile, which is most dense and glittering on the metathorax; the legs
ferruginous, the posterior tibiae and tarsi dusky; the wiugs clear
hyaline and splendidly iridescent. Abdomen petiolated, the petiole
with a pale testaceous ring in the middle ; the tip of the abdomen
white.

Hab. Makassar.

7. Agenia ingenua. ^.atra; pedibus rufo-testaceis ; abdomine petio-
lato ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Black : the face silvery ; the clypeus pro-
duced into a blunt joint anteriorly ; the tips of the mandibles ferru-
ginous ; the palpi testaceous ; the antennae obscurely fulvous beneath.
Thorax : the posterior margin of the prothorax arched ; the wings
hyaline and iridescent ; the tegula testaceous ; the metathorax trans-
versely and finely rugose-striate, and with a central longitudinal im-
pressed line ; the legs obscure rufo-testaceous. Abdomen petiolated,
slightly pilose, and having an obscure rufo-testaceous tinge in certain
lights.

8. Agenia facilis, A. nigra, pilis sericeis vestita; ahs hyalinis.
Female. Length 7? lines. Black : the abdomen with an obscure blue

tinge, thinly covered with cinereous pile ; the face silvery ; the an-
terior margin of the clypeus rounded ; the tips of the mandibles rufo-

82 MR. smith's descriptions of hymenopteeous insects

piceous. The posterior margin of the prothorax curved ; the wings
hyaline, faintly yellow, with the nervures ferruginous ; the marginal
cell triangular, the inferior angle at the apex of the second submarginal
cell ; the metathorax finely rugose and covered with short cinereous
pubescence. Abdomen with a short petiole at its base, slightly
shining ; the apical segment smooth and shining in the middle.
Hub. Makassar.

9. Agenia NASUTA. A.atva; alis hyalinis bifasciatis.

Female. Length 6| lines. Black : covered with a thin cinereous pile ;
the face with silvery-grey pubescence ; the anterior margin of the
clypeus produced in the middle, forming a short blunt rufo-piceous
beak or nose. The posterior margin of the prothorax arched; the
wings hyahne ; the anterior pair with a broad fuscous band at the apex
of the stigma as wide as the second and third submarginal cells, an
angulated band at the apex of the exteruo-medial cells ; tips of the
wings milky-white ; the metathorax with a slight transverse rugose
striation. Abdomen : the basal segment with a short petiole ; the
apical segment very smooth and shining.

Hab. Makassar.

10. Agenia jucunda. A. atra; capite thoraceque pube aurea vestitis;
antennis, tibiis, tarsisque anticis et intermediis ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis
apice fuscis.

Female. Length 9 lines. Black; the face and clypeus covered with
silvery pubescence, that on the head above the insertion of the antennae
of a pale golden colour; the antennae and palpi pale ferruginous.
Thorax : clothed above vsdth a fine pale golden pubescence ; on the
metathorax it becomes silvery, as it is also on the sides and beneath ;
the posterior margin of the prothorax, the anterior and intermediate
tibiae, tarsi and apex of the femora, ferruginous ; the apex of the
posterior tibiae and femora, and the tarsi beneath, ferruginous ; wings
flavo-hyaline, with a large dark fuscous spot at the apex of the anterior
pair. Abdomen subpetiolate, covered with a fine thin changeable silvery
downy pile ; the apex rufo-testaceous.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Mtgnimia, Smith.

L Mygnimia fervida. M. capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine pedi-
busque ferrugineis ; alis obscure fuscis.

Female. Length 9 lines. The head, thorax, and coxae black ; the an-
tennae, labrum, mandibles, and palpi ferruginous ; the clypeus emar-
ginate. The prothorax transverse, its anterior lateral angles prominent ;
the metathorax transversely striated ; wings dark fuscous or brown-
black, with a bright violet iridescence, a semi-transparent lunate
macula in the second discoidal cell at its base ; the tibiae and tarsi with

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 83

a number of short spines. Abdomen immaculate, ferruginous, with

the extreme base fuscous.
Male. Length 6 Unes. Differs in having the antennae black above.

the metathorax delicately striated, and the legs much less spinose.
Hub. Makassar.

Fam. SPHEGID^, Smith.
Gen. Ampulex, Jm^ine.

1. Ampulex REGALis. ^. fulgide purpureus; abdomine viridi varie-
gato ; alis anticis obscure unifasciatis.

Female. Length 10 lines. Brilliant pm-ple, with shades of violet and
green ; the anterior femora and tibiaj in front, and the intermediate
and posterior femora, ferruginous ; the anterior wings with a faint
cloud crossing them beyond the stigma ; the vertex, pro- and meso-
thorax finely and very sparingly punctured ; the metathorax with fine
longitudinal carinae, the intermediate spaces transversely striated ; the
abdomen tinged with green at the apex.

Hab, Makassar.

This species so closely resembles Ampulex compressus that perhaps it
will be regarded by some persons as only a local variety ; I have
sepai'ated it for the following reasons : in the first place, the head is
rounded behind, whereas in A. compressus it is transverse with the
angles obtuse, and the eyes are more closely approximate than in that
species ; the second lateral carina on the metathorax is simple, while
in A, compressus it becomes double towards the apex : all the speci-
mens from Makassar are brilliant purple in both sexes.

Gen. Trieogma, Westw.

1. TrIROGMA CjERULEA.

Trirogma csenilea, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. iii. 225 c?; Arcana

Ent. ii. 66 2 .
Hab. India (Madras, Northern India), Singapore ; Celebes (Makassar).

Gen. Dolichueus, Latr.

1. DoLiCHURUS ABDOMiNALis. D. nigcr, capite thoraceque nitidis,
pedibus ferrugineis, abdomine rude punctato.

Male. Length 3^ lines. Head : strongly punctured before the ocelli,
and smooth and shining behind them ; the front with a semicircular,
fliattened appendage, above the insertion of the antennae, which is
concave above ; the antennae fulvous beneath ; the mandibles ferru-
ginous at their apex ; the palpi pale testaceous ; the antennae as long
as the body. Thorax : the posterior angles of the prothorax tubcr-
culate ; the mesothorax shining, with two deeply impressed longitu-
dinal lines ; the metathorax rugose, with an enclosed horseshoe-shaped

81 ME. smith's DESCBIPTIOIS'S 01? IIYMENOPTEEOUS INSECTS

space at its base ; wings hyaline and iridescent ; the legs obscure fer-
ruginous. Abdomen coarsely rugose and subopake, with tlie margins
of the segments deeply depressed.
Hab. Makassar.

Earn. LAEEID^, Leach.

Gen. Laerada, Smith.

Larrada ducalis. L. nigra, nitida ; metathorace opaco ; facie
aureo-pilosa ; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo-iridescentibus.

Female. Length 10-13 lines. Black; the head slightly shining, im-
punctate ; the sides of the face, the base of the mandibles and the
lower portion of the cheeks with golden pubescence ; the mandibles
blunt at their apex, and not notched at their base beneath. Thorax
slightly shining, with the metathorax subopake and transversely
striated ; wings dark brown, with a slight violet iridescence. Abdo-
men with a faint blue iridescence in certain lights ; the apical segment
with a short fulvous velvety pubescence.

Hab. Makassar.

This fine species is the largest I have seen of the genus.

Pam. CRABEONID.^, Leach.
Gen. Tetpoxylox, Latr.

1. Trjqjoxylon eximium. Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 161.
Hab. Makassar ; Key Island.

2. Trypoxylon ELEGANTULUM. T. capite thoraccque nigris nitidis ;
abdomine pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.

Female. Length 7 lines. Head smooth and shining ; the clypeus, face
as high as the sinus of the eyes and the cheeks, densely covered with
glittering silvery pubescence ; the antennae pale fen-uginous ; the cly-
peus anteriorly, and the mandibles of a reddish-yellow, the tips of the
latter feiTuginous ; the palpi white. Thoi'ax smooth and shining ; the
hinder margin of the prothorax, the tegulse, tubercles, and legs, pde
rufo-testaceous ; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures ferru-
ginous ; the metathorax with silvery pubescence on its sides, and
having in the centre of its base a slight longitudinal channel which
joins a deeply impressed one at the verge of the oblique truncation,
the latter continuing to its apex. Abdomen with a long slender pe-
tiole, and immaculate ferruginous.

Hab. Makassar.

3. Trypoxylon ferox. T. nigrum nitidum, petiolo gracili elongato ;
antennis, pedibus, et abdomine ferrugineis, apice nigris.

Female. Length 6 lineS. Head and thorax shining black ; the antennae,
anterior margin of the clypeus, mandibles, legs, and tubercles pale
ferruginous ; the abdomen of a darker red than the legs, with the two

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 85

apical segments black ; the palpi white. The sinus of the eyes, cly-
peus, and cheeks, clothed with silvery pubescence ; a deep channel
runs from the anterior ocellus to the base of the clypeus ; the front
very convex on each side of it. The thorax beneath, as well as the
sides, with silvery pubescence ; the raetathorax with a central longitu-
dinal impressed hne, extending from the base to the apex ; the wings
hyaline and iridescent, the nervures dark fuscous.

Hab. Makassar.

Although the differences which separate this and the two preceding
species are apparently slight, still they are, in my opinion, of full
specific value; T.ferox is distinguished from T. elegantulum by the
deeply impressed line down the centre of the metathorax, and by the
dark nervures and stigma of the wings, and the latter may be at
once known from T. gracilescens by the deep channel down the centre
of the metathorax, and by its longer and black petiole.

4. Trypoxylon gracilescens. T. nigrum, laeve, nitidum; an-
tennis pedibusque pallide ferrugineis ; abdomine ferrugineo, petiolo
nigro.

Female. Length 6^ lines. Head, thorax, and petiole of the abdomen,
shining black ; the antennae, anterior margin of the clypeus, mandi-
bles, and legs pale ferruginous ; abdomen, except the petiole, ferru-
ginous. The face and clypeus, the sinus of the eyes, and the cheeks,
covered with silvery pubescence. The posterior margin of the pro-
thorax nairowly pale testaceous and fringed with short silvery hairs ;
the sides of the metathorax and the pectus silvery ; the metathorax
with a deeply impressed central longitudinal line extending from the
base to the apex; wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures and
tegulse pale rufo-testaceous.

Hab. Makassar.

G-en. PsEN, Latr.

1. PsEN ERRATicus. P. atcr ; pedibus abdomineque ferrugineis, pe-
tiolo nigro.

Female. Length 5 lines. Head, thorax, and petiole of the abdomen
black ; the abdomen and legs ferruginous, the latter palest. The head
and thorax covered with short silvery-white pubescence ; the mandi-
bles and antennae pale ferruginous, the latter fuscous above, becoming
black towards the apex ; the scape yellowish in front. The wings
hyaline and brilliantly iridescent ; the nervures and stigma pale fer-
ruginous ; the coxae fuscous above. Abdomen shining and impunc-
tate ; the petiole wider at its extremity than at its base, curved, and
very smooth and shining.

Hab. Makassar.

The discoveiy of a species of Psen in Celebes is highly interesting;
previously only a single species from Brazil had been discovered out
of Europe.

86 MB. smith's descriptions of htmenopterous insects

Tribe DIPLOPTERA.
Group 1. Solitary Wasps.

Gen. EuMENES.

1. EuMENES ESURIENS.

Eumeues esuriens, Fahr. Syst. Piez. 286. 7-

Eumenes gracilis, Sauss. (var.) Mon, Guepes Sol. 56. 40. 1. 11. f. 2.
Hab. India ; Persia ; Africa (Sierra Leone) ; Senegal ; Egypt ; New
Guinea (Triton Bay).

2. Eumenes pictifrons. E. nigra; capite flavo-variegato ; alis sub-
hyalinis et iridescentibus.

Female. Length 13-14 lines. Shining black ; the head transverse-
quadrate above, covered with fine confluent punctures ; the base of
the clypeus yellow, forming a transverse broad lunate spot, and two
indistinct spots near the apical margin, a stripe behind the eyes, and
another in their sinus, a pear-shaped spot between the antennae, with
a narrow line running upwards from it to the anterior ocellus, and a
minute spot at the side of each of the superior ocelli, yellow ; the
antennae ferruginous beneath. The prothorax strongly punc-
tured, the meso- and metathorax finely and sparingly so ; the tips of
the anterior femora beneath, the tibiae and tarsi, the intermediate
femora at theii- apex beneath, and the apex of the two posterior pair
of tibiae with a yellow stripe outside ; wings subhyahne, the anterior
margin of the superior pair fulvous. Abdomen : the petiole gradually
thickened from the base to the apex, and with a central longitudinal
slightly impressed line ; the following segments fiuely punctured.

Hab. Makassar.

This and the two following species belong to the first division of Saus-
sure's monograph of the genus Eumenes, div. Pareumenes, in which
the mandibles are short and blunt, with two or three teeth, and the
petiole of the abdomen regularly widened from the base to its apex.

3. Eumenes artifex. E. niger; capite thoraceque flavo-variegatis ;
pedibus ferrugineis ; alis subhyalinis et iridescentibus.

Female. Length 7-8 lines. Black, punctured, and slightly shining;
the clypeus, a spot between the antennae, another in the sinus of the
eyes, a minute one at the base of the mandibles, the scape in front,
and a short line behind the eyes, yellow ; a pear-shaped black spot on
the clypeus. A spot on each side of the prothorax, the tegulae, a
minute spot behind, and a short narrow stripe in front of them on the
mesothorax, the scutellum and postscutellum with a spot on each side,
and a triangular one beneath the wings, yellow ; the legs ferruginous,
with the coxae, trochanters, and extreme base of the femora, more or
less ferruginous ; wings subhyaline, with a slight violet iridescence.
Abdomen ; the basal segment clavate ; the apical margin of the second

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 87

segment with a narrow subinterrupted yellow fascia, not continued
beneath.
Hab. Makassar.

4. EuMENES LABORiosus. E. nigcr ; clypeo, prothoracis margine,
scutello, pimctisque duabus, flavis; ahs subhyalinis et iridescentibus.

Female. Length 64 lines. Black, punctured, and shining ; the clypeus,
a spot above, and a narrow hne emanating from it and extending to
the anterior ocellus, a spot in the sinus of the eyes, and a minute one
behind them, and also the scape in front, yellow ; the mandibles fer-
ruginous, their extreme base black ; the flagellum fulvous beneath.
Thorax : the anterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulae, a minute
spot behind them and two on the scutellum, a narrow abbreviated
line on each side of the insertion of the abdomen, and a spot beneath
the wings, yellow ; legs ferruginous, the posterior tibiae above, and
the intermediate and posterior tarsi above, slightly fuscous ; wings as
in the preceding species. Abdomen : the first segment clavate ; an
interrupted, indistinct, narrow fascia on the apical margin of the
second segment ; the following segments with a thin cinereous pile.

Hab. Makassar.

Closely resembling the preceding species, but with the basal segment
longer and much narrower ; the abdomen is finely punctured in this
species, but sti-ongly so in the preceding.

5. EuMENES TRICOLOR. E. uiger ; clypeo basi flavo; pedibus tho-
raceque ferrugineo-variegatis ; alis subhyalinis et iridescentibus.

Female. Length 8 lines. Black, strongly and closely punctured ; the
base of the clypeus, a pear-shaped spot above, and its extreme apex,
yellow ; a yellow spot in the sinus of the eyes, and a short narrow line
behind them ; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax : a broad stripe on
the anterior margin of the prothorax, a narrow one on its posterior
margin, a spot beneath the wings, the tegula;, an oblique line in front
of them on the mesothorax, two ovate spots on the scutellum, the
postscutellum, and the lateral margins of the metathorax, ferruginous ;
the legs ferruginous, with the intermediate and posterior tarsi fus-
cous ; the wings subhyaline and iridescent. Abdomen : a narrow
yellow fascia at the apex of the petiole.

Hab. Makassar.

This species, as well as the following, belongs to Saussure's division
Alpha, in which the petiole is more or less elongate and campanulate.

Gen. Odtneeus, Latr.

1. Odynerus ignobilis. 0. capite thoraceque rude punctatis, etflavo-
variegatis, abdomine delicatule punctato; alis hyalinis apice fusco
maculatis ; pedibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Black ; the margins of the clypeus, a spot
above, the sinus of the eyes, a spot behind them, and the mandibles.

88 MR. smith's descriptions of hymenopterous insects

reddish-yellow ; the clypeus produced, forming a kind of beak, truncate
at the apex ; the terminal joints of the flagellum fulvous beneath.
The prothorax anteriorly, the tegulse, a spot beneath the wings, the
scutellum, and a spot at the sides of the metathorax, reddish-yellow ;
the wings subhyaline, with a dark fuscous spot in the marginal cell ;
legs ferruginous. Abdomen : the first segment short, transverse, and
bell-shaped, its posterior margin, as well as that of the following seg-
ment, yellow, the latter continued beneath, the anterior margin of the
yellow border waved, the margins of the two following segments nar-
rowly rufo-piceous.

Hab. Makassar.

This species belongs to Saussiu-e's fifth division, in which the metathorax
is rounded at the sides, and the clypeus more or less pyriform ; the
second submarginal cell is much narrowed towards the marginal.

2. Odynerus facilis. 0. nigei-, capite thoraceque flavo-variegatis ;
pedibus flavis ; abdomine flavo-fasciato.

Male. Length 4^ lines. Black ; the mandibles, clypeus, an elongate
spot above nearly extending to the anterior ocellus, the sinus of the
eyes, and a narrow line behind them, and also the scape in front,
yellow; the flagellum ferruginous, slightly fuscous above. The pro-
thorax anteriorly, two spots beneath the wings, the tegulse, a narrow
line at the base of the scutellum, the postscutellum and sides of the
metathorax, yellow ; the legs yellow, with a few ferruginous stains ;
the wings subhyaline, their apical margins clouded with a darker stain
in the marginal cell. Abdomen : a yellow fascia at the basal margin
of the first segment, a similar fascia near the base of the second, and a
very narrow one on the apical margins of the two following segments.

Hab. Makassar.

This species belongs to the subgenus Ancistrocerus of Wesmael ; the
metathorax is truncate, its sides a little rounded ; it is readily distin-
guished by the fasciae at the base of the first two segments.

3. Odynerus CIRCUMSPECTUS. O. niger, flavo etaurantiovariegatus;
ahs hyalinis apice nigra unimaculatis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the clypeus, a spot above it, the scape
in front, a line at the lower margin of the sinus of the eyes, and a line
behind them, yellow ; the flagellum fulvous beneath ; the mandibles
ferruginous. The anterior margin of the prothorax with a narrow
yellow line, and a large ferruginous spot on each side; a red and
yellow spot beneath the wings, the tegulse yellow ; the metathorax
red at the sides, with the edge of the truncation yellow ; the post-
scutellum yellow, and the legs red ; the wings subhyaline with a dark
fuscous spot in the marginal cell. Abdomen : the first segment
ferruginous, with the base and a central line black, its apical margin
as well as that of the second segment with a yellow fascia.

Hab. Makassar.

This species also belongs to the subgenus Ancistrocerus.

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 89

4. Odynerus petulans. O. niger, punctatus ; capite thoraceque
flavo-guttatis ; abdomine fasciis duabus flavis oniato.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the cl3'pens yellow with a transverse
biarcuate black line a little before the apex, which is produced and
bidentate in front; the mandibles, scape beneath, the sinus of the
eyes, a spot between the antennae, and another behind the eyes,
yellow ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax : the anterior
margin of the prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, another on the
tegulae behind, two minute spots on the scutellura, and one on each
side of the metathorax, yellow ; the anterior and intermediate femora
towards their apex outside, the tibiae, and the posterior pair at their
base outside, yellow ; the tarsi rufo-fuscous ; the wings subhyaline,
with their margins narrowly fuscous, a dark fuscous cloud occupying
the marginal cell and passing a little beyond. Abdomen : the first
segment very much nan-ower than the second, campanulate and with
a short petiole ; its apical margin, as well as that of the following
segment, with a narrow yellow fascia; a subovate yellow spot on each
side of the second segment near its base.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. IscHNOOASTEK, Ouerin.

1. IscHNOGASTER piCTUS. 7. niger, flavo et ferrugineo variegatus ;
cellulis prima secundaque submarginalibus aequis, tertia breviore et ad
cellulam marginalem angustata.

Female. Length 8 lines. Black ; tlie clypeus, mandibles, and antennae,
ferruginous, the hinder margin of the vertex obscurely so ; the clypeus
])roduced in front, terminating in an acute spine, and with its lateral
margin yellow. Thorax globose ; the sides of the prothorax ferru-
ginous above, and the legs also ferruginous ; the posterior margin of
the prothorax, a spot on the tegulae in front, the scutellum, post-
scutellum, a spot at the insertion of the petiole and the anterior and
intermediate tibiae outside, yellow ; wings hyaline with a dark cloud
in the marginal cell. Abdomen ferruginous, the segments more or
less fuscous in the middle ; an elongate spot on each side of the third
segment at its basal margin, a smaller one at the extreme lateral
margin of the second, and two longitudinal stripes on the same
beneath, yellow; the petiole one-third longer than the head nnd
thorax.

Hub. Makassar.

2. IscHNOGASTER AGlLis. /. niger flavo variegatus ; cellulis prima
secundaque submarginalibus aequis, tertia quadrata.

Male. Length 10} lines. Black ; the clypeus and two oblique sub-
quadrate spots above nearly touching the eyes, yellow ; the cly|)eus ])ro-
duced into an acute point; the tops of the mandibles and the antenuic
beneath ferruginous. Tliorax : the posterior margin of tlio |)rothorax,
a pear-shaped spot beneath the wings, a large lunate one on the sides
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY, SUPPLEMENT. 7

90 MR. smith's desceiptions of utmenopterous insects

of the ])ectus, the anterior tibise outside, a spot on the tegulae, two
ovate ones on the scutellum, the post-scutellum and the sides of the
metathorax, yellow ; the legs ferruginous, with the coxae yellow behind ;
the tarsi and posterior tibiae dusky above. Abdomen : the petiole
beneath and towards the base above ferruginous ; the following seg-
ments with a fine blue changeable iridescence ; a transverse yellow
spot at the base of the segment next the petiole, and an elongate one
on each side of the following segment at the sides of its base ; beneath
the first and second segments with a yellow spot on each side ; the
wings are slightly coloured, beautifully iridescent, and faintly clouded
at their apical margins.
Hab. Makassar.

Gen. PoLYBiA, Sauss.

1. PoLYBiA ARTiFEX. P. rufo-ferruginca, flavo multum decorata; alis
hyalinis, margine antice obscurato.

Female. Length 6 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the head behind the eyes,
a line on their inner orbits extending from the clypeus to their sinus,
the clypeus, scape in front and the mandibles, yellow ; a fusco-ferru-
ginous pear-shaped spot on the clypeus, which terminates at its
apex in an acute point. The anterior and posterior margin of the
prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the inner margin of the tegulae,
a line behind them, the extreme base of the scutellum, the postscu-
tellum, and two oblong central spots on the metathorax, yellow ;
the legs variegated with yellow ; the wings hyaline, the nervures and
stigma ferruginous. Abdomen petiolate and slightly swollen at the
apex ; a yellow line on each side of the apical portion which unites
with a transverse one at the end, and a yellow transverse spot on each
side of the second segment, with also two beneath.

Hab. Makassar.

2. PoLYBiA MATHEMATiCA. P. fcrrugiuca, flavo omata; abdominis
secundo segmento maculis duabus flavis omato, et ad apicem fascia
tenui flava marginato.

Female. Length 5 lines. Ferruginous, with the pectus and second
segment of the abdomen more or less fuscous. The sides of the
clypeus and the mandibles yellow, the latter produced into an acute
point at the apex. Thorax : the anterior margin of the prothorax,
the scutellum, post-scutelhun, a large oblong-quadrate spot in the
middle of the metathorax and a broad stripe at its lateral margins,
yellow ; the anterior and intermediate coxae beneath and the posterior
pair outside, yellow ; wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the
stigma yellow, and a dark fuscous cloud in the marginal cell. Abdo-
men : a lai'ge ovate spot on each side of the second segment at its
base, and the apical margin with a narrow yellow fascia; beneath,
immaculate.

Hab. Makassar.

COLLECTED AT CELEBES. 91

Tribe IV. ANTHOPHILA, Lutr.

Fam. 1. ANDEENID^, Leach.
Gen. Halictus, Latr.

1. Halictus fraternus. H. aeueus, metathorace cserulescente ; alls
hyalinis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 2i lines. Head and thorax brassy- green, shining and
impunetate ; antennae sUghtly fulvous towards their apex beneath.
The metathorax blue-green ; at the base is a finely rugose seinicircukr
space which is enclosed by a smooth shining limb ; wings hyahne and
brilliantly iridescent ; the legs obscure rufo-fuscous, with the tarsi pale
testaceous. Abdomen black, smooth and shhiing, and with a few
glittering silvery hairs at its apex.

Hab. Makassar.

This species very closely resembles the British species Halictus morio,
but it is not punctured on the head and thorax, the clypeus is much
less produced, and the base of the metathorax has no striation in the
enclosed space.

Gen. NoMiA, Latr.

1. NoMiA CONCINNA. N. nigra; capite thoraceque punctatis sub-
opacis; abdomine uitido, segmentis ad marginem apicalem albo
fasciatis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the face densely clothed with silvery-
white pubescence; the head behind and the cheeks more thinly covered ;
the scape, two basal joints of the flagellum, the anterior margin of the
clypeus and the mandibles rufo-fulvous. Thorax : the posterior mar-
gin of the prothorax, as well as that of the postscutellum, fringed
with short pale fulvous pubescence ; the sides of the thorax and the
legs covered with a pale fulvous pubescence; the legs pale ferrugi-
nous ; the wings hyaline, shining and iridescent, the tegulae pale rufo-
testaceous. Abdomen shining and finely punctured, the apical margins
of the segments white, the two basal fascia; yellowish.

The Male is rather smaller, and has the scape black, and the flagellum
fulvous beneath ; the manihbles ferruginous at their apex ; the apical
portion of the wings clouded, the femora and tibia; rufo-fuscous ; the
abdomen ferruginous beneath and obscurely so above, brightest
towards the base ; the segments with white fasciae, which are covered
with white pubescence.

Hab. Makassar.

Fam. 2. APIDtE.

Gen. Ctenoplectka, Smith.

1. Ctenoplectra chalybea, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 45.
Hab. Celebes (Makassar). Malacca (Mount Ophir).

7#

92 MB. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEBA FBOM CELEBES.

Gen. CcELioxTS, Lato'.

1. CcELioxYS iNTBUDENS. C atra ; scutello utrinque dentato, mar-
gine postico rotundato ; abdomine conico segmentis fascia inarginatis
flavo-albida.

Female. Length 4\ lines. Black ; the head and thorax covered with
coarse confluent punctures ; the face densely clothed with short
yellowish-white pubescence ; the posterior margin of the prothorax
and the base of the scutellum with a narrow line of short yellowish-
white pubescence; a similar line over the tegulse; the thorax and
femora beneath clothed with similar pubescence. Abdomen : the
apical margin of all the segments, with a fascia of short white pubes-
cence which is continued beneath ; above, the fasciae are narrowest in
the middle, the basal segment has the fascia continued up the sides.

Hab. Makassar.

Geu. Cebatina, Latr.

1. Cebatina pictifbons. C. atra; capite thoraceque flavo-pictis;
abdomine fasciisque flavo-testaceis ; pedibus rufo-pallidis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Head : the inner orbit of the eyes with a
broad stripe, the clypeus, scape, labrum, mandibles and the head
behind the eyes, yellow ; the face punctured and with a broad deep
sulcation in front of the ocelli; the base of the flagellura fulvous.
The thorax yellow, with the mesothorax above and the base of the
raetathorax black ; the mesothorax w\t\\ a yellow stripe over the
tegulse, and two narrower ones in the middle of the disk ; a fuscous
patch on each side of the pectus ; wings hyaline, the nervures ferru-
ginous. Abdomen : the basal segment entirely of a reddish yellow,
and the apical margins of the four following segments rufo-testaceous ;
above delicately punctured, beneath more strongly so.

Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Anthophoea, Latr.

1. Anthophoba vigilans. a. nigra, pube fulva vestita, pedibus
ferrugineis.

Female. Length 6| lines. Black ; the clypeus, face on each side,
labrum and mandibles, pale rufo-testaceous ; the clypeus with two
oblong black maculae not extending to its apex ; the tips of the man-
dibles, rufo-piceous ; the flagellum fulvous beneath ; the cheeks
clothed with white pubescence. Thorax clothed above with fulvous
pubescence, which on the sides and beneath is paler ; the legs ferru-
ginous and clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; wings subhyaline,
their apical margins faintly clouded, the nervures fusco-ferruginous,
the tegul2e rufo-testaceous. Abdomen thinly clothed with short ful-
vous pubescence, the pubescence paler and denser on the apical
margins of the segments, which are pale rufo-testaceous ; the apical

MR. smith's catalogue OF HYMENOPTEBA. 93

segment with ferruginous pubescence ; beneath naked, finely punctured
and shining, with the apical margins of the segments pale testaceous.
Hab. Makassar.

Gen. Apis, Linn.

1. Apis NiGRO-ciNCTA. J.capitethoraceque nigris; abdomine pallide
ferrugineo, segmentis fasciis nigris ; scutello pedibusque pallidis.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black ; the scape of the an-
tenna;, the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles pale ferruginous. Thorax :
the scutellum and legs pale ferruginous, with the tibiae and tarsi fuscous,
the intermediate and posterior tibiae pale in the middle ; wings hyaUne,
the nervures fen-uginous. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with the apical
margins of the segments dark fuscous ; beneath entirely pale.

Hab. Makassar.

This species most closely resembles the A. socialis of Latreille, but it is
quite distinct, as I have ascertained by a comparison with and an ex-
amination of the typical specimen in Mr. Westwood's possession.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A.. E-.
Wallace in the Islands of Bachiao, Kaisaa, Amboyua, Gilolo,
and at Dory in New Guinea. By Teederick Smith, Esq.,
Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum.
Communicated by W. W. Saunders, Esq., V.P.L.S.
[Read May 3, I860.]

Of the various collections of Hi/menoptera which Mr. "Wallace
has formed in the Indian Archipelago, none has exceeded that
whose contents are described in the present paper, in the beauty
and variety of the species, as well as in the interest attached to
their geographical distribution. Amongst the Formicidcs many
new and remarkable forms are both described and figured. I
would particularly caU attention to the two forms of the worJcer
of Fheidole notahilis. Though convinced that nothing is created
in vain, and that every modification of form has its design, adapt-
ing it to the fulfilment of conditions necessary in the economy of
the particular species, I feel quite unable even to conjecture the
purpose of the enormously enlarged head of the worJcer major of
that species.

Another very interesting Ant is a new species of Erichson's
genus Amhlyojyone ; the previously described species are either from
Tasmania or Australia ; that here described is from Bachian.

Two remarkable species are added to the Oryptocendce, and a
new genus described, which has partly the characters of Crypfocerus,
and partly those of Ponera.

94 MB. smith's descriptions of hymenopteeous insects

The most interesting insect, in a geographical point of view, is
undoubtedly a species of Thynnus from Bachian ; this is the most
northern range of the genus from its metropolis, Australia, with
which I am acquainted. Amongst the Apidce, however, will be
found the gem of the collections ; this is a species of Megacliile.
Not only is it equal in size to the largest known species oi X:ylocoim,
but it is twice the size of the largest previously known species of
the genus to which it belongs, and ten times the size of the small-
est. This is certainly the finest addition which Mr. Wallace has
made to our knowledge of the family Apidce.

In this paper 191 species are enumerated, of which 132 are new
to science, and 59 have been previously described. This fine
collection of Hymenoptera is the property of William Wilson
Saunders, Esq.

Pam. FOEMICID^, Leach.
Gren. Formica, Linn.

1. Formica laevissima, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859, ii. 138.
Hab. Bachian; Aru.

2. Formica pallida. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857, ii. 67. '
Hab. Bachian, Borneo, Sumatra.

3. Formica subtilis. Capita, thorace, pedibusque rufo-testaceis ;
abdomine nigro. ( Worker major) pallida testacea lajvis nitida ; pedibus
elongatis {Worker minor).

Worker major. Length 3i lines. Head rather darker than the thorax
and legs ; wider than the abdomen, elongate-ovate and shining ; the
mandibles stout, their inner edge with short acute blackish teeth.
The thorax much comj)ressed and narrowed behind. Abdomen ovate,
black with an aeneous tinge, and sprinkled with pale glittering hairs ;
the scale of the peduncle narrow, with its upper margin rounded.

Worker minor. Length 2 lines. Of a paler colour than the pi-ece-
ding ; the antennae very slender, and longer than the body ; the legs
very long, the posterior pair nearly twice the length of the body ; the
scale of the peduncle conical.

Hab. Bachian.

4. Formica vitrea. F. nigra, nitida; mandibulis tarsisque rufo-
pallidis ; squama quadrata.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining ; head a little
wider than the thorax ; eyes ovate, placed rather high on the sides of
the head ; the antennae longer than the thorax, the flagcHum slightly
thickened towards the apex; the mandibles pale rufo-testaceous.
Thorax narrow, compressed behind and strangulated at the base of the
metathorax; the scale of the abdomen compressed, quadrate, and

COLLECTED AT BACKIAN, KAISAA, ETC.

95

slightly notched above. Abdomen wider than the head, subglobose ;
the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale testaceous.
Hab. Bachian.

This species is found on trees, running in numbers up and down the
trunks, probably in search of Aphides.

5. Formica cruda. F. pallide testacea, lajvis, nitida, sparse pilosa;
abdomine fusco.

]Vorker. Length 2 lines. The head, thorax, scale of the peduncle, and
tlie legs pale testaceous yellow ; the mandibles and head anteriorly
sometimes of a slight ferruginous colour ; the abdomen fuscous or
fusco-testaceous, and covered with a fine thin short silky pubescence ;
the head heart-shaped ; the eyes black, round, and placed forwards
and inwards ; the mandibles stout and triangular, their inner margin
with a row of acute ferruginous teeth. Thorax much naiTower than
the head, strangulated at the base of the metathorax, which is oblique
behind. Abdomen wider than the thorax, but not so wide as the head.
Hab. Bachian.

This insect varies in size, but the form and colouring is the same in all
the workers, the smallest of which is about one line long. " Found beneath
bark and about fern-roots."

6. Formica lactaria. F. nigra; antennis pedibusque pallide fer-
rugineis.

Worker. Length H line. Black; the head and abdomen smooth and
shining, the thorax rugose ; the antennae and legs rufo-testaceous, the
apical jbints of the tarsi palest; the maudibles pale ferruginous; the
head ovate. The thorax narrow, compressed behind, deeply strangu-
lated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter abruptly truncate
behind ; the abdomen ovate, the scale of the peduncle ovate.
Hub. Bachian.

This species varies in colour ; some specimens are obscurely ferruginous,
having the appearance of immaturity. Mr. Wallace says of this insect,
"Found in numbers, milking Aphides on blades of grass."

7. Formica incursor. F. nigra ; capite antice obscure ferrugineo ;
squama ovata.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black, smooth and shining ; the head sub-
ovate, narrowed anteriorly, the margin of the vertex rounded ; the eyes
rather large, ovate, and placed high on the sides of the head ; before
the insertion of the antenna; obscurely ferruginous ; the mandibles
and apical joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. The thorax narrowed
behind, with a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax.
Abdomen ovate and thinly sprinkled with pale glittering hairs ; the
scale of the pedimcle ovate, rounded above.

Hab. Bachian.

8. Formica rufifrons. F. nigra; capite oblongo, autice ferrugineo ;
antennis tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis.

96 MB. smith's DESCEIPTIONS OF HTMENOPXEEOUS INSECTS

Female. Length 3^ lines. Black, smooth and shining ; the head ob-
liquely truncate before the insertion of the antenna; ; the truncated
portion, the mandibles and head beneath, obscm'ely ferruginous ; the
eyes ovate, placed high on the sides of the head ; the ocelli in a
triangle wide apart on the vertex ; the flagellum fusco-ferruginous.
The thora.x oblong-ovate, the metathorax truncate, the margins of the
tnmcation rounded ; the legs obscure rufo-fuscous, with the tips of
the tarsi paler ; the wings fuscous. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of the
])eduncle narrow, thickened and obtusely rounded above.
Worker. Length 2j Unes. Closely resembling the female, but the
head not shining ; ferruginous before the eyes and rugose ; the
antennae ferruginous, with the apex of the scape and first joint of the
flagellum blackish. Thorax and abdomen smooth and shining, the
former compressed behind ; the anterior tibiae in front and the apical
joints of all the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of
the peduncle narrow, its superior margin rounded.
Hub. Bachian.
This species, although bearing a close resemblance to F. mutilata fi-om

Ai'u, and also to the F. truncata of Europe, is quite distinct from both

those species.

9. Formica PA viDA. F. nigerrima, mandibulis tarsorumque articulo
apicali ferrugineis ; alis fulvo-hyalinis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining ; the head
oblong-quadrate; the antennae fusco-ferruginous, the base of the
scape and of the flagellum paler ; the mandibles and anterior margin
of the clypeus ferruginous ; the inner edge of the mandibles with four
or five acute teeth. The thorax oblong-ovate ; the metathorax with
a central smooth longitudinal channel ; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the
nervures ferruginous ; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. Ab-
domen oblong-ovate ; the scale of the peduncle incrassate and obtuse
above.

Hab. Bachian.

10. Formica familiaris. F. pallida testacea; capite thoraceque
postice fusco-nigris.

Worker. Length | line. Pale testaceous, semi-transparent ; the thorax
at the sides, and behind, more or less dusky ; the head dark fuscous,
with the mandibles white.
Hab. Bachian.

This minute Ant is found in houses. Mr. Wallace says that, when living,
its body, legs, and antennae are transparent.

11. Formica DoRYCUS. F. nigra, elongata et gracilis ; capite postice
in coUum angustato; pedibus elongatis ; abdominis nodo supra acuto

Worker. Length 6 lines. Black, smooth and shining ; head elongate,
widest in front, slightly narrowed towards the eyes, and abruptly so
behind them, forming a sort of neck ; the scape of the antennae fus-

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 97

cous, the flagelluni pale rufo-testaceous ; the tips of the mandibles
ferruginous, their innei- margin with three or four short acute teeth,
their apex forming a long stout acute tooth. Thorax elongate, nar-
rowest behind and slightly compressed ; the legs elongate, slender,
ferruginous and slightly pubescent. Abdomen ovate, the apical mar-
gins of the segments rufo-piceous ; the node of the peduncle wedge-
shaped and pointed above.
Hab. Dory.

This species resembles the worker of F. gigas, which is found in India,
Malacca, Singapor, Borneo, &c., but the head is different in form, the
colour is different, and the form of the scale of the peduncle differs too
much, I think, for the insect to be considered as a form of F. gigas ; it must,
however, be one of the largest known species of the FormicidcB.

12. Formica DESECTA. F. nigra nitida; capite antice truncate.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Jet black, shining ; the head wider than the
thorax, truncate anteriorly; the truncation and sides of the head rugose ;
the mandibles rugose ; the ocelli placed wide apart in a triangle, the
posterior pair situated on the hinder margin of the vertex ; the eyes
ovate, placed very high on the sides of the head; the antennae reach-
ing to the insertion of the wings, the flagellum rufo-testaceous. Tho-
rax, oblong-ovate, very smooth and shining; the wings hyaline and
iridescent, the nervures pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen oblong-ovate ;
the node of the peduncle incrassate, truncate above.

Hab. Dory.

Gen. Tapinoma, Foerst.

\. Tapinoma pratensis. T. capite, thorace, pedibusque pallide fer-

rugineis ; abdomine fusco-nigro.
Worker. Length \\ line. Head and thorax pale ferruginous, smooth

and shining ; the antennae and legs pale testaceous. Abdomen dark

fuscous and sub-opake ; the scale of the peduncle ovate, hidden

beneath the base of the abdomen.
Hab. Bachian.

Gen. PoLTRHACHis, Smith.

\. Polyrhachis bihamatus, Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 38. f. 8. $ .

Hab. India ; Borneo ; Sumatra ; Bachian.

The curved spines or hooks with which this remarkable species is armed
vary greatly in different individuals, not only in being more or less
curved or elongate, but the two spines which rise from the peduncle
of the abdomen, on a short base, are sometimes widely divergent ; in
other individuals, they are continued nearly parallel, only curving
apart, outwardly, at their summit ; in the specimens from Bachian
the spines are shorter and stouter than in any I have previously ex-
amined,— but I can only regard this as a local variety of the Indian
species.

98 ME. smith's descriptions of nTMENOPTEBOUS INSECTS

2. Polyrhacliis marginatus. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859, iii. 139.
Hab. Aril ; India ; Philippine Islands ; Bachian.

3. Polyrhachis dives, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857, ii- 64.
Hab. Malacca; Bachian.

4. Polyrhachis sericatus, S»ii<A, J|)/}eM(^. C«^. Form. p. 200 j Proc. Linn.
Soc. iii. 139.

Formica sevicata, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 203 ; Atlas, Ins. pi. 8. f. 2.
Hab. Dory ; New Hebrides ; Aru.

5. Polyrhachis sexspinosus, La^r. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p, 126.pl. 4. f.21. ^
Hab. Dory ; Aru ; Philippine Islands ; Java.

6. Polyrhachis Charaxus. P. capite thoraceque nigris ; antennis
pedibusque ferrugineis ; abdoraine castaneo-rufo; squama spinis duabus
acutis armatis.

Worker. Length 2j lines. Head and thorax black, the head shining,
very finely and closely punctured ; the clypeus anteriorly, the man-
dibles and antennae ferruginous, the latter palest towards the apex.
The thorax flattened and finely rugose above, the lateral margins
raised ; the metathorax obliquely truncate, with two minute acute
spines at the verge of the truncation ; the legs ferruginous, the apical
joints of the tarsi palest. Abdomen globose, chestnut red ; the scale
of the peduncle armed with two acute spines. (Plate I. fig. 14.)

Hab. Bachian.

Taken in a small ovate papery nest on the underside of a leaf.

7. Polyrhachis BusiRis. P. niger, Isevis, nitidusque ; thorace in-
ermi ; petioli squamula quadrispinosa.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining. Thorax
rounded above, obliquely truncate behind. Abdomen globose; the
node of the peduncle armed with four short acute teeth. (Plate I.
fig. 15.)

Hab. Dory ; Bachian.

8. Polyrhachis Acantha. P. niger, pube cinereo-sericea vestitus ;
thorace spinis acutis antice et postice armato ; squama sjiinis duabus
longis curvatis.

Worker. Length 2| lines. Black : clothed with a thin silky cinereous
pile ; the disk of the thorax rounded ; the spines in front short, stout,
and acute ; those on the metathorax long, divergent, and slightly
curved inwards; the spines on the peduncle are stout, acute, and
curved to the shape of the base of the abdomen. The abdomen
globose. (Plate I. fig. 16.)

Hab. Bachian.

9. Polyrhachis Merops. P. niger, Isevis, nitidus; thorace antice
spinis duabus longis acutis armato ; femoribus et pedunculo ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 3 2 lines. Black, smooth, shining and very thinly
covered with a changeable i)ile ; the mandibles shining black, longi-

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 99

tudinally striated and denticulate on their inner margin ; the face
covered with silvery white pubescence. Thorax flattened above and
at the sides, armed anteriorly on each side with an acute sjjine ; the
metathorax truncate ; the thorax, viewed laterally, is quadrate ; the
femora and scale of the peduncle fen-uginous ; the latter is emarginate
above with the angles oblique, the angles of the emargination pro-
duced into short acute spines. Abdomen globose, the red colour of
the femora reflecting on its changeable pile. (Plate I. fig. 17-)
Hab. Bachian.

10. PoLYRHACHis Ithonus. P. uiger, pube argentea vestitus, pro-
thorace bispinoso ; petioli squamula quadrispinosa, pedibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black, and covered with a glittering silvery
pile ; the mandibles shining black, longitudinally finely striated, and
armed on their inner edge with a row of short acute teeth. The pro-
thorax rounded and with a sharp spine at the lateral angles ; the sides
slightly rounded ; the metathorax truncate ; the legs ferruginous, with
the tarsi black. Abdomen globose; the node of the peduncle slightly
emarginate above, the lateral angles acute with a sharp spine outside.
The Worker has the spines on the thorax longer and acute, the sides
and disk of the thorax flattened, the divisions between the pro-, meso-
and metathorax notched at the sides. The pedimcular scale has the
lateral angles of the emargination above produced into acute spines,
the outer spines not being longer than in the female. (Plate I. fig. 18.)

Hab. Bachian.

11. PoLYRHACHis EuDORA. P. nigcr et vestitus pube pallide aurea;
prothorace bispinoso ; petioli squamula trispinosa.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black, and densely clothed with fine silky
pale golden pile ; the mandibles shining black, with four or five acute
teeth on their inner edge. The thorax rounded anteriorly, with an
acute spine at the lateral angles ; the sides slightly rounded ; the me-
tathorax truncate behind, the lateral margins above, carinate ; the
legs and antennae naked. The abdomen globose ; the node of the
peduncle has its superior margin rounded, with an acute spine at the
lateral angles, and one in the centre. The Worker resembles the
female, but has the sides of the thorax flat, the anterior spines longer,
and has no ocelli, which are prominent in the female ; the spines on
the ])eduncular node are also longer. (Plate L fig. 19.)

Hab. Bachian.

This species closely resembles P. vigilans from China, but diflfers in the
form of the head and scale of the peduncle.

12. PoLYRHACHis Metella. P. uigcr ct vcstitus pube pallidc am'ca ;
metathorax petiolique squamula bispinosis pedibus obscure ferru-
gineis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black, and thinly covered with a changeable
golden pile ; head nearly oblong- quachatc ; the palpi elongate and

100 MB. smith's besceiptioks of htmenopterotjs insects

pale ferruginous ; thorax flattened above, the margins acute and slightly
elevated; the metathorax oblique and armed with two long acute
spines, directed backwards ; the femora ferruginous, the tibiae and
tarsi very obscurely so, not pubescent. Abdomen : ovate, the node
of the peduncle with two acute spines, shorter than those on the
metathorax ; antennae as long as the body. (Plate I. fig. 20-21.)
Hab. Dory.

Most of the species belonging to this genus are, when in fine condition,
covered with glossy pile, but it is easily abraded. This is the case, I sus-
pect, in the majority of specimens.

13. PoLYRHACHis Atropos. P. nigcr, capite thoraceque striatis ;
thorace spinis duabus acutis antice et duabus postice armato ; abdo-
minis squama bispinosa.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black : the head longitudinally striated, very
prominent in the middle before the eyes ; the sides of the face de-
pressed and flattened The thorax flattened above, longitudinally
striated, the lateral margins raised, the anterior angles short, stout,
and acute _, the division between the pro- and mesothorax deeply im-
pressed ; the metathorax obliquely truncate, armed with two acute
spines which are directed backwards. Abdomen : globose and thinly
clothed with short pale glittering pile ; the peduncle has the node
armed with two curved spines directed horizontally backwards round
the base of the abdomen. (Plate I. fig. 22.)

Hab. Dory.

14. PoLYRHACHis AcASTA. P. uigcr, pubc cinereo-sericea vestitus ;
thorace antice posticeque abdominisque squama spinis duabus longis
acutis armatis ; pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus apicis tarsisque nigris.

Worker. Length 3} lines. Black, and thinly clothed with silky cine-
reous pile. Thorax rounded above : the anterior spines are short,
stout, and acute ; those on the metathorax are twice as long, stout
and slightly divergent ; those on the peduncle are long, acute, and
curved backward, corresponding to the form of the base of the abdo-
men ; the tibiae and femora ferruginous, the tips of the latter black.
(Plate I. fig. 23.)
Hab. Bachian.

This insect, Mr. Wallace says, " constructs a coarse papery nest in a rolled
leaf;" all the species of this genus, as far as I have ascertained, form small
nests of some papyraceous material, aifixing them to leaves : I have re-
ceived such from Calcutta.

15. PoLYRHACHis Alphenus. P. nigcr pube cinereo-sericea ves-
titus ; thorace spinis duabus minutis antice et postice armato ; squama
quadrata spinis duabus crassis acutis armata, flagello apice ferrugineo.

Fetnale. Length 4 lines. Black, and thinly covered with cinereous pile.
The mandibles, palpi, and six apical joints of the antennae, ferruginous.
Thorax subovate, with two minute spines in front and two rather

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 101

longer and stouter on the metathorax; the scale of the peduncle qua-
drate, armed above with two short spines; the abdomen globose.
(Plate I. fig. 24.)
Hab. Bachian.

16. PoLYRHACHis Labella. P. niger ; thorace spinisduabus acutis
antice armato ; abdominis squamula spinis duabus longis acutis ar-
mata ; tibiis pallide ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black : the head and thoras covered with
fine silky cinereous pubescence ; the thorax flattened above and lon-
gitudinally striated ; the lateral margins raised and produced anteriorly
into flat acute spines ; the divisions between the pro-, meso-, and me-
tathorax strongly impressed ; the metathorax truncate behind ; the
tibiae, except their extreme base, ferruginous; the claws of the tarsi
feiTuginous. The abdomen smooth and shining; the node of the
peduncle with two long, stout, erect, slightly curved spines, with an
acute angle outside their base. (Plate I. fig. 25.)

Hab. Bachian.

17. PoLYRHACHis FERVENS. P. capitc abdomincquc nigris, thorace
femoribusque obscure ferrugineis ; thorace quadrispinoso ; petioli
squamula bispinosa.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Head and antenna3 black, the face thinly
covered with short, glittering, pale pubescence ; the thorax, peduncle,
and femora obscure ferruginous, the tips of the latter black ; the thorax
flattened above, the margins acute and raised ; the division between
the pro- and mesothorax strongly impressed ; the prothorax with two
acute, stout, flattened spines ; the metathorax has also two acute,
bent spines, which are slightly divergent, their tips black ; the spines
on the node of the peduncle long, acute, and curved to the form of
the base of the abdomen ; the latter black, and covered with a thin
silky changeable pile. (Plate I. fig. 26.)

Hab. Amboyna.

Gen. CEcoPHTLLA, Smith.

Head small; eyes ovate, of modei'ate size, placed laterally about the
middle of the head ; ocelli three in a triangle in the males and females,
obsolete in the workers ; antennce geniculated, filiform, as long as the
head and thorax in the males and females, as long as the body in the
workers : 12-jointed in the females and workers, 13-jointed in the
males : mandibles porrect, acute, and crossing at their apex, their
inner margin denticulate ; labial palpi, 4-jointed, very minute, the
basal joint a little longer than the two following, the apical one much
shorter ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, stout, short, and having joints of
nearly equal length, except the apical, which is minute. Thorax ovate
in the males and females, elongate and very slender in the workers,
which sex has the legs elongate and very slender ; wincj/s ample, having

102 MR. smith's DESCRIPTIOJfS OF IIYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

one marginal and one subraarginal cell ; the discoidal cells obsolete.
Abdomen ovate, the node of the peduncle incrassate and subquadrate
in the females, in the workers forming a longish petiole clavate at the
apex; females and workers furnished with a sting. (Details, PI. I.
figs. 11, 12, 13.)
The characters here given will show the propriety of separating this in-
sect from the genus Formica, in which it has been hitherto included ; in my
general catalogue on the Formicidce I suggested the probability of this being
found necessary. There are apparently two species belonging to the
genus, — one F. smaragdina of Fabricius, the second F. virescens of that
author ; the differences between them are slight, but permanent ; the first
species inhabits India, most of the islands in the Archipelago, and thence
southward into the Moluccas; the second apparently distinct species is
found in Australia and South Africa ; these are the green Ants which
build in trees. Their nest is formed by drawing together a number of
green leaves, which they unite with a fine web. Some nests are a foot
in diameter ; they swarm, says Mr. Wallace, in billy forests in New Guinea ;
their sting is not very severe. This genus forms a link between the genera
Formica and Myrmica ; it agrees with the former in hslving a single node
to the peduncle, and with the latter in having the ocelli obsolete in the
workers, and in being fm-nished with a sting.

1. CEcophylla smaragdina. Smith (gen.).
Formica smaragdina, Fabr. Syst. Prez. p. 39/.

Hub. Dory ; Borneo ; Aru ; Celebes ; Sumatra ; Philippine Islands ;
India; Java.

Subfam. PONEEID^, Smith.

Gen. Odontomachus, Lafr.

1. Odontomachus s^evissimus. Smith. O. ferrugineus, lajvis,
nitidus; capite antice longitudinaliter striato; thorace oblongo,
transversim striato.

Female. Length 8 lines. Ferruginous : the head foveolate anteriorly
and delicately striated longitudinally; the mandibles with two long
stout, acute teeth at their apex, and with their inner margin serrated.
Thorax elongate ; the pro- and metathorax delicately striated trans-
versely ; legs elongate and slender. Abdomen ovate, very smooth and
shining ; of a rather deeper colour than the head and thorax. The
worker differs in having the thorax transversely striated throughout
its entire length, and narrowest in the middle; in the female it is
widest. (Plate I. fig. 9.)

Hab. Bachian; Ceram.

This species was first captured by Madame Ida PfeifFer at Ceram; the
female is here first described.

2. Odontomachus animosus. O. ferrugineus ; margine interno
mandibulorum serrato ; thorace transversim striato.

COLLECTED AT BACUIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 103

Worker. Length 5 lines. Ferruginous ; the head very shghtly nar-
rowed posteriorly ; the hinder portion of the sulcation of the head in
front with divergent striaj opposite, and before the eyes it is smooth
and shining ; from the sulcation to the posterior margin of the head
runs a deeply-impressed channel ; the head is faintly striated obliquely
behind the sulcation, there is also an oblique depression on each side ;
the mandibles with a row of short teeth on their inner margin, and
terminating in two incurved long, stout, blunt teeth. Thorax very
delicately and closely striated transversely. Abdomen smooth and
shining ; the node of the petiole with a long, acute, upright spine,

Hab. Dory.

3. Odontomachus nigriceps. O. ferrugineus ; capite nigro, supra
longitudinaliter striato ; lateribus la^vibus nitidis, thorace transversim
striato.

Worker. Length 6} lines. Ferruginous ; the head black, smooth and
shining; the anterior portion longitudinally striated, the striation
terminating at the oblique smooth ridges behind the eyes, which meet
in the middle of the head, whence a deep longitudinal channel runs
to the hinder margin ; the antennae and mandibles ferruginous, the
latter denticulate on their inner margin, and terminating in two long
incurved blunt teeth, which have a minute tooth in the middle of their
fork. The prothorax smooth and shining, with a slight transverse
striation on its neck in front ; the meso- and mctathorax finely striated
transversely. The node of the peduncle unispinose, and, as well as
the abdomen, smooth and shining, (PI. L fig. 9,)

Hab, Dory,

Gen. PoNEEA, Latr.

1 , Ponera laeviceps. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii, 69.
Hab. Bachian; Borneo.

2, PoNERA SOLITARIA. P. pallidc tcstacca ; antennis elongatis; alis
hyalinis ; capite postice angustato ; abdominis nodo conico,

Male. Length 4f lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, smooth and shiniug ;
antennse longer than the body ; the legs elongate ; the posterior tarsi
longer than the tibiae and femora ; the wings hyaline, and brilliantly
iridescent, the nervures ferruginous ; the node of the peduncle conical j
the abdomen constricted between the first and second segments,

Hab. Bachian.

3, Ponera vagans. P. nigra ; capite, thorace, abdominisque basi
striatis ; antennis, capite antice, man(Ubulis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Black : the clypeus, mandibles, antennae, and
legs, ferruginous ; the head finely striated longitudinally ; eyes promi-
nent and ovate. The prothorax with a rugose circular striation ; the
mctathorax with an even oblique sti-iation. The node of the peduncle
has an even curved striation, and two acute spines behind ; the basal
segment of the abdomen with an irregular fine curved striation ; the

104 MB. smith's desceiptions of hymenopteeous insects

apical margins of the third and fourth segments and the fifth entirely
obscure ferruginous ; the insect thinly covered with a silvery glittering
pubescent pile, which is very bright on the femora and sides of the
thorax.
Hab, Bachian.

4. PoNERA STRIATA. P. seueo-nigra ; capite, thoraee, abdominisque
basi profunde striatis ; nodo spinis duabus acutis armato.

Worker. Length 6 lines. Black, with a bluish-green tinge ; the head
closely, deeply, and evenly, striated longitudinally ; the mandibles
shining black, their apex rufo-piceous, with their inner margins fur-
nished with a row of short acute teeth. The prothorax with a circular
striation, that on the metathorax being oblique ; the tarsi and articula-
tions of the legs rufo-piceous. The abdomen densely covered with a fine
silky glittering white pubescence; the basal segment with an even
curved transverse striation ; the apical margins of the third svnd fourth
segments, and the fifth entirely, ferruginous ; the node of the peduncle
with transverse grooved striae, and armed behind with two acute spines ;
the insect has a scattered erect thin pale pubescence.
Hab. Bachian.

This species has a strong general resemblance to P. geometrica from
Singapore, but is very distinct ; in the latter species the grooving on the
prothorax is transverse and straight ; that on the metathorax is circular,
and has its centre in the middle of its disk, and the head is much naiTower
behind the eyes, which is not the case in the present species.

5. PoNERA SIMILLIMA. P. nigra; capite elongato aciculato ; abdo-
mine laevi nitido.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black ; head and thorax subopake, the
abdomen smooth and shining; the head oblong and longitudinally
aciculate ; the anterior margin of the clypeus, the mandibles, flagellum,
tarsi, and articulations of the legs, rufo-testaceous. The thorax sub-
rugose, with the oblique truncation of the metathorax transversely
striated. The abdomen very smooth and shining with the apex ob-
scurely rufo-piceous ; the node of the peduncle quadrate.

Hab. Bachian.

This species very closely resembles P. laviceps, from Borneo.

6. PoNERA CUPREA. P. nigra, cupreo variegata; capite, thoraee, ab-
dominisque basi profunde striatis, nodo spinis duabus acutis armato.

Worker. Length 5 lines. Black, with an obscure coppery tinge ; the
mandibles and legs obscurely ferruginous ; the extreme ajiex of the
flagellum pale rufo-testaceous. The head deeply striated, longi-
tudinally, the clypeus and mandibles very finely so ; the head nar-
rowed behind the eyes. The thorax transversely striated, above the
sides obliquely so ; the legs slightly pubescent. Abdoiuen : the basal
segment transversely striated, the striae curved forwards ; the node of

COLLECTED AT BACIIIAN, KAISAA, ETC. lOo

the peduncle incrassate, rounded anteriorly and truncate behind, with
two acute upright spines ; the striation curves round the node in front
and is transverse behind ; the apical margins of the second and follow-
ing segments narrowly pale testaceous.
Hub. Dory.

This species resembles P. (/eometrica, but is very distinct. We are now
acquainted with more than a dozen of these striated species of Ponera, all
differing in the direction and depth of the striation, which is in each ex-
tremely beautiful.

7. PoNERA SIMILLIMA. P. fusco-bruunea ; capite postice fusco-nigro ;
oculis ovalibus, hirtulis ; ocellis distinctis ; alis hyalinis ; abdoraine
elongato, apice pallide testaceo.
Worker. Length If line. Darkish brown, some individuals reddish-
brown ; the head dark fuscous and semi-opake above the insertion
of the antennae ; the head anteriorly, the mandibles, antennae, and
legs ferruginous ; the eyes ovate, placed in the middle at the sides of
the head. Thorax oblong-ovate, the metathorax obliquely truncate.
Abdomen : the scale of the peduncle incrassate, vertical ; its superior
margin slightly emarginate ; a constriction between the first and
second segments ; the apex pale testaceous.
Hab. Dory.

This minute species very closely resembles the P. contractu of Europe ;
it differs principally in having the eyes situated in the middle of the sides
of the head, in the European insect they are smaller and placed forward at
the base of the mandibles ; the form of the scale is different, and the body
is finely pubescent ; there is a species from Brazil, P. ruficornis, very like it.

Gen. Ambltopone, Erichs.

1. Amblyopone castaneus. a. ferrugineus, nitidus punctatus; capite
antice longitudinaliter striato ; margine interno mandibularum con-
fertim dentato.

Worker. Length 44 lines. Ferruginous ; head wider than the thorax,
slightly rounded at the sides, and emarginate behind, finely and
distinctly punctured above, anteriorly it is longitudinally striated ;
the anterior margin fuscous ; the antennje short and stout ; the fla-
gellum clavate ; the mandibles with a row of short, stout, acute teeth
on their inner margin ; the head has a few scattered erect hairs.
Thorax : the prothorax subglobose, strongly punctured in front ; tlie
mesothorax short and transverse ; the metathorax oblong, parallel, and
punctured ; the apex transversely striated ; the legs short, stout, and
pubescent. Abdomen : the basal segment strongly punctured, the
second and following segments delicately and veiy sparingly so ; the
first and second segments deeply constricted at their margins ; the
apex pointed and pidjcscent, the pubescence ferruginous. (Plate L
fig. 6.)

Hab. Bachian.
LINN. PEOC. — ZOOLOGY, SUPPLEMENT. 8

106 MB. smith's descriptions of IIYMENOPTEEOUS IKSEOTS

This insect, which I place in Erichson's genus Amhlyopone, differs from
the type in the antennae being short and stout, with the flagellum club-
shaped ; in ^. australis they are rather slender, and the flagellum is
very slightly thickened at the apex ; in every other particular they agree.

Gen. PSEUDOMYBMA, Gu^r.

1. PsEUDOMYRMA LiEViCEPS, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 1^5. ^.
Hub. Dory; Aru.

2. PsEUDOMYRMA MODESTA. P. rufo-pallida, laivis, nitida ; abdo-
mine nigro.

Worker. Length If line. Pale rufo-testaceous ; the head oblong;
the eyes large and ovate ; the flagellum clavate ; the club three-
jointed. Thorax oblong, narrowed posteriorly, with the metathorax
comjn-essed above ; the legs short and stout. Abdomen black and
ovate; the first node of the peduncle petiolated, the second pear-
shaped, both of a pale rufo-testaceous colour.

Hab. Bachian.

3. PsEUDOMYRMA NITIDA. P. nigra, nitidiuscula ; antenuis, tibiis,
tarsisque pallide testaceis.

Worker. Length If line. Jet-black, smooth and shining ; eyes very
large, ovate, and about half the length of the head ; the antennss and
mandibles pale testaceous ; a faintly-impressed line extends from the
insertion of the antennae to the vertex. The thorax narrowed poste-
riorly, and deeply strangulated between the pro-, meso-, and meta-
thorax ; the tibiae and tarsi pale testaceous. Abdomen ovate : the
first node of the peduncle petiolated, the second subglobose.

Hab. Bachian.

Gren. Mesoxeka, Smith.

Head suborbiculate, a little wider than the thorax ; eyes round, promi-
nent, situated in the middle at the sides of the head ; ocelli obsolete in
the worker ; anfennce geniculated, the scape one-third shorter than the
flagellum ; the flagellum 11 -jointed, gradually increasing in thickness
from the basal to the apical joint, the latter pointed at its apex ; the
maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the first joint minute, the rest elongate.
Thorax oblong, the sides nearly parallel, the anterior and posterior
margins slightly rounded ; the divisions between the pro-, meso-, and
metathorax not perceptible, or monomerous ; legs of moderate length,
the calcaria at the apex of the intermediate and posterior tibiae very
shoii;. Abdotnen subovate ; the basal segment very large, nearly con-
cealing the following ones ; the peduncle with a single node, the node
incrassate, nearly as wide as the thorax, truncate anteriorly and
rounded behind.

Tlie characters laid down for this remarkable genus are drawTi

COLLECTED AT BACniAN, KAISAA, ETC. 107

from a worker or ueuter insect. I have been unable to trace tbe
labial palpi, and had only a single individual for examination. It
will be seen that Mesoxena partakes of the characters of two very
distinct families, the Foneridce and the Gryptoceridce. ; of the
former, in the character, or form of the head, thorax, and pedun-
cvdar node; and of the latter, in the enlargement of the basal
segment of the abdomen.

I. Mesoxena MiSTURA. M. nigra; antennis apice, femoribus basi, et
tarsis pallide ferrugineis.

Worlcer. Length 2 lines. Black, subopake, smooth and impunctate ;
the antennae nearly as long as the thorax ; the apical half of the fla-
gellum rufo-testaceous ; the eyes very })rominent. Thorax oblong,
the sides very slightly contracted in the middle, slightly rounded in
front and behind ; the tip of the coxae, the trochanters, the extreme
base of the femora and tarsi, rufo-testaceous. Abdomen subovate ;
the node of the peduncle subglobose, truncate in front, and rounded
behind. (Plate I. fig. 10.)

Hah. Bachian.

Fam. MTEMICID.^, Smith.
G-en. Mtrmica, Latr.

1. Myrmica OBLONGA. M. rufo-fusca ; abdomine fuscescente, ajtice
pallido ; metathorace declivi, mutico.

Worker. Length 1| line. Obscure ferruginous, with the antennae,
head anteriorly, mandibles, legs, and the apex of tbe abdomen, pale
ferruginous. The bead oblong and delicately striated ; the eyes small
and placed forward at the sides of the head. Thorax smooth and
shining, with a few dehcate scattered punctures anteriorly. Abdo-
men oblong-ovate, the apex pointed ; thinly sprinkled with pale
glittering hairs.

Hab. Bachian.

2. Myrmica poneroides. M. fusco-nigra, sparse palUde pilosida;
mandibuhs, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis ; capite et thorace longi-
tudinaliter striatim rugulosis.

Female. Length 2 lines. Dark fuscous, approaching blackness ; the
head and thorax subopake, the nodes of the peduncle and the abdomen
smooth and shining; the antennae, clypeus, mandibles, and legs, fer-
ruginous ; the club of the flagellum three-joiuted. The bead and
thorax covered with an irregular longitudinal rugose striation ; a
smooth shining line runs from the anterior stemma to the base of the
clypeus, and a similar line divides the thorax down the middle. Ab-
domen oblong-ovate, the apex with glittering pale pubescence.

Hab. Bachian.

This species has the general appearance of a Pnnera, and, were it not

8*

108 MB. smith's descriptions of htmenopterous insects

that it has two nodes in the peduncle, would be mistaken for a species
of that genus. I strongly suspect this to be the female of M. oblonga ;
they have a close specific resemblance.

3. Mybmica PUNCTATA. M. rufo-ferrugincaj capite thoraceque pro-
funde punctatis ; antennis pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.

Worker. Length \l line. Reddish-brown, with the antennae and legs
pale rufo-testaceous ; the antennae nearly as long as the body ; the
head and thorax covered with large deep punctures ; the metathorax
with two slender acute spines ; the abdomen globose, and verj^ smooth
and shining.

Hab. Bachian.

4. Myrmica modesta. M. rufo-pallida ; capite, thorace, et petiolo
longitudinahter punctato-striatis ; metathorace spinis duabus acutis ;
abdomine fuscescente, basi pallido.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Pale rufous ; the head, thorax, and nodes of
the petiole, coarsely striated longitudinally, the striae with regular,
large shallow punctures ; the mandibles, antennae, and legs, rather
paler than the thorax and head ; the metathorax with two short acute
spines. Abdomen ovate and fuscous, with the extreme base pale;
slightly pubescent, and very smooth and shining.

Hab. Bachian.

5. Myrmica l^vissima. M. pallide flavescens, laevis, nitida; anten-
narum clava flagelli biarticulata ; metathorace mutico ; abdomine
nitido, apice fuscescente.

Worker. Length If line. Pale yellow, very smooth and shining ;
thinly sprinkled with erect pale hairs ; the first node of the peduncle
distinctly petiolated. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with the apical half
fuscous.

Hab. Bachian.

Found in houses.

6. Myrmica polita. M. obscure ferruginea, laevis, tota nitidissima,
nuda ; mandibulis, flagellis, pedibusque pallide ferrugineis.

Worker. Length Ij line. Obscurely ferruginous, entirely smooth,
shining, and impunctate; the mandibles, flagellum, and legs rufo-
testaceous ; the scape of the antennae fusco-ferruginous. The meta-
thorax armed with two acute spines. Abdomen ovate, truncate at the
base ; the first node of the peduncle petiolated ; both the nodes and
the apex of the abdomen pale rufo-testaceous.

Hab. Bachian.

7. Myrmica c^ca. M. pallide flavescens, laevis, nitida, clava flagelli
triarticulata ; metathorace declivi, mutico.

Worker. Length 1 J line. Pale yellow, entirely smooth and shining ;
the mandibles ferruginous ; the antennae a little longer than the head j

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KATSAA, ETC. 109

tbe eyes and ocelli obsolete ; the thorax strangulated in the middle ;
the nodes of the peduncle transverse, rounded above ; abdomen sub-
ovate, pointed at the apex.
Hab. Dory.

This small species, probably, is not a true Myrmica. I endeavom-ed to
extract the palpi, but did not succeed ; I must therefore retain it in the
genus Myrmica until other s])ecimens can be obtained for examination.

Gen. Ckematogasteb, Lund.

1. Crematogaster laboriosus. C pallide ferrugineus, la;vis et
nitidus ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus ; abdominis segmentorum margi-
nibus fuscis.

Female. Length 3J lines. Pale ferruginous, smooth and shining;
thorax oblong-ovate ; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures
colourless. Abdomen oblong-ovate, with the apical margins of the
segments fuscous ; the nodes of the peduncle compressed and sub-
ovate.

Hab. Bachian.

2. Crematogaster bicolor. C paUide flavescens, laevis, nitidus;
abdomine nigro.

Worker. Length 1 \ line. Honey-yellow ; the abdomen black, the
nodes of the peduncle yellow; very smooth and shining, the eyes
black; the thorax flattened above; the metathorax with two acute
spines. The abdomen heart-shaped, the peduncle attached to the
basal segment above.

Hab. Bachian.

3. Crematogaster obscurus. C. pallide testaceus, laevis et nitidus;
abdomine fusco.

Worker. Leagth Inline. Pale testaceous, smooth and shining; the
eyes black ; the abdomen fuscous, slightly testaceous at the base ; the
thorax flattened above ; the metathorax oblique, the lateral angles of
the verge of the truncation subdentate. The abdomen heart-shaped,
the apex pointed and recurved upwards.

Hab. Bachian.

4. Crematogaster irritabilis. C. castaneo-rufus, laevis nitidus-
que ; abdomine nigerrimo, nitido ; spinis metathoracis longis acutis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs chestnut-red; the
metathorax, in some specimens blackish, very smooth and shining,
with two stout, acute spines. Abdomen black, heart-shaped, pointed,
recurved upwards at the apex ; the first node of the peduncle petio-
lated, rather widest at the base and grooved in the middle, the second
node subglobose.

Hab. Dory.

110 MB. smith's descriptions of hymekoptebous insects

Gen. Heptacondtlus, Smith.

1. Heptacondylus RUGOsus. H. obscure fusco-ferrugineus ; capite

thoraceque longitudinaliter striatim rugulosis.
Worker. Length 2\ lines. Dark fusco-ferruginous ; the mandibles,
flagellum, and apical joints of the tarsi paler. The head and thorax
longitudinally striated, the former much more finely so than the latter ;
the flagellum six -jointed. The metathorax armed with two long acute
spines ; the legs pubescent. Abdomen ovate, smooth and shining,
truncate at the base ; tlie first node of the peduncle petiolated ; both
the nodes ovate and striated.
Hub. Bachian.

This species closely resembles H. carinatus, but the latter has the antennae
thicker and more pubescent, the head is smooth and shining, with a few
irregular longitudinal carinte ; in the present species the head is closely
striated.

Gen. PoDOMYBMA, Smith.

1. Podomyrma basalis, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 14/.
Hab. Amboyna ; Aru ; Dory.

2. Podomyrma nitida. P. obscure ferruginea, thorace abdomineqiie
Isevissimis lucidisque ; capite longitudinaliter striato ; femoribus
medio incrassatis, basi tenuibus.

Worker. Length 2i lines. Obscurely ferruginous; the antennaj, man-
dibles, legs, and nodes of the peduncle clear ferruginous ; the head
longitudinally and delicately striated ; the femora compi-essed and
broadly dilated in the middle, very much attenuated at their base ;
the metathorax obliquely trimcate, its sides longitudinally striated.
Abdomen oblong-ovate, attenuated at the base and tapering to a point
at the apex ; the petiole elongate, the nodes oblong.

Hab. Dory.

.'3. Podomyrma silvicola. P. ferruginea; capite thoraceque longi-
tudinaliter striatim rugulosis ; femoribus valde incrassatis, basi tenuis-
simis ; abdomine nitido.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the head and thorax
with longitudinal grooves or striae, those at the sides of the head
punctured ; the antenna;, mandibles, articulations of the legs and the
tarsi pale ferruginous; the anterior margin of the thorax rounded, with
the lateral angles produced into short spines ; the femora iucrassate
in the middle, very much attenuated at the base. Abdomen with a
beautiful silky gloss, caused by an extremely delicate aciculatiou,
visible under a high magnifying power ; the apical segments smooth
and shining ; the first node of the peduncle distinctly petiolated, with
a siuall acute tooth above, the second node globose. (Plate I. fig. 8.)

Hab. Rachiau.

Found by Mr. Wallace running on trunks of trees In a dry forest.

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. Ill

4. PoDOMYRMA SIMILLIMA. P. fusco-femiginea ; abdominis basi
pallide testacea; femoribus medio valde incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.

Worker. Length 3i lines. Ferruginous ; the head and thorax with
coarse longitudinal grooves or striae, those at the sides of the head
punctured; the scape in front, the anterior tibise in front, and the
intermediate and posterior tibiae at their base in front pale ferrugi-
nous ; the articulations of the legs and the ai)ical joints of the tarsi
bright ferruginous. The lateral margins of the thorax above raised ;
the anterior margin rounded, with the angles produced into short
acute spines. Abdomen shining, the basal half pale testaceous, and
very delicately longitudinally aciculate ; the first node of the peduncle
oblong, with a minute tooth at its base above, the second subovate.

