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ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

JUNE, 1886.

PUBLISHED HALEF-YEARLY.

SINGAPORE:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT Printing OFFICE.
1887.

AGENTS OF THE SOCIETY: G4 2
London and America, ... Trisner & Co.
Paris, ... Ernest Leroux & Cre.
Germany, ... K. I’. Koxwuner’s Anriquartum, Leipzig.

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ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

JUNE, 1886.

PUBLISHED HALF-YEARLY.

SINGAPORE:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1887.
AGENTS OF THE SOCIETY:
London and America, ... Tripner & Co.

aris, ... ERNEST Leroux & CIE.
Germany, ... K. F. Kosuter’s Antrquarium, Leipzig.

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eee 4) ee

| Bibliography of Siam, by EH. M. Satow, c. M. G.,

pond

Sri Rama a Fairy Tale told by a Malay Rhapsodist, .
W. EH. Mazwell, c.M.a., ... es 87

History of Malacca from Portuguese Sources,—Contri-
buted by HL. Koek, oe oe Sega Wi

Occasional Notes, ... a nh eon tel les)

ESSAY TOWARDS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.
8 CRS EBB

PREFACE.

ee@igr O published list of works relating to Siam is as yet
On in existence, and the present “‘ Essay towards a
ae ae Bibliography of Siam ”’ may, therefore, be excused—on
*#“ the ground of an endeavour to be useful—for its some-
‘ what premature appearance in an incomplete condi-
tion. It is not possible at Bangkok itself to examine all the
editions of separate books, nor to make adequate research in
periodicals and the publications of learned societies. Indeed,
without the help of numerous friends, only a very short list
of the last class of writings would have been practicable.
The compiler has, however, done his best with the materials
at his disposal, and trusts that the generous student will
sympathize with and pardon his shortcomings.

Many of the works whose titles are given in the following
pages are in the compiler’s library. For the opportunity of
examining others, he is indebted to His Royal Highness
Prince DEVAWONGSE VAROPRAKAR. His hearty thanks are also
due to Dr. Rost, of the India Office Library, Dr. O. FRANK-
FURTER, the distinguished Pali scholar, at present resident in
Bangkok, to Professor DOUGLAS of the British Museum, to
Mr. F. V. DICKINS, Sub-Registrar of the London University,
to Mr. WILLIAM MAXWELL, C.M.G., of the Straits Settlements,
and to Mr. B. H. CHAMBERLAIN, of Tokyo, Japan. Other
friends have contributed here and there a title, or a hint
where to find information, for which he owes them a debt of
gratitude. Last and not least he must acknowledge his ob-
ligations to the valuable bibliographical labours of MM.
CORDIER and LANIER, to a writer in an early number of
the Chinese Repository, and to the world-famous catalogues
of his esteemed friend Mr. QUARITCH. The bibliography

2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

of the brothers DE BACKER, which is restricted to the works
of the Society of Jesus, also deserves mention.

After much deliberation as to the arrangement which would
be most useful to readers in search of information, the pub-
lications relating to this country have been divided into four
classes, namely :—1st, General works on history and travel,
manners and customs; 2nd, Periodicals and transactions of
learned societies; 3rd, Language; and 4th, Maps. In the
first of these, a modified chronological arrangement has been
adopted, according to which the titles are given, not so much
with respect to priority of publication, as to approximate date
of composition, since some of these works have long remained
in manuscript form, until disinterred from dust and obscurity
by the diligence of modern editors—as for instance CORREA’S
“Lendas da India’’ and “ Cocks’ Diary.” This deviation
from strict bibliographical chronology seems to be justified by
the consideration that students will naturally wish to ascer-
tain what was known by foreigners about the country at any
particular period. A few titles of which the dates could not
be ascertained are placed together at the end of Part 1. ‘The
chronological rule has also been followed with regard to
philological treatises and scattered papers or notices on the
languaye. But in the case of periodicals and proceedings of
learned societies, an alphabetical order appeared more con-
venient, for the reason that it obviates too frequent repetition
of titles, and furnishes the reader with a list (in the present
case doubtless extremely meagre) of the articles in each
separate serial. In respect of maps, again, there seemed to
be no ground for adopting any particular kind of order, as the
number is so small that the trouble of examining all the en-
tries 1s insignificant. But separately published maps are dis-
tinguished from those which have been produced to illustrate
special works of history and travel.

In Part I, no separation has been made between books
which treat exclusively of Siam, and those which devote only
a part of their pages to this country, or mention it only inci-
dentally. Siam was not of sufficient interest to the early
travellers and explorers to obtain a volume to herself. It was
only when the Dutch and the French established trading fac-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 3

tories, and entered into close political relations with her, that
monographs began to appear. These were most numerous
towards theend of the 17th century. Many of them are con-
cerned chiefly with the interchange of embassies between
France and Siam and the fortunes of the remarkable CONSTAN-
TINE FALKON, whose policy gave rise to them, and whose
fate involved their ultimate failure. The 18th century was
the era of compilations and collections of voyages and travels.
Of original works, but few were produced, but the latter class
have greatly increased in number since the arrival of the first
Protestant missionaries in 1829 and still more since the con-
clusion of the existing treaties in 1855 and subsequent years.

Modern writers have not the same interest for us as those
earlier observers to whom the world was a fresh field of strange
discovery, and, with but one or two exceptions, their accounts
present but few new facts. There is still room for an entire-
ly original work on Siam, whenever a scientific knowledge of
the language, and that intimate acquaintance with the coun-
try, its people and its productions, which only systematic tra-
vel can impart, shall be possessed by a single individual.
Till then Siam must, in common with other eastern countries,
continue to labour under the disadvantage of being described
by the passing amateur tourist, whose least sympathetic
variety is the nineteenth century globe-trotter.

The mention of a strange country by poets and famous
writers of prose is always interesting, and it is believed, there-
fore, that quotations from CAMOENS, THOMSON and BOSWELL
will not be regarded as any more out of place, than references
to the quaint -notices by early travellers and traders, such as
VARTHEMA, BARROS, PINTO, COCKS, FITCH, and the stay-
at-home PETER HEYLIN.

A pretty copious index has been added, in which the names
of authors, as well as the titles of books and papers, are in-
serted in alphabetical order.

May, 1886,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

IND ex .

Aanmerkelijk en Naaukeurig
Verhaal, 72.

Aantekeningen, &c. betret-
fende Siam, 154.

Abeel, 115.

Alabaster, 143.

Albrand, 186.

Algemeine Welt-Historie, 101.

Ambassade de Siam au XVII®
Biccle, 132.

Ambassadeurs de Siam a St.
Quentin, 151.

Ambassadeurs Siamois, 1709.

American Baptist Missionary
Magazine. ( ? )

Amongst the Shans, 176.

Anderson, 109.

Anecdotes Chinoises, Japo-
noises, Siamoises, 103.

Annales de la Propagation de
la Foi, 186.

Annales de |’Extréme Orient,
185.

Archives des Voyages, 19.

Arthus, 20.

Artus, 32.

Asiatic Journal, 1g!.

Asiatic Society of Bengal, 189.

Mstley, 97.
Aymonier, 19g.

Bacon, 148; 201, 218.
Balbi, 15.

Bangkok Calendar, 192.

Bangkok Centennial, 166.

Bangkok Directory, 193.

Barros, I0.

Barros e Couto, 11.

Bastian, 140, 189, 239.

Bazangeon, 209, 223.

Beauvoir, 142.

Begin ende Voortgangh, 32,
33.

Berkenmeyer, 86.

Beschreibung von Siam, 33.

Beschrijving van Siam,
Schouten, 33.

Beschrijving van Siam, van
Mier 36.

Bionne, 185.

Bissachére, 107.

Blanc, 199.

Blaneck, 224:

Blyth, 229.

Bocarro 2:

Bock, 173.

Bohn, 127.

Bonze charmeur. (? )

Boswell, 54.

Bouddhisme a Siam. (? )

Bowring, 130.

Boy Travellers in Siam, 180.

Bradley D. Bi, 192; 194:

Bradley, John, 152.

Breve Ragguaglio, 52.

Brien, 199.

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

British Burma Manual, 160.
Brossard, 216.

Brown, Dr. N., 1809.
Brugiére, 186, 195.
Buchanan, 188.

Bulhao Pato, 3.

Camoens, 13.

Campbells Dire, 37

Castanheda, 7.

Castillon, 103.

Caswell, 195, 238.

Ceberein 21e

Cérémonies et Coutumes Reli-
gieuses, 84.

Challest7o:

Chandler, 220:

Chenclos, 197.

Chine, Japon, Siam et Cam-
bodge, 165.

Chinese Repository, 195.

Chinese and Japanese Repo-
sitory, 196.

Christison, 213.

Chronicas de la Apostolica
Provincia deS. Antonio, 91.

Churchill, roo.

Cocks, 25.

Colquhoun, 176.
Comparative Grammar of the
Indo-Chinese Languages,

243.

Comparative Vocabulary, 230.

Compendio de las Historias,
Wo:

Gonder 112.

Conversations on the Siamese
Mission, 183.

Cooke, 160.

Cordier jae
Gorreannie

Courvezy, 186.
Crawfurd, 11t.
Groizier, 1385, 223
Curieux Antiquaire, 86.
Gust, 242

Dabin, 220.

Dangeau, 55.

Darrac, 175

Davenport, 240.

Day, 205.

De Bourges, 44:

De Carné, 1450, 215¢.

De Chaumont, 50.

De Choisy, 60, 61.

Décugis, 224.

De Lagrées ge:

De la Hode, 94.

De la Loubére, 58.

Delaporte, 163.

De Larrey, 93.

Dedasiessae

De Morga, 22.

De Religione Siamensium, 33.

D’Encourt, 222.

DerSaz 100:

Deschanel, 168.

Descriptio Regni Siam, 33.

Description de l Univers, 74.

Description du Royaume Thai,
128.

Descriptive Dictionary of the
Indian Islands, 111.

Desfarges, 68.

Deslandes, 64.

Deux semaines a Bangkok,
224.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Dictionarium Latinum Thai,

234.

Dictionarium Lingue Thai,

oS.
D’Orleans, 63.
Dufresne de Francheville, 92.
Du Jarric, 24.
Du Nort, 21.

Bath, 119:

Fastern Seas, 1109.

Embassy to Cochin-China,
Siam etc.,.118.

England and France in [ndo-
China, 176.

English and Siamese Vocabu-
lary, 237.
English Governess at
Siamese Court, 144.
Etude historique sur les rela-
tions de Ja France et de
Siam, 170.

Ewald, 244.

Excursions et Reconnais-
sances, IgQ.

Expedition de Siam et Con-
stance Phaulkon, 133.

Explorations et Missions, 172.

the

Famille Royale de Siam, 174.
Peer, 185, 223.
Felner, 2.
fergusson, 155.
Finlayson, rIo.
Fischer, 211.
mitch, 27.
Floris, 28.
Fontpertuis, 165
Forbes, 243.
Forbin, 56.

Forchhammer, 2409.

Foreign Missionary Chronicle,
200.

