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ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIE’

OF LONDON.

NEW SERIES.
VOLUME IV.

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Ray L EDITED: BY Ye
J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S., F.RHS.

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Br £ *

AND

DYER, B.A., B.Sc,

ESSOR OF BOTANY TO THE SOCIETY.

EXTRACTS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ROYAL WORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

January 17, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Messrs. E. G. Henderson
for Primula sinensis ( filicifolia), Emperor (rosy crimson), Princess
of Wales (pure white), Exquisite (delicate pink), and Magenta King ;
and to Mr. Denning, gardener to Lord Londesborough, for Odonto-
glossum Denisone, probably a white variety of O. luteo-purpureum.
Cultural Commendations were given to Mr. Denning for Phale-

_nopsis Porteana ; to Messrs. Veitch for forced examples of Persian
and Charles X. Lilacs; to Mr. Turner for hybrid Aucubas and Tricolor
Pelargonia; to Mr. B. 8. Williams for Cattleya Walkeriana; to
Messrs. Backhouse for Lelia autumnalis grandiflora; and to Mr.
Wiggins for Cyclamens. An Extra Prize was given to Messrs.
Standish for Bouvardias. Messrs. Lane were first for Ivies, Mr.
Turner second; Messrs. Standish first for Conifers, Messrs. Veitch
second, Messrs. Lane third.

VOL. IV. a

ll ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were given to Mr. Wilson, gardener
to Earl Fortescue, for two Charlotte Rothschild Pines, weighing
134 lbs., cut from plants 17 months old ; and to Mr. Bray, gardener
to W. A. Sandford, Esq., for forced Asparagus. Messrs. Backhouse
sent the Galloway Pippin, to which a First-class Certificate was
awarded last year, which fully maintains its character. Mr.
Parsons, gardener to R. Attenborough, Esq., was first for Apples,
Mr. Miles, gardener to Lord Carrington, second. Mr. Miles was
first for Kitchen Pears with unusually well-coloured Catillac.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
Dr. Masters, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The Secretary brought a false cone of the common Spruce pro-
duced by the aphis Chemes abietis ; it was interesting from being
confined to one side of the shoot.

Mr. Marshall sent a Chinese Primrose with green leafy flowers,
upon which Dr. Masters was requested to report.

GENERAL MEETING.
Lord H. Gorpon Lennox, M.P., in the Chair.

The proceedings were merely formal.

Fresruary 14, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Messrs. Veitch for Aentia
australis and A. Canterburiana from Lord Howe’s Island; to Mr.
B. S. Williams for Davallia Tyermannit; to Mr. C. Noble for

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. lil

Thujopsis borealis (aurea variegata) ; to Mr. Green for Lhipidoden-
dron plicatile (majus) ; and to Mr. Croucher for Agave Morgani and
A. Gibbsii. A Second-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. Bull
for Odontoglossum odoratum. Cultural Commendations were given
to Messrs. Veitch for Hippeastrum pardinum and a fine group of
Orchids; to Mr. Speed, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire, for
cut flowers of Amherstia nobilis ; to Mr. B. S. Williams for Orchids,
hybrid Solanums, and Zl/andsia Lindent ; to Messrs. Rollisson for
a group of Orchids; to Mr. Howard, gardener to J. Brand, Esq.,
for Orchids and two baskets of Lily of the Valley; to Mr. Denning
for Orchids; to Mr. Wiggins for Cyclamens; to Mr. B. Johnson,
gardener to T. T. Clarke, Esq., for Daphne indica (rubra); to Mr. J.
Tompkins for Primula (Princess Louise) ; to Mr. Richards, gardener
to Baron Rothschild, for a variety of Odontoglossum Alexandre ; to
Mr. Wilson, gardener to W. Marshall, Esq., for Iasdevallia ignea ;
to Mr. Lawrence, gardener to Bishop Sumner, for Dendrochilum
glumaceum ; to Mr. W. Paul for cut Camellias; to Mr. Ware for
succulent plants and spring flowers; and to Messrs. Standish for
spring forced plants. Mr. J. George, gardener to Messrs. Nicholson,
took the First Prize for Dielytras, Mr. Denning being second. Mr.
Penning was first for Lycastes. Mr. Goddard, gardener to JI.
Little, Esq., was first for Chinese Primulas, Messrs. Dobson receiving
an Extra Prize. Mr. J. Scott, gardener to J. B. Howitt, Esq.,
took the Prize offered by Mr. W. Paul for Waltham White Primula.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A Cultural Commendation to Mr. Melville, Jersey, for prolific
variegated ornamental Greens. Mr. Miles took the First Prize for
Apples, Mr. Parsons second. For Pears Mr. J. Stephenson, gardener
to F. C. Barker, Esq., was first, Mr. Dixon, gardener to Lady
Holland, second. Mr. Gilbert sent a new form of Grape Exhibition
Case, which was recommended to be sent to Chiswick for trial.

1V ROYAL TLORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
ANDREW Murray, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Webb, of Reigate, sent a Cyclamen which had thrown up a
stem bearing leaves and axillary flowers; he had six or eight other
plants in the same condition. The stem was round in its lower
part, but somewhat aborted in the upper, with a petiole and
pedunele partly adnate to it, giving the whole a slightly fasciated
appearance.

Major Clarke said that he had heard from the late Donald
Beaton that cuttings from these stems, which oceasionally occurred,
afforded a means of propagating Cyclamens.

Dr. Welwitsch had several times met with wild plants of
Cyclamen in Carinthia producing similar branches.

The grub of a small Moth, probably Zhecla Lsocratis, was shown
feeding on the fruit of the Pomegranate.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer had seen specimens of Polyporus Pee Ss
from Hampstead, riddled in every direction by the larvee of a small
Moth.

Dr. Welwitsch stated that, from a communication from Count
Salms, he learnt that there was now evidence in the Berlin
Museum that the parasite producing the deformity exhibited at the
Committee on Noy. 1., and of which a similar instance was figured
in the ‘‘ Gardener’s Chronicle,” 1871, p. 1425, wasa true Loranthus,
as leaves still remained on the specimen.

GENERAL MEETING.
James Bateman, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Professor Thiselton Dyer commented on the plants examined by
the Floral Committee, and especially on Amherstva nobilis, which was
originally introduced by Mr. Gibson. Mr. Bateman stated that at
Penllagere, near Swansea, Mr. Dillwyn had a plant of Evergreen
Beech (agus betuloides), near the tide line, which was 15 feet high,
with a girth of 11 inches at 3 feet from the ground, when last
measured, near which Arundinaria falcata has attained a height of

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. Vv

15 feet.* Mr. Bateman then commented on the Orchids exhibited,
and especially on Odontoglossum Alexandre as an object of ornament.
The Meeting then adjourned.

Marcu 6, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Mr. B. 8. Williams for
Toxicophlaa spectabilis ; to Mr. Green for Lmantophyllum miniatum
( Coopert), believed to be identical with J. meniatum (pictum), shown
formerly by Mr. Bull, and the same as grandiflorum of the nurseries ;
to Messrs. Rollisson for Calamus verticilaris; to Mr. W. Paal
for Waltham White Primula. Cultural Commendations were
awarded to Mr. Masson, gardener to R. Miln, Esq., for Phalaenopsis
Schilleriana with 207 fully-expanded blossoms, to which a Silver
Floral Medal was awarded ; to Mr. Denning for a group of Orchids ;
to Messrs. Veitch for Dendrobium Farmert, for Palms and Roses in
Pots; to Mr. B. 8. Williams for Dendrobium Cambridgeanum,
Cyclamens, &c.; to Mr. Ware for hardy spring flowers ; to Messrs.
Rollisson for Palms and Orchids; to Mr. Herbst for two baskets of
Lily of the Valley ; to Messrs. Henderson for Cyclamens ; to Messrs.
Standish for forced spring flowers, with a grand box of Maréchal
Niel Rose; and to Mr. W. Paul for cut Camellias. Mr. Potts,
gardener to J. Knowles, Esq., took the First Prize for cut blooms of
Camellias.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were given to Mr. Miles for smooth
Cayenne Pines, weighing 63 and 5 lbs., from plants thirteen months
old; to Sir. W. C. Trevelyan for home-grown Oranges and Lemons ;
and to Mr. Sage, gardener to Earl Brownlow, for Keen’s Seedling
Strawberries. Mr. J. Potts, gardener to J. Knowles, Esq., was first
for late Grapes, Mr. Sage second, Mr. Bannerman, gardener to

* There is an illustration of the tree in the “ Gardener’s Chronicle,”
1872, p. 467.

vl ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Lord Bagot, third. Mr. Miles was first for Asparagus, Seakale,
and Rhubarb, Mr. Bray second, and Mr. Gilbert third. Mr. E.
Benary sent a small variety of Indian Corn, the cobs being from
3 to 4 inches long.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
AnpREW Murray, Hsq., F.L.S., in the Chair.

The Secretary brought a branch of a Portugal Laurel in which
the leaves were a good deal bleached, while others had only the
perforations which are commonly the consequence of frost. The
tree had been unhealthy ever since the winter of 1866, and its
condition was apparently attributable to that severe season.

He also brought a branch of an Apple-tree in which eanker
had arisen from the development of adventitious roots.

A letter was read from Mr. Thwaites respecting the disease
which has affected the Coffee plantations in Ceylon, which is due
to a very curious Fungus (HHemuileva vastatrixz) intermediate between
Uredinet and Mucedines. It attacks the leaves, and causes them
to fall prematurely.

A discussion then took place respecting the ‘‘ Australian
Caoutchouc,” which has been found on the surface of sandy
erounds near Adelaide. It is believed to have been derived
from petroleum springs. It is remarkable that it contains traces
of the necklace-like bodies which are characteristic of the genus
Collema and also Cymbelle. (See for a detailed account Journ.
of Bot. 1872, pp. 103—106, and 338.)

Prof. Thiselton Dyer exhibited a solution of esculetin which
is remarkably fluorescent.

He also read an abstract of a paper by C. J. Maximowicz on
the ‘‘ Influence of Foreign Pollen on the Form of the Fruit pro-
duced.” (See Journ. R. Hort. Soc. n.s. iii., pp. 161—168.) -

GENERAL MEETING.
Lord H. Gorpon Lennox, M.P., in the Chair.

' Mr. Berkeley stated that the Toxicophlea, which was so much
admired by the Floral Committee, belongs to the same natural

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS, Vil

order as the common Periwinkle, and that the bark is used by
the Hottentots as an ordeal. Whatever may be thought of the
Imantophyllum, it is certainly an improvement on the common
form. Mr. Wilson Saunders had also sent flowers of the ornamental
Composite Séiftia chrysanths. Horticulturists are much in-
debted to Messrs. Backhouse and Mr. Ware for calling attention
to hardy spring flowers. Mr. Berkeley stated that plants of
Brocoli lifted to protect them from the frost had in many cases
rotted off from the middle of the stem. Mr. Bateman commented
on the Orchids.

Marcu 20, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Mr. Jaques, gardener
to P. Cunliffe, Esq., for Odontoglossum Alexandre (roseum); to
Messrs. Veitch for O. Andersonianum, possibly a hybrid between
O. Alexandre and O. gloriosum; and to Mr. B. 8. Williams for
Agave geminata * (Wiliams), A Cultural Commendation was given
to Mr. Chambers, gardener to J. Lawrence, Esq., for Beaumontira
grandiflora ; to Mr. Wiggins for Cyclamen Persicum (giganteum) ; and
to Mr. Dixon, Norwood, for a group of plants. Messrs. Veitch
sent Masdevallia Harryana, a name which now is substituted for
MM. amabiirs.

Messrs. Veitch were first for Hyacinths, and many other Prizes
were awarded.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A Cultural Commendation was given to Mr. J. Hudson, gardener
to J. C. Imthurn, Esq., for Lady Downe Grapes. A bunch of
the same variety was sent by Mr. Kemp, gardener to the Duke
of Northumberland, kept in his new registered Grape rail and

* An error for 4. geminiflora.

Vill ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

stand, which was approved by the Committce, but it was suggested
that bottles should be used instead of zine. Mr. Ross, gardener
to C. Eyre, Esq., took the First Prize for Apples, Mr. Miles and
Mr. Parsons also obtaining Prizes. Mr. Ross was the only ex-
hibitor for Snow’s Winter White Brocoli.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.

The Secretary brought a portion of a small branch of a Cedar
the upper end of which had perished, though much larger in dia-
meter than the part beneath it which had been injured by the
frost of 1866 ; it illustrated the fact that the injury induced by frost
is frequently not fully apparent till after the lapse of some years.

A plant of Jresine Herbst was sent from the Society’s garden
at Chiswick, in which half of the whole plant was green while
the other half was red.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer pointed out that the bright pink bracts
of Dalechampia Roezliana acquire a green colour as the fruit is
developed.

GENERAL MEETING.
J. Bateman, Esq., F.RS., in the Chair.

Attention was again called to TZoxicophleaa, which scarcely
differs from Carissa, and to the curious Azalea linearis sent by
Messrs. Standish. Prof. Thiselton Dyer then commented on
General Pleasonton’s theory respecting the effect of coloured
glass on the growth of Vines. Violet light was anything but
advantageous for two of the things which were most essential to the
growth of plants—the formation of chlorophyl and the evolution
of oxygen from the leaves. Hecould not, therefore, encourage the
adoption of this system. Mr. Bateman then observed that care
should be taken in staging Orchids that their tints were not over-
whelmed by the primary colours of Hyacinths and Tulips.

THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

I. On the Production of Honey-Dew. Translated in Abstract from

a Memoir by M. Boussingault (Comptes Rendus, Jan. 8, 1872),
by W. T. Tuisetron Dyer, B.A., B.Sc., F.L.S.

[Read April 3, 1872.]

On July 21, 1869, at Liebfrauenberg, the leaves of a Lime were
coated on their upper surface with an extremely saccharine viscid
matter. The tree, in fact, afforded an example of the production of
honey-dew, a manna-like substance, which is frequently observable
upon the Lime, the Black Alder, the Maple, and the Rose. I have
myself noticed it upon a Plum-tree, and—which is a very rare
occurrence—upon a young Oak.*

On the 22nd the honey-dew was sufficiently abundant in the
morning to fall in large drops upon the ground. It was a shower
of manna. At three o’clock the saccharine matter no longer
remained fluid upon the leaves which were exposed to the sun. It
had sufficient consistency not to adhere to the fingers when touched ;

* [A saccharine substance exudes from the leaves of Quercus mannifera in
Kurdistan. (Lindley, Bot. Reg., May and June, 1840.) Such a secretion
from the Oak is more than once alluded to by Latin poets. In the Golden
Age—“ dura ‘quercus sudabunt vescida mella.” (Virg. Ec. iv., 30.) Martin
remarks (Virg. ii., 36)—“ It is no uncommon thing to find a sweet glutinous
liquor on Oak leaves.” —W, T. D.] |

VOL, Iv. B

2 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

it formed, in fact, a sort of transparent and flexible varnish. Out
of the sun the honey-dew still retained its viscous condition.

On the 23rd, at seven in the evening, several leaves at the ex-
tremity of a branch were washed and sponged, so as to remove all
the saccharine matter. At six o’clock the following morning the
leaves which had been washed seemed free from honey-dew, but,
on examination with a lens, minute glistening dots, due to very
small drops, were observable. At seven the same evening the
appearance of the leaves remained the same. The day had been
warm ; the temperature in the shade 84°.

On the 25th numerous spots of honey-dew were scattered over
the leaves, but there were none upon the principal veins; at three
- o'clock the temperature was 86°.

During the night a violent shower removed a great part of the
honey-dew formed during the evening. It became, therefore,
impossible to follow, as had been proposed, the progress of the
secretion upon the leaves washed upon the 22nd. A swarm of bees
settled upon the tree.

On the 27th the whole of the honey-dew had disappeared, in
consequence of the rain which fell during the evening of the 26th.
The temperature had stood at between 62° and 75° F. On the
morning of the 28th the leaves bore numerous spots of honey-dew,
which had made their appearance during the night. On the 29th
it had increased ; on some of the leaves it occupied a third of the
surface. At two o’clock the temperature was 84°. On the 30th
the honey-dew was very abundant. The Lime-tree remained
covered with it till the commencement of persistent rains, which
took place at the beginning of September.

On two occasions, namely, July 22 and August 1, honayleg
was collected by washing the leaves. The solution, after treatment
with lead subacetate to precipitate albuminous and mucilaginous
matters, yielded a syrup in which crystals of sugar formed. On
examination it contained a sugar analogous to cane-sugar, and also
a reducing sugar. By fermentation with yeast the two sugars
disappeared completely. In the fermented liquid, however, a
substance remained possessed of very strong powers of right-handed
rotation. This proved to be dextrine, already announced by
Berthelot as existing in the mannas of Sinai and Kurdistan, and
subsequently by Buignet in a manna occurring in “tears” (manne.
en larmes).

I have endeavoured to find mannite, and with especial care,
because Langlois, an experienced observer, has found it in a

BOUSSINGAULT ON HONEY-DEW. 8

saccharine matter collected from the leaves of a Lime. Mannite is
so easy to detect that I have not the slightest doubt as to its
presence in the product studied by Langlois.

Optical observations have shown that the reducing sugar
detected in Lime-tree manna is not glucose (Grape sugar), of which
the rotatory power is 56° in the right-handed direction, but levulose
(inverted or fruit sugar), which has a left-handed rotatory power
of 26.°

Taking into consideration those substances only which rotate
the polarised ray, the composition of honey-dew will be :—

July 22. August 1.
Cane Sugar ... oe Boe ia es 48.86 5.44
Inverted Sugar... af i! a 28.59 24.75
Dextrine..... Se as bs fa 22.55 19.81

100.00 100.00

These analyses show that the composition of honey-dew collected
with several days’ interval has not remained the same. No doubt
one has no right to expect that the composition should remain
precisely identical; what, however, is remarkable is the analogy
which exists in composition between the honey-dew of the Lime
and the manna of Mount Sinai analysed by Berthelot. Its com-
position is, in fact, identical with that of the honey-dew collected
on August 1.

Cane sugar ... i. fe a ne ... 65
Inverted sugar ae b wae rh ae ae
Dextrine eas Si sik pe Af woe 20

100

It is a discovery not without interest to have found the manna
of Mount Sinai in the Vosges.

In attempting to compare by analysis the quantity of honey-dew
existing upon the leaves of the Lime which was affected with the
saccharine matter contained in the leaves in their normal state, we
arrived at the following result :—

In 1 Square Metre of Healthy Leaves :—

Cane Inverted : Weight in
Sugar. - Sugar. Dextrine. Gremtes.
3.57 .86 0.00 4.43

_In Honey-dew Collected from ditto :— >
13.92 7.23 5.62 26.77
Difference :-—
10.35 6.37 5.62 22.34

B2

4 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The amount of manna, therefore, which exudes from the affected
leaves is considerable, especially when one takes into consideration
the amount of dextrine, a substance which does not exist in the
healthy leaves at all.* From calculations made upon a tree of the
same age and size, the leaves of the affected Lime-tree would have
a surface of 240 square metres, or rather of 120 square metres
(equal to 145 square yards), since the manna only covers one side
of their surface. It would result from this, that on July 22, 1869,
the Lime bore 2 to 3 kilogrammes (equal to about 4 to 7 Ibs.) of
honey-dew, reckoned in a dry state.

In the normal conditions of vegetation the saccharine matters
elaborated by the leaves, under the influence of light and heat, are
distributed through the organism of the plant with the descending
sap. In the abnormal state, which determines the production of »
the honey-dew, the saccharine matters are accumulated at the upper
surface of the leaves, either because the movement of the sap is
interrupted, or because it is retarded by the viscosity resulting from
the formation of dextrine.

The production of honey-dew cannot be due merely to meteoro-
logical influences—to the effect of warm and dry summers. No
doubt the Lime of Liebfrauenberg secreted it during a summer
when there were periods of high temperature, accompanied by great
dryness ; we must not, however, lose sight of the fact that it was a
- single tree that was attacked by the malady, and that at a little
distance there were Limes which were perfectly healthy.

It has been supposed that aphides, after having drawn the
honey-dew from the parenchyma, discharge it again scarcely
altered; but it is contrary to the results of analysis to assign it a
composition similar to that of leaf-sap. It is, however, admitted
that certain insects possess the faculty of determining the production
of manna. Thus it is to the punctures of a coccus that Ehrenberg
and Heimprich attribute the formation of the manna which is still
found on the mountains of Sinai.

The manna falls to the ground from the air (that is to say, from
the summit of a tree and not from the sky). The Arabs call it man,
and they, as well as the Greek monks, collect it to eat upon bread
in the same way as honey. I have myself seen it fall, collected it,
and brought it to Berlin with the plant and the remains of the

* [The occurrence of dextrine in the living tissues of plants is at the most
hypothetical. Sachs, Phys, Vég. (Fr. ed.), 377.]

BOUSSINGAULT ON HONEY-DEW. 5

insect. This species of manna is produced by Zamarix mannifera,
Ehr. As with many other mannas it is the result of the punctures
of an insect, which in the present case is Coccus manniparus,
H. & Ehr. (Berthelot, Ann. de Chim. et de Phys., sér. 3, 1xvii., 83.)

The manna, consequently, collected in 1869 at Liebfrauenberg
had not the same origin as the Sinai manna, though it had the same
composition. At the time of its appearance upon the Lime no
insects were observable. It was later that a few aphides were seen
glued upon a certain number of the leaves.

I have already stated that after having washed the extremity of
a branch, glutinous points were seen gradually to rise; at first
scarcely perceptible, they increased each day, so as finally to cover
the whole of the upper surface of the leaf. This slow and pro-
gressive development of the honey-dew was clearly effected with-
out the intervention of aphides, which did not make their
appearance till subsequently, like the flies and bees, either to feed
upon the secretion or to pilfer it.

[In a subsequent numberof the Comptes Rendus'(Feb. 12) Harting
states that honey-dew is produced by Aphis tilie, which, living: on
the under surface of the leaves of the Lime, drops its excrement on
the upper surface of the leaves beneath. Analysed by Gunning
at Amsterdam, it proved to consist of cane-sugar. Boussingault
remarked, in reply, that the manna of Liebfrauenberg, like the
Sinaitic manna analysed by Berthelot, contained, in addition to cane-
sugar, fruit-sugar and dextrine. He added, also, that the leaves of
the Lime contain eonsiderable amounts of cane-sugar almost pure,
the origin of which could not be attributed to insects.

_A paper by Goéthe (Giwvres d@’ Hist. Nat., par Martins, pp. 321
—3828) contains a similar conclusion. He says (p. 324): ‘‘I have
seen Limes, of which the leaves seemed varnished, but where not a
single insect was visible. The juice is secreted by the plant itself.”
Mr. Hanbury informs me that he has noticed the exudation of a
saccharine matter from a Canella, and that after repeated cleansings
it still made its appearance. He has seen also the occurrence of
minute crystals of sugar upon the corolla of the Azalea. De
Candolle. mentions the same thing in Rhododendron ponticum
(Phys. Veg. i., 288). This is, however, different to the secretion
which takes place on leaves, because it is probably merely due to
the loss of water from the flower preparatory to fading.

De Candolle remarks that granular secretions are found on the
young shoots of the Larch, and are collected locally under the name
of manna of Briangon; they also occur on Salix alba, and upon

6 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

some other trees. ‘‘ We cannot affirm,” he says, “ either that-they
are a natural excretion, or that they are produced by insects”
(Z.c., p. 240). Dr. Masters states in the TZreasury of Botany
(p. 88) that a manna-like substance is produced from species of
Alhagi, and that it is an exudation from the leaves and branches of
the plant only appearing in hot weather. Saline secretions from
leaves have been more frequently observed. De Saussure states
that an accumulation of saline matters at their surface often occurs
in garden vegetables; transpiration being impeded, the leaves are
ultimately destroyed (Récherches, 264, 265). De Candolle found a
saline secretion from the leaves of a Reaumuria to consist of
carbonates of soda and potash* (Phys. Vég. i., 237).—W. T. D.]

[Note read May 1.]

My attention has been drawn by Dr. Masters to two papers in
the Bull.de la Soc. Bot.de Fr. for 1867, which advance a view of
the origin of honey-dew quite different to that held by Boussingault.
The method of investigation was exactly similar; the leaves were
washed, and the mode of accumulation of the honey-dew subse-
quently was described in almost the same words. It is attributed,
however, not to an exudation from the plants, but to the excretions
of parasitic insects which were to be found on the foliage above
that on which the honey-dew made its appearance, The insects, it
is stated, have the power of projecting their excretions a distance of
4—5 inches, and it is thought that the action of the wind would
convey them even further. Riviere appears to have been the first
to observe this curious habit, and to have been confirmed by other
entomologists. After the honey-dew had attained a thickened con-
sistence it became the seat of growth of various microscopic Fungi,
referred to the genus F'umago | but subsequently distributed amongst
Capnodium, Cladosporium, and Antennaria (see ‘‘ Journal of the Royal
Horticultural Society,” 1849, pp. 243—260) |, giving the plant a
blackened appearance. The invasion by a host of aphides of two
Lime-trees resulted in the blackening of a terrace which they over-
shadowed, and of the seats placed upon it. In the case observed
by Boussingault it is difficult to think that so careful an observer
would not have satisfied himself thoroughly of the absence of —

* Mr. Douglas, of Loxford Hall Gardens, Ilford, stated after the meeting
that he has some Orange-trees at the back of a Cucumber-house which are
frequently affected with honey-dew, though no green-fly ever gets near them,
and that he has long been perfectly satisfied that honey-dew is not the result
of insect agency.

DR. BOSWELL-SYME ON FERTILISATION OF GRASSES. 7

aphides from the Lime-tree he examined. Moreover, it was only
one tree which was attacked; had aphides been the cause of the
honey-dew, it is hardly likely that other trees at a little distance
would have been, as was the case, perfectly healthy. The conclu-
sion appears to be that while in some cases honey-dew is due to the
presence of aphides, in others it is an independent result of a
diseased condition of the affected plant. W. T. D.

II. On the Fertilisation of Grasses, By J. Boswett-Symez, LL.D.,
F.L.S. |

[Read April 17, 1872.]

Tarover the kindness of Professor Thiselton Dyer I have had an
opportunity of reading Dr. Spruce’s paper on the ‘‘ Fecundation of
Grasses” (Journ. R. Hort. Soc., n.s, ii1., pp. 4—9.) As I do not
find in it any record of observations bearing on the fertilisation of
Cereals, there is no necessity for me:to discuss the opinion expressed °
by Dr. Spruce on the subject of the cross-fertilisation of Wheat.
There are, however, two points in which his experience of South
American Grasses is at variance with what occurs among our British
species—first, the change of colour of the anthers from some
shade of purple to yellow and back again to purple; and second,
that ‘‘ the absence of odoriferous flowers from the Grasses seems to
show that insect aid is not needed for effecting their fecundation,
but does not render its accidental concurrence a whit less unlikely,”
which seems to imply that insects are not attracted by inodorous
flowers, and as a special application of this, that Grasses when in
flower are not regularly visited by insects. . First, in British
Grasses and those ordinarily cultivated there are a few which have
their anthers always purple (Corynephorus canescens and Molinia
caerulea for example); there are many in which they are pale yellow
or yellowish-white (¢.g., Spartina, Nardus, Lepturus, and all the
commonly-cultivated Cereals) ; there are many also in which some
individuals have purple, and others of the same species have
yellowish-white anthers (¢.g., Alopecurus pratensis, A. geniculatus,
Phleum pratense, Anthoxanthum, Dactylis). Butin this case we
never find the two colours of anthers on one root. My attention
was directed to this by the Rev. W. W. Newbould, who wished
-me to see if there were not other differences between the white and

8 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

purple-anthered forms of -Alopecurus pratensis, but I have been
unable to find any. I was induced to examine other Grasses in
which similar differences in the colour of the anthers occur, in
order to assure myself that the two forms of Alopecurus pratensis
could not be separated even as named varieties. In most cases
the anthers fall off without changing colour, but in a few species
(Alopecurus pratensis, A. geniculatus, A. agrestis, Dactylis glomerata)
they change from purple or pale yellow to fulvous brown; but
this change does not take place unless they are empty and dead.
I suppose it is much as we see in a beech hedge on which the
leaves remain in winter, but changed to brown. On the second
point, in Britain most of the plants whose flowers are most attrac-
tive to insects are either scentless or with a disagreeable odour ;
look for example at Salix, Centranthus ruber, Silene inflata, Lilium
Martagon, Echium vulgare; of these Lilium Martagon is the only
one with a powerful odour, but very few persons would call it an
agreeable one. In the special case of Grasses, I refer to one of the
best authorities for Lepidoptera, Dr. H.G. Knaggs. He says, under
‘* Flowers as Alluring Baits for Moths” (‘‘ Lepidopterist’s Guide,”
ed. i1., p. 92): ‘Grasses (especially Glyceria fluitans).—S(tilbe)
anomala, A(grotis) tritici, cursoria, and valligera, L(eucania) impura
and conigera, Noctua) umbrosa and glareosa, T(riphena) fimbria,
A(pamea) gemina, C(elena) Haworthit, M(iana) arcuosa, and many
others.” In my own experience I have found it useless to sugar
for moths when Glyceria fluitans was in flower in the vicinity ;
on looking at it I have seen the spikelets invaded by hosts of
Leucania obsoleta, pallens, impura, conigera, Miana fasciuncula,

Noctua umbrosa, Agrotis exclamationis, Triphena pronuba, &e. On

Deal sandhills I have noticed a similar phenomenon, when the
attraction was the flowers of Psamma arenaria; and at Balmuto
Dactylis glomerata is attractive to moths, though less so than the
two other Grasses named. Every coleopterist knows that a field
of Grass in flower is one of the best grounds for ‘‘ sweeping,’’
and expects to find in his net a host of individuals belonging to
genera not included in Diptera. -

[Extract from a letter read March 5, 1873.]

I made out pretty well about the intra-palear fertilisation of Wheat
this year, and have been meaning to send you the results. The

anthers are empty except a few accidentally adherent grains when ~

*

PROF. THISELTON DYER ON SCIENTIFIC HORTICULTURE. 9

they are excluded.* This was proved, first, by extensive exami-
nation in the Wheat-fields, and by bringing a large supply of Wheat-
heads about to flower into the house and putting them in water,
with a paper under the glass so as to see if any pollen fell down ;
secondly, by the examination of the stigmas of flowers with their
anthers still included; thirdly, by the fact that the stigmas are
never protruded at all.

As to other Grasses, Dactylis glomerata has pollen in the anthers
at the time they appear. This is readily seen by striking the culms
with a stick, when a cloud of pollen flies out. Anthoxanthum
odoratum is protogynous, but some of the anthers are protruded
before ali the stigmas of the panicle are. -Alopecurus pratensis is
protogynous; all the stigmas in a panicle are protruded about
twenty-four hours before any of the anthers are. This was tested
by placing bits of paper on the growing plants as soon as the
stigmas appeared.

III. On Recent Progress in the Scientific Aspects of Horticulture.
By W. T. Tuisrtron Dyrr, B.A., B.Sc., Professor of Botany
to the Royal Horticultural Society. .

[Introductory Address at the Birmingham Congress, June 26, 1872. ]

Ir has fallen upon me, rather as a matter of official obligation than
from any special qualifications, to open the proceedings of this Con-
gress with some remarks upon the more theoretical matters connected
with horticulture which possess anything of novelty. First of all,
however, it may be well to consider in what direction the utility of
such a meeting as we are now holding appears principally to lie.
If I may express my own conviction, it is in the advantage of
having an opportunity of discussing in an informal way matters
connected with horticulture which from time to time come into
prominence. I do not think it necessary that the subjects brought
forward should be particularly novel or particularly recondite, but

only that they should be such as happen to occupy our minds. —
Nor do I think that the value of the Congress is to be estimated by
the success or dulness of any particular meeting ; on the contrary,

* Confirming the observations of Dr. Boswell-Syme, ‘‘ Journ. of Botany,”
1871, p. 373, and Bidard, ‘‘ Comptes Rendus,” 1869, p. 1486.

10 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

what we should keep in view is, the usefulness of having an annually
recurring occasion for the discussion of matters which during the
preceding year have fixed our attention.

Many persons, it may be said, who pursue horticulture as a
means of livelihood care little for any addition to their knowledge
which does not imply also an addition to their gain. They are not
to be blamed; nor are we likely, ina meeting like the present, to
neglect the interests of practical men. But there are others who
desire to know, merely for the sake of knowledge, more than those
who have gone before them have known about the facts of plant
life. Ido not think that men of practice will object to our discuss-
ing amongst other subjects some which seem to possess no immediate
practical bearing. It was thought, however, this year, that there
might be several advantages in roughly classifying our business.
Nevertheless, it must be remembered that both science and practice
merge under the general head of knowledge. A man who finds out
a better method of growing some plant adds to what we know, just
as another adds to it who makes out some obscure point in vegetable
structure. The real difference between science and practice con-
sists in this, that science takes the whole field of Nature for its
territory, while practice contents itself with a particular portion
of it.

I am convinced, however, that practical men, if they were so
disposed, could with little trouble contribute very usefully to purely
scientific knowledge. The harvest of factsis ready ; it only needs
those who will gather it systematically. To record carefully facts —
of importance is to confer a benefit upon science which it is im-
possible to estimate too highly. Itis not necessary to devise at once
an explanation, or to hesitate too much if the matter does not square
with preconceived ideas ; it is only necessary to be sure, as far as
we can be so, that we have observed correctly. Turn over the
volumes of Mr. Darwin’s ‘‘ Animals and Plants under Domestication.”’
Every page is noted with references to ephemeral and apparently
trivial sources of information, of which it was reserved for this
sagacious writer to appreciate the value. Noone need despair of a
carefully-recorded fact failing to find its place and use.

How important it would be to thoroughly comprehend the
principles of variation! Yet of the numerous persons who raise
new varieties of plants, how few there are who record anything of
their experiences! Some, no doubt, have acquired a kind of intui-
tive tact in working with plants. Still, anything like systematised
knowledge in the matter is still to a great extent a want to be sup-

PROF. THISELTON DYER ON SCIENTIFIC HORTICULTURE. 11

plied. Mr. Darwin has grouped together in a most admirable way
the facts, in many cases very scanty, which he had been able to
collect before writing his book. On many of these subjects it would
be very desirable to obtain the fruits of more ample experience. I
am glad, therefore, to say that Dr. Denny is about to read us a
paper on the relative influence of parentage in cross-fertilising
plants, and I think I may point to his work as a proof of the fact
that some attention to its theoretical bearing is no obstacle to its
practical success. An accumulation of evidence on this subject is
very desirable. A more extended study of bud-variation is also a
matter which I would commend to your notice. Mr. Darwin
arrived at the conclusion that bud-variations, when they occurred at
all, usually assumed at once a decided and permanent character. At
the same time he thought that this might possibly be a delusion
from slight varieties being overlooked. The attention whichis now
paid to variegated Pelargoniums seems to offer an opportunity of
seeing whether this conclusion is really true. Again, from time to
time various curious facts have been recorded with respect to the
direct influence of the pollen, not on the seed alone, but also on the
female parent. Mr. Anderson-Henry has stated that the flowers of
a pale Calceolaria became stained after the application to the
flowers of the pollen of acoloured kind. Maximowicz has described
a change in the shape of the capsule of a Lily in the direction
of that belonging to the pollen-parent. Again, the fruit of
different cultivated Cucurbitacee has by more than one observer
been stated to be affected if the pollen of some other kind has got
access to the flowers. None of these cases are completely free from
ambiguity, and the whole matter might easily be tested by those
who occupy themselves much with artificial fertilisation. The
instances would certainly be rare, but if they could be established
free from all reasonable doubt it would be a matter of very great
interest. The difficulty lies in the possibility of the supposed in-
fluence of the pollen being really due to a bud-variation. If, how-
ever, the same kind of variation were to follow more than once in
the same plant the application of foreign pollen, it would be almost
certain that this was the cause. 4 prior? we know that it is not im-
probable, since analogous cases occur amongst animals.*

* Maximowicz’s paper is translated in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. n.s. iii.
pp. 161—168; Mr. Anderson-Henry’s case of the Calceolaria will be found
in n.s. vol. ii, p. 77; for Cucurditacee see Darwin, ‘‘ Animals and Plants
under Domestication ” i., p. 399.

42 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The nomenclature of plants is a subject upon which it is
becoming more and more necessary to have some common under-
standing between botanists and horticulturists. At the last meeting
of the Floral Committee a plant was submitted to it with the name
of Lilium bulbiferum Thunbergianum aureum nigro-maculatum. As
Lilies are now favourite objects of culture, this name is quite
likely to receive further distinctive additions. Now it seems to me
that for trade purposes such a name must be almost a deterrent to
purchasers. People grumble often at a plant having two Latin
names ; they will grumble still more at its possessing half-a-dozen.
The remedy, I think, lies in adopting De Candolle’s suggestion—
that we should restrict Latin names to species and varieties occurring
spontaneously in Nature, and should give to forms which make their
appearance in gardens names ina modern language. This expedient
would tell us in a moment whether any particular plant was or was
not of garden origin, and from the language the name would also
inform us whether it was raised by English, French, or German
horticulturists.. Still, certain modifications of botanical nomen-
clature must, I think, be tolerated in horticulture. In the first
place, reliance has often to be placed upon distinctions which, in
a botanist’s eyes, seem of little importance. It cannot be objected
very much, therefore, if very well-marked varieties or sub-species
are treated as if they were species for purposesof garden nomenclature.
If there is some tangible character by which they can be dis-
tinguished from their allies, itis easy to ascertain by reference to
books the rank that botanists give them. It is often necessary, as
more is known about the plants which grow upon the earth’s surface,
to change generic and specific names. There is usually a good
reason to be assigned for doing this, but it is undoubtedly a grave
source of inconvenience. Botanists will not, therefore, blame
horticulturists if they keep to many of the old names, of which it
is generally easy to determine the most recently recognised equiva-
lent. Odontoglossum crispum is the original and lawful name of O.
Alexandra, but it is not now very likely to supplant the name most in
use. When plants have been placed, however, from the first in genera
which are obviously wrong, I think an effort should be made to
give them their proper position. Having made the concessions
above mentioned, I feel that it is an absolute duty to protest against
plants avowedly of garden origin having, under any circumstances,
names given to them which are of the same form as those which
are given to species spontaneously occurring in Nature. The case —
of hybrids is an exception, but it would be better if the name

PROF. THISELTON DYER ON SCIENTIFIC HORTICULTURE. 13

given to these always indicated both the hybrid origin and the
parentage.

There is one branch of science intimately connected with
horticulture in which we are far from reaping at present the
practical benefit of knowledge. This is meteorology. It is too
much, I am afraid, to hope that we shall ever possess the slightest
control over the asperities of weather, but it is scarcely too much
to look forward to improved methods of foretelling what is in store
for us, as well as improved methods of obviating its effects. The
study of careful records of daily observations will, no doubt,
eventually reveal not only some of the causes that influence
weather itself, but will also throw light upon changes in public
health, with which it cannot be doubted that weather is closely
boundup. Such records the Royal Horticultural Society kept at its
Chiswick Garden for forty-four years, and the results of the observa-
tions have been lately printed by Mr Glaisher at the Society’s
expense. The practical information which can be deduced from
this volume is not, perhaps, considerable; it is, however, a contri-
bution to the accumulated stock of records which will one day find
their utilisation.

The mean temperatures at Chiswick, as deduced from the whole
observations of forty-four years, starts from its lowest point of 35:8
deg. on Jan. 6, and rises more or less gradually to its highest, 64:4
deg., on July 17. If climate would only pursue this even course
with some approach to constancy, vegetation would follow it with a
clockwork regularity. We know, however, to our cost, that it
does not do so, and very considerable deviations take place to one
side or the other of the mean temperature. Both are injurious.
A premature development of vegetation lays it open to subsequent
injury, and comes to much the same thing, as regards its effects, as
a late frost.

What the horticulturist really has to fight, then, are the effects of
cold. The precise mode in which plants are affected by it is
hardly completely known. In many cases, no doubt, the vital
properties of the protoplasm contained within the cells receive an
injury from the direct effect of low temperature from which there
is no recovery. In other instances death is not the inevitable result
even from freezing ; but, as is well known, if thawing be gradually
effected, no great harm will be suffered. Some curious experi-
ments published by Becquerel appear to show that cold below the
freezing-point, like the temperature of boiling water or the electric
discharge, produces an alteration in the cell walls, which renders

14 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

them more pervious to fluids, and therefore no longer capable of
retaining their cell contents.

It appears to me that the pyramid fruit-trees and espaliers,
which are now so much grown, are peculiarly exposed to the effects
of frost, as they are pruned so that each branch overhangs, and
consequently protects any below it to the least possible extent.
It ought, nevertheless, to be possible to devise some cheap and
effective way of protecting temporarily trees of this small size from
frost. In view of any expedients of this kind, any means of
anticipating their need would be of the greatest value. It may be
well, therefore, to mention that in spring a dry state of the air,
indicated by any very considerable difference in the readings of the
dry and wet bulb thermometers, is likely to be followed by frost.
The reason is simple: the night frosts, which injure vegetation,
arise in the main from the loss of heat from the earth’s surface by
radiation. If there is much moisture present in the air this loss
of heat is impeded. The luminous heat radiated from the sun
passes through atmospheric moisture with little impediment, but
the obscure or non-luminous form in which the earth radiates it
back again is caught by it, as it were, ina trap. On May 17, at
Blackheath, near London, the air was nearly saturated with
moisture, the degree of humidity being represented by 94 deg.,
and the lowest temperature of the air by 44deg. Both tempera-
ture and humidity fell, part passu, till May 20, when the first
stood at 82°6 deg., and the other at 69 deg. It would be of the
more importance to have warnings of the probable occurrence of
low temperature, because Mr. Glaisher has shown from the
Chiswick observations that periods of deficiency of temperature
below the mean are often prolonged to as much as a fortnight.
In the forty-four years there were eighty such. I feel strong hopes
that the telegraphic communications about the weather, which the
Meteorological Office now collects from stations in the British Isles
and Western Europe, will eventually lead to warnings of probable
falls of temperature being obtained.

The apparently paradoxical fact that the temperature often
falls lower, and plants correspondingly suffer more from frost, in
low grounds than in those which are adjacent and higher, has
often been observed, and it is important to remember it as a
practical point in planting and laying-out grounds.* The ex-

—_—_

* See Dines ‘On the Temperature of Hill and Valley,” in the Journ.

PROF. THISELTON DYER ON SCIENTIFIC HORTICULTURE. 15

planation may be partly due to the downward gravitation of air
cooled at the surface of the higher ground, and its consequent
collection in low-lying places and hollows.*

In every department of scientific work it from time to time
happens that announcements are made which take completely by
surprise those who know what has really been made out by legiti-
mate investigation in the subjects upon which they bear. Never-
theless, the outside world always takes them up with more or less_
of uncritical faith. A paper published during last year by
General Pleasonton, ‘‘On the Influence of the Blue Colour of the
Sky in Developing Animal and Vegetable Life,’ appears to me to
have received a great deal more attention than its utter absence
of any genuine scientific character deserves. Subsequently pre-
sented to the French Academy, it has been the subject of an
article by Duchartre in the Bull. de la Soc. Cent. d’Hort. de
France. This writer points out some of the mistaken scien-
tific views held by General Pleasonton, but though apparently

Meteor. Soc. 1872, pp. 100—102. The places compared were Denbies, near
Dorking, 610 feet, and Cobham, six miles distant, 65 feet above the sea-level.
The maximum temperature of the hill is below that of the valley, the differ-
ence averaging from 3 to 3}.deg. But in times of extreme cold the tempera-
ture on the hilltop never descends so low as in the valley. Out of forty-three
occasions when the temperature has been below 24 deg. at both places, the
average on these occasions upon the hill has been 23°3 deg. against 18-9 deg.
at the valley. The temperature has been six times below 10 deg. at the
lower station, giving an average of 6 deg., while on the hilltop upon the
same height it averaged 15 deg. On the morning of December 31, 1870, the
minimum at Cobham was 1:2 deg., at Denbies 14 deg, The popular opinion
assigned for this difference is that the air of the hill is drier than that of the
valley ; the observations give no foundation whatever for such an opinion.
Professor Ragona-scina (Proc. Meteor. Soc. ili.), and Mr. Glaisher (Proc.
Meteor. Soc. v.), have arrived at the conclusion that through the day the
higher strata of air are the colder, that towards evening they approach nearly
to equality, but that at night the higher strata of air are the warmer.

* The stratum of air in contact with ground covered with vegetation
cools under nocturnal radiation sometimes 8, 10, or 12 deg. Fah. below that
of the air a few yards above. Thus Humboldt and Bonpland found dew on
the surface of the ground when the temperature of the air at some little
distance above it was 70 to 80deg. The air cooled in this way would
gravitate into hollows and low-lying places. This seems to explain the fact
observed by Martins that figs, olives, laurels, etc., perished in low parts of
the Botanic Garden at Montpellier, while they escaped a few yards higher in
equal conditions of shade (Becquerel “ Sur les Foréts et leur Influence climac- _
térique,’’ Mém, de l'Institut 35, pp. 456—459).

16 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

inclined to reject the whole narrative as a hoax, thinks that it is
vouched for by testimony too respectable not to require some
explanation.

For my own part, having carefully read the original paper, I
do not believe, for reasons I have elsewhere stated,* that blue or
violet light had anything to do with the extraordinary growth of
the Vines, supposing that really to have taken place as described.
I am slow, indeed, to comprehend Low such a physical condition
as exposure to blue light can be equally beneficial to the growth
of Vines, the rearing of poultry, and the invigoration of the
constitution of invalids. The erroneousness of the facts argued
from, the absence of all knowledge of modern publications in
vegetable physiology, and the wildly crotchety theories, such as
electricity having produced the giant trees of California, disincline
me, I must confess, to attach any serious weight to either General
Pleasonton’s views or his results.

I must not occupy your time with longer remarks. I will only,
in conclusion, call your attention to the useful summary of the
history of the Phylloxera vastatriz, given by the President of the
_ Linnean Society in his annual address, and printed in ‘‘ Nature”
for June 13 last, and also to the completion by Decaisne, with
the 10th volume of the ‘‘ Jardin Fruitier du Museum,” of the
history of cultivated Pears.

IV. The Relative Influence of Parentage in Flowering Plants.
By J. Denny, M.D.

[Read at the Birmingham Congress, June 26, 1872.]

One of the chief objects of my paper is to promote the study of a
subject full of scientific interest, and of the greatest importance to
the practical horticulturist, but which, for the want of accumula-
tion of data derived from accurate experiments, at the present is
involyed in much obscurity. ;

If we could, by the observation of results acquired through the
medium of a series of carefully-performed experiments in artificial
fertilisation, obtain any reliable evidence indicative of the relative
influence the male (or pollen) and the female (or seed) parents bear

* Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 396.

DR. DENNY ON RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAGE. LL?

in the production of their progeny, it would assist us immensely in
carrying out our designs for the improvement in the form and
- colour of our flowers, and the quality of our fruits and vegetables.
If, for instance, we knew that either parent was prepotent in con-
veying to the offspring certain qualities, say, of flavour and aroma,
or of size and form, as regards our fruits, or of colour, perfume,
form, or substance in our flowers, we should be able to form some
approximate idea of the result that would follow our fertilisations.
A knowledge too of the ancestry of the varieties we purpose em-
ploying would also be desirable, to enable us to make allowances
for the modifications likely to ensue from the tendency to reversion
towards an ancestral type—a propensity which seems to be inherent
in all plants that have been much changed from their original state
by artificial breeding.

It would also be a matter of scientific interest, as well as
perhaps of practical importance, to know if the proportionate in-
fluence borne by the respective parents in crossing varieties is the
same as in crossing species ?

As the admission of fecundation is no test of the plants
employed belonging to the same species, have we any well-defined
line of demarcation or practical test by which we can distinguish
between species and varieties, so that we may know when to employ
correctly the term hybridisation, and when cross-breeding ?

Does there exist any real difference in the powers or quality
of the pollen of the long and short stamens from which we may
expect to derive any specific effect on the progeny by the exclusive
employment of the one or the other, or to succeed more readily in
effecting difficult crosses ?

Do certain states of the atmosphere, and if so what apparent
conditions of it, favour fecundation ?

Can any clue ve obtained, or suggestions offered, to account for
the antipathies that are found to exist between apparent varieties,
as well as affinities between what are considered by botanists to be
distinct species, precluding fertilisation in the former and rendering
it easy in the latter ?

These are a few of the most important points that are constantly
occurring to the practical horticulturist. To how many of them
does our knowledge admit of a satisfactory reply being given ?

From early youth I have taken much interest in artificial fer-
tilisation, but have kept noregister of my crosses or their results,
until the controversy arose respecting the tricoloured Pelargoniums,
as to whether their leaf-markings could be reproduced by fertilisation

VOL. Iv. Cc

18 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

and seed, or whether they were sports only, and owing to a
diseased condition of the plant.

To ascertain for my own satisfaction the truth upon these points,
as well as with the object of obtaining, if possible, some informa-
tion regarding the relative powers the respective parents exert over
their progeny, I commenced a series of experiments upon the
scarlet section of the Pelargonium, employing varieties of the most
opposite and varied character, and crossing them in every conceivable
way.

I conducted these experiments, too, with the utmost possible care
and minuteness of detail, both as regards the methods I adopted for
preventing self or insect fertilisation, to ensure the fertilisation
being effected by the desired pollen only; and as regards the keep- —
ing an exact register of every cross, as well as a record of their
results.

By this means I soon arrived at a satisfactory conclusion as
regards the points at issue respecting the transmission of variegation
of the foliage by fertilisation, from the fact of its being manifested
to a greater or less degree, in as large a proportion as from 50 to 60
per cent. of the offspring, where the green zonal had been fertilised
by the pollen of the variegated. I also obtained some valuable in-
formation indicative of the powers the respective parents exert upon
various other points in connection with the transmission and modifi-
cation of the foliage and habit of the plant, as well as of the
colour and form of the flower.

From the information thus derived, I am of opinion that by
careful and persistent fertilisation, under the guidance of the ob-
servation of results, it is possible produce almost any modifica-
tion in the character and habit of our plants, or variety of colour
and form in our flowers, we might desire. For I am satisfied that
by these means we possess a much greater power of moulding our
tlowers in accordance with preconceived design than is generally
supposed ; and, moreover, I think it possible that ultimately some
insight may be obtained into the working of the laws that govern
procreation in the vegetable kingdom, and that produce variation
in our fruits and flowers.

The result of my experience derived from these experiments,
as regards the relative influence of the parents, certainly tends in
the reverse direction to my previous ideas, which were derived from
books, from which I gleaned that the form of the flower and con-
stitution and habit of the plant were inherited from its mother,
whilst the colour of the flower only was supposed to be conveyed

ad

DR. DENNY ON RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAGE. 1?

by the father. The recorded results of my crossings indicate an
immense preponderance of influence over the progeny on the part
of the father in all respects—in colour and in form, in the quality,
in size and substance of the flower, as well as in the production
of variegation of the foliage, and in the habit and constitution of
the plant also, provided the plants employed are of equal strength.

I wish to be distinct upon this point of relative strength of the
parents, beeause it seems to me that upon the equality or the
preponderance of strength on either side very much hinges as
regards the results we obtain from our crossings, for power of con-
stitution exerts most unmistakable influence, and where it prepon-
derates on the part of the seed-parent it will modify the otherwise
prepotent influence of the pollen-parent. This modifying influence
manifests itself most as regards the habit and foliage of the plant,
and next as regards the form and substance of the flower, and
lastly as regards the production of a blend in the colour of the
flower.

To illustrate what I mean, if the pollen of a flower of Pelar-
gonium, of brilliant and decided colour, but of bad form and
substance, belonging to a plant of weakly constitution, be applied
to the stigma of a finely-formed, thick-petalled flower of a plant
possessing a vigorous constitution, some few of their progeny
will be improved in the form and substance of the flowers and
habit of plant, with, perhaps, some blend in the colour, showing
that the preponderance of vigour in the seed-parent had exerted a
certain amount of influence; but even under these circumstances
much the greater proportion of the progeny would either resemble
the father in all respects, or show reversion towards former proge-
nitors or an original type. |

I will quote a case or two in point from my note-book. During the
summer of 1869 I raised about 140 seedlings from crossings between
Lord Derby and Leonidas. In about half of these Lord “Derby
was the pollen and Leonidas the seed parent, and half resulted
from crosses effected the reverse way. The flower of Lord Derby
possessed the fine qualities, both as regards form of petal and
smoothness of texture, but was wanting in depth and brilliancy of
colour, and also in substance ; and the plant was deficient in vigour
of constitution as compared with Leonidas. The flower of Leonidas
was much inferior as regards form and quality, but of greater sub-
stance and brilliancy of colour, as well as larger than that of Lord
Derby, and the plant possessed a vigorous constitution.

These seedlings flowered during the spring and summer of

c 2

20 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

1870. Of that portion in which Lord Derby was used as pollen-
parent and Leonidas as seed-parent, about one-third resembled in
all respects their father ; a few produced flowers very considerably
in advance of Lord Derby in size, in substance, and in colour of
the flower, and with a superior constitution and habit of plant,
showing the influence of the mother in combination with the
father’s. (I would instance Sir Charles Napier, which resulted
from this cross, asan example.) Of the remaining two-thirds, a few
very nearly resembled Leonidas in flower, except being paler in
colour, and having a somewhat increased breadth of petal, resulting
from the father’s influence (for instance, Iago); but a large propor-
tion were inferior, showing reversion towards an ancestral type.

Of that portion in which Leonidas was used as pollen and
Lord Derby as seed parent, nearly -half resembled in all respects
Leonidas, and the rest were much inferior; not one showed that
any appreciable amount of influence had been exerted by the
mother towards improvement. It will be observed that in this
cross the pollen-parent possessed both the inferior flower and the
most powerful constitution also. As regards the habit of these
seedlings, they were all more robust than those of the mother.

The same season I raised about sixty seedlings from a cross
between Celestial and Lord Derby. Celestial, which was used as
pollen-parent, possessed a brilliant magenta-coloured flower, but
of very bad form and substance, with a weakly constitution.
From this batch of seedlings a few produced flowers of a colour
very similar to the father’s (but somewhat less brilliant), and with
a great improvement as regards the form, quality, size, and sub-
stance of the flower, accompanied, too, with a fair habit and consti-
tution of plant, showing a marked influence. on the part of the
mother, which in this cross was decidedly the stronger of the two
parents. Ianthe resulted from this cross. The remainder of this
batch were mostly of very bad form and quality of flower, and
weakly constitution ; but there were some very brilliant and novel
colours. Interesting examples of colour blending, amongst them
were carmine, rose-crimson, pinks, and vivid scarlets—some in all
respects resembled Celestial.

My large seedling nosegay Wellington was the result of a cross
between Le Grand (nosegay) and Leonidas, Le Grand being used as
pollen-parent. Here the plants were about equally vigorous.
Wellington resembles in the character of its flower its father, but
with an increased breadth of petal derived from its mother; the
colour of the flower is nearly that of the father’s also, but it is some-

DP, DENNY ON RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAGE. yy |

what a blend, the purple hue of Le Grand and the deep scarlet of
Leonidas havingy produced a very dark crimson scarlet, almost
maroon. The foliage, too, of Wellington is most distinctly of the
nosegay type; its habit still more vigorous than either parent.

In breeding for variegates, and using the variegates (which, as
-a rule, are wanting in vigour) as pollen-parents, and the robust
green zonals as seed-parents, about half the number of their
progeny showed variegation, and possessed weakly constitutions,
the remainder being green zonals; upon the order of procedure
being reversed, by which the pollen-parent became the parent of
the greater vigour, the mother’s influence was almost nz.

I believe that it is owing to the existence of a difference in the
vigour of the respective parents that the production of novelties
and varieties in our flowers (and probably in our fruits too) mainly
depends, and that were it not for a preponderance of power on the
mother’s side, the progeny would almost invariably resemble the
father ; and hence the immutability of our flowers and vegetables,
which are annually reproduced from seed, the result of self-
fertilisation.

But I consider another source of variation exists in the
tendency in all flowers (and fruits) that have been artificially bred
up toa state far in advance of their original condition, to revert
towards former progenitors (especially under the influence of self-
fertilisation), by which means new combinations of ancestral pro-
perties are formed, and therefore new varieties. Even under
artificial fertilisation I find in the Pelargonium this tendency to
reversion to exert very considerable modifying influences. I have
especially observed it as regards the colour of the flower ; for
instance, the magenta shades that have been produced upon the
scarlet Pelargonium have resulted from the crossing of pinks upon
scarlets; and very many of my seedlings—the offspring resulting
from the crossing of two magenta-coloured flowers—have pro-
duced pink ones as well as scarlets, showing reversion to both
the colours of their immediate ancestors. It is a point worthy of
observation whether the colour of a flower. or a change in the
character of a plant that has recently been obtained are conveyed
to their offspring in the same proportion as to numbers and with
the same certainty as those of long standing. I think not.

A remarkable instance of reversion as regards foliage occurred
in two out of a number of seedlings raised this spring from Violet
Hill Nosegay as seed-parent, crossed by Ianthe, with the object of
obtaining variety in the flower. Two of this batch of seedlings

22 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

have come variegates. Now Violet Hill was bred for variegation,
and was planted out at Messrs. Henderson’s establishment at St.
John’s Wood in the spring of 1864, with a view to its breaking
into variegation, which it did not do; but it was selected, and subse-
quently sent out, for its flower, and on account of its dwarf habit
of growth. :

My notes would furnish innumerable examples in support of the
theories I have founded’ upon them, did time admit of my going
further into detail. I would observe that I have purposely quoted
the results of crossings which produced varieties that have been sent
out by Mr. W. Paul, that they might, if desired, be referred to, and
compared with their parents.

A close analogy seems to me to exist between the vegetable and
the animal kingdoms as regards the ill effects produced by breeding
in-and-in, and the good resulting from crossing opposites, for I find
it to be necessary for the maintenance of improvement in the
flower, and the constitution of my seedlings, to introduce fresh
varieties to breed from annually; and I find that crossing two
flowers of the finest qualities does not produce such satisfactory
results as where one of much inferior quality is employed. Of
course it will be inferred from my previous observations that I use
the superior quality flower as pollen-parent. I am of opinion that
the decadence in many of our old florists’ flowers is owing to their
having been bred in-and-in, and from the repeated crossing of
flowers of a precisely similar strain and qualities, with the object
(and probably supposed only means) of reproducing flowers possess-
ing certain peculiarities in markings or form, in accordance with
the rigid rules prescribed for these flowers.

As regards the condition of the atmosphere that favours the
effecting of difficult crosses, it would be no easy matter to note with
any degree of certainty the precise period of each successful
attempt, nor the precise condition of the atmosphere at the time. We
read of special crosses having been effected under certain conditions
of it, but I have never seen it specified what these conditions were
My experience indicates that bright clear weather and the hours
of sunshine are conducive to fecundation.

I have alluded to the antipathies and affinities we find to exist,
without any explicable cause ; for instance, I have found it impos-
sible to fertilise three or four varieties of the scarlet Pelargonium
(viz., the Duke of Cornwall, Dr. Muret, Beauté de Suresnes, and
all that section of the doubles which sprang from Beauté de
Suresnes), which to all appearance are mere varieties of the zonal

DR DENNY ON RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAGE. 23

section, save with one another; and, showing the existence of
affinity between what are supposed to be distinct species, I have
fertilised without much difficulty a variety (peltatum elegans) of the
Ivy-leaved section by the pollen of the zonal.

I have also alluded to the possible difference in the respective
influence of the parents in true hybridisation. Upon this point I
have not sufficient evidence to form a fair opinion; but certainly in
the seedlings I have raised between the Ivy-leaved and the zonal
sections, their foliage (with the exception of some distinctive
evidence of their being hybrids) resembles almost entirely that of
their mother, which it will be observed is the reverse of my expe-
rience of the results produced between varieties.

Much has been written and said upon the difference in the
quality and powers of the pollen of the short stamens, and if the
supposed difference really does exist, it is a matter of considerable
practical importance, and one worthy of further scientific investiga-
tion; but my experiments have hitherto failed to satisfy me of
their possessing any difference. - In an admirable article upon
hybridisation, written by Isaac Anderson-Henry, Esq. (and which
at different periods has appeared in nearly all the horticultural
journals), he says ‘‘that, owing to the granules of the short
stamens being smaller than those of the long ones, they can the
-more easily descend the tubules leading from the stigma to the
ovaries, and consequently facilitate the OPE of a large-flowered
variety, or species, upon a smaller one.’ I have not been able to
detect this difference in size, although I have many times placed
the granules of the long al short stamens side by side under a
powerful microscope; nor, I believe, is it the opinion of physio-
logists of the present day that they do descend these tubules at all
—in fact, it has been shown that they send down filaments through
them to the ovules.

The arrangement of the anthers upon filaments of different
lengths looks to me like a provision to ensure all parts of the body
and legs of the insect coming into contact with the pollen as it
passes down the flower to obtain the nectar, thereby rendering the
fertilisation of the next flower it visits the more certain.

The visible effects of impregnation are frequently manifested
with a rapidity almost equalling that of an electrical phenomenon.
I have observed the petals of the Pelargonium, which, before im-
pregnation, were quite firm, to fall within a few seconds of the
application of the pollen to the stigma—a result due, I conclude,
either to the immediate diversion of nourishment from the then

24 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

superfluous part of the flower to the organs of generation, or to
the existence in the vegetable kingdom of a power analogous to
the nervous in the animal, but of which we are as yet in total
ignorance.

Lastly, 1 would remark that, to enable reliable conclusions to
be drawn upon any of these points, we require an accumulation
of data derived from the careful observation of very many un-
biassed workers, whose results have been obtained from experi-
ments conducted with scientific precision upon all our flowers and
fruits.

Such an accumulation of recorded facts (if they could be
obtained) would prove a source of the greatest interest to the
philosopher, by their tendency to throw some light upon the
working of Nature’s laws, and could not but afford most valuable
information for the guidance of the practical horticulturist; and
moreover by freeing horticulture from all empiricism, place it in its
true and legitimate position among the modern sciences.

[ With regard to the influence of the size of pollen grains upon
hybrid-formation, the following seems to be a case in point. It is
quoted from the Report of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
for 1872, p. 184:—‘‘ Mr. Wylie found that generally the pollen
grains of grapes were of oblong form, while those of the Scupper-
nong, the great wild grape of the South, were smaller and more
spherical. He found that he could not fertilise the Scuppernong
with pollen from other species, but he did succeed in impreg-
nating the foreign grapes with pollen from the Scuppernong.
‘His inference was that the pollen-grains being smaller in the
Scuppernong than in other varieties, the canal through which they
have to pass to reach the ovule in that species is also smaller, and
thus he explained the results of his experiments. The smaller
grains could pass through the large tube, but the larger grains
could not pass through the small tube.” There is the same mis- —
apprehension as to the part played by the pollen-grains as is alluded
to above, but this does not affect the fact stated.—Eps. |

MR. GLAISHER ON TEMPERATURE OF ROOTS OF PLANTS. 29

V. On a Thermometer for Taking Temperature at the Roots of
Plants. By James Guaisuer, F.R.S.

[Read June 26, 1872.]

Tue temperature of the soil at different depths must more or.
less occupy the attention of gardeners and agriculturists, and more
particularly in relation to the temperature to which the roots of
plants are exposed. We possess but little information, even in
experimental horticulture, as to the temperature of roots, nor of
the luxuriance of some plants compared to others, which probably
maybe partly attributed to the different temperatures of their
respective roots.

We know that improved culture improves plants; we know
that temperature exercises a great influence, and it is probable that
the temperature which reaches the roots is that which exercises
the greatest influence. Considering, therefore, that the ascertain-
ment of the temperature to which roots are subjected, in connec-
tion with their more or less luxuriance of foliage, of fruits, or of
flowers, opens up an unexplored field of information necessary to
the complete success of the labours of the gardener an@*horticul-
turist, I have for some time considered how best this information
could be obtained, and have designed a thermometer with a toler-
ably sensitive bulb, which may be placed either at 1 inch, 2
inches, or 8 inches below the surface of the soil—a depth known
definitely by a circular plate fixed upon the stem of the thermo-
meter by bayonet joints, resting on the surface of the soil at 1 inch,
2 inches, or 3 inches from the centre of the bulb of the thermo-
meter. JI have considered it desirable that the whole instru-
ment should be encased, both for its safety in carriage from
place to place, and when in use that neither stones nor cats should
injure it.

One of these is exhibited (fig. a), prepared for observation at
these depths. The price of this instrument is 12s. 6d., to be fur-
nished by Mr. Ackland, of Horne and Thornewaite’s, 128, Newgate
Street, under the condition that it has been previously examined
and certified by myself as to its accuracy, and that no error so
much as three-tenths of a degree shall be present at any part of
the scale.

An instrument of this form for a depth of 6 inches would be
17s. 6d., under the same conditions of my examination before sale.
As most roots are within 6 inches of the surface, these instruments

26 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

would suffice for such observations; but other instruments for greater
depths, on the same principle, could be made as required, under the
same conditions of examination.

It is exceedingly desirable to be able to ascertain the degree of
temperature surrounding roots nourished with different manures,
particularly those which readily accept nourishment, and to ascer-
tain whether the same manures in the same proportions yield the
same temperatures with different species, or whether the tempera-
ture, however derived, which is best to bring one species of plants
to perfection is the best for other varieties of that species.

This instrument has been submitted to the Scientific Committee
of the Royal Horticultural Society, under whose auspices, in con-
nection with myself, it will be made.

VI. Ona Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer. By James GratsHre,
F.R.S.

[Read June 26, 1872. ]

Aw exact knowledge of the state of the humidity of the air is as
important as that of its temperature, in al! closed buildings used
for horticultural purposes. When plants are imported from other
climates, their more or less capability of acquiring maturity is
much dependent on the more or less approximation to the climate
from which they came, both in its degree of humidity as well as
its temperature. By the use of the dry and wet bulb thermometer,
both these elements are known, and the one now exhibited (fig. B)
is fixed on a metal frame, so that it cannot be injured by water in
the greenhouse. I consider that instruments of this class, for this
purpose, should be good and inexpensive. The pair of thermometers,
as shown, are very nearly without errors at every part of their
scales, and could be used for outdoor determinations of temperature
and humidity of the air if necessary. Mr. Ackland (Horne and
Thornewaite, 123, Newgate Street) has agreed to furnish these
instruments thus seine at 15s. the pair, upon the agreement that
he will send them to me for examination before mounting, and sell
those only to horticulturists which are furnished with my certifi-
cate of their accuracy, and that I am permitted to reject all instru-
ments which may have an error as large as three-tenths of a

MR. J. G. BAKER ON DRACENA AND CORDYLINE. 97

degree at any part of their scales. These instruments have been
approved by the Royal Horticultural Society.

A, Ground Thermometer—the stem of the instrument should be provided
with a circular plate to rest on the soil as stated in the text; n, Wet and
Dry Bulb Thermometer.

ea

VII. On Dracena and Cordyline. By J. G. Baxzr, F.L.S.,

Assistant Curator of the Kew Herbarium.
[Read June 26, 1872. ]

THERE are two genera of arborescent Liliaces which since the
beginning of the century have been distinguished by botanists by
universal consent, and which are well-marked from one another
both by structural differences and by habit, which seem lately, so
far as nomenclature goes, to have drifted into a state of fusion in
our collections and trade catalogues in a way that certainly would

28 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

be protested against if Lilies were either Ferns or Orchids. The
two genera to which I refer are Dracena and Cordyline, some
members of which everyone knows, and everyone who has a con-
servatory cultivates. The Dragon Tree of the Canaries is a plant
about which everyone has read, and the great Dragon Tree of
Orotava, with a trunk 70 feet high ahd 50 feet in circumference,
which has an authenticated history going back to the commence-
ment of the fifteenth century, is a prominent item in every bead-roll
of vegetable wonders. Scarcely less celebrated, though of course not
known so long in Europe, is the invaiuable ‘‘ Ti”? Tree of the Polyne-
sian islanders, Cordyline terminalis. Its uses are almost as manifold
as thoseofa Palm. Inthe Sandwich, Society, and Fiji groups it serves
largely for food. The tuberous root, which often weighs from ten to
fourteen pounds, after being baked on heated stones, is said to re-
semble closely stick-liquorice in taste and sweetness. Bruised,
mixed with water, and fermented, it forms an intoxicating drink ;
distilled, an ardent spirit is readily obtained ; boiled before fermenta-
tion, a rich syrup capable of being used as sugar is the result. The
leaves furnish excellent fodder for rabbits, goats, sheep, and cattle,
and are used for this purpose by European settlers. It is often
erown for the sake of its ornamental leaves; and the stems, stuck
into the ground in a row, soon run up into a firm fence for an en-
closure. These are the two best and oldest-known members of the
two genera. Now as to their botanical distinctions. The struc-
tural difference between them is as follows :—In Dracena there is
only a single ovule in each of the three cells of the ovary ; in Cor-
dyline there are a great many—eight to fourteen, say the books.
Of course in both there is a tendency for the ovules to become
abortive without ripening into seeds; but so far as my experience of
the Ti Trees goes, there are never less than two or three seeds in a
cell, whilst in the Dragon Trees there cannot be more than one, and
frequently one or two out of the three cells become obliterated, as is
the rule in the Oak or Horse Chestnut. In Dracena the stigma exists
in the form of a head lke the button of a fencing-foil, with three
little blunt lobes, asin the Lilies. In Cordyline it takes the form
of three small hooks like the top of a shepherd’s crook or the handle
of a walking-stick, as in the Fritillaries. So much for differences in
the actual structure of the flower ; next for habit. In Cordyline the
flowers are placed singly on the rachis of the panicle, each sur-
rounded by a regular little involucre, formed of the membranous
bract that subtends the pedicel on the side farthest from the axis,
and inside the pedicel a pair of bracteoles, just like the bract in size

MR. J. G. BAKER ON DRACENA AND CORDYLINE. 29

and substance, which are sometimes quite distinct from one
another, and sometimes united along their borders. In Dracena
the pedicels spring out of the rachis in bundles of two or three, or
in some species of many together, without any such regular arrange-
ment of bracts and bracteoles as I have just described. The pedicels
in Dracena are usually longer than in Cordyline, and the perianth
is united through a greater portion of its length, but this does not
hold good invariably, and in the shape of the leaves there is very
much the same range of variation in both. Dr. Regel adds that
Dracena may be distinguished also by its orange-coloured roots and
by the absence of runners, but these latter are present im the
African D. surculosa. “The number of ovules and seeds, the shape
of the stigmas, and the arrangement of the pedicels and bracts are
the points on which it is safe to rely, and the two genera were
separated by Jussicu when he laid the foundations of the Natural
System in 1789, and have been adopted by Robert Brown, End-
licher, Meisner, Kunth, Dr. Hooker, and all other writers who
have had occasion to deal with them.

The geographical distribution of the two genera is not dissimilar.
They are both spread through Tropical Asia and North Australia,
and are-both entirely absent from Europe and America; but whilst
there are several species of Dracena in Tropical Africa there are
no Cordylines, and the latter, on the contrary, stretches into New
Zealand and Polynesia, where Dracena does not reach. An ex-
cellent monograph of all the known species of Dracena has lately
been published by Dr. Regel in the ‘‘ Gartenflora,’’ and there is
an account by Dr. Hooker of the New Zealand and Australian
Cordylines in the volume of the ‘‘ Gardener’s Chronicle ” for 1860,
and two later descriptive lists of all the known species and fom
have been published by Dr. Karl Koch in the Berlin ‘‘ Wochen-
schrift.”

I will conclude with a list of forms of Cordyline which within
the last few years have been placed in circulation in horticulture
as species of Dracena. None of them, so far as I know, have been
botanically described, and we shall probably not be far wrong in
assuming that most of the names in the following list represent
mere forms of Cordyline terminalis, varying in the shape, size, and
colouring of the leaf. I need scarcely point out that the distribution
of slight varieties of an old well-known plant under new specific
names appended to a genus to which they do not belong has a great
tendency to cause confusion in the minds both of gardeners and bota-
nists; and I hope that in this particular case the Horticultural

30 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Society will, for the future, guard against the continuance of the
practice.

Dracena albicans. Draczena limba ta.
i amabilis. = longifolia.
sd angusta. 4p Macleayi.
%. Chelsoni. is Mooreana.
3 Cooperi. Ps nigrescens.
a concinna. i nigrorubra.
5 Dennisonii. * magnifica.
be gracilis. cf pendula.
it erandis. ea: pulchella.
}; Guilfoylei. 4 Wisemanni.

VIII. Do Flies Eat Pollen? By Atrrep W. Benyert, M.A.,
B.8e., °F .L28:

[Read December 7, 1872.]

Ar a meeting of the Scientific Committee during the past season,
the question was raised whether Diptera eat pollen, or whether they
merely carry it away accidentally when searching for the nectar
which is their ordinary food. Having ventured to express the
opinion that certain Diptera, and especially some of the Syrphide,
do feed upon pollen, I found this was not the view of the entomo-
logists present, who expressed disbelief that insects provided only
with a proboscis and no mandibles could obtain any food more solid
than the juices of plants. In order to decide the question I this
autumn captured a number of the Syrphide which on a sunny day
swarm on the Composit bed at the Regent’s Park Botanic Gardens,
and subjected the contents of their abdomen to examination under
the microscope, when I found them in several instances to contain
considerable quantities, and in one to be absolutely loaded with
pollen-grains, which were easily recognised as belonging to some
Compositous plant, probably some one of the species of Aster then
abundantly in flower. The flies examined belonged to two species
of very different size—Hristalis tenax and Syrphus clypeata.