Hub. Bachian.

This species very closely resembles P. hasalis from Ai'u ; it differs only
in being larger, in having the legs dark, and the abdomen of a much more
oblong form : it is probably a mere climatal variety.

Gen. Pheidole, Westio.

1. Pheidole notabilis. P. rufo-ferruginea ; capite maximo, in
medio sulcato et punctato; metathorace spinis duabus acutis armato.

Worker major. Length 2 lines. Dark ferruginous ; the head at least six
times the size of the abdomen, subquadrate, with the angles rounded,
strongly but not closely punctured, divided in the middle by a
deeply-impressed longitudinal line ; the mandibles very stout, curved,
and edentate. The thorax hidden beneath the head ; the metathorax
with two acute long spines. Abdomen ovate, of a darker colour than
the head.
Worker minor. Of the same colour as the worker major ; the head of
the ordinaiy size, and covered, as well as the thorax, with large semi-
confluent punctures. The thorax armed with two long straight spines
in front, and two curved ones on the metathorax. Abdomen rather
narrower than the head, and very smooth and shining.
Hab. Bachian.

This is a most remarkable species ; several are known to have workers
with largely developed heads, but this surpasses every species, in that par-
ticiUar, with which I am acquainted ; neither the large nor small workers
have toothed mandibles ; we have given a figure of each kind of worker.
(Plate I. figs. 3, 4.)

2. Pheidole rubra. P. rufo-ferruginea; capite maximo, longi-
tudinaliter aciculato ; antennis pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Worker major. Length 2 lines. Rufo-ferruginous, with the legs and
antenna? pale testaceous; the head wider than the abdomen, longi-
tudinally aciculate, the vertex transversely so; the eyes small and
placed forward at the sides ; the mandibles stout, with acute teeth on
their inner margin ; the club of the antenna; three-jointed. Thorax

112 ME. SMITU'S DESCRIPTIONS OF HTMENOPTEEOUS INSECTS

short, narrowed behind, and deeply constricted in the middle. Abdo-
men much wider than the thorax.

H'orker minor. Scarcely 1 line in length ; of the same colour as the
larger worker, entirely smooth and shining ; the head much smaller
in proportion than in the large worker, but stiU wider than the abdo-
men.

Hab. Bachian.

This species was found under rotten bark.

3. Pheidole plagiaria. p. ferruginea; capite maximo, in medio
sulcato ; abdomine apice fusco.

Worker major. Length 2 lines. Ferruginous, with the apical joints of
the flagellum and the tarsi ])ale testaceous. Head very large, at least
four times the size of the abdomen, longitudinally striated and deeply
notched behind; the clypeus and mandibles smooth and shining.
Thorax narrowest behind ; the prothorax produced at the sides and
subdentate ; the femora incrassate in the middle, much narrowed at
their base and apex; the metathorax armed with two short, acute
spines. Abdomen fusco-ferruginous ; with the extreme base pale.

Worker minor. One line in length, of the same colour as the large
worker, but entirely smooth and shining ; the antennae and legs much
more slender and elongate ; the head much smaller in proportion ; the
eyes larger, and placed in the middle of the sides.

Hah. Bachian.

Found on a dead tree, pulling White Ants out of their holes, and carrying
them away alive.

4. Pheidole pabulator. P. rufo-brunnea ; capite maximo, laevi et
nitido ; metathoracis spinis minutissimis ; abdomine apice fusco.

Worker major. Length 3 lines. Reddish brown ; the head very large,
smooth, and shining, emarginate behind, with an impressed line in the
centre running to the base of the clypeus ; the face anteriorly and the
mandibles pale ferruginous; the hinder portion of the head trans-
versely striated, the anterior portion longitudinally so ; the legs and
antenna; paler than the body. The thorax narrowed behind, with two
short, acute spines on the metathorax. Abdomen globose, in some
specimens nearly black, smooth, and shining.

Worker minor. Length 1-L}line. Of the same colour as the i/;or^er
major, but entirely smooth and shining ; the head a httle wider than the
abdomen ; the flagellum and legs pale ferruginous, and more elongate
than in the large worker.

Hab. Bachian.

Taken crossing a pathway in the forest, the giant specimens surrounded
by small ones, and often dragged along by them ; the small ones sting.

5. Pheidole megacephala. P. obscure ferruginea ; capite maximo
in medio sulcato ; metathorace bispinoso, abdomine ovato.

Worker. Length 6^ lines. Dark ferruginous ; head very large, sub-

COLLECTED AT BACHIAK, KAISAA, ETC. 113

quadrate, with the posterior angles rounded, deeply eraarginate behind :
a longitudinal channel runs from the emargination to the base of the
clypeus, and in it, exactly opposite the eyes, is a single ocellus ; the
head longitudinally striated anteriorly, not extending beyond the
ocellus ; the hinder portion of the vertex is transversely striated, in
front of which the head is delicately aciculate ; mandibles very stout,
black at their margins, and armed with two stout teeth at their apex.
Thorax transversely irregularly striated and rugose ; the scutellum
prominent ; the metathorax with two acute spines. Abdomen ovate ;
the apical half of the segments dark fusco-ferrugi^ous.

Hab. Bachian.

Workers 4 lines long, apparently of this species, differ from the larger
form in wanting the ocellus.

Gen. SoLENOPSis, Westw.

1. Solenopsis cephalotes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 149 (workers, major
and minor).

All the sexes of this species were taken by Mr. "Wallace from an under-
ground nest. The large workers have the head enormously developed,
and subquadrate ; their mandibles short, very stout, and curved, and
their inner edge is perfectly smooth, without teeth ; the small workers
have the head much smaller in proportion, being only a little wider
than the abdomen ; their mandibles have a row of acute teeth. The
female is of a pale ferruginous colour, with the head of the ordinary
size, the mandibles toothed, the wings colourless. Thorax oblong-
ovate J the abdomen oblong-ovate, with the apical half fuscous. The
club of the flagellum in this genus is composed of two joints; the
flagellum of the male tapering to a point.

Hab. Bachian.

This species, Mr. Wallace remarks, has a fiery sting.

Subfam. CRYPTOCEEID^, Smith.
Gen. EcHiNOPLA, SmitJi.

1. EcHiNOPLA PR^TEXTA. E. nigra; capite, thorace, et abdomiue
punctatis ; thorace oblongo, subquadrato ; pedunculo transverso ;
mandibulis, antennis, pedibusque ferrugineis.

Worker. Length 21 lines. Black ; the head and abdomen shining, not
so strongly punctured as the thorax, which is subopake, and has a
short, pale downy pubescence ; the head is also slightly pubescent on
the vertex. The legs, antennae, and mandibles ferruginous, the latter
stout, and armed on their inner edge with acute teeth ; the antennae
longer than the thorax ; the scape two-thirds of the length of the fla-
gellum, which is very slightly thickened towards the apex, the tip
acute. The thorax oblong-quadrate, and as wide as the head ; the
divisions between the pro-, meso-, and metathorax not discernible

114 ME. smith's D-ESCBIPTIONS or HTMENOPTEEOUS INSECTS

above ; the anterior angles acute, the posterior ones rounded. Abdo-
men ovate ; the scale of the peduncle transverse, each extremity armed
with four short teeth,

Hab. ?

I place this very curious Ant in the genus Echinopla with some hesita-
tion ; it possesses, however, all the external characters of that genus, the
form of the antennae, mandibles, abdomen, and the scale of its peduncle
resembling those of Echinopla. I have given a figure of this very interesting
addition to the Cryptocerida;. (Plate I. fig. 5.)

Gren. Cataulacus, Smith.

1. Cataulacus SETosus. C niger; capite postice recto marginibus
crenulatis ; thorace aspere sculpto, spinis duabus acutis postice armato ;
abdomine ovato, basi emarginato.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black ; the head, thorax, and nodes of the
peduncle rugose, the latter veiy coarsely so ; the head with irregular
longitudinal coarse striae ; the anterior margin of the clypeus widely
but slightly emarginate, the lateral angles acute ; the scape of the
antennaj and tip of the flagellum rufo-testaceous. Thorax : the sides
slightly narrowed to the base of the metathorax, and with a number
of short acute denticulations ; the two spines which arm the meta-
thorax are stout, acute, and curved slightly inwards. Abdomen deli-
cately shagreened, opake, and sprinkled with short, erect, white seta;.
The anterior tibiae and tarsi, the intermediate tarsi, and apical joints
of the posterior pair, rufo-testaceous ; the femora rugose, and with a
number of erect, short, rigid setae. (Plate I. fig. 7 •)

Hab. Bachian.

Gren. Thtnnus, Fair.

1. Thynnus erraticus. T. niger, orbitis oculorum mandibulisque
flavis ; pedibus ferrugineis ; alis fusco-hyalinis.

Male. Length 10 lines. Black; the head and thorax closely punc-
tured ; the scutellum and abdomen shining, and much more finely and
distantly punctured ; a line on the inner orbit of the eyes, a spot in
the middle of the clypeus, and a V-shaped mark above it, yellow ; the
labrum and mandibles reddish-yellow ; the clypeus truncate in front.
Thorax : a widely interrupted yellow line on the collar ; the meso-
thorax with four deeply-impressed longitudinal lines ; the wings
fusco-hyaline, darkest at their anterior margin and along the course
of the nervvu'es; the tibiae, femora, and base of the anterior tarsi
feiTuginous. Abdomen conical, shining, and finely punctured.

Hab. Bachian.

Fam. MIJTILLID^E, Leach.

1. Mutilla suspiciosa. Smith, Livn. Proe. Soc. ii. 84 c? .
Hab. Borneo; Makassar; Amboytia; Bachian.

COLLECTED AT BACHTAN, KAISAA, ETC. 115

2. MuTiLLA Merops. M. capitc abdomineque nigris ; thorace rubro ;
abdominis segmento tertio fascia argenteo-pubescente ornato ; maris
alis cseruleo violaceoque splendide micantibus.

Female. Length 6\ lines. Black ; the head rugose. Thorax oblong-
quadrate, coarsely rugose ; legs black, spinose, and thinly covered
with pale glittering hairs, the tarsi most densely so. Abdomen intense
velvety-black ; the third segment covered above with short silvery-
white hairs ; the sides of the apical segment with a mixture of white
and pale brownish hairs.

The male closely resembles the female, but has the eyes more deeply
notched, the thorax shorter, and the wings dark fuscous with a violet
lustre.

Hab. Bachian.

3. MuTiLLA Ianthea. F(£mina.^ M, nigra; thorace rufo; abdominis
segmentis argenteo pubescentibus, secundo maculis duabus albis sig-
nato, tertio fasciato.

Mas. Thorace supra et abdomine rubris ; alis fuscis, basi hyalinis.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black ; the thorax blood-red, oblong-quad-
rate, closely and strongly punctured ; the metathorax obliquely trun-
cate ; the mandibles ferruginous in the middle ; the cheeks, legs, and
sides with a ghttering silvery-white pubescence. Abdomen covered
with short black pubescence, the second segment with two minute
snow-white spots, and the third with a basal band of the same colour.

Male. Length 7i lines. Black ; the thorax above and the abdomen
ferruginous ; the wings brown, with their base hyaline ; the three
apical segments of the abdomen and the metathorax black.

Hab. Bachian.

4. MuTiLLA ANTHYLLA. M. nigra, pubescens ; aUs fuscis ; abdomine
ferrugineo, apice nigro.

Male. Length 6 lines. Head, thorax, and legs black, coarsely punc-
tured ; the metathorax covered with large shallow punctures, with a
groove in the centre of its base ; the face covered with long cinereous
pubescence ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. The thorax and
legs with a scattered cinereous pubescence; wings dark fuscous; the
base of the posterior pair pale. Abdomen ferruginous and shining,
with the apical margin of the fifth segment, and the sixth and seventh
entirely, black.

Hab. Bachian.

5. MuTiLLA Zebina. M. capite abdomineque nigris ; thorace san-
guineo-rubro ; abdominis segmenti secundi baseos maculis tribus ovatis
fasciaque segmenti tertii albo pubescentibus.

Female. Length 3^ lines. Black ; thorax and legs blood-red ; the
coxae also red ; the base of the mandibles and the tubercles at the
insertion of the antenna: red. The head and thorax coarsely punc-
tured, the latter oblong-quadrate ; the antennae, cheeks, and legs with

116 ME. smith's DESCKIPTIONS OF HTMENOPTEBOUS INSECTS

glittering silvery-white hairs. Abdomen : the base red ; the second
segment with three ovate maculae, and the third with a fascia, of silvery-
white pubescence ; the fourth segment with a widely interrupted fascia;
the apical segment shining and longitudinally striated.
Hab, Bachian.

6, MuTiLLA Pentheus. M. capite abdomineque nigris; thorace
pedibusque rubi-is, tibiis tarsisque fuscis ; abdomine fascia argenteo-
pubescente decorato.

Female, Length 3 lines. Head and abdomen black ; the thorax and
legs red ; the coxae, tips of the femora, tibiae, and tarsi fuscous ; the
tubercles at the insertion of the antennae, the apex of the scape, and
the mandibles, rufo-testaceous ; the head and thorax covered with
deep, coarse, confluent punctures, and thinly sprinkled with pale glitter-
ing hairs; the thorax oblong- quadrate. Abdomen covered with short
black pubescence ; the third segment with a fascia of silvery-white
pubescence ; the apical segment longitudinally striated ; the apex
fen-uginous.

Hab. Bachian.

7. MuTiLLA DoRiCHA. M. nigra, pubescens ; mandibulis pedibusque
ferrugineis ; abdominis segmenti secundi basi maculis duabus ovatis,
tertii fasciaque argenteo-pubescentibus.

Female. Length 4 lines. Black : the legs ferruginous ; the coxae, tips
of the femora, and apical joints of the tarsi black ; the mandibles
ferruginous at their base ; the head and thorax covered with coarse
confluent punctures, the latter oblong-quadrate ; the hinder portion
of the vertex thinly covered with short white pubescence. Abdomen :
the second segment with an ovate spot of snow-white pubescence on
each side at its base ; the third segment with a fascia of the same
colour; the apical segment longitudinally striated.

Hab. Dory.

Gen. ScoLiA, Fahr.

Div. L The anterior wings ivith two submarginal cells, and one recurrent

nervure.

1. Scolia quadriceps. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 153.
Hab. Bachian; Aiu.

2. Scolia nitida. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 152.
Hab. Bachian; Aru; Amboyna; Dory.

3. Scolia fulgidipennis. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 152.
Hab. Bachian; Aru.

4. Scolia nigeruima. S. nitida, nigra; abdomine prismatico ; alis
fuscis violaceo iridescentibus.

Female. Length 1 1 lines. Black; the head and thorax slightly shining ;

COLLECTED AT BACHTAN, KAISAA, ETC. 117

the former punctured on the vertex and impunctate before the ocelU ;
the hinder margin of the vertex fringed with a mixture of fuscous and
griseous hairs, the cheeics and sides of the face with whitish hair ;
the mandibles shghtly rufo-piceous in the middle. The wings fuscous
and with a violet iridescence, dai'kest along the anterior margin of the
superior pair ; the thorax is smooth above, except at the anterior mar-
gin of the mesothorax ; the truncation of the metathorax covered with
shining grey pile ; the spine at the apex of the anterior tibia; bent and
pale testaceous, those on the posterior pair spatulate and pale at their
apex; the legs very spinose. The abdomen very sparinglj' punctured,
and with a beautiful blue and violet iridescence.
Hab. Dory.

5. ScoLiA CULTA. S. nigra, ferruginco-hirta ; alis flavo-hyalinis ; tibiis
tarsisque ferrugineis ; abdomine fasciis tribus ochraceis.

Female. Length 13 lines. Black; the head and thorax strongly punc-
tured. The scape, anterior margin of the clypeus, and the mandibles
ferruginous, the latter with their margins and apex fuscous ; the clypeus
with several longitudinal impressions at its anterior margin; the head,
thorax, and legs with long ferruginous pubescence. Thorax : the
wings flavo-hyaline ; the nervures ferruginous ; the tegulae nifo-testa-
ceous ; a slight fulvous cloud beyond the marginal cell ; the tibiae
and tarsi ferruginous, strongly spinose ; the inner spine at the apex
of the postei'ior tibiae spatulate ; the posterior tibiae black at their
base beneath. Abdomen opake : the first, second, and third segments
with broad ochraceous fasciae on their apical margins, that on the
second widest, slightly emarginate in the middle, and with an indi-
stinct fuscous spot on each side ; the fourth segment has a narrow
interrupted line on its apical margin, and the apical segment is entirely
ochraceous ; all the segments, except the basal one, fringed with rigid
ferruginous pubescence ; beneath shining, with a row of strong punc-
tures near the apical margin of the segments, which are fringed with
pale ferruginous pubescence.
Hab. Dory.

This fine species closely resembles Tiphia radula of Fabricius, with which
probably Elis Tasmaniensis is synonymous, but those species belong to
another division of the genus Scolia, in which the anterior wings have two
recurrent nervures.

Div. II. The anterior wings with two suhnarginal cells and two recurrent

nervures.

6. Scolia aureicolUs, St. Fare/. Hym. iii. 499. $ .
Hah. Bachian ; Silhet ; Ceylon ; Philippine Islands.

1. Scolia aurulenta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iii, 102. ? .
Hab. Bachian ; Philippine Islands ; Celebes.

118 ME. smith's descriptions of IIYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

Div. III. The anterior wings with three submarginal cells and one recurrent

nervure.

8. ScoLiA MOROSA. S. nigra, subnitida; abdomine nitido, alis fuscis
viridi et violaceo micantibus.

Female. Length 15 lines. Black : the head and thorax subojiake, the
head impunetate with the cl) pens rugose, its anterior margin nar-
rowly and obscurely rufo-piceous. The mesothorax sparingly punc-
tured on the disk ; wings very dark, and brilliantly adorned with pris-
matic colours ; the legs covered with rigid spines. Abdomen ; shining
black, punctured, the middle of the segments very sparingly and finely
so ; the apical segment longitudinally strigose, the apical margin pale
testaceous.

Hab. Amboyna.

9. ScoLiA DUCALis. S. nigra nitida, capite supra basin antennarura
flavo ; alis nigris, violaceo micantibus.

Female. Length 14 lines. Shining, jet-black ; the head, between the
emargination of the eyes, and the posterior margin of the vertex, yel-
low : from the ocelli a small forked macula is directed forwards ;
the emargination of the eyes and the scapes of the antenna; shining and
im punctate ; the face and clypeus punctm-ed and rugose ; the scutel-
lum and mesothorax not closely or strongly punctured, the latter with
two impressed Unes which run forward from the lateral angles of the
scutellum, and terminate before reaching the anterior margin ; a cen-
tral line passes from the anterior margin and terminates at the middle
of the disk, which is shining impunetate ; the metathorax subopake,
closely punctured, and fringed laterally with black pubescence ; the
wings very dark and splendidly iridescent. Abdomen : the segments
sparingly punctured in the middle, the apical margins fringed with
black pubescence.

Hab. Kaisaa.

This species is closely allied to S. Alecto from Makassar, but is certainly
a distinct species.

Div. IV. The anterior wings with three submarginal cells and two
recurrent nervures.

10. ScoLiA DiMiDiATA, Guer. Voy. Coq, Zool. ii. pt. 2. p. 247- $ •
Hab. Bachian; Celebes; Amboyna; Isle of Boiuou.
In this species the two recurrent nervures unite and pass in a single
nervure into the second submarginal cell.

Gen. TiPHiA, Fahr.

\. TiPHiA CARBONARiA. T. nitida atra punctata, linea intermedia
metathoracis lineam transversam excurrente ; alis subhyalinis, stjg-
mate atro.

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 119

Female. Length 7 lines. Jet-black and shining ; the head strongly
punctured; the face and cheek with a thin glittering silvery-white
pubescence, the scape with a floccus of the same colour at the apex
beneath ; the mandibles dark ferruginous, with their apex black. The
pro- and mesothorax strongly punctured; the metathorax smooth and
shining, with three longitudinal carinte, all of which extend from the
base to the verge of the truncation ; the latter opake ; the wings fusco-
hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black. Abdomen ; sparingly
and delicately punctured, rather more strongly so towards the apex ;
the apical segment rugose, with the apical margin pale testaceous.

Hub. Bachian.

Fam. POMPILIDtE, Leach.
Gren, PoMPiLUS, Fair.

1 . Porapilus analis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 111.$.
Hab. Bachian ; India ; Java ; Ceylon ; Celebes.

2. Pompilus Peleterii, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 257 ; Atlas Ins. no. 9,
f. 2. ? .

Hah. Amboyna.

3. Pompilus depredator. P. niger, vertice, tibiis tarsisque ferru-
gineis, alis flavo-hyalinis ; abdominis segmento secundo et tertio fasciis
basalibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length 8i lines. Black, the head above the insertion of the
antennae, the scape and two basal joints of the antennae, the middle
of the mandibles, and the palpi ferruginous; the vertex black.
Thorax covered with very short black pubescence ; the wings yellow,
orange towards their base, the apical margins of the superior pair
with a narrow fuscous border; the tibiae, tarsi, and tips of the
femora, ferruginous. Abdomen : the basal margins of the second
and third segments, and a longitudinal stripe on the apical segment,
ferruginous.

Male. Length 65 lines. Very closely resembles the female, but has
the outer orbit of the eyes, the face and mandibles entirely yellow ;
the antenna; thicker with the joints sub-arcuate ; the scutellum and
postscutellum yellow ; the collar yellow ; the abdomen with an ad-
ditional fascia and a yellow spot on the basal segment.

liab. Bachian.

4. Pompilus fulgidipennis. P. caendeo-niger ; abdomine irides-
cente ; alis caeruleo violaceoque splendide micantibus.

Female. Length 8} lines. Blue-black, very bright in certain lights ;
the abdomen with changeable violet tints ; the head with an impressed
line running fi-om the base of the clypeus to the anterior ocellus. The
prothorax subquadrate, about the same length as the metathorax ; the
latter truncate, or slightly hollowed out behind to the form of the base

120 MK. smith's descriptions of nYMENOPTEROirs INSECTS

of the abdomen ; the legs blue, the claw-joint of the tarsi black ;
wings very dark brown, with a s])lendid coppery and violet effulgence.
Hab. Bachian.

5. PoMPiLUS OPULENTUS. P. ater, capite, thorace, abdomineque ar-
genteo maculatis ; alis fuscis, apice nigro-fuscis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black and shining; the face and cheeks
covered with silvery pile ; the mandibles rufo-piceous. Thorax : a
spot on each side before the wings, another behind them, aline on
each side of the metathorax, the pectus, trochanters beneath, and a spot
on the sides beneath the wings, covered with a bright silvery pile ;
the tibiae and tarsi pilose ; the wings fuscous, with their apical mar-
gins darkest. Abdomen : the second and following segments with a
silvery spot on each side at their basal margins.

Hab. Bachian.

Gen. Agenia, Schiddte.

1. Agenia Atalanta, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 94.
Hab. Bachian; Singapore.

2. Agenia Amalthea, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 155.
Hab. Bachian; Aru.

.3. Agenia LuciLLA. A. obscure cyanea, pube argenteo-albida ; ab-
domine sub-petiolato ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 5 lines. Obscure blue-black, wdth a thin silvery-
white pubescence ; the face with a dense silvery pile ; the tips of the
mandibles ferruginous. Thorax : the metathorax transversely striated,
most strongly so towards the apex ; wings colourless-h}'aline and iri-
descent ; the legs not spinose. Abdomen : covered with a bright
changeable silvery pile, which is most dense towards the apex ; the
extreme apex pale testaceous, and the apical segment with a central
longitudinal carina.

Hab. Amboyna.

G-en. Priocnemis {Schiddte).

1. Priocnemis fervidus. Smith, Proc. Linn, Soc. iii. 156.
Hab. Dory ; Aru.

The specimen from Dory differs from the Aru specimens in having the
basal segment of the abdomen ferruginous, in addition to the red head,
thorax, and legs; in all other particulars they are identical.

2. Priocnemis flavipennis. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 79.
Hab. Bachian; Makassar (Celebes).

3. Priocnemis CoNFECTOR. P. niger ; abdomine pube aurea vestito,
alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.

Female. Length 12 lines. Black; the head and thorax with a thin,
long, black pubescence ; the clypeus widely emarginate in fiont ; the

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 121

wings dark brown with a bright coppery and violet iridescence, the
base of the wings with tints of blue ; the legs elongate, the posterior
tibiae strongly serrated exteriorly. Abdomen : the apical margin of
the basal segment, and the whole of the following segments, densely
clothed with short bright golden pubescence.
Hub. Bachian.

Gen. Mygnimia, Smith.

1. Mygnimia Aspasia, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 157.
Hab. Dory ; Aru ; Amboyna.

2. Mygnimia ichneumoniformis (Pompilus), Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii.
p. 258.

Hab. Dory; Amboyna.

3. Mygnimia ferruginea. M. ferrugineaj alis obscure fuscis pur-
pureo iridescentibus.

Female. Length 14 lines. Ferruginous : the mandibles black at their
apex. The pectus and two obscure longitudinal lines on the meso-
thorax fuscous ; the wings dark brown with a purple iridescence, their
base ferruginous ; the metathorax transversely striated and truncate
posteriorly ; the legs spinose. Abdomen shining, and thinly covered
with a silky sericeous pile.

Hab. Dory.

4. Mygnimia Lac^ena. M. capite, thorace pedibusque ferrugineis ;
metathorace et abdomine nigris ; alis flavo-hyalinis.

Female. Length 8 lines. Black ; the head, antennae, pro- and meso-
thorax above, the femora, tibiae, and tarsi ferruginous, the coxae ferru-
ginous at their apex beneath ; the tips of the mandibles black ; the
metathorax transversely striated ; the wings flavo-hyaline ; the abdo-
men shining black, with the apical segment ferruginous.

Hab. Amboyna.

5. Mygnimia Thione. M. capite thoraceque nigris ; abdomine fer-
nigineo ; alis obscure fuscis, purpureo iridescentibus.

Female. Length 6^ hues. Head and thorax black ; the antennae, cly-
peus anteriorly, the mandibles, and palpi ferruginous; the femora,
tibiae, and tarsi ferruginous ; wings dark fuscous with a violet irides-
cence. Abdomen ferruginous and thinly covered with a fine silky
pile.

Hab. Amboyna.

Fam. SPHEGID^, Leach.

Gen. Sphex, Fahr.

1. Sphex argentata, Dahlb. Hym. Europ. i. 25.
• Hab. India ; Sumatra ; Java ; Aru ; Celebes ; Congo ; Sien-a Leone ;

Bachian.
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY — SUPPLEMENT. 9

122 MM. smith's DESCniPTIONS OF HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

2. Sphex (liabolicus. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 100.
Hab. Baoliian; Borneo.

3. Sphex sericea, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 211.

Hab. Bachian ; Aru ; Malacca ; Borneo ; Java ; Philippines.

4. Sphex formosa, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. iv. 254.
Hab. Bachian; Amboyna; Ceram.

The specimens from Ceram have the face and thorax clothed with golden
pubescence, those from Amboj-na agree with them in that particular ; whilst
the Bachian examples have the pubescence silvery with a golden tinge.

5. Sphex tyrannica. S. nigra ; capite thoraceque pube nigra ves-
titis ; alis brunneis cupreo iridescentibus.

Female. Length 13-14 Unes. Black; the head and thorax clothed
with short black pubescence, the vertex and the scutellum naked and
shining; the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded ; the mandibles
stout, and acute at their apex, with an acute tooth about the middle of
their inner margin ; the legs stout, the tibia; and tarsi spinose ; wings
dark brown, their apical margins with a darker border. Abdomen
smooth and shining ; the petiole short.

Hab. Bachian ; Kaisaa.

6. Sphex jaculator. S. nigra; facie pube argentea vestita; alis
fuscis ; abdomine nigro-caeruleo.

Male. Length 7 lines. Black ; the head and thorax with a thin gri-
seous pubescence ; the face covered with silvery pile ; the mandibles
pale i-ufo-testaceous, their tips black. Thorax slightly shining on the
disk; the legs shining ; the wings fuscous, the nervures black. The
abdomen black with a blue tinge ; the extreme base of the first seg-
ment at its point of attachment to the petiole rufo-piceous.

Hab. Bachian.

7. Sphex morosa. S. nigra ; abdomine nigro-cseruleo, laevigato,
nitido ; ahs brunneis cupreo iridescentibus.

3Iale. Length 10 lines. Black ; the face covered with silvery pile and
thickly clothed with rigid black hairs ; the vertex shining and thinly
sprinkled, as well as the cheeks, with black pubescence. The wings
dark brown with a coppery iridescence ; the thorax thinly covered
with black pubescence ; the claws bidentate beneath ; the abdomen
blue-black, its petiole nearly as long as the first and second segment.

Hab. Bachian.

8. Sphex volatilis. S. nigra; facie pube aurea vestita; alis flavo-
hyalinis ; abdomine nigro-cseruleo, pedibus ferrugineis.

Male. Length 9 lines. Black, the femora, tibiae, and tarsi ferruginous,
with the tips of the claws black. The face covered with golden pile
and sprinkled with black hairs ; the scape of the antennae ferruginous
at its apex in front. Thorax slightly shining on the disk and thinly
clothed with black pubescence ; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures

COLLECTED AT BACHTAN, KAISAA, ETC. 123

ferruginous, the tegulae rufo-testaceous. Abdomen black with a bkie
tinge; the petiole the length of the second segment, and slightly
curved.
Hab. Bachian.

Gen. PelopjEUS, Latr.

1. Pelopaeus Madraspatanus, Fabr. Syst. Piez, 203.
Hab. Amboyna ; Malabar ; Madras ; Nepaul ; Bengal.

2. Pelopaeus laetus. Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. iv. 229, pi. 7. fig- 1.
Hab. Bachian; Ceram; Australia (Swan River ; Macintyre River).

3. Pelop.^us fabricator, p. caeruleo-viridis, abdomine vii-idescenti ;
alis fuscis, basi subhyalinis.

Female. Length 9 lines. Green, with shades of blue in different lights ;
the vertex and abdomen smooth and shining, with purple tints ; the
face covered with silvery-white pubescence ; the thorax transversely
striated and with a thin cinereous pubescence ; wings fuscous with a
coppery effulgence, their base subhyaline. Abdomen smooth and
shining with a beautiful prismatic lustre.

Hab. Bachian.

4. Pelopaeus unifasciatus. P. niger, clypeo scapoque antice
flavis ; scutello et segmento secundo fascia apicali flava ; alis hyalinis ;
pedibus ferrugineis.

Female. Length 8^ lines. Black ; the scape in front and a transverse
spot on the clypeus, yellow ; the tips of the mandibles and the legs
ferruginous ; the thorax transversely striated ; a narrow line on the
collar, the tubercles, and a transverse line on the scutellum yellow ;
the wings subhyaline, with their apical margins fuscous. Abdomen
obscurely chalybeous, with a yellow ovate spot in the middle of the
basal segment, and a yellow fascia on the apical margin of the third
segment.

Hab. Bachian.

Fam. LAEEID^, Lead.

Gen. Laebada, Smith.

1. Larrada aurulenta, Fair. Man^. i. 2/4.
Liris aurata, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 228.

Hab. Bachian; India; Java; Sumatra; Celebes; Phihppine Islands;
China ; Cape of Good Hope ; Gambia.

2. Larrada modesta, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 159.

3. Larrada viNDEX. L. nigra; facie mesothoracis metathoracisque
aurato pubescentibus, abdominis marginibus argentato pilo fasciatis ;
alis subhyalinis.

Female. Length 9 lines. Black ; the face and thora.K above clothed
with golden -coloured pubescence ; the legs black, with the posterior

9*

124 ME. smith's DESCniPTIONS OF HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

tibiae clothed with golden pubescence outside ; wings fulvo-hyaline,
the nervures black. Abdomen : the apical margins of the segments
with fasciae of silvery pile.
Hab. Bachian.

The specimen described is one that had been long exposed when taken,
the wings being ragged and most of the golden pubescence rubbed off.

4. Larrada tarsata. L. nigi-a, antennis, mandibulis pedibusque
rufis ; alis fuscis.

Female. Length 74 hnes. Black ; the face with golden pubescence,
the antennae, mandibles, palpi, and legs ferruginous ; the coxae, tro-
chanters, and three apical joints of the tarsi black ; the five apical
joints of the flagellum fuscous above ; the spines on the tibiae and
tarsi black ; wings fuscous, the posterior pair palest. Abdomen
shining.

Hab. Bachian.

I suspect this insect, if in fine condition, would have a pale golden
pubescence on the thorax, and that the abdomen would have silvery pile on
the apical margins of the segments.

Gen. Tachttes, Panz.

1. Tachytes sedulus. T. niger; abdominis segmentorum mar-
ginibus argentatis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black ; the face covered with silvery pile
and sprinkled with long white hairs, the cheeks having also a silvery
pile ; the mandibles ferruginous, their apex piceous. Thorax closely
and finely punctured, the collar and tubercles silvery ; the wings hya-
line, their nervures testaceous ; tiie costse and tegulae piceous ; the
tibiae and tarsi with rufo-testaceous spines ; the metathorax thinly
clothed with cinereous pubescence. Abdomen shining, with a blue
iridescence in certain lights ; the apical margins of the segments with
interrupted silvery fasciae.

Hab. Kaisaa.

Gen. Laeea, Fahr.

\. Larra modesta. L. nigra; abdomine pulchre prismatico, maculis
fasciisque variis flavis omato.

Female. Length 3| lines. Black ; a silvery-white pubescence on the
face and clypeus, that on the vertex tawny ; an abbreviated white line
on the inner orbit of the eyes, which curves round beneath the inser-
tion of each antenna, the scape white in front, the flagellum fulvous
beneath. Thorax slightly shining; a narrow line on the collar, the
tubercles, a spot in front on the tegulae, and an interrupted line behind
them, which runs down the side and along the base of the scutellum
yellow ; a line on the anterior and intermediate femora beneath, the
anterior tibia; in front, the intermediate and posterior pair at their

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 125

base outside, and the anterior tarsi, yellow : the outside of the basal
joint of the latter black. Abdomen : smooth and shining, reflecting
prismatic colours in different lights ; the apical margins of the first
and three following segments with narrow yellow fasciae.
Hab. Bachian.

Farn. BEMBICID^, Westw.
Gen. Bembex, Fabr.

1. Bembex melancholica. Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. iv. 328. 47.
Hab. Bachian ; Ai-u ; Sumatra ; Singapore ; Madras.

Fam. CEABEONID^, Leach.

Gen. Tetpoxtlon, Latr.

1. Trypoxylon providum. T. nigrum; clypeo argentato-pubes-
cente ; alls hyalinis u'idescentibus.

Female. Length 10 lines. Black, smooth and shining; the clypeus,
face, and emargination of the eyes with bright silvery pubescence ; the
clypeus produced and rounded anteriorly ; the mandibles ferruginous,
with their base yellow. The thorax covered with long silvery-white
pubescence beneath and on the sides ; the metathorax with a sub-
enclosed space at its base, which has a centi-al longitudinal shallow
groove transversely wrinkled ; at the verge of the enclosed space is a
deep fossulet which narrows and runs to the insertion of the petiole of
the abdomen ; the wings hyaline and iridescent ; the anterior tibiae
fulvous in front, and the tarsi pale testaceous ; the basal joint of the
intermediate tarsi pale. Abdomen covered with a thin fine change-
able silvery pile ; the petiole elongate.

Hab. Bachian.

Gen. GoETTES, Latr.

1. GoRYTES BASALis. G. niger ; abdominis basi, mandibulis pedibus-
que ferrugineis ; alls hyalinis, marginibus anterioribus fuscis.

Female. Length 4| lines. Black ; the head delicately punctiu-ed ; the
clj^eus rugose ; the sides of the face and the cheeks with a silvery
pile ; the mandibles ferruginous in the middle, longitudinally striated,
and bidentate at the apex ; the antennae obscurely fulvous beneath.
Thorax : closely punctured and thinly covered with cinereous pile ;
the metathorax coarsely rugose, the enclosed space at its base longi-
tudinally striated ; the wings hyahne, with a dark cloud in the mar-
ginal cell ; the legs ferruginous, with the intermediate and posterior
coxae black behind. Abdomen smooth, shining, and covered with a
changeable silvery pile ; the first segment and base of the second
above ferruginous : both entirely red beneath.

Hab. Amboyna.

126 MR. smith's descbiptions or hymenopteeous insects

Genus Ceecerts, Latr.

1. Cerceris pr^data. C. nigra, flavo-variegata ; abdomine fasciis
duabus flavis ; pedibus flavo-ferrugineis.

Female. Length 4^ lines. Black, punctured and shining; the head
before the insertion of the antennae, the scape and mandibles, yellow ;
the latter black at the apex. Thorax : two ovate spots on the pro-
thorax, the tegulse, and postscutellum, yellow ; the wings subhyaline,
with a fuscous cloud at the apex of the superior pair ; the legs ferru-
ginous, with yellow stains. Abdomen : the first segment with a narrow
3'ellow band on its apical margin, the second with a transverse macula
at the base, and a waved narrow yellow line at its ajjical margin, the
third and fifth yellow, the sides and apical margin of the fourth nar-
rowly reddish yellow, the fifth with a triangular black spot at its base,
the sixth ferruginous ; beneath reddish yellow, the margins of all the
segments rufo-piceous.

Hab. Bachian.

Group Solitary Wasps.
Fam. EUMENID^, Westw.

Gen. Eumenes, Latr.

1. Eumenes circinalis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 286.

Hab. Bachian; Kaisaa ; Celebes; Sumatra; India; Java.

2. Eumenes arcuatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 287.

Hab. Bachian ; Australia ; New Guinea (Dory and Triton Bay) ; Key
Island ; Singapore ; Siam,

3. Eumenes Praslina, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 267, pi. 9. tig. 7- ? •
Hab. Gilolo; Kaisaa; New Ireland (Port Praslin) ; Key Island; Am-

boyna.
I agree with M. Saussm-e in considering Eumenes Praslina and E. Blan-
chardi most probably merely more highly coloured varieties of E. arcuatus.

4. Eumenes esuriens, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 286.

Hab. Bachian ; Sierra Leone ; Gambia ; Senegal ; Egypt ; New Guinea ;
Australia ; India (Mysore) ; China.

5. Eumenes tricolor. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. vol. v. p. 87.
Hab. Bachian ; Makassar (Celebes).

6. Eumenes eximius. E. niger, flavo pictus; mesothoracis fasciis
duabus flavis ; alls flavescentibus.

Female. Length 10^ lines. Black ; the clypeus, a line behind the eyes,
another at their inner orbit, terminating in theii- emargination, the
scape in front, a line between the antenna, and a minute spot outside
of the posterior ocelli, yellow. Thorax : a liue on the collar, two
longitudinal ones on the mesothorax, a triaugular spot beneath the

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 127

wiugs, two spots on each tegula, two small ones on the scutellum, and
another on each side of the metathoiax, at its base, yellow ; the wings
flavo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous ; the tarsi and tibiae ferruginous,
the latter yellow in front. Abdomen : the petiole as long as the tho-
rax, with two minute yellow spots at its apex ; the apical margins of
all the segments with a narrow redcUsh-yellow border, and two yellow
spots at the base of the second segment.
Hab. Bachian.

This species belongs to the division Parumenes of Saussure, and resem-
bles the E. quadrispinosus of that author ; but the petiole is considerably
longer, and the four spines which characterize that species are wanting on
the metathorax.

7. EuMENES AGiLis. E. niger ; capite thoraceque flavo variegatis;
abdomine nitido.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black ; a trifurcate spot at the base of the
clypeus, an oblong spot between the antennae, a narrow line on the
lower margin of the sinus of the eyes, and an abbreviated line behind
them, yellow ; the clypeus produced and notched at its apex. Thorax :
the anterior margin of the prothorax, an oblique line on each side of
the mesothorax, a small spot beneath the wings, a minute spot behind
the tegulse, two on the scutellum, the postscutellum and the meta-
thorax behind, yellow; wings fuscous, darkest along their anterior
margins, and having a purple ii'idescence ; legs and abdomen totally
black.

Hab. Amboyna.

8. EuMENES BLANDUS. E. nigcr, flavo-fulvo variegatus ; capite tho-
raceque dense punctatis, abdomine sublsevigato, nitido.

Female. Length 5 hues. Black ; the clypeus, a spot above it, the base
of the scape in front, a nan'ow abbreviated line behind the eyes, orange-
yellow ; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax : the prothorax anteriorly,
a spot beneath the wings, a line on each side of the mesothorax, the
tegulae, a narrow line behind them, the postscutellum and the meta-
thorax, orange yellow ; a black line in the middle of the metathorax ;
the wings fusco-hyaline and iridescent ; the tibiae, tarsi, and tips of
the femora orange-yellow. Abdomen: a spot on each side of the
petiole, a subovate spot on each side of the second segment, and its
apical margin orange-yellow.

Hab. Bachian.

9. EuMENES POLiTus. £^. nigcr, flavo-variegatus ; antennis antice pe-
dibusque ferrugineis ; abdomine laevigato, nitido.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black ; head and thorax closely punctured
and subopake, the abdomen smooth and shining, the petiole with a
few delicate punctiues. The clypeus, a line above it extending to the
anterior ocellus, the emargination of the eyes and a stripe behind
them, bright 3'ellow j the scape in front yellow, the flagellum ferru-

128 MB. smith's descriptions of htmenopterous insects

ginous beneath. Thorax : the anterior margin of the prothorax, an
ovate spot beneath the wings, two narrow abbreviated lines on the
niesothorax anteriorly, the tegulae and a minute spot behind them, two
spots on the scutellum, and one arcuate line on each side of the meta-
thorax bright yellow; the legs ferruginous, the anterior tibiaj yellow
in front. Abdomen ; the apical margin of the petiole and of the two
following segments yellow.
Hab. Bachian.

Gen. Ehynchium, Spin.

1. Rhynchium hsemorrhoidale, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 259.

Hab. Bachian ; Amboyna ; Dory ; Cape of Good Hope ; Malanca ;
Singapore ; India ; Java.

Having had the opportunity of examining numerous specimens of this
species from all the above localities, I have found it to be most inconstant
in colouring : its varieties include the R. sanguineum, and R. parentissimum ;
the females from Bachian are black, with a little red on the head and pro-
thorax.

2. Rhynchium metallicum, Sauss.Mon. Guepes Sol. p. 114.
Hab, India; Bachian; Sarawak.

3. Rhynchium iridipenne. R. nigrum, capite thoraceque rude
punctatis ; alis fuscis et violaceo splendide micantibus.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black ; the head and thorax rugose, the ab-
domen rather finely punctured ; the clypeus much produced and rather
widely emarginate at the apex. Thorax elongate ; the metathorax
truncate with the lateral margins rounded ; the wings fuscous, with a
splendid violet iridescence. Abdomen with a thin, short cinereous
pubescence.

Hab. Amboyna.

This insect resembles the JR. metallicum of Saussure, but is much more
elongate and more coarsely sculptured.

4. Rhynchium rubropictum. R. nigrum, capite thoraceque rubro
variegatis ; alis flavis, basi nigris ; abdomine rubro fasciato.

Female. Length 8i hues. Black ; the head and thorax closely and
rather finely punctured ; the head brick-red, black behind, and having
a black spot in front of the ocelli, and another in the sinus of the eyes ;
the antennae and mandibles red. Thorax : the prothorax, two oblique
stripes on the mesothorax, which unite a little before reaching the
scutellum, the latter as well as the tegulse and anterior legs, brick-
red ; the wings yellow, with their base black. Abdomen : opake-
black, with a red band on the apical margins of all the segments ; the
apical segment entirely red ; beneath black.

Male. This sex differs in being smaller, in having the head black with
a narrow line on the inner and outer orbits of the eyes, and in the
clypeus being yellow ; the mesothorax entirely black ; otherwise, it is
like the female.

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 129

I have separated this insect from R. heemorrhoidale with some doubt of
its being an extreme variety of that species ; if so, it is distinguishable by
its much more deUcate punctation and higher colouring.

G-en. Odyneeus, Latr.

1. Odynerus petiolatus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 164. 1. $ .

The male received from Dory is very like the female, and has the abdo-
men similarly petiolated ; it differs in having the clypeus, scape and man-
dibles yellow ; the yellow spots on the thorax are much larger and brighter.
In other respects the sexes are identical.

Hab. Dory ; Aru.

Gen. Alastor, St. Farg.

1. Alastor COGNATUS. ^.capite thoracequenigris; abdomine am-an-
tiaco-i'ubro, primo segmento nigro ; alls fuscis.

Male. Length h\ lines. Head and thorax black, opake and rugose ;
the clypeus covered with silvery-white pubescence, deeply emarginate
and bidentate : an elevated carina runs from each tooth halfway up
the clypeus ; a yellow spot between the antennae ; wings dark fuscous.
Abdomen orange red, with the basal segment opake-black.

Mab. Dory.

This insect exactly resembles the A.fraternus of Saussure : it may pos-
sibly be the male of that species.

Grroup Social Wasps.

Fam. VESPID^, Leach.

Gen. PoLisTEs, Latr.

1. Polistes tepidus, Fahr. Syst. Piez. p. 271.

Hab. Bachian; Key Island; Solomon Islands; New Guinea; Australia.

2. Pohstes Picteti, Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sot. p. 69, tab. 6. fig. 8.
Hab. Ambopia ; Austraha ; Ceram ; Celebes.

3. Polistes coLONicus. P. rufus, flavoque varius ; metathorace ab-
domineque basi nigris.

Male. Length 8| lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the face pale ferruginous,
and densely covered with glittering silvery pile. The metathorax, and
posterior portion of the mesothorax beneath, black ; the wings fulvo-
hyaline with the uervures ferruginous ; the posterior coxae and basal
segment of the abdomen black, the posterior portion of the basal seg-
ment rufous, with tlie apical margin bordered with yellow ; the apical
margins of the following segments narrowly and obscurely yellowish.

Hab. Ambovna.

130 ME. smith's descriptions of hymenopteeous insects

4. PoLiSTES siMULATUS. P. rufo-ferrugineus J capitc thoraccquc flavo
variis ; segmentis abdominis flavo marginatis.

^ Female. Length 8 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the orbits of the eyes pale ;
the anterior margin of the clypeus angulated. Thorax : the posterior
margin of the prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, a line on the sides
above each coxa, the anterior pair in front, the tegulse, postscutellum,
and two longitudinal stripes on the metathorax, yellowish-white ; the
metathorax faintly striated obliquely on each side from the centre ;
wings hyaline and iridescent, with a fuscous stripe in the marginal
cell ; the tips of the femora and the claw-joint of the anterior tarsi
white. Abdomen : the apical margins of the four basal segments with
narrow white marginal fasciae.
The male differs only in having the face covered with silvery pile.
Hab. Kaisaa; Bachian.

This species closely resembles P. elegans from Key Island, from which
it differs in being much less decorated with yellow markings on the head
and thorax, but has an additional fascia on the abdomen ; it may, however,
be an extreme variety.

5. PoLiSTES MULTIPICTUS. P. nigcr, flavo-ferruginco varius J alissub-
hyalinis, nervis ferrugineis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Head black ; the cheeks, the outer orbit of
the eyes, two oblique spots on the vertex behind the ocelli, a line on
the inner orbit of the eyes, terminating in their emargination ; the
mandibles, clypeus, antennse, and a transverse line above their inser-
tion, ferruginous. Thorax : the prothorax, an oblong spot on the
mesothorax, the scutellum, femora, tibiae, and tarsi, ferruginous ; the
posterior margin of the prothorax narrowly, the postscutellum, and
two longitudinal stripes on the metathorax, yellow ; the wings hya-
line ; the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen : the first segment black,
with the apical margin yellow ; the second ferruginous, the base
black, and the apex with a yellow marginal fascia ; the third and
fourth black, with yellow maiginal fasciae ; the fifth and sixth yellow.

Hab. Amboyna.

Gen. IcAEiA, Sauss.

I, IcARiA CONSERVATOR. I. capitc thoracequc nigris; clypei margine
antico mandibulis basi, fronte ante oculos flavo maculatis ; abdomine
pedibusque fusco-ferrugineis; abdominis annulis flavo marginatis.

Female. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black ; the legs and abdo-
men fusco-ferruginous ; an interrupted line on the anterior margin
of the clypeus, a spot at the base of the mandibles, a line on the
inner orbit of the eyes, and the scape in front, yellow ; the wings hya-
line, their nervures ferruginous. Abdomen : the basal segment cam-
panulate ; a yellow fascia on the apical margin of all the segments.

Hab. Dorv.

COLLECTED AT BACKIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 131

2. IcARiA IMPETUOSA. /. femiginea; flavo multidecorata ; alls hya-
linis, margine antico fusco maculato.

Female. Length 4 lines. Ferruginous ; the mandibles, clypeus, face
on each side, the scape of the antennae in front, and a spot between
them, yellow ; a black spot at the base of the clypeus. Thorax : the
prothorax anteriorly, the tegula;, scutellum, postscutellum, and the
middle of the metathorax, yellow ; a black line down the middle of
metathorax ; the legs variegated with yellow ; wings hyaline, their
nervures ferruginous, with a fuscous macula in the marginal cell. Ab-
domen ; a narrow yellow band on the apical margin of the petiole, and
an oblique spot on each side of the base of the first segment, its apical
margin having a broad yellow fascia.

Hab. Bachian; Amboyna.

In specimens from Amboyna the yellow is almost obsolete in the meta-
thorax.

Gen. Pachtmenes, Sauss.

1. Pachymenes ELEGA.NS. P. laetc viridis ; clypeo pube argentato-
alba ; ahs subhyalinis, marginibus anticis fuscis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Bright metallic-green ; the head and thorax
with coppery tints, and, as well as the basal segments of the
abdomen, closely and strongly punctured ; the second and following
segments finely punctured. The antennse and mandibles black ; the
latter green at their base. The metathorax rounded behind, with
deep central depression. Wings subhyaline ; the anterior margin of
the superior pair fuscous, with a purple tinge. The basal segment of
the abdomen campanulate and brassy-greeu ; the following segments
blue-green.

Hab. Bachian.

This species has a general resemblance to Pachymenes viridis from Aru,
but in the present species the basal segment is oblong, whilst in the Aru
insect it is transverse.

Gen. Vespa, Linn.

1. Vespa affinis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 254 (var. V. cinctal).
Hab. Bachian ; Celebes ; Malacca ; Singapore ; India ; China.

2. Vespa Philippinensis, Sauss. Mon. Guepes, Soc. p. 148.
Hab. Amboyna; Phihppines.

Fam. ANDEENID^, Leach.
Gen. Pbosopis, Fabr.

1 . Prosopis EXiMius, P. capitc thoraceque uigris, flavo pulchre pictis ;
peJibus abdomineque ferrugineis, flavo plagatis.

132 ME. smith's desceiptions of htmenopteeous iksects

Female. Length 4^ lines. Head and thorax black, closely and finely punc-
tured ; a yellow stripe at the inner and outer orbits of the eyes, another
running from the anterior ocellus to the apex of the clypeus ; a yellow
spot at the base of the mandibles and another on the labrum ; a deeply
impressed line between the ocelU and margin of the eyes. Thorax :
the collar, four longitudinal stripes on the mesothorax, the sides of
the scutellum, the postscutellum, and metathorax, yellow ; the latter
with an angular black spot on each side ; the thorax beneath and at
the sides yellow ; an ovate black spot on each side of the pectus, and
an oblong one on the sides behind the wings ; the legs pale ferrugi-
nous, spotted with yellow. Abdomen pale ferruginous ; the basal seg-
ment with a yellow stripe on each side in the middle ; the second and
third segments have a yellow line on each side at their basal margins ;
the three apical segments fuscous. The wings subhyahne ; their apical
margins faintly clouded.

Hab. Bachian.

Gen. NoMiA, Latr.

1. Nomia formosa, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 5. $ .
Hab. Bachian ; Malacca.

The male of this species is distinguished by having two acute spines on
the postscutellum.

2. Nomia halictoides. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 6.
Hab. Bachian; Celebes.

'3. Nomia cincta, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 132.
Hab. Bachian; Key Island.

Fam. CUCULINJE, Latr.

Gen. Stelis, Fanz.

I. Stelis abdominalis. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 7. S •

Hab. Celebes; Bachian.

A single example of the female was taken by Mr. Wallace ; this sex differs
from the male only in being larger. I have not satisfied myself that this
really belongs to the genus Stelis ; it is, however, certainly a parasitic insect,
the female not possessing any pollenigerous organs, and is either a Stelis,
or must constitute the type of a new allied genus.

Gen. C(ELioxYs, Latr.

1. CcELioxYS INTRUDENS. C. nigra ; capite thoraceque rude punc-
tatis ; facie pube pallida vestita ; alis fuscis basi hyalinis.

Female. Length 7^ lines. Black : the head and thorax with deep con-
fluent punctures ; the abdomen shining and much more finely and

COLLECTED AT BAOHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 133

distinctly punctured. The face with a prominent longitudinal ridge
which extends from the anterior ocellus to the apical margin of the
clypeus ; the sides of the face with a pale golden pubescence ; the
cheeks have also a dense pale pubescence. The thorax has an obtuse
tooth on each side of the clypeus ; the sides, beneath, and on the
coxae and femora beneath, a dense short whitish pubescence. Wings
fuscous ; their base hyaline. Abdomen conical, elongate, tapering
gradually from the base to the apex, which is acute ; the apical seg-
ment has the ventral plate longer than the superior one, it being lan-
ceolate and not notched at the sides near the apex.
Hab. Bachian.

Although I have characterized the genus Coelioxys as having the eyes
pubescent, yet amongst the exotic species, especially those from Africa,
there will be found species with the eyes naked : the present species be-
longs to the former division.

Earn. DASYGASTEJE.

Gen. Megachtle, Latr.

1. Megachile Pluto. M. maxima adhuc cognita, aterrima; genis
abdominisque segmento basali pube vestitis ; mandibulis elongatis,
apice tridentatis ; alis fuscis.

Female. Length 18 lines. Intense opake-black ; the head rather wider
than the thorax ; the clypeus slightly produced and subtridentate, and
shining black ; the cheeks covered with white pubescence ; the la-
brum elongate, thinly sprinkled with erect rigid hairs ; the mandibles
elongate, tridentate at their apex. Thorax thickly clothed with short
erect black pubescence. Wings fuscous and shining ; legs stout ; the
tibiaj rugged exteriorly. Abdomen covered with short black pubes-
cence above, beneath with decumbent rigid pubescence ; the basal
segment clothed above with white pubescence.
Hab. Bachian.

This species is the giant of the genus to which it belongs, and is the
grandest addition which Mr. Wallace has made to our knowledge of the
family Apidce. We have given' a life-size figure of this remarkable bee.
Only a single specimen has been captured, and that a female ; it is to be
hoped that Mr. Wallace will make his discovery complete by the capture
of a male. (Plate . fig. 1.)

2. Megachile Lachesis. M. aterrima, pube nigra dense vestita;
alis nigro-fuscis.

Female. Length 9^ lines. Opake-black, densely pubescent ; mandibles
very stout, longitudinally striated, and armed with four blunt teeth.
The wings dark fuscous, with a violet iridescence. Abdomen clothed

134 MR. smith's besceiptions of htmenoptebous insects

above with short black pubescence ; beneath, the pubescence is long,
rigid, decumbent, and shining.
Hub. Bachian; Amboyna.

3. Megachile Clotho. iVf. nigra; mandibuUs fortibus et porrectis ;
alis fuscis.

Female. Length 12 hnes. Deep opake-black ; the anterior margin of
the clypeus transverse, with an angular tubercle in the middle ; man-
dibles stout and porrect; the labrum oblong, rounded in front, and
fringed with a row of rigid hairs. Thorax densely pubescent. The
wings dark fuscous with a violet iridescence. Abdomen black ; the
basal segment above with a dense sooty-black pubescence.

Hab. Bachian.

This insect very closely resembles M. tuberculata, the dark wings being
almost the only difference.

4. Megachile Alecto. M. nigra; clypeo antice pube alba vestito ;
alis fuscis.

Male. Length 6 lines. Black, clothed with black pubescence ; the an-
terior margin of the clypeus with a yellowish-white pubescence, a tuft
of the same colom* between the antennae ; the pectus has a griseous
pubescence. The wings dark brown with a violet iridescence. Ab-
domen : the apex obliquely truncate ; the margin of the terminal
segment notched in the middle, from which a central carina runs to
the base of the segment.

Hab. Dory.

M. Guerin has described a species in the ' Iconographie du Regne Ani-
mal,' which is closely allied to the present species ; it is from the Isles of
Madagascar and Bom-bon, and named M, mystacea.

5. Megachile foliata. M. nigra ; capite thoraceque dense punc-
tatis et pube nigra vestitis ; segmentis duobus apicalibus pube ferru-
ginea vestitis ; alis fuscis.

Female. Length 8 lines. Black, clothed with black pubescence, closely
punctured ; the mandibles very stout and porrect ; the legs stout ; the
tibiae rugose exteriorly, the posterior pair with pale pubescence ; the
basal joint of the tarsi within ferruginous ; the claw-joint of the tarsi
rufo-piceous. Abdomen : the two apical segments clothed with fer-
ruginous pubescence, and the three segments beneath have pubes-
cence of the same colour.

Hab. Bachian.

6. Megachile ventralis. M. nigra, delicatule punctata; abdo-
mine subtus fulvo dense pubescente ; ahs subhyalinis.

Female. Length 6| lines. Black, closely and finely punctured, and shining;
mandibles stout, striated, and subdentate ; the front of the head and
sides of the thorax with black pubescence. Wings fusco-hyaline.

COLLECTED AT EACniAN, KAISAA, ETC. 135

Abtlomeu nigro-seneous, finely punctured, clothed beneath with bright
ferruginous pubescence.

Male. The same in size and colour as the female ; the face clothed with
yellowish-white pubescence; the segments of the abdomen fringed
with dense black pubescence ; the apex obtuse, with the apical mar-
gin deeply notched in the middle. The abdomen is naked beneath and
of a pale rufo-testaceous coloiu".

Hab. Amboyna.

Gen. Xtlocopa, Latr.

1. Xylocopa coronata. X. nigra; pube nigra vestita ; capite pos-
tice pube flava decorato ; alis nigro-fuscis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 9^ lines. Black ; the flagellum rufo-testaceous be-
neath; the face covered with a mixtm-e of griseous and black pu-
bescence, that on the vertex and behind the eyes bright yellow.
Thorax : densely clothed with short black pubescence ; the disk of
the mesothorax naked, smooth and shining. Wings dark brown with
a splendid violet iridescence. Abdomen shining and finely punctured,
thinly clothed with short black pubescence in the middle, becoming
longer and more dense at the sides and towards the apex ; beneath
smooth and shining.

Hab. Kaisaa.

2. Xylocopa unicolor. X. nitida, nigra; alis aeneo et violaceo
splendide micantibus.

Female. Length 9 lines. Black ; the flagellum, except the two basal
joints, testaceous beneath ; the clypeus with a transverse shining ridge
at its base, its anterior margin and a central longitudinal line smooth
and .shining; the face clothed with black pubescence. Thorax and
legs with black pubescence, the middle of the disk of the latter smooth
and shining ; a central impressed line runs from the anterior margin
of the prothorax to the middle of the mesothorax ; wings dark brown
with a violet iridescence changing to a green tint at their apex. Abdo-
men black, shining, and closely punctured ; the sides fringed with black
pubescence towards the apex.
Male, The body clothed with yellowish olive pubescence, darkest on
the abdomen, the sides of which towards the apex are fringed with
black ; the tibiae and tarsi have fulvous pubescence ; the posterior
tibiae are yellow ouside ; the antennae in front and the clypeus yellow,
the latter with two ovate black spots at its base ; the wings fulvo-
hyaUne and iridescent.
Hab. Amboyna.

In both the sexes of this species the second submarginal cell is obsolete ;
in the male a trace of the first transverse cubital nervure is perceptible ;
this nervure will frequently be found more or less obliterated in different
species of this genus. The male closely resembles that of X. astuans.

136 MK. SMITU'S DESCRIPTIONS OF HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS

Gen. Anthophoba, Latr.

1. Anthophora zonata, Linra. Syst. Nat. i. 955.

Hab. Bachian ; Dory ; Celebes ; Am ; Borneo ; Ceylon ; India ; Java ;
Hong-Kong ; Shanghai ; Philippine Islands.

2. Anthophora elegans. Smith, Proc. Ldnn. Soc, iii. 135.
Hab. Amboyna ; Key Island.

Fam. PEOCTOTRUPID^, Steph.

Gen. Epyris, Westw.

1. Epyris krraticus. E. niger; capite thoraceque fortiter punctatis ;
tibiis tarsisque obscure ferrugineis j alis fuscis.

Female. Length 2| lines. Black ; the head oblong, transverse behind,
with the lateral angles rounded, with scattered strong punctures ; the
eyes large, ovate, placed forwards at the sides of the head ; the antenna;
.fulvous beneath, 13-jointed. Thorax oblong, shining, and with strong
distant punctures ; the metathorax quadrate, truncate, and having three
longitudinal carinse not extending to the verge of the truncation, be-
tween the carinae roughly striated transversely, beyond which the
striation is much finer ; the wings fuscous ; the tibiae and tarsi ob-
scurely ferruginous. Abdomen very smooth and shining ; the apex
and also the ovipositor rufo-testaceous.

Hab. Dory.

This, I believe, is the first species of the genus which has been discovered
out of Europe.

Fam. TEN^THEEDINID^, Leach.

Gen. Crtptocampus, Ha/rtig.

1. Cryptocampus nigripes. C. niger; pedibus ferrugineis; tibiis

apice tai'sisque nigris ; alis fuscis basi hyalinis.
Female. Length 3 lines. Black and shining ; the anterior femora, tibiae,

and base of the tarsi, and the intermediate femora and base of the

tibiae, ferruginous ; the wings hyaline at their base and brown at their

apex, with a violet iridescence.
Hab. Dory.

Gen. Selandeta, Leach.

1. Selandria Doryca. S. cacrulea; antennis pedibusque nigris;
alis fuscis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 4 lines. Head, thorax, and abdomen blue ; the an-
tennae and legs black ; the wings dark brouTi, with purple or violet
iridescence ; the legs and antennae very pubescent.

Hab. Bachian.

COLLECTED AT BACniAN, KAISAA, ETC. 137

Gen. ORys.sus, Fahr.

1. Oryssiis maculipennis. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 177.
Hab. Bachian; Am.

Gen. Xypuidria, Latr.

1. Xyphidria l^viceps. X. nigra, albo maoulata, tibiis tarsisque
basi all)is ; alis hyalinis et iridescentibus.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the head smooth and shining above,
with longitudinal curved strijc in front of the ocelli ; the thorax opake
and rugose anteriorly, with a transverse irregular striation ; the abdo-
men slightly shining. The cheeks, and a slightly interrupted narrow
line on the hinder margin of the vertex, the mandibles, face anteri-
orly, inner orbit of the eyes, and ten apical joints of the antenna;,
yellowish-white ; the pale line on the inner orbit of the eyes passes-
a little above the ocelli, and then turns inwards to each lateral
ocellus. Thorax : a spot on each side anteriorl}', the scutellum, the
base of the tibiae, and of the intermediate and posterior tarsi, as well
as the coxse, white ; the wings h} aline and iridescent. Abdomen :
two oblique lines on the basal segment, an oblong spot at the extreme
lateral margin of the second, a small ovate one on the fifth and sixth,
an interruj)ted fascia on the eighth, and the tip of the apical segment,
white ; beneath rufo-piceons.

Hab. Ambvona.

Fam. EVANID.E, Leaeh.
Gen. Evania, Fabr.

I. Evania laevigata {Latr.), Westw. Mon. Evan. 8)-c., Trans. Enf. Soc. iii.

241.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope; Australia; Dory (New Guinea); Egypt;

Greece ; Sardinia ; Coromandel ; Mexico ; Brazil ; St. Vincent.

Gen. Megischus, BrulU.

1. Megischus coronator, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 118, ? .
Hab. Bachian ; Dory ; Amboyna.

2. Megischus tarsalis. M. niger, pedibus anticis et intermediis
ferrugineis, tarsis posterioribus rubris, alis subhyalinis.

Female. Length 9 lines. Black ; the head coarsely sculptured, on the
face transversely so ; the front with a transverse ridge, before which
are two acute tubercles touching the eyes, and a central, more elevated
one, a little in advance. The thorax coarsely punctured, the prothorax
forming an elongated neck ; the anterior and intermediate legs ferru-
ginous ; the dilated apical portion of the posterior tibiae and the tarsi
bright ferruginous ; the posterior coxae rugose, the femora bidentate ;
LINN. PEOC. — ZOOLOGY, SUPPLEMENT. 10

138 MR. smith's descriptions of iiymenopterous insects

wings fuscous, the nervures dark brown. Abdomen : the ovipositor
the length of the body ; the basal segment or petiole finely striated
transversely, the following segments smooth and shining; the ovi-
positor with a wide fascia of white a little before the apex.
Hab. Bachian.

This species differs from M. coronator in the form and situation of the
tubercles on the front of the head ; the neck is much longer and more
slender ; the ovipositor is as long as, but not longer than, the body.

3. Megischus viduus. M. niger; capite et antennarum basi rufis ;
thorace rugoso ; alis fuscis.

Male. Length 13 lines. Black ; the head blood-red ; above, with deep
curved striae and three prominent tubercles, the central one the
longest, and placed in advance of the lateral ones ; before the
tubercles with semicircular striae ; the scape of the antennae and the
mandibles ferruginous, the latter black at their tips. Thorax : the
prothorax transversely grooved ; the raeso- and metathorax with large
shallow punctures, the scutellum smooth and shining ; the wings fus-
cous, the nervures dark brown; the anterior and intermediate tibiae,
tarsi, and tips of the femora, obscurely ferruginous ; the articulations
of the posterior legs and the tarsi rufo-piceous ; the coxae transversely
rugose ; the femora with two large teeth beneath and a number of
minute ones between them. Abdomen smooth and shining; the ovi-
positor finely striated transversely towards the base.

Hab. Kaisaa.

This may possibly be the male of M. coronator, but, as it comes from a
locality where that species has not yet been discovered, and as they differ
in several particxdars, I have not ventured to unite them.

Geu. Crtptus, Fahr.

1. Cryptus sicarius. C ferrugineus; abdomine nitido; antennis
apice fuscis; alis hyalinis, fusco fasciatis.

Female. Length 7 lines. ' Ferruginous ; the antennae as long as the
body, and, beyond the fourteenth joint, fuscous ; the face of a reddish-
yellow. The metathorax bituberculate, a slight carina running from each
tubercle to the base of the metathorax, and another to the insertion
of the abdomen. Wings hyaline with a yellow tinge, and a broad
fuscous fascia towards their apex. Abdomen shining and petiolated.

Var. The fuscous fascia extending to the apex of the wing.

Hab. Dory ; Bachian.

The variety is from Bachian.

Gen. Mesostenus, Grav.

1. Mesostenus molestus, M. niger; antennis medio albis ; capite
thoraceque flavo punctatis ; abdominis marginibus flavo fasciatis ; alis
hvalinis.

COLLECTED AT BACHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 139

Female. Length 7 lines. Black ; the inner orbit of the eyes, the
clypeus, ia spot on the mandibles, and a broad stripe behind the eyes,
yellowish - white ; the 7-14 joints of the antenna; white with a black
line beneath. Thorax : an oblique spot before the wings, a spot on
the disk of the mesothorax, the scutellum, the postscutellura, and an
oblique line on each side before it, a spot in the middle of the meso-
thorax, and two short spines at its apex, yellowish-white ; the sides of
the thorax, the coxa; and trochanters, spotted with white ; the legs
rufo-fuscous, with their articulations paler. Abdomen : the three
basal segments with yellowish-white marginal fascia; ; the apical seg-
ment with a narrow fascia ; the metathorax rugose, and the second
segment of the abdomen closely and finely punctured ; the wings
hyaline ; the nervures black,

Hab. Bachian.

Gi-en. PiMPLA, Fahr.

]. PiMPLA FORMOSA. P. rufo-fcrruginea, flavo varia; antennis stri-
gisque tribus mesothoracis nigris ; abdominis segmentis flavo margi-
natis ; alis hyalinis, apice fusco macidato.
Female. Length 8 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the scape in front and the
head yellow ; the region of the ocelli, and a transverse oval spot in
front of them, black ; the flagellum black, with the extreme apex and
two basal joints rufo-piceous. The mesothorax with three broad black
longitudinal stripes ; the scutellum, postscutellum, a spot beneath the
wings, and the anterior and intermediate coxa; in front, yellow ; the
wings hyaline, with a dark fuscous spot at the apex of the marginal cell,
and extending a little beyond it. Abdomen closely punctiu-ed, with a
yellow fascia on the apical margin of the first five segments ; the sixth
has an interrupted fascia ; the ovipositor short and black.
Hab. Bachian.

This insect closely resembles P. plagiata, described in the paper on the
Hymenoptera of Aru ; but I think it differs in too many particulars to be
considered a variety of that species.

2. PiMPLA FLAViCEPS. P. fcrruginca ; antennis nigris ; capiteluteo;
alis fuscis, dimidio basali flavo-hyalinis.

Female. Length 64 lines. Ferruginous, with the head yellow ; the
antennae blackish, with the scape in front and the apex beneath more
or less ferruginous. Thorax very smooth and shining above ; the legs
rather paler than the body. Wings dark brown ; their base flavo-
hyaline nearly to the apex of the externo-medial cell. Abdomen
punctured ; each segment with an deep oblique depression on each
side nearly uniting in the middle of the segment ; the ovipositor
black.

Hab. Bachian.

10*

140 ME. smith's desceiptiois^s of htmenopteeous insects

3. PiMPLA INTEGRATA. P. rufo-flava ; thorace punctis 4; abdomi-
nis segmentis |ninctis 12 nigris.

Female. Length 6^ lines. Reddish-yellow ; the antennae and a spot
on the vertex, enclosing the ocelli, black; the scape in front ferrugi-
nous ; the flagellum beneath obscurely fulvous. Thorax : two V"
shaped spots on the mesothorax, and a small transverse spot on each
side of the metathorax, above, near its base, black. Wings hyaline ;
the tips of the claws of the tarsi and the pulvilliis between them black.
Abdomen : the first two segments shining and distantly punctured ;
the following segments closely punctured ; a transverse slightly curved
impressed line on each segment near its apical margin ; the first and
four following segments with a black ovate spot on each side, placed
transversely ; the seventh with two placed longitudinally.

Hab. Bachian.

This species, although distinct from, is closely allied to P. crassipes of
BruUe'.

4. PiMPLA PLACiDA. P. flava, laevigata, nitida; antennis strigisque
tribus mesothoracis nigris ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus.

Female. Length 5^ lines. Yellow ; the abdomen with a ferruginous
tinge ; the antennae, the region of the ocelli, and a spot on the head
behind, black ; the scape, basal joint of the flagellum in front, and
the mandibles, yellow, the latter tipt with black ; the disk of the meso-
thorax with three longitudinal black stripes which are united at the
base of the scutellum. The wings hyaline and iridescent. The seg-
ments of the abdomen with lateral oblique depressions.
Hab. Bachian.

BruUe has described two species of Pimpla from Australia, and one from
the Mauritius, all agreeing with the present sjiecies in having three black
lines on the mesothorax, as well as in general colouring ; but their punc-
tation and other particulars separate them from P.placida.

Gen. Ehyssa, Grav.

1. Rhyssa fasciata (maculipennis). Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 173.

The name "maculipennis," as cited above, must be changed to fasciata,
the same specific name having been used for a species of Rhyssa from
Borneo. (See Linn. Proc. Zool. vol. ii. p. 120.)

Gen. Opiiion, Fahr.

1. Ophion vittatok. O. rufo-fcrrugincum ; capite postice flavo; mcso-
thorace linca media fusca ; abdominc nigro-fnsco.

Female. Length 1 0 hues. Head and thorax rufo-fenuginous ; the face
and back of the head yellow; the antennae ferruginous, The thorax
beneath and at the sides black ; the mesothorax has a central broad
longitudinal stripe which runs to the apex of the scutellum ; the sides

COLLECTED AT BACUIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 141

of the thorax striated ; the wings hyahne ; the nervures ferruginous;
the first submargiual cell with a semicircular colourless space near its
apex marked on one side with a dark line ; the legs pale ferruginous,
their coxae black. The abdomen dark rufo-fuscous, with the two basal
segments black ; the abdomen covered with a dense griseous pile.

Hab. Bachian.

This species may possibly be a variety of 0. univittatus of BruUe.

2. Ophion unicolor. 0. rufo-fen-ugineum j metathorace arcuate
striato ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 10 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the mesothorax and
scutellum very smooth and shining ; wings hyaline and iridescent,
the nervures rufo-fuscous ; the raetathorax with a divergent arcuate
striation ; abdomen smooth and shining.

Hab. Bachian.

3. Ophion insinuator. 0. rufo-ferrugineum ; abdominis apice fusco ;
metathorace oblique striato.

Female. Length 8 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the face reddish-yellow ;
the legs rather paler than the body j the wings hyaline and iridescent ;
the nervures fuscous ; the mesothorax and scutellum smooth and
shining ; the metathorax with strong even stria;, which diverge ob-
liquely from the centre ; the third and following segments of the
abdomen rufo-fuscous.

Hab. Kaisaa.

Fam. BKACONID^, Westw

Gen. Bracon, Fahr.

1. Bracon tricolor, Gue'r. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 199.
Hab. Dory.

2. Bracon jaculatus. B. niger ; capite, thorace, ))edibusque anticis
et intermediis ferrugineis ; alis nigris.

Female. Length 7 lines. The head, the pro- and mesothorax, the scu-
tellum, ))ostscutellum, and the anterior and intermediate legs ferru-
ginous; the flagellum, intermediate coxaj and trochanters, posterior
legs, metathorax, and abdomen black ; the wings nigro-fuscous. The
head and thorax smooth and shining ; the metathorax with a central
diamond-shaped impression, and an imjjressed line on each side of it.
Abdomen rugose ; the basal segment with a central and lateral ini-
])ressed line ; the second segment with two central longitudinal and
lateral oblique carina: ; the fifth and following segments smooth and
shining; the ovipositor a little longer than the body.