Francais a Siam, Les, 134.

Francisci, 38.

Gallois, 133, 240a.

Ganier, 218.

(amen, 37, 147; 224.
Gegenwartiger Zustand von

Punk und Laos, 107.
Geographical Notes on Siam,
7.

Gervaise, 62.

Giburt, 174.

Girard 215.

Glanius, 4t.

Goes, 17.

Gouye, 50.

Government of Siam, On the,
b23:,

Grammar or the Phar Wan-
guage, 231.

Grammatica
222:

Grammatical Notices of the
Siamese Language, 232.

Grammatik der T‘ai Sprache,
244.

Grandjean, 215.

Grandpierre, 78.

Gréhan, 141.

Guerreiro, 23.

Gutzlaff, 114, 195, 216a.

Guyon, 95.

Linguze Thai,

Haas, 178.

Hallett, 217-

Hamilton, 83.

Hardouin, 199. °
Harmand, 159, 224, 228.

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Harris, 129.

Harris’ Travels, 96.

Hayart, 76.

Hedendaagsche Historie......
van alle Volkeren, go.

Herbert, 30.

Herkunft und Sprache der
transgangetischen Vé6lker,
240.

Heutige Historie der Kénig-
reiche Siam, etc., go.

Heylin, 29.

Hippon, 97.

Histoire civile et naturelle de
Siam, 102.

Histoire de France sous Louis
IW, OB

Histoire de la Marine Fran-
CalsensHZ4e

Histoire de la Revolution de
Siam, 69.

Histoire de la Revolution du
Royaume de Siam, 71.

Histoire de Louis XIV, 94, 98.

Histoire de M. Constance, 63,
64.

ane des Indes Orientales,

eet générale des Voy-
ages, 9g.

Histoire générale et particu-
lire des Finances, 92.

Histoire naturelle et politi-
que, 62.

Histoire philosophique et po-
litique des deux Indes, 182.

Historia de las Islas, 18.

Historia do Descubrimento e
Conquista, 7.

Historia General de las Filipi-
nas, 104.

Historia Indiz Orientalis, 20.

History of Indian and Eastern
Architecture, 155.

History of Siam, 161.

Indo-Chine et la Chine, 153.

Instructiones ad Munera
Apostolica, 42.

Introduction to the Siamese
Language, 248.

Itinerario, 16.

Jel, FO.

James, Igo.

Jancigny, 124.

Japon, Indo-Chine, Siam, etc.,
124.

Jaque, 19.

Jarricus, 24.

Java, Siam) ete. 142

Jones, 232.

Journal du Voyage de Siam, 60.

Journal kept during a Voyage
touSiam, sianae

Journal of an Embassy to
Siamand Cochin-China, 111.

Journal of the Indian Archi-
pelago, 203.

Journal of Three Voyages, 114.

Juan de la Concepcion, 104.

Kaempfer, 82.

Keane, 185.

IKXGinma, 18s.

King, 1832.

Kingdom and People of Siam,
ii 0). |

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM, 9)

KKirchengeschichte, 76.
Knox, 180.

KKortbondig Verhaal, 65.
Kea iisthmus of, 167.
Kraijyt; 154.

Kuhn, 184, 246.

Lafitau, 88.

Land of the White Elephant,
146.

amen: 170.

Weeblanc,'66.

Keeocg, 151.

Demeice, TS 7.

Lendas da India, 1.

Leonowens, 144.

Lepsius, 247.

Meteres cdihantes, 77.

Leyden, 188.

Ligor and Siam, 1209.

Linschoten, 16.

Livros das Moncoes, 3.

Poimus,.167.

Logan, 203.

Lorgeou, 185.

Loudon, 196, 227.

Komrerio, 123, 188, 203, 2164,
231.

Maffei, 14.
Malcom, 121.
Mallet, 74.
Malloch, 125.
Mandelslo, 34.
Manley, 33.

Maps, See Part IV.
Marini, 43.
Marten, 97.
Martin, 181.

Martinez de la Puente, 73.

McDonald, 145, 240.

McFarland, 240.

McLeod, 122.

Medhurst, 195.

Meistenads.

Mémoires de l’Abbé de Choi-
svi OF:

Mercure Gallant, 206.

Miche, 186.

Microcosmos, 29.

Milburn, 108.

Mission to Ava, 132.

Mission to Siam and
TO:

Missionary Herald, 207.

Missionary Journal, 113.

Modern Buddhist, 143.

Modern History, or Present
State of all Nations, 89.

Modern Traveller, 112.

Moedas de Siam, 158.

Monumentos Ineditos, 1, 2.

Moor, 117.

Moore, 220.

Mouhot, 138.

Moura, 169.

Miller, 245.

Hue,

Narrative of a Residence in
SHI, WAY

Naaukeurig Verhaal van de
Reis des Bisschops van
Beryte, 44.

INealey 126:

Neérlands vroegste letrek-
[sine ne Met sas Siam, 135.

Neis, 228.

Neue Weltbot, 87.

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Neu-polirter Geschicht-Kunst
und Sittenspiegel, 38.

New Account ofthe East In-
dies, 63:

New Voyage to the East In.
dies; Aue

Notices of the Indian Archi-
pelago, 117.

Nouvelle Géographie Univer-
Sellenig27.

Observations Physiques et
Mathématiques, 50.

O’Farell, 1409.

Olearius, 34.

Ongeluckige Voyagie, 31.

Ontmomde Jesuit, 49.

Oriental Commerce, 108.

Orientalisch Kunst-und Lust-
gartner, 75.

Osborn, 231-

Osorius, 12.

Ouden Nieuwe Oost- Indie, 81.

alle go 22856283,)235.

Pallu, 45.

ankesre2 lu.

Passive Verb of the Thai Lan-
guage, 241.

Raview Too.

Rays del iixtreme Onienty 150:

Pelsaene som:

Penible Voyage, 21.

IP Eremrel, 50.

Reuple Siamois, lean 77.

Philippine Islands, 22.

icanh Oar

Pigafetta, 5.

Pinkerton, 100.

Pinto, 8, 9.

Political Considerations rela-
tive to the Malayan Penin-
sula, 10g.

Postel, 185.

Pouchot de Chantassin, 70.

Preussische Expedition nach
China, Japan und Siam, 137.

Preussische Expedition nach
Ost-Asien, 136.

Prevost, 99.

Purehasy 26:

OQuedah, 127,5056:
Question du Tonkin, 168.

Raynal, 182.

Reboulet, 98.

Reclus, 172a.

Recueil des Vovages, 32.

Régéreau, 186.

Reis na Siam, 51.

Reis van Siam, 51.

Reisen in Siam, 140.

Relagam Anual, 23.

Relation abrégée des
sions, 45.

Relation de divers Voyages, 78.

Relation de ?Ambassade de
de Chaumont, 509.

Relation des Missions, 46, 47,
48.

Relation des Révolutions ar-
rivées a Siam, 68.

Relation du Voyage de l’Evé-
que de Beryte, 44.

Relation du Voyage de Perse,
se: -

Kelation du Voyage et Re-
tour, 70.

Mis-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Relation historique du Roy-
aume de Siam, 57.

Relation of the Revolution in
Siam, 100.

Relatione delle Mission, 46.

Relations du Cambodge avee
icysiam, 15,7.

Remarks on the Indo-Chinese
Alphabets, 239.

Residence in China and the
Neighbouring Countries, 115

Révue Maritime et Coloniale,
216.

Rheinart, 2:06.

Ribadeneyra, 18.

Richardson, 122.

Roberts, 118.

Rodanet, 185.

Roelofszoon, 32.

Roggewein, 129.

Rosny, 177, 204.

Royaume de Cambodge, 1609.

Royaume de Siam, 141.

Ruschenberger, 120.

Sachot, 150.

Salmon, 8g, go.

S. Antonio, gI.

Sanfardig Beskrijfning
Siam, 33.

Satow, 190.

Saunders, 108.

Scherzer, 1452.

Schetsen uit Siam, 162.

Schmitt, 199.

Schomburgk, 202, 226a.

Schott, 236.

Schouten, Joost, 33.

om

OF SIAM. 1

Schouten, Gautier, 80.

Second Voyage du Pére Ta-
chard, 51.

Semler, LOr:

Senn van Basel, 162, 185.

Septans, 199.

Siam and Laos, 175.

Siam au vingtiéme Siécle,
140.

Siam in the East Indies, 67.

Siam; its Government, &c.,
145.

Siam, its Productions, &c., 125

Siam Repository, 2109.

Siam, the Land of the White
Elephant, 148.

Siamese Domestic Institu-
tions, Laws on Slavery, 161.

Siamese Harem Life, 144.

Siamese Inscriptions, 189.

siamese Literature, On, 129:

piamese Hales, “105:

Siamesische Marchen, 140.

Siamesische Miinzen, 178.

Siamesische Laut-und Ton-
AGCENMLE, -2230-

SMMEME TOT OA a2 1@, 2%.

Sourches, 164:

Sozopolis, Bishop of, 186.

Sprachvergleichende Studien,
239.

Sprinckel, 32.

State Papers, Calendar of, 4.

Stato Presente di Tutti Paesi,
89.

Stécklein, 87.

Straits of Malacca, Indo-China,
CLC ES.

Struys, 40.

WY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Subsidios para a Historia da
India Portugueza, 2.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,
22.

SUS, Wilkes, WAM:

Taberd, 186.

Warclngirel, Sin, 52

Taverner, 20).

Wenllor, 135, 222.

Temples and Elephants, 173.

Ternaux-Compans, 19.

Thesaurus Rerum Indicarum,
24.

TINEVEMOL, @2.

Tinomsom, Isl, 1D, 18Os

Tinomsom, jlo, 85, 15.

Tomlin, 178, 1O5\.

dlones ot (thes siamese. vane
guage, Treatise on, 238.

Topping, 212.

Travel and Sport in Burmah,
Siem, Cie, 152

iravelsamne Siam were ne se

Travels in South-eastern Asia,
12

sireaties. 15,6) OO:

True Description of Siam, 33.

Wingo, wor

THO Womens” Powe tia Siete,

139.

Valentin, 18.

Vallandé, 185.

Was ID lk, Was:

Waa Neck. 32:

\Vam INGORE Zit.

Wain Whit, ee, 20:

Van Wusthof, 132, 81, 22x.

Varenius, 33.

Varthema, 6.

Vattemare, 153. -

Vertommannus, 6.

Viaggio dell’Indie Orientali,
15.

Vincent, 146.

Vollant des Verquains, 69.

Voltaire, 53.

Von Bergen, 241.

Voyage au Cambodge, 163.

Voyage aux Indes Orientales,
19.

Voyage de Siam des Péres
jesuites, 51.

Voyage d’Exploration en
Indo-Chine, 147.

Voyage des Ambassadeurs de
SIE, 5).

Voyage fait aux Indes Orien-
tales, 79.

Voyage Round the World, in-
cluding an Embassy to
Meer oe Siam, 120.