The exact mode in which flies use their proboscis in feeding upon
pollen—although apparently unknown to English entomologists—
has in fact been accurately described by Dr. Erm. Miller, of
Lippstadt, in a discourse delivered to the General Assembly of the

MR. A. W. BENNETT ON “‘DO FLIES EAT POLLEN?” 31

Natur-historischen Verein fiir Rheinland und Westphalen in
1869* :— |

‘« As to flies, it has been till now generally admitted that they
are exclusively destined to fluid nutriment. But in the summer of
1867 I was somewhat surprised, while observing in my garden an
Eristalis tenaxz upon a flower of° Ginothera media, to discover that
it was eating the pollen. Resting upon its middle and hind legs,
it thrust out its fleshy proboscis like an arm, seized a morsel of
pollen with the two valves which terminate the proboscis, and tore
it away from tke anther. Since the pollen-grains of Gnothera are
tied together by elastic threads, that bit of pollen torn from the
anther was attached to others by a band of threads, and the insect,
in order to free its mouth from that inconvenient appendage, began
to use its fore-legs. Raising both together towards its mouth, it
seized between them the cordon of threads, and rapidly rubbing
them one against the other, much as we do in washing our hands,
succeeded in cutting the threads, and clearing them from its mouth
and legs. Then it raised them again and seized the two valves of
the proboscis, thoroughly cleaning them of pollen and the threads
yet adhering to it; and in about three seconds the work of cleaning
was complete. At the same time the valves of the proboscis, by
rubbing against each other, had masticated the morsel of pollen,
and had conveyed the single granules into the channel of the
labium, whence they were pushed into the mouth. It had hardly
finished cleaning its proboscis and eating the first mouthful of
pollen, when it seized another portion, and repeated each and all
the operations I have described. It was so intent upon its meal
that I was able to observe it in the closest proximity without its
manifesting the slightest fear.

“The quantity of pollen which an #y7stalis can devour in this
way issurprising. Upon making a section of one and examining
the stomach, it appeared very large, and was full of a yellow sub-
stance which consisted of hundreds of thousands of pollen-grains.
I have had since then many opportunities of observing the eating of
pollen, not only in all the species of Hyvstalis, but also in the
genera Rhingia, Syrphus, Volucella, and Scatophaga. This chew-
ing of pollen alternates with sucking honey if the flowers have any,
and I am of opinion that the singular structure of the proboscis of
flies cannot be fully explained without taking into account its
double function of sucking honey and eating pollen. In the Tipu-

* © American Naturalist,” July, 1871, p. 290.

o2 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

larie, and also in those flies which do not cat pollen but live ex-
clusively upon juices, for instance Bombylius, the two valves of the
proboscis serve no other purpose than to protect and guide the
sucking tubes; but in the flies which devour pollen, besides this
function, there is also that of grinding the pollen, for which they
have special adaptations, for the margins of the two valves at the
point of union are transversely dentate with fine parallel bands of
chitine. Probably the greater or less distance of these bands in
different species is related to the different size of the pollen upon
which they feed.”

[Additional note, March 10, 1873.]

The subject has also recently been investigated by the well-
known naturalist, Mr. idward Newinan, whose conelusions on this
point are equally at variance with those of the majority of his
brother-entomologists. He asserts unhesitatingly (‘‘ Entomologist ”’
for Jan.; 1873, p. 291, and for March, p. 336) that the ordinary
food of Hristalis, as well as of many other Diptera, is pollen ;
‘¢ Masses of this and other solid substances being found in their
stomachs undissolved and unaltered after passing through the entire
length of the leathery and‘extensile promuscis.’”? Whether, how-
ever, the pollen-grains are entirely unaltered, or whether their
liquid contents or ‘‘ fovilla”’ is extracted for the nourishment of the
insect, is a point which cannot at present be considered as decided,
and which must form the subject of a future series of observations.

In a recent communication to the *‘ Field,’? Mr. Newman thus
describes the process, as observed by him, by which the Syrphidee
detach and devour the pollen of plants, which it is interesting to
compare with the independent observations of Prof. Miiller :—
“* Kristalis tenax, pertinax, and sequax are all greedy~ devourers
of pollen, and all of them devour it in the same manner. They
thrust their proboscis among the florets, separate the two spreading
valves with which its extremity is furnished, grasp a cluster of
pollen-granules, detach them from the flower, and swallow them.
The operation of detaching the pollen-granules is not performed
without some skill and exercise of ingenuity, for in many flowers
the granules are united together by slender tenacious threads,
which must be broken before the granules can be swallowed. This
swallowing of the pollen is very obvious to the patient observer;
the granules, a few at a time, ascend the leathery proboscis and
thence descend into the stomach, which becomes gorged with them,
and from which they may be extracted, after the insect is killed, in

REPORT OF THE CHISWICK BOARD OF DIRECTION. 30

a perfectly unaltered state. The yellow pollen-granules frequently
impart their colour to the abdomen, more especially to its sides
and under-surface. After the fly has swallowed a granule or mass
of granules, it occupies several seconds in clearing its head from the
granules, threads, and other impurities which still adhere to it—a
process performed by its first pair of legs in a manner that strongly
reminds one of a cat washing its face with its fore-paws.”’ Mr.
Newman even goes so far as to suggest—though he does not assert
this to be the case—whether these three species of Hristalis are
not entirely destitute of the power usually attributed to them of
imbibing the liquid honey of flowers. Atall events, in a series of
observations extending over two autumns, he has never detected
them in the act.

The utility of this affection for pollen on the part of these very
common and widely-distributed species of Diptera, in promoting
the cross-fertilisation rather than the self-fertilisation of the flowers
they frequent, is sufficiently obvious.

IX. Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction.
[Presented February 11, 1873.]

Durine the past season the work at Chiswick has been mainly
directed towards the perfecting of the arrangements attendant on
the alterations in the garden in the previous year. It was then
reported that in consequence of timely, though not unusually
copious rainfall, the valuable collection of fruit-trees had been re-
moved with scarcely any loss. The late gloomy and rainy season
was peculiarly favourable to the complete establishment of the
transplanted stock, the deficiency of fruit being highly conducive
to the same end.

Though there has been little opportunity for what may be more
strictly considered as scientific investigation, important trials in a
horticultural point of view have been carried on with respect to
various objects of cultivation. Those on the different varieties of
Kales and Peas were made under unusually favourable conditions.
Both were very carefully examined, the latter including upwards
of 200 reputed varieties, by the Fruit Committee, and the results in
either case are recorded in the numbers of the Society’s Journal
recently published. In order that no dissatisfaction might arise as to

VOL. IV. D

34 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

results, each sample was marked with a number, the name of the
contributor being kept back, and as the decisions were almost, if
not quite unanimous they may be regarded as conclusive. To
eleven of the newest the Committee awarded First-class Cer-
tificates. Amongst the most remarkable of the varieties in the
trial were a large number raised from crosses effected by Mr. Laxton,
of Stamford.

The weather was not equally favourable to trials with flowers,
a worse season for Pelargoniums being scarcely conceivable. 400
varieties of Zonal Pelargoniums were planted out. The more deli-
cate varieties made no growth, and even the coarser ones did not
develope fully their respective merits. Of Phloxes 260 varieties,
and of Penstemons 100 varieties were also grown in the flower-beds
of the new trial ground, while of Fuchsias 100 varieties were grown
in pots. These last indeed were not subject to the continued rain,
but they suffered like the other occupants of the conservatories
from the continued absence of sunlight. The Floral Committee
held three meetings at Chiswick for the examination of these.
collections, and awarded 41 Certificates to Pelargoniums, 28 to
Phloxes, 21 to Penstemons, and 26 to Fuchsias. Reports on these
collections are published in the last numbers of the Society’s
Journal.

During the past year a large collection of Peaches, Nectarines,
Apricots, and Cherries has been procured and planted against the
new boundary walls, for the purpose of comparison and determina-
tion of the varieties. These have all been trained in the form of
single oblique cordons, so as to economise space and to secure as
great a number as possible against the walls.

Owing to the late spring frosts, which caused such havoc among
the fruit crops in the country generally, all out-door fruits, with
the exception of Strawberries, were unusually scarce in the garden.

The large Orchard House continues very attractive. The trees
during the past season were laden with fine highly-developed fruit,
and were a subject of study to many of the Fellows of the Society.

The Vines in the large conservatory exhibited last year indica-
tions of languor, through defective root action. This is doubtless
attributable to the borders having become exhausted; these
having been renewed, a more vigorous growth and greater pro-
duction of fruit may be expected next season.

A new plantation of Strawberries has been lately completed.

The trial during the next season, for which preparations are

being made, will embrace all the varieties of Potatoes which it is
possible to collect.

REPORT OF THE CHISWICK BOARD OF DIRECTION. 30

Great pains have been taken to get together a collection of such in-
teresting hardy Herbaceous plants as may be worthy of general cul-
tivation. It isnot within the province of the Society to attempt any-
thing like a Botanical collection ; but within certain limits the Board
are anxious to do something towards restoring a general taste for
beautiful forms other than those gorgeous masses of colour which
have become so prevalent, and which at one time, except for the
concomitant attraction of Ferns, bade fair to exclude from gardens
everything except a few favoured bedding plants, which were re-
peated universally, with scarcely any variation.

It is desired during the coming season to get together more
especially a collection of all the cultivated Asters which can be met
with, with a view to a revision of the nomenclature. which appears
to be in a very confused state. Any contributions from Fellows for
this object will be thankfully received by the Gardener-in-Chief.

The re-establishment of the system of meteorological observa-
tions has not been effected without difficulty. The fine set of new
instruments purchased by the Society from Messrs. Negretti and
Zambra were personally conveyed to the Kew Observatory by
Prof. Thiselton Dyer. Having been satisfactorily tested, they have
been fixed in their proper positions at Chiswick, and the observations
have been regularly taken with them since the beginning of July.
The thermometer-stand, however, which was made at considerable
expense at the recommendation of Mr. Glaisher, does not prove
wholly satisfactory, and it may ultimately prove necessary to
abandon it for some other arrangement.

It will be seen from the following figures that the rainfall at
Chiswick of the last six months of 1872 was equal to about two-
thirds of the average rainfall of the whole year (23-5 in.) :—

Number of Average
Days on which Rainfall, Rainfall
Rain fell in 1872. of

1872. 44 years,
July Ph ae 14 oe 1°94 ite 2°32
August .. he 13 an 1°88 ae 2°41
September. . bos fg ae 1°19 ta 2°50
October .. a 24 ve 4°65 bY 2°63
November .. se 22 iw 3°25 ee 2°10
December .. = 22 . 3°94 ae 1°53
106 A 16°85 a0 13°49

In the period 1826—1869 the whole rainfall of the driest year
(1858) was 15°8 in.; in 1864 the whole rainfall was only’16°9 in.
Prof. Thiselton Dyer has commenced some evening lectures on
the Scientific Principles of Horticulture to the persons employed in
the garden. These lectures are still in course of delivery.
D 2

36 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

It is hoped during the present year to make some progress with
the formation of a herbarium of correctly-named specimens of
cultivated Herbaceous plants. This will be exceedingly useful for
purposes of reference, especially for naming the living collection.

A very important collection of the seeds of Cotton plants sup-
plied by Major Trevor Clarke was raised at Chiswick for the
International Exhibition, of which it proved to be one of the most
interesting and attractive features during a great portion of the
period the Exhibition was open to the public.

Experiments are about to be made on the practical manurial
value of the various products of Major-General Scott’s system of
sewage precipitation.

The conservatory at South Kensington has been maintained in
an exceedingly gay condition throughout the season by means of
14,200 ornamental plants cultivated at Chiswick for that purpose ;
while the exterior gardens at South Kensington have been em-
bellished by 52,000 bedding plants from the same source.

During the year about 9000 flowering plants; 16,000 cuttings
of flowering plants; 1200 packets of cuttings of Apples, Pears,
Plums, Cherries, Vines, and Figs ; 8000 Strawberry plants ; 60,000
packets of flower seeds; and €0,000 packets of vegetable seeds,
have been distributed amongst the Fellows by ballot or otherwise.
Large collections of cuttings of fruit-trees have been sent to Aus-
tralia, Canada, Natal, New Zealand, and India.

Presentations of plants, seeds, &c., have been received from-
amongst others: The Royal Gardens, Kew; Dr. Denny; Major
Clarke; Messrs. Veitch and Sons; W. Bull; Knight; F. and A.
Smith ; Downie, Laird and Laing; T. Laxton; Van Houtte; R.
Parker; H. Cannell; D. Paul; E. G. Henderson and Son; George;
Gibson ; Quilter; Moore; Barron, &c.

The presentations of Peas for trial were made by Messrs.
Minier, Nash, and Nash; James Carter and Co.; Sutton and Sons ;
Veitch and Sons; Hurst and Son; Gibbs and Co.; Wrench and
Son; Howcroft and Watkins ; T. Laxton; Dean; Williams; Cut-
bush; James Clarke ; Barr and Sugden ; James Dickson and Sons;
F. and A. Dickson and Son; Finney, Nutting and Son; Hooper
and Co.; &e.

M. J. BERKELEY.

R. HOGG.

T. MOORE.

W. T. THISELTON DYER.

REPORT OF THE PROFESSOR OF BOTANY. WA

X. Report of the Professor of Botany.

[Presented February 11, 1873.]

Durine the past year I have endeavoured, as far as possible,
to carry out regularly the duties assigned to the Professor of Botany
in the last Report of the Council.

In the months of April, May, and June I delivered a course of
six lectures on ‘‘ Flowers and Fruits.” The average attendance at
each lecture was about fifty persons. I may perhaps be permitted to
remark that it would add considerably to the comfort of the audience
if, on future occasions, access could be obtained to the offices with-
out the necessity of traversing the Council-room while the lecture is
proceeding. I have to thank Messrs. Veitch for the loan of nume-
rous plants for purposes of illustration, besides those which I
obtained from the Society’s own gardens.

During the Birmingham Show a Horticultural Congress was held
on the afternoons of the 26th ‘and 27th of June. Introductory
addresses were delivered by myself and Mr. Moore, and ten papers
were read. The want of time for adequate discussion was, how-
ever, felt to be a great drawback to the practical usefulness of the
meetings. It appears to me very desirable that, if held at all, the
Congress should continue to be under the auspices of the Society,
but I am inclined to think that it would be better to confine it to a
single evening meeting, at which one or two subjects only should be
taken up.

The Journal of the Society will for the future be published
quarterly, under the joint editorship of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley
and myself. Each number will contain, in addition to other matter
connected with the scientific work of the society, a brief reswmé
of the Chiswick meteorological observations, with respect to which
further information will be found in the Report of the Board of
Direction. In exchange for the Chiswick meteorological observa-
tions the Director of the Meteorological Office has regularly sent
to the Society the daily charts placed in the Council-room. .

At the commencement of April the Council placed the charge
of the Lindley Library in my hands. Having to a considerable
extent re-arranged the books, I was able to suggest to the trustees
the sale of seventy-six volumes which were either duplicates or un-
connected with botanical or horticultural subjects. During the past
year 108 volumes have been added, and seventy-nine volumes
bound. Access to this library I have found of the greatest possible

38 ‘ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

importance in the performance of my official work, more especially
on the show days.

On the 18th of July I despatched to the Jardin des Plantes a
collection of forty-two species of Orchids from the Society’s collection.
These, together with a collection from W. Marshall, Esq., reached
Paris in good condition, and during the summer I had the satis-
faction of personally seeing the appreciation in which they were
held. Besides engaging in a considerable and increasing corre-
spondence, I have determined the names of 189 plants sent to me
for that purpose.

There is one point which I wish in conclusion to take this op-
portunity of more especially urging. J amstrongly impressed with
the inequality in value of the certificates awarded by the Floral
Committee. It appears to me that the enterprise and expense of
introducing an important new plant into the country is ordinarily
far greater than that involved in producing a new florist’s variety
of an old established species. I think, therefore, that the two
classes of cultivated plants should receive different forms of certifi-
cate. The number of First-class varieties: of the Dahlia, for
example, is endless. The result mfst be, I cannot but think, to
reduce the value of the First-class Certificate. At any rate it must
make such a distinction appear inadequate when a new plant of the
importance of say Phalenopsis Schilleriana makes its appearance for
the first time at the Society.

W. T. THISELTON DYER.

XI. On Pteris serrulato-tremula. By THomas Moorz, F.L.S., -
Floral Director to the Royal Horticultural Society.

Tus very interesting greenhouse evergreen Fern, of which a
figure representing the upper portion of a frond forms Plate V.,
sprang up about a couple of years since in one of the propagating-
houses at the Chiswick garden, and is believed to be a hybrid
between two well-known species, Pteris serrulata and P. tremula,
which are very largely grown there for decorative purposes, on
account of their free-growing and elegant character. In the earlier
stages of development the fronds were so closely like those of P.
serrulata that the plant was looked upon as a slight variation of

~“

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIS£ OF ALL KNOWN LILIES. 39

that species; but the successive fronds gradually changed in
character until they showed a near resemblance to P. tremula,
differing mainly in the more elongated outline of the frond. In
the intermediate stages the fronds assumed a more intermediate
character.

The habit of the plant is elegantly spreading, the erecto-
patent fronds being upwards of 24 feet in height, including a
stipe of 6 or 8 inches, the outline of the leafy portion being elon-
gate-triangular, with a tendency to furcation in the rachides and
at the tips of the pinne. The stipes are pale chestnut brown, as
in P. tremula, and the fronds have the same palish green colour
which occurs in that species, from which this novelty differs in its
narrower fronds, and the numerous elongated caudate apices which
occur both on the pinne and on the more compound of the pinnules,
and are often as much as 3 incheslong. The following description
embodies its chief peculiarities :—

Fronds tripinnate (in the few lower pinne), 24—38 feet high,
elongate-deltoid, pale green ; lower pinne triangular, bipinnate, the
segments pinnatifid at the base and terminating in a long caudate
apex, the intermediate pinnules sessile, pinnatifid at the base with
linear-oblong segments and acaudate terminal one, the apex pin-
natifid with linear-oblong decurrent lobes and a terminal caudate
one; upper pinne less compound, but caudate, and having the
basal pinnules also caudate, the uppermost merging into linear
pinnatifid or linear entire segments, the apex being caudate; sori
continuous, with linear entire indusia; veins once or twice forked,
free ; stipes and rachis chestnut brown, furrowed in front, smooth
and glossy.

XII. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Lilies, with
their Native Countries, and References to the Works where they

are Figured. By J. G. Baxrr, F.L.S., Assistant Curator of the
. Kew Herbarium.

Suserenus 1. KEULIRION.—Perianth funnel-shaped, horizontal
or slightly drooping, its divisions broadest above the middle, spread-

ing only towards the tip when fully expanded; filaments and style
nearly straight.

40 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

1. L. cordifolium, Zunb.
Subspecies 1. Corpirotium proper.—Japan.
L. cordifoliuum, Zuce. in Sieb. Fl. Jap., fasc. 3, t. 18, fig. 2,
and t. 14; Flore des Serres, t. 216. 4
Subspecies 2. Gicantrum.—Central and Eastern Himalayas,
5-10,000 feet.
L. giganteum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep., t. 12,138; Bot. Mag.,
t. 4673; Flore des Serres, t. 771-2; Belgique Horticole
li», tes 2de
2. L. longiflorum, Thunb.
Subspecies 1. LoneIrLorum proper.—Japan and China.
L. longiflorum, Bot. Reg., t. 560; Flore des Serres, t. 270;
Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 985; Bury Hexand, t. 8.
Var. 1. Exim1um.—Japan.
L. eximium, Court., Spae Mon., p. 14; Flore des Serres,
t. 283-4.
L. Jama-juri, Siebold et De Vriese Tuinbow Flora, vol.
i., p. 319, t. 11.
L. longiflorum Takesima, Duchartre Obs., p. 38.
L. longiflorum Lnu-Kiu, Siebold.
Subspecies 2. NertgHerrense.—Nilghiris.
L. netlgherrense, Wight Icones, t. 2031.
L. tubiflorum, Wight Icones, t. 2033-4.
L. Wallichianum, Wight Icones, t. 2035, not Schultes.
L. nevlgherricum. Lemaire Ill. Hort. x., t. 353.
L. Metz, Steudel. ° |
3. L. Wallichianum, Schultes fii.Central Himalayas, 3-4000
feet.
L. Wallichianum, Bot. Mag., t. 4561; Lindl. and Paxt. F1.,
Gard. 1850, 120, with a figure; Lemaire Jard. Fleur.,
t. 105-6; Flore des Serres, t. 612.
L. Batisua, Ham. mss.
L. japonicum, D. Don, not of Thunb.
L. longiflorum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep., t. 29, not of Thunb.
4. L. japonicum, Tiunb.—Japan and Korean Archipelago.
Var. 1, SAPONICUM proper.
L. japonicum, Bot. Mag., t. 1591; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 438
Reich. exot., t. 88.
L. odorum, Planch. Flore des Serres, t. 876-7.
Var. 2. Browni1.—Japan.
L. Brownit, Mielle Flore des Serres, t. 47.
L. japonicum, Bury Hexand., t. 2.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN LILIES. 41

5. L. nepaleuse, D. Don.—Temperate Central Himalayas; not
now in cultivation.

Var. 1. NepaLEnseE proper.

L. nepalense, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar., t. 291.

Var. 2. Tricers.—Central Himalayas; not known in culti-
vation.

L. triceps, Klotzsch Reise Wald., t. 98.

Var. 3. Nanum.—Central Himalayas; not known in cultiva-
tion.

LZ. nanum, Klotzsch.
6. L. candidum, Zznn.

Subspecies 1. Canpipum proper.—South Europe.

L. candidum, Bot. Mag., t. 278 ; Redouté Lil., t. 199; Flore
des Serres, t. 735; Bury Hexand., t. 38; Reich. FI.
Germ., t. 445.

Var. Srriatum, Hort.
L. striatum, Flore des Serres, t. 735.

Subspecies 2. Purecrrinum.—Never seen in a wild state, and
now apparently lost from cultivation, in this country at
any rate.

L. peregrinum, Miller; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard., ser. 2, t.

367; Hayne Arzne. 8, t. 27.
.7. L. Washingtonianum, ‘ellogg.—California.

L. Washingtonvanum, Gard. Chron. 1871, t. 142; Regel Gar-
tenflora, t. 170; Flore des Serres, t. 1975-6.

L. Bartramii, Nuttall Herb.—Gathered and named by Nuttall
a generation ago, but his name was never published so far
as I am aware.

Suncenus 2. ARCHELIRION.—Perianth broadly bell-shaped,
horizontal or slightly drooping, its divisions ovate or lanceolate, not
distinctly clawed, spreading widely from below the middle when
fully expanded ; style declinate, and stamens much curved.

8. L. tigrinum, Gaw/.—Japan und China.

L. tigrinum, Bot. Mag., t. 1287; Redouté Lil, t. 495
and 475.
L. speciosum, Andrews Bot. Rep., t. 586, not Thunb.
Var. 1. Forrunet, Hort.
Var. 2. SpuenpD«ns, Hort.
L. splendens, Flore des Serres, t. 1931-2; Floral Mag.,
t. 009.
L. tigrinum Leopolds, Hort.

42 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Var. 3. Lisxmanni, Moore Florist, 1873, p. 13 with
figure. :
9. L. speciosum, 7hunb.—Japan.
L. speciosum, Bot. Reg., t. 2000; Zucc. in Sieb. Fl. Jap., .
fasc. 3, t. 12, and t. 18, fig. 1.
L. speciosum, var. Romuteed Bot. Mag., t. 3785; Flore des
Serres, t. 276-7.
L. lanerfolium, Hort., not Thunb.
* Sheng purplish-brown.
Var. 1. Rusrum, Masters in Gard Chron. 1872, p. 1522.
Var. 2. Atpum, Masters 1.c.
* * Stems green.
Var. 3. Spectosum proper.
Var. 4. Rostrum, Masters 1.c.
LI. speciosum, Paxt. Mag. v., t. 1.
Var. 5. Puncratum, Lem., Flore des Serres, under t. 276.
L. lancifolium, Paxt. Mag. viii., t. 267, not Thunb.
Var. 6. Tamerano, Zuce.
L. Broussartw, Morren Mém. Acad. Roy. Brux., Feb.,
1834.
LL. speciosum vestale, Hort.
L. eximium, Hort.
id. L. auratum, Lindl.—Japan.
Var. 1. AvRATUM, proper.
L. auratum, Bot. Mag.,t. 5338 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1528,
1531; Tl. Hort ix., t. 338 ; Revue Hort. 1867,t.371.
L. Dextert, Hovey.
Var. 2. Wirrtxt.
L. Witter, Suringar in K. Koch Wochen. 1867, p. 294.

Suseenus 8. ISOLIRION.—Periauth broadly bell-shaped, quite
erect, its divisions oblong-lanceolate, broadest about the middle,
spreading in the upper half or third when fully expanded ; sta-
mens divergent on all sides from the centre of the flower.
+11. L. philadelphicum, Zenn.—Canada and Northern United

States.
L. philadelphicum, Bot. Mag., t. 519; Redoute Lil., t. 104
Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 976; Bot. Reg., t. 594.
L. andinum, Nuttall.
L. umbellatum, Pursh.

12. L. medeoloides, A. Gray.—Japan; not known in cultiva-

tion.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN LILIES. 43

~13. L. Catesbei, Walters.—United States.
L. Catesbai, Bot. Mag., t. 259; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 807 ; Sweet
Brit. Flow. Gard., ser. 2., t. 185.
L. spectabile, Salisb. Parad., t. 5., not Link.
L.. carolimanum,:Catesby, not Michaux.
14. L. bulbiferum, Zinn.
Subspecies 1. Bursrrerum proper.—Austria, Sweden.

L. bulbiferum, Jacq. Austr., t. 226; Bot. Mag., t. 36; Re-
douté Lil., t. 210; Reich. Germ., t. 454 ; Regel Garten-
flora 1872, p. 231, with woodcut of bulb.

Subspecies 2. Croceum, Charx.—France, Switzerland, and
North Italy. | .
L. croceum, Lodd. Cab., t. 784; Reich. Germ., t. 454.
Subspecies 8. Davuricum, Gawl.—Through Siberia.

L. davuricum, Regel Gartenflora, t. 740, and 1871, p. 231,
with woodcut of bulb.

L. pennsylwanicum, Gawl. Bot. Mag., t. 872.

L. spectabile, Link ; Reich. Icon. exot., t. 30; Regel Garten-
flora, t. 349.

L. Buschianum, Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1628.

Subspecies 4. Tuunpereranum, Schultes fil.—Japan.

Var. 1. THUNBERGIANUM proper.

L. Thunbergianum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 88; Maund
Bot., t. 158.
L. aurantiacum, Paxt. Mag., 6., p. 127, with a figure.

Var. 2. Brevirotium, Baker & Dyer Gard. Chron. 1872, p.
1356.

Var. 8. Bricotor, Moore Flor. Mag., t. 104.

a pictum, Hort. Sieb. |
L. aurantiacum, Hort. Krelage.

Var. 4. Witsont, Lewchtlin.

L. pardinum, Moore Flor. & Pom. 1861, p. 121, witha
plate.

Var. 5. Auoracrum, Baker & Dyer 1.c.

L. Thunbergianum aureum nigro-maculatum, Flore des
Serres, t. 1627.

Var. 6. Armentacum, Baker & Dyer.

Var. 7. Crrrtnum, Hort. Wilson.

Var. 8. SANGUINEUM.

L. sanguineum, Bot. Reg., 32, t. 50.
L. biligulatum, Hort.
L. latertitium, Hort.

44 . ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Var. 9. AtrosaneuinguM, Baker & Dyer l.c.
L. hematochroum, Lem. Il. Hort., t. 503.
Var. 10. Forexns.

L. fulgens, Morren Spae Mon., 29; Lemaire Ill. Hort., t.

422.
L. venustum, Kunth Flore des Serres, t. 657.

L. fulgens, var. staminosum, Lemaire Ill. Hort., t. 1422, is

a double-flowered form.
15. L. lancifolium, Zhunb.—Japan; a very little known plant,

never brought into cultivation, perhaps a variety of the

last.

L. laneifolium, Thunb., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., 3, t. 3.
16. L. pulchellum, Fisch & Meyer.—EKast Siberia.
L. puichellum, Regel Gartenf., t. 284, fig. 2; Revue Ste
1862, p. 181, with a foun
17. L. concolor, Sait okie and Japan.
Var. 1. Concotor proper.—China.
L. concolor, Salisb. Parad., t. 47; Bot. Mag., t. 1165.
Var. 2. Srxicum, Lind/.—China.
L. sinicum, Lindl. in Paxt. Flow. Gard., vol. ii., mise. t.
193; Ill. Hort., t. 100; Flore des Serres, t. 1206 ; Bot.
Mag., t. 6005. :
Var. 8. Coripion, Sieb. & De Vreese.
L. coridion, Sieb. & De Vr. Tuinbow Flora, vol. ii., p. 341,
with a figure.
Var. 4. Parruennion, Sieb & De Vriese.
L. partheneion, Sieb. & De Vr. Tuinbow Flora, vol. ii., p.
341, with a figure.

Suscenus 4. MARTAGON.—Perianth always drooping,
broadly bell-shaped, its divisions lanceolate, broadest about the
middle, not distinctly clawed, distinetly reflexed when fully ex-
panded ; stamens diverging much on all sides from the centre of
the flower; and style declinate.

18. L. Martagoo, Zinn.—Central and Southern Europe and

Siberia.

Var. 1. Marracon proper.

L. Martagon, Bot. Mag., t. 898 and 1634; Red. Lil, t. 146;
Jacq. Austr., t. 351; Engl. Bot., t. 279, ord edit., t.
1518; Reich. Ic. Gack: t. 451.

Var. 2. Honest: Miller.

L. Milleri, Schultes.

\
\

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN LILIES. 45

Var. 3. GLABRUM.
L. glabrum, Sprengel.
Var. 4. Carantr.—Dalmatia.
LL. Catanv, Visiani Fl. Dalm. Suppl., t. 3.
L. Martagon, var. dalmaticum, Maly.
19. L. maculatum, Ziund.—Kamschatka,. Manchuria, Japan,
Russian America.
L. maculatum, Thunb. Mem. Acad. Peters , 3, t. 5.
LI. avenaceum, Fisch. Maxim. in Regel Gartenfl., t. 485.
. 20. L. canadense, Zinn.—Canada, Eastern United States, and
California.
‘Var. 1. CanapEnse proper.—Canada and Eastern United
States. :
L. canadense, Bot. Mag., t. 800 and 858; Bury Hexand.,
t. 12; Flore des Serres, t. 1174.
* Var. 2. Parvom.—California.
L. parvum, Kellogg Proc. Calif. Acad. i1., p. 179, t. 52 ;
Regel Gartenfl., t. 725.
Var. 3. Puservutom, Leichtlin, not Torrey.—California.
~ Var. 4. Watxert, Wood.—California.
° 21. L. superbum, Zinn.
Var. 1. Suprrsum proper.—Eastern United States.
L. superbum, Bot. Mag., t. 986; Red. Lil., t. 103; Bury
Hexand., t. 36; Flore des Serres, t. 1014-5.
* Var. 2. Carottntanum, A. Gray.—Eastern United States.
L. carolinianum, Mich. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2280; Bot. Reg., t. 580
(not Catesby).
— LL. Michauxir, Poiret.
L. Michauzxianum, Schultes fil.
L. autumnale, Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 335.
Var. 3. Parpatinum.—California.
L. pardalinum, Kellogg Proc. Calif. Acad. u1., p. 12, with
a figure.
\ Var. 4. Bouremt, Baker.—British Columbia.
-22. L. columbianum, Hort. Leichtlin.—Oregon and British
Columbia.
. L. Sayu, Nuttall mss.
LL. canadense, var. parviflorum, Hook.
LL. canadense, var. minus, Wood.
23. L. Humboldtii, Roezl § Leichtlin in Duchartre Obs.,
p. 105.—California.
L. Humboldti, Regel Gartenflora, t.724; Fl. desSerres, t. 1973-4.

46 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
L. canadense, var. puberulum, Torrey Bot. Whipple, p. 90.
LL. Bloomerianum, Kellogg Proc. Calif. Acad. iv., p. 60.
L. californicum, Hort. Ang].
24, L. Roezlii, Regel Gartenfl., t. 667.—California, Utah.
L. canadense, var. Hartwegi, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1871, p.
321.
25. L. monadelphum, Jf, Bieb.—Caucasus and Asia Minor.
Var. 1. MonapeLtpuum proper.—Caucasus and Asia Minor.
L. monadelphum, M. Bieb. Cent. Ross., t. 4; Bot. Mag.,
t. 1405 ; Reich. Exot., t. 89; Regei Gartenfl., t. 733.
LI. Loddigesianum, Schultes fil.; Lemaire Jard. Fleur., t.'
204; Paxt. Flow. Gard., t. 58; Flore des Serres, t.
507—9.
Var. 2. Szovirstanum.—Asia Minor.
L. Szovitsianum, Fisch. & Lall. Regel Gartenfl., t. 536 ;
Flore des Serres, t. 507—9.
L. colechicum, Steven.
26. L. carniolicum, Bernh.—Lombardy, Austria, and Turkey.
Var. 1. CarnroLicum proper.—Same distribution.
L. carniolicum, Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 990.
L. chalcedonicum, Linn. in part; Jacq. Fl. Austr. Supp., t. 20.
Var. 2. Avpantcum.—Albania and Transylvania. :
L. albanicum, Griseb.
27. L. ponticum, A. Koch.—Asia Minor; not known in cultiva-
tion.
28. L. polyphyllum, /oyle.—Western Himalayas, temperate
region ; not known in cultivation.
L. punetatum, Jacquemont, Duchartre Obs., p. 77.
29. L. chalcedonicum, Zinn.—Greece, Ionian Islands, Asia
Minor.
L. chalcedonicum, Bot. Mag., t. 30; Red Lil., t. 276; Reich.
Ic. Germ., t. 453 (not of Jacquin).
30. L. pyrenaicum, Gouwan.—Pyrenees. |
L. pyrenaicum, Red. Lil., t. 145; Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 992.
L. flavum, Lam.
31. L- callosum, Sveb. § Zuce.—Japan and Loo Choo.
L. callosum, Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. Jap., t. 41.
32. L. testaceum, Lindi. Bot. Reg. 1848, t. 11.—A garden
hybrid between candidum and chalcedonicum.
L. testaceum, Paxt. Mag. Bot. 1843, p. 221, with a figure ;
Flore des Serres, t. 89; Regel Gartenfl., t. 349.
L.. excelsum, Hort.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN LILIES. 47

L. wsabellinum, Kunze.
33. L- Leichtlini, Hook. fil.—Japan.
Var. 1. LxeicHrirnm proper.
L. Leichtlinu, Bot. Mag., t. 5673; Ill. Hort., t. 540; Flore
des Serres, t. 17386; Belg. Hort. 1869, tL Tt: Note
Mag., t. 509.
Var. 2. Maximowiczit1.
L. Maximowiezit, Regel Gartenfl., t. 596.
‘ar. 3. PsEUDO-TIGRINUM.
L. pseudo-tigrinum, Carriere Red. Hort. 1867, p. 410, with
a figure; Regel Gartenflora, t. 664.
34. L. pomponium, Linn.—Lombardy and the South of France.
L. pomponium, Bot. Mag., t. 971; Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 991.
L. angustifolium, Mall.
L. rubrum, Lam.
35. L. tenuifolium, /%sch.—Siberia.
L. pumilum, Red. Lil., t. 378.
L. linifolium, Hornem.
L. puniceum, Sieb.

The group Nornorrrion, including LZ. roseum, Wall. ( Thom-
sonianum) and L. Hooker, Baker, must rank under Fritillaria, not
Lilium, as it has a slender filiform stigma and tunicated bulbs
and these are the best marks of technical difference between the

former and latter genus.
e

INDEX TO LILY NAMES.

THE numbers refer to the species. The names in italics are the adopted
names ; the others are synonyms.

albanicum, 26 Bloomerianum, 23
album, 9 Bourgzi, 21

alutaceum, 14 brevifolium, 14
andinum, 11 Broussartii, 19
angustifolium, 34 Brownii, 4
armeniacum, 14 bulbiferum, 14
atrosanguineum, 14 Buschianum, 14
aurantiacum, 14 californicum, 23
auratum, 10 callosum, 31
autumnale, 21 canadense, 20
avenaceum, 19 candidum, 6

Bartramii, 7 carniolicum, 26 $
Batisua, 3 carolinianum, Cat., 13
bicolor, 14 carolinianum, Mich., 21

biligulatum, 14 | Catanii, 18

48

Catesbsxi, 13
chalcedonicum, 26 & 29
cihinum, 14
colchicum, 25
columbianum, 22
concolor, 17
cordifolium, 1
Coridion, 17
croceum, 14
dalmaticum, 18
davuricum, 14
Dexteri, 10
excelsum, 32
eximium, Court., 2
eximium, Hort., 9
flavum, 30

Fortunet, 8
Sulgens, 14
giganteum, 1
glatrum, 18
hematochroum, 14
Hartwegii, 24
hirsutum, 18
Humboldti, 23
isabellinum, 32
Jama-juri, 2
japonicum, D. Don., 3
japonicum, Thunb., 4
lancifolium, Hort., 9
lancifolium, Thunb., 15
lateritinm, 14
Leichtlinii, 33
linifolium, 35
Lashmanni, 8
Loddigesianum, 25
longiflorum, Thunb., 2
longiflorum, Waill., 3
maculatum, 19
Martagon, 18
Maximowiczu, 33
medeoloides, 12
Metzii, 2

Michauxii, 21
Milleri, 18

minus, 22
monadelphum, 25
nanum, 5
neilgherrense, 2
neilgherricum, 2
nepalense, 5
odorum, 4
pardalinum, 21
pardinum, 14

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Partheneion, 17
parviflorum, 22
parvum, 20
pensylvanicum, 14
peregrinum, 6
philadelphicum, 11
pictum, 14
polyphyllum, 28
pomponium, 34
ponticum, 27
pseudo-tigrinum, 33
puberulum, Leicht., 20
puberulum, Torr., 23
pulchellum, 16
pumilum, 35
punctatum, Jacq., 28
punctatum, Lem., 9
puniceum, 35
pyrenaicum, 30
Roezlit, 24

noseum, 9

rubrum, Lam., 34
rubrum, Mast., 9
sanguineum, 14
Sayii, 22

sinicum, 17
speciosum, Andr., 8
speciosum, Link., 9
spectabile, Link., 14
spectabile, Salisb., 13
splendens, 8
Sstaminosum, 14
striatum, 6
superbum, 21
Szovitsianum, 25
Takesima, 2
Tametano, 9
tenuifolium, 35
testaceum, 32
Thunbergianum, 14
tigrinum, 8

triceps, 5
tubiflorum, 2
umbellatum, 11
venustum, 14
vestale,9
Walkeri, 20

Wallichianum, Wight, 2
Wallichianum, Schultes fil., 3

Washingtonianum, 7
Wilsoni, 14
Witter, 10

MR. MALCOLM DUNN ON PHYLLOXERA VASTATRIX. 49

XIII. Note on Phylloxera vastatriz. By Mr. Matcotm Dunn.

[Mr. Dunn contributed last year (vol. iii., pp. 81—86) an account. of the plan

he pursued at Powerscourt for extirpating the Phylloxera. The following
remarks were addressed to a correspondent, and are extracted from ‘“ The
Gardener ” of February last, pp. 63—64.]
I am very glad to hear that you have decided upon burning all your
infected Vines and removing all the borders, and at the same time
thoroughly cleansing every part of the houses, making sure that not
a vestige of the insidious pest is left. By doing so you will have
much more confidence that you have thoroughly stamped it out.
Had I to deal with it again I would certainly deal with it in the
same way, unless I had very special reasons for cleaning and
saving the Vines, though I hope I may never have the task of
dealing with it again. One attack from so dreadful a scourge is
quite enough in a lifetime. By taking proper means, I have not
the slightest doubt but that the very worst infected vineries can be
effectually cleansed ; for with all my three years’ experience of it,
I never found that the insect lived more than forty-eight hours
when isolated from the Vine. Indeed, in all the numerous experi-
ments I tried in placing it on other plants than the Vine tribe, it
never lived forty-eight hours; but on the Vine it prospered and
increased with amazing rapidity. I triedit on American varieties,
such as Concord, Isabella, Sombruska, and the result was the same.
There were Camellias, Azaleas, Cacti, Palms, Fuchsias, Pelar-
goniums, &¢c., with various sorts of bedding-plants, in the vineries,
and although their foliage in some cases was put amongst the
infected Vine-leaves and their roots, in other cases running through
their pots into the border amongst the infected Vine-roots, I never
found an insect feeding on any plant except the Vine, and only in
a very few instances did I find them trespassing on any other plant ;
and when I did find them, I usually took them to my office and
placed them carefully under glasses, where I could watch them,
and their life was always cut short within forty-eight hours. I
tried to get it established on various vegetables and fruit-trees, but
it would not feed nor live on them. There were Figs in the
vineries, and the pest never touched them. Consequently my
experience coincides with your own that the Phylloxera will not
deposit its eggs nor live in any other plant but the Vine.

With regard to the eggs, I have kept roots and leaves with
eggs and live insects all through the winter ; but as soon as the,sap
of the leaves and roots were exhausted, the eggs became shrivelled
and never produced live insects. I took pieces of roots infested
VOL. IV. E

50 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

with the insect and placed them in the soil into which clean Vines
were potted, and in fourteen days the roots of the pot-Vine were
swarming with insects.

Before I became sufficiently cognisant of the habits of the little
devourer, the galls quite covered the under sides of hundreds of
the young leaves, and the young wood was perfectly riddled with
holes or punctures into which they had burrowed, feeding on the
sap and depositing their eggs. I could compare their operations on
the young wood to nothing but small-pox, so thick did they puncture
it. The two following years I did not allow it to get ahead much,
for I picked off and burned the infected leaves.

I had the insect nearly as bad in the outside border as inside,
but the borders were’ covered with leaves and strong wooden
shutters from September to May, and were consequently compara-
tively dry and warm. There can be no doubt they thrive best in
dry warm quarters, and they could be easily drowned, but the
difficulty les in getting at them. The small roots were eaten up.
When lifting the Vines, I never found any larger than a thick
quill, and the strong roots were infested up to the collars of the
Vines.

XIV. On the Cultivation of the Olive near Ventimiglia. By Mr.
L. Winter.

[The following information was very kindly obtained by Mr Daniel
Hanbury, F.R.S., for transmission to Natal, by a Fellow of the Society,
It is also printed in the ‘‘ Pharmaceutical Journal ” for September 7, 1872.]

As you wish for a little information on the propagation of the Olive
in this part of Italy, I have drawn up a few remarks which, though
aot containing much that is new, may yet serve to complete or to.
confirm your own observations.

The different kinds of Olive-tree we have in this country may
“be classed under three divisions :—

1. Olivastro, the Wild Olive, Olea europaea, L., grows quite
spontaneous, reproducing itself by seeds and suckers; leaves on
young trees small and oblong—on older trees a little larger and
lanceolate; branches sometimes spiny; fruit small, oblong, and
very bitter. This kind may be regarded as the parent of all the
varieties. .

MR. L. WINTER ON THE CULTIVATION OF TIE OLIVE. 51

2. Varieties reproducing themselves truly by seed, but not so
freely as the Olivastro, and having the fruit less bitter. Under this
head may be placed the following :— |

a. Pignuole.—Branches greyish ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; fruits
when ripe almost round, affordirg an oil of rather strong
flavour. There are hundreds of these trees on the Capo
Martino, near Mentone, quite wild.

8. Columbaire (Genoese dialect).—Branches brownish; leaves
varying in shape, but mostly obtuse; fruit large, somewhat
pointed.

y- Spagnuole.—Fruit more elongated than the . preceding.
These forms, «. 8. y-, vary more or less ¢néer se.

8. Varieties not reproducing themselves truly by seed, but
returning to the Olivastro. That these varieties degenerate when
propagated by seed is the general assertion among the people here ;
but regular experiments have never, I think, been carried on, for
raising the plant by seed is not advantageous, suckers being of
more rapid growth. In this division I would place two varieties,
viz. :—

«, Nilane.—Fruit large, oblong. This occurs in abundance as
far west as Cannes, whence along the whole French coast of
the Mediterranean another Olive with still larger fruit is
cultivated

8B, Punginaire.—This is another variety which we have in this
country. It has long Willow-like leaves, and produces a
very large pointed fruit, chiefly preferred for salting.

The propagation of Olive-trees belonging to this third division
is effected by cleft-grafting on the stem of the Olivastro at about six
inches above the ground. When the scion has taken, earth is
heaped around it, so as to stimulate it to shoot out roots. After
three or four years the little tree begins to fruit, and arrived at an
age of about twenty to twenty-five years, the roots which have
been thrown out by the graft send up suckers, any which come
from those of the parent Oliwastro being of course extirpated.
These suckers, when about two years old, will be strong enough to
bear separation from the parent root and to be planted as independent
trees. Such young trees fruit in three to five years after planting.
When a sucker is thrown out from a large naked: root, it may be
surrounded by a heap of earth, into which it will strike roots, and
in due time may be separated as already explained.

The quality of the oil obtained from the cultivated Olive very

ees ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

much depends on the degree of maturity of the fruit. The riper
the latter the better will be the oil it yields.

Near Marseilles the Olives are gathered in October and Novem-
ber, while they are still unripe, and the oil is consequently of very
inferior quality. This plan of anticipating the crop is adopted on
account of the cold mzstral, which spoils the Olives, sometimes
completely freezing them and rendering them nearly worthless for
oil. To make the trees thicker in foliage, and thus capable of
affording a natural shelter to their fruits, the peasants prune the
tops every year after the gathering. In this district of Italy com-
paratively little pruning is needed, the trees on many properties
being allowed to grow quite au naturel.

About La Mortola and the adjoining district of Latte, as well
as on all the lower slopes of the Riviera, the Olives are frequently
attacked in the month of July by an insect called moschino, which
lays its eggs in the berry. The caterpillar developes itself in
August, finding its nourishment in the pulp of the fruit. Olives
thus infested drop from the trees while not yet fully ripe—that is,
in October, November, and December. On the mountains at some
distance from the sea, the Olives are scarcely at all affected by
these insects; the fruits in consequence attain their perfect
maturity, the crop being gathered between December and May.
The oil yielded by such Olives is very clear and of superior flavour,
and it commands a high price. In proof of this latter fact, I may
remark that the value of the oil produced at Latte contrasted with
that of the mountain village of San Michele at the head of the
valley is ordinarily as three to four, sometimes even as two to three.

XV. Rainfall at Medellin, New Grenada, South America. Lat.
6° 2'N., Longitude 75° 49’ W.
Communicated by Mr. Witson W. Saunpgrs, F.R.S.

As Medellin is a locality from which many plants of horticul-
tural interest have been introduced, the following brief record of
its rainfall will not fail to be of some value as an indication of the
character of the climate. While rain falls during every month of
the year, the months from December to March appear to be the
driest season. It is noticeable, however, that July and August had
less than half the rainfall in 1871 that they had in 1870.

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT CHISWICK. 03

Year 1870. Year 1871.
Months.
Rain in inches. Days. Rain in inches. Days.

January aa bee 3°64 12
Kebruary aad a 3°64 12
March ae asp 5-04 23
April oe ‘th 11°58 23
May 10 41 28 8:17 29
June 8°32 21 5°61 18
July 9.06 25 4°21 17
August 10°85 25 4°50 17
September 6°76 19 ier

October 7°10 23

November 5°97 22

December 3°21 13

Total rainfall during the year 1870, May Ist, to 1871, May Ist,
85°58 inches, which fell on 246 days.

XVI. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticul-
tural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick by W. Srinxs. Reduced
by R. Srracuan, Meteorological Office.

Tux readings of the barometers and thermometers are all corrected
for instrumental errors (which have been ascertained at the Kew
Observatory), and those of the barometer are reduced to the tem-
perature of 32° Fah., and to mean sea-level.

The rain gauge is 25 feet above sea-level.

The temperature of evaporation is regularly observed, but is not
given here. It has been considered preferable to give the dew-
point, which has been calculated from this observation by means of
Glaisher’s factors.

The figures denoting the estimated force of the wind signify as
follows :—1, light air; 2, light breeze; 8, gentle breeze; 4, mode-
rate breeze ; 5, fresh breeze ; 6, strong breeze; 7, moderate gale;
8, fresh gale; 9, strong gale; 10, whole gale; 11, storm; 12,
hurricane.

The notations of weather are, for brevity, expressed by letters
which signify as follows :—b, blue sky ; c, detached clouds ; 0, over-
east; f, fog; m, mist; r, rain; h, hail; s, snow; d, drizzle ;
p, passing showers; q, squalls; t, thunder; 1, lightning. A letter
repeated denotes intensity.

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ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

54

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METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT CIIISWICK.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

‘I. On the Production of meget Translated in Abstract from a Memoir Py.

. nee B.A. , BB... FTB 0.00235, .b0>soneesnskero se systy ie mec gs ae ae

II. On the Fertilisation of Grasses. By J. (Bivona aii, ne Di; FLL, s. are Ti

III. On Recent Progress in the Scientific Aspects of Horticulture. By W. 1) ie 4 Ke iE
TuisELTON Dyer, B.A., B.Sc., Professor of Botany to the Royal sige cy

tural Sochety ...3..scecccvescvesscconsaescsbaseceqssssabucbeoaeppeubeyiphs shin ttI ii—————n Dee:

IVY. The Relative Influence of Parentage in lowe Plants. By J. Divs,

a

DED ln Susie e ilskpasbeensvescnarcsdsd tos lepbe ses uname diese anata 16
V. Ona iiscncuiter for Taking Temperature at the Roots of Plants, By aah i
J AMUS ATTATS BI, ERS: cseckscneclesvs soos obent votes eee Eneaeees eee ee relivareepehhee
VI. Ona Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer. By James Guaisuer, F.R.S. ..... 3
VII. On Dracena and Cordyline. By J. G. Baxer, F.L.S., Assistant Curator of — ‘
the Kew Herbaritim..... scs.sssssdes., cseesessevoeissaestartiovssn ane
VIII. Do Flies eat Pollen? By Atrrep W. Bauaee M.A, BSe., ELS. coal 0.
_ IX. Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction ...............- vo overess Sop EEA
X. Report of the Professor of Botany ......cssscecessessecees soescuseeenescanensesesee
XI. On Pteris serrulato-tremula. By Tahicds Moors, F.L. S. - Floral Director
the Royal Horticultural Society (with Plate V.).......:0...secssessceeee:
XII. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Lilies nae their

XIt. Note on Phiyjidiinort vastatrix. By Mr, Matcoimm Dunn ... Rai :
XIV. On the Cultivation of the Olive near Ventimiglia. By Mr. L. Wine aR.
XV, Rainfall at Medellin, New Grenada, South America. Communicated db

XVI. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticultural
Gardens, Chiswick, by W. Srinxs. Reduced by R. beni
logical OMG hore ee yebeee aches ape cokes colt vegh tay Sis heme tts

Extracts from Eyciesedivees of the ms Horticultural Society,
laneous Matter ............... Me Maine ncks niece

ADVERTISEMENT.

Fellows and Correspondents of the Society are invited to cor .
for this Journal, under cover, to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Sib
borough, or Prof. Thiselton Dyer, Royal Hort. Soc., a

yee VW Pe eats Fr Gray Herbarium

— January 19, 1874. Harvatd University
ol. IV.] [Part 14.
THE
JOURNAL
OF THE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

NEW SERI E. S.
VOLUME IV.

EDITED BY
AND

a THISELTON DYER, M.A., B.Sc, F.LS.,

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY TO THE SOCIETY.

LONDON:
‘RANKEN & CO, DRURY HOUSE,
| bie ST, MARY-LE-STRAND.
aes 1874,
———
par 4:

UD eet fret

et,

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 57

XVII. Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick, 1873. By
Tuomas Moors, F.L.S., Floral Director R.H.S.

Tue subjects specially examined by the Floral Committee during
the summer of 1873, for the purpose of ascertaining the merits of
the novelties submitted for trial, were Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Pentstemons, and Phloxes. The Pelargoniums, with the exception
of the salmon-coloured and white varieties (which according to the
previous instructions of the Committee were grown in pots), were
tried as bedding plants, the Fuchsias as decorative pot-plants, and
the Pentstemons and Phloxes as border flowers. As in former
Reports the mark *** indicates the highest quality, and the award
of these marks is thus regarded as equivalent to that of a First-
class Certificate. It should also be explained that the names of
persons given in parentheses, after the name of the variety, indicate
the donors of the plants, who are not necessarily, or in all cases,
the raisers.

PELARGONIUMS AS Brepprne Puanrs.
Golden-variegated Zonals (Golden Tricolors).

Of the older sorts Amy Richards, Louisa Smith, and Iaecbeth
proved to be varieties of first-class merit, and to be the three most
distinct of the stronger-growing sorts, whilst Florence was the best
in the dwarfer group. The following sorts were tried for the first
time as bedders :—

Beautiful for Ever (Kk. G. Henderson) ***. Bright shining foliage,
with broad very bright red zone, and very little green; a very
good variety.

Col. Loyd Lindsay (KH. G. Henderson) ***. Leaves flat, rounded ;
zone bright rosy-red, of moderate breadth, with even golden
margin; moderately vigorous.

Countess of Hnmskillen (K. G. Henderson) ***. Leaves large,
the centre greyish; the zone rosy-red, irregularly vandyked,
with broad edge of creamy yellow ; habit vigorous.

Madonna (HK. G. Henderson) ***. Leaves with broad zone of deep
bronzy red, and narrow edge of yellow ; bold and good.

Oriental (EK. G. Henderson) ***. Flat foliage, with broad zone of
very bright red ; a moderate grower, and very effective.

Peter Grieve (EK. G. Henderson) ***, Leaves large, flat, with fiery
orange-red zone, and broadish margin of yellow ; telling.

Vol. IV. F

58 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Princess Lowise (K. G. Henderson) ***, Leaves large, flat, with
medium edge of yellow, and broad zone of orange-red;
effective.

Beautiful Star (E. G. Henderson). Leaves broad, flat, with broad
zone of deep crimson-red.

Countess of Ashburnham (EK. G. Henderson). Leaves large, with
rather narrow zone; tolerably effective ; strong vigorous habit.
Countess of Flanders (W. Paul). Leaves flat, shining, with narrow
golden margin, and very broad and bright-coloured zone ; mode-

rate grower; a new variety, and first-rate in quality.

Howarth Aston (E. G. Henderson). Leaves even, with the
colours clearly defined; zone broad, very bright red; a really
fine variety of moderate growth.

Reindeer (K. G. Henderson). Leaves small, uneven; zone narrow,

but bright and telling ; moderate grower.

W. E. Gladstone (K. G. Henderson). Leaves broad; very bright
zone, tolerably even ; a good grower, and effective.

Zodiac variegata (Webster). Strong-growing variety, with bright
colours; the zone narrow for the size of the plant.

Many other sorts were received and planted, but being sent in
late, they did not make satisfactory growth, and are reserved
for another season. The following were discarded as bedding
sorts :—Achievement, Allan-a-dale, Andalusia, Antagonist, Oartha-
gena, Chimborazo, Coronet, Crown Jewel, Defiance, Donna Maria,
Estelle, Hong Kong, Jetty Lacy, Julia, Lucretia Borgia, Mary
Hadwin, Miss Batters, Mrs. Dunnett, Oxonian, Queen of Hearts,
Queen of Tricolors, Queen Victoria, Ruby King, Saragossa, Shadow
Dance, Solfaterre, Sparkler, Starlight, Zodiac variegata.

Silver-variegated Zonals (Siiver Tricolors).

Circassian Beauty (Hodgson) ***, Leaves small, with very bright
pink zone; free and good; covers tolerably well, being of close
growth.

Fair Rosamond (KE. G. Henderson) ***. Leaves well developed,
and of good colour.

Lass 0 Gowrie (K. G. Henderson) ***, Leaves of medium size,
rather crumpled, with very broad and bright zone, and creamy-
white edge ; very effective.

Fascination (EK. G. Henderson). Leaves large, flat, with broad
cream-coloured edge, and narrow bright red zone ; distinct. and
good both in habit and quality.

The following varieties of this group were discarded as bedding

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 59

plants:—Baron Ricasoli, Caroline Longfield, Clorinda, Emma
Chater, Fascination, Felicity, Landseer, Mabel Morris, Mayflower,
Mrs. Masters, Miss Burdett-Coutts, Miss Farren, Mysterious Night,
Pet of the Flock, Startler.

Silver-margined.

Among the older sorts, Albion’s Cliffs was considered the best
amongst the larger and stronger-growing varieties; and Flower of
Spring the best of the dwarf compact-growing creamy-edged
sorts. Miss Kingsbury and Silver Chain were also noted as varieties
of the first order, the former with-cerise-scarlet and the latter with
rosy-tinted flowers. The following were grown for the first time :—
Golden Brilhkantissima (H. Park) ***. A form of the old Brillant,

of compact growth, with the leaves irregularly edged with yellow

and creamy-white ; flowers very freely produced, of a brilliant
orange-scarlet ; remarkable for its mixed gold and silver varie-
gation.

Laura (Bland) ***, Inthe way of Albion’s Cliffs, but more erect ; .
strong grower and rather coarse ; leaves with brownish-red zone
and cream-coloured margin; bears large trusses of pale scarlet
flowers.

In this group White Lady and Waltham Bride, both dwarf sorts,
were retained for their white flowers; while the following were
discarded :—Alma, Brilliant, Maitre d’ Hotel, Mrs. Lenox, Mountain
of Snow, Pearl, Princess Alexandra, Snowflake, Variegated Stella. °

Golden-leaved.

In this section the Committee decided that both Creed’s Seedling
and Crystal Palace Gem retained the high character they had
already received. The former was subsequently noted as the best
of the purely golden-leaved sorts. The Crystal Palace Gem is of
spreading habit, and its golden-tinted leaves have a central green
patch ; it is in the way of Cloth of Gold, but smoother.

Bronze Zonals.

‘A very useful group for bedding purposes, but amongst the
varieties of which there is necessarily great similarity. Among the
good sorts of older date, the Committee specially approved Waréchal
MacMahon and Black Douglas, and Rev. C. C. Peach was noted as of
strong and rather coarse habit. The novelties included the
following :—

Golden Harry Hreover (EK. G. Henderson) ***,- Dwarf spreading
| F 2

60 ROYAL HORTICURTURAL SOCIETY.

habit, with small cupped foliage of a bright greenish-yellow,

with narrow dark zone; very free and good; flowers pale scarlet.

This is very distinct in habit from the ordinary Bronze Zonals,

being much less vigorous, and altogether of smaller growth.

Crown Prince (Acton) ***, Leaves even, bright yellow, with
broad bright dark-brown zone; small pale scarlet flowers; a
favourite with the market florists; habit neat.

Emperor of Brazil (Downie & Co.) ***. Free grower of compact
habit; leaves greenish-yellow, with broad dark-brown zone
and narrow margin; the leaves are inclined to cup.

Kreelight (Carter & Co.) ***. ‘Leaves of moderate size, even,
clear yellow, with very broad bright reddish zone, and narrow,
even edge; habit very compact ; flowers salmon-coldtr. A really .
first-class variety.

Mrs. Elliott (Downie & Co.) ***. Leaves yellow, with bright
bronzy zone. ;

Reine Victoria (EK. G. Henderson) ***, Leaves large, flat, bright
yellow edge of medium width, and broad bright red-brown
zone ; the marking bold and effective.

The following new and old varieties were discarded from this
group :—Admirable, Admiral Englefield, Admiration, Anthony,
Beauty, Beauty of Wolverstone, Bronze Queen, Caliban, Cleopatra,
Columbia, Columbine, Crimson-crown Canary, Criterion, Dread-
nought, Earl Ross, Karl Rosslyn, Gut wi? Gold, High Admiral,
Inimitable, James Richards, Jubilee, Kentish Hero, Lady Fuller,
DP Africaine, Maid of Honour, Maid of Kent, Master Leonard, May-
day, Midas, Miss Beatrice, Urs. Reid, Northern Star, Patty, Plutus,
Rev. F. Radelyffe, Royalty, St. John’s Wood Star, Sybil, W. R.
Morris.

Pink-flowered.

Several new varieties of this section were tried, of which the
following were approved :—

Amaranth (Pearson) ***. Free habit; leaves green; flowers deep
rosy-pink, almost magenta, medium-sized ; large trusses on very
long stalks.

Bella (Carter) ***. Leaves green; flowers bright rose-pink, with
white blotch on upper petals ; very pleasing and effective.

Cleopatra (Barrett) ***. Free spreading habit, and free-flowering ;
leaves green; flowers bright rose-pink, self-coloured, on long
stalks, abundant.

Evans’ Seedling (Evans) ***, Dwarf compact habit, with zoned

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 61

leaves; in the way of Welbeck Nosegay, but of closer and

smaller growth; flowers bright rose-pink, with white blotch on

upper petals; very free bloomer, and very bright-looking.

Mrs. Haliburton (Bland) ***. Growth free but compact; leaves
green ; flowers rose-pink, self-coloured ; in the way of Christine,
but an improvement on that fine old sort.

Welbeck Nosegay (Tillery) ***. Compact free-growing habit;
leaves dark-zoned, slightly cupped; flowers abundant, large,
bright deep rosy-pink, with white blotch on the upper petals ;
good.

The following were discarded for bedding purposes :—Bronze-
pink Nosegay, Cannell’s Pink, Caroline, Christine Nosegay, Delight,
Fried Zehnbauer, Master Christine, Memnon, Urs. Lowe, Penelope,
Pink Stella, Progress, Rose Bradwardine, Rose Peach, Rose
Rendatler, Surpasse Beauté du Suresnes, Surpasse Christine.

Scarlet and cerrse-flowered, &e.

The following varieties were selected for approbation, namely :—

Begere (Downie & Co.) ***. Habit vigorous; leaves with broad
and moderately-dark zone ; flowers bright scarlet, in very large
trusses ; one of the nosegay race.

Chunder Sen (E. G. Henderson) ***. Habit vigorous; leaves
lobed, with narrow vandyked zone ; flowers very bright orange-
scarlet, fine.

Dr. Livingstone (Carter) ***. Of moderately vigorous habit ;
leaves flat, broad, with a medium zone; flowers very bright
scarlet, large, and of fine quality.

Don Giovanni (W. Paul) ***. Of free habit; leaves with broad,
darkish zone; flowers scarlet with white eye, of fine form and
high quality.

Forest Hill Nosegay (Downie & Co.) see A most exquisite
variety, of free dwarfish compact habit, with the leaves lobed
and faintly zonate; flowers abundant in large trusses, rosy-
salmon, paler down the centre of the petals.

Of other sorts which were considered as meritorious, the fol-
lowing deserve to be particularly mentioned :— Warrior, Punch,
Excellent, - Vesuvius, Jean Sisley, Lucius, Bayard, Soleil, and
Waltham Seedling, all well-known varieties, were regarded as
standard sorts of their respective colours and habits. A few others
which appeared good may he briefly noticed :—

62 - ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Grand Duke (G. Smith). Of vigorous habit, with faintly-zoned
leaves, and flowers of a light scarlet colour.

H. M. Stanley (George). Good.

Mercy Grogan (EK. G. Henderson). Of free habit, with the leave
zonate, and the flowers scarlet with a white eye; good.

Mrs. Vincent (Pearson). Good; the flowers of a light crimson.

ftichard Dean (K. G. Henderson). Of vigorous growth, with zonate
leaves, the flowers large, bright scarlet with white eye, in fine
bold trusses.

Sir Thomas More (Denny). A fine variety, with bold, well-formed
scarlet flowers.

Stanstead Rival (Downie & Co.). Of moderately vigorous spreading
habit, leaves faintly zoned, flowers rich rosy-scarlet.

Wellington (Denny). Good; bold habit, and fine flowers.

The number of high-coloured Bedding Pelargoniums has now
become so overwhelming that the Committee was led to give its
attention to the expurgation of varieties which in its opinion were
not equal to others of similar character. The result of the scrutiny
was, that the following sorts were struck out of the list of sorts to
be cultivated at Chiswick. It is at the same time to be noted that
many good varieties will be found amongst those thus set aside,
simply because the lists are overcrowded:—

Acquisition, Alfred, Amabilis, Archbishop of Paris, Ascendant, Atalanta.

Beauty of Chesterfield, Boule de Feu.

Caven Fox, Cecilia, Champion Nosegay, Charles Rouillard, Circulator,
Claude Lorraine, Claudius, Commissioner, Commodore Nutt, Comtesse
de Montfort, Constance Nivelet, Countess of Strathmore, Czarevna.

David Garrick, Deuwil de la Lorraine, Diana, Douglas Pearson, Dr.
Hogg, Dr. Lindley, Dr. Tait.

Eclipse, Eleanor, Emperor of the French, Enchantress, Etna.

fairy Queen, Fiery Star, Fred. George.

Géant des Batailles, General, George Peabody, Gorgeous.

Harry George, Hector, Hotspur,

Juno.

King of the Forest, King of the Nosegays.

Lady Derby, Lady Lousa Egerton, Lady Middleton, Lady Palmerston,
L’ Etincellante, Le Foulet, Le Grand, Le Zouave, Lina Bourtrand, Lord
Falkland, Lucifer.

Madame Lousset, Magnet, Maréchal MacMahon, Mdlle. Nillson, Miss
Sanders, Mons. Debut, Mons. Gallaud, Mr. Gladstone, Mrs. Adams, Mrs
A, Pirie, Mrs. Eden, Mrs. Goodford, Mrs, Menzies.

Nicholas Boulanger, Nora.

Othello, Overall.

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 63

Paquette, Payne’s Perpetual, Payne’s Pink, President Grey, Pride of
Osberton, Progress.

Rainbow, Rev, J. Dix, Robert Bowley, Robinson Crusoe.

Sambo, Sir R. Napier, Sir T. More, Startler, Stella, Sultan, Sydney
Turner.

The Champion, Thomas Speed, Troubadour.

Velocipede, Victor, Victor de Puebla, Vulcan.

Waltham Nosegay, William Hill.

Marbled-leaved Zonals (Fancy Zonals).

This group, distinguished by the marbled-green of its leaf-
blades, and the pale stripings of its stems and flower-stalks, has
received an addition of some merit, namely :—

Kate Creed (Creed). A free blooming variety of good quality,
the leaves marked, in addition to the marbling, with avery dark
zone varied in hue, and the flowers being of a light reddish-
scarlet. ;

From this group Hotspur and Zodiac were thrown out.

Lvy-leaved.

About a dozen varieties of this group were bedded out with but
partial success. Peltatum elegans was very pretty, with deep rosy-
lilac flowers of good form. Duke of Edinburgh and Ariosta were
the same or indistinguishable. Argus was of vigorous habit, and
had dark zoned leaves and rose-coloured flowers. Dolly Varden
had the golden-green leaves marked with a bronzy zone.

PrLarGconiums As Por Prants.

It having been found, after several years’ experience, that the
Pelargoniums of the salmon-coloured class especially, were not
adapted for bedding purposes, while they were known to be ex-
ceedingly ornamental as pot plants, the Floral Committee decided
last year not to grow them and the allied kinds again in the open
beds, but to institute a trial under glass. This was accordingly
done, and with the results indicated below, the whites and the
ocellate varieties—those, that is, with pale colours spotted near the
centre or eye—being also included in the trial.

Marks of merit were awarded to but one variety, which proved
still more beautiful as a pot plant than it had as a bedder,
namely :-—_

64 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Forest Hill Nosegay (Downie & Co.) #**. Remarkably free in
growth, without the least coarseness ; leaves lobed and slightly
zonate ; flowers very freely produced in large trusses, of a bright
orange-tinted salmon shading off, the centre of the petals being
paler, with a bluish flush ; very handsome.

The following annotated sorts were selected as the best of the
different shades of colour, the notes being made from the plants as
grown under glass. The varieties considered to be the best of the
respective shades of colour were selected to be retained in cultiva-
tion, and the rest were discarded :—

Salmon-coloured and ocellate sorts.

Belle Esquimoise (Fraser). Very large, flowers of fine shape;
white with pink centre; extra good.

Dr. Newham (EK. G. Henderson). One of the marbled or fancy
set; habit spreading ; leaves with pale centre ; flowers abundant
in neat trusses, of good shape, rosy-salmon; good.

Emily Licau (Bull). Leaves with dark. zone; flowers in compact
trusses, neat, deep orange-tinted salmon; good.

Eugene Meézard (Veitch). Leaves zoned; flowers in compact
moderate-sized trusses, salmon-pink with white eye; good.

Gloire de Corbeny (Fraser). Leaves with dark zone; flowers in
long-stalked trusses, bright deep orange-salmon, pale at the
edge; good.

Hogarth (Bull.) Leaves zoned; flowers in close trusses, of a deep
orange-salmon colour; good.

Hlortensia (Fraser). Leaves zonate ; flowers very freely produced,
in large trusses, delicate pink with paler centre, not unlike a
Hydrangea in appearance; good.

La Fontaine (Low). ‘Leaves zonate; flowers free, in neat trusses,
deep salmon-orange; good.

Le Prophet (Fraser). Of dwarfish habit; the leaves zoned;
flowers pink with deep salmon eye; good.

Madame Van Houtte (F. & A. Smith). Leaves zonate ; flowers
veiny blush, with a conspicuous ring of scarlet around the eye ;
vood.

Mons. C. Rowillard (EK. G. Henderson). Leaves zonate ; flowers
flat, in neat trusses, finely-shaped, deep salmon with deeper
eye; good. |

President Thiers (K. G. Henderson). Leaves zonate; flowers
large, in neat trusses, decp orange-salmon ; good. |

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 65

Princess Alice (Downie & Co.). Of dwarf, neat habit ; the leaves
zoned ; flowers white with bright scarlet eye ; good.

Polly King (G. Smith). Leaves zonate; flowers large, in large
compact trusses, salmon-pink with white eye.

Queen of Beauties (F. & A. Smith). Leaves darkly zonate ;
flowers large, in large close trusses, blush with deep salmon
centre; good. |

fiemus (W. Paul). Of neat habit, the leaves zonate; flowers in
fine compact trusses, of excellent shape, white with salmon eye ;
very good.

Renown (Bull). Leaves darkly zonate; flowers in good compact
trusses, deep orange-salmon; good, better-shaped than Hmily
Lncau.

Withelmina Weick (W. Paul). Leaves zonate; flowers large,
in large bold trusses ; blush with pink centre; good.

The discarded sorts in this group, for this purpose, were the
following:—Acme, Amelina Grisau, Baron Haussmann, Baron
Rothsehild, Cherub, Emblem, Emilie Carr, Eugeme, Harlequin, Helene
de Nadallac, Jean Valgeans, Laxton’s Seedling, Madame Lemoine,
Mons. Barre, Mons. Rudolph Abbel, Miss Louisa Pyne, Pandora,
Princess Mary, Rosebud, Seraph, Stella, Vestal.

W hite-flowered.

Miss Collingwood (Pearson). One of the marble-leaved or fancy
group, and very effective; leaves zonate; flowers large, of good
form, blush-white, growing in neat trusses.

Purity (Bull). Leaves zonate; flowers large, pure white ; good.

The Bride (Veitch). Leaves zonate ; flowers large and freely pro-
duced, of a faint blush-white; good. )

Virgo Maria (Fraser). Leaves zonate; flowers white; tall
growing.

White Clipper (Fraser). Leaves zonate, bright green, with faint
zone ; flowers large, in good trusses, in the way of Virgo Maria,
but of better shape, the lower petals being less open; good.

White Princess (KE. G. Henderson). Of dwarf habit, with the leaves
zonate ; flowers in neat compact trusses, pure white.

White Swan (Downie & Co.). Leaves zonate; flowers of good
form, on long-stalked trusses, pure white.

The following sorts were discarded as being similar, but inferior
to the foregong:—. G. Henderson, Madame Martha Vincent,

White Perfection.

66 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Fucustas.

Many of the varieties forming the trial collection were received
last year, but so late or in so weak a condition that they were
not fairly represented at the time the Committee made its exami-
nation. They were accordingly grown again this year from young
plants, and the following notes may be regarded as supplementary
to those published last year ( Journ., N.S., vol. iii., p. ex.—exviii.).
The approved varieties are placed first — |
Alpha (G. Smith) ***, Habit free and good, very free-flowering ; ;

bright carmine tube and sepals, the tubes short and slender, the

sepals very broad and short; corolla of immense size, very
double, clear violet ; one of the very best.

Avalanche (G. Smith) ***. Habit rather sparse and not very
free; tubes small, sepals very short and broad for the size of
the flower, light rosy-red; corolla white, exceedingly double
and large, and of fine form.

Avalanche (EK. G. Henderson) ***. Habit good and free; tube
slender, sepals broad, deflexed, scarlet; corolla deep, full,
and even, dark violet-purple ; a fine bold variety.

Blue Beauty (Servis) **. Habit good, compact, free-flowering ; tube
short, sepals broad and short, reflexed, light red ; corolla large,
very double, clear purple.