Hab, Bachian.

3. Bracon quadriceps. B. rufesccnti-flavus; antcnnis, tibiis, tarsisque
posticis nigris ; alis nigro-fuscis, nnicnla hyalina.

Female. Length 7^ lines, lleddish-yellow, smooth and shining; the

142 ME. smith's descriptions op htmenoptebous insects

head quadrate^, with the angles roiuuled ; the antennae black ; the
wings very dark brown, shining and iridescent ; the posterior tibia;
outside and the tarsi black ; the basal segment of the abdomen with
an abbreviated impressed line in the middle, and another on each side
extending to its apical margin ; the ovipositor twice the length of the
insect.
Hab. Bachian.

Gren. Agathis, Latr.

1. Agathis ATROCEPHALUS. ^ . rufcscenti-flavus ; capite antennisque
nigris ; alis nigro-fuscis, basi flavo-hyalinis.

Male. Length 6 lines. Reddish-yellow ; the head and antenna; black ;
the head strongly punctured; a deep fossulet on each side of the
clypeus ; the mandibles and palpi pale. Thorax shining above ; the
metathorax with fine longitudinal carina;, the central one expanding
in the middle, and enclosing a minute diamond-shaped space ; between
the stria; are a number of transverse carinse ; the legs densely clothed
with short pale pubescence, the posterior pair incrassate ; the wings
dark fuscous, with not quite the basal half flavo-hyaline. Abdomen
smooth and shining.

Hab. Bachian.

Gren. Xylonomus, Grav.

1. Xylonomus fracticornis. X. nigro-cbalybeus ; capite albo
notato ; thorace supra maculis tribus albidis, metathorace dorso quad-
ricarinato ; abdominis segmento basali pallido, secundo apice binotato,
sequentibus apice pallido fasciatis ; pedibus ochraceis ; tarsis postice
pallidis.

Female. Length 71 lines. Steel-blue, inclining to deep purple on the
abdomen ; the head, below the insertion of the antennae, a semicir-
cular spot above, on each side of the face, touching the inner orbit of
the eyes, and a bi-oad stripe behind them, white; the eleven basal
joints of the antennae black, the third and fourth with a white line at
the outside ; the four following joints white, the rest of the apical
joints black ; the apex of the eighteenth joint with two blunt spines
at the apex outside ; the apex hollowed out obliquely for the recep-
tion of the nineteenth joint, which is attenuated at its base and geni-
culated ; this and the following joints forming, as it were, a second
antenna. Thorax : the scutellum, postscutellum, tegula;, and a spot
beneath the wings, white ; wings hyaline and iridescent ; the legs
|)ale ferruginous ; the posterior tibiae dusky, and the tarsi white ; the
claw-joint of all the tarsi black. Abdomen : the basal segment, or
petiole, pale testaceous, with a blunt sj^ine on each side of its inser-
tion ; the second segment with two white spots at its apex ; the third
and pen altimate segment with an emarginatc apical white marginal

IjUrn iil'U ''o'r Zr.r./ Vol, V PLI.

COLLECTED AT BA.CHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 143

fascia ; the other segments with interrupted fasciae ; the ovipositor as

long as the body.
Hab. Bachian.

This is the most remarkable species of Ichneumon with which I am ac-
quainted : the extraordinary geniculation of the antennae near its apex is
the only instance of the kind that I have seen. By some, this might be
regarded as being of generic value. The difference of form in antennae in
the same genus has, however, several parallels ; I may instance the genus
Prosopis amongst the Apidce. In the form of the head, the tarsi, wings,
and general contour of the body, this is a true Xylonomus.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1 . Megachile Pluto.

2. Front view of the head of ditto, with mamlibles 0])ened to show

the labrum.

3. Pheidole notabUis, worker major.

4. Ditto, worker minor.

5. Echinopla praetexta.

6. Amblyopone castanea.

7. Cataulacus setosus.

8. Podomyrma silvicola.

9. Odontomachus seBvissimus.

10. Mesoxena mistura.

11. Maxilla and maxillary palpi of CEcophyltu smuraydina.

12. Labium and labial palpi of ditto.

13. Antenna of ditto.

14. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis Churaxis.

15. Ditto of P. Busiris.

16. Ditto of P. Acantha.

17. Ditto of P. Merops.

18. Ditto of P. liJionus.

19. Ditto of P. Eudora.

20. Ditto of P. Metella.

21. Side view of P. Metella.

22. Scale of the petiole of P. Atropos.

23. Ditto of P. Acasta.

24. Ditto of P. Alphenus.

25. Ditto of P. Sabella.
2G. J)itto oi P. ferv ens.

All the figures are considerably magnified representations of the insects,
except that of Megachile Pluto, which is of the natural size.

144 MB. WALKEE ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Catalogue of tlie Dipterous Insects collected in Auiboyna by Mr.
A. E. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By
Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read January 19th, I860.]

Fam. BIBIONIDjE, Haliday.
Gen. Plecia, Soffmansegg .

1. Plecia (lorsalis, Walk. See vol. i. p. 5.

Earn. CULICID^, RalUhy.
Gen. Culex, Linn.

2. Culex IMPRIMENS, n.s. FcEm. Ferrugineus, proboscide palpisque
nigricantibus, antennis basi ochraceis, abdomine linea testacea, suturis
ventreque testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscis albido fasciatis, alls
cinereis.

Female. Ferruginous. Palpi and proboscis blackish ; tlie latter straight,
a little longer tlian the thorax. Antennae ochraceous at the base.
Thorax with testaceous tomeutum. Abdomen with a testaceous line
and testaceous sutures above ; under side testaceous. Legs testaceous,
long ; tarsi brown, the joints whitish at the base. Wings cinereous ;
veins brown, slightly fringed. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

'S. Culex ventralis, n. s. Fam. Fuscus, capite albo notato, ab-
domine fasciis latis ventralibus candidis, pedibus cupreo et purpiu-as-
cente nitentibus, alis subcinereis.

Female. Brown. Head marked with white above. Proboscis straight,
very little longer than the thorax. Abdomen with broad pure white
ventral bands ; legs with cupreous and jiurplish toraentura. Wings
greyish ; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 3 hnes ; of the
wings 5 hnes.

Fani. TIPULID.E, Haliday,

Gen. LiMNOBiA, Meigen.

Div. nov.

No discal areolet; subcostal, radial, cubital, and the three externo-medial
veins not forked ; subanal and anal veins distinct ; the usual veinlet
between the 2nd and 3rd externo-medial veins.

4. LiMNOBiA viTTiFRONS, u. s. F(gm. Ocluacea, gracilis, capite ni-
gro vittato, antennis uigris albido fasciatis basi testaceis, thorace guttis
quatuor nigricantibus, abdomine fasciis septem fuscis, pedibus longis-
simis gracillimis, tarsis nigricantibus, alis hnipidis, halteribus nigris.

ME. WALKER OK DIPTEEA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 145

Female. Ochraceous, slender. Head with a black stripe on the vertex.
Antennae black, nearly as long as the thorax ; joints whitish towards
the tips; 1st and 2nd joints testaceous. Thorax with two blackish
dots on each side ; pectus pale testaceous. Abdomen with seven
broad brown bands ; the 1st and the 7th abbreviated on each side.
Legs very long and slender; tarsi blackish. Wings limpid; veins
black, testaceous towards the base ; halteres black. Length of the
body 8 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Gen. TiPULA, Linn.

5. TiPULA FUMiFiNis. Mas. Ochracea, capite nigro vittato, antennis
nigris basi ochraceis, thorace vittis tribus diiFusis fuscis vittaque pos-
tica obscuriore magis concisa, abdomine apicem versus fusco rnaculis
lateralibus pallidis, pedibus nigris, femoribus ochraceis apice nigris,
alis limpidis, costa venisque apicalibus nigricante marginatis, halteri-
bus testaceis apice nigris.

Tipula longicornis, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Ochraceous. Head with a black stripe. Antennae black, much shorter
than the thorax; sutures of the joints whitish; 1st and 2nd joints
ochraceous. Thorax with three diflPnse brown stripes ; hind part with
a darker and more concise stripe. Abdomen brown towards the tip ;
a pale spot on each side of the fore border of the 4th and following
segments. Legs black, long, stout ; femora ochraceous with black
tips. Wings limpid, blackish along the costa and about the terminal
veins ; discal areolet hexagonal ; radial and cubital veins slightly
curved, springing from a common petiole which proceeds from the
angle of the discal areolet ; halteres testaceous, with black knobs.
Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Pam. STRATIOMID^, Haliclay.
Geu. Ptilocera, Wied.

6. Ptilocera quadridentata, Wied. See vol. i. p. 7-

Gen. Hermetia, Latr.

7. Hermetia rufiventris, n. s. Foem. Nigra, capite supra lurido,
antennis basi fulvis, thorace fasciis tribus tomcntosis subauratis, scu-
tello lurido, abdomine rufo aurco-tomentoso basi nigro, segmento
2° albido semihyalino, femoribus apice rufesccntibus, tibiis tarsisque
testaceis, illis nigricante strigatis, alis nigricantibus basi cinereis, hal-
teribus testaceis apice pomaceis.

Female. Black. Head with cinereous pubescence, somewhat lurid
above. Antenna; tawny towards the base ; flagellum very elongate
fusiform. Thorax with three slight gilded toincntose bands, the

146 MU. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED IK AMBOTNA.

middle one more distinct than the others ; scutellum lurid. Abdomen
red, with gilded tomentum, black at the base ; second segment dingy
whitish, semihyaline. Femora reddish towards the tips; tibiae and
tarsi testaceous ; the former with a blackish streak on each side. Wings
blackish, cinereous at the base ; veins black ; halteres testaceous, with
apple-green knobs. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Geu. Saegus, Fahr.

8. Sargus QUADRiFASCiATUS, n. s. Mtts, Fulvus, antcnnis tcstaceis,
articulo 3° subrotundo, arista nigra, abdomine subclavato fasciis
quatuor nigris, tibiis tarsisque nigricantibus, alis cinereis, stigmate
halteribusque nigris.

Male. Tawny. Head cinereous beneath, mouth and antennte testa-
ceous ; 3i'd joint of the latter nearly round ; arista black. Abdomen
subclavate, about twice the length of the thorax, with four black
bands. Tibiae and tarsi blackish. Wings grey; veins, stigma, and
halteres, black. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

.9. Sargus mactans, Walk. See vol. iv. p. 97.

Fam. TABANID.E, Leach.
Gen. Chrtsops, Meigen.

10. Chrysops dispar, Fabr. See vol. i. p. 9.

Pam. ASILID^, Leach.
Geu. Lapheia, Fahr.

11. Laphria TRiSTis. F(£m. Cupreo-nigra, capite nigro, facie argeu-
tea, antennarum articulo 3° longi-fusiformi, pectore uiveo, abdomine
cupreo-purpureo, pcdibus cyanescente nigris crassis, alis nigricantibus
basi cinei'eis, halteribus piceis.

Laphria tristis, Dol. Nat. Tijcl. Ned. hid. 1857, p. 398.

Female. Cupreous black, with black down and bristles. Head black,
with silvery-white pile on each side of the face, and with cinereous hairs
beneath ; mystax with several long black bristles. Third joint of the
antennce elongate-fusiform. Pectus shining white. Abdomen cu-
preous purple. Legs bluish-black, thick. Wings blackish, grey at
the base, veins black ; halteres piceous. Like L. scapularis in struc-
ture. Length of body 8 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

12. Laphria compta, n. s. Fam. Laete cj^anea, gracihs, capite
aurato, facie ochraceo fasciata, antennarum articulo 3" fusiformi, tho-

MR. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 147

race antico pectoreque argenteo-albidis, abdomine cylindrico maculis
lateralibus trigonis albidis, pedibus robustis viridi aut purpureo variis
albo pilosis, tibiis anticis subtus fulvo tomentosis, alis cinereis basi lim-
pidis, baltei'ibus albidis.
Female. Structure like that of the preceding species. Bright metallic
blue, slender. Head gilded, silvery-cinereous behind and beneath,
with a broad ocbraceous baud on the face ; mystax with a few long,
slender black bristles. Proboscis and antenna; black ; 3rd joiut of
the latter fusiform. Thorax in front and pectus silvery whitish. Ab-
domen cylindrical ; segments with whitish triangular spots on the sides
of the hind borders, which are whitish beneath. Legs stout, partly
green or purple, with white hairs and black bristles ; fore tibia; with
tawny tomentum beneath. Wings cinereous, limpid towards the base ;
veins black ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 5i lines ; of
the wings lU lines.

13. Laphria socia. Walk. See vol. iii. p. 84.

Laphria Kollari, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857, p. 396.

14. Laphria Taphius, Walk. Cat. Dipt. Brit. Mus. 2. 380.
Inhabits also the Philippine Islands.

15. Laphria comes. Walk. See vol. iii. p. ^b.

16. Laphria ampla, n. s. Fceyn. Nigra, obseura, latiuscula, capita
aurato, antennarum articulo 3" sublanceolato, maculis duabus humera-
libus pectoreque aureo tomentosis, abdomine lineari segmentis P, 2",
3''que ochraceo fasciatis, pedibus rufis crassis aurato pilosis, alis nigri-
cantibus basi cinereis, halteribus albidis.

Female. Black, dull, rather broad. Head brightly gilded, with gilded
hairs; mystax with a few black bristles. Third joint of the antennae
somewhat lanceolate, nearly twice the length of the 1st and 2nd to-
gether. Two humeral spots on the thorax and pectus, with gilded
tomentum. Abdomen linear; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments with orange
bands on the hind borders. Legs red, thick, with gilded hairs and
bristles. Wings blackish, cinereous at the base ; veins black ; halteres
whitish. Var. fi. Abdomen wholly black. Length of the body 8 lines ;
of the wings 16 lines.

17. Laphria puer. Fam. Testacea, cinereo pilosa, capite aurato,
antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi apice nigro, pedibus sat robustis non
incrassatis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris basi testacis.

Laphria \mc\; Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. hid. 1858.

Female. Testaceous, with pale cinereous hairs. Head with pale gilded
tomentum. Mystax with a few pale bristles; cpistonm quite Hat.

148 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Proboscis tawny. Third joint of the antennae fussiform, its apical half
black. Legs rather stout, not incrassated. Wings slightly greyish ;
veins black, of the usual structure, testaceous at the base. Length of
body 3^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Gen. Ommatius, III.

18. Ommatius noctifer. Walk. See vol. ii. p. 88.
Ommatius minor, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ltd. 1857, p- 394.

Fam. LEPTID^, Westw.
Gen. Leptis, Fahr.
If). Leptis ferruginosa, Wied. See vol. i. p. 118.

Fam. BOMBYLID^, Walk.
Gen. Anthrax, Meig.
'20. Anthrax Pelops, IValk. See vol. ii. p. 90.

21. Anthrax devecta, n. s. Foem. Cinerea, capite antico lurido.
thorace pilis fulvis, scutello rufo, abdomine nigro, fasciis tomentosis
interruptis pallide flavescentibus fasciisque duabus subapicalibus in-
terruptis albis, pilis lateralibus nigris basi flavescentibus, disco antico
fasciaque postica ventralibus albis, alis cinereis fulvo lineatis disco
nigricantibus.

Group of .4. Tantalus, Female. Cinereous. Head lurid in front and
about the mouth. Antennae black ; 3rd joint lanceolate. Thorax
with tawny hairs in front and on each side ; pectus whitish, with
yellowish hairs on each side; scutellum red. Abdomen black, with
pale yellowish tomeutose interrupted bands ; the last two segments
with interrupted white bands ; sides with black hairs except at the
base, where the hairs are pale yellowish ; underside with a white disk
towards the base, where the hairs are white on each side ; a white
band hindward. Legs black. Wings grey, blackish in the disk, tawny
at the base, along the costa, and along some of the veins ; halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

22. Anthrax emittens, n. s. Fam, Nigra, antennarum articulo
3° bi'cvissimo, pectore cinereo pilis albidis, abdomine fasciculis quatuor
lateralibus, fasciis ventralibus albido pilosis, alis angustis, costa dimi-
dioque basali nigris, halteribus apice niveis.

Gvou^ oi A. degenera. Female. Black. Head cinereous behind, white
about the eyes. Third joint of the antennae very short. Pectus
cinereous, with whitish hairs. Abdomen clothed with black hairs.

ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED IN AMT30TKA. 149

with a tuft of white hairs on each side at the base, and with another on
each side near the tip ; under side with bands of whitish hairs on the
hind borders of the segments. Wings narrow, black on nearly half
the length from the base and along nearly the whole length of the
costa ; fore fork of the cubital vein forming an almost right angle,
which emits a long stump ; halteres with snow-white tips. Length of
the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

23. Anthrax praitendens, Walk. See vol. iv. p. 111.

24. Anthrax aterrima, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ltd. 1858.
A. proferens. Walk. See vol. iv. p. 113.

Fam. EMPID^, LeacJi.

Gen. Epiceia, n. g.

Mas, Hyboti affinis. Caput thorace non angustius. Oculi magni, con-
nexi, supra plani. Antennce brevissimae ; articulus 3"^ brevi-conicus ;
arista longissima, gracillima. Abdomen lineare, thorace multo longius
et angustius. Pedes postici incrassati, femoribus subtus spinosis.

Allied to Hybos. Male. Head as broad as the thorax. Eyes large,
connected, flat above. Antennae very short ; 3rd joint short, conical ;
arista very long and slender. Abdomen linear, much longer and
narrower than the thorax. Hind legs incrassated, with the femora
spinose beneath. Wings with the veins much like those of Hybos in
structure, but with the praebrachial vein inclined exteriorly towards
the cubital.

25. Epickia ferruginea, n. s. Mas. Ferruginea, antennis nigris
basi testaceis, abdomine nigro basi ferrugineo, pedibus anterioribus
testaceis coxis nigris, pedibus posticis nigris, alis cinereis apud costam
nigricantibus, halteribus testaceis.

Male. Ferruginous. Eyes large, connected, flat above. Antenna; black,
testaceous at the base. Abdomen black, ferruginous at the base.
Anterior legs testaceous, with black coxa; ; hind legs black. Wings
dark grey, blackish along the costa ; veins black ; halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Fam. DOLICHOPIDJE, LeacTi.

Gen. PsiLOPrs, 3fei(/.

2fi. P.siLOPUS persuadens, n. s. Mas. Smaragdinus, capite supra
purpurascente-cyaneo antice albo, antennis nigris basi testaceis, arista
thoracis longitudine, thorace vittis tribus cupreis, abdomine cyanescente
viridi, lateribus albis fasciis cupreo-nigris, pedibus all)idis, fcmorilnis
l)osticis apice tibiis posticis basi tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis fascia
subapicali nigricante postice abbreviata.

150 MR. WALKEE ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Male. Blight emerald green. Head shining white in front; disk of
the vertex purphsh bhie. Proboscis testaceous. Antennae black,
testaceous towards the base ; 3rd joint lanceolate ; arista about as long-
as the thorax. Thorax with three cupreous stripes ; pectus shining
white. Abdomen bluish green, white on each side, with broad black
bands, which are partly cupreous on each side. Legs whitish ; tarsi,
hind femora towards the tips, and hind tibiae towards the base, black.
Wings grey, with an irregular subapical blackish band, which is ab-
breviated hindward ; fore branch of the prsebrachial vein curved in-
wards ; discal transverse vein deeply undulating. Length of the body
5 1 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

27. PsiLOPUs PERFiciENS, n. s. FcBni. Cyaneus, latiusculus, capite
purpureo, antennis pedibusque nigris, arista thoracis longitudine,
thorace vittis tribus cupreo-viridibus, abdomine viridi, alis cineras-
centibus.

Female. Blue, rather broad. Head purple, silvery in front. Antenna;
black, with four setae; 3rd joint lanceolate; arista as long as the
thorax. Thorax with three bright cupreous-green stripes ; the middle
one with a purple tinge along each side. Pectus silvery. Abdomen
green. Legs black. Wings greyish ; fore branch of the praebrachial
vein scarcely curved ; discal transverse vein nearly straight ; halteres
black. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

28. PsiLOPUS SUPERANS, n. s. Mas. Laete viridis, capite supra pur-
pureo, antennis nigris brevissimis, arista thoracis fere longitudine,
thorace vitta cuprea, abdomine cupreo basi cyaneo-viridi fasciis aurato-
viridibus sutm'is nigris, pedibus obscure fulvis, alis cinerascentibus.

Male, Bright green. Head broader than the thorax, purple above.
Antennae black, very short ; arista hardly shorter than the thorax.
Thorax with a cupreous stripe ; pectus with very slight whitish tomcn-
tum. Abdomen cupreous, much narrower than the thorax, bluish
green at the base, with golden-green bands ; sutures black. Legs dull
tawny. Wings greyish ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial
vein forming a rounded but very abrupt angle, straight from thence
to its tip ; discal transverse vein straight. Length of the body 2 hues ;
of the wings 3| lines.

Tarn. PIPUNCULID^, Curt.
Gren. PiPUNCULus, Latr.

29. PiPUNCULUS Amboinalis, n. s. Mas. Testaceus, antennis piceis,
abdomine atro fasciis albido-cinereis, femoribus apices versus nigris,
alis longis cinerascentibus, vena prsebrachiali angulata furcata, halte-
ribus albidis.

Male. Testaceous. Head with white toraeutum. Antennae piceous.

MB. WALKEK ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 151

Abdomen deep black, with a whitish grey band on the hind border of
each segment ; tip wholl}' whitish-grey. Legs pale testaceous ; coxae
black ; femora black on the apical half ; tarsi with black tips. Wings
long, greyish ; veins black ; praebrachial vein forming an angle which
emits a fork; halteres whitish. Length of the body 3 lines; of the
wings 8 lines.

Fam. STEPHIDJE, Leach.

Gen. CEEATOPnxA, Wied.

30. Ceratophya Indica. FcBm. Testacea, capite maculis tribus nigris,
antennis fulvis articulo 3° longissimo, thoracis disco nigro, abdomine
lituris tribus fasciis duabus latis apiceque nigris, alis subcinereis apice
subnigricantibus, areola subapicali ex parte bisecta.

Ceratophya Indica, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857, p. 404.

Female. Testaceous. Head with a black spot on each side of the
vertex, and with a third black spot at the base of the antennae. An-
tennae tawny ; 3rd joint linear, very long. Disk of the thorax black.
Abdomen fully twice the length of the thorax ; 2nd segment with a
triangular black dorsal stripe, and with an elongated black spot in
front on each side ; 2nd and 3rd segments with broad black bands on
their fore borders ; tip wholly black. Wings slightly greyish, slightly
blackish at the tips; veins black; subapical areolet partly bisected.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Eeistalis, Latr.

31. Eristalis Agno, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 3. p. 625.
Inhabits also Australia.

32. Eristalis splendens, Leguillon. See vol. iii. p. 95.
Eristalis metallica, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857, p. 406.

.33. Eristalis inscripta. Mas. Viridis, nitens, capite antico aeneo
vittis duabus albo tomentosis, antennis rufis, thorace maculis quatuor
lateralibus vittisque tribus nigris, abdomine aeneo-viridi fasciis duabus
connexis maculisque sex posterioribus nigris, alis limpidis vitta sub-
costali nigricante, halteribus albidis.

Eristahs inscripta, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857, p. 40.

Male. Green, shining. Head in front aeneous, with a broad stripe of white
pile on each side. Eyes with the facets in front more minute than
those above. Antennae red ; arista simple. Thorax with three slender
middle stripes and with two large black spots on each side ; forepart
with cinereous bloom ; scutellum bluish-green. Abdomen aeneous-
green ; 2nd segment with two black bands which are connected by a
broad black stripe ; 2nd and 4th segments with three black spots on
each. Legs black. Wings limpid, with a blackish subcostal stripe

152 MR. WALKER O^ DIPTERA COLLECTED TX AMBOTNA.

which extends to the brown stigma; veins black; halteres whitish.
Length of the body 5 Hnes ; of the wings 12 lines.

34. Eristalis obliterans, n. s. Mas. Viridescente-nigra, nitens,
capite guttis duabus albis, autennis piceis, thorace subseneo, scntello
nigricante-cyaneo, abdomine cyanescente-viridi, segmentis \° et 2"
atris vividi marginatis, fascia interrupta maculaque posterioribus nigris,
tibiis anterioribus albo fasciatis, alis limpidis basi nigricante-fuscis,
halteribus albidis.

Male. Greenish-black, shining. Head with a white dot on each side in
front. Eyes as in the preceding species. Antenna; piceons; aiista
simple. Thorax with an a;neous tinge ; scutellum blackish-blue. Ab-
domen bluish-green; 1st and 2nd segments deep black, green along
their hind borders ; 3rd with a black spot in front, and with an inter-
rupted black band hindward. Legs black ; anterior tibiae with a
white basal band. Wings limpid, irregidarly blackish-brown towards
the base ; stigma brown ; veins black ; halteres whitish. Length of
the body 44 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Pam. CONOPID^, Leach.

Geu. CoNOPS, Linn.

35. CoNOPS RUFiFRONS. Mus. Rufus, subauratus, capite aurato mi-
cante, antennis apice pallidioribus articulo 3° lanceolato, thorace ni-
gricante, humeris scutelloque rufis, abdomine clavato segmentis 1° et
2° nigricantibus, tarsis nigricantibus apice pallidis, alis cinereis apiul
costam iuridis, halteribus testaceis.

Conops rufifrons, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857, p. 412.

Male. Red, with slight gilded tomentum. Head with bright gilded
tomentum on each side in front. Antennae brighter and paler to-
wards the tips ; 3rd joint lanceolate, shorter than the 2nd ; 4tli and
5th veiy minute, forming an angle with the 3rd ; 6th elongate-
conical, terminated by an arista. Thorax blackish ; humeri and scu-
tellum red. Abdomen clavate ; 1st and 2nd segments blackish. Tarsi
blackish, w ith pale tips. Wings grey, lurid along the costa ; veins
black ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings
9 lines.

Pam. MUSCID^, Latr.

Subiam. Tachinides, Walk.

G-en. Tachina, Fair.

36. Tachina analis. -Fcem. Pallide aurata, capite niveo, frontali-
bus angustis linearibus ferrugineis, antennis pallide flavis, articulo

MR. WALKER ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED IN AMBOTKA. l')3

3° lineaii, arista vix plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, scutello
testaceo, abdomine testaceo longi-ovato apicem versus nigro, pedibus
testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus, alls cinereis, costa basi lurida.

Tachina analis, Dol. MSS.

Female. Pale-gilded, with black bristles. Head brilliant white, except
on each side of the frontalia, which are narrow, linear, ferruginous, and
have a few black bristles along each side ; facialia without bristles ;
epistoma not prominent. Antennse pale yellow, not near reaching
the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than twice
the length of the 2nd ; arista moderately long, very minutely plumose.
Thorax with four black stripes, the two middle very slender ; scutel-
lum testaceous. Abdomen testaceous, elongate-oval, longer than the
thorax, black, and with black spines towards the tip. Legs testaceous ;
tarsi blackish. Wings grey, lurid along the costa towards the base ;
veins black, tawny towards the base, praebrachial vein forming a very
obtuse angle at its flexure, from which it is nearly straight to its tip ;
discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by rather less than its
length from the border, and by very little less than its length from
the flexure of the praebrachial. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

37. Tachina? discifera, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, robusta, abdomen
ovatum guttis duabus fascia posteriore maculaque apicali nigris, alis
cinereis, costa venisque late fuscesceutibus, alulis cinereo-fulvis, halte-
ribus pallidis.

Female. Tawny, stout, with long black bristles. Head wanting. Ab-
domen oval, with black spines towards the tip, a little longer than the
thorax ; 2nd segment with a transverse black dot on its hind border j
3rd with a black band on its hind border ; a black apical spot. Wings
grey, broadly brownish along the costa and about the veins; the
latter black, tawny towards the base ; praebrachial vein forming a
rounded right angle at its flexure, beyond which it is much curved
inward ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by much less than
its length from the border, and by much more than its length from
the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae cinereous tawny ; halteres
paler than the body. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings
7 lines.

Gen. Hamaxia, n. g.

38. Hamaxia incongrua, n. s. Foem. Fulva, sat gracilis, capite al-
bido, frontalibus fulvis linearibus, oculis nudis, palpis clavatis longius-
culis, antennarum articulo 3° longo lineari, arista subpubescente,
thorace vittis tribus indistinctis subobscurioribus, abdomine elliptico,
alis cinereis apud costam fuscesceutibus, alulis subtestaceis sat magnis.

Female. Tawny, rather slender, with black bristles. Head whitish in
front and above, excepting the frontalia, which are tawny and linear ;
front prominent ; facialia with black bristles on each side of the e])i-
LINN PEOC. — ZOOLOGY, SUPPLEMENT. 11

154 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Stoma, which is promiuent. Eyes bare. Palpi clavate, rather long.
Antennae almost reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at
the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista very minutely
pubescent, tawny and stout at the base. Thorax with three indistinct
^slightly darker stripes. Abdomen elliptical, not longer than the tho-
rax. Legs stout. Wings grey, brownish along the costa; veins black,
tawny at the base ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle, end-
ing with the costal vein at the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein
almost straight and upright, parted by much more than its length from
the prajbrachial transverse vein, and by very much more than its length
from the flexure of the praebrachial vein ; alulae with a testaceous tinge,
rather small. Length of the body 3i hues ; of the wings 7 lines.
The characters in the above description of this species will sufficiently
distinguish it as forming a new genus of Tachinides.

Gen. Masiceba, Macquart.

39. Masicera morio. Mas. Nigra, elongata, cinerascente-tomen-
tosa, capite albo latei-ibus auratis, frontalibus atris linearibus, oculis
nudis, anteunarum articulo 3° lineari apice rotundato, thorace vittis
quatuor nigris, abdomine longi-conico fasciis tribus albido-cinereis,
pedibus robustis, alls cinereis apud costam nigricantibus postice basi
albis, alulis albis.

Masicera morio, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Male. Black, elongate, with whitish cinereous tomentum and with long
bristles and spines. Head with white shining tomentum, pale-gilded
on each side above ; frontalia deep black, linear, beset with bristles
along each side ; faciaUa with bristles along one-third of the length
from the epistoma, which is not prominent. Eyes bare. Antennae
reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, more than
four times the length of the 2nd; arista long, slender, somewhat
stouter towards the base. Thorax with four black stripes ; the middle
pair very slender. Abdomen elongate-conical ; 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
segments with a whitish cinereous band on the fore borders of the
segments. Legs stout. Wings grey, blackish along the costa, white
hindward at the base ; veins black, pale yellow in the white part ;
praebrachial vein forming a nearly right angle at its flexure, near which
it is curved inward and is thence straight to its tip ; discal transverse
vein curved inward, parted by less than its length from the border and
from the flexure of the praebrachial. Alulae white. Length' of the
body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

40. Masicera manifesta, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, robusta, capite albo
lateribus auratis, frontalibus atris antice perpaulo latioribus, oculis
pubescentibus, antennarum articulo 3" lineari obtuso, thorace cinereo
vittis quatuor nigris, scutello testaceo, abdomine longi-ovato fasciis
tribus latis cinereis, pedibus robustis, alis cinereis, alulis albis.

MB. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 155

Female. Black, stout, thickly beset with long black bristles. Head
white, shining, gilded on each side of the frontalia, which are deep
black and very slightly widening in front; facialia without bristles,
except by the epistoma, which is not prominent. Eyes pubescent.
Antennae nearly reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint linear, somewhat
obtuse at the tip, four times the length of the 2nd ; arista long, stout
for nearly half the length from the base. Thorax with cinereous to-
mentum and with black stripes, the middle pair slender ; scutellura
testaceous. Abdomen elongate-oval, with black spines which are
mostly towards its tips, and with three broad cinereous bands on the
foreborders of the segments. Legs stout. Wings grey ; prse-
brachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, beyond which it is
curved inward ; discal transverse vein with its hind part much curved
inward, parted by much less than its length from the border and by
rather less than its length from the flexure of the prajbrachial ; alulte
white. Length of the body bh, lines; of the wings 11 lines.

41. Masicera prominens, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, subcylindrica, sat
angusta, capite albo, frontalibus nigris antice vix latescentibus, oculis
nudis, antennarum articulo 3° lineari apice rotundato, thorace albido
vittis quatuor angustis nigris, abdomine longi-ovato, pedibus robus-
tis, alis cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus, alulis albis.

Female. Black, rather narrow, nearly cylindrical, with numerous long
bristles. Head white, shining; frontalia black, hardly widening in
front, with a few bristles along each side ; facialia with bristles towards
the epistoma, which is slightly prominent. Eyes bare. Antennae
nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip,
about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista long, stout for one-
third of the length. Thorax with whitish bloom, and with four slen-
der black stripes. Abdomen elongate-oval, longer than the thorax,
with black spines towards the tip. Legs stout. Wings grey, brown-
ish along the costa ; praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its
flexure, beyond which it is slightly curved inward ; discal transverse
vein hardly undulating, parted by very little less than its length from
the border, and from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae white.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7j lines.

Gen. Phokocera, Macq.

42. Phorocera expellens, n. s. Mas. Nigra, robusta, frontalibus
atris linearibus, facie alba, oculis pubescentibus, palpis longis fulvis,
antennarum articulo 3° lineari longissimo subobtuso, thorace vittis
quatuor fasciaque postica nigris, abdomine ovato fasciis tribus albis,
alis cinerascentibus breviusculis basi et apud venas nigricantibus, alulis
albis, halteribus albidis.

Male. Black, stout. Head and thorax with pale gilded tomentum ;
frontalia deep black, linear, with bristles along each side ; face white;

11*

150 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IK AMBOTNA.

facialia without bristles except by the epistoma, which is prominent.
Eyes pubescent. Palpi long, tawny, Antennse reaching the epistoma ;
3rd joint linear, somewhat obtuse at the tip, fully six times the length
of the 2nd; arista long, slender, stouter towards the base. Thorax
with four black stripes ; the middle pair slender ; a black band hind-
ward. Abdomen oval, very little longer than the thorax, with black
spines towards the tip ; 2nd, 3rd, and 4th segments with white bands
on their fore borders, that on the 2nd segment very slight. Legs
stout. Wings greyish, rather short, blackish at the base and along
most of the length of the costa and of the veins ; prsebrachial vein
forming a hardly obtuse and slightly rounded angle at its flexure,
from whence it is very slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal trans-
verse vein undulating, parted by much less than its length from the
border, and from the flexure of the prajbrachial. Alulae white. Hal-
teres whitish. Length of the body 4a- lines ; of the wings 8 Unes.

43. Phorocera decedens, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite albo supra
aurato, frontahbus nigris antice sublatescentibus, oculis pubescentibus,
palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 3° lineari longissimo, thorace aurato
vittis quatuor nigris, scutelh basi nigro, abdomine ovato fasciis tribus
latis interruptis cinereis, pedibus robustis, alis cinereis, alulis albis.

Male. Black, with long, black bristles. Head white, gilded above,
clothed with white hairs beneath ; frontalia black, widening slightly
in front, with a few black bristles on each side ; facialia with bristles
along nearly the whole length from the epistoma, which is not pro-
minent. Eyes pubescent. Palpi tawny. Antennae almost reaching
the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, six times the length
of the 2nd ; arista long, stout for more than one third of its length.
Thorax gilded, with four slender black stripes, the lateral pair inter-
rupted; scutellum black at the base; pectus cinereous. Abdomen
oval, with black spines towards its tip, hardly longer than the thorax ;
three broad cinereous interrupted bands on the fore borders of the seg-
ments. Legs stout. Wings grey ; praebrachial vein forming a right
angle at its flexm-e, beyond which it is curved inward ; discal trans-
verse vein slightly undulating, parted by a little less than its length
from the border, and by a little more than its length from the flexure
of the praebrachial ; alulae white. Length of the body4i lines; of
the wings 8 lines,

44. Phorocera basitincta. n. s. Mas. Nigra, lata, capite albo
supra cinereo, frontalibus atris antice latescentibus, oculis pubescen-
tibus, antennarum articulo 3° longissimo subobtuso, thorace albido
vittis duabus gracillimis nigris, abdomine ovato subtessellato, pedibus
robustis, alis cinereis basi et apud costam nigricantibus, alulis albis.

Female. Black, broad, thickly beset with long black bristles. Head
white, cinereous above : frontalia deep black, widening in front, with
black bristles along each side ; facialia with bristles along nearly the

MK. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 157

whole length from the epistoma, which is slightly prominent. Eyes
pubescent. Antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, some-
what obtuse at the tip, about six times the length of the 2nd ; ai-ista
long, stout for about one-third of its length. Thorax with whitish
bloom, and with two very slender black stripes. Abdomen oval, not
longer than the thorax, somewhat tessellated on account of its whitish
glancing bands being interrupted on each side. Legs stout. Wings
grey, blackish at the base and along part of the costa ; praebrachial
vein forming a rounded and slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, beyond
which it is slightly curved inward ; discal transverse vein nearly
straight, parted by much less than its length from the border, and by
less than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulaj white.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Teichopeosopa ? Macq.

45. Trichoprosopa? marginalis, n. s. Nigra, elongata, capite an-
tico albo, antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, thorace cinereo vittis dua-
bus nigris humeris albidis, pedibus robustis, alis nigricantibus elongatis
margine postico strigisque cinereis, alulis cinereis nigro marginatis.

Black, elongate, bristly. Head white in front ; two long stout bristles
on the vertex, and one on each side of the epistoma, which is promi-
nent ; frontalia with bristles ; facialia without bristles. Antennae
almost reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint fusiform, rather obtuse at the
tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista long, stout for
about one-third of its length. Thorax shghtly cinereous; humeri
whitish ; two dorsal black stripes. Legs stout. Wings blackish,
elongate, cinereous along the hind border, and with cinereous streaks
in some of the areolets ; praebrachial vein emitting a stump and form-
ing an obtuse angle at its flexure, beyond which it is undulating and
joins the cubital vein at some distance from its tip ; discal transverse
vein undulating, parted by about half its length from the border, and
from the flexure of the prffibrachial ; alulae cinereous, black bordered ;
halteres black. Length of the body 6| lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.

Gen. Dexia, Meigen.

46. Dexia V alulifera, n. s. Mas. Nigra, angusta, capite albo,
frontalibus piceis perangustis, oculis nudis, palpis fulvis, antennis
piccis basi fulvis, thorace subcinereo fascia media vittisque tribus an-
ticis albis, abdoniine cylindrico fasciis duabus latis apiceque chalybstis,
pedibus longis, alis angustis fuscescentibus, alulis pallida flavis,halteri-
bus albis.

Male. Black, narrow, with a few slender bristles. Head white, shining ;
frontalia piceous, veiy narrow ; facialia without bristles, except by
the eiMstoma, which is not prominent, and has a black point on each

158 Mil. WALKEll ON DIPTEUA COLLECTED IN AMBOYNA.

side. Eyes bare. Palpi tawny. Antennae piceous, slender, almost
reaching the epistoma ; 1st and 2nd joints tawny ; 3rd linear, rounded
at the tip, about foiu' times the length of the 2nd ; arista slender,
bare, stout at the base. Thorax slightly cinereous ; forepart with
three more distinct white stripes, which terminate in a middle white
band ; pectus white. Abdomen cylindi-ical, much narrower than the
thorax, and about twice its length, chalybeous at the tip, and with
two broad chalybeous bands on the fore borders of the segments. Legs
long, slender, nearly bare. Wings narrow, brovviiish ; veins tawny at
the base ; prsebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure,
fi'om whence it is almost straight to its tip ; discal transverse vein
slightly undulating, parted by half its length from the border, and by
much more than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulae
pale yellow, the lower pair extremely large ; halteres white. Length
of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Subfam. Saecophagidbs, Walk.

Gen. Sarcophaga, Meigen.

47. Sarcophaga sericeonitens. Foem. Cinerea, capite aurato, frou-
talibus nigris antice sublatescentibus, thorace vittis tribus nigris par-
allelis bene determinatis, abdomine tessellato subtus basi nigro, alis
cinereis apud costam subobscurioribus, alulis albis.

Sarcophaga sericeonitens, Dol. MSS.

Female. Cinereous. Head pale-gilded ; frontalia black, slightly widen-
ing in front. Palpi black. Thorax with three regular parallel black
stripes, the middle one extending over the scutellum. Abdomen di-
stinctly tessellated, black beneath at the tip. Wings grey, a little dark-
er along the costa ; prsebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure,
near which it is curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip; discal
transverse vein straight, parted by much less than its length from the
border, and by little more than half its length from the flexure of the
prsebrachial ; alulae w hite. Length of the body 5^ lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

48. Sarcophaga aurata, n. s. Mas et Ftem. Cinerea, subaurata,
capite aurato micante, frontalibus atris antice sublatescentibus, thorace
vittis tribus nigris parallelis bene determinatis, abdomine apice aurato
vittis tribus apiceque nigris, alis cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus,
alulis albis.

Male and Female. Cinereous, very slightly gilded. Head brightly gild-
ed; frontalia deep black, slightly widening in front. Palpi and an-
tennas black. Thorax with three regular jjarallel black stripes, the
middle one extending over the scutellum. Abdomen brightly gilded
towards the tip, narrower in the male than in the female, with three
black stripes, the middle one extending to the tip, which is black, the
lateral pair extending to the bind border of tlie 3rd segment. Wings

Mil. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTEB IN AMBOTNA. 159

• grey, brownish along most of the costa ; prsebrachial vein as in the
preceding species ; discal transverse vein hardly curved in the male,
slightly curved in the female, parted as in the last species, nearer the
flexure of the prtebrachial in the female than in the male ; alulae white.
Length of the body 6-6^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Subfam. Muscides, Walk.

Gen. MuscA, Linn.

4.9. MuscA cosTALis (genus Silbomyia, Macq.). Fcern. Aureo-viridis,
capita aurato micante, frontalibus et faciei lateribus atris, palpis an-
tennis pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis quatuor auratis, femoribus
cyanescente viridibus, alis cinereis basi et apud costam nigris, venis
fusco marginatis, alulis anticis albis, posticis nigricantibus basi albis.

C5Tiomyia costalis, Dol. MSS.

Closely allied to 31. opulent a, Walk. vol. ii. p. 104. Female. Golden green,
beset with long stout black bristles. Head brightly gilded ; hind part,
frontalia, and face deep black, the latter with a bright gilded middle
ridge ; epistoma prominent. Palpi and antennae black, 3rd joint of the
latter rather long. Thorax purple in some aspects, with four slight
golden stripes. Abdomen with black spines hindward. Legs black,
stout; femora bluish green. Wings grey, black at the base and along
the costa, brown along most of the length of the veins ; prsebrachial
vein forming a right angle at its flexure, beyond which it is slightly
undulating; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by a little less
than half its length from the border, and by a little more than half its
length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alula; white, the lower
pair blackish, except towards the base. Length of the body 6 lines;
of the wings 10 lines.

50. Musca obtrusa. Walk. See vol. iii. p. 105.

51. Musca bivittata (genus Calliphora, Desv.). Fam. Nigra, tho-
race vittis quatuor albis parallelis, lateralibus postice abbreviatis, ab-
domine cyaneo-viridi segmentis purpureo marginatis, alis cinereis,
costa exteriore venisque fusco marginatis, alulis albis.

Lucilia bivittata, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. hid. 1858.

Female. Black. Head wanting. Thorax with four parallel white
stripes ; the lateral pair abbreviated hindward ; pectus white. Ab-
domen bright bluish green, with a slight white bloom, broader but
hardly longer than the thorax ; hind borders of the segments purple.
Wings grey, brown exteriorly along the costa and along the veins ;
prajbrachial vein forming a right and slightly rounded angle at its
flexure, beyond which it is curved inward ; discal transverse vein
slightly vmdulating, parted by little more than half its length from the
border and from the flexure of the prii-brachial ; aluliCMhite. Length
of the bodv 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

160 Mil. WALKEK ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOYNA.

52. MuscA FERRUGINEA (gcniis Oclivomyia, Desv.). Faun. Fulva,
cinereo-subtomentosa, capite albo, palpis pallidis, abdomine apicem
versus cyanescente purpureo, tibiis apice tarsisque nigvis, alls cine-
reis, costa exteriore diffuse fusca.

Ochromyia ferruginea, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1867. 414.

Female. Tawny, with slight cinereous bloom, paler beneath. Head
white about the eyes and in front, cinereous on the vertex. Palpi
pale. Antennae wanting. Abdomen broader but not longer than the
thorax, bluish purple towards the tip. Tibiae towards the tips and
tarsi black. Wings grey, diffusedly brown along the exterior part of
the costa ; prsebrachial vein forming a scarcely obtuse angle at its flex-
ure, beyond which it is slightly curved inward; discal transverse vein
curved towards the prsebrachial, parted by less than half its length
from the border, and by much less than its length from the flexure of
the prsebrachial. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 Unes.

53. MuscA INCONCLUSA, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, capite albido lateribus
ferrugineis, palpis antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace lineis tribus
indistinctis nigricantibus, abdomine elliptico subtessellato linea dorsali
tenui nigra, genubus rufescentibus, alis cinereis, alulis albis, halteribus
testaceis.

Male. Cinereous. Head whitish in front, somewhat ferruginous on
each side of the epistoma, which is prominent. Palpi and antennae
black ; the latter not reaching the epistoma ; arista plumose.' Thorax
with three indistinct blackish lines. Abdomen elliptical, not longer
than the thorax, slightly tessellated, with a slight black dorsal line.
Legs black; knees reddish. Wings grey; veins black, testaceous at
the base ; prtebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure,
beyond which it is hardly curved inward ; discal transverse vein hardly
vmdulating, parted by half its length from theborder, and by less than
its length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae white ; halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Subfam. Anthomyides, Walk.

Gren. Aricia, Macq.
64. Aricia significans, Walk. See vol. iii. p. 107.

Gen. Ophyea, Meig.

55. Ophyra RiPARiA. Mas. Nigra, nitens, capite antico albido gut-
tis duabus argenteis, antennarum articulo 3° lineari, abdomine nigri-
cante-aeneo, alis subcinereis.

Ophyra riparia, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Male. Black, shining. Head whitish in front, with a silvery white dot
above the antennae. Third joint of the antennae linear, more than
twice the length of the 2nd, not near reaching the epistoma ; arista

MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOYNA. 161

bare, stout at the base. Scutellum conical. Abdomen blackish
aeneous, a little shorter than the thorax. Wings greyish ; veins black,
cubital and prjebrachial veins diverging from the praebrachial trans-
verse to the discal transverse vein, parallel from thence till very near
the border, where they very slightly converge ; discal transverse vein
very slightly curved inward, parted by about half its length from the
border, and by very little less than its length from the prajbrachial
transverse vein. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

56. Ophyra reducta, n. s. Faem. Anthracina, puncto capitis albo,
palpis antennisque nigris, alis sublirapidis, venis nigris basi testaceis,
alulis cinereis testaceo marginatis.

Female. Coal-black, shining. Head with a white point above the an-
tennae. Palpi and antenna; black ; the latter nearly reaching the epi-
stoma ; arista bare. Wings nearly limpid ; veins black, mostly testa-
ceous at the base ; cubital and praebrachial veins as in the preceding
species ; discal transverse vein neai'ly straight and upright, parted by
much less than its length from the border, and by much more than its
length from the praebrachial transverse vein ; alulae cinereous, with
testaceous borders. Length of the body 2^ hues ; of the wings 5
lines.

Subfam. Lauxanides, Walk.

Gen. Lauxania, Latr.

57. Lauxania perplexa, n. s. Fcem, Anthracina, nitens, arista
subpubescente, abdomine ovato, alis sublimpidis, venis nigris basi
testaceis.

Female. Coal-black, shining. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae
black ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, reaching the epistoma,
four times the length of the 2nd ; arista very minutely pubescent.
Abdomen oval, very little longer than the thorax. Wings nearly limpid;
veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight,
u[)right, parted by nearly its length from the border, and by nearly
twice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body
2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Subfam. Ortalides, Holiday.

Gen. Lamprogaster, Macq.

58. Lamprogaster marginifera. Walk. See vol. iii. p. 111.
Acinia faciestriata, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1857. 41G.

Gen. ZYGiENULA, Dol.

Mas. Coipus latissimum, turaidum. Caput tliorace latius, genis valde
dilatatis. Antennae miniraae ; articulus 3"' conicus ; arista nuda.

1G2 Mil WALKEE ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Thorax trausversus. Abdomen coutractum, declive, thorace bievius.
Pedes breves, inermes. Alse mediocres ; alulae maximae.

Zygjenula, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Pterogenia, Bigot, MSS.

Male. Body verj- broad, somewhat tumid. Head extremely broad,
broader than the thorax ; genae or sides of the face excessively dilated.
Antennae verj' small ; 3rd joint conical, not extending beyond half the
length of the face ; arista simple. Thorax a little broader than long.
Abdomen contracted, curved downward, shorter than the thorax. Legs
short, unarmed. Wings moderately broad ; discal transverse vein
upright, slightly curved outward, parted by about one-fourth of its
length from the border, and by much less than its length from the
praebrachial transverse vein ; alulae very large.

59. Zyg^nula PARADOXA. Mas. Cyanescente nigra, capite antennis
pedibusque testaceis, abdomine cyaneo, alis sublimpidis basi fusces-
centibus, venis flavescente albis basi nigricantibus, halteribus albidis.

Zygaenula paradoxa, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Lamprogaster tetyroides, IValk. vol. iii. p. 112.

Male. Bluish black. Head, anteimae, and legs testaceous. Abdomen
blue. Wings nearly limpid, brownish towards the base ; veins yellow-
ish white, blackish towards the base. Halteres whitish. Length of
the body 2i lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Dacus, Fabr.

60. Dacus longivitta, Walk. See vol. iii. p. 115.

61. Dacus inscriptus, n. s. Fcem. Niger, capite fulvo macula elou-
gata nigricante, antennis fulvis, articulo 3° nigro basi fulvo, ai'ista
subpubescente, thorace subcinereo vitta dorsali strigisque duabus ob-
liquis fulvis, abdomine fusiformi basi vittaque dorsali fulvis, pedibus
fulvis, tibiis intermediis basi tibiisque posticis nigricantibus, alis cine-
reis angustis apice fuscis macula discali subapicali cinerea, gutta dis-
cali fusca, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Allied to D. bilineatus. Black. Head tawny, with an elon-
gate blackish spot above. Antennae tawny, almost reaching the epi~
stoma ; 3rd joint black, very elongate conical, tawny at the base ;
arista very minutely pubescent. Thorax slightly cinereous, with a
dorsal tawny stripe, and with two oblique tawny streaks on each ^ide.
Abdomen fusiform, as long as the thorax, tawny at the base, and with
a dorsal tawny stripe. Legs tawny, slender ; middle tibiae blackish
towards the base ; hind tibiae blackish. Wings grey, narrow, lurid
along most of the costa, brown towards the tips, near which there is a
a discal grey spot ; a brown dot on the pra;brachial transverse vein ;
discal transverse vein almost straight, upright, parted by one-fourth
of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from
the ])raebrachial transverse; halteres testaceous. Length of the body
5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Mil. WALKER ON DIPTEliA COLLECTED IN AMBOYNA. 163

62. Dacus sepsoides, n. s. Mas. iEneus, gracilis, capite piceo ni-
gro antice ferrugineo vitta albida, oculis albido marginatis, antennis
pallide fulvis, arista nuda, thorace vitta cinerea, abdomine cyaneo sub-
compresso basi viridi segmentis purpureo marginatis, pedibus nigris,
robustis, femoribus rufis, alis vix cinerascentibus macula apicali nigri-
cante, halteribus testaceis.

Male, ^neous, slender. Head piceous black above, ferruginous in
front, where there is a whitish stripe ; epistoma prominent. Eyes
bordered with whitish. Antennae pale tawny, nearly reaching the
epistoma ; 3rd joint very elongate-conical ; arista bare. Thorax with
a cinereous stripe ; pectus cinereous. Abdomen blue, somewhat com-
pressed, mostly green towards the base, a little longer and narrower
than the thorax ; hind borders of the segments purplish. Legs black,
stout ; femora red ; fore coxae with whitish pile. Wings hardly grey-
ish, with a blackish apical spot ; praebrachial vein curved towards the
cubital on approaching the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein
upright, nearly straight, parted by half its length from the border, and
by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ; hal-
teres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

63. Dacus signatipes, n.s. Mas. Cyanescente-niger, gracihs, linea-
ris, capite argenteo, antennis fulvis, arista nuda, abdomine cupreo-
nigro fusiformi, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque apice
nigris, tibiis posterioribus basi nigris, alis cinereis fascia lata postice
abbreviata maculaque magna apicali fuscis.

Male. Bluish black, slender, linear. Head silvery white about the
eyes. Antennae tawny ; arista bare. Abdomen cupreous black, fusi-
form, a little longer than the thorax. Legs tawny, slender ; femora
black towards the tips ; posterior tibiae black at the base ; hind tibiae
with black tips. Wings grey, with a brown band which does not ex-
tend to the hind border, and with a large apical brown spot ; veins
black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its
length from the border, and by about four times its length from the
praebrachial transverse ; ])ostbrachial vein very near the praebrachial.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Geu. Entcoptera. Macg.

64. Enicoptera RUFivEN-TRis, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, elongata, nitens,
capite punctis tribus nigris, antennarum articulo 3° longi-conico,
arista subpubescente, thorace nigro-aeneo, vitta dorsali humeris scu-
tellique lateribus fulvis, abdomine rufescente fulvo cylindrico, femori-
bus posterioribus nigro-spinosis, tibiis tarsisque anticis piceis, alis lon-
giusculis subfuscescentibus apud discum sublimpidis, fasciis duabus
fuscis incompletis diffusis fuscis, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Tawny, elongate, shining, almost without hairs and bristles.
Head nearly as broad as the thorax, with a black ])oint on the front
above the antennae, and with two black points on the epistoma, which

164 MK. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

is prominent. Antennae not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint very
elongate-conical ; arista very minutely pubescent. Thorax aeneous
black ; dorsal strijie, humeri, sides of the prominent scutellum, a band
on each side, and disk of the pectus tawny. Abdomen reddish
tawny, cylindrical, almost linear, much longer and narrower than the
thorax. Posterior femora with minute black spines beneath ; fore
tibiae and fore tarsi piceous. Wings rather long, slightly brownish,
almost limpid in most of the disk, with two incomplete and diffuse
brown bands ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; discal transverse
vein straight, upright, parted by about one-third of its length from
the border, and by more than its length from the praebrachial trans-
verse vein ; halteres testacous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the
wings 10 lines.

Gren. EioxA, Walk.

65. RioxA? BIMACULA.TA, n.s. Fwm. Fulva, eapite supra ochraceo,
antennis brevissimis, articulo 3o conico, arista plumosa, pectore ab-
domineque piceis, hoc maculis duabus basalibus fulvis, femoribus pos-
terioi'ibus nigris, femoribus anticis subtus setosis, tibiis posterioribus
piceis, alis nigricantibus longiusculis basi vitreis, guttis duabus dis-
calibus, maculis duabus trigonis costalibus maculisque duabus margi-
nalibus albis, halteribus albidis.

Female. TawTiy, with black bristles. Head ochraceous above, whitish
behind. Antennae very short ; 3rd joint conical, a little longer than
the 2nd ; arista plumose. Thorax with whitish pile on each side ; pec-
tus piceous. Abdomen piceous, elliptical, a little shorter than the
thorax, with a tawny spot on each side at the base. Posterior femora
black ; fore femora thickly setose beneath ; posterior tibiae mostly
piceous. "Wings blackish, rather long, vitreous at the base, with two
white dots in the disk, with two triangular white spots on the costa,
and with two more on the hind border ; discal transverse vein straight,
upright, parted by about half its length from the border, and by more
than its length from the praebrachial transverse; halteres whitish.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Tbypeta, Meiff.

66. Trypeta transiens, n. s. Nigra, eapite fulvo supra nigro, an-
tennis rufescentibus, articulo 3° longi-conico, arista pubescente, tho-
race vitta lateribusque cinereis, scutello, femoribus posterioribus apice
pedibusque anticis fulvis, alis subcinereis fasciis quatuor deviis fulvis
nigricante marginatis, l''(abbreviata) et 2* apud discum connexis, 2% 3%
et 4" apud costam connexis, 4" obliqua postice furcata, furca exteriore
apicali.

Black. Head tawny, black above, except in front and behind; face
piceous. Palpi and antennae reddish ; 3rd joint of the latter elongate-
conical, reaching the epistoma; arista pubescent. Thorax with a
cinereous stripe ; sides and pectus cinereous ; scutellum tawny; fore

MR. WALKEK ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA. 165

legs tawny ; posterior femora tawny towards their tips. Wings slightly
greyish, with four irregular blackish bordered tawny bands ; 1 st band
abbreviated hindward, joined in the disk to the 2nd; 2nd, 3rd and 4th
joined along the costa ; 4th oblique, forked hindward, the outer fork
occupying the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, upright,
parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
hardly more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse. Length
of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

67. Trypeta signifacies, n. s. Mas. Viridis, metallica, nitens, lati-
uscula, capite antico ocbraceo-albo facie brevi strigis duabus nigris, an-
tennis pallide testaceis, arista plumosa, abdomine nigro, pedibus testa-
ceis, femoribus nigricantibus, alis limpidis, fasciis quatuor nigricantibus,
1" et 2^ connexis, 3* et 4* apud costam connexis, 4" valde obliqua sub-
apicali ; striga nigricante inter 3^" et 4^™, halteribus albis.

Male. Metallic green, shining, rather broad. Head ochraceous, white
in front and about the eyes; face short, with two diverging black
streaks; epistoma prominent. Antennae pale testaceous, not near
reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint conical ; arista plumose. Abdomen
black, not longer than the thorax. Legs testaceous ; femora blackish.
Wings limpid, with four broad blackish bands; 1st and 2nd bands
connected, except near the costa, 3rd and 4th connected on the costa ;
4th very oblique, subapical, having a blackish streak between it and
the 3rd ; discal transverse vein straight, nearly upright, pai-ted by
much less than its length from the border, and by very much more
than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Ilalteres white.
Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Subfam. Sepsides, Walk.

Gen. Sepsis, Fabr.

68. Sepsis basifera. Walk. See vol. iii. p. 124.

Gen. Calobata, Fair.

69. Calobata impingens. Walk. See vol. iv. p. 16.
Micropeza albimana, Doll. MSS.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.

Gen. Micropeza, Macq.

70. Micropeza fragilis. Walk. See vol. i. p. 37-
Micropeza tenuis. Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1858.

Gen. Nerius, Wied.
7\. Nerius duplicatus, Wied. See vol. iii. p. 125.
Nerius striatus, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 1856.

16G

MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

72. Nerius tibialis, Dol. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 185/. p. 418. Nigri-
cans, subtus fulvus, palpis testaceis, antenuis fulvis basi nigricantibus,
arista alba, thorace vitta lata ferruginea, callis humeralibus maculisque
duabus posticis fulvis, pedibus anticis fulvis, femoribus tibiisque spi-
nosis, tibiis basi nigris apice dilatatis, tarsis nigris brevissimis, alis
nigricantibus.

Blackisb, tawny beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny, blackish
towards the base ; arista white. Thorax with a broad feiTuginous
middle stripe, with tawny humeral calli, and with a tawny spot on each
side hindward. Fore legs tawny, stout; femora and tibiae spinose
beneath ; knees black ; tibiae black towards the base, dilated towards
their tips, which are black ; tarsi black, very short. Wings blackish.
Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

The following list of Ambo^Tiese Diptera, characterized, together
with many Javanese species, by the late Dr. Doleschall (Nat. Tijd.
Nederlandsch Indie, 1856-58), will serve as a supplement to my
Catalogue. Should it appear that he and I have described the same
species as new, his names have the priority, and must be retained.

Fam. MYCETEPHILID^,
Kal.
Gen. SciAEA, 3Ieig.
1. femoralis.

Fam. CULICID.^, Hal.

Gen. Megarhina, Desv.
„ r amboinensis S •
L subulifera 5* •

Gen. CuLEX, Linn.

3. aureostriatus.

4. variegatus.

Fam. TIPULID^, Hal

Gen, LiMNOBiA, Mei^.

5. aurantiaca.

Gen. TiPULA, Linn.

6. praepotens, Wied.

Gen. Megistoceea, Wied.

7. atra.

Gen. Cylindrotoma, Meig.

8. ornatissima.

Fam. STEATIOMID^,

Lair.
Gen. Clitellaria, Ileig.
9. nigerrima.

G«n. Eudmeta, Wied.

10. marginata, Wied.

Gen. Wallacea, Dol.

11. argentea.

Gen. Odontomejia, Latr.

12. cinerea.

Gen. Sargtis, Fair.

13. rufus.

14. ferrugineus.

15. formicseformis.

Fam. XTLOPHAGID^,
Burm.

Gen. SuBULA, Meig.

16. flavipes.

17. vittata.

MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOYNA. 167

Fam. TABANID.^, Leach.
Geu. Tabanus, Zmjw.

18. furunculigenus.

19. cinnamomeus.

20. monoculus.

Gren. Chrtsops, Wied.

21. fasciatus, Wied.

Fam. ASILID^, Leach.
Gen. Dastpogon, Meiy.

22. lanatus.

Geu. XiPHOCERA.

23. rufi thorax.

Gen. Laphria, Meig.

24. cyanea, Macq.

25. pellucida.

26. Kubingii.

27. villipes.

28. dissimilis.

29. Bleckeri.

Gen. AsiLUS, Linn.

30. latro.

Gen. Ommatius, Wied.

31. fulvidus, JFiec?.

32. spathulatus.

33. minimus.

Gen. Leptogaster, 3Ieiff.

34. unicolor.

35. anuulipes.

36. moluccanus.

Gen. Damalina, JDol.

37. laticeps.

Gen. Damalis, Fahr.

38. erythrophthalmus.

Tarn. LEPTID^, Westiv.
Gen. Atherix, Meiy.

39. nigritarsis.

Pam. BOMBYLID^, Leach.
Gen. Anthrax, Fair.

40. ventrimacula.

41. flaviventris.

42. csenileopennis.
43 r argyropyga.

■ I semiscita, Walk.

44

Id

angustata.
legenera? W^att.

Fam. DOLICHOPID^,

Leach.
Gen. PsiLOPUS, Meig.

45. longicornis.

46. palmetorum.

Fam. STUPHIDtE.
Gen. ErMERUS, Meig.

47. argyropus.

48. bimaculatus.

Gen. Graptomtza, Wied.

49. milleporiformis.

Gen. Eeistalis, Latr.
60. maxima.

51. refulgens.

Gen. Helophilus, 3feiff.

52. pilipes.

Gen. Stritta, ^S*^. Fary.

53. amboinensis.

Gen. Dtdea, Macq.

54. Ellenriederi.

55. Macquarti.

56. diaphana.

Gen. PiPiA, Fall.

57. moerens.

Gen. Strphus, Fabr.

58. villosulus.

Gen. Baccha, Fabr.

59. vespseformis.

60. moluccana.

61. seinilimpida.

Fam. CONOPID^, Leach.

Gen. CoNOPS, Fabr-

62. bipartita.

168

MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN AMBOTNA.

Fam. MTJSCID^, Latr.

Gren. EcHiNOMTiA, Dum,

63. monticola.

Gen. iluRTGASTER, Macq.

64. setosa.

65. strigosa.

Gen. Senometopia, Macq.

66. sphingutn.

Geu. Masiceea, Macq.

67. aurifroDs.

Gen. Zambesa, Walk.

68. Walkeri.

Geu. Clytl4., Desv.

69. modesta.

70. nigroanalis.

Gen. Lydella, Macq.

71. unguiculata.

Gen. GoNiA, Meig.

72. exigua.

Geu. Spiroglossa, Dol.

73. ipus.

Gen. Prosena, St. Fare/.

74. moluccana.

Geu. EuTiLTA, Desv.

75. nigrocostalis.

Gen. Omalogaster, Macq.

76. rnfescens.

Gen. Sarcophaga, Meig.
y- J auvifrons

"-aiirata? Walk.

78. aliena. Walk.

79. frontalis.

Gen. Lucilia, Desv.

80. nosocomiorum.

81. azurea.

Gen. Pollenia, Desv.

82. flavicans.

Gen. Aricia, Macq.

83. quadripunctata.

84. graminicola.

Gen. Spilogaster, Desv.

85. pusilla.

Gen. HTDROTiEA, Desv.

86. bicolor.

Gen. Pachtcephala, Dol.

87. Mohnikei.

88. albifacies.

Gen. Tetanocera, Dum.

89. tripunctata.

Gen. Sapromtza, Fall.

90. punctigera.

Gen. Ortalis, Fall.

91. regularis.

92. flaviscutellata.

93. trifasciata.

Gen. Bactrocera, Gu6\
Strumeta, Walk.

94. conformis.

95. maculigera.

96. vespoides.

Gen. Themara, Walk.

97. ampla, Walk.

98. alboguttata.

99. nigropunctulata.

Gen. Herina, Desv.

100. chalybea.

101. limpidipinnis.

102. grandis.

103. nigrocostata.

Gen. Diopsis, Linn.

104. graminicola.

Gen. Neritis, Fabr.

105. annulipes.

Geu. Drosophila, Fall.

106. ananassae.

REV. B. T. Lowe's list of mo&adouian shells. 1G9

A List of tlie Shells observed or collected at Mogador and in its
immediate environs during a few days' visit to the place in April
1859 ; with notes and observations. By the Eev. E. T. Lowe,
M.A. Communicated by the Seceetart.

[Eead Februaiy 16, I860.]

[For introductoiy observations, see the Botanical section of the Society's
Joiimal for the present year (p. 26).]

The shells of Mogador will be more conveniently considered in
their two natural divisions of sea- and land-shells, separately.

More than one-half, i. e. 53 in 90, or very nearly tln-ee-fifths of the
whole number of marine Mollusks contained in the following list,
are found for the most part commonly in Britain ; and in fact nearly
all the more common sea-shells, thrown up most abundantly on
the extensive sandy beach of Mogador, are those of our own
British shores. Such are peculiarly, for example, PJiolas Bactylus,
L., P. Candida, L., Saxicava rugosa, Lam., 8olen SHiqua, L.,
TelUna tenuis, Da Costa, T. Fabula, Gron., T. solidula, Pult.,
Scrohicularia piperata, Grm., Donax anatinus, Lam., D. denticu-
latus, L., Liitraria oblonga, Chemn., Macfra stultorum (L.), 31.
suhtruncata, Da Costa, Tapes decussatus (L.), T. Fullastra (Mont.),
Venus siriatula, Don., Artemis lincta (Pult.), lAicinopsis undata
(Penn.), Cardium aculeatum, L., Lucina borealis (L.), Mytilus
edulis, L. var., Nucula Nucleus (L.) ?, Area harhata, L., Anomia
Ephippiwn, Jj., Patella atliletica,^e2m, P. pellucida,Jj., Fissnrella
reticulata (Don.), Trochus zizypliinus, L., T. granulatiis, Born,
T. u)7ibilicatus, Mont., T. lineatus (Da Costa), Turritella com-
Qnunis, Eisso, Scalaria clatliratula (Mont.), Natica nitida (Don.),
Jilurex Urinaceus, L., Purpura LapiUus (L.), Nassa reticidata (L.),
Cyproea europcea, 'Mont., Tornatella faseiata, Jjam. Of these the
greater portion have not been observed at all, and the rest only
rarely or accidentally occur in either the Canaries or Madeira ;
but in both these groups of islands an entirely diiferent set of
common species takes their place, presenting more affinity with
those of the Mediterranean.

This last fact is unfavourable to any hypothesis of a former con-
nexion of these islands with the neighbouring continent. Por it
cannot be explained by any supposed change or difference in the
structural nature of the coasts themselves, produced by, or subse-
quent to, their separation : the shores both of Porto Santo in the
Madeiran, and those of Grand Canary, Lanzarote, and Fuerte-
ventiu-a in the Canarian group, being at this moment precisely

LINN. PEOC. ZOOLOGY. 12

170 EEV. B. T. Lowe's list of shells

similar in their flat and sandy cliaracter to those of the opposite
continent at Mogador. In other words, there is no present differ-
ence in physical character between the shores of Mogador and
those of Porto Santo, Grand Canary, Lanzarote, and Fuerteven-
tura, corresponding with the marked discrepancy existing between
their more ordinary Molluscous inhabitants. Had such difference
prevailed now, it might have been supposed sufficient to account
for the difference in the shells, as the result of former changes,
by dislocation or disruption in the coasts themselves, causing
the disappearance from those islands of the Mogadorian-British
species.

Bearing in mind, therefore, that Mogador is fully 18-1- degrees
of latitude south of the nearest southern shores of England, and,
on the other hand, only about 400 English miles distant in a nearly
easterly direction from Madeira or Porto Santo, and not above 300
English miles in a north-easterly course from the precisely similar,
flat, sandy shores of Lanzarote and Euerteventura, whilst it is
removed only one, two, or three degrees of latitude from any one
of these*, it would seem that climatal differences exercise far less
influence than others of topographical or geographical configm*a-
tion on the diffusion of marine Mollusks, if the theory of their
progressive propagation be exclusively maintained. For, on that
hypothesis, it is evident that these common littoral MoUusks have
spread in this instance abundantly and for a vast extent from
north to south, in spite of difference of latitude, all down the west
coasts of Prance, Spain, and Portugal to Mogador, along the shores
of two continuous, or nearly continuous, continents ; whilst they
have not found their way westwardly across a comparatively
narrow oceanic space or deep-sea channel, from one of these to
places situate in very nearly the same parallel of latitude.

This continuation of North Eiiropean littoral species so far south
along the shores of Africa has, however, doubtless been assisted
by the prevalent strong northerly winds, sweeping down the coast
far below Mogador, and cooling down the surface-temperature of
the sea below its average shore-heat in the almost parallel latitudes
of the Canary Islands and Madeira. I regret not having leisure

* Porto Santo, lat. 33° 3' 30" N., long. 16° 20' 14" W. ; Madeira (Funchal),
lat. 32° 38' 22" N., long. 16° 54' 56" W., Vidal ; Mogador, lat. 31° 30' N.,
long. 9° 46' W. ; Lanzarote, lat. 29° 0' N., long. 13° 54' W. ; Fuerteventiira,
lat. 28° 3' N., long. 14° 31' W., Johnston. Lanzarote is from 70 to 75, and
Fuerteventura only about 50 English miles distant from the yiearest opposite
part of Africa.

OBSEBTED AT MOGADOE. 171

to investigate whether the set of tides or currents may or may not
have contributed to this result.

Next to this strong aifinity of the Mogadorian Molluscous
Fauna with that of the British shores, succeeds its relation (2ndly)
to that of the Canarian, (3rdly) to that of the Madeiran, and
(4thly) to that of Senegal. Having, for example, according to
the following very incomplete list, 26 species in common with
Britain alone, Mogador has about as many more in common with
Britain and the Canaries, the Madeiras and Senegal, in various
combinations. Again, it has 6 or 7 in common with the Canaries
alone, and from 33 to 37 more jointly with the same islands, with
the Madeiras, Senegal, and Britain, &c. &c. (see for the rest the
subjoined Table) ; offering thus on the whole, in 90 species, 53 in
common with the British seas, 39 to 44 with the Canarian, 27 with
the Madeii'an, and 17 with the coast of Senegal.

This latter number would at once be larger but for the difficulty
attending the exact identification of several of Adanson's Senegal
species. And doubtless further researches on the spot would add
to his list several Mogadorian shells, which, considering the pre-
sence of others on the shores of Senegal, have been very probably
overlooked or neglected by him. In the meantime it is most
interesting to find already, from the materials in hand, two or three
common English and Mogadorian shells, Scrohicularia piperata
(G-m.), Tapes Pullastra (Mont.), and perhaps also Mactra stul-
torum, L. (of which last, however, a single valve has been also
found by Mr. M'^ Andrew in Teneriffe), reaching down even to
Senegal, 15° below Mogador, and far within the tropics.

The authorities consulted for habitats in the following list are,
1st, Forbes and Hanley's ' British Mollusca ' (referred to as F. H.)
for British shells; 2ndly, D'Orbigny's very imperfect article
"Mollusques" in Webb and Berthelot's ' Histoire,' &c. vol. ii.
part 2 (referred to as "W. B.), with Mr. M«^ Andrew's far more
exact and copious list of marine Testaceous Mollusca collected
during a month passed in the Canary Islands in 1852, in his
' Essay on the Geographical Distribution of the Testaceous Mol-
lusca in the Nortli Atlantic and neighbouring Seas ' (Liverpool,
1854, Bvo), reprinted as an appendix to the British Museum's
* List of the Shells of the Canaries,' London, 1854 (quoted as
M'^Andr.) ; 3rdly, Adanson's ' Histoire ' for the shells of Senegal
(quoted as Adans.) ; and 4thly, for Madeira entirely, and for the
Canaries partly, my own observations and collections.

12*

172 EEv. R. T. Lowe's list of shells

List of Sea and Freshwater Shells observed at Mogador,
April 21st to April 2Sth, 1859*.

I. ACEPHALA (BiTALTEs).

All sea-shells, except Unionidce', the animals breathing water
by lamellate gills or branchiae.

1. Family Pholadid^. Hab.

Pholas Dactylus, L b

Candida, L b

2. Gastkoch^nid^.

Saxicava rugosa, ham b

Petricola lithophaga {Retz.) b

6. Venerirupis Irus (L.) bcm

3. Pakdoeid^.

Pandora rostrata, Lam be?

4. SOLENID^.

Solen Siliqua, L b

5. Tellinid^.

Psammobia vespertina (CAewin.) c

Tellina tenuis. Da Costa b

10- Fabula, Gron b

solidula, Pult b

carnaria, L Medit,, W. Indies

Scrobicularia piperata, Gm b s

6. DONACID^.

Donax anatinus. Lam be?