Walden, 202.
Wiernleiaming ce
Wheel of the Law, 143.
W icquefort, 34.
Winckel, 225.
Winkel, 185.
Wirthschaftlichen
IA Sym
Asiens, 145a.

Zustande
und . Osten
Nwlle, 132.

Zimmerman, 107.
Zoological Society, 229.

Pie. 1,

SiyeVRA rE WORKS
RELATING

IN WHOLE OR IN PART TO SIAM AND ITS DEPENDENCIES,

PMcruUSiVE OF THE LANGUAGE.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 15

PART 1.

Separate Works relating in whole or tn part to Siam
and its Dependencies, exclusive of the Language.

1. Correa: Lendas da India, published in the ‘ Collec-
¢ao de Monumentos Ineditos para a Historia
das Conquistas dos Portuguezes, em Africa, Asia
e America.’ 4 vols. 4to. Lisboa, 1858, 1860,
1862 and 1864.

Vol. I, p. 643, Ships from Siam passing by
the Maldives on the way to Mecca.

Vol. Il, p. 253, Siamese residents at Malacca,
ruled by their own “bendarda.”’

p. 262, Alboquerque sends Duarte Fernandes
and Simao de Miranda d’Azevedo as envoys to
Siam in a Chinese junk.

p. 284, Siamese junks carrying gold.

p. 381, Envoys from Siam visit Goa.

p. 471, (anno 1516) Duarte Coelho visits
Siam in a junk.

p- 524, Coelho’ passed the winter of 1516-17
in Siam. 3

p- 552, A son of the king of Siam taken pri-
soner by the Portuguese at the capture of Muar.

Eanii2)) \ndre des bnito im )1523) makes a
trading voyage to Siam.

Vol. IV, p. 418, Alonso Anriques cast a-
way on the west coast of Siam, and dies there.

2. Kelner: Colleg¢do de Monumentos Ineditos para a
Historia das Conquistas dos Portuguezes em
Africa, Asia e America, publicados da Academia
de Sciencias de Lisboa, sob a direccio de R. J.
ge-Lima Pelner: 4to. 10 yols., 1858-84. (See
Correa).

Se

€

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Vol. V. Subsidios para a Historia da India
POMC WCE)... so00006000 Contendo: I OW Emnordas
Pesos, Medidas e Moedas, por Antonio Nunes.
Il. O Tombo do Estado da India, por Simao
Botelho. III. Lembrangas das Cousas da India
emprs25. Lisboa, mss:

Lembrangas, &c., p. 6, Pam (Pahang) que
he noreynode Syam. p. 7, The king of Patani
absent in Siam.

Vol. VI. Decada 13 da Historia da India
composta por Antonio Bocarro. Lisboa, 1876.

p. 117, Single combat between the king of
Pegu and the Black king of Siam) betone tne
walls of Ayuthia.

p.p- 185-6, Tenasserim belonging to Siam in
1614.

p. 427, In 1615, fifty Japanese taken into the
Spanish service, landed at Singapore, whence
they proceeded to Siam and thence to their na-
tive country.

p. 517, Letter of the Portuguese swicerovmer
India to the king of Siam.

p. 518, Speech of the king of Siamicomene
Portuguese ambassador.

p. 519, Japanese Christians in Siam.

p-p. 520-6, Conversation between the ambas-
sador and the king.

p. 528, Conspiracy of a Siamese nobleman
against the king (in 1600 or 1608), in which he
was aided by a number of Japanese Christians.

p. 530, Dutch and English factories at Ayu-
thia.
under Jangoma and Zangoma for Chiengmai;
also Jungalao for Junk-Ceylon.

Buthao Pato: Livros das Mongcoes. 4to. Vol. 1, 1880.

Siam mentioned at pp. 175, 349, 351, 353-
Vol. Il, 1884, p: 3917) ‘The king of Asyamde=

signs making himself master of Siam.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. Wee

4, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Serics, East Indies,
China and Japan, preserved in Her Majesty’s
Public Record Office and elsewhere. 8Vvo.
4 vols. containing, vol. I, from 1513-1616: vol.
PeeeO17-1021 * vol, II. O22 1624) vols TV
1625-1629.

5. Pigafetta. Maximiliani Transyluani Czesari a secretis
Epistola de admirabile et nouissima Hispano-
ru in Orientem nauigatione, qua uaria, et nulli
Ptius accesse Regiones inuéte sunt, cum ipsis
etia Moluccis insulis beatissimis ......... sm. 4to,

The first edition was published by Minitius
Calvus in November 1523, (Ibid.)

There is an English version in Pinkerton’s
Voyages, Vol. XI. At p. 377 mention is made
of ‘‘India (residence of the king of Ciam, called
Siri Zacabedera), Jandibum [Chantabun]. ”

6. Varthema: The Hakluyt Society's translation, Lon-
don, 1863, gives in the preface, p. ili e¢ seg. a
list of the most important editions. The Latin
version is to be found in Grynzus’ “ Novus
Orbis Regionum ac Insularum veteribus incogni-
tarum,’ first published at Basle in 1532, and
again in 1537 and 1555. The Italian version
was inserted by Ramusio in his ‘‘ Primo volume
delle navigationi et viaggi, etc., Venetia 1550.’’
It was published in German in 1515, and again
in 1534 in a German translation of Gryneus,
at Strasburg; in Spanish, Seville, 1520. In
French it occurs in the “ Description de l’A-
frique, &c.” Lyons, 1556; and in Dutchin a
translation of Gryneus, Antwerp, 1563, and
separately in 1654 at Utrecht. In English it is
included in Eden’s “ History of Trauayle | in
the | VVest and East Indies. | London, 1577.”
Purchas His Pilgrimage, London, 1625-6, con-
tains an abridgment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Hakluyt Society's translation, pp. 196-200, an
account of Tenasserim (which formerly belong-
ed to Siam); p. 212, Sarnau (Siam); see also
Index.

Vertomannus: the latinized form of varthema.
The following is the title of Eden’s edition :—

The | History of Trauayle | in the | VVest
and East Indies, and other | countréys lying
eyther way, | towardes the fruitfull and ryche |
Moluccaes. | As | Moscouia, Persia, Arabia,
Syria, A°gypte, | Ethiopia, Guinea, China in
Cathayo, and|Giapan: VVith a_ discourse
of | the Northwest pas- | sage. | In the hande
of our Lorde be all the corners of | theearth. Psal.
g4. | Gathered in parte, and done into Englyshe
by | Richard Eden. | Newly set in order, aug-
mented, and finished | by Richarde VVilles. |
Imprinted at London ! by Richarde lugge. |
1577. | Cum Privilegio. |

(Besides a translation of Varthema, this vol-
ume contains “The vyages of the Spanyards
rounde about the worlde’’ condensed from
Pigafetta.)

7. Castanheda. Historia | do | Descobrimento | e | con-
qvista de India | Pelos | Portvgveses | por |
Fernao Lopez de Castanheda | Nova EdicAo. |
Lisboa. M.DCCC.XXXIII.| Na Typografia
Rollandiana. {| Por Ordem Superior. | 8 vols.
sm. 4to.

Livro III, Capitolo LXIJ, p. 213)"° Bimveme
se descreue ho grade reyno de Siao, & como
el rey de Sido mandou hum embaixador ao
gouernador.”’

(First edition, sm. folio, at Coimbra, by Joao
da Barreyra, book I, has the following colophon :—
‘‘ Foy impresso este primeiro Liuro da Historia
“da India em a muyto nobre & leal cidade
‘de Coimbra, por Joao da Barreyra impressor
‘del rey na mesma vyniuersidade. Acabouse

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 19

* aos vinte dias domesde Julho. De M.D.LIIII.”
This seems to be a second edition of book I,
the first having apparently been published in
1551. The colophon of book II recites that it
was printed by Jodo de Barreyra and Joao
Alvarez, and completed 2oth January, 1552
(O.S.); book III by the same printers, 12th
Se: 1552; books IV and Vby the same,
15th Betober, 1553; book VI by «Jodo de bar-
reira’ alone, 3rd February, 1554; book VII also
in 1554 and book VIII by Jodo de barreyra,
26th August, 1561. There was a reprint of
books I and [I by Francisco José dos Santos
Marrocos at Lisbon, 1797, the publisher being
Simao Thaddeo Ferreira; books 1, 4, 5, 6, 7;
in black letter.)

In Spanish: Historia del descubrimiento y
Conquista de la India por los Portuguezes,
traduzida en Romance Castellano, 12mo. An-
veres, Martin Nucio, 1554. (Quaritch.) It evi-
dently cannot contain the whole of the original
work.

In French: Le Premier Livre de [Histoire
de l’Inde, contenant comment l’Inde a esté
decouverte par le commandement du Roy Em-
manuel...... par Fernda Lopes de Castagneda,
etc., traduit du Portugués en Francois par
Nicolas de Grouchy, sm. 4to. Paris, 1553.

In English : The first booke Or THE HIS-
TO- | rze of the Discourte and Con- | quest of
the East Indias, enterprised by | the Portingales,
in their daungerous | Nauigations, in the time
of King | Dox eae pee seeeudior Ghar name. |
Which Historie conteineth | much varietie of
matter, very profitable | for ail Nauigators, and
not vnplea- | saunt tothe Readers. | Setfoorth in
the Por- | tingale language, by Hernan Lopes |
de Castaneda. | AND NOW TRANS- | lated
into English, by | N. L. Gent/eman. | Imprinted

20

8. Pinto:

2.

Pinto

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

at London, by | Thomas East. | 1582. | sm. 4to.
black letter.

In Italian: Historia dell’Indie Oriental1,
scoperte e conquistate da’ Portoghesi, dal Sig.
Fernando Lopes de Castagneda, tradotta da
Alf. Ulloa, 7 books sm. 4to, Wenetiavensi7e
(Quaritch.)

COPIA D’VNA DI FERNANDO Meédez di
diuerst costumt, ۩ varie cose, che ha utsto in
diuerst regni dell’ Indie nelli qualiando gran
tempo auantt ch’ entrasse nella compagnia dt
lesu, scrit ta nel collegio di Malac ca allt
scolart di detta compagnia nel Collegio dt
Coimbra in Portogallo.

Published in Diversi Avisi particolari dall’
Indie di Portogallo receuuti, dall’ anno 1551
sino al 1558. dalli Reuerendi padri della com-
pagnia di GIESV. (Venice, 1558.)

[Siam, called by him Sornao or Sion, de-
scribed f.f. 182v.-185. |

Peregrinagam de Fernam Mendez Pinto. Em
qve da conta de moytas e moyto estranhas
cousas que vio & ouuio no reyno da China,
no da Tartaria, no do Sornau, que vulgarmente
se chama Siao, no do Calaminhan, no de Pegt,
no de Martanao, & em outros muytos reynos
& senhorios das partes Orientais, de que
nestas nossas do Occidente ha muyto pouca o
nenhua noticia. E tambem da conta de moytos
casos particulares que acontercerdo assi a elle
como a outras muytas pessoas. E no fim della
trata’ breuemente de alguas cousas, & da
morte do Santo Padre mestre Francisco Xavier,
vnica luz & resplandor daquellas partes do
Oriente, & Reytor nellas vniversal da Com-
panhia de Iesus. Escrita pelo mesmo Fernao
Mendez Pinto. Dirigido a Catholica Real
Magestade del Rey dom Felippe o III deste
nome nosso Senhor. Com licenca do Santo

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. Bal

Officio, Ordinario, & Paco. Em Lisboa. Por
Pedro Crasbeeck. Anno 1614. A custa de
Belchior de Faria Caualeyro da casa del Rey
nosso Senhor, & seu Liureyro. Com priuile-
gio Real. Esta taxado este liuro a 600 reis em
papel. folio. (Cordier.)