Crown Prince of Prussia (Veitch) ***, Habit dwarf and free, and
a free bloomer ; flowers large, the tube bulged, the sepals broad,
scarlet; corolla prominent, dark violet-purple, reddish at the
base ; good. ;

Delight (Smith) ***. Habit excellent, and a free bloomer, of first-
class merit for decorative or exhibition purposes; tube and
sepals clear crimson, the latter sufficiently reflexed ; corolla very
large, pure white, with a few rosy streaks near the base. A
really good variety, the best of its class.

La Favourite (Veitch) ***, Habit first-class ; tube and sepals well
proportioned, the latter reflexed, scarlet; corolla large and of
good substance, well expanded, light violet. A very free-
flowering and good variety.

LT’ Empereur (Cannell) **. Habit dwarf and floriferous ; tube and
sepals scarlet ; corolla single, white.

Lustre (Downie & Co.) **. Not of free habit ; Aion with lush
recurved sepals, and deep-red compact colic Approved for
its colour.

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 67

Noblesse (Veitch) ***. Habit good and free; flowers with bright
crimson-scarlet tube and sepals, the former slender, the latter
spreading ; corolla deep maroon. The darkest-coloured in the
collection, and of first-class quality.

Rhoderick Dhu (KE. G. Henderson) ***, Habit good; tube and
sepals bright scarlet, the latter well reflexed; corolla expanded,
lavender blue. -

Schiller ***, abit somewhat loose; flowers large, the tube and
broad-spreading sepals white-green at the tip; corolla clear
rosy-purple, with white feather at the base.

Starlight (G. Smith) ***, A fine variety, not sufficiently known.
It has the same habit and the same free-flowering character as
Lady Heytesbury, bat the corolla is of a bright crimson lake.
It is really a first-class Fuchsia.

Victor (Bull) **. Habit strong and compact; very bright
scarlet tube and sepals, the latter not much reflexed ; corolla of
immense size, but coarse and irregular, pale purple, changing to
reddish-purple. Not a very desirable Fuchsia.

Wawe of Life (Veitch) ***. Habit compact and good ; leaves pale
yellow at the points; tube and sepals bright scarlet, broad and
reflexed : corolla prominent, intense violet, of good substance. A
distinct and really good Fuchsia.

Weeping Beauty (Veitch) ***. Habit dwarf, free, and good;
flowers medium-sized, tube rather bulged, sepals broadish, bright
erimson-scarlet ; corolla moderately expanded, rich deep purple.
A very fine Fuchsia.

White Perfection (KE. G. Henderson) ***, Habit good, floriferous,
and drooping ; tube and sepals long and narrow, blush-white ;
corolla large, lake-crimson and rose.

The following sorts were also included in the collection :—

Alba coccinea (E.G. Henderson). Of bad habit, but pretty; tube
bright red, sepals white tipped with green; corolla pale rose
shaded with lake carmine and crimson; very distinct and free-
flowering. |

Albert Memorial (KE. G. Henderson). Habit rather straggling, and

_ not very free-flowering ; tube small, sepals broad, short ; corolla
large double, but irregular, violet, changing to reddish-violet.

Anme Hoste (F. & A. Smith). Habit compact, free-flowering ;
tube small, sepals short and broad, well reflexed, bright scarlet ;
corolla very double and large, light violet, heavily streaked and
blotched with red.

68 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCTETY.

Aucubafolia (KH. G. Henderson). Habit good; leaves pale green,
thickly blotched with white, very distinct; tube and sepals
dull red, not reflexed; corolla purplish-red. Really worth
growing, but requires to be grown freely to bring out its
characters.

Lrilliantissima (Downie & Co). In every respect the same as
Lustre.

Cedo Nulli (Veitch). Free-blooming, and of good habit, but not a
very desirable variety ; tube small, sepals bright scarlet ; corolla
violet, soon changing to reddish-violet.

Currosity (E. G. Henderson). Of good habit, and tolerably free-
flowering ; tube small, sepals very large, pale red; corolla large
but irregular, bright purple shaded at the base with red; foliage
pale olive-green, distinct.

Deutscher Kaiser (Downie and Co.). Habit strong, drooping, and
straggling ; very large bright-red tube and sepals; corolla very
large and double, purplish-red; flowers produced in huge
bunches.

Dominiana (EK. G. Henderson). A vigorous-growing hybrid, now
well-known. It is very distinct and handsome, and best adapted
for planting out in a cool conservatory.

Emperor of Brazil (Veitch). Habit good, branching, and free-
flowering; tube short and small, sepals broad, not reflexed ;
corolla large, light purple with blotches of rose near the base.

General Chingarnier (Lady Parker). Habit very robust, with
immense bunches of flowers at the end of the branches; tube
and sepals pale rose; corolla bright rose, comparatively small.
It stands well in the open ground. |

General Werder (Downie and Co.). Habit branching and free-
flowering, but not desirable; tube and sepals red; corolla pale
violet, thin, and not good.

Golden Mantle (EK. G. Henderson). Good yellow foliage.

Golden Treasure (Veitch). Leaves yellow, changing to dull green ;
worthless as a flowering plant.

George Felton (Veitch). Habit good and exceedingly free-
flowering ; tube and sepals dull rose, not reflexed ; corolla light
but dull crimson. :

Harry Williams (E. G. Henderson). Habit robust, compact, and
free-flowering ; tube small, sepals very broad and short, not re-
flexed, bright shining scarlet; corolla clear light violet with
silvery margin; very double and of good form. A variety quite
worth growing.

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 69

John Fraser (Fraser). Habit compact and very free-flowering ;
tube and sepals very bright scarlet, broad, horizontal, not re-
flexed ; corolla large, well-formed, very dark violet shaded with
black.

Kithecrankie (K. G. Henderson). Habit compact, excellent; tube
and sepals bright-red, the former small, the latter large, broad,
short, reflexed ; corolla very large and smooth, of a beautiful blue ;
free. One of the best single Fuchsias grown, and the most attractive
in the collection.

King of the Fuchsias (K. G. Henderson). A bad grower and not
free; flowers fine, but quite superseded by Williecrankie.

Lucy Mills (Veitch). Free-flowering, with the habit of Fazrest of
the Fair ; flowers small; tube and sepals blush-white; corolla
light lake margined with rose-crimson.

Marguerita (4%. G. Henderson). Free-flowering and first-rate in
habit ; sepals and tube blush-white, the sepals broad and well-re-
flexed; corolla rather small, bright mauve edged with rosy-
lake.

May Queen (F.& A. Smith). The exact counterpart of Starlight
in every respect, except that the colour of the corolla is a very
bright pure lake.

Meteor (Edmonds). Habit very robust; the foliage at t he ends
of all the branches is of a bright red, rendering the plant very
distinct and effective; flowers with bright red tube and sepals,
and purplish- -red corolla. It is a splendid variety for planting
out in a conservatory.

Minme Banks (Ki. G. ewes Habit good, free-flowering,
distinct ; tube and sepals white tinged with rose, the sepals
short, saith and reflexed ; the corolla clear pale purple; good.

Mrs. Shirley Hibberd (F. & A. Smith). Habit compact and
branching ; flowers with the tube and sepals white tinged with
rose; the corolla a bright lake margined with crimson. Nota
desirable Fuchsia. ;

Pillar of Gold (EK. G. Henderson). A small grower, of tolerably
good habit; the leaves pale green edged and streaked with
yellow ; flowers small, with red tube and sepals, and purple
corolla.

Princess Beatrice (EK. G. Henderson). Habit very compact and
robust, and a free-flowerer ; tube very short, stout, and, as well
as the sepals, blush-white; corolla small, of good shape, light
lake margined with rosy vermilion; flowers altogether short
and stout.

70 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Queen of Summer (F. & A. Smith). The same in every respect as
Fairest of the Fair.

Regalia (R. H. §.). Leaves of a bright golden hue with red
veins; very distinct, but a weak grower.

Sedan (Downie & Co.). Habit excellent and exceedingly flori-
ferous ; tube and sepals very bright scarlet, the latter well pro-
portioned and reflexed ; corolla large and of fine form, scarlet-
lake. A very showy and first-rate variety.

Symbol (Bull). Habit lanky, bad; tube and sepals bright scarlet ; °
corolla very large and double, creamy-white. A splendid flower,
but not of desirable habit.

Sunray (G. Smith). Habit compact and branching; tube and
sepals light red; corolla purplish-red; small flowers, not
reflexed. A good grower, and distinct in foliage, which is of a
light-green colour, variegated with cream-colour and flushed
with rose.

Sultan (Veitch). Habit robust, but not desirable, and not a very
free-bloomer ; tube short and stout, and with the reflexed sepals
bright scamok corolla net purple, changing early to reddish-
purple.

Striata perfecta (Veitch). Very free-flowering, but the corolla is
ragged.

Try-me-O (E. G. Henderson). Habit compact and dwarf, exceed-
ingly free-flowering, and a great favourite with growers for
market; tube and sepals bright red; corolla bright violet shaded
at the bids with red.

Triumphant (Veitch). Habit free, good, free-flowering; tube
slender, sepals broad and short, turned-up, both pale red; corolla
very large, double, shaded with red at the base. |

Taghoni (Veitch). Habit good, but not by any means a desirable
variety ; the stout tube and sepals, which are not reflexed, white
stained with rose; the corolla lake margined with crimson.

Vainqueur de Puebla (Veitch). This variety retains its high
character as a free-blooming and exceedingly useful decorative
plant. ,

War Eagle (E. G. Henderson). Habit compact, branching, good ;
tube very short, sepals small, much reflexed, light scarlet ;
corolla much expanded, bright violet, rather thin ; a variety
quite worth growing.

Water Nymph (EK. G. Henderson). Habit compact, free-flowering,

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 71

tube very short and stout, sepals medium size, rosy white ;
corolla small, bright crimson.

White Kagle (E. G. Henderson). Habit good, but by no means a
desirable variety; tubes and sepals large, bright shining crimson,
very badly shaped ; corolla large, white but not pure, and striped
with crimson. |

The following is a selection of good and distinct varieties made
by Mr. W. Spinks, while foreman at Chiswick and in charge of the
plants above described :—

Sepals and tube white, corolla contrasting.

Arabella—free
Lady Heytesbury—free + dissimilar.
Starlight—free

May Queen-—late.

Minne Banks—distinct.

Water Nymph—for colour.

Sepals and tube scarlet, corolla white.
Delight—largest single and best.
Conspicua—free good single.
Puritani—for habit and free-flowering.
Alexandrina—extra bright tube and sepals.

Avalanche—double, very large
Enchantress—double, free-flowering i not of good habit.

Sepals and tube scarlet, corolla dark.

Killiecrankie—the most perfect form.
Noblesse—the darkest.

Weeping Geauty—dark and very fine.

Wave of Life—distinct in foliage and good.
Sedan—the best-formed red-purple.
Monarch—very large and long, distinct.

PHLOXES.

A considerable collection of these showy summer border flowers
was contributed by Messrs. Downie Laird and Laing, Mr. Parker,
Messrs. F. and A. Smith, and Messrs. Veitch and Sons; and from
amongst these the following, in addition to those reported on last
year, were selected as deserving of special notice :—

Carl Klein (¥F. & A. Smith) ***. Rosy-lilac with crimson eye.

72 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Dame Blanche (Ki. G. Henderson) ***. White with -pale rosy eye,
the pips large.

Lady Hulse (Parker) ***. Bright rosy-purple.

Le Inon (Downie & Co.) ***. Lilac with crimson ring around
the eye; the later flowers striped and tipped with crimson.

Mons. Taillard (Veitch) ***. Bright rosy-salmon with dark eye ;
brighter than Lothar.

Mons. W. Bull (Downie & Co.) ***. Lilac, with white blotches.
at the base of each segment forming a radiating white eye.

Rot des Roses (Downie & Co.) ***. Bright rosy crimson with
carmine eye.

A. F. Barron (Downie & Co.). Light rose with bold deep
crimson’eye ; fine.

Chanzy (Downie & Co.). Approved last year, and considered
equally good this.

Deliverance (Downie & Co.). In the way of A. F. Barron, but with
smaller crimson eye; good. |

Flora McNab (Downie & Co.). Pale rosy-pink with large con-
spicuous crimson eye; good.

Lothar (Parker). This, which was one of the best of last year’s
selection, proved equally good on this occasion.

Madame Van Houtte (Downie & Co). White with large rosy-
purple eye; good.

Mr. Forbes (Parker). Pure white; this bloomed well late in the
season (September). .

Retour dela Fortune (Downie & Co). Lilac with bold radiate
white centre ; large and good.

Souvenir des Ternes (Downie & Co.). Blush-white with large rosy-
purple spot at the base of the segments ; large and good.

PENTSTEMONS.

Some of the varieties of this fine border flower did not come into
flower till late in the season, after the visits of the Committee had
been made. Most of those here noticed would, no doubt, have
received the highest marks of merit had they bloomed sufficiently
early to have been brought under notice of the Committee. The
few awards made are noted in the earlier part of the subjoined
list :—

Agnes Laing (Downie and Co.) ***, Purplish-rose with pure
white throat ; fine large flowers with very open throat.

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK, 1873. 73

A, St. Clair (Downie & Co.) ***. Crimson red with dark
pencillings at the mouth of the tube.

Pauline Daurant (Downie & Co.) ***, Bright rose with the open
white throat thickly pencilled.

Stanstead Rival (Downie & Co.) ***,. Bright carmine crimson with
white throat striped faintly with carmine on the lower side; rich
carmine crimson externally.

Aurora (EK. G. Henderson). Deep or purplish rose with white
pencilled throat.

Calliope (K. G. Henderson). Bright carmine red, heavily pencilled
in the throat with the same colour.

Flora (E.G. Henderson). Dark rosy-purple tube, with the face
of the limb purple; the throat white with prominent crimson
bars and lines ; fine.

Germama (K. G. Henderson), Of dwarf, dense habit, with the
flowers open; tube bright red, the face of the limb rosy-red ;
the mouth white on the upper side, and covered with purplish
blotches on the lower side, passing backwards into lines and
bars; very fine.

George Amer (Downie & Co.). Rich deep crimson purple, the
white throat heavily blotched and pencilled with deep blood-
red; fine.

George Mehl (KE. G. Henderson). Light carmine red with white
pencilled throat. Large and striking.

Henri Demay (EK. G. Henderson). Rosy purple; throat pure
white, the face of the limb evenly edged with rosy-purple ;
good.

La Gloire (E. G. Henderson). Rosy-red with broad rosy limb;
the throat pale, with deep sanguineous-red blotches passing into
pencillings at the base; fine.

Michel Buchner (Fraser). Deep crimson inside and out; the throat
white covered with bars and pencillings of crimson; very large
and very fine.

Mr. Havard (Fraser). Bright carmine, with very open throat and
wide trumpet-mouth ; throat white covered with carmine pen-
cillings, the face of the limb pinkish; dwarf, close spikes ; very
fine.

Mr. Charles Saunders (Ki. G. Henderson). Bright carmine red, the
throat heavily pencilled with crimson ; large and good.

Protestation (HK. G. Henderson). Flower short, open-mouthed,
with purplish-rose tube, and pale rosy limb, upper part of the

VOL, IV. G

74 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

tube white, lower deep maroon crimson passing backwards into
pencillings ; very striking.

Regalia (Downie & Co.). Purple with clear white throat ;
effective. f

Rose Rendatler (K. G. Henderson). Purplish-rose, the face of the
limb paler, the throat covered by the confluent patches of deep
sanguineous red; good.

Secretavre Cazin (K. G. Henderson). Purple, but with the mark-
ings and characteristics of Germania.

Union (EK. G. Henderson). Purplish-rose with open white throat
faintly lined ; fine.

Victor (Downie & Co.). Rich reddish or pucy purple, rather an
open throat, which is white pencilled on the lower side; large.
and firm.

Zampa (Fraser). Deep crimson both inside and out, the throat
covered near the mouth with deep sanguineous blotches; fine.

XVIII. Report on Potatoes Grown in 1873 at Chiswick. By A.
F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to the Fruit
Committee.

Tue Fruit and Vegetable Committee having decided upon testing
the numerous varieties of Potatoes that are in cultivation, and
ascertaining their various characteristics, I made application
among the growers, and succeeded in obtaining no less than
what purported to be 271 distinct varieties. These, with a
few exceptions, were planted on the 24th of March, and the sets
used were good medium-sized whole tubers, when these could be
obtained; but in some instances they were small, and then the
produce was much inferior.

The ground was well dug in the autumn of the previous year,
but not manured, this having been done for the crop of Peas which
had just been removed. The tubers were planted in lines 3
feet apart and 20 inches between each tuber. The plants came °
up regularly, with a strong growth; and on the 20th of May they
were attacked by a strong frost, which cut them very much, some
of them being as muchas 6 inches above the ground. They soon,
however, recovered and grew luxuriantly, being subjected to the
usual mode of cultivation, by hoeing and earthing up.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 1a

On the 29th of July the disease first made its appearance by
attacking the variety called Golden Gem, spreading in a few days
with great rapidity to Lapstone, Fortyfold, Red Emperor, nearly
all the American kinds, and the Regent class, The haulm of all
these sorts was soon destroyed; and of the tubers, those of Regents
suffered most severely, about nine-tenths being diseased, and of
some kinds, although there was an excellent crop, scarcely a sound
tuber remained. There was no variety that was not more or less
diseased, those escaping with the least injury being the very early
and the very late kinds.

During the growing season the collection was examined five
times by the Committee, and the first result arising from the
experiment has been to reduce the 271 varieties to 115; and this
number may be still further reduced by rejecting those that are
inferior and worthless.

The following is a list of donors who furnished the tubers for the
experiment :—

Messrs. Bell & Thorpe, Stratford-on-Avon.
Mr. Thomas Benson, Petersham.

Mr. George Biggs, Larkhall, Bath.

Messrs. B. K. Bliss & Sons, New York.
Mr. J. Burpitt, Wandsworth Common.
Messrs. James Carter & Co., High Holborn.
Mr. John Cave, jun., Lincoln.

Mr. F. Dancer, Little Sutton.

Mr. R. Dean, Bedfont.

Messrs. Downie Laird & Laing, Forest Hill.
Mr. Robert Fenn, Woodstock.

Mr. H. J. Hardy, Bures, Essex.

Mr. R. Hepplewhite, Chesterfield.

Dr. Hogg, Stillyans, Heathfield.

Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem.
Thomas Laxton, Esq., Stamford.

Mr. Henry Minchin, Hook Norton.

J. M. P. Montague, Esq., Bridport.

Mr. Thomas Parsons, Acton Green.

Rev. J. D. Peake, Laleham Rectory, Chertsey.
Mr. J. Pritchard, Shrewsbury.

Rey. W. F. Radclyffe, Oakeford Fitzpaine.
Mr. J. Smith, Royal Gardens, Kew.

Mr. George Scrimshaw, Chatsworth.

G2

76 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Messrs. W. Smith & Son, Aberdeen.
Messrs. Sutton & Son, Reading.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.
Messrs. Vilmorin Andrieux & Cie., Paris.

Series I. Sxrn Waite or Srraw-conouren.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.
1. Ashleaf Kidney.

Synonyms.—Marjolin ; Oakleaf; Duckstone.

Haulm fleshy, spreading, rarely more than two or three from
one tuber, 12 to 18 inches long; stem of a pale green colour;
leaflets large, broad, rounded, slightly cupped, bright green,
shining. Flowers very rare. Tuber medium-sized, long, tapering,
kidney-shaped ; eyes full, situate at one end and on big knobby
protuberances, giving the tuber an irregular appearance; skin
smooth, pale straw-coloured ; flesh pale yellow or straw-coloured,
firm; quality excellent. Moderate cropper. First early; July
and August. ‘This is considered the old or original type.

2. Kentish Ashleaf Kidney.

Synonyms.—Veitch’s Improved ; Cave’s Seedling ; Cambridge-
shire Kidney; Nutbrown; Alma Kidney; Early May; Benson’s
Seedling; Shepherd’s Kidney; Reynard; Nonsuch ; Tory; Con-
queror; Mona’s Pride; Champion; Early Ranelagh ; Laing s First
Crop; Stillyans Rada,

Haulm slender, spreading, several stems from one tuber, 12 to 18
inches long; stem having a strong purplish tinge; leaflets small,
pointed, green. Flowers very rare. Tuber medium-sized, long,
tapering, kidney-shaped, not so much knobbed as the true Ashleaf ;
eyes full; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured; flesh pale straw-
coloured, firm; quality excellent. Excellent cropper. First early ;
July and August.

3. Myatt’s Ashleaf Kidney.

Synonyms.—Rivers’ Royal Ashleaf; Sandringham Kidney ;
Myatt’s Prolific ; Gloucestershire Kidney ; Derbyshire Prize Taker ;
Lee’s Hammersmith Kidney. |

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 77

Haulm and tuber similar to Kentish Ashleaf. Flowers pale
lilac, and sparingly fertile. Excellent quality; great cropper.

4, Advancer (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm slender, spreading, 12 to 15 inches long; stem pale
green; leaflets small, pointed, pale green. Flowers very rare.
Tuber short, flat kidney-shaped; eyes full; skin smooth, pale
straw-coloured; flesh pale, firm. Moderate cropper. First early.

5. Jackson’s Improved.

Haulm similar to Kentish Ashleaf. Tuber medium size, long,
tapering, kidney-shaped, slightly knobbed; eyes a little sunken,
few and small; skin rough, white; flesh very pure white, firm.
Very handsome ; excellent cropper. First early; July to
September.

6. LVettle-leaved.

Synonyms.—A Feuille d’Ortie; Hardy’s Improved Albert;
Improved Royal Albert; Carter’s Champion Forcing ; Early Bed-
font Kidney. |

Haulm slender, spreading, 14 to 2 feet in length; stem with a
purplish tinge; leaflets small, much curled, slightly rugose, light
green. Tuber medium-sized, very long, tapering, rounded, but
sometimes flat, with knobs; eyes full; skin smooth, pale straw-
coloured ; flesh firm, pale straw-coloured. Good cropper. First
early.

7. Early White Kidney (Fenn).

Haulm moderately strong, spreading, about 14 feet in length,
similar in character to the Ashleaf, but stronger; stem pale green ;
leaflets medium-sized, curled, pale shining green. Tuber large, of
a rather irregular shape, a little knobbed; eyes full ; skin smooth,
white; flesh white, firm; quality excellent. Good cropper.
First early. rst-class Certificate.

8. Alice Fenn (Fenn).

Haulm and habit of growth very similar to Ashleaf, about 123
feet in length, spreading, pale green ; leaflets small, much curled,
showing the under-surface. Tuber of medium size, resembling the

78 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Ashleaf ; eyes few; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured ; flesh pale
straw-coloured, firm. Good cropper. First early. First-class
Certificate.

9. Little Gem (Fenn).
Synonym.—Early Gem.
Foliage and general habit of growth similar to Ashleaf, but
stronger and a later grower, and stems lightly tinged with purple,
1 to 13 feet. Tuber small, rather long but neat kidney-shaped,

neat with a few small knobs; eyes full, rather large; skin pale

straw, smooth ; flesh pale yellow, firm. First early. vrst-class
Certificate.

10. Harly Border (Fenn).

Habit and appearance of Kentish Ashleaf; haulm very slender,
about 9 inches in length. Tuber small, short, or half-round

kidney ; eyes full; skin smooth, pale; flesh pale. Very early;
useful for frame work. |

“11. Reine de Mai.

Haulm slender, spreading, 13 to 2 feet in length; stem pale
green; leaflets broad, pointed, green, slightly rugose. Flowers
small, white, fertile. Tuber medium size, round kidney shape ;
eyes small and few; skin smooth, yellowish; flesh pale yellow.
Good cropper. Early.

12. Marjolin Tetard.

Haulm robust, spreading, resembling Ashleaf, but much
stronger, about 18 inches long; stem pale green. Flowers white, |
fertile. Tuber large, very broad, flat at the crown end,
and tapering like a wedge to the stalk end; eyes full but few;
skin smooth, dark straw; flesh straw-coloured. Heavy cropper.
Early, succeeding the Ashleaf.

*

13. Woodstock Kidney.

Haulm robust, spreading or prostrate, about 23 feet in
length; stems few in number, dark purplish colour; leaflets
large, shining, deep green. Flowers white, fertile. Tuber
medium size, rather broad, irregular-shaped kidney; eyes few
and small; skin rough, dark straw; flesh white, firm. Moderate
cropper.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1878 AT CHISWICK. 79

14. Burpitt’s Bountiful (Burpitt).

Haulm slender, spreading, about 12 inches in length; stem
purplish; leaflets small, like the Nettle-leaved, deep green,
but much later. Flowers light purple, fertile Tuber medium
size, short, broad, flat; eyes few and small, full; skin smooth,

pale straw ; flesh white. Fine quality; average cropper. Second
early.

15. Multum in parvo (Fenn).

Haulm slender, about 12 inches in length; leaflets small ;
the whole plant much resembling in general appearance a dwarf
form of Kentish Ashleaf. Flowers very rare. Tuber small, short,
flat, kidney shape; eyes small, about level with surface; skin a
little rough, dark straw colour; flesh firm, white. Very small
cropper. Very early.

16. Yorkshire Hybrid (Tayior’s).

Synonym.—Quarantine de la Halle.

Haulm robust, about 24 feet in length; stem deep green ;
leaflets broad, rugose, green. Flowers pale, produced abundantly,
and followed by berries in great abundance. Tuber large, rounded,
long kidney-shaped, tapering somewhat to each end, a little coarse
in appearance ; eyes large, slightly sunken ; skin smooth, pale straw-
coloured; flesh pale straw, firm. A moderate cropper. Second
early. |

17. New Early Racehorse (Sutton’s).

Very similar to Yorkshire Hybrid, having broader leaflets and
growing to little more than half the height. Moderate cropper.

18. Pioneer (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm slender, 12 to 18 inches in length; stem pale green;
leaflets abundant, small, rugose, pointed, pale green. Flowers
very rare. Tubers medium size, very irregular, kidney-shaped,
coarse-looking ; eyes numerous, sunken; skin smooth, dark straw;
flesh yellow, firm. Throws the tubers out on the surface of the
soil. Moderate cropper. First early.

-

19. Waterloo Kidney (Dean). ©

Haulm slender, 13 feet in length, somewhat resembling Myatt’s

80 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Prolific, but having the leaflets much more crumpled. Berry-
bearing. ‘Tubers large, long, tapering, and handsome; eyes alittle
sunken, rather numerous, situate over nearly three-fourths of the
tuber; skin pale straw, smooth; flesh firm, white. Excellent
quality. Moderate cropper. Second early.

20. Dawe’s Matchless.

Synonyms.— Webb’s Imperial; Wormsley.

Haulm moderately strong, of somewhat spreading growth,
about 2 feet high; stem slightly purple at the base; leaflets of
medium size, deep green, and much crumpled or rugose. Flowers
small, dirty white, fertile. Tubers large, long, flattened, of
regular form; eyes rather numerous, prominently diffused over
three parts of the surface; skin pale, smooth; flesh white, firm,
fine quality. A very handsome Potato; good cropper. Second
early.

21. Excelsior Kidney (Dean).

A stronger-growing and much improved form of Dawe’s Match-
less, producing a larger and finer sample. Extra fine quality.
first-class Certificate.

22. Berkshire Kidney.

Haulm moderately robust, spreading, about 134 feet long;
stem tinged with purple; leaflets broad, pale green, rugose, with
rather short petioles. Flowers dirty white, fertile. Tubers
medium-sized, flat, kidney-shaped; eyes few, and rather full;
skin smooth, pale; flesh straw-coloured, rather close-grained.
Light cropper. Second early.

23. Jaune de Brie.

Haulm robust, of erect growth, about 2 feet in length; stem
pale green; leaflets small, rugose, like the Regent type, pale
green. Flowers pale blue, very fertile. Tubers above average
size, long, cylindrical, tapering; eyes small, slightly sunken ; skin ©
smooth, pale yellow ; flesh pale yellow, dain: Moderate cropper.
Second early.

24. Prince of Wales.

Haulm moderately robust, spreading, and seldom branching,

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1878 AT CHISWICK. 81

about 2 feet in length; stem tinged with purple; leaflets large,
broad, deep shining green, very distinct. Flowers pale blue,
fertile. Tubers large, kidney shape, somewhat tapering; eyes
full, at times situate on raised knobs like the Ashleaf; skin
smooth, clear; flesh rather coarse, pale straw. A very handsome
Potato, but not of good quality ; average cropper. Second early.

25. King of Flukes.

Synonyms.—Queen of Flukes; Birmingham Prize-taker ; Derby-
shire Prize.

Haulm, &c., similar to Dawe’s Matchless, moderately robust,
from 13 to 2 feet in length; leaflets of medium size, deep green,
rugose. Flowers pale blue. Berries large. Tubers large, broad,
flat, of even form; eyes full; skin smooth, pale straw; flesh
pale straw, hard. Very handsome Potato; has the habit of grow-
ing out on the surface of the ground, many of the tubers thus
becoming green; moderate cropper. Second early.

26. Vanguard (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm rather slender, from 14 to 2 feet in length; stem tinged
with purple; leaflets deep green, rugose; similar to Dawe’s
Matchless, but dies off earlier. Tubers medium, short, flat; eyes
full, few in number; skin smooth, pale ; flesh pale, firm. Mode-
rate cropper. First early.

27. Beta (Bell & Thorpe).

Very similar to preceding, but later and inferior.

28. Sextus (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm and foliage somewhat similar to Dawe’s Matchless, of
a neat, sturdy growth. Tubers medium size, short, flat, of regular
form ; eyes few and small; skin rough, pale straw-coloured ; flesh
pale, firm. A handsome Potato of the fluke section. Moderate
cropper.

29. Harbinger (Bell & Thorpe).

Plant of the same character as Sextus. Tubers rather small,
short, flat, and irregular in form; eyes small; skin smooth, pale;
flesh pure white, firm. Fluke section. Light cropper. Third
early.

82 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

30. Lapstone.

Synonyms.—Haigh’s Seedling; Cobbler’s Lapstone; Almond’s
Yorkshire Hero; Pebble White; Headley’s Nonpareil; Hunting-
don Kidney; Yorkshire Hero; Perfection; Rixton Pippin;
Ashtop Fluke.

Haulm of moderately robust growth, from 14 to 2 feet in length 5
stem pale green, sometimes tinged with purple; leaflets large,
broad, very pale green, of a very distinct character. Flowers
white, produced in great abundance, but very rarely succeeded by
berries, Tubers of medium size, of rather irregular form, some
being kidney-shaped, others broad, flat, and some cylindrical and
rounded; eyes small, full, and few; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured,
generally having a tinge of purple at the crown, which is a cha-
racteristic feature; flesh pale straw, firm. Very apt to super-
tuberate in some soils and seasons, and to continue to grow
late instead of ripening off; a great cropper; of most excellent
quality. Rather subject to disease. The varieties of this Potato
are very numerous, but have no permanent distinctive characters.
Second early ; fit for use from October until May.

31. Fluke.

Haulm of robust growth, from 13 to 2 feet long; stem of a
dark purplish colour ; leaflets rather small, rugose, deep green.
Flowers small, crumpled, white, fertile. Tubers large, gene-
rally broad, flat, of somewhat irregular form; eyes full; skin
slightly rough, of a dark straw colour; flesh pure white, firm.
A heavy cropper in some soils; excellent quality. Late.

32. Model (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm and foliage very similar to Fluke; leaflets a little
pointed. Grows very late. Flowers white. Tubers short, broad,
flat, with a blunt end ; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured; flesh white,
rather close. A very handsome Potato; heavy cropper. Late.

33. Amazon (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm and foliage of the Berkshire Kidney character, but of
somewhat stronger and later growth; height 14 feet. Flowers
white. Tubers medium size, short, broad, flat, rather irregular;
eyes few, a little sunken; skin smooth, pale; flesh pale straw,
firm. Moderate cropper. Late.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 83

34. Utilis (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm of strong-growing Fluke character, somewhat spreading,
about 2 feet long, and foliage shining. Tubers large, flat, coarse,
and irregular ; eyes small, sunken ; skin rough, pale straw-coloured ;
flesh pale, firm. Light cropper. Late.

35. Cobble (Bell & Thorpe). —

Haulm rather slender, spreading, somewhat of the character of
Dawe’s Matchless, from 13 to 2 feet long; leaflets broad, shining
green. Flowers dirty white. Tubers large, long, flat, but some-
what irregular, the end blunt ; eyes small, full; skin smooth, pale
straw; flesh pale, close. Moderate cropper.

36. Sedilla (Bell & Thorpe).

Same haulm and foliage as Cobble. Tubers large, flat, irregular;
end blunt or flattened; eyes a little sunken at crown; skin rough,
dark straw-coloured ; flesh close, yellow. Moderate cropper. Late
and worthless.

37. Clipper (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm moderately vigorous, from 13 to 2 feet long; stem
deep green; leaflets broad, rugose, green. Flowers pale. Berry-
bearing. Tubers large, long, cylindrical; eyes very numerous,
- much scattered, forming large knobs on the tuber, giving it a coarse
appearance ; skin smooth, straw-coloured ; flesh pale straw, close-
grained. Light cropper. Second early. Worthless.

38. Eureka (Biggs).

Plant of compact growth, very robust; haulm green, about
2 feet long, grows very late; leaflets small, deep green, some-
what crumpled and rugose. Flowers bright purple, seldom producing
berries. Tubers large, broad, flat, of the Fluke character ; eyes
full; skin pale, a little rough; flesh white, firm. The latest of
all to ripen off. Moderate cropper. Sample very irregular.

39. Princesse.

Haulm slender, spreading, but of compact growth, about 11 feet
long; stem light green; leaflets smooth, light green. Flowers
pale blue, producing berries. Tubers long, narrow, cylindrical,
somewhat tapering and twisted; eyes full, very numerous,

84 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

scattered over the entire surface ; skin coarse, pale; flesh pale, firm.
A peculiar but utterly worthless variety. Light cropper. Second
early.

40. Oxfordshire Kidney.

Synonym.—Minchin’s Eclipse.

Haulm moderately robust, of erect growth, with the character of
Dawe’s Matchless, 23 feet long; stem pale green throughout ;
leaflets pale green, rugose. Flowers bright blue, fertile. Tubers of
average size, rather short, flat, of even and regular form ;
eyes few and small; skin very rough, dark straw-coloured; flesh
pale, firm. Good cropper. Grows late. Handsome.

§ 2. Half-long.
41. Giant King.

Haulm slender, of the character of the Kentish Ashleaf, 12 to
18 inches high ; leaflets somewhat pointed, rugose, with a pur-
plish tinge. Tubers large, broad, flat, somewhat irregular; eyes
large, sunken; skin smooth, straw-coloured; flesh pale straw-
coloured, rather close. Average cropper. Rather a handsome
large tuber from so dwarf a plant. First early.

49. Milky White.

Haulm slender, of spreading growth, about 12 inches long;
stem reddish; leaflets small, crumpled, like those of the Nettle-
leaved. Flowers light blue, fertile. Tubers rather below medium
size, half long, rounded; eyes full; skin smooth, pale. Flesh very
white, firm. A moderate cropper. Comes rather early into use.

43. Peake’s First Early (Peake).

Haulm slender, of the character of the Kentish Ashleaf, about
9 inches high, ripens off very early. Tubers medium - sized,
half long, broad, flattened, resembling Giant King; eyes a little
sunken, mostly situate at the crown; skin smooth, pale straw-
coloured; flesh yellow, rather close. A fair cropper. Very early.

44, Bresee’s Climax.

Synonyms.—Gravenstein ; Coppermine ; Climax.
Haulm moderately strong, about 14 feet long; stem light green,

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 85

erect, branching; leaflets large, broad, pale green, frequently
blotched with yellow. Flowers rare. Tubers large, long, rounded,
somewhat tapering; eyes a little sunken, rather thickly situate
near to the crown; skin rough, straw colour; flesh white, firm.
Excellent quality, great cropper, and the best type of the American
White Potatoes. Second early. Lrst-class Certificate.

45. Early Goodrich.

Synonym.—Bushell’s Seedling.

Haulm very similar in character to Climax. Tubers smaller,
and of a coarser appearance than Climax, but much resembling it.
Inferior. Moderate cropper. Second early.

46. Springfield White.

Synonym.—Harrison’s.

Haulm and foliage of the same character as Climax, but paler
and of a much stronger growth, and leaflets more pointed. Flowers
white, sterile. Tubers very large, half round, frequently flattened,
rather coarse in appearance; eyes large, a little sunken; skin
smooth, nearly white; flesh close, pure white. Heavy cropper.
Second early.

47. Bresee’s Peerless.

Synonym.—Peerless.

Haulm moderately vigorous, from 14 to 2 feet long; stem deep
sreen, of the same general character as Climax; leaflets broad,
green. Flowers very rare. Tubers large, long, broad, flat, some-
what tapering; eyes a little sunken, having a faint tinge of pink ; skin
slightly rough, straw colour; flesh white, firm. Heavy cropper.
Very handsome. Mid-season.

48. Bresee’s Prolific.

Synonym.—Brown’s Prolific Kidney.

Haulm vigorous, 14 feet in length. Same character as Climax,
but having the leaflets rather smaller; stem pale green. Tubers
large, long, flat, even, handsome shape; eyes full, a little sunken,
of a pretty pink colour; skin thin, smooth, straw shaded with
faint pink ; flesh white. A heavy cropper, and particularly hand-

~ some. Mid-season.

86 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

49. Charden.

Haulm very robust, branched, about 3 feet in length; stem
pale green; leaflets pale green, rugose, pointed. Flowers abun-
dant, pale shaded lilac. Berries few. Tubers very large, very
coarse and irregular, of a long rounded form, somewhat tapering ;
eyes numerous, wide, very much sunken; skin smooth, pale ;
flesh pale straw. A great cropper. Very coarse Cattle Potato.
Mid-season.

50. Golden Gem.

Synonym.—Jaune ronde hative.

Haulm slender, spreading, from 2 feet to 24 feet in length;
stem pale green; leaflets small, rugose, pale green. Flowers pale.
Tubers medium-sized, of a long rounded form ; eyes numerous, scat-
tered, much sunken; skin smooth, yellow; flesh yellow, firm.

51. Dourie Hall Favorite (Montagu).

Haulm robust, of compact growth, about 3 feet in length ;
stem pale green; leaflets large, broad, pale green. Flowers
bluish-white. Berries none. Tubers medium-sized, half round,
sometimes long; eyes few; skin a little rough, pale straw-
coloured ; flesh white, firm. Good cropper. Mid-season. Very
distinct.

52. Paterson’s Victoria.

Haulm of strong upright growth, about 2% feet in length; stem
pale green, tinged with purple; leaflets small, rugose, somewhat
pointed, green. Flowers purple. Berries numerous, very large.
Tubers medium-sized, half round, frequently a little flattened,
with a blunt end; eyes a little sunken; skin rough, but some-
times smooth, pale straw; flesh white, firm. A very excellent
even cropping Potato. Late.

§ 3. Round.

53. Regents.

Synonyms.—York Regent; Mitchell’s Prolific ; Early Oxford;
Pink-eyed Regent; Rintoul’s White Don; Scotch Don; Rusty
Coat ; Rough Jacket.

real moderately robust, spreading, from 2 to 3 feet i in length ;
stem pale green; leaflets small, rugose, green. Flowers scarce,

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 87

pale blue, seldom producing berries. Tubers round, generally of
even medium size, but sometimes large, long, flat, and coarse ; eyes
a little sunken; skin rough, pale straw; flesh white, firm. Ex-
cellent quality. Productive. Mid-season.

54. Dalmahoy.

Synonym.—Goldfinder.

Haulm and general growth not distinguishable from Regents ;
ripens off earlier, and has the habit of throwing the tubers a little
more on to the surface of the ground. Tubers above medium
size, generally of more even and regular form than Regents, but of
very similar character. A very productive excellent Potato for
general use.

55. Walker’s Early.

Like a strong Regent, but having the tubers much smoother in
the skin and with deeper eyes than the Regents.

56. Early Prince.

Haulm, &c., same character as Regent, but ripens off much
earlier. Tubers large; eyes rather deep; skin smooth, like
Walker’s Early. Second Early.

57. Early Shaw.

Haulm, &c., of somewhat slender Regent character of growth,
and ripens off earlier. Flowers sterile. Tubers medium size,
roundish, frequently half long and broad; eyes large or wide, a
little sunken ; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured ; flesh pale straw-
coloured. Average cropper. Second early.

58. East Somerset Champion.

Haulm moderately robust, of the Regent character, but stem
slightly coloured. Tubers very large, broad, flat, of somewhat
irregular form, being blunt at the crown and hollowed at the
stalk; eyes small, rather sunken; skin a little rough, pale straw-
coloured ; flesh pale straw, rather close. A very heavy cropper.
Ripens same time as Regents, but is in best condition for use late
in spring.

59. Karly Perfection.

Haulm, &c., of somewhat slender Regent character of growth,

88 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

about 18 inches in length; leaflets rather broad, flat. Flowers
pale blue, sterile. Tubers below medium size, roundish, but
frequently long; surface very even and regular; eyes very few
and full; skin clear, pale straw, a little rough. Flesh pale straw.
Light cropper. Early.

60. Early Union (Turner).

Haulm rather slender, of the character of the Kentish Ashleaf,
about 13 feet in length. Flowers pale lavender, sterile. Tubers
medium size, round, of even regular form, a little flattened at the
crown and hollowed at the stalk; eyes few, a little sunken, nearly
all situate at the crown; skin clear pale straw, a little rough ;
flesh pale straw. A good cropper. Very nice clean-looking
Potato. Early.

61. Rector of Woodstock (Fenn).

Haulm rather slender, spreading, from 2 to 23 feet in length;
stem slightly coloured purple; leaflets small, rugose, green.
Flowers bluish, succeeded by berries. Tubers rather below medium
size, of roundish form, frequently a little flattened at the crown ;
eyes small, mostly situate at the crown; skin smooth, clear, pale
straw ; flesh pale straw, very firm. Excellent quality. Moderate
cropper. Early. <A very pretty Potato. Previously Certificated.

62. Fenn’s Early Market.

Haulm slender, resembling the Ashleaf Kidney, about 12 inches
long; stem green; leaflets small, curled, green. Sterile. Tubers
medium-sized, of roundish form, sometimes a little broad and
elongated, and hollowed at the crown ; eyes slightly sunken; skin
a little rough, very clear, pale straw; flesh pale straw. Excellent
quality. A very clean, handsome-looking Potato, and a good
cropper. First early. irst-class Certificate.

63. Bonne Wilhelmine.

Haulm rather slender, spreading, about 2 feet in length; stem
a little coloured ; leaflets rather broad, rugose, pale green. Flowers
pale blue, fertile. Tubers below medium size, half round, even
form ; eyes few and full; skin smooth, clear, pale straw-coloured ;
flesh pale straw-coloured. A moderate cropper. Second early.

64. Seedling No. 1 (Veitch).

Haulm of weak erect growth, about 12 inches in length; stem

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1878 AT CHISWICK. 89

green; leaflets small, rugose, green. Tubers small, roundish ;
eyes few, full; skin a little rough, pale straw; flesh pale straw.
Light cropper. Second early.

65. Prince’s Favorite.

Haulm, &c., slender, of the character of Kentish Ashleaf, about
18 inches long. Tubers very small, round; eyes few, a little
sunken ; skin clear, pale, smooth; flesh pale straw. Worthless.
Second early.

66. Paxton’s Wonder.

Haulm moderately vigorous, about 17 feet in length; stem
green; leaflets broad, pale green, like Lapstone, but rugose.
Sterile. Tubers small, round, even, and regular; eyes few, full ;
skin smooth, clear; flesh pale straw. Small cropper. Early, but
too small.

67. The Bloomer.

Haulm slender, very spreading, from 12 to 16 inches long; stem
green ; leaflets very much curled, pale green. Flowers pale, fertile.
Tubers small, round, of even, regular form; eyes full; skin clear,
smooth ; flesh pale straw-coloured. Small cropper. Early. Too
small.

68. Pritchard's Seedling.

Haulm small, of erect growth, about 12 inches long; stem green;
leaflets broad, deep green, rugose. Flowers pale, fertile. Tubers
medium-sized, half round, even form; eyes few, full; skin
smooth, pale straw; flesh pale, firm. Light cropper. Mid-season.

69. Royal Danish.

Haulm small, of erect growth, from 18 inches to 2 feet long;
stem a little coloured purple; leaflets small, much pointed,
rugose, bright green. Tubers below medium size, half round, a
little elongated; eyes sunken; skin smooth, pale; flesh pale,
yellow, soft. Light cropper. General season. Too small, worth-
less.

70. Onwards (Fenn).

Habit same as Kentish Ashleaf, with somewhat darker and more
rugose leaflets. Flowers sterile. Tubers very small, flat, round,
VOL. Iv. H

90 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

irregular; skin pale straw-coloured; flesh pale. Early. Too
small. Worthless.

71. No. 2, White-blossomed (Biggs).

Haulm robust, but prostrate, about 2 feet long, not branched ;
stem of a purplish tinge; leaflets very broad, rugose, green.
Flowers white, sterile. Tubers large, broad, flat, coarse, and
uneven ; eyes prominent; skin smooth, pale straw-coloured ; flesh
white, rather soft. A moderate cropper. Second early.

Series II. Sxm Rep.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.
72. Early Sovereign.

Haulm of compact growth, about 12 inches long, ripens off
early ; stem pale green ; leaflets very large, broad. Flowers rare.
Tubers average size, of along, narrow, cylindrical form, slightly
tapering; eyes scattered over the entire surface, but not too
numerous, a little sunken; skin smooth, of a pale rose colour;
flesh white. A good average cropper. Early.

73. American Late Rose.

Synonym.—American Pale Rose.

Haulm of free vigorous growth, about 2 feet long; stem pale
green; leaflets large, broad, very pale green. Flowers white,
generally sterile. Tubers very large, long, cylindrical, from 7 to
10 inches, and generally a little flattened; eyes not numerous,
but scattered nearly over the entire surface, a little sunken, of a
deep rose colour; skin smooth, pale rosy-pink, very pretty ; flesh
white and floury. Excellent quality. A most enormous cropper,
from eight to ten large tubers being produced at a single stool, and
frequently much more, and these tubers often weighing over a
pound each. Second early. First-class Certificate.

74. American Early Rose.

Haulm and habit of plant exactly resembling the Pale or Late
Rose; ripens off earlier, and is not so tall in stem or so produc-
tive; the tubers also are smaller, more kidney-shaped, and of a
more uniform pink or rose colour. Much inferior to the Late Rose.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 91

75. Extra Early Vermont (Bliss & Sons).

Haulm and habit of plant similar to Early Rose, but only about
12 inches long, ripens off very early. Tubers large, long, cylin-
drical, somewhat flattened, very similar in all characters to Late
Rose, but is ripe some ten days earlier; flesh white and floury.
Very excellent quality. Average cropper. Early. rst - class
Certificate.

76. Belvoir Kidney.

Synonym.—Taylor’s Kidney ; Rognon Rose.

Haulm rather slender and straggling, about 2 feet in length ;
stem tinged red; leaflets rather small, dark green, rugose.
Flowers white, sparingly fertile. Tubers average size, long, flat,
regular kidney shape; eyes very few and small; skin smooth,
dull pink; flesh yellow. Handsome in appearance. Average
cropper. Mid-season.

77. Wonderful Red Kidney.

Haulm rather slender, very much in character of Kentish Ash-
leaf, from 12 to 18 inches long; leaflets small, rugose, having a
reddish tinge. Tubers rather small, but neat in form; eyes few,
full; skin smooth, pale red; flesh yellow. A great cropper,
but the greater portion are very small and worthless. arly.

78. Pousse Debout.

Haulm vigorous, of compact growth, about 2 feet in length ;
stem reddish; leaflets broad, green. Flowers white, fertile.
Tubers small, long, marrow, tapering, rounded kidney ;
eyes full, on raised knobs; skin smooth, pale red; flesh pale,
firm. <A great cropper, but the greater portion are quite small
and worthless. Mid-season.

79. Saucisse.

Haulm rather slender, but growing to nearly 4 feet in length
and branching ; stem reddish ; leaflets small, rugose, green. Tubers
average size, short, broad, flat, rather irregular in form ; eyes
full, even; skin smooth, deep rose; flesh yellow, hard, fre-
quently streaked with red. A great cropper, but very inferior,
General season.

H 2

92 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

80. French Red.

Haulm very vigorous, branching, from 3 to 33 feet in length,
grows late; stem reddish; leaflets small, rugose, deep green.
Tubers average size, but very irregular in form, some being round,
others long, cylindrical; eyes numerous, scattered over the entire
surface ; skin rough, red; flesh yellow. A great cropper, but
the greater portion very small and worthless. Late.

81. Cottager’s Red.

Haulm moderately vigorous, straggling, about 4 feet in length;
stem reddish ; leaflets small, rugose, green. ‘Tubers average size,
of rather irregular form, some being long, broad, and flat, whilst
others are nearly round; eyes scattered, a little sunken; skin
rough, bright red. Flesh yellow. A somewhat irregular cropping
Potato.

82. Rosée de Conflans.

Haulm vigorous, of compact growth, from 3 to 33 feet in length;
stem reddish; leaflets broad, green. Flowers white, fertile. —
Tubers average size, very long, narrow, cylindrical, twisted,
and tapering, with knobs; eyes full, scattered; skin smooth,
dull red; flesh yellow, streaked with red. A very peculiar-
looking but altogether worthless variety.

83. Prince Imperial.

Haulm moderately robust, spreading, from 2 to 23 feet in length;
stem reddish; leaflets small, pale green, rugose. Flowers white,
fertile. Tubers average size, of rather irregular form, a
long pointed kidney, frequently twisted like a crab’s claw; eyes
few, full; skin rough, reddish - purple; flesh yellow. Moderate
cropper. General season. Worthless.

84. Vitelotte.

Haulm very robust and gross, about 22 feet in length, and grows
late; stem green, with a reddish tint; leaflets rather broad,
rugose, green, with reddish veining. Flowers white, fertile.
Tubers small, long, narrow, cylindrical, and pointed or
tapering ; eyes deep, covering nearly the entire surface, so that it
appears to be nearly all eyes; skin smooth, reddish - purple ;

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 93

flesh white, streaked with red. A very singular variety, but
entirely worthless. Fit to be grown only as a curiosity.

85. Bountiful (Fenn).

Haulm rather slender, spreading, from 13 to 2 feet in length;
ripens off early; stem reddish; leaflets small, green, rugose.
Flowers white, fertile. Tubers of true kidney shape, medium
size, short, even, and of very regular form; eyes few, full, giving
it a very smooth, even surface ; skin smooth, reddish-purple; flesh
pale, firm. A very neat, handsome Potato, and a fair cropper.
Second early.

86. Rognon Violet.

Haulm rather slender and straggling, about 31 feet in length ;
stem purple; leaflets small, rugose, dark green. Flowers white,
fertile. Tubers large, long, flat, kidney shape, of even regular
form; eyes full, scattered, but not numerous; skin smooth, of a

reddish-purple ; flesh pale straw, firm. A fair average cropper.
Late.

87. Callo.

Whole plant somewhat of the Lapstone character. Haulm
moderately robust, about 2 feet in length; stem pale green, tinged
red; leaflets broad, pale green, quite smooth. Tubers medium
size, long, cylindrical, regular form; eyes wide, scattered, of a
dark purple; skin smooth, reddish-purple ; flesh white, firm. A
heavy-cropping Potato. Late.

88. California Kidney.

Haulm slender, about 14 feet in length, ripens off early ; stem
pale green; leaflets broad, green, rugose, of the Regent type.
Flowers few, pale blue, sterile. Tubers large, long, cylindrical ;
eyes numerous, deeply-placed, and scattered over entire surface,
giving it a rough, uneven appearance; skin smooth, bright red,
occasionally flaked with white; flesh pale straw, hard, coarse.
Moderate cropper. Early.

89. Truffe d Adut.

Plant of vigorous, compact growth, of the appearance of Myatt’s
Prolific, about 13 feet in length. Flowers pale, fertile. Tubers
below medium size, of short, oblong shape; eyes deep, numerous,

94 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

scattered; skin a little rough, dull red; flesh pale yellow,
streaked with red. A moderate cropper, but a very bad, worth-
less sort. Late.

§ 2. Round.
90. Red Emperor.

Haulm slender, straggling, and spreading, about 23 feet in
length; stem tinged with red; leaflets small, pointed, rugose,
light green. Flowers light blue, sparingly fertile. Tubers
medium-sized, round, somewhat flattened, very even and regular ;
eyes full and few, of a bright red; skin generally smooth, of a
clear light red, sometimes with a flake of white; flesh pale
straw, firm. Excellent quality. A very handsome Potato.
Average cropper. Second early. It is somewhat tender and
subject to disease.

91. Combe Hays.

Very similar to Red Emperor, but somewhat later. Bears
berries in abundance, and the tubers have somewhat rougher skins.

92. English Rose (Fenn).

‘Haulm and foliage similar to Kentish Ashleaf, about 12 inches
high, ripens off early. Flowers reddish-white. Tubers small,
round, with a smooth even surface; eyes full, small; skin
smooth, pale red; flesh white, streaked with pink. Early, but
too small and not of good quality.

93. King of the Earlies.

Haulm of compact growth, about 12 inches long, ripens off
very early; stem pale green; leaflets very large, broad, of a -
very pale green. Flowers very rare. Tubers average size, half
round, flat; eyes a little sunken; skin smooth, of a faint rosy-
pink colour; flesh white. Moderate cropper. Early.

94. Rouge de Strasbourg.

Haulm very robust, much branched, of erect and compact
growth, about 3 feet in length, grows very late; stem purplish;
leaflets rather broad, dark green-shaded purple. Flowers purplish-
white, seldom fertile. Tubers medium size, long, roundish,
irregular, coarse; eyes deep, numerous, scattered over entire

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 95

surface ; skin smooth, deep red; flesh white, close-grained. Bad.
A coarse, heavy-cropping, late Potato.

. 95. Red Regent.

Synonym.—De Zelande.

Haulm very robust, much branched, of erect and compact
growth, from 3 to 8% feet in length; stem reddish; leaflets
rather broad, light green. Flowers white, seldom fertile. Tubers
large, exactly resembling the Regents; skin rough, deep red;
flesh pale. A heavy-cropping, late Potato, suited for field culture.

96. Wood's Scarlet Prolifie.

Haulm moderately robust, erect, compact growth, about 2 feet
in length, grows very late; stem light green; leaflets pale green,
rugose. Flowers light purplish, fertile. Tubers very large, long,
flattened, even, and regular, nearly all of the same size at a stool,
and are borne close to the haulm; eyes deep, scattered over
surface; skin rough, reddish-purple; flesh white, occasionally
streaked with red. A very handsome, late Potato, and a great
cropper. Second-class quality.

97. Webb’s Red Blossom.

Haulm robust, erect, but much branched, about 23 feet in length,
grows very late; stem green; leaflets broad, rugose, green.
Flowers white, sterile. Tubers long, flat, very irregular, some
being large and handsome, but the greater portion small; eyes
deep, scattered ; skin rough, bright purplish-red ; flesh pale straw,
streaked with red. Very coarse-growing. Great cropper. Late.

98. Vermont Beauty (Bliss & Sons).

Synonym.—Brownell’s Beauty.

Haulm small, of the same character as Early Rose, about 12 feet
in length, ripens off early; leaflets broad, pale green. Flowers
purplish-white. Tubers very large, long, broad, and flattened,
very uniform in character, and borne close to the haulm, about five
or six to each stool, with seldom any small ones; eyes wide open,
scattered, but not numerous ; skin rough, of a dull brick-red ; flesh
white, floury. Excellent quality. A remarkably handsome second
early red Potato, and a heavy cropper. irst-class Certificate.

96 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

99. Red-skinned Flour-ball.

Synonyms.—Improved Red-skinned Flour-ball ; Barkshire’s Red-
skinned Flour-ball; Red Peach-blossom ; Boston Red; American
Red; Kentish Red.

Haulm strong and robust, frequently much branched, from 3 to
31 feet in length; stem pale, with a reddish tinge; leaflets
medium-sized, flat, pointed, rugose, pale green. Flowers shaded
lilac or lavender, produced in great abundance; very seldom
fertile. Tubers very large, round, but frequently a little
flattened, and often of very coarse and irregular form, one stool
producing handsome, well-formed tubers, whilst another pro-
duces them of all shapes and sizes; eyes mostly situate at the
crown, which is a little sunken, and it is also a little hollowed
at the stalk; skin rough, of a light red colour, but on many
of the malformed tubers quite smooth, and of a deep red;
flesh white, and, for a large Potato, of excellent quality. Itis a
large and heavy cropper. General season.

100. White Peach-blossom.

Haulm of strong and compact growth, much branched, about
3 feet in length; stem green; leaflets broad, pointed, smooth,
green. Flowers rosy-purple, fertile. Tubers very large, round,
coarse in appearance; eyes few, but deep, of a bright rose
colour; skin rough, of a pale pink colour; flesh white, firm.
A very heavy-cropping, but coarse, late Potato.

Series III. Sxry Pourpre on Buvr. :
101. Paterson’s Blue.

Synonym.—Morayshire Blue.

Haulm robust, of compact, rather erect growth, about 3 feet in
length ; stem reddish ; leaflets small, rugose, deep green. Flowers
purplish-white, occasionally fertile. Tubers large, round, flat-
tened, frequently elongated, rather coarse in appearance ; eyes
deep, scattered ; skin smooth, reddish-purple ; flesh white, very
firm. Moderate cropper. Late.

102. Purple Regent.

Plant habit of true Regent, but having a reddish stem, and the
leaflets of a somewhat deeper green. Flowers purplish-white,

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 97

seldom fertile. Tubers medium-sized, half long, a little flattened,
surface uneven, and rather coarse in appearance; eyes small,
scattered ; skin smooth, reddish-purple; flesh white, firm. A
very poor cropper, and a generally bad sample. General season.

103. Compton Surprise (Bliss & Sons).

Haulm very robust and gross, from 23 to 8 feet in length, ripens
off early; stem green, tinged with red; leaflets very large,
broad, pale green. Flowers white, sterile. Tubers large, long,
flattened, coarse in appearance; eyes numerous, very deep,
scattered over entire surface; skin smooth, dark purple; flesh
white, firm. A moderate cropper. Mid-season. Rather coarse.

104. Scotch Blue.

Synonym.—Duncan’s Seedling.

Haulm moderately vigorous, about 2 feet in length, ripens
off early ; stem reddish; leaflets large, broad, rather pale green.
Flowers none. Tubers medium-sized, oblong, flattened, frequently
much elongated and cylindrical, with a smooth, even outline;
eyes wide open; skin smooth, dark violet; flesh white, firm.
Very handsome, but a very uncertain cropper. Mid-season.

105. Summer Hill Seedling (Smith).

Haulm very strong and robust, from 23 to 3 feet in length;
stem having a reddish tinge; leaflets large, broad, pale, with a
tinge of red. Flowers bluish, fertile. Tubers medium size,
oblong, flattened, of a finely-rounded, even outline; eyes small,
full; skin smooth, dark purple; flesh white, firm. A very
handsome Potato, and a fair average cropper. Late.

106. Black Jack.

Synonyms.—Black Bob; Black Nigger.

Haulm robust, straggling, and somewhat branching, about 3} feet
in length; stem reddish-purple; leaflets small, rugose, deep
green. Flowers blue, seldom fertile. Tubers medium-sized,
round ; eyes deep; skin smooth, very dark purple, almost black ;
flesh dark mottled purple and white. A poor cropping and
utterly useless late Potato. Fit only to be grown as a curiosity.

98 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Series IV. Sxrn SrrREAKED oR FLAKED.

107. Gleason’s Late.

Synonym.—Hundredfold Fluke.

Haulm robust, branching, about 23 feet in length; stem of a
reddish tinge ; leaflets flat, pointed, green, with coloured veins.
Flowers purple, generally sterile. Tubers large, generally broad,
flat, like a Fluke, but frequently of very irregular form, as if two
or three were joined together; eyes few, full; skin smooth, very
pale, with large patches of rosy-purple, giving it a very singular
piebald appearance; flesh white, rather hard. A good average
cropper; late; very handsome.

\

108. Painted Lady.

Haulm strong and robust, of the Fluke character, but dies off
earlier, from 23 to 3 feet long; stem green; leaflets small,
rugose, green, like Regents. Flowers rosy-red, fertile. Tubers
very irregular in size and form, but chiefly small, of a long,
flat kidney shape; eyes few; skin on some tubers rough, and on
others smooth ; some pure pale straw-coloured, others streaked and
splashed with deep rosy-purple; flesh pale, firm. A light
cropper, the greater portion being small; late; worthless.

109. Willard.

Synonym.—Belgian Wax Ball.

Haulm moderately strong, erect, from 1 to 1} feet in length;
stem pale green; leaflets broad, rugose, pale green. Flowers very
rare. Tubers large, long, cylindrical, inclining to conical, generally
of even and regular form ; eyes wide, even with surface, scattered ;
skin rough, bright red, much flaked with white around the eyes;
flesh white, hard, and inferior. A very handsome taking Potato.
Moderate cropper. Second early.

110. Red Breadfruit.

Haulm slender, of rather compact growth, about 2 feet in
length; stem green; leaflets small, rugose, green, of the Regent
character. Flowers pale blue, fertile. Tubers rather below
medium, round, somewhat hollowed at the crown and also at stalk ;
eves full; skin smooth, reddish-purple, flaked with white; flesh
pale straw-coloured. A moderate cropper. Second early.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN IN 1873 AT CHISWICK. 99

111. Pink-eyed Rusty-coat.

‘Haulm of strong but straggling growth, from 3 to 33 feet in
length; stem purplish; leaflets small, pointed, rugose, green.
Flowers deep rosy-purple, borne in great abundance, generally
sterile. Tubers large, of very irregular round form, and coarse ;
eyes wide open, of a rosy-red colour; skin smooth, white, flaked
with pink ; flesh white, firm. A heavy-cropping but rather coarse
Potato. General season.

112. Blanchard.

Synonym.—Fillpeck (Peake).

Haulm slender, spreading, from 12 to 18 inches in length ; stem
dark purple ; leaflets small, rugose, dark green. Flowers light
or pale blue, fertile. Tubers medium, round, flattened at the
crown, even and regular sample; eyes nearly all situate at
crown, full, of a dark purple colour; skin smooth, pale straw,
flaked with purple; flesh yellow, firm. A clean, pleasant-
looking Potato. Good quality. Moderate cropper. Second early.

113. Rintoul’s Striped Don.

Haulm and habit of a robust-growing Regent. Tubers very
large, roundish; eyes deeply set, of a dark purple colour; skin
rough, pale straw, streaked and flaked with purple; flesh pale,
firm. A handsome and excellent great-cropping Potato. Second
early.

114. Fortyfold.

Haulm and habit of Regent, but a little more slender. Tubers
scarcely medium size, round; eyes few, a little sunken ; skin light
reddish-purple, flaked with white; flesh white, firm. Excellent
quality. Moderate cropping. Second early.

115. Free-bearer.

Synonym.—Benson’s Round.

Haulm and habit of a strong-growing Regent, exposes the
tubers on to the surface of the ground. Tubers very large,
rather coarse, long, rounded form, like Striped Don; eyes large,
deep; skin rough, dark purple, flaked with white; flesh white,
firm. A heavy-cropping Potato, and good for general crop field
culture.

100 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

XIX. Report on Kidney Beans Grown at Chiswick in 1873. By
A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to Fruit Com-
mittee.

Runner Kipney Beans.

1. Dutch Scarlet Runners.
A much stronger grower than the English, more branching, and
with larger foliage and larger pods. It is not quite so early in
bearing, and much less prolific.

2. English Scarlet Runners.

A more slender grower than the Dutch, but earlier, and a much
better cropper.
3. Carter’s Champion.

Synonym.—Giant Scarlet Runner.
Of the same habit as the Dutch, but equally as prolific as the
English, with large pods. Commended.

4. Painted Lady (German)—Painted Lady (English).

Similar to the English Scarlet Runners, but differing in the
colour of the seed and flowers.

5. Purple-seeded Champion.
Similar to Dutch Searlet, with purplish-coloured seed.

6. Black Runners.
Similar to English Scarlet, with black seed.

7. Large White—White-seeded Scarlet Runners—White Champion.

Of the same habit as Dutch Scarlet. A great and heavy cropper.
Differing from the scarlet in having white flowers and white seed.

8. White Case Knife (French).— White Case Knife (English).—
White Dutch Runners.
Plant of straggling growth, wonderfully prolific. Pods long,

narrow, pale green. Ripe seed small, white. Inferior quality.
The French saved seed proved inferior to the English.

ssa = 4&5 BP

Pao en 6 i eS eS ee
> .

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1873. 101

9Haricot (foreign seed)—Lntestin.

Resembling White Case Knife, but smaller and inferior.

10. Eelipse Runner.
Plant of the same habit as White Case Knife. The pods some-

what coloured. Ripe seed flat, grey, striped with black.

11. St. Seurin.

Resembling Eclipse, but with smaller pods. Ripe seed flat,
grey-spotted and striped with black, distinct.

12. Mont d Or Butter Bean (Carter).

Plant of free and vigorous growth, requiring stakes from 5 to 6
feet high. Foliage pale green. The pods, which are produced in
great abundance, are from 6 to 8 inches long, of rounded form,
thick, and fleshy, of a pretty pale lemon colour, which they assume
when quite young, and retain throughout. It boils tender and is
of good quality. Ripe seed dark liver-coloured. Was awarded a
First-class Certificate.

DwarF Kinney Beans.

1. Dwarf Butter Bean (Carter).

Plant of vigorous growth, branching and bushy. Height about
2 feet. A great cropper. Pods from 3 to 4 inches long, thick and
fleshy, of a pale lemon colour, which they assume when quite
young, and retain throughout. It is tender when cooked, and of
excellent quality. Ripe seed black. Awarded a First-class Certi-
ficate.

2. Boston Angel (Vick).
Plant about 2 feet high, vigorous and bushy. A great cropper.

Pods short, showing the large seeds through. Inferior. Ripe
seed almost round, straw yellow.

8. Carter's White Advancer (Carter).

Plant moderately robust, very productive, very early. Pods
fine long green. A decided improvement on the White Canterbury.
Ripe seed small, white. Awarded a First-class Certificate.

102 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

4. White Canterbury.

Smaller and inferior to Carter’s White Advancer.

5. White Flageolet.
Small, sickly plant. Inferior.

6. Dwarf White-seeded Wax.
A very inferior variety.

7. Large-podded Karly Princess.
A sort of half runner, with small, short pods. Inferior. Ripe
seed small, nearly round, white.
8. Small-podded Early Princess.
Smaller plant than the preceding. Bad.

9. Asparagus (English).
Similar to preceding.

10. Miniature White (English).

Similar to preceding, but with very small round white seed.

11. Royal Dwarf.

Plant of compact dwarf growth, and producing a great abun-
dance of fine, medium-sized pods. Very early. Ripe seed small,
buff or light-dun colour.

12. Mewington Wonder.

Plant of compact growth, and bearing an immense number of
small thick pods in succession. On this account it is much pre-
ferred by some. Ripe seed small, buff colour. The English saved
seed of this proved superior to the Italian.

13. Mimer’s First Early Dwarf.
Plant of compact growth and very productive. Early. Ripe
seed small, nearly round, pale buff.
14. Early Gem.

Plant, &c., similar to Minier’s Early, but having much larger
seeds.

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1873. 103

15. Pale Dun—Light Dun—Long-podded Dun.

Plant vigorous. Good cropper. Second early. Ripe seed long,
pale buff or dun colour. The English saved seed of this proved
superior to the French and Italian.

16. Yellow Canterbury—New Kidney.

Plant of compact growth. Average cropper. Early. Ripe seed
long, dark yellow.

17. Yellow Six Weeks—Sir Joseph Pacton.
Very similar to preceding, but having the ripe seed small, nearly
round, dark yellow.
18. Liver Colour—Dark Dun.

Fair average cropper. Second Early. Ripe seed, long, dark
dun or liver colour.

19. Cutbush’s Giant Dwarf—Red Flageolet-—Crimson Flageolet—
Flageolet—Long-podded Purple-seeded.

Plant of strong robust growth. A great and heavy cropper.
Pods very long, thick, fleshy, and handsome. Second Early or
main crop. Ripe seed long, crimson. Awarded a First-class
Certificate.

20. Canadian Wonder.

A smaller form of the preceding.

21. Negro—Small Negro.

A very early fine prolific dwarf-habited sort. Ripe seed small,
black.

22. Negro Longpod—Long-podded Negro—Long-podded Black
Dwarf—Black Canterbury.

A stronger grower, with larger pods, and later than the Small.
Negro.
23. Pheasant’s Eye—Exhibition Dwarf—Kemsley’s New Dwarf—
Victoria.

Plant of dwarf compact habit, and a fair cropper: Ripe seed
long, white, with black eyes.

104 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

24. Nonpareil.
A fully stronger grower than Pheasant’s Eye, but similar. Ripe
seed white, crimson eye, and speckled.
25. China or Robin’s Egg. |

Plant dwarf. Pods rather small. Ripe seed small, white-
speckled red.

26. Sion House.

Plant robust, and a great cropper. The pods frequently a little
coloured. Ripe seed long, buff-speckled crimson. .

27. Dells Kidney.

Plant habit of Sion House. The pods are much coloured and
striped with dark brown, and on that account very objectionable.
Ripe seed light dun, speckled black.

28. Red-speckled (French).

Plant robust. Pods much spotted and coloured. Ripe seed
crimson-speckled.

29. Fulmer’s Forcing—Long-podded, Red-speckled, Purple-
speckled.

A good general cropping variety. Ripe seed crimson-speckled.
30. Mohawk.
A good free-bearing variety. Ripe seed dark brown-speckled.

31. Osborn’s New Early Forcing.

A fine dwarf prolific early variety. Ripe seed dark eh
sabi s Awarded a first-class Certificate.

82. Black-speckled.
A strong-growing variety. Ripe seed black-speckled.

REPORT ON TOMATOES GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1873. 105

XX. Report on Tomatoes Grown in the Garden at Chiswick in
1873. By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief.
1. Hathaway's Excelsior (Vick & Co.).

Plant of strong vigorous growth. Leaves moderately cut. Very
free-bearing. Early. Fruit large, round, generally smooth,
becoming corrugated only when grown very strong. Of a fine
red colour. Awarded a First-class Certificate.

2. Grosse Rouge Hatiwe (Large Early Red).

A fine large free-bearing early variety. Fruit large, somewhat
corrugated. Of a fine deep red colour.

3. Cedar Hill (Carter).

Same as Grosse Rouge Hative.

4. Arlington (Carter).

A good selection of Grosse Rouge Hative.

5. Harley’s Defiance.
A large and fine selection of Grosse Rouge Hative, having the
fruits but little corrugated.
6. Hepper’s Goliath.

Very strong-growing. Fruit very large, much corrugated, and
coarse. Ofa fine red colour. A shy cropper, and somewhat late.
7. Hepper’s Sensation.

Same as Hepper’s Goliath.

8. New American (Vick).

Plant moderately robust. Fruit of medium size, obovate, in
shape like a large plum, quite smooth. Of a pretty pale crimson
colour. Quite distinct. Free-bearing. Early.

9. Portsmouth (Vick).

Plant of strong robust growth. Fruit very large, corrugated.

Of a pale red colour. A late and rather shy bearer.
10. Grape Shot.

Same as Large Round Cherry.
VOL. IV. I

106 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

XXI. Report on Peas Grown in the Garden at Chiswick, 1873.
By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief.

1. Dillistone’s Early.

Description. —See Proc. R. H. §. vol. i., 341.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 20th.

2. Danecroft Rival.
Synonyms.—Sutton’s Emerald Gem ; Girling’s Danecroft.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., exlvii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 20th.

3. Vabob (Laxton).

Description.—See Proc. R. H. 8. vol. iii. N.S., cxlix.
Sown March 2l1st. Fit for use June 27th.

4. The Rector (W. Dean).

This proved nearly identical with Victoria Marrow. Foliage of
a somewhat paler green.
Deseription.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. 1., 355.

5. New var. from Capt. Brooke, New Zealand.

This proved identical with the Old Queen of the Dwarfs.
Description.—See Proc. R. H. 8. vol. i., 352.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 12th.

6. Laxton’s Prolifie Selected.

This proved to be the true Laxton’s Prolific Longpod (white-
seeded).

Deseryption.—See Proc. R. H. 8. vol. iii. N.S., cli.

7. Unique (Laxton), F.C. C., 1872.

This fully maintained the high place given to it in the trial of
1872.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., cliii.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 22nd.
y

8. Harbinger (Laxton), F. C. C., 1872.

This, which proved the earliest of all in the trial of last year,
was this year not so much in advance.

.
REPORT ON PEAS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1878. 107

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elv.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 18th.
9. Carter’s Kentish Invicta.

Deseription.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elv.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 20th.

10. William the First (Laxton), F. C0. C., 1872.

Desecription.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., cliii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 21st.
This is the earliest Green Marrow.

. 11. Laxton’s Supreme.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. 8. vol. in. N.S., eliv.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 1st.

12. The Baron (Laxton).

A hybrid Green Marrow raised by Mr. Laxton. Plant of mode-
rately robust growth, not much branched. Height from 5 to 6
feet. Pods produced in pairs, from ten to twelve on a stem,
very large, from 5 to 6 inches long, curved and pointed, of a
fine deep green colour. Very much like Superlative in appearance,
but more than a week earlier. They contain from ten to twelve
large peas of a fine green colour. Ripe seed blue, indented.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 27th.
Awarded a First-class Certificate.