15. dentieulatus, L s

7. Macteid^.

Mactra subtruneata. Da Costa be?

stultorum, L be

— — rugosa, Chemn c

Lutraria oblonga (Chemn.) b

8. Venerid^.

20. Tapes decussatus (L.) b

Pullastra (Mont.) b s

Venus veiTueosa, L bcm

striatula, Don b

* I am indebted to the liberality of Mrs. Elton, Mrs. Grace, and Dr. Carleton,
at Mogador, for the gift of most of the following species, and for the opportunity
of recording others in their several collections of sea-shells on the spot.

OBSEEVED AT MOGADOR. 173

Hab.

Artemis lincta (Pult.) b

25. Lucinopsis undata (Penn.) b

9. CABDIIDiE.

Cardium aculeatum, L b

Cardita antiquata (L.) s

calyculata (L.) cm

10. LUCINID^.

Lucina borealis (L.) b m

30. leucoma, Turt be

11. UnioniDjE (Freshwater shells).

Unio hispanus, Moq.-Tand S. Spain

12. MTTILIDiE.

Mytilus edulis, L., var. Galloprovincialis b

13. Aecidjs.

Nucula Nucleus (L.) b

Area tetragona, Poli bem

35. barbata, L b

lactea, L be

antiquata, L e s

Pectunculus Glycimeris (L.) bem

14. OsTEEIDiE.

Lima hians {Gm.) bem

40. Pecten varius (L.) b m

Pusio (L.) • bem

Pes felis (-L.) cm

Anomia Ephippium, L b m

II. GASTEEOPODA (Unitalves, except CUtonidce).

A. Sea Shells, except 3felaniidce ; the animals breathing water
by means of gills, i. e. lamellar, pectinate, or plumose branchiae
(except Auriculidce) .

15. Patellid^. Hab.

Patella athletica. Bean b

45. rustica, h cm

pellucida, L., var. a,y b

Sipbonaria pectinata {L.) s

16. CALTPTE-ffilDiE.
Hipponyx subrufa [Lam.) W, Indies

174 EET. B. T. Lowe's list of shells

17. FlSSUEELLID^. Hab.

Fissurella reticulata (Don.) bcm

50, Nubecula (L.) Medit.

18, Haliotid^.

Haliotis tuberculata, L b c m s

19. Teochid^.

Solarium luteum. Lam. ? cm

Trochus zizyphinus, L bcm

granulatus. Born bcm

55. Eltoniae, Lowe Mogador

Magus, L b c s

carneus, Gm Mogador

umbilicatus, Mont., var. laetus b

sanguineus, L Medit.

60. lineatus {Da Costa) b

Phasianella PuUus, L be

20. TUEEITELLID^.

Turritella communis, Risso b

21. SOALAEIID^.

Scalaria pseudoscalaris, Brocchi c

clathratula (Mont.) be?

65. crenata (L.) c

22. Melaniid^ (Freshwater shells).

Melanopsis cai'iosa, L., var. a torulosa S. Spain

, var. ^ laevigata

23. Natioid^,

Natica maroccana {Chemn.) b

Sigaretus haliotoideus (L.) s

24. MXTEICID-Sl.

Murex Erinaeeus, L., var. torosus b m

70. Triton cutaceus {L.) c

nodiferus, Lam cm

Purpura LapUlus (L.) b

hsemastoma (L.) cms

Columbella rustica (L.) cms

75. conulus {Oliv.) cm

Mitra zebrina. Orb.* cm

Nassa reticulata (L.) be

*.'A name taken by D'Orbigny, without acknowledgment, from a MS. of the
present writer, by whom the species had been long previously discovered and
distinguished in Madeira.

OB3EBVED AT MOGADOE.

175

Nassa incrassata {MiiU.).

mutabilis (L.)

80. Bucciuum vittatum (L.).
Cassis SaburoUj Lam. . . .

Hab.

bcm

c?

s
s

25. CoNIDiE.

Conus mediterraneus, Brug., /3 franciscanus. . . .

26. VOLUTID^.
Cymbium rubiginosum (Swains.), a angulatum.

mcurvum

27. Cypb^ID^.

Cypraea Pyrum, Gm

S5. spurca, L

lurida, L

europaea, Mont

Marginella glabella (L.)

cm

cms

c s

b

c s

28. TOBNATELLID^.
Tornatella fasciata. Lam b"

29. AUEICULID^.
(Mostly Sea-shore or Salt-marsh Mollusks, but air-breathing and
allied to LimncEidce.)
90. Melampus eequalis, Lowe, var. a cm

Tabular View of proportionate Distrihution of the precedinff Species
between Mogador and Britain (b), the Canaries (c), the
Madeiras (lu), Senegal (s), Sfc.

Britain.

The Canaries.

The Madeiras.

Senegal.

b 26

be 5+4?

bcm 10

b c m s . . 1
bcs .... 1

bm 4

b ms .. . . 0
bs 2

c 6+1?

eb 5+4?

cbm ....10
eb m s . . 1
c bs .... 1

cm 9

cms .... 3
cs 4

m 0

mb 4

mbc 10

m be s .... 1

m b s 0

mc 9

mc s 3

ms 0

s 6

sb 2

sbc 1

sb cm .... 1

s b m 0

s m 0

smc 3

sc 4

49+4?

39 + 5?

27

17

These, with three Mediterranean species, one West Indian, two

17G EEV. B. T. Lowe's list of shells

(freshwater) South of Spain, and two {Trochus Ultonice and T.
carncus) Mogadorian, make up the whole number, ninety.

Notes on the pi'ecedmg List.

No. 13. La Calcinelle, Adans. 232, t. 17. f. 18; Lutraria pipe-
rata, Lam.

14. Donax anatinus, Lam. — Precisely identical with the common
British species, the hinge having one lateral tooth in the left valve,
locking between two in the right, close to the end of the nymphas
on the short posterior side, exactly as in English specimens. The
true I), trunculus, L., is at once distinguished by the absence of
these lateral teeth.

21. Tapes Fullastra (Mont.), F. H. ii. 382, t. 25. f. 2, 3 ; Le
Lunot, Adans. 227, 1. 17. f. 11.

22. This Venus may just possibly prove to be the true Mediter-
ranean V. gallina, L., for I examined it only cursorily, and
unfortunately neglected to bring away specimens. It seemed to
be abundant.

31. JJnio hisjHinus, Moq.-Taud. Eossm. Ic. xii. 26, t. 56. f. 747. —
SheU ly- 2 inches long, 10-12 lines deep, light and thin, plain
yellow-brown, without rays. Eiver at Mogador, and frequently
found dead on the beach, having been brought down by floods
into the sea. Except in being without coloured rays, it agrees
exactly with the Spanish shell above referred to from the Guadal-
quivir. It approaches IT. hatavus, Nilss. ; but besides several
other points of difference, less striking though important in their
aggregate, it has the anterior end longer or more produced pro-
portionally, and the beaks or umbones consequently less ex-
centric.

32. This is the var. figured in F. H. t. 48. f. 1 ; Hani. Conch.
Linn. t. 2. f. 4 ; Phil. i. t. 5. f. 12, 13.

43. Two varieties, viz., the Anomia Cepa and A. electrica of
Linnaeus.

45. Patella rustica, L., Dillw. = P. lusitanica, Gm., Phil. i. 110.
=P. punctata, Lam. vi. 1. 333 ; Payr. Catal. 88, t. 3. f. 6, 7 = P.

guttata, D'Orb. in W. B, Hist. Can. ii. 2. 98, t. vii. B. f. 13-15.
Martini's t. 5. f. 35, 36, well represents old worn sliells of this most
common and abundant Madeiran and Canarian Limpet.

46. Patella pellucida, L., var. a. — Shell (being adult) more
depressed, with the vertex lower or nearer the margin, and also
somewhat stronger and larger, tlian in most Britisli specimens of

OBSERVED AT MOGADOE. 177

a (as figured e. g. in Sowerb. Conch. Man. f. 230) ; the blue rays
indistinct. Well represented in Y. H. Brit. Moll. t. 61. f. 3.
Transitional between a and /(3 (P. Icevis, Penn.). Length 8^-9,
breadth 6-6^ liues.

Var. y, compressa, Lowe. — Shape and habit exactly of P. covi-
pressa, L. Vertex much further from the anterior margin than in a.
Shell strong, yet subpellucid, oblong, compressed, and deeper at
the sides than at each end, so that when placed on a flat surface it
rises or gapes considerably at each end, instead of lying flat, or
nearly so, as in a above described. One specimen, of a darker
coffee colour than the others, is distinctly radiated with blue dots
from the vertex. Length 10-14, breadth 7-8 lines.

This seems to have much the same sort of relation to the Mogado-
rian P. pellucida, L., a, that P. pellucida, (3 (P. Icevis, Perm. ed. 1.
t. 90, lowest fig.), has to the English P. pellucida, L. The differ-
ences appear in both cases to be due only to age or position. P. pel-
lucida, y, having the sides deeper, from its station probably on
some stalk or cylindric surface.

47. SipJionaria pectinata (L.), Patella pectinata, Linn., ed. 12,
1259 ; Hanley, Conch. Linn. 423, t. 4. f. 12 (not Born, Lam., &c.) ;
Lepas exigua qfricana, Mart. i. Ill, t. 7. f. 58, 59 ; Le Mouref,
Adaus. 84, t. 2. f. 5.

My Mogadorian examjjles agree better with Adanson's than with
Hanley's figure. One of the two largest of them is 13 luies long
and 9^ broad ; the other 16 lines long and 12 broad. They are all
of a regular oval or oblong-oval shape, with the margin very even and
entire ; differing strikingly in this respect from 8. concinna, Sowerb.
Gen. f. 2, in which the margin is distinctly toothed or crenate.

48. Hipponyx suhnifa, Sowerb. in Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 5 ;
Pileopsis suhrufa. Lam. ed. L vi. 2. p. 18 ; Lepas conica riifcscens,
Martini, i. 146, 1. 12. f. 113.

49. Fissurella reticulata (Don.), F. H. ii. 469, t. 63. f.4, 5=P.
grceca, Phil. i. 116 (not Linn. ov\j^vi\?^^P.europ(£a, Sowerb. Conch.
111. {Fissurella) 5. f. 43. — Shell strong, oblong, \\ith from fifty -five
to fifty longitudinal or radiating ribs, alternately large and small,
crossed at regular and equal distances by fourteen or fifteen con-
centric ribs, forming a regular and even network.

50. Fissurella nubecula (Jj.) = F. rosea. Lam., Sowerb. = P. wm«-
hosa, Phil. i. 117 (not Linn.).

52. Solarium luteum, Lam. ? Phil. i. 174, t. x. f. 27 ; Troclius
hyhridus, var., Chemn. v. L33, t. 173, f. 1704, 1705 (with reference
to Geve, t. 25. f. 24 a, b). Except the words " ad periphcriam bi-

178 KEY. K. T. Lowe's list or shells

sulcata" instead of hicingulata, aud tlie habitat "la Nouvelle-
Hollande, M. MacLeay," Lamarck's diagnosis and description
(Hist. ed. 2. ix. 100) seem to denote this Mediterranean and
Canarian (Lanzarote, McAndr.) species; though Philippi's query
to this reference must be retained till the above discrepancies can
be accoTinted for. The smaller size and umbilicus distinguish at
once the species from S. hylridum (L.), Chemn. v. 132, t. 173.
f. 1702, 1703 ; though, from its Mediterranean habitat, as
Mr. Hanley suggests, it may very possibly have been the shell
primarily intended by Linnaeus (Syst. ed. 12. 1228) for his Tro-
clms hyhridus rather than that of the " Museum Ulricse."

55. Trochus Eltonice, Lowe.

T. testa parvula conica perforata laevi strigis lineolisve purpureo-fuscis
rubrisve obliquis eleganter picta, apice livido-cserulescente ; aiifractibus
planatis obsolete spiraliter costulatis v. sulcatis, ultimo ad carinam
subcingulato subtus planato ; striis earumque interstitiis Isevigatis ;
sutura simplice ; perforatione parva aperta distincta cylindrica ; aper-
tura depresso-rotundata ad basin columellse rectse subangulata.

Diam. maj. 3-4 lin., min. 2|-3|; alt. 3-4. Anfr. 5-6.

An T. variegatus, Chemn. v. 104. t. 171. f. 1661, 1662?

Like T. exiguus, Pult., or a miniature T. zizipTiinus, L., but
with a distinct though small umbilicus. Shell very strong, simply
and exactly conical, as high as broad, very smooth and shining,
marbled or mottled with oblique wavy slaty-brown lines, or rose-
red streaks, uniting at the sutures into larger distinct equidistant
spots or patches on a yellowish-white ground ; the apex dusky-
livid. Volutions flat, with the suture simple, spirally ribbed or
grooved, the ribs and their interstices quite smooth and even, not
granulated or striated obliquely as in T. exiguus, Pult., or T. stri-
atus, L. ; the last volution entirely, and the others partially, some-
what indistinctly cingulate, or belted with a slightly raised, smooth,
tumid girdle at the lower angle. Base flat, with a small round
open perforation like a pin-hole. Aperture round, a little angular
only at the base of the straight oblique pillar.

Except the synonym of Chemnitz (which is doubtful, no less
from the imperfection of his figiures and description than from the
habitat, " Cape of Grood Hope," attributed to his species), I can
find no notice or description at all applicable to this well-marked,
pretty little Troclms. It is therefore named to record the assi-
duity and liberality of a very zealous and discriminating shell-
collector (Mrs. Elton), the lady of the British Vice-consul at
Mogador, to whose kindness I am indebted for the acquisition of

OBSEEVED AT MOGADOR. 179

two specimens of the px'esent shell amongst many other interesting
species.

57. Trochus carneus, Gm., DiUw. ; Globulus indusii, Chemn. v.
116, 1. 171. f. 1682.

T. testa granulata solida crassa orbiculato-depressa aperte perspective
et profunde umbilicata cinereo-carnea v. rosea, apice valde obtuso ;
anfractibus planis, ultimo carinato, omnibus arete et sequaliter granu-
lato-striatis, granularum serie suprema ad suturam pauUo majore;
umbilico mediocri cylindrico simplice nee granulato nee dentato, iutus
canaliculato ; apertura depresso-orbiculata edentula simplice.

Diam. maj. 6-8 lin., min. 5-7 ; alt. 3-6, Anfr. 5-6.

The specimens being dead, and more or less bleached, are of a
uniform pale rose-red or pinky flesh-colour, with one exception,
which is pale cinereous or greyish-slate tinged with pink or rose.

Le Vasset, Adans. 1. 12, might be mistaken for a rude figiu-e of
this species, but it certainly represents a young shell of T. Pha-
raonis, L.

58, Trochios wnbilicatus, Mont., var. Icetus. Smaller, with a much
smaller umbilicus and somewhat more elevated spire than is usual
in British examples ; approaching the Herm Island var. mentioned
in r. H. Brit. Moll. ii. 521, but always with a distinct, though
often quite minute perforation. The colours are remarkably
bright, distinct, and lively.

59, Trochus sanguineus (L.), Phil, i, 179 ; Turbo sanguineus,
Linn, Syst. ed. 12. 1235, Desh, in Lam, ed. 2. ix, 225 ; Turbo pur-
pureus, Eisso, Hist, Nat. iv, 116, f. 48 ; Globulus roseus, Chemn. v.
113, 1. 174, f, 1675, — Shell more depressed than in Chemnitz's or
E-isso's figures, and, except in the fewer stronger grooves and
imiformity of colour, strongly resembling small states of Tr. wn-
bilicatus, Mont.

60. Trochus lineatus (Da Costa), F. H, ii. 525, t. 65. f, 4, 5 {T
crassus) ; T crassus, Pult., Mont., Maton and Back., Turt., Flem,,
DLUw., &c. ; Turbo lineatus, Da Costa, Donov. ; Monodonta lugu-
bris, Lam. ed. 2. ix, 180. — The Mogadorian shell is neither the
Madeiran nor Canarian, but precisely the English form or species.

Trochus lineatus, Da Costa= (sec. F. H.) T. cinerarius, L, ; and
Trochus lineatus. Lam, ed, 2. ix, 141=again another very dif-
ferent Australian species.

Though ranging all along the west coasts of the Peninsula
down to Mogador, this common British form or species does not
seem to enter the Mediterranean ; and it certainly does not occur
in either the Canaries or Madeira. It has apparently a predilec-

180 EEY. E. T. Lowe's list or shells

tion for a western aspect, being found in Britain cliiefly on the
west or soutli-west coasts.

65. Scalana erenata, Desh. in Lam. ed. 2. ix. 76 ; Turbo cre-
natm, Linu.Syst.ed.l2. 1238 ; Chemn.xi.l56, t.l95A.f 1880, 1881.

66. Melanopsis cariosa (L.).

M. testa ovata v. ovato-oblonga subturrita ssepe longitudinaliter costata et
1-2-seriatiTn nodulosa, costis nodulisque ssepe obsoletis evanidis, oliva-
cea V. castanea nigricans ; spira breviuscula apice acuto ssepe eroso-trun-
cato decoUata ; anfr. planatis subconfluentibus, ultimo supra medium
cingulatim constricto-impresso v. subcanaliculato, sutm-a simplicissima
planata exoleta ; anfr. ultimo testse integrse (nee decollatse) dimidium
sequante v. superante ; apertura sursum angustissime producta arete
contracta acuminata.

a. torulosa ; plus minus longitudinaliter costata, costis infra suturam ob-
solete noduliferis, nodulis 1- v. 2-seriatis.

M. cariosa, Desh. in Lam. ed. 2. viii. 494; Rossm. Ic. ix. x. 42. " M.
costellata, Fe'r." (Desh.).

1. Subvar. minor; testa parvula crassiuscula nigricante obsolete 14-16-
costulata apice plerumque eroso-decollata.

Long. 4-6 V. 8 lin., apert. 3-4 ^ ; lat. 2-3^.

Murex cariosus, Linn. ! Syst. ed. 12. 1220; Hanley! Couch. Linn. 298.
t. ii. f. 6 (sutura nimis impressa). Melanopsis cariosa, Rossm. ix. x.
42. t. 50. f. 680 (spira carioso-decoUata) et xiv. 33. t. 68. f. 846 (spira
completa)=M. sevillensis, Gratel. in Graells, Catal. p. 17.

Swarming in the spring at the Emperor's Garden up the river
near Mogador, crawling on the sandy mud at the bottom, and
chistering on sticks and stones in the water. Animal black.
Sliell dark olive-brown or black, with chalky-white eroded patches,
and the apex almost always much eroded and abruptly truncate,
leaving only about three volutions, which are somewhat faintly
ribbed longitudinally, the ribs always more or less irregular, and
often evanescent on the last volution, the shell blending gradually
into /3 1 in this respect, as with regard to size it passes into /3 2.
Sometimes the ribs form one or two indistinct rows of faint no-
dules, one above, the other below the single infra-sutural depressed
belt. Suture always flattened, plain, and indistinct or simple.

2. Subvar. major ; testa majore tenuiore pallidiore saepius turrita, spira
productiore acuta distinctius 12-20-costata.

Long. 6-15 lin., apert. v. anfr. l""' 4-7^ v. 8 ; lat. 3-6.

Var. major, Desh. I. c. ; Chemn. xi. 285. t. 210. ff. 2082, 2083, hue

potius quara ad M. costatam (Oliv.) referendae.
«. Short ovate ; ribs strong, remote, regular, 12-15.
h. Turreted-elongate ; ribs more irregular and crowded, 16-20.

OBSEEVED AT MOGADOE. 181

Principally ia the river itself, but also in the spring at the Em-
peror's Garden with subvar. 1, abundant. Often carried down by
floods, and picked up pale and bleached on the sandy beach between
Mogador and the mouth of the river. Shell sometimes short and
ovate, but more frequently turreted acuminate, thinner in sub-
stance and lighter or paler coloured than subvar. 1, usually pale
horn or yellowish, with darker fulvous longitudinal wavy streaks
or lines, and more or less pellucid ; often bleaching to a pale-straw
colour, and acquiring a bright varnish-like polish, but scarcely
becoming thickened or opake. In sculpture it is no less variable
than in shape ; the ribs and nodules being sometimes strong and
regular, sometimes present on a part only of the volutions, and
sometimes barely indicated, and so gradually passing into j3 2, and
doubtless constituting, in such extreme state, f. 2078, 2079 of
Chemnitz's Buccina Maroccana, xi. 285, t. 210. ff. 2078-2083 ;
whilst certainly, considering their Moroccan origin, his ff. 2082,
2083 are more safely to be referred to the strongly -ribbed state of
this shell than to the oriental Melanopsis costata (Oliv.) (Lam.
ed. 2. viii. 489 ; Sowerb. Gen. f. 3, and Conch. Man. f. 315 ; Eossm.
ix. X. 41. t.50. fl". 678, 679), which may be really distinct, having
the suture deeply and strongly marked or impressed, and not as
in the present species, in both its varieties and all its Mogadorian
forms, flattened and obsolete.

The shorter ovate forms of this subvariety are more strongly,
remotely, and regularly ribbed than the more turreted and elon-
gate ; the former having only 12-15, the latter about 20 ribs on
the last volution.

^. laevigata ; costis nodulisque evanescentibus obsoletis.

1. Subvar. mmor, testa parvula crassiuscula nigricante, apice plerumque
eroso-decoUata.

Long. 3-6 v. 8 lin., apert. 2^4| ; Lit. 2-3i.

Spring in the Emperor's Garden up the river at Mogador, inter-
mixed in about equal abundance with a 1, into which it passes by
imperceptible gradations.

2. Subvar. major ; testa majore paUidiore nunc ovata nunc tunita, spira
ssepius acuta.

a. Forma ovata, testa tenuiore.

Long. 9-10 lin., apert. v. anfr. l-"' 6-0^ ; lat. 4J-4|-

Melanopsis laevigata, Lam. ed. 2. viii. 490 ; M. buccinoidea, Fer. (recent),
et M.fusiformis (fossil), Sowerb. Gen. ff . 2, 5 ; Buceinum prcerosum,
Chemn. ix. ii. 40. t. 120. ff. 1035, 1036 (not Linn.), apice eroso-dceol-
lato; Melanopsis prarosa, Rossm. Ic. ix. x. 41. ff. 676, 677-

182 REV. R. T. Lowe's list of shells

Somewhat resembling a lAmncea palustris (MiilL), or a L.

peregra, Drap. Shell thin ovate, with a nearly perfect pointed

apex, of a plain olive-brown, pale at the suture, or uniform black.

Five examples only. Spring or river at the Emperor's Garden.

b. Forma turrita ; testa crassiore solidiuscula, anfr. ultimo spiram sub-

aequante.
Long. 7-16 lin.,anfr. l"'4-8; lat. 3-7.

Melanopsis Dufourei, " Fer.," Lam. ed. 2. viii. 493; Graells, Catal. 17.
flf. 20-22 ; Rossm. xiv. 28. t. 68. if. 836-840*. Bucoinum Maroccanum,
Chemn. xi. 285. t. 210. fF. 2078, 2079 (test* majores decorticatse,
ideoque, ut rarius inveniuatm', fasciatse).

Found with /3 1 in the spring or river, but comparatively rare.

Nothing can be more variable than the individuals of the present
species, as thus constituted, in size, colour, shape, and sculpture ;
and only the possession of large suites of examples could warrant
the fusion into one of forms which, if judged only by detached or
isolated instances, might well be considered as so many distinct
species. In size it varies from 3 or 4 to 12 or 15 lines long ; in
colour, from deep uniform brown or black (the prevalent hue in
small examples) to pale straw or bluish-white, irregularly streaked
longitudinally vdth brown or fulvous lines ; the shape passes by
degrees from shortly ovate to turreted-elongate, from broad to
narrow-oblong, and from a blunt or decollated to an acuminate
finely pointed apex. The ribs vary in number from 12 to 20,
sometimes covering the whole shell, sometimes confined to the two
or three apical volutions, and passing gradually through every inter-
mediate stage of prevalence or strength into absolute evanescence.
And all these characters are so variously blended and combined,
that not any one of them can be selected as more regularly typical
or predominant, or less liable to change and alteration, than
another ; i. e., you have ribbed and even both small and large,
black and pale, short and elongate, blunt and pointed, strong and
thin ; or, again, ovate and elongate both small and large, black and
pale, ribbed and even, thick and thin, blunt and finely pointed,
&c. &e., in every variety of combination. It is merely, therefore, to
simplify the synonymy, by an arrangement in accordance with the
two pseudo-species of Lamarck and Ferussac, that the seulptiu-e is
here taken as of primary importance in the grouping of these forms.

* His f. 835, considered (p. 30) as the typical form of M. Dufourei, Per.,
belongs i-ather to the var. Graellsii, p. 31, ff. 841-843 and 844 ? (M. Graellsii,
Villa, Gi'aeUs, Catal. 17. if. 16-19), characterized by the tzvo depressed belts of
the last volntion. This form or var. did not occm" at Mogador.

OBSEEVED AT MOGADOK. 183

An attentive study of all these shells together toith their animals
and hahits in their native haimts, may possibly lead to a diiferent
conclusion. But my present impression, from a long and careful
scrutiny of nearly 200 Mogadorian examples of the shells alone, is,
that they are all merely varieties or forms of a single highly poly-
morphous species.

The streaky longitudinal, instead of spiral, arrangement of the
coloured markings, when any are discernible, seems to be charac-
teristic. Only in one example of (3, 2 b, exhibiting a near approach
to Chemnitz's figures 2078, 2079, do the colours assume a fasciated
disposition, forming a tolerably distinct bluish band along the
infra-sutural depression, with two or three more indistinct subcon-
fluent brown bands below. This singular example bears, indeed,
a most marvellous resemblance, both in shape and colour, to
J3iiccinum vittatum, L., for which, on a cursory glance, it might
easily be mistaken.

All these shells are apt to be coated with a thick greenish in-
crustation.

Melanopsis prwrosa (lJ).=^Buccinum prcerosum, Linn. Syst. ed.
]2. 1203, originally found along with M. cariosa, a 1 supra, by
Alstromer in the aqueduct at Seville, figured in Hanley, Conch.
Linn. t. ii. f. 5, from an authentic specimen, and by Chemn. xi.
285, t. 210. f. 2080, 2081, from examples collected in stagnant
pools and streams in Morocco, should be searched for at Mogador.
It is distinguished from M. cariosa, /3 2 {Mel. hticcinoidea, Per.,
laevigata, Lam.), by the volutions being tabellated or retuse at the
top next the suture (" anfractibus supra planis," Chemn. I. c.), each
thus appearing partly sunk or immersed (intrusus) in the lower
one preceding.

I forbear recording as a Mogadorian species from a single worn
and bleached example from Mrs. Elton's collection a shell which,
though in shape and general aspect much resembling some narrow
elongated forms of 31. cariosa, /3 2J, yet dififers specifically in the
apertiire being simply ovate or acute at top, not acuminate or
produced into a sort of constricted narrow channel ; and in its
coloration, which consists of fine close-set regularly equidistant
spiral brown or chestnut lines or strise, instead of longitudinal
irregular streaks, interrupted in the specimen, owing to its worn
condition, on a polished ivory-wliite or yellowish-white ground.
It appears to be a dead and thickened worn example of the W.
Indian (Jamaican) Melanopsis lineolata (Gray) ; and it may there-
fore be suspected to have become mixed up accidentally with

184 KEY. E. T. Lowe's list of shells

Mrs. Elton's Mogadorian shells, amongst which I certainly oh-
served a few undoubtedly "W. Indian and other foreign species.
Its length is 12, breadth 4, and length of apert. 5-^ lines.

67. Nerita Maroccana, Chemn. v. 270, t. 188. flf. 1905-1908 ;
Natica marocMensis, Lam. ed. 2. viii. 642 ; N. intermedia, Phil. i.
163 ; N. nitida (Don.), F. H. iii. 330, t. 100. ff. 2^.

68. Sigaretus haliotoideus (L.), Lam. ed. 2. ix. 9; Helix lialio-
toidea, Linn. Syst. ed. 12. 1250 ; Hanley, Conch. Linn. 390. t. iv.
f. 7 ; Catinus lactis (white and flat var.), Mart. i. 196, 1. 16. f. 152 ;
Sigaretus Leacliii, Sowerb. Gren. f. 3 (not S. haliotoideus, f. 2, which
= , according to Hanley, Helix neritoidea, Linn., and also = , ac-
cording to Deshayes, ;S^. concavus, Lam., not Sowerb. I. c. f. 1,
which=, according to Deshayes, S. Grayi, Desh. in Lam. ed. 2.
ix. 12). — Le Sigaret, Adans. 24. t. 2. f. 2, appears by the figure to
belong rather to 8. neritoideus (L.) (S. haliotoideus, Sowerb.), than
to S. haliotoideus (L.) (^S*. Leacliii, Sowerb.), to which it has been
usually referred.

My two Mogadorian examples of this shell, 12 and 15 lines long,
agree rather more closely, in the smaller proportionate length (5 and
Q^ lines) of the space occupied by the spire, with Sowerby's fig. 3
of his S. Leachii than with Hanley's fig. 7 (from the types) of 8.
haliotoideus (L.), in which the same spaces are respectively 5^ and
6^ lines, the whole length being 14 lines in each ; though, strictly
speaking, they are intermediate in this respect between the two.
But such slight discrepancies can scarcely be held to indicate more
than local, or possibly mere sexual differences.

In a suite of twelve examples of this species from the coast of
South Carolina over against Charleston, the spire occupies a length
of 4 to 5^ lines, the whole length being in the smallest of these
examples 10, and in the largest 16 lines. In a thirteenth, from
the same locality, 15 lines long, and rather broader and more
convex than the rest, the spire is 7 lines long, which is almost
exactly the proportion in Hanley's fig. 7. t. 4, with which it also
agrees in the greater width of the penultimate volution. I believe
this to be the shell of a female individual, and that all the other
twelve examples, with the rather smaller spire and more flattened
or less concave shell, have probably belonged to males.

69. This is Ilurex torosus. Lam. ed. 1. vii. 174, ed. 2. ix. 598 ;
Sowerb. Conch. lU. f. 39.

Martini's two upper figures 1026, 1027 of his Vurpura sealata,
iii. 345. t. 110. flf. 1026-1028, referred by Lamarck to his M. EH-
nacetis, whicli is the ordinary foliated var. of British autliors.

OBSERVED AT MOGADOE. 185

admirably represent the present singular variety of the same
species.

72. Purpura Lapillus (L.), Buccinum Lapillus, Linn. ; Le Sadot,
Adans. 106. t. 7. f. 4.

Although this very common British shell is thus figured and
described by Adanson amongst his shells of Senegal, he docs not
seem to have really found it on that coast, since, contrary to his
usual practice, he omits any precise specification of an actual
Senegal locality. The habitats he mentions are Port de 1' Orient
(in France), the island of Teneriffe in the Canaries, and that of
Payal in the A9ores ; and though the two latter habitats are cer-
tainly extremely doubtful (indeed in Tenerifie it may almost safely
be affirmed that the shell does not occur), yet his enumeration of
theni in the absence of his usual precise indication of any Senegal
locality is adverse to the notion of its having any better claim than
the Tenerifie Helix, Le Fouchet, to a place amongst his Senegal
shells.

The abimdant occurrence, however, of a dwarf state or var. of
this shell at Mogador renders it not at all improbable that it may
be also found still further down the coast, and therefore possibly
in Senegal. Fresh observations to decide this point would there-
fore be extremely interesting.

74. I cannot agree with Mr. Hanley (Conch. Linn. 221) in dis-
missing Adanson's Siger, 135. t. 9. f. 28, from the synonyms of C.
rustica (L.). On the contrary, Adanson's expression, "sillons
presque imperceptibles," appears to agree no less precisely with
the qualified term " Iseviuscula " of the Linnean diagnosis than
with the common Mediterranean, Madeiran, and Canarian shell
itself, as contrasted with the strongly-grooved C. mercatoria (L.),
or Le Staron, Adans. 137. t. 9. f. 29, figured immediately above
Le Siger, on the same plate.

75. Columbella conulus (Oliv.). Buccinum comiculatum, Lam.
ed. 2. ix. 175. B. Unncei, Payr. Catal. 161. t. 8. ff". 10-12 ; Phil.
1. 225 (var. a). B. canariense, D'Orb. in W. B. ii. 2. 90. t. 6.
fi". 35-37. Length of specimens not exceeding 5 lines. — Differs
from C. Broderippii, Sowerb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. (1844) p. 53, in the
flat (not " subventricose ") volutions, and in the inside of the outer
lip being 4-6 or 7, instead of 2-3-toothed.

78. Nassa incrassata (MiilL), F. and H. iii. 391. 1. 108. f. 3, 4.
BuccirMin macula, Mont., Payr. Catal. 157. t. 7. f. 14. B. Asca-
nias, Lam. ed. 2. x. 173. B. asperuhm, Phil. i. 220. B. Lace-
pedii, Payr. Catal. 161. t. 8. f. 13, 14.

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 13

18G EEV. E. T. Lowe's list of suells

80. Bucointcm vittatvm, 1j.= Tereh-a vittata, Lam.

82. This is Conns franciscanus, Brug., which, according to Des-
bayes (Lam. ed. 2. xi. 81)= a worn G. mediterraneus.

83. Cymlium rii,higinosum (Swains.). Mainly characterized as
a species by its strong, solid, substantial thickish shell, oblong
shape, narrow sutural channel, rich chestnut or tawny-brown
glaze, and distinct well-marked or developed inner lip. There are
two tolerably permanent and distinguishable forms or varieties,
viz. a, angulata, with the shoulder angular or slightly pointed,
and /3, incurva, with the shoulder rounded and incurved. Of
these, a includes the shell originally figured by Swainson in his
' Exotic Conchology,' under the name of Valuta ruliginosa, and
those delineated and described by Sowerby under that of Cymba
onibiginosa. The only representations 1 can safely quote of /3 are
Buonan. 3. f. 2, and Adanson's Fhilin, t. 3. f. 2.

Mogador has furnished a single small adult example of each of
these two forms. That of a is, however, so aberrant, that it was
pronounced by one of oixr most experienced practical concholo-
gists to be new and undescribed. It will be advisable, therefore,
to enter into some detail with regard to both varieties, first laying
down the normal characters and synonyms of each.

a. angulata ; shoulder or top of outer lip angular or a Little
pointed, not inflexed ; sutural groove sometimes a little broad and
open, with the edge erect or subreflexed, and rising mostly above
the mammillary cone or spire ; shape occasionally slightly ventri-
cose, with the aperture subeffuse and outer lip expanded and sub-
arcuated downwards. — Cyinba ruhiginosa, Sowerb. sp. Conch. 6.
ff. 7 a, 1), c, d. Voluta ruhiginosa, Swains. Exot. Conch. ; Martini,
t. 70, f. 765.

Of these representations, Sowerby' s if. 7 e, d, approach nearest
towards a correct delineation of my single Mogadorian example ;
Swainson' s figure, like some of the others, differing in the more
produced spire with its apex rising considerably above the edges
of the sutural groove ; and all being of a more regularly oblong
shape, with the outer lip straight, and aperture not at all efi'use.
The Mogadorian shell is moreover only 4 inches long and 2 inches
3 lines -R-ide, thus being little more than half the size of Sowerby's
ff. 7 c,d; and tliough the aperture is even more efi'use and the outer
lip more expanded than in these figures, and the spire or mammillary
cone as much sunk or concealed below the sutural keel, the
shoulder is simply angular at the top of the outer lip, without any
short erect point. The surface is sprinkled all over, as in C. jrro-

OBSERVED AT MOGADOE. 187

boscidale (Lam.), with little raised points or pustules, apparently
caused by the entanglement of grains of sand in the glazed ena-
melled outer coating of the shell during its deposition. The spire
does not rise above the top of the outer lip or aperture ; and the
very small low mammillary cone is nearly obliterated by the glazed
enamel of the rather broad and oi>en concave sutural channel, and
completely sunk or hid below the keel or margin of the same, as in
Sowerby's ff. 7 c, d. The sutural channel is deep and concave, but
wider in this individual than in the var. /3 with the retreating,
rounded, inflexed shoulder. The outer lip is outwardly promi-
nent, and the aperture effuse downwards, as in Sowerby's
ff. 7 c, d, which also exhibit exactly the general shape and colour
(a plain dark fawn, approaching to tawny-chestnut) of this Moga-
dorian example. The pillar is 3-plaited, and the inner lip strongly
defined and thickened, being formed by a distinct, enamelled,
smooth raised coat or band, half an inch broad, paler than the
rest, along the ventral margin of the aperture.

Of all recorded species this Mogadorian shell certainly comes
nearest on the whole to C. rubiginosum (Swains.) ; and then to
G. porcinum (Lam.), with which it agrees in the sharp angle of
the shoulder, but differs in the distinct thickened inner lip, of
which there is ordinarily no trace in C. porciuum (Lam.), the
latter being also a thinner, lighter shell, more closely allied with
G. prohoscidale (Lam.), to which indeed it is united by Dr. Gray,

p. incurva ; shoulder or top of outer lip rounded, incurved and
retreating; sutural groove deep and narrow, with the edge in-
flexed and rising above the obsolete short mammillary cone or
spire ; shape oblong or cylindric, with the outer lip mostly straight
and the aperture rarely effuse. — Le Pidlin, Adans. 48. t. 3. f. 2 ;
Buonan. 3. f. 2.

The only adult Mogadorian example I possess of this variety is
3f inches long and If inch broad, agreeing remarkably well in
all respects with Adanson's Philin above quoted. In three small
immature examples from the same locality, measuring respect-
ively 1:^, If, and 2f inches in length, and 8, 12, and 16 lines in
width, the broad, blunt, short and rounded apical mammilla is
exserted above the shoulder or basal volution, and the shell is out-
wardly bluish-grey, clouded and mottled with pale spots. The
smallest of them has only two plaits on the pillar ; but in aU of
them the inner lip is distinctly developed on the body of the last
volution, and the usual rich chestnut or tawny-brown colour per-

13*

188 KEY. E. T. Lowe's list oe shells

vades the inside of tlie aperture, spreading over the ventral portion
of the last volution outside the pale enamelled pillar-lip. In the
larger adult shell, the spire is not exserted beyond the basal volu-
tion, and the tip of the apical mammiUa scarcely protrudes above
its rim. In aU four, the shape is oblong or cyliudric, the outer
lip nearly or quite straight, and the aperture not at all efluse.

Adanson's PJdlm, t. 3. f. 2, is a very fair representation of this
smaller Mogadorian form of /3 ; whilst Buonanni's, 3. f. 2, referred
by Linnceus to his Voluta Olla (V. Neptuni, Gm.), and by Hanley
(Conch. Linn. 237, 238) to V. probosciilalis, Lam., belongs rather
to the larger Lanzarotan form of this var. Its well-defined deep
and nai'row sutural channel around the distinct projected mam-
miUa forbids its reference to V. prohoscidalis, Lam., which is also a
vastly larger, lighter, thinner, and altogether differently shaped shell.

An examination, by favour of Dr. Gray and Dr. Baird, of the
original types of D'Orbigny's Vohita Neptuni and porcina, now
lodged with the rest of his, or rather Webb and Berthelot's, Cana-
rian Shells in the British Museum, proves them to belong indu-
bitably to C. rttbigiiiosiMii (Sw.), var. /3, Lowe, — a shell which
indeed is commonly brought to Lanzarote by the Spanish fisher-
men from the neighbouring coast of Africa, but which is not, at
least ordinarily, found on the shores of any of the Cauarian
islands themselves. In like manner, when M. D'Orbigny states
his V. prohoscidalis ("W. B. ii. 2. 86) to have been " recueillie sur
les cotes de I'ile de Lancerotte par MM. Webb et Berthelot," he
is at variance with the testimony of one of its alleged collectors
(Webb himself), who, in a letter to me dated " Teneriffe, Jan. 30th,
1830," i. e. only six months after his and M. Berthelot's joint
visit of six weeks to Lanzarote, and two weeks to Fuerteventura,
writes : " The reason that many of the shells I sent are in a bad
state is, that they are collected hy tlie fishermen on the opposite
continent of Africa, whereas scarcely anything is thrown up on
the rough and precipitous coasts of these islands." The three
typical examples, one miscalled by D'Orbigny V. Neptuni, and the
other two V. porcina, in the British Museum, identify themselves
amply by their battered, worn, and bleached condition, with those
apologized for in the foregoing extract, which has also reference
doubtless to a fourth Lanzarotan example of the same form or var.,
4| in. long by 2\ in. broad, sent to me, with various other land
and sea mollusks, immediately after his return from Lanzarote to
Grand Canary in August 1829, by AVebb himself, and which is

OBSEBVED AT MOGABOR. 189

in a very similar coudition. Instead of being as usual plain-
coloured, it is mottled all over, like young C. Neptuni (Gm.),
with suffused paler spots. This example was erroneously named
by me also at the time (as were others subsequently by D'Or-
biguy) V. porcina, Lam. ; and it is the very shell referred to by
tliat name in a MS. list of all the shells sent to me by "Webb in
1829, with which, at his request, I furnished him, and which he
subsequently, it appears, entrusted to M. D'Orbignj^

The only Cymhium I could obtain in Lanzarote, diu'ing a sojourn
there from about the middle of February to that of April 1859,
was this C, ruUginosv/ni (Swains.), var. jG, of which three fine
specimens, in fresh, though most unsavoury condition from still
containing the remains of their inhabitants, were presented to me
by the excellent and active British Vice-Consul at Arecife,
J. T. Topham, Esq., whose kind and efficient attentions claim the
grateful recollection of all visitors to Lanzarote. They had been
brought as usual by the fishermen from the opposite coast of
Africa ; and I could obtain no reliable evidence that the shell was
ever really taken living on the shores of either Lanzarote, Puerte-
ventura, or any other of the Canary Islands.

Of the three existing Cymbia inD'Orbigny's collection, the two
larger agree precisely witb my Lanzarotan examples. The third,
marked Voluta Neptuni, is merely, in my judgment, a smaller,
rather more ventricose, or broader and shorter, form than usual of
the same, such as I possess a large example of amongst my Lan-
zarotan specimens. It is much too solid, thick, and heavy for a
V. Neptuni or Navicula of its size, besides being quite differently
shaped, and having a deep narrow sutural channel, with the edge
inflexed, round the distinct mammilla, and the shoulder rounded.
The pillar is 3-plaited. There can remain, I think, no reasonable
doubt of its being anything but a dwarf adult state of C. ruhigi-
nosum, jj. It is a wretched, battered, old example, ground or
worn down and bleached perfectly white.

No example marked by D'Orbigny V. prohoscidalis, or other-
wise in any way entitled to that name, exists in his Canarian col-
lection ; and I also never received from Webb any shell rightly
referable thereto. This throws much doubt on D'Orbigny 's
enumeration of it as a Lanzarotan species found by "Webb, and
raises strong suspicion of confusion or mistake, arising possibly
from some previous misnomer of one of the three or four examples
of C. rtibiginosum (Swains.), var, ft, actually obtained by Webb in
Lanzai'otc.

190 EEV. R. T. Lowe's list of shells

With a view to confirm the accuracy of tlie foregoing correc-
tions, and to supply materials to Mogadorian or Canarian obser-
vers for further researches, and for tlie probable discovery on
their shores of more than this one Gymhium, I subjoin a con-
spectus of the characters and synonyms of several of the more
nearly allied species, as understood by me.

1. Cymbium Olla (L.).
Volufa Olla, L.= F. Neptuni, Gm., Lam,

Plaits of pillar 4 ; shell proportionately thin and light, globose,
ovate, short, inflated, ventricose ; spire very short and obtuse, its
mammilla indistinct, depressed, and suture obsolete, nearly or
quite closed ; shoulder (at top of outer lip) angular, erect, slightly
prominent, rising above the spire into a short, acute, erect angle
or point ; inner lip (above the four plaits) distinct and defined ;
aperture reaching to or beyond the level of the apex, efluse. Colour
plain fulvous-fawn or olive-brown ; when young, usually mottled
with pale]' or whitish spots.

Adult : Valuta Olla, Linn. Syst. ed. 12. 1196 ; Hani. Conch.
Linn. 237. V. Nej)tuni, Lam. ed . 2. x. 379. CymhaNeptuni, Sowerb.
Sp. Conch, p. 5. if. 2 c, d. Cymhhim persicum, Patera Neptuni, Mart.
iii. 51. t. 71. f. 767. L'Tet, Adans. 44. t. 3. f. 1. Tetus Neptuni,
Gray in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 52.

YoTJKG or Pull. : TblutaNavicula, Gmel. Yetus Namcula,GTaj,
I. e. 51. V. Neptuni pull., Sowerb. Gen. f. 1 ; Sp. Conch, f. 2 a, h ;
D'Orb. in W. B. ii. 2. 85. Cymbium persicum mactdatum. Martini,
iii. 52. t. 71. ff. 768, 769.

Sal. "African Ocean and Persian Gulf," Lam.; "African
Ocean," /So^fer&. ; Senegal, ^(/ffw*. ; " Lanzarote " (i. e. opposite
coast of Africa), Welh ; West Coast of Africa, Gambia, Gray.

D'Orbigny's typical Canarian specimen of his V. Neptuni, in the
British Museum, is certainly nothing (as before afiirmed) but a
wretched bleached and battered shell of V. ruliginosa, Sw. Tet
I possess a smaU mottled young example of the true V. Neptuni,
Gm.(= V. Navicula, Gm.), 2 inches long by 1 inch and 5 lines
broad, sent to me by AVebb, in 1829, from Lanzarote, which,
though doubtless of African origin, suffices to forbid the quota-
tion of V. Neptuni, D'Orb,, in W. B. ii. 2. 85, together with his
V. porcina, under C. ruhiginosum (Sw.), var. /3, with which, how-
ever, the existing types of both his species in the British Museum
are all equally identical. For this, his record of the species as a

OBSEETED AT MOGADOU. 191

Canariau (Lanzarotan) sliell, though imsupported by the type in
his collection, doubtless rests on the authority of a MS. list by
myself, with notes or descriptions of all the Canarian shells re-
ceived by me from "Webb, drawn up for, and communicated many
years ago (in 1833) to my late friend, — of which D'Orbigny has,
without acknowledgment, made unsparing use — borrowing most
of the new specific names, and arbitrarily changing others,
without reference* to their real author. In this list, the small
mottled Lanzarotan example of F. Neptuni, Gm., above mentioned,
was included ; and it still exists, so marked, in my Canarian
(Webbian) collection.

2. Ctmbitjm peoductum, Lowe.
Valuta olla, Lam. (notLum.).

Plaits 2 ; shell proportionately thin and light, oval or oblong-
oval, mostly subventricose ; spire produced, the mammilla glan-
diform, prominent, exserted; sutural groove very narrow, deep,
constricted, nearly closed, its margin strongly incurved and obtuse
or roimded ; shoulder distinct, rounded, incurved, prominent ;
aperture ending far below the apex, effuse ; inner lip mostly effuse
and indistinct, or altogether obsolete. Colour uniform pale buff",
with a dark chestnut-blackish epiderm.

Vohita olla, Lam. ed. 2. x. 381 ; Swains. Exot. Conch, fig. opt.
(not Linn.). Cymha Olla, Sowerb.sp. Conch, p. 7. ff". 1«, h, c, d. Cym-
hivm, &c. Philippimcm, Mart. iii. 48. t. 71. f. 766 (pillar 3-plaited);
Buonan. 3. f. 6 (puU.). Yetus Olla, Gray, in Pr. Z. S. 1855, p. 51.

Hab. Indian Ocean, Lam. ; Asiatic Ocean, and probably Africa,
Swains. ; Mediterranean (Gibraltar), Sowet-b. ; Mediterranean,
Gray.

Martini's t. 72. ff". 772, 773, carelessly quoted by Swaiuson, I. c,
for this shell, are more correctly referred by the same author,
two pages earlier in the same work, to Valuta melo, Sol.

3. Cymbium eubiginosum (Swains.).
Voluta ruhiginosa. Swains.

Plaits 3 ; shell strong, thick, heavy, broadly oblong or cylindric,
slightly but equally contracted at each end ; spire short, its
maiiimiUa distinct, sometimes, bu.t not usually, a little exserted

* Except in two instances, — Planaxis Iccvigata, p. 79, and Sanella ahbre'
viata, p. 94. The " Planaxis " is a young example of a JVassa very abundant
at Arccife in Lanzarote, and closely allied to N. miifabilis (L.).

192 EET. E. T. LOWE's LIST OF SHELLS

beyond the last volutiou ; sutural groove distinct, deep, concave,
narrow, its lip or edge acute, mostly incurved ; shoulder either a
little prominent, angular, and pointed, or altogether evenly rounded,
incurved, and sloping backwards at top ; aperture mostly reaching to
or beyond the level of the apex, broad, oblong, sometimes a little
effuse; outer lip mostly nearly or quite straight, rarely arcuate; inner
lip distinct, broad, and defined. Colour plain cinereous-buff, more
or less washed with rich coffee-brown or fulvous, rarely mottled.
Surface coated more or less with a shining arenulato-granulate or
pustulate golden-fulvous glaze. Shell 4-5| in. long, and 2-^-3 wide.
a. angitlata; shoulder or top of outer lip angular or slightly
pointed ; keel or edge of suture erect or subreflexed ; sutural
groove sometimes a little broad and open ; shape oblong or sub-
ventricose, with the aperture subeffuse, and outer lip subarcuate
or prominent downwards ; inner lip slightly thickened and well
defined. — Valuta ruhiginosa, Swains. Exot. Conch. Cymba riihigi-
nosa, Sowerb. Sp. Conch. 6. ff. 1 a,h,c,d; Mart. t. 70. f. 765.
Hah. Mogador, Lowe.

Varies with the spire and mammilla longer and distinctly pro-
duced beyond (Swains. I. c. ; Sowerb. f. 7 h), and ^ith the spire
shorter, and the mammilla shorter or barely longer than the outer
lip or aperture (Sowerb. ff. 7 a,c,d\ Mart. I. c). To this latter
form belongs the Mogadorian shell.

/3. incurva ; shoulder rounded and incurved ; keel or edge of
suture inflexed; sutural groove deep and narrow, contracted by
its incurved edge ; shape subcylindric, with the lateral outlines
straighter and more parallel for the most part than in a, the aper-
ture mostly narrower, and less or not at all effuse ; the outer lip
nearly or quite straight, and the inner lip somewhat more difiiise
and broader or less thickened. — Voluta porcina, D'Orb. ! in W. B.
Hist. Can. Moll. p. 85 (not Lam.). V. prohoscidalis, ejusd. p. 86,
probably (not Lam.). Le Philin, Adans. 48. t. 3. f. 2 ; Buouan. 3.
f. 2. V. Nejptuni, D'Orb. ! type in collect.

Hah. Mogador, and coast of Africa opposite Lanzarote, Wehh,
Ltoxoe.

In all my examples of /3, as in Adanson's and Buonanui's
figures, the tip of the mammillary cone is almost exactly level
with, or only very slightly prominent above, the edge of the
sutural groove or top of the outer lip.

Lamarck mixes up the synonyms of this species with those of
his Valuta porcina, from which, as from V. prohoseidalis, it is cer-
tainly very distinct. Dr. Gray has united it with Valuta Cymhium,

OBSERVED AT MOGADOR. 193

Lam. (uot Linn.). The deep narrow sutiiral channel and distinct
thickened inner lip distinguish both my own and Webb's Canarian
specimens from all these shells ; as does the greater ponderosity
and thickness from at least the two former species. My three
Lanzarotan examples of var. fi are from 5^^ to 5^ inches long, and
from 2^ to nearly 3 inches wide. They are plain-coloured, or at
most only partially and indistinctly mottled. My fourth Lanza-
rotan example, from Webb himself, is, however, as before stated,
more distinctly mottled all over. D'Orbigny's two in the British
Museum, marked V. porcina, perfectly resemble these in every
respect. His third Valuta, marked V. Neptuni, is a smaU, dwarf,
shorter and more ventricose form or state of precisely the same
shell, with the aperture wider than usual, bleached, and worn down
to a dull marble-like whiteness.

4. Ctmbium proboscidale {Lam.).
Valuta proboscidalis, Lam.

Plaits 4 ; shell thin, light, subinflated, large, boat-shaped or
fusiform-cylindric, contracted at each end ; spire very short, its
mammilla soon obliterated, small, and sunk below the top of the
last volution ; sutural groove broad, concave, soon becoming obso-
lete or confluent over the mammilla, and forming at the top of the
shell a cup-shaped hollow, its lip or edge erect, subreflected or
curved outwards, acute ; shoulder sharply angular, prominent,
remote from the spire ; aperture reaching beyond or to the level of
the apex ; outer lip curved convexedly ; inner lip none. Colour
plain ferruginous-chestnut or tawny-brown. Size 8-10 or 12 in.
long, 4-5 or 6 wide.

V. prahascidalis, Lam. ed. 2. x. 382 ; Swains. Exot. Couch, (no
fig. in my copy). Gymha prahoscidalis, Sowerb. Gen. ; Sp. Conch. 5.
f. 5 d, adult ; 5 c, jun. ; 5 a, h, pull.

Hah. "African Ocean," Soioerhy.

Dr. Gray, in Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 52, unites this species
with the following {Valuta porcina, Lam.), of which it may possibly
prove, indeed, to be only a large mature or full-developed state or
form. But further observations of the shells and animals con-
jointly seem still requisite to justify such combinations.

5. Ctmbium porcinum {Lam.).
Valuta Ci/mbimn, L. !
Plaits 2, rarely 3 ; shell thin, light, rather small, narrow-oblong,

194 EEV. B. T. LOAVE's LIST OF SHELLS

subcylindric, a little broader upwards ; spire very short, abrupt or
truncate, its mammiUa distinct, but not exserted ; sutural groove
very broad and shallow, nearly or quite flat, its lip or edge very
acute, erect, and thin, not incurved, sharply raised or earinate ;
shoulder sharply rectangular, prominent, remote from the spire,
the angle sometimes rising into an erect horn-like point ; aperture
not reaching to the apex ; inner lip none. Coloiu' uniform plain
nankin-yellow or cinereous bluish-grey. From 4-6 inches long,
and 2-2|^ broad.

Valuta porcina, Lam. ed. 2. x. 383 (excl. syn. Adans. et Mart,
f. 765) ; Swains. Exot. Conch, opt. (excl. syn. Adans. et Mart,
f. 765). Cyniba porcina, Sowerb. Sp. Conch. 6. ff. Qa-k ; Sowerb.
Man. f. 434 ; Mart. t. 70. f. 764. Voluta OymUwm, Linn. ! Syst.
ed. 12. 1196; Hani. Conch. Linn.! 237 (not Lam.).

Hah. "African Ocean," Lam., Sowerhy.

Adanson's PliUin, t. 3. f. 2, usually referred to the present shell,
certainly belongs rather to C. ruhiginosum (Swains.), by its 3-plaited
pillar, its thickened or distinct pillar-lip, its less remote and pro-
minent shoulder, and its deeper, more narrow, concave sutural
channel ; instead of the mostly 2-plaited pillar, the more prominent
remote shoulder, and broad, flat, shallow sutural space around the
apical mammiUary nucleus or cone of C. porcinum (Lam.). In like
manner, Buonanni's 3. f. 2, though it omits the thickened inner
lip, by the 3-plaited pillar, the distinct, deep, narrow sutural groove
with an incurved edge, and the more rounded, retreating, inflexed
shoulder, is by no means a bad representation of C. ruhiginosum
(Swains.), /3, sujjra, whilst it exhibits scarcely a single peculiar
trait of G. porcinum (Lam.).

I feel by no means confident that this supposed species is not a
merely immature or half-grown state of C. prohoscidale (Lam.),
with which Lamarck himself indicates its close afiinity, and Dr.
Grray, as before remarked, unites it.

6. Cymbium cisium, MenJce.

Voluta cymlium. Lam. (not Linn.).

Plaits 3 V. 4 (4-6, Lam.) ; shell large, thick and strong, broadly
ovate or ovate-oblong ; spne short, abrupt or truncate, its mam-
milla subprominent, distinct ; sutural groove deeply and broadly
concave, its lip or edge very acute, erect or subreflected, sharply
raised or earinate ; shoulder winged, with an erect sharp point or
angle remote from the spire ; apertiu-e scarcely reaching to the
apex, subefFuse or broad ; outer lip curved ; inner lip obsolete or

OBSERVED AT MOGADOB. 195

none (?). Colour pale yellowish or glaucous-grey, mottled or
marbled with chestnut. Shell 6 or 7 in. long, 3|^ or 4 in. wide.

Gymhiwn excavatum, Martini, 3. 44. t. 70. ff. 762, 763. Valuta
Cymbiicm, Lam. ed. 2. x. 380 ; Swains. Exot. Conch, (no fig.).
Cymha Cymbium, Sowerb. Gen. f. 2 ; Sp. Conch. 7. fi". 9 a-d. Yetus
Cymbium, Gray in Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 52 (in part).

Sab. "Atlantic Ocean," Lam.; "African Ocean," Sowerh. ;
" West Coast of Africa, Gambia," Gray.

90. Melampus cequalis, Lowe in Zool. Journ. v. 288. t. 13.
ff. 1-5 (var. a).

B. Land Shells, the animals breathing air by a valvular re-
spiratory orifice on the side of the neck.

These belong altogether in their general characters or aspect to
the South European type ; and only so far as that type exists in
the Canaries are they related to the Canarian : having still less
affinity to the Madeiran, in consequence of the still less prevalence
of the South European character in the Madeiran Helicological
Fauna than in that of the Canaries. This observation, founded on
the general aspect of the fifteen species collected by me in the
immediate vicinity of Mogador, is confirmed by their statistical
analysis. Eight are common South European, one only Canarian,
and six Moroccan species ; the seven latter exhibiting a wholly
South European aspect. Of the former eight, three only are
found in Britain, five in the Canaries, and four in Madeira : of the
seven latter, none of com'se in either Britain or Madeira, though
one of the six peculiar Moroccan species {H. Pumilio, Chemn.) is
very nearly allied to the exclusively Canarian H. Despreauxii, Orb.
(a form which has no Madeiran representative), whilst the five
others as nearly approach common South European forms.

30. Helicid^.

Gen. Helix, L.

Group 1. Euparypha, Hartm.

Helix pisana, Mull. ; var. y, Pf. ; alboranensis, Webb.
planata, Chemn., a acutangula, j3 obtusangula.

Group. 2. Xerophila, Held.

caperata, Mont., y mogadorensis.

Eumseus, Lowe.

5. Irus, Lowe.

lancerottensis, Webb, a Webbii, ^ Bertbcloti.

196 BET. E. T. Lowe's list of suells

Grroup 3. Turricula, Beck (Grenea, sp. Alb.).
Helix PumiliOj Chemn.

Group 4. CcirocolUna, Beck (Gonosfoma, pars, Alb.).
lenticula, Fer.

Group 5. Tachea, Leacli {Archelix, Alb.).
lactea. Mull.

Gen. BuLiMus, Scop.
Group 1. Elisma, Leacb.
10. Bulimus acutus {Mull.) ; /3 unicolor, Pf. ; y, Pf. ; turricula
(Chemn.),

ventrosus (Fer.).

solitarius [Poir.).

Group 2. Bumina, Eisso.
Paivse, Lowe.

Gen. AcHATiNA, Lam.
Group Ferussacla, Risso.
Achatina foUiculus {Gron.), a abbreviata, ;8 producta.
15. ruricola, Lowe.

Notes on the preceding List.

1. Helix pisana, MiiU. ; y, Pf. (ed. 1.) i. 153 ; var. h. aJhoranensis,
Webb, Mousson in Hartung's Geolog. Verbiiltu. Lanzarot. und
Fuertav. 132. — The specimens are small, and mostly pale-coloured
{i. e. narrowly and faintly banded) or white ; but otherwise quite
of the usual globose thin-shelled Lisbon, Cadiz, Madeiran, and
Canarian form of the species, with the keel present only in quite
young examples. The perforation is in smaller shells more open
or distinctly marked by the raised and only partially reflected
pillar-lip : in larger specimens it is nearly or quite closed. The
mouth is usually full rose-coloured. Common in the neighbour-
hood of Mogador.

2. Helix planata, Chemn. xi. 281, t. 209. ff. 2067-2069 ; Pf.
(ed. 1.) i, 175 (excl. syn. Webb et habit. Canaria, Lancerotta, et
Graciosa). Carocolla planata, Lam. (ed. 2.) viii. 148 (excl. syn.
Webb et Berth.).

a. acutangula ; carina acutissima elevata usque ad labrum producta,
apertura ad carinam perinde valde angulata, testa depressa, spira
planata, anfr. planis.

Subvar. 1. omnino cretaceo-alba, cc. Chemn. /. r. t. 20.0. ff. 2067, 2068.

OBSERTED AT MOQADOR. 197

Subvar. 2. fusco-fasciata. rr. Chemn. /. c. t. 209. f. 2069. H. planata

{H. arietina olim), Rossm. xiv. 22. t. 66. ff. 825, a, b (excl. f. 826 et

habit. " Lanzarote, W. u. B.").
/3. obtusangula ; carina aperturam versus subobsoletiore, apertura

perinde minus angulata, testa subglobosiore, spira elevatiore, anfr.

subconvexiusculis.
Subvar. 1. omnino cretaceo-alba. ccc.
Subvar. 2. fusco-fasciata. rr.
On shrubs of Broom {Retama monosperma (L.)) in the neighbom'hood

of Mogador.

The Canarian H. planata, Webb, Syn. 8. No. 3 (H. pisana mon-
sti'osa, D'Orb. Hist. Moll. Can. p. 59), is a perfectly distinct
species from this Moroccan or Chemnitziau shell. In a MS. cata-
logue of Canarian shells, sent many years ago to AVebb, I had
called it (as a new species) H.f estiva ; on vehich he remarks, in a
letter dated " Paris, August 26, 1833," " H.f estiva, Lowe, in lit.,
is a variety of H. planata, Chemn.," under which name it there-
fore stands in his ' Synopsis.' It is well distinguished by Mousson
ill Hartung's Geolog. Verhaltn. p. 133, under the odd name of H.
impugnata, from both H. planata, Chemn., and S. pisana, Miill.,
to the former of which Eossmassler refers it (J. c. f. 826) along
with his H. arietina, f. 825.

8. Helix caperata, Mont.

y. mogadorensis ; submajor rugosula distinctius et grossiuscule costulato-

striata, carina suturaque striis prominuhs saepius subcrenulata v.

erosulo-rugosiuscula.
Diam. maj. 4J-6 lin. (10-13i millim.), min. 4-5i Un. (9-12 mill.) ; alt.

3-4i lin. (7-10 mill.). Anfr. 5.
Sand-hills ; apparently not uncommon.

At first sight this appears, in well-developed living specimens,
sufficiently distinct from H. caperata, Mont., by its much stronger
and more raised or rib-like strise, which, in crossing the generally
distinct though not rim-like keel, form in many specimens more or
less prominent, though irregular crenulations, like those of H.
rugosa, Chemn. {H. Gargottce, Eossm. f. 357) ; from which species
it is, however, quite distinct in its smaller umbilicus, its simple,
not margined (though subcrenulate) keel and suture, and in the re-
mote, not approximate, margins of the peristome. In every otlier
point it agrees with large English or Portuguese examples of H.
caperata, Mont. {H. striata, Drap. partim, nee aliorum) ; differ-
ing from H. lauta, Lowe, in its rather larger umbilicus, and from
both that species and //. Terverii, Mich. (Eossm. ft". 354 (/, 565,

]98 EEV. E. T. LOWE'S LIST OF SHELLS

566), in its coarser or stronger ribs, and more distinct and mostly
crenulated keel.

Of all Eossmassler'a figures, tis H. caperata, ff. 830, 830 aa, and
832, best represent the present form, thougli not exhibiting the
coarser striae and subcrenulated keel.

4. Helix JEumcBus, Lowe.

T. aperte umbilicata parvula rotundato-depressa, supra convexiuscula
subtus planiuscula (nee turgida) arete et temiiter striata einerea, fiisco
ssepe obscure seriatim lentiginoso-maculata v. interrupte fasciata,
vertice fusco-eorneo laevi nitido ; spira convexiuscula vertice exserto,
sutura distincta impressa ; anfr. 4i-5 convexiusculis, ultimo depresso
obtuse cainnato antice nee deflexo nee dilatato, apertura oblique lunata ;
peristomate recto simplici acuto, marginibus remotis.

Diam. maj. 5-6^, miu. 4i-6 ; alt. 3-44 millim.

At the Emperor's Garden up the river, r.

From the number of specimens collected, many of which are,
however, dead and more or less bleached or discoloured, this is
probably a common shell at Mogador, though its insignificant size
and unattractive aspect may well have occasioned its being appa-
rently hitherto overlooked. I find, however, two specimens
amongst a few other Helices collected at Mogador in 1851 by Mr.
T. S. Leacock of Madeira, and sent to me by Mr. Wollaston. Its
nearest ally seems to be S. apicina, Lam., and it also much re-
sembles H. armiUafa, Lowe ; but it is not less distinct from the
European than from the Madeiran species, differing from the latter
in the less distinct keel and less flattened last volution, which is
especially much more convex and rounded beneath ; in the much
less fine, close, and regular striation, and in the larger umbilicus.
In general colouring there is considerable approximation; but the
brown spots or interrupted tessellated bands are much more di-
stinct and regular in H. armiUafa.

5. Helix Irus, Lowe.

Possessing only two dead specimens of this apparently distinct
species, I shall not attempt at present to give its complete diag-
nosis. In general aspect much resembling IT. squalida, Lowe, it
is still more nearly allied to I£. Eumcsus, differing in having the
striae roughened more or less with fine seobinate asperities or raised
linear file-like granulations, after the manner of H. lentiginosa,
Lowe, and several other Madeiran species. The spire is also dis-
coidally flattened, with the penultimate volution alone abruptly
raised above the basal whorl, and the rest of the 4<^ volutions,
vdth the vertex, flat or even a little depressed, much as in H.

OBSBKVED AT MOGADOE. 199

squalida or ohtecta, Lowe, instead of being regularly (with the
vertex) prominent or convex. The colour is a pale dull brown,
obscurely banded and speckled.

Diaui. maj. 6, min. 5^, alt. 3^-3^ millim. Anfr. 4^|-.

Found with the last species, rrr.

6. H. lancerottensis, Webb.

T. parvula globulosa subturbinata pisiformis perforata tenuiuscula rudi-
uscula striatula calcareo-albiila v. pallide fusca saepe variata s. indi-
stincte maculata et fasciata; spira convexa elevatiuscula depresso-
conoidea apice obtuse, sutura distincta impressa ; anfr. 4^-5 convexis
tumidiuscubs, ultimo subtus rotundato-convexo antice baud vel vix
deflexo ; umbilico cylindrico parvo distincto ; apertura rotundato-ovali
altiore quam lata parum lunata ; peristomate interrupto simplici recto
acuto ad umbilicum reflexo labris remotis.

a. Webbii ; pusilla, umbilico subcoarctato angustiore. H. lancerottensis,
Webb. ! Syn. p. 12, No. 17 ; Hist. Can. ii. 2, 1. 1. ff.24, 25 (not D'Orb. !
descr. I. c. p. 60).

Hub. Mogador, r ; in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura less common than
in tbe rest of the Canary Islands.

This is the only instance at present of the occiuTence of a purely
Canarian Helix on the opposite African continent.

D'Orbigny's description (W. B. Hist. Can. I. c. p. 60) oiH. lance-
rottensis proves by his original single type to have been drawn up
from an old dead bleached example of H. monilifera, Webb ! The
figures, however, to which he refers (t. 1. if. 24, 25) represent the
true S. lancerottensis of Webb, whose first two plates of shells had
been engraved under his own management by Terver, long pre-
vious to D'Orbigny's engagement in the work, and correctly
exhibit the species originally intended, and published by Webb
in his Synopsis, but of which the present is vmfortunately not the
only one subsequently misunderstood and thrown into confusion
by D'Orbigny.

/3. Bertheloti ; pusilla, umbiUco paullo largiore.
Hub. Mogador, e.

H. Orhifjnyi, Webb in D'Orb. I. c. p. 59, t. 2. ff. 31-33 (not
of D'Orb.'s types !), a commonly diffused though nowhere locally
abundant shell in almost all the Canary Islands, and especially in
Teneriffe, is merely a larger more developed form of /3, and wiU
stand thvis :

H. lancerottensis, Webb, var. y. Orbignii ; major, umbilico paullo
largiore.

Var. a agrees perfectly with six original Lanzarotan specimens

200 REV, R. T. LOWE's LIST OF SHELLS

sent to me by Webb in 1829 of his H. lancer ottensis, and with
others found by myself and Mr. Wollaston last year not only in
Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, but also together with H. Orhignyi,
Webb, in all the Canary Islands, and especially in Teneriffe, both
at S** Cruz and Orotava. Var. /3 differs from it only in the
slightly larger or more open umbilicus, which exposes a portion of
the preceding volution. It is more frequent than a in Mogador,
and differs from H. Orhignyi, Webb, in size only.

D'Orbigny has wonderfully misunderstood this common species.
Not only, as ah'eady noted, has he placed in his collection and de-
scribed in Webb's ' Histoire ' for the true IL. lancer ottensis, Webb,
an old dead shell of S. monilifera, Webb, but five genuine ex-
amples of the true H. lancerottensis in his collection have been
mistaken for, and actually stand as types of, the larger variety,
H. Orhignyi, Webb.

7. Helix Pmnilio (Chemn.), Pf. (ed. 1) i. 178. Trochus Pii-
milio, Chemn. xi. 164. 1. 196. fi". 1888, 1889.

This most elegant little species is locally abundant in the neigh-
bourhood of Mogador, whence it was received by Chemnitz many
years ago. It seems to have escaped entirely the notice of later
naturalists. Its only Canarian representative is S. Despreauxii,
Orb., which abounds on that wonderful half sand, half marshy
region of El Charco, near Maspalomas, at the southern extremity
of Grrand Canary, on dry banks under stones. It is also closely
allied to the European H. elegans, Gem., Caroni, Desh., elata,
Eaure-Big., &c. ; but it has no Madeiran analogue.

8. Helix lenticula, Eer., Pf. (ed. 1) i. 211 ; Eossm. vii., viii., 12,
f. 452. H lenticulata, D'Orb. MoU. Can. in W. B. ii. 2. 66. t. 2.
ff. 10-12. H. suhtilis, Lowe, Prim. 45. t. 5. f. 13. Carocolla len-
ticula, Phil. i. 136. — A widely diffused South European species, per-
vading the Madeiran and Canarian groups, and found equally in
Spain, Portugal, the South of Erance, Greece, Sicily, Egypt, and
Algeria, as at Mogador. Its range of extension further to the
south has yet to be explored.

9. Helix lactea, Miill., Pf. (ed. 1) i. 272 ; Eossm. v. 7. f. 302,
and ix. 1. ff. 545-551 ; Webb, Syn. 9. no. 5 ; D'Orb. MoU. Can.
in W. B. Hist. ii. 2. p. 55. H. faux nigra, Chemn. ix. 2. p. 127.
t. 130. f. 1161. — The abundant occurrence of this shell living in
the wild half-desert region of El Charco at the remote southern
extremity of Grand Canary, below Maspalomas, is unfavourable to
D'Orbiguy's supposition of its having been of Spanish introduction
to that island, in which, and in Teneriffe alone of all the Canarian

OBSERTED AT MOCvADOE. 201

group, it was found plentifully recent by myself and Mr. "Wollaston.
In Grand Canary it is so abimdant in the neighbourhood of Las
Palmas, that it is largely exported alive in casks to the Havana as
an article of food. At Mogador I found it also plentifully, up the
river, towards the Emperor's Garden. In the Madeiran Islands it
does not occur, though a few Canarian individuals from Teneriffe,
turned loose by myself at my house on the Levada de S** Luzia in
the neighbourhood of Punchal, ten or twelve years ago, may per-
haps colonize the place.

10. Bulimus acutus (Miill.). Helix harhara, Linn. Syst. ed. 12.
1249 ; Hani. Conch. Linn. 384.

/8. unicolor, albidus, Pf. (ed. 1) ii. 215.

y. Turriciila (Chemn.) ; y. major, &c., Pf. I. e. ; Tu7'bo Turricula
Maroccana, Chemn. si. 280, t. 209. ff. 2063, 2064.
Abundant on sand-hills near Mogador.

11. BuUmtis ventrosus (Per.), Pf. ii. 215. B.ventricosics, Drap.
78, t. 4. f. 31, 32; Eossm. vi.41,f.377; D'Orb. MoH. Can. in W. B.
Hist. ii. 2. p. 67. Helix acuta, Webb, Syn. 13. no. 21 (non Miill.).
— Not uncommon at the Emperor's Garden, Mogador.

12. Bulimus solitarius (Poir.), Pf. (ed. 1) ii. 216; B. conoideus,
Eossm. vi, 41, t. 376 ; Helix conoidea, Drap. 78, t. 5. f. 7, 8. — On
trunks of trees at the Emperor's Garden, near Mogador : not
uncommon.

13. Bulimus Paivce, Lowe.

T. majuscula rimata adulta decoUata siibcj'lindrico-tiu-rita sursum sub-
attenuata apice truncata solidiuscula opaca hvido-cervina distincte et
sequaliter reticulata, lineis spiralibus impressis subtilibus strias incre-
menti creberrimas concinne decussantibus ; anfr. 5-6 convexiusculis,
sutura impressa constrictiuscula; apert. ovali sursum acuta, perist. acute
deorsum expanse intus incrassato-costato, marginibus callo crassiusculo
late distincto junctis, columellari altero duplo breviore crasso reflexo.

Long. 18-21 lin. (39-44 miUim.), diam. /a hn. (16 mill.) ; apert. long.
6h lin. (13-14 mill.), lat. 4 lin. (8^ mill.). Anfr. 5-6.

B. decollatm /3. major, Pf. (ed. 1) ii. 153 ; Kiist. 1. 12. f. 21, 22.
" Helix decoUata, var.. Per. 1. 140. f . 6 " (Pf.).