Other editions :—

Lisboa, 1678 folio {Pagés).
Lisboa, Ijin 4) a
Lisboa, 2, ws 3
Lisboa, LjO2, me
Lisboa, 1829 sm. 8vo., 4vols.
In Spanish :—
Madrid, 1620 folio (Cordier.)
Madrid, 1627 1 vol. large 8vo.
Valencia, MOA See ee
Madrid, 1664 folio (Cordier.)
1690 folio (Pagés.)
1720) 3 93
In French :—
Paris, 1628 4to.
Paris, 1645 4to.
Paris, 1663 4to (Pagés.)
Paris, 1830 3 vols. 8vo. (Pagés.)
In German :—-
Amsterdam, 1671 4to.
Jena, 1809 8vo.
Jena, 1868 8vo.
In English :—
London, 1653 folio.
London, 1663 folio (Cordier.)
London, 1692 folio (Pagés.)
In Dutch :—

Amsterdam, 1653 4to.

[ Chapters 181-189 in vol. III of the Portu-
guese reprint of 1829 concerning Siam. |

ho

2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

10. Barros: Terceira | decada da Asia de|loam de
Barros: | Dos feytos que os Portugueses | fize-
ram no descobrimentos | & conquista dos
mares | & terras do | Oriente. | Em Lisboa |
Por ‘loam de Barreira. | M-DeLXIMiehe
(Book 2, chap. 5 “ Em que se déscreue 0 grande
reyno de Siam & algunas cousas notdueis delle.”’
See also Ib. chap. 4, and “ Segunda Decada,
Liuro Sexto,” f.f. 143; 144, 148, and) 151aan
the 1628 edition.

11. Barros e Couto: Da Asia | de | Jodo de Barros | e
de | Diogo de Couto | nova edicao | offerecida |
asua Magestade | D. Maria I. | Rainha fide-
lissima | &c. &c. &c.| Lisboa | Na Regia
Officina Typoegrafica. | Anno MDCCLXXVIII. |
Com Licenca de Real Meza Censoria, e Priui-
legio Real. | 24 vols. 12mo.

12. Osorius: De Rebus Emmanuelis Regis Lusitanize
gestis libri. XII. folio, Olysiponz a5 7m
(Quaritch.)

Another edition: HIERONYMI | OSORII
LVSITANI, | SILVENSIS IN ALGAR- | BIIS
EPISCOPI ; | DE REBVS EMMANVE= sels
REGIS LVSITANIAEIN- | VICTISSIMI VIR-
TVTE ET AVSPI- | cco, annis sex, agora,
domi forisgue ge- | stis, tbriduodecim. | .....
COLON AGRIPPINA:, | Apud > izerede-
Arnoldi Birckmanni: | Anno M. D. LXXVI. |
Cum gratia & priutlegio Cesaree Mates-
tatis.)

Another edition: By the same publishers.
M.D.LXXXI.

In Portuguese: Da Vida EF Feitosid liner
D. Manoel, XII Livros Dedicados ao Cardeal
D. Henrique seu Filho Por Jeronymo Osorio
Bispo de Sylves: Vertidos em Portuguez pelo
Padre Francisco Manoel Do Nascimento.
Lisboa, M.DCCCIV. Na Impresséo Regia,
Por Ordem Superior. 3 vols. &vo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 23

InePrench:) (HishOMmRE | DE PORTV-
GAL, | CONTENANT LES ENTRE- | prises
nauigations, & gestes memorables des | Portu-
gallois, tant en la conqueste des INDES |
ORIENTALES par eux descouuertes, qu’és |
guerres d’Afrique & autres exploits, depuis
Yan | mil quatre cens nonate six, sous Emma-
nuel pre- | mier, lea troisiesme, & Sebastia pre-
mier du nom. | Comprinse en vingt Liures,
dont les douze premiers sont traduits du |
Ponnwde SLEROSME OSOKRIVS, Enesgue
de | Sylues en Algarve, les hutt sutuans
prins de Lopez | Castagnede & a’autres
historiens. | Nouuellement mise en Francois,
par S.G.S. Auec vn discours du | fruit qu’on
peut recueillir de la lecture de ceste histoire, |
& ample Indice des matieres principales | y
contenués. | A PAR/S, | Chez Guillaume de la
Noué rué sainct Iacques au | Nom de IESVS. |
1581 | Auec Priutlege du Roy. | 8vo. |

In English: History of the Portuguese
during the reign of Emmanuel. 2 vols. 8vo.
1752. (Quaritch.)

[At the end of book 7 are a notice of the
mission sent by the King of Siam to Albu-
querque and a short account of Siam. |]

13. Camoens: Os Lusiadas.

(For the Bibliography of Camoens see
Juromenha’s magnificent edition, and vol. IV
of Captain Burton’s “ The Lusiads,’’? where a
Bibliography of the translations will also be
found.)

Canto X, estancias- 123, 125,.126.e 127.

2.

Olha Tavai cidade, onde comega

De Sido largo o imperio tao comprido ;
Tenassari, Queda, que he sé cabeca
Das que pimenta ali tem produzido.

24

i

126.

7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Mais avante fareis, que se conhe¢a
Malaca por emporio ennobrecido,
Onde toda a provincia do mar grande
Suas mercadorias ricas mande.

Mas na ponta da terra Sincapura
Verds, onde o caminho ds naos se estreita :
Daqui, tornando a costa 4 Cynosura,
Se encurva, e para a Aurora se endireita.
Vés Pam, Patane, reinos e a longura

De Sido, que estes e outros mais sujeita ;
Olha o rio Mendo, que se _derrama

Do grande lago, que Chiamai se chama.

Vés neste grdo terreno os differentes
Nomes de mil nagoes nunca sabidas ;

As Laos em terra € numero potentes,
Avas, Bramds, por serras tao compridas.
Vé nos remotos montes outras gentes
Que Gueos se chamam, de selvages vidas,
Humana carne comem, mas a sua

Pintam com ferro ardente, usanc¢a crua.

Vés passa por Camboja Mecom rio,

Que capitdo das aguas se interpreta ;
Tantas recebe d’outro sé no estio,

Que alaga os campos largos, e inquieta :
Tem as enchentes, quaes o Nilo frio:

A gente delle cré, como indiscreta,

Que pena e gloria tem despois de morte
As brutos animaes de toda sorte.

Englished by Richard Francis Burton :—

Behold Tavai City, whence begin

Siam’s dominions, Reign of vast extent ;
Tenassari, Queda of towns the Queen
that bear the burthen of the hot piment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 25

_ There farther forwards shall ye make, I ween,
Maldca’s market grand and opulent,

whither each Province of the long seaboard

shall send of merchantry rich varied hoard.

But on her Lands-end throned see Cingapur,
where the wide sea-road shrinks to narrow way :
Thence curves the coast to face the Cynosure,
and lastly trends Auroraward its lay:
See Pam, Patdne, and in length obscure,
Siam, that ruleth all with royal sway ;

behold Menam, who rolls his lordly tide

from source Chidmai called, Lake long and wide.

Thou see’st in spaces of such vast extent
nations of thousand names and yet unnaméd ;
Lads in land and people prepotent
Avas and Bramds for vast ranges faméd.

See how in distant wilds and wolds lie pent
the self-styled Gueons, salvage folk untaméd ;

Man’s flesh they eat : their own they paint and sear,

branding with burning iron,—usage fere !

See Mecom river fret Cambodia’s coast,
his name by ‘Water-Captain’ men explain ;
in summer only when he swelleth most,
he leaves his bed to flood and feed the plain ;
as the frore Nyle he doth his freshets boast ;
his peoples hold the fond belief and vain,
that pains and glories after death are ’signed
to brutes and soulless beasts of basest kind.

14. Maffei: IOANNIS PETRI | MAFFEII BERGOMA-
ise SOCITAKE (HESV.|-EHISTORIA-
RVM INDI- | CARVM LIBRI XVI. | SELEC-
TARVM ITEM EX INDIA | £f:stolarum eo-
deminterpreteLibrilV. | ACCESSIT IGNATII
FOIOLAE VITA POSTREMO | recognita.
Et in Opera singula copiosus Index. | FLOREN-
PES ewe VD) OPH Pe VM “LVNETAM., 4

26 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

MDLXXXVIII.| EX AVCTORITATE SV-
PERIORVM. | CVM PRIVILAGIO: |
(Mention of Siam is made in the 4th book, p.
80, “Sionis seu Sabanni Rege;”’ 5th book, p.
94, “ Sionis Regem;”’ 7th book, p. 130, Coe-
lio sent on a mission to the King of Siam at
Ayuthia.)
Other editions :—
1588 Rome, folio*
3 WV enetiisn Atos
1589 Lugduni, 4to*
> Colonize, folio.
> Nenetis, 40.
1590 Bergomi, 4to*
. Coloniz, 8vo.
1593 Coloniz, folio.
1605 Antverpiz, 8vo.
1614 Cadomi, 12mo, (Quaritch.)
1745 Bergomi, (Opera Omnia.)
1 AL Do. A ) 2 vols. 4to.
1751 Wiennz, folio.*
1752 Vienne, 2 vols. folio. (Pageés.)
In Itahan :-—
(Reo, lWunen7s. Ave.
1509. Wenetia, 4to. *
1749. Bergamo, 2 vols. 4to.
1806. Milano, 3 vols. 8vo.
In French :—
10044) Wyonrsvons
1653. Lyon, 8vo. (Pagés.)
1665. Paris, 4to. *
In German, Ingolstadt, 1586, 8vo.

15. Balbi: VIAGGIO | DELL’ INDIE | ORIENTAL, |
DI GASPARO BALBI, | Gioielliero Vene-

tiano. | Nel quale si contiene quanto egli in

detto viaggio | ha veduto per lo spatio dig. Anni

consumati | in esso dal 1579. fino al 1588. |

“® See List of Editions in the edition of the Opera Omnia, published at
Bergamo, 1747.

ci)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. eh
Con la relatione det dati, pest, & misure ai
tulle le | Citta di tal viaggio, & del gouerno
del Re del Pegi & | delle guerre fatte da lui
con altri Re @ Auua CF dt Sion. | Con la Tauola
delle cose pit notabili. ook PRR Pie Giles
ENS VIENETIA, MDXC. | Appresso Camillo

Borgominieri. | sm. 8vo.
[f. r15a. Guerra di Re del Pegi contra quello
di Silon, f. 115 v. Descrittione della citta imperiale
di Silon. In the preface and Index ‘Sion,’ the
old form of ‘Siam’ is used, and Silon is a mis-
print. |

Translated in Purchas his Pilgrimes, vol. Il,
and in Pinkerton’s Collection of Voyages and
Travels, vol. IX, p. 395.