13. Clipstone Hero (Bowlby).

A somewhat taller and more robust form of Burbidge’s Eclipse.
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. 1., 362.

14. Fillbasket (Laxton), F. C. C., 1872.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. ui. N.S., clix.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 3rd.

15. Supplanter (Laxton), F. C. C., 1872.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elx.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 5th.
12

108 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

16. Dwarf Green Wrinkled Marrow (Veitch).

Plant very robust, much branched. Height about 23 feet.
Foliage large, broad, bright green, glabrous, or destitute of the
usual glaucous hue, being similar in this respect to Dane-
croft Rival. Pods large, broad, pale shining green, but rather
rough. They contain from seven to eight large pale green peas,
which are very sweet and of ope quality. Ripe seed large, white,
wrinkled.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 29th.

This is a perfectly distinct Pea. It appears, however, to be
somewhat tender, as, although the plant grew well and flowered
abundantly, but very few of the pods filled out, the produce being
exceedingly small.

17. Advancer (McLean).
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. i., 370.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 26th.

18. Robert Fenn (Dean).

Synonym.—Dean’s Dwarf Marrow.
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., clxii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 5th.

19. Multum in Parvo Selected.

This was no improvement on the true Multum in Parvo.
Description.—See Proc. R. H.S. vol. iii. N.S., elxix.

20. Laxton’s Gem (Laxton).
Plant robust, branching. Height about 18 inches. Pods

produced in pairs, from eight to ten on a stem, from 3 to

3z inches long, a good deal curved and pointed, well filled, con-
taining from eight to nine good-sized peas of very excellent
quality. Ripe seed green, wrinkled.

This was selected as an improvement on Little Gem, haying
larger pods, and being more prolific than that variety.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 28rd.

Awarded a First-class Certificate.

REPORT ON PEAS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1873. 109

21. Luttle Gem (McLean).

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., clxix.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 23rd.

22. Carter’s Premium Gem (Carter).

This was considered an improvement on Multum in Parvo.
Sown March 2Ist. Fit for use June 23rd.

23. Veitch’s Perfection (Veitch).

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. i., 375.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 14th.

24. G. F. Wilson (Carter), F.C. C., 1872.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. 8. vol. iii. N.8., elxxiii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 3rd.
This fine Pea fully maintained the high character given to it in

the trial of 1872.
25. The Prince (Selected) (Dean).

This was not considered to be any improvement on the old

stock.
Description.— See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iti. N. S.,. elxiv.

26. Omega (Laxton), F.C. C., 1872.
Deseription.—See Proc. R. H.S. vol. ii. N.S., clxvii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 18th.

27. Dr. Hogg (Laxton), F.C.C., 1872.

Description.—Sce Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elxvi.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 21st. |
The earliest of the Ne Plus Ultra class of Wrinkled Peas.

28. Alpha (Laxton).
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iti. N.S., elxviii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 21st.
29. Wrinkled Marrow from Russia (Short)— Bland’s Defiance
(Bland).

These proved to be selections from Premier, but no improve-
ment.

110 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Description.—See Proc. R. H.-S. vol. iii. N.S., clxiv.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 8th.

30. Zall Green Wrinkled Marrow (Veitch).

This proved identical with Culverwell’s Prolific Marrow.
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elxxiii.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 6th.

31. Ne Plus Ultra.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elxvi.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 5th.

32. Huntingdonian.

A fine form of Champion of England.
Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. i., 371.

33. James’s Prolific Marrow (James), F. C. C., 1872.

Description.—See Proc. R. H. S. vol. iii. N.S., elxv.
Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 6th.

34. Dagmar (Laxton).

Plant robust, branching. Height about 12 inches. Pods pro-
duced in pairs, full, rounded, curved, and pointed, of a pale
green colour, from 33 to 4 inches long, and contain from seven
to eight large peas of very fine quality. Very prolific. Ripeseed
white, wrinkled. |

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 20th, at the same time as
Sangster’s No. 1.

A very fine early dwarf wririkled Pea.

Awarded a First-class Certificate.

35. The Shah (Laxton).

Plant of the habit of Sangster’s No. 1. Simple. Height about
3 feet. Pods produced singly, but abundantly, very full,
rounded, almost straight or but very slightly curved, about 3 inches
long, of a pale green colour, and contain from eight to nine very
large peas, of very fine quality. Ripe seed white, wrinkled.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use June 20th, at the same time as
Sangster’s No. 1.

An exceedingly fine early prolific white wrinkled Pea.

Awarded a First-class Certificate.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN CROCUSES. 111

36. Marvel (Laxton).

Plant of robust habit of growth, branching. Height 3 feet.
Pods produced in pairs in great abundance, very large, from
4 to 43 inches long, full, rounded, much curved and pointed,
of a light green colour, and contain from nine to eleven very large
peas, of very fine quality. Ripe seed white, wrinkled.

Sown March 21st. Fit for use July 2nd.

A remarkably handsome, large, and exceedingly productive
white wrinkled Marrow.

Awarded a First-class Certificate.

37. Challenger (Dean)—Sussex Hero (Wood & Son)—Wrinkled
White (Chamberlain).

These proved to be good stocks of British Queen.

38. Stone’s Australian Tall White Marrow.
This proved to be the Tall White Mammoth.

XXII. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Crocuses,
with their Native Countries, and References to the Works

where they are Figured. By J.G. Baxur, F.L.S., Assistant
Curator of the Kew Herbarium.

Suscentus 1. HOLOSTIGMA.—Style divided into three entire
stigmas.

b. Spring-Flowering Species.

1. C. chrysanthus, Herbert.—Roumelia and Asia Minor.

C. annulatus, var. chrysanthus, Herbert.

C. croceus, K. Koch.

C. sulphureus, Griseb. non Ker.
2. C. moesiacus, Aer.—Banat, Greece, Asia Minor.

C. vernus, Curtis Bot. Mag., t. 45, non All.

C. luteus, Lam. Red. Lil., t. 196; Hayne Arzneg. vi., t. 27;

Sturm Deutsch. Flora vii., t. 27; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 926 ;

Ic. Germ., t. 357.

C. floribundus, Haworth.

C. lageneflorus, var. luteus, Herbert.

119 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Var. 1. AvREUvs.

C. aureus, Sibth. & Sm. Flor. Gree., t. 35; Eng. Bot.
Suppl, t. 2646; Eng. Bot., edit. 3, t. 1498; Bot.
Mag., t. 2986; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 925; Reich. Ic.
Germ., t. 857.

C. lageneflorus, var., Salisb. Parad. Lond., t. 106.

C. lageneflorus, Sabine Hort. Trans. vii., t. 11, fig. 2.

C. lageneflorus, var. luteus, Herbert.

Var. 2. STELLARIS.

C. stellaris, Haworth Hort. Trans. i., p. 186, with
figure.

C. lageneflorus, var. stellaris, Herbert.

ar. 8. SULPHUREUS. _

C. sulphureus, Ker, Bot. Mag., t. 938 & 1384;
Sabine Hort. Trans. vii., t. 11, fig. 1; Reich. Ic.
Crit., t. 927.

C. flavus, Haworth.

Var. 4. Lacrevs.

C. lacteus, Sabine Hort. Trans. vii., t. 11, fig. 3; Sweet
Brit. Flow. Gard. ii., t. 194.

C. mesiacus, var., Ker, Bot. Mag., t. 1111.

3. C, gargaricus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 16, fig. 1.—Asia
Minor.

C. Thirkeanus, K. Koch.
4.C. susianus, Aer, Bot. Mag., t. 652; Red. Lil., t. 293;
Hayne Arzneg. vi., t. 28; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 928; Reich.

Ic. Germ., t. 358; Loud. Bulb. Plants, tab. 23, fig. 5.—
Crimea.

C. revolutus, Haworth.
C’. reticulatus, M. Bieb. Plant. Ross., t. 1, in part.
C. Regnerianus, K. Koch.
Var. 1. Immacutatus, Herbert.—Constantinople.
Var. 2. Ancyrensis, Herbert.—Asia Minor.

5. ©. biflorus, Jhiler, Bot. Mag., t. 845; Andr. Bot. Rep., t.
362; Red. Lil., t. 294; Reich. Exot., t. 37; Reich. Ic.
Crit., t. 935-6; Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 356; Loud. Bulb.
Plants, t. 23, fig. 8.—South Europe.

C. cureumscissus, Haworth.
C. annulatus, var. biflorus, Herbert.
Var. 1. Arncenrevs.—Central and Northern Italy.
C. argenteus, Sabine Hort. Trans. vii., tab. 11, fig. 5.
C. minimus, Bot. Mag., t. 2994, non DC.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN CROCUSES. 113

C. precox, Haworth, Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2645.

C. lineatus, Jan, Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 1259; Reich. Fl.
Germ., t. 788-9.

Var. 2. Pustttus.—Southern Italy.

C. pusillus, Tenore Mem., t.2; ‘Ten. Fl. Nap., t. 206;
Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1454; Bot. Reg., t. 1987 ; Sweet
Flow. Gard., t. 106.

Var. 3. Apvamt.—Caucasus and Crimea.

C. Adami, Gay.

C. annulatus, var. Adamicus, Herbert, Bot. Mag., t.
3868.

Var. 4. Wetvrnt, Gay.—Dalmatia.
Var. 5. Nusteenus.—Asia Minor.

C. nubigena, Herbert.

C. annulatus, var nubigena, Herbert.

6. ©. versicolor, Gawl., Bot. Mag., t. 1110 ; Sabine Hort. Trans.
vii., t. 11, figs. 6-9; Loudon Bulb. Plants, t. 23, fig. 6.—
South-west France.

C. fragrans, Haworth.
C. crestensis, Eugene.
2 C. Reinwardtii, Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 238.

7. C. suaveolens, Bertol., Tenore Fl. Nap., t. 206; Bot. Mag.,
t. 3864; Sweet Flow. Gard. i1., t. 352.—South Italy.

8. C. minimus, DC., Red. Lil., t. 81; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 941;
Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 3 59.—Sardinia and Corsica.

C. insularis, Gay, Bot. Reg. xxix., t. 21.
C. corsicus, Vanucci.
C. nanus, DC.

9. C. banaticus, Heuffel, Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 361, non Gay.—

Mountains of Hungary, Transylvania, and Croatia.
C. Heuffellii, Kornicke.
C. Heuffellianus, Herbert.
C. vittatus, Schlosser.

10. C. vernus, Aliion, Eng. Bot., t. 344; 3 edit., t. 1499 ; Jacq.
Austr. v., t. 36; Red. Lil., t. 266; Reich. Exot., t. 22 ;
Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 929 to 934; Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 355;
Fl. Dan., t. 2042 ; Sabine Hort. Trans. vii., t. 11, fig. 11 to 19
(a set of garden varieties).—Central and Southern Europe,
from France to the Crimea.

Var. 1. ALBIFLORUS.
C. albiflorus, Kit. Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 1255; Reich. Ic. Germ.,
t. 787.

114 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

C. montanus, Hoppe.
C’. siculus, Tineo.
Var. 2. Osovatus, Bot. Mag., t. 2240.
C. obovatus, Haworth.
C. vernus, var. neapolitanus, Gawl. Bot. Mag., t. 860.
Var. 3. Nivicznus, Herbert.—Steppes of Odessa.
Var. 4. Tommasrytanus.—Dalmatia.
C. Tommasinianus, Herbert.
? Var. 5. NeERvIFoiius.
C. nervifolius, Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 942-8.

11. ©. Sieberi, Gay, Bot. Mag., t. 6036.—Greece, Crete, and

Asia Minor.
C. mvalis, Bory & Chaub. Expl. Mor., t. 2, fig. 1; Bot.
Reg. xxxiil., t. 4, fig. 2.
C. Sieberianus, Herbert.
C. sublimis, Herbert.
C. Sibthorpianus, Herbert.
Var. 1. Articus.—Greece.
C. atticus, Orphanides.
Var. 2. VeLucnEnsis.—Greece and Translyvania.
C. veluchensis, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 4, fig. 8.
C uniflorus, Schur.
Var. 3. Exieuus.—Transylvania.
C. exiguus, Schur. ‘ :
? C baleanensis, Janka.*—Balkan.
? C. thessalus, Boiss. & Sprun.—Thessaly.
? C. alatavicus, Semen. & Regel.—Turkestan.

12. ©. carpetanus, Boiss. § Reut., Mem. Madrid iv., t. 4.—
Spain.

13. ©. reticulatus, 7. Bied., Pl. Ross., t. 1 in part; Reich. Ie.
Crit., t. 989-940; Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 356.—Caucasus,
Asia Minor, Austria.

C. variegatus, Hoppe. & Hornsch. Tagebuch, t. 1; Sturm
Deutsch. Flora xiii., t. 54.
C. reticulatus, var. variegatus, —
C. micranthus, Boissier.
Vor. 1. Atsicans, Herb., Bot. iy Xxxili., t. 16, fig. 2.
Var. 2. Datmaticus. LD a lnabiak

* Of the plants marked with a note of interrogation before the names I
have not seen authentic specimens, and do not find anything definite in the
descriptions to distinguish them from the species under which they are placed.

MR. BAKER'S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN CRocusES. 115

C. dalmaticus, Vis. Fl. Dalm. Suppl., t. 2.
Var ? 3. Erruscus.—Tuscany.
C. etruscus, Parlatore.

2. Autumn-Flowering Spectes.

14. C, sativus, Zinn., Lam. Ency., t. 30; Red. Lil., t. 173;
Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 8360; Eng. Bot., t. 343; Royle Him.
Illust., t. 91, fig. 1; Loudon Bulb. Plant., t. xxiii., fig. 2
—Italy.

C. Orsinii, Parlatore.
C. Haussknechtit, Boissier.—Kurdistan.
2 C. intromissus, Herbert.—Damascus.

15. CO. Cartwrightianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxx., t. 3, fig. 6;
Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 87, fig. 6-7; Moore Floral Mag.,
1850, 11., p. 273, with figure.—Greece.

16. C. Pallasii, 17, Bieb.—Crimea.

C. Pallasianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxx., t. 3, fig. 2

17. C. Thomasii, Zenore, Mem. Croc., t. 4; Ten. Fl. Nap., t.
204-5; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 951.—South Italy.

C. Thomasianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxx., t. 3, fig. 6.

18. C. Visianicus, Herbert.—Dalmatia.

C. Pallas, Visiani, Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 360, non MB.
? C. hybernus, Fridvald.—Roumelia.

19. C. hadriaticus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 16, fig. 7-9.
—Albania and Ionian Islands.

20. C. Cambessedesii, Gay.—Majorca.

C. Cambessedesianus, Herb. Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig. 4.

21. C. lazicus, Boissier.—Asia Minor.

22. C. peloponnesiacus, Orphan.—Greece.

23. C. Kotsehyanus, H. Hoch.—Mountains of Cilicia.

C. zonatus, J. Gay.
? O. Karduchorum, Kotschy.

24 ©. Scharojani, Ruprecht, Regel Gartenfl., t. 578, fig. 2.—
Western Caucasus, 6-7000 feet.

Sungenus 2. ODONTOSTIGMA.—Style divided into three

stigmas, which are fringed or cut at the tip.

1. Spring-Flowering Species.

25. C. Olivieri, Gay, Bot. Mag., t. 6031.—Greece.
C. lagenceflorus, var. Oliviercanus, Herbert.
C. Aucheri, Boiss.

116 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

26. C. Suterianus, Herbert.—Anatolia.
C. chrysanthus, Herb. Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 4, fig. 1.
27. C. aleppicus, Baker.—Aleppo.
28. ©. aerius Herbert.—Mountains of Armenia, 6-7000 feet.
C. Sibthorpianus, var. stawricus, Herbert.
Var. 1. Putcuricoror, Herb.—Bithynia.
2? C. Pestalozza, Boiss.
? C. cyprius, Boiss. & Kotschy.—Cyprus.
29. ©. Imperati, Zenore, Mem. Croc., t. 3.; Ten. Fl. Nap.,
t. 206; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 937; Bot. Reg., t. 1993 ; Sweet
Flow. Gard. i1., t. 98.—South Italy.

2. Autumn-Flowering Species.

30. ©. longiflorus, Raff, Caratt., t. 19, fig. 2; Reich. Ic. Crit.,
t. 946; Tenore Fl. Nap., t. 201; Parl. Ic. Rar. Panorm.,
t.2; Bot. Reg. xxx., t. 3, fig. 4.—Sicily, Calabria.

C. odorus, Biv. Bern. Stirp. Rar. Sic. ii1., t. 2.
C. serotinus, Bertol. non Salisb.
Var. 1. Metrrensts, Herb., Bot. Reg. xxx., t. 3, fig. 5.—
Malta.

31. €. serotinus, Salisb., Parad., t. 30; Bot. Mag. t. 1267;

Loud. Bulb. Plant., t. 23, fig. 4.—Portugal.

Var. 1. Satzmanni.—Tangiers.
C. Salzmanni, Gay, Bot. Mag., t. 6000.
C. Salzmannianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 4, fig. 4.
C. tingitanus, Herbert.

32. C. caspius, /’sch.—South shore of the Caspian.

83. ©. vallicola, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiu, t. 16, fig. 3.—
Mountains of Armenia.

C. Suwarrowranus, K. Koch.

34. C. ochroleucus, Boiss. § Blanche, Bot. Mag., t. 5297.—
Palestine.

35. C. damascenus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig. 1.—
Damascus.

C’. edulis, Boiss. & Blanche.

Suscenus 38. SCHIZOSTIGMA.— Style divided into three
stigmas, each of which is again slit into numerous deep, slender,
spreading lobes.

1. Spring-Flowering Species.
36. C. vitellinus, Wahl.—Palestine.

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN CROCUSES. Liy

C. syriacus., Boiss. & Gaill. non Herbert.
Var. 1. Batansm.—Smyrna.
C. Balanse, J. Gay.
37. ©. syriacus, Herbert.—Aleppo.
38. ©. Fleischeri, Gay.— Asia Minor.
C Fleischerianus, Herbert.
C. smyrnensis, Poech.
C. candidus, ‘‘ Clarke ”’ Boiss.
C. pemeillatus, Steudel.
39. C. hyemalis, Bovss. § Blanche.—Palestine.
Var. 1. Garttarvoru, Boiss.—Anti-Lebanon range.

2. Autumn-Flowering Species.

- 40. C. Glusii, Gay.—Portugal.
C. Clusianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig. 8.
C. autumnalis var. multifidus, Brotero Phyl. Lus., t. 94. é
41. C. Boryi, Gay, Bory & Chaub. Expl. Moree, t. 3; Moore
Floral Mag., 1850, ii., p. 273, with figure.—Greece and
Tonian Islands.
C. ionicus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiil., t. 16, fig. 10.
C. veneris, Tappeiner.
Var. 1. Lavieatus.—Greece.
C. levigatus, Bory & Chaub. Expl. Moree, t. 2.
Var. 2. Tournrrortz.—Greek Archipelago.
C. Tourneforti, Gay.
C. Tournefortianus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig. 3.
Var. 3. OrnpHANtipIs.—Greece.
C. Orphanidis, Hook. fil. Bot. Mag., t. 5776.
2 C. parvulus, Herbert.
49. ©. cancellatus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. 37, t. 16, fig. 4.—
Tonian Isles, Greece, Asia Minor.
C. nudifiorus, Sibth. & Smith.
C. Schimpert, J. Gay.
C. Sprunert, Boiss. & Held.
C. dianthus, K. Koch.
C. Mazziaricus, Herbert, Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 16, fig. 5-6.
CO. pylarum, J. Gay.
C. cilieius, Kotschy.
43. C. medius, Balbis, Bot. Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig.5; Mogeridge
_ Cont. Mentone, t. 20.—Nice, Piedmont.
44, ©. nudiflorus, Smith, Eng. Bot., t. 491 ; 3 edit., t. 1500;

118 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Baxt. Brit. Plants, t. 137.—Pyrenees, Spain, Central
France, and naturalised in England.
C. pyreneus, (Parkinson) Herbert.
C. multifidus, Ramond Bull. Phil., 1800, t. 8.
C. speciosus, Wils. Eng, Bot. Supp., t. 2752, non MB.
Var. 1. Asturicus.—North Spain.
C. asturicus, Herbert.

45. C. speciosus, 17. Aieb., Cent. Ross., t. 71; Bot. Mag., t.
3861; Regel Gartenfl., t. 379; Bot. Reg. xxyv., t. 40;
Loud. Bulb. Plants., t. 23, fig. 1.—Hungary, Transylvania,
Crimea, Caucasus.

C. multifidus, Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 947, non Ramond.

46. C. pulchellus, Herbert, Bot. Reg., xxx., t.3; Moore Floral’
Mag., 1850, il., p. 2738, with figure.—Turkey in Europe,
Greece.

47. ©. byzautinus, (Parkinson) Ker, Bot. Mag., t. 1111 ; Bot.
Reg. xxxi., t. 37, fig. 2; xxxiil., t. 4, fig. 5—Banat, Tran-
sylvania, Wallachia.

C. sridiflorus, Heuffel, Reich. Ic. Germ., t. 361.
C. banaticus, Gay non Heuffel.

C. speciosus, Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 948 non MB.
C. Herbertianus, Kornicke:

Crociris iridiflora, Schur.

INDEX TO CROCUS NAMES.

Tue numbers refer to the species. ‘The names in italics are those adopted
for the plants admitted as good species. The others are varieties or synonyms,
or plants respecting which further information is wanted.

Adami, 5 banaticus, Gay, 47

aerius, 28 biflorus, 5

alatavicus, 11 Boryi, 41

albicans, 13 Boryanus, 41

albiflorus, 10 byzantinus, 47

aleppicus, 27 Cambessedesii, 20 |
ancyrensis, 4 Cambessedesianus, 20 !
annulatus, 5 cancellatus, 42
annulatus chrysanthus, 1 candidus, 38 |
argenteus, 5 carpetanus, 12 4
asturicus, 44 Cartwrightianus, 15 :
atticus, 11 caspius, 32 ;
Aucheri, 25 chrysanthus, Herb., 1 .
aureus, 2 chrysanthus, Bot. Reg., 26 4
autumnalis multifidus, 40 cilicius, 42 4
Balansee, 36 circumscissus, 5

balcanensis, 11 Clusit, 40

banaticus, Heuf., 9 Clusianus, 40

MR. BAKER’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF ALL KNOWN croousEs. 119

crestensis, 6
croceus, 1
cyprius, 28
dalmaticus, 13
damascenus, 35
dianthus, 42
edulis, 35
etruscus, 13
exiguus, 11
Fleiseherz, 38
Fleischerianus, 38
floribundus, 2
fragrans, 6
Gaillardotii, 39
gargaricus, 3
hadriaticus, 19
Haussknechtii, 14
Herbertianus, 47
Heuffellii, 9
Heuffellianus, 9
hybernus, 18
hyemalis, 39
immaculatus, 4
Imperati, 29
insularis, 8
intromissus, 14
ionicus, 41
iridiflorus, 47
Karduchorum, 23
Kotschyanus, 23
lacteus, 2
leevigatus, 41
lagenzeflorus, 2
lazicus, 21
lineatus, 5

luteus, 2
longiflorus, 30
mazziaricus, 42
medius, 43
melitensis, 30
minimus, DC., 8
minimus, Bot. Mag., 5
moesiacus, 2
montanus, 10
multifidus, Ram., 44
multifidus, Reich., 45
nanus, 8
neapolitanus, 10
nervifolius, 10
nivalis, 11
nivigenus, 10
nubigenus, 5
nudifiorus, Sm., 44
nudiflorus, Sibth. § Sm., 42
obovatus, 10
ochroleucus, 34
Olivieri, 25
Orsinii, 14
Pallasianus, 16
Pallasir, M.B., 16
Pallasii, Reich., 18

parvulus, 41
peloponnesiacus, 22
penicillatus, 38
Pestalozze, 28
preecox, 5
pulchellus, 46
pusillus, 5
pylarum, 42
pyrenaus, 44
Reinwardtii, 6
reticulatus, 13
revolutus, 4
Roegnerianus, 4
Salzmanni, 31
Salzmannianus, 31
sativus, 14
Scharojani, 24
Schimperi, 42
serotinus, Salisb., 31
serotinus, Bert., 30
Sibthorpianus, 11
siculus, 10

Sieberi, 11
Sieberianus, 11
smyrnensis, 38
speciosus, M.B., 45
speciosus, Reich. 47
speciosus, Wiils,, 44
Spruneri, 42
stauricus, 28
suaveolens, 7
sublimis, 11
sulphureus, Grised., 1
sulphureus, Ker., 2
susianus, 4
Suterianus, 26
Suwarrowianus, 33
syriacus, Boiss., 36
syriacus, Herb., 37
thessalus, 11
Thirkeanus, 3
Thomasianus, 17
Thomasii, 17
tingitanus, 31
Tommasinianus, 10
Tournefortianus, 41
Tourneforti, 41
uniflorus, 11
vallicola, 38
variegatus, 13
veluchensis, 11
veneris, 41

vernus, Curt., 2
vernus, All., 10
versicolor, 6
Visianicus, 18
vittatus, 9
vitellinus, 36
Weldeni, 5
zonatus, 23

120 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

XXIII. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticul-
tural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick, by W. Srryxs. Reduced
by R. Srracnan, Meteorological Office.

Tue readings of the barometer and thermometer are all corrected _

for instrumental errors (which have been ascertained at the Kew
Observatory), and those of the barometer are reduced to the tem-
perature of 32° Fah., and to mean sea-level.

The rain gauge is 25 feet above sea-level.

The temperature of evaporation is regularly observed, but is not
- given here. It has been considered preferable to give the dew-
point, which has been calculated from this observation by means *
Glaisher’s factors.

The figures denoting the estimated force of the wind signify as
follows:—1, light air; 2, light breeze; 3, gentle breeze; 4, mode-
rate breeze; 5, fresh breeze; 6, strong breeze; 7, moderate gale ;
8, fresh gale; 9, strong gale; 10, whole gale; 11, storm; 12,
hurricane.

The notations of weather are, for brevity, expressed by letters,
which signify as follows:—b, blue sky ; c, detached clouds ; 0, over-
cast; f, fog; m, mist; r, rain; h, hail; s, snow; d, drizzle;
p, passing showers; q, squalls; t, thunder; 1, lightning. A letter
repeated denotes intensity.

[A reduction of these observations has been published by Mr.
Glaisher in the Registrar-General’s Report, but the results given
by him are different, probably owing to the corrections not being
applied to each observation, but to the monthly means.—Eps. |

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PXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. 1x

Apri 3, 1872. «

:

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Messrs. Veitch for Oxcr-
dium Crasus ; to Mr. Bull for Zalacca edulis and Dracena metallica ;
and to Messrs F. and A. Smith for Azalea, Beauty of Surrey, a
superior white. A Cultural Commendation was given for Masde-
vallia Lindeni to Mr. J. Linden, who also sent Vriesia corallina
and Zillandsia Lindent vera. Mr. Ware sent a superb variety of
Iris wberica, while a new Oncidium came from the Society’s
collection.

SPRING SHOW.

- Prizes for Odontoglossums were awarded to Mr. J. Ward, gar-
dener to F. G. Wilkins, Esq., Mr. Bull, and Mr. J. Linden ; for
Cyclamens, to Mr. Goddard, gardener to H. Little, Esq., and Mr.
R. Clarke; for Cinerarias, to Mr. R. Marcham, gardener to E.
Oates, Esq., Messrs. Dobson and Sons, and Mr. James, gardener to
F. W. Watson, Esq. Mr. Baxter, gardener to C. Kieser, Esq.,
was the only exhibitor of Amaryllis, and also sent some remark-
able seedlings. One of the most interesting features of the Show
was the fine group of Clematis from Mr. Charles Noble, while
Roses and Orchids were well represented, and three boxes of
terrestrial Orchids came from the Comte de Paris.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were awarded to Dr. Moore, of
Glasnevin, for a fruit of the Chocolate Plant ; to Mr. C. Baldwin,
gardener to B. Drew, I'sq., for six very handsome Cucumbers ; and

to Mr. Woodham, gardener to H. D. Pochin, Esq., for Keens’

Seedling Strawberries. A First-class Certificate was given to M.
A. de Biseau d’Hauteville for a seedling Pear named Beurré de
VOL. Iv. b

x ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Biseau. Messrs. Stuart and Mein sent splendid specimens, blanched
under boxes or Seakale pots, of their improved Dandelion, which
ought to be more cultivated for spring salads. Two bunches of
Lady Downe’s Grapes, cut March 30, were not remarkable in point
of flavour. Mr. Dodds, of Ashton Court, sent a simple contrivance |
for preserving cut Grapes.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
J. H. Girsert, Ph.D., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The Chairman made a communication with respect to the
Coorongite, or Australian Caoutchouc. Like Elaterite, it is probably
a mineral in admixture with an oxidised substance. Considerable
difference in the ultimate composition of different specimens may
therefore be expected.

Dr. Masters described a flower of a Fuchsia in which there was :
petalody of the stamens ; and the ovary, from arrest of development, ;
was superior instead of inferior.

Professor Thiselton Dyer read a translation of a paper by Bous-
singatul, ‘“‘On the Production of Honey-Dew”’ (see Journ. N.S.,
vol. iv., pp. 1—7).

Prof. Thiselton Dyer read an extract from a letter from G. Gul-
liver, Esq. F.R.S., to the effect that succulent plants, contrary to
what might perhaps have been supposed, are not more prone to the
production of raphides than other plants. He had in vain examined
our succulent seaside plants for raphides. He had looked for them

in Chenopodiaceae, Brassicacea, and Crithmum.

GENERAL MEETING.
J. RussELL REEVES, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Marshall commented on a distinet form of Odontoglossum
Andersonianum, remarking that these hybrids had not been named
botanically according to their various peculiarities, as there were
more hybrids of the same origin.

Professor Thiselton Dyer directed attention to some flowering
branches of fruit-trees from Chiswick, to show the serious”
effects of the frost of the previous week. The interesting
point was the effect produced when the flowers were in

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. xi

bud; for, though they subsequently opened, the carpels were
killed. In Pears especially, not only were the carpels
blackened, but also the anthers and the dise on which they
were inserted. |

Aprit 17, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

A Silver Flora Medal was awarded to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for a
plant of Odontoglossum Phalenopsis having nearly seventy flowers
fully expanded. First-class Certificates were given to Messrs. Ivery
for the dwarf Hedera Helix conglomerata, for Polystichum angulare
confluens variegatum, and P. a. proliferum Henleye; to Messrs.
Veitch for Croton lacteum ; to Mr. B. S. Williams for Rhopala elegan-
tissima, Hort. ; to Messrs. Rollisson for Erica Neitneriana ; and to
- M. Louis van Houtte for Azalea indica-J. G. Veitch, S. Rucker,
and Marie van Houtte. A Second-class was also given for another
variety, Comtesse Eugénie de Kerchove. A Cultural Commen-
dation was given to Mr. J. Linden for several Odontoglossums.

AZALEA AND AURICULA SHOW.

Messrs. Lane were first for Azaleas, and Mr. Turner second.
Messrs. Lane were alone with forced Rhododendrons in pots and
cut trusses. Messrs. Turner were first for Auriculas, and Mr.
James, gardener to W. F. Watson, Esq., second. In the Amateur
Class the Rev. H. H. Dombrain was first, and Mr. James second.
Mr. Turner sent the best Alpine or Fancy Auriculas, Mr. James
_ second, and Mr. Goddard third.

The Metropolitan Floral Society’s Prizes were awarded to the
Rev. H. H. Dombrain, Mr. James, and Mr. Goddard for the six
best Show Auriculas. The best green-edged were from Mr. Turner,
the Rev. H. H. Dombrain, and Mr. James, who, in the same
order, exhibited in the grey-edged class. Mr. Turner was first for

a white-edged variety, Mr. Dombrain and Mr. James following.
The best self was Spalding’s Metropolitan from Mr. Dombrain,
52

xii ROYAL PORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Campbell’s Pizarro from Mr. Turner second. Mr. James and Mr.
H. Hooper staged the best Show Pansies, and Mr. Ware sent the
best collection of hardy spring flowers. A Cultural Commendation
was given to Mr. G. Bland, gardener to the Earl of Kilmorey, for
Anthurium Scherzerianum with fifteen spathes.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A Cultural Commendation was given to J. B. Fernyhough, Esq.,
for a seedling plant of the Avocado Pear (Persea gratissima), grown
in an ordinary Hyacinth-glass filled with water. It was raised from
a seed taken from the fruit exhibited the previous September.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
Anprew Morray, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair.

Dr. Welwitsch made a communication on some ornamental plants
from Angola which it was desirable to introduce into horticulture,
and exhibited specimens. A new species of Maranta was remark-
able for its unsymmetrical leaves, elliptical on one side, oblong on
the other, and white beneath, except a marginal band on the
elliptical side. A scandent species of Phrynium was a remarkable
exception to the scitamineous habit; its fruit also was curiously
three-sided. It was suggested that this was a plant which, like
some Indian species of Combretum and an Eguisetum, climbs when
it gets an opportunity. A variety of Dusa sapientum possessed
foliage of a blood-red colour. Dr. Welwitsch also exhibited seeds
of I. ventricosa, Welw., a near ally of Jf. Ensete. ‘A trifoliate
species of Gardenia, about eight feet high, with flowers of
the richest orange, produced wood resembling that of Box;
the natives hung up branches of it as a charm against lightning.
Two species of Mussenda: were shown, one of which (JZ. splen-
dida, Welw.) was a climber, easy of propagation, and with red
sepaline lobes. Lvstrostachys Welwitsch, Rchb. f., was a
remarkable exception to its epiphytal allies in habit. © This
grew upon the bare rock, spreading its branching roots upon the
scanty soil. :

Mr. Berkeley suggested that the peculiarities of the leaves of
the Maranta were due to the convolute vernation. »

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. Xlll

Professor Thiselton Dyer stated that a very similar Phrynium,
with weak, scrambling stems extending to twenty fect, is known
from Upper Guinea.

A note was read from Dr. Boswell-Syme, ‘‘ On the Fertilisation
of Grasses” (Journ. N.S., iv., pp. 7-8).

Mr. McLachlan stated that the flowers of Juncacee were visited
by insects.

A further note from Dr. Boswell-Syme stated that at Balmuto a
Spanish Chestnut never fruits. The styles are apparently perfect,
but the anthers are not developed from want of heat. At Culross,
twenty miles to the west, by the Forth, which is much warmer,
fruit is ripened in all but unfavourable years.

Mr. Berkeley laid before the Committee specimens of Cinchona
bark brought from the Nilghiris by Dr. Thomson, showing the
rapid development of new bark in places from which the old
bark had been previously stripped off, the exposed surface
being protected from the action of the atmosphere by a covering
of moss. Fifteen months is sufficient to reproduce bark fit for
commercial purposes.

GENERAL MEETING. ova
J. Bareman, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley remarked that the diseased Peach-trees, which have
lately been brought several times under the notice of the Com-
’ mittee, had been affected partly by climatic conditions and partly
by the bad state of their roots. The celebrated tree at Chatsworth,
which had greatly declined, was effectually restored by supplying
entirely new soil. As regarded some diseased shoots before the
meeting, a specimen of the soil, consisting greatly of Beech-mast
covered with fungous spawn, was a suflicient indication of the
cause. It was, however, impossible always to assign the cause.
Two seedling Figs raised by himself and Dr. Hogg were both
affected by a similar canker. Specimens of Cinchona bark were
sent by Dr. Thomsor fromthe Nilghiris, where the trees were
allowed to grow three years before the bark was stripped off, a
portion of the old bark being left, which caused the young bark to
grow freely and well.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer made some remarks on Dr. Welwitsch’s speci-

XIV ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

mens laid before the Scientific Committee, showing the important.
help which botanists could give by indicating plants fit for horti-
culture. Ceylon, for example, contained a Gordonia quite un-
known in Europe, except from dried specimens, which has flowers
nearly four inches in diameter.

May 1, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were awarded to Mr. J. Linden for Odon-
toglossum brevifolium ; to Messrs. Veitch for Pentstemon Menziesii,
var. Robinsont ; to Messrs. Rollisson for Dracena lentiginosa ; to Mr.
B. 8. Williams for Zamia cycadefolia ; to Mr. Croucher for Echinocactus
Mirbelii ; to Messrs. Henderson for Bowvardia longifolia flammea ;
to Messrs. Ivery for Azalea indica-Fanny Ivery ; to Mr. Turner for
Alpine Auriculas, Mercury and Colonel Scott ; and to Mr. Hooper,
Bath, for Pansies, Crimson Beauty, Mrs. Eyles, and Prince of
Wales. A Cultural Commendation was awarded to Mr. Green for
an interesting group of plants, amongst which were several species
of Calochortus ; to Messrs. Veitch for varieties of Odontoglossum
Alexandre; to J. Russell, Esq., for cut Orchids ; and to Mr.
Baines for magnificent specimens of Sarracenias. Mr. Baines attri-
buted the splendid state of the plants to their being kept only
moderately moist to prevent rotting, while they require previously
a constant supply of water during the period of growth, but not
from a pan placed underthem. S. Drummondit alba must not be
potted when the other forms are, in early spring, but in August,
when all the old soil should be removed and replaced with the
best fibrous peat, sphagnum, and sand. The Committee thought
that they deserved a Silver Flora Medal.

ROSE AND AZALEA SHOW.

The Prizes in the Rose Classes were obtained as follows:—Mr.
Turner and Messrs. Paul for nine; Messrs. Veitch for six. In the
Amateur Class the best came from Mr. E. Ellis, gardener to J.
Galsworthy, Esq.; Mr. Baxter, and Mr. J. James. In Azaleas

a ie

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. KV

Messrs. Lane were first, Mr. F. Hill, gardener to H. Taylor, Esq.,
second, and Mr. Turner third. The First Prize for three, confined to
Amateurs who had not previously taken the Society’s Prize for
Azaleas, was gained by Mr. F. Hill; Mr. James was second, and
Mr. J. Herrington third. For Auriculas Mr. Turner had the best
twelve show varieties; the Rev. H. H. Dombrian the best six
amongst Amateurs, and Mr. James was second, who also staged the
best Calceolarias. Mr. Denning was first with Orchids, Mr. Bull
second, and Mr. G. Wheeler third. Extra Prizes were awarded to
Messrs. Veitch for Roses in pots, Japanese Maples, and Spireas; toe
Mr. Noble for new varieties of Clematis, grouped with Spirea
palmata ; to Mr. Turner for Roses; to Mr. B. 8. Williams for fine-
foliaged and flowering plants; to Mr. Ware for hardy spring plants ;
to Mr. W. Paul for Maréchal Niel and other cut Roses; to Mr.
Denning for Orchids; and to Messrs. Standish for Hucharis
amazonica.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. F. Dancer for
Connover’s Colossal Asparagus, a very fine variety which is
excellent when cooked. A Cultural Commendation was voted to
Mr. Stevens, gardener to the Duke of Sutherland, for Black
Circassian and Elton Cherries; to Mr. D. M‘Kellar, gardener to C.
Magniac, Esq., for Marguerite Strawberries; to Mr. Hepper,
gardener to E. D. Lee, Esq., for Dr. Hogg Strawberries; to Mr.
J. Tegg, gardener to J. Walter, Esq., for Violette and Brown
Turkey Figs and Grapes; and to Messrs. Wright for Black
Hamburgh Grapes.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
W. W. Savnpers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley reported, on the authority of Dr. Thwaites,
that the Coffee Fungus in Ceylon was dying out. Mr.
Berkeley also exhibited Peach-shoots ‘‘ gumming,”’ and re-
peated his oft-expressed opinion, that the disease in question is
due to alternations of temperature, and especially to the contact of
cold water. ‘The circular holes in the leaves he attributed to drops

XVI ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

of water, acting like burning lenses, or possibly by chilling the
tissues.

The Chairman expressed nis opinion that the holes in question

were produced by insect-puncture (Thrips ?), and a consequent un- —

equal contraction of the tissues of the leaf, ultimately resulting in
the death of a circular portion of the leaf, and by its falling out
leaving a hole as if punched out.

The Chairman also showed a remarkable dwarf variety of
Cupressus macrocarpa, about 4 inches high, and as many through.
The plant, which was nine years old, had been obtained from seed
by Messrs. Garraway, of Bristol. Some doubt was expressed as to
its belonging to C. macrocarpa at all ; in any case it isa very remark-
able plant, analogous in habit to the Clanbrasilian Fir. |

The Chairman also exhibited bulbs of Amaryllis in a decayed
state, and partially eaten by the larva of a Dipterous insect, Hristalis
entricarius, which it is surmised might have been introduced with
liquid manure.

Mr. Miers exhibited specimens of a new and apparently valuable
fibre, obtained from a Brazilian climbing plant with opposite leaves.
The abr appeared so abundant and so good that further particulars
were requested.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer communicated an additional note with
respect to Honey-Dew (Journ. N. S., vol. iv., pp. 6-7).

GENERAL MEETING.
James Bateman, Ksq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Marshall spoke very highly of Mr. Peacock’s collection of

succulent plants as most worthy of inspection.

In allusion to the poisoning of a clergyman in Norfolk by sus-
picious Mushrooms, Mr. Berkeley advised amateurs to exercise very
great caution before they ate doubtful kinds.

Mr. Barvr’s splendid double Narcissi were obtained by Bee
the planting of the bulbs till January.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer called attention to the traces of inte con-
colorous with those of the flowers in the foliage of Cinerarias. This

was a matter of some theoretic interest, because it seemed to show that |

the colours of flowers were produced by a process possibly of oxida-
tion from elaborated matters, such as already existed in the foliage.
It was known that, while deoxidation took place in the leaves, oxida-

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XVil

tion was the rule in flowers ; perhaps it also took place in the hairs
with which the under-surface of the Cineraria leaves were clothed,
and in which the colour seemed to reside. A French chemist,
Persoz, had grown plants of Impatiens in indigotic acid, and had
found that the dye in-the leaves was deoxidised and bleached,
whereas in the flowers the colour was restored.

May 15, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Mr. Denning for an
annamed species of Wasdevallia and Odontoglossum coronarium ; to
M. Jean Verschaffelt for Agave robusta, A. Leopoldii, A. Killischir,
and Buonapartea hystrix vera; to KE. Foster, Esq., for Show Pelar-
goniums, Chancellor and Naomi; to Mr. D. 8. Thompson for
Gloxinia, Cecilia; and to Mr. Turner for Carnations, Empress of
Germany, Marchioness of Westminster, and Princess Christian, and
for Azalea grandis, the best salmon-red yet seen. Cultural Com-
mendations were awarded to Mr. Chambers, gardener to J. Lau-
rence, Esq., for cut blooms of Rhododendron Dalhousianum ; to Mr.
Green for Bromeliads; and to Mr. R. Dean for a new Wallflower-
leaved pyramidal Stock.

SECOND MAY SHOW.

Mr. Turner and Messrs. Paul had a hard contest for the principal
Rose Class, as also for twelve specimen plants of Roses. The
Prizes given by Mr. Peacock for twenty-four distinct species of
Agave were gained by W. B. Kellock, Esq., and M. Verschaffelt,
to whom several First-class Certificates were awarded. The best

‘twelve hardy perennials came from Mr. R. Parker and Mr. Ware.
_ Mr. Turner took the Prize for Carnations, given by G. R. G.

Ricketts, Esq. Extra Prizes were awarded to Mr. B. S. Williams
for a large group of flowering plants, including many novelties ;
to Messrs. Veitch for Roses in pots and young Rhododendrons; to
Mr. Ware for alpine and hardy plants; to Mr. Pestridge for small

XVlll ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

baskets of Tricolor Pelargoniums ; to Messrs. Dobson for herbaceous
Calceolarias; to Mr. W. Davis for Show Pelargoniums, excellent
market varieties; to Mr. W. Paul for cut Roses; to Messrs.
Standish for Hucharis amazonica; and to M. Verschaffelt for a
very handsome pair of Bay Trees.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was given to Mr. J. Munro for his
seedling Melon, ‘‘ Little Heath,” a scarlet-fleshed acquisition for
early work, and which is very prolific. A Cultural Commendation
was given to Mr. J. Tegg, gardener to J. Walter, Esq., for Black
Hamburgh and Buckland Sweet Water Grapes, and nicely-coloured
fruit of Grosse Mignonne Peach. Mr. Gardiner sent Apricots and
Pear shoots, to illustrate the beneficial effects of protecting the
trees when in bloom with (Frigi Domo) canvas. Henry Webb,
Esq., sent Pears attacked by a small fly, and offered a Prize of £5
to anyone who will point out how the evil effects of the insect can
be prevented. Messrs. Carter’s Prizes for First Crop Pea were
taken by Mr. J. W. Chard, Mr. G. Brown being second, who was
first in the other Class with Little Gem.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley made some remarks with respect to the Austra-
lian Vine Disease, described in the ‘‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,”
May 4, 1872 (pp. 607-8), by Mr. McArthur. The spots on the
berries were not the same as those on the stems; they were uncon-
nected with any fungoid growth, but the former were perhaps due
to a Glaosporium or Phoma. He understood that in the year when
the disease had been at its worst, there had been a rainfall of sixty
inches; he concluded that this had something to do with the
matter, though the disease appeared to have existed in Australia
from the earliest period of Vine cultivation. 7

Mr. Berkeley also exhibited a Vine shoot from his own
vinery, which had rotted at the nodes in a quite unaccountable
way. He could not help thinking that this had something in

common with the disease which proved so fatal to Phalenopsis.

Too much moisture at the roots, arising from the superabundant
rainfall, was suggested as the cause of the malady in Mr. Berkeley’s
case. Leaves of an Apricot were shown, which appeared to have

a -

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age

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EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. xix

been attacked by some small Lepidopterous larva, probably belong-
ing to the family of the Zortricide.

A communication was read from Mr. Anderson-Henry ‘On
Hybrids of Arabis,” published in the ‘‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,”’
May 18, 1872 (pp. 671—2). [From notes by Prof. Thiselton Dyer
and Mr. Anderson-Henry, published in the ‘‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle ”
for July 27 and August 3, 1872 (pp. 1007 and 1040), some acci-
dental error would appear to have vitiated the experiments. |

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a stem of sprouting Broccoli,
which having been cut too low down, had thrown out numerous
adventitious buds below ground from its roots. (See accompanying
woodcuts. )

xX ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

|
!

Mr. Andrew Murray showed specimens to prove that Dr.
Roberts’s method of treating trees affected with Scolytus could do
little to repair their already diseased condition. Courval’s plan
of dressing the trees after pruning equally failed to produce any
true union between the old wood and the new.

Mr. McLachlan said that it was only trees which were already
diseased which were attacked by the Scolytus; the insect, in fact,
had no chance except in a feeble tree. Mr. Wallace and Mr. Bates
equally failed to find wood-eating beetles in the native forests ;
they were only met with where clearings were being made.

GENERAL MEETING.
W. W. Savunpers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley brought a flowering plant of Lupinus rivularis, raised
from seeds gathered on the banks of the Dee below Ballater, where
it is perfectly naturalised. He then alluded to a case of disease
in the Vine, which attacked the nodes, causing them to break off,
and which he thought was due to excessively wet weather, in
which he was confirmed by Mr. Barron.

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XxXl

Mr. Bateman remarked that dried specimens of Odontoglossum
coronarvum had been received with seventy flowers on a spike.

Professor Thiselton Dyer made some remarks on the varieties of
Kale cultivated at Chiswick, an account of which has been given in
the Journal, N.S., vol. ii., p. 171, by Dr. Hogg. He stated that
many of the Plum blossoms in the Orchard House at Chiswick had
two carpels, the groove being ventral; and Mr. Berkeley had in-
formed him that in late-developed flowers he had seen the complete
number of five carpels.

FLORAL COMMITTER.

First-class Certificates were awarded to Mr. Denning for Utricu-
larva montana and the extraordinary Orchid Wanodes Meduse ;
to Messrs. Downie Laird and Laing for Botryodendron magnificum ;
to M. C. Pfersdoff for Euphorbia Habana monstrosa; to Mr. T. S.
Ware for Aquilegia aurea; to W. B. Kellock, Esq., for Dasylirion
glaucum, Puya coarctata, and Yucca Treculeana; to Messrs. S.
Dixon and Co. for a crested Péteris serrulata and a double Petunia,
King of Crimsons; to Mr. T. S. Ware for Pansy, Pluto; to Mr.
Lee for Tree Carnation, Model ; to E. B. Foster, Esq., for new Show
Pelargoniums ; to Mr. R. Weatherill for a semi-double Show Pelar-
- gonium, Captain Raikes; and to Dr. Denny for Zonal Richard
Coeur de Lion. A Cultural Commendation was given to Provost

Russell, Falkirk, for a group of cut Orchids.

GREAT SUMMER SHOW.

Mr. Baines was first in the Open Class for twelve, and the
Amateurs’ Class for six, stove and greenhouse plants, Mr. J.
Wheeler being second in the one and Mr. J. Ward in the other.
The Nurseryman’s Class for six was headed by Messrs. Jackson,
Mr. B. 8. Williams being second. For twenty stove and green-
house plants Messrs. Jackson were first and Mr. J. Ward second.
Mr. Baines was first for fine-foliaged plant; M. Alexis Dalliére
second. The Amateurs’ Class for six was headed by Mr. Cole, Mr.

XX1i ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Donald and Mr. F. Hill being second and third. Mr, Bull took
the First Prize in the Open Class for twenty in 12-inch pots. The
Gold Medal was won by Messrs. Veitch for Croton Wiesmanni, Paul-
linia thalictrifolia, and variegated Pandanus Veitchii; Mr. Bull
taking the Silver Medal for Maranta Seemanni, Macrozamia coral-
lipes, and Kentia Forsterrana. Aralia Veitchii obtained a Gold
Medal as the best new Plant not in flower and not in commerce;
Mr. Bull being second with Croton maesticum. Messrs. Veitch were
first for twelve new plants in or out of flower, Mr. Bull second;
and the position was the same for six. Mr. Ward was first for
nine and six Heaths, Mr. J. Wheeler and Messrs. Jackson being
second.

In Orchids Mr. B. 8. Williams was first, Mr. Bull second, while
Mr. Ward had the best twelve in the Open Class. Mr. G. Wheeler
was the only exhibitor in the Class for Amateurs who had not pre- —
viously taken the Society’s Prize for Orchids.

In Ferns the best stove and greenhouse species were staged by
Mr. Baines and Mr. B. 8. Williams. Show Pelargoniums were a
striking feature of the Show, Mr. Ward being first, Mr. James
Weir second, and Mr. James third. Mr. D. Donald had the best
Fancies, Mr. Bone being second. Messrs. Paul were first for cut
Roses, and Messrs. Kelway second. M. Pfersdoff staged a fine
collection of Cacti which obtained the Prize offered by Mr.
Peacock, who is now possessor of the plants.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were awarded to A. Smee, Esq., for
White Juneating Apples grown in an orchard-house ; and to Mr.
Colbourne, gardener to J. Blyth, Esq., for a dish of Loquat of first-
rate flavour. A new white silver Tripoli Onion called Marzagola
was sent by Mr. Piccirillo, and Messrs. Criscuolo the true White
Nocera from Naples.

The collection of fruit at the Summer Sion was large; Mr.
Lynn, gardener to Lord Boston, was first for eight distinct dishes
of fruit, Mr. Bannerman being almost equal. Mr. D. Wilson was
first for Queen Pine, Messrs. Yates second, and Mr. J. Hepper
third. Mr. Wilson was first with a handsome smooth Cayenne,
followed by Mr. Bland and Mr. Douglas. Mr. Sage was first for
Grapes, Mr. Henderson second, Mr. Craven third, and Mr. Banner-
man fourth. For a single dish of Hamburgh or Frankenthal, Mr.
Douglas first, Messrs. Wright second, Mr. Sage third. Mr.

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XX1ll

‘Bannerman was first for a single dish of any other variety, and Mr.

Lynn second, both with the Black Prince. For a single dish of
Muscat, Mr: G. Osborn was first, Mr. D. Pizzey second, and Mr.
Kemp third. Mr. Douglas was also first for any other dish of
White Grape, with splendid examples of Buckland Sweetwater ;
Mr. Craven second and Mr. Roe third with Golden Hamburgh.
Mr. Kemp and Mr. Pizzey were first and second for White Fron-
tignan, Mr. Bannerman third with Grizzly Frontignan. Mr.
Brown, gardener to Earl Howe, Mr. Gardiner, and Mr. G. T.
Miles, gardener to Lord Carrington, were the successful exhibitors
of Peaches, Mr. Miles being first, Mr. Gardiner second with Elruge
Nectarines. Brown Turkey Figs came from Mr. Miles, Mr. Sage,
and Mr. C. Ross. Mr. Miles also had two First Prizes for Black Cir-
eassian and Elton Cherries. Mr. Douglas was first for Strawberries,
Mr. Lynn second. The Melons were inferior in flavour, the Prizes
being awarded to Mr. Lamb, gardener to G. T. Davie, Esq., for
Colston Basset Seedling; Mr. Bannerman and Mr. Lynn succeeding
with Victory of Bath. In the scarlet-fleshed series Mr. Douglas
had Scarlet Gem, Mr. Munro second with Little Heath, Mr. Lynn
third.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
W. W. Savnpers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The Belgian Delegates, MM. de Cannaert d’Hamale, Kegeljan,
and Morren, and Mr. Haliburton, from Nova Scotia, attended the
meeting.

Mr. Berkeley brought a specimen of Pear blossom with a second ~
generation of buds arising from the pedicels.

He also showed branches of a Pine the tips of which were dis-
torted by a minute Coccus.

Mr. Smee brought specimens of Almond and Peach leaves
blistered, as Mr. Berkeley supposed, by a minute Fungus. Mr.
Smee was disposed to attribute it, however, to the action of an
Aphis. He brought in illustration Currant leaves clearly blistered
by the Aphis which was so destructive last year. Some trees
were quite killed by it, but others sprouted freely, and he had
observed that the new shoots were attacked by an Aphis of quite a
different kind.

Branches of Juniper were shown by Dr. Masters swollen by a
species of Podisoma which, like Cyttarza and Apodanthes, produces
a new crop year after year.

XXLV ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Also some cuttings of Hydrangea, which were rotten and°
mouldy at the base, apparently from over-watering.

Professor Morren stated that Lychnis F'los-cuculi sometimes pro-
duces apetalous flowers, in which the stamens are replaced by
carpels, as in the common Wallflower.

Mr. Berkeley stated that he had again examined the specimens
of Black Spot from Australia, and found that there was clearly a
species of Glaosporium in the spots on the fruit, but he was not
at present prepared to say as muck as to those on the stem,

GENERAL MEETING.
W. W. Sacnvers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair. he
Mr. Marshall stated that last winter Dr. Denny had told him

that amongst Zonal Pelargoniums there appeared to be two strains,
one of which would not submit to forcing operations. Mr.
Berkeley stated that Utricularia montana was U. alpina, Linn. He
again referred the blister in Peach and Almond leaves to a parasitic
Fungus, belonging to the genus Ascomyces. With reference to
Bornet’s paper on the nature of the gonidia of Lichens, read before
the Academy of Sciences in Paris, he stated that Dr. Thwaites
had long since shown that certain supposed Alge were mere
states of Lichens, a different type prevailing in different genera.
Mr. Berkeley by no means agreed with the notion that Lichens
are Fungi parasitic on Alge.

ee

JUNE 19, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to W. Marshall, Esq., for
Phaius Bensonie, var. Marshallie, Reich.; to Mr. Cripps for the
golden Cupressus Lawsoniana lutea ; to Mr. B. 8. Williams for Péerzs
Applebcyana; to Messrs. Rollisson for Erica yasminiflora roseo-tincta,
a variety which is not gummy, and can therefore be kept clean;
to Mr. Welch for Tricolor Pelargonium, Magdala ; to Mr. Edmunds
for a variety belonging to the same class, named Mrs. H. Little;
and to Messrs. Downie Laird and Laing forfour new Fancy Pansies.
A Cultural Commendation was given to Mr. Denning for a group
of Orchids, and for Hyidendrum nemorale. ;

Ft ee a

_—
= aes

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXV

SECOND JUNE SHOW.

In the Amateurs’ Class for six Zonal Pelargoniums Mr. Weston,
gardener to D. Martineau, Esq., obtained a Second Prize. An
Extra Prize was voted to Mr. Catlin for six which did not arrive
in time to compete. Messrs. Wright took a Second Prize in the
Nurseryman’s Class, and the same for six double Pelargoniums.
Mr. Watson was first for variegated Zonals; Mr. Welch second.
In the Nurseryman’s Class Mr. Pestiidge was first, Mr. Stevens
second, and Mr. Turner third. The Fuchsias were scarcely of
average merit. In Palms Mr. Williams was first with a splendid
group, Mr. Bull second, Messrs. Rollisson third. In the Amateurs’
Class the principal exhibitors were Mr. J. Hill, Mr. Cole, and Mr. G.
Wheeler. Mr. Dombrain was first for twelve Ranunculi, Mr.
Hooper second. The Metropolitan Floral Society offered Prizes for
twenty four, and they were won by the same exhibitors, Mr.
Hooper having the best. Prizes were also offered for stands of
twenty-four Pinks, for which Mr. Turvey, Mr. Pizzey, and Mr.

_ Hooper were successful.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
Anprew Murray, F.I.S., in the Chair.

The Chairman laid before the Committee leaves of Hedera
Regneriana in a diseased condition, sent by the editor of the ‘‘Gar-
den.”” Mr. Berkeley subsequently reported this to be due toa
species of Thrips; there was also a Coccus, but only one indi-
vidual was found.

Mr. Worthington Smith sent a woody excrescence from the stem
of a Cupressus. It was cushion-shaped, comparatively soft in
texture, and attached to a very short pedicel. Its analogy was
suggested to the excrescences on Camellia, described and figured in
the Gard. Chron., 1870, p. 1116.

Dr. Masters read a note upon some roots which had obstructed

_four-inch pipe-drains sunk to a depth of four feet in some old per-

manent pasture, and which had been sent to him by Mr. Grantham.

Dr. Masters having found in them bright yellow sinuous latici-

ferous vessels, concluded that they were the roots of some Thistle.

Prof. Voelcker had seen the roots of Marigolds in drains three
VOL. Iv. c

XXvVl ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

feet deep ; and, in reply to a question, doubted the practicability
of remedying the obstruction by pouring in any chemical reagent.

Mr. McLachlan mentioned that Phyllotreta obscurella, a species of
Halticide, very common on edible cruciferous plants, had been
found in multitudes destroying the petals of Limnanthes Douglasi,
but leaving untouched neighbouring plants of other natural orders.

Reference being made, at the suggestion of Dr. Masters, to a paper
by Chatin (Ann. d. Sc. Nat, 1856, vi. 256), it was ascertained
that Limnanthes, like Trope@olum, appeared to contain allyl sulpho-
CsH;
CN

Mr. Marshall sent flowers of two varieties of Gloxinia, G. Car-
tont and robusta, which he stated had been produced by the same
plant. He also sent a monstrous flower of an Odontoglossum, which
was referred to Dr. Masters for a report.

cyanide, S, which was also present in Crucifers.

GENERAL MEETING. |
James Bateman, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Professor Thiselton Dyer called attention to a pot of Gym-
nadenia Conopsea, showing that our native Orchids are
capable of becoming striking plants in cultivation. Ophrys
apifera, var. Trollii, also from the Chairman, was new to
this country. The plants were obtained in the neighbourhood of
teigate. Hpidendrum nemorale, Lindl., was figured in Bot. Mag.

under the name of £. verrucosum. It succeeds best under a cool -

treatment. Botryodendron magnificum is no doubt the same as
Meryta latifolia, Bot. Mag., t. 5932. The specimens from Strath-
fieldsaye, supposed to be Derospyros lucida, were probably Nyssa
multiflora. The bright crimson tint of the leaves in autumn is
characteristic in North America, where it is known under the name
of Tupelo or Pepperidge. A plant of TZozxicophlea, from the
smaller limb of the corolla, was probably 7. Thunbergii rather than
T. spectabilis. An almost unknown Lily, which Mr. Wilson had
shown in flower, Z. californicum, hitherto not seen by Baker and
Duchartre, was clearly an ally of ZL. superbum.

a a ee

$
¥

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXVll

Jury 3, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Mr. Bull for Heheveria sca-
phylla, a hybrid between £. agavoides and LE. linguefolia, for Macro-
zamia corallipes, and Lilium Humboldti; to G. F. Wilson, Ksq.,
for Lilium Martagon dalmaticum, with small dark-maroon flowers ;
to Messrs. Stacey for Verbena, Lady of Lorne; to Mr. G. Smith for

_ Ivy-leaved Pelargonium, Argus; to Messrs. Downie Laird and

Laing for silver-edged Pelargonium, Mrs. Laing; to Mr. R. Dean
for pyramidal Stock, Mauve Beauty ; and to Mr. Kimberley for
Tricolor Pelargoniums, Empress and Gem of Tricolors. Cultural
Commendations were awarded to Mr. T. Burnett, gardener to W.
Terry, Esq., for Anectochilus Lowi; and to Mr. J. Lawrence for
Mazxillaria venusta. Mr. Wilson brought flowering plants of a Lily
found by Mr. Robinson on the Rocky Mountains, with flowers
nearly resembling those of Z. puberulum, but quite distinct in the
foliage, the beautiful Z. canadense flavum, and a fine variety of ZL.
longiflorum.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was given to Mr. Laxton for a seedling

_ Strawberry named Traveller, a cross between Sir C. Napier and

La Constante. A Cultural Commendation was awarded to Messrs.
Osborn for fruit of the Gamboge (Xanthochymus pictorius) ; and
to Mr. G. Johnson, gardener to W. C. C. Thornhill, Esq., for large.
and highly-coloured fruit of Dr. Hogg and Sir C. Napier Straw-
berries.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
A. Murray, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley made some further allusions to the Black Spot,
which is making such havoc in the Vines in Australia. Specimens
of adventitious buds from the roots of Apples were also exhibited

e2

XXVlll1 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

by him, and a branchlet of Oak, severed by the natural
process of ‘‘cladoptosis,” or, as it is called in the vernacular,
*¢ spolching.”’

Judge Crease, of British Columbia, sent specimens closely resem-
bling in vutward appearance, as also in internal markings, a peeled
Willow. The substance in question consists almost entirely of
carbonate of lime, and was stated to be the core of a species of Sea
Pen ( Osteocella septentrionalis).

A question then arose as to whether pollen-eating beetles were
serviceable to flowers or not; the general impression was that the
beetles in question did as much good as harm.

Professor Thiselton Dyer exhibited specimens of the ash and
scoriz from the recent eruption of Vesuvius. The ash is known to
have powerful fertilising properties, owing to its being rich in
alkalies and containing phosphates. The fertility of the soil so
induced affords one reason for the return of the population to
such dangerous localities after an eruption.

Mr. A. W. Bennett alluded to a paper of Professor Pasqaiat 8,
in which the injury to vegetation after the eruption of a volcano
was stated to be the result of the chloride of sodium deposited on
the leaves.

Professor Thiselton Dyer showed Rhubarb leaves from Mr.
Schofield’s garden at Mosely, near Birmingham, riddled with
large holes made by hailstones in the recent storm.

Mr. G. F. Wilson showed a box useful whilst on a journey for
collecting living plants, and further alluded to at the General
Meeting.

GENERAL MEETING.
James Bateman, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley alluded to a new but very simple form of collecting-
box, designed by Mr. James Atkins, of Painswick, for collecting
plants in Switzerland, and exhibited by Mr. Wilson. The box
before the meeting contained roots of several different plants,
including the Holly Fern, collected on a high hill in Perthshire,
June 14, and which were now in excellent condition. The storm at
Birmingham of Tuesday, June 18, continued for four hours,
during which the rainfall was 2°5 inches, two inches at least
coming down in forty-five minutes. Some ashes gathered after the
recent explosion of Vesuvius were shown, which are said to be the

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XX1xX

finest manure for Onions. The sample would be analysed, with a
view to the preparation if possible of an artificial manure of
similar virtue. Mr. Wilson, it was stated, grew his Lilies, in the
cultivation of which he is so successful, in deep pots ; but he found
that they do well in a stiff clay soil in the open ground, where,
however, they must be mulched in winter.

a ee re eee

JuLy. 17, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was given to G. F. Wilson, Esq., for
Ialium Leichtlinii mayor, which was bought as L. callosum; to Mr.
Turner for Picotee, B. J. Bryant, for Carnation, Superb, and for
Zonal Pelargonium, Mr. Quilter; to Mr. J. King, gardener to the
Rev. J. S. Wiggett, for Zonal Pelargonium, Pink Pearl. Mr.
Wilson also sent Lilium tigrinum erectum, and a dwarf deep-red
form, which was named JZ. concolor sinicum.

Messrs. Jackman received the First Prize for Clematis; and the
same was awarded to Mr. Wilson for Lilies, which, however, as a
Member of the Couneil, he could not take. First-class Certificates
were given for LZ. tagrinum splendens and L. japonicum Takesima.
Mr. Bull received the First Prize for six Lilies in the Nursery-
man’s Class, and for .six Gesneriacee. Mr. Parker was first for
hardy perennials. An Extra Prize was awarded to Mr. Turner
for eighteen boxes of cut Roses in splendid condition; he was also
first for Carnations, and also for Picotees not yet in commerce,
followed by Mr. N. Norman. The Metropolitan Floral Society
gave Prizes for Carnations and Picotees, which were taken in both

classes by Mr. Pizzey and Mr. Norman. Amongst Mr. Turner’s
- Picotees and Carnations, First-class Certificates were given to
Picotees Mrs. Fordham, Edith Dombrain, Mrs. Hornby, Juliana,
Norfolk Beauty, and Ethel ; Carnations, Mrs. rid Burnaby, Isaac
Wilkinson, and Campanini.

XXX ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were awarded to Mr. Tillery for
Violette Hative Nectarines, and to Mr. Miller, Worksop, for a
large Providence Pine. Mr. Linden sent fruit of a new Pine,
which was considered of great promise.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE.
Anprew Morray, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair.

A copy of a communication to the Foreign Office from H.M.’s —
Minister at Lisbon, alluding to the new Vine Disease in Portugal,
was brought before the Committee.

Dr. Masters made a statement with respect to the management
of the Royal Gardens at Kew; and the following resolution was
proposed by Mr. Grote, seconded by Dr. Gilbert, and carried
unanimously :—

“That the members of the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society, having regard to the present question between Dr. Hooker
and Mr. Ayrton, desire to express their sense of the importance of Dr.
Hooker’s efforts to maintain unimpaired the scientific character of Kew, asan
establishment indispensable to Horticultural and Botanical Science ; and are
further unanimous in giving their support to the memorial which has already
been forwarded to Mr. Gladstone.”

Prof. Thiselton Dyer said, with reference to the hybrid seedlings
which had been communicated by Mr. Anderson-Henry on May 15
(see p. xix.), and in which the second generation exhibited extreme
divergence both from their hybrid parent and the original species
of which it was a cross, he could not refrain from suspecting some
error. Every botanist who had examined the plants of the second
generation had pronounced them without doubt to be ordinary
Arabis hirsuta. (Mr. Anderson-Henry acquiesced in this opinion—
Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 1040—and allowed that some error must
have been made.)

GENERAL MEETING.

J. Bateman, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Prof. Thiselton Dyer said that Mr. Wilson’s Lilium californicum
was identified by Mr. Baker as LZ. carolinianum. The L. californicum

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXXl

of our gardens, introduced originally by the Society, is now called
L. Humboldtii. The fine Lily exhibited by Mr. Wilson at the last

meeting without a name is Z. pardalinum of Kellogg.

AvucusT 7, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

Messrs. Standish sent a collection of cut spikes of Gladiolus,
most of which were raised from a cross between G. cruentus and
the best French varieties, by which it is hoped that the constitution
will be improved. For these an Extra Prize was awarded. Mr.
Bull’s collection of Arads, including a magnificent specimen of
Godwinia gigas, excited much interest. A Cultural Commendation
‘was given to Messrs. Veitch for Grammatophyllum Ellisii ; and to
Mr. Boxall, gardener to A. B. Bramley, Esq., fora grand specimen
of Cattleya crispa. A First-class Certificate was given to R. A.
Thompson, Esq., for Lastrea Filix-mas Festingit.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Two bunches of the new white Grape, Duke of Buccleuch, were
exhibited, and Mr. Barron was deputed by the meeting to go to
the Vineries at Tweedside to report on it im situ. A Cultural
Commendation was given to Messrs. Lane for a collection of Grapes.
A First-class Certificate was given to Mr. J. Henson, Newark,
near Peterborough, for a large round dark-red Gooseberry,
named Henson’s Seedling. Fine clusters of the fruit of Habrothamnus
elegans came from the Marquis of Salisbury. Mr. Clark, gardener
to Major-General Claremont, took the Prize for Plums; Mr. Beach
was first, and Mr. Earley second, for Gooseberries. The six
heaviest Gooseberries came from Mr. Kirtland.

XXX1i ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

GENERAL MEETING.
W. W. Saunners, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley read a letter from Mr. Smee relative to a Fungus
which was destroying Willows in his garden, specimens of which
were produced ; but asit was only in the mycelioid state of growth,
it was impossible to say precisely what the perfect plant would
prove. It might possibly be Zrametes suaveolens.

Professor Thiselton Dyer called the attention of the meeting to a
drawing of a tropical fruit from Dr. Moore. It appeared to be that
of Lucuma obovata, a native of Temperate Peru, and cultivated in
Chili. It had fruited this year, probably for the first time in this
country.

According to Professor Pasquale, the volcanic ashes brought
at the last meeting, from containing sodium chloride, were
injurious to the foliage of plants at the time of the eruption. Dr.
Flight had been so kind as to examine a portion. A considerable
portion was soluble in water, and the two chief salts were sodium
chloride and calcium sulphate (common salt and gypsum). ‘‘ There
is a little soluble silicate also. There is certainly ammonia (not
much), I suppose in the state of chloride. Of phosphoric acid the
merest trace, still a trace. Of potash, which I looked for sharply,
there is none. Of course I have only examined the watery
extract.” This threw some light upon the usefulness of the ash as
manure. Onions contain allyl sulphide; their tissue also contain
abundance of minute crystals of calcium oxalate. The calcium
sulphate would supply both the sulphur and the calcium, which
the Onion invariably contains. It would conduce, therefore, to its
vigorous development.

Mr. F. Antoine had sent for the Lindley Library a beautiful and
interesting work, illustrative of the Winter Garden at Vienna.

Avueust 21, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was given to Mr. Wilson, gardener to
W. Marshall, Esq., for Lelia elegans Marshallia ; to T. R. Tuffnell,

*

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXXlil

Esq., for Lilium Lishmanni ; and to Mr. Keynes for Dahlias, Rev.
J. M. Cannon, Ne plus ultra, and James Service, with a Second
Class for Lucy Fawcett and Mr. Sinclair. Messrs. Kelway
obtained a First Class for Gladiolus Orcus, Lycoris, Lamirus, Osci,
and Heloris; and Mr. Douglas for Rosy Morn, Gwendoline,
Morgan, and Day Dream. A Cultural Commendation was given
to Mr. Baines for a wonderful specimen of Mepenthes Rafflesiana,
with fifty pitchers. It was also recommended that it should
have a Lindley Medal. (See woodcut on following page.)

A First-class Certificate was given to Phlox Heynholdw cardinalis,
pale brick-red with crimson eye, from the Society's Garden at
Chiswick ; and to Mr. G. Smith for Fuchsia, Delight, with a large
white corolla.

Messrs. Kelway were first for twenty-four distinct Gladioli, Mr.
Douglas second, Messrs. Standish third, and Mr. Welch fourth.
Lord Hawke was the winner in the Amateur Class for twelve
Mr. J. Douglas second, the Rev. H. H. Dombrain third. Mr.
Dombrain was first for six, Rev. Lord Hawke second, the Rev. J. 8.
Hodgson third, Mr. Douglas fourth. Mr. Parker and Messrs.
Downie Laird and Laing competed for twelve cut Phloxes, the
latter being first for twelve hardy perennials.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Mr. Barron reported on the Duke of Buccleuch Grape as a very
valuable summer Grape, but which would not keep long after being
ripe, as it is thin-skinned. It is extremely pleasant to eat, the
flesh tender and juicy, with a rich sparkling acidity somewhat of
the Hamburgh character. A First-class Certificate was accord-
ingly awarded. Messrs. Carter offered Prizes for Runners and
French Beans, including Carter’s Champion. Mr. Ross was first,
Mr. Frisby second. Mr. J. Smith, gardener to the Earl of Gains-
borough, made a communication as to the effect of lifting and
renewing the soil in preventing shanking in Grapes, a circumstance
which cannot be too carefully kept in mind in many other cases of
disease.

GENERAL MEETING.
W. Marsaatt, Esq., in the Chair.

The Sooly Qua Cucumber, which is clearly Luffa egyptiaca, is
much valued by the Chinese in California. Mr. Baines has

ROYAL TWORTICULTURKAL SOCIETY.