Prom two fine examples presented to me at Mogador by Mrs.
Elton, who, I think, said she had obtained them at Eabat.

This fine species difiers strikingly in several respects from the
obsoletely decussated state or variety of ^. decollatus (L.). With
the same number of volutions, it is not only twice, or nearly twice
as large, but it is less cylindric, having the volutions more convex,
the suture more deeply contracted or impressed, the last volution

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 14

202 BEV. R. T. Lowe's list or shells

rather broader, and the sides or lateral outlines altogether more
convex and less parallel. The whole surface is equably and finely
decussated with spiral lines crossing the close, distinct and even
striae of growth, which are not conspicuously, as in B. decollatus
(L.), stronger or coarser at the sutures than elsewhere. The
outer lip is slightly expanded downwards, with a distinct, broad,
thickened rib or welt inside. The whole interior of the aperture
is of the same livid or purplish brown or fawn-colour as the rest of
the shell, which is of an altogether thicker, stronger, heavier sub-
stance, and more opake than is usually the case in S. decollata (L.).

Named to record the assiduous zeal and energy of the Baron do
CasteUo de Paiva, a distinguished Portuguese naturalist and col-
lector, who, although chiefly devoted to botanical researches, is a
no less ardent than generous cultivator and encourager of other
branches of natural science.

Pfeiifer's diagnosis of jB. decollatus (L.), by the words " ruguloso-
striata, lineis concentricis obsolete decussata," and " aufr. convex-
iusculis," seems to have been drawn up principally from the obso-
letely decussated state or var, of B. decollatus (L.) and the present
species, which is certainly his African var. /3. major, 39 millim.
long and 11 wide, &c.

I subjoin the diagnosis of B. decollatus (L.), not only for the
sake of contrast, but because it may help towards the discovery of
this sheU at Mogador.

Bulimus decollatus (L.).

T. rimata adulta decollata angustato-cylindrica apice truncata tenuiuscula
subpellucida ochraceo-carnea v. cretaceo-alba laevigata striolis incre-
menti inaiquahbus crebriusculis infi-a suturam rudiusculis lineave
spirali impressa obsolete expressis, striolis spiralibus exilissimis tenuis-
sime vel obsolete ssepe decussata ; anfr. 4-6 planatis sutura distincta
parum impressa nee constricta ; cet. fere ut in B. Paiv<e sed char,
omnibus minus expressis obsoletioribus.

Long, (adult, decoll.) 10-14 vel 15 ; diam. 4^-5 ; apert. long. 4^, lat.
2i lin.

a. laevigata. Striis increment! exoletis insequalibus, spiralibus nuUis.

B. decollatus, Drap. 76, t. 4. f. 27, 28 ; Gray, Man. p. 5, t. 6.
f. 60 ; Phil. i. 139 ; Eossm. v. vi. 45, f. 384 ; Sowerb. Conch. Man.
f. 289 ; Webb ! Syn. 14. no. 1 ; Orb. Moll. Can. in W. B. Hist. ii.
2. 68 ; Lowe ! Prim. 62. no. 61 ; Catal. Moll. Mad. in Proceed.
Zool. Soc. 1854, 199. no. 101; Kiist. M. et C. t.ll. f. 5-8, 1. 12. f.l3-
20. Helix decollata, Linn. Syst. (ed. 12) 1247 ; MiiU. Verm. ii. 114;
Chemn. ix. 2. 182, t. 136. f 1254, 1255; Hani. Conch. Linn. 379.

OBSERVED AT MOGABOR. 203

Hah. In Mad., lus. Can. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Teneriffe,
Gomera), Hispania (Malaga), Lusitania (prope Lisboam), Italia
(prope Bolsenam), &c.

/3. decussata. Striis incremeuti subdistinctioribus lineisque spiralibus
subtilissimis paucis obsolete decussata.

Found intermixed with a in the Canaries, Spain, Italy, &c., but
not in JSIadeira.

In size, colour, habit, &c., agreeing perfectly with a, but ap-
proaching B. Faivce in the decussated sculpture, which is, how-
ever, mostly irregular and much fainter, or sometimes almost
evanescent.

14. Achatina folUcuhts (Gron.), Pf (ed. 1) ii. 283.

a. ahhreviata ; loug. 9, diam. ^\ ; apert. long. 4 millim.

Near Mogador, at the Emperor's Garden up the river. Agrees
with Portuguese better than Madeiran specimens, in the more
prominent columella. See Catal. Moll. Mad. in Proceed. Zool.
Soc. 1854, p. 200.

/5. prodiicta ; long. 10, diam. 3|- ; apert. long. 4 millim.

From Eabat, a single specimen, Mrs. Elton. Differs from a only
in the spire being longer in proportion to the aperture, and in the
less prominent or developed columella. In this latter point it
agrees with Madeiran better than with Portuguese examples.

15. Acliatina ruricola, Lowe.

T. majuscula sat firma subpellucida turrita subcyliudracea elongata gra-
ciliuseula, spira producta obtusiuscula ; anfr. 6 planis aequalibus
sutura subindistincta parum impressa marginata obliqua ; apert.
ovata sursum acuta nee acuminata ^ fere (vix ultra) longitudinis
sequante ; columella arcuata subdilatata basi vix prominula obscure-
que oblique truncata, peristomate simplici.

Long. 8, diam. 2\; apert. long. 2f millim.

Hab. Prope Mogador in rure, n-r.

Partaking chiefly of the characters of A. maderensis and A. pro-
ducta, Lowe, this elegant little species, of which I found a single
example at the picturesque spot already so often mentioned,
called the Emperor's Garden, about four miles from Mogador up
the river, is perfectly distinct from each; and it will not even
enter into either of the groups to which they respectively belong,
appertaining properly to that of A. folliculus (Gron.). In shape
both of the shell and of its aperture it most resembles A. made-
rensis, Lowe ; but it wants the peculiar bright polish; it is twice as
large ; the spire is miicli less blunt, with flatter volutions and a

14*

204' ME. ilACDONALD ON THE HOMOLOGIES OF THE SO-CALLED

shallower, more oblique suture ; tlie pillar-lip is more dilated and
prominent at the base ; and lastly, the peristome is not obtuse or
thickened and coloured. From all the other allied Madeiran
species it differs in its cylindric shape and short ovate aperture,
simply acute, and not narrowed or acuminate at top. It is also a
considerably larger shell than A. gracilis and A. Leacociana, Lowe,
to which, amongst these other species, after A. producta, Lowe, it
most approaches ; and from A. producta, Lowe, with which in shape
and size it best agrees, it is abundantly distinct by the form and
proportionate size of the aperture, besides the much less prominence
of the piUar at its base. Prom A. folUculus (Gron.) it differs in
the narrow turreted-cylindric shape, the short ovate aperture, and
the perfectly even and regular volutions (v^dthout any turgidness
in the penultimate volution) of the spire.

On the Homologies of the so-caUed Univalve Shell and its Oper-
culum. By JoHK Denis Macdonald, E.N., F.E.S., T.L.S.
Communicated by Prof. Huxlet, F.E.S.
[Eead February 16th, I860.]
Adanson believed that the univalve spiral shell of the Oasteropod
was the homologue of the sinistral valve of the Conchifer, and
also that the dextral valve of the latter was represented by the
operculum of the former. Dr. Gray appears to support this view ;
but as it has met with much opposition from recent writers, who
have substituted far more unnatural and fanciful theories, I
have been induced to draw up the present paper in support of the
doctrine, which I believe to be sound and philosophical, and sug-
gestive of other remarkable homologies which must be ever con-
cealed from our view while this primary barrier is permitted to
remain. In dealing with this subject, it wiQ be more convenient
to beg the question in the outset, and sustain it as well as all the
subsequent reasoning may be capable.

If Adanson's position, as above given, be right, it will be ad-
mitted that the left valve, so to speak, of the Oasteropod is more
generally that which receives the body of the animal ; but in those
examples exhibiting a transposition of the viscera, and therefore a
sinistraUy spiral shell, the presumption is that the right valve
(normally the operculum) envelopes the animal, while the left
valve forms the operculum. As far as I have been able to discover,
these are the only cases in which a dextrally spiral operculum
closes the aperture of a sinistral shell ; for in those instances of

UNITALTE SHELL AND ITS OPERCULrM. 205

G-asteropoda haviug a dextral shell commenciug with a sinistral
nucleus, the spiral nucleus of the operculum is also sinistral, and
in the spiral-shelled Pteropoda, the gyri of both shell and opercu-
lum are alike sinistral. The legitimate deduction in this latter
case is that the body-valve of the Pteropod, though sinistral, is the
equivalent of the dextral body-valve of the Gasteropod ; and both
we assume to be answerable to the left valve of the Conchifer. It
is sometimes stated that Atlanta affords an exceptional example of
a dextral shell with a dextral operculum* ; but this I can confi-
dently affirm is not the case ; the operculum of^i^/^n^a is sinistral,'
like all normal opercula.

As relates to the umbones of bivalves and their homologues in
the shells of Gasteropoda, the spii'al nucleus of both body-valve
and operculum is very significant. From the examination of
numerous species of the operculated genera of Heteropoda captured
from time to time in the Atlantic and the Pacific, I discovered that
in all those shells possessing a promiuent spiral nucleus, the cor-
responding little point of the operculum was always beautifully
curved and proportionately well expressed ; but when the nucleus
of the shell was involute, the nucleus of the operculum presented
a most indefinite and irregular appearance, though still obviously
disposed in a spiral fashion. This latter case is illustrated in the
genus Oxy gyrus (Benson), characterized by having a more or less
horny shell with an involute nucleus.

The study of the development of the Conchifera, and the nice
examination of the relations and connexions of the mantle, tend
to show that that part of the latter which lines the right valve is
quite distinct from that which Kues the left ; and the primitive
distinctness of these two portions is permanently exemplified by
their homologues in the operculated Gasteropoda.

Any one who will examine the operculigerous lobe in the genus
Turho, cannot fail to recognize the idea of an opercular mantle, the
source of that remarkable deposit of shelly matter which so distin-
guishes Turho, Phasianella, and other genera of the same family.
The free margins of this opercular mantle are often ample enough
to meet over and conceal the operculum completely, and they may
be traced in continuity like those of the body-valve mantle round
what I have been induced to call the "pedicle,''^ which encloses the
retractor or adductor muscles, and connects each mantle respect-
ively with the body of the foot and the investment of the visceral
mass.

* Woodward's Manual of MoUusca, p. 201.

20G MR. MACDONALD ON THE HOMOLOGIES OF THE SO-CALLED

There is no example of a Conchifer iu which the right-mantle
margin does not blend with the left, at least in the region of the
hinge ; while, on the other hand, there is no instance amongst Gas-
teropods in which the margin of the right or " opercular mantle'"
coalesces with that of the left or " shell mantle" at any point.
Here, then, is a simple feature distinguishing two Orders of Mol-
lusca, arising out of the determination of the homology of the uni-
valve and opercidum of the Gasteropod with the bivalve of the
Conchifer.

Preserving their homology with the two adductors of " dimyary
ConcMfera" and perhaps also combining the representatives of
those fibres which serve to withdraw the foot, the great retractor
muscles of Gasteropoda generally consist of two principal fasciculi ;
and even in the shell-protected embryo of those species which are
destitute of a shell in the mature state (e. g. Eolis) the temporary
retractor is composed of two distinct bundles. The double nature
of this muscle is usually more apparent at the opercular extremity
than at the opposite end, as in the beautiful genus Atlanta for
example, in which the retractor muscle, arising by a broad oblique
attachment extending some little distance upon the right or upper
wall of the tube, is inserted into the operculum by two distinct
fleshy slips (the great " pedal sinus " intervening), while certain
portions diverge into the vertical fin and sucker-disc. A still
better example occurs in the genus Neritina, in which a wide space
intervenes between the two retractors. The inner extremity of
these muscles scarcely rises above the level of the general surface
of the mantle, presenting a broad smooth facet on either side of the
body. Indeed the corresponding muscular impressions in the
bowl of Navicella shadow forth most unequivocally those of the
anterior and posterior adductors in Dimyary bivalves. The cor-
rectness of this view is supported by the fact that the fibres com-
posing the lateral muscles may be traced through the operculige-
rous lobe towards the operculum, into which they are separately
inserted. The articulation of the operculum of Neritina with the
columella of the shell is retrospective, as it were, of the state of the
typical bivalve, while in other respects the higher type of the
Gasteropod is more strikingly developed.

The theoretical conversion of the left valve of a Conchifer into a
spiral dextral shell, with a rudimentary and modified right valve
forming a suitable operculum, requires no great stretch of the
imagination to conceive. The retractor muscles of Gasteropoda
passing between the shell and the opei'culum, take vip a longi-

TTNITALVE SHELL AND ITS OPERCULUM. 207

tudinal direction with I'espect to the animal ; while the shells of
Conchifera, being applied to the sides of the body, necessitate tlie
transverse direction of the adductors. But we shall have little
occasion to disturb the latter from their position while we attempt
to follow those transitional steps by which, in theory, we may trace
the conversion of the physical condition of the Conchifer (in har-
mony with the slight metamorphosis of its testaceous covering)
into that of the Gasteropod. If, then, while the shell-metamor-
phosis is going forward we suppose the body of the Conchifer, now
occupying its left valve, to revolve, irrespective of the adductors,
from left to right on its longitudinal and transverse axes, in both
cases moving through a quarter of a circle, the foot and oral
extremity at the same time undergoing certain changes (the latter
especially, by the acquisition of new parts), the characters of the
resulting being wiU closely resemble those of Navicella, to which
we have already alluded.

All the external parts of the Gasteropod or the Conchifer
appear to be superimposed, as it were, upon each other in a definite
order, and so disposed as to efiect a more or less perfect bilateral
symmetry. Proceeding from above downwards, they admit of
arrangement into four distinct systems, as in the following Table.
The principal openings are the Oral, Anal, and Generative, — the
Oral and Generative between the ''basijwdial^^ and ^^ einpodial''*
systems, and the Anal between the gills in the Gasteropod, in which
therefore all are in advance of the retractors. In the Conchifer,
on the other hand, the epipodial system being absent, the oral
orifice lies between the gills, or rather their anterior appendices,
below the anterior adductor, the anal orifice opens between the two
adductors, and the generative openings are below the posterior
adductor. The particulars just mentioned constitute the more
essential points of difference between the Gasteropod and the
Conchifer ; but the subject wiU be better understood by reference
to the Table. [See next page.]

Although an abdomen may be said to exist in all cases, it can
scarcely be regarded as a distinct part of the animal, being merely
the space included by all the external organs and containing the
viscera ; and the " soma " or body is formed by the union of all these
organs enclosing the abdamen. In the case of the Gasteropod
therefore, the viscera are contained in the left-mantle pedicle, pro-
tected by the left valve, which becomes concave to receive them.
The right-mantle pedicle, bearing the operculiun, from its usual
position has hitherto been mistaken as a part of the foot, and called

208

HOMOLOGIES OT UNITALTE SHELL AXD OPEECULUM.

^^ metapodium ;" and as the " mesopodimn,^'' so called, derives its
name from its intermediate position between the left-mantle
pedicle and the '•'■ propodmm^'' it is so far incorrectly named ; I
therefore substitute for it the term " iasipodiumP

Common tabular Plan of the Organisation of Gasteropoda and
Conchifera, showing also their points of difference.

Systems of external organs,
enclosing the abdomen, &c.

Functions.

Eelationship of
internal systems.

I. Pallial.

1. Shells and ligaments.

2. Pallial lamina and pedicles.

Accessory to respira-
tion and defensive.

Anal apertiu*e in Conchifera between the adductors and generative
openings, below the posterior adductor.

II. Branchial.

1. Branchice proper.

2. Anterior appendages or

Cirri.

Eespiration.

Circvilatory and
depurative.

Oral aperture of Conchifera and anal aperture of Grasteropoda
between the gills.

1

III. Epipodial.

1. Epipodia proper.

2. Superior tentacula.

Natation and sensa-
tion.

Nervous system

and
Organs of sense.

Oral and Generative apertixres of Gasteropoda between
epi- and basipodial systems.

IV. Basipodial.

1. Basipodium.

2. Propodiiun.

Prehension and loco-
motion.

Digestive and
Generative.

With the above principles before us, the doctrine that the uni-
valve shell, irrespective of the operculum, is the equivalent of
both valves of the Conchifer united together, is quite untenable ;
nor does the prima facie comparison of Leptori squamosum with
TrocJius (such having been chosen by Mr. Woodward in support
of this view) establish its truth one whit. It must be remembered
also that it devolves upon the upholders of this improbable piece of
transcendentalism to dispose of the operculum, which in many cases
assumes almost as much importance as the shell itself. Many
conchologists regard the operculum merely as a glutinous or
horny secretion, sometimes the nidus of calcareous deposit, adapted
to the form of the mouth of the shell as a fm'ther protection to
the retracted animal ; but beyond this, in tlieir estimation, it

GTEODAOTTLUS ELEOAKS OCCUBRING ON STICKLEBACKS. 209

deserves little consideration, except from the necessity of noting all
the varieties of its form and structure, by which they are enabled
to fit the appropriate doors to the many empty dwellings in their
cabinets.

Tlie supposition that the particular part of the foot occupied by
the byssus in some bivalves corresponds with that which supports
the operculum in Gasteropods, is just as unphilosophical as the
notion that the vesicular float of lantliina is an extreme modifica-
tion of the operculum. JSTor is the mass of byssus which closes up
the interval between the valves of the unattached Bysso-arca to be
regarded as the homologue of the operculum in Gasteropods,
although it may fulfil an analogous function. There are juster
grounds for believing that the float of lantliina, Macgillivrayia, &c,,
the suspensory threads of Litiopa, Planaxis, &c., the temporary
byssus of the young Anodon, Naia, and Cyclas, and the permanent
byssus of other bivalves, fixed or unattached, are all essentially
equivalent structures, having a local origin altogether distinct from
the " operculigerous lobe " as it exists in Gasteropods, or from what
I am induced to regard as its homologue in Conchifers.

On the Occurrence of Gyrodactylus elegans on Sticklebacks in the
Hampstead Ponds, January 1860. By C.L. Bradley, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read February 16th, I860.]

In examining some of the common Sticklebacks obtained from the
Hampstead Ponds during the present month, I found them infested
with numerous minute parasitic worms. Although these were
more conspicuous upon the fins, tliey were scattered over the
general surface of the skin, and were attached by one end to the
fish, while the other floated freely. The parasite has the ex-
ternal characters of a suctorial Annelid. The body is subcylin-
drical, annulate, without setje or cilia, and terminated posteriorly
by a suctorial base. In its mode of progression, in the expansion
and contraction of the body, it closely resembles the Leech. When
fully stretched out, it measures about -^t^ of an inch in length, and
about -jl^th in breadth, tapering from the middle towards both ends,
the cephalic portion being by far the narrower. The latter is bifid,
each division furnished with a retractile brush-like extremity,
which the animal uses as a tactile organ and also for progression.
The posterior base is of a horse-shoe form ; the curved margin is
divided into sixteen digitations, each having an independent move-

210 DISCOVERT OF ALPnEUS EDWABDSIT

merit. Through the centre of every digitatiou runs a tendinous
cord terminated by a hook. Within the circu.mference of the disc
are found two recurved hooks placed back to back, and connected
together by a ring, by whicli and their bases they are firmly held
in situ. AVhen the base is cupped, these hooks are erected. A
little distance below the bifurcation of the cephalic end, on the
ventral surface, may be seen a somewhat spherical cavity, and below
this, again, an oval cavity or space, larger and more diaphanous than
tlie former. The one has a radiate arrangement, and appears to
be connected with the mouth of the animal ; the other is the germ-
sac, and contains the next generation. Oftentimes two young
ones can be seen within the body of the parent, which they closely
resemble in form. While observing these animals with my friend
Dr. Bowerbank, we saw the young creature free itself by tearing
through the parental envelope, and containing within itself the
progeny of a third generation. In some few the oval space simply
contained a number of vesicular corpuscles. I was not aware
that this parasite had been described until I received a note from
my friend Mr. Busk, stating that " it was the Gyrodactylus elegans
of Nordmann, afterwards more completely described by Siebold,
who was the first to notice that it represents a ' nursing form of
animal,' and, as suggested by Siebold, is only a transitional,
asexual form of a Trematode, such as Polystomuvi or Octobotliriiim ;
that it was origmally found by Nordmann on the gills of the
Carp, but that Siebold mentions its occurrence on the fins of two
species of Sticklebacks."

Siebold notices two species of Gyrodactylus — G. elegans and G.
auriculatus, — to which Dujardin has added a third, G. anchoratus.
As this parasite has not, so far as I know, been before noticed as
occurring in this country, and is in many respects a very interest-
ing object, and as it may be obtained plentifully at the present
time, I have ventured to give the above brief description of it*.

Discovery of Alplieus Edwardsii on the Coast of Cornwall.

By Jonathan Couch, F.L.S., &c.

[Read April 5th, I860.]

The only species of the Crustacean genus ^Z^/^ezf* hitherto known

in the waters of the British Islands is the A. ruber ; and this is

* [Mr. Bradley has since noticed in the interior of some of the fishes infested
■with the Gyrodactylus, some minute Trematode Wonns, which may probably
have some genetic connexion with it. — G. B.]

ox THE COAST OF CORNWALL. 211

usually represented as of rare occurrence. Such, however, is not
the case on the south coast of Cornwall; for I have obtained or
inspected numerous examples within the range of our fishermen,
taken chiefly from the stomachs of such fishes as feed on
the ground at the depth of from 30 to 40 fathoms But in tlie
month of March in the present year (1860), I had the pleasure of
receiving a couple of specimens of a species of this genus which I
suppose to have been hitherto imknown in Britain, although it
would appear to be not uncommon in the Mediterranean ; and as
the circumstances under which they were found appear to throw
some light on their natural history, I take the liberty of recording
them in my notice of their capture.

A fine specimen of Sponge (^HalicJiondria palmatd) was drawn
up with the hook from a depth of 30 fathoms within three
or four miles of the harbour of Polperro ; and as soon as it was
brought on shore it was delivered to Mr. William Laughrin of
this place, who is well known for his love of marine natural
historjr, and his skill in setting up and preparing the skins
and skeletons of fishes. A search was made in this sponge for
whatever of the smaller inhabitants of the ocean it might shelter ;
and in consequence, a couple of those interesting Crustaceans,
Edwards's Aljjlieus, were discovered in the cavities of the Sponge.
They were not in one place, and had sought to escape from their
pursuer by retiring to a greater depth within the crevices, with
their tads bent under them ; but on being brought from their
concealment and plunged into a vessel of sea- water, they amusingly
displayed their natural and, it would appear, fearless character by
their actions. The lai-ger of the two was about nine-tenths of an
inch in length from the rostrum to the tail ; but although of such
small size, they traversed the vessel with an apparently threaten-
ing aspect, carrying the larger claw aloft, and, especially when
irritated, snapping it hard, with such vigour as to be heard
over a room of moderate size. The sound resembled, as well in
kind as strength, the cracking of a filbert-nut, and was reproduct:d
as often as the little creature was irritated.

As there is no description or figure of this shrimp in any
English work with which I am acquainted, I add the notes
which I took soon after the little creatures died, together with a
figure, which will be found characteristic ; and as both the speci-
mens have been added to the national collection in the British
Museum, they will be open to the inspection of naturalists at
any time.

212

ALPnEUS EDWABDSII ON THE COAST OE CORNWALL.

The body is of a thickened form, much raised and inflated in
front or over the stomachic region ; the ringed portion is also stout,

Alpheus Edwardsii.
a. Side view. b. Dorsal view. c. Frontal spines and eyes.

d. First leg. e and/. Second and largest claw, in two aspects.

and not very tapering. Eostrum rather longer than inAlplieus ruber
in proportion to the size of the creature, pointed ; a lateral spine on
each side, almost as long as the rostrum, and very slightly diver-
ging. Eyes small, m-set, and between the rostrum and lateral
spines. The longer antennae on a peduncle about the length of
the rostrum, the thread very fine. Along the middle plate of the
caudal portion a depression, as if it were divided ; very slight hair
bordering the side plates. The first or anterior leg very slender,
with a very small moveable finger ; the second leg having the inner
joint slender, the second compressed, small ; the hand large, wide,
stout, but much less massive than in A. ruber ; the finger stout,
and not long. The hindmost leg long, slight, and feeble. The
left hand in both specimens the larger ; the right corresponding
hand small. Colour of the larger example a beautiful reddish-
orange, dark on the region of the stomach; of the smaller
specimen pale white. It appears to be the habit of this species,
as of the A. ruber, so to gather up and place its first and slen-
derer pair of claw-legs as if they were situated behind the second
or larger pair, — a circumstance which appears to have misled some
naturalists into the opinion that the larger legs were truly the
first in order.

POISONOUS EFFECT OF THE LIVEB OF A DIODON. 213

Ou tlie Poisonous Effect of a small portion of the Liver of a
Diodon inhabiting the Seas of Southern Africa.

[Read June 7th, I860.]

The fatal consequences of eating certain Toad-fishes have long
been locally knowai, and are mentioned in general terms in ichthyo-
logical works ; but well-authenticated and precise statements of
the facts are so rare, that I hope the Society will allow the accom-
panying documents to be entered iu their ' Proceedings.'

These cases have been briefly noticed in a treatise on ichthyo-
logy published in the last edition of the ' Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica ;' but it is desirable that the whole evidence should be placed
on record.

The Toad-fish of the Cape is a Diodon, though Dr. Jameson,
not being a practical ichthyologist, has suggested other names.

John Eichaedson.

London, 11th May, 1860.

Extract of a Letter from Mr. H. Jameson, Surgeon, M.JST., H.M.
Ship Winchester, Simon''s Bay, Ca/pe of Good Hope, dated \st
Oct., 1845. Addressed to Sir Wm. Burnett, F.B.S., Director-
General of the Naval Medical Department.

" I beg leave to submit an account of the cases, with the post
mortem examination, and a translation from the German of the
symptoms, as furnished me by the surgeon of the brig, observed in
two men belonging to the Dutch brig of war ' Postilion,' who were
rapidly killed by eating the liver of a poisonous fish, known at the
Cape by the name of the Toad- or Bladder-fish. I have preserved
specimens of the fish.

" Since this occurrence I have made inquiries among several
intelligent people here, from which I find that several fatal acci-
dents have formerly occurred from the same cause, and that
animals, more especially pigs, who pick up these fish when cast on
shore by the surf, are frequently poisoned by them."

" H.M. Sliip ' Winchester,' Simon's Bay,
10th September, 1815.

"About 12'' 40" P.M. on the 4th of September, my assistance
was requested on boai-d the Dutch brig of war ' Postilion,' on
account of two men (the boatswain's mate and purser's steward),

214 MR. JAMESON ON THE POISONOUS EEEECT

wlio were said to have been poisoued by eating part of a well-known
deleterious fish, common in Simon's Bay.

" I immediately repaired on board, taking with me some svd-
phate of zinc ; but on my arrival, about 12'' 45"", found that both
men had expired some minutes before. The countenances were
collapsed and pallid, covered with cold perspiration ; lips livid ;
pupils moderately dilated ; joints still flexible, and limbs relaxed.
The symptoms as described to me were, pain and burning sensa-
tion at the epigastrium ; constriction and spasm of the fauces and
muscles of deglutition ; rigidity of the tendons, commencing in
the fingers and toes ; great anguish and distress about the prae-
cordia; rapidly supervening coma, convulsions terminating the
scene in one of them. Although vomiting had taken place only
in one of the men, there seemed to have been an attempt at it in the
other, as ejected matter filled his mouth and flowed from it : this,
indeed, was the case with both ; but, as will appear from the post
mortem examination, vomiting in either case must have been very
partial, as the stomachs were still distended with food. It is said
to have been the liver of a single fish that was eaten : it is known
in Simon's Bay by the name of the Toad-fish {Aplodactylus pimc-
tatiis ? or Tetraodon, Cuvier) . It seems they were aware, or had
been warned, that the fish was poisonous, but were resolved to
try the experiment, — the boatswain asserting that the liver was not
so, but rather considered a delicacy. This fish is from 6 to 8 inches
long, and the liver may have weighed about 4 drachms. Dinner
had been piped to at twelve o'clock, after finishing which the fatal
morsel was cooked ; this could not have been sooner than twenty
minutes after twelve o'clock ; at 12'' 45°' I got on board, at which
time life had been extinct for some minutes ; so that the period
from the taking of the poison until death could not have exceeded
twenty minutes.

" After the fatal issue was generally known among the ship's
company, the cook, who had fried the liver for the others, came
forward, and said that he had eaten a small portion which had
adhered to tlie bottom of the pan, and complained of dryness of
the fauces and unpleasant sensations in the stomach ; but his pulse
remained firm, and he had no alarming symptoms. He was natu-
rally very much frightened, from which I am inclined to think
that his sensations were either occasioned by alarm, or at all
events much exaggerated thereby. It was thought prudent to
give him an emetic of the zinc, sulph., after the operation of which,

OF THE LITEfi OF A DIODON. 215

smaU quantities of brandy and ammonia were exhibited, after
which he fell asleep and awoke perfectly well.

" Sept. 5th. — A^ post mortem examination was made to-day. The
bodies exhibited no unusual appearance. There was purple lividity
in the depending parts, but not to a remarkable degree. Masti-
cated and partly digested food, rejected from the stomach or
gullet, flowed from the movith. The stomach and heart of the
purser's steward were examined more particularly, but only the
stomach of the boatswain.

" The sui'face of the thoracic and abdominal viscera iu both
appeared perfectly healthy. The stomachs were externally natural,
moderately distended with food ; they contained a quantity of
pultaceous food, nearly wholly reduced to the state of chyme.
Some had already passed tbe pylorus. This matter also pervaded
the gullet, as if there had been an attempt at rejection. There
was no vestige observed of anything like the poisonous substance
which had been swallowed. The mucous membrane surrounding
the cardiac orifice was of a deep purple colour — in the first case
higlily congested, which appearance extended some way along the
lesser arch, gradually diminishing as it receded from the cardiac
orifice ; minute ramifications of vessels were studded over this
part of the stomach, and on the ridge at the commencement of
the greater arch. Perhaps this state of congestion was not much
greater, even in the first case, than it would be in a healthy
stomach during the first process of digestion, but it was more
remarkable from the dark colour of the blood. In the right ven-
tricle of the heart there was a fibrinous clot, with a small quantity
of dark fluid blood ; the left ventricle was also moderately dis-
tended with dark fluid blood ; the muscular substance of the heart
was natural, and the muscular tissue throughout seemed firm,
florid, and healthy.

(Signed) " Hugh Jameson, Surgeon."

" The following is a translation from the German of the symp-
toms, as furnished to me by the surgeon of the ' Postilion ' : —

" ' J. Kleinhaus, boatswaiu's mate, thirty-two years of age, and
J. Hansen, purser's steward, forty -three years of age, had partaken
at dinner-time, about twelve o'clock (in addition to ihe usual
ship's fare), of the liver of a fish. Scarcely ten minutes had
elapsed when I was called upon to afibrd medical assistance to
both, and observed the following symptoms. J. Kleinhaus lay
between decks, and could not raise himself without the greatest

216 ON THE POISONOUS ErPECT OE THE LITER OF A DIODON.

exertion ; his face was somewliat fluslied ; his eyes glisteniBg, and
pupils rather contracted ; his mouth was open, and, as the muscles
of the pharynx were drawTi together by cramp, the saliva flowed
from it ; the lips were tumid and somewhat blue ; the forehead
covered with perspiration; the pidse quick, small, and intermittent.
The patient was extremely uneasy and in great distress, but was
still conscious. With great difficulty he related that he had par-
taken of the liver of the fish ; complained of pain from constriction
of the fauces and gullet, together with great uneasiness in the
region of the stomach ; and at this time there appeared an inclina-
tion to vomit. The patient begged most earnestly for speedy
relief. A powder containing one grain of Tartarus stihiatus and
five grains pulv. rad. Ijyecac. was immediately administered to
him, which, however, was rejected in a few minutes. It was with
great difficulty he could swallow the powder and the accompanying
warm water. The state of the patient quickly assumed a paralytic
form ; his eyes became fixed in one direction ; his breathing became
difficult, and was accompanied with dilatation of the nostrils ; his
face became pale and covered with cold perspiration; his lips livid;
his consciousness and ptdse failed ; his rattling respiration finally
ceased. The patient died scarcely seventeen minutes after par-
taking of the liver of the fish. During this rapid course there was
no full vomiting, the powder given him for that purpose having
no efiect.

" ' Almost the same symptoms, following each other with equal
rapidity, appeared in J. Hansen ; vomiting ensued even before an
emetic was administered to him. A powder similar to that already
mentioned, together with abundance of warm water, was, however,
exhibited; the vomiting was repeated, and the patient after a
second powder vomited for the third time. He was stiU conscious,
and said that he felt easier, expressing at the same time some
hope ; the pulse became softer ; the vomiting was again repeated ;
but in a few moments a single convulsive movement in the arms
ensued, whereupon the pulse disappeared, and the livid tongue
was protruded from between the lips. His death took place about
one minute later than that of his messmate.

(Signed) " ' Julius Hellmuth.' "

OS THE HABITS OF A SPECIES OF AUSTBALIAN ANT. 217

The following Account of the Habits of a Species of Australian
Ant is extracted from a letter from Sydnej^, New South Wales,
written by Mrs. Lewis Hutton, and communicated through
EoBEET Patterson, Esq., by the Seceetaet.

[Read April 5th, I860.]

" One very hot and cloudless day, when not a breath of air stirred
the leaves, my eldest boy (four years old), coming up from the
beach fatigued and hot, threw himself on a grassy mound near
where I was sitting, and remained quietly enjoying the rest and
anticipating the pleasure he would have in showing to his sister
the pretty shells and corals he had found. I was startled by a
sudden scream, such as one only gives when in terrible pain; a
snake was my first thought, and in horror I went to the child,
but was at once reassured on seeing him covered by ' Soldier
Ants,' on whose nest he had unwittingly lain down. Some of
the insects still clung on with their forceps and stung my poor
boy, who roared with pain at every fresh attack, whilst I killed
tliem as fast as I could, assisted by the nurse. At length all were
removed, about twenty being left dead on the ground. Going to
see the little fellow bathed with something to ease the pain, I was
absent about half an hour, and then returned to the same place,
when I saw a large number of the Ants surrounding the dead
ones. Being fond of natural history and having read much con-
cerning the instinct of Ants, I determined to watch them closely
now. At least four ran off very quickly, and I followed them
until I saw them enter a hillock containing an Ants' nest which
we had, in vain, tried to get rid of on account of the annoyance
caused by their close vicinity to our sitting tent. They remained
here about five minutes, when a number more came out two by
two, and proceeded slowly to the place where their dead com-
panions lay. Here they seemed to wait for something ; and pre-
sently we saw coming from the other side near the creek a number
surpassing those I had followed, and halting in the same place.
Then two Ants took up one of the dead ones and marched off,
followed by two others as mourners, then two others entered the
procession with a second dead Ant, succeeded, in the same way,
by another pair, and so on until all the dead were taken up, a
number of, I should think, 200 bringing up the rear.

" Following the train, I found that the two empty-handed fol-
lowers relieved their fellows in advance, the latter falling behind
in the place of those who relieved them, and thus continuing to

LINN. PBOC. — ZOOLOGY. 15

218 PROF. J. R. GEEEKE ON THE MUTUAL RELATIONS

alternate from time to time. They had uow gone a considerable
distance towards the sea-side when they stopped at a sandy hillock,
where those who marched in the rear of the procession commenced
operations by making holes, but I soon observed that only about
half the number took part in this employment. When a sufficient
number of graves had been dug, the dead bodies were laid in them,
and I found that those Ants which had hitherto stood idle were
deputed to cover them in. About six would not stir from their
places, and on these the others fell and killed them, whereupon
they made a single large pit at a distance from the other graves,
into which all the six were put and duly covered up. The Ants
then all paired off and marched back to the scene of slaughter,
where they remained together for a few minutes, when each com-
pany left for their own habitation.

" The observation of this curious proceeding gave me great
pleasure ; and I had frequent opportunities afterwards of seeing
the insects act much in the same way. If one of the ' workers,'
however (who are much smaller than the rest), were killed, it was
buried where it fell, and no friends attended the funeral."

On the Mutual Relations of the Cold-blooded Vertebrata. By
J. Eeat Greene, B.A., Professor of Natural History in the
Queen's College, Cork, &c. Commimicated by G. Busk, Esq.,
Sec. L.S.

[Read June 21st, I860.]

J'rofessor Owen, in a paper read at the late Meeting of the
British Association at Aberdeen, brought forward a new classifica-
tion of the Reptiles, in which he sovight to embody the results of
a long-continued series of observations on several extinct forms of
the group. To those who are not familiar with the arrangement
referred to, the following summary of its leading features, here
presented in the somewhat condensed form of an analytical table,
may prove, perhaps, not unacceptable.

Key to Professor Owen's arrangement o/'Reptilia.

J "With post-orbitals and supra-temporals 2.

I No post-orbitals and supra-temporals 4.

fPleurapophyses short and straight. No occipital condyle.
Head defended b}' ganoid plates .... Ord. Ganocephala.
Pleurapophyses long and bent 3.

or THE COLD-BLOODED VERTEB^ATA. 219

'Two occipital condyles. Teeth presenting a peculiar complex

„ I arrangement of the cement .... Ord. LABYBiXTHODOif tia.

One occipital condyle. Limbs natatory, with more tlaan five

digits. Orbit very large Orel. Ichthtopteetoia.

(Two occipital condyles. Pleurapophyses short and straight.
No scales or scutes. Larvse with gills . . Ord. Batrachia.
One occipital condyle. Larvae without gills 5.

{Body covered with a double shield, formed of both the exo-
skeleton and endo-skeletou Ord. Chelonia.
Dermal armour, wlien present, formed wholly of the exo-skele-
ton, and never presenting the form of a double shield. ... 6.

(Limbs not visible. No sacrum. Vertebras very numerous, with
a single transverse process on each side . . Ord. Ophidia.
Limbs present, with not more than five digits 7.

{Anterior limbs formed for flight. Bones light, hollow, with
air-cells OrS. Pterosaurta.
Limbs ambulatory or natatory 8.

o J Sacral vertebrae never exceeding two 9.

\ Sacral vertebrae three or more 11.

r Eibs bifurcate. One external nostril. Anterior trunk- vertebrae
„ J Avith two transverse processes. Skin protected by bony

1 scales Ord. Crocodilia*.

[ Eibs with simple heads. Two external nostrils 10.

'Vertebrae flat, or somewliat biconcave. Limbs natatory.

Ord. Saueoptebygii.

Vertebrae, in most, procoelian, with a single transverse process

on each side. Limbs ambulatory .... Ord, Lacebtilia.

{Sacral vertebrae three. Teeth with compressed crowns ; sharp,
serrate ; in distinct sockets. Vertebrae biconcave.
Ord. Thecodontia.
Sacral vertebrae more than three 12,

(Vertebrae biconcave. Teeth absent or represented by a pair
of tusks Ord. Akomodontia.
Vertebrae flat or concavo-convex. Limbs ambulatory, long
and strong. Teeth numerous Ord. Dinosaubia.

Professor Owen, on the same occasion, gave it as his opinion
that the Pishes, Amphibians, and true Eeptiles ought properly to
be united into one class, for which he proposed the title of Haemato-
crya. AU the various forms cited in the above Table were re-
garded, under the general denomination of Eeptiles, as a sub-class
of this great division.

Here two propositions are enunciated which call for the adop-
* Of this group there arc three sub-ordersi, Amphicoelia, Opistlwceelia, and
Procoelia.

15*

10 <

220 PEOF. J. B. OEEENE ON THE MUTUAL EELATIOKS

tiou of important changes in our present systems : — one, that the
Amj)hibians do not form a natural class, distinct from the E^eptiles
proper; the other, that between Fishes and Amphibians there
exists no definite line of separation. On each of these heads it is
proposed to offer a few brief remarks. And first, as to the rela-
tionship between Amphibians and Eeptiles.

Most zoologists will probably admit that the characters which
seem to separate Fishes from Amphibians are of a far less funda-
mental nature, though apparently more striking, than those which
distinguish the latter from Reptiles rightly so-called. Fishes and
Amphibians agree in certain well-known featiu-es, wherein they
differ from all other Vertebrates. Both possess gills, which some
Amphibians and all Fishes retain during the entire period of their
lives. Both, moreover, are equally destitute of amnion and allan-
tois. Furthermore, as Prof. Huxley has pointed out*, the hyoidean
and mandibular arches are, in these groups, " suspended by a pedicle
or suspensorium, which is, to a certain extent, common to both ;"
whereas in Reptiles and all remaining Vertebrates, the proximal
ends of the two arches are quite distinct. In sliort, the true Rep-
tiles possess in common the following series of characters by whicli
they may, without difficulty, be distinguished from Amphibians : —

1. They are without gills.

2. They are provided with an amnion and allantois.

3. They do not exhibit those changes after birth which are so
characteristic of most recent Amphibia.

4. Their tegumentary system presents peculiar features.

5. They possess a single occipital condyle.

6. As in other abranchiate Vertebrates, " the proximal end of the
hyoidean arch is quite distinct from that of the mandibular
arch."

It seems scarcely necessary to add that the names of Agassiz f,
Von BaerJ, Bell§, Van Beneden||, De Blainville^, Carpenter**,

* See his Croonian Lecture, " On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull," in
Proceedings of the Eoyal Society, November 18, 1858.

t Essay on Classification. London, 1859.

X Ucber Entwickelungsgcscliichte der Tliiere. Konigsberg, 1828.

§ History of British Reptiles, second edition. London, 1849.

II In several of his works. See, however, his ' Zoologie Medicale,' published
in conjunction with Grervais. Paris, 1859.

IF De I'organisation des Animaux. Paris, 1822.

** In many of his works, but most recently in his ' Animal Physiology,'
new edition. London, 1859.

OF THE COLD-BLOODED VEHTEBRATA. 221

Mibie-Edwards*, Huxley t, M'Leay |, Vogt§, and otlier naturalists
of at'kuovvledged competeucy, miglit all be cited iu favour of the
view here advocated.

It is indeed true that we know not the embryology of the
extinct genera Lahyrinthodon and Archegosaurus ; but negative
evidence of this kind can scarcely be said to have much value. A
more valid objection is, that the exo-skeleton of some undoubted
Reptiles (for example, Iclitliyosaurus) exhibits certain characters iu
common both with Amphibians and true Tishes ; yet these cha-
racters are overborne by others to which greater weight must still
be attached. Persons prone to speculation will doubtless imagiue
fossil skeletons presenting features intermediate between those of
the two groups whose affinities are now imder consideration. Such
extinct forms may exist, but they have not yet found a place in any
osteological museum.

The second of the two preceding propositions, namely, the pos-
sibility of distinguishing between Amphibians and true Fishes, now,
in its turn, claims our attention.

Before the recognition of such genera as Lepidosiren and Arche-
gosaurus, this question would not have appeared one of much
difficulty ; but the cautious zoologist of our own day hesitates
before answering it in definite terms.

Admitting, with Professor Owen, that the skeleton of Arcliego-
saurus indicates the nearer affinity of its possessor to the Pereuni-
branchiate Batrachians than to any known Fish, and dismissing,
therefore, that singular genus from the category of animals whose
class is doubtful, the above question may be re-stated thus : — Wliat
conclusion must be drawn from a careful consideration of the
totality of organization presented by Le^idosii^en ?

It is lumecessary here to recapitulate at length those great
facts in the anatomy of Leindosiren with which zoologists in
general are familiar. Let it suffice to notice briefly most of those
peculiarities which seem to bear on its disputed affinities.

The scaly covering of Le])idosiren, the structure and appearance
of the greater part of its skeleton, the relative positions of the anal
and lu-o-genital apertures, the conspicuous lateral line, and the

* ' Zoologie.' Huiti^me edition. Paris, 1858.

t Seethe second of his *' Lectures on General Natiu'al History," pubhshcd iiv
the Medical Times and Gazette, May 17, 1856.
X Horce Entomological. London, 1819-21.
§ Zoologischo Briefe. Fraukfui-t am Main, 1851.

222 PROF. J. K. GUEENE ON THE MUTUAL EELATIONS

mucous ducts ou the head are among tlie most prominent of its
piscine tendencies.

Several characters, also, are presented by Lepidosiren, which,
although more or less ichthyic, are not inconsistent with the notion
of its being an Amphibian. These, with scarcely an exception, are
as follows : —

1. The presence of an intestinal spiral valve. As Professor
Owen* has remarked, "there is good evidence that the
intestine of the Ichthyosaurus was provided with a spiral
valve, yet it is not on that account regarded as a Fish."

2. The persistent notochord.

3. The absence of occipital condyles. This and the preceding
condition occur also in Archegosaurus.

4. The arrangement of the muscular system. On this head
Professor Owen justly observes, " that although the muscles
of the trunk are quite fish-like in their disposition, yet
the lower Perennibranchians and the larvae of the higher
Batrachia ofler a similar agreement in this part of their
organization to the class of Fishes." He adds also that
the muscles of the mandibular, hyoidean, branchial, and
scapular arches " resemble in some points the arrangement
of the same muscles in the Perennibranchians, and in other
points that in the true Fishes."

5. The simple structure of the auditory apparatus. A like
organization of the same parts may be seen among the
Perennibranchians .

6. The conditions of the generative organs. Professor Owen
has shown that " the structure of these organs in the Lepido-
siren, while it shows its near affinity to the Reptiles, by no
means proves that it is not a Fish."

7. The structure of the teeth. These are said to " differ from
any known dental apparatus in the class of Fishes in the
modifications of the working surface, which at once adapt
them for piercing, cutting, and crushing."

8. The bipartite cellular air-bladder or lung. ISTo comment
seems needed on the significance of this apparatus, which, in
spite of its highly developed condition, bears so close a
resemblance to the air-bladder of the Ganoids ; in fimction,
however, the au'-bladder of Lepidosiren is more truly a lung
than that of Amia or any other Fish.

* Description of the Lepidosiren anitectens, Linuean Transactions, 1841.

OP THE COLD-BLOODED VEBTEBRATA. 223

9. The enclosure of the gills and branchial arches in a branchial
chamber. Professor Owen reminds us that "the larva of the
tailless Batrachian presents at one period of its existence a
similar structure."

10. The external appearance and habits of the living animal.
The mode in which the Zepidosircn (several healthy specimens
of which have, within the last few years, been received from
Africa) comes to the surface of the water to breathe, and the
use which the animal makes of its anomalous limbs, are indeed
suggestive of its amphibian affinities, though very insufficient
to prove them.

On the other hand, the structure of the brain in Lejndosireny
its external branchise, the presence of a distinct left auricle, and
of posterior nares, must be viewed as strongly indicative, to say
the least, of its amphibian nature.

Supposing Lepidosiren to be an Amphibian, few would hesitate
to place it among the Perennibranchiaus ; but there is no single
group of the class of Pishes with which it manifests an equal rela-
tionship.

It is further to be observed, that when Professor Owen \ATote
his "Description of the Zepidosircn anneetens,'' he was \inac-
quainted with the subsequently constituted genus Archegosmmis,
in which a persistent notochord and the absence of occipital con-
dyles are associated with unquestionable amphibian characters.
Moreover, the heart of Lepidosiren has since been proved to possess
two auricles, and its nasal sacs have ceased to be accounted blind.

Although it may fairly be inferred that Lepidosiren is more like
the Perennibranchiate Batrachians than any known group of Pishes,
yet its strongly marked ichthyic characters forbid our receiving this
conclusion without considerable qualification. Had Lepidosiren
been only known in a fossil state, what anatomist would have
scrupled to place it in the class of Fishes ?

If, then, we admit the amphibian affinities of Lepidosiren, and
acknowledge also its evident iclithyic relations, the conclusion
deducible from the foregoing considerations may be stated tlius : —

It is possible to define the limits between two great groups or
classes of Branchiate Vertebrates. These classes are confessedly
artificial. Lepidosir^en may have its place on the Amphibian side
of the boundary.

If Lepidosiren be not an Amphibian, the union of Pisces and
Amphibia into one class becomes inevitable. Such a class might
receive the name of Anallantoidea.

224 PEOF. J. B. GREENE ON THE MUTUAL BELATIONS

l'\ has been well said that the characters of groups are only a
declaration of their prevailing tendencies. " Botanists," writes
Mr. Bentham (and his words apply .with equal force to the
zoologist), " cannot be so mathematically exact as geographers ;
and where an isthmus is very narrow, we must class the peninsula
with the island. How often does it happen that two large orders,
say of 500 to 2000 or 3000 species, totally distinct from each other
in all those species by a series of constant characters, are yet con-
nected by some small isolated genus of a dozen, half a dozen, nay,
a single species, in which these very characters are so inconstantj
uncertain, or variously combined as to leave no room for the strait
through which we ought to navigate between the two islands!"
In like manner, it might be said that JLepidosiren and A7'chego-
saurus form two very narrow but short bridges, which lead from
the low-lying country of Fishes to the higher ground of the
Amphibians.

To the preceding remarks it has been thought desirable to
append analytical arrangements of the three primary groups of
cold-blooded Vertebrata, each of these, for convenience of reference,
being regarded as a separate class.

Under Beptilia* may be included the four orders usually ad-
mitted by zoologists, together with most of the extinct orders de-
fined by Professor Owen. The claim of CrocodiUa to be viewed as
a distinct order, though founded on jvist grounds, is not universally
recognized.

To AmpJiibiaf may be referred the extinct orders Ganocephala
and Lahyrintliodontia, together with all the recent HatrachiaX-
These last, however, constitute more than a single order, even in
the opinion of those, such as Stannius and Van der Hoeven, who

* The terms Pholidota (Merrem), Monojpnoa (Fitzinger), and Haplopnoa
(Van der Hoeven) are synomymous with Reptilia m its proi^er signification.

t Smce the time of Limieus, who placed all the cold-blooded Vertebrates,
except the osseous Fishes, in liis class Amphibia, some natm'aUsts have contmued
to use this term in a very general sense, so as to include both the true Amphi-
bians and the ReptUes. The late Prince Bonaparte (in liis " New Systematic
Arrangement of Vertebrate Animals," Linn. Trans. 1841) and Stannius (Hand-
buch der Zootomie der Wirbelthiere, zweiter TheU, zweite Auflage, BerUn, 1856)
may be cited, among the moderns, as examples. Dipiioa (F. S. Leuckart) and
Diplopnoa (Van der Hoeven) are synonyms of Amphibia proper.

J The term Batrachia is most frequently employed as synonymous with
Amphibia ; but Stannius, Van Beneden, and Gervais restrict its application to
the Anura,

OF THE COLD-BLOODED VEETEBllATA. 225

do uot hesitate to associate them with the true E-eptiles. It is
still disputed whether the Perennibranchians should be separated
from tlie other tailed forms, to constitute an additional order*.
On the whole it seems best to follow Agassiz, Dumeril and
Bibronf, Stannius, and Van der Hoeven|, in regarding Anura,
Sosuraov SaurobatracMa^, and Ophiomorpha or CcecilicE'^ as three
well-marked orders of recent Amphihia. Lastly, a sixth order
may be reserved for Lepidosiren.

For Pishes, no doubt can exist as to the propriety of adopting
the classification of J. Miiller, his subclass Dipnoi being of course
excluded, if Lepidosiren be placed with the Ampliibia. The recent
recommendation of Professor Agassiz, to divide Fishes into four
separate classes, advocates changes of too radical a nature to be
hastily adopted.

Class EEPTILIA.
One occipital condyle. No gills. An amnion and allantois. Two
auricles. Proximal ends of liyoidean and mandibular arches
distinct from one another .

("With post-orb itals and supra-temporals, Limbs natatory,
with more than five digits Ord. Ichthyopteiiygii.
No post-orbitals, and supra-tcmporals 2.

' Limbs absent or very imperfect. Vertebrae veiy numerous,
procoelian, with a single transverse process on each side.

No sacrimi. Eyelid immobile Ord. Ophidia^.

Limbs present 3.

2^

* This has been done by MUne-Edwards, Van Bcneden and Gervais, and
Prmce Bonaparte. Mihie-Edwards recognizes four orders oi Amphibia, namely,
Amt/ra, Urodela, PerennihrancJuata, and Ccecilia ; with which the Batrachla,
Salamandria, Pseudo-salamandrla, and Ccecilia of Van Beneden and Grervais
are, respectively, equivalent. Pi-mce Bonaparte, however, has placed the two
first of these divisions in a single ordinal group, Ranee.

t Erpetologie generale, ou Histoire naturolle complete des EeptUes. Paris,
1834-1855.

X See the English translation of his Ilandbook of Zoology, by tlie Rev. Prof.
Clark. London, 1858.

§ Caudata of Vogt ; Urodela of Dumeril and Bibron, also of Stannius, who
divides this group into tlu-ee suborders — Ferennibranchiata, Derotremaia
(Amphiuma, Menoponia), and Myciodera (Triton, Salamandra). The Urodela
of Milne-Edwards uiclude only the second and thhd of these divisions.

II Peromela, Dumeril and Bibron ; Batrachophidii, Bonaparte ; G-ymuo-
phiona, Miiller and Stannius ; Apoda, Vogt,

1[ Serpents which pi'esent traces of limbs and sternum may be distinguished
from Sauriaus by theii* immobile eyelid and want of tympanic cavity. Thus

4

226 PROP. J. R. GREENE ON THE MUTUAL RELATIONS

{Anterior limbs formed for flight. Bones light, hollow, with
air-cells Ord. Pteeosaubia.
Limbs ambulatory or natatory 4.

{Body covered with a double shield, formed of both the exo-
skeleton and eudo-skeleton Ord. Chelonia.
Dermal armour, when present, formed wholly of the exo-skele-
ton and never presenting the form of a dou ble shield. . 5.

_ J Sacral vertebrae never exceeding two 6.

I Sacral vertebrae three or more 8.

Eibs bifurcate. One external nostril. Anterior trunk-vertebraa
■ftdtli two transverse processes. Skin protected by bony
scutes Ord. Crocodilia.

Eibs with simple heads. Two external nostrils 7.

r Vertebrae flat or somewhat biconcave. Limbs natatory.
I Ord. Sauboptervgii.

7 < Vertebrae, in most, procoeliau, with a single transverse process
1 on each side. Limbs ambulatory .... Ord. Lacertilia, s.
^ Sauria.

f Sacral vertebrae three. Teeth with compressed crowns ; sharp,
t, I serrate ; in distinct sockets. Vertebrae biconcave.
I Ord. Thecodontia.
[ S^acral vertebrae four or more 9.

{Vertebrae biconcave. Teeth absent or represented by a pair
of tusks Ord. Anomodontia.
Vertebrae flat or concavo-convex. Limbs ambulatory, long and
strong. Teeth numerous Ord. Dinosauria.

Class AMPHIBIA.

Occipital condyles two in mimler, or absent. No amnion or al-
lantois. Proximal ends of hyoidean and mandibular arches sus-
pended by a covimon pedicle. Gills and lungs. Heart, in most,
with two auricles.

, f No occipital condyle. Notochord persistent 2.

\ Two occipital condyles 3,

r Limbs many -jointed, without digits. Opercular bones.
2 J . Ord. Lepidota.

I Limbs with foirr digits. Post-orbitals and supra-temporals.
[ Head defended by ganoid plates .... Ord. Ganocephala.

also may we distinguish between Serpents and those Saiirians in which hmbs
are absent. See, on these pomts, the work of Van der Hoeven, ah-eady re-
ferred to.

OF THE COLD-BLOODED VEETEBEATA. 227

r Post-orbitals and siipra-temporals. Pleurapopbyses long and
1 bent. Teeth presenting a complex arrangement of the

3 < cement Ord. Labteinthodontia.

No post-orbitals, and supra-temp orals. Pleurapopbyses short
V and straight 4.

. r Peet absent. Body anguiform Ord. Ophiomoepha.

\ Feet present 5.

- r Tail persistent Ord. Sozuea.

\ Tail deciduous Ord. Anuea.

Class PISCES.

JBreatliing iy gills only. In some, a sivimming-hladder morpJio-
locfically representing, hut not performing tlie function of a true
lung. One auricle. No amnion or allantois. Hyoidean and
mandibular arches attached as in Amphibia.

, r "Without jaws 2.

\ With jaws . 4.

2 f Heart absent. Suhclassl. Leptocardii, Ord. 1. Amphioxini.
I Heart distinct. Subclass 2. Cyclostomi 3.

3

Palate perforate Ord. 1. Htpeeoteeti.

Palate imperforate Ord. 2. Htpeeoaetii.

' Arterial trunk with a muscular layer and numerous valves.
The optic nerves form a chiasma. Intestine furnished with

a spiral valve 5.

4<^ Ai-terial trunk •without muscular layer and having but two
valves. The optic nerves decussate but do not form a chiasma.
No intestine spiral valve. Opercula and free gills. Skeleton
perfectly osseous. Subclass 5. Teleostei 9.

{Gills adherent. No opercula.
Subclass 3. Elasmobranchii, s. Selachii 6.
Opercula and free gills. Subclass 4. Ganoidei 8.

{ Branchiae not fixed by their outer margin, with a single aper-
ture on each side Ord. 1. Holocepuali,
Branchiae adherent by their outer margin, with several aper-
tiu-es on each side Ord. 2. Plagiostomi. . 7.

r Branchial apertures on the neck below. Eyelids connate with

- J eyes, or absent Subord. 1. Eaiidie.

] Branchial apertures at sides of neck. Eyelids distinct, with
[ free margin Subord. 2. Squalidae.

n J Skeleton cartilaginous Ord. 1. Chondeostei.

I Skeleton osseous Ord. 2. Holostei.

228 MUTUAL EELATIONS OF COLD-BLOODED TEKTEBEATA.

9^

' Exo-skeleton witli bony scutes, or with roiigli scales or
spines 10.

Exo-skeleton, in most, with ctenoid or cycloid scales. Bran-
chiae pectinate 11.

r Branchiae clustered. Body elongate. . Orel. 1. Lophobranchii.

10 \ Branchiaj pectinate. Body short. Maxillaries connate mth

[ pre-maxillaries Orel. 2. Plectognathi.

{Swimmiug-bladder with air-duct. All the fin-rays, except some-
times the first, soft, jointed . . Orel. 3. 'Phtsostomi. . 12.
Swimming-bladder without air- duct 13.

, o J Ventral fins absent r Suiord. 1. P. Apodes.

I Yentral fins on abdomen Subord. 2. P. Abdomiuales.

, o f Lower hyoid bones united. . . . Ord. 4. Phaetngognathi 14.
\ Lower hyoid bones distinct 15,

(All the fin-rays, except sometimes the first, soft, jointed.
Subord. 1. P. Malacopterygii.
Anterior fin-rays hard, unjointed.
Subord. 2. P. Acauthopterygii.

I Pin-rays soft, jointed. Ventrals beneath pectorals, or absent.

^ _ J Ord. 5. Anacanthini.

I Anterior fin-rajs hard, unjointed. Ventrals usually beneath,

(^ or before, pectorals Ord. 6. Acanthopteei.

In the above arrangement, the relative positions of the orders
as indicated by Miiller have been carefully maintained *.

* Miiller establishes a sixth subclass {Dipnoi) for the Lepidosiren. A
further contribution to our knowledge of this genus has just been made by Dr.
E. M'DonneU (see Natural History Eeview, April, 1860). The large size of
the blood-disks hi Lej^idosiren, the general arrangement of its circulatory
apparatus, audits power of emitting vocal sounds are in this memoh referred to
among other proofs of its near affinity to the Ampliibia. Dr. M'Donuell cou-
fii'ms the biaui'icular character of the heart and the presence of posterior nares.
These observations were based on the examination of eight specimens of L. an-
nectens. To this paper a note has been appended by Professor Melville, who
strongly contends for the Ampliibian natui-e of the genus, which he proposes
to place between the Ferennibranchiaia and Derotremata of Stannius.

CATALOGUE OF NEW GUINEA DIPTEROUS INSECTS. 229

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Dorey, New
Guinea, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
Species. By Prancis Walker, Esq., P.L.S.

[Eead June 21st, I860.]

Earn. CULICIDJE, Haliday.

Greu. CuLEX, Linn.

1. Ciilex obturbans, Walk. See vol. iv. p. 91.

2. CuLEX ZONATIPES, n. s. Mos. Fernigineus, pedibus fusois, femo-
ribus basi pallidis, genubus tarsoruraque fasciis quatuor albis, alls
cinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.

Very nearly allied to C. impatibilis (vol. iv. p. 91), but distinct.

Male. Ferruginous; proboscis about half the length of the body; legs
brown ; femora pale at the base ; knees white ; tarsi with four broad
white bands ; wings cinereous ; veins black, fringed. Length of the
body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

3. CuLEX FiLii'ES, n. s. Fwm. Ferrugineus, capite abdomineque ni-
gris, pedibus nigricantibus longissimis, femoribus basi pallidioribus,
alis cinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.

Female. Ferruginous ; head and abdomen black ; proboscis less than
half the length of the body ; legs blackish, very long ; femora some-
what paler towards the base ; wings cinereous ; veins black, fringed.
Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Tarn. TIPULID^, Haliday.

Gen. LiMNOBiA, Meigen.

In the wings of the following species the subcostal is connected with the
radial by a transverse veinlet at its tip ; the apical veins are curved
towards their tips ; the 2nd externo-medial springs from the 1 st at
before one-third of its length, and is connected near its base with the
3rd by a transverse veinlet; the 3rd is connected in like manner with
the suhanal.

4. LiMNOBiA STRiGivENA, n. s. Mtts. Cinereo-ccrvina, thorace an-
tico attenuato, pedibus longissimis, femoribus fascia nigra subapicali,
tibiis apice nigricantibus, alis albidis longis angustis, venis pallide tes-
taceis nigro conferte fasciatis, halteribus albidis apice nigricantibus.

Male. Cinereous fawn-colour, slender ; head oblong ; antennae short ;
thorax attenuated in front ; legs testaceous, slender, very long ;

230 MR, walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

femora with a black subapical band ; tibiae with blackish tips ; wings
whitish, long, narrow ; veins pale testaceous with numerous black
bands ; halteres whitish with blackish tips. Length of the body 5-7
lines ; of the wings 16-20 lines.

The wing-veins of the following species are much like those of L. stri-
givena ; but the veinlet between the 2nd and 3rd externo-medial veins
is much nearer the base of the former.

5. LiMNOBiA auADRiFURCA, n. s. FcETO. Ccrvina, vix gracihs, an-
tennis nigricantibus pallido cinctis, thorace vittis quatuor piceis antice
connexis, abdomine vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus nigricantibus, femo-
ribus pallidis apice nigricantibus fascia subapicah pallida, tibiis basi
pallido fasciatis, alis pallide cinereis, costa fulva, venis pallide testaceis
nigro conferte cinctis, linea subapicali obliqua nigricante.

Female. Fawn-colour, hardly slender; antennae short, blackish, with
pale rings ; thorax with four piceous stripes, which are united and
form a piceous disk in front ; abdomen with a black dorsal stripe ;
legs blackish ; femora pale, blackish towards their tips, near which
there is a pale band ; tibiae with a pale band at the base ; wings pale
cinereous ; costa tawny ; veins pale testaceous, with very numerous
black rings ; an oblique blackish line at the base of the apical areolets.
Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

The wing-veins of the next species differ much from those of the two
preceding LimnobitB in structure, though the veins are slightly cui-ved
near the tip of the wing ; the veinlet which connects the cubital vein
with the 1st externo-medial vein is nearly opposite the veinlet which
connects the 1st and 3rd externo-medial veins and emits the 2nd.

6. LiMNOBiA PERDECORA, n. s. Mtts. Picca, breviuscula, sat robusta,
thorace antico perangusto, abdomine pallide testaceo apicem versus
nigro, pedibus piceis longis, femoribus testaceis apice nigricantibus,
alis fcrrugineis, costa fasciisque duabus nigricantibus, macula costali
subapicali nivea.

Male. Piceous, rather short and stout ; mouth prominent ; antennae
short, with the 1st joint long; thorax very narrow in front ; abdomen
pale testaceous, black towards the tip ; legs piceous, long, slender ;
femora testaceous, blackish at their tips ; wings ferruginous, irregularly
blackish along the costa, and with two irregular blackish bands which
converge hindward and enclose the transverse veinlets ; a snow-white
spot near the tip of the costa ; halteres pale testaceous. Length of
the body 7 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

7. LiMNOBiA TERMiNALis, u. s. Fosm. Ocliracea, capite iigro, ani-
tennis setaceis, thorace vitta lanceolata picea postice abbreviata guttis-
que duabus lateralibus nigris, abdomine fasciis duabus apiceque nigris,
pedibus nigris, femoribus basi ochraceis, alis fuscescenti-cinereis,
venis halteribusque nigris.

Female. Ochraceous ; head black ; smtennae short, setaceous ; thorax

COLLECTED AT DOBEY, NEAV GUINEA. 231

with a lanceolate piceous stripe which is abhreviated hindward, and
with a black dot on each side ; abdomen black towards the tip, and
with two black bands, one near the base, the other before the middle ;
legs black ; femora towards the base, and eoxsi, ochraceous ; wings
brownish cinereous ; veins and halteres black. Length of the body
5^ lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Gen. TiPULA, Linn.

8. TiPULA CONGRUENS, n. s. Fceju. Cioereo-fusca, oculis luridocinc-
tis, antennis setaceis setulosis, thoracis lateribus suturisque vittaque
fusco marginata ferrngineis, abdominis segmentis cinereo marginatis
apice ferrugineo, pedibus ferrugineis longissimis, tibiis tarsisque tes-
taceis, alis cinereis, costa lurida.

Female. Cinereous brown, pale cinereous beneath ; head lurid about
the eyes ; antennae short, setaceous, setulose ; thora.x ferruginous on
each side and along the sutures, and with a ferruginous stripe, which
is bordered with brown and is abbreviated hindward ; abdomen fer-
ruginous at the tip ; hind borders of the segments pale cinereous ;
legs ferruginous, slender, very long ; tibia; and tarsi testaceous ;
wings cinereous ; costa lurid ; veins black ; subanal vein towards the
tip, and the veinlet which connects it with the discal areolet, tinged
with brown. Length of the body 10 Unes; of the wings 24 lines.

Gren. PAcnxBHiNA, Macq.

9. Pachyrhina TRIPARTITA, n.s. Mas. Lutea, antennis nigris se-
taceis setosis basi luteis, thoracis disco, metathoracis fascia abbreviata,
abdominis apice pedibusque nigris, femoribus basi luteis, alis cinereis
apud costam luridis.

Male. Luteous ; antennae black, setaceous, setose, luteous at the base ;
disk of the thorax black, excepting the sutures ; metathorax with an
abbreviated black band ; abdomen black towards the tip ; legs black ;
femora towards the base, and coxae, luteous; wings cinereous, lurid
along the costa; veins and stigma black; subcostal vein thick.
Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Gen. Gynoplistia, Westw.

10. GvNOPLiSTiA FULViCEPS, u. s. F(em. Picea, capite fulvo, an-
tennis nigris pectinatis basi fulvis, abdomine ochraceo basi apiceque
nigris, pedibus nigris, femoribus ochraceis, alis cinereis, costa maculis
duabus costalibus fasciisque duabus exterioribus nigricantibus, halteri-
bus rufescentibus apice nigris.

Female. Piceous ; head tawny ; antennae black, monihform, pectinated,
tawny at the base, with 8 branches ; metathorax with two reddish
spots ; pectus with two testaceous streaks on each side ; abdomen
ochraceous, black at the base and towards the tip, which is reddish ;
legs black ; femora ochraceous, except at the base and towards the

232 MR. WALKETl's CATALOGUE OF DIPTEEOTTS INSECTS

tips ; wings cinereous, blackish along the costa, with two blackish
costal spots, and with two exterior blackish bands, of which the first
is abbreviated hindward, and the second is apical ; veins black, yellow
at the base ; halteres reddish, with black tips. Length of the body
5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Pam. STRATIOMID^, Haliday.

Geu. Pttlocera, Wied.

11. Ptilocera quadridentata, fFiec?. See vol. i. p. 7-

Gen. Stratiomts, Geoffr.

12. Stratiomys bifascia, n. s. Mas. Nigra, antennis basi flaves-
centibus, thoracis toniento anrato, abdominis margine fasciis duabus
ventre pedibusque flavescentibns, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis.

Male. Black; 1st and 2nd joints of the antennae yellowish, shorter
together than the flagellum, which ends in a short bent style ; thorax
with gilded tomentum ; abdomen shining — border, underside, and two
bauds yellowish ; legs yellowish ; wings limpid ; veins and halteres
whitish. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Clitellarta, Meigen.

13. Clitellaria obesa, n. s. Mas. Cserulescenti-nigra, crassa, an-
tennis rufesceutibus lanceolatis, thorace fasciis sex obliquis, abdominis
fasciis duabus apiceque argenteo pubescentibus, genubus tarsisque
ferrugineis, alis nigricantibus, halteribus albis.

Male. Bluish black, very thick ; antemiBe reddish, lanceolate, ending
in a short blackish style, as long together as the breadth of the head ;
thorax on each side with three oblique silvery pubescent bands ; scu-
tellum with silvery pubescence, which also forms two bands on the
abdomen, and covers the tip of the same ; legs black ; knees and tarsi
ferruginous; wings blackish, cinereous along the hind border and at
the tips ; veins black ; halteres white. Length of the body 4 lines ;
of the vnngs 7 lines.

Gen. Saegus, Fabr.

14. Sargus longipes, n. s. Mas. Cupreo-purpureus, capite antice
subtusque albido, antennis testaceis, abdomine basi albido, pedibus
longis albidis, tibiis posticis nigris, tarsis posticis niveis, alis cinereis,
halteribus albis.

Male. Cupreous purple ; head whitish in ft'ont and beneath ; antennae
testaceous ; thorax with a whitish callus along each side ; abdomen
whitish at the base ; legs long, whitish ; tips of the tarsi and hind
tibiffi black ; hind tarsi pure white, black at the base ; wings cinereous ;
veins black ; halteres white. Length of the body 5^ lines ; of the
wings 10 lines.

COLLECTED AT DORET, NEW ftUTNEA. 283

Gen. TiNDA, Walk.

15. TiNDA RECEDENS, n. s. Mos. Nigra, nitens, anteunis piceis basi
rufescentibus, pedibus halteribusque rufescentibus, femoribus posticis
extus apices versus nigricantibus, alis obscure ciiiereis apud costam
nigricantibus.

Male. Black, shining ; epistoma very prominent, furrowed above ; an-
tennae piceous, reddish towards the base ; abdomen elongate-eUiptical,
a little longer and broader than the thora.K ; legs reddish ; hind femora
blackish on the outer side towards the tips ; wings dark cinereous,
blackish along the costa ; veins black ; halteres reddish. Length of
the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Gen. Sartjga, Walk.

16. Saruga conifera, Walk. See vol. iv. p. 102.

Gen. Obrapa, Walk.
17- Obrapa perilampoides, Walk. See vol. iii. p. 82.

18. Obrapa celyphoides. Walk. See vol. iii. p. 83.

Earn. TABANID^, Leach.

Gen. Tabanus, Linn.

19. Tabanus Doreicus, n. s. Mas. Piceo-niger, fulvo-tomentosus,
antennarum ai'ticulo 3" rufo subcornuto, abdomine basi obscure mfes-
cente, pedibus nigris, alis obscure fuscis, halteribus albidis.

Male. Piceous-black ; head with tawny tomentum in front and beneath ;
callus long and slender ; eyes somewhat flattened in front, with ex-
tremel)' small facets ; 3rd joint of the antennae red, with a small horn ;
thorax with tawny tomentum ; pectus with cinereous tomentum ; ab-
domen dark reddish towards the base ; legs quite black ; wings dark
brown, dark cinereous along the hind border; veins black, ferrugi-
nous towards the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, slightly
undulating ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the
wings 16 lines.

Earn. ASILID^, Leach.

Subfam. Dasypogonites, Walk.

Gen. DiocTEiA, Meiff.

20. DiocTRiA CLAVivENTRis, n. s. FcEiTi. Nigra, capite argenteo,
mystace albo, antennis basi fulvis, thorace vittis tribus maculisque

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. IG

234 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous h^tsects

humeralibus cinereis, abdomine clavato fasciis fulvis, pedibus fulvis,
femoribus posticis nigra variis, alis cinerascentibus, halteribus testaceis.
Female. Black ; head with silveiy-vvhite tomentum ; mystax com-
posed of a few white bristles ; antennae linear, 1st and 2ad joints
tawny ; thorax with three stripes and with humeral spots of cinereous
tomentum ; metathorax with testaceous tomentum ; pectus with
whitish tomentum ; abdomen clavate ; hind borders of the segments
and tip pale; 1st and 2nd bands much broader than the others;
legs tawny ; hind femora mostly black above ; wings pale cinereous,
darker towards the tips ; veins black ; halteres pale testaceous.
Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

SuTifam. Laphrites, Walk.

Gen. Laphria, Fahr.

21. Laphria REPLENS, n. s. Masetfcem. Cyanea, capite aurato sub-
tus albo, antennis nigris articulo 3° fusiformi, pedibus albo setosis,
alis nigricantibus basi cinereis. Mas. Abdomine nigricante basi viridi.
Fosm. Abdomine purpureo basi cyanescenti-viridi.

Much resembling L. complens, from which it is especially distinct by the
curved lower transverse veiulet of the wings ; it may be distinguished
by the same character from L. comes, to which it is very nearly allied,
but it differs also from the latter by the longer union of the two sub-
costal veins. Male and female. Blue ; head brilliantly gilded, white
behind and beneath, where it is clothed with white hairs ; mystax with
a few black bristles; antennae black; 3rd joint fusiform; thorax
with a tawny mark on each side in front ; pectus white ; legs with
white bristles ; wings blackish, cinereous towards the base, the latter
hue much more prevalent towards the costa than it is hindvvard ; veins
and halteres black. Male. Abdomen almost black, green at the base.
Female. Abdomen purple, bluish-green at the base. Length of the
body 5-7 lines ; of the wings 10-12 lines.