16. Linschoten: ITIN ERARIO | Voyage ofte Schipvaert,
van Jan | Huygen van Uimnenaten naer Oost
ofte Portugaels In- | dien inhoudende een corte
beschryvinghe der selver Landen ende Zee-cus-
ten, met aen- | wysinge van alle de voornaemde
principale Havens, Revieren, hoecken ende
plaetsen, tot noch | toe vande Portugesen ont-
deckt ende bekent:- Waerhy ghevoecht zijn,
niet alleen die Conter- | feytsels vande habyten,
drachten ende wesen, so vande Portugesen aldaer
residerende, als van- | de ingeboornen Indianen,
ende huere Tempels, Afgoden, Huysinge, met
de voornaemste | Boomen, Vruchten, Kruyden,
Speceryen, ende diergelijcke materialen, als occ
die | manieren des selfden Volckes, so in hun-
nen Godts-diensten, als in Politie | ei Huijs-
houdinghe: Maer ooc een corte verhalinge van
de Coophan- | delingen, hoe ef waer die ghe-
dreven ef ghevonden worden, | met die ghe-
denckweerdichste geschiedenissen, | voorghe-
vallen den tijt zijnder | residentie aldaer. | Alles
beschreven ende by een vergadert, door den
selfden, seer nut, oorbaer, | ende oock ver-
makelijcken voor alle curieuse ende Lief- |

Ua

Goes :

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

hebbers van vreemdigheden. | t AMSTELRE-
DAM. | By Cornelis Claesz. op’t VVater, in’t
Schrijf-boeck, by de oude Brugghe. | Anno
CMS.) SOVIL | folio. [For Siam see pp. 23 and
27.| Other editions in Dutch are 2nd edition,
1596; 3rd edition, 1604-5; 4th edition, 16m:
5th edition, 1623; 6th edition, 1644. (Miuller.)

In French: Amsterdam 1610, 1619 and 1638.
(Miller.)

In Latin: Navigatio | ac Itinerarium |
Johannis Hugonis eine | scotani in Orientalem
sive Lusitanorum Indiam...... Hagze- Comitis |
ix officina,’ Alberti “Henrie. a 500mmalsommae
Amsterdam, 1609 (Pagés.)

In English: - London, 1598) and) Pamcsemes2
Ato. (Pagés.)

CHRONICA’ | DO SERENISSIMOs gsi.
NHOR RED |) D. EMANUELE SESCNMAS tien
DAMIAO DE GOES, | Dirigida ao Serenissimo
Principe Dom Hen- | xzgue, Lnfante de Por-
tugal, Cardeal | do Titulo dos Santos Quatro
Coroadas | fitho deste felicissimo Ret. | COIM-
BRA: |] Na Real Officina da Universidade, |
Anno de MDCCLXXXSX: | Com Licencammaa
Real Mesa da Commissao Geral sobre 0 Exame,
e| Censura dos Livros.| Foi Vaixada cada
hua das Partes desta Chronica em papel a 480
EIS; |) 2B WOIS, AO.

[Siam mentioned vol. 2, p. 5 and p. 106.]|

18. Ribadeneyra: HISTORIA | DE LAS ISLAS | DEL

ARCHIPELAGO, | YREY NOS) DE AGing-w
CHINA, DAR) VARTA. €CVGrING inte
MALACA, | SIAN, CAMBOXA TOMAR EOI
| Y de lo sucedido en ellos a los Religiosos
Descalcos, delaOrdendel | Seraphico Padre San
Francisco, de la Prouwimcia de San |iGresente
de las’ Philippinas. |) COMPVEST ASE Os
FRAY MARCELLO DERIBADE- Waza
companero de los seys frayles hijos de la misma

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. | 29

Prouincia Martyres glorio- | sissimos de lap-
pon, y testigo de utsta de su admirable
Mariureo. | DIRIGIDA A NVESTRO: RE-
VERENDISSIMO PADRE | Fray Francisco
de Sosa, Generalissimo de toda la ordé de N.
P. S. Francisco. | A /a buelta desta hoja esta
la suma de toda la Historia. | CON LICEN-
Che PRIVEE GIO.) |) En Barcelona, En
la Emprenta de Gabriel Graells y Giraldo
Dotil, Afio M.DCI. | r vol. 8vo.

[pp. 163-184 concerning Siam. |]

19. Jaque: Voyage aux Indes Orientales et Occidentales,
au royaume de Cambodge, etc., par Cristoval de
Jaques in Archives dés Voyages; etce-2 Mer

~naux-Compans, vol. I. The original was writ-
ten in 1606.

20. Arthus: HISTORIA | INDIAE | ORIENTALIS, |
Pye liSe Ay CLONE: | BVS COLEEC) A,
POG A | SE RIEM)) POPROGRAPHICAM
REGNO- | rum, Prouinciarum & Insularum,
per Afric, | Asizeque littora, ad extremos vsque
Ia- | ponios deducta, | QVA REGJONVM ET
INSVLARVM | situs & commoditas; Regum
& populorum mores & | habitus ; Religionum

.& superstitionum absurda varte- | tas; Lust-
tanorum item Hispanorum & Batauorum res |
geste atgue Commercia varia, cum rebus ad-
mira- | tione & memoratu dignissimis alzys,
tucun- | da breuitate percensentur atque |
describuntur. | AVYORE | M. GOTARDO
ARTHVS | Dantiscano. | COLONIAE AGRIP-
PINAE | SVMPTIBVS VVILHELMI | Lutzen-
kaneh | NINO MWe. Vill.

[p. 329 De Siano regno potentissimo, eiusque
ad Peguanum Regem translatione. Itemque
de Patane regno inter Sianum & Malacam
medio. |

21. Dua Nort: DESCRIPTION | DV PENIBLE VOYA.- |
Gir Sit NTO Rk Die MNIVERS | OV

30

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

GLOBE TERRESTRE, PAR Sr g@leiiiors
DV | NORT DVTRECHT, GENS RAID
OVATRE NAVIRES, =| assavoir: demecile
dite Mauritius, avec laquelle il est retourné
comme Admiral, l’autre de | Henry fils de
Frederic Vice-Admiral, la troisiesme dite la
Concorde, avec la quatriesme | nommé! Esper-
ance, bien montees d’equipage de guerre &
vivres, ayant 248 hommes en | icelles, pour
traversant le Destroict de Magellanes, des-
couvrir les Costes de Cica, Chili & | Peru, & y
trafiquer, & puis passant les MJolucques, &
circomnavigant le Globe | du Monde retour-
ner a la Patrie. Elles singlerent dey ema
dame \e 2 | luillet 1598. Et l’an 1601 d’Aoust
y tourna tant seu- |lement la susdite navire
Mauritius. | Ou sont deduites ses estranges
adventures, (> pourtrait au vif en diverses
figures, plu-sieurs cas estranges a luy adve-
nus, gu’il a rencontrez & veug. | Le tout tran-
slaté du Flamand en Francois, & a service de
ceux qui sont curieux, se delectent de nouvel-
les remarquables & dignes de memoire. | Im-
primé a4 Amsterdam, chez la Vefve de Cornille
Nicolas, Marchand Librai- | re demeurant sur
Veaué, au Livre a escrire. Lan 1009) stone
60 pp.

[p- 49 dealings with a Chinese of Patani for
pepper. | 7

Published in Dutch in the ~ Besmmende
Voortgangh’”’ etc. under the title of Beschriy-
vinge van de Schipvaerd by de Hollanders
ghedaen onder ’t beleydt ende Generaelschap
van Olivier van Noort, door de straet oft Engte
van Magallanes, ende voorts de gantsche kloot
des Aertbodems om.

This is re-translated in the Recueil des voy-
ages qui ont servi, &c. It is a different account
from the first mentioned, but the copper-plate

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 31

illustrations are the same in the first French
and the Dutch works.

22 DeMorga: The | Philippine Islands, | Moluccas
Siam, Cambodia, | Japan, and China, | at the
close of | the sixteenth century. | By | Antonio
de Morga. | Translated from the Spanish. | With
Notes and a Preface. | And a letter from Luis
Vaez de Torres, describing | his voyage through
ties Pores Straits. | By the | Hon. Henry E. J.
Stanley. | London: | Printed for the Hakluyt
society, | M..DeCCC. EXVIII.;| 8vo.

The original was printed in Mexico in 1609
under the title of “ Sucesos de las Islas Fili-
pinas,”’ 4to, and is extremely rare. (Translator’s
preface.)

23. Guerreiro: RELACAM | ANNAL DAS COV- |

Sa eOVE oPIZERAM OS, PADRES | da
Companhia de IkESvS, nas partes da India
Orien- | tal, & em alguas outras da conquista
deste Reyno nos | annos de 607. & 608. &
do processo da conuersao | & Christandade
daquellas partes, com mais | hua addigam 4
relagam de | Ethiopia. | TIRADO TVDO DAS
CARTAS DOS MES- | mos Padres que de la
vierio, & ordenado pello Padre Fernao |
Guerreiro da Companhia de \ESV, natural
de | Almodouar de Portugal. | Vay diuidida
em sinco liuros.| O primeiro da prouincia de
Goa, em que se contem as | missoes de Mano-
motapa, Mogor, & Ethiopia. | O segundo da
prouincia de Cochim, em que se contem | as
cousas do Malabar, Pegt, Maluco. | O terceiro
das prouincias de lapam, & China. | O quarto
em que se referem as cousas de Guiné & serra
Leoa. | O quinto em que se contem hua ad-
digdo a relacao de | Ethiopia. | Com Jlicenga da
sancta Inguistcam, Ordinario, & Pago. | EM
LISBOA: Impresso por Pedro Crasbeeck. |
ANNO M. DCXI. | Esta taixado este liuro em
260. reis em papel. | 8vo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

[p. 79 “A missam do remo de ysiammmse
comecou no anno de 606. no mes de Setembro,
SIC, |
24. Jarricus: R. P. Petri | larrici | Tholosani Societ : |

lesv | Thesavrvs | Rervm Indicarvm | In quo
Christianze ac Catholicee Religionis tam in | In-
dia Orientali quam alijs Regionib’ Lusita: | no-
rum Operd nuper detectis {| Ortus, Progress’,
Incrementa & | maxime que A P P. Soc: lesv
ibid | in dictae Fidei plantatione ac propa: | ga-
tione Ad Annum usque M.D.C. | gesta atque ex-
antlata sunt, non minus | Vere quam eleganter
recesetur. | Addita sunt, passim FEarunde Re-
gionum et eorem que | ad eas pertinet tam
Chorographicz quam | Historicze Descriptiones.
| Opus nune primuma M. Matthia Martinez e
gal: | lico in latinum sermonem translatum |
Permissu Superiorum. | Colonize Agrippine. |
Sumptib’ Petri Henningiy: {| Anno MDCXV.
3 vols. 8vo.