XXX1V

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXXV

stated that such fine pitchers as those which appeared at the
last meeting in Nepenthes could only be obtained on young plants.
He grows the plant in sifted fibrous peat, giving plenty of water
and air. It must be kept as near to the glass as possible, and
as regards temperature those who had a house in which Cucumbers

were grown all the year round could grow the Pitcher plant in
perfection.

es

SEPTEMBER 4, 1872.

oe

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was given to Messrs. Veitch for Dzp-
ladenia insignis; to Messrs. Henderson for Ceanothus, Gloire de
Versailles, and Cineraria ceratophylla ; to Mr. Chambers, gardener
.o J. Lawrence, Esq., for Pteris serrulata fimbriata and Pteris
serrulata cristata superba, a compact and neat-growing form of such
excellence that every gardener would find it useful ; to Mr. Parsons,
gardener to W. J. Blake, Esq., for a new Achimenes, Firefly; to
Mr. C. J. Perry for Verbena, Reynolds Hole; and to Mr. Eckford,
gardener to the Farl of Radnor, for Verbena, Fanny Purchase,
_ Verbena Star, and Dahlia, Crown Prince; to Mr. Keynes for
Dahlia, Ada Tiffin, Egyptian Prince, Matilda Mary Purchase, and
Mr. Sinclair ; to Mr. Turner for Florence Pontin and Lord Hawke ;
and to Mr. Dean for Zagetes aurea floribunda.

Mr. Keynes, Mr. Turner, and Mr. Scale obtained the Prizes for
twenty-four cut blooms of Aster. In the Amateurs’ Class for
twelve Mr. C. J. Perry was first, Mr. Beach second, and Mr.
Burfitt, gardener to C. Lambert, Esq., third. Mr. Rowe and Mr.
S. Wheeler obtained other Prizes in the different classes. Mr.
Perry was first for Verbenas. Mr. Paul took the Prize for Lilium
speciosum, and an extra Prize for seedlings grown in Holland.
Messrs. Standish had a First-class Certificate for Juniperus japonica
aurea.

FRUIT COMMITTEE. .

Lady Charles Wellesley sent a fine cone of Araucaria imbricata
from whose seeds young plants have been raised. Mr. Pearson

XXXV1 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

sent, amongst other seedling Grapes, one remarkable for its strong
barley-sugar flavour. Mr. G. F. Wilson brought examples of the
Melon Apple, which ought to be in every orchard-house for its
beauty and fine flavour. Mr. Dean brought jelly of Berberis Aqui-
folium, and Blackberry jam flavoured with the fruit of the Berberis.

GENERAL MEETING.
G. F. Witson, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The Dipladenia insignis was stated to be a great advance from a
horticultural point of view; but compared with coloured illustra-
tions of D. crassinoda (properly Martiana), it could only be re-
garded botanically as a variety of that species.

SEPTEMBER 18, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

First-class Certificates were given to Mr. Croucher for Agave
Guilbeyt and A. striata Richardsu ; to Messrs. Lee for Cornus mascula
aurea elegantissima ; to Mr. Turner for Dahlia, Laura Haslam, Prince .
Arthur, Nelly, and Arbitrator ; to Messrs. Henderson for anew As-
plenium, near to A. bulbiferum, var. incisum; to Mr. Stevens for Ver-
bena, Prince of Wales; and to Mr. Eckford for Verbena, Mrs. Lew-
ington, Star, and Dahlia, Walter Reid, Queen’s Messenger, and Cre- —
morne. Messrs. Standish exhibited a series of seedling Rhododendrons
showing the effect of the pollen-parent in hybridising. The speci-
mens supported Dr. Denny’s view that, ceteris paribus, the influence
of the pollen-parent is predominant in the offspring. Mr. M.
Walker, gardener to H. J. Atkinson, Esq., and Mr. Farrow were
first and second for fine-foliaged Begonias. A Cultural Commen-
dation was awarded to Mr. Wilson, gardener to W. Marshall, Esq.,
for Platycerium grande and P. Stemmaria, with seedlings of both;
and to Mr. M. Walker for a good specimen of Hucharis amazonica.

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. XXXVI11

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Messrs. Carter offered a prize for Beet, including their Perfec-
tion, which was taken by Mr. W. G. Pragnell, who also won their
First Prize for Onions, the second being given to Mr. Cross,
gardener to J. D, Lousada, Esq. A First-class Certificate was
awarded to Mr. Peasgood, Stamford, for a seedling Apple, named
Peasgood’s Nonsuch, of the Blenheim Orange type. A Cultural
Commendation was awarded to Mr. King, gardener to J. Baum,
Esq., for Pot Vines. Prizes for Tomatoes were taken by Mr.
Pragnell, Mr. George, Mr. Earley, and Mr. Roberts. Hathaway’s
Excelsior, an introduction from America, came from Chiswick,
certainly the finest type yet seen. Prizes for Dessert Apples were
taken by Mr. E. Clarke and Mr. Earley, Mr. Donaldson taking the
first in Pears.

GENERAL MEETING.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Professor Dyer stated that Amorphophallus campanulatus is culti-
vated in India, as in Coromandel, for the starch in its curious
root-stock. The so-called Asmah Vegetable Marrows were Lage-
naria vulgaris, which Mr. Berkeley had more than once pointed
out as suspicious and sometimes poisonous. He then made some
remarks on the Potato disease, calling attention to the present state
of our knowledge on the Ses as also to what is known about
the Phylloxera.

The Chairman stated that: as soon as the flowers of Amorphophallus
have thrown out their objectionable odour, the temperature of the
spathe rises some 4° or 5°.

OcroBER 2, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE.

Mr. Bull obtained a First-class Certificate for Dracena gloriosa,
for Macrozamia pulchra, for Helminthostachys verticillata an ally of
Ophioglossum, and for Cinocarpus dealbatus, a glaucous-leaved

XXXVill ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCTETY.

‘Palm from Brazil. First-class Certificates were also awarded to
Mr. Wilson, gardener to W. Marshall, Esq., for Zhamnopteris Nidus
ramosa; to Anchusa capensis from Chiswick; and to Messrs. Hen-
derson for Colchicum autumnale album plenum ; to Mr. Parsons for
Asplenium Adiantum nigrum Serpentini; and to Mr. Dean fora
dwarf French Marigold, with yellow- crimson flowers, and his new
variety named aurea floribunda. Mr. Ingram sent from Belvoir a
hybrid between Pachyphytum bracteatum and Echeveria secunda
glauca, a promising plant for bedding out.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

Cultural Commendations were awarded to Messrs. Veitch for an
excellent collection of Endive; to Mr. Jones for smooth-leaved
Cayenne Pines; to Mr. Wells for Black Hamburgh Grapes; to
Black Hamburgh and Madresfield Court, grown at Chiswick with-
out artificial heat; and to Mr. Fenn for a collection of Potatos.
Messrs. Carter’s Prize for Potatos, including Carter’s Ashtop
Fluke, were taken by Mr. Fenn; Mr. Miller, gardener to F. T.
Friend, Esq., being second. Messrs. Lane were first for collections
of black and white Grapes; they were again first for a single
bunch of Muscat of Alexandria, Mr. Cole being second. Mr. Jones
sent specimens of Golden Queen Pear, raised at Frogmore. Mr.
Dean sent specimens of Californian Mammoth White Radish, a
variety similar to which is cultivated in Hungary. Mr. Fenn
brought samples of wine from English-grown Grapes, which were
thought very satisfactory: the best was made from Esperione in
1870, and the next a mixture of Royal Muscadine and Esperione, a
good dry wine.

FUNGUS SHOW.

Many novelties were produced, besides the more ordinary forms of
edible and doubtful Fungi, which it is the great object of the Society
to make familiar with its members. Amongst the rarer kinds were
magnificent specimens of Lactarius controversus from Dr. Bull. Mr.
English sent a Hydnum from Epping (where Mr. W. G. Smith found
Radulum fagineum), which is certainly new to great Britain, and which
was believed to be H. cirrhatum. There were also fine specimens
of Thelephora multizonata and T. Sowerber, the former from Epping,

EXTRACTS FROM PROCEEDINGS. EER (

the latter from Hereford. Mr. Austin had Hygrophorus obrusseus
and Cortinarius armillatus. Three fine specimens of Sparassis
crispa were sent from Gordon Castle, and Clavaria formosa came
from Mr. Broome. The Prizes were awarded to Mr. J. English, and
to Messrs. Austin and Hoyle. For the collection of edible Fungi
the latter gentlemen were first and Mr. English second. An Extra
Prize was awarded to Mr. W. G. Smith.

GENERAL MEETING.
W. W. Saunovers, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Berkeley, alluding to Mr. Henderson’s double white
Colchicum, stated that Mr. Barr had several double varieties which
had not yet been exhibited. They are most easy of cultivation,
and make a great show in autumn when planted in tolerably-
sized patches. Attention was called to the Chairman’s plant of
Tupistra nutans, a very singular production, now referred to
Liliaceze. Some of the varieties of the Bottle Gourd are very bitter
and poisonous, and as none are really good they should be
altogether avoided as esculents. Captain E. G. Berkeley had
lately seen the original tree of Amherstia nobilis, which is
flourishing; the stem is now twelve feet in circumference. He
found two Fungi for sale in the Bazaar at Amherst, one a Bovista.
Mr. Berkeley directed attention to the further study of the Peronos-
pora to which the Potato disease is due, with a view to the dis-
covery of its resting spores,

a

NovEMBER 6, 1872.

FLORAL COMMITTEE,

A First-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. Croucher for the
Mexican Yucca Fylesii, which has a woody stem eight feet high,
swollen at the base, and straight glaucous tapering leaves ; also for
Mammillaria Peacockii, Pilocereus Peacockii, P. Hoppenstedtii, and
* Gasteria Peacockii. The Gasteria is said to be a hybrid raised by

xl ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

M Pfersdorff. Agave Palmerii in the same collection was con-
sidered to be young A. Verschaffeltti. The same award was made
to Mr. Kowe, gardener to Mrs. Lewis, for Japanese Chrysanthemum,
Elaine; to Messrs. Veitch for Dracena imperialis and Maranta
olivaris Makoyana, also Malortiea simplex, Calamus ovoideus, and C.
Roxburgh. Messrs Dixon had the best large-flowered Chrysan-
themums, and Mr. Rowe the finest Pompons.

FRUIT COMMITTEE.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. Ross, gardener to
C. Eyre, Esq., for an Apple allied to the Blenheim Orange, of a’
beautiful colour and excellent flavour. Cultural Commendations
were given to a large gourd-like fruit, called Toong Qua /Benincasa
certfera), from Mr. Temple, gardener to Lord Aylesford; to Mr.
D. Cunningham, gardener to Lord Ebury, and Mr. Davidson, for
large specimens of the fruit of Passeflora macrocarpa. The Prizes
for Pears were taken by Mr. Fowle, Mr. P. F. Le Sueur, and
Mr. G. T. Miles; for Potatos, by M. J. Betteridge, Mr. R.
Dean, and Mr. P. McKinlay. Messrs. Carter staged seventy-
two varieties of Potatos, with Nazeby Mammoth Onion. Messrs.
Lee also sent a good collection.

INTERNATIONAL FRUIT SHOW.

The Gold Medal for the most complete collection of Grapes was
gained by Messrs. Lane, who staged seventeen varieties; the
Silver-gilt Medal by Mr. Donaldson, gardener to Lord Chesham.
For the best basket of not less than twelve pounds the First Prize
was given to Messrs. Lane; the second to Mr. Ward, gardener to
T. N. Miller, Esq.; the third to Mr. Cole. Messrs. Lane were
also first for a single dish of Muscat of Alexandria; Mr. Cole
second; and Mr. Deuxberry, gardener to Earl Darnley, third. For
Black Hamburgh or Frankenthal, Mr. P. F. Le Sueur was first ; Mr.
Davis, gardener to E Rosher, Esq., second. Fora single dish of
any other Black Grape, Mr. Toomer, gardener to W. Knowles, Esq.,
was first; Mr. Silcouk second. There was a good competition.
Mr. Silcock was first with Trebbiano for a white variety other
than sorts specially named.

Fa tis
a SM

RN £OVe

:
z

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Moore, Floral Director R.HS si; ...5..5.5sse-nsapn--teeptabereeee on

coceasdas

XVIII. Report on Potatoes Grown in 1873 at Chiswick. By A. F. Banron, on
i S fol

Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to the Fruit Committee ......... ....

XIX, Report on Kidney Beans Grown at Chiswick in 1873. By i rp

BARRON Ce POPC e er PEE eereenwe Beeeeereeees hs sSebie Cadedan te sateen

XX. Report on Tomatoes Grown in the Garden at Chiswick in 1873.

Ne F. Barron COC Cee OHHH eee eee eee eeeeae : ee eae eeeene ve de Oey ae ae ‘

XXI. Report on Peas Grown in the Garden at Chiswick, 1873. —

F. Barron ee ee eereneee tee teeeeeecercreeeeescrenen nesses eceeeeenenae

XXII.

Gray Herb
Harvard Univ

December 23, 1874.

Ey Vol. he te [Part 15.
THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

NEW SERIES.
VOLUME IV.

EDITED BY

LONDON: Ae =
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DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLORES. 125

XXIV. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Species of
Passiflorese cultivated in European Gardens, with references
to the Works in which they are figured. By M. T. Masrmrs,
M.D., F.R.S.

TACSONIA, Juss. Gen., 398; Benth. and Hook., Gen. P1.,i., 810;
Mast. in Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvii., 628, and in Mart. Flor.
Brasil., fase. 55 (Passifloracee), 535.

Section 1. EU-TACSONIA.—Bracts free.
1. T. pinnatistipula, Juss.; Bot. Reg., xviii., 1536; Bot. Mag.,
4062; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 537.
Passiflora pinnatistipula, Cav. Ic., v., 16, t. 428.
Poggendor fia rosea, Karst. ; ; Flor. Columb. Spec. Select., 1., 16,
tab. 29.
Chile, Peru, cultivated in Columbia. -

2. T. van-Volxemii, Hook., Bot. Mag., 5571; Ill. Horticole,
x., t. 381; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 537; Gard. Chron.,
1866, p. 171, with fig. [Pl. VI.]

Passiflora antioguiensis, Karst.; Fl. Colomb. Ic. Sel., 1., 143,
tab. 71.
New Granada.

3. T. insignis, Mast.,. Gard. Chron., 1873, p. 1112, fig. 239;

Florist and Pomologist, 1873, 241. [Pl. VII. |
Passiflora insignis, Hook., Bot. Mag., 1873, tab. 6069.
Eastern slope of the Cordilleras of Northern Bolivia.

Srction 2. BRACTEOGAMA.—Bracts united at the base.
4. T. manicata, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., 393, t. 59, f. 2; Mast.
in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 539; Paxt. Fl. Gard., 26.
T. ignea, Hort.
Andes of Peru, Ecuador and New Granada.
5. T. peduncularis, Juss., Mast., Fl. Brasil., l.c.
Passiflora peduncularis, Cav. Ic., v., 15, 426.
Peru.
This species is mentioned in some garden catalogues, but I
have never met with it in cultivation.
6. T. mollissima, H.B.X., Nov. Gen. et Sp., 11., 144; Paxt.
Mag. Bot., xiii.,25; Fl. de Serres, ii., 14; Bot. Mag., t. 4187;
Mast. in FI. Brasil., l.c., 541.

mW

- 126

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Passiflora tomentosa, var. 8. mollissima, Triana and Planchon,

in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 5 (1873), xvii., 181.
New Granada.

Messrs. Triana and Planchon state that they find no difference
between the Peruvian Zucsonia tomentosa and the New
Granadan 7. mollissima, except that the flower-tube is
slightly pubescent in 7. tomentosa, while it is quite glabrous
in J. mollissima In this opinion I cannot concur. The
leaf-lobes of Z. mollissima, as I understand it, are ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate, instead of broadly ovate; they are
downy on both surfaces, instead of being nearly glabrous
above, as in 7 tomentosa. The involucre of 7. mollissima
often splits on one side like a spathe, and is composed of three
ovate-lanceolate segments, which are united one to the other
at different levels, and which have everted edges. In 7.
tomentosa, Lam., the involucre is regularly tubular, the con-
stituent bracts are united two-thirds of the way up, and the
free portions are broadly ovate-acute.

7. T. mixta, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., 894; Mast. in Flor.

Brasil., l.c., 541.
Andes of New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Var. 1. sprctosa, Mast., l.c., 541, tab. 128, fig. 1.
T. spetiosa, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., ii., 43.
T. tomentosa, Juss., var. speciosa, Mast., Gard. Chron. ,
1870, 955 (description and comments); Florist
and Pomologist, 1871, 169.
Var. 2. gutrensts, Mast., l.c., 542
Tacsonia quitensis, Benth. Plant. Hartweg., p. 183;
. Mast. in Gard. Chron., 1869, 388. .
T. tomentosa, Lam., var. guitensis ; Triana and Planch.,
Ann. Sc. Nat., xvii., 1873, 181.
Var. 3. eErtantua, Dast., 1.c., 542.
Tacsonia errantha, Benth. Pl. Hartweg, p. 183; Hook.
in Bot. Mag., 5750.
T. quitensis, var. ervantha; Mast.in Gard. Chron., 1869,
388.

The arrangement above given is that adopted in my monograph

in the Flora Brasiliensis. The disposition proposed by MM.
Triana and Planchon, /.c., is a little different, but considering
how variable these plants are, how wide their geographical
distribution (in some cases), and how great are the facilities
for intercrossing, it would be impossible to obtain perfect

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF. PASSIFLORE®. 127

unanimity of opinion as to the name a particular variety
should bear, or as to what species it should be ranged under.
I have, therefore, adhered to my own arrangement, founded
as it is in great measure on repeated examinations of culti-
vated specimens.

In addition to the foregoing species may here be cited the
names of sundry garden varieties or synonyms.

T.

di

ler Mae Mee | le a ia |

Buchanani, Lemaire, Il. Hort., t. 519, is Passiflora vitefolia,
HLB.K.

exoniensis.—This is a hybrid between 7. mollissima as the
pollen parent, and 7. van-Volxemii as the seed-parent, and
partakes of the characters of both. It was raised in the
garden of — Bowring, Esq., and was sent out by Mr. R. T.
Veitch, of Exeter. It is fully described in Gard. Chron.,
1872, 1653.

. fulgens, Hort. Edinb. = Passifora quadriglandulosa.
. fulgens, Hort. — Passiflora coccinea.
. grandis, Hort. Veitch.—Of this I have only seen immature

leaves, which appear to be those of 7. van-Volxemiz.

. ignea, Hort. = Zacsonia manicata.

. pubescens, DC. = Passiflora quadriglandulosa.

. quadriglandulosa — Passiflora quadriglandulosa.

. Sanguinea, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4674 — Passiflora quadri-

glandulosa.

. Splendens, Hort. Veitch. Of this I have only seen immature

leaves.

Of species not yet introduced, 7. Jamesoni, Mast., a native
of Quito, may be mentioned as one of the very finest even in
this remarkably handsome-flowered group. It is possible
this species may be in the hands of Mr. Anderson Henry,
as he received seeds of several kinds from the late Professor
Jameson. In any case the attention of collectors should be
directed to this plant, and, indeed, to the remaining species
not yet known in gardens, and numbering about twenty in
addition to those above enumerated. It is also probable
that the less known regions of the Andes may yield other
species at present quite unknown to science. The lovely
T. insignis may be taken as a guarantee of this. This was
introduced quite recently from Bolivia by Mr. Yarborough
Greame, previously to which time the species was absolutely

K 2

128 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

unknown to botanists, as there are no specimens in the
herbaria.

PASSIFLORA, Linn., Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. i., 810; Mast.
in Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvii., 629, and in Mart. Flor. Brasil.,
fasc. 55 (Passifloraceee).

Susezenus I. ASTROPHEA, DC.—Trees or shrubs usually
without tendrils; membranous corona erect, flat, springing
from the flower-tube below the middle; ovary truncate at
the apex.

1. P. arborea, Spreng. Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 545.

Passiflora glauca, Humb., Bonpl. Pl. Aiquinoct., i., 76, t. 22.
Peru, New Granada, Ecuador. 5
In my monograph of the genus I have adopted Sprengel’s
name in preference to that of Humboldt, seeing that there
was an earlier P. glauca of Aiton (in Hort. Kewens., iii., 308
(1789) ; Bot. Reg., t. 88. Messrs. Triana and Planchon,
however, challenge the propriety of so doing, being of
opinion that Aiton’s glauca (1789) is a synonym of Aublet’s
stipulata (1775). As to the latter plant, the only material
for an opinion is the plate in the Plante Guianens. (1775)
which represents the foliage only, and no flowers, The
leaves, and especially the stipules, differ from those of
Aiton’s glauca, on which account I prefer still to maintain
my nomenclature in preference to that of MM. Triana and
Planchon.

Suscenvs II, PLECTOSTEMMA, Mast.—Climbing herbs or
shrubs usually provided with tendrils; bracts minute or
deeply divided; flower-tube short. _Membranous corona
horizontal, springing from above the middle of the tube,
plicated and often fringed at the margin. Fruit baccate or dry.

Srecrion I. CIECA.—F lowers apetalous, generally destitute of
bracts.
2. P. gracilis, Jacz., Eclog. t. 168; Bot. Reg ,t.870; Mast. in
Flor. Brasil., l.c.; 578.
3. P. coriacea, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., p. 109, t. 39, f. 23;
Mast., l.c., 545.
P. clypeata, Smith in Rees’ Cycl., n. 20.
P. difformis, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., 11., 136.
P. biformis, Hort. Bull.

-

DR MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREM. 129

Remarkable for the singular conformation of its leaves.
Mexico, Venezuela, West Indies.
4. P. suberosa, Zinn., Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 577 ; Jacq.,
Hort. Vind., t. 163; Cav. Diss., x., 442, t. 265.
P. pseudo-suberosa, Fisch., Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop., ix., 82, ex
Walp. Rep., ii., 934.
An exceedingly variable plant dispersed through-
out tropical America. Most of the varieties here men-
tioned have been treated as separate species by differ-
ent authors, and for garden purposes may well be con-
sidered as distinct forms. None of them, however, are
worth cultivating save for botanical purposes.
Var. 1. MINIMA.
P. minima, Jacq., Hort. Vindob., t. 20.
P. Walkerie, Wight., Ill. Ind. Bot., ii., 39.
Var. 2. HIRSUTA.
P. hirsuta, Linn,, Ameen. Acad., i., 227.
P. littoralis, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp, ii., 138
2? P. hispidula, Knowles & Westcott, Flor. Cab, iii.,
126.
Var. 3. ANGUSTIFOLIA.
P. heterophylla, Jacq., Hort. Schonbr., t. 181.
Var. 4. PALLIDA,.
P. pallida, Linn., Bot. Reg., t. 660.
Var. 5, HEDERACEA.
P. hederacea, Cav. Diss., x,, 448.
P. peltata, Hort.
5. P. limbata, Zenore, Mast., l.c., 547.
I have not seen this species, but presume it is closely
allied to P. suberosa. It is cultivated in the Botanic
Garden at St. Petersburg.

Secrion 2. DYSOSMIA.—Flowers with petals. Bracts deeply
cut.
6. P. foetida, Zinn., Amoon. Acad., i., 288, t. 10; Mast., in
Flor. Bras., l.c., 582; Cav. Diss., x., 289.
P. jursuta, Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 173, not of others.
Another exceedingly variable plant, found wild or culti-
vated throughout the tropics, to which the same re-
marks apply, mutates mutandis, as to P. suberosa. Messrs.
Triana and Planchon treat as separate species the forms
here considered as varieties, and point out their discrimi-

130 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

nating characters. While admitting the accuracy of their
observations on particular specimens, I may remark that
there are so many transitional and intermediate forms con-_
necting the extremes, that it appears to me preferable, on
scientific grounds, to treat the species in a broad comprehen-
sive way. To follow the opposite course would almost
necessitate the considering of every specimen in the herbaria
or in gardens as a distinct species. The botanists in question
lay great stress on the presence or absence of pubescence
on the ovary and fruit respectively ; but from my examina-
tion of the herbarium specimens, and of numerous culti-
vated forms, I can by no means attach so much importance
to this character as they do.
Var. 1. GOSSYPIIFOLIA.
P. gossypruifolia, Desv., Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort.
Berol., t. 46; Bot. Reg., 1634; Bot. Mag., t. 2619.
P. fetida, Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 725, not of Linn.
P. obscura, Lindl., in Trans. Hort. Soc., vii., 1.
P. hibiscifolia, DC. Prodr., i11., 331, not of Lam.
P. faetida, var. gossypriifolia, Triana & Planch., Lc.,
170.
Var. 2. urrsuta, Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 138.
P. Baraquimana, Lemaire, Ill. Hort., vii., t. 276.
? P. hispida, DC. MS., ex. Triana & Planch., l.c.,
172.
Var. 3. NIGELLIFLORA.
P. nigellifiora, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3635.
Var. 4. CILIATA.
P. ciliata, Aiton, Hort. Kew., 111., 310; Bot. Mag., t.
288.
P. hibiseifolia, Lam., not DC., Triana & Planch., L.c.,
172.
P. hirsuta, Jacq., Eclog., 123.

Section 3. DECALOBA.—Bracts minute, scattered. Flowers
with petals.
7. P. sexflora, Juss,, in Ann. Mus., vi., t. 87, f. 1; Mast., in
Flor. Bras,, l.c., 548. :
P. floribunda, Lemaire, Flore des Serres, iv., p. 835 b.
West Indies, Mexico.
5. P. auriculata, W.B.K., Noy. Gen. et Sp., ii., 1381; Mast.,
in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 485.

¢

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREX. 13l

P. appendiculata, Meyer, Prim. Fl. Essequib., 223.
P. Rohrit, DC., Prodr. in., 331.
P. cyathophora, Desy., in Ham. Prod. Fl., Ind. Occ., 48.
Brazil, West Indies, Guiana.
9. P. truncata, Regel., Gart. Flora., vill., 356 (1859); Mast.,
in Flor. Bras., l.c., 549.
South Brazil.

10. P. cuneata, Willd., Mast., in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 549.
Venezuela.

I have no personal knowledge of this species, which is

. described in the catalogue of the Berlin Garden. Messrs.
Triana and Planchon, l.c., 161, consider that it is probably
the same as P. glabrata, H.B.K., which they keep up as a
distinct species, but which I consider a form of P. lunata,
Willd.

11. P. tuberosa, Jacg., Hort. Schonb., iv., 49, t. 496; Mast.,
in FI]. Brasil., l.c., 550.

P. punctata, Lodd., Bot. Cab., 101, not of others.
West Indies, British Guiana, Mexico.

12. P. rotundifolia, Zznn., Cav. Diss., x., t. 290; Mast., in
Fl. Bras., l.c., 587.

Brazil, West Indies.

13. P. holosericea, Zinn., Bot. Mag., 2015; Bot. Reg., 59;
Mast., in Flor. Bras., l.c., 550.
teste.

14. P. trifasciata, Zemaire, Ill. Hort., t. 544. Leip! in Flor.
Brasil., l.c., 561.

North Brazil ?.

15. P. Andersoni, DC., Prodr., iii., 336; Mast., in Fl. Bras.,

lie., 551.
West Indies.
I have not seen this species in cultivation.

16. P. Vespertilio, Zonn., Ameen. Acad. ., 1, t. 10; Cav. Diss.,
x., 271; Mast. in Flor. Bras., l.c., Bot. Reg., 597.

Dg ihanitts Meyer, Fl. Esseq., 295.
Granadilla bicornis, Dill., Hort. Eltham, t. 137.
Guiana, Brazil, Peru.

17. P. rubra, Zinn., Amoen. Acad., 1., 222, t. 10, f. 9.; Jacq.,
Tc. Rar.,i., t. 186; Cav. Diss., x., t. 268; Bot. Reg., ii., 95 ;
Mast. in Flor. Bras., l.c., 589.

P. capsularis, Lamarck, and of some gardens, but not of
-Linneeus. ‘‘ Dutchman’s laudanum.”

13% ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Brazil, West Indies, Central America, Mexico.

18. P.capsularis, Zinn., Bot. Mag., 2868; Mast. in Flor.
Brasil., l.c., 589.

P. rubra, Lamarck, not of Linn.

Brazil, New Granada, Mexico.
The two preceding species are often confounded one with
the other, but differ materially in the shape of the leaf and
in that of the fruit.

19. P. Organensis, Gardn., Mast. in Flor. Bras., l.c., 590, t. 111.

Brazil.
Var. MARMoRATA; Mast. in Gard. Chron., 1869, 1168.
Brazil.
20. P. lunata, Willd.; Smith, Ic. Pict.,i., 1; Cav. Diss., x.,
288; Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 552. ’

P. bifora, Lam., Cav.
P. glabrata, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., ii, 135.
Mexico, Central America, West Indies. |
21. P. mexicana, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., 108, t. 38, f. 2;
Mast. in Fl. Bras., 1 ¢., 552.
Mexico.
I have not seen this in cultivation.
22. P. jorullensis, 7.8.., Nov. Gen. et Sp., ii., 140, Mast. in
Fl. Brasil, l.c., 552.
P. meduseea, Lemaire, Bot. Mag., 4752.
Mexico.
23. P. hispidula, Knowles § Westc., Bot. Cab., iii., 126; Mast.
in FI. Brasil., l.c., 553.
Mexico (?).
This species (?) or variety (?) has apparently disappeared
from British gardens. At any rate, I have not met with
any plant so named. In all probability it is a
synonym of some other species. See P. suberosa ante.
24. P. penduliflora, Bert., Bot. Mag., 4565; Mast. in Flor.
Brasil., l.c., 554.
West Indies. )
25. P. lutea, Zinn., Amcen. Acad., i., 224, t. 10, f. 18; Bot.
Reg., t. 79; Mast. in Fl. Brasil.,1c., 554,
Southern United States.
26. P.sicyoides, Schlecht. et Cham.; Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c.,
591.
FP, odora, Link et Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol., i., 93, tab. 47.
Mexico, Brazil.

&

.
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DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREZ. 133

_ 27; P. bryonoides, 7.B.X., Nov. Gen. & Sp., ii., 140; Mast,
in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 555.
P. exsudans, Zucce.
Mexico.
I find the name P. bryoniefolia in some garden cata-
logues, and which I take to refer to the plant here cited.
28. P. Mulleriana.
Disemma Milleriana, Regel. MSS.
Disemma coccinea, Hort. Melbourne, fide Regel.
- Australia.
29. P. Herbertiana, Zer., Bot. Reg., t. 737; Benth. FI.
Austral., ii1., 311.
Disemma Herbertiana, DC. Prod., iii., 333.
Australia.
30. P. cinnabarina, Zzndl., in Gard. Chron., 1855, p. 724, with
figure. [See woodcut on page 134. ]
Australia.
31. P. Banksii, Benth., Fl. Austral., iii., 312.
P. coccinea, Solander.
Disemma coccinea, DC. Prodr., iii., 3382.
Australia.
32. P. glabra, Wendl., Coll. Plant., i. (1805), f. 17.
P. adiantifolia, Ker., Bot. Reg., t. 2338.
Disemma adiantifolia, DC. Prodr., iii., 333.
Norfolk Island.
33. P- aurantia, Yorst., Prodr., 326.
Disemma aurantia, Labill., Sert. Caled., t. 79.
New Caledonia.
34, P. Maximiliana, Bory., Ann. Sc. Phys. Genév., ii., 149, t.
24; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 592.
P. discolor, Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Select. Hort. Berol., i., 13
t. 5; Loddiges Bot. Cab., 565.
P. retusa, Hook. et Arn., Bot. Misc., iii., 325.
P. vespertilio, Ker., Bot. Reg., t. 597 excl. syn. ; Lemaire,
Ill. Hortic., 1869, misc., p. 1, not of Linnzus.
Brazil.
35. P. punctata, Zinn., Amoen. Acad.,i., 10, f. 12; Cay. Diss.,
vi., t. 269; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 593.
Brazil, Peru, Guayaquil.
36. P. Swartzi1, Mast. in Fl. Brasil,, l.c., 556.
P. rotundifolia. Swarz. non Linn.
West Indies.

?

| ett veil’

154

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

I enter this with doubt, never having seen it in cultiva-

N
Xx
SN
\: >

s

PASSIFLORA CINNABARINA, Lindl. (see page 133.) ~ a
tion, but, as it has been confounded with the true P. rotundi-

DR. MASTERS'S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLORE. 135 —

folia, Linn., it may be in some botanic garden under that
name.

Suscenus 3. MURUCUIA.—Climbing shrubs or herbs. Bracts
small, scattered; membranous corona flat, not folded,
entire or filamentous at the margin.

Section 1. EU-MURUCUIA.—Membranous corona springing
from the throat of the flower-tube, erect or deflexed.
37. P, Murucuia, Zinn., Cav. Diss., x., 287; Bot. Reg., t. 574 ;
Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 557.
Murucuia ocellata, Pers. Ench., i1., 222. —
West Indies.
38. P. perfoliata, Linn., Bot. Reg., t. 78; Jacq. Hort. Schénbr.,
ii., 28, t. 182 ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 557.
P. cephaleima, Bory., Ann. Genéy., fi., 152, t. 22, f. 2.
P. normalis, Linn., Ameen. Acad., y., 408.
West Indies.
39. P. oblongata, Swarz., Fl. Ind. Occ., ii., 11365.
West Indies.
Var. Lyrtrorta, Tussac.
40. P. cuprea, Linn., Ameen. Acad., i., 219, t. 10., f. 3; Jacq.,
Ic. Pl. Rar., t. 606; Dill., Hort. Eltham, 138, t. 165; Mast.
in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 558.
Var. Cavanillesii, Mast., l.c.
P. cuprea, Cav. Diss., x., t. 278.
P. Cavanillesvi, DC. Prodr., iii., 323.
West Indies.

Section 2.—Membranous corona springing from near the base of
the flower-tube, erect or deflexed.
41. P. sanguinolenta, Wast., Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 1162: 1874,
ii., p. 227, in Flor. Brasil., L.c., 559, t. 128, f.3. Columbia,
Peru ?. (Pl. VIII. }
P. sanguinolenta.

This species was first described from specimens sent me
by M. Linden, and from the collector’s notes. Quite
recently, fresh specimens have been forwarded by Messrs.
Rollisson, which differ somewhat from those originally
examined. The plant is pubescent, or villose, rather
than pilose ; the flower is of a rose-pink colour, not red-
dish-violet, the flower-tube is sulcate and lobed at the

136 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIFTY,

base, the sepals are 3-nerved, and spread horizontally.
The membranous corona is slightly plicated, and the
threads immediately above it are more slender than in the
original specimen. The ovary is longitudinally ribbed.
By a misprint the leaves are described as tri-lobed in the
Flora Brasiliensis. The plant is very curious, and its
position in the genus not free from doubt. It is nearly
allied to P. reflexiflora.

Suneenus 4. GRANADILLA, DC.—Climbing herbs or shrubs
provided with tendrils. Bracts 3, large, leafy or coloured ;
flower-tube bell-shaped, fleshy ; petals 5, filamentous corona

in many rows; membranous corona springing from near the
middle of the tube.

Section 1.—Bracts united at the base.

42. P. maliformis, Zinn., Amoen. Acad., i., 220, t. 10, f. 5;
Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c.; Jacq., Eclog., i1., t. 121; Bot.
Reg., t.94; Triana & Planch., l.c., 149.

P. ornata, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii, 129. ‘ Sweet
Calabash.”’
Brazil, West Indies.

43. P. ligularis, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., tab. 40; Mast. in FI;

Brasil., l.c., 560; Bot. Mag., t. 2967.

P, Lowet, Heer in Regel Garten Flora, 1852, p. 69, t. 9.

? P. serratistipula, DC., Prodr., ii., 328.—Central America,

New Granada, Mexico.
44, P, triloba, Ruiz et Pav., Mast. in Fl. Brasil., 560.

P. colubrina, Poepp. et Endlich., Nov. Gen,, ii., 58.
Peru.
This is in the list of species cultivated in the St. Peters-
burg garden, and forwarded me by Dr. Regel.

45. P. serrata, Zinn., Ameen. Acad., i., 232, f. 10; Cav. Diss.,
x., 449, t. 296 ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 595, tab. 113.

? P. Sellowii, Dehnhart, Rivista Napol., i., 3, p. 180.
West Indies, Guiana, Peru, Brazil.

Section 2.—Bracts free.

46. P. quadrangularis, Zinn., Jacq., Am., 231, t. 148; Trans.
Linn. Soc., u., 3; Bot. Reg., t. 14; Cav. Diss., x., 283;
Bot. Mag., t. 2041; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 595.
Tropics of the Western Hemisphere ; generally cultivated.

DR. MASTERS'S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREX. 137

The plant grown in most gardens under this name has
fruit of the size and form of a swan’s egg, and differs in
_ the corona from P. alata and P. macrocarpa.

47. P. alata, Acton, Hort. Kew., iii., 306; Linn. Trans., ii., 3 ;
Bot. Mag., t. 66; Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 246; Mast. in Flor.
Brasil., l.c., 596, tab. 114.

? P. tetradena, Vand., ex DC. Prodr., iii., 331.
? P. pyriformis, DC. Prodr., iii., 381.
P. pedunculata, Hort.
P. angulata, Hort.
Var. 1. srastutana, Desf., Cat. Pl. Hort. Paris., ed. iii., —
411.
P. phenicea, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1603.
P. maliformis, Vell., Flor. Flum., ix., t. 73; not of
Linneus.
P. oviformis, Roemer, Synops. Monogr., ii., 167.
Var, 2, LATIFOLIA.
? P. latifolia, DC. Prodr., iii., 328.
Var. 3, MAURITIANA.
P. mauritiana, Du Petit Thouars, in Ann. Mus., vi.,
t. 65.
P. mascarensis, Presl., Bot. Bemerk., 72.
Brazil; var. 2, Peru; var. 8, Mauritius.
The synonym P. latifolia, DC., may belong to P.
macrocarpa.
P. alata may be known by its narrowly-winged
stems, distant secondary nerves, small stipules, and
pyriform or obovoid fruit in addition to the characters
of the corona, which are very distinct.

48. P. macrocarpa, Wast., in Gard. Chron., 1869, 1012; and

in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 598, tab. 115.
P. Hulletti, of some gardens.
North Brazil, Peru. Sa
This is the large-fruited Passion-flower rendered so famous
some years since from the exaggerated accounts published
of it by a notorious impostor. Messrs. Triana & Planchon
(Ann. Sc. Nat., 1873, tom. xvii., p. 147) are of opinion that
my P. macrocarpais the same as the large-fruited variety of
P, quadrangularis mentioned by Jacquin. I have already
given my reasons for dissenting from this view, and can
only now repeat my conviction formed after the repeated
examination of dried 'and living forms, including one of

138

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Jacquin’s types, that P. quadrangularis with deeply-winged
stems and oviform fruit, P. alata with narrowly-winged
stems and obovoid or pyriform fruit, and P. macrocarpa with
deeply winged stems and very large, oblong, obtuse, sulcate
fruits (all three, moreover, differing materially one from the
other in the arrangement and number of the parts of the
corona)—are specifically distinct. With all deference to
Messrs. Triana & Planchon, whose opinion is entitled to
respectful consideration, I must still consider P. macro-
carpa as totally distinct. My reasons for so doing are stated
at length in Gard. Chron., 1869, 1012, and the plates in the
Flora Brasiliensis above cited will show more clearly than
words would do the great difference between the flowers of
P. alata and P. macrocarpa. I have now repeatedly seen
the three species as grown in English gardens side by side,
and cannot doubt their distinctness. At Kew, in the Palm
Stove, P. qguadrangularis and P. macrocarpa are grown side
by side, and no one who sees the two in juxta-position in
flower and fruit would confound them. The characters
derived from the foliage, stipules, and wings of the stem
are, it is true, less trustworthy. The question remains
whether there is a large-fruited variety of P. quadrangularis,
or whether Jacquin’s variety, sulcata, should be referred
to P. macrocarpa.

Messrs. Triana & Planchon think it possible that Jacquin
may have confounded P. alata with P. guadrangularis, and
that the true P. guadrangularis is what he calls the variety
sulcata, But Jacquin’s description of the petiolar glands and
of the fruit is that of P. guadrangularis, and not of P. alata.
The type specimen of Jacquin in the British Museum does
indeed bear out MM. Triana and Planchon’s opinion, so
far as relates to the narrow wings to the stem; but the
petiolar glands are six in number, and the nerves of the leaf

_are not arranged as in P. alata.

It must also be borne in mind that the plants in ques-
tion have been cultivated for a long series of years over a
wide range, and that seminal and hybrid varieties have
in consequence been produced.

49. P. tilizefolia, Cav., Diss. x., t. 285 ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil.,

Lc; poz.

Peru.

This is mentioned in garden catalogues, but I have not
seen a living specimen.

DR. MASTERS’ CLASSIFIED LISE OF PASSIFLOREX. 189

50. P. amabilis, Hook., Bot. Mag., 4406 ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil.,
lic., 502.
South Brazil.
51. P. laurifolia, Zinn., Cav. Diss., x., t. 284; Jacq., Hort.
Vindob., ii., 102; Trans. Linn. Soc., ii., t. 4; Bot. Reg., 1., 13;
Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 603.
P. acuminata, DC. Prodr., iii., 328.
P. tinifolia, Juss. in Ann, Mus., vi., 113, t. 41, f. 2.
*¢ Water-lemon.”

Brazil, Guiana, West Indies.

52. P. serratifolia, Linn., Ameen. Acad., i., 217, t.. 10, f. 1;
Bot. Mag., t., 651?; Mast. in Flor. Brasil, l.c., 563.
Mexico.

53. P. eoecinea, Aublet, Guiana, ii., 828; Cav. Ic., 452, t.
280; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 605.

P. fulgens, Morren, Belgique Horticole, xvi., 1866, t. 13,
p-1 193. 7
P. Monnieri, Buchoz, Herb. Col. de ?Amér. (1783), tab. 35.
Brazil, Guiana, Peru.
Two varieties are described.
Var. 1. minor, and
Var. 2. VELUTINA. :
Passiflora velutina, DC. Prodr., i11., 327.
54. P.mucronata, Zam., Enc., iii., 33; (1789) Cav. Diss., x.,
t. 283; Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 605.
P. albida, Ker, Bot. Reg., t. 677 (1822).
P. pallida, Vell. Fl. Flum., ix., t. 70.
Brazil. .
55. P.pedata, Zinn., Amon. Acad.; 233, t. x., f. 22; Mast. in
Flor. Brasil., l.c., 564.
Guiana, West Indies.
56. P. quadriglandulosa, Lodschied, Observ., 77 (1796) ; Mast.
in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 607.
Tacsoma sanguinea, DC. Prodr., iii., 334; Bot. Mag., t. 4674.
T. quadriglandulosa, quadridentata, and pubescens, DC. Prodr.,
ii1., 335. |
? Passiflora guianensis, Miquel., in Linnea, xvili., 751.
? P. Lockharti, Don, ex Roemer Synops., ii., 183.
North Brazil, Guiana, Trinidad.
57. P. vitifolia, #.B.X., Nov. Gen. et Sp., ii., 188; Mast. in

Flor. Brasil., 1.c., 607 ; Triana and Planchon, in Ann. Sc-
Nat., xvii. (1873), 148.

140

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Passiflora sanguinea, Smith in Rees Cyclop., not Zuacsonia

sanguinea of DC. nor of Hooker.

P. punicea, DC. Prodr., iii., 329.

Tacsonia Buchanan, Lemaire, Ill. Hort., t. 519.

P. servitensis, Karst., in Linnea, xxx., 163 ; Fl. Columb. Spec.

Select., i., t. 53.

? P. caraccassana, Willd.
? P. multiformis, Jacq., Fragm., 169, t. 67, f.1. Leaves only

figured.
Brazil, Peru, New Granada.
This varies in the size of the flower, and especially of the
bracts. A noble plant.

58. P. Middletoniana, Pazt., Mag. Bot., ix. (1842), p. 51.

59.

Perhaps a garden hybrid. There is a plant of this species
in the succulent house at Kew, but I have not seen the
flowers.

P. cincinnata, Mast., in Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 966, with
figure, and in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 609; Hook. Bot. Mag.
5737. [See woodcut on opposite page. |

Brazil.

60. P. incarnata, Zinn., Amcoen. Acad., i., 230, t. 10, f. 19;

61.

Cav. Diss., x., t. 293; Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 565.
Southern States of North America,
P. edulis, Sims, Bot. Mag., 1989; Sabine in Trans. Hort.
Soc. Lond., ii., 99, t. 3; Mast.,in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 610.

P. incarnata, var. B., Bot. Reg., t. 152.
P. diaden, Flor. Flum., ix., t. 90 ?.

Brazil. Generally cultivated in the tropics.

This species furnishes the most highly perfumed fruit,
of an ovoid or oblong form and purple colour, and is the
one most worthy of cultivation for dessert. There are
several varieties, or possibly distinct species, as follows :—

Var. 1. VERRUCIFERA.

Passiflora verrucifera, Lindley, Bot. Rag .) XXVI., t. 52
(1846). Fruit, greenish-yellow. .
Var. 2. Kerr. :
P. Keri, Spreng., Syst. Veg., iii., 39.
P. incarnata, var. B integriloba, DC. Prodr., iii., 329.
P. incarnata, Ker, Bot. Reg., 382, non Linn.
Var. 3. POMIFERA.
P. edulis, Flor. Flum., ix., t. 89; not of Sims.
Var. 4. RUBRICAULIS.

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREX. 141

P. rubricaulis, Jacq., Eclog., t. 169.

? P. rigidula, Jacq., Eclog., ii., 124.

? P, pallidiflora, Bertoloni, Sylloge plant. Hort. Bonon.
(1827). p. 6.

“VR MC

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ANS \ Ata ee

XY) tenn

q ‘ y Mii

PASSIFLORA CINCINNATA, Mast. (see previous page.)

62, P. alba, Zink and Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol., t. 33;
Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 611.
P, stipulata, Triana and Planchon, in Ann. Sc. Nat. (1878),
Xvil., 152, ? of Aublet.

142 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

? P. subpeltata, Ortega, Decad., p. 78.
° P. atomaria, Planch. MS, (sepals and petals spotted).
Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.
I have elsewhere expressed a doubt as to whether the
specimens I have included under this name from Brazil are
specifically identical with those from other parts of America,
but at the same time I cannot agree with Messrs. Triana and
Planchon that Link and Otto’s plant (as grown also at _
Kew and in other British gardens) is identical either with
Aiton’s P. glauca, or with Aublet’s stipulata. From the
former it differs in the leaves, bracts, sepals, and corona,
while of P. stipulata of Aublet, as already mentioned, nothing
is known, except the figure of the leaves. Triana and
Planchon also refer to this species P. atomaria and P. sub-
peltata, on which points I here offer no opinion.
63. P. Mooreana, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 83773; Mast. in Flor.
Brasil., l.c., 566.
La Plata.
64. P. amethystina, J/ikan., Delect. Flor. et Faun. Brasil.,
fasc. iv., with good figure ; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 613.
P. Sraiihins: Lindl. Bot. Reg. ., new series, t. 21.
Brazil.
65. P.filamentosa, Wrlld., Cav. Diss., x., 461, t. 294; Mast.
in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 614.
South Brazil.

&

Var. PALMATA.

P. filamentosa, var. 8, Bot. Reg., t. 584.
P. filamentosa, Bot. Mag., t. 2023.
P. palmata, Lodd., Bot. Cab., 97.
66. P. actinia, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4009; Flore des Serres.,
ii., 39; Mast. in Fl. Brasil., l.c., 615.
South Brazil.
67. P, glauca, Aiton, Hort. Kew. (1789), ii., 808 ; Jacq., Hort.
Schonb., t. 384, Bot. Reg., t. 88; Mast. in Flor. Brasil.,
Lc., 567.
P. stipulate Triana & Planchon, Ann. Sc. Nat. py XVil.,
p. 152, ? of Aublet.
Mexico, Cental America, New Granada.
Messrs. Triana and Planchon refer this to Aublet’s P. sti-
pulata. See as to this point the note on P. arborea and P. alba.

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREE. 1438

_ 68, P. stipulata, Awdlet, Pl. Guian. (1775), t. 325; Mast. in
Fl. Brasil., l.c., 567. :
French Guiana.
Aublet’s plant is only known to me by the figure above
cited, in which leaves and no flowers are represented. As
the name occurs in some garden-catalogues, I enter it here ;
but I have seen no specimen in British gardens under this
name. If MM. Triana and Planchon’s suggestion be
true, Link and Otto’s P. alba, as well as Aiton’s P. glauca,
belong here. See ante,

69. P.tucumanensis, Hook., Bot. Mag., 3636; Mast. in FI.
Brasil., l.c., 615. :
South Brazil, Tucuman.

70. P. picturata, Ker, Bot. Reg., t. 673; Lodd. Cab., 1050;
Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 616.

Guiana, Brazil.
71. P. cerulea, Zinn., Amcen. Acad., i., 231, t. 10, f. 3; Bot.
Mag., t. 28; Mast. in Flor. Brasil., 1 c., 617.
South Brazil, Uruguay.
Cultivated in some tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is
also quite hardy near London. Many seedling and hybrid
varieties exist, some of which may be here cited :—
Var. 1. ANGUSTIFOLIA.
Var. 2. @Lauca.
Var. 3. IMBRICATA.
Var. 4. ALBA.
Var. 5. Nevmannti, Paxt , Mag. Bot., xv., 270.
72. P. reflexiflora, Cav., Ic. v., 425; Mast. in Flor. Brasil.,
l.c., 569.
Tacsonia reflexifiora, Juss., in Ann. Mus., vi., 398.
Tacsonia levis, Benth., Bot. Sulph., 100.

Guatemala, Peru, &c.

Cultivated in the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden.

73. P. racemosa, Grotero in Trans. Linn. Soc., xii., 71, t. 6;
Mast. in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 618, t. 125; Bot. Reg., iv., 285 ;
Bot. Mag., 2001.

P. princeps of gardens and Lodd. Cab., 84.
South Brazil. ; .

74, P. Raddiana, DC. Prod., iii., 329; Mast. in Flor. Brasil.,
lc., 619, tab. 126.

P. kermesina, Link and Otto, Verh. des Preuss. Gartenb.
L2

144 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Verein, ii., t. 15; Bot. Reg., xix., t. 1633; Bot. Mag.,
t. 3503; Paxt. Mag., i, 25; xiv., 151.
? P, dentata, Vell., Flor, Flum., ix., t. 94.
South Brazil.

SECTION III.—Bracts free, leafy ; flower-tube short, fleshy :
membranous corona plicate as in § Plectostemma; habit of §
Granadilla.

75. P. Hahnii, Mast., in Flor. Brasil., l.c., 569.
Distemma Hahnii, Fournier in Revue Horticole, 1869; 4380 c.,
tab. color.
Mexico.
I saw this species in flower at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, in
1870, and was furnished by M. Decaisne with cuttings,
which were transmitted to Kew. It is one of the most
singular species, and of considerable beauty.
76. P. pulchella, H.B.K., N.G. et Sp. ii., 184; Mast. in
Flor. Brasil., 1.c. 570.
P. rotundifolia, Jacq., Obs., part ii. (1767); not of Linn. or
of Swarz.
P. dwaricata, Griseb., Bonplandia (1858), Did.
P. rotundifolia B Jacquinit, DC., Prod. iii., 328.
Central America, Venezuela, &c.

In addition to the preceding species, whose botanical
history is more or less well known, there are several other
forms named in gardens and garden-catalogues, some of
which are probably selected seedling varieties, of well-
known species, while others are known to be of hybrid
origin. I give a list of these names, but without accepting
any responsibility as to their correctness :—

P. aculeata, Hort.
I have no idea what this is. bo Ae
P. albicans, Hort.
This is probably a misprint for P. albida, Ker.
x P. albo-nigra, Regel. Gart. Flora (1852), t. 8.

Said to be a cross between P. alata and P. Raddiana.

P. amabilis, Hort. ?

This is said to be a hybrid between P. racemosa as the
g and P. alata g. I have not seen it, unless it be the

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLORER. 145

same as the species of the same name. See ante,
No. 50.
x P. alato-cerulea, W. Mast. in Bot. Reg., 848.
A hybrid between the species named, raised in the Can-
terbury nurseries.
? P. angulatas Hort. Probably a misprint for P. alata.
x Bijou.
Said to be a hybrid between P. racemosa and P. Rad-
diana.
x P. Belottii; Hort., Regel. Gart. Flora (1852), 44; Gard. Mag.
Bot., 1., 9.
Said to be a cross between x JP. c@ruleo-racemosa and
gad rangularis. |
x P. Buonapartea, Hort.

Probably a hybrid between P. alata and P. quadrangu-
laris. |

x P. cwruleo-racemosa, Sabine; Trans. Hort. Soe., iv., 9;
Lodd. Cab., 573.

A well-known hybrid between the two species above-
named. In the list kindly forwarded me by Dr. Regel a
variety of this (?) called Cleweriana is mentioned.

P. ceruleo-Kermesina,
Probably across between P. carulea and P. Raddiana.
P. cardinalis: Hort. Laurentius.
P. chinensis, Hort.
Is probably a form of P. ce@rulea.
x P. Colvillei, Sweet Brit. Fl. G., ii., 126.

Said to be ahybrid between P. caerulea 8 and P. inear-
nata 2. See ante, No. 71.

x P. Decaisneana, Flore des Serres, viii., 848 ; Revue Horticole,
1855, 15.
Said to be a hybrid between P. quadrangularis and
P. alata. |

P. fragrans, Hort.
Said to be = P. Middletoniana.

P. Countess Gigliucci ?.

P. Hartwiesiana, Hort. Rollison, is probably a seedling variety
of P. cerulea, with white flowers.

P. helleborifolia, Wadlis.
Of this I have seen a sketch by its discoverer. It is

apparently very near to P. pedata, but may be dis-
tinct. ;

146 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

P. hircina, Hort. — P. fetida.
P. Hulletti, Hort. = P. macrocarpa, Mast.
x P. hybrida floribunda, Hort.
Apparently a cross between P. cerulea and P. Raddiana.
P. Imperatrice Eugénie. Illustr. Horticole, 1858, 175.
Apparently a cross between P. c@rulea and P. quadran-
gularis or P. alata.
x P. Innesii, Mast. in Gard. Chron., 1870, 891.
A cross between P. alata @ and P. macrocarpa Co.
P. Karsteniana. ? = P. bryoniocdes.
P. Lamberti, Hort.
x P. Lawsoniana, Mast. in Gard. Chron., 1868, 1288.
A cross between racemosa g and alata 2. .
x P. Lemicheziana.
P. Loudoni, Hort.

I have met with different forms under this name, but I
have reason to think the original P. Zoudoni was a cross
between P. Raddiana and P. racemosa.

P. maculata, Hort. ?
x P. Madonna.

Said to be a cross between P. racemosa and P. Buona-

partea,
P. marmorea, Hort. Linden = Ophiocaulon cissampeloides.
Mast.
P. Mayana. A form of cerulea probably.
x P. Munroii, Mast. in Gard. Chron., 1868, 1288.
A cross between cerulea ¢ and alata 9.
x P. Count Nesselrode.
P. patula, Hort. ?
P. semiorbicularis, Hort. Petrop., said to be Brazilian.
P. tripartita, Hort. ?
P. ulmifolia, Hort. ?
P. Comte de Woronzoff.
Said to be a form of P. Raddiana.

INDEX OF NAMES.

Tue first number refers to the species, the second to the page; the names in
italics are those adopted for the plants admitted as good species ; the other names
refer to varieties, synonyms, garden names, or to plants respecting which further
information is wanted; the x prefixed to the names indicate hybrids. The
accompanying illustrations have been kindly lent by the proprietors of the
“ Gardeners’ Chronicle.”

AstTR°PHRA, 128 DECALOBA, 130
Cizca, 128 ~ Disemma, 133

.

DR. MASTERS’S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREZ.

DisemMa, 133

adiantifolia, n. 82, 133
aurantia, n. 33, 133
coccinea, n, 31, 133
Hahnii, n. 75, 144
Herbertiana, n. 29, 133
Miilleriana, n. 28, 133

Dysosmria, 129
GRANADILLA, 136

bicornis, n. 16, 131

Morvucula, 135

ocellata, n. 37, 135

PASsIFLORA, 128

actinia, n. 66, 142

aculeata, 144

acuminata, n. 51, 139

adiantifolia, n. 32, 133

alata, nu. 47, 137

alata, var. brasiliana, n. 47, 137

alata, var. latifolia, n. 47, 137

alata,var. mauritiana, a. 47, 137

x alato-cerulea, 145

alba, un. 62, 141

albicans, 144

albida, n. 54, 139

<albo-nigra, 144

amabilis, n. 50, 139

x amabilis, 144

amethystina, n. 64, 142

Andersoni, n. 15, 131

angulata, 145

angulata, n. 47, 137

angustifolia, n. 4, 129

antioquiensis, n. 2, 125

appendiculata, n. 8, 131

arborea, n. 1, 128

atomaria, n. 62, 142

aurantia, n. 33, 133

auriculata, n. 8, 130

Banksii, nu. 31, 133

Baraquiniana, n. 6, 130

x Belottii, 145

biflora, n. 20, 132

biformis, n. 3, 128

< Bijou, 145

bryonioides, n. 27, 133

bryonieefolia, n. 27, 133

x Buonapartea, 145

caerulea, un. 71, 148

cerulea, var. alba, n. 71, 143

cerulea, var. angustifolia, n. 71,
143

cerulea, var. glauca, nu. 71, 143

cerulea, var. imbricata, n. 71,
143

cerulea, var. Neumanni, nu. 71,
143

< ceruleo-kermesina, 145

x ceeruleo-racemosa, 145

capsularis, n. 17, 131

capsularis, n. 18, 132

caraccassana, n. 57, 140

cardinalis, 145

Cavanillesii, n. 40, 135

147

PASSIFLORA, 128

cephaleima, n. 38, 135
chinensis, 145
ciliata, n. 6, 130
citncinnata, v. 59, 140
cinnabarina, nu. 30, 133
clypeata, n. 3, 128
coccinea, n. 53, 139
coccinea, n. 31, 133
colubrina, n. 44, 186

x Colvillei, 145

x Comte de Woronzoff, 146
curiacea, n. 3, 128

x Countess Gigliucci, 145

x Count Nesselrode, 146

cuneata, n. 10, 131

cuprea, n. 40, 135

cuprea, var. Cavanillesii, n. 40,
135

cyathophora, n. 8, 131

< Decaisneana, 145

dentata, n. 74, 144

diaden, n. 61, 140

difformis, n. 3, 128

discolor, n. 34, 133

divaricata, n. 76, 144

edulis, n. 61, 140

edulis, var. Kerti, n. 61, 140

edulis, var. pomifera, n. 61, 140

tae var. rubricaulis, n. 61,
14

edulis, var. verrucifera, n. 61,
140

exsudans, n. 27, 133

JSilamentosa, n. 65, 142

filamentosa, var. palmata, n. 65,
142

floribunda, n. 7, 130

fetida, n. 6, 129

foetida, var. ciliata, n. 6, 130

fetida, var. gossyptifolia, n. 6,
130

fetida, var. hirsula, n. 6, 180
fetida, var. nigelliflora, n. 6,
130

fragrans, 145

fulgens, n. 53, 139
glabra, n. 32, 133
glabrata, n. 20, 132
glauca, n. 67, 142
glauca, n. 1, 128
gossypvifolia, n. 6, 180
gracilis, n. 2, 128
guianensis, n. 56, 139
Hahnii, n. 75, 144
Hartwiesiana, 145
hederacea, n, 4, 129
helleborifolia, 145
hemicycla, n. 16, 131
Herbertiana, n. 29, 133
heterophylla, n. 4, 129
hibiscifolia, n. 6, 130
hirsuta, n. 4, 129
hirsuta, n. 6, 130

ROYAL HORTICCLFURAL SOCIETY.

PASsIFLORA (continued )—

hirsuta, n. 6, 129
hircina, 146
hispidula, n. 4, $29
hispida, n. 6, 130
hispidula, un. 23, 131
holosericea, n. 18, 132
Aulletti, 146
Hulletti, n. 48, 137

x hybrida floribunda, 146

x Imperatrice Eugénie, 146
incarnata, n. 60, 140

< Innesii, 146
insignis, n. 3, 125
jorullensis, n. 22, 132
Karsteniana, 146
Kerii, n. 61, 140
kermesina, n. 74, 143
Lamberti, 146
latifolia, n. 47, 137
laurifolia, n. 51, 139

< Lawsoniana, 146

x Lemicheziana, 146
ligularis, n. 43, 136
limbata, n. 5, 129
littoralis, n. 4, 129
Lockharti, n 56, 159
Loudoni, 146
Lowei, n. 43, 136
lunata, n. 20, 132
lutea, n. 25, 132
lyrifolia, n. 39, 135
macrocarpa, n. 48, 137
maculata, 146

x Madonna, 146
maliformis, n. 42, 136
maliformis, n. 47, 137
marmorata, n. 19, 132
marmorea, 146
mascarepsis, n. 47, 137
mauritiana, 0. 47, 137
Mazximiliana, n. 34, 133
Mayana, 146
meduseea, n. 22, 132
mexicana, n. 21, 132
Middletoniana, n. 58, 140
minima, n. 4, 129
Monnieri, n. 53, 139

< Monroii, 146
Mooreana, un. 63, 142
mucronata, n. 64, 139
Milleriana, n. 28, 133
multiformis, n. 57, 140
Murucuia, n. 87, 135
nigelliflora, n. 6,130
normalis, n. 38, 135
oblongata, n. 39, 135

oblongata, var. lyrifolia, n. 39,
135

obscura, n. 6, 130
odora, n. 26, 132
onychina, n. 64, 142
Organensis, 0. 19, 132

Organensis, var. marmorata, N.

19, 132

PASSIFLORA (continued )J—
ornata, n. 42, 136
oviformis, n. 47, 137
pallida, n. 4, 129
pallida, n. 54, 139
pallidiflora, n. 61, 141
palmata, n. 65, 142
patula, 146
pedata, n. 55, 139
peduncularis, n. 5, 125
peduncula aj n. 47, 137
peltata, n. 4, 129
pendulifiora, n. 24, 132
perfoliata, n. 88, 135
pheenicea, n. 47, 137
picturata, n. 70, 143
princeps, n. 73, 143
pseudo-suberosa, n. 4, 129
pulchella, nu. 76, 144
punctata, n. 35, 133
punctata, n. 11, 131
punicea, n. 7, 140
pyriformis, n. 47, 137
quadrangularis, n. 46, 136
quadriglandulosa, n. 56, 139
racemosa, n. 73, 143
Raddiana, n. 74, 143
reflexiflora, n. 72, 143
retusa, n. 34, 133 .
rigidula, n. 61, 141
Rohrii, n. 8, 131
rotundifolia, n. 12, 131
rotundifolia, n. 36, 133
rotundifolia, n. 76, 144
rotundifolia 8, Jacquinii, n. 76,

144

rubra, n. 17, 131
rubra, n. 18, 132
rubricaulis, n. 61, 141
sanguinea, n. 57, 140
sanguinolenta, n. 41, 135
Sellowii, n. 45, 136
semiorbicularis, 146
serrata, n. 45, 136
serratifolia, n. 52, 139
serratistipula, n. 43, 136
servitensis, n. 57, 140
sexflora, n. 7,130 ~
sicyoides, n. 26, 132
stipulata, n. 62, 141
stipulata, n. 67, 142
stipulata, n. 68, 143

~ suberosa, n. 4, 129
subpeltata, n 62, 142
Swartzit, nu. 36, 133
tetradena, n. 47, 137
tiliefolia, n. 49, 138
tinifolia, n. 51, 139
tomentosa, n. 6, 126
trifasciata, n. 14, 131
triloba, n. 44, 136
tripartita, 146
truncata, n. 9, 131
tuberosa, n. 11, 151
tucumanensis, n. 69, 113

DR. MASTER'S CLASSIFIED LIST OF PASSIFLOREZ, - 149

PAsstFLo Ra (continued)— TAcsonrA (continued)—
ulmifolia, 146 Jamesont, 127
velutina, n. 53, 139 levis, n. 72, 143
verrucifera, n. 61, 140 manicata, n. 4, 125
vespertiliv, n. 16, 131 mixta, n. 7, 126

vespertilio, n. 34, 135
vitifolia, n. 57, 139
Walkerie, n. 4, 129

PLECTOSTEMMA, 128
POGGENDORFFIA, 125

rosea, n. 1, 125

‘TACSONTA, 125

Buchanani, 127 and n. 57,
140

eriantha, n. 7, 126

X exoniensis, 127
fulgens, 127

grandis, 127

ignea, n. 4, 125 and 127

mollissima, u. 6, 125
peduncularis, n. 125
pinnatistipula, n. 1, 125
pubescens, 127 and n. 56,
139
quadridentata, n. 56, 139
quadriglanduosa, 127 and 139
quitensis, n. 7, 126
reflexiflora, n. 72, 143
sanguinea, 127, and 56, 139
speciosa, n. 7, 126
splendens, 126
tomentosa, n. 6 and 7, 126
van-Volxemit, n. 2, 125

msignis, n. 3, 125

XXV. On the Mildew of Hollyhocks. By the Rev. M. J.
Berxevey, M.A., F.R.H.S.

Tue late Dr. Montagne published in the ‘‘ Flora Chilena” (1852) a
species of Puccinia under the manuscript name which Bertero had
given it some years before, P. malvacearum. He found it on several
species of Malvacee, and stated that it is very common. The same
species had already ,been sent by Mr. Bridges from Valparaiso, and
bears the MS. name in my Herbarium of P. foveolaris, under
which, however, it was never published.

After the lapse of several years Mr. Carson* brought me from
Melbourne (Australia) specimens of the same Puccinia on the leaves
of Malva rotundifolia and the common Hollyhock, with the in-
formation that it is so common on Hollyhocks that the cultivation.
of them is hopeless.

On several occasions the same complaint has been made in this
country, and at the same time it appeared that the parasite was
attacking different species of Mallow in several parts of the country.
Mr. Broome first sent me specimens, and I have since received it
from Mr. N. Reid, in July, 1873.

M. Durieu de Maisonneuve received the same on indigenous species
of Malva in April, 1878, and has given an account of its sudden
appearance and prevalence in France, in the department of La

Gironde.}

* See Gardeners’ Chronicle, Sep. 2, 1865. ,
+ Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, t. xxiv., 1873.

~

BERKELEY ON MILDEW OF HOLLYHOCKS.,

MR.

150

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 151

It seems quite certain that its appearance in this country has
been equally recent, as no trace of it appears in any of our Floras,
nor, with the exception just mentioned, is there any specimen
amongst the numerous individuals of the genus from various
quarters in my Herbarium. I have, indeed, another species on
Malvacee—viz., Puccima Abutih, B. & Br. Fungi of Ceylon, No.
816, on Abutilon graveolens, which also has been gathered by Mr.
Ayres, on a species of Szda, in Mauritius. This has much shorter,
obtuse, and very different pseudospores. I have also a closely-
allied species, Puccinia sepulta, B. &. Curt., Proc. Am. Ac. iv.,
p. 126, on some uncertain plant.

P. malvacearum is figured by Corda from specimens com-
municated by Dr. Montagne, Ic. Fasc., vi., p. 4, t. 1, f. 12, and
my own analysis exactly accords with his figure.

Mr. Carson’s specimens were received in this country in 1865
but we have no information as to the time of the first appearance
of the parasite in Australia. It would perhaps be assuming too
much, in the absence of direct information, to give an opinion that
the present disease might possibly have been derived from those
specimens. Some years, however, elapsed before Hollyhocks were
attacked in this country, and more before the parasite spread to
our common Mallows.

The sudden appearance of parasites is extremely curious,
Nothing was known of Peronospora wfestans in Great Britain till
1844. There is not a trace of it in any old Herbarium—as, for
example, in those of De Candolle or Sowerby, though species quite
as obscure are contained in each, and it appears more than probable
that it came from Chili into the United States, from whence it
travelled here, as the disease, according to Monsieur Gay, has been
known in Chili from time immemorial, though the cause was not
ascertained. As the Peronospora can be conveyed by tubers, its in-
troduction is readily accounted for, but unless the Hollyhock disease
in this country and in France was really derived from the Australian
specimens, which is not impossible, we can only have recourse
to the fortuitous introduction by means of the air, After the
recent observations of Dr. Cunningham at Calcutta, which show
that such a marvellous host of Fungus spores float about in the
air, in which they seem even to germinate, and so are at once ready —
‘for propagation where they find a fitting resting-place and favour-
able climatic conditions, its introduction need not be matter of
surprise.

The characters of the species as given by Montagne in the “ Flora

152 MR. BERKELEY ON MILDEW OF HOLLYHOCKS.

Chilena” are:—‘‘ Hypophyllous; sori scattered, hemispherical,
at first covered by the cuticle which remains attached in the centre,
umbilicate beneath, the border rufous; spores densely crowded,
ovoideo-oblong, even, brown, somewhat constricted, in the middle
obtusely acuminate, with very long hyaline pedicels.” (See fig,
p. 150.) P. abutil, on the contrary, has very short, obtuse pseudos-
pores, scarcely constricted in the middle, and very short pedicels.

It is now some years since I received from Lieut.-Colonel Grant,
of Wellington, Neilgherries, some leaves of Orange and Mango
which were infested with the oidioid form of some Erysiphe. It
was stated that neither hot and dry nor wet weather appeared to
affect it, and that it was very destructive. This, indeed, was plain,
from the appearance of the leaves, as the parenchym was com-
pletely exhausted where the parasite was attached, and had become
brown. Our attention has lately been recalled to the subject by a
sprig of Orange from Mooloya, Hewahette, Ceylon (4000 feet), —
sent by Dr. Thwaites, under No. 1230, too late to be included in
the account of Ceylon Fungi lately published in the journals of the
Linnean Society. The Wellington specimens exhibit, except in one
minute spot, nothing more than a form of Oidium with rather long,
almost truncated joints. In the Ceylon specimen there is a trace
of these, though most have been absorbed, and in their place a
multitude of both conidio-morphic and spherical pycnidia, pouring
out a profusion of stylospores, exactly as in the figure which
Tulasne gives in his Carpologia 1., t. 5, fig.3. It is most probable,
therefore, that the species is one of the forms of Erysiphe communes,
and it is the more interesting because the genus is not hitherto re-
corded as occurring in the Eastern Indies or the neighbouring
islands. The perfect fruit has not yet been found. As the Vine
mildew has extended to tropical climates, and is capable of being
propagated on other plants, it becomes a matter of interest to
inquire whether the parasite in question is not identical, and
whether it has not been introduced with it. It is not confined to
either surface of the leaf. The question of its possible introduc-
tion is the more important in consequence of the sudden irruption
into Australia, and more recently into Europe, of Puccinia malva-
cearum ; and it is well that the matter should be recorded, as it may
throw light on future observations, should the pest spread either
on Orange trees or Mango.

As it appears to be quite superficial, there can be no doubt that
it would be checked by sulphur. We have not heard of its occur-

A

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 153

rence on Orange leaves, either in the South of Europe or the
Azores ; but botanists should look out for it.

XXVI. On a pink sport of the Gloire de Dijon Rose. By M.
T. Masrrrs, M.D., F.R.S.

Ovr first knowledge of this beautiful variety was derived from a
specimen forwarded by Mr. A. 8. Kemp.* From the history given
by that gentleman it appears that the plant was struck as a cut-
ting four years since, and is growing on its own roots, in ordinary
garden soil. Up to the year 1872 nothing unusual presented itself,
but in the last-named season all the flowers that it produced were
of a rosy pink colour. A plant of the same variety growing in the
same border, within a distance of a foot, is not the least changed.

The outer petals of Gloire de Dijon are frequently tinged
with pink, and markedly so before the flower is fully expanded,
and in the flowers produced in autumn; hence it is not surprising
that some of our Rosarians should have thought Mr. Kemp’s speci-
mens presented merely an exaggeration of this tendency. Thus
we find Mr. D. T. Fish} expressing himself in relation to this
subject as follows :—

‘This may be a case of reversion (as suggested) but more pro-
bably it is an affair of local peculiarity of soil, or constitution .
I have even observed marked differences of shade in the same,
plant on different branches. Again, this Rose on its own roots, or
on the Manetti and rooted over or above the graft, is more apt to
show a pinky tint than over the briar, and these alterations of
colour are more common towards the autumn than later ( ? earlier)

in the season. Again, few things are more inconstant than the

colour of Roses. . . . Are they all reverting,” proceeds Mr. Fish
**to their remote progenitors? and what were the colours and

_ shapes of these, and why should the modern ones hie back in colour,

and assume the forms of the Roses of long, long ago? ”

The questions here propounded by Mr. Fish go to the root of the
matter, and are by no means easily answered. Before offering any
remarks on the possible mode of origin of this variety, it may be

* Gard. Chron. 1872, 1160, col. a.
¢ Gard. Chron. 1872, 1230, col. a.

154 DR. MASTERS ON A PINK GLOIRE DE DIJON ROSE.

well again to cite Mr. Fish, the more so as, before he had seen the
variety himself, he ‘appeared to consider it as an instance of
heightened colouring only. At page 1296 of the volume already
cited, however, Mr. Fish, having then had the opportunity of
examining specimens for himself, states that ‘‘it is wholly
different from any of those suffused with pink before adverted to
by me. It is so gooda pink as to be a wholly new and distinct
variety. We have no rose of the same shade that I am aware of.
It is more pink than Za France, or Bougére, or Adam, and not so
deep pink as Baron Gonella (Bourbon). Perhaps the nearest
approach to the colour of the pink Gloire de Dijon would be arrived
at by blending the Baron Gonella and La France. The kind is a
fine dark pink, as much so as Coupe d’Hebe; in leaf and strength of
growth it retains the true character of Gloire de Dijon. The colour
is not successfully rendered by the artist in the accompanying plate.
(Pl. XI.) Nothing need be added in recommendation. A delicate
pink Gloire de Dijon will at once take its place in the first rank
of the best Roses everywhere.” This estimate of the value of this
new variety, from the florist’s point of view, was endorsed at the
time in a letter to the writer of this note by the Rev. S. R. Hole.