22. Laphria liturifera, n. s. Mas etfiem. Cinereo-nigra, capite
aurato subtus albo, mystace pallido setis quatuor nigris, antennarum
articulo 3" longi-fusiformi, thorace vittis duabus pallide auratis lineis-
que duabus nigris, abdomine cyaneo guttis lateralibus transversis ar-
genteis, alis obscure cinereis, halteribus pallide flavis.

Male and Female. Cinereous-black; head with pale gilded tomentum,
white beneath and in front ; mystax with a few pale bristles and with
four more stout black bristles; 3rd joint of the antennae elongate-
fusiform ; thorax with an oblique pale gilded streak on each side in
front, with a pale gilded stripe on each side, and with three paler
marks on each side of the disk, where there are two black lines ; pec-
tus and a band on the metathorax silven' white ; abdomen blue, with

COLLECTED AT DOBEY, NEW GUINEA. '235

transverse silvery-white dots along each side ; legs blue, with black
bristles and with white hairs ; wings dark cinereous, paler along the
eosta for full half the length ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow.
Length of body 9-10 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

23. Laphria ardescens, n. s. F(£m. Ochracea, capite aurato, an-
tennarum articulo 3° lanceolato, thorace vitta lata nigricante lineas
duas nigras includente, abdomine fasciis tribus nigris, alis testaceo-
cinereis nigricante bifasciatis.

Female. Ochraceous, nearly cylindrical ; head with gilded toraentum ;
antennaj a little longer than half the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint
lanceolate ; thorax with a broad blackish stripe which includes two
black lines and is dilated into two lobes on each side hindward ; pectus
with two black bands ; abdomen with three black bands, the first
abbreviated ; legs very stout ; wings testaceous-cinereous, with two
very broad blackish bands, of which the 1st is abbreviated towards the
costa ; veins tawny, partly black. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the
wings 16 lines.

24. Laphria disciplena, n. s. Mas. Ochracea, robusta, capite
aurato, antennarum articulo 3° nigro lanceolato, thoracis disco nigri-
cante, alis nigricantibus basi limpidis.

Male. Ochraceous, stout, with paler hairs and bristles ; head with pale
gilded totnentum ; mystax with many pale gilded bristles ; mouth
black, except at the base ; antennae a little shorter than half the
breadth of the head ; 3rd joint black, lanceolate ; disk of the thorax
blackish ; pectus with two blackish bands ; claws black ; wings
blackish and with black veins, limpid and with pale veins at the
base and along more than half the length of the costa. Length of
the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

25. Laphria tripars, n. s. Mas. Ochracea, antennis parvis articulo
3° lanceolato, abdominis segmentis 4° S^que nigris, alis ochraceo sub-
tinctis nigro bifasciatis.

Male. Ochraceous ; mystax with several bristles ; antennae not longer
than half the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint lanceolate ; abdomen with
a broad black band which occupies the 4th and 5th segments ; legs
robust 1 wings nearly limpid, with a very slight ochraceous tinge and
with two black bands ; 1st band broader than the 2nd, which is a23ical ;
veins ochraceous, black in the bands. Length of the body 5 lines; of
the wings 9 lines.

26. Laphria BiPARS, n. s. Mas. Ochracea, capite albido, antennis
nigris articulo 3" sublineari, abdomine apicem versus nigro, alis nigri-
cantibus basi limpidis.

Male. Ochraceous ; head with whitish tomentum ; epistoma quite
flat ; mystax with very few whitish bristles ; mouth and antennae
black ; 3rd joint of the latter almost linear, slightly attenuated at each

16*

23G MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

end ; abdomen rather flat ; 5th, 6th, and 7th segments black ; wings
blackish and with black veins, limpid, and with ochraceous veins to-
wards the base. Length of the body 3k lines ; of the wings G lines.
27. Laphria puer, Dol. See p. 147.

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.

Gen. Trupanea, Macq.

28. Trupanea complens, n. s. Mas et fcem. Nigra, capitis pilis
albis, antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, thorace vittis tribus cinereis
latis indistinctis lineisque duabus testaceis, abdominis segraentis
ochraceo marginatis, feraoribus subtus tibiisque rufis, alis cinereis,
halteribus fulvis. Fam. Abdomine apicem versus styliformi.

Male and Female. Black, horny beneath ; head thickly clothed be-
neath with white hairs ; epistoma very prominent ; mystax with
many black bristles ; 3rd joint of the antennae fusiform ; arista as long
as the three preceding joints; thorax with three broad indistinct cine-
reous stripes which are divided by two more testaceous lines, the latter
hue passing into cinereous towards the pectus ; hind borders at the
abdominal segments with ochraceous bands, which are most distinct
in the male ; femora red beneath ; tibiae red, with black tips ; wings
cinereous ; radial areolet with the usual slate-coloured disk ; veins
black, of the ordinary structure ; halteres tawny. Male. Abdominal
appendages rather large. Female. Four last abdominal segments
styliform. Length of the body 10-11 lines; of the wings 18-20
lines.

Allied to T. strenua.

Gen. AsiLUS, Linn.

29. AsiLUS L^vis, U.S. Mas. Pallide testaceo-cinereus, sat gracilis,
parce pilosus, capite mystaceque albis, antennarum articulo 3° nigro
lanceolato, thorace vittis quatuor nigricantibus, abdomine nigro seg-
mentis pallido marginatis, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, alis cinereis
apice nigricantibus.

Male. Pale testaceous-cinereous, rather slender, with very few hairs and
bristles ; head with shining white tomentum, which is very slightly
gilded in front ; epistoma flat ; mystax with several white bristles ;
mouth black, shining ; antennae tawny ; 3rd joint black, lanceolate,
a little longer than the 2nd joint ; arista a little longer than the 3rd
joint ; thorax with four blackish stripes, the lateral pair obliquely
interrupted as usual ; hind part with three elongated black spots ;
abdomen blackish, except the hind borders of the segments ; tip black,
shining, with very small appendages ; legs tawny ; tarsi piceous to-
wards the tips ; claws black ; wings cinereous, tips obliquely blackish ;

COLLECTED AT DOBET, NEW GUINEA. 237

veins black ; forks of the cubital vein undulating ; halteres tawny.
Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.
Allied to A. temticornis, but very distinct in the structui-e of the veins.

G-en. 0mm ATI us, IlUger.

30. Ommatius noctifer, Walker. See vol. iii. p. 88.

31. Ommatius nanus, n. s. Mas. Cinereo-niger, antennis minimis,
abdominis segmentis cano marginatis, pedibns flavescentibus, femori-
bus tibiisque apice tarsisqne nigris, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus,
halteribus flavescentibus.

Male. Chiereous black ; head and pectus with hoary tomentum ; an-
tennae very small ; arista very long and slender ; hind bordei's of the
abdominal segments hoary ; legs yellowish ; femora and tibiae to-
wards the tips, and tarsi, black ; wings cinereous, with blackish tips ;
veins black; 1st externo-medial vein not straight, as in 0, noctifer,
but undulating; halteres yellowish. Length of the body Ah, lines; of
the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Damalis, Fair.

32. Damalis LUGENS, n. s. Mas. Rufescenti-ochracea, antennis tho-
racis disco abdominisque dorso nigi'is, pedibns obscure rufis, femoribus
tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, alis nigricanti-fuscis, halteribus apice albis.

Male. Dull reddish ochraceous ; mouth, antennre, disk of the thorax,
and dorsal abdominal segments, except towards the base, black ; legs
dark red ; femora, except at the base, tibiae towards the tips, and tarsi
black; wings blackish brown, black along the costa towards the base;
veins black ; halteres with ivory-white knobs. Length of the body
3i lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Tarn. LEPTID^, Westw.
Geuus Leptis, Fair.

33. Leptis ferruginosa, Wiecl. See vol. i. p. 118; vol. iv. p. IIO.

Fam. BOMBTLID.^, Leacli.
Genus Antubax, Fair.

34. Anthrax Pelops, Walk. See vol. iii. p. 90. This seems to be a
variety of i4. Donjcus, Boisd. Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, pi. 12. f. 12.

Fam. EMPID^, Leach.

Genus Hybos, Fair.

35. Hybos BicoLOR, PValk. See vol. iii. p. 91. Var. ? Mas. Testaceus,
thorace vittis duabus indistinctis pallidioribus, abdomine nigro basi
testaceo, tibiis postieis nigris. alis nigricantibus.

288 MR. walker's catalogite of dipterous insects

Male. Testaceous ; eyes black ; antennae small ; arista long and slen-
der ; thorax with two indistinct paler stripes ; abdomen black, testa-
ceous at the base ; hind femora incrassated, serrated beneath ; hind
tibiai black, slightly curved ; wings blackish ; veins black. Length
of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Fam. DOLICHOPID^, Leach.
Gen. PsiLOPUS, Meigen.

36. PsiLOPUs A'ARiiPENNis, n. s. Fccm. Lsete viridis, capite pectore-
que albis, vertice purpurascenti-cyaneo, antenuis nigris basi testaceis,
thorace vittis duabus cupreis vittaque dorsali atra, abdomine fasciis
quatuor atris apicem versus cupreo micante, pedibus lialteribusque
flavis, alis albidis fasciis duabus connexis Uturaque costali basaii
nigris.

Female. Brilliant green ; head shining white in front and behind ; ver-
tex brilliant purplish blue ; mouth tawny; antennse black, testaceous
towards the base ; arista as long as the thorax ; thora.x with a deep
black dorsal stripe and with a cupreous stripe on each side ; pectus
shining white ; abdomen with four deep-black bands, brilliant cupreous
towards the tip ; legs pale yellow ; tarsi and hind tibiae black ; wings
whitish limpid, with a blackish costal mark near the base, and with
two black bands; 1st band connected with the 2nd by the costa,
widely interrupted in the middle ; 2nd very broad, subapical, nearly
extending to the hind border ; veins black ; fore branch of the prse-
brachial vein slightly curved ; discal transverse vein undulating ; hal-
teres pale yellow. Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Tain. SYEPHIDJE, Leach.
Gen. Ceria, Fah\

37. Ceria ANNULiFERA, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, capite flavo vittis tribus
nigris, arista albida, thoracis fascia, scutelli margine abdoniinisque
maculis duabus fasciisque tribus flavis, femoribus tibiisque basi flavis,
alis cinereis dimidio costali nigris.

Nearly allied to C. relictura and to C. relicta. See vol. iii. pp. 93, 94.

Female. Black ; head pale yellow, with a black vertex and a slender
black stripe, and with a broad black stripe on each side of the very
prominent peristoma ; arista of the antennae whitish ; thorax with a
slender yellow band which is dilated on the pectus, and with a yellow
humeral callus on each side; hind border of the scutellum yellow;
abdomen with a triangular yellow spot on each side of the base, and
with slender yellow bands on the hind borders of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
segments ; femora, and tibiae towards the base, yellow, this hue most
prevalent on the hiud legs ; wings cinereous, black for nearly half
the breadth from the costa ; interior border lurid ; vein black ; hal-
teres pale yellow. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

COLLECTED AT DORET, NEW GUINEA. 239

Gren. Ebistalis, Latr,

38. Eristalis splendens, Leguill. See vol. iii. p. 95.

39. Eristalis bomboides. Walk. See vol. iv. p. 119. Fceml Atra,
capite nigro-cyanescente, thorace fascia senea fasciaque anteiiore cine-
rea, scutelli margiue postico ffineo, abdomine ajneo fasciis duabus
conuexis atris, tibiis basi pallide flavis, alls ciiiereis dimidio costali
nigricante.

Female. Deep black ; head bluish black, shining, with white tomentuni
behind and on each side in front ; antennaj black ; thorax with a
cinereous baud in front, and with a middle aeneous baud ; hind border
of the scutellum also aeneous ; abdomen aeneous, with two deep-black
bands which are connected in the middle ; legs shining ; tibiae pale
yellow towards the base ; wings cinereous, blackish for half the breadth
from the costa ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the
body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

40. Eristalis oBscuRATA, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Atra, capite albido,
thorace fascia media chalybea abbreviata fasciaque anteriore aeneo-
albida, scutelli margine chalybeo, abdomine maculis tribus transversis
apiceque chalybeis, tibiis halteribusque testaceis, alis cinereis costae
dimidio basali lurido.

Male and Female. Deep black ; head covered with whitish tomentum,
excepting the vertex and the callus in front ; antennae black ; arista
bare ; thorax with a coppery whitish band in front, and with a much
abbreviated chalybeous band in the middle ; hind border of the scu-
tellum chalybeous ; abdomen whitish at the base, with three trans-
verse chalybeous spots and a chalybeous tip ; tibiae chngy testaceous,
piceous towards the tips ; wings cinereous, lurid brown along half the
length in front ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Baccha, Fahr.

41. Baccha basalis, n. s. Mas. Chalybeo-nigra, thorace maculis
duabus lateralibus flavis, abdomine fulvo contracto fasciis duabus piceis
apicem versus nigro fusiformi, pedibus pallide fulvis, tibiis ]50sticis
fascia subapicali picea, alis cinereis vitta difl^'usa nigricante, halteribus
pallidis.

Male. Chalybeous black ; head with whitish tomentum beneath and
about the eyes ; thorax on each side with a yellow spot, which is pro-
longed into a band on each side of the pectus ; the latter with a livid
sjjot on each side by the alulae ; abdomen tawny and much contracted
for nearly two thirds of its length from the base, black and fusiform
from thence to the tip, with two piceous bands in the middle ; legs
pale tawny ; hind tibiae with a piceous subapical band ; w ings cine-
reous, with a middle faint diffuse blackish band, which is obsolete
hindward ; veins black, tawny at the base ; halteres pale. Length of
the body 5j lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

24!0 ME. walkkk's catalogue of dipteeous insects

Fam. MUSCID^, Latr.

Subfain. Tachinides, Walk.

Gen. Nemob^a, 31acq.

42. NEMOBiEA postulans, n. s. Mas. Albido-cinerea, vix lata, ca-
pite argenteo, frontalibus nigris, thorace lineis quatuor nigris, ab-
domine longi-ovato tessellato maculis duabus basalibus nifescentibus,
alis cinereis.

Male. Whitish cinereous, hardly broad, and in that character approach-
ing the genus Phorocera, with many black bristles ; head silvery
white, with white hairs beneath ; frontalia black, widening towards
the face, with a row of bristles along each side; facialia without
bristles ; epistoma not prominent ; antennae not reaching the epistoma ;
3rd joint linear, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista slen-
der, nearly four times the length of the 3rd joint ; thorax with four
black lines; abdomen elongate-oval, somewhat tessellated, much
longer than the thorax, with a diffuse reddish spot on each side at the
base, legs stout ; wings cinereous ; veins black ; praebrachial vein
forming a rounded and hardly obtuse angle at its flexure, straight
from thence to the tip ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by
much less than its length from the border, and from the flexure of
the praebi-achial ; alulae white. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the
wings 10 lines.

Gen. Eurtgasteb, Macq.

43. EuRYGASTER MUTANS, U.S. Fcem. Cinerea, lata, capite cano,
thorace lineis quatuor nigris, scutello rufo, abdomine longi-ovato cin-
gulis albis lateribus rufis, alis cinereis.

Female. Cinereous, broad, with black bristles ; head dingy hoary ; fron-
talia black, almost linear, with minute bristles along each side ; facialia
with bristles towards the epistoma, which is not prominent ; antennae
not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, about 4 times the length
of the 2nd ; arista slender, very much longer than the 3rd joint ;
thorax with four slender black lines; scutellum red ; abdomen elon-
gate-oval, red along each side, except towards the tip ; fore borders
of the segments white ; legs stout ; wings cinereous ; veins black ;
praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly
curved from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein nearly straight,
parted by half its length from the border, and by more than half its
length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae white. Length of
the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Gen. Phoroceea, Macq.

44. Phorocera convertens, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite argenteo,
frontalibus atns, thorace lineis quatuor nigris, abdomine longi-conico

COLLECTED AT DOKEY, NEW GUINEA. 241

lateribus rufescentibus fasciis tribiis albis latis interruptis, pedibus
longiusculis, alis cineieis, venis fiisco nebulosis.
Male. Black, bristly ; head silvery white ; frontalia deep black, slightly
widening towards the face, which is oblique, having on each side a
row of black bristles, which are continued along part of the facialia ;
the latter with bristles towards the epistoma, which is not prominent ;
antennae almost reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint very slightly widen-
ing from the base to the tip, about six times the length of the 2nd ;
arista slender, nearly twice the length of the 3rd joint ; thorax with
four black lines ; abdomen elongate-conical, reddish along each side,
except towards the tip, with three broad widely interrupted shining
white bands ; legs rather long ; wings cinereous, clouded with brown
about the veins ; prsebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure,
very shghtly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal ti-ansverse
vein undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border,
and from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae white. Length of the
body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.

Gen. EuTiLiA, Desvoidy.

45. RuTiLiA GLORiFiCANS, n. s. Mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, capite
strigis duabus anticis cervino-tomentosis, frontalibus atris, antennis
piceis ; thorace vittis quatuor interruptis nigris, abdomine nigro basi
semihyaliuo fasciis tribus interruptis viridibus micantibus, pedibus
piceo-nigris, femoribus basi rufescentibus, alis fuscescenti-cinereis basi
nigricantibus.

Male. Brilliant bluish green ; head on each side of the peristoma with
a triangular streak of dull fawn-coloured tomentum, which is continued
round part of the eye ; frontalia deep black, elongate-triangular ; an-
tennae piceous ; thorax with four interrupted black stripes, of which the
outer pair are abbreviated at each end, and the middle jjair are widened
and much abbreviated hindward ; abdomen black, semihyaline towards
the base in some aspects, with three brilliant green interrupted bands,
which are veiy concave on each side of the hind border ; legs piceous
black ; femora reddish towards the base ; wings brownish cinereous,
blackish towards the base ; veins black, piceous at the base ; prae-
brachial vein forming a rounded and slightly obtuse angle at its flex-
ure, near which it is slightly curved inward, and is thence straight to
its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by less than
half its length from the border, and by much more than half its
length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae brownish cinereous.
Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 15 Unes.

46. Rutilia moneta, Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxi. (1860) p. 200
(Formosia^.

Note. Rutilia caUipygos, Gerst. Stett. Ent. Zeit. vol. xxi. (1860) p. 178

242 ME. WALKER^S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

(Formosia), seems to be distinct from the following species, though nearly
allied to it : —

47. RuTiLiA LUCIGENA, n. s. Mus et Fam. Lsete cyanea, capitis
tomento albo, frontalibus atris, anteunis pedibusque nigris, thorace
vittis quatiior interruptis nigris, abdomine atro fascia interrupta ma-
culisque quatuor posterioribus subquadratis cyaneis micantibus, alis
fuscescentibus basi nigricantibiis. Foem, Frontalibus purpureo niar-
ginatis.

Male and Female. Brilliant blue ; bead with white tonientum on each
side in front ; frontalia deep black ; antennae and legs black ; thorax
with four interrupted black stripes, which resemble those of the pre-
ceding species, with the exception of the outer pair being longer and
narrower; abdomen deep black, its brilliant bluish marks hardly
differing from those of R. moveta which it also resembles in the
colour and structure of the wings. Male. Frontalia elongate-trian-
gular. Female. Head purple on each side of the linear frontalia.
Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.
These three species, and especially the two latter, are very closely allied,
and may be termed subspecies.

Gren. DOLESCHALLA, u. g.

Mas et Foem. Corpus gracile, cylindrieum. Fades subobliqua. Palpi
longi, graciles. Antenrue epistoma non attingentes ; articulus S""* 2"
quadruplo longior ; arista plumosa. Abdomen longum. Pedes longi,
•graciles. Alee angusta;. Mas. Abdomen longissimum. Fcem. Ab-
domen brevius et latins.
Male and Female. Body slender, cylindrical, with a few bristles. Head
as broad as the thorax ; frontalia widening in front ; face slightly
oblique ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma prominent. Mouth
slender, with long slender palpi. Antennae not reaching the epistoma ;
3rd joint hnear, slender, about four times longer than the 2nd ; arista
plumose, rather longer than the 3rd joint. Abdomen and legs long
and slender. Wings narrow ; prajbrachial vein forming a slightly
acute angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved inward, and is
thence straight to its tip, the latter being at a short distance from the
tip of the cubital vein ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by
hardly less than half its length from the border, and by about its
length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alula; large. Male.
Abdomen very long. Female. Abdomen long, a little broader than
that of the male.
The name of this genus, which has some affinity to Scotiptera, is in
remembrance of the late Dr. Doleschall, whose researches and publications
have contributed much to the knowledge of the Diptera of the Dutch
East Indies.

48. D0LE8CHALLA CYLiNUKiCA, u. s. Mas. Cinereo-nigra, capite

COLLECTED AT DOEET, NEW GUINEA. 243

thoracisque vittis tribus auratis, frontalibus atris, abdomine fasciis
qiiatuor latis sordide fulvis, alis fuscis apud costam nigricantibus,
halteribus testaceis. Fcem. Capite albo, frontalibus latis, thoracis
vittis albidis, abdomine fasciis duabus apiceque fuscis, segmentorum
marginibus anticis albidis.
Male. Cinereous black ; head with pale gilded tomentum ; frontaha
deep black, widening in front ; a slender middle stripe and two broad
lateral stripes on the thorax, and a band on the pectus pale gilded ;
abdomen with four broad dingy tawny bands ; 1st band interrupted ;
2nd and .3rd deeply notched ; 4th entire ; wings brown, blackish along
the costa ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Female. Head white ;
frontalia broad, linear ; stripes and bands of the thorax whitish ; ab-
domen with two bauds and the tip shining brown ; fore borders of the
segments whitish. Length of the body 7-9 lines; of the wings 11-12
lines.

Gen. Gtmnosttlia, 3Iacq.

49. Gymnostylia invita, n. s. Mas. Nigra, gracilis, capita albo,
frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo 3° longissimo, thoracis vitta
dorsali lateribus pectoreque albo-schistaceis, abdomine compresso fas-
ciis duabus latis glauco-albidis, pedibus longis gracillimis, alis angustis
cinereis.

Male. Black, slender ; head white ; fi-ontalia deep black, veiy narrow ;
eyes bare; antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, slender,
about six times as long as the 2nd joint ; arista rather longer than
the 3rd joint ; thorax with a dorsal stripe, the sides and the pectus
slaty-white ; abdomen compressed, with two broad glaucous-whitish
bands ; legs long, very slender ; wings narrow, cinereous ; veins black ;
prsebrachial vein forming a rounded and very obtuse angle at its flex-
ure, from whence it is slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal trans-
verse vein undulating, parted by much less than half its length from
the border, and by a little more than its length from the flexure of the
prsebrachial ; alulaj white. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings
7 lines.

Gen. Prosena, St.-Farg.

50, Prosena lurida, n. s. Mas. Testacea, argenteo-tomentosa,
capite antico tumido, frontalibus nigris, thorace vittis quatuor indi-
stinctis obscurioribus, abdomine tessellato segmentis nigro marginatis,
femoribus nigris, tibiis posticis apice piceis, alis lurido-cinereis.

Male. Testaceous, with silvery whitish tomentum ; head tumid in front ;
frontalia black, very narrow, widening towards the face ; mouth black,
testaceous at the base, as long as the thorax ; antennae testaceous ;
3rd joint loug, slender, not reaching the epistoma ; thorax with foxu"
indistinct darker stripes ; abdomen tessellated with whitish tomentum ;
hind borders of the segments black ; coxic and femora black ; tips of

244 ME. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

hind tibiae piceous ; wings lurid-cinereous ; veins black, testaceous at
the base : praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure,
slightly curved inward nearer its tip; discal transverse vein deeply
undulating, parted by full half its length from the border, and by
about its length from the flexure of the praebrachial; alulae white.
Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 9 hues.

Subfam. Muscides, Walk.

Gen. Muse A, Linn.

51. MuscA DiTissiMA, u. s. (Gen. Luciha, .Des;;.) Mas. Cuprea,
capite fulvo, palpis antennisque rufescenti-fulvis, scutello viridi, ab-
domine cupreo-i'ufo fasciis cyanescenti-viridibus, pedibus nigris, alis
obscure fuscis.

Male. Cupreous ; head tawny, with VA'hitish tomentum beneath and
about the eyes ; proboscis black ; palpi and antennae reddish tawny ;
scutellum and hind border of the scutum bright green ; abdomen cu-
preous red, with bluish-green bands; legs black; wings dark brown;
veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a rounded and obtuse angle at
its flexure, slightly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal trans-
verse vein deeply undulating, parted by half its length from the bor-
der, and by less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial ;
alulae whitish, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 4 lines;
of the wings 8 lines.

This species has also been discovered by Mr. Wallace in Celebes ; but
the specimen from the latter island was too imperfect to be described.

52. MuscA SARcoPHAGOiDES, n. s. (Gcu. Caliphora? Desv.) Mas.
Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, frontalibus atris, antennis rufescentibus,
oculis nudis, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, abdomine tessellato, alis
cinereis basi et apud costam luridis.

Male. Black, with cinereous tomentum ; frontalia deep black, widen-
ing much in front ; epistoma rather prominent ; antennae reddish, not
reaching the epistoma; eyes bare; thorax with four slender black
stripes; abdomen tessellated like that of a Sai'cophaga; legs stout,
black; wings cinereous, lurid at the base and along part of the costa ;
veins black ; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure,
very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse
vein undulating, parted by less than half its length from the border,
and by much more than half its length from the flexure of the praebra-
chial ; alulae lurid cinereous. Length of the body Sf lines ; of the
wings 7 lines.

53. MuscA MESEMBRiNOiDES, n. s. (Gcu. Calliphora? Desv.) Fatm.
Nigra, tomento cinereo vix aurato, frontalibus atris, oculis nudis, an-
tennis longis, thorace lineis quatuor nigris, abdomine tessellato, pedibus
robustis, alis fuscesccnti-ciiiereis apud costam diff'use nigricantibus.

COLLECTED AT DORET, NEW GUIXEA. 245

Female, Black, with very slightly gilded cinereous tomeutum ; fron-
talia deep black, linear; eyes bare ; antenna; nearly reaching the
epistoraa ; 3rd joint about six times the length of the 2nd ; thorax
with four slender black lines ; abdomen tessellated ; legs black, very
stout ; wings brownish cinereous, difFusedly blackish along the costa ;
veins black ; pra^brachial vein forming a rounded hardly obtuse angle
at its flexure, slightly curved inward from thence to its tip; discal
transverse vein deeply undulating, parted by nearly half its length
from the border, and by very much more than half its length from the
flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulae lurid whitish. Length of the body
.3^ lines ; of the wings / lines.

54. MuscA CALLiPHOROiDES, n. s. (Gen. Graptomyza, Dew.) Mas.
Nigricanti-cyanea, tumida, capite albo, palpis fulvis, antennis piceis
longis basi rufescentibus, thorace vittis quatuor auratis, pectore tes-
taceo, abdomine fasciis duabus basique albidis, femoribus fulvis, alis
cinereis, costa venisque fusco marginatis.

Male. Blackish-blue, tumid ; head white with white hairs beneath ; a
stout bristle on each side of the peristoma ; mouth black ; palpi
tawny ; antennae piceous, reaching the peristoma, reddish towards the
base ; 3rd joint full six times the length of the 2nd ; thorax tawny in
some aspects, with four pale gilded stripes ; middle stripes much
abbreviated hindward, narrower than the lateral stripes, which are
connected hindward by a band ; pectus testaceous ; abdomen with
two narrow whitish bands hindward, whitish towards the base, with
the exception of a widely interrupted blackish-blue band ; legs black ;
coxae and femora tawny ; wings cinereous, brown along the costa and
along the veins ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein forming a rounded
right angle at its flexure, much curved inward from thence to its tip ;
discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by a little more
than half its length from the border, and by much more than half its
length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulae cinereous, with tes-
taceous borders. Length of the body 4i lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

55. MuscA TRIFASCIA, n. s. (Gen. Ochromyia, Macq.) Fcem. Tes-
tacea, capite albido, frontalibus ferrugineis, antennis longis rufescen-
tibus, thorace aurato, abdomine fasciis tribus nigris, tibiis tarsisque
piceis, alis cinereis apud venas subluridis.

Female. Testaceous ; heatl whitish ; frontalia ferruginous, broad, shghtly
widening in front; sides of the peristoma prominent, with stout black
bristles ; mouth black, reddish towards the tip ; antenna; reddish,
nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint about six times the length of
the 2nd ; thorax with gilded pubescence ; abdomen with three black
bands ; tibiae and tarsi piceous : wings cinereous, slightly lurid along
the veins ; veins black, testaceous towards the base ; praebrachial vein
forming an extremely obtuse angle at its flexure, very slightly curved
inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undula-

24iG MR. avalkek's catalogue of dipterous insects

ting, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by much
more than half its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial. Length
of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Subfam, Anthomtides, Walk.
Gen. Spilogaster, Macq.

56. Spilogaster xanthoceras, fFaZA;. See vol. iv. p. 141.

Subfam. Helomyzides, Fallen.
Gen. Helomtza, Fallen.

57. Helomyza nia'istriga, n. s. Fam. Testacea, palpis latiusculis,
abdomine apicem versus lauceolato, alis reneo-nigris basi limpidis albo
quinqviestrigatis.

Female. Testaceous, with some stout black bristles ; face flat, shining,
with a groove on each side ; mouth and palpi short, the latter rather
broad ; arista black ; abdomen lanceolate towards the tip ; wings
aeneous-black, lirajnd at the base, adorned with five white streaks; 1st
and 2nd streaks extending from the costa to the middle of the disk,
where the 1st is connected with a vitreous streak which extends to the
hind border; 3rd streak oblique, discal; 4th anil 5th lanceolate ; 4th
subapical, longer than the 5th, which joins the hind border ; veins
black, testaceous towards the base, white in the streaks ; cubital and
prsebrachial veins curved ; discal transverse vein oblique, slightly an-
gular, parted by full four times its length from the border, and by a
little less than its length from the prsebrachial transverse, which is
rather long. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

68. Helomyza quadrifera, n. s. Fcem. Testacea, abdomine apicem
versus lanceolato, dimidio postico nigro, alis nigris basi et apud mar-
ginem posticum limpidis, macula costali alba subquadrata.

Female. Testaceous, like the preceding species in structm-e ; hind half
of the abdomen black, lanceolate towards the tip ; the black hue ex-
tending most on each side ; wings black, limpid at the base and along
the hind border, with a white subquadrate costal spot, opposite to
which the black hue extends nearly to the hind border ; veins black,
testaceous in the limpid part ; cubital and prsebrachial veins nearly
straight ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by less than half its
length from the border, and by about its length fi-om the pra^brachial
transverse. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Subfam. Borborides, Holiday.

Gen. CoTAMBA, n. g.

Mas. Corpus sat latum. Caput supra planum. Oculi nudi. Os par-
vum. Palpi breves. Anfennce brevissimse ; articulus 3"^ magnus,

COLLECTED AT DOEEY, NEW GUIKEA. 247

rotundus ; arista pubescens, apice nuda. Abdomen longiconicum. Pedes
robusti ; tibiae posticae subarcuatae ; metatarsi postici sat crassi. Alee
sat amplae.

Blale, Body moderately broad. Head as broad as the thorax, flat above.
Eyes bare. Epistoma not prominent. Mouth and palpi small. An-
tenna; very short ; 3rd joint large, round ; arista pubescent except
near the tip. Abdomen elongate-conical. Legs rather stout ; hind
tibiae shghtly curved ; hind metatarsi rather thick. Wings rather
ample ; subcostal and mediastinal veins united, ending at rather before
half the length of the wing ; radial vein ending at about four-fifths of
the length ; cubital and praebrachial veins parallel to each other ; discal
transverse vein straight, ending at about twice its length from the
praebrachial transverse and from the border.

This genus seems to unite the Borborides with the Oscinides.

59. CoTAMBA FUMiFERA, n. s. Mas. Nigra, nitcns, pubcsceus, capitc
antennis tarsisque rufescentibus, pedibus pubescentibus, alis nigrican-
tibus costa pubescente.

Male. Black, shining; body, legs, and costa of the wings pubescent;
head, antennae, and tarsi reddish ; wings blackish, rather paler towards
the exterior border ; veins black. Length of the body 2^ lines; of
the wings 6 lines. ,

Subfam. Oetalides, Haliday.
Gen. Lampbogaster, Macg.

60. Lamprogaster marginifera. Walk. See vol. ii. p. 111.

61. Lamprogaster patula, n. s. Fcem. Testacea, latiuscula, ca-
pite nigro fasciato, oculis albido cinctis, antennis brevissimis, arista
subplumosa, scutello bispinoso, abdomine supi-a purpureo, alis sub-
lurido-cinereis.

Female. Testaceous, rather broad ; head rather narrower than the tho-
rax, whitish about the eyes, with a band above the antennae and facia-
lia blackish ; antennae hardly more than half the length of the epi-
stoma ; arista minutely plumose ; scutellum with two short stout
spines ; abdomen purple ; base, oviduct, and underside testaceous ;
wings cinereous, with a slight lurid tinge ; veins testaceous ; discal
transverse vein hardly curved, not oblique, parted by less than half its
length from the border, and by more than its length from the prae-
brachial transverse, which is black and stout. Length of the body 7
lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

62. Lamprogaster costalis, n. s. Mas et Foem, Piceo -nigra, ca-
pite halteribusque testaceis, oculis albido cinctis, arista nuda, thorace
vittis duabus cinereis, abdomine obscure rufo, ventre jjcdibusquc tes-
taceis, alis subcincreis fuscescente transverse trilincatis.

Male and Female. Piceous black, shining; head testaceous, whitish

248 MR. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

about the eyes ; arista bare ; thorax with a cinereous stripe along each
side ; abdomen dark red ; sutures blackish ; underside and legs tes-
taceous ; wings slightly cinereous, with three brownish transverse
lines ; 1 st line extending from the base of the cubital vein ; 2nd in-
cluding the prtebrachial transverse vein, and extending thence to the
costa, where it is dilated ; 3rd short, subcostal, opposite the discal
transverse vein ; veins testaceous ; discal transverse vein straight,
upright, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
very much more than its length from the discal transverse ; halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 5-6 lines ; of the wings 10-12 lines.

63. Lamprogaster BASALis, n. s. Mas. Cyanea, viridi purpureo-
que subtincta, capite testaceo supra nigro, pectore ferrugineo, ab-
doraine vitta postica diffusa rufescente, pedibus testaeeis, alis sub-
cinereis vitta costali nigra vittaque exteriore ochracea.

3Iale. Blue, slightly tinged with green and purple ; head testaceous ;
vertex black ; mouth striped with black ; arista black, bare ; pectus
mostly ferruginous ; abdomen with a diffuse reddish stripe hindward,
piceous beneath ; legs testaceous ; wings slightly cinereous, with a'
black stripe along half the length of the costa, and with a narrower
ochraceous stripe from thence to the tips ; veins testaceous, black
towards the basg ; praebrachial vein slightly angular where it is joined
by the discal transverse ; the latter slightly curved, parted by less than
half its length from the border, and by hardly more than its length
from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 5-6 lines ; of the wings 10-12 lines.

64. Lamprogaster ventralis, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Fulva, capite pe-
dibusque testaeeis, thorace cyanescente subtincto, abdomine purpureo
basi testaceo, alis cinereis apud costam subochraceis. Mas. Abdo-
mine subtus hamis duobus couicis testaeeis.

Male and Female. Tawny ; head testaceous ; mouth mostty piceous ;
arista pubescent ; thorax with a slight bluish tinge ; abdomen purple,
testaceous at the base ; legs testaceous ; wings cinereous, slightly
ochraceous along the costa ; veins testaceous ; discal transverse vein
slightly curved, parted by full one-third of its length from the border,
and by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse ;
praebrachial vein very slightly angular ; halteres testaceous. Male.
Abdomen with a conical testaceous appendage on each side beneiith.
Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Gen. PoTiCARA, n. g.

Mas et Fam. Corpus latmsculum. Caput brevissimum. Palpi parvi.
Antennae epistoma non attingentes ; articulus 3"^ linearis, 2° quadru-
plo longior ; arista plumosa. Abdomen angustum, thorace paullo
longius. AliB subdilatatae ; costa convexa.

COLLECTED AT DOUEY, NEW GUINEA. 249

Mas. Caput thorace valde latins ; faeies brevissima, latissima. Fam.
Cpput thorace paullo latins.

Male and Female. Body rather broad. Head very short. Mouth and
palpi small. Antennae not near reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint
linear, rounded at the tip, four times the length of the 2nd ; arista
plumose. Abdomen much narrower, but little longer than the thorax.
Legs moderately long and slender. Wings shghtly dilated; costa
convex ; radial vein curved, joining the costa at rather beyond two-
thirds of the length of the latter ; cubital and prsebrachial veins slightly
undulating; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, emitting a
stump outward in front, parted by one-fourth of its length from the
border and from the prsebrachial transverse ; the latter oblique, almost
straight, rather long. Male. Head much broader than the thorax ;
face and epistoma extremely short and broad. Female. Head a little
broader than the thorax ; face extremely short ; epistoma large. Wings
rather less ample than those of the male.

65. PoTicARA TRiARCUATA, n. s. Mos et Foem. Nigro-cyanea, capite
fascia rubra, scutello postico rufescente, abdomine fusiformi, pedibus
nigris, femoribus flavescenti-albis, alis albidis, linea costali disco radiis-
que nigris.

Male and Female. Dark blue, with tomentum somewhat sericeous ;
front with a deep-red band ; antennae transverse, sutm-e of the thorax
and hind part of the scutellum reddish; pectus shining; abdomen
fusiform, shining towards the tip; legs black; femora yellowish white,
black towards the tips ; wings whitish limpid, with a black line along
the exterior part of the costa ; disk irregularly black, emitting four
black hnes to the costa, the fourth joining the costal line ; two black
curved lines proceeding from the disk to the hind border, parallel to
the costal line ; veins and halteres black. Male. Face and epistoma
yellowish white. Female. Face and epistoma reddish. Length of
the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Mtstia, n. g.

Mas, CorpMS latiusculum. Ca/raMhorace vix latius ; frons depressa ;
faeies latissima ; gense tumidaj. Antenna; epistoma. non attingentes ;
articulus 3"' lanceolatus, 2° quadruplo longior ; arista plumosa. Ab-
domen ovatum, thorace paullo brevius vix latins. Pedes robusti.

Male. Body rather broad. Head hardly broader than the thorax;
front depressed ; face very broad ; epistoma slightly prominent ; genae
tumid. Mouth large. Antennae not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd
joint lanceolate, full four times the length of the 2nd; arista plumose.
Scutellum prominent. Abdomen oval, a little shorter, but hardly
broader than the thorax. Legs stout. Wings moderately broad;
prsebrachial vein slightly angular at its junction with the praibrachial
transverse vein ; the latter straight, not oblique, parted by one sixth
of its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 17

250 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

from the very oblique and rather long discal transverse vein ; subanal
vein curved.

66, Mystia attrahens, n. s. Mas. Pieea, capite albido lineis ni-
gris, thoracis disco vittis duabus latis nigris interlineatis, abdomine
cyanescenti-purpureo maculis duabus basalibus rufescentibus, pedibus
nigris, femoribus pallidis, alis subcinereis, costa maculaque nigrican-
tibus.

Male. Piceous ; head whitish, with two black bands between the eyes,
and with two black stripes on each side of the face ; disk of the tho-
rax whitish cinereous, with two broad black stripes, which are inter-
lined with whitish cinereous ; metathorax whitish cinereous ; abdo-
men bluish pur])le, with a reddish spot on each side at the base ; legs
black ; fore femora ferniginous, with black tips ; posterior femora
yellow, with black tips ; wings slightly cinereous, blackish along the
costa and along the praebrachial transverse line, and with a blackish
spot at the hind end of the prajbrachial transverse vein ; veins black.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gren. Dacus, Fair.

6/. Dacds devius, n. s. Mas et Foem. Piceo-niger, capite cyaneo
vitta antica testacea, arista albida pubescente, thorace vittis tribus cine-
reis, tibiis anticis ferrugineis, tibiis posterioribus albidis, tarsis jwsteri-
oribus testaceis, alis cinereis, costa venisque transversis fusco nebulosis.

Male and Female. Piceous black, with slight cinereous tomentum ;
head blue, whitish about the eyes, ferruginous and with a short broad
testaceous stripe in front ; antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint
slender, linear, full six times the length of the 2nd ; arista whitish,
pubescent, much longer than the 3rd joint ; thorax with three cine-
reous stripes ; pectus pale cinereous ; fore tibiaj ferruginous ; pos-
terior tibia; whitish, with black tips ; posterior tarsi testaceous ; wings
cinereous ; exterior part of the costa and transverse veins irregularly
clouded with brown ; veins black ; cubital vein hardly angular ; prae-
brachial transverse vein long, veiy oblique ; halteres whitish. Male.
Abdomen cylindrical, testaceous towards the tip, longer than that of
the female ; praebrachial transverse vein curved, parted by one-fourth
of its length from the border, and by much less than its length
from the discal transverse. Female. Abdomen slightly attenuated
at each end ; praebrachial transverse vein nearly straight, parted by
hardly more than half its length from the discal transverse. Length
of the body 5-5^ lines; of the wings 9-10 lines.

Distinguishable by the wing-veins from D. divergens and from D. addens,
to which it is much allied.

68. Dacus instabilis, n. s. F(e.m. Fulvus, oculis albido cinctis,
epistomate guttis duabus nigris, thoracis disco abdomineque cyaneis.

COLLECTED AT DORES", NEW GUINEA. 251

Iiujus apice fulvo, ventre nigro, pcdibus testaceis, alls ciuereis basi
costaque luridis.
Female. Tawny ; head whitish about the eyes aud on the disk of the
face; epistoma prominent^ with a black dot on each side; antennae
not reaching the epistoma ; third joint about thrice the length of the
2nd ; arista bare, very slender ; disk of the thorax, and abdomen except
the tip, blue ; underside of the abdomen black ; legs testaceous ; wings
cinereous, lurid at the base and along the costa ; veins tawny ; discal
transverse vein curved, parted by less than half its length from the
border, and from very much more than its length from the prsebrachial
transvei'se. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

69. Dacus sordidus, n. s. Fce.m. Piceo-cyaneus, capite antico fer-
rugineo, oculis albido cinctis, abdoraiue apicem versus attenuato, fe-
moribus anticis tarsisque posterioribus fulvis, alis cinereis, striga cos-
tali, apicibus spatioque apud venam transversam discalem fuscis.

Female. Piceous blue ; head cinereous beneath, ferruginous in front,
whitish about the eyes ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen pilose, testaceous
beneath at the base, attenuated towards the tip ; oviduct prominent ;
legs piceous ; fore femora and posterior tarsi tawny ; posterior tibiae
tawny towards the tips ; wings cinereous ; a short costal streak, tips,
and space about the discal transverse vein brown ; veins black, tawny
at the base ; discal transverse vein slightly curved, parted by half its
length from the border, and by very much more than its length from
the praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body
4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

70. Dacus lituratus, n. s. Fa,m. Nigricanti-cyaneus, oculis albido
cinctis, antennis piceis, arista plumosa, thorace vittis duabus nigris,
abdomine fusiformi apicem versus attenuato, femoribus albis, alis albis
basi et apud marginem interiorem paliide cinereis, striga basali fascia
obliqua plagaque subapicali nigris.

Female. Blackish blue, rather slender, head whitish about the eyes ;
epistoma tawny ; antennae piceous, very much shorter than the face ;
3rd joint about thrice the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax
with two black stripes ; abdomen fusiform, attenuated towards the tiy ;
legs black, rather slender ; coxae and femora white, the latter w ith
black tips ; wings white, pale cinereous at the base and along part of
the interior border ; basal streak, an oblique band which is abbreviated
hindward, and a very large subapical j)atch black ; veins black, hardly
undulating ; pnebrachial vein straight, oblique, parted by about one-
fourth of its length from the border, and by half its length from the
praebrachial transverse, which is long and oblique; halteres white.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

71. Dacus? nigrilinea, n. s. Faim. Testaceus, gracilis, thorace
lineis tribus nigris, abdomine lanceolato apicem versus cuneiformi
apice luaculisque duabus nigris, alis subcinereis angustis costa nigra.

17*

252 ME. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

Female. Testaceous, slender; thorax witli three black lines, of which
the middle one is much more slender than the others ; pectus with
a black streak on each side ; abdomen lanceolate, cuneiform and
shining towards the tip, about twice the length of the thorax ; tip and
a spot on each side beyond the middle black ; wings naiTOw, slightly
cinereous ; costa black from one-fourth of its length to the end of the
prsebrachial vein ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique,
parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
full twice its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the
body 4^ lines ; of the wings 8 lines,

72. Dacus concisus, n. s. Fcem. Niger, gracilis, capite flavo ma-
culis nigris, arista plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor flavis, abdomine fusi-
form! petiolato apice attenuato fulvo maculis duabus basalibus flavis,
femoribus flavo vittatis, alis Umpidis nigricante bivittatis.

Female. Black, slender ; head yellow, with four black spots on the hind
])art ; front with a black dot on each side, and with a black spot which
is furcate hindward ; face with an interrupted black band ; antennae
tawny, not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, about one-third
of the length of the 2nd; arista plumose; thorax with four yellow
stripes, of which the outer pair are curved and extend obliquely along
the sides of the pectus ; metatliorax with a yellow stripe ; abdomen
fusiform, petiolated at the base, attenuated at the tip, with a yellow
spot near the base, and another near the tip which is tawny ;
femora with a yellow band near the base, tawny towards the tips ;
tarsi yellowish towards the base; wings limpid, with two blackish
stripes which are imited towards the base — one costal, the other
occupying the middle part of the hind border ; veins black ; prsebra-
chial vein very slightly angular ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly
straight, parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border,
and by a little more than its length from the long oblique pra;brachial
transverse vein ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 4 lines ; of
the wings 8 lines.

Gen. RioxA, Walk.

73. RioxA FORMosiPENNis, n. s. Mas. Testacea, capite vitta nigra,
arista plumosa, thoracis vittis sex metathorace abdominisque fasciis
tribus nigris, femoribus posticis piceis, alis nigricantibus basi costaque
luridis, punctis septem discalibus strigisque posticis albis.

Male. Testaceous, with black bristles ; head with a black stripe above ;
antennae not more than half the length of the face ; 3rd joint conical,
less than twice the length of the 2nd ; arista long, plumose ; thorax
with six black stripes, the middle pair dislocated in the middle ; pectus
with two black stripes hindward ; metathorax black, shining; abdo-
men with three black bands, the 3rd very broad ; hind femora piceous ;
wings blackish, lurid in front and behind at the base, with white

COLLECTED AT DOBET, NEW GUINEA. 253

streaks along the hind border, and with seven white points in the
disk. Length of the body 3^ hnes ; of the wings 7 lines.

Subfam. Sbpsides, Walk.
Geu. Calobata, Fahr.

74. Calobata coNTRARiA, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Nigra, capite vitta
cinerea antice cyaneo, antennis fernigineis, abdomine lanceolato subtus
lurido, femoribus posterioribus fascia subapicali flavescente,tarsis albis,
alis cinereis medio apiceque late fuseescentibus.

Male and Female. Black; head blue in front, with a cinereous stripe
above ; antennte ferruginous ; pectus with shght cinereous tomentum ;
abdomen lanceolate, lurid beneath ; femora yellowish towards the base ;
posterior femora with a yellowish subapical band ; tarsi white, except
at the base ; wings cinereous ; middle part and tips broadly and dif-
fusedly brownish ; veins black ; cubital and praebrachial veins con-
verging towards each other beyond the discal transverse vein; the
latter straight, not oblique, parted by less than its length from the
border, and by more than four times its length from the discal trans-
verse vein. Length of the body 4-4^ lines ; of the wings 7i-8 lines.

75. Calobata plagiata, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, gracilis, oculis lurido
cinctis, antennis brevissimis, abdomine apicem versus lanceolato, pe-
dibus piceis, femoribus posterioribus vix dilatatis, tarsis basi testaceis,
alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus fascia nigricante latissima.

Female. Black, slender, with slight cinereous tomentum; head lurid
about the eyes ; antennae very short ; abdomen lanceolate hindward ;
legs piceous, long, slender ; posterior femora ferruginous, very slightly
dilated ; tarsi testaceous towards the base ; wings slightly cinereous,
darker cinereous at the tips, with a very broad middle blackish band ;
veins black ; cubital and praebrachial veins slightly converging towards
each other exteriorly ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much
less than its length from the border, and by nearly four times its length
from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

Subfam. Ps glides, Walk.

Gen. Micropeza, Macq.

76. Micropeza FORFicuLoiDES, n. s. Mas. Nigra, cyhndrica, gra-
cillima, subcompressa, thorace antico atteuuato, abdomine apice forci-
pato, pedibus posterioribus longissimis, femoribus posterioribus fulvis,
alis nigricautibus postice cinereis.

Male. Black, cylindrical, somewhat compressed, very slender ; antennee
short; 3rd joint conical, longer than the 2nd; thorax attenuated in
front ; abdomen less than twice the length of the thorax, furnished at

254 DIPTEBOTJS INSECTS COLLECTED AT DOBET.

the tip with two erect forceps- like appendages ; legs very slender ;
posterior legs very long ; posterior femora tawny ; wings blackish,
cinereous along the hind border ; veins black ; cubital and prajbrachial
veins very slightly converging towards each other ; postbrachial vein
very near the prsebrachial ; discal transverse vein parted by about its
length from the border, and by about six times its length from the
praebrachial transverse ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 5
lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Gren. Nebius, Fair.

77. Nerius duphcatus, Wied. See vol. iii. p. 125.

"JS. Nerius MANTOiDES, n. s. Mas. Piceus, capite subtus pectoreque
ferrugineis, arista albida, pedibus fulvis, femoribus anticis subserratis,
tibiis anticis apice dilatatis, alis fuscescenti-cinereis. Fcem. Obscu-
I'ior, pedibus piceis simplicibus.

Male. Piceous ; head beneath and pectus fen-uginous ; 3rd joint of the
antennae lanceolate ; arista whitish, apical ; abdomen shorter than the
thorax ; legs tawny, long, stout ; fore femora slightly dilated, minutely
serrated beneath ; fore tibiae dilated towards their tips; wings brownish
cinereous; veins black; cubital and prsebrachial veins converging
towards each other exteriorly ; discal transverse vein oblique, parted
less than its length from the border, and by more than twice its
length from the praebrachial transverse ; halteres tawny. Female.
Darker than the male ; legs piceous, simple. Length of the body
A-A^ lines ; of the wings 7-8 lines.

This species may be distinguished by its wings from N. tibialis, which it
resembles in structure.

Pam. HIPPOBOSCID^, Leach.
Gen. Obnithomtia, Olfers.

79. Ornithomyia Doreica, n. s. Fcem. Picea, capite thoracis la-
teribus anticis pectore pedibusque pallide viridibus, femoribus tibiis-
que piceo vittatis, tarsis piceis, alis cinereis.

Female. Piceous, shining, with black bristles ; head, pectus, and legs
pale green ; sides of the thorax in front pale green, including a piceous
spot ; femora and tibiae striped with piceous ; tarsi piceous ; wings
cinereous ; veins black, very strongly marked. Length of the body
'S^ lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

80. Ornithomyia exilis, n. s. Picea, capite pedibusque obscure vi-
ridibus, alis cinereis.

Piceous, shining ; head and legs dull green ; wings cinereous ; veins
black. Length of the body \\ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

8L Ornithomyia plana, n. s. PaUide viridis, alis cinereis.
Pale green; claws black ; wings cinereous; veins black. Length of the
body 2 lines ; of the wings 4^ lines.

DE. T. S. COBBOLD ON ENTOZOA. 255

Further Observations on Enfozoa, with Experiments. By T^
Spenceb Cobbold, M.D., F.L.S., Lecturer on Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy, Middlesex Hospital College.

[Abetract of Paper read Dec. 20th, I860.]

This communication is designed as a continuation of the author's
serial papers on JEntozoa^ two of which have already appeared in
the Society's Transactions.

The first species noticed is Distoma conjunctwn (Cobbold),
found infesting the liver of the American Red Fox {Canis fulvus) .
Griving an account of its anatomy, Dr. Cobbold closes his
description as follows : — " In connexion with the reproductive
system, I may notice the circumstance of a pair of these flukes
being found sexually united, — an observation so rare,, that it has,
I believe, led some to infer that the hermaphroditic flukes were
capable of self-impregnation. Even Bilharz's discovery of a Tre-
matode specially furnished with a gynaecophoric canal afforded no
direct proof of a true sexual function in the androgynous Disto-
mata, because in his aberrant form (as obtains also in a few others)
the sexes are separate. Many thousands of flukes must have
now passed under my examination, and yet this is the first instance
in which I have observed a true sexual union ; moreover, I am
not acquainted with any similar observation on record, so far as the
truly hermaphroditic species are concerned. In the instance now
mentioned, the opposed suckers were so firmly adherent, that it
was found impossible to detach the animals without breaking them
up piecemeal."

The next species referred to is Pentastoma denticulatum. A
minute account is given of its anatomy, and more particularly of
the cephalic hooks and their capsules. A careful experiment of
the author's, in relation to the question as to whether this animal
is the young oi Pentastoma tcenioides, was attended with a negative
result.

The third species commented on, and minutely described, is
Tricliocejplialus ajjinis, obtained in the present instance from the
caecum of a Giraffe. This parasite had been previously noticed
by the author in his paper entitled " Contributions to the Ana-
tomy of the Giraffe," published in the ' Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London ' for February 1860. Dr. Cobbold
had provisionally recognized it under the title of Tricho«ep]mluH

256 DE. T. S. COBBOLD ON ENTOZOA.

gracilis, but is now satisfied as to its identity with T. affinis of
Eudolphi. In reference to tte reprodvictive organs of the male
T. affinis, the following observations were communicated : — " The
everted part of the sheath of the penis measures about the ^9^^
of an inch in length ; it is perfectly transparent, not always uniform
in breadth, biit covered throughout its entire extent with minute,
conical, sharply pointed spines, whose apices are directed back-
wards towards the body of the animal. The occasional absence
of uniformity in the diameter of the sheath seems to be a point
of some importance ; for, had not my examinations extended over
a considerable number of examples, I might have been led to the
belief that I had to deal with several distinct forms of Tricho-
cepTialus. At first, indeed, this conclusion seemed inevitable ; but
finding iatermediate conditions between perfect uniformity and
the presence of a large flask-shaped distention near the free ex-
tremity, I can only suppose the variations to be due to the degree
of protrusion at which the organ has arrived*."

Eespecting the female organs Dr. Cobbold offers the following
comment : — " In regard to the organs of generation in the female,
Kiichenmeister states that there are no external appendages in
TricJiocephalus comparable to those known to exist in the allied
Triehosomata. So far, however, from this being the case, there is,
in the present species at least, a remarkably prominent and more
or less hourglass-shaped sheath, — this projecting vulva,if it may be
so termed, being obliquely truncated at the free end, where it is
also hollowed out (or, rather, inverted) to give origin to the centrally
enclosed vagina, whose orifice is somewhat constricted. The sur-
face of this appendage is supplied with small spines, precisely like
those in connexion with the penis-sheath of the male, — the spines
being also retroverted. This observation is confirmed by the state-
ment of Mayer, who has described their occurrence at the vaginal
orifice of Trichoceplialus dispar. Dr. Joseph Eberth, of Wiirz-
burg, in a recent number of Siebold and Kolliker's Zeitschriffc,
rather incautiously denies the assertions of Mayer (vol. ix. p.
385), Having discovered long conical processes within the vagina
of T. dispar totally unlike those described by Mayer and myself,
he has inferred that the structures in question are the same as those
seen by us. I translate and quote Dr. Eberth's own words : —
* According to Mayer, these are similar inform and size to the spines

* These appearances Were illiist rated h\ figia-es, whidi will be given, together
witli the paper itself, in the next JS'iunber of the Journal.

NOTE OK GYRODACTYLUS ANCHOEATUS. 257

on the appendix of tlie penis. By means of these bacTcwardly directed
points, tJie spicule when introduced into the vagina is said to he re-
tained during the copulatory act. These statements,' adds Dr. Eberth,
' are not correct ; the villi of the vagina are larger than the spines
of the male, and their points are, on the contrary, directed for-
toards.' The latter part of this observation is, doubtless, quite
true ; for it is evident that our little spiues are entirely different
from the curious villi discovered by Dr. Eberth."

Dr. Cobbold describes two feeding-experiments (one on a rabbit,
the other on a chicken) with the eggs of Trichocephalus qffinis,
which were attended with negative results. His communication is
closed with an appendix enumerating a variety of entozoa obtained
from animals which have died in the Zoological Society's Mena-
gerie, Eegent's Park. Some of these will hereafter form the sub-
ject of a separate notice.

Note on the Occurrence of Gyrodactylus anchoratus, Nordm, By
C. L. Bbadley, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read Dec. 6th, I860.]

In the early part of the present year I took the opportunity of
calling attention to the occurrence of Gyrodactylus elegans upon
the fins and skin of the common Sticklebacks obtained from the
Hampstead Ponds. Since then I have seen the same parasite upon
the fins of other fish kept in the same tank with the infested
Sticklebats — as the Loach, the Gudgeon, and the Roach ; and it has
attacked and lived for several weeks upon the tadpole or young
Frog. Gold Carp under similar circumstances have remained ex-
empt from G. elegans, but on examining their gills quite recently,
I found what appears to be another species, which corresponds to
that described and figvired by Dujardin as G. anchoratus. It diflers
from G. elegans in being much larger ; the cephalic extremity is
four-lobed instead of bifid ; the hooks in the disk are much more
developed, and project considerably beyond its margin. There are
four distinct, black, oculiform dots arranged in pairs towards the
cephalic end on the dorsal sm-face. None of them had the appear-
ance of being a " nurse," or of containing ova.

258 ME. walkee's catalogue of dipteeous insects

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects coDeetedat Manado iu Celebes,
and iu Tond, by Mr. A. E. Wallace, with Descriptions of
New Species. By Feancis "Walker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Eead Nov. 15th, I860.]

(Manado.}

Fam. STEATIOMID^, Haliday.

Gen. Clitellarta, Meigen.

1. Clitellaria tibialis, n. s. Mas. Nigra, nitens, albido pubes-
cens, capite litura alba, antennis luteis, scutello quadrispinoso, pedibus
albis, tarsis anticis tibiisque nigris, alis cinereis apud costam nigris
apice albis, balteribus luteis.

Male. Black, shining, with whitish down. Head a little narrowei* than
the thorax, with a white mark above the base of the antenna;. Eyes
nearly approximate in front, diverging hindward. Antennae luteons ;
3rd joint short-elliptical ; arista long, slender, bare. Thorax elongate-
oval, narrower in front ; scutellum with four long spines. Abdomen
elongate-elliptical, longer than the thorax. Legs white; tibia; and
fore tarsi and tips of the posterior tarsi black. Wings cinereous, black
along the costa, white at the tips, veins black ; halteres luteous.
Length of the body 44 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. Steatiomts, Geoffv.

2. Stratiomys finalis. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 94.

Fam. TABANID^, Leach.
Gen. Tabantjs, Linn.

3. Tabanus speculum, n. s. Mas. Ater, capite macula antica alba,
antennamm articulo 3° rufo, thorace fasciculis quatuor lateralibus albis,
scutello argenteo, abdomine fasciis interruptis albis, alis nigris cinereo
strigatis, apicibus maculaque discali limpidis, macula antica parva
lurida, haltcribus apice pallide flavescentibus.

Male. Deep black. Head with a white transverse spot in front of the
antenna; ; callus shining, very slender. Eyes uniform ; facets ex-
tremely minute. Third joint of the antennae dark red, with an acute
distinct horn. Thorax with two tufts of white hairs on each side by
the base of the wings ; scutellum silvery white, except along the fore
border. Abdomen with a white band on the hind border of each seg-
ment; these bands are widely interrupted on each side above, but
entire beneath. Wings black, with cinereous streaks in the ai'colets,
with limpid tips, and with a limpid oval discal spot, in front of which

COLLECTED AT MANADO AND TOND. 259

there is a much smaller lurid spot ; veins black ; fore branch of the
cubital vein much curved near the base, slightly curved from thence
to the tip; halteres with pale yellow tips. Length of the body 10
lines; of the wings 18 lines.

4. Tabanus flexilis (see Vol. IV. p. 104). Mas. Piceus, antennis
rufis apice nigris, thorace aurato, abdomine fulvo elongato fasciis
duabus latis fernigineis, fasciis duabus posticis apiceque nigris, pedi-
bus nigris, alis cinercis costa fasciisque duabus abbreviatis fuscis, hal-
teribus luteis apice albis.

Male. Piceous. Head beneath, thorax, and pectus with gilded tomen-
tum and hairs. Eyes uniform, connected above ; facets extremely
small. Proboscis black. Antenna; red, black towards the tips ; horn
of the 3rd joint extremely small. Abdomen tawny, elongate ; 2nd
and 3rd segments with broad ferruginous bands ; 4 th and 5tli with
black bands ; 6th also black. Legs black ; femora slightly clothed
with gilded down. Wings cinereous, brown along the costa, and with
two brown bands which are abbreviated hindward ; 2nd band very
broad ; veins black ; fore branch of the cubital vein much curved near
the base, more slightly curved from thence to the tip ; halteres luteous,
with white knobs. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 14
lines.

Fam. ASILID^, LeaeJi.

Subfam. Dasypoc40Kites, Walk.

Gen. DiSGOCEPHALA, Macq.

5. DiscocEPHALA CONCOLOR, H. s. Mas. Nigra, ferrugineo subto-
mentosa, pectore cano, pedibus robiistis, alis nigris, halteribus apice
albis.

Male. Black, slightly covered with ferruginous tomentnm. Eyes flat
and with large facets in front. Pectus hoary. Legs stout, shining.
Wings black ; halteres with white tips. Length of the body 2i hnes;
of the wings 6 lines.

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.

G-en. Teupanea, Macq.

6. Trupanea CONCOLOR, n. s. Mas. Cinereo-nigra, capite barba
alba mystacc nigro, thorace abdomineque vittis duabus lateralibus
cinereis, abdomine fasciculo subapicali albo, pedibus crassis, femoribus
rufo vittatis, tibiis rufis, alis fuscis.

Allied to T. calorifica.

Male. Cinereous black, with black bristles. Head with a thick whitish
beard ; mystax composed of many black bristles. Antennae black ;
3rd joint lanceolate, more than half the length of the arista. Thorax
with two lateral cinereous stripes, which are continued along the sides
of the abdomen. Abdomen much longer than the thorax, with a

260 MR. walkee's catalogue of dipteeotjs insects

white subapical tuft ; appendages large, black, shining. Legs very
robust; femora with red stripes; tibise red. Wings brown; veins
black ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings
16 lines.

Gen. AsiLUS, Linn.

7. AsiLUS AREOLATUS. Fffiwi. Cinerco-niger, barba parva, mystace
nigro, abdoraine lanceolato, pedibus robustis, alis nigricantibus postice
cinereis.

Female. Cinereous black. Head dark gilded in front ; epistoma con-
vex ; beard small ; mystax with numerous black bristles, occupying
most of the face. Third joint of the antennas fusiform ; arista about
thrice the length of the 3rd joint. Abdomen lanceolate, black and
shining towards the tip, more than twice the length of the thorax.
Legs robust, with black hairs and bristles. Wings blackish, blackish
cinereous hindward, where the disks of the areolets are cinereous;
veins black ; hind branch of the cubital vein undulating. Length of
the body 10 lines ; of the wings 18 hues.

8. Asilus mendax. Walk. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. New Series, iv. 130.
Allied to A. areolaris.

Gen. Ommattus, Illiger.

9. Ommatius strictus. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 109.

Fam. BOMBYLID^, Leach.

Subfam. Theeevites, Walk.

Gen. Theeeva, Latr.

10. Thereva congrua. Walk. See Vol. IL p. 90.

Fam. MUSCID^, Latr.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.

Gen. Dexia, Meigen.

IL Dexia CYLiNDRicA, n. s. Mus. Nigra, gracilis, cylindrica, capite
argenteo, frontalibus atris, pectore argenteo maculis quatuor atris,
abdomine fasciis interruptis albis, pedibus longissimis, alis nigricante
cinereis.

Male. Black, slender, cylindrical. Head silvery white ; frontalia deep
black, linear ; face vertical. Antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd
joint hnear, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose.
Pectus silvery white, with two deep-black spots on each side. Abdo-
men slightly compressed, full twice the length of the thorax, with an
interrupted white baud on the fore border of each segment, and with
stout black bristles on the hind borders of the segments. Legs very

COLLECTED AT MANADO AND TOND. 261

long. Wings blackish cinereous, black along the costa ; praebrachial
vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is curved inward,
and is thence straight to its tip ; discal transverse vein nearly straight,
parted by little more than half its length from the border, and by
much less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae
cinereous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Subfam. Muscides, Walk.
Gen. MuscA, Linn.

12. MuscA (Subgen. Isomyia, Walk.) conflagrans, n. s. Mas. Ru-
fescenti-cuprea, capite cinereo-piceo, proboscide palpis antennisque
nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro marginatis, ahs fuscis postice
cinereis.

Closely allied to M. delectans.

Male. Reddish cupreous. Head piceous, with cinereous tomentum.
Proboscis, palpi, and legs black. Antennae piceous. Scutellum golden
green hiudwai-d. Hind borders of the abdominal segments black.
Wings brown, cinereous hindward ; veins black ; praebrachial vein
forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, slightly curved inward
from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by
very much less than its length from the border and from the flexure
of the ])raebrachial ; alulae brown. Length of the body 5 lines ; of
the wings 8 lines.

Subfam. Anthomtides, Walk.
Gen. SpiLoaASTEE, Macq.

13. Spilogaster xanthoceras. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 141.

Subfam. Oetalides, Holiday.
Gen. Lampbogastee, Macq.

14. Lamprogaster lutkipennis, n. s. Fcem. Laete viridis aut
cyaneo-vhidis, capite proboscide antennis pedibus halteribusque luteis,
tibiis anticis nigricantibus, alis limpidis, gutta strigaque costalibus
nigricantibus, venis transversis nigro nebulosis.

Female. Bright green or bluish green. Head, proboscis, antennae, legs,
and halteres luteous. Antennae not more than half the length of the
face. Tarsi pale, with blackish tipsj fore tibiae blackish. Wings
limpid ; veins luteous ; costa with a blackish dot opposite the discal
transverse vein, and a blackish apical streak ; transverse veins clouded
with black ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by about one-sixth
of its length from the border, and by about its length from the prae-
brachial transverse. Length of the body 4-5 lines , of the wings 8-10
lines.

15. Lamprogaster sexvittata, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, crassa, capite

262 MK. avalker's catalogue of dipterous insects

albido fasciis duabus nigris, anteiinis fulvis, thorace pectoveque vittis
sex albidis, abdomine purpurascenti-cyaneo, tarsis halteribusque albi-
dis, alis cinereis, maculis plurimis ti-ansversis fasciisque duabus iiigii-
cantibus.
Female. Black, broad, thick. Head whitish, with two black bands ou
the front, and a narrower one on the face. Antennae tawny, about
half the length of the face ; arista plumose. Thorax and pectus with
three whitish stripes on each side, the first pair connected on the liind
border of the scutellum. Abdomen purphsh blue. Tarsi whitish,
with black tips. Wings cinereous, with many transverse blackish
spots, and with two blackish bands; veins black : longitudinal veins
slightly undulating or irregular : discal transverse vein straight, parted
by more than half its length from the border, and by more than its
length from the praibrachial transverse vein ; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 41 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

G-en. Dacus, Fahr.

16. Dacus divergens. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 149.

Var. nigricanti-cyaneus, longus, eapite atro antice rufescente, antennis
longis basi rufescentibus, arista alba filiformi, thorace vittis tribus
cinereis, pedibus piceis, femoribus fulvis, alis cinereis, costa apicali
venisque transversis nigricante nebulosis, haltej-ibus albidis.

Blackish-blue, shining, long, slender. Head deep black above, with
whitish tomentum behind and about the eyes ; face keeled, reddish in
the disk. Antennae black, reddish towards the base, as long as the face ;
3rd joint slender, linear, about eight times tlie length of the 2nd ;
arista white, filiform. Thorax with three cinereous stripes ; pectus
cinereous. Abdomen more slender than the thorax. Legs piceous ;
femOTa tawny. Wings cinereous, blackish about the transverse veins
and along the apical part of the costa to the end of the praebrachial
vein ; cubital and prsebrachial veins very approximate from the base
to the prsebrachial transverse vein, thence rather remote from each
gther ; discal transverse vein slightly curved, parted by one-eighth of
its length from the border, and by very much more than its length
from the obhque prae^brachial transverse vein ; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Gen. Eniconeuea, 3£acq.

17. Eniconeuka pictipennis. Walk, (see Vol. IV. p. 155). Fam.
Lutea, eapite maculis duabus nigris, thorace punctato vittis quatuor
indistinctis fuscescentibus, pectore strigis duabus nigris, abdomine
longo, alis paliide luteis nigro strigatis ])ostice cinereis.

Female. Luteous, shining, paler beneath. Head above with a large
elongated black spot, and with a transverse black spot on the face.
Thorax punctured, with black hairs and bristles, and with four indi-

COLLECTED AT MANADO AND TOND. 263

stinct brownish stripes. Pectus with a black streak on each side.
Abdonaen fusiform, with pale hairs, lanceolate and paler towards the
tip, full twice the length of the thorax. Wings pale luteous, cinereous
along the hind border, with in-egular black streaks along the veins ;
costa also black ; veins tawny ; discal transverse vein oblique, slightly
curved, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
more than its length fi-om the praebrachial transverse vein. Length
of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Subfarn. Diopsides, WaJk.

Gen. Diopsis, Linn.

18. Diopsis subnotata, Westw. See Vol. IV. p. 161.

Earn. HIPPOBOSCID^, Leach.
Gren. Oenithomtia, Olfers.

19. Ornithomya simplex, n. s. Testaceo-viridis, nitens, pedibus
pallide viridibus subsetosis, alis cinereis, venisanticis pallide viridibus.

Dull testaceous green, shining, paler beneath. Legs pale green, slightly
setose. Wings cinereous ; costal veins pale green. Length of the
body 2 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

(Tmd.)

Fam. MYCETOPHILID^, Haliday.

Gen. SciAEA, Meigen.

1. SciARA LONGiPES, n. s. Cincreo-nigra, robusta, antennis thorace
non longioribus, pedibus longis, femoribus sulcatis, alis nigricanti-
cinereis.

Cinereous black, stout. Antennae rather stout, as long as the thorax.
Legs long ; femora furrowed. Wings blackish cinei'eous ; radial and
cubital veins black, stout ; the other veins blackish, slender ; fork of
the subapical vein opposite the end of the radial vein. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Fam. TABANIDiE, Leach.
Gen. Cheysops, Meigen.

2. Chrysops fasciatus, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 112.

Fam. ASILID^, Leach.

Subfarn. Lapheites, Walk.

Gen. Lapheia, Fahr.

3. Laphria flammipennis, U.S. Mas. Nigra, capite aurato, mys-

264 MR. walker's CATALOaUE or DIPTEROUS INSECTS

taee nigro, antennarum articulo 2" rufo, thorace rufescente subtomeu-
toso, abdomine nigricante cupreo glauco-suffuso, pedibus rufis, femori-
bus nigris, alis luteis apice nigris, halteribus albidis.
Male. Black. Head with bright gilded hairs ; epistoma prominent ;
mystax with a few black bristles. Antenna? hardly longer than half
the breadth of the head; 2nd joint mostly red; 3rd linear, tapering
towards the tip. Thorax slightly covered with reddish tomentum,
which is divided by a slender stripe ; sides and hind border reddish.
Abdomen blackish cupreous, shining, with glaucous reflexions. Legs
reddish, robust, bristly ; coxa;, trochanters, and femora black. Wings
bright luteous, with black tips ; hind border blackish ; halteres whitish.
Length of the body 8-10 lines; of the wings 14-18 lines.

4. Laphria Vulcanus, Wied (see Vol. L p. 10), var. Fcem. Nigra,
capite aurato, mystace nigro, pectoris lateribus aurato notatis, seg-
mentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis glaucescentibus utrinque
aurato maculatis, pedibus rufescentibus, alis nigricantibus, halteribus
albidis.

Female. Black. Head with bright gilded tomentum and hairs; epi-
stoma prominent; mystax with some black bristles. Antenna; hardly
longer than half the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint linear, tapering
towards the tip. Sides of the pectus with patches of pale gilded
tomentum. Hind borders of the abdominal segments with a glaucous
tinge ; their sides with spots of gilded tomentum. Legs reddish ;
coxse and trochanters black. Wings blackish ; veins black ; halteres
whitish. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

5. Laphria obliquistriga, n. s. 3Ias. Nigra, capite argenteo,
mystace albo-nigro, thorace strigis duabus obliquis argenteis, abdo-
mine purpurascenti-cyaneo maculis duabus lateralibus argenteis, alis
nigris iridescentibus, halteribus albidis.

Closely allied to L. scapularis.

Male. Black. Head silvery white, with white hairs ; epistoma slightly
prominent ; mystax with white bristles and with a few longer black
bristles. Antennae hardly as long as half the breadth of the head ;
3rd joint elongate-fusiform. Thorax with an oblique silvery streak
on each side in front. Abdomen purplish blue, with a silvery spot
on each side of the hind border of the 4th segment. Legs purplish-
blue, robust, bristly ; fore tibiae and hind tarsi beneath with gilded
tomentum. Wings black, very iridescent; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.
Gen. Trfpanea, Maeq.

6. Trupanea strenua. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 106. Mas. Nigra, barba
flavescenti-alba, mystace nigro, abdomine fasciculis basalibus albis.