[Vol.1, p.713. Sionius Pegusianum obsidet ;
falsus rumor obsidium solvit.

Vol. Ill, p. 432. P. Balthasar Sequenusiim
Sionem mittitur, quem in animarum salutem
fructum fecerit. |

The original seems to have been printed at
Bordeaux in 1610-1614, 3 vols. 4to (De Backer,
VOL) pa e445)

25. Cocks: Diary of Richard Cocks cape-merchant in
the English factory in Japan 1615-1622 with
correspondence. Edited by Edward Maunde
Thompson. London. Printed for the Hakluyt
Society, 1883. 2 vols. 8vo.

[Contains numerous references to the trade
carried on by the English between Japan and
Siam. |

26. Purehas: PVRCAAS his PILGRIMAGE, JOre
RELATIONS | OF THE WORED) Sahm

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. ta)

GaP RELIGIONS | OBSERVED. IN ALL
AGES | And places discouered, from the |
CREATION vwzto this | PRESENT. | Fx foure
memes | VHS FIRST CONTAI-| NETH A
Theological AND | Geographicall His-
fone oe sia, Airica, |° azd America,
with the Flands | Adtacent. | Declaring the
Ancient Religions before the Flovd, the |
Fleathnish, Fewish, and Saracentcall in all
Ages since, tn those| parts professed, with
their seuerall Opinions, Idols, Oracles, Tem-
Mles |) Priestes, Lasts, Feasts, Sacrifices,
and Rites Religious: Their | beginnings,
Proceedings, Alterations, Sects, | Orders and
Successions. | With briefe Descriptions of the
Countries, Nations, States, Discoueries, |
Priuate and Publike Customes, and the most
Remarkable Rarities of | Nature, or Humane
Industrie, in the same. | By Samvel Pvr-
chas, Minister at Estwood in Essex. | Vuus
BEVS. wa Veritas. | LONDON, | Printed
by William Stansby for Henrie Frther-
stone, and are to be | sold at his Shoppe in
Pauls Church-yard at the | Signe of the Rose.
1613. | folio.

[p. 387. An account of Siam.

p- 393. The King of Siam invades Pegu. |

27. Fiteh: The Voyage of Mr. Ralph Fitch, Merchant
of London, .o Ormus. and so to Goa in the
East India; to Cambaia, Ganges, Bengala ; to
Bacola and Chonderi, to Pegu, to Jamahay in
the kingdom of Siam, and back to Pegu, And
from thence to Malacca, Zeilan, Cochin, and all
the coast of the East India. Begunin the Year
of our Lord 1583, and ended 1501.

In Hakluyt’s Voyages, vol. I]. In Purchas
his Pilgrimes, vol. II. In Pinkerton’s Collection
of Voyages and Travels.

28. Floris: The Journal of Mr. Peter Williamson Floris,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Cape-merchant in the same Voyage of Captain
Hippon. [In Purchas’ Pilgrimes, vol. I, p. 319;
also in Thevenot’s “‘ Relations .de Divers Voy-
ages Curieux,’ Paris, 1666, vol, I, towards the
end; in Astley’s ‘“‘ New General Collection of
Voyages and Travels, London, 1745, vol. I,

Pe 435 5)

29. Heylyn: MIKPOKO2MO=. | 4| LITTLE DE- |
SCRIPTION OF || THE GREAT WORrii
Whe third Edition. Revised. 7 i ayaummeren
Heylym. | Oxford, | Printed by /¢ 2) anday/e
for | William Turner and Thomas | Huggins.
1627. | 8vo.

[p. 676. A short account of Siam. ]

7th edition, OXFORD), Pimted by ieee
IAM TVRNER, and are to be sold at the black
Beare in Pauls Church-yard: 1636. 8vo.

The British Museum possesses also the
following :—trst edition, 1625, 4to; 4th edition,
1629, 4to; 5th edition, [1630?] 4to; 6th edition,
O22; ALO

30. ‘‘erbert: <A relation of some years Travaile, be-
gunne Anno 1626. Into Afrzgue and the
greater Asva, especially the Territories of the
Perstan Monarchie: and some parts of the
Orientall /ndzes, and Iles adiacent. Of their
religion, language, habit, discent, ceremonies,
and other matters concerning them. Together
with the proceedings and death of the three
late Ambassadeurs: Sir 2. C. Sir 72e)Sa ane
the Persian Nogdit Beg. As also the two great
Monarchs, the King of Persza, and the Great
Mogol. By WV: H. Esquier. London; fumed
by Wilham Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, 1634.
Sm. folio (Cordier) ; 2nd edition, London, 1638,
folio (Cordier) ; 3rd edition, London, 1665, folio
(Cordier) ; 4th edition, London, 1667, folio
(Cordier). |

In Dutch: Dordrecht, 1658, sm. 4to (Cordier) ;

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 35

Amsterdam, 1665, 4to (Vander Aa).

In French: RELATION DNA | VONONGE |
DEnPERSe | Br | DES INDES | ORIEN-
WMS | Traduite de VAnglois de Thomas
Picnvere | AVEC LS KEVOLV TIONS: AR-
RIVEES | au Royaume de Siam l’an mil six
cens quarante-sept. | Zraduites du Flamand
de leremte Van Viret.| A PARIS. | Chez
[EAN DV PVIS; rué S. lacques, 4 la Couronne
om ve DCN | AVEC PRIVILEGE
WieeOY, | 1 vol. Ato.

31. Pelsaert, F.: Ongeluckige voyagie van ’t schip Bata-
via nae de O-Ind., gebleven op de Abrolhos vy.
Pe OMtmMan, ...... ’t verongelucken des schips,
grouwel. moorderyen onder ’t scheepsvolck op
’t eylandt Batavia, 1628 en 1629. Nevens het
treur-bly-einde ongheluck d. O-I. Comp. in
1636 wedervaren in Siam, onder Jer. v. Vliet,
en de tyrannye v. Abas, Con. v. Persien 1645
begaen tot Espahan. Amsterdam, 1647. 4to
(Miller.)

Another edition ato, 1648 (Miller.) Se

32. Roelofszoon: Kort ende waerachtigh verhae:‘van de
tweede Schipyaerd by de Hollanders op Oost-
Indien gedaen, onder den Heer Admirael Iacob
van Neck, getogen uyt het Journael van Roelof
Roelofsz, vermaender op *t Schip Amsterdam,
ende doorgaens uyt andere Schrijvers vermeer-
dert. (In vol. I of “ Begin ende Voortgangh |
van de | Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoetro-
yeerde | Oost-Indische | Compagnie...... Ged-
ruckt in den Jaere 1645. 4to. 2 vols).

(Quaritch mentions an edition of 1646).

[At p. 12 of this voyage of Van Neck begins
an account of Patani, partly by Victor Sprinckel,
and partly by Gottard Artus of Danzig. p. 20
an account of Siam by the latter. |

Imenentch’: “Kecuell= |) Des Voyages |) qui
Ont Servi | A L’Etablissement | Et Aux Pro-

33.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

grez | De La | Compagnie | Des Indes | Orien-
tales, | Formée | Dans les Provinces-Untes des
Pais-Bas. | Nouvelle Edition, revéé par l’Auteur
& conside- | rablement augmentée. | Enrichie
d’un grand nombre de Figures en Taille-
douce. | A Rouen, | Chez Jean-Baptiste Machull
le jeune. | rué Damiette, vis-a-vis S Maclou. |

M. DCC. XXV. | Avec Aprobation & Privilege
du Rot. 10 Vols. 12mo. Vol. 3 contains the
Voyage of Van Neck.

Another edition, 5 vols. 12mo. at Amster-
dam, 1710-3-5-5-6. (Pagés.)

Another edition, Seconde edition reveue,
& augmentée de plusieurs piéces curieuses. A
Amsterdam, Chez J. Frederic Bernard, MDCC
XXV. 6 vols. 12mo.. Vol.- 2° p: 157)secome
Voiage de Jaques van Neck, Amiral Hollandais.

Schouten. Beschrijvinge van de Regeeringe, Macht,

Religie, Co- | stuymen, Traffijcquen, ende
andere remercquable saecken, des Coningh-
rijcks | Siam. Gestelt inden Jaere 1636. door
Ioost Schouten, Directeur weghens de geoctro-
yeerde Oost- | Indische Compagnie aldaer. |

{ At the end of vol. 2 of ‘Begin ende Voort-
gangh vande Vereenighde Neederlandtsche
Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie 2 vols.
long 4to, 1645.|

Beschrijvinghe van de Regeeringe, Macht, |
Religie, Costuymen, Trafficquen, ef andere
remercquable | saken, des Coninghrijcx Siam.
Gestelt inden [are 1636. door | Ioost Schouten,
Directeur wegens de geoctroyeerde Oost-In- |
dische Compagnie aldaer. [In Beschrijvinghe
Van het Machtigh Coninckrijcke Japan,.........
gesteldt door Frangoys Caron, T’Amsterdam,
1648. sm. 4to. |

Another edition “’s Gravenhage,” 1648.

Another edition “t’Amstelredam,’’ 1652.

Another edition, Dordrecht, 1652.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM, 37

Another edition, [in Rechte Beschrijvinge
Van het Machtigh Koninghrijck van lappan......
voorgestelt door den Heer Philips Lucas,......
ende door Heer Francoys Caron...... In ’sGra-
venhage, by lIohannes Tongerloo, Boeckver-
kooper, 1662. |

(Pagés mentions a revised edition 1715.)

In German: Beschreibung | Der Regiring,
Macht, Reli- | gion, Gewonheiten, Handlung-
en, | und anderer denckwuerdigen Sa- | chen,
in dem Koenigreich Siam; | gestellt und auf-
gesetzt im Jahr | 1636. von Jobst Schouten
(oder Scholtzen) als der etliche Jahre | Direc-
teur wegen der verguenstigten | Ost-Indian-
ischen Compagn. da- | selbst gewest. [In
Fr. Carons, und Jod. Schouten wahrhaftigen
Beschreibungen zweyer maechtigen Koenig-
reiche, Jappan und Siam........ Niirnberg,.........
1663. sm. 8vo.]

Another edition in ‘Wahrhaftige Beschrei-
bungen dreyer maechtigen Koenigreiche, Japan,
Siam und Corea,.....: so mit neuen Anmerkun-
gen und schoenen Kupferblaettern von Chris-
topher Arnold vermehrt, verbessert, und geziert
eee Nirnberg......1672. sm. 8vo.

In English: A true Description | of the |
Mighty Kingdoms | of | Japan | and | Siam. |
Written Originally in Dutch by | Francis
Caron | and | Joost Schorten: | And now
rendred into English by | Captain Roger Man-
ley. | London: | Printed by Samuel Broun and
John de 1|’Ecluse, at | the sign of the Queens
Arms, near the little | North Door of St. Paul’s
Church, 1663. sm. 8vo.

Another edition: Printed for Robert Boul-
ter, at the Turks-head in Cornhill, over against
the Royall Exchange, 1671. sm. 8vo.