The history of this Rose during the present season, as told by
Mr. Fish (Gard. Chron. 1873, 1180), presents some further
points of interest from a physiological point of view. Mr.
Fish, it appears, inserted a bud from Mr. Kemp’s plant into a
briar stock late in September, 1872. The briar was growing on
clay soil in a damp place. The bud ‘‘took,” remained dormant
during the winter, and broke into a strong shoot in the spring. This
shoot ultimately divided into three sub-divisions, one of which pro-
duced a truss of flower-buds, all of which were removed but two,
which were allowed to flower, and produced pink roses of about
the shade of Baron Gonella. Mr. Fish, in recording these facts, con-
siders that the conditions under which these flowers were produced
were such as might have been expected to wash out the pink
colour, had it had but a slight hold on the variety, by the mere
flush of sap, but nothing of the kind has happened.”

We may now allude to a second specimen of pink Glowe de Dyon
which was sent to us in September of the present year by Mr. A.
Ingram, of Hardwicke Grange, Shrewsbury (see Gard. Chron. 1878,
1210, 1243). The history of Mr. Ingram’s Rose differs somewhat
from that of Mr. Kemp’s. While the latter was grown on its own
roots, Mr. Ingram’s was budded on the Manetti stock. It grew in
a border among other roses, and produced in 1872 a large number

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 155

of flowers not differing from those of ordinary Gloire de Dijon. In
the spring of the present year (1873) it was moved and planted
against a north wall, in similar but somewhat heavier soil than it
was growing in before. It was long in starting into growth, but
ultimately made several vigorous shoots, on one of which, and that
the weakest, the pink flower truss was produced.

It is, of course, not absolutely certain that Mr. Kemp’s variety
and Mr. Ingram’sare the same. No opportunity of comparing the
two side by side has yet been afforded, and therefore in discussing
the possible causes of the change it is more prudent to consider the
two cases separately, in spite of the strong impression on the mind
of the writer that the two varieties are so nearly the same as to
entitle them to be called by the same name.

Reverting then to Mr. Kemp’s rose, we may ask to what
circumstances are we to attribute the change? It cannot in this
instance have arisen from budding or grafting, because we are
assured no such operation was effected. It may have arisen from
reversion or ‘‘ sporting’? to an ancestral form. Some of the pro-
genitors of this Rose may have had deep-coloured flowers. Suc-
cessive generations have participated to a slight extent in the
colouring derived from their progenitors, but suddenly this one has
gained a full measure of the liquid pigment on which the colour
depends. Darwin’s theory of pangenesis affords a partial explana-
tion of how this may occur. An hereditary taint, so to speak—a
gemmule—according to this hypothesis is transmitted from organ-
ism to organism. In one generation it may be dormant and in-
active, in another it may be endowed with full vitality, become in-
tensified, and reproduce itself with rapidity under the influence of
favourable circumstances. But what those circumstances are,
and how they act, the hypothesis in question does not tell
us. That this particular rose, like thousands of similar
cases, may have been produced in this manner is of course
possible. No one can deny that it may have been so. The
suddenness of its appearance is consistent with what is usually
observed in similar instances, and so far is favourable to the notion.
On the other hand, a sport or reversion is usually local, and presents
itself on one particular branch, or on a few only. Many of our
garden varieties of Rose have originated in this way.* If we say, as

* A similar instance of a pink-coloured sport in Céline Forestier was
shown before the Society in July, 1873. The canary-yellow coloured Rose
called Isabella Sprunt is said to have been a sport from the apricot-coloured
Saffrano. See Carriére, ‘‘ Production et fixation des Varietés dans les végé-

156 DR. MASTERS ON A PINK GLOIRE DE DIJON ROSE.

we are quite justified in doing, that this is a mere case of the agency
of some local circumstances enhancing and heightening the colour,
we still do not get away from the reversion theory, and we do not
gain any explanation of the fact that the adjoining plant was un-
affected.

So far as we saw there was no change in the kind, but only in
the degree of colour. The colouring matter of the Rose is a liquid
contained in certain cells of the petals. Now, in this case, a few
more of the cells than is customary were filled with colouring
matter. Perhaps, for we did not examine the flower, as to this point,
the cells with the coloured juices overlaid one another, and thus
produced a deeper tint, as we know happens in analogous cases.
But supposing that this, or indeed any of the suggested explanations,
be true, what caused the sudden change, and why was the sister plant
only a few inches off, grown under apparently precisely similar
circumstances, unaffected ? If we attempt to account for it by some
individual peculiarity of constitution, by some idiosyncrasy, as a
medical man would say, we only confess, but do not coneeal, our
ignorance by the use of a technical phrase. Better perhaps to say
at once we don’t know. |

With reference to Mr. Ingram’s case the conditions are different.
The plant was grafted on the Manetti, a pink-flowered variety.

Now, there are cases wherein grafting or budding seems to alter
the character of the scion. Fora long time gardeners, as a rule,
refused to believe in any such reciprocal action of stock and scion,
but the evidence is becoming too overpowering to allow the matter
to remain doubtful. It is not necessary, however, to enter into
this subject here, as the probability that Mr. Ingram’s Rose owed
its peculiarity to grafting or budding is extremely slight.* The
only explanation then that can be offered in this case is, that it is
a bud-variation or “‘ sport.” As such, as before explained, it may
be due to a reversion to the character possessed by some of its pro-
genitors. In order to ascertain this point it is necessary to know
the parentage and genealogy of Gloire de Dion Rose, but this we
have at present failed to obtain.

sisi W. Paul, whose interest in the scientific aspects of Rose-

taux,’’ p. 35, wherein a list of such roses is given. See also Darwin, “ Varia-
tion of Animals and Plants,” p. 379 (1868), where numerous references to the
literature of the subject are given, and an article on ‘‘Bud Variation,” in
‘‘Popular Science Review ” (1872).

* For a brief resumé of the more important facts relating to “ Graft-
hybridisation, ’? the reader is referred sche an article in the ‘‘ Popular Science
Review,’ 1871, p. 141

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 157

growing is as keen as his skill in their practical culture is great,
tells me that although he was the first of English nurserymen to
receive and exhibit this Rose, yet he does not know its history.
Perhaps the publication of this note may elicit the facts of the case.
It must be remembered, however, that Rose-growers and florists
in general, seldom either conduct or record their experiments with
that scrupulous regard to accuracy and jealous exclusion of possible
sources of fallacy, which the scientific experimenter demands, and
hence it may be that the pedigree of a florist’s flower, though
given in all good faith, may yet scarcely be a trustworthy docu-
ment in the eyes of a physiologist.

Lastly, it remains to be said that an opinion has been expressed
by some, Mr. W. Paul among others, that this pink variety of
Gloire de Dijon Rose is the same variety as that known as Belle
de Bordeaux or Gloire de Bordeaux. But if this be so, then
the question arises, what was the origin of Belle de Bordeaux ?
Is it not likely that it too was a seedling variety, or a sport
(bud-variety) from Glotre de Dijon ? *

In these matters the practical florists have an advantage over their
scientific brethren. The Rosarians have, in some way or ancther,
become possessed of a beautiful addition to their already rich store,
and are content with the fact asit stands. The physiologists are left
to pore over the why and wherefore. It is most desirable that each
should help the other, the florist by carefully noting the
phenomena as they present themselves to him, the physiologist
by co-relating the facts supplied by the florist, supplying
their interpretation, and deducing from them rules or laws
which will guide the florist in his culture. It requires no
great stretch of faith to foresee the time when the physiologist
will be able to supply the florist with a clue whereby he may,
within limits, be able to produce at will a pink Glove de Dyon
Rose, or whatever else the needs or caprice of the time may
dictate.

To do this requires on the part of the Rosarian strict accuracy
of experiment and faithfulness of record: Too often it is to be
feared the pedigrees given are at best mere guess-work.

* Since this was written we have ascertained that Aelle de Bordeaux on
a seedling variety from Gloire de Dijon, raised by M. Lartay.

M

158 POLLEN-EATING FLIES.

XXVII. Pollen-Eating Flies. By A. W. Benyert, M.A, B.S8c.,
F.L.S.
[Read Dec. 3, 1873. ]

Tur reading of the paper entitled, ‘‘ Do Flies eat Pollen?” before
the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society on Dec.
7, 1872,* called forth the suggestion from the Rev. M. J. Berkeley
that it would be desirable to ascertain whether the pollen-grains
are actually digested by the insect, or whether they pass through
its intestinal organs unchanged. It was then too late to prosecute
the enquiry during that season; but in the course of the present
autumn I have made some further experiments. My hunting-
ground was, as before, the ‘‘ Composite ’’ bed in the herbaceous
department of the Royal Botanic Society’s gardens, and the species
examined chiefly the same as before, Hristalis tenaxz and Syrphus |
elypeata, both belonging to the family of Syrphide. As before, I
found in almost every case the stomach perfectly loaded with »
pollen-grains, all presenting the form characteristic of plants
belonging to the order Composite, though varying considerably in
size, indicating probably that they belonged to several different
species of Aster. The bodies of the common house-fly and of other
Diptera belonging to the family Muscide, which were also captured
browsing on the Asters, were in most cases entirely destitute of
pollen, in other cases a few solitary grains were found, probably
accidentally sucked up with their liquid food through the proboscis.

A more careful examination under the microscope of the contents
of the stomachs of the Syrphidz showed the pollen-grains in every
possible state of disintegration and digestion. It is clear that after
remaining for a short time in the stomach, the coating of the pollen-
grain (extine and intine) gives way, and the liquid contents of the
grain are digested by the assimilating organs of the insect. Large ©
accumulations of the coats or skins of the pollen-grains were found
evidently on the point of being expelled from the intestines as
indigestible exuviee, having then assumed a very deep orange
colour. There can be no doubt, therefore, that to a large class of
Diptera, pollen forms a not inconsiderable or unimportant article of
food.

* See Journal of the R.H.S., n.s., vol. iv., p. 30.

REPORT OF THE CHISWICK BOARD OF DIRECTION. 159

XXVIII.—Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction.
[February, 1874. ]

Tue Board of Directors have to report that the garden labour at
Chiswick, which for the last year or two has been very much
directed towards the various works of re-arrangement, consequent
on the recent curtailment of the area of the Garden, has, by reason
of the completion of those works, been available for other purposes,
so that during the season of 1873 it was found practicable to take
up a fair share of the experimental trials of Vegetables and Flowers,
for which, in conjunction with the supply of decorative plants for
Kensington, the Garden is now more especially designed. These
trials were not indeed wholly suspended during the period when
the alterations were in progress, but they have now again assumed
in some degree the more extended form and comprehensive
character which the importance of the subject demands.

In the Fruir and Vrerraste Drpartuent the distributions to
Fellows and Correspondents of the Society comprise 60,000 packets
- of Vegetable Seeds, and 1543 packages of Cuttings of Vines and
Scions of Fruit Trees. Amongst the latter was an important col-
lection presented to the Horticultural Society of Victoria, of which
the officials of that Society report that, ‘‘ owing to the lengthened
voyage of the ship by which they were forwarded, a large number
perished.”’

A considerable collection of Cherry Trees of pyramidal form,
were, some few years since, got together, but they proved to be
extremely unsatisfactory, owing partly to the difficulty of
efficiently protecting them; they have therefore been dispensed
with, and have been replaced by young trees planted against the
boundary walls, and which are to be trained as single cordons.

An extensive collection of pyramidal Plum Trees, which had
become too much crowded, have been transplanted and re-arranged
at wider intervals so as to admit of their fuller development.

The trees planted out-in the Orchard House had grown so freely
that they had already become too much crowded; and as thinning
out in some form was necessary, the opportunity has been taken
to lift and pot the pyramidal trees, chiefly Peaches and Nectarines,
and to re-arrange the standards, which are still planted out. In
this way the overcrowding of the trees may be more readily pre-
vented by the temporary removal of the potted trees.

Many new varieties of the Grape Vine have been introduced to
our Gardens within the last few years, and it has been thorght

M2

160 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

desirable to devote a house to the growth of these, with a view to
a closer observation of their peculiarities and merits. The small
curvilinear Vinery in which the different sorts of White Muscats
had been brought together some years since for a like object (which
has been accomplished), has been set apart for this purpose.

The experimental trials and comparisons of the varieties of
different Vegetables have, during the past season, been taken up
chiefly by such important subjects as Potatoes, Peas and Kidney
Beans. Of the Potatoes the trial has been very complete and
satisfactory, some 271 reputed varieties having been planted, though
this number has been greatly reduced by ascertaining that many of
the names are synonyms of others. Some of the more recent
American varieties have proved to be highly meritorious, as have
some of the English seedlings raised by Mr. Robert Fenn, of
Woodstock , and nine First-Class Certificates have been awarded
by the Fruit and Vegetable Committee. The trial of Peas has
been a continuation of that of the previous year, and in this case
five Certificates have been awarded, all to novelties raised by T.
Laxton, Esq., of Stamford. The trial of Kidney Beans, though
only a partial one, has resulted in the award of five First-Class
Certificates. These trials will all be duly reported on in the
Journal.

It is proposed to recommend to the Committee to continue
during the present year the critical examination of Potatoes and
Kidney Beans, and to add thereto the varieties of Celery, which °
- now seem to be in need of another revision, with the view of
ascertaining which are the most profitable and meritorious.

In the Frorat Department similar activity has been displayed.
The distributions comprise 60,000 packets of Flower Seeds, 3825
Plants allotted by ballot, and 873 packages of Cuttings of plants:
while for the Society’s own use, at Kensington, 12,876 Plants
have been grown and furnished for the decoration of the Conser-
vatory ; 63,016 Plants have been expended on the summer
bedding, and 31,838 on the spring bedding of the past year. In
addition to these, 37,917 Plants have been supplied during the
months of November and December to furnish the display during
the ensuing spring. |
The comparative trials of Flowers have been chiefly amongst
Zonal Pelargoniums (which are so numerous and important as to
require annual revision), Fuchsias, Pentstemons, and Phloxes. Of
the Pelargoniums no fewer than 522 varieties were planted out for
observation, and amongst these, in their various sections, the

REPORT OF THE CHISWICK BOARD OF DIRECTION. 161

Floral Committee distributed twenty-nine Certificates. The
salmon-coloured and white-flowered varieties of Pelargoniums not
being found suitable for open-air culture, but being highly deco-
rative as cool greenhouse plants, the Committee in 1872 desired
that a trial of these as pot-plants should be made, and 54 varieties
were thus grown, with the result that one was specially certificated,
and a selection of the most useful of the remainder approved and
recommended for indoor decorative purposes. In the case of
Fuchsias 182 varieties were grown, and seventeen of these were
certificated as desirable decorative sorts ; while of Pentstemons and
Phloxes large collections were planted out, and four of the former
and seven of the latter were selected for Certificates. The report
on these collections will be found in the number of the Journal
just issued.

The collection of Hardy Herbaceous Perennials has been enriched
during the season by the presentation of 300 species and varieties
from the Royal Gardens, Kew ; and of numerous species of Aster
from the Floral Director. Of these latter plants it was hoped that
alarge collection might be got together, with a view to their
examination by the Professor of Botany ; and contributions for this
purpose will still be gladly received by the Gardener-in-chief.

A very handsome new Fern, which sprang up in one of the
propagating houses a year or two since, and which is now a well-
developed specimen, has been described and figured during the
past year in the Jowrnal, under the name of Pteris serrulato- |
tremula. It is very remarkable that this plant, supposed from its
compound appearance to be a hybrid between P. tremula and P.
_ serrulata, though forming spores in abundance, cannot, so far as
yet experienced, be increased by this means, the typical P.
tremula only being produced from them. It is probably, there-
fore, after all, only a spore-sport of this well-known plant.

Of other matters which have come before them, the Directors
think it only right to mention that the Gardener-in-chief has
reported most favourably to them of the action of a new Wrought-
Iron Boiler erected by Messrs. T. Green & Son, which has done
its work most efficiently and economically ; and they are informed
that a similar boiler is now most satisfactorily heating the Con-
servatory at Kensington.

Professor Thiselton Dyer’s Lectures to the young gardeners at
Chiswick, on Elementary matters ef Science bearing upon Horti-
culture, and which were briefly referred to in the Report of
1873, were listened to with attention and advantage by the young

162 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

men to whom they were addressed. It is much to be desired
that instruction in the higher branches of Horticulture should
also be given.

A list of Presentations of Seeds and Plants is appended ; and the
Divectors, on their part, desire to record their thanks to the several
Donors, inasmuch as, through the agency of these donations, the
interest of the collections in the Garden has been materially
increased.

: M. J. BERKELEY. .
R. HOGG.
T. MOORE.

XXIX. Report on Plants Giown for Trial at Chiswick, 1874.
By Tuomas Moorz, Floral Director R.H.S.
THE principal subjects set apart for trial during the season which
has just passed away, were—Bedding Pelargoniums, the rose-pink
section of Pelargoniums (as pot-plants), Bedding Pansies. Hybrid
Begonias, and Pentstemons. Of these, the two first-named groups
were examined by the Floral Committee on August 29, the plants,
owing, to the late season, not being in condition earlier; and the
Pansies were examined on July 15, being then fairly in bloom.
The collection of Begonias was not sufficiently filled up, and the
Pentstemons passed out of flower too rapidly during the intense
hot weather of the latter part of the summer to permit of their
being satisfactorily adjudicated upon. Now that a constant -
supply of water has been laid on, it may be expected that heat and
drought will be more effectually combated than formerly.
Brppine Pansies.

Of these (including Violas of the cornuta race) 189 varieties
were contributed by Messrs. Dicksons and Co., of Edinburgh; Mr.
R. Dean, of Ealing; Messrs. Milligan and Kerr, of Dumfries; Mr.
Westland, of Witley Court Gardens; Mr. Cocker, of Aberdeen ;
Mr. W. Kerr, and Mr. Stuart. The plants, which had been for
some time in good condition, were inspected on July 15, when eleven
varieties were selected for Certificates, and the following conclusions
were arrived at respecting the others :—

Blue Bell *** (R. Dean). This proved to be an early-flower-
ing sort, and remarkably free. The flowers are individually

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 163

small and of a lilac-blue colour, but the great profusion in
which they are produced renders the plant very attractive.
The three marks awarded to it (indicated by the asterisks
which follow the name, as in the other cases recorded below),
are equivalent to a first-class certificate.

Chieftain ** (Dicksons & Co.) The plant was of dwarf habit,
and a free-grower and bloomer; the colour of the flowers lilac-
purple, with a rich dark eye.

Dicksons’ Golden Gem *** (Dicksons & Co.) A very bright
yellow, with radiating eye.

Dicksons’ King *** (Dicksons & Co.) A bold and free-blooming
sort, well-marked and effective; the colour is a lilac-purple or
bluish-purple, with rich dark eye.

Dicksons Queen *** (Dicksons and Co.) Of dwarf habit, and
very free-Llooming ; white, with dark eye.

Imperial Blue Perfection *** (R. Dean). An effective and free-
blooming variety, in which the flowers are of a deep lilac-tinted
blue.

Lillywhite Tom Thumb *** (R. Dean). A neat-habited sort, and
one of the earliest and most constant bloomers; the flowers are
white, with an eye of radiating lines.

Miss Maitland *** (Milligan & Kerr). A neat-habited plant,
with the flowers white, and furnished with dark radiating
lines spreading from the eye.

Mulberry *** (it. Dean). A neat-growing variety, and one of the
earliest and freest to bloom ; in the way of Cliveden Purple; the
colour is a dark mulberry purple, very rich and effective.

The Tory *** (Dicksons & Co.) Of compact habit and a free
bloomer ; the flowers dark purple, with a rich dark eye.

Tyriun Prince *** (R. Dean). A very free-blooming purple self,
likely to be useful for bedding purposes.

The Committee was of opinion that in a general way the value of

a Bedding Pansy was in proportion to its earliness, since they are

plants not much required during summer. The present collection,

owing to the adverse season, was not inspected till the middle of July,
which was considered to be too late to arrive at the true merits of
the sorts, and it was noted that they should be examined about the
first week in May. To this end the several approved varieties
will be again grown, with a view to their being examined next
spring. Some of the sorts, especially Blue Perfection, revived
with the rain which followed on the visit of the Committee, and

164 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

were well covered with another crop of flowers. The following
sorts were selected as being worth another trial :—

Alpha (Dicksons). Purple, with dark eye.

A. F. Barron (Cocker). Pale blue.

Blue Perfection (R. Dean). Not an early sort, but one which mixes
well with Pelargoniums.

Blue King (R. Dean). Good habit ; lilac-blue, with black eye.

Blue Gem Tom Thumb (R. Dean). <A neat round flower, of a pale
blue colour.

Blue Bedder (R. Dean). Free and good, deep blue-lilac, nearly the
colour of Imperial Blue.

Blue King (Dicksons). Neat habit; blue-lilac, with dark eye.

Bismarck (Cocker). Dark purple.

Bedfont Yellow (R. Dean). A strong-growing sort, with the flowers
bright yellow.

Concord (Cocker). Purple, with dark eye.

Chiswick White (R.H.8S.) A large pure white of good habit, the
flowers free and sweet.

Delicata (R. Dean). White, with stained upper petals and dark eye.

Dicksons’ White Bedder (Dicksons). Yellowish-white, veiny.

Dickons’ Snowflake (Dicksons), A narrow-leaved sort, with small
white flowers and a radiating eye.

Duchess of Edinburgh (Cocker), White, yellow, and buff.

Eyebright (Dicksons). Out of condition.

Ella Sheppard (Kerr). White and purple.

Fireman (Cocker). White, yellow, and buff.

Imperial Blue (R. Dean). Deep blue-lilac, with black eye.

In Memoriam (Dicksons). Dark rich purple.

Lothair (R. Dean). Rich violet-purple self.

Lutea Grandifiora (Westland). Yellow; good.

Major (Cocker). Pale blue-purple.

Magnificent (R. Dean). Dark purple; a darker shade than blue
Pertection.

Magpie (R. Dean). Dark mulbery-purple, with white tips.

Miss Annie (Cocker). White, with rich dark eye; neat.

Monarch (Dicksons). Dark purple, with dark eye.

Nickie (Cocker). Lilac-blue, with dark eye.

Pride of Rufford (R. Dean). Pale yellow, with dark eye; considered
to be too late a bloomer.

Primrose Queen (R. Dean). Pale sulphur yellow.

Profession (R. Dean). Yellow and purple.

Profusa (Cocker). Blue-lilac.

Princess Teck (R. Dean). Light lilae or lavender, with white centre ;
free and early.

Purple King (Dicksons). Dark purple.

Queen of Lilacs (Dicksons). Rosy-lilac, compact and erect in habit ;
pretty in summer. : Ney

Regina (Dicksons). Not in condition,

Sovereign (Dicksons). Early and of good habit; bright deep yellow,
with radiate eye. : :

Snowflake (R. Dean). White, with radiate eye; similar to Lilywhite
Tom Thumb, but rather larger.

Stricta alba (Dicksons). White; not an early bloomer.

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 165

Sunshine (R. Dean). Yellow and purple.

The Shah (Cocker). Mulberry-purple.

The Primrose (Dicksons). Very pale primrose-yellow.

Vanguard (Dicksons). Dark mulberry, almost black.

Westland’s Yellow (Westland). Very much resembles Lutea Grandi-
flora.

White Perfection (Dicksons). White, with radiate eye.

Yellow Boy Tom Thumb (R. Dean). Small pale yellow.

Beppinc PELARGONIUMS.

A very large number of the older and inferior varieties were
weeded out of the collection last year, so that the quality of those
grown on this occasion was higher than usual. Several sorts had
the certificates granted on a former occasion confirmed, which was
equivalent to a verdict that their good qualities were retained and
were again conspicuous. Three marks indicate a first-class certi-
ficate, as usual, in these reports.

Pelargoniums were sent for trial by—Mr. Bland, St. Mar-
garet’s, Twickenham; H. W. Borrell, Esq., Ockenden House,
Cuckfield, Sussex; Mr. 8. Davis, The Cemetery, Maidstone; Dr.
Denny, Stoke Newington; Mr. F. Dodds, Herringswell House,
Mildenhall, Suffolk ; Messrs. Downie Laird and Laing, Stanstead
Park, Forest Hill; Mr. F. W. Durrent, Knowle Hill, Cobham,
Surrey; Mr. George, Putney Heath; Mr. J. Grove, 2, Elizabeth
Cottages, Chiswick; Mr. J. Hodgson, 14, Thames Street, Wool-
wich; Mr. F. Kilpin, East Acton; Mr. James King, Allanbury
Park, Binfield ; Mr. F. R. Kinghorn, Sheen Road, Richmond, 8.W.;
Mr. N. Kneller, Malshanger Park, Basingstoke; Mr. Mews, Chis-
wick House; the Rev. F. Miles, Bingham Rectory, Notts; Mr. C.
Orchard, Coombe House, Croydon; Mr. Wm. Paul, Waltham Cross,
N.; Mr. J. R. Pearson, Chilwell, Nottingham; Mr. -Porter, Sion
Lodge, Isleworth; Mr. H. Stapleton, Spring Grove House, Isle-
worth; Mr. E. P. Tipping, 9, Sheen Dale Villas, Richmond.

Golden Vartegated Zonals.

' had the certificate confirmed.

Silver- Margined.

Little Trot *** (sent by 8. Davis.) A very dwarf and excellent
variety, adapted specially for edging, being a small grower and
of compact habit. The leaves have a green centre and broad
edge of pure white. Flowers deep scarlet.

Albion's Cliffs

Brilliant Superb |i the certificate confirmed.

Laura

Macbeth
Oriental

166 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Gold-Leaved. ’
i had the repiitinite confirmed.

Bronze Zonal.

i had the certificate confirmed.

Creed’s Seedling
Crystal Palace Gem

Black Douglas

Marechal McMahon

Rose Pink.
Amaranth
Florence Durand {had the certificate confirmed, Cleopatra being
Mrs. Haliburton also sent in under the name of Miss Davies.
Cleopatra

Sir Richard Wallace, which had zoned leaves and was of medium
growth, had large bright rose-pink flowers with a white base to
the upper petals. This was the brightest of the rose colours.

Scarlet, Rosy-Scarlet, Se.

Ama Pfitzer *** (E. G. Henderson & Son). An orange-scarlet
nosegay of vigorous spreading habit; the leaves bold, undu-
lated, and faintly green-zoned. The flowers come in long-
stalked, large trusses, and are of the nosegay class, but well-
formed, and of a bright orange-scarlet. It is a very fine and
attractive variety, the trusses having rather a spreading ten-
dency.

Bonfire *** (Ki. G. Henderson & Son). A very striking variety
of moderately compact habit, with dark-zoned leaves, and very
fine flowers on moderately large trusses. The flowers are of the
semi-nosegay class, of fine shape, and of a bright rich’ scarlet,
which is most efiective in the flower garden.

Claude de lu Meurthe *** (EK. G. Henderson & Son). A variety
of striking colour and of moderately vigorous habit, the leaves
wavy and deeply lobed, rather pale green, and faintly zoned.
The flowers come in moderate trusses, the colour being a rich
carmine-rose with a distinct flush of deep rose, or a bright
amaranth rose—one very difficult to designate. The award was
made chiefly on account of the effective colour.

Col. Holden *** (Pearson). A fine variety of vigorous but
spreading habit, furnished with wavy slightly-zoned leaves. The
flowers are in large compact trusses, of a deep carmine-crimson,
and very showy and effective.

Prince Arthur *** (Fraser). This belongs to the marbled-
leaved, or what is sometimes called the coral-stemmed section
represented by Sheen Rival. It is of moderately vigorous

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 167

growth, rather spreading in habit, with very dark-zoned wavy
leaves, which are marbled or mottled in the green parts. The
flowers are of a light opaque scarlet in good bold trusses.

Rev. F. F. Fenn *** (Pearson). A most attractive sort of the well-
known semi-nosegay Chilwell strain. It is of medium vigour
aud rather erect growth, in which respect it is superior to many
others of this race; the plant, moreover, is compact aud well
filled out; the leaves are of moderate size, and scarcely zoned.
The semi-nosegay flowers are in numerous compact, moderately
large trusses standing well up from the leaves; the colour is a
erimson-scarlet, very bright and rich.

Richard Dean *** (EK. G. Henderson & Son). A free-blooming
and very showy variety, of vigorous growth; the leaves dark-
zoned with rounded lobes; and the flowers large, in mode-
rate-sized trusses, of a clear bright light scarlet, which is very
telling in the mass.

Sparkler *** (E.G. Henderson & Son). A beautiful variety of
moderately-vigorous and rather spreading habit, with dark-zoned
leaves. The flowers are in dense, compact, moderate-sized
trusses, and are of a clear carmine red with a rosy tint—a very dis-
tinct and pleasing shade of colour. The flower-stalks are scarcely
able to sustain the weight of the densely-formed trusses.

Warroor. 7} f Indian Yellow.
Corsair. | | Orange Bouquet.
Grand Duke. Certificates Lucius.

H. M. Stanley. contirmed. Amy Hogg.
Milton. | Lady Kirkland.
Soleal. J

PELARGONIUMS IN Ports.

Last season the whites and salmons were grown in pots in order
to test their qualities as greewhouse and conservatory plauts. This
season the rose-pinks were similarly treated, and Mr. Barron took
the opportunity to submit again for examivation all the sorts ap-
proved last year in the salmon and white series. The results were
as follows :—

Ela *** (F, Miles). Avery fine variety, of moderately vigorous
growth, with rather large indistinctly-zoned leaves, and large
trusses of flowers of a very bright rose-pink, the upper petals
paler and veined at the base. It is a showy variety, making fine
bold trusses: of flowers.

168 ; ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Master Christine *** (Veitch). This variety, which is ‘‘ not to
be depended on as a bedder,” makes a very fine pot plant. It is
of dwarf dense habit, with small crenate green leaves, and bears
numerous heads of dense bright rose-pink flowers having the
base of the upper petals white. It has very much the habit of
Mrs. Haliburton, but produces its flowers in denser trusses.

Mrs. Haliburton *** (Kinghorn). A variety of dwarf dense
habit, clothed with small crenate downy green leaves; the flowers
are produced in very numerous trusses, and are small and of a
bright rose colour. This is a very effective variety.

Urs. Tate *** (Pearson). A variety of moderately vigorous
spreading habit, with the green leaves scarcely zonate; the
flowers are produced in good-sized close trusses, and are of a rich
deep rose-pink with white base to the upper petals. The award
was made as a pot plant.

Mrs. Turner *** (Pearson). This novelty is of vigorous and
rather spreading habit ; the leaves are soft and pale green ; the
flowers are borne in large trusses, and are nearly the colour of
those of Amaranth, a pale violet-tinted rose or a purplish-rose,
but much larger and finer in quality. It proved to be one of the
best of the series for indoor purposes.

Queen of Beauties *** (F. & A. Smith). A dwarf-habited variety,
with dark-zoned leaves and finely-shaped flowers in moderate-
sized trusses ; white, with a large bright salmon eye occupying
nearly half the surface of the petals. It is a very handsome and
attractive sort.

Vanessa (F. Miles). This variety is too good to be passed over
without remark, though by some inexplicable means it failed to
obtain an award. Itis a beautiful flower, and a decided improve-
ment on the charming Violet Hill Nosegay. The plant is of
moderately vigorous habit, with medium-sized leaves, having a
dark green zone ; while the flowers come in bold trusses, and are
of a salmon-pink colour shaded with orange-scarlet.

White Swan

Belle Esquemorse

Polly King had their certificates confirmed as pot
President Thiers plants.
Forest Hill Nosegay

TROPAZOLUMS.

T. compactum lutem *** (R. Dean). The plants of this variety
form close compact tufts of a foot across and six or eight inches

REPORT ON PLANTS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 169

high, covered throughout the season with a profusion of closely-
set, attractive-looking flowers, which are of a deep yellow with
maroon crimson spots.

T. compactum sulphureum was similar in character, but the straw-
yellow spotted flowers were not quite so freely produced. 7.
compactum scarlet was a trifle stronger in growth, but a free-
blooming compact orange-scarlet.

XXX. On the Winds at Chiswick and Barnsbury during 1873.
By R. Srracwan, F.M.S., Meteorological Office.
Tux distance apart of these two stations is trifling, but the winds,
as observed at them by two different observers, may be compared
with the view of showing the reliance that can be placed upon eye
observations of wind, and pointing out the value of the method of
reduction.

Let it be granted that a single observation daily affords a general
estimate of the course of the atmospheric current during each day,
then it must be allowed that the resultant of a month’s observations
must give a tolerably correct idea of the course of the air during
that period. So also the resultant of the monthly resultants will
approximate to the actual course of the wind during the year.

The resultant direction and force of the wind has been cal-
culated from the wind observations by summing the estimated forces
under each direction, according to the method for computing a
mechanical resultant on the principle of the composition of forces.

‘This assumes an equality between the units of the arbitrary scale
for force, namely 0 to 12, which is not theoretically correct, though
probably the resultants are as reliable as each single estimate of the
force of wind by personal impression. The results are as follows :—

Periods. Chiswick. Barnsbury.
Direction. Force. Direction. Force.
Janaaty ... S 15° W 1°6 S 612 W. acy
February ... N 1°5 N 20 E 1
March ot NE 0°6 N 51 E 0°5
April NilE 1°9 N22E 11
May... N 35 W 0°9 N 71 W 0°9
June S73 W 0°6 W 0°6
July S 33 W 2°2 $69 W 2°0
August SW 3°0 S 72 W 1g
September S 60 W 1°4 W 11
October ne S 40 W £1. S 82 W 1‘1
November .. S 68 W O'1 N 51 W 0°6
December . S 53 W 12 S 76 W 1°4
Year S 64 W 0°65 “WwW 0°86

170 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The agreement between these results, considering the tentative
character of such observations, may be deemed satisfactory. Pro-
bably the means between the two sets would represent a nearer
approach to accuracy.

As it is usual to take the mean of the barometzical observations
as an expression for the mean statical pressure of the atmosphere
during the month or year, so also the resultant of the winds should
be taken to represent the mean dynamical force of the atmospheric
movement for the same place and period. If this were done
generally valuable information as to the relation of these statical
and dynamical forces might be derived from comparisons of result
at different stations. True, the observations of wind ase not so
precise as those of the barometer; nevertheless. a compensation of
errors might be depended upon from a large number of stations;
and, in a general way, we should be able to affirm with considerable
accuracy the movements of the atmosphere during the months and
seasons, and be able to trace the temperature and vapour which
entered and left the country during these periods.

These results for 1873 show ata glance that at London our air
came for the most part from the NE during February, March. and
April; in May from the NW; in June the winds were evidently
very variable; during July and August there was great excess of
SW winds; in September and October we had most air from WSW;
in November the winds were again very variable, and January and
December show that most air came from the SW.

It would be instructive and interesting to study the mean
heights of the barometer in relation to these wind resultants, and
this can be done by reference to the meteorological tables published
in the journal of the Royal Horticultural Society.

XXXI. Report on Broad Beans Grown in the Garden at Chiswick,
1874. By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to
the Fruit Committee.

Tue collection, composed of about fifty packets (a great portion
being duplicates), was sown on March 6th in very deeply-trenched
fresh soil, in lines three feet apart. Notwithstanding the dry
season, the Beans continued to grow well, and kept free from
blights. The trial was in all respects a satisfactory one. The
Committee awarded two First-class Certificates, and reduced the
number of varieties to twenty. A further trial is necessary to

MR. BABRRON’S REPORT ON BROAD BEANS. 174

test their hardiness during winter. For this purpose the seed
should be sown in the month of November.
The following is a list of the Donors :—

Messrs. James Carter & Co., Holborn.
Mr. J. Douglas, Loxford Hall.
Messrs. J. Hardy, Bures, Essex.
$5 Minier, Nash & Nash.
~ Nutting and Sons.
5 Veitch & Sons.
MM. Vilmorin, Paris.
Messrs. Waite, Burnell & Co.

1. Long-pod. Early Long-pod.
Plant of a very free habit of growth; branching at the ground,
with from 8 to 5 stems, about 2 feet 6 incheshigh. Pods 7 inches
long, with 8 to 5 medium-sized beans. Ripe seed, dull fawn

colour. Prolific. A general good cropper, and of good quality.
Karly.

2. Hangdown Long-pod. Matchless Long-pod. Monarch Long-pod.
Féve de Maras grosse Ordinaire.

A somewhat larger and more prolific variety of the Long-pod,
having the fully-grown pods much inclined downwards. Ripe
seed dull fawn.

3. Carter’s Mammoth Long-pod.

A very superior variety of the Long-pod, with very large long-
pods. first-class Certificate.

4. Green Long-pod.

Differing from the ordinary Long-pod by the colour of the Beans,
which are, when fit for use, bright green. Pods from 4 to 5
inches long, mostly erect, containing from 3 to4 beans. Ripe seed,
dull green.

5. Feve Julienne.

Plant robust, 2 feet 6 inches high. Pods about 4 inches long,

narrow, containing about 3 small beans. Ripe seed, small, dull-

grey. Worthless.
6. Féve Julienne Verte.

_ A green-seeded variety of the preceding. Comes into use two
days later than Long-pod.

172 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

7.,Mazagan. Early Mazagan. Hate de Mazagan.

Plant vigorous, with 8 to 5 stems, 3 feet 9 inches high. Pods
produced abundantly, erect or upright, 4 inches long, with 3 to 4
small beans. Comes into use five days later than Long-pod, and is
the latest of all.

8. Hardy’s Pedigree Windsor.

Plant of robust growth, 2 feet 6 inches high. Pods priuen
abundantly, generally curved downwards like the Long-pods, from
5 to 6 inches long, with 8 large broad beans. This seems to be an
intermediate variety between the Long-pods and Broad Windsor
Beans, and will probably be found to be the Old hae Bean. An
excellent sort.

9. Windsor. Broad Windsor. Improved Broad Windsor. West- -

bury Prize. Taylor's Windsor.

Plant of full and robust growth, branched. Pods produced
abundantly, much curved downwards, 4 to 6 inches long, about
11 inch broad at the lower end, with 2 to 3 very large broad beans.
Ripe seed large, dull fawn colour. This is a much esteemed sort,
and of most excellent quality.

10. Thick Windsor.

This is distinct from the preceding, in having thicker seed in a
ripe state.

11. Harlington Windsor. Loxford Windsor. Broad Windsor.
( Veitch),

This is a well selected and somewhat improved form of the Broad
Windsor, producing rather larger pods.

12. Green Windsor.
This is distinguished from the Broad Windsor by having the
seeds green. It is on this account greatly preferred by some. Ripe
seed large dull green.

- 18. Seville Longpod. Féve de Seville (Vilmorin).

Plant moderately robust, 2 feet high ; does not branch so much as
other sorts. Pods very long, 7 to 8 inches, rather sparingly produced,

with about 6 beans of about the same size as the Longpods; they .

hang down so much as almost to rest on the ground. Ripe seed, large,

dull fawn colour. This is the earliest and longest podded of all the
broad beans. Is fit to gather 3 days before the Long-pods, and 8

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON BROAD BEANS. 173

days before the Mazagan. It is of good quality. First-class
Certificate.
14. Feve Violette grosse.

Plant of robust growth. Pods 6 inches long, with 3 to 4 fair
sized beans. Is fit for use three days later than the Long-pod, the
young beans being of a pale red colour. Excellent quality. Ripe
seed rather long, of a dull violet colour.

14. White Blossom.

Plant robust, 2 feet 9 inches high. Blossom white. Pods 4
inches long, with 3 fair-sized beans. Ripe seed small black. The
is five days later than the Long-pod. A moderate bearer.

16. Red Blossom.

Plant robust, with 3 to 5 stems, 2 feet 6 inches high. Blossom
deep dark red, with black lip; extremely ornamental. Pods 4 _
inches long, with 3 fair sized beans. Ripe seed is spotted dingy
brown. Fit to gather same time as Long-pod. Itis much subject
to sport, the colour of the flowers varying from deep red to pale
dingy brown and nearly black. A moderate bearer.

17. Féve tres naine Rouge.

Plant robust, branching much, about 12 inches high. Blossom
of the ordinary character. Pods 4 inches long with 3 small beans.
When fit for use tinged red. Comes into use the same time as the
Long-pod. The ripe seed small, dingy red. An inferior sort.
Moderate cropper.

18. White Fan. Royal Dwarf Fan.

Plant robust, much branched, 18 inches high. A most profuse
bearer. Pods produced in erect clusters from the surface of the
ground, from 3 to 4 inches Jong, with about 4 fair-sized beans
Ripe seed, small, dingy fawn colour. Fit for use two days after
Long-pod. A very excellent variety and good quality.

19. Beck’s Dwarf Green Gem.

Plant robust, but particularly neat and compact ; much branched,
1 foot high. Pods small, produced in erect cluster, abundant,
about three inches long, with 3 small beans of a fine green
colour. Ripe seed small, green. Fit for use one day after Long-
pod. <A most desirable variety to cultivate, the crop secured from

these dwarf beans being quite equal to that from the tall forms.
N

174 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

20. Naine Hative.

A very inferior form of the preceding.

XXXII. Report on Potatoes grown in 1874 at Chiswick. By A. F.
Barron, Gardener-in-Chief and Secretary to the Fruit Com-
mittee.

Arrer the full and comprehensive trial of Potatoes made by the
Fruit and Vegetable Committee in 1873 and reported on at p. 74
of the present volume, it was not this season deemed necessary
to continue the cultivation of so complete a collection. The trial
has, therefore, been confined to sorts which were not cultivated ~
last season, or which were but imperfectly represented. Several of
the leading types have been grown for comparison,

The collection, about 15S in number, was planted on the 28rd of
March on well-trenched and manured ground. The sets were in
most cases put in whole, in lines, three feet apart, and about twenty
inches between each set. The plants came up well, and looked
promising ; but were cut down by frost repeatedly. This induced
a great number of stems to perish, and, combined with the ex-
ceeding dryness of the summer, tended to make the crop small,
although as a rule of excellent quality.

The disease did not make its appearance until the 6th of August,
and then the tubers were affected, whilst no trace of it could
be found on the haulm. Several varieties have suffered severely,
especially some of the American sorts, Lapstones and Red-skinned
Flour Ball. In 1878 the Regent class suffered most severely, and
the Red-skinned Flour Ball was almost free. This season the
result is exactly the reverse.

Many of the stools had a dressing of ida Patent Chemical
Manures. This certainly tended to increase the crop.

The Committee have examined the potatoes whilst growing
four times, and awarded five First-class Certificates. The number
of assumed distinct varieties examined amounts to 280, not in-
cluding some sixty unnamed seedlings. This formidable list has
been reduceed by the detection of synonyms to 150 varieties,
which have been described, and are probably distinct.

The following is the list of Donors who this year furnished
tubers for trial :—

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON POTATOLS. 175»

Messrs. B. K. Bliss & Sons, New York.

H. Burslem, Esq., Brewood, Stafford.

Messrs. James Carter & Co., High Holborn.
Mr. J. Cattell, Westerham, Kent.

Mr. G. Cooling, Bath.

Mr. F. Dancer, Little Sutton, Chiswick.

Mr. R. Dean, Ealing and Bedfont.

Mr. R. Farquhar, Fyvie Castle, Aberdeenshire.
G. F. A. Flower, Esq., Stafford, Dorchester.
Mr. C. France, Culzean, Maybole, Ayrshire.
Mr. H. J. Hardy, Bures, Essex.

Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden.

Mr. W. Horley, Toddington, Beds.

Dr. Masters, 41, Wellington Street.

Mr. T. McGann, Gortaclare, Burrin, Ireland.
Messrs, Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand.
Mr. J. Stone, Wickham Road, Deptford.

Mr. W. Taylor, Longleat, Warminster.

Mr. W. Tillery, Welbeck Abbey, Worksop, Notts.
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.

Mr. R. T. Veitch, Exeter, Devon.

J. White, Esq., Hampton Row, Bath.

In the following list the same arrangement is adopted as in the
report of last year. This may be referred to for the, descriptions
of the kinds which were tried then. It has not been thought
necessary to reprint these in the present report except where
they were found to need correction.

Series I. Skin Waite og STRAWw-COLOURED.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.

Ashleaf Kidney. (See p. 76).
Synonyms. — Marjolin; Oakleaf; Duckstone; Sandringham
Kidney (Minier & Co.); Early White Long Kidney (Veitch) ;
Cooling’s Improved Ashleaf (Cooling).

Mona’s Pride.
Haulm and general characters of plant same as in Ashleaf
Kidney. Tuber short, rather broad and flat. An excellent

variety.
N2

176 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Kentish Ashleaf Kidney. (See p. 76).

Synonyms.—Veitch’s Improved; Cave’s Seedling ; Cambridge-
shire Kidney ; Nutbrown; Alma Kidney; Early May; Benson’s
Seedling; Shepherd’s Kidney; Reynard; Nonsuch; Tory ; Con-
queror ; Mona’s Pride; Champion ; Early Ranelagh; Laing’s First
Crop; Stillyan’s Kidney. Gillman’s Early Pebble (Gillman) ;
Welbeck Seedling (Tillery) ; Champion (Harrison & Sons.)

This in 1873 was considered distant from Myatt’s Ashleaf, on
account of the latter being berry-bearing, whilst the Kentish was
not so. It has, however, this season produced flowers; so it is
doubtful whether any distinctions really exist, further than what
may be obtained by change of seed.

Myatt’s Ashleaf Kidney. (See p. 76).
Synonyms.—River’s Royal Ashleaf; Sandringham Kidney ;

Myatt’s Prolific; Gloucestershire Kidney; Derbyshire Prize
Taker ; Lee’s Hammersmith Kidney.

Bonnemain (Carter).
A very dwarf, slender, haulmed variety of Kentish Ashleaf.

Toddington Kidney (Horley).

A later, more robust, and very productive form of the Kentish
Ashleaf.
Advancer (Bell & Thorpe).

Haulm slender, compact, 12 to 15 inches long; stem pale
green; leaflets small, pointed, pale green. Flowers very rare.
Tuber short, flat, kidney-shaped; eyes full; skin smooth, pale
straw-coloured; flesh pale, firm. Moderate cropper. First early.
Commended.

Jackson's Improved.

Haulm spreading, 18 inches long; leaves rugose, deep green.
Growing later than the Kentish ashleaf.

Cattell’s Reliance (Cattell).

Haulm moderately robust, spreading, 2 ft. 6 inches in length ;
stem pale green; leaflets small, rugose, pale green. Flowers
purple, sterile. Tuber medium sized, of the general appearance of
the Lapstone ; eyes few and small; flesh white, very firm, of good
quality. Ripe September 2. Second early.

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON POTATOES. 177

Cattell’s Eclipse (Cattell).

Haulm moderately vigorous, spreading, about 3 feet in length;
stem pale green; leaflets rugose, pale green. Flowers light
purple, rare. Tuber medium sized, in shape like the Lapstone ;
skin rough, pale straw; flesh white, firm. Quality excellent.
A fine second early. Srst-class Certificate.

Prince of Wales.
Synonym.—The Barber (Dean).

Silverskin Kidney (Dean).
Synonyms.—Sear’s Seedling (Horley) ; Lady Abbess (Sutton).
Haulm robust, spreading; 2 feet in length; stem pale green;
leaflets small, rugose, pointed, pale green. Flowers large and
handsome, white, abundant, fertile. Tuber medium-sized, long-
cylindrical, rather coarse; eyes few, scattered, small, deeply-
sunken ; skin rough, pale straw; flesh firm, white. A moderate
cropper. Second early. |

Waterloo Kidney (Dean).
Haulm somewhat resembling Myatt’s Ashleaf.

Dawes Matchless (See p. 80).
Synonyms.—Webb’s Imperial; Wormsley ; Bryanstone Kidney
(Veitch). Manning’s Kidney.
Haulm strong, robust, of somewhat spreading growth, about 2
feet 6 inches high.
Excelsior Kidney (Dean).

A more erect-growing and much-improved form of Dawe’s
Matchless, producing a larger and finer sample. Extra fine
quality. rst-class Certificate, 1873.

Queen of Canada (Stone).
A very large form of Dawe’s Matchless.

Lapstone.

Synonyms.—Haigh’s Seedling ; Cobbler’s Lapstone ; Almond’s
Yorkshire Hero; Pebble White; Headley’s Nonpareil; Hunting-
don Kidney ; Yorkshire Hero; Perfection; Rixton Pippin; Ash-
top Fluke; Welbeck White, Second Early; Ne Plus Ultra
(Farquhar); Early Kidney (Veitch).

178 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Confederate (Veitch).

Haulm robust, spreading, 2 feet in length; stem tinged purple;
leaflets small, pointed, rugose, brightly green. Flowers abundant,
pale lavender. Tuber very large, long, flattened, somewhat
kidney-shaped ; surface smooth, even ; eyes few, small, full; skin
a little rough, pale straw; flesh firm, white. A heavy cropper and
very handsome. Second early.

New Englander (Hooper).

Haulm robust, erect, about 2 feet 6 inches in height; stem pale
green ; leaflets large, pale green. Flowers large, white, very abun-
dant. Tuber large, long cylindrical; eyes numerous, scattered over
entire surface, small and deeply sunken; skin smooth, pale; flesh
firm, white. Moderate cropper. A very coarse looking potato.
The leaves decay from off the stem early in a singular manner, the ©
stem remaining erect until it crumbles all away. Second early.

Model (Bell & Thorpe.) (See p. 32.)
Quality excellent.

Shiner (Harrison & Sons).

Haulm of the Regent character of growth, 2 feet 6 inches long ;
stem tinged purple; leaflets dark green, rugose. Flowers bluish
white, fertile. Tuber large, broad, flat, of the Fluke character ;
eyes, small, full; skin pale straw-coloured, a little rough; flesh
close, yellow. A great cropper and handsome. General season.

§ Half long.

President (Dean).

Haulm slender, spreading, 2 feet long ; stem tinged with purple ;
leaflets small, rugose, pointed. Flowers shaded lilac. Tuber
short, flat, very even and regularly formed; eyes small, few; skin
pale straw-coloured, slightly rough ; flesh firm, white ; very hand-
some. Moderate cropper. Second early potato. Excellent
quality.

Cooling’s Early Favonrite (Cooling).

Synonym.—Sutton’s Early Defiance Kidney (Sutton); Flower’s
Early Wide Awake (Flower) ; The Shiner (Dean).

Haulm robust, spreading, 21 inches long; stem slightly tinged
purple ; leaflets large, of the general appearance of Kentish Ash-
leaf. Flowers very large, abundant, of a bluish colour. Tuber

MR. RARRON'S REPORT ON POTATOFS. 179

medium sized kidney, hollowed at crown end; eyes situate on
crown and on knobby protuberances like the Ashleaf; skin clear
straw-coloured, very handsome ; flesh close, pale straw-coloured.
A very heavy cropper of inferior quality. Second early.

Cattell’s Intermediate (Cattell).

Haulm strong, vigorous, 3 feet 8 inches jlong; stem pale
green; leaflets rugose, pale green. Flowers white tinged purple,
fertile. Tuber medium, greatling resembling Paterson’s Victoria,
flattened, broader at one end; skin rough, pale straw-coloured ;
flesh frm, white. Mid season.

Bresee’s Climax. (See p. 84).
Synonyms.—Gravenstein ; Coppermine ; Climax.
Haulm moderately strong, about 14 feet long; stem light green,
spreading, branching. Frst-class Certificate, 1873.

Snowflake (American) (Carter and Co.; Hooper & Co.; Bliss &
Sons).

Haulm moderately robust, compact, ripening early, 2 feet long ;
stem pale green; leaflets large, broad, pointed, very pale green
Flowers seldom opening. Tuber large, long-ovate, tapering towards
the crown; very even and’regular; eyes small, almost level with
the surface of the tuber; skin pale, straw-coloured, rough; flesh
white, of good quality. A very heavy cropper. Larly, and one of
the most handsome of potatoes.

Bresee’s Prolific. (Seep. 85.) |

Synonyms.—Brown’s Prolific Kidney; Sutton’s King (Far-
quhar).

Dwarf White (Bliss & Sons).

Haulm compact, about 12 inches long, ripening off very early ;
stem pale green; leaflets broad, flat, very pale green. Flowers
not opening. Tuber medium size, half-round, flat ; surface uneven ;
eyes large, deeply sunken near crown end; skin smooth,
very clear, pale straw-coloured; flesh firm, white, of ex-
cellent quality for early use. Moderate cropper. One of the
very earliest of Potatoes. First Class Certificate, 1874.

Dourie Halli Favourite (Montagu). (See p. 86.)
Haulm robust of Regent type, about 3 feet in length; stem
pale green ; leaflets large, broad, pale green. Flowers bluish-white,
sterile. Tubers large, half-round, sometimes long; eyes few; skin

180 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

a little rough, pale straw-coloured; flesh white, firm. Good
cropper. Mid season. Very distinct.

Paterson’s Victoria. (See p. 86.)

Cattell’s Late Nonpareil (Cattell).
This resembles Paterson’s Victoria.

§ 3. Round.

Regents. (See p. 86).

Synonyms.—York Regent ; Mitchell’s Prolific; Early Oxford ;
Pink-eyed Regent; Rintoul’s White Don; Scotch Don; Rusty
Coat; Rough Jacket; Early Chinese (Veitch); Early White
Round Erfurt (Veitch); Early Don; Gryffe Castle (Harrison).

The above are varities of the true Regent potato, varying some- —
what in point of earliness, and in cropping qualities. This, it is
believed, is more due to change of soil than any permanent Gistinc-
tion. This is perhaps the best and most generally useful potato in
cultivation. :

Dalmahoy. (See p. 87.)
Synonym .—Goldfinder.

Watker’s Early. (See p. 87.)

Rector of Woodstock (Fenn.) (See p. 88).
First-Class Certificate, 1872.

Fenn’s Early Market. (See p. 88.)
first-class Certificate, 1873.

Henderson’s Prolific (Farquhar).

Haulm spreading, moderately robust, 2 feet 6 inches long;
stem pale green; leaflets pale green, rugose, resembling those of a
Regent. Flowers pale lavender, fertile. Tuber below medium
size, round; form even, regular; eyes full; skin clear, slightly
rough; flesh pale straw-coloured. A good useful early potato.

Great cropper.
Tullinamoult (Farquhar).

Haulm moderately robust, 21 inches long; stem tinged purple ;
leaflets small, crumpled, withering early. Flowers abundant,
purplish white fertile. Tuber below medium size, round, flattened
at crown end; eyes rather deeply sunken; skin smooth, pale; flesh
pale-straw coloured, firm. Moderately prolific. Second early.

' MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON POTATOES. 181

Early Dimmisk (Farquhar).

Haulm gross, spreading, 2 feet 6 inches long; stem pale green ;
leaflets large, broad, pale green. Flowers do not open. Tubers
very large, about 5 or 6 produced at each root, of form somewhat
irregular, rounded, hollowed at stalk; eyes small, full; skin
rather rough, pale ; flesh white, firm, of excellent quality. Second
early. Lirst-class Certificate, 1874.

Irish White (McGann).

Haulm like that of strong Regent. Flowers not opening.
Tube medium round ; eyes small, very deeply set, giving the tubers
a nobbly appearance ; skin pale, smooth; flesh white, firm. A fair
cropper. Late second early. A hardy vigorous potato.

White Peach-blossom. (See p. 96.)
Synonym.—Peach Blow (Carter).

Lockloy’s Perfection (Burslem).

Haulm robust, spreading, 3 feet long; stem pale green; leaflets
rugose. Flowers not opening. Tuber large, rounded, much
flattened ; eyes chiefly situate at the crown, deeply sunken; skin
rather rough, pale; flesh white, firm. A fair cropper. Mid season.
A coarse looking potato.

Prize of Holland (Veitch).

Haulm moderately robust, 27 inches long; stem pale green
leaflets small, rugose, green. Flowers lavender and white. Tuber
small, round; eyes small; skin nearly smooth, pale straw-coloured ;
flesh yellow-coloured, small, and very inferior. Second early.

Series IJ. Sxrmy Rep.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.

American Late Rose. (See p. 90).
Synonym.—American Pale Rose.
First-class Certificate, 1873.
American Early Rose. (See p. 90).

Extra Early Vermont (Bliss & Sons). (See p. 90).
First-class Certificate, 1878.

182 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Rice’s Seedling (Farquhar).

Haulm very robust and gross, 24 feet long; stem green; leaf-
lets bright green, pointed. ‘Tuber large, long, rounded, producing
very numerous small ones, very uneven; eyes small, deep,
scattered; skin rough, faintly shaded pink; flesh white, coarse.
A very coarse sort.

Bountiful (Fenn).

First-class Certificate, 1874.

Early Red Kidney (Dean).

Haulm slender, spreading 18 inches long; stem pale green;
leaflets small, pale green, ripening early. Tuber long, slender, of
a true kidney shape; eyes few, small, full; skin smooth, pale
red; flesh close, yellow. An early sort. Great cropper, and
worthless. )

§ 2. Round.

Red Emperor.
Synonym.—Carter’s Main Crop.

Vermont Beauty (Bliss & Sons).

Synonym.—Brownell’s Beauty.
First-class Certificate, 1878.

Welbeck Red (Tillery)

Haulm very robust, 4 to 5 feet long; stem tinged red; leaflets
rather small, pointed, rugose, light green. Flowers purplish
white, fertile. Tuber medium; form even, round; eyes small,
deeply-placed ; skin rough, pale red; flesh white, coarse-grained,
good for late use. A great cropper. Was raised from Scarlet
Prolific. Late.

Rufus (Harrison).

Haulm very robust and gross, 3 feet 6 inches long; stem
tinged red; leaflets large, pale green; grows very late. Flowers
white, abundant, fertile. Tuber medium sized; form regular,
rounded; eyes small, full; skin very rough, deep red; flesh close,
yellow. A handsome potato, and a great cropper, but too coarse.
Late.

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON POTATOES. 1838

Series III. Sxrn Purrte or Buve.

§ 1. Long or Kidney-Shaped.

Precoce de Kemy (Veitch).

Haulm straggling, slender, 2 feet 6 inches long; stem reddish ;
leaflets small, rugose, deep green. Flowers not opening. Tuber
small, true kidney-shaped; form very even; eyes small, skin dull,
purplish red; flesh close, yellow. A poor cropper and very wor th
less. Second early.

True Blue (Dean).

Haulm slender, spreading, 18 inches long; stem reddish; leaf-
lets small, rugose, deep green. Flowers white, fertile. Tuber
long, narrow, kidney-shaped ; form even; eyes small, level with
surface; skin rather rough; deep purple; flesh white, firm.
Handsome. A moderate cropper. Second early.

Purple Ashleaf (Farquhar).

Synonym.—Stattold Hall. (Farquhar).

Haulm moderately strong, resembling Kentish Ashleaf, spread-
ing, 18 inches long; stem tinged purple; leaflets small, rugose,
pale green. Flowers not opening. Tuber above medium-size,
long, flat; form very even; kidney-shaped; eyes very small, full ;
skin smooth, reddish purple; flesh pale, with a dark streak
through, close. A handsome-looking potato and a fair cropper.
Second-rate quality. arly. |

§ 2 Round.

Compton Surprise (Bliss & Sons).

Haulm very robust and gross, 18 inches long; ripens off early ;
stem green, tinged with red; leaflets very large, broad pale green.
Flowers white, sterile. Tubers large, long, flattened, coarse in
appearance; eyes numerous, very deep, scattered over entire
surface; skin smooth, dark purple; flesh white, firm. A
moderate cropper. Mid season.

; Scotch Blue.

Synonyms.—Duncan’s Seedling; Summer Hill Seedling; Bir-
mingham Blue (Dean).

Haulm moderately robust, spreading, 18 inches long ; stem red-
dish ; leaflets broad, green. Flowers not opening. Tuber medium

184 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

sized, round; form even; eyes small, few, sunken at crown
which is depressed ; skin smooth, reddish purle, deep purple in
the eyes; flesh white, firm. Moderate cropper. Greatly re-
sembling Scotch Blue.

Surprise (J. White).

Haulm very strong, 2 feet 9 inches long; stem reddish ; leaflets
small, rugose, deep green. Flowers purple, fertile. Tuber
medium, round, flattened, depressed at crown; form pretty even
and regular; eyes small, sunken; skin smooth, deep reddish
purple, deep violet round the eyes; flesh white, firm. A good
productive sort, and handsome. Late.

Skerry Blue (Sutton).

Haulm very robust and vigorous, 4 feet long; stem reddish ;
‘leaflets small, rugose, green, with red veining. Flowers dark
purple, very abundant, fertile, ‘Tuber large, round, of coarse un-
even appearance ; eyes large, deeply set ; skin rough, dark purple ;
flesh close, yellow. A great cropper, and a hardy potato, but very
coarse. Late.

Series ILV.—Sxin STREAKED OB FLAKED.

Barron's Perfection (Farquhar).

Haulm moderately robust, erect, 2 feet long; stem green; leaf-
lets small, rugose, pale green. Flowers purple, very abundant,
fertile. Tuber medium, long kidney-shaped, blunt at crown; eyes
small, few, mostly ‘situate at crown; skin smooth, occasionally
rough, pale straw-coloured, generally flaked with brilliant crimson ©
near the crown; flesh white, close, of good quality. Very pretty.
Moderate cropper. Second early. Sirst-class Certfiicate, 1874.

Cattell’s Advancer (Cattell).

Haulm robust, almost erect, 3 feet long ; stem pale green, tinged
purple; leaflets broad, rugose, deep green. Flowers darkly
purple, fertile. Tuber medium, half long, flat; eyes small, deeply
set ; skin pale, straw-coloured, oblong, with a dash of purple near
the crown; flesh white, firm. A moderate cropper. Late.

Red Breadfrwt. (See p. 98.)

Synonym.—Old Scarlet Keeper (Taylor).
Fit for use late in spring.

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON POTATOES. 155

Blanchard (Vilmoine).
Synonym.—Fillpeck (Peake).

Favourite (Fenn). |
This very closely resembles Blanchard. Is smaller and
inferior.
Rintoul’s Striped Don. (See p. 99.)

Welbeck purple (Tillery).

A late and strong-growing form of Rintoul’s Striped Don, raised
by Mr. Tillery Welbeck; from Pink-eyed Regent.

Fortyfold. (See p. 99.)

Synonym.—Blue Six Weeks (Veitch).

From Mr. C. France, Culzean, Maybole, Ayr, came 40 unnamed
seedlings (about 12 varieties), having haulm of much the same
character of growth as the Regent class, and clear smooth-
skinned round flattened tubers of good appearance and quality, but
rather too small. The Committee did not consider any of them

improvements on existing varieties, or sufficiently distinct to be
introduced.

XXXII. On the Hybridisation of the Black Monukka and Black
Hamburgh Grapes. By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief.

The Black Monukka is a Grape believed to be of Indian origin,
which was received from the late Mr. Johnson, gardener at
Hampton Court, and distributed by the Royal Horticultural
Society. It is a grape of great peculiarity and of great ex-
cellence. It is of exceedingly robust growth, and a some-
what shy bearer. The bunches produced are, however, very
large—from 12 to 20 inches or more in length, and of a
regular tapering form. The berries are small, long-ovate, in-
clining to be conical like an acorn, measuring 7 inch in length
and inch in diameter. In colour it approaches black when well
ripened, but is more frequently of a dull-reddish brown; it has a
thin coating of bloom. The skin is thin, adhering to the pulp,
which is firm, fleshy, and not melting, yet very tender and full of
juice. It contains no perfect seeds, only one—or at most two—
half-formed, and these being soft like the pulp are eaten with it, as

186 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

well as the skins. The flavour is rich and sweet, of the most
agreeable character, not in any way peculiar, yet refreshing and
pleasant to the palate.

The Black Monukka is termed a seedless grape. It is so, how-
ever, only so far as the seeds remain immature. The seeds are
formed, yet from some cause they are not perfected. This failing
may perhaps in some measure account for the smallness of the
berry. The peculiarity may possibly be due to defective setting.
Were the seeds perfected and fully-grown, as in other grapes, the
berries would perhaps be larger. Whether this is so or not, how-
‘ever, to alter its peculiar character in this respect would certainly
not improve it. There is something very novel and quite pleasing
in eating grapes without being troubled with either skins or seeds.

With the view of being able to introduce some of the desirable
qualities of the Black Monukka into our most approved sorts, or of |
raising a good large-berried grape of a seedless character, such asa
seedless Black Hamburgh, it was proposed to try the effect of
hybridization.

The necessary and proper precautions being taken to ensure
success, a few flowers each of the Black Hamburgh, Muscat of
Alexandria and Royal Muscadine were fertilised successfully with
pollen from the Black Monukka. Unfortunately, in thinning the
grapes the few fertilised berries of the two latter were cut off and
so lost. But from the Black Hamburgh some 25 seeds were
secured. The reverse of all these crosses was tried also, viz.,
using the Black Monukka as the female, but without success.
Several half-formed seeds were secured from the Black Monukka,
more fully-developed than in their usual normal condition, but

they refused to vegetate.
From the 25 seeds of the cross between the Black Monukka as

the male and the Black Hamburgh as the female, 22 plants have
been raised, 15 of which have fruited. ,

The first noticeable fact is the foliage. The leaves and shoots of
the whole set more closely resemble that of the male parent than
the female. The leaves are all deeply lobed and sharply serrated,
like the Black Monukka, the leaf-stalks red and hairy, as well as
the young shoots. The plants bear no resemblance whatever to
the Black Hamburgh ; by the foliage they would be grouped as
four distinct varieties.

In the fruit they are widely different of the 15 which have
fruited ; eight of them have the berries white, and five have the
berries black ; six have long or ovate berrics, and seven have the

MR. BARRON ON HYBRIDISATION OF GRAPES. 187

berries round, part of each being black! and part white. Three
are very early, and two are very late, and with one exception they
are all small. Two of them have small berries, resembling the
Black Hamburgh (female parent), with the leaves of the Black
Monukka; one resembles the Black Monukka in the shape and ap-
pearance of the berries, but it is a coarse, late grape. Two of them
have proved seedless, like the Black Monukka ; but the berries are
round, and the one white, the other black. In no case is there
an exact reproduction of either the male or the female parent, the
majority of the results being decidedly inferior to either. A few
have peculiarities which entitle them to further trial, but the
greater part are quite useless.

XXXIV. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick. Reduced by R.
Srracwan, Meteorological Office.

The readings of the barometer and thermometers are all cor-
rected for instrumental errors (which have been ascertained at the
Kew Observatory), and those of the barometer are reduced to the
temperature of 32° Fah., and to mean sea-level. .

The rain gauge is 25 feet above sea-level.

The temperature of evaporation is regularly observed, but is not
given here. It has been considered preferable to give the dew-
point, which has been calculated from this observation by means
of Glaisher’s factors.

The figures denoting the estimated force of the wind signify as
follows :—1, light air; 2, light breeze; gentle breeze; 4, mode-
rate breeze; 5, fresh breeze; 6, strong breeze; 7, moderate gale ;
8, fresh gale; 9, strong gale; 10, whole gale; 11, storm; 12,
hurrleane.

The notations of weather are, for brevity, expressed by letters,
which signify as follows:—b, blue sky; c, detached clouds; 0,
overcast ; f, fog; m, mist; r, rain; h, hail; s, snow; d, drizzle;
p, passing showers ; q, squalls; t, thunder; 1, lightning. A letter
repeated denotes intensity.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

188

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TABLE OF CONTENTS. | ime : ay
Page

XXIV. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Species of Passifloree Culti-
vated in European Gardens, with References to. the Works in which
they are Figured. By M. T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S.......000...ceneee 125

XXV, On the Mildew of Hollyhocks. By the Rey, M.J. Brxxerey,M.A., fr

BP BA Boi. fil sats ch secageacaiiscsn decane seelivenets endplate 159 |

XXVI. On a Pink Sport of the Glvire de Dijon Rose. By M. T. Masrers, =
M.D., F.R.S. CORO e eee COREE Ree eee eee eee OOH EH eee eer FeOuassseseesessss ees eee® eeeeeceeree 153 : %

XXVII. Pollen-Eating Flies, By A. W. Bennett, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S....... 168
XXVIII. Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction (February, 1874) ....... vo LADS eo
ey.

XXIX. Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick, 1874. By Tuomas tok
Moone, +Floral. Director: RH.S, .../...<.s0.s00s.ssoosscass eatenebeuseroeeeaeall 169-25

XXX. On the Winds at Chiswick and Barnsbury during 1873. By R.
Srracuan, F.M.S., Meteorological Office .............c0...seeeeereserenses - ee

XXXI. Report on Broad Beans Grown in the Garden at Chiswick in 1874, ;
By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief and Secretary to the Fruit z .S
Cotamittae: iis ari oss eos ch arn eee toe nance aonsacteiihe. Seen 5S aN

XXXII. Revort on Potatoes Grown in 1874 at Chiswick. By A. Ff Bannon,
Gardener-in-Chief, and pao to the Fruit Committee ,

XXXV. Results of Meteorological Observations made at Chiswick in ‘the year % -
1873 POH SH SHES SOHHEH SHH HSHHHH He tee THE HHT HEHHOE HEH EHHHEEH eS sees eEHOHeeesersese se SOE OESs

ADVERTISEMENT.

pe me ne , pho ysetvas J Lis rat a 1} in ive ‘3 ity
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AAUP ASH UR OEE aD 9
[Part 16. a?

THE

Si. , 95 Phd
v% « arharitil hy
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| ;

|ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

é
ae Le MS eS eee

NEW SERIES.
VOLUME IV.

EDITED BY

| Tue Rey. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A, F.LS., F.R.LS.

wy Ne D J d
tr 7 f

. LONDON:
RANKEN EC 0., DRURY HOUSE,
gh. MARY-LE-STRAND.
: 7a C's V gaan

ss PRICE TWO SHILLINGS.

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON ONIONS. 195

XXXVI. Report on Onions Grown at Chiswick for Trial by the
Fruit and Vegetable Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society, 1875. By A. F. Barron.

Tue seed for this trial was furnished by the following gentlemen,
viz. :—Messrs. Barr & Sugden ; Messrs. Carter & Co. ; Messrs. Cut-
bush & Son; Messrs. Benary, Erfurt; Messrs. Nutting & Son;
Messrs. Sutton & Sons; Messrs. Veitch & Sons; Messrs. Vilmorin
et Cie., Paris; Messrs. Harrison & Sons; Messrs. Stuart & Mein;
Messrs. Piccirillo; Messrs. Hovey & Co., Boston ; Mr. Dancer; Mr.
J. Perry; Mr. A. Parsons; Mr. R. Dean.

The seed was sown on March 16th in well-pulverised, moderately
rich soil, which had the previous season been well manured for
Celery. The season was on the whole favourable for the growth
of Onions, so that the trial was so far of a very satisfactory
character. Altogether 155 samples were sown, representing
ninety-eight different names, of which number twenty are here
described as quite distinct.

The report only extends to those varieties which have been
proved to be well adapted for spring sowing and early autumn or
winter use, the remainder of the Tripoli and Silver-skinned sections
being again submitted for trial as autumn-sown Onions.

1. White Spanish.

Synonyms.—Banbury (Perry); Banbury Improved; Nuneham
Park; Improved Nuneham Park; Reading; Improved Reading ;
Naseby Mammoth (Carter & Co.) ; Oxonian Prize (Nutting & Son) ;
Cutbush’s A 1 (Cutbush & Sons); Portugal; Cantello’s Prize
(Waite, Burnell & Co.)

This variety is the one most generally cultivated. The plant is of
free growth, the neck of medium size, and ripens off early and well.
The bulbs are large, a fair-sized specimen measuring about 12
inches in circumference, and from 2 to 23 inches in thickness. .
The shape is flattened, the base broad, flat, frequently a little
hollowed and uneven, somewhat globular towards the stalk in the
-best forms. ‘ Skin pale straw, falling-off readily and exposing the
pale greenish-yellow outer flesh. The flesh itself is firm and solid,
_almost white, and of excellent quality. This variety keeps gene-
rally in good condition up to the month of March. The Banbury
and Nuneham Park forms were the most improved.

P

196 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

2. Large Straw-coloured (Vilmorin).

Synonym.—Yellow Flat (Hovey & Co.)
This is only to be distinguished from the White Spanish by the
darker colouring of the outer skins.

* Yellow Lescure (Vilmorin) ; Yellow Cambrai (Vilmorin).

These were considered very spurious stocks of the Large Straw-
coloured.

3. White Globe.

Plant of free growth, forming in general a small neck; ripens
off early and well. The bulbs are of medium size, from 9 to 10
inches in circumference, and about 23 inches in depth. The shape
is somewhat globular or obovate, with a finely rounded high crown.
The skin is pale straw like the White Spanish, and it is, indeed,
similar to that variety in every other respect but its more globular
form. It is an excellent keeping sort, and much esteemed.

White Intermediate Oscar (Cutbush & Sons).

These are mixed and indifferent stocks of White Globe and White
Spanish.

4. Trebons (Vilmorin et Cie. ; Stuart & Mein).

Plant of free growth, but somewhat tender, succeeding best in a
warm season. Neck somewhat gross. The bulbs are of very large
size—about 13 inches in circumference, and from 3 to 34 inches in
depth. The shape is obovate, the base somewhat broad and flat,
whilst the top tapers more to the stalk or neck. The skin is pale
straw, and peels off readily like the White Spanish. The flesh is
pale and rather soft in texture, but of mild and excellent quality.
This is a very large and handsome Onion for early autumn use.
It does not keep well, and generally begins to shoot before Christ-
mas. It bears a close resemblance to the imported Spanish
Onions.