COLLECTED AT ilANADO AND TOXD. 265

pedibus crassis, alis lurido-fuscis, haltenl)us Havescentibus fascia siib-
apicali nigra.
Male. Black. Head cinereous between the antennae and the epistoma,
thickly bearded with yellowish-white hairs ; mystax composed of many
black bristles. Third joint of the antennae subfusiform ; arista full
twice the length of the 3rd joint. Abdomen nearly twice the length
of the thorax, with black hairs and bristles, thickly adorned at the
base with tufts of white plumes ; appendages shining. Legs very
robust, with cinereous hairs and black s])ines. Wings lurid brown ;
veins black ; halteres yellowish, with a black siibapical band. Length
of the bod)' 10 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

7. Trupanea Plutonica, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, crassa, barba
mystaceque auratis, thorace rufescenti-piloso, abdomine lanceolato
apicem versus rufescente, femoribus tibiisque rufo vittatis, alis lurido-

The Binder is requested to observe that the extra Kumber of the
Journal, published in July last, and which was described by mistake
on the cover as " supplemental to Vol. 4," should be bound up with
Vol. 5, between the ZooZofjfjcaZ portions of Numbers 17 and 18, with
which it will be found to be continuously paged.

.„^„. „..-...., ^^^>..., ^..-y^, .

!). Ommatius discalis, n.s. Foem. Cinereo-niger, capite mysta-
ceque auratis, antennis basi pedibusque fulvis, thorace vittis tribiis
subauratis, abdomine fulvo fascia lata subapicali nigra, femoribus nigro
strigatis, tarsis nigris, alis luridis apice nigricantibus.
Female. Cinereous-black. Head and pectus with pale gilded tomcn-
tum; epistoma not prominent; mystax with many gilded bristles.
yVntenna; tawny at the base. Thorax with three stripes of slightly
gilded tomentum. Abdomen tawny, black towards the tip, which is
tawny. Legs tawny, robust; hind femora with a short blnrk streak ;
tarsi black. Wings lurid, blackish towards the tips; veins black,
tawny towards the base ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 0 lines ;
of the wings IS lines.
LINX. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. IS

264 MR. walker's CATALOaFE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

tace nigro, antennarum articulo 2° rufo, thorace rufescente subtomeu-
toso, abdomine nigricante cupreo glauco-sutfuso, pedibus rufis, femori-
bus nigris, alis luteis apice nigris, halteribus albidis.
Male. Black. Head with bright gilded hairs ; epistoraa prominent ;
mystax with a few black bristles. Antenna; hardly longer than half
the breadth of the head ; 2nd joint mostly red ; 3rd linear, tapering
towards the tip. Thorax slightly covered with reddish tomentum,
which is divided by a slender stripe ; sides and hind border reddish.
Abdomen blackish cupreous, shining, with glaucous reflexions. Legs
reddish, robust, bristly ; coxa;, trochanters, and femora black. Wings
bright luteous, with black tips ; hind border blackish ; halteres whitish.
Length of the body 8-10 lines; of the wings 14-18 lines.

4. Laphria Vulcanus, Wied (see Vol. L p. 10), var. Fcem. Nigra,
capite aurato, mystace nigro, pectoris lateribus aurato notatis, seg-
mentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis glaucescentibus utrinque
aurato maculatis. uedihns vnfpc^on+^K.,.-. .,i;- -; — --- •>

-J, — „xxx,»i*i. xiiuiaA witii an ODiique silvery streak

on each side in front. Abdomen purplish blue, with a silvery sjiot
on each side of the hind border of the 4th segment. Legs purplish-
blue, robust, bristly ; fore tibiae and hind tarsi beneath with gilded
tomentum. Wings black, very iridescent ; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.
Gen. Trupanea, Macq.

6. Trupanea strenua. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 106. Mas. Nigra, barba
flavescenti-alba, mystace nigro, abdomine fasciculis basalibus albis.

COLLECTED AT MANADO AND TOXD. 265

peilibus crassis, alls liirido-fuscis, halteribus Havescentibus fascia sub-
apicali nigra.
Male. Black. Head cinereous between the antenna? and the epistoma,
thickly bearded with yellowish-white hairs ; raystax composed of many
black bristles. Third joint of the antenna; subfusiform ; arista full
twice the length of the 3rd joint. Abdomen nearly twice the length
of the thorax, with black hairs and bristles, thickly adorned at the
base with tufts of white plumes ; appendages shining. Legs very
robust, with cinereous hairs and black s])ines. Wings lurid brown ;
veins black ; halteres yellowish, with a black subapical band. Length
of the body 10 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

/. Trupanea Plutonica, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Nigra, crassa, barba
mystaceque auratis, thorace rufescenti-piloso, abdomine lanceolato
apicem versus rufescente, femoribus tibiisque rufo vittatis, alis lurido-
fuscis, halteribus apice rufescentibus.

Male and Female. Black, very robust. Head gilded between the an-
tennae and the epistoma, thickly clothed behind and very thickly
bearded with pale gilded hairs ; epistoma very prominent, with black
bristles along each side; mystax composed of gilded bristles. Third
joint of the antennae lanceolate ; arista full twice the length of the
.3rd joint. Thorax thinly covered with short reddish hairs; its sides
and hind part with black bristles. Abdomen lanceolate, much nar-
rower than the thorax, and nearly twice its length, clothed above
towards its tip with long reddish hairs. Legs thick, with black spines
and bristles; femora and tibiae with dark red stripes. Wings lurid
brown ; radial areolet with a schistaceous streak ; veins black ; hal-
teres with reddish knobs. Length of the body 10-12 lines; of the
wings 18-22 lines.

Gen. AsiLUs, Linn.
8. Asilus determinatus, fi^alk. See Vol. IV. ]). 107.

(xen. OM]\rATius, Illiger.

*). Ommatius DiscALis, n. s. Faun. Cinereo-niger, capite mysta-
ceque auratis, antennis basi pedibusque fulvis, thorace vittis tribus
subauratis, abdomine fulvo fascia lata subapicali nigra, femoribus nigro
strigatis, tarsis nigris, alis luridis apice nigricantibus.
Female. Cinereous-black. Head and pectus with pale gilded tomen-
tum; epistoma not prominent; mystax with many gilded bristles.
Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax with three stri))es of slightly
gilded tomentum. Abdomen tawny, black towards the tip, which is
tawny. Legs tawny, robust; hind femora with a short blnrk streak ;
tarsi black. Wings hu'id, blackish towards the tips; veins black,
tawny towards the l)asc ; halteres tawny. Length of the bodv ^ lines ;
of the wings 18 lines.
LfNN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 1 S

2G6 MT?. walker's catalogue of dipterotts insects

10. Oimniitius scitulus. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 109.

Earn. BOMBTLIDJE, Leach.
Gen. Anthrax, Fair.

11. Anthrax Tantalus, Fabr. See Vol. IV. p. 111.

Fam. SYHPHID^, Leach.

Gen. Ceria, Fah\

12. Ceria lateralis, Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 118.

Gen. Eristalis, Latr.

13. Eristalis tortuosa, n. s. Mas. Atra, capite chalybeo-nigro,
arista nuda, thorace fascia interrupta, abdomine fasciis chalybeis, tibiis
basi albidis, alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus
pallidis.

Allied to E. bomboides.

Male. Deep black. Head chalybeous black, and very prominent in front.
Antennae black ; arista simple. Tliorax partly bluish black, with a
chalybeous interrupted band on the suture in front. Abdomen with
chalybeous bands. Legs black ; tibiae whitish towards the base.
Wings dark cinereous, blackish along the costa ; veins black ; hal-
teres pale. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Gen. Paragus, Latr.

14. Paragus latiusculus, n.s. FcEtn. Niger, latus, facie testacea,
thorace cupreo-nigro, abdomine basi fasciisque duabus fulvescentibus,
tarsis halteribusque fulvis, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus.

Female. Black, broad. Facies testaceous, produced. Proboscis testa-
ceous towards the tip. Antennae with the 3rd joint subfusiform.
Thorax cupreous black. Abdomen dull tawny at the base, and with
two dull tawny bands on the fore borders of the segments. Knees,
tarsi, and halteres tawny. Wings cinereous, blackish at the tips ;
veins black. Length of the body 2i lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Fam. MUSCIDiE, Latr.

Subfam. Dexides, WalJc.

Gen. Dexia, Meigen.

15. Dexia fusiformis, n. s. F(£m. Nigra, setosa, fusiformis, capite
argenteo, frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo 3" longissimo, arista
pluraosa, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, scutello postico abdominisque

COLLECTED AT MANADO AND TOND. 267

fasciis tribus fulvescentibus, pedibus lougis, alls cinereis nigricante
strigatis, halteribus pallide flavesceiitibus.
Female. Black, bristly, fusiform. Head silvery white, much narrower
thau the thorax ; frontalia deep black, widening in front ; epistoma
prominent. Eyes bare. Proboscis slender, jointed. Autennaj not
reaching the epistoma ; .':ird joint slender, linear, full six times the
length of the 2nd; arista plumose. Thorax with three cinereous
stripes ; scutellum tawny hiudward. Abdomen semipellucid, much
broader than the thorax, with three dull tawny bands; 1st and
2nd bands broad, interrupted; 3rd narrower, entii'e. Legs long.
Wings cinereous, blackish along the costa and along the black veins ;
prsebrachial vein slightly curved inward towards its tip, forming a
well-defined right angle at its flexure; discal transverse vein undu-
lating, parted by a little less than half its length from the border, and
by a little less than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial
veiu ; halteres pale yellowish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the
wings 14 lines.

Subfam. Muscides, Walk.

Gren. Idia, Meigen.

16. Idia divisa, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Obscure viridis, subtus testaceo-
alba, capite atro, antennis nigris, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, ab-
dominis disco lurido-fusco, tarsis albidis apico nigris, alls obscure
cinereis, costa nigra.

Male and Female. Dark green ; testaceous white beneath, except towards
the tip of the abdomen. Head deep black and shining in front. An-
tennae, proboscis, and palpi black. Thorax with four cinereous stripes.
Abdomen lurid-brown, except towards the tip. Tarsi whitish, with
black tips. Wings dark cinereous ; costa and veins black ; praebra-
chial vein much rounded at its flexure ; discal transverse vein hardly
undulating, parted by much less than its length from the border, and
by more than its length from the flexure of the pra;brachial vein.
Length of the body 35-4 lines ; of the wings 6-7 lines.

Gen. MuscA, Linn.

17. Musca (Gen. Silbomyia, Mactj'.) prospera,fFaZA:. See Vol. IV. p. 133.

18. MuscA (Gen. Musca, Linn.) umbrifera, n. s. Fcem.. Nigra, ca-
pite pectore abdomineque cinereis, peristomatis lateribus antennisque
rufis, thoracis lateribus fulvo pilosis, segmentorura abdominalium mar-
ginibus posticis nigris, alls obscure cinereis antice nigricantibus, hal-
teribus fulvis.

Female. Black, dull. Head cinereous ; frontalia black, widening in
front ; sides of the peristoma dark red. Antenna; dark red, much
shorter than the face. Pectus and si<les of the thorax cinereous,

IS*

26<S MR. avalkee's catalogue of dipterous insects

the latter with tawny hairs. Abdomen cinereous, shining, with nu-
merous black bristles ; hind borders of the segments black. Wings
dark cinereous, blackish in front ; veins tawny, black towards the tips ;
prsebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and rounded angle at its flex-
ure, almost straight from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein un-
dulating, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by
much less than its length from the pra;brachial transverse vein ; alulje
cinereous ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
10 lines.

Subfam. Lauxanides, Walk.

Gen. Celtphus, Dolman.

19. Celyphus scutatus, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 131.

Subfam. Oktalides, Holiday.

Gen. Platystoma, Latr.

20. Platystoma frontalis, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, capite testaceo,
fronte nigra, facie plana longissima nigro bimaculata, antennarum
articulo 3" Imeari longissimo arista nuda, thorace nigricante vittis
quatuor cinereis, abdomine nigro brevi raaculis fasciisque duabus cine-
reis, pedibus rufis, femoribus apice nigris, tarsis uigris basi rufis, alis
subcinereis e maculis nigris subfasciatis.

Male. Cinereous. Head testaceous ; front black, slightly oblique ;
face flat, very long, slightly retracted, forming au obtuss angle with
the front, with a black spot on each side of the epistoma. Antennae
about half the length of the face ; 3rd joint linear, very long ; arista
bare, hardly longer than the 3rd joint. Disk of the thorax blackish,
with four slender cinereous stripes, the inner pair almost contiguous.
Abdomen black, elongate-oval, much shorter and rather narrower
than the thorax, cinereous towards the base, with two cinereous spots
on each side of the middle part, and with a broad subapical cinereous
band. Legs dark red ; femora black towards the tips ; tibiae streaked
with black ; tarsi black except towards the base. Wings pale cine-
reous, with a luteous tinge about the slightly dilated basal part of the
costa, with numerous black spots and dots, most of which form four
irregular bands; veins black, luteous towards the base; discal trans-
verse vein almost straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from the
border, and by nearly twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse
vein. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

21. Platystoma punctiplena, n. s. Fcem. Cinereo-nigra, capite
piceo, arista subpubescente, thorace sublineato, pectore punctato, alis
nigris limpido punctatis fascia furcata nigra.

Female. Cinereous black. Headpiceous, white about the eyes; mouth

COLLECTED AT MAN ADO AND TOND. 269

very thick. Autenuae much shorter than the face ; 3rd joint elongate-
conical; arista minutely pubescent. Thorax with several indistinct
and very slender cinereous lines ; pectus with cinereous punctures.
Legs black, shining. Wings black, entirely covered with limpid points,
except a black band which is forked in front ; border beyond the
band with limpid dots ; veins black ; discal transverse vein nearly
straight, ])arted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
about its length from the praebrachial transverse vein. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Sabfam. Sepsides, Walk

Gen. Phttalmia, Gerstaecker .

Div. n.

Mas. Corpus longum, graeile, cylindrlcum. Caput supra depressum.
Oculi cornubus duobus longis angustis apice dilatatis oblique porrectis
et ascendentil)us muniti. Antennae angulatae; articulus i3"Minearis,
longiusculus ; arista gracilis, simplex. Thorax antice attenuatus.
Abdomen compressum, thorace duplo longius. Pedes longissimi,
gracillimi. Ala3 angustse.

Allied to Calobata.

Male. Body long, slender, cylindrical. Head flat above. Eyes fur-
nished with two long slender folded appendages, which extend forward
diverging and obliquely ascending, are dilated at the tips, and are
almost half the length of the body. Antennae angular; 3rd joint
linear, rounded at the tip, a little longer than the 1st and 2nd together;
arista slender, simple. Thorax attenuated in front. Abdomen com-
pressed, full twice the length of the thorax. Legs very long and slen-
der. Wings much like those of Calobata in structure.

22. Phytalmia guttipennis, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite pedibusque
rufescentibus, cornubus antenuisque nigris, pectore seneo-viridi, femori-
bus posterioribus apice pedibusque auticis nigris, tibiis anticis apice
tarsisque anticis basi albis, alis uigricautibus albido quadriguttatis.

Male. Black. Head reddish ; its appendages and the antennae black,
the former reddish towards the base. Pectus aeneous-green, varied
with cupreous and with purple. Legs reddish ; tips of the posterior
femora black. Fore legs black ; femora towards the base and coxie
reddish ; tibiae at the tijjs and tarsi at the base white. Wings black-
ish, with four whitish dots in each ; veins black ; halteres with tes-
taceous tips. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.

Gen. Nebius, Wied.

23. Nerius fuscipennis, Macq. See Vol. I. p. .'JH.

270 ME. walkee's catalogue of dipteeous insects

Gen. CcENUEaiA, Walk.

24. CcENURGiA REMiPES, Walk, (see Vol. IV. p. 164). Fam. Lutea,
gracilis, nitens, capite guttis tribus nigris, antennarum articulo 3° lan-
ceolato arista alba, thorace vittis duabus interruptis nigris, abdomine
lanceolate, femoribus compressis latiusculis apice nigris, tibiis tarsisque
piceis, alis liuido-cinereis.

Female. Luteous, slender, shining. Head a little broader than the
thorax, with a black dot on the vertex and another on each side in
front. Third joint of the antennae compressed, lanceolate ; arista
white, stout, longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with an interrupted
black stripe on each side. Abdomen lanceolate, nearly twice the
length of the thorax ; oviduct exserted. Legs long ; femora com-
pressed, rather broad, with black tips ; tibial and tarsi piceous.
Wings lurid cinereous ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein converging
outward towards the cubital vein ; discal transverse vein almost
straight, parted by nearly its length from the border, and by a little
more than twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse vein.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 5^ lines.

Fain. HIPPOBOSCID^, Leach.
Gen. Oenithomyia, Olfers.

25. Oknithomyia obscurata, n. s. Nigra, nitens, pedibus obscure
viridibus robustis setosis, alis obscure cinereis, venis anticis nigris
crassis.

Black, shining. Legs dark green, robust, setose. Wings dark cinereous ;
costal veins black, thick. Length of the body 2^ lines; of the wings
6 lines.

Tarn. NTCTERIBID^, Leach.
Gen. NycTEEiBiA, Latr.

26. Nycteribia dubia ? Westw. Zool. Soc. Trans, i. p. 289.
Inhabits also the Philippine Islands.

Catalogue of tlie Dipterous Insects collected in Batchian, Kaisaa
and Makian, and at Tidon in Celebes, by Mr. A. E. Wallace,
with Descriptions of New Species. By Francis Walkee,
Esq., P.L.S.

[Eead Nov. 15th, I860.]

JBatchian.

Fam. STRATIOMID^, Haliday.

Gen. Ptiloceea, Wied.

1. Ptilocera quadridentata, Fabr. See Vol. I. j). 7-

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 271

Gen. Steatiomts, Oeoffroy.

2. Stratiomys ^qualis, n. s. Foem. Cupreo-nigra, capite nigro
nitente antice rufescente, anteunis rufescentibus, thoracis lateribus
auratis, scutelli margine pectoreque flavis, hujus disco nigro, abdomi-
nis lateribus ventre pedibusque fulvis, femoribus tibiisque nigro fas-
ciatis, alis cinereis, costa fuscescentej halteribus pomaceis.

Female. Cupreous black. Head black, shining, reddish in front, with
white tomentum about the eyes. Antennae reddish, lanceolate towards
the tips, shorter than half the breadth of the head. Sides of the tho-
rax gilded; scutellura bordered with yellow, armed with four small
spines ; pectus yellow, with a black disk. Abdomen black, shining,
tawny along each side and beneath. Legs tawny; femora and tibiae
with black bands. Wings cinereous, brownish along the costa ; veins
black ; halteres apple-green. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 7 lines.

Geu. Clitellauta, Meigen.

3. Clitellaria obesa, Walk. See p. 232.

Gen. Massictta, Walk.

4. Massicyta cerioides. Walk. See Vol. IIL p. 7B.

Gen. Salduea, Walk.

5. Salduba. hilaris, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, gracilis, subline-
aris, antennis compressis subarcuatis basi fulvo variis, flagello line-
ar!, thorace vittis quatuor auratis, pedibus luteis, tarsis pallidiori-
bus, tibiis posticis nigris, alis cinereis apice obscurioribus, halteribus
pallidis.

Closely allied to S, diphysoides, and apparently a local or sub-species.

Male and Female. Black, slender, linear. Proboscis yellow, with a
black tip. Antennae compressed, slightly curved, nearly twice the
length of the breadth of the head ; scape fusiform, partly tawny ;
flagellum linear, acuminated, very much longer than the scape. Four
stripes on the thorax and border of the scutellum of gilded tomentum.
Legs luteous ; tarsi white or pale yellow, with black tips ; coxfc and
hind tibise black. Wings cinereous, darker towards the tips ; veins
black ; halteres white or pale yellow. Male. Smaller than the female ;
eyes more approximate but not contiguous. Length of the body 3-4^
lines ; of the wings 5-8 lines.

6. Salduba lugubris, n. s. Mas. Atra, gracilis, linearis, capite
nitente, antennis basi fulvis, flagello lineari, thorace vittis duabus
cinereis, tarsis albidis, alis nigricantibus.

Male. Deep black, slender, linear. Head shining. Eyes approximate

272 MR. walker's catalogue of bipteeous insects

above. AutemiiE nearly linear, much longer than the breadth of the
head; scape mostly tawny; flagellum longer than the scape. Thorax
with a cinereous stripe on each side. Tarsi whitish, with black tips.
Wings blackish ; veins black. Length of the body 31 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines,

7. Salduba MELANARiA, U.S. Mos. Atra, graciUs, linearis, capita
producto, antennis linearibus vix arcuatis basi fulvis, scutelli margine
postico sulcato, tarsis posterioribus albidis, alis nigris.

Male. Deep black, slender, linear. Head and eyes very flat above ; the
former produced into a short rostrum, on which the antenna? are seated.
Antenna; filiform, hardly curved, a little longer than the breadth of
the head ; scape tawny on the inner side at the base. Thorax elon-
gate ; scutcllum with a transverse fvn-row near the hind border. Ab-
domen hardly longer than the thorax. Posterior tarsi whitish, with
black tips. Wings and veins black. Length of the body 3 lines ; of
the wings .5 lines.

8. Salduba scapularis, n. s. 3Ias. Atra, elongata, capite antico
producto, antennis compressis subarcuatis, flagello lanceolato, thorace
subpubescente, scutello dentibus quatuor ferrugineis, pedibus piceis,
tarsis posterioribus albidis, alis nigricantibus.

Male. Deep black, elongate. Eyes flat and connected above. Au-
tennte compressed, slightly curved upward, seated on a protuberance
of the head, and a little shorter than its breadth ; flagellum lanceolate,
not longer than the scape. Thorax minutely pubescent ; humeral
angles acute ; scutellum armed with four minute ferruginous teeth.
Abdomen fusiform, a little longer and broader than the thorax. Legs
piceous ; posterior tarsi whitish, with piceous tips. Wings blackish ;
veins black ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 5 lines.

9. Salduba singularis, u. s. Mas. Nigra, longa, gracilis, antennis
linearibus vix arcuatis, flagello basi rufo, thorace cinereo vittis duabus
nigris, scutello inermi, femoribus rufis, tarsis albis, femoribus posticis
incrassatis spinosis, alis nigricantibus.

Male. Black, long, slender. Eyes connected above. Antennse com-
pressed, linear, hardly curved, much longer than the breadth of the
head ; flagellum red towards the base, about thrice the length of the
scape. Thorax with cinereous tomentum, which is interrupted by a
black stripe on each side; scutellum prominent, rounded, unarmed.
Abdomen deep black, cylindrical, nearly twice the length of the tho-
rax, shining and tumid at the tip. Femora mostly red; tarsi vihite,
\\ ith black tips ; hind femora incrassated, with minute spines beneath.
Wings blackish ; veins black. Length of the body 3-4 j lines ; of the
wings 5-S lines.

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 278

Gen. Obrapa, Walk.

10. Obrapa perilampoides, Walk. See Vol. III. p. 82.

11. Obrapa celyphoides, Walk. See "Vol. IV. p. 83. The descrip-
tion referred to here is incomplete ; and therefore the following cha-
racters are added : —

F(Em. Atra, obscura, brevis, lata, capite nitente, antennis piceis basi
albidis, scutello et postscutello productis, abdomine impresso, tarsis
posterioribus luteis, alls limpidis nebula postica nigricante, halteribus
albis.
Female. Deep black, dull, short, broad, thick. Head shining, with
white tomentum in front. Antenna; piceous, whitish at the base.
Scutellum conical, very prominent ; the postscutelluui projecting be-
yond it, and forming a rim round its border. Abdomen shorter and
broader than the thorax, with impressions above, and with two deeper
excavations at the tip. Posterior tarsi luteous. Wings limpid ; veins
yellow, black for half the length from the base, with a blackish cloud
hindward. Halteres white. Length of the body 1^ line ; of the
wings 2| lines.
This species may be distinguished from 0. perilampoides by its narrower
body, b)' its dull coloui', by the very different shape of the scutellum, by
the cloud on the wings, and by the greater blackness of the veins.

Gen. Chrtsomyia, Macq.

12. Chrysomyia BiPARS, n. s, Mas. Laete cyanea, viridi varia, pro-
boscide pedibus halteribusque ])allide flavis, antennis abdomineque
pallida luteis, alis limpidis.

Male. Bright blue, varied with green. Head a little broader than the
thorax. Proboscis and legs pale yellow. Antennae and abdomen pale
luteous, the former very small. Wings limpid; veins and halteres
jjale yellovA'ish. Length of the body I5 line ; of the wings 3 lines.

Gen. Saegus, Fabr.

13. Sargus concisus, n. s. Mas. La;te cyaneus, ore pedibusque
albidis, antennis rufescentibus, thoracis lateribus purpureo variis, ab-
domine ]nirpureo, femoribus tibiisque piceo variis, alis cinereis, hal-
teribus testaceis.

Allied to S redhihens.

Male. Bright blue. Eyes parted above by a very narrow interval.

Mouth whitish. Antennae reddish ; 3rd joint round. Thorax varied

with purple on each side. Abdomen bright purj)le. Legs whitish ;

femora and tibiae ])artly piceous. Wings cinereous ; veins black ;

halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 3 lines; of the wings 8

lines.

14. Sargu.s TiniALi.s, n. s. Mas. Cupreo-purpureus, ore antennis pedi-

274 ME. walker's catalogue oe dipteeous insects

bus halteribusque albidis, femoribus anterioribus apice tarsis posticis
basi necnon femoribus tibiisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis.

Allied to S. redhibens.

Male. Cupreous purple. Mouth and antennae whitish ; 3rd joint of
the latter round. Thorax with a whitish slender callus along each
side. Abdomen elongate subfusiform. Legs whitish ; anterior femora
towards the tips, hind tarsi towards the base, hind femora and hind
tibiae black. Wings cinereous ; veins black ; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

15. Sargus auADRiFASCiATus, Walk. See ante, p. 146. The de-
scription here referred to is incomplete ; the following characters are
more con-ect : —

Mas et Fcem. Luteo-fulvus, ore antennis pedibusque testaceis, tibiis
posticis nigris, tarsis posticis albis basi nigris, alis subcinereis. Mas.
Abdomine fasciis duabus nigris. Fcem. Abdomine fasciis quatuor
nigris.

Male and Female. Luteous tawny. Head black, shining. Eyes parted
by a very narrow interval in the female. Mouth and antennae testa-
ceous ; 3rd joint of the latter round. Legs testaceous ; hind tibiae
black ; hind tarsi white, black towards the base ; anterior tarsi with
black tips. Wings slightly cinereous ; veins black, testaceous at the
base. Male. Abdomen with two black bands towards the tip, and
with black appendages. Female. Abdomen with four black bands.
Length of the body 3^-4 lines ; of the wings 6-7 hues.

16. Sargus TARSALis, n. s. Foem. Fulvus, capite nigro nitente, tho-
race subvittato, abdomine fasciis abbreviatis dilatatis nigricantibus,
tibiis posticis nigris, tarsis posticis albidis basi nigris, alis nigricantibus,
areolarum discis cinereis.

Allied to S. repensans.

Female. Tawny. Head black and shining above. Third joint of the
antennae round. Thorax indistinctly striped. Abdomen with an abbre-
viated dilated blackish band on each segment. Hind tibiae black ; hind
tarsi whitish, black towards the base. Wings blackish ; disks of the
areolets cinereous ; veins black, tawny at the base. Length of the
body 6 hnes; of the wings 10 lines.

17. Sargus DEBiLis,n. s. Mas. Niger, nitens, antennis scutelli spinis
pedibus halteribusque albidis, abdomine sublineari, alis nigricanti-
cinereis.

Allied to S. redhibens.

Male. Black, shining. Antennae and legs and the fovu- minute spines
of the scutellum whitish. Abdomen nearly linear, much longer than
the thorax. Legs whitish. Wings blackish cinereous ; veins black;
halteres whitish. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

18. Sargus iKFiciTUS, n. s. Mas. Pallide fulvus, nitens, antennis

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAj\., ETC. 275

pedibusque pallide testaceis, tborace abdomineque uigro vittatis, alls
subcinereis apice nigricantibus.
Male. Pale tawny, sbiuing. Eyes connected above j facets rather large.
Antenna; pale testaceous, very short. Thorax with a black stripe.
Abdomen with an abbreviated black stripe, a little longer and broader
than the thorax. Legs pale testaceous. Wings slightly cinereous,
blackish towards the tips ; veins black, testaceous at the base. Length
of the body I7} line; of the wings 3 lines.

Fara. XYLOPHAGID^, Stepli.

Gren. B-HTPHOMORPHA, n. g.

F(Bm. Corpus longifusiforme. Os minimum. Antenna: setacese, com-
pressse, dentato-moniliformes, multiarticulatae, articulis transversis.
Abdomen longiconicum. Pedes breves, graciles. Ala; elongatse.

Female. Body elongate fusiform. Front vertical. Eyes prominent,
with very minute facets. Mouth very small. Antenna; setaceous,
compressed, submoniliform, about as long as the breadth of the head ;
the teeth successively decreasing in size; scape very short; joints of
the flagellum transverse, nearly twenty in number. Thorax much
longer than broad, subquadrate in fi-ont ; scutellum small, unarmed.
Abdomen elongate conical, less than twice the length of the thorax.
Legs short, slender. Wings elongate ; mediastinal, subcostal, and
radial veins ending at beyond half the length of the costa ; branches
of the cubital vein straight; 1st externo-medial slightly cm'ved; 2nd
rudimentary ; 3rd curved, united to the 4th, close to the border ;
subanal and anal veins united on the border ; discal areolet about four
times as long as broad.

This remarkable genus seems to be allied to Rachicerus.

19. Rhyphomorpha BiLiNEA, n. s. Foem. Testacea, glabra, nitens,
capite nigro, antennis dimidio apicali nigris, thorace guttis duabus

vittisque duabus piceis, abdomine vitta basali nigra, alis subcinereis.
Female. Testaceous, smooth, shining. Head black, shining. Antenna;
black for nearly half the length from the tips. Thorax with two slen-
der piceous stripes, and with a piceous dot on each side in front. Ab-
domen with a slender black band at the base. Wings slightly cine-
reous ; veins black, testaceous at the base. Length of the body 3
lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Pani. TABANID^, Leach.

Gen. Tab ANUS, Linn.

20. Tabanus extricans, n. s. Mas. Piceus, antennis nigris basi
rufescentibus, pectore cauo, abdomine rufesccnte apiccm versus nigri-

276 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

cante, pedibus halteribusque rufescentibus, tarsis anticis femoribusque
nigris, alls cinereis.
Male. Piceous. Head hoary behind and beneath. Eyes divided into
two distinct parts; 1st part reddish, composed of large facets which
successively decrease in size towards each side ; 2nd part geneous, on
each side of the face, composed of excessively small facets. Antennae
black, reddish at the base ; 3rd joint with an extremely minute horn.
Pectus hoary. Abdomen conical, reddish, blackish towards the tip
and on the disk beneath. Legs reddish ; femora, except the tips and
fore tarsi, black. Wings cinereous ; veins black, reddish towards the
base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, forming a much-rounded
angle near the base; halteres pale reddish. Length of the body 5
lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

21. Tabanus INSURGENS, n. s. Mas. Lsete fulvus, antennis parvis,
abdomine conico elongato, tarsis anticis nigris, alis obscure cinereis,
halteribus pallide fulvis.

Male. Bright tawny. Eyes uniform, composed of very minute facets.
Proboscis blackish towards the tip. Antennae short, slender, with
hardly any horn. Abdomen conical, very much longer than the tho-
rax. Fore tarsi black. Wings dark cinereous ; veins black, tawny
towards the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein curved and not an-
gular near the base ; halteres pale tawny. Length of the body 4
lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Geu. Chrysops, Ileigen.

22. Chrysops signifer, n. s. Mas. Niger, capite atro aureo-to-
mentoso, antennis elongatis basi fulvis, thorace fasciis duabus aureo
pilosis, abdomine flavo fasciis tribus apiceque nigris, femoribus ob-
scure rufis, tibiis dilatatis, tarsis posterioribus fulvis, alis cinereis costa
fasciisque duabus nigricantibus.

Male. Black. Head deep black and shining in front, with a patch of
gilded tomentura on each side of the face, and with a smaller one at
the base of the antenna;. Antennae filiform, tawny towards the base,
much longer than the breadth of the head. Thorax with two bands
of gilded hairs. Abdomen yellow, blackish at the tip, with a black
band at the base, and in the middle with two black bands, which are
connected on each side and enclose a triangular space between them.
Femora mostly dark red ; tibiae dilated ; posterior tarsi tawny. Wings
cinereous, blackish along the costa, and with two blackish bands ; the
2nd very much broader than the first, which is near the base. Length
of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

23. Chrysops parallelus, n. s. F(£m. Piceo-niger, linearis, ca-
pite atro nitente, antennis obscure rufis, ])edibus piceis, alis nigris
])ostice cinereis macula discali punctoque basali albis.

Female. Piceous black, linear. Head deep black, very shining. An-

COLLECTED IN BATCIIIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 277

tentiEc dark red, much shorter than the breadth of the head. Abdo-
men nearly twice the length of the thorax. Legs piceous, "Wings
black, irregularly cinereous along the hind border, with two cinereous
streaks hindward, with a white spot in the disk, and with a white point
near the base ; veins black ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 5
lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Fam. ASILID^, Leach.
Subfam. Dastpogonites, Wall-.

Gren. Dastpogon, Fahr.

24. Dasypogon honestus. Walk, (see Vol. IIL p. 83). Mas ef
Fcem. Rufus, linearis, capite atro, mystace albo, antennis nigris, thorace
vitta aurata piceo marginata, abdomine cupreo nigro segmentis rufes-
eente marginatis, feraoribus tarsis tibiisque anticis nigris, alis nigri-
cantibus, halteribus testaceis.

Male and Female. Body linear. Head deep black, very shining, witli
a white line along each side of the face ; raystax composed of a few
white bristles. Antennae filiform, shorter than the breadth of the
head. Thorax red, with a pale gilded piceous-bordered stripe ; pectus
gilded. Abdomen cupreous black, nearly twice the length of the
thorax ; hind borders of the segments reddish. Legs black, stout ;
knees, posterior tibiae except the tips, coxae and trochanters red.
Wings blackish ; veins black, with the usual structure ; halteres tes-
taceous. Length of the body 3-4^ lines; of the wings 5-8 lines.

This species is here characterized again on account of the imperfect
state of the specimen which was first described.

25. Dasypogon GLAHRATUS, U.S. Mas. Lajte ochraceo-rufus, capite
atro, mystace albido, antennis nigris, abdomine cupreo- nigro, tarsis
nigris, alis nigricantibus.

Male. Bright ochraceous red. Head deep black, very shining, with a
white line along each side of the face ; mystnx composed of a few
whitish bristles. Proboscis black, lanceolate. Antennae black, slen-
der, filiform, nearly as long as the breadth of the head. Abdomen
cupreous black, linear, narrower than the thorax, and about twice its
length. Legs stout, slightly spinose ; tarsi black. Wings blackish ;
veins black, with the usual structure. Length of the body 4 lines ; of
the wings 8 lines.

Subfam. Laphuites, Walk.

Gen. Lapheia, Fair.

2fi. Laphria coNGRUA, n. s. Mas. Laete cyanea, capite pectorequc
maculisque duabus humeralibus argenteis, mystace albo nigro, antennis

278 ME. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

nigris, abdotnine purpureo basi purpurasceati-cupreo apice cyaneo,
alis nigricantibus strigis basique cinereis, halteribus albidis.
Male. Bright blue. Head and pectus with silvery white tomentum ;
mystax with many white bristles and with a few longer black bristles.
Antennae black, about as long as half the breadth of the head; 3rd
joint linear, longer than the 1st and 2nd together. Thorax with two
silvery-white tornentose humeral spots. Abdomen linear, bright
pur[)le, purplish cupreous at the base, mostly bright blue at the tip ;
hind borders of the ventral segments silvery white. Legs robust,
thickly beset with black bristles; anterior femora with numerous
white bristles ; fore tibise with shining white down beneath. Wings
blackish, with cinereous streaks towards the base, which is wholly
cinereous ; veins black ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 10
lines; of the wings 16 lines.

27. Laphria CONSURGENS, n. s. F(£m. ^nea, capite pectore macu-
lisque duabus humeralibus argenteis, mystace albo nigro, antennis
nigris, thoracis lateribus viridi variis, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo, alis
nigricanti-fuscis, halteribus albidis.

Female. iEneous. Head and pectus with silvery-white tomentum ;
mystax with many short white bristles, and with very few long black
bristles. Antennfe black, hardly longer than half the breadth of the
head; 3rd joint linear, much longer than the 1st and 2nd together.
Thorax tinged with green on each side ; two silvery-white tornentose
humeral spots. Abdomen bright blue, varied with purple ; hind bor-
ders of the ventral segments whitish. Legs robust, green, varied with
blue and purple, beset with a few black bristles ; fore tibiae with very
pale gilded tomentum beneath. Wings blackish brown ; veins black ;
halteres whitish. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

28. Laphria tristis, Dol. See ante, p. 146.

2.9. Laphria CONVENIENS, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite postico argenteo,
mystace antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace obscuro, pectore ferru-
gineo-tomentoso, abdomine nigricanti-cupreo, alis cinereis, dimidio
apicali nigro, halteribus pallida luteis.

Allied to L. partita.

Male, Black, robust. Head with silvery cinereous tomentum behind ;
mystax with several black bristles. Antennae black, nearly as long as
half the breadth of the head; 3rd joint elongate fusiform, a little
longer than the 1st and 2nd together. Thorax dull ; pectus with
ferruginous tomentum. Abdomen blackish cupreous, shining. Legs
black, very robust, thickly beset with black bristles. Wings cinereous,
black for rather less than half the length from the tips ; veins black ;
halteres pale luteous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10
lines.

This is most likely the male of L. consentanea ; but, as the wings .are

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAK, KA.ISAA, ETC. 279

diflPerent in colour, it may be a subspecies, and is therefore here described
at length.

30. Laphria consors, Walk. See Vol. III. p. 85.

31. Laphria comes. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 85.

32. Laphria argentifera, n. s. Fcem. Atra, capite antico abdo-
minisque segmentis tribus argenteis, mystace albo nigro, thorace ma-
culis quatuor auratis, pedibus rufis, alls purpurascenti-nigris, halteribus
albis.

Allied to L. Vulcanus, of which species L. ampla may be a variety.

Female. Deep black, stout. Head white behind, silvery in front ; epi-
stoma prominent; mystax composed of short white bristles and of
some long black bristles. Antennae a little longer than half the breadth
of the head; 3rd joint linear, nearly twice the length of the 1st and
2nd together. Thorax with two spots of pale gilded tomentum on
each side. Abdomen with the three first segments bright silvery.
Legs red, stout ; coxae and trochanters black. Wings purplish-black ;
veins black; halteres white. Length of the body 7 lines; of the
wings 14 lines.

33. Laphria ardescens. Walk, See ante, p. 235.

34. Laphria flagrantissima. Walk, (see Vol. III. p. 86), var. Fcem.
Nigra, capite mystaceque auratis, proboscide antennisque rufis, tho-
race subaurato, maculis humeralibus lateribus scutelloque aurato-ful-
vis, abdomine basi fasciisque aurato-fulvis, pedibus laete fulvis, alis
luteis apice nigricantibus, halteribus flavescentibus.

Female. Black, stout. Head brightly gilded; mystax composed of
some gilded bristles. Proboscis and antennae red, the latter not longer
than half the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint lanceolate, twice the
length of the 1st and 2nd together. Thorax slightly covered with
gilded tomentum ; sides, humeral s])ots, and scutellum tawny, brightly
gilded. Abdomen tawny and gilded at the base and on the hind
borders of the following segments, the bands successively decreasing
in breadth. Legs robust, bright tawny. Wings luteous, blackish
towards the tips and about the exterior part of the subanal vein,
cinereous along the hind border ; halteres yellowish. Length of the
body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

35. Laphria basifera, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite antico subaurato,
mystace albido, thoracis lateribus subaurato tomentosis, pectore albido,
abdomine luteo, basi apiceque nigris, pedibus pallide luteis, alis cine-
reis, halteribus pallide flavis.

Male. Black. Head with cinereous tomentum, slightly gilded in front ;
mystax composed of several slender whitish bristles. Antenna; full as
long as half the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint very elongate- fusiform,
much longer than the 1st and the 2nd together. Thorax with slightly

280 ME. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

gilded tomentum on each side; pectus with whitish tomentum. Ah-
domen luteous, black at the base and at the tip. Legs robust, pale
luteous ; coxae and knees black. Wings cinereous ; veins black ; hal-
teres pale yellow. Length of the body 5-6 lines ; of the wings 10-1 1
lines.

36. Laphria manifesta, IValk. See Vol. IIL p. 87.

Subfani. Asilites, Walk.

Gen. Trupanea, Macq.

37. Trupanea interponens, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, robusta, capite
pectore thoracisque lateribus albido-cinereis, epistomate convexo,
mystace nigro, barba alba, thorace vittis tribus angustis cinereis, abdo-
mine lanceolate apicem versus attenuate et compressoniaculis laterah-
bus trigonis cinereis, pedibus robustis, tibiis anticis subtus rufo to-
mentosis, tibiis posticis basi rufescentibus, alis luride fuscis, areola
radiali schistaceo strigata, halteribus luteis.

Female. Black, robust. Head, pectus, and sides of the thorax with
whitish cinereous tomentum ; epistoma very prominent ; mystax com-
posed of many stout black bristles ; beard of white hairs. Third joint
of the antennae lanceolate, shorter than the 1st; arista more than
twice the length of the 3rd joint. Thorax with three slender cinereous
stripes. Abdomen lanceolate, attenuated and compressed towards the
tip, with two lateral triangular cinereous spots on each segment ex-
cept the three last. Legs very robust, with black spines; fore tibia;
with red tomentum beneath ; hind tibiae reddish towards the base.
Wings lurid brown, with a slate-coloured streak in the radial areolet,
which is very long ; veins black ; halteres luteous. Length of the
body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

.38. Trupanea addens, n s. Fcem. Nigra, capite pectore thoracis
lateribus ventreque cinereo tomentosis, capite antico subaurato, e))i-
stomate convexo, mystace nigro, barba alba, abdominis segmeutis
cinereo marginatis, dimidio apicali stylato, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis
cinereis, areolis radiali et cubitali schistaceo strigatis, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Black. Head, pectus, sides of the thorax and abdomen be-
neath with cinereous tomentum, which is slightly gilded in front oi'
the head ; epistoma prominent ; mj'stax composed of many stout
black bristles ; beard of white hairs. Third joint of the antennae
shorter than the first ; arista about thrice the length of the 3rd joint.
Thorax cinereous on each side, and with three cinereous stripes. Ab-
dominal segments cinereous on each side and along the hind borders,
with the exception of the four last, which are much compressed and
form a style. I-egs robust, with black spines ; tibiae red except towards
the tips. Wings cinereous ; radial and cubital areolets with a slate-
coloured streak on each ; cubital areolet very long ; veins black ; hal-
teres tawny. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

COLLECTED Ilf BATCHIAN, KATSA.A, ETC. 281

Gen. AsiLUS, Linn.

39, AsiLUS INVOLUTUS, u. s. Fcem. Niger, auratiis, barba aurata,
mystace iiii^ro setis noniiuUis anticis albis, thorace vittis quatuor nigris
abdomine fasciis nigvis latis subtrigouis aiilcein versus stylato, pedibiis
rufis, feraoribus nigro vlttatis, alls cinereis apuil costain nigricantibas.

Allied to A. determinatus and to A. introducens.

Female. Black, brightly gilded. Mystax composed of several black
bristles and of some lower white bristles; beard with gilded hairs.
Palpi beset with black hairs and bristles. Third joint of the antennae
lanceolate, shorter than the 1st and 2nd joints together; arista much
longer than the .Srd joint. Thorax with four black stripes ; the lateral
pair abbreviated and dilated. Abdomen with a broad nearly triangulai*
black band on each segment, excep ting the apical part, which is sty-
late, compressed, and much more than one-third of the whole length.
Legs red, very robust; stripes of the femora, knees, and tai'si, except
the tips, black. V>^ings cinereous, blackish along the costa and to-
wards the tips; hind branch of the radial vein undulating; halteres
luteous. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

40. AsiLus coMPLENS, U.S. F(Em. Niger, capite antico albido sub-
aurato, epistomate convexo, mystace setis albis nonnullisque nigris,
antennis brevissimis, thoracis lateribus vittisque tribus cinereis, ab-
domine lanceolate fasciis cinereis, alis cinereis apice nigricantibus,
halteribus flavescentibus.

Female. Black. Head behind, pectus, and sides of the thorax cinereous ;
front of the head whitish, slightly gilded ; epistoma pi'ominent ; mys-
tax composed of white and of fewer black bristles. Antennae very
short; 3rd joint shorter than the first, and about one-thii-d of the
length of the arista. Thorax with three cinereous stripes. Abdomen
lanceolate, not stylate, v>'ith a slender cinereous band on the hind
border of each segment. Legs not very robust, with a few black
hairs and spines. Wings cinei-eous, blackish towards the tips ; veins
black ; hind branch of the cubital vein undulating ; halteres yellowish.
Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Greu. Ommatius, Illlger.

41. Ommatius noctifer. Walk. See Vol. IL p. 88.

Gren. LEPToaASTEB, Meigen.

42. Leptogaster ferrugineus. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 89.

43. Leptogaster tarsalis, n. s. Niger, capite pectore thoracisque
lateribus albo tomentosis, pedibus piceis, trochantcribus posticis albi-
dis longissimis, femoribiis subtus flavescentibus, tibiis posticis tarsis-
que basi albidis, alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis.

Black. Head, pectus, and sides of the thorax with white tomentura.
Legs piceous ; hind trochanters whitish, very much elongated ; femora
IIXN. PKOC. — ZOOLOGY. 19

282 ME. walkee's catalogue oe dipterous iksects

yellowish beneath ; tarsi and hind tibiae whitish at the base. Wings
sHghtly cinereous, with a black point at the tip of the mediastinal
vein ; veins black ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 4 hnes ; of
the wings 6 lines.
The description of this species is incomplete, owing to the imperfect state
of the specimen.

Tarn. LEPTID^, Westw.

Gen. Leptis, Fabr.

44. Leptis ferruginosa, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 118.

45. Leptis impar, n. s. Foem. Nigra, capite thoraceque albido to-
mentosis, vertice atro, antennis flavis minimis, abdomine apicera ver-
sus fascia vittisque duabus luteis, femoribus posterioribus apice femo-
ribusque anticis flavis, tibiis intermediis fulvis, ahs subcinereis dimidio
apicali fuscescente, areolis discali et posterioribus cinereo maculatis.
halteribus fulvis nigro notatis.

Female. Black. Head and thorax with whitish toraentum ; vertex of
the bead deep black. Proboscis mostly yellowish. AntennjE yellow,
very small ; 3rd joint round. Abdomen towards the tip with a luteous
stripe on each side, and a luteous band. Fore femora yellow ; middle
femora yellow towards the tips ; hind femora yellow towards the base
and at the tips ; middle tibiae dull tawny. Wings slightly cinereous,
brownish for half the length from the tips ; discal and hinder extei-no-
medial areolets with a large slightly cinereous spot in each; veins
black, tawny at the base ; halteres tawny, with a black mark towards
the tip. Length of the body 3| lines ; of the wings 7 hnes.

Gen. Chrtsopila, Macq.

46. Chrysopila guttipennis, n. s. Foem. Picea, antennis flaves-
centibus, abdomine nigi'o apicem versus compresso et attenuato, fe-
moribus flavescentibus piceo subnotatis, alis amplis nigricanti-fuscis
basi maculisque liinpidis, halteribus flavescentibus nigro fasciatis.

Female. Piceous. Proboscis and antennae yellowish, the latter very
short, with a long arista. Abdomen black, compressed and attenuated
towards the tip. Femora yellowish ; posterior femora slightly marked
with piceous. Wings ample, blackish brown, limpid towards the base
and with several limpid spots, some of which are confluent, and form
a band across the middle ; veins black, yellowish at the base ; halteres
yellowish, with a black subapical band. Length of the body 3 lines ;
of the wings 6 lines.

Fam. BOMBYLID^, Leach.

Subfani, Bombtlites, Walk.

Gen. Antheax, Fair.

47. Anthrax Pelops, Walk. See Vol. IIL p. 90.

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 283

48. Anthrax confirmata, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite atitico sub-
aurato, tborace pilis ochraceis raarginato, scutello apicem versus piceo,
abdomine lateribus basi ochraceo pilosis, fascia interrupta media ma-
culisque quatuor lateralibus subapicalibus pallidioribus, alis nigrican-
tibus basi costaque nigris.

Male. Black, nearly allied to A. Tantalus. Head with a few gilded
hairs in front. Thorax and pectus thickly clothed with ochraceous
hairs in front and along each side ; scutellum piccous along the hind
border. Abdomen thickly clothed with ochraceous hairs on each side
of the base, with an interrupted middle band, and with two subapical
dots on each side of paler hairs ; a slender abbreviated ventral stripe
of gilded hairs. Wings blackish, very ii-idesceut, black at the base
and along the costa. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10
lines.

49. Anthrax prsetendens, Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 111.
0. Anthrax semiscita, Walk. See Vol. I. p. 118.

61. Anthrax aterrima, Dol. See Vol. IV. p. 113 ; et anU, p. 149.

Fam. EMPID^, Leach.
Gen. Epiceia, Walk.

52. Epiceia ferruginea. Walk, (see p. 149), var. Mas. Nigra,
proboscide apicem versus flava, antennis brevissimis, tborace gib-
boso, abdominis segmentis chalybeo fasciatis, femoribus posticis in-
crassatis setosis, tarsis fulvis, alis obscure cinei'eis costa nigricante,
halteribus pallide flavis.

Male. Black. Proboscis yellow towards the tip. Antennae very small ;
arista four times the length of the 3rd joint. Thorax gibbous. Ab-
domen with a chalybeous band on the hind border of each segment.
Hind femora incrassated and setose ; tarsi tawny. Wings dark cine-
reous, blackish along the costa ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow.
Length of the body 2i lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Earn. DOLICHOPID^, Leach.
Gen. PsiLOPUS, Meigen.

53. Psilopns variipennis. Walk. See anU, p. 238.

54. PsiLOPUS marginalis, n. s. Fam. Cyanescenti-viridis, purpureo
varius, antennis halteribusque nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro fas-
ciatis, tibiis anterioribus obscure fulvis, alis nigris margine postico
cinereo.

aj^male. Bluish-green, varied with purple. Head purplish-blue. An-
tennae black ; arista as long as the breadth of the head. Abdomen
with a black band on the fore border of each segment. Anterior tibiae

19*

284 MR. wa.lker's catalooue of dipterous insects

dull tawny. Wings black, cinereous along the hind border ; fore
branch of the prtebrachial vein much bent ; discal transverse vein
much curved; halteres black. Length of the body 2^ lines; of the
wings 5 lines.

Fam. SYEPHID^, LeacJi.

Gren. Eristalis, Lair.

55. Eristalis helophiloides, n. s. Mas. Nigra, antennaruni
arista nuda, thorace luteo uigro-trivittato, vitta media interlineata,
abdomine fascia basali albido-flava, maculis utrinque tribus latcralibus
magnis connexis flavis, femoribus posticis valde incrassatis, tibiis
rufescentibus, alis cinereis basi fasciaque abbreviata nigricantibus,
halteribus pallide flavis.

Male. Black. Head with cinereous tomentum, except a black shining
stripe on the very prominent epistoma. Arista simple. Thorax luteous,
with three black stripes, the middle one interlined, the lateral pair ob-
liquely intersected. Pectus cinereous. Abdomen with a whitish-yel-
low basal band, and on each side with three large connected yellow
spots; the 3rd pair connected hiudward in the disk. Hind femora
much incrassated ; tibiaj reddish. Wings cinereous, blackish at the
base, and with a blackish middle band which is much abbreviated hind-
ward ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 5 lines ;
of the wings 9 lines.

56. Eristalis splendens, Lc^. See Vol. UL p. 95.

57. Eristalis lucilioides, n. s. Fa>m. Lxte purpurea, cyaueo-
varia, capite albo, anteniiis piccis, arista nuda, thorace subcano, ab-
domine fasciis duabus atris, tibiis tarsisque nigvis, alis cinereis, hal-
teribus albis.

Female. Bright purple, varied with blue. Head with white tomentum
behind and in front, excepting a stripe and the sides of the peristoma,
which are black and shining. Antennae piceous ; arista simple. Tho-
rax slightly covered with hoary down ; scutellum with black hairs.
Abdomen Avith two deep-black bands. Tibiae and tarsi black. V\'ings
cinereous, darker towards the tips; veins black; halteres white.
Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Gen, EtJMERUs, Meigen.

58. EuMERUs ARGENTiPES, u. s. Fwm. Chalvbeo-niger, cinereo pu-
bescens, abdomine fasciis duabus aibis arcuatis interrujjtis, femoribus
posticis subincrassatis, tibiis anterioribus fulvis, tarsis argcnteis, alis
cinereis apice nigris, halteribus albis.

Female. Clialybeous black, with cinereous down. Head wanting. Ab-
domen with two arched interrupted white bands. Legs black ; hind
femora slightly incrassated ; knees and anterior tibiae tawny ; tarsi

COLLECTED IN 13ATCIIIAK. KAISAA, ETC. 285

silvery wLitc ; hind tarsi fltit, elongated, dilated. Winjfs cinereous,
black towards the tips ; veins black ; halteres Avhite. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Gen. Paeagl's, Meigen.

59. Paragus substitutus, n. s. "Mas. Chalybeo-niger, facie alba,
autenuis fidvis liuca nigricante, abdomine fasciis quatuor chalybeis,
pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribns uigris^, alls cinereis, halteribus
albidis.

Male. Chalybeous black, shining. Head broader than the thorax ; face
white. Antennae tawny, with a blackish line above. Abdomen with
four chalybeous bands. Legs tawny ; posterior femora black, with
ta^^ny tips. Wings cinereous; veins black; halteres whitish. Length
of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3 lines.

Geu. Baccha, Fair.

60. Baccha incisa, n. s. Ycem. Obscure rufa, capite vitta cyaneo-
nigra, antennis pedibusquc fulvis, thorace vitta nigra, abdomine basi
conipresso posticc dilatato fasciis duabus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque
posticis nigricante fasciatis, alis limpidis basi costa fasciaque nigricau-
tibus, halteribus fulvis.

Nearly allied to B. dispar.

Female. Dull dark red. Head with cinereous tomentura, bluish-black
about the base of the antenna;, and with a bluish-black stripe extend-
ing from thence to the peristoma. Proboscis, antenucC, and legs tawnj^
Thorax with a black stripe ; metathorax black. Abdomen compressed
towards the base, dilated hind\vai-u, where there are two curved tawny
bands, the hind one abbreviated. Hind femora and hind tibia; with
blackish bands. Wings limpid, blackish at the base and irregularly
along the costa, and obliquely at the tips, and with a broad middle
blackish band ; veins black ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 6
lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Gl. Baccha tripartita, n. s. ^las. Nigra, capite nigricanti-c3aneo
antice fulvo, antennis pedibusque pallide luteis, pectoris lateribus tes-
taceo fasciatis, abdomine conipresso fulvo fasciis duabus nigris apicem
versus nigricanti-purpureo subdilatato, femoribus posticis nigricante
fasciatis, alis subluriilis costa exteriore lurida, halteribus fulvis.

Male. Head blackish-blue above, tawny in front. Proboscis, antennre
and leg.3 pale luteous. Pectus with two oblique testaceous bands on
each side. Abdomen compressed, tawny, with two black bands ; hind
part blackish purple, slightly dilated. Hind femora with a blackish
band. Wings vitreous, with a slight lurid tinge; costa lurid for nearly
half the length from the base, blackish from tlieuce to the tii)s ; veins
black, tawny at the base; halteres tawny. Length of the body 5
lines J of the wings 9 lines.

286 ME. WALKEe'S catalogue of DIPTEEOTJS IJTSECTS

Geu. Sykphus, T'abr.

62. Syrphus segrotus, Fabr. See Vol. I. p. 124.

63. Syrphus ericetorum, Vahr. See Vol. III. p. 97-

Earn. MUSCID^, Latr.
Subfam. Tachinides, Walk.

G-en. EuETGASTEE, Macq.

64. EuRYGASTER LiMiTARis, n. s. F(£m. Nigra, ciuereo tomentosa,
capite albo, frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo 3° lineari, aristae
dimidio basali robvisto, thorace vittis duabus nigris, scutelli margine
postico rufescente, abdomine fasciis duabus latis interruptis albis,
tibiis posticis fimbriatis, alis cinereis basi nigricautibus, alulis albis,
halteribus piceis.

Allied to E. remittens.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentutn and with black haiis and
bristles. Head white ; frontalia deep black, slightly widening ia front,
with bristles along each side ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma not
prominent. Antenna; not reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint linear,
rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista
stout for full half its length from the base, rather less than twice the
length of the 3rd joint. Thorax with two slender indistinct black
stripes ; scutellura reddish along the hind border. Abdomen with two
broad interrupted white bands on the fore borders of the 2nd and 3rd
segments. Legs stout ; hind tibia; thickly fringed with short hairs.
Wings cinereous, blackish towards the base ; veins clack ; praebrachial
vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, very slightly curved in-
wards from thence to its tip; discal transverse vein hardly undu-
lating, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by
much more than half its length from the flexure of the prabrachial ;
alulae white ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the
wings 11 lines.

Gen. Masiceea, Macq.

65. Masicera? ficta, U.S. Fam. Atra, capite albido, frontalibus
atris, thorace fasciis tribus scutellique margine postico flavesceuti-
albis, abdomine fasciis tribus flavescenti-albis, l" incisa, 3" apicali,
alis cinereis, alulis magnis albis.

Female. Deep black. Head whitish ; frontalia deep black, linear. An-
tenna; reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, full 4 times the length
of the 2nd. Thorax with three yellowish-white bands; the 1st ex-
tending obliquely acro.ss the pectus ; the 2nd curved, connected on
each side with the 1st; scutellum yellowish, white along the hind
border. Abdomen with three yellowish-white bands ; the 1st Cica-

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 287

vated on each side; the 3rd apical, interrupted hindward. Wings
cinereous ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein forming a rounded slightly
obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip ; discal
transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by much less than its length
from the border, and by about its length from the flexure of the prae-
brachial ; alulae large, white. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 5 lines.
This species resembles some of the Muscides in structui-e, and hardly
belongs to the genus Masicera.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.
Gen. Dexia, Meigen.

&Q. Dexia nivifera, n.s. Mas. Lutea, gracilis, capite argenteo,
frontalibus atris, antennarum articulo 3° longissimo, arista subplumosa,
thoracis disco nigricante argenteo-tomentoso, abdomine conico fasciis
tribus nigris, pedibus longissimis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alls cinereis,
costa fuscescente, alulis subflavescentibus.

Male. Luteous, slender, with black bristles. Head with silvery-white
tomentum j frontalia deep black, very narrow on the vertex, widening
in front, beset with bristles along each side ; facialia without bristles ;
epistoma hardly prominent. Antennre almost reaching the epistoma ;
3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, about six times the length of
the 2nd; arista black, very much longer than the 3rd joint, slightly
plumose. Disk of the thorax blackish, with silverj^-cinereous to-
mentum. Abdomen conical, longer than the thorax, with three black
bands ; 1st band interrupted on each side ; 3i"d apical. Legs very
long ; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings cinereous, brownish along the
costa ; veins black, luteous towards the base ; pra^brachial vein form-
ing an extremely obtuse angle at its flexure, straight from thence
till near its tip, where it is slightly curved ; discal transverse vein
nearly straight, parted b)' hardly half its length from the border, and
by hardly less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial ;
alulae with a slight yellowish tinge. Length of the body 6 lines ; of
the wings 10 lines.

67 ' Dexia alulifera. Walk. See ante, p. 157-

Gen. EuTiLiA, Desv.

68. RuTiLiA SATURATissiMA, u. s. Mus. Saturatissime viridis, ca-
pite argenteo, frontalibus atris trigonis, palpis antennis pedibusque
nigris, thorace vittis quatuor interruptis nigris, abdomine nigro fasciis
tribus interruptis aurato-viridibus, alis nigricanti-fuscis basi nigris.
F(zm. Frontalibus latis, abdominis segmentis 1° 2"que cupreis.

Male. Brilliant green, with black bristles. Head silvery white on each
side of the face and of the eyes ; frontalia deep black, triangulai'.

288 MB. walker's CATALOGrE OE DIPTEEOUS INSECTS

Palpi, antennce and legs black. Arista minutely pubescent. Thorax
ivith four interrupted black stripes, bright blue on each side ; scutel-
lum purple ; pectus black, with a broad interrupted bluish-green band
on each side. Abdomen black, with three interrupted golden-green
bands, which are entire and more slender beneath; 1st band much
excavated on each side behind ; 2nd slightly excavated ; 3rd entire,
broader than the others. "Wings blackish-brown, black near the base ;
alulaj black. Female. Frontalia broad, widening slightly in front.
First and second bands of the abdomen mostly cupreous. Length of
the body 8-9 lines; of the wings 16-18 lines.

69. RuTiLiA FERVENS, u. s. Foim. Aurato-viridis, cyaneo subvaria,
frontalibus atris, palpis antennis pedibusque uigris, thorace vittis
quatuor angustis intcrruptis nigris, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus inter-
ruptis rufescenti-cupreis, alis luridis basi nigricantibus, alulis obscui'c
cinereis.

Female. Golden-green, slightly varied with blue. Head with cinereous
tomentum on each side of the face and of the eyes ; frontalia deep
black, widening in front. Palpi, antenna;, and legs black ; arista
minutely pubescent. Thorax with four slender interrupted black
stripes ; pectus black, with a broad interrupted bluish-green band on
each side. Abdomen black, with three interrupted reddish-cu])reous
bands, which are narrower and entire beneath; 1st and 2nd bands
much excavated on each side of the hind border. Wings lurid, black-
ish near the base ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; aluloe dark
cinereous. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

70. RuTiLiA ATKiBASis, n. s. Fonn. Satiu'ate viridis, capite argenteo,
frontalibus atris, palpis antennis pedibusque nigris, thoracis lateribus
cyaneo purpureoque variis, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus aurato-
viridibus, P iucisa, 2a 3aque interruptis, alis cinereis costa fusca basi
nigra, alulis halteribusque nigris.

Female. Deep green. Head silvery white, much narrower than the
thorax ; frontalia deep black, broad, linear ; face, palpi, antennse,
pectus, and legs black. Thorax tinged with blue and purple on each
side ; pectus v, ith a bluish-green band on each side. Abdomen black,
with three golden-green bands; 1st band much broader than the
others, deeply notched on its hind border ; 2nd and 3rd interrupted.
Wings cinereous, more or less tinged with brown along the costa,
black towards the base; veins, alula; and halteres black. Length
of the body 8^ lines ; of the wings 1/ lines.

71. RuTiLiA coMi'LiciTA, n.s. Fom. Saturate cj'anea, capite argen-
teo, frontalibus atris, palpis nigris apice fulvis, antennis pedibusque
r.igris, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, scutello obscure purpureo, ab-
domine nigro fasciis tribus aurato-viridibus, 1" 2"que interruptis,
3° incisa, alis cinereis costa fusca basi nigra, alulis halteribusque
uigris.

COLLECTED IN BATCUIAK, KAISAA, ETC. 289

Female. Deep blue. Head silvery-uliitc ; froutalia deep black, widen-
ing in front. Paljii black, tawnj- townrds the tips. Antennre, pectus,
legs, and abdomen black. Thorax with four black strii)cs, tinged with
purple on each side ; seutelhun dark pin-j)le ; pectus with a blue band
on each side. Abdomen with three golden-green bauds; 1st band
slightly interrupted, notched on the hind border, much broader than
the 2nd ; 2nd interrupted, excavated on each side behind ; 3rd much
abbreviated on each side, deeply indented in front ; ventral bands
more regular. "Wings as in the preceding species. Length of the
body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

72. RuTiLiA VOLUCELLOIDES, n.s. Mos et Fcem. Nigra, capite albido-
cinereo, frontalibus atris, antennis pieeis arista nuda, thoracis lateribus
pectoreque cinereis, scutello ferrugineo, abdomine fasciis tribus latis
interruptis chalybeo-ferrugincis, alls cinereis basi costa;que dimidio
basali nigricantibus, alulis albidis.

Male. Black, rather dull, hardly tomentosc. Head whitish cinereous ;
frontalia deep black, widening much in front; epistoma prominent.
Eyes almost connected. Antennre piceous, about half the length of
the face; 3rd joint about twice the length of the 2nd; arista simple,
stout at the base, about twice the length of the 3rd joint. Sides of
the thorax in front and pectus cinereous. Scutellum ferruginous.
Abdomen with thi-ee broad interrupted ferruginous chalybeous-tinged
bands. Wings cinereous, blackish at the base and along more than
half the length of the costa ; prsebrachial vein forming a rounded
hardly obtuse angle at its flexure, beyond which it is slightly curved
inward ; discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by hardly
one-third of its length from the border, and by much more than half
its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulae whitish. Length
of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Female. Larger. Eyes slightly parted above. Wings with the discal
transverse vein parted by one-fourth of its length from the border,
and by rather more than half its length from the flexure of the prse-
brachial. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

73. RuTiLiA TRixoiDES, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, capite parvo subaurato,
frontalibus atris, antennarum arista nuda, thoraee vittis tribus cinereis,
scutello ferrugineo, alis cinereis basi nigricantibus costa fusca, alulis
obscure cinereis.

Female. Black, with black hairs and bristles. Head narrower than the
thorax, with cinereous slightly gilded toraentum; frontalia deep black,
hardly widening in front. Eyes bare. Antenna; not near reaching
the epistoma ; arista simple, stout at the base, more than twice the
length of the 3rd joint. Thorax with three cinereous stripes ; sides
and ])ectus mostly cinereous ; scutellum ferruginous. Abdomen
broader, but not longer than the thorax. Wings cinereous, blackish
near the ba«e, brown along the costa j veins black ; prsebrachial vein

ME. WALKEE S CATA.LOGUT; OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

forming a rounded right angle at its flexure, slightly curved inward
from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by
one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than half its
length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae dark cinereous.
Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Subfam. Muscides, Walk.

Gen. MuscA, Linn.

74. MuscA (Gen, Silbomyia?) diffusa, n.s. Mas. Viridis, cyaneo
purpureoque varia, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, palpis antennis
tibiis tarsisque nigris, pectoris lateribus argenteo quadrimaculatis, alls
obscure cinereis basi costaque basali nigris, alulis albis, halteribus
nigris.

Male. Green, varied with blue and purjile. Head with gilded toraen-
tum ; frontalia deep black, very narrow ; epistoma piceous, prominent.
Palpi, antennae, tibiae, and tarsi black. Antennae not reaching the
epistoma. Pectus with two silvery-white spots on each side. Wings
dark cinereoui?, black about the base and along the adjoining part of
the costa; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a rounded very ob-
tuse angle at its flexure, nearly straight from thence to its tip ; discal
transverse vein deeply curved in front, parted by hardly one-third of
its length from the border, and by about half its length from the
flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae white ; halteres black. Length
of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

75. Musca (Gen. Silbomyia, Mac^.) costalis. Walk. See ant^, p. 159.

Subfam. Helomtztdes, Fallen.

G-en. Detomtza, Fallen.
7G. Dryomyza semicyanea, Walk. See Vol. IIL p. 109.

Gen. Helomtza, Fallen.

77. Helomyza scutellaris, n.s. Mas et Fcem. Testacea, crassa,
facie albida, antennis fulvis arista plumosa, scutello postice atro, ab-
domine maculis quatuor posticis nigris, alis cinereis apud costam sub-
luteis, venis apud marginem nigro subnebulosis.

Male and Female. Testaceous, stout. Head black, whitish behind and
on the face, with several stout black bristles on the vertex and front.
Antennae tawny, less than half the length of the face; 3rd joint elon-
gate-conical ; arista plumose, full thrice the length of the 3rd joint.
Scutellum deep black hindward. Abdomen oval, hardly narrower or
shorter than the thorax, with a black spot on each side of the 4th and

COLLECTED IN BATCniAN, KAISAA, ETC. 291

5th segments. Legs rather short and slender. Wings cinereous, with
a hiteous tinge along the costa ; veins black ; tips of the radial, cubital,
and prajbrachial veins slightly clouded with black ; discal transverse
vein straight, upright, slightly clouded with brown, parted by more
than half its length from the border. Male. Discal transverse vein
parted from the prsebrachial transverse by thrice its length. Female.
Discal transverse vein parted from the prsebrachial transverse by more
than twice its length. Length of the body 21 lines; of the wings 4
lines.

Greu. Xaenuta, Walk.

78. Xarnuta leucotelus. Walk. See Vol. L p. 28.

Eyes in the living insect " silky green, w ith opal-blue reflexions."

Gren. Sepedon, Latr.

79. Sepedon costalis, n. s. Mas. Ferruginea, capite pallide luteo
guttis duabus nigris, antennis piceis, articulo 1° pallide luteo, 2" lon-
gissimo, 3° conico basi luteo, arista alba pubescente, thorace cineras-
cente vittis duabus obscurioribus, pectore argeuteo, |)edibus pallide
luteis, tarsis j)iceis, femoribus posticis nigro spinosis, alis obscui'e fus-
cis costa pallide cinerea.

Allied to S. duplicuns.

Male. Ferruginous. Head pale luteous, shining white about the eyes;
front depressed, with a black dot on each side ; peristoma with a
piceous dot on each side. Antennae piceous, longer than the breadth
of the head; 1st joint short, pale luteous; 2nd very long, slender,
linear ; 3rd conical, pale luteous towards the base, about one-fourth
of the length of the 2nd; arista white, minutely pubescent. Thorax
slightly cinereous, with two slender parallel approximate darker stripes ;
sides and pectus darker, the latter with silvery-white tomentum. Ab-
domen linear, longer and a little narrower than the thorax. Legs pale
luteous ; hind femora long, robust, armed beneath with minute black
spines ; fore tibiae partly piceous ; tarsi piceous. Wings dark brown,
pale cinereous along the costa for two-thirds of the length from the
base ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal transverse vein straight,
upright, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by much
more than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse vein.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Subfam, Boeboeides, Walk.
Grenus Cotamba, Walk.

80. Cotainba fumifera. Walk. See anti, p. 247-

292 ME. AVALKER's CA.TALOGUE Or DIPTEEOUS IXSECTS

Subfam. Oetalides, Jlalidaij.

Gen. Lampeogastee, Mc(C(p

81. Lamprogaster niarginifcra. Walk. See Vol. II. p. 111.

Gen. Pteeogenia, Bigot.

82. Pterogenia vittifinis, ii. s. Mas et Form. Nigra, lata, crassa,
capitc albiclo, facie maxima, arista subpliimosa, scutelli lateribus luteis,
femoribus crassis, tarsis flavescenti-albis, aiis albis costa basali lutea
fasciis duabus guttisque nigricantibus. Mas. Abdomine ovato. Fam.
Abdomine lanceolato vittis tribus luteis.

Male and Female. Black, broad, tbick. Head whitish, black beneath
and with a black band on the front ; face very large. Antenna; black,
not more than half the length of the face ; arista minutely plumose,
more than tv.icc the length of the t3rd joint. Scutellum rather small,
not ascending, luteous along each side. Femora rather thick ; tarsi
yellowish white. Wings white, luteous along the costa towards the
base, with many blackish dots, some of which are confluent along the
hind border, and with two blackish bands, which are connected on the
hind border ; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by one-
fourth of its length from the border, and by much more than its length
from the precbrachial transverse vein ; halteres whitish. Male. Ab-
domen oval, not longer than the thorax. Female. Abdomen lanceo-
late, shining, much longer than the thorax, with three luteous stripes.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

83. Pterogenia vakiipennis, n. s. Mas. Nigra, nitens, lata, crassa,
capite albido fascia nigra, facie maxima, thorace vittis quatuor albidis,
abdomine brevi-couico, ])edibus fulvis, femoribus uigris, tarsis albis,
alis limpidis guttis plurimis transversis fuscis fascia obliqua abbre-
viata e guttis uigris, haltcribus luteis.

Male. Black, shining, broad, thick. Head whitish, black beneath and
with a black band on the front ; face very large. Antennae black,
much less than half the length of the face ; arista simple, much more
than twice the length of the 3rd joint. Thorax with two whitish
stripes on each side ; scutellum whitish along each side. Abdomen
short-conical, shorter than the thorax. Legs tawny ; femora mostlv
black; tai-si white, with black tips. Wings limpid, with a luteous tinge
along the costa, with numerous transverse brown dots, and with an
oblique middle band which is abbreviated hiiidward, and is formed of
two separate lines of black dots ; veins black, luteous towards the base ;
discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by hai-dly one-fourth of
its length from the border, and by very much more than its length
from the prscbrachial transverse vein ; halteres luteous. Length of
the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAX, KAISAA, ETC. 293

Gen. Plattstoma, Latr.

84. Platystoma atomaria, 11. s. MasetFccm. Nigra, lata, robusta,
subaurato pubescens, capite rufescenti-fulvo punctis nigris, facie max-
ima, anteiiiiis fulvis, thoiace vittato, sciitello maximo, abdomine sub-
compresso segmentis cinereo margiiiatis, tibiis tarsisque fulvis, alis
cinereis, guttis plurimis transversis nigricaiitibus, halteribus sordide
albidis.