In French: To be found in vol. I of The-
vyenot’s “Relations de Divers Voyages Curieux”’

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Paris, 1666, under the title of ‘ Relation du
Royaume de Siam, par Joost Schuten.”’

In Swedish: Sanfardig Beskrijffning om .
Konungarijket Siam uthi Hollandska spraket
1636 forfattet. I. Kankel Wijsindzborg 1675.

In Latin: DESCRIPTIO | REGNIESIEai ia
PER | 1ODOCVM SCHOVTEN DY My az74|
fuit in tllo Director mercature nomine |
Societatis Belgice Indix Orientalis, | aliquot
annis, & anno MDCXXXVI | hee scripsit
Belgico sermone. | Translata in Latinum | PER
BERNHARDVM VARENIVM. | and

APPENDIX | DE RELIGIONE|| SSianrense
vm | Ex Descriptione Belgica Todocit | Schou-
tent.

my above are part of a tiny volume entitled
‘Descriptio | Regni [aponiz | Cum quibus-
dam | affinis materie | 2x variis auctoribus
collecta | et tn ordinem redacta per | Bern-
hardvm Varenivm | Med. D. | AMSTELO-
DAMI, | Apud Ludovicum Elzevirium. | ANNO
M.DC.XLIX. sm. vo. pp, 237 and 220; an-
der Aa mentions an edition at Cambridge 1673,
SvO.

24. Mandelslo: Albert von Mandelslohe. Schreiben von
seiner Ost-Indischen Reise aus der Insel
Madagascar anno 1639, samt einen kurtzen —
Bericht von dem jetzigen Zustand des 4dus-
sersten orientalischen K6nigreichs Tzina mit
etlichen Anmerkungen. Schleswig, 1645.
HOW, (Coreherr,}

Second edition, Schleswig, 1658. (Cordier.)

Third edition.

Des fuertrefflichen wohlversuchten Meckel-
burgischen | von Adel Herrn Johan AlI-
brecht | von Mandelslo | Morgenlandische
Reise- | Beschreibung. | Worinnen zugleich der
Zustand der fuernembsten Ost- | Indianischen
Laender, Staedte und der Einwohner Leben,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 39

Sitten, Hand- | thierung und Glauben ; wie auch
die gefaehrliche Schiff- | fahrt ueber das Ocean-
ische Meer berichtet | wird, | Zum andern mahl
heraus gegeben | Und mit etlichen denckwuer-
digen, vermehrten Notis | oder Anmerckungen
wie auch mit vielen Kupfferstuecken | gezieret |
Durch | Adam Olearium, Fuerstl. Schleszwig-
Holsteinischen | Bibliothecarium auffGottorff. |
Cum gratia & Privilegio. | Bey Christian Guth
Buchhaendelern in Hamburg. | Schleszwig |
Gedruckt in der Fuerstl Druckerey durch
Johan Holwein. | Im Jahr 1668. Folio. [ p. 184 a
short account of Siam. |

Fourth edition, in Olearius, Hamburg, 1696.
Folio. (Cordier.)

In Dutch, Amsterdam, 1651, 4to. and Am-
sterdam 1658, 4to. (Cordier.)

In’ French, Paris:1656, 4to.- (Cordier.) Paris
1659, 2 vols. 4to. (Vander Aa.)

Also, VOYAGES | Celebres & remarqua-
Wee eats sdey | BER SE | aux | INDES
ORE NALES | Parle Sr. | JEAN-ALBERT
DE MANDELSLO, | Gentilhomme des Ambas-
sadeurs du Duc de Holstein en Moscovie &
Perse. | Contenant une Description nouvelle &
trés-curieuse de l|’Indostan, de l’Empire du |
Grand-Mogol, des Iles & Presqu’iles de 1’Orient,
des Royaumes de Siam, | du Japon, dela Chine
du Congo, &c. | Ox lon trouve la situation
exacte de tous ces Pays & Etats; & ox Lon
rapporte assez au | long le Naturel, les Meurs
& les Coutumes de leurs Habitans ; leur Gouv-
erne- , ment Politique § FEcclesiastigue; les
Raretez gut se rencontrent dans ces | Pays ;
& les Ceremonies qu’on y observe | Mis en
ordre & publiez, aprés la mort de l’Illustre
Voyageur, par le Sr. ADAM OLEARIUS, |
Bibliothecaire du Duc de Holstein, & Mathe-
maticien desa Cour. | 7radutts del’Original |

40

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Par le Sr. A. DE WICQUEFORT. | Consezller
des Conseils d’Etat & Privé du Duc de Brun-
swick, Lunebourg, Zell, &c. Resident de
’Electeur de| Brandebourg, & Auteur de
VAmbassadeur & de ses fonctions. | Divisez
en deux Parties. | Nouvelle Edition revite &
corrigée exactement, augmentée considerable-
ment, tant dans le corps de l’Ouvrage | qu’aux
Marginales & surpassant en bonte & en beauté
les précedentes Editions.| On y a encore
ajouté des Cartes Géographiques, des Repré-
sentations des Villes, & autres Taille- | douces
trés-belles & trés-exactes. | On y trouve a la
jin une Table fort ample & fort exacte.| A
AMSTERDAM, | Chez MICHEL CHARLES
LE CENE, Libraire, | Chez gui l'on trouve un
assortiment general de Mustique. MDCCXXVII
| Avec privilege. 2 vols. folio. [Description
of Siam, cols. 304 to 331, much more detailed
than in the original edition. The editor has
apparently made considerable use of Schouten,
Givi:

Te English: The Voyages and Travels of
the Ambassadors sent by Frederick Duke of
Dlolstem=..-:: whereto are added the travels of
John Albert de Mandelslo...... Faithfully ren-
dered into English, by John Davies of Kidwelly.
London, 1662. Sm. folio. (Cordier.)

Vander Aa mentions an edition of 1669.

See also Harris, Navigantium atque Itineran-
tium Bibliotheca.

Van Vliet: Relation historique de la maladie et de la

mort de PRA-INTER-VA-TSIA-THIANT-
SIANGH PHEEVGK, ou du grande & juste
Roy de l’Elefant blanc, & des revolutions ar-
rivées au Royaume de Siam, jusqu’a l’advene-
ment 4a la Couronne de PRA ONGLY, qui y
regne aujourd’huy, & qui prend la qualité de
PRA-TIAVW, PRA-SATHOVGH, PRA-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 41

TIAVW TSANGH, PRA TIAVW ISIANGH
IHON-DENGH-PRA THIANGH CHOBOA.
C’est a dire Roy du thréne d’or, comme aussi
du rouge & blanc Elefant, 4 la queué tortillée.
sent en Van- 1647. Par leremie van Vliet.
[At p. 569 of the French version of Herbert,

Giv.|

36. Van Vliet: Beschryving | van het | Koningryk Siam.
| Mitsgaders | Het verhaal van den Oorsprong,
onderscheyd, | Politijke Regering, d’Ecclesias-
tique, en costuy- | melijke Huyshoudinge, van
d’Edelenen | Borgerlijke Lieden : Als mede den
loop | der Negotie, en andere remarqua- | ble
saaken des Koningrijks Siam. | Beschreven
door d’Heer Jeremias van Vliet d’oude. | L. G.
gewesen Opperhoofd in Siam, naderhand Gou-
verneur | van Malacca, en Raad van India. |
Als mede | Het verhaal der staats-omkeering en
in Siam, | voorgevallen | in *t Jaar 1688, uyt
het handschrift van den Opper- | gesaghebber
aldaar. | En | Het leven en daden van d’Heer
Constantyn | Faulcon, erste geheyme Raad van
| gemelte Koningrijk Siam. | Tot Leiden. |
By Frederik Haaring, 1692. | sm. 4to.

See also Herbert.

37. Garnier: Voyage lointain aux royaumes de Cam-
bodge et Laouwen par les Néerlandais et ce qui
s’y est passé jusqu’en 1644. Paris, 1871. 8vo.
Translated from the Dutch original, dated
1669. (Miiller.)

388. Francisci: Neu-polirter | Geschicht-Kunst- | und |
Sitten-Spiegel | auslaendischer Voelcker | fuer-
nemlich | Der Sineser, Japaner, Indostaner,
Javaner, Malabaren, | Peguaner, Siammer, Pe-
ruaner, Mexicaner, Brasilianer, Abyssiner, |
Guineer, Congianer, Asiatischer Tartaren, Per-
Ser, “Armenier, | Puercken, Russen, und theils
anderer Nationen mehr: | welcher, | in sechs
Buechern, | sechserley Gestalten weiset ; | als |

39.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

I. Mancher seltsamer Geschichte, aumereklicher .
Faelle, wie auch etlicher wundersamer | Berge,
Hoelen, und Fluesse: | II. Der Policey-und
Kriegs-Ordnungen, Gebraeuchen, Sitten, und
Gewonheiten, | Tugenden und Laster: | III.
Der Geistlhchen Ceremonien und Kirchen-Ge-
braeuchen, aberglaubischer Gottes- | diensten,
Goetzen-Bilder, praechtigen Tempel; standhaffter
Bekenntnis- | sen und feindlicher Verfolgungen
Christliches Glaubens, wie auch wah- | rer und
falscher Maertyrer: | IV. Der heidnischen Wis-
senschaften, Kuensten, und Handwercken, wie
auch Lust-und | Freuden-Spiele, so heutiges
Tages, unter oberzehten Voelckern, getrie- | ben
werden: | V. Der Asiatischen und American-
ischen Jagten, imgleichen mancher wilden
Thiere, | nebenst andern dahin zielenden Dis-
cursen: | VI. Der letzten Ehren-Dienste, Leich-
Begaengnissen, Grab-Besuchungen, etlicher |
alter Monumenten, fuernemer und gemeiner
Graeber: | Dem schau-begierigenLeser darges-
teltt | von | Erasmo Francisci | Cum Privil.S. C.
Majest. Speciali. | Nuernberg, | In Verlegung
Johann Andre-Endters, und Wolfgang desz
Juengern Seel. Erben. | Anno M.DC.LXX. folio.

Tavernier. Six voyages en Turquie, en Perse et aux

Indes, et recueil de plusieurs relations et traitez
singuliers et curieux, sur le Japon; histoire de
la conduite des Hollandais en Asie, etc. Am-
sterdam, 1674, 8vo. (Pagés.)

Another edition, 3 vols, 4 to, hanis; rego:
(Quaritch.)

Another edition, 1679, 3 vols, 8vo. (Pagés.)

LES SIX | VOYAGES | DE JEAN-BARITS-
TE | TAVERNIER, | CHEVALIER VB AR@n
D’AUBONNE, | OWIL A FAIT | EN DURE
OQUIE, EN PERSE | ER AUX INDES iene
dant l’espace de quarante ans, & par toutes les

| routes que l’on peut tenir, accompagnez d’ob-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 43

ser- | vations particulieres sur la qualité, la
Religion, | le gouvernement, les coitumes &
le commerce | de chaque pais; avec les figures,
le poids, & la | valeur des monnoyes qui y ont
EQUGSH || 2... ons Nouvelle Edition, reveué, cor-
rigée, & augmentée de | diverses choses cu-
meuses. | A PARIS | Chez GERVAIS CLOU-
ZIER, au Palais, sur les degrez en | montant
pour aller 4 la Sainte Chapelle, au Voyageur. |

POC UXXXl |) AVEC LAIVILECE DV
wa We. |" 2 vols. 4to.