5. Yellow Danvers (Hovey & Co. ; Vilmorin et Cie. ; Carter & Co.)

Synonym.—Danvers Yellow.

This is a very fine and distinct Onion. The plant is of free
growth, the top slender, of a rather pale green colour, and with a
very fine slender neck, so that it ripens off well. The bulbs are of

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON ONIONS. 197

medium but very even and regular size, from 10 to 11 inches in
circumference, and about 24 inches in depth. The shape is
roundish globular, very regular, with a small base and a small
neck. The skin is of a dark straw colour, the outer coating peeling
off freely, but not exposing the flesh; the inner coating remaining
firm, giving the Onion a very neat, clean appearance. The fleshis
very firm and solid throughout, and of fine quality. A splendid
keeping variety.

New German (Veitch & Sons).

This bears a close resemblance to Danvers Yellow, but scarcely
appears to keep so well.

6. Brown Globe.

Synonym.—James'’s Keeping.

This is of the same character as the White Globe, but having
darker or reddish-brown skins ; some are pale-fleshed throughout ;
others, these being the darker-skinned, have a slight shading of
red as an outside coating of the various layers, as in the Red varie-
ties. It is an excellent keeping variety, and much esteemed. The
James’s Keeping of some is more flattened near the crown, forming
a sort of shoulder to the stalk, and of others again it is similar to
the Pear-shaped.

Magnum Bonum (A. Parsons)
is a very fine selection of the Brown Globe.

Brown Intermediate ; Bedfordshire Champion.
These are mixed stocks of Brown and White Globe.

7. Pear-shaped.

Synonym.—Pyriforme. -

This is allied to the Globe section, and may he described as an
elongated form of that variety. The plant is of free growth, the
great majority producing very thick necks with very little bulb,
so that they do not ripen off well. The true form is like that ofa
long Pear, tapering mostly towards the stalk, from 7 to 8 inches in
circumference, and from 4 to 5 inches in depth or height. The
skin is of a dark-reddish brown, and falls off readily. The flesh is
moderately firm and solid, but it is not a very good keeping sort,
and its shape does not recommend it. A good selection of this is
sometimes sent out as James’s Keeping.

Pp 2

198 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

8. Deptford.

Synonyms. —Brown Spanish ; Improved Brown Spanish ; Stras-
burg; Strasburg Dutch; Pale Red Niorte; Light Red Stras-
burg.

Plant of free growth and very hardy, forming a small neck and
ripening early. The bulbs are of medium size, flattened or oblate,

‘of pretty even and regular form. The skin is of a dark reddish-
brown colour. The flesh firm, solid, tinged with red. An excel-
lent keeping variety.

9. French Strasburg.

Synonym.—Pale Red St. Brieux.

This is distinct from the Deptford or English Strasburg. The
bulbs are smaller, of very uneven shape, and frequently split open
into several crowns. They are of a dull reddish colour. Alto-
gether very inferior varieties of the Deptford class.

10. Deep Blood Red.

Plant of free and hardy growth. Bulbs of medium or rather
small size, flattened or oblate, and generally of very even and
regular form. The outer skin is of a dull red colour; the inner
coating of a deep glossy red. The flesh itself is pure white, it
being only the outside coating of the various layers that are
coloured, and these become paler towards the centre. It is very
firm and solid throughout. This is the strongest flavoured Onion,
and the latest keeper. . On these accounts it is a valued variety.

Blood Red.

This is simply a paler-skinned variety of the preceding, and the
most common,

11. Wethersfield Red (Hovey & Co.; Carter & Co. ; Benary & Son).

Synonym.—Bright Red Mezieres (Vilmorin).

Piant of free and robust growth. The neck small, ripens off
freely. Bulbs large, flattened or oblate, very even and regularly
formed, about 12 inches in circumference and 2 inches in depth.
The outer skin is of a light dull red colour, and peels off freely ;
the inner coating being light purplish, shading greatly from the
crown to the base, where it is very pale. The flesh is pure white,
the outer surface of the coating only being coloured. It is very
firm, solid, and of mild and excellent quality, and keeps well. A

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON ONIONS. 199

remarkably fine and handsome Onion from America. The finest
type of Red Onion.

12. Early Red (Hovey & Co.)

This is a rather early red variety. The bulbs are of medium
size, flat, of a very dull red colour. The flesh is firm and solid,
and of good quality. It showed a tendency to the production of
several crowns, which burst and spoil the bulbs, and prevent them
keeping.

13. Zwo-bladed.

This name is given to denote its peculiarity of only producing
two blades or leaves. These form small bulbs very early in the
‘season, and soon ripen off; a great majority, however, grow into
larger bulbs, and these have the ordinary number of leaves. The
true two-leaved type has small roundish bulbs about an inch in
diameter. The skin is of a dull yellowish brown colour; the flesh
greenish white, and frequently a little coloured, They are very
firm and solid, and keep well. The small size makes it useful for
pickling purposes.

14. Teneriffe (Benary & Son).

This greatly resembled in appearance the smaller types of the
Two-bladed,

15. Silver-skin (Nutting & Son).

Synonyms.—Silver-skin Pickling (Veitch) ; Early White Silver-
skinned (Benary & Son) ; White pata Early Hard Dutch (Vilmorin
et Cie.)

The bulbs are of medium size, roundish oblate ; a great many
are apt to split open. The outer skin is pure white or silvery,
’ peeling off freely and exposing the next coating, which is white
with green veinings. The flesh is pure white, exceedingly firm
and solid. Keeps remarkably well, and is useful to those who
prefer very white onions. This is quite distinct from the Paris
Silver-skin, which does not keep well.

16. Queen.

Synonyms.—New Queen ; Piccirillo’s New Queen.

This is a very small and very early variety of the Silver-skinned
section. It forms bulbs almost as quickly as a Radish, and has
rarely more than two or three leaves. They were fully grown

200 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

last season by the 1st of June, about fifteen days earlier than the
White Italian Tripoli, which variety in the late trial it most nearly
resembled. Many large and later-growing examples were observed
in each sample, which, if the seed was not mixed, implies a
tendency to deterioration. In this, as in other respects it exactly
resembles the Nocera as introduced from Italy about thirty years
ago, and the Florence White of earlier date.

N.B.—AII the section of Silver-skinned Onions, including the
Queen, White Italian Tripoli, Marzajola, Nocera, Paris Silver-
skin, Early White Naples, and White Lisbon, also the Giant
Tripoli section, including the Giant Rocca, Red Sallow, Madeira,
&c., which are found valueless as spring-sown varieties, will form
the subject of a separate report when their respective merits have
been tested as autumn or winter-sown Onions.

17. Potato Onion.

Synonym.—Underground Onion.

This is not propagated by seeds. The small bulbs are planted
in the ground like Shallots, and around these a number of new
bulbs are produced. These bulbs are of average size, of somewhat
irregular shape; the skin reddish brown, hanging very loosely.
The flesh is tolerably firm and solid, and of fair quality. It does
not keep well, but is useful for procuring an early supply of
Onions.

18. Egyptian.

Synonyms.—Kgyptian Bulbiferous ; Tree Onion; Garden Rocam-
bole.

This variety when planted throws up a stem on which, instead
of flowers, small bulbs are produced of about the size of small
marbles, which are very excellent for pickling. It is propagated
by planting these bulbules (the largest of which will bear bulbs
the same season), or by the bulbs which are formed in the ground,
and which have not formed stems.

19. American Perennial Tree, or Top Onion (Carter & Co.)

This produces small bulbules in the same manner as the Egyptian
Bulbiferous, but of a much smaller and inferior character. No
bulbs are formed in the ground. The plant is perennial ; the
roots are long and fibrous.

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON CELEBIES. 201

20. Welsh. 4

_ Of this there are two varieties, the Red and the Green. The
plant is an herbaceous perennial, and forms no bulbs; the roots
are long and fibrous. The green tops or leaves only are used. It
may be propagated by seed or by division of the roots.

XXXVII. Report on Celeries Grown for Trial by the Fruit and
Vegetable Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at
Chiswick, 1874-5. By A. F. Barron.

Tue seed for this trial was presented by Messrs. Carter & Co. ;
Messrs. Barr & Sugden ; Messrs. Minier, Nash, & Nash; Messrs.
Harrison & Sons; Messrs. Osborn & Sons; Messrs. Stuart & Mein ;
Messrs. Veitch & Sons ; Messrs. Vilmorin et Cie. ; Samuel Simpson,
Esq.; Mr. R. Dean; Mr. A. Parsons.

There were forty-seven reputed varieties received, of which
twenty-three were red and twenty-four white. These the Com-
mittee by the detection of numerous synonyms reduced to twenty—
viz., seven red varieties and thirteen white, which have been
decided to be distinct.

The seed was sown early in March in heat, and the plants
pricked-off and planted-out early in June in single trenches, and
treated after the ordinary manner. The plants were frequently
examined by the Committee whilst growing, and again when fully
grown, and a portion of each sort was left to test their capabilities
of standing the winter.

The season of 1874 was a particularly favourable one for the
growth of Celeries, so that the trial was a satisfactory one.

I. Rep VARIETIES.
1. Manchester Red.

Synonyms.—Laing’s Mammoth; Radford’s Pink; Sulham Prize
Pink ; Hooley’s Conqueror Prize; True Manchester; Giant Red.

Plant of strong and vigorous growth, attaining an average
height of 3 feet 4 inches. Leaflets broad, green. Heads compact,
average girth 12 inches. The outer leaf-stalks are moderately
broad, slightly shaded with red. Heart very solid; the stalks,

202 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

broad, thick, and fleshy, blanching for about 12 inches. <A very
excellent sort ; stands the winter well. This is the largest variety.

2. Ivery’s Nonsuch.

Synonyms.—Violet de Tours; Osborn’s Select Red; London
Market Red.

Plant of strong and vigorous growth and habit. Average height
3 feet. The leaflets are broad, deep green, the pinne more widely
situate than in other varieties. Heads compact, average girth
12 inches. The outer leaf-stalks flat, of a deep rosy-red colour.
Hearts very solid, blanching for about 13 inches; stalks very solid,
broad, thick, and crisp, of a fine nutty flavour. A very excellent
sort, and one of the best to stand the winter.

3. Kimberley’s Red.

Synonyms.—Improved Solid Red ; Stuart and Mein’s Solid Red.

Plant of regular but somewhat spreading habit of growth.
Height 2 feet 6 inches. Leaflets broad, deep green. Heads com-
pact, average girth 11 inches. The outer leaflets narrow, rounded,
and slender, of a deep rosy-red colour. Hearts very solid, blanching
for about 12 inches; the stalks broad, thick, and crisp, of a fine
nutty flavour.

4. Carter’s Incomparable Crimson.

Synonyms. —Carter’s _ Incomparable Dwarf Crimson; Hood’s
Dwarf Red.

Plant of close compact growth. Height 2 feet 6 inches.
Leaflets rather broad, pale green. Heads very compact, average
girth 11 inches. Outer leaflets narrow, deep rosy-pink. Hearts
very solid, blanching for about 11 inches; the stalks thick and
fleshy, and of fine quality. This is the dwariest red Celery, and
a good hardy variety to stand the winter.

6. Webster's No: 1

Synonym.—Webster’s No. 4.

Plant of somewhat slender growth. Height 2 feet 10 inches.
Leaflets broad, with short petioles, giving it a bushy, compact
appearance. Heads compact, average girth 105 inches. Outer
leaf-stalks slender and narrow. Heart-solid, blanching for about
12 inches; the stalks solid, thick, very crisp, and of good quality..

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON CELERIES. 203:

6. Leicester Red,

. Synonyms.—Major Clarke’s Solid Red; Turnmoss Red; Ram-
sey’s Solid Red.

Plant of erect compact growth, presenting a very uniform
appearance when growing. Height 3 feet. Leaflets rather small,
deeply serrated, of a shining green colour, with a sort of silvery
shade. Heads very round and compact, average girth 12 inches.
The outer leaf-stalks are rather narrow or rounded, of a clear rosy-
pink colour. Hearts very solid, blanching well for about 12 inches ;
the inner stalks broad and thick, very crisp, and of a fine nutty
flavour. One peculiarity of this Celery is that of the core rising
about 2 inches in the heart, as if it were to run to seed. This core
portion is. by many considered the best part. This variety, from its
close compact growth, blanches easily, and is the best Celery for
autumn or early-winter use, but it does not stand the winter well.

7. Wright's Improved Grove Red.

Plant of the same appearance as Leicester Red, but somewhat
dwarfer. The heads are also larger, being 18 inches in circum-
‘ference. Hearts large, very solid, and good. This is a very
excellent sort.

Il. Waite VARIETIES.

8. Grove White.

( Plant of strong and robust growth. Height 2 feet 9 inches. This
is an exact counterpart of the Grove Red, but white, and possessed
of the same excellent qualities. Does not stand the winter so well
as other sorts.

9. [Incomparable Dwarf White.

Synonyms.—Plein Blane Court Hatif; Sandringham ; Desks S
Compact White.

Plant of very dwarf and ees growth. Height about 24
inches. Leaflets small, pale green. Heads very compact, average
girth about 10 inches. Outer leaf-stalks broad and deeply ribbed.
Hearts solid, blanching about 10 inches, and of a pure white; the
stalks broad, thick, fleshy, crisp, and of fine quality. This is one
of the best sorts ; its close dwarf growth renders it easy to blanch
with remarkably little earthing-up. It is good for early use, and
also stands the winter well.

10. Plein Blane.
_ Plant of dwarf compact habit. Height 24 inches. This is much

2 04 ROYAL HORTICULTUBAL SOCIETY.

of the same character as the preceding, but smaller and inferior.
It is useful for an early supply.

11. 4 Couper.

Plant small. Height about 24 inches. Leaflets small. Heads
small. Outer leaf-stalks very narrow. This is not of much use, only
for very early work, the small heart blanching very quickly. It
soon runs to seed.

12. Ture Grand.

Plant of robust growth. Height 2 feet 6 inches. Leaflets
large, broad, deep green. Outer leaf-stalks broad, much ribbed.
Heart small. It may be useful for an early supply, but soon runs
to seed.

13. Seymour's White.

Synonyms. —Goodwin’s White; Northumberland Champion
White.

Plant of somewhat spreading habit of growth. Height 3 feet.
Heads large, 12 inches in girth. Outer leaf-stalks broad, very
deeply ribbed. Hearts solid, blanching to nearly 14 inches; the
stalks broad, thick, and fleshy. This is the largest-growing white
Celery, and apt to become pithy if very strongly grown.

14. Prizetaker White.

Synonym.—Veitch’s Silver White.

Plant of somewhat slender growth. Height 3 feet. Leaflets
small, deep green, sharply serrated. Heads large, girth 11 inches.
Outer leaf-stalks narrow. Hearts somewhat loose, blanching to
about 12 inches; the stalks rather soft, but of fine flavour. Rather
tender.

15. Dixon's Mammoth White.

Plant of close compact robust growth. Height 2 feet 3 inches.
Leaflets broad. Heads large, girth 14 finches. Outer leaf-stalks
very broad, about 2 inches. Hearts very large, blanching about
11 inches, somewhat soft, but excellent. It stands the winter
well.

16. Great Eastern.

Plant of loose spreading habit, so much so that it is difficult to
keep the heads together, and much addicted to throwing up side

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON CELERIES. 205

shoots. Height 2 feet 9 inches. Leaflets small, pointed, very pale
green, Heads small, girth 10 inches. Hearts loose and small. A
very worthless sort, and decays early.

17. Haywood’s White Queen.

Synonyms.—Stuart & Mein’s Giant White; Goodall’s Flat-
stalked ; Webster’s White.

Plant of robust growth. Leaves spreading. Height 2 feet
9 inches. Heads large, 13 inches in girth. Outer leaf-stalks very
broad (about 2 inches), much ribbed, and coarse. Hearts solid,
blanching to about 14 inches; the stalks very large, broad, thick,
and fleshy, but without much flavour, An excellent sort to stand
the winter.

18. Veitch’s Solid White.

Synonym.—Danesbury.

Plant of close compact growth. Height 2 feet 6 inches. Leaflets
broad, very deeply toothed or serrated, giving it quite a distinct
appearance. Heads compact, girth 11 inches. Outer leaf-stalks
rather broad, deeply ribbed, pale green. Hearts very firm and
solid, blanching for about 12 inches; the stalks broad, thick,
crisp, and tender. A very excellent variety, and stands the winter
well.

19. Boston Market.

Plant dwarf, from 18 to 20 inches high. Leaflets small, pointed,
and sharply serrated. This variety is not used to produce a single
head as the ordinary Celeries, but having the peculiarity of forming
a number of side shoots or small heads which are blanched. It is
suited for early work, and it begins to run to seed almost as soon
as planted out.

20. Frise, Curled or Garnishing.

Plant of loose growth. Height about 2 feet. Leaves very pale
green, and deeply cut or curled, almost like Parsley. It is very
ornamental. The leaves may be used for garnishing, but it is of no
other use. It is very tender, and runs early to seed.

21. Turnip-rooted or Celariac.

Synonyms.—Celeri navet ; Rave; Rave d’Erfurt ; Soup Celery.
This is quite a distinct vegetable, the plant forming a large bulb
at the base of leaf-stalks like a Turnip. This bulb is used in

%

206 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

soups much in the same way as Turnips, and not the leaf-stalks as
in other Celeries, and requires‘no blanching. It is not much culti-
vated in this country.

XXXVIIT. Report on Red and White Currants fruited at Chiswick,
1875. By A. F. Barron.

THERE is, perhaps, no class of fruits in ordinary cultivation in this
country in which so much confusion exists in regard to their
nomenclature or their distinctive merits as in that of Currants.
Names exist in plentiful variety, but the fruits of all the kinds are”
very similar, so that it has been impossible to distinguish them.
The varieties may vary to some extent as to the size of the bunches,
berries, their colour, cropping qualities, &c.; but as these are con-
siderably affected by cultivation, situation, &c., their comparative
and distinctive merits can only be ascertained when all the varieties
are grown together under the same conditions, as in the present
instance.

The collection, consisting of forty-five reputed distinct varieties»
was got together from various quarters, and represents the most of.
the names to be met with in English nurseries and a few of the
French. Altogether there exist about sixty distinct names as ap-
plied to the Red Currants and about fifteen to the White, so that
the remainder have to be collected and described. |

The classification is based chiefly on the appearance of the plants,
their foliage, habit of growth, &c. This is very decided, distinct,
and easily to be recognised. The typical names adopted may not
in every instance be correct, but the varieties given as synonyms
are all identical the one with the other as they have been received
by the Society. There is no means of distinguishing any of the
varieties by their fruit alone. |

Reps.
1. Red Dutch.

Synonyms.—Fertile; Fertile d’ Angleterre ; Fertile de Palluau ;
Fertile de Bertin ; La Hative ; Hative de Bertin ; Bertin No. 9 ; Belle
de St. Gilles; Chenonceaux; Grosse Rouge de Boulogne; Queen
Victoria ; Red Grape.

MR. BARRON’S REPORT ON RED AND WHITE CURRANTS. 207

This is one of the best varieties in cultivation. A most abundant
bearer, and.ripening early. The bunches are long, and the berries
large, full, and juicy, of a bright red colour. The plant is ofa
dwarf and somewhat slender habit of growth, never attaining a
large size. The leaves broad and flat, deep green, having a sort of
metallic glaueous hue, which renders it in appearance quite
-distinct. The synonyms here given are all referable to this one
‘variety, and which is the one generally grown and known in this
country as the Red Dutch.

2. Knight's Large Red.

Synonyms.—Knight’s Sweet Red; Goliath; Fielder’s Red
Palmer’s Late Red; Pitmaston Red; Pitmaston Prolific; Large
Sweet Red ; Bertin N o. 1; Dancer’s Selected.

This variety is not “nite so early as the Red Dutch. Itis a most
abundant bearer. The bunches are long, and produced in immense
clusters. Berries of medium size, of a bright red colour. The
plant is of strong and vigorous growth, the shoots growing mostly
erect. - Leaves pale green, rather small, somewhat deeply cut and
crumpled in appearance. This variety is the one in most general
cultivation in the market gardens around London, having probably
been selected for its fine vigorous constitution. Messrs. Krelage, of
Haarlem, sent fruiting branches of this variety as the true Red
Dutch Currant as grown in Holland.

8. Old Red.

Synonym.—Rouge Commun.

This greatly resembles the preceding. The plant is of most
robust growth, but a poor cropper and with small berries. It is
most probably the original stock from which Knight’s Large Red,
the present common variety, has been selected.

4, Red Cherry.

Synonym.—La Versaillaise.

The berries of this variety are very large and handsome, almost
like small cherries; but they are produced very sparingly, the
bunches frequently consisting of only one berry, and from twenty
to thirty berries on a plant. The plant is of a gross spreading
habit of growth. The shoots pale, very gross. Leaves very large,
broad, deep green. It is unsuited for cultivation in the open
ground, as the shoots from their gross nature break off 80 easily,

208 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

and so no plant is formed. The buds do not break freely after
pruning. Grown against a wall it is more satisfactory.

5. Houghton Seedling.

Synonyms.—-Houghton Castle ; Orangefield.

This is a late variety. The berries of medium size, deep red,
and rather acid. Bunches long, produced in very thick clusters.
A most abundant cropper. The plant is of a very robust, close-
growing, stubby habit, very rarely producing long shoots. The
leaves are small, deep dark green, somewhat deeply cut and crum-
pled in appearance. Very distinct. This variety, from its close
compact habit of growth and sturdy constitution, is very suitable
for growing in exposed situations and for training as an espalier or
pyramid. x

, 6. Gondowin.

Synonyms.—Raby Castle; May’s Victoria; Imperiale Rouge-
d’Hollande 4 grappes longues.

This is a remarkably strong-growing late variety. The bunches
are very long. Berries large or above medium, of a bright red
colour with a sharp acidity. Asa bearer it is only medium. The
plant is of a most robust growth, soon forming large bushes. Shoots
strong, reddish. Leaves large, dark green, with reddish veinings,
flat, deeply cut, very showy, and very distinct. The flowers have
also a reddish tinge. This is one of the latest Currants to ripen
and hang well on the plants afterwards. The plant, from its strong
vigorous growth, is very suitable for growing as standards or large
bushes.

7. Verriére Rouge.
This appears to be a compact dwarf-growing form of the

Gondouin.
8. Mallow-leaved.

Synonym.—New Street Red.

This is a strong-growing late variety. Bunches long. Berries
small, of a pale red colour. Late in ripening and a somewhat poor
cropper. The plant is of very distinct appearance, strong, tall-
growing, with pale shoots. Leaves large, flat, soft, downy like a
Mallow, of a pale green colour, sometimes like the Black Currant.

9. Lace-leaved.

Synonyms.—Large Sweet Red ; Large Red ; d’Hollande 4 feuilles
bordées.

MR. BARRON'S REPORT ON RED AND WHITE CURRANTS. 209

A fine compact-growing bushy variety. Bunches of a medium
size. Berries medium, of a pale red colour. A most abundant
bearer. Shoots dark, spreading. Leaves dark green with a glau-
cous hue, and the greater portion, more especially those in the
shade, having a narrow silver lacing or border, giving the plants a
slightly variegated appearance. A very excellent good-habited
variety.

10. Cut-leaved.

Synonyms.—A feuilles laciniées ; Eyatt; Nova.

Plant of somewhat slender spreading growth. Bunches of
medium size. Berries small, of a pale red. A very poor cropper.
Leaves small, deeply cut, or laciniated and pointed, rendering it
very distinct in appearance.

11. Variegated.

Synonym.—A. feuilles panachées.

This is a variegated-leaved form of the common Red. A poor
cropper. The leaves are prettily variegated on their appearance in
spring, but soon become dull and dingy.

12. Striped-fruited.

This in appearance resembles the common Red. Berries small,
pale in colour, with one or two darker stripes, rather pretty. A
very poor cropper. The Gloire des Sablons is stated to be a White
variety, prettily striped with red. At Chiswick it proved the
same as Gondouin.

13. Champagne.

Synonym.—Couleur de Chair.

This is remarkable on account of the colour of the berries, which
are pale flesh, and their sweet flavour, being exactly similar to the
White varieties. Bunches short. Berries small. The plant is of
dwarf bushy habit and robust. Leaves broad, flat, having the ap-
pearance of the Red Dutch. It is an abundant bearer. A desirable
variety.

WHITES,
14. Common White.

Synonym.—Blanche Commun.
Plant of dwarf bushy habit. Leaves small, deeply cut and
crumpled in their appearance. Bunches small. Berries small.

210 é ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

15. Wilmot’s Large White.

Synonym.—Blanche d’ Angleterre.
Plant of free somewhat erect growth. Leaves large, flat.
Bunch of medium size. Berries large, white. A good cropper.

16. White Dutch.

Synonym.—Blanche d’Hollande,

Plant, leaves, &c., of exactly the same appearance as the Red
Dutch—dwarf, compact, bushy. Bunches large. Berries large, ‘or
very large, of a yellowish-white colour, very fine, juicy, and sweet.
A great cropper.

XXXIX. Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick in 1875.
By Tomas Moors, F.L.S., Floral Director.

Ir was stated in the last Report of the Chiswick Board of Direc-
tion that the work in the floral department had been in some degree
crippled by the diminished facilities granted to the Superintendent,
but that nevertheless some very good work had been accomplished.
This consisted in the cultivation, with the view to a comparison of
their merits, of collections of eighty-two varieties of Bedding Pansies,
of 125 varieties of Fuchsias, and of 350 varieties of Bedding Pelar-
goniums. The Floral Committee held several meetings during the
blooming season for the critical examination of these collections,
and awarded twenty-three certificates of merit to different varieties
of Pansies, twenty-one certificates to the best varieties of Fuchsias,
and seventeen certificates to Pelargoniums which were considered
as improvements on those previously rewarded.

The following are descriptive notes of the several varieties in
each group to which certificates were awarded, the notes being
sufficient to give, some notion of the habit, colour, and charac-
teristics of the kinds, and also to afford some clue to their identi-
fication.

Brepping PANSIES AND VIOMLAS,

The varieties of these plants subjected to the test of trial were
contributed by Messrs. Dickson & Co., Edinburgh ; Messrs. Cocker

MR. MOORE’S REPORT ON VIOLAS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 215

& Sons, Aberdeen; Mr. R. Dean, Ealing ; Mr. G. Westland, Witley
Court; Dr. Stuart, Chirnside, N.B.; Messrs. Milligan & Kerr ;
Messrs. Robertson & Galloway.

Those only are here described which obtained certificates. In
several instances the certificates granted in 1874 under less favour-
able conditions were now confirmed. The plants were inspected
by the Committee on June 9th, and again on July 16th. The fol-
lowing may be regarded as a selection of the best of the Bedding
Pansies, chosen from the point of view of showing compactness and
dwarfness of habit, profuseness and continuity of bloom, and useful
and effective colours rather than that of size and shape in the indi-
vidual flowers— chosen, in fact, for those special features which give
them their value as bedding plants.

First-Class Certificates.
1. Alpha (Dickson & Co.)

A very compact-growing, vigorous-habited, free-flowering
variety. Flowers large, bluish purple, with a reddish flush; the
eye yellow, with a bilobed dark spot in front. Good and lasting.

2. Bedfont Yellow (Dean).

A free-growing, compact-habited sort. Flowers large, bright
golden yellow, with pencilled eye. (Good and effective.

3. Blue Bell (Dean).

A very showy variety of compact, spreading, free-blooming habit.
Flowers numerous, medium-sized, mauve purple, with a small
yellow eye pencilled with dark lines. The individual flowers are
deticient in shape, but the effect of the mass is good, and the plant
is a continuous bloomer. Awarded a first-class certificate in 1874,
which was now confirmed.

4. Blue Perfection (Westland).

Of compact free-blooming habit. Flowers medium-sized, of a
deep reddish mauve with yellow eye. A fine effective self-coloured
variety. The variety sent in as Purple Perfection proved to be the
same as this.

5. Dr. Stuart (Stuart).

Of dwarf compact habit. Flowers mauve purple, with small
yellow eye surrounded by a narrow dark ring. A neat and pretty

flower.
Q

212 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

6. Golden Gem (Dickson & Co.)

A variety of dwarf spreading habit, and a free bloomer. Flowers
large, deep yellow, with deeper eye, over which occur dark pen-
cillings. Good and lasting. Awarded a first-class certificate in
1874.

7. Inlacina (Dean).

A charming variety of dwarf compact-spreading habit, free-
growing, and very distinct. Flowers of moderate size, the upper
petals of a reddish lilac, the lower ones bluish lilac, with small
yellow eye. An exceedingly pretty and taking flower.

8. Lothar (Dean).

A novel variety, with a dwarf compact habit of growth. Flowers
large, deep purple, with small yellow eye and broadish bronzy spot
just below it on the lower petal. A distinct and rich-looking flower,
of lasting quality.

9. Lily-white Tom Thumb (Dean).

A very useful variety, of free compact-spreading habit. Flowers
white, with yellow eye and dark pencillings. The flowers are
tolerably constant as to purity, but they occasionally blotch in hot
weather. The first-class certificate awarded in 1874 was con-

firmed.
10. Magpie, or La Pie (Dean).

_ An old French variety, still useful because striking in appearance
from the strongly contrasted colouring of its flowers. It is of
vigorous but rather tall-growing habit, of a hardy constitution, and
an abundant bloomer. Flowers blackish mulberry, with a large
wedge-shaped spot of white at the tip of each petal; the spotting
sometimes runs out, when for a time the flowers become self-
coloured.
11. Mulberry (Dean).

A dwarf-growing variety of compact but spreading habit, and
free-flowering. Flowers dark reddish plum purple, with very small
yellow eye; the flowers are well displayed. The first-class certifi-
cate of 1874 was confirmed.

12. Wovelty (Cocker & Son).
A showy variety, of free-growing habit, and growing rather tall.
Flowers reddish or pucy purple, with yellow eye; showy. A
pleasing variety amongst the self-coloured flowers.

MR. MOORE’S REPORT ON VIOLAS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 213

13. Peach Blossom (Dickson & Co.)

An attractive variety of close habit, and a free bloomer. The
flowers, which are of good form, are of a curious motley colour, a
reddish or pucy-lilac, paler at the tips. Its neutral tint was thought
likely to be useful in grouping.

(14, Princess of Teck (Dean).

A very free-growing variety, and a continuous bloomer. The
flowers are large, of good form, and of a pale bluish lilac. It is
quite novel in colour, somewhat approaching that of Lilacina,

15. Queen (Dickson & Co.)

A variety of free compact habit, an abundant bloomer, but rather
later than some others. Flower large, white, with yellow eye and
dark pencilled lines. The first-class certificate awarded in 1874
was confirmed. It is not, however, a lasting sort, as it was quite
out of bloom when inspected in July.

16, Queen of Lilacs (Dickson & Co.)

A variety of free bold habit, forming close vigorous tufts.
Flowers reddish lilac, paler at the edge, being freely produced; a
soft neutral colour, and useful for grouping. It was considered to
be novel and effective, and on these grounds received the certifi-

cate.
17. Royal Blue (Dean).

A deep purplish blue, with a dark eye. A showy and attractive
flower, of good quality, and lasting.

18 Sovereign (Dickson & Co.)

Of close-growing habit, dwarf, free, and prolific of blossoms,
Flowers moderate in size, of a bright deep golden yellow, witha
pencilled eye. Very effective, and a good lasting variety.

19. Lhe Tory (Dickson & Co.)

A variety of free and vigorous growth, blossoming abundantly
and continuously. Flowers large, deep bluish purple, with white
eye and a bilobed mulberry spot in front of it. Good throughout
the season. The first-class certificate awarded in 1874 was con-
firmed. Under the name of Monarch was grown a variety not dis-

tinguishable from this in the colour of its flowers.
Qa 2

214 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

20. White Swan (Dean).

A fine variety, of close tufted habit. Flowers of moderate size,
pure white, with pencilled eye, of good substance, and very clean
and chaste-lookine. Fine.

21. Williams (Stuart).

A free-blooming variety, raised from Viola cornuta fertilised by
True Blue, a dwarf Viola like Perfection. It is dwarf and spread-
ing in habit, the individual flowers being small, cornuta-like, and
of a light mauve colour. The plant is very effective from the great
number of its flowers, which are produced in succession till late in
the summer.

Second-Class Certificates.

22. Snowflake (Dickson & Co.)

A moderately vigorous sort, of free-flowering habit. Flowers
white, with a yellow eye marked by a few faint lines.

23. Tyrian Prince (Dean).

A handsome variety, awarded a first-class certificate last year,
but now ranked second-class; of free compact stout-growing
habit. Flowers large, dark velvety mulberry purple, with small
yellow eye.

A few of the sorts certificated in 1874 were passed over on this
occasion as not being in a satisfactory condition as to habit or conti-
nuity of bloom. To this category belong Imperial Blue Perfection,
Miss Maitland, Dickson’s King, and Chieftain.

Fucusras.

These were grown under glass, and consisted of young plants
shifted-on into moderate-sized but rather small pots. They were
examined just when they had reached their best condition as to

bloom.
The plants were contributed by Messrs. Veitch & Sons; Messrs.

F. & A. Smith ; Messrs. Downie & Co. ; Mr. G. Smith; Mr. Knight ;
Messrs. E. @. Henderson ; Mr. Bull; Mr. Kinghorn.

MR. MOORE’S REPORT ON FUCHSIAS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 215

First-Class Certificates.
§ 1. Whitish tube and sepal; red or purple corolla.

1. Annie (Veitch & Sons).

Of rather bold growth, but dwarf in habit. Flowers with short
blush tube ; reflexed flesh-coloured sepals; and large, open, car-
mine-red corolla. A free-flowering sort.

2. Brilliantissima (E. G. Henderson & Co.)

An erect-habited, rather vigorous-growing variety. Flowers
with a greenish white tube, reflexed sepals, and a dark crimson
corolla; very fine in colour, but rather small. Certificated on
account of the habit of the plant, which was excellent, in sy way
of the variety called Lustre, but superior to it.

3. Josephine (KE. G. Henderson & Son).

A variety of dwarf and stocky but rather vigorous growth.
Flowers with long blush tube and short reflexed sepals, and bright
rosy pink corolla.

4. Marginata.

Of free bushy habit, and a free bloomer. Flowers with short
blush-white tube and reflexed sepals, and a rosy tinted corolla with
crimson margin.

5. Schiller.

A finely-shaped, free-growing, bushy plant, of drooping habit.
Flowers with a blush tube and spreading sepals, and a purplish
corolla. The. flowers are larger and better than those of Rose of
Castile, which they resemble in colour. The habit is excellent,

6. Starlight (Veitch & Sons),

A free-growing and free-blooming variety of excellent habit.
Flowers large, with long white tubes and sepals, and long bright
rosy-lake corolla. One of the very best of the pale-coloured series.

7, Water Nymph (KE. G. Henderson & Son).

A dwarf free-growing, bushy-habited variety. Flowers with
blush tube and straight sepals and a crimson corolla, A very de-
sirable variety.

216. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ©
§ 2. Scarlet tube and white corolla.

8. Alexandrina (Veitch & Sons).

A slender, drooping, free-growing, and exceedingly bright and
attractive sort. Flowers with short bright red tube and reflexed
sepals, and a fine white corolla.

9. Urs. E. Bennett.

A free-blooming, free-growing, erect-habited variety. Flowers
with very short red tube and long spreading sepals, and a very large
spreading white corolla. Very distinct and fine.

The certificates already awarded to the following varieties in this
section were confirmed—namely, to Conspicua, Puritani, and Pur-
suit (singles), and to Enchantress (double).

§ 3. Scarlet tube and purple corolla.

10. Empress of Germany.

A variety of dwarf bushy habit, dense, free-flowering, and orna-
mental. Flowers with a short tube and reflexed sepals of a coral
red, and a large, spreading purple corolla.

11. Furst of the Day (E.G. Henderson and Son).

A variety of a dense, bushy, free-flowering habit. Flowers with a
short coral-red tube, small reflexed sepals, and a large bold purple
corolla.

12. LInimitable.

A variety of dwarf and free habit and ornamental character.
Flowers medium size, with a coral-red tube and spreading sepals,
and an expanded violet-purple corolla reddish at the base. It is
something in the way of Empress of Germany.

18. Wave of Life (KE. G. Henderson & Son).

A variety of weak and drooping but dense habit of growth.
Flowers with short tube, and broad reflexed sepals of a brilliant
coral-red, and a large, long, spreading, dark purple corolla.

In this group the certificates previously awarded to Commander
and to Noblesse were confirmed. .

MR. MOURE’S REPORT ON FUCHSIAS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 217

§ 4. Scarlet tube, double purple corolla.
14. Champion of the World (F. & A. Smith).

A. loose-habited variety with long weeping branches, and well
adapted for furnishing a pillar or rafter in a greenhouse. The
flowers are immensely large and full double; the tube and sepals
coral-red, the latter tipped with green ; the corolla purple, expand-
ing to nearly 23 inches in breadth. It is the largest-flowered of
all the double red Fuchsias.

15. Mr. Lyndoe.

A free-growing variety with very large flowers, of which the
sepals are erectly reflexed and of a pale red, and the corolla bold
but somewhat irregular, and of a deep purple.

16. Prince Leopold (Veitch & Sons).

In this variety the plant is of a bushy drooping habit and free.
Flowers with a short tube and reflexed sepals, and a dark purple
compact double corolla.

17. Triumphant (Veitch & Sons).

A variety of rather spreading growth and tolerably free-flower-
ing, altogether an exceedingly promising sort. Flowers with a
slender tube and erect palish red sepals; the large, full, dense
corolla of a rich deep purple. The individual flowers are exceed-
ingly fine and well-formed.

Of this group the variety named Marksman had the previous
certificate confirmed.

§ 5. Pink tube and purple corolla.

18. Hugh Miller (Veitch & Sons).

A variety of free and vigorous but bushy drooping habit, well
adapted for furnishing a pillar or rafter, being not only showy,
but distinct in character. Flowers large, with a long slender pink
tube and spreading green-tipped sepals, and a bold and spreading
purple corolla. A very effective ornamental variety.

§ 6. Variegated leaves.
19. Aucubefolia (EK. G. Henderson & Son).

A very ornamental variegated-leaved variety, having greater
merit from this point of view than from that of its flowers. The

218 ROYAL HORTICULIURAL SOCIETY.

leaves have a large creamy-white and conspicuous central blotch,
and when this variegation is well-marked the plant is very hand-
some; but it is a form of variegation very apt to run out unless
care is taken in the selection of cuttings. The flowers are freely
produced, and have a long red tube and sepals, the latter not being
spread out or reflexed. The certificate was given for the variega-
tion.

20. Sunray (G. Smith).

A beautifully variegated Fuchsia, the finest yet sent out, with
red variegated foliage, which is quite ornamental. The flowers
have red tube and sepals and a purple corolla. It was certificated
for its variegation.

Second-Class Certificates.

21. Albo-coccinea.

A variety of free-growing drooping habit, and adapted for a pillar
or rafter. The flowers have a red tube, white spreading sepals,
and a spreading purple corolla. It belongs to what is called the
fancy class, and is both distinct in character and gay in appearance.

The Rose of Castile had the second-class certificate, previously
awarded to it as a useful variety for decorative purposes, confirmed
on this occasion, being still regarded as useful for conservatory
work.

BEDDING PELARGONIUMS.

A very extensive collection of these indispensable flower garden
plants was arranged for comparison in the trial beds at Chiswick.
The collection extended to 350 varieties, which were contributed
by Mr. J. Fraser; Mr. G. Smith ; Mr. Charlton; Messrs. F. & A.
Smith; Mr. W. Paul; Mr. Tirebuck; Mr. Cannell; Dr. Denny;
Messrs. Carter & Co.; Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son; Messrs.
Downie, Laird & Laing ; Mr. T. Laxton; Mr. J. Pearson; Mr. W.
Bull; Messrs. Veitch & Sons; Mr. R. Dean; Mr. E. Bland; Mr.
Kneller ; Mr. H. Little; Mr. W. W. Burrell; Mr. F. Dodds; Mr.
G. George; Messrs. Low & Co.; Mr. Davie; Mr. J. King; Messrs.
Dickson & Co.; Mr. C. Turner; Mr. F. Miles ; Messrs. Garaway
& Co.; Mr. J. Salter; Messrs. Cocker and Son ; Mr. Hodgson; Mr,
Mews; Mr. Kinghorn; Mr. Porter; Mr. Chater; Mr. Barnett ;
Mr. Rawson; Mr. Orchard; Mr. Tillery; Mr. Evans; Mr. Grove ;
Mr. J. Ingle; Mr. Wimsett ; Mr. F. W. Durrent ; Messrs. Osborn

MR. MOORE’S REPORT ON PELARGONIOMS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 219

& Sons; Mr. Swarback; Mr. G. Acton; Mr. Sampson.; Mr. J.
Clark; Mr. H. Park; Mr. S. Davis; Messrs. J. & C. Lee ; Messrs.
Bell and Thorpe; Mr. Tipping; Mr. S. Ford. :

The following are the certificated varieties :—

First-Class Certificates.
§ 1. Scarlets.

1. Harry King (EK. G. Henderson & Son).

A showy variety of moderately vigorous habit, with zonate
leaves ; the flowers are of good shape, freely produced in moderate-
sized trusses of a bright scarlet, with a white eye,

2. Rosa Little (H. Little).

A dwarf-habited variety, the leaves having a vandyked zone ;
the flowers, of which both pip and truss are large and fine, are of a
rich deep solid scarlet colour, with a small white eye. The
flowers are well dispiayed, and of exquisite shape.

3. Tyrsal Rwal (Laing).

A dwarf compact-growing variety, the leaves of which are
marked with a dark zone; the flowers are large, of fine form, and
produced in tolerably full trusses, the colour being a rich scarlet
with small white eye. It is a fine zonal scarlet.

4. General Outram.

A variety of medium vigour, and of a spreading habit of growth.
The leaves are dark-zoned, and the flowers, which are borne in
large bold trusses, are of a rich deep scarlet, the individual pips
being of free shape and quality.

§ 2. Rosy-Crimsons or Cerises.

5. Caxton (Pearson).

A variety of moderately dense habit and of even growth. The
leaves are green without zones. The flowers are moderate-sized,
in rather small but dense trusses, and are of an intense rosy-
crimson and very effective.

220 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

6. Col. Wright (Pearson).

A fine, close-habited, and very showy variety, of medium vigour
of growth. The leaves are green, not zoned. The flowers, which
are freely produced in large trusses, are of a light rosy-scarlet, and
very showy. The flower-trusses are abundant, and hence very
effective, as well as from being whole-coloured, which gives them a
density and solidity which is absent from shaded flowers.

7. Mark Twain (F. Miles).

A dwarf-growing variety of spreading but compact habit, and a
free bloomer. The leaves have a dark zone, and the flowers are
large, in large trusses, and of a deep opaque scarlet. The individual
pips are fine, and hence the variety is an effective one.

8. Urs. J. George (W. Paul).

A variety of dwarf and. moderately vigorous habit. The leaves
have a broad faint zone. The flowers are produced in remarkably
fine trusses, and are individually of good size and possess form as
well as quality, the colour being a pale scarlet.

§ 3. Pinks.
9. Lady Emily (Pearson).

A dwarf-growing vigorous variety of spreading habit, with pale
green leaves. The flowers are of a bright deep pink, white at the
base of the upper petals, the pips being large, and the trusses fine.

10. Lucy (Pearson).

A variety of tolerably compact habit, and a free bloomer. The
flowers are of a fine rose-pink, and are borne in medium-sized

trusses.
11. Mrs. Augusta Miles (Pearson).

A compact-growing variety of moderate vigour, with green
leaves of medium size. The flowers are borne profusely in trusses
of moderate size, of a deep bright pink with white eye, which
makes them very attractive.

12. Mrs. Holden (Pearson). —

A variety of compact even growth, producing its medium-sized

MR. MOORE’S REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK. 221

trusses of blossom in profusion. The flowers are of a bright pink
colour and remarkably showy.

§ 4. Bronze Zonals,

13. Rev. C. P. Peach (Laing).

A showy variety of dense compact even growth, with large leaves
of a greenish yellow colour, marked by a broad deep copper-
coloured zone. Flowers light scarlet.

14. W. E. Gumbleton (Laing).

A variety of compact growth. The leaves greenish yellow, with
a broad zone of a dark bronze colour, and a narrow yellow-green
border. Flowers scarlet.

§ 5. Gold-leaved.

15. Golden Harry Hieover (KE. G. Henderson & Son).

A variety of dwarf, spreading, free-growing habit. The leaves
are golden green, with a narrow vandyked zone of dark bronze and
broad golden edge, very showy. Flowers scarlet. A very desirable
variety.

§ 6. Ivy-leaved.

16. Gem of the Season (S. Ford).

A variety of free rambling growth, with green Ivy-like leaves,
and abundant flowers of large size and a pale rosy-pink colour.
The flowers are very freely produced, but do not stand well; it
will nevertheless be useful for baskets.

17. Argus (G. Smith).

A variety of moderately free growth, with green Ivy-like leaves
slightly marked with brown. The flowers are of a deep rosy-pink
with dark spots on the upper petals, and are of a tolerably good ~
shape.

It is proposed, amongst the other trials of 1876, to grow all the
Ivy-leaved varieties obtainable, and which are now rather nu-
merous, as pot plants, since they are an extremely interesting
group, and are more useful under glass than in the flower borders.

922 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

XL. Report on Potatoes grown at Chiswick in 1875 under the
direction of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee.

Tue trial of the past season was limited in extent, being confined
to the newer varieties and those not previously proved or described
by the Society. A good many of the older varieties were grown
alongside for comparison.

They were planted early in March in the usual manner, the
Kidney varieties being planted whole, and the larger of the Round
ones being cut. They grew well during the entire season, but
the great dryness induced many varieties to continue growing
late instead of ripening, and to supertuberate. There was scarcely
a trace of disease seen whilst they were growing, but shortly after
storing many varieties were badly attacked, about one-half of the
whole being found diseased, some varieties, as usual, being quite
free.

The following is a list of donors of Potatoes for trial :—Amies,
W.S., Islington; Carter & Co., High Holborn ; Cattel, J., Wester-
ham ; Cox, J., Redleaf, Kent; Dancer, F. N., Little Sutton, Chis-
wick; Donaldson, J., Keithhall, Inverury; Farquhar, R., Fyvie
Castle, Aberdeen; Fenn, R., The Rectory, Woodstock ; Froud, J.
J., Stretton Bury, Leominster; Hardy, H. J. H., Bures, Essex ;
Harrison & Sons, Leicester ; Hewson, Wm., The Nursery, Redhill,
Surrey ; Kopsel, A.,Cothen, Germany ; Lye, J., Clyffe Hall, Market
Lavington ; Lyford, J., Lamport Hall, Northampton ; Marshall,
Wm., Uckfield ; Morris, E., The Fern Park, Almondsbury ; Minier,
Nash, & Nash, 60, Strand; Miller, G., Dalkeith ; Porter, W., Old-
Meldrum, N.B.; Styles, W. Goodrich, Ross, Herefordshire. Stone,
J., 7, Wickham Road, Lewisham Road, 8.E.; Tanton, R., Epsom ;
Tantum, W., Fenagh House, Ireland; Turner, C., Slough; Veitch
& Sons, Chelsea; Vilmorin et Cie, Paris.

Series 1. Skriv WHITE oR STRAW-COLOURED.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.

1. Cavendish Kidney (Dancer).

This is the same as the true Ashleaf Kidney. For description
see Report of 18738.

2. Parish Clerk (Fenn).
A fine early garden varicty of the Kentish Ashleaf type.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1875. 223

3. Eliza Mary (Fenn).

Of slender growth; tuber small and flattish, A very early
variety for frame or early border.

4, Mayor of Woodstock (Fenn).

Haulm moderately strong; of the Ashleaf type. Tuber of medium
size; fine even form. Of early and excellent quality.

5. Bob-o-Day (Fenn).

A very early and fine form of Ashleaf, suitable for early border
or frame culture.

6. W. F. Radclyffe (Fenn).

Of strong growth (Ashleaf type). Tuber of medium size, a
short kidney. Very early and of fine quality.

7. Peter Barr (Fenn).

A slender-growing, short kidney, very early. For frame or
early border culture.

8. Lamport Kidney (Lyford).
A very fine form of the Kentish Ashleaf. See Report, 1873.

9. Minier’s Perfection (Minier).

Haulm of fine free growth, about 18 inches high ; foliage broad,
pale green. Flowers pale, pinkish. Tuber long, slender, tapering,
kidney-shaped, of even, regular form ; eyes few, mostly situate on
the crown; skin a little rough, very pale straw; flesh white,
firm, and of good quality. A great cropper. Early. A very
distinct sort.

10. St. Hélene (Vilmorin).

Haulm like the Ashleaf. Tubers of medium size, of very fine,
even form; eyes nearly level with the surface; skin smooth,
pale straw ; flesh pale. A goodcropper. Fine quality. A very
fine early Potato.

11. Potato the First (Vilmorin).

Haulm resembling the Kentish Ashleaf. Tubers long and
slender, kidney-shaped ; skin rough, pale straw. An early sort
and a good cropper, but too small.

224 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

12. Premier (Tanton).

This is the same as the Lapstone.
13. Ke vystone Kidney.

Haulm moderately robust, 2 feet 6 inches in length; stem
pale green; leaves large, broad, pale green. Flowers lilac.
Tuber medium size, of long tapering form, with a broad flattened
crown, where the eyes are mostly situate; skin smooth; flesh
yellow, rather close. Second early. A good cropper.

14. Lyford’s Conqueror (Lyford).

Haulm moderately robust, from 2 to 3 feet long, in appearance
like the Regent’s. Flowers dark ‘purple, berry-bearing. Tuber
of medium size, long, kidney-shape, but irregular ; eyes numerous,
on raised knobs; skin smooth; flesh pale yellow, like the Lap-
stone. Second early.

15. Prince Arthur (Veitch).

Haulm robust, erect, from 24 to 3 feet high; stem slightly
coloured; leaves dark green. Flowers produced freely, pale
pinkish. Tuber of medium size, long, flattish kidney-shaped, but
somewhat irregular; eyes large, wide; skin pale straw, a little
rough; flesh pale, firm, solid. A secondearly. Quality excellent.
First-class Certificate.

§ 2. Half-long. |
16, Alpha.

This is now the adopted name given to Dwarf White (Bliss &
Son). It is the earliest of Potatoes. For description see Report
1874.

17. Cottar’s Helpmate (Fenn).

Haulm of moderate growth. Tubers medium size, half-long,
rounded, the end blunt; eyes rather sunken at the crown and on
raised knobs; skin pale straw, a little rough; flesh white, solid,
and of fair quality. Second early.

18. Seedling (Moriss).

Haulm robust, growing about 18 inches in height; stem pale
green; leaves broad, pale, greatly resembling the Ashleaf. Tubers
of medium size, half-long, flattened ; eyes small, rather sunken at

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1875. 225

the crown; skin rough netted, straw-coloured ; flesh white, firm
and solid, of fine quality.

19. Breadfruit (Carter).

This is a good selection of Bressee’s Prolific. For description see
Report 1873.

20. Rough Skin Wiute Rose (Kopel).
This was a selection from the American Rose, and is the same as
Bressee’s Prolific, one of the best of the American Potatoes.
21. Wyville Seedling (Dell).

This, in habit of growth, &c., has a strong resemblance to
Bressee’s Prolific or Snowflake, but is more robust. Tubers large,
long, flattened, yet frequently rounded, very handsome in shape and
form ; eyes small, almost level with the surface; skin pale straw,
rough, greatly resembling Snowflake ; flesh white, floury, and of
excellent quality. Second early. Excellent. A supposed cross
between the Regent and Lapstone Kidney.

22. Lamport Perfection.
Same as Victoria.

23. Lamport Gem.
Very similar to Victoria, but inferior.
24. Seedling (Styles).
Very similar to Victoria. Tubers smooth. Flowers white.
25. Seedling (Henson),
Similar to Paterson’s Victoria, but is stated to keep better. For

description see Report 1873.

§ 3. Round.

26. Schoolmaster (Turner).

Haulm of free compact vigorous growth, height from 2 to 24
feet; stem pale green; leaves large, broad, pale green, greatly re-
sembling some of the American varieties. Tubers large, round, of
even and regular form, and even surface; eyes small, almost level
with surface; skin pale straw, very rough like a good Regent ;

226 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

flesh white, solid, of fine floury character when cooked. A most
abundant cropper. Second early. Raised by Mr. Bennett. A
first-class Potato. It was awarded a First-class Certificate.

27. Excelsior (Porter).

Haulm of moderate growth, growing about 2 feet high; stem
pale green ; leaves medium pale. Tubers medium sized, roundish,
flattened, uf very even form, very handsome ; eyes few and small;
skin pale straw, alittle rough ; flesh pale, somewhat waxy. Second
early. A very handsome Potato, and a selection from Early
Handsworth.

28. Kilgour’s Early.

A good selection of Regent.

29. Annat Potato (Miller).
A well-selected stock of Regents.

30. Pink-eyed Buff (Lye).

Haulm gross, growing about 24 feet long; leaves small and
much crumpled, of very distinct appearance. Tubers round, of
fine regular form; eyes full, small, of a deep pink colour; skin
rough, pale straw; flesh firm, pale, and of good quality. A very
handsome Potato. Keeps late.

Series IT. Sxry Rep.
§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.
31. Lamport Rose (Lyford).

Haulm somewhat slender, spreading ; stem pale tinged with red,
height from 2 to 3 feet; leaves small. Tubers of medium size, of
long true kidney-shape, finely formed; eyes very shallow; skin
rough, pale straw, and pinkish-red at the crown; flesh yellow.
A fine showy and distinct sort.

32. Pink Gem (Lyford).

Haulm of strong robust growth, growing to about 2 feet in
length ; leaves broad pale green. Tubers long, cylindrical, and
somewhat tapering, covered with large deep sunken eyes; skin
rough, dull red; flesh white, firm. A very coarse-looking Potato.
Keeps late.

REPORT ON POTATOES GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1875. 227

38. Hardy's Glory (Hardy).

Similar to American Rose.

§ 2. Round.
34. Red Regent (Amies).

Similar in all respects to the common white Regent, except in

having the skin red. The flesh is white.
35. Potato (J. Cox).

This resembles the Red Regent, but the flesh is yellow and

much inferior in quality.
36. Potato (Mrs. Marshall).

The same as Rufus. See Report 1874. Haulm of very robust

growth ; flesh yellow. Inferior.
37. Seedling (Tantum).

Haulm of moderate growth, erect, about 2 feet long, similar to
Paterson’s Victoria. Tubers large and coarse, roundish, flattened,
and very irregular; eyes very deeply sunken ; skin smooth, of a
pale pink colour, deeper round the eye; flesh pale yellow, close.
A late and very coarse Potato.

38. Lamport Pink Flourball.
Same as the Red Flourball.

Series III. Sxin Purpre or Buve.

§ 1. Long or Kidney-shaped.
39. Lyford’s Black Hero.

Haulm of medium growth; stem purplish, about 23 feet long ;
leaves pale green. Fiowers purplish. Tubers long, of round,
cylindrical shape, covered all over with deep sunken eyes; skin
rough, deep purplish ; flesh white, very firm and solid. Quality
good.

§ 2. Round.
40. Round Blue (Lye).

Haulm of moderate vigour. Flowers bright purple. Tubers
rather small, perfectly round like a ball; eyes very small; skin

R

228 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

exceedingly rough, of a dark purplish red; flesh yellow, very hard
and firm, A very distinct pretty sort, but too small.

41. Seedling (Froud).

Haulm long, straggling, from 3 to 4 feet long ; leaves very small,
dark green. Flowers rosy purple. Tubers of medium size, round,
flattened; eyes deep; skin smooth, dark reddish purple, some
tubers having splashes of white round the eyes; flesh white. A
late sort and distinct.

XLI.—Report on Autumn-sown Onions Grown at Chiswick for
Trial by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society. 1876.

In 1875, when the general trial of Onions was resolved upon, it
was deemed desirable that the entire collection should be submitted
to two separate trials of spring-sowing and autumn-sowing.

A report has been published on those varieties which have suc-
ceeded well as spring-sown, the present report is supplementary to
it, the varieties being autumn-sown.

It was proved last year that many varieties of Onions were
entirely unsuited for cultivation, and worthless as spring-sown—
to wit, the Lisbon, most of the Silver-skinned section (except for
pickling purposes), and the Tripoli or Italian varieties, which
seldom ripen. It may now be noted that all those varieties which
succeed well as spring-sown, viz., the White Spanish, White
Globe, Brown Globe, Yellow Danvers, the Red varieties, &c., are
all equally good as autumn-sown. All Onions are all equally
hardy and able to withstand the winter, and about the same pro-
portion of each variety runs to seed.

The Silver-skinned varieties aye especially valuable for autumn-
sowing because of their early bulbing properties for spring salading,
and the Tripoli or Italian section, through having a longer season,
grow larger and ripen more perfectly.

1. Queen.

Synonym.— Piccirillo’s New Queen.
This is a very small and very early variety of the Silver-skinned
_ section. It forms bulbs almost as quickly as a Radish, is of about

REPORT ON ONIONS GROWN FOR TRIAL AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 229

the same size, and has rarely more than two or three leaves. The
bulbs are roundish, very firm and solid, and keep well; the skin
thin, silvery white. This is the same as the Nocera as introduced
from Italy about thirty years ago, and the Florence White of
earlier dates; very liable to deterioration. A very valuable
variety for sowing thickly in autumn for early salading or pickling.
First-class Certificate.
2. Early White Naples.

Synonyms.— White Extra-early Nocera (Vilmorin); Early No-
cera; New Queen (of some) ; Neapolitan Marzajola (of some).

This is a large form of the Queen, with the same general charac-
teristics, and the one most generally to be met with. It is very
excellent for sowing in autumn for spring salading, forming nice
little bulbs very early. :

3. Paris Silver-skin.

Synonyms.—Nocera Early White (Nutting); White Early Silver-
skinned Pickling (Vilmorin).

This is very similar to Karly White Naples, but does not form
bulbs so early. The bulbs when fully grown are from 7 to 8
inches in circumference, roundish, white.

4. Silver-skin (Nutting).

Synonyms. —White Round Early Hard Dutch; Silver-skin
(Veitch); Early White Silver-skin (Benary).

This cannot be distinguished from the Paris Silver-skin, excepting
that the larger bulbs ripen well and keep sound for a greater
part of the winter. It is useful where White Onions are pre-
ferred. The great use of all these Silver-skinned Onions is for
pickling purposes.

5. Lisbon.

This variety, sown in spring, seldom forms any bulbs but grows
late. Sown in autumn, it is in all respects merely a bad stock of
the Silver-skin.

6. Giant White Tripoli.

Synonyms.—Tripoli White Italian (Barr); Large Barly Italian
Tripoli (Sutton); Early White Tripoli of France; Tripoli New
Early White (Carter); Piccirillo’s Marzajola; ee Late White’
Italian; Early Marzajola; Neapolitan White Marzajola shia: :
White Balin Tripoli.

R 2

230 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Plant of strong robust growth; bulbs large or above medium
size, roundish, flattened, with an irregular base, 11 to 12
inehes in circumference, 2 inches deep. The skin is silvery white,
flesh greenish white, the coatings thick and fleshy and somewhat
soft. A fine variety for early autumn use, but soon begins to
decay after ripening.

7. Globe Tripoli.

Synonyms.—Giant Late Red Italian; Large Early Red Italian
Tripoli; Red Italian Tripoli of Naples; Naples Giant Red Tri-
poli; Large Round Giant Madeira; Madeira Largest Globe; Tripoli
Red Mammoth.

Plant of strong robust growth; bulb very large, roundish,
globular, with a thick neck, from 14 to 18 inches in cireumference
and 3 to 4 inches in depth. The skin is of a dull reddish brown,
and peels off freely, the coating purplish red, thick, with white
flesh, soft, mild, and excellent quality. An excellent Onion for
autumn-sowing, and good for autumn and early-winter use. Nota
good keeper.

8. Large Red Round Sallon.

Bulb very large like the Globe Tripoli, but having a darker and
more reddish skin and of a somewhat firmer texture.

9. Naples Giant Rocca.

Synonym.— Giant Rocca.

Plant of strong robust growth; bulb large, roundish, and
regular, with a fine neck, from 14 to 18 inches in circumference.
The skin yellowish brown, almost like the Brown Globe, and peels
off cleanly, the coatings purplish red, the flesh thick, white, soft, of
mild and excellent quality. This resembles the Globe Tripoli, but
is of a finer habit and of a paler colour. The bulbs also ripen
better and keep well. A desirable sort.

10. Flat Tripoli.

Synonyms.—Madeira Largest Flat; Flat Madeira Tripoli; Red
Flat Genoa.

Plant of gross growth; bulb large, roundish, flattened, with a
thick neck, from 14 to 18 inches in circumference and 2% to 3
inches deep. Skin brownish red, flesh reddish, thick, soft, of mild
and excellent quality. Soon begins to decay after storing. This

REPORT ON CAULIFLOWERS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 231

is simply a more flattened form of the Globe Tripoli, the two
varieties often being mixed.

11. Red Italian Tripoli of Genoa.

Synonyms.—Large Red Flat Italian; Flat Italian Tripoli; Red
Italian Tripoli of France.

This variety is very similar to the Flat Tripoli, the skin of a
much darker red colour, the bulb firmer, and keeps better.

12. Trebons.

Plant of free growth but somewhat tender, succeeding best in a
warm season. Neck somewhat coarse. The bulbs are of very
large size, about 15 inches in circumference, and from 3 to
34 inches in depth. The shape is obovate, the base somewhat
broad and flat, whilst the top tapers more to the stalk or neck.
The skin is pale straw, and peels off readily, like that of the White
Spanish. The flesh is pale and rather soft, but of mild and excel-
lent quality. This is par excellence the finest and most beautiful
variety for autumn-sowing. The bulbs attain a large size early,
ripen off well, and keep in good condition until after Christmas.
Bears a close resemblance to the imported Spanish Onions. Fvrst-
class Certificate.

XLII.—Report on Cauliflowers Grown for Trial at Chiswick. By
the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society.
1876.

Tux seed for the purposes of this trial was presented by Messrs.
Barr & Sugden; Benary; Carter & Co. ; Dean; Harrison & Sons;
Minier & Co.; Stuart & Mein; Radclyffe & Co.; Vilmorin & Cie. ;
Veitch ; Wheeler & Sons.

They were sown about the middle of September, wintered in
cold frames, and planted out early in March. The first heads of
Early Erfurt were fit to cut on the 20th of June, The season was
somewhat hot and dry in general, but sufficient good examples were
secured to determine their characters.

A second sowing of all the varieties was made in March, but the

232 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

great heat rendered this a failure, excepting in regard to the late
autumn varieties.

In all 93 samples were sown, representing 31 reputed distinct
varieties, which the Committee have reduced to the following :—

1. Extra Earliest Paris.

This is the earliest variety, but of little value otherwise. It is
useful for growing in frames, for a very early supply, where it
produces small white heads of good quality. Grown in the open
ground the heads attain a fair size, but have a frothy appearance,
and are of little use.

| 2. Erfurt.

Synonyms.—Dwarf Early Erfurt; Dean’s Early Snowball; Er-
furt Dwarf Mammoth; Erfurt Dwarf; Frogmore Forcing; Dwarf
Mammoth ; Italian Early Giant Autumnal.

Plant of dwarf compact growth, with scarcely any stems;
leaves of a pale glaucous green, short, broad, flat, rounded, with
even edges; heads exposed, from 4 to 6 inches in diameter,
roundish or somewhat flattened, very close, solid, and of a pure
white colour, changing as they open toa purplish tinge. <A very
excellent variety, producing large heads very early, and in a,small
space, suitable for the earliest supply, or for sowing late in spring
for early autumn use.

3. Erfurt, very Dwarf, First Quality.

This is purely a very fine selection of the Erfurt, a little earlier

and smaller.
4. Large Erfurt.

A large and somewhat later form of the Erfurt.

5. Early London.

Synonyms.—Half Early White French; Early Dutch; First
Quality Early.

Plant of medium somewhat penal growth ; leaves from 18
to 24 inches long, somewhat pointed and cockled, of a pale glau-
cous green colour; heads slightly protected, from 4 to 6 inches in
diameter, slightly conical in form, and surface uneven, very close
and solid, of a pale creamy-white colour. This is from three to
four days later than the Erfurt, the plant of larger, stronger
growth, and the heads of coarser grain. A very excelleng sort for
general use.

REPORT ON CAULIFLOWERS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 2383

6. Half Karly Paris.

Synonyms.—Half Early Lemaitre ; Covent Garden Early London
‘(of some).

Plant of a dwarf sturdy appearance ; leaves about 20 inches in
length, spreading, much cockled, and uneven, divided at the base,
of a dark green colour; heads exposed, from 4 to 6 inches in
diameter, flat, coarse-grained, and uneven, of a pale sulphur colour.
Fit for use the same time as the Early London, but much inferior
to that variety.

7. Late Paris.

A later form of Half Early Paris, coarse and inferior.

8. Watcheren.

Synonyms.—Stadtholder ; Knickerbocker; Autumn Giant; Late
Asiatic; Large Late; Hertfordshire Dwarf.

Plant of medium growth, similar in habit and appearance to
Early London; leaves ‘ong, pale glaucous green ; heads large, 4
to 8 inches in diameter, generally well protected ; the young leaves
forming a sort of twist over them, roundish in shape, the surface
uneven, the grains very close, firm, and solid, of a creamy-white
colour. Sown at the same time this comes into use about a week
later than the Erfurt. It is excellent for sowing in spring for
autumn use.

9. Lenormand’s.

Synonyms.—Lenormand’s Extra Large; Lenormand’s Short
Stem.

Plant of dwarf habit ; stem very short; leaves long, large, broad,
somewhat pointed, of a bright fresh green colour, very distinct ;
heads large, from 4 to 8 inches in diameter, slightly protected,
rounded in form, even surface, very firm, close, and solid, of a very
clear creamy-white colour. A very excellent variety, with an ex-
ceedingly clear, fresh appearance, and withstands the dry weather
well, succeeds the Walcheren a few days, fine for summer use.
Some stocks of this are very inferior.

10. Vevtch’s Autumn.

Synonyms.—Algiers ; Late Giant Frankfort.

Plant large, of strong robust growth; leaves long, of somewhat
erect growth, of a deep green colour, with a heavy bluish bloom ;
heads very large, but slightly protected, almost globular in shape

234 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

from 9 to 12 inches in diameter, very firm and solid, of a creamy-
white colour. A large and splendid Cauliflower, comes into use in
the months of September, October, and November, requires to be
sown in spring. Is valueless as a summer sort. |

11. Veitch’s Late.

This is a later form of Veitch’s Autumn Giant.

XLIII.—Report on Some of the Newer Varieties of Zonal Pelar- |
goniums, Grown in Pots under Glass for Trial by the Floral
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick.
1876.

Many of the newer varieties of the Pelargonium being better
adapted for growing under glass than in the open ground, it was
decided by the Committee to try all the newly-received varieties in
pots the first season, and if worthy, to try them in the open ground
as bedding varieties the succeeding year.

The splendid collection of Zonal Pelargoniums, which formed
so conspicuous and instructive a feature in the houses during the
the summer and autumn months, was due in great measure to the
numerous new varieties contributed by the Continental as well as
English raisers in response to the invitation of the Pelargonium
Society. 7

The novelties were grown side by side and in conjunction with
the most approved of the older sorts, for the sake of comparing and
testing their qualities.

The large and interesting collection of the new class of Double
varieties was due principally to the contributions of Continental
raisers, from whom this useful form of decorative plant may be said
to have emanated.

The collection, comprising about 200 named sorts, was received
from Dr. Denny; Messrs, Carter & Co. ; Cocker & Son; Dickson
& Co.; Dodds; King; Lemoine; Laing; Pearson; Paul; Rollison

& Sons ; Rawson ; Smith ; Turner ; Tipping ; Veitch & Sons ; Webb ;
Wells.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 235

They were mostly grown in nine-inch pots, commenced to flower
in the beginning of July, and continued to flower successionaily to
the end of October, and later, a period of over four months. No
trial could have been more satisfactory ; the plants grew well and
flowered profusely, so that ample opportunity was allowed of com-
paring and testing their respective merits.

As pot plants for the decoration of the conservatory during the
late autumn months, there is no plant so valuable as the Zonal
Pelargonium. The varieties brought out during the past season
are in decided advance of former years’ productions.

The classification adopted is according to the colour of the
flowers, and is as follows :—

1. Scarlet. 10. Magenta.

2. Scarlet with white eye. 11. Cerise.

3. Pale orange-scarlet. 12. Rosy-cerise.

4. Scarlet shaded magenta, 18. Rose-pink.
with white eye. 14. Magenta-rose.

5. Magenta-scarlet. 15. Pale magenta-pink.

6. Rosy-scarlet. 16. Light salmon.

-7. Crimson-scarlet. 17. Mottled salmon.

8. Crimson-scarlet shaded 18. Dark salmon.
with magenta. 19. Oculate.

9. Light magenta. 20. White.

The varieties certificated are marked with three asterisks thus :—
BRK

A selected list is given of the varieties most suitable for pot
culture. The numbers refer to the number in the Report.

The raisers’ names are given in brackets where known.

I. Flowers ‘Scarlet:

1. Sir John Moore (Denny). Plant of loose spreading habit ;
free flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers of fine form,
medium-sized, bright scarlet.

2. Moxham (Denny). Plant of tall, straggling habit ; shy flower-
ing; trusses medium sized; flowers large, of fine form, bright
scarlet.

3. John West *** (Pearson). Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves
zonate ; very free flowering ; trusses large, well displayed ;

236

10.

11.
12.

13.

14,

15.

16,
17.
18.
19.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

flowers large and of fine form, bright scarlet. A very showy
variety.

. Pirate. Plant of tall, vigorous growth; free flowering ; trusses

large; flowers large, the petals reflexed, bright scarlet.

. Chancellor (George). Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves plain

green; free flowering; trusses small; flowers large and of
tine form, bright scarlet.

. The Spencer. Plant of vigorous growth; leaves zonate ; very

free flowering ; trusses large; flowers large, bright scarlet.

- Tom Taylor (King). Plant of fine compact habit; leaves

zonate; very free flowering ; trusses small; flowers large,
of fine form, bright scarlet.

. A. Henderson. Plant of tall-growing, vigorous habit; leaves

plain green ; very free flowering ; trusses large and full ; flowers
large, bright scarlet. A semi-nosegay variety.

. Shakespeare (Denny). Plant of spreading habit; leaves zonate ;

very free flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers large and
of good form, bright scarlet.
Aineas (Denny). Plant of dwarf compact habit ; free flower-
ing; trusses medium sized; flowers large and of fine sie
bright scarlet. A very pina variety.

Ophelia (Denny). In the way of Moxham, but free faye
Verona (Denny). Plant of tall-growing habit ; leaves zonate ;
very free flowering; truss large; flowers large, with Every
small white eye, bright scarlet.

Lancelot (Denny). Very similar to Verona.

Il. Flowers Scarlet with White Hye.

A. F. Barron *** (George). Plant of dwarf compact habit ;
leaves slightly zonate; very free flowering ; trusses large ;
flowers large, of splendid form, bright scarlet, with a very
distinct white eye, rendering it very effective.

Excelsior (Denny) ***, Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves
zonate ; very free flowering; trusses large; flowers large, of
good form, bright scarlet, with distinct white eye. (rood.

A starte (Denny).
none (Denny). Lan very similar to Lxzcelsior.

Eros (Denny).

The General (Paul). Plant of tall, vigorous growth; leaves
zonate; free flowering; trusses medium sized; flowers

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

29.

26.

27.

28.
29.

30.

31.

32

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 267: :

medium sized, of good form, bright scarlet, with large white
eye.

Achilles (Postans). Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves dark
green, with distinct zone; very free flowering ; trusses medium
sized; flowers medium sized, bright scarlet, with distinct
white eye.

De Lesseps. Very similar to Achilles, but haying a darker-
zoned leaf.

Lows Blane. Plant of tall, vigorous growth ; free flowering ;
leaves zonate; trusses large and full; flowers large, of fine
round form, bright scarlet, with white eye.

Mrs. Whiteley (Pearson). Plant of fine dwarf habit, free
flowering; leaves zonate; trusses medium sized; flowers
very large, of fine form, bright scarlet, with white eye.

Rosa Little (Little). Plant of tall, vigorous habit; leaves
zonate ; free flowering; trusses medium sized ; flowers large,
of good form, with very small white eye.

III. Flowers Pure Orange-Scarlet.

John Gibbons (Pearson). Plant of tall-growing, vigorous
habit; leaves plain green; very free flowering; trusses very
large; flowers large, of fine form, bright orange-scarlet.
Malcolm (George). Similar to John Gibbons, but with the
petals narrower.

Brutus (Pearson). Similar to Malcom.

Inspector Coqueron. An inferior variety.

Mark Twain (Miles). Plant of vigorous growth; foliage dark
green, zonate; free flowering; trusses large; flowers large,
orange-scarlet, of the nosegay section.

Drapeau Francais. Plant of tall, strong growth ; leaves zonate ;
free flowering; trusses very large ; loose flowers large, petals
narrow, orange-scarlet, of the nosegay section.

Wilhelm Pitzer. Similar to Mark Twain, having smaller
pips, and flowers not so well formed. Belongs to the nose-
gay section.