Male and Female. Black, broad, stout, dull, thinly clothed with slightly
gilded pubescence. Head reddish tawny, whitish behind and about
the eyes, with three black points on the vertex ; front with four black
points in a line at the base of the antennre ; face very large, with a
black dot on each side at the end of the groove in which the antenna
rests; epistoma not prominent. Antennre tawny, little more than
half the length of the face; 3rd joint slender, linear; arista bare,
slender, very much longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with a not
pubescent stripe ; scutellum very large, elongate -conical, slightly
ascending, extending far over the abdomen. Abdomen shghtly com-
pressed, a little shorter and much nan'ower than the thorax ; hind
borders of the segments cinereous ; oviduct long, stylate, tawny to-
wards the tip. Femora stout ; tibiae and tarsi tawny. Wings cine-
reous, with very numerous transverse blackish dots, some of which
are confluent ; alulaj dark cinereous, very large ; halteres dingy
whitish. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

85. Platystoma producta, n. s. FcEin. Cinereo-nigra, robusta,
elongata, capite lutco, facie nigro vittata, antennis fulvis articulo 3
longissimo, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, abdomine basi subtusque
rufescente, tibiis posterioribus rufis apice nigris, femoribus tibiisque
anticis rufo strigatis, alis cinereis punctis guttis fasciisque tribus ex-
terioribus nigricantibus, halteribus ])iceis.

Female. Cinereous black, stout, elongate. Head luteous, brighter above
than in front, white behind and about the eyes ; a ferruginous point
on each side of the vertex; face with a black stripe between the white
grooves for the antennae. Antennae tawny, a little more than half the
length of the face ; 3rd joint linear, slender, full six times the length
of the 2nd ; arista simple, full twice the length of the 3rd joint.
Thorax with four slender cinereous stripes ; sides and pectus also
cinereous ; humeral calli tawny. Abdomen a little shorter and nar-
rower than the thorax, reddish on each side and beneath ; oviduct
black, short. Posterior femora red towards the tijis ; posterior tibiae
red, with black tips ; fore femora and fore tibiic slightly streaked with
red. Wings cinereous, with numerous blackish points and trans-
verse dots; apical part with three blackish bands, the 1st interrupted;
veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by full
one-third of its length from the border, and by more than its length

294 ME. WAIiKEE's CATALOGUli; OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

from the prsebrachial transverse vein; lialteres piceous. Length of
the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Gren. Dacus, Fair.

86. Dacus PUBiSETA,n. s. Mas. Cyaneus, elongatus, capite argenteo,
facie fulva palpis nigris apice fulvis, antennis fulvis articulo 3" lon-
gissimo arista alba pubescente, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, abdoniine
compresso cupreo-purpureo, femoribus halteribusque albis, alis sub-
cinereis nigro bifasciatis, fascia 1" incompleta, 2^ lata vittam costa-
lem emittente.

Allied to D. divergens and to D. addens,

Male. Blue, elongate. Head with silvery-white tomentum behind, in
front, and about the eyes ; disk of the face tawny, its grooves for the
antennae alongside of the eyes. Palpi black, with tawny tips. An-
tennae tawny, as long as the face ; 3rd joint slender, six times the
length of the 2ud, slightly broader towards the tip which is rounded ;
arista white, much longer than the 3rd joint, denselj^ pubescent except
towards the tip. Thorax with three cinereous stripes ; pectus silvery
whitish; scutellum with two long apical bristles. Abdomen com-
pressed, cupreous-purple, varied with blue, much longer and narrower
than the thorax. Legs purplish-black, with silvery-whitish tomentum ;
femora white, except towards the tips. Wings slightly cinereous,
with two black bands ; 1st band incomplete; 2nd broad, emitting a
costal stripe to the tip of the wing ; veins black ; discal transverse
vein upright, slightly curved outward, parted by about one-fourth of
its lengtli from the border, and by rather less than its length from the
prajbrachial transverse vein, which is long and very oblique; halteres
white. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

87- Dacus discipennis, u. s. Fcetn. Fulvus, capite lutescente, facie
nigro biguttata, antennis facie longioribus, arista nuda, thoracis disco
piceo-nigro strigis maculisque duabus lateralibus flavis, abdomine
fusiforrai ferrugineo segmento 2° fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis halteribus-
que pallide flavis, alis subcinereis, dimidio antico vittaque postica
fuscis.

Allied to D. emittens.

Female. Tawny. Head more luteous ; face with a black dot in the
groove for the antenna on each side. Antennae longer than the face ;
1st and 2nd joints rather long; 3rd linear, slender, oblique at the tip,
about thrice the length of the 2nd ; arista bare, much longer than the
3rd joint. Metathorax and disk of the thorax and of the pectus
piceous black ; an oblique yellow streak on each side of the pectus,
and a large spot of the same colour on each side of the metathorax.
Abdomen fusiform, ferruginous, longer and a little narrower than the
thorax ; 2nd segment tawny. Legs tawny ; tarsi pale yellow. Wings
slightly cinereous, dark brown on half the breadth from the costa.

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 295

and with a diffuse brown stripe hindward ; the dark costal part diflFuse
towards tlie tip of the wing ; veins black ; discal transverse vein un-
dulating, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by
a little more than its length from the praebrachial transverse vein,
which is oblique ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 4 lines ;
of the wings 8 lines.

88. Dacus pectorahs. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 114.

89. Dacus AREOLATUS, n. s. Fam. Fulvus, capite pallide flavo, facie
guttis quatuor nigris, antennarum articulo 3" Jongissirao, thorace vittis
duabus nigris lituris nonnullis scutelloque flavis, abdomine brevi-
elliptico, oviductu gracili cylindrico longissimo, pedibus flavescentibus,
alis limpidis vittis duabus connexis fuscis 2" furcata, halteribus pal-
lide flavis.

Female. Tawny. Head pale yellow, except the disk of the front, which
is pale tawny ; face with two black dots in the groove for the antenna
on each'side. Antennae a little longer than the face ; 3rd joint linear,
slender, rounded at the tip, six times the length of the 2nd ; arista
simple, a little longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with two black
stripes ; two calli and a short hinder stripe on each side, scutellum, a
spot on each side of the metathorax, and an oblique streak on each
side of the pectus yellow. Abdomen short-elliptical, not longer than
the thorax, terminated b)"^ a slender cylindrical oviduct, which is as
long as the preceding part. Legs yellowish. Wings limpid, with a
brown costal stripe which is dilated towards the tips, and with a brown
irregular forked hindward stripe which is twice connected with the
costal stripe ; two elongated limpid spots included in the brown part ;
veins black, tawny towards the base ; discal transverse vein almost
straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by a
little more than its length from the oblique praebrachial transverse
vein ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings
5 lines.

90. Dacus STRiGiFiNis,n. s. Favi. Testaceus, elongatus, capite ma-
culis duabus nigris, antennarum articulo 3° epistoma attingente, tho-
race vittis tribus piceis, abdomine fusiformi, alis limpidis costa fusces-
cente, vena transversa discali fusco nebulosa.

Female. Testaceous, elongate. Head with a piceous point on the ver-
tex, and with a black spot on each of the grooves for the antennae.
Antennae reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint linear, slender, rounded at
the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd; arista bare, much
longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with three indistinct piceous stripes.
Abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little longer than the thorax. Wings
lim))id ; costa brownish ; veins testaceous ; discal transverse vein
straight, clouded with brown, parted by one-sixth of its length from
the border, and by about its length from the praebrachial transverse
vein. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

91. Dacus sepsoides. Walk. See ant^, p. 163.

296 ME. ATALKES'S CATAliOOlTE OP DIPTEROUS llfSECTS

G-en. Adiiama, Walk.

92. Ailrama selecta, Walk. See Vol. HI. p. 118.

93. Adrama consors, n. s. Fcem. Fulva, loiiga, gracilis, capita ma-
cula nigra, antenuarum articulo 3° linear! latiusculo, arista subpubes-
cente, thorace maculis duabus anticis nigris, abdomine longi-fusiformi
pubescente, pedibus longiusculis, femoribus mnticis, alis limpidis
costa nigra.

Female. Tawny, long, slender. Head with a black spot on the front.
Antenna; nearly reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint linear, rather broad,
rounded at the tip ; arista minutely pubescent, very much longer
than the 3rd joint. Thorax Avith a black spot on each side in front.
Abdomen elongate-fusiform, pubescent, a little narrower than the tho-
rax, and nearly twice its length. Legs rather long ; femora unarmed.
Wings limpid ; costa black to the tips ; veins black, tawny at the
base ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by one-sixth of
its length from the border, and by very much more than its length
from the prsebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body 4i lines ;
of the wings 7 lines.

Gren. Strttmeta, Walk.

94. Strum ETA bepleta, n. s. Fcem. Pallide lutea, capiteparvo, an-
tennis fulvis basi nigris arista plumosa, thorace vittis sex nigris, ab-
domine longi-ovato fasciis quatuor nigris, 2^ 3®que subinterruptis,
4" apicali, femoribus nigris, alis nigi'icanti-fuscis latiusculis vittis
duabus guttisque luteis et albis.

Female. Pale luteous. Head much narrower than the thorax. An-
tenna; tawny, black at the base, not more than half the length of the
face; 3rd joint about twice the length of the 2ud; arista thinly plu-
mose, full twice the length of the 3rd joint. Thorax with six black
stripes ; the two lateral pair abbreviated ; pectus with a black disk
and a black stripe on each side ; metathorax and base of the scutellum
black. Abdomen elongate-oval, a little longer than the thorax, with
four black bands, the 4th apical, the 2nd and 3rd slightly interrupted.
Femora black. Wings blackish -brown, rather broad, with luteous
costal dots, and with white marginal dots, with a luteous subcostal
stripe, and with a white posterior stripe ; veins black ; discal trans-
verse vein almost straight, slightly oblique, parted by one-fourth of its
length from the border, and by about its length from the praebrachial
transverse vein. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Geu. Ortalis, Fall6i.

95. Ortalis TARSALis, n. s. Fcem. Cyanea, nitens, caplte supra atro
antice piceo, palpis pedibusque nigris, antennis fulvis arista plumosa.

COLLECTED IN BATCniAN, KAISAA, ETC. 297

abdomine longi-conico, tarsis albis apice nigris, alls albis nigro tri-
fasciatis, fascia 2" puiictura album includente, 3"^ apud costam excnv-
rente, halteribus piceis.
Female. Blue, shining. Head deep black above, piceous in front, sil-
very white about tiie eyes. Proboscis and palpi black. Antennae
tawny, very short ; 3rd joint conical, a little longer than the 2nd ;
arista plumose. Abdomen elongate-conical, longer than the thorax ;
oviduct black, long, lanceolate. Legs black ; tarsi white, with black
tips. Wings white, with three black bands; 1st band very near the
base ; 2nd broad, including a white costal point ; 3rd traversing the
discal transverse vein, continued along the costa to the tip of the
wing; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by
less than half its length from the border, and by more than its length
from the prsebrachial transverse vein ; halteres piceous. Length of
the body 2^ lines; of the wings 4 lines.

95*. Ortalis OBLiauA, n.s. Fcem. Cyanea, nitens, capite piceo antice
fulvo, palpis pedibusque nigris, antennis fulvis, arista nuda, thorace '
vitta cinerea, abdomine subfusiformi subcompresso basi testaceo, fe-
raoribus anticis fulvis, alis albidis nigro trifasciatis, fascia 1" obliqua,
2" 3''que connexis, 3^ apicali, halteribus albidis.

Female. Blue, shining. Head piceous above, tawny in front, shining
white about the eyes; peristoma large, produced. Proboscis and
palpi black. Antennaj tawny, nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd
joint linear, rounded at the tip ; arista simple, slender. Thorax with
a cinereous stripe ; pectus with cinereous tomentum. Abdomen sub-
fusiform, keeled above, slightly compressed, testaceous at the base,
longer than the thorax ; oviduct black, long, lanceolate. Legs black,
pubescent ; fore coxa; and fore femora tawny. Wings whitish, with
three black bands which are abbreviated hindward ; 1st band oblique,
proceeding from the base of the costa to the disk ; 2nd attenuated
hindward, connected on the costa with the 3rd, which is apical ; veins
black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, imrted by one-fourth
of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
praibrachial transverse vein ; halteres whitish. Length of the body
2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Subfam. Sepsibes, Walk.

Gen. Angitula, Walk.

9(). Angitula longicollis. Walk, (see Vol. IIL p. 123), var. Fcem.
Cyanea, nitens, viridi purpureoque varia, capite antennisque pallide
luteis, articulo 3° apice nigro, abdomine fusiformi subtus luteo, pedi-
bus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque anticis albis, alis fuscescenti-cinc-
reis apice nigricantibus, costa basali halteribusque nigris.

Female. Blue, shining, varied with green and with purple. Head pale

LINN. PROC. ZOOLOGY. 20

298 MK. walker's catalogue of dtpterous tnst:cts

luteous, narrower than the thorax ; vertex and front reddish. An-
tennae pale luteous, shorter than the face ; 3rd joint linear, hlack
towards the tip, which is rounded ; arista puhescent. Thorax much
produced and attenuated in front ; scutellum truncated on the hind
border. Abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little longer than the
thorax, luteous beneath. Legs long, black, rather stout; femora
towards the base, and fore coxae, white. Wings brownish cinereous,
black along the basal part of the costa, blackish at the tips ; veins
black ; discal transverse vein hardly curved, parted by less than half
its length from the border, and by very much more than its length
from the prsebrachial transverse vein ; halteres black. Length of the
body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Gren, Calobata, Fahr.

97. Calobata stabilis, n. s. Fam. Cyanea, fronte atra, facie picea,
proboscide palpisque pallide flavis, antennis luteis, pedibus pallide
flavis, femoribus anticis apices versus tibiis anticis tibiis tarsisque pos-
terioribus piceis, femoribus posterioribus ])iceo trifasciatis, tarsis anticis
albis, alis subcinereis fascia apicibusque pallide fuscis.

Female. Blue. Head silvery w hite about the eyes ; front deep black ;
face piceous. Proboscis and palpi pale yellow, darker at the tips.
Antennae luteous ; 3rd joint conical. Thorax with slig' t cinereous
tomentura; pectus more silvery. Abdomen slender, compressed, a
little longer than the thorax, and less than half its breadth. Legs
pale yellow ; fore femora piceous for half the length from the tips ;
posterior femora with three piceous bands ; posterior tibiae and tarsi
and fore tibiae piceous ; fore tarsi w hite, piceous towards the base.
Wings slightly cinereous, pale brown towards the tips, and with a pale
brown band beyond the middle ; veins black ; cubital and praebrachial
veins converging towards each other, nearh' contiguous at the tips of
the wings ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by half its length
from the border, and by full four times its length from the praebra-
chial transverse vein ; halteres black. Length of the body 5 lines ;
of the wings 8 lines.

98. Calobata coarctata, n. s. Fam. Cinereo-nigra, gracihs, ca-
pite nigricauti-cyaneo, palpis antennisque nigris, arista nuda, pedibus
piceis, femoribus posterioribus fascia subapicali pallide flava, tarsis
albidis apice nigris, alis subcinereis nigricante trifasciatis, halteribus
albis apice nigris.

Female. Cinereous black, slender. Head blackish-blue, whitish about
the eyes. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black ; 3rd joint of the latter
conical ; arista simple, slender. Abdomen compressed, narrower and
very much longer than the thorax. Legs piceous, long, slender ;
posterior femora with a pale-yellow subapical band ; tarsi whitish,
with black tips. Wings narrow, slightly cinereous, blackish at their

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 299

tips, and with two blackish bands ; 2nd baud very broad ; veins black ;
cubital and praebrachial veins slightly converging towards their tips ;
discal transverse vein parted by one-fourth of its length from the bor-
der, and by about four times its length from the praebrachial transverse
vein ; halteres white, with black knobs. Length of the body 4 lines ;
of the wings 6 lines.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.

Gren. Micropeza, Ileig.

99. Micropeza fragilis. Walk. See Vol. I. p. 3/.

100. Micropeza prolixa, n. s. Masi Piceo-nigra, gracillima, ca-
pita antico palpisque fulvis, fronte atro guttata, antennis pedibusque
pallida luteis, his longissimis gracillimis, femoribus anticis, tarsis pos-
terioribus tibiisque piceis, tarsis anticis albis, alis nigricantibus, hal-
teribus piceis.

Male ? Piceous black, very slender. Head in front, proboscis, and palpi
tawny ; a deep black dot on the front. Antennae pale luteous ; 3rd
joint conical. Thorax fusiform. Abdomen linear, longer and nar-
rower than the thorax. Legs pale luteous, very long and slender ;
fore femora, tibiae, and posterior tarsi piceous ; fore tarsi white. Wings
blackish, very narrow, darkest along the costa ; veins black ; cubital
and prgebrachial veins slightly converging tow ards the tips ; discal
transverse vein straight, parted by less than its length from the bor-
der, and by more than six times its length from the praebrachial trans-
verse vein ; halteres piceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

Geii. Nebiijs, Wied.

101. Nerius duphcatus, Wied. See Vol. IIL p. 125.

Subfam. Oscintdes, Haliday.

Genus Cephaloconus, n. g.

F(em. Corpus breviusculura, subconvexum. Caput thorace vixbrevius;
facies elongata, porrecta, conica ; peristoma minimum. Proboscis et
palpi brevissima. Antennae brevissimae, articulo 3° conico, arista nuda.
Scutellum productuni. Abdomen longiconicum, thorace paulo bre-
vius. Pedes breviusculi, tibiis tarsisque gracilibus. Alae mediocres.

Female. Body rather short, slightly convex. Head nearly as long as
the thorax ; the face elongated, porrect, and conical ; peristoma very
small. Proboscis and palpi very short. Antennae very short ; 3rd
joint conical ; arista simple, slender, about four times the length of
the 3rd joint. Scutellum prominent. Abdomen elongate-conical,

20*

300 MR. WALKEe's CATALOaUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

shorter and a little narrower than the thorax. Legs rather short ;
tibiae and tarsi slender. Wings of moderate size ; veins straight ;
praebraehial vein beyond the discal transverse vein shghtly converging
towards the cubital vein.

102. Cephaloconus tenebrosus, n. s. Fcem. Cinereo-niger, ob-
scurus, capite nitente lineis quinque flavis, antennis luteis, metathorace
testaceo, tibiis, tai'sis halteribusque pallide flavis, aUs nigris postice
cinereis.

Female. Cinereous black, dull. Head shining black, with five yellow
lines — two above, one on each side, and one beneath ; front piceous,
slightly interlined with yellow. Antennse luteous. Metathorax tes-
taceous. Tibiae and tarsi pale yellow. Wings black, cinereous along
the hind border ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, nearly
upright, parted by half its length from the border, and by a little more
than twice its length from the praebraehial transverse vein ; halteres
pale yellow. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3^ lines.

Fara. HIPPOBOSCIDiE, Leach.
Gen. Ornithomtia, Olfers.

103. Ornithomyia batchianica, n. s. Viridis, nigro-setosa, tho-
race abdomineque fuscis, guttis duabus humeralibus nigris, pedibus
robustis, tibiis nigro vittatis, tarsis nigris, alls subcinereis.

Green, thickly beset with black bristles. Thorax brown ; humeral calli
large, green, each with a black dot. Abdomen brown. Legs robust ;
tibiae striped with black ; tarsi black. Wings slightly cinereous ;
veins black. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Fam. NTCTEEIBID^, Leach.

Gen. Ntcteribia, Latr.

104. Nycteribia parilis, n. s. Pallide lutea.
Pale luteous. Length of the body \ hne.

{Kaisau^

Fam. STEATIOMID^, Raliday.

Gen. Obeapa, Walk.

1. Obrapa perilampoides. Walk. See Vol. IIL p. 82.

Fam. LEPTID^, Wesfw.
Gen. Leptis, Fahr.

2. Leptis ferruginosa, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 118.

COLLECTED IN BATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 301

Fam. BOMBYLID.^, Leach.

Gren. Anthrax, Fabr.

3. Anthrax semiscita. Walk. See Vol. I. p. 118.

Fam. MUSCID.E, Latr.
Subfam. Dexides, Walk.

Gen. EuTiLiA, Desv.

4. Rutilia complicita. Walk. See ante, p. 288.

Subfam. Obtalides, Haliday.

Gen. Stetjmeta, Walk.

5. Strumeta repleta, Walk. See p. 296.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.
Gen. MiCROPEZA, Meig.
t). Micropeza prolixa, Walk. See p. 299.

{Makian.')

Fam. BOMBTLID^, Leach.

Gen. Anthrax, Fah\

1. Anthrax Pelops, Walk, (see Vol. III. p. 90), var. Fcem. Nigra,
capite antico fulvescente, thorace pilis ochraceis marginato, scutello
apicem versus obscure rufo, abdomine fasciis tluabus pallidis, maculis
quatuor lateralibus subapicalibus niveis, lateribus basi ochraceo pilosis,
alls nigricantibus apice et apud marginem posticum ciuereis.

Female. Black, nearly allied to A. Tantalus. Head with some tawny
down in front. Third joint of the antennae lanceolate, much longer
than the arista. Thorax and pectus thickly clothed with ochraceous
hairs in front and along each side ; scutellum dark red towards the
tip. Abdomen thickly clothed with ochraceous hairs on each side of
the base, with a slender basal band of paler hairs, with a middle yellow-
ish-white band, and with two subapical snow-white dots on each side ;
disk beneath with short yellowish-white bands. Wings blackish,
cinereous at the tii)s and along the hind border. Length of the body
6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

302 MB. avalkbr's catalogue or dipterous insects

Fam. MUSCID^, Latr.
Subfam. Musctdes, Walk.

Gen. MuscA, lAnn.

2. MuscA (Gen. Chrysomyia, Desv.) nitescens, n. s. Fcem. Cya-
nescenti-viridis, capite argenteo, frontalibus atris, palpis antennis
pedibusque nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro fasciatis, alis cinereis,
basi costa alulisque nigricantibus.

Female. Bluish-green, with black bristles. Head silvery white ; fron-
talia deep black, linear. Palpi, antennae, and legs black. Antennae
nearly reaching the epistoma. Abdomen with a black band on the
hind border of each segment. Wings cinereous, blackish about the
base and along most of the costa ; veins black ; praebrachial vein form-
ing a rounded right angle at its flexure, beyond which it is slightly
curved inward ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by half its length
from the border, and by much less than its length from the flexure of
the praebrachial ; alulae blackish. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
wings 8 lines.

(Tidon.)

Earn. ASILID^, Leach.

Subfam. Dastpogoisites, Walk.

Gen. Dasypogon, Fair.

1. Dasypogon coNGRESSUS, n. s. Mas. Niger, capite antico argen-
teo, mystace albo, antennis lanceolatis, abdomine lineari segmentis
albido marginatis, alis cinereis, halteribus albis.

Male. Black, with whitish tomentum. Head silvery white in front;
mystax composed of several white bristles. Antennae lanceolate, not
longer than half the breadth of the head. Abdomen linear, narrower
and very much longer than the thorax ; hind borders of the segments
whitish. Legs stout, bristly. Wings cinereous; veins black; sub-
anal and anal veins united on the hind border ; halteres white. Length
of the body 3i lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Fam. BOMBYLID^, Leach.
Gen. Anthkax, Fabr.
2. Anthrax Pelops, Walk. See Vol. HL p. 90.

COLLECTED IN UATCHIAN, KAISAA, ETC. 303

Pam. SYRPHID.E, Leach.

Gen. EaiSTALis, Latr.

3. Eristalis inficitus, n.s. Mas. Luteus, capitis vitta chalybeo-
fiilva, antennarum arista nuda, thorace maculis duabus lateralibus
trigonis iiigris, fasciis duabus albidis, abdomine basi albido-tomentoso
apicem versus subfeneo fasciis duabus nigris interruptis, alis limpidis,
halteribus flavescentibus.

Male. Luteous. Head with yellowish-white tomentum, excepting the
shining tawny stripe, which has a chalybeous tinge hindward. Eyes
red. Antennae luteous; arista simple. Thorax with a large trian-
gular black spot on each side of the disk, with a whitish band, and
with another hindward adjoining the soutellum ; metathorax black ;
pectus with a whitish oblique streak on each side; its disk black.
Abdomen with whitish tomentum at the base, and with an aeneous
tinge towards the tip ; hind borders of the 1st and 2nd segments
black on each side. Wings limpid ; veins black, tawny towards the
base ; halteres yellowish. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings
8 lines.

Fam. MUSCID.^, Latr.

Sub fain. Tacuinides, Walk.

Gren. EcHiNOMTiA, Dum&il.

4. EcHiNOMYiA SARCOPHAGoiDES, n. s. Fcsm. Nigra, ciuereo to-
mentosa, capite albo, frontalibus rufis antice dilatatis, antennis rufis
articulo 3 supra nigricante, thorace quadrivittato, scutelli margine
postico rufescente, abdomine tessellato, alis cinereis, venis transversis
fusco uebulosis, alulis albis, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Black with cinereous tomentum and with black bristles and
spines. Head white ; froutalia red, widening much in front, with
bristles along each side ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma prominent.
Antenna; red ; ord joint blackish and gibbous above, shorter than the
2nd, which has some black bristles above ; arista stout, longer than
the 3rd joint. Thorax with four slight stripes ; scutellum reddish
about the hind border. Abdomen tessellated, a little broader and
longer than the thorax. Legs very robust. Wings cinereous; veins
black, tawny along the costa and towards the base ; transverse veins
clouded with brown ; pra;brachial vein forming a right angle at its
flexure, near which it is curved inward, and is tlience straight to its
tip; discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by its liugth from
the border, and by much less than its length from the flexure of the
praibrachial ; alulae white; halteres tawny. Length of the body 6
lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

304 DR. X. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEIIOSTOMA STKGAMTJS.

On Sclerostoma Syngamiis, and the Disease which it occasions in
Birds. By T. Spencee Cobbold, M.D., F.L.S., Lecturer on
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Middlesex Hospital Col-
lege.

[Eead Dec. 20th, I860.]

In the year 1799, a letter from Dr. Andi'ew "Wiesenthal, Professor
of Anatomy at Baltimore, U.S., was puhlished in the second
volume of the 'Medical and Physical Journal,' containing an
account of a parasite infesting the trachea of fowls and turkeys in
America. As this brief communication bears the early date of
May 21st, 1797, and constitutes the first public record that we
liave respecting the above-named entozoon, I will introduce the
subject by a short extract from Dr. Wiesenthal' s letter. " There
is," he says, "a disease prevalent among the gallinaceous poultry
in this country, called the gapes, which destroys eight-tenths of
our fowls in many parts, and takes place in the greatest degree
among the young turkeys and chickens bred upon old-established
farms. Chicks and poults, in a few days after they are hatched, are
found frequently to open their mouths wide, and gasp for breath,
at the same time frequently sneezing and attempting to swallow.
At first the affection is slight, but gradually becomes more and
more oppressive, and it ultimately destroys. Yery few recover ;
they languish, grow dispirited, droop and die. It is generally
known that these symptoms are occasioned by worms in the
trachea. I have seen the whole [wind-pipe] completely filled with
these worms, and have been astonished at the animals being ca-
pable of respiration under such circumstances."

Any one who has witnessed birds suffering from the above-
named malady, known in this country also by the name oi gapes,
will at once have recognized the close accuracy of Dr. AViesenthal's
description ; and so far as the phenomenology of the disease itself
is concerned, very little more has been added in the accounts
which have from time to time appeared. The publication of tlie
letter above referred to is accompanied by a simple woodcut repre-
senting one of the worms of its natural size, and another view of
the same example three or four times magnified. The figures
evidently depict a female ; but the position of the reproductive
orifice is not indicated, neither is the question of sexuality dis-
cussed.

On the 1st of August 1808, the English naturalist, George
Montagu, P.L.S , made a communication to the AVernerian So-

DE. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEEOSTOMA SYNGAMUS. 305

ciety, Ins paper being entitled " x\ccovmt of a species of Faseiola
which infests the trachea of Poultry, with a Mode of Cure." Mon-
tagu does not appear to have been aware of the existence of any
previous record on this subject, as we gather from an editorial
note appended to his memoir in the first volume of the Wernerian
Society's Transactions. Fortunately our author gave a scientific
description of the parasite, which consequently led to its being
specifically noticed, under various titles, in the systematic works
of Rudolphi, Dujardin, and Diesing ; but by far the most elabo-
rate accounts of this animal are due to the writings of Von Siebold,
whose name legitimately stands at the head of helmintliology.

To avoid further prelude, I subjoin a complete synonymy, with
references : —

Sclerostomum Syngamxis. Diesing.

Sclerostomum Syngamus, Diesing, Syst. Helminth, vol. ii. p. 302.
S. tracheale, Diesing, loc. cit. p. 303.

Syngamus trachealis, Siebold, Wiegmann's Archiv, 1836. Div. 1. p. 106,
pi. 3, tigs. 1,2; ibid. 1837, Div. 1. p. 53 et67; ibid. 1838, Div. 2.
p. 293 ; ibid. 1842, Div. 2. p. 348 ; Dujardin, Hist. Nat. des Helminth,
p. 261 ; Youatt, 'Veterinarian,' 1840; also in Gurlt and Hartwig's Mag.
f. d. gesammt. Thierheilk. fiir 1841, p. 50.

Strongylus trachealis, Nathusius, Wiegmann's Archiv, 1837. Div. 1. p.
60 ; Creplin, ibid. 1846, Div. 1. p. 131 ; BelUngham, Annals of Nat. Hist,
vol. xiii. p. 104; also in Frorie])'s Neu. Notiz. vol. xi. ]). 160.
S. Meleagris Gallopavonis, Bellingham ; (loc. cit.).
Distoma lineare, Rudolphi, Entoz. Synops. i)p. 114 & 414.
Faseiola trachea [sic], Montagu, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. i.
p. 194,pl. 7. fig. 4.

Worm of poultry, Wiesenthal, Med. and Phys. Journ. 1799, vol. ii.
p. 204 (with woodcut).

If, as I surmise, the above synonyms all refer to the same
species of worm, this parasite has been found and recorded as
occurring in the trachea of the following birds, namely : the Tur-
key, Domestic Cock, Pheasant, Partridge, Common Duck, Lap-
wing, Bhxck Stork, Magpie, Hooded Crow, Green Woodpecker,
Starling and Swift. I do not doubt that tliis list might be very
much extended if our British ornithologists would favour us with
their experience in the matter. Hithei'to I have been surjjrised
to find how few of those to whom I have mentioned the subject
appear to be acquainted either with the nature of the parasite or
with the various methods to be adopted in curing the disease to
which its presence in the windpipe gives rise. In view, therefore,
of adding something to our knowledge of its structure, and, more

306 DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEROSTOMA SifNGAMUS.

particularly, in the hope of direcliug general attention to the
mode of checking its ravages, I have ventured to make it the sub-
ject of a special communication, which will not, I trust, be the less
opportune, following, as it does, Mr. Lubbock's interesting account
of Splicerularia* .

The specimens forming the subject of my recent examinations
came into my possession last July, whUst on a visit to my friend,
Mr. William J. Fraser, at the Eookery, near Dartford, in Kent.
Here my attention was directed to a small, diseased, almost feather-
less chicken, which I at once recognized as suffering from the
gapes. The bird belonged to a brood consisting of eleven indivi-
duals, all of which were between six and seven weeks old. The
ten healthy birds had individually attained a considerable size, an
average example weighing 9^ ouuces ; but the infested chicken
had only acquired a weight of 4 ounces, in consequence of the
deteriorating influences of an impeded respiration. Several other
equally striking evidences of an imperfect nutrition were obser-
vable : among these were the extremely rudimental condition of the
wattles, the small body as contrasted with the relatively much
more highly developed extremities, and the very scanty growth
of the feathers, which on several parts of the body were entirely
wanting ; the healthy birds being well fledged throughout. The
strange habits of the chicken were also in keeping with its physi-
cal peculiarities. It held itself entirely aloof from the other mem-
bers of the brood, and, as if to make up for its defective assimilating
powers, tried to add to its substance by greedily devouring every
thing which came in its way, thus consuming fully two or three
times as much as any other member of the brood. The only in-
terruption to its constant eating during the day arose from the
act of gaping, which took place at irregular intervals, sometimes
as often as once every minute. The extension of the neck, and
consequent elongation of the trachea, seems to have the effect of
separating or unfolding the knot of enclosed parasites- — sufiiciently,
at least, to allow of a certain degree of expiration and inspiration.

Having, on scientific grounds, stated my desire to experiment
upon and cure this bird of its disease, Mr. Praser persuaded me to
take it away, which I did a few days afterwards, and operated
upon it in the following manner : — A very small portion of carded
wool having been dipped in chloroform and placed in front of the
bird's nostrils, it was soon rendered perfectly iusensible. The
skin ofthe neck was then divided and the trachea slit up to the ex-
* See 'Nat. Hist. Review,' new series, vol. i. p. 44, et seq.

DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEBOSTOMA SYNGAMUS. 307

tent of about a quarter of au inch ; and introducing one prong of a
pair of common dissecting forceps, I removed seven Sclerostomata.
Six of these parasites were united in pairs, the odd worm being a
female from which the mate had in all likelihood been rudely torn
during the withdrawal of the forceps ; and if so, it escaped my
observation. After I had closed the external wound with a single
thread, the bird was permitted to wake out of its artificial sleep ;
and, notwithstanding that it had parted with a drop or two of
blood, it soon recovered its legs, and ran about the table as vigo-
rously as ever. Moreover, as if this were not enough to satisfy
me as to its almost instantaneous cure, in a very few minutes after-
wards it demolished the contents of a saucer partly filled with
bread previously steeped in milk. An occasional gape was caused
by an accumulation of frothy mucus within the injured trachea ;
but this obstruction the bird soon got rid of, by a few shakes of
the head attended with sneezing. The only subsequent incon-
venience to the bird arose from emphysematous distention of the
cellular tissue of the head and neck. This was on two or three
occasions relieved by a slight puncture of the extremely thin in-
tegument, the emphysema ceasing to form after the external wound
had healed. Unwilling to lose sight of this chicken, I took it with
me into Norfolk, where it was well fed and rapidly attained the
size of an ordinary full-grown pullet. A few days ago it was
returned to me alive, having attained the weight of 2 lbs. 8|- ozs.
I have since caused it to be killed ; and on dissecting the neck,
although there was no scar externally, a distinct cicatrix indicates
the site of the operation on the trachea, — the divided cartilaginous
rings, six in number, being united only by a thin layer of con-
nective tissue.

Reverting now to the Entozoa extracted from the trachea, I
observe, in the first place, that the females have an average length
of fths of an inch, the males scarcely exceeding -g-th of an inch. In
both sexes the bodies are tolerably uniform in breadtli throughout ;
and that of the female measures ^th, whilst the transverse dia-
meter of the male is only from y\)-th to 57, th of an inch. The heads
are relatively even more disproportionate. In the fresh state the
mouth of the female was seen to be furnished with six prominent
chitinous lips; but the conspicuousuess of the latter became much
lessened after the specimens had been placed in spirit (fig. 2).
In both sexes the surface of the body is quite smooth ; but the
female displays a series of spirally arranged lines, which at first
sight convey the idea of a natural twisting of the body ; this

308

DK. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEEOSTOMA STNGAMUS.

torsion, however, is more apparent than real, being likewise more
marked in some individuals tlian in others. The body of the
female, towards the tail, exhibits a decided tendency to fold upon
itself; and in one example this feature was very significant (fig. 3).
The lower part of the body preserves a tolerably uniform thick-
ness almost to the extremity, where it is suddenly constricted to

EXPLANATION OF WOODCUT.

Fig. 1. Sclerostoma Syngamus, male and female. Natural size.

Fig. 2. Upper part of the same, showing more especially the six-lobed
circular lip of the female, and the mode of sexual union. Enlarged.

Fig. 3. Lower end of the body of the female, with its mucronate caudal
ajipendage. Enlarged.

Fig. 4. Lower end of the body of the male, showing the cup-shaped
bursa, hard rays, lateral muscles, bifurcate penis, digestive tube, and
rounded tail. Magnified 30 diameters.

Fig. 5. Mature egg. X 220 diam.

Fig. 6. Egg, with contained embryo. X 220 diam.

form a short, narrow, mucronate, pointed taU scarcely visible to
the naked eye. Employing a pocket-lens, it is easy to observe
through the transparent integument the spacious digestive canal,
surrounded on all sides by sinuous foldings of the ovarium, tuba,
and uterus, — the vagina terminating laterally at a point coi'respond-

DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEBOSTOMA STNGAMUS. 309

ing with the line of the upper foui*th of the body. Here the male
is usually found rigidly affixed by means of a strong, membranous,
sucker-like biu'sa, which proceeds from the lower end of its body.
This cup-shaped appendage is formed out of a folded extension of
the dermal covering, which thus envelopes the centrally enclosed
and rounded tail (fig. 4). The membrane of the bursa is simple,
transparent, undivided, smooth at its free border, and strengthened
internally by a series of projecting rays, the precise number of
which I could not ascertain with certainty. Probably there are
twelve ; but I only recognized nine. These rays appear to me to
be simple, firm, chitinous bands, whose purpose is to fix and sup-
port the bursa, in the same manner as we find the whalebone rods
employed to distend the hood of an umbrella. Acting antagonis-
tically to these rays we also find a pair of strong retractor muscles,
which, taking their origin a little higher up on either side, con-
verge below to be inserted into the base of the cup-shaped bursa
(fig. 4), In addition to these structures, a very distinct view of
the penis can be gained by transmitted light. This organ, in the
retracted condition, is entirely concealed within the caudal pro-
minence. It is very small, only about the 2-2-5^^ ^^ ^^ i^ch in
length, and consists of two narrow cylindrical spicules, which,
though distinct, are firmly united at their lower third (fig. 4).

In regard to the peculiar mode of union of the sexes, it becomes
an interesting point to ascertain whether there be an actual incor-
poration of the substance of the copulatory organs during or after
the act of impregnation. In my specimens none of the three pair
were organically united, and I succeeded in separating one pair
very readily. Dujardin speaks of them as being soldered together,
whilst the statements of Von Siebold are still more explicit. In
connexion with this subject, the latter observer makes the follow-
ing comment *: — " The two sexes of almost all round worms are
united only at the time of copulation. The male of Heteroura andro-
phora has also the habit of remaining connected with its mate
beyond the period of copulation ; here, thus, there is a continuous
union of the two sexes without a growing together ; and in Syn-
gamus trachealis there is ultimately a lasting continuity of the
sexes by means of an actual growing together."

Having entire confidence in Von Siebold's statement, I am bound

to conclude that the sexual union in my specimens had only recently

been effected ; but, admitting this to have been the case, one

naturally asks in what manner can the mature eggs make their

* Wiegmann's Archiv, 1836, p. 106.

310 DR. T. S. COBBOLD OK SCLEEOSTOMA STNGAMUS.

escape, seeing that the vagina is blocked up by the intromittent
organ and bursa of the male ? Clearly the eggs can only escape by
an eventual breaking up of the body of the parent ; this result,
however, is quite admissible, as it constantly happens in the ces-
tode proglottides, where the vaginal orifice is too small to allow
of the escape of the eggs vrith their contained six-hooked embryos.
The eggs of Sclerostoma Syngamus are comparatively large, mea-
suring longitudinally as much as the a-y-g-th of an inch, their trans-
verse diameter being just half the above measiirement ; the length
of the yelk is g^^o^h from pole to pole. The process of segmentation
of the yelk accords with that observable in nematodes generally,
the spherical cellules represented in the accompanying drawing
(fig. 5) averaging a breadth of only ^ /q gth of an inch. The egg itself
is oval, and bordered by two extremely delicate and transparent
envelopes, whose curvatures at either pole are slightly interrupted,
and the eggs consequently present truncated ends when viewed
in profile. Many of the ova contain fully formed embryos ; and
in the centre of the lower third of the body of one of them I
distinctly perceived an undulating canal, probably constituting the
as yet imperfectly formed intestinal tube. By whatever mode the
young make their exit from the shell, it is manifest that prior to
their exptdsion, they are sufficiently developed to undertake an
active migration. Their next habitation may occur within the
body of certain insect larvae or even small land mollusks ; but I
think it more likely that they either enter the substance of vege-
table matters or bury themselves in the soil at a short distance
from the surface.

Finally, I propose very briefly to notice the various methods
which may be adopted with the view, on the one hand, of checking
the destructive influences of this parasite, and, on the other, of
limiting its abundance.

First. When the worm has taken up its abode in the trachea
of fowls and other domesticated birds, the simplest plan consists,
as Dr. Wiesenthal long ago pointed out, in stripping a feather
from the tube to near the narrow end of the shaft, leaving only a
few uninjured webs at the tip. The bird being secured, the webbed
extremity of the feather is introduced into the windpipe. It is
then twisted round a few times and withdrawn, when it will usually
happen that several of the worms are found attached. In some
instances this plan entirely succeeds ; but it is not altogether
satisfactory, as it occasionally fails to dislodge aU the occupants.

Secondly. The above method is rendered more effectual when

DR. T. S. COBBOLD ON SCLEROSTOMA SINGAMUS. 311

tlie feather is previously steeped iu some medicated solution which
will destroy the worms. Mr. Bartlett, Superintendent of the
Zoological Society's Gardens, employs for this purpose salt, or a
weak infusion of tobacco ; and he informs me that the simple
application of turpentine to the throat externally is sufficient to
kill the worms. To this plan, however, there is the objection, that,
unless much care be taken, the bird itself may be injuriously affected
by the drugs employed.

Thirdly. The mode of treatment recommended by Mr. Mon-
tagu appears worthy of mention, as it proved successful in his
hands, although the infested birds were old partridges. One of his
birds had died from suffocation ; but he teUs us that " change of
food and change of place, together with the infusion of rue and
garlic instead of plain water to drink, and chiefly hempseed,
independent of the green vegetables which the grass plot of the
menagery afforded, recovered the others in a very short time."

Fourthly. The plan I have here adopted by way of experiment.
This method is evidently only necessary when the disease has so
far advanced that immediate suffocation becomes inevitable ; or it
may be resorted to when other methods have failed. In the most
far-gone eases instant relief will follow this operation, since the
trachea may with certainty be cleared of all obstructions.

Lastly. Perhaps the most essential thing to be observed, in
view of putting a check upon tlie future prevalence of the disease,
is the total destruction of the parasites after their removal —
a precaution, however, which cannot be adopted if Mr. Mon-
tagu's mode of treatment is followed. If the worms be merely
killed and thrown away (say, upon the ground), it is scarcely
likely that the mature eggs will have sustained any injury. De-
composition having set in, the young embryos will sooner or later
escape from their shells, migrate in the soil or elsewhere, and
ultimately find their way into the air-passages of certain birds in
the same manner as their parents did before them.

INDEX.

Page

Achatiua, Lam 196

Achatina folliculus, Gron. . . . 203

ruricola, Lowe 203

Adi-ama, TFal/c 296

consors, Tfalk 296

selecta, Walk 296

Alphceus Eclwardsii on the coast of
Cornwall, Jonathan Couch on the

discovery of 210

Amphibia 224, 226

Amphiptyches, Grube &f Wag. 54, 56

Urna, G. &^ W. 54

I'ugosa, Cohb 54

Aniphistoma, Rud 51, 56

asperuni, Dies 51

attenuatiun. Dies 54

coniciun, Rud 51

Conus, Crepl. (sp.) ... 52

crumenifermn, Crepl. . . 51

cylindi'icum, Dies. ... 54

eiuarginatum. Dies. ... 52

explanatum, Crepl. ... 51

fabaceura, Dies 52

Ferrum-equiiiuni, Dies. . . 53

giganteum. Dies 52

grande. Dies 52

Hu'udo, Dies 52

lunatum, Dies 52

Megacotyle, Dies 53

IS^attereri, Cohb 53

oxycephaluni. Dies. ... 54

pyrifornie. Dies 51

scleroporuin, Crepl. ... 52

subclavatum, Rud 53

subtriquetrvini, Rud. ... 52

uncifonne, Rud 52

Angitula, Walk 297

longicoUis, Walk 297

Ant, account of habits of a spe-
cies of Australian 217

Anthomyidcs, Walk. . . 216, 261
Anthrax, Fab. . . . 237, 282, 301

— • — aterriuia, Dolm 283

confii-mata, Walk. ... 283

Pelops, Walk. 282, 237, 301, 302

LINN. PBOC. — zooLoar.

Page
Anthrax prsetendcns, Walk. . . 283

semiscita. Walk. . . 283, 301

Tantalus, Fabr. .... 266

Ai'chegosaurus 221

AsihdsB, Leach, 233, 259, 263, 277, 302
Asilites, Walk. . 236, 259, 264, 280
AsUus, Linn. . . 236, 260, 265, 281

areolatus 260

complens, Walk 281

determuiatus 265

involutus, Walk 281

lEEvis, Walk 237

mendax. Walk 260

Ascmides, Haliday 299

Baccha, Fabr 239, 285

basahs, Walk 239

incisa. Walk 285

tripartita, Walk 285

Batracliia 224

Billiarzia, Cobb 30, 55

ha;uiatobia, Cobb 31

magna, Cobb 31

Bombyhd£e, Leach, 237, 260, 266, 282,
301, 302.

BombyUtes, Walk 282

Borborides, Haliday . . . 246, 291
Bradley, C. J., Note on the occur-
rence of Gyrodactylus ancho-

ratus, Nordm 257

on the occurrence of Gyro-
dactylus elegants on Sticklebacks
in the Ilampstead Ponds. . . 209
Buccmmn vittatiun, Linn. . . .186

Bidimus, Sco}) 196

acutus, Miill 201

decollatus, L. (sp.) . . 201, 202

Paivaj, Lowe 201

solitarius, Poir 201

-^ — ventrosus, Fer 201

Coenurgia, Walk. 270

rcmipes. Walk 270

Calobata, Fabr 253, 298

coarctata, Walk 298

— — - contraria, Walk 253

plagiata, Walk 253

21

314

Page

Calobata stabilis, JFalk 298

Cainpula, Cobb 4, 5-4

oblouga, Cobb 4

Carocolliiia, I]eek 196

Celvphus, Dalm 268

scutatus, IFied .... 268

Cephaloconus, JFalk 299

tenebrosus 300

Cerea, Fabr 238, 266

annuliiera, Walk 238

lateralis, TFalk 26G

Chrvsomyia, Macq 273

^bipai-s, Walk 273

Chiyscpila, Macq 282

guttipenuis, Walk. . . ■ 282

Chrj'sops, 3Ieige». .... 203, 276
fasciatus, Wied 263

— parallelus, Walk 276

siguifer, Walk 276

CUtellaria, Meiff. . . 232, 258, 271

obesa 232, 271

tibialis. Walk 258

Cobbokl, T. S., Synopsis of the Di-

stomidse 1

Cobbokl, T. S., Further obsei-va-
tions on Entozoa, with experi-
ments 255

Cobbold, T. S. , on Selerostoma Syn-
gamus and the disease which it

occasions in bh'ds 304

Codonocephalus, Dies. . . . 44, 56

mutabilis, Dies 44

Columbella conulus, Olio. . . . 185
Conus franciscanus, Bnig. . . . 186

Gotaiuba, Walk 246, 291'

fumifera, Walk. . . 247, 291

Couch, Jonathan, on tlie discovery
oiAlpheusEdwardsii on the coast

of Cornwall 210

Ci'ossodei'a, Z)«_/rtrf? 31,55

— • — ■ Campanula, Duj 31

laureata, Duj 31

linearis, Diij 31

nodulosa, Dtij 31

papillosii, D:;J 31

porciuum. Lam. (sp.) . . . 193

Culex, Utm 229

filipes. Walk 229

zonatipes. Walk 229

Culicida?, Haliday 229

Cymbium Cisiiun, Menke . . .194
^ — OUa, Linn, (sp.) .... 190

porciuum, Lam. (sp.) . . . 193

proboscidale, Lam . (sp.) . . 193

productum, Lowe .... 191

rubiginosum, Swains. . 186,191

Dacus, Fabr. . . . 250, 262, 294

ai'colatus, Walk 295

concisus, Walk 252

— — devius, Walk 250

Page
Dacus discipennis. Walk. . . . 294

divergens. Walk 262

instabOis, Walk 250

hturatus. Walk 251

? uigrUinea, Walk 251

pubiseta. Walk 294

scpsoides. Walk 295

sordidus. Walk 251

strigifinis, Walk 295

Damalis, Fabr 237

lugens. Walk 237

Dasypogon, Fahr 277, 302

congi'essus. Walk 302

glabratus, Walk. . . • . 277

honestus. Walk 277

Dasypogonites, Walk. 233, 259,277, 302
Dcxia, Meig. . . . 260, 266, 287

ahdifera. Walk 287

cylindi'ica. Walk 260

fusiformis. Walk 266

nirifera, Walk 287

Dexides, Walk. . 241, 260, 266, 287

Dioctria, Meigen 233

Diodon, on the poisonous elfect

of the liver of a 213

Diopsides, Walk 263

Diopsis, Linn 263

subnotata, Wedw 263

Diplostoma (Diplostomum),i\'orf7w.

49, 56

brevicaudatuni, Dies. ... 50

clavatum, Nordm 49

craniarium, Cohb 49

cuticola. Dies 50

gTande, Dies 50

Miilleri, Cobb 50

rachiieum, Heiile 49

volvens, Nordm 50

DiPTERA. Catalogue of Dipterous
Insects collected in Batchian,
Ivaisaa, and Makian, and at Ti-
don in Celebes, by Mr. A. E.

Wallace 270

. Catalogue of Dipterous In-
sects collected at Dorey, New
Guinea, by Mr. A. R. \Vallace . 229
. Catalogue of Dipterous In-
sects collected at Manado in Ce-
lebes, and in Tond, by Mr. A. E.

Wallace 258

Discocepliala, Macq 259

concolor. Walk 259

Distoma, Zeder 5, 54

acervocalciferuiu, Gast. . . 18

acutura, Leuckart ... 8

requale, Dujard 14

affine, Rud 27

albicolle, End 12

allostomum. Dies 20

angulatimi, Dies 29

INDEX.

:J1:

Distoma annuligerum, Nordm.

auonvmum, Dies,

apertum, Siid. .

appeudiciilatum, Rud.

arcuatuni, Dujard.

Arenula, Crepl. .

areolatum, Rud.

armatiim, Zed. .

arrectuiu, Dujard.

Assula, Dujard.

atomon, Rud.

auriciilatum, Wedl.

baccigerum, Rud.

binoclo, Zed. . .

Blancliardii, Cohh.

Boscii, Cohb. .

brevicolle, Crepl.

Calceolus, MoL

capitellatu'.ii, Rnd.

caniosum, Rud.

caudale, Rud.

caudiporuui, Rud.

chilostomuni, Mehl.

cirratum, Rud. .

clathratimi, Desl.

Clara, Dies. .

clavatiiui, Rtid. .

clavigerum, Rud.

clinostonium, Cohh.

cochloarilbrnie, Rm

Colluriouis, Zed.

commutatuni, Die.-i.

complanatuni, Rud.

coucavum, Crepl.

conjunctum, Cobb.

contortum, Rud.

crassicolle, Rud.

crassiuscidum, Rud.

crassum, Cofjb. .

crjstallinum. Rud.

cucuuierinum, Rud.

cuueatum, Rud. .

— — cygnoides, Zed. .

cylindraceuii), Zed.

cymbiformp, Rud.

deflectrns, Rud. .

delicatuliun, Rnd.

deudriticura, Rud.

Diesingii, Cobb. .

diffusocalciferuni, Ga-if.

dimorphum, Dies.

disticbuni, Zed. .

divergeiis, Rud. .

Dujardinii, Cobb.

elcgans, Rud.

Elephantis, Jackson

Embryo, Olf. .

endolobum, Duj.

excisum, Rtid.

fasciatum, Rud.

Page

. 28

. 25

. 27

. 20

. 15

. 15

. 26

. 33

. 20

. 20

. 30

. 25

. 27

. 29

. 8

. 19

. 14

. 25

. 26

. 22

. 14

. 22

7

. 12

. 15

. 19

. 21

. 16

. 24

. 13

. 15

. 15

. 10

. 11

, 255

. 29

. 18

15

5

16

10

9

15

17

18

12

10

22

11

18

10

29

23

29

12

8

26

17

25

23

Page

Distouia fdicoUc, Van Ben. . . 31

fililbnne, Rud 28

Filum, Dujard. . . . ' . . 15

flexuosuni, Rud 7

Folium, Off. 23

fraetum, Rud 28

fill V 111 ti, Rud 23

furcatum, Brems 29

fuscaluui, Rud 11

gelatinosiim, Rud 19

geniculatum, Dies 30

Genu, Rud 27

gibbosmn, Rud 28

giganteuni, Dies 4

Gigas, Nard 28

globiporum, Rud 21

globocaudatuin, Crepl. . . 13

Globulus, Rud 11

Goliath, Van Ben 8

grandc, Rud 12

graudiporum, Rud 23

Granulum, Rud 27

hieinatobium, Bilh. ... 31

hepaticum, Ahild 3

heterophyes, Sieb 6

heteroporum, Dujard. . . 8

hcterostomum, Rud. ... 10

hians, Rud 10

liolostomum, Rud 11

homoeostomum, Dies. ... 30

liorridimT, Leidy .... 20

hyalinum, Rud 26

Hyla;, Rud 16

iucisum, Rud 22

incivile, Leidy 20

iucomtimi, Rud 27

inflexuui, Rud 26

iusigue, Diesing 24

in stabile, Dujard 8

involutum, Rud 13

irroratmu, Rud 20

isostomum, Rud 30

Kollikerii, Cobb 30

labiatmn, i?i/r7 27

laciniatum, Dujard. ... 8

Lancea, Die.nny .*.... 6

lanceolatum, Mehl. ... 5

Leidyi, Cobb 10

Lima, Rv.d 7

Lineola, Dies 12

Lingua, Crepf 11

Linguatula, Rud 18

longicolle, Cobb 18

longum, Leidy 24

lucipetimi, Rud 11

luteum, lt\g 30

niacropoculuni, Cobb. ... 25

macrostonium, Rud. . . 14

macrourum, Rud 11

maculosum, J2«rf 13

21*

316

INDEX.

Page

Distoma marginatum, MoJ. . . 10

megacotyle, Dies 30

megastonium, Bud. ... 24

montulatuni, End 19

mcsostomum, Rud 14

microccphalum, Baird . . 24

microcotyle, Dies 25

micrococcum, Bud. ... 13

microsomum, Bud 27

microstomum, Bud. ... 26

migrans, Duj 9

minutum, Cobb 14

Monas, Bud 19

Miilleri, Cobb 24

nanum, Bud 12

nigi'oflavum, Bud 29

obesmn, Diesing .... 24

ocreatum, Bud 27

ophthalmobimn, Diesing . . 6

orbicularc, Diesing .... 7

ovatum, Bud 9

oxycepbalmn, Bud. ... 12

oxyurum, Crep 12

jDacbysomum, JEysenJi. . . 27

pallens, Bud 26

perlatiim. Nor dm 29

polymorpbum, Bud. ... 23

Pontalliei, Cobb 10

piilchellimi, Bud 22

punctura, Zeder .... 28

pusillmn. Zed 7

Putorii, Mol 9

pvxidatum, Bremser ... 19

Eacbion, Cobb 25

Raynerianum, Nard. ... 28

Receptacubnn, Cobb. ... 29

recm-vimi, Duj 9

reflexum, Cre])1 24

— = — repandum. Bud 19

retusmn, Dujard 18

rosaceum, Nordm, . . . -. 26

rnbens, Dujard 6

rude, Diesing 7

rufoviride, Bud. ..... 22

Saccus, Mol 8

seriale, Bud 23

signatum, Dujard 20

sinuatum. Bud 25

soleEeformc, Bud 26

Soricis, Pont 9

^ — tenuicollc, Budolphi ... 6

— ■- — tereticollc, Bnd, .... 21

tetracystis, Qastald . . . l7

— = — tornatum, Bud 28

toj-idosum. Bud 28

transversale, Bud 22

triangulare. Dies. , . . . 13

trigonocepbalum, B^id. . . 33

— — truncatum, Leuck 8

• tubarium, Bud 28

Page
Distoma tumidulum, B^id. ... 22

varicum, Zed 24

variegatum, Bud 17

• veliporum, CreiA 25

• ventricosum. Bud 27

WedHi, Cobb 18

xantiiosomum. Wag. ... 15

Distomidce, Synopsis of the, . . 1

Dolescballa, TFalk 242

cylindrica. Walk 242

Dolicbopida?, Leach . . . 238, 283

Donax anatmus. Lam 176

Dryomyza, Fallen 290

semicyanea, TValk 290

Ecbinomyia, Dumer 303

sarcopbagoides. Walk. . . 303

EchLnostoma, Cobb 32, 55

aeantboides, Duj. (sp.) . . 33

annulatum, Cobb 36

apieulatum, Duj. (sp.) . . 35

Baculus, Dies, (sp.) ... 36

bilobum, Bud. (sp.) ... 35

einctum, Duj. (sp.) ... 35

cristatum, Duj. (sp.) ... 37

denticulatum, Duj. (sp.) . . 36

dUatatum, Cobb 35

Dujardiiiii, Cobb 37

ecbinatum, Duj. (sp.) . . 33

ecliinocepbalum, Duj. (sp.) . 34

fallax. Bud. (sp.) .' . . . 37

fei'ox, Duj. (sp.) .... 35

bispidum, Abild. (sp.). . . 36

incrassatum, Cobb 33

leptosoma, Duj. (sp.) ... 35

mibtare, Duj. (sp.) ... 34

neplu'ocepbalum. Dies, (sp.) . 36

Pristis, Duj. (sp.) .... 36

scabrmn. Zed. (sp.). ... 37

-^ serratum. Dies, (sp.) ... 35

spiculator, Duj. (sp.) ... 33

spundosum, Duj. (sp.) . . 36

trigonocepbalum, Duj. (sp.) 33

imcinatum, Duj. (sp.) . . 35

Ebsma, Leach 196

Empidfe, Leach 238

Eniconeura, Macq 262

■ pictipennis. Walk 262

Eutozoa, I'urtber observations on,

by T. S. Cobbold . . . .255

Epiceia, Walk 283

ferruginca. Walk 283

EristaUs, Latr 239, 266, 284

bomboides. Walk 239

belopliiloides. Walk. . . . 284

inficitus, Walk 303

lucilioides. Walk 284

obscurata, Walk 239

— — splendens, Leguill. . . 239, 284

tortuosa, Walk 266

Eumerus, Meig. .,,,,. 284

INDEX,

817

Page
Eumerus argentipes, Walk. . . 284

Euparypha, Sarfm ]95

Eurygaster, Macq 210, 286

'- limitaris, WalJc 286

mutans, Walk 210

Eustemma, Dies 44, 56

caryophylluui, Dies. ... 44

Fasciola 3, 54

armata, Mud. ...... 33

gigantea, Cohh 4

• liepatica, Linn 3

Putorii, Bud 33

trigonocephala, Bud. ... 33

Ferussacia, Bisso 196

Fissurella reticulata, Don. . . . 177

nubecula, Linn 177

Gasteropoda and Conchifera, com-
mon tabular plan of the organi-
zation of the 208

Gasterostoma, Von Sieb. . . . 37, 55

armatum, Mol 37

fimbriatum, Von Sieb. ... 37

gracilescens, TVacf 37

minimum, Waff 37

Greene, J. Reay, on the mutual re-
lations of the cold-blooded Ver-

tebrata 218

GymnostyUa, Macq 243

invita, Walk 243

Gynoplistia, Westw 231

fulviceps, TValk 231

G-yrodactylus anclioratus, Nordm.,
note on the occuiTcnce of . . 257

elegans on Sticklebacks, C L.

Bradley on the occurrence of . 209

Helicida) 195

Helix, L 195

caperata, Mont 197

Euma?us, Lowe 198

Irus, Lowe 198

lactea, Milll 200

lancerottensis, Webb . . . 199

lenticula, Fer 200

-^ Orbignyi, Webb 199

pisana,'7)fM/? 196

— — planata, Chemn 196

Pumilio, Chemn 200

Helminths, primary division of . 2
Helomyza, Fallen \ . . . 246, 290

nivistriga. Walk 246

quadrifera. Walk 246

scutellaris. Walk 290

Helomyzides, Fallen . . . 246, 290

Hemistoma, Dies 47, 56

alatum, Dies 47

auritum, Dies 48

clathratum, Dies 47

. commutatuni. Dies. ... 48

cordatum, Dies 47

deuticulatum, Dies. ... 48

Page
Ilcmistoma excavatum, Dies. . . 49

pedatum. Dies 47

podomorphum. Dies. ... 48

spathaceum. Dies 48

spatula. Dies 48

trilobum. Dies 48

Hippoboscida;, Leach, 254, 263, 270, 300

Hipponyx subrufa, Soiv 177

Holostoma (Holostomum), Nitzsch

44, 56

BeUinghamii, Cobb. ... 45

Clavus, Mol 47

Coruu, Nitzsch 45

crenulatum, Cobb 47

dubium, Cobb 45

erraticum, Dujard 46

gracile, Dujard 46

Lagena, Mol 45

longicolle, Dujard 45

microstomum, Dujard. . . 45

nmltilobum, Cobb 46

nitidum, Leidy 47

pileatum, Dujard 46

platycephalum, Dujard. . . 46

serpens, Nitzsch 45

sphaerula, Dujard 45

tenuicolle, Dies 45

variabile, Nifsch 44

variegatum, Dujard. ... 46

Westrumbii, Cobb 45

Hutton, Mrs. Lewis, account of the
habits of a species of AustraUan

Ant, by 217

Hybos, Fabr 237

bicolor. Walk 237

Jameson, H., onthepoisonous effect
of a small poi'tion of the liver of

a Diodon 213

Idia, Meigen 267

divisa, Walk 267

IvoUikeria, Cobb 31, 55

fihcoUis, Cobb 31

Laphria, Fabr. . . . 234, 263, 277

ardesccns. Walk 235

argentifera. Walk 279

basaUs, Walk 248

basifera, Walk 279

bipars. Walk 235

■ congrua. Walk 277

consurgens, Walk 278

conveniens. Walk 278

disciplena. Walk 235

flagrantissima. Walk. . . . 279

llammipennis. Walk. . . . 263

liturifera, Walk 234

manifesta. Walk 280

obhquistriga. Walk. . . . 264

replens, Walk 234

tripars, Walk 235

Vulcauus, Wied 264

318

IXDEX.

Lamprogaster, Macq.
costalis. Walk.

Page
. 217, 261
. . . 247

— — luteiponnis, Walk 261

niarginifera, Walk 292

patula, Walk 247

sexvittata, Walk 261

ventralis, Walk 248

Laphritcs, Walk. . . 234, 263, 277

Lauxanides, Walk 268

Lepidosiren 221

Leptidfc, Wexfw. . . 237, 282, 300
Lcptis, Fabr. . . . 237, 282, 300

ferruginosa, Wied 237, 282, 300

impar. Walk 282

Leptogaster, Meigen 281

ferrugineus, Walk 281

tarsaUs, Walk. . . . . . 281

Limnobia, Meigen 229

pcrdecora, Walk 230

quadrifurca, Walk. . . . 230

strigivena, Walk 229

terminalis, Walk 230

Lowe, R. T., a list of shells col-
lected at Madagascar, by . . .

Lutraria piperata, Ziafr

Macdonald, J. D., on the homo-
logies of the so-called univalve
shell and its operculum

Masicera, Macq 286

ficta, Walk 286

Massieyta, Walk 271

cerioides. Walk 271

Melampus sequalis, Lowe . . . 195
Melanopsis cariosa, Linn. (sp.). . 180

prterosa, Linn, (sp.) . . . 183

Micropeza, Meig 253, 299

forficuloidcs, Walk. . . .253

iragilis, Walk 299

prolixa. Walk 299

Mogador, a Ust of shells observed
and collected at, by E. T. Lowe 169

Monostoma, Zed 38, 55

alveatum, Mehl 40

attennatum, Bud 40

169
176

204

Blainvillci, Cobb.

39

Braunii, Cobb 43

capitellatum, Rud 42

caryophyUinum, Zed. ... 43

cocldeariforrae. Mud. ... 43

constrietum, Lies 42

crenulatum, Rud 41

Cymbium, Dies 40

dehcatulum, Lies 41

dubium, Cobb 43

cchinostomum, Lies. ... 43

cllipticum, Rud 41

expansuin, Crepl 40

filicoUe, Rud 31

Filmn, Dujard 42

flavum, Mehl 39

Page
Monostoma foliaceuui, Rud. . . 12

galeatum, Riid 4r>

gracile, Rud 43

Gurltii, Cobb 42

Hippocrepis, Lies 38

Hystrix, Mol 41

incommodum, Leidy . . . 42

Kulmii, Cobb 39

lentis, Nordm 38

liguloideum. Lies 42

macrostomum, Rud. ... 41

molle, Leidy 41

mutabile. Zed 39

Noctulffi, Cobb 39

ocreatum. Zed 39

orbiculare, Rud 42

ornatum, Leidy 41

petasatum, Lesl 40

phcatum, Crepl 39

— — praemorsum, Nordm. ... 42

prismaticum. Zed 40

renicapite, Leidy .... 41

— ■ — spirale, Lies 41

squammula, Lies 38

sulcatum. Lies 41

ventricosum, Rud 40

WecUii, Cobb 43

Musca, Linn. 244, 261, 267, 290, 302

caUiphoroides, Walk. . . . 215

conflagrans. Walk. .... 2G1

costahs, Walk 290

diflusa, Walk , , 290

ditissima, Walk 2 14

mXesoe-as, Walk 302

prospera. Walk 267

sarcophagoides, Walk. . . 244

trifascia. Walk 245

umbrifera. Walk 267

Muscidae, Latr. 240, 260, 266, 286,

302, 303
Muscides, Latr. . 244, 261, 290, 302
Myeetopliilidse, Haliday . . . 263
Mystia, Walk. ....... 249

attrahens, Walk 250

Nassa incrassata, Mull 185

Nematobothrium, Van Bened. . 43, 56

filarina, l^an Ben 43

Nemorisa, Macq 240

postidans, Walk 240

Nerita maroccana, Chemn. . . . 184
Nerius, Wied . . . 254_269, 299

duphcatus, Wied . . 254, 299

fuscipennis, Macq 269

— - — mantoides, Walk 254

Nycteribia, Latr 270, 300

— — ? dubia, Westw 270

parilis, Walk 300

]N'ycteribidiB, Leach . . . 270, 300
Obrapa, Walk. . . . 233, 273, 300
perQampoides, Wa^c. 233,273, 300

INDEX.

319

Pago
Obrapa celyphoides, Walk. . 233, 273
Omniatius, /«(>r, 237, 260, 265, 281

discalis. Walk 265

nanus. Walk 237

noctiCer, W^alk. . . . 237, 281

scitulus, Walk 266

strictiis, Walk 260

Operculum in luiivalve shells, J.
D.Macdonald on the homologies

of the 204

- Ornithomyia, Olfers, 254, 263, 270, 300

Batchiauica, Walk. . . . 300

Doreica, Walk 254

exUis, Walk 254

obscurata, Walk 270

plana. Walk 254

simplex. Walk 263

Ortahdes, Haliday, 247, 261, 268, 292

OrtaUs, Fallen 296

obUqua, Walk 297

tarsalis, Walk 296

Oxygyrus, Benson 205

Paehyrhina, Macq 231

tripartita, Walk 231

Paragvis, Latr 266

latiuscidus. Walk 266

Paragiis, Meig. ....... 285

substitutus. Walk 285

Patella compressa, Loioe .... 177

lusitauica, Gm 176

pellucida, L 176

punctata. Lam 176

rustica, Linn. . . . . . 176

Pentastoma denticulatum . . . 255

PhasianeUa 205

Phorocera, Macq 240

couvertens, Walk 240

Phytalmia, Gerst 269

guttipennis, Walk 269

Pisces 227

Planaria latiuscula, Goeze ... 3

MoUs, Goeze 33

Putoria, Goeze 33

Platystoma, X«/;- 268,293

atomaria, Latr 293

Irontahs, Walk 268

producta, Walk 293

punctiplena. Walk. . . . 268

Poticara, Walk 218

triarcuata 249

i'rosoiia, Sl.-Farg 243

lurida. Walk 243

P.-^ilides, Walk. . . 253, 269, 299
Psilopus, Meigen .... 238, 283

marginalis, Walk. . . . 283

variipennis, Walk 238

Pterogeuia, Bigot 292

variipennis. Walk 292

vittiiinis, Walk 292

I'hilocera, Wied .... 232, 270

Page
Philocera quadridentata . . 232, 270
Purpura Lapdlus, Linn. (sp). . . 185

ReptUia 224, 225

BeptiUa, Key to Professor Owen's

arrangement of the .... 218

Ehopalophoi'us, Lies 51, 56

coronatus. Lies 51

horridus, Lies 51

Rioxa, Walk - 252

formosipennis, Walk. . . 252

Runiina, Bisso 196

RutUia, Lesv 241, 287

atribasis, Walk 288

complicita, Walk. . . 288, 301

fervens, Walk 288

glorificans. Walk 241

lucigena. Walk 242

Monefa, Walk 242

satuvatissima, Walk. . . . 287

trixoides. Walk 289

volucelloides. Walk. . . .289

Rhypliomorpha, Walk 275

bilinea. Walk 275

Salduba, Walk 271

hilaris, Walk 271

lugubris. Walk 271

melanaria, Walk 272

scapularis. Walk 272

singularis, Walk 272

Sargus, Fabr 273

concisus. Walk 273

debilis. Walk 274

inficitus. Walk 274

longipes 232

quadrifasciatus, Walk. . . 274

tarsalis, Walk 274

tibialis. Walk 273

Saruga, Walk 233

conifera 233

Sciara, Meigen 263

longipes, Walk 263 '

Sclerostoma Sgngatnus, and the

disease which it occasions in
birds, T. S. Cobbold on . . . 304
Sepedon, Lair 291

costahs. Walk 291

Sepsides, Walk. . . . 253, 269, 297
Shell, univalve, J. D. Macdonald

on the homologies of the , . . 204
Sijiaretus haliotoideus, Linn. . . 184
Siphonaria pectiuata, Linn. . . . 177

Solarium luteum. Lam 177

Spilogastcr, Macq. . . > . . 246

xanthoceras, Walk. . 246, 261

Stratiomidffi, Haliday, 232, 258, 270,

300 .
Strationiys, Geoff- . . 232, 258, 271

a^quahs. Walk 271

bifaseia 232

finaUs. Walk 258

320

INDEX.

Strumeta, Walk 296

repleta, Walk 296

Syrphida;, Leack . 238, 266, 284, 303

Sji-phus, Fabr 286

Ecgrotus, Fabr 286

cricetoriun, Fabr 286

Tabauidee, Leach . 233, 258, 263, 275
Tabanus, Zinn. . . . 233, 258, 275

Doreicus, Walk 233

— — extricans. Walk 275

flexilis. Walk 259

insui'gens, Walk 276

speculum. Walk 258

Tachea, Leacli 196

Tachinides, Wallc. . 240, 286, 303

Tapes Pullastra, Mont 176

Thereva, Latr 260

congrua, Walk 260

Thereyites, Walk 260

Tinda, Walk 233

recedens. Walk 233

Tipula, Linn 231

cougruens. Walk 231

TipuUdffi, Haliday 229

Trematoda = 3

Tricoceplialus affinis 255

dispai- 256

Trochus carneus, Gm 179

Eltonice, Lowe 178

lineatus. La Costa .... 179

sanguineus, Linn 179

umbilicatus, Mont. . . . 179

Trupanea, Macq 264, 280

addens. Walk 280

complens, Walk 236

concolor. Walk 259

interponens. Walk, . . . 280

plutonica 265

streuua 264

Turbo 205

Turricula, Beck 196

Vertebrata, coldblooded, J. Reay
Grreene ou the mutual Relations

of the 218

Unio Hispanus, Moq.-Tand. . . 176
Walker, Francis, Catalogue of the
Dipterous Insects coUeeted at
Dorey, New Guinea, by Mr. A.

R. WaUace 229

Walker, Francis, Catalogue of Di-
pterous Insects collected by Mr.
WaUaee in Batchian, Kaisaa and
Makian, and at Tidon iii Cele-
bes 270

Walker, Francis, Catalogue of Di-
pterous Insects collected by Mr.
A. R. Wallace at Manado in
Celebes, and in Tond .... 258

Wedlia, Cobb 37, 55

bipartita, Wedl (sp.) ... 38

Faba, Brems. (sp.) ... 38

Xarnuta, Walk 291

leucotelus, WalJc 291

Xylophagidse, Steph 275

THE END.

Printed byTAVLOK and Fkancis, Kcd Lion Court, Fleet Street.

Mat 24. Price 3s.

JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY.

Vol. V. No. 20.

I. Zoological Papers.

CONTENTS.

Page

1. Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Manado in

Celebes, and in Tond, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descrip-
tions of New Species. By Francis Walkeb, Esq., P.L.S.
{continued) 265

2. Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in Batcliian,

Kaisaa and Makian, and at Tidon in Celebes, by Mr. A. R.
Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By Feancis
Walker, Esq., F.L.S 270

3. On Sclerostoma Syngwnms, and the Diseases which it occasions

in Birds. By T. Spencer Cobbold, M.D., F.L.S., Lecturer
on Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Middlesex Hospital
College 304

II. Botanical Papers.

1. Preecursores ad Floram Indicam. — Cruciferse. By J. D.

Hooker, M.D., F.R.S. & L.S., and T. Thomson, M.D.,
F.R.S. & L.S. {continued) 157

2. Note on the Fructification and Affinities of Hydnum gelati-

nosum, Fr. By Frederick Cueeet, M.A., F.R.S. & L.S. . 181

3. Extract from a Letter, addressed to Sir William J. Hooker,

on the Botany of Benguela, Mossamedes, &c., in Western
Africa. By P. Welwitsch, M.D., A.L.S 182

4. On a New British Plant. By Joshua Clarke, Esq., P.L.S. . 187

5. Discovery of Isoetes Hystrix in Guernsey, announced in a

Letter addressed to tlie Secretary of the Linnean Society.
By Charles C. Babington, M.A., F.R.S., P.L.S. . . . 188

6. On the Occurrence of Festuca ambiguay Le Gtill, in the Isle

of Wight. By Alexander Or. More, Esq., P.L.S. . . .189

LONDON:
LONGMAN, OKEEN, LONGMANS AND EGBERTS,

AND

WILLIAMS AND NOEGATE.

1861.

4!^

3 2044 106 309 339

^X/ ' -^ '-*