IV. Orange-Scarlet, Magenta-shaded, White Eye.

Earl Manwers (Pearson). Plant of fine dwarf compact habit ;

238

38.

o4,
30.
36.

37.

38.

39.
40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

leaves plain green; very free flowering; trussés large, well
displayed ; flowers large, of fine form, petals somewhat re-
flexed, orange-scarlet shaded with magenta, distinct white
eye. |

Mrs. Leacroft (Pearson). Plant of dwarf habit; leaves plain
green ; frec flowering; trusses small; flowers rather small,
pale orange-scarlet shaded with magenta, white eye.

Diana (Denny). Similar to Jlrs. Leacroft.

Dr. Koch. Like Mrs. Leacroft. Leaves zonate.

Laura (Pearson). Like Diana. Leaves zonate.

V. Flowers Magenta-Scarlet.

Alonzo (Denny). Plant of good habit; free flowering ;
trusses rather thin; flowers large; broad, of fine form;
lower petals magenta-scarlet, with a shade of plum colour ;
upper petals shading to crimson, with large white eye. The
flowers of this variety improve as the season advances. A
splendid variety.

Mary Pearson *** (Pearson). Plant of dwarf-spreading habit ;
leaves zonate ; very free flowering ; trusses large, well thrown
above the foliage; flowers large, clear white throat, nearly
round, petals broad, nearly uniform magenta-scarlet. A
splendid flower.

Captain Holden (Pearson). Like Mary Pearson, but having
more of the magenta shade ; fine truss.

Louisa Smith (Pearson). Fully more rosy coloured than Mary
Pearson. ,

Mrs. Huish *** (Pearson). Plant of free good habit; leaves
plain green; very free flowering; trusses large, well dis-
played ; flowers medium sized, the petals narrow, of a nearly
uniform magenta-scarlet. A semi-nosegay variety.

Minerva (Denny). Plant of vigorous growth ; leaves zonate ;
free flowering ; trusses small, compact; flowers small, petals
reflexed, of a nearly uniform magenta-scarlet.

Crimson King. A. very inferior variety.

John Fellowes (Pearson). Spreading habit; flowers large,
uniform magenta-scarlet ; semi-nosegay.

Mrs. W. Brown (Pearson). Plant of vigorous free-spreading
habit, and free flowering; trusses large, well displayed;
flowers large, of fine regular form, petals broad, reflexed, the

46.

47.

48.

49,

50.

ol.

52.
oo.
o4,

30.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 239

lower petals magenta with scarlet edging, the top petals
scarlet ; fine large white eye.

Portia (Denny). Flower of fine round form, uniform dark
magenta-scarlet.

Hebe (Denny). Similar to Portia.

Frederick William (Pearson). Plant of very compact habit;
leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses large, well dis-
played ; flowers medium sized, dark magenta-scarlet.
Sheendale Nosegay (Tipping). Plant of loose straggling habit ;
free flowering ; trusses large; flowers large, the petals nar-
row, magenta-scarlet. A semi-nosegay variety.

Mrs. Turner *** (Dickson & Co.). Plant of strong growth ;
leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses large, erect;
flowers small, the petals narrow; uniform dark magenta-
scarlet shade. A semi-nosegay variety.

Inttle Car (Pearson). Smaller flower, but very like Mrs.
Turner.

Athos (Pearson). Like Mrs. Turner.

Caxton (Pearson), Like Mrs. Turner.

The Moor (George). Plant of somewhat loose habit; leaves
very slightly zoned; free flowering; trusses large; flowers
large, magenta-scarlet shaded with orange on top petals. A
semi-nosegay variety.

Salathiel *** (Denny). Plant of compact growth; free
flowering; trusses large; flowers large, finely formed, ma-
genta-scarlet.

Alsace (Lemoine). Plant of vigorous growth; trusses large ;
flowers large, petals narrow, dark magenta-scarlet. A semi-
nosegay variety.

John Watson (Pearson). Plant of strong vigorous growth;
leaves dark green, slightly zonate; free flowering; trusses
large, well displayed; flowers large, the petals narrow,
magenta-scarlet shaded with orange. A semi-nosegay.
Chancellor (George). .A strong growing variety ; leaves plain
green; free flowering; trusses large; flowers large, with
small white eye, magenta-scarlet, top petals shaded with
orange.

Othello (Denny). An inferior variety.

VIL Flowers Rosy- Scarlet.
Lord Zetland *** (Pearson). Plant of compact bushy habit;

240

61.

62,
63.
64.
65.

66.

Gi.

68.

69.

10.

77.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

leaves zonate; free flowering; trusses large, erect; flowers
large, of fine form, rosy-scarlet. A very showy variety.
Lady Stanhope (Pearson). Plant of free compact growth 5
leaves slightly zoned; very free flowering; trusses large,
well thrown above the foliage ; flowers large, rosy-scarlet.
Col. Wright (Pearson). ) These three very much resemble Lord
Rev. S. Hey (Pein) 4 Zetland, but are of rather stronger
Wordsworth (Pearson).) growth.

Pride of Kent. Like Lady Stanhope, but as regards size and
form of flower very inferior.

Jago (Denny). Plant of vigorous growth; leaves zonate; free
flowering; trusses small; flowers large, of fine form, rosy-
scarlet.

Velocipede. Inferior.

Leon Mongeuot. Inferior.

VIL. Flowers Crimson-Scarlet.

Charles Smith *** (Pearson). Plant of free vigorous growth;
leaves plain green ; free flowering; trusses very large; flowers
large, crimson-scarlet, petals short and broad, upper petals
dashed with crimson. A splendid variety.

David Thomson (Pearson). Plant of free compact habit; leaves
plain green; free flowering; trusses large ; flowers large, of
fine form, crimson-scarlet, white eye.

. Rev A. Atkinson (Pearson). Plant of vigorous habit; free

flowering ; trusses very large, somewhat loose ; flowers large,
crimson-scarlet.

. Sir H. S. Stanhope (Pearson).

. General Outram. |e similar to Charles Smith.
. Wellington (Denny).

. A. Figneaue (Lemoine). Plant of tall branching habit; free

flowering ; trusses very large; flowers medium sized, the
petals narrow and crumpled, dark crimson-scarlet. Inferior.
Belongs to the nosegay section.

. Col. Fewel (Lemoine). Same as 4. Pigneaux.

VIII. Flowers Crimson-Scarlet shaded with Magenta.

E. Davies (Pearson). Plant of strong-growing free habit;
leaves plain green; free flowering ; trusses very large, well-

78.
72.
80.
81.

82.

83.

84.

86.

gi.
88.

89.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 241

displayed ; flowers large, petals narrow, crimson-scarlet, under
petals shaded with magenta. Of the nosegay section. -

Jules Groles. Fas},
isfuatrde Ninoy Eamnine), rae are very similar to £.
Délégué de Paris (Lemoine). wha

Mulberry (Pearson). Plant of vigorous growth; leaves plain
green; free flowering; trusses very large, somewhat loose ;
flowers large, petals narrow, crimson-scarlet shaded wneith
magenta. Of the nosegay section.

IX. Flowers Light Magenta.

Mabel Eden (Pearson). Plant of free-growing, spreading habit ;
free flowering ; trusses large; flowers large, of fine form, the
petals short and broad, of a nearly uniform rosy-magenta
shade, the top petals shaded with crimson. Very distinct
and showy.

Mrs. J. Paget (Pearson). Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves
plain green ; free flowering ; trusses large, well thrown above
the foliage ; flowers medium sized, the petals long and some-
what loose, of a rosy-magenta shade.

John Fraser (Cocker & Son). Plant of free-spreading habit ;
free flowering; trusses small; flowers small, the top petals
short and small. Inferior to Mabel Eden.

. Zsoléne. In inferior variety.

X. Flowers Magenta.

Lais *** (Denny). Plant of fine dwarf habit; leaves slightly
zoned; free flowering ; trusses small, compact ; flowers large,
of fine form, the petals broad, of a fine clear rosy-magenta,
the top petals having a dash of crimson.

Lesbia (Denny). Very similar to Lavs.

Thisbe Denny). In the way of Las, having pace formed
round flowers, mageuta suffused with a very pleasing and dis-
tinct tinge of violet. In the autumn becoming almost blue.
Very pretty.

Mrs. Gregory (Pearson). Plant of free good habit; leaves
slightly zoned; free flowering ; trusses large ; flowers large, of
a bright rosy-magenta shade, the top petals having a dash of
crimson, clear white eye. <A splendid showy variety.

249 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

90. Evelyn Mellish (Pearson). act.
91. Mrs, Mellish (Pearson). ; Similar to Mrs. Gregory.

92. Lanthe(Denny). Plant of dwarf compact habit ; free flowering ;
trusses small; petals large, rosy-magenta, top petals dashed
with crimson, distinct white eye.

93. Hetty (Denny). Similar to Janthe.

94. Imogene (Denny). Plant of dwarf bushy habit; leaves slightly
zoned ; free flowering; trusses small; flowers large, the top
petals shaded with crimson. A very pleasing shade of colour.

95. Zulecka (Denny). Plant of fine dwarf compact habit; free
flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers large, of fine form,
light magenta.

96. Pytho (Denny). In the way of Janthe as regards colour of

flower, but having a larger truss and larger individual flowers,
Good.

97. Haidée (Denny)
98. Joseph Seeckmann. > Inferior varieties.
99. Dr. Livingstone.

XI. Flowers Cerise.

100. Mrs. Jacobt (Pearson). Plant of very dwarf and compact
growth ; leaves zonate; trusses medium sized, well displayed ;
flowers large, of fine form, cerise. A fine variety.

101. Lady Middleton. Like Mrs. Jacobi. Plant of stronger
growth ; leaves plain green.

102, Lady Selwyn (Wells). Plant of tall vigorous habit; leaves
zonate ; trusses medium sized ; flowers large, cerise.

103. John Riddell (Cocker & Son). Like Lady Selwyn.

104. Claudius. a BOGE
105. Re ae 2 \ These are inferior to those described.

XII. Flowers Rosy-Cerrse.

106. Mrs. J. George (George). Plant of free-spreading habit ;
leaves zonate ; free flowering ; trusses large; flowers large, of
fine form, rosy-cerise. A splendid variety.

107. Ivanhoe (George). An improvement on Mrs. J. George, the
flowers of larger and finer form; leaves zonate.

108. Génévere (Denny). Resembling A/rs. J. George.

109.

110.

Aan

112.

113.

114.

115.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 242

XIII. Flowers Rose-Pink.
Rose of Allandale *** (Denny). Plant of fine free habit ;

leayes zonate; very free flowering; trusses of medium size,
well thrown above the foliage; flowers large, of fine form, the
petals broad, bright rose-pink, upper petals distinctly marked
with white. Very showy.

Mrs.+ Rogers *** (Pearson). Plant of fine compact habit;
leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses small and com-
pact, erect; flowers small, rose-pink, petals short and rather
flimsy, with a distinct white blotch on upper petals.

Lady Byron (Pearson). Very similar to Mrs. Rogers.
Surpasse Beauté de Suresnes. Plant of tall vigorous habit ;
leaves zonate ; trusses large ; flowers large, rose-pink, upper
petals distinctly blotched with white.

Lucy Bosworth (Pearson). Plant of fine compact bushy
habit; leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses large;
flowers large, rose-pink, of splendid form, the petals broad,
with a conspicuous white mark on the upper petals. Good.
Mrs. Holden *** (Pearson). Plant of tall vigorous habit ;
leaves zonate; free flowering ; trusses very large and close ;
flowers large, the petals long and narrow, deep rose, the upper
petals distinctly blotched with white. Showy. Of the nose-
gay class.

Urs. Kent. Plant of vigorous growth; leaves plain green ,
free flowering; trusses very large; flowers large, the petals

long and narrow, deep rose, top petals marked with white.

116.

117.
118.

119.

Nosegay.

Mrs. Lancaster (Pearson). Plant of dwarf and compact habit ;
free flowering; trusses large, erect; flowers large, deep rose-
pink. Nosegay.

Audifret Pasquier (Lemoine). )\ Inferior to those above de-
Député Valentin (Lemoine). } scribed.

XIV. Flowers Magenta-Rose.

Lady Sheffield *** (Pearson). Plant of free vigorous growth ;
leaves plain green; trusses very large; flowers large, of fine
form, the petals broad, deep magenta-rose, with a shade of
violet and a lacing of scarlet, giving the flower a most distinct
and charming appearance, top petals distinctly marked with
white. A splendid variety.

244

120.

Lay ye

122.
123.
124,
125.

126.

127:

128.
129.

130.

131.

132.

133,

134,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Sibyl Holden *** (Pearson). Plant of free growing habit;
leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses medium sized ;
flowers large; petals large, broad, the lower ones reflexed, deep
magenta-rose, with a very distinct shade of violet, the upper
petals distinctly marked with white.

Mrs. Turner (Pearson). Plant of strong growth ; free flower-
ing; trusses very large; flowers of good form, the petals

rather narrow, dark magenta-rose.

Ethel (Pearson).

Anme Orton (Pearson). All in the way of Mrs. Turner.
Mrs. T. F. Fenn.

Florence Durand. Plant of free-growing bushy habit ; leaves
plain green; trusses of medium size; flowers of medium size,
deep magenta-rose. Showy, but now superseded.

Lowsa (Pearson). Plant,of compact bushy habit; leaves
slighly zonate; free flowering; trusses of medium size;
flowers medium sized, the petals broad, short, and somewhat
reflexed, pale magenta-pink. A very distinct variety.
Progrés Liberal (Lemoine), Plant of strong, vigorous
growth; leaves large, plain green; free flowering ; trusses
large and very close; flowers medium sized, the petals long
and narrow, magenta-rose. Of the nosegay section.

Flame. These two nosegays are inferior to those
Kate Nicholson. \ described.

XV. Flowers Pale Magenta-Pink.

Déazel (Lemoine). A very inferior variety of the nosegay
class.

XVI. Flowers Light Salmon.

Miss Strachan *** (Pearson). Plant of dwarf compact
habit; leaves zonate; free flowering ; trusses large; the
flowers large, of fine form, the petals broad, pale salmon edge,
becoming darker towards the eye. A splendid variety.
Beauty of Suffolk (Dodds). Smaller trusses and petals, but
resembling Miss Strachan in other respects.

Ulen (Pearson). Like Beauty of Suffolk.

XVII, Flowers Mottled Salmon.

Leopard (Pearson). Plant of fine dwarf habit ; leaves zonate ;
free flowering; trusses large; flowers large, rosy salmon, of

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

141.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 245

good form, the petals large and broad, distinctly streaked with
white, somewhat varied. Very distinct and showy.

5. Seraph (Pearson). Plant of free vigorous habit; leaves

zonate; free flowering; trusses of medium size; flowers
medium sized, rosy-salmon, distinctly mottled with white.

Showy.
XVIII. Flowers Dark Salmon.

Vanessa (Miles). Plant of dwarf good habit; leaves slightly
zonate ; free flowering; trusses large, well displayed; flowers
large, of a uniform salmon colour. Of the nosegay group.

M. Boucharlat (Lemoine). Plant of tall spreading bad habit ;
shy flowering; trusses large, very loose, petals narrow, rosy-
salmon. Belongs to the nosegays.

A. K. MeNab (Laing), Plant of dwarf spreading habit ;
leaves zonate; free flowering; trusses large; flowers of
medium size, of a uniform salmon-cerise colour. Showy and
distinct. One of the nosegays.

XIX, Flowers Oculate.

Evening Star *** (Smith). Plant of very dwarf fine habit ;
leaves zonate, very dark green; very free} flowering; the
trusses small; the petals very large and fine, clear white, with
a bright rosy eye. Very pretty.

Lucretia (George).. Plant of dwarf good habit; leaves
zonate ; very free flowering; trusses of fair size; the petals
large, pure white, shading to bright rose towards the eye.
Very pretty.

Notre-Dame de Beaumand(Denny). Plant of straggling, loose
habit ; free flowering ; trusses of medium size ; the petals broad
and large, white, faintly marked with rose throughout. A
good flower.

XX. Flowers White.

142. Snowdon *** (Denny). Plant of fine compact, bushy habit;

143.

leaves zonate ; very free flowering; trusses large ; the petals
large, of fine form, white with a faint shade of pink.
Madame Edgar Guinet (Lemoine). Plant of tall growth;
leaves pale green, with faint zone ; moderately free flowering ;
trusses large; flowers medium sized, very pure white. The
purest white.

s' 2

246 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

144. Clémence Boutard. Plant of strong, vigorous growth; leaves
zonate; very free flowering; trusses small; flowers small,
white shaded with pink throughout.

A SELECTION OF THE BEST VARIETIES IN THEIR RESPEC-
TIVE CLASSES.

Scarlet.
3. John West. . 7. Tom Taylor.
6. The Spencer. ’ §, A. Henderson.
Scarlet with White Eye.
14, A. F. Barron. ° 23. Mrs. Whiteley.
15. Excelsior.

Pale Orange-Scarlet.

25. John Gibbons. | 29. Mark Twain.
Orange-Scarlet-Magenta, shaded White Eye.
32. Earl Manvers. | 33. Mrs. Leacroft.
Magenta-Scarlet.
38. Mary Pearson. | 54, The Moor.
37. Alonzo. 55. Salathiel.
41. Mrs. Huish. | 45. Mrs, W. Brown.

Rosy-Scarlet.

60. Lord Zetland. €6, Iago.
61. Lady Stanhope.

Crimson- Scarlet.

69. Charles Smith. | 70. David Thomson.
Crimson-Scarlet shaded with Magenta.
77. HE. Davies. | 81. Mulberry.
Light Magenta.
82. Mabel Eden. | 83. Mrs. J. Paget.
Magenta.
86. Lais. 88. Thisbe.
89. Mrs. Gregory.
Cerise.
100. Mrs. Jacoby | 102. Lady Selwyn.

Rosy- Cerise.
107. Ivanhoe.

Rose-Pink.

109. Rose of Allandale, 114, Mrs. Holden.
110, Mrs. Rogers.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 247

Magenta- Rose.

119, Lady Sheffield. 126. Louisa.

120, Sibyl Holden.

Salmon, :
131. Miss Strachan (light). 136. Vanessa (dark).
134.. Leopard (mottled).
Oculate.
139. Evening Star. | 140. Lucretia.
White.
142, Snowdon. | 143. Madame Edgar Guinet.

XLIV. Report on Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums Grown for Trial. at
Chiswick in 1876.

Tuer varieties forming the subject of this report were contributed
by Messrs. Veitch & Sons; E. G. Henderson & Sons; S. Ford ;
J. Laing; Thomas Laxton; J. George; Dickson & Co.; B. S.
Williams; and Jean Sisley.

The raisers’ names are given in brackets where known.

They were all grown in pots under glass and subject to the same
treatment.

*** denotes the varieties which received certificates.

They have been divided into two principal classes :—

Class I. Leaves Peltate or Shield-shaped, distinctly zonate, with
a thick fleshy substance and of the form of those of the Ivy.

Class II. Leaves not Peltate, the stalk being set on as in the
ordinary zonals, and possessing a sort of hybrid character between
these and the Ivy-leaved sorts.

Class I. Leaves PELTATE, DISTINCTLY ZONATE, WITH A THICK FLESHY
SUBSTANCE, AND OF THE FORM OF THOSE OF THE Ivy. (Pelargonium
lateripes).

A. Leaves Green.
(1) Flowers Lilae.

1. Lilacina (Sisley). Plant of fine trailing habit, having very
small trusses, and flowers of a pale lilac colour, somewhat shy
flowering.

248

a

14.

15.

16,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Peltatum elegans (Bulli). Plant of free trailing habit, having
a large truss of flowers of a pale purple; very free flowering.
A useful decorative variety.

. Konig Albert (Liebmann). Plant of half trailing habit, with

rosy-lilac semi-double flowers; free flowering. A very use-
ful decorative plant, good for bouquets.

. Lary Bells. Plant of free trailing growth, with pale lilac-

coloured flowers; very free flowering.

. Captive ***, Of freeitrailing growth, with large pale lilac-

coloured flowers, having ‘two dark conspicuous veins at the
bottom of each upper petal; free flowering.

. Angelo. The same as Captive.
. Princess Thyra (Bull). Plant of very free trailing habit, with

flowers of a pinkish-lilac shade ; very free flowering.

. Pictum. Plant of free Paria habit; flowers having very-

narrow petals, with pale lilac centre, tipped with a darker
shade, and having conspicuous veins and marks on the upper
petals ; somewhat shy flowering.

. Vo. 4 (George). Plant of free trailing habit; flowers pale

lilac, with bright purplish spots, and veins on upper petals;
very free flowering.

2. Flowers White shaded with Inlae.

. Album grandifiorum. Plant of very free trailing growth,

having large white flowers shaded with lilac; free flowering.

. Innocence. Very much in the way of Album grandiflorum, but

having the flowers of a purer white.

. Ivy-leaved white. Plant of free trailing habit, with large

white flowers tinged with lilac ; free flowering.

. Holly Wreath, Of a free trailing habit, having medium-sized

truss, and flowers of a pinkish white; free flowering.

B. Leaves Variegated.

LD’ Elégante. Plant of free trailing habit ; leaves small, pale
green, irregularly marked with white on outer edges, changing
at times by exposure to a beautiful rosy-violet ; flowers large,
white.

Silver Variegated. Similar to L’ Elégante, but having larger
leaves, and of a more vigorous trailing habit.

Silver Gem. Plant of very close, slow-growing habit; leaves
small, slightly cupped and unevenly marked with pale green
and white; flowers lilac.

ti,

18.

19.
20.

21.

22.

23.
24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 249

Coccineum foliis variegatis. Plant of free growing trailing
habit; leaves medium sized with dark green edges, centre
blotched with yellowish-green, and having a very distinct
bronzy zone; flowers lilac.

Crass II. Leaves nor Petrate.

A. Leaves Green.
1. Flowers Rose-coloured.

Wills *** (Wills). Plant of half-trailing habit; trusses of
medium size; flowers of a bright rose colour; free flowering
and very showy.

Alice Lee. Very similar to Wallsii.

Willsiv rosea (Wills). Resembling Wells, but of stronger
growth; the flowers large, of a bright rose colour, slightly
tinged with magenta; free flowering. A very showy and
useful decorative plant.

Dolly Varden. Plant of free trailing habit ; flowers of a bright
rose ; free flowering.

Argus. Plant of very free growing trailing habit; foliage
very dark green with a faint zone; flowers of a rosy-crimson
colour ; trusses large, very freely produced. A very bright
and effective variety.

Eimperor. Very similar to Argus.

Coccineum. Plant of free trailing habit; flowers crimson
shaded with rose, with very narrow petals; free flowering.

Pseudo-Zonale. Very free growing trailing habit; flowers of a
bright rose colour, with whitish eye and conspicuous veins on
upper petals; very free flowering. A good and distinct
variety.

St. George (George). Plant of strong vigorous growth; flowers
medium-sized, with broad petals of a light rose colour; free
flowering and good.

Camballo (George). Plant of fine free vigorous growth, having
large very bright rose-coloured flowers of fine form, with
large broad petals; free flowering.

2. Flowers Pale Rose.

Duchess of Edinburgh (George). Plant of free growing, trailing
habit ; flowers pale lilac, with streaks of rose and distinct rose

20.

30.

ol.

o4.

36.

37.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

markings; small truss of flowers with broad short petals;
free flowering.

Gem *** (George). Very similar to Duchess of Edinburgh, but
having a far superior flower as regards form, although less in
size. A very pretty variety. .

Progress (George). Plant of fine free trailing habit; trusses
large; flowers of fine form, pale rose, the upper petals
streaked; very free flowering.

Gem of the .Season. Plant of very free trailing habit; flowers
of a pale rose colour, very freely produced. A very pretty
variety.

. Miss Margaret. Plant of half-trailing thick bushy habit;

foliage during the winter of a distinctly variegated greenish
yellow, but changing in the summer to a pale sickly green ;
flowers of a pale rose ; somewhat shy flowering.

3. Llowers Oculate. ‘

. Bridal Wreath ***, Plant of a busky and half-trailing habit ;

flowers of fine form, the ground-colours pure white, with small
pink eye; very free flowering. A very pretty variety.
4, Flowers Crimson tinged with Purple.

Lady Edith. Plant of stiff slow growth, with medium-sized
leaves ; flowers crimson tinged with purple; shy flowering.

. Favonius. Similar to Lady Edith, the plant of freer growth

and a more trailing habit.

B. Leaves Variegated.

Duke of Edinburgh. Plant of free trailing habit, with large
leaves, the centre yellowish-green with white margin;
flowers very small, pale rose, veined on upper petals.
Variegatum. The same as Duke of Edinburgh.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 251

XLY. Report on the Double-Flowered Varieties of Zonal Pelar-
gonium Grown for Trial by the Floral Committee of the Royal
Horticultural Society at Chiswick.

THe collection, numbering some 160 names, was received from
Messrs. Carter & Co.; Dickson & Co.; E. G. Henderson & Son;
Paul & Son; Rollisson & Sons, Veitch & Sons; Alegatiére ;
Cannell ; Fraser ; Laxton ; Laing; Lemoine ; Paul ; Sisley ; Smith ;
Turner ; Williams.

They were grown in 9-inch pots and flowered under glass. A
good bloom was secured on most of the varieties by the beginning
of July, when they were inspected by the Committee, and again in
September. The trial was in all respects a satisfactory one.

For easy identification they have been grouped into the following
classes, according to the various shades of colour of the flowers :—

1. Scarlet. 8. Magenta-Rose.
2. Scarlet shaded with Ma- 6. Pale-Pink.
genta. 10. Very pale Salmon.
3. Magenta-Scarlet. 11. Pale Salmon,
4. Purplish-Scarlet. 12, Salmon.
5, Orange-Scarlet. 13. Oculate.
6. Cerise. 14. White.
7. Rose-Pink.

And the Pompon-flowered of several coloured, which are so distinct
in character as to form a separate group.

A subdivision of these classes has also been adopted, in regard to
habit, flowering, &c., there being at least two very distinct classes,
viz. :—

1. Gross-habittype, Madame Lemoine, of strong gross growth ; the
leaves large and broad; moderate flowering.

2. Free-habit type, ordinary zonal, of free medium growth, &c. ;
very free and continuous flowering, like the ordinary single zonal
Pelargonium.

** denotes the varieties which have received certificates.

The raisers’ names are given in brackets where known.

I. Flowers Scarlet.
Free Habit.
Leaves Plain Green. Tom Thumb type.
1. Vesta *** (Laxton). Plant of dwarf compact habit ; very free

252 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

flowering ; trusses medium sized ; flowers semi-double, bright
scarlet. A very showy variety.

2. Aurora (Laxton). Of the same character, but inferior to
Vesta.

3. Madame Rose Charmeux. Plant of good habit ; trusses and flowers
small. Inferior.

4, Ludovic Pereno. Very similar to Madame Rose Charmeua.

Leaves Zonate.

5. Emily Laxton *** (Laxton). Plant of tall free-growing habit ;
free flowering ; trusses erect, of fair size ; flowers bright scarlet,
large and of fine form.

6. Le Nord Est. Plant of tall vigorous growth; free flowering ;
trnsses very large and full; flowers pure scarlet, large and of
fine form. A splendid variety.

7. De Lobel. Plant of fine free vigorous growth; free flowering ;
trusses large, thrown well above the foliage; flowers bright
scarlet, large. A very showy variety.

Gross Habit.’

8. Victor Lemoine (Lemoine). Plant of compact habit; leaves
large, pale; free flowering; trusses medium sized ; flowers
bright scarlet, large, and of good form.

9. Préfet de Lyon. Plant of strong vigorous growth ; free flowering ;
trusses medium sized ; flowers bright glossy scarlet, large, and
of fine form. 3

II. Flowers Scarlet shaded with Magenta.
Free Habit.

Leaves Plain Green.

10. Liluminator *** (Laxton). Plant of .tall vigorous growth ; free
flowering ; trusses medium sized ; flowers deep scarlet, shaded
with magenta. Of fine form.

11. Asterocd (Laxton). Plant of fine habit; free flowering; trusses
small; flowers deep scarlet shaded with magenta. An inferior
variety.

12. Richard Laxton (Laxton). Plant of tall strong growing habit ;,
shy flowering; trusses medium sized; flowers large, scarlet
shaded with magenta.

13.

14,

15.

16.

ie

18.

bee

20.

ar.

22.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 253

Leaves Zonate.

M. Plaisangon ***, Plant of somewhat tall habit ; very free
flowering; trusses large and full, deep scarlet shaded with
magenta; flowers large and of fine form. A very effective
variety.

Député Saflize. Plant of fine dwarf habit; very free flowering ;
trusses large ; flowers deep scarlet shaded with magenta, Very
large and double.

Jacobea (Laxton). Plant of fine habit; trusses and flowers
small. An inferior variety.

III.. Flowers Magenta-Scarlet.
Free Habit.

Leaves Zonate.

Guillon Mangilli *** (Lemoine). Plant of fine free compact
growth ; very free flowering ; trusses very large, thrown well
above the foliage ; flowers semi-double, large, the top petals
orange-scarlet. A very showy variety.

Edouard Leguin (Crousse). Very similar to Guillon Mangilli.

C. H. Wagner (Alegatiere). Plant of fine dwarf habit. Very
similar to Guillon Mangilli.

Miss Goodliff (Laxton). Plant of tail growing habit; shy
flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers small. An inferior
variety.

Union Jack (Laxton). Plant of tall strong growing habit ; free
flowering ; trusses large; flowers medium sized. Similar to
Guillon Mangillr.

Dr. Hogg (Laxton). Plant of a fine dwarf compact habit ;
leaves small, very much serrated ; free flowering ; trusses large ;
flowers large and of fine form, of a nearly uniform magenta
colour. A very showy and distinct variety.

Gross Habit.
Leaves Zonate.

Talabot ***, Plant of strong growing vigorous habit ; leaves
large, free flowering ; trusses medium sized, thrown well above
the foliage; flowers deep magenta-scarlet, of fine form. <A
very pleasing variety.

254

28.
24.
25.
26.
yds fe
28.
29.

30.

ol.

32.

OO.
34.
00.

36.

37.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Aimilio Castelar.

Le Progrés.

Charles Darwin. These are very tall coarse-growing
Mons. Froebel. sorts, and altogether inferior.
Victor de Lyons.

Exposition de Lyons.

Mathilde Cumy. Plant of fine dwarf bushy habit ; free flower-
ing ; trusses medium sized ; flowers large and double, of fine
form, magenta-scarlet. A distinct variety.

IV. Llowers Purplish-Scarlet.
Free Habit.

Leaves Plain.

Député Viox ***, Plant of dwarf spreading habit ; very free
flowering ; trusses large; flowers semi-double, of good form,
deep purplish-scarlet.

M. Buchtet ***, Plant of dwarf compact habit ; very free
flowering ; trusses small; flowers ll, of fine form, deep
purplish-scarlet. A very distinct and novel variety.

V. Flowers Orange-Scarlet.
Free Habit.
Leaves Zonate.

Auguste Villaume *** (Crousse). Plant of fine free compact
habit; small leaves; very free and constant flowering ; trusses
very large; flowers semi-double, very large and of fine form,
bright orange-scarlet. A first-rate variety.

oc i Very similar to Auguste Villaume.

Prince of Orange (Laxton). Plant of tall growing habit ; shy
flowering ; trusses and flowers small. An inferior variety.
Wonderful *** (Smith). A semi-double form of Vesuvius, pos-
sessing all the qualities of that well-known variety.

Gross Habit.

C. Glym ***, Plant of strong robust growth ; moderately free
flowering; trusses very large, thrown well up; flowers very
double, bright orange-scarlet. A very effective variety.

38.
39.
40,

41.

00.
. Hons. E. G. Henderson.*
. Triomphe de Lorraine.

. Boucharlat Ainé.

. Triomphe.

. La Vesuve.

. Sapeur Pompier.

57.

58.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 255

Mdile. Marie Lemoine (Lemoine). These are the same as
DL? Année Terrible (Lemoine). C. Gliym.
Madame Dauphine (Laing), Plant of very strong vigorous

growth; free flowering; trusses large; flowers medium
sized, of good form, bright-orange scarlet. Distinct and
good.

Madame van Houtte. Plant of tall growing habit ; leaves large
with broad zone; somewhat shy flowering; trusses large ;
flowers large and double, bright orange-scarlet. A late
flowering variety.

. Princess Teck.

. Patriote Lorraine.

. General Faidherbe.

. Madame Gustave Henri.

. Wilhelm Pfitzer.

. Ville de Nancy.

. McLeod.

. Wilhelmine von Verna. These are all very much alike,
Andrew Henderson.* and inferior to those described.

VI. Llowers Cerise.

Gross Habit.
Leaves Zonate.

Madame Roempler ***, Plant of very dwarf compact habit ;
free flowering; trusses large and full, well displayed ; flowers
large and of fine form, pure cerise. A very showy
variety. |

Mr. Gladstone. Plant of tall growing somewhat loose habit ;
free flowering ; trusses very large and full; flowers large and
of fine form, pure cerise. A fine flower.

* The same.

59:

60.
61.
62.
63.
64.

65.
66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

et.
yee

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Leaves Plain Green.

Beuerne ***, Plant of dwarf bushy habit ; very free flowering ;
trusses large and full; flowers large and of good form, cerise.
A good variety.

Th. Guigneau. Plant of good habit; free flowering; trusses
large ; flowers of fine form, cerise.

Madame Bondet.

Meteor. \
Madame Fronchard. |
Merveille de Lorraine.
Triomphe de Nord.
Claire Carnot.

Inferior to those already described.

Free Habit.

Eugene Glady. Plant of robust growth; leaves with distinct
zone ; free flowering ; trusses medium sized ; flowers medium
sized, pure cerise.

VIL. Flowers Rose-Pink.
Gross Habit.
Plain Green Leaves.

Madame Michael Buchner ***, Plant of fine bushy habit;
leaves large, pale green, very free flowering; trusses large
and full, well displayed; flowers very large, and of good
form, bright rose-pink. An improvement as regards habit on°
Madame Lemoine.

Ernest Picard ***, Plant of fine dwarf compact growth, free
flowering ; trusses large, erect ; flowers very large, of a light
pink slightly tinged with magenta, the upper petals having a
distinct white blotch. <A very telling variety.

Madame Lemoine. Plant of somewhat tall growth ; free flower-
ing; trusses large and double ; flowers large and of fine form ;
bright rose- pink.

Talbot. ' Synonymous. Both of very gross coarse habit.
Caillot. Inferior.

St.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 257

. Gloire de Nancy.

. Miss Evelyn (Bell & Thorpe).

OC, Ew All resembling but inferior
. Madame Eugéne.™

Oy aie doh to Madame Buchner.
. Impératrice Eugéeme.

. Marie Lemoine.
. Comte Henri de Courcy.
. Madame Rudolf Abel. Plant of very gross habit ; shy flowering ;

trusses medium-sized ; flowers medium sized, rose-pink. An
inferior variety.

Leaves Zonate.

Pink Perfection (Laxton). Plant of gross habit; leaves dis-
tinctly zoned ; shy flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers
medium sized, dark rose.

Madame Crousse. Plant of gross, loose habit ; shy flowering ;
trusses medium sized; flowers large and of fine form, dark
rose.

Crown Prince (Turtle). Plant of fine dwarf bushy habit ; leaves
very dark green with faint zone; free flowering ; trusses
medium sized; flowers clear rose-pink, large, with white on
top petals. A very showy variety.

Députe Varroy. Plant of fine dwarf habit; free flowering ;
trusses very large, well thrown above the foliage; flowers
large and of good form, dark rose, upper petals blotched with
white.

Madame Boutard. Plant of tall growth; trusses and flowers
medium sized, pale pink. Inferior.

Madame Dauphin. Plant of vigorous growth ; trusses medium
sized; flowers medium sized, pale pink shaded slightly with
magenta.

Jean Alegatiére. Plant of tall branching habit; shy flowering ;
trusses large, very thin; flowers loose and ragged, pink
slightly tinged with lilac.

Clémence Rayer. Plant of very tall loose habit ; shy flowering ;
trusses small; flowers small, pale pink. An inferior variety.

Rose Pur. Strong growing, gross habit.

Louis Blane. Very gross habit.

* The same,

258

90.

i

92.

95

94.

96.

Si

98.

99.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Free Habit.
-Leaves Zonate.

Sunrise (Laxton). Plant of fine free bushy habit; shy
flowering; trusses small; flowers small, elear rosy-pink, with
white on upper petals.

Mr. Barron (Laxton). <A tall-growing variety ; leaves small ;
free flowering; trusses small and full; flowers small, pale
rose-pink.

Sylphide. Plant of fine compact habit; free flowering ; trusses
medium sized; flowers medium sized, of fine form, pale pink
slightly shaded with magenta.

Leaves Plain Green.

Fair Rosamond (Laxton). Plant of vigorous tall habit ; leaves
small; shy flowering ; trusses very small, on long footstalks ;
flowers very small, pale pink.

Diego Podda. Plant of dwarf spreading habit; leaves small
with faint zone ; free flowering; trusses large, well displayed ;
flowers large, deep rosy-pink, with long narrow petals. A
very distinct variety of the nosegay section.

Gross Habit.

. Camelliefiora. Plant of dwarf compact habit; leaves large ;

shy flowering ; trusses large on very strong footstalks; flowers
very large like a Balsam, rosy-pink. This may be referred to

the bouquet section.

Bouquet. Similar to Camellieflora. The flowers do not open
well. An inferior variety.

Dr. Godron. Plant of dwarf bushy habit; leaves large, with
distinct zone; shy flowering; trusses large ; flowers small
with reflexed petals. A very inferior variety of the bouquet

section.
Mons. de Huillier. Plant of fine dwarf habit; trusses and

flower large and very loose. Inferior, One of the bouquet
section.
VIII. Flowers Magenta-Rose.
Gross Habit.

Leaves Zonate.

Madame Rendatler *** (Rendatler). Plant of free growing

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 259

habit and free flowering; trusses large and fine, well dis-
played ; flowers flat and somewhat open. A fine variety.
Souvenir de Lyons. Flowers, rose shaded with lilac. An
inferior and coarse variety.

Francois Arlis Dufour. Plant of very coarse growth; shy
flowering ; trusses small, erect ; flowers small, dark magenta-
rose. An inferior variety.

Free Habit.

Madame Thibaut *** (Lemoine). Plant of fine compact habit ;
leaves slightly zonate ; very free flowering ; trusses large and
fine, well thrown above the foliage; flowers very large and
double, bright magenta-rose, the upper petals distinctly
marked with white; very showy. A splendid variety.

Noemie ***, Plant of fine free habit and very free flowering ;
trusses large; flowers large, of a lighter shade of rose than
Madame Thibaut. A continuous flowering variety. First
rate.

Anna Montel. Very similar to Moemie.

Eugénie Baudown *** (Keteleer). Plant of fine compact
habit; leaves dark green with distinct zone; very free
flowering; trusses large; flowers large, semi-double, the
upper petals distinctly marked with white. A distinct and
good variety.

Député Aneelon (Lemoine). Plant of fine free habit; shy
flowering ; trusses very large and close, well displayed ; flowers
large, deep magenta-rose.

Député Berlet (Lemoine). Fine dwarf compact habit; free
flowering ; trusses small; flowers small, deep magenta-rose.

IX. Flowers Pale Pink.

Gross Habit.

Louis Agassiz (Sisley). Plant of dwarf compact habit ; free
flowering; trusses large, well displayed; flowers medium
sized, pale rosy-pink. Sometimes almost white.

Députe Brice. Plant of fine compact habit; leaves small,
with distinct zone; free flowering; trusses large ; flowers
large, of fine form, the petals long and narrow, pale pink.

La Réservister. Plant of vigorous growth; shy flowering ;

T

260

LUI.

112.
113.

114.
115.

116,

ep

118.

119,

120.

121.

122.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

trusses large; flowers medium sized, pale pink shaded with
lilac.

La Candeur. Plant of fine dwarf habit; free flowering ;
trusses medium sized; flowers large, semi-double, pale pink.
Frequently almost white.

Lucie Lamoine. Similar to La Candeur.

George Sand. Plant of tall vigorous growth; leaves large
with distinct zones; free flowering; trusses large; flowers
medium sized, very pale pink.

(filice Croueics ati oad wastteehage.
Carnea Plena.

X. Flowers very Pale Salmon.

' Gross Habit.

Ondine. Plant of fine compact bushy habit; leaves dark
green, with distinct zone ; moderately free flowering; trusses
medium sized; flowers medium sized, pale mottled salmon.
A \ey distinct and pretty variety.

Comtesse de Beurges. Plant of loose straggling habit ; leaves
very slightly zoned; shy flowering; trusses medium sized ;
flowers medium sized, the petals reflexed, pale mottled sal-
mon.

Henri Lecog. Very similar to Comtesse de Beurges.

XI. Flowers Pale Salmon.
Gross Habit.

La Constitution ***, Plant of fine free, but somewhat strag-
cling, habit ; free flowering; trusses large, well thrown above
the foliage; flowers medium sized, of fine form, pale salmon.
A. good variety. )

Free Habit.

Louis Buchner (Sisley). Plant of fine compact. growth; free
flowering; trusses medium sized; flowers medium sized, of
fine form, pale salmon.

Asa Gray (Sisley)... Plant of very dwarf habit; leaves
small, zonate; very free flowering ; trusses medium sized ;
flowers large, semi-double, clear salmon.

Isis (Courtois). A very compact growing variety; very free

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

130.

131.

132.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 261

flowering ; trusses large and well displayed ; leh a medium
sized, clear salmon. |
Henri Beurir (Alegatiére). Plant of fine dwarf habit; free
flowering ; trusses large, erect; flowers very double, of good
form, clear salmon, the pips being edged with white. A
very attractive variety. .

XII. Flowers Salmon.
Free Habit.

Leaves Zonate.

Louis Boutard ***, Plant of fine compact. habit; very free
flowering ; trusses large, thrown well above the foliage ;
flowers large, semi-double, of fine form, rich deep salmon. A
capital variety.

Victor Hugo (Lemoine). Plant of more straggling habit than
Lows Boutard, but similar in every other respect.

P. Buck. Plant of very dwarf, close habit and free flower-
ing; trusses large ; flowers large, semi-double, clear salmon,
A showy variety, being a sort of a semi-nosegay.

Emilie Lemoine. Plant of straggling habit; free flowering ;
trusses very large; flowers large, petals long and narrow,
clear salmon. A semi-nosegay variety.

Sunset (Laxton). Plant of very tall straggling habit; free
flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers medium sized,

clear salmon.
129.

Figaro. Plant of somewhat tall growth; shy flowering;
trusses and flowers medium sized, clear salmon mottled or
streaked with white. Striking.

Comte de Lambertye. Plant of very dwarf compact habit ;
trusses small; flowers small, clear salmon. An inferior
variety.

Carl Vogt. Plant of tall branching habit; shy flowering ;
trusses large ; flowers small, of good form, deep salmon.

XIIL. Flowers Oculate.
Gross Habit.

Leaves Zonate.

M. Saison Lorral (Crousse). Plant of dwarf habit; leaves
small, with distinct zone; free flowering; trusses medium
y 2

262

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

139;

140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

sized ; flowers large, semi-double, pinkish white, rosy eye.
A distinct and pretty variety.

Frangois Pertusati (Sisley). Very similar in every respect to
M. Saison Lorral. |

Hypathic. Plant of rather tall habit; shy flowering ; trusses
medium sized, loose ; flowers small, pinkish white, with rosy
eye. An inferior variety.

Free Habit.

Richard Larios (Lemoine). Plant of free good habit, with
distinct bronzy-zone; free flowering; trusses medium sized ;
flowers small, pinkish white, with rosy eye. A somewhat
inferior variety.

XIV. Flowers White.
Free Habit.

Leaves Zonate.

Madame Aimilio Baltet *** (Lemoine). Plant of fine free
habit ; foliage pale green with faint zone; free flowering;
trusses medium sized, full; flowers medium sized, nearly
pure white, and pretty double. The best white.

Mrs. Trevor Clarke *** (Laxton). Piant of tall growing,
straggling habit; foliage very pale green with zone; free
flowering ; trusses medium sized ; flowers small, of good form,
pure white when opening, but changing to a pink tinge with
age.

Venus *** (Lemoine). Plant of vigorous habit ; leaves dark
green with broad zone; free flowering ; trusses medium sized ;
flowers small, of good form, pure white when opening
but tinged with pink when fully expanded.

The Ghost (Laxton). Plant of free tall growing habit, and
free flowering ; trusses medium sized; flowers small, pearly
white, changing to a pinkish colour with age.

Adelaide Planchon.

Aline Sisley (Sisley).

Wilfrid (Laxton). These are inferior to those
Fille d’ Honneur. described.

Boule de Neige.

Madame Aumury de Cazanove.

146.

147.

148.

149.

150.
151.

152.

153.

157.
158.
159.

REPORT ON PELARGONIUMS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN1876. 263

XV. Pompon-Flowered Section.
Flowers Scarlet.

Jewel *** (Laxton). Plant of dwarf compact habit, like the
old Zom Thumb; leaves plain green; free flowering; trusses
small and neat; flowers small, very double, resembling the
bloom of a double Hawthorn, pure scarlet. A distinct and
pretty variety, and very useful for bouquets.

Meteor Flag *** (Turner). Plant of strong vigorous habit
and very free flowering; trusses large; flowers very double
and of fine form, pale scarlet. A splendid variety for bouquets.
Speculum (Laxton). Very similar to Jewel, but a stronger
grower.

E. J. Lowe (Laxton). Plant of tall straggling habit; free
flowering ; trusses small; flowers small, scarlet, do not open
well. Inferior.

Vulcan. Very similar to E. J. Lowe.

Reynolds Hole (Laxton). Plant of free-growing, rather loose
habit; free flowering; trusses small; flowers small, not
opening well, pale scarlet. An inferior variety.

Aglaia (Laxton). A very shy-flowering and inferior variety.

Flowers Purplish-Scarlet.

Ie Negre ***, Plant of free vigorous habit; leaves plain
green ; free flowering; trusses medium sized, well displayed ;
flowers large, of fine form, very double, of a very pretty shade
of purplish-scarlet. A good variety, but sometimes it does not
open its flowers well.

. Pluto (Laxton). Plant of fine dwarf habit; free flowering ;

trusses small and loose; flowers small, purplish-scarlet. An
inferior variety.

Cinderella (Laxton). Of stronger growth than Pluto, but
resembling it in other respects.

. Théophile Gauthier. Plant of good habit; trusses large and

coarse; flowers large with reflexed petals; does not open
well. A very inferior variety.

Flowers Cerise.
Guiding Star (Laxton).
Tom Tit (Laxton).
Sophia Clapton (Laxton).

These three are of very dwarf compact growth ; the trusses

264 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

small; the flowers small, opening badly, the petals reflexed, thus
showing the underside. Worthless.

XVI. Varvegated Section.

160. Mrs. Carr. Plant of very poor growth; the leaves broad
with a creamy-white margin; flowers half-double, pale pink.
Of no merit,
The varieties selected as the best and most desirable in their
respective groups are indicated in the following list.
The numbers opposite to each refer to the number in the Report.

Flowers Scarlet.

1. Vesta. 6. Le Nord Est.
146. Jewel. 7. De Lobel.
147. Meteor Flag. 8. Victor Lemoine.

5. Emily Laxton.

Flowers Scarlet shaded with Magenta.

10. Illuminator. 14. Député Saflize,

13. Plaisancon.

Flowers Magenta-Scariet.

21. Dr. Hogg.
29. Mathilde Cumy.

16. Guillon Mangilli,
22. Talabot.

. Flowers Orange-Scarlet.
32. Auguste Villaume. | 40, Madame Dauphin.
37. C. Glijm. 36. Wonderful.
Flowers Purplish-Scarlet,
30. Député Viox. 153. Le Negre.
31. M. Buchtet. 154. Pluto,
Flowers Cerise.

67. Eugéne Glady.

59. Beuerne,
57. Madame Roempler.

Flowers Rose-Pink.

68. Madame Michael Buchner.

83. Crown Prince.
69. Ernest Picard.

84. Député Varroy.

Flowers Magenta-Rose.
99. Madame Rendatler. | 103. Noemie.
102. Madame Thibaut. 105. Eugénie Baudouin.
Flowers Pale Salmon,

119. La Constitution. 121. Asa Gray.

120. Louis Buchner.

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 265

Flowers Salmon.,
124. Louis Boutard. | 126. P. Buck.

: Flowers Oculate.
132. M. Saisson Lorrial.
Flowers White.

136. Madame Aimilio Baltet. 138. Venus.
137. Mrs. Trevor Clarke.

XLVI. Report on Dwarf Kidney Beans Grown for Trial by the
Fruit and Vegetable Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society at Chiswick, 1876.

For several preceding seasons an endeavour has been made to
secure a complete trial of the entire collection of the Dwarf-
srowing Kidney Beans,.so as to be able to make a_ selection
of the really good and distinct varieties which might exist amongst
the very numerous and confusing mass of names that appear in
seed lists.

Nearly every named sort that appeared in English seed lists was
secured, and a portion of those most recommended on the Conti-
nent.

In all 190 differently named sorts were tested, but it was con-
sidered unnecessary to go to the expense of testing all the foreign
varieties, as the Butter or Flesh Beans of Southern Germany, and
the Haricots of France, which are grown for the ripe seeds, and
are mostly unsuited for the climate of this country.

It may be noted also that very many of the Continental varieties
of Dwarf Kidney Beans have a great tendency to become runners,
and even seeds of the most approved varieties saved abroad have
same tendency, and are not nearly so productive.

A portion only of those that were grown, but embracing all the
distinct varieties which were considered worthy of cultivation, are
described, the remainder being proved unsuitable and inferior. |

They were sown on June Ist on a well-prepared border, under
the same conditions. The great heat and dryness of the season
somewhat interfered with the growth of the earlier varieties, but
in general the trial was satisfactory.

266 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The seed for the purposes of this trial was contributed by W.
& J. Brown, Stamford; Barr & Sugden, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden; G. Cooling, Bath; Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High
Holborn, W.C.; R. Dean, Ealing; J. Dell, Stoke Rocheford,
Grantham; J. Dancer, Little Sutton, Turnham Green; G. Gibbs
& Co., Down Street, Piccadilly; Harrison & Sons, Leicester ;
Hooper & Co., Covent Garden; Howcroft & Watkins, Covent
Garden; Minier, Nash, & Nash, 60, Strand, W.C.; Nutting &
Sons, 60, Barbican, E.C.; W. Rumsey, Joyning’s Nursery,
Waltham Cross; D. Radcliffe & Co., i29, High Holborn, W.C.;
J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea; Vilmorin, Andrieux, et Cie., Paris ;
Wheeler & Son, Gloucester; W. Wood & Son, Woodlands Nursery,
Maresfield.

The varieties marked thus *** have received First-class Certifi-
cates.

I. Szeps Waite.
1. White Canterbury.

Synonyms.— White Haricot ; Early White Canterbury ; Canter-
bury White Advancer (of some).

Plant of moderately vigorous habit, bushy, growing about 2 feet
high. Pods of medium length, somewhat narrow, but of fine even
form. A moderate cropper. First early ; seeds long, white.

2. Harly White Etampes Canterbury.

Plant of very dwarf habit, scarcely exceeding 12 inches in
height. Leaves broad, dark green. Pods of medium size, and all
fit for use at the same time. Very early, and useful as an early
variety, but a poor cropper. Seeds long, thin white.

8. White Advancer.

Synonyms.—Carter’s White Advancer; White Flageolet; Hari-
cot nain blanc unique; Haricot nain gigantesque. Long pod, half
dwarf; Haricot a pied blanc gros.

Plant of much the same character as White Canterbury, but of
a more robust, vigorous growth. Pods long, broad; of a fine regu-
lar size. <A great cropper. First early ; seeds.long, white. A very
fine variety.

4. Haricot Nain Blane Quarantain ***,

Plant of strong vigorous growth, attaining a height of about

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 267

18 inches. Pods of medium length, rather broad, thick, and
fleshy, and of fine, regular size. A heavy cropper. Comes early
into use, and bears successionally as a mid season variety. Seeds
short, thick, white. An excellent sort.

5. Dwarf White Round Paris.

Synonyms.— White Canterbury (of some) ; White China; Haricot
Princesse nain; White 1000 for 1; Haricot nain blane rond;
Haricot nain de Hongrie; MHaricot Comtesse de Chambord;
Haricot Predomme nain ; Sophie.

Plant of vigorous growth, somewhat inclined to run. Leaves
small. Pods short, narrow, soon becoming leathery and unfit for
use, with the seeds showing their form through. A fair cropper,
but worthless. Second early. Seeds short, round, white.

6. Dwarf White Dutch Scimitar.

Synonym.—Emperor William.

Plant of medium growth. Foliage pale green. Pods long and
narrow, the seeds soon attaining full size, and showing their mark-
ings through. A medium cropper. Seconds early. Seeds long,
broad, white. A worthless variety.

Il. Seeps Wurte-Spotrrep Brack.

7. Victoria.

Synonyms.— Victoria long-podded ; Clapham Prolific; Kemsley’s
New Dwarf; Dunnett’s Hybrid; Exhibition Dwarf; Flageolet ;
Chiswick Forcing ; White Long Black Blotch; Wilson’s Wonder ;
Pooley’s Prolific.

Plant of very robust, vigorous growth, about 18 inches high.
Foliage large, lightish green. Pods long and handsome. A good
cropper. Comes early into use, but the plant continues to grow
and bears in succession for a long time. Seeds long and narrow,
with distinct black spots near the eye. A good useful variety for
general cultivation.

III. Seeps Wurre Sporrep or SpeckLeD Rep.
8. Robin's Egg.

Synonyms.—China; China Red; Dwarf Marbled China; Red
Blotched Sugar or Bacon.

268 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Plant of dwarf bushy habit, seldom exceeding 15 inches in
height. Pods short and narrow, soon becoming unfit for use with
the seeds showing their form through. A fair cropper, but an
inferior variety. First early. Seeds long, thick, white, much
speckled with dull red round the eye.

9. Pheasant’s Eye.

Synonyms.—Nonpareil; Ne Plus Ultra, from the Caffre Land ;
Long-podded China; Chinese Long-pod ; Stratford Prolific ; Black-
eyed China.

Plant of strong vigorous growth, from 12 to 18 inches in height.
Leaves large and broad. Pods from 6 to 9 inches long, broad,-
thick, and fleshy. A good bearer, continuing to give a good suc-
cession till well on in the season. A late variety. Seeds long,
white, much spotted, and in some instances ‘almost covered with
red.

IV. Sreps Wuarrr-BrotcHep YELLow.

10. Haricot bicolore d’Ltahe.

Plant of strong vigorous habit, somewhat inclined to run ; foliage
pale green. Pods long and handsome, and very broad. A good
cropper. Second early. Seeds large, roundish, white, with dis-
tinct yellow blotch round the eye. A very good variety.

V. Seeps Srraw Cotzovur.

11. Canary.

Synonyms.—Haricot des Canaries; Yellow Parisian; Dwarf
Yellow Round Paris; ,Six Weeks Early Cream ; Haricot Jaune de
la Chine.

Plant of medium growth, from 12 to 15 inches high. Pods short,
thick, and narrow, and soon getting unfit for use, with the seeds
showing their form through. A second early. Seeds very small,
round, of a pale straw colour. A very inferior and worthless
variety.

VI. Seeps Dun or Dark YELLow.
12. Mimer’s First Early ***.

Synonym.—Mexican Salmon; Salmon du Mexique; Dwarf
Mexican Salmon.

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 269

Plant of very strong vigorous growth, attaining a height of from
12 to 18 inches. Leaves large and broad, ightish green. Pods
long, thick, and fleshy, and of fine regular form. A prolific variety,
and very early. Seeds short and thick, of a dark yellow hue.

13. Rachel ***,

Synonyms.—Cooling’s Early Bath Forcing ; Six Weeks.

Plant of fine dwarf habit, not over 12 inches in height. Foliage
very light green. Pods long and handsome, and of fine even form.
A good bearer, and very useful for early work. Seeds long and
thin, of a dun colour.

14. Yellow Canterbury.

Synonyms.—Six Weeks Early Yellow.
Plant of robust growth, from 15 to 18 inches high. Leaves large
and pointed, lightish green. Pods short, thick, and narrow. A

very poor cropper. Second early. Seeds short and thick, roundish,
dark yellow. A worthless variety.

15. Newington Wonder.

Synonym.—Royal Dwarf.

Plant of vigorous growth, partaking a little of the runner.
Leaves small, pointed, dark green. Pods of medium length, broad
and fleshy, of fine regular form. A heavy cropper, and gives a
good succession. Second early. Seeds short and thin, of a light
dun colour. A good useful sort.

16. Haricot Suisse Jaune.

Plant of medium growth. Leaves large, dark green. Pods
short, thick, soon getting unfitfor use. A heavy cropper. A late

variety. Seeds long and thin, of a light dun or saffron colour,
Worthless.

17. Yellow Champion.

Plant of remarkably strong vigorous growth, attaining a height
of from 18 to 24 inches, Leaves very large and broad, light green.
Pods long and handsome, of thick and fleshy substance. A good
cropper, and continues to yield a good succession far through the
season. Second early. Seeds long and narrow, of a dark yellow
colour. A good variety for general crop.

270 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
4
18. Sir Joseph Paxton.

Plant of very dwarf habit, never exceeding 12 inches in height.
The plant ripens off very early. Pods of medium size, thick and
fleshy, and of fine even form. A good bearer, and very early,
Seeds short, thin, and very narrow, of a dark yellow colour.

19. Pale Dun or Cream.

Synonyms.—Cream Colour; Dun; Light Dun; Dark Dun or
Liver ; Australian ; Dwarf 100 for 1 ; Haricot Jaune Cent pour Un.

Plant of vigorous habit 18 to 34 inches high. Leaves very large
dark green. Pods from 6 to 8 inches long, of a thick fleshy sub-
stance, and of regular form. A heavy cropper. Second early.
Seeds long and thin, of a pale dun or saffron colour.

VII. Seeps Darx Dun or Liver.

20. Dark Dun.

Synonyms.— Liver ; Haricot Chocolat.

Plant of robust growth, attaining a height of from 18 to 24
inches. Pods long and handsome, of thick fleshy substance. A
heavy bearer, and continues to give a good succession until the
season is faradvanced. A secondearly. Seeds short and thick, of
a dark chocolate colour. A good variety.

VILL. Szeps Dun-SprrecxkiteD Brown or ReEppIsH.

21. Best of All.

Plant of remarkably dwarf habit, from 9 to 12 inches high
Leaves broad. Pods very large, thick and fleshy, and of a very
regular form. A good cropper, and keeps on bearing until well on
in the summer. A second early. Seeds short and thin, of a
yellowish hue, spotted over with faint specks of dull red.

22. Fulmer’s Forcing.

Synonyms.—Dwarf Long Red-speckled; Earliest Flemsburgh ;
Red-speckled ; Haricot Algeriérs ; Haricot Ture; Carter’s Essex
Favourite ; Haricot Suisse Sang de Boeuf; Colchester Red.

Plant of fine robust, vigorous growth. Leaves large, very dark
green, and somewhat pointed. Pods long and of fine regular form,
thick and fleshy. A good cropper, and yielding a good succession.
First early. Seeds long and thin, dun-speckled with light red. A
very useful variety for forcing for early use.

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 271

23. Osborn’s Forcing.

Synonyms.—-Mohawk ; Earliest Blackish Red-marbled Eagle
Flemsburgh ; Haricot Bagnolet ; Dwarf Dark Brown-speckled.

A dwarf variety, seldom growing more than 12 inches in height.
Leaves medium sized, dark green. Pods long and fleshy. A very
free bearer, and continues bearing late. First early. Seeds dark
dun covered with light red specks. This isa very useful variety
for early summer use, or for growing in pots.

24. Sion House.

Plant of strong vigorous growth, somewhat inclined to run.
Leaves of medium size, dark green, and very much pointed. Pods
long and handsome covered with a profusion of little dull red
spots, which is ,objectionable to many, and which as they ripen
change to a very bright red. Second early. Seeds long and thin,
light dun-speckled over with miniature red spots.

25. McMuillan’s Prolific.

Synonyms.— William’s Early Prolific; Dell’s Kidney.

Plant of very dwarf habit, growing ye the height of from 9 to
12 inches. Pods rather short, thick, and fleshy, profusely spotted
with dull brown. A very free-bearing variety, continuing to bear
late in the season. Second early. Seeds long and broad, light
dun, dotted over with faint dull brown specks, but of a very mixed
character.

IX. Seeps Rep or Reppisu-Brown.

26. Canadian Wonder.

Synonyms.—F lageolet Scarlet (of some); Haricot Flageolet
Rougef; Har cot Rognon de coq.

Plant of very vigorous growth. Habit rather spreading, from
24 to 80 inches high ; occasionally inclined to run a little.: Leaves
very large and broad, of a dark green colour. [Pods very long,
broad, and handsome, of a very thick and fleshy substance. A
very free-bearing variety. Second early, but continuing to pro-
duce a good supply late in the season. Seeds very large, long, and
narrow, of a reddish-brown colour.

27. Cutbush’s Grant.
Synonyms.—Scarlet Flageolet ; Bam’s No. 1 ; Crimson Flageolet ;

272 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ©

Canadian Wonder (of some); American Prolific ; Dwarf Blood-red
Flageolet ; Flageolet Blood-red ; Superfluity.

Plant of vigorous growth, bearing a great resemblance to Cana-
dian Wonder, but of a far more erect habit of growth. Seeds very
large, long, and flat, of a reddish-brown colour. A splendid mid-
season variety.

X. Sreps Brack.

28. LVegro.

Synonyms. —Haricot Noir Hatif de Belgique; Small} Negro;
Negro Dwarf.

Plant of very fine dwarf habit, seldom exceeding 12 inches in
height. Leaves of medium size, dark green. Pods of medium
size, thick and fleshy, and rather narrow. A good bearer, con-
tinuing to yield profusely till late in the season, First early. Seeds
small, bright shining black. A good variety for general sowing.

29. Black Canterbury.

Synonyms.—Negro (of some) ; Haricot Nain des Antilles; Long-
podded English Negro (of some),

Plant of medium robust habit. Leaves broad, of a dark green
colour. Pods rather short and narrow. A medium cropper. ’

First early. Seeds similar to the Negro, but of a dull, sooty
black.

30. Mew Violet from Aix.

Plant of medium growth, rarely exceeding 12 inches in height.
Leaves broad and pointed, lightish green. Pods short and narrow,
soon getting unfit for use, with the seeds showing their form

through. Second early, Seeds very small, round, black. A worth-
less variety.

31. Negro Long-podded.

Synonyms.—Haricot Flageolet Noir.

A very strong-growing variety. Leaves very large, pointed.
Pods long, thick, fleshy, of fine even form. A good bearer, con-
tinuing to von a good supply until late in the season. Second

early. Seeds short and very narrow, shining black. This is avery
useful and good variety.

REPORT ON KIDNEY BEANS GROWN AT CHISWICK IN 1876. 273

XI. Sreps BLAack-sPECKLED.

382. Zebra,

Synonym.—Black-speckled (of some).

Plant of very strong vigorous growth, from 12 to 18 inches high.
Leaves large, lightish green. Pods long, thick, fleshy, and of fine
regular form, speckled over with dark russety spots. A heavy
cropper, and yields a good successional supply. A late variety.
Seeds long and thin, black, speckled over with dull red spots, but
varying in character.

33. Black-speckled.
Synonyms.—Purple-speckled ; Red-speckled ; Haricot Indien,
Plant of strong vigorous growth, occasionally inclined to run a

little. Pods long and of regular torm, of a thick fleshy substance,
speckled as in the case of the Zebra, but not so distinct. A heavy

bearer, continuing to keep up a good succession. Seeds long,
black, distinctly mottled with saffron-coloured spots,

XII. Burrer Beans.

1. White-podded.

34, Dwarf White Algerian Wax.

Seeds white.
35. Harvcot Beurre blane nain.

Seeds white.

36. White Wax Dwarf.
Seeds white.

87. Earliest Gray White-podded.
Seeds dun or dark yellow.

38. Haricot Beurre a cosse blanche.
Seeds dun, speckled brown or reddish.
39. Dwarf Black May.
Seeds black.

40. Dwarf Black-seeded Algerian Wax.
Seeds black.
The pods of all these are white, and are very similar as regards

274 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

growth, &c., although they vary so much in the colour of the
seeds.

Plants of medium growth, seldom exceeding 12 inches in height.
Pods short and thick, of a white colour, which is not generally
approved of in this country.

2. Yellow-podded.

41. Red Marbled Yellow-podded Wax.
Seeds white, spotted or speckled red.

42. New Black Marbled Yellow-podded Wax.

Seeds white, spotted or speckled white.

These two are synonymous, and are similar in habit, growth,
&c., to the White-podded, differing only from them in having the
pods yellow.

List of selected varieties arranged according to the respective
season of coming into use :—

First Early.
Early White Etampes Canterbury. Osborn’s Forcing.
White Advancer. Fulmer’s Forcing.
Rachel. Haricot nain blanc quarantain.
Minier’s First Early. Sir Joseph Paxton.
Mid Season.
Negro. Best of All.
Black Canterbury. Newington Wonder.
Sion House. Yellow Champion.
Late.
Canadian Wonder. Victoria.
Cutbush’s Giant. Pheasant’s Hye,
Negro Long-podded. Zebra.

THE

JOURNAL

OF THE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

NEW SERIES.

VOLUME IV.

EDITED BY

THe Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.H.S.

LONDON:
RANKEN & CO., DRURY HOUSE,
ST. MARY-LE-STRAND.

1877.

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\

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.

Extracts from the Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society,
and Miscellaneous Matter ... site He ode ‘pe Bvatte!
I. On the Production of Honey-Dew. ‘Translated in Abstract from
a Memoir by M. Boussingault (Comptes Rendus, Jan. 8, 1872).

i—xl

By W. T. Tuiseiton-Dyrr, B.A., B.Sc., F.L.S. ... v4 ik a
II, a ae Fertilisation of Grasses. By J. Boswetu-Symz, LL.D.,
III, On Recent Progress in the Scientific Aspects of Horticulture. By
W. T. Tutserron Dyer, B.A., B.Sc., Professor of Botany to the
Royal Horticultural Socioty Sy a a Ht mt hy
IY. The Relative Influence of Parentage in Flowering Plants. By J.
Denny, M.D. ... Bs) sas oo vas a Wet aaa kG
V. On a Thermometer for taking Temperature at the Roots of Plants.
By Jamzs Guaisngr, F.R.S. ... pi nae ey ae a ee
VI. OnaDiy and Wet Bulb Thermometer. By James GuaisHER,F.R.S. 26
VII. On Dracena and Cordyline. By J. G. Baxer, F.L.S., Assistant
Curator of the Kew Herbarium _... me aM ret ey 4
VIII. Do Flies eat Pollen? By Atrrep W. Bennett, M.A.,B.Sc.,F.L.S. 30
IX. Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction ... aa eft fi OOO
X. Report of the Professor of Botany ... we a, ae Seni
XI. On Pteris serrulato-tremula. By Tuomas Moors, F.L.S,, Floral
Director to the Royal Horticultural Society (with Plate V.) ... 38
XII. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Lilies, with their
Native Countries, and References to the Works where they are
Figured. By J. G. Baxrr, F.L.S., Assistant Curator of the Kew
Herbarium __.... Peete shoes apes hee ae ToS gap: ae ae
XIII. Note on Phylloxera vastatriz. By Mr. Maucorm Dunn... wns 49
XIV. On the Cultivation of the Olive near Ventimiglia. By Mr. L.
WINTER ... hee ae ape ene aa bes tae mage sod
XY. Rainfall at Medellin, New Grenada, South America. Communi-
cated by Mr. W.sWizson Saunpers, F.R.S. be te fal O2
XVI. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticultural
| Society’s Gardens, Chiswick, by W. Spinxs. Reduced by R.
Srracuan, Meteorological Office... . ae zh pa
XVII. Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick, 1873. By
Tuomas Moors, Floral Director R.H.S. _... bss wee ok
XVIII. Report on Potatoes Grown in 1873 at Chiswick. By A. F.
Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to the Fruit Com-
MVS. owas Sane cee ae an oa ae ae eee 1e
XIX. Report on Kidney Beans Grown at Chiswick in 1873. By A. F.
BaRRon Ae a iene me er ie ee at ROO
XX. Report on Tomatoes Grown in the Garden at Chiswick in 1873.
By A. F, Barron oe pA Fy ff 4h ee aot LOB
XXI. Report on Peas Grown in the Garden at Chiswick, 1873. By A,
F. Barron dae Pa 2, ty ee aol me 3. LUG
XXII. A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Crocuses, with their
Native Countries, and References to the Works where they are
Figured. By J.G. Baker, F.L.S., Assistant Curator of the Kew
Herbarium aie af Uk ig do ee at owes aE
XXIII. Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s Gardens, Chiswick, by W. Srinxs. Reduced by R.
StracHAnN, Meteorological Office... oad on <a ‘ee, 120

li
XXIV.
XXV,
XXXVI.

XXVITI.
XXVIIL.
X XIX.

XXXIL

XX XIII.
XXXIV.

XXXYV.

XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX,

XL.
XLL.

XLII,

XLITI.

XLIV.
XLV.

XLVI.

CON TENTS,

A Classified Synonymic List of all the Species of Passiflore Culti-
vated in Europ3an Guirdens, with Referenc3s to the Works in
which they are Figured. By M. [. Masters, M.D., F.R.S.

On the Mildew of Hollyhocks. By the Rev. M. J. Berxerey,
M.A,, FB 9.5, ; vee se ol

On a Pink Sport of the Gloire de Dijon ‘Rose. By M. T. Masrers,
MOD, FS. se oe is BS

Pollen-Eating Flies. By — Ww. Bevnerr, M.A., B.Sc. F. biG

Report of the Chiswick Board of Direction (February, 1874)

Report on Plants Growa for Trial at Chiswick, 1874. BY THOMAS
Moores, Floral Director R.H.S.

. On the Winds at Chiswick and Barasbucy during 1873. By R.

SrracHan, F.M.S., Meteorological Offize ...

. Report on Broad Beans Grown in the Garden at Chiswick j in 1874,

By A, F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and PamMObery to the Fruit
Committee ns be rr

Report on Potatoes Gcowa ia “1874 ‘at. Chiswick. By. A. 1
Barron, Gardener-in-Chief, and Secretary to the Fruit Com-
mittee...

On the Hybridisation of the Black Monukka and Black Hamburgh
Grapes. By A. F. Barron, Gardener-in-Chief ...

Meteorological Observations taken at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s Gardens, Chiswick. Reduced by R. Stracuan, Meteoro-
logical Office

Results of Meteorological Observations made at Chiswick | in the
Year 1873 ‘e-

Report on Onions Grown at keen for Trial by the Fruit and
Vegetable Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1875,
By A. F. Barron

Report on Celeries Grown for Trial by the Fruit and Vegetable
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 1874-5.
By A. F. Barron bi
Report on Red and White Currants fruited at Chiswick 1875. By
A. FE’, Barron ... a0
Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick in 1875. By

Tuomas Moore, F.L.S., Floral Director ... Ab

Report on Potatoes Grown at Chiswick in 1875, under the direction
of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee

Report on Autumn-Sowa Onions Grown at Chiswick for Trial by.
the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1876 .

Report on Cauliflowers Grown for Trial at Chiswick by the Fruit
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1876

Report on Some of the Newer Varieties of Zonal Pelargoniums,
Grown in Pots under Glass for Trial by the Floral Committee of
the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 1876

Report on Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums Grown for Trial at Chiswick
in 1876...

Report on the Double-Flowered Varieties of Zonal “Pelargoniums
Grown for Trial by the Floral Committee of the Pines Horticul-
tural Society at Chiswick ee)

Report on Dwarf Kidney Beans Grown for Trial. by the Fruit
and Vegetable Committee of the oe lanai. Bovey at
Chiswick, 1876 M

125

169

. 201

. 228

234
247

. 251

vs 265

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
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J

-
7

XXXVI. Report on Onions Grown at Chiswick for Trial by the Fruit and
: Vegetable Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, aks:
. By A. F. Barron Nid I. Ree mn ney ote oe

-XXXVIL Report on Celeries Grown for Trial by the Fruit and Vegetable i
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 187: 4-5.
By A. F. Barron ns int sae SA Nii nee

XXXVI. Report on Red and White Currants fruited at Chiswick, 1876.
A. F. Barron ... si cy abe sweticin Pa hh a

XXXIX. Report on Plants Grown for Trial at Chiswick in a 1875.
‘ Tuomas Moosz, F.L.S., Floral Director ... 9... — y

Klee XL. Report on Potatoes Grown at Chiswick in 1875, under the dit ,
Wi LS a ay of me Fruit and abetasees Committee ... acne |

ms ae Report on (eutnoware Grown for Trial at Chiswick byt ‘es ta nee
ce atl ve hia _ Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1876

XLII. Report. on Some of the Newer Varieties of Zonal Panege
Grown in Pots under Glass for Trial by the Floral Com :
ahi e ‘the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 1876
LT) Report on Ivy-leaved Pelangoniums ods for Trial a at ; t
> Bae y in 1876 add ca eee ep: eee hee eb ae Lee's F
i LY. ‘Report on ‘the Double-Flowered i dabetie of Zonal Pa :
x ¥ : coe Grown for Trial by the Floral Committee of the bit dw
_ baal cri a at Chiswick — cae 423} tie a

i oe re

"Chiswick, 1878

! Mea