Another edition: 1692. 3 vols. 8vo. (Pagés.)
[Part II], Bk. II], Chap. XVIII, pp. 394-400, a
short account of Siam. |

In Dutch: Amsterdam, 1682, 3 vols. (Pagés.)
Wireeht, 1702. 3 vols.,12mo0. (OQuaritch.)

In German: Herrn | Johann Baptisten Taver-
niers, | Freyherrn von Aubonne, | Vierzig-Jaeh-
mec) eise-beschreibung. | ..... ... Auch noch
ueber disz | .....beijgefueget wird | Jacob Spons,
Med. Doctoris, |.Curieuse Reise, | durch Ita-
lien, Dalmatien, Griechen-und Morgenland. |
Alles, | Teutscher Nation zu Liebe, Nutz und
Ergoetzung, aus dem | Franzsoesischen in das
Teutsche treulichst uebergetragen, | und zum
Druck betoerdert, | durch j F. Menudier,........
Nuernberg, | In Verlegung Johann Hofmanns,
Buch-und Kunsthaendlers. | Daselbst gedruckt
bey Andreas’ Knortzen.| Im Jahr Christi
M. DC. LXXXI. 3 vols. folio.

Another translation: Beschreibung | der |
Sechs Reisen, | Welche | Johan Baptista Taver-
BREET: [ce e's In Tiirckey, Persien und Indien, |
innerhalb vierzig Jahren, durch alle Wege, die
man | nach diesen Laenderen nehmen kan,
MeEMChtet = |. ..55.- Anfangs Frantzoesisch bes-
Glumieben es oe os. anjetzo aber | nebenst der
Beschreibung des Tuerckischen Serrails, und
der Kroenung des jetzt Regierenden | Koenigs in

Ad,

40),

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Persien, in der Hoch-Teutschen sprach ans
Liecht gestellt, | Durch Johann Hermann
Waderhold: a5. Genff. | Im Jahr M.DC.XXXI.
3 vols. folio.

In English: Six Voyages through Turkey
and Persia to the Indies, published by E. Everard.
2 vols. folio 1680-84 (forming vols 1 and 2 of a
“Collection of Voyages of Tavernier, Benier,
and others.” Quaritch).

Struys: J. J. Struys | Drie aanmerkelijke en seer
rampspoedige | Reysen, | Door | Italien, Griek-
enlandt, Lijflandt, Moscovien, | ‘Tartarijen,
Meden, Persien, Oost-Indien, Japan, | en ver-
scheyden andere Gewesten. | Waar in vertoont
werden, | Behalven een nauwkeurige, en om-
standige beschrijvinge der | gemelde Landen,
en *t geen tot haar nature gehoort, seer won-
der- | lijke en waarachtige toevallen den Auteur
overgekomen door | Schipbreuken, Plonder-
ingen, Slavernije onder de Tur- | ken en Per-
sianen sware Hongers-noot Pijni- | ging, en
ondere ongemakken. | Aangevangen Anno
1647. en voor de Derde, of laatste Reys t’Huys
geko- | men 1673. begrijpende soo in alles
den tijdt van 26 jaren. | Nevens twee Brieven
particulierlijk verhandelende het overgaan van
Astracan, | en *t geene aldaar omtrent is voor-
gevallen; En daar in ook een verhaal | der
elenden, en sware ongemakken, uytgestaan by
D. Butler, | door hem selfs geschreven uyt
Ispahan. | Met verscheydene curicuse koopere
Platen, door den Auteur selfs na| het leven
geteekent, verciert. | t Amsterdam, | By Jacob
van Meurs, op de Keysers-Graft, en Johannes |
van Someren, in de Kalverstraat, 1676. Met
Privilegie. | 1 vol. 4to. (Vander Aa mentionsa
folio edition, same place and year.) .

Another edition, Amsterdam 1686. 4to.
(Cordier.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 45

Another edition, Haarlem, 1741-2, 4to. (Cor-
dier.)

Another edition, Amsterdam, 1746, 4to.
(Cordier.) .

Another edition, Amsterdam, 1705, 4to.
(Cordier.)
Another edition, Amsterdam, 1713, 4to.
(Cordier.)
In German: Amsterdam, 1! 48; folio. (Cordier.)

yi
Amsterdan, 1678, folio. (Vander
pas)

In French: Amsterdam, 1681, 4to (Cordier.)
Lyon, 1683, 3 vols. 12mo. (Cor-

dier.)

Paris, 3 vols. 12mo., 1719. (Cor-
dier.)

MMSEeKOAM, 1718, 3 Vols. 12m0.
(Cordier.)

Amsterdam, 3 vols. sm. 8vo, 1720.
(Cordier.)
Rouen, 3 vols. 12mo., 1724. (Cor-

dier.)

Lyon, 3 vols. 12mo., 1683. (Cor-
dier.)

Eyon, 3 vols. 12mo., 1684. (Cor-
dier.)

im Enelish= ~PHE |, VOIAGES. ‘and. TRA-
Pes OF | JOHNSTRUYS | THROUGH |
Italy, Greece, Muscovy, Tartary, Media,
Persia, East- | India, Fapan, and other
Countries in Europe, | Africa and Asia: |
CONTAINING | Remarks and Observations |
UPON | The Manners, Religion, Polities, Cus-
toms and Laws of the Inhabitants; | AND A |
DESCRIPTION | of their several | Cities,
Towns, Forts, and Places of Strength: | To-
gether with | An Account of the Authors many
Dangers by Shipwreck, Robbery, {| Slavery,
Hunger, Torture and the like. | AND | Two

46 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Narratives of the Taking of Astracan by the
Cossacks, sent from | Captain Da buclees
Illustrated with Copper Plates, designed and
taken from the Life by the | Author himself. |
Done out of Dutch, By JOHN MORRISON. |
London: Printed for Adel Swadlle, and are
to be sold at the Unicorn at the West- |
End of S. Paul’s, and Sam, Croweamae
the Flower de luce in Popes-Head Ally in
Cornhil. 1684. | 4to.

(Vander Aa mentions an English edition of
1683 in 4to, with a different title-page.)

4). Glanius: A | NEW VOYAGE | Wel the sa Asie
INDIES: | Containing | An Account of several
of those | Rich Countries, and more par- |
ticularly of the Kingdome of | BANTAM. |
Giving an exact Relation of the | extent of that
Monarch’s Dominions, | the Religion, Manners
and Customes of the | Inhabitants ; their Com-
merce, and the Pro- | duct of the Country, and
likewise a faith- | ful Narrative of the King-
dome of SIAM, | of the Isles of JAPAN and
MADAGAS- | CAR, and of several other Parts,
with such | New Discoveries as were never yet
made by | any other Traveller. | By Mr. Gla-
nius. | LONDON, | Printed for H. Rodes next
door to the | Bear Tavern near Bride Lane
in | Fleetstreet. 1682. | 12mo.

(This is an epitome of Struys, g.v., but the
date of his voyage is placed in 1677, instead of
| 1047.) os

42 Instrvetiones ad munera Apostolica rite obeunda
Perutiles missionibvs Chine, Tvnchini, Cochin-
chine, atq; Siami accommodatae, a Mission-
arijs S. Congregationis de Propaganda Fide,
Juthiae Regia, Siami congregatis Anno Domini
1665, concinnatae, dicatae Svmmo Pontifici
Clementi IX Romae, per Zachariam Dominicum
Acsamitek A Kronenfeld Boémum Pragensem,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 4G

Lingvarum Orientalium Typographum, Anno
1669. Svperiorvm permissu. 8vo. (Cordier.)
New edition, Rome 1807, 12mo. (Cordier.)

43. Marini: Delle | Missioni | De’Padri | Della Compag-
nia di Giesv | nella Prouincia del Giappone, e
partico- | larmente di quella di Tumkino. | Libri
cinque. ; Del P. Gio. Filippo de Marini | della
medesima Compagnia. | Alla Santita di N. S. |
Alessandro | P. P. Settimo | In Roma, per N1-
cold Angelo Tinassi. MDCLXIII. | Con licenza
de’ Superiori. 4to.

(Bk. 5 treats of the Mekong valley, inha-
bited by the Laos, their capital being Lan-
gione (Lanchan or Wieng-chan. |

(According to De Backer, vol. Il. p. 388, the
first edition was in 1657 by the same publisher ;
hep coitd, in 2 vols. 12m0., at Venice, 1665.
There is also a French translation, entitled
“ Histoire nouvelle et curieuse du Royaume de
Nancuimetde ao,....... Paris, Gervais Clouzier,
1666, 4to.)

44. De Bourges: RELATION | DV {| VOYAGE | DE
MONSEIGNEVR L’EVEOVE | DE. BERY-
Pte Ati, PAPOSTOLIOVE | DV “RO-
cay his | DE EA COCHINCHINE, | Par la
Winreuie, laxPerse, les Indes, &c. jus- | qu’au
Royaume de Siam, & autres lieux. | Par M@. DE
BOVRGES Prestre, Muisstonatre Apostolique.
ESE CONDE EPEVION | A PARIS, | -Chez
DENYS BECHER rue S. lacques, | au Com-
pas d’or, &al’Escu au Soleil. | M.DC.LXVIII. |
Avec Privilege du Roy,& Approbation. 8vo.

The first edition was published in Paris, 1666
(Fabricius), and the third, Paris 1683. (Cordier.)

In Dutch: NAAUKEURIG ] VERHAAL |
van de | REIS | des Bisschops van | BERYTE
eich WANN Witte Want en tern Zee) naar,
EELUNGAGS «ic: | Door M. de BOURGES, | Reis-
genoot in deze Reis, in de Fransche Taal besch-

48

4.5

Pallu :

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

reven, en van | J. H. GLAZE MAKE RSdaaame
getrokken en Vertaalt | ..... | t AMSTERDAM,
| Voor ABRAHAM WOLFGANG, Boekver-
koper, aan d’Opgang van | de Beurs, by de
tooren in ’t Geloof, 1669. | 4to.

Another edition, Amsterdam, 1683, 4to.
(Cordier.)

In German: Erzahlung des Reise des Bis-
chofs von Beryte nach Algier durch Syrien,
Arabien, Persen und unterschiedene Indische
Landschaften in das Reich Siam. Leipzig, 1671,
MO, (Creche. ) ;

RELATION | ABREGEER | DES Nats.
SIONS'| ET |-DES VOYAGES Di SmEiibe
SOQVES FRANCOIS, | envoyez aux Royaumes
de’ la | Chine, Cochinchine, Ven=i|icminecs
Siam. | Par Messire FRANCOIS PALLV |
Evesgque d Heliopolis. \| UX NRIs aae ez
DENYS BECHED, ruc Saint 9) acqnesiram
Compas dor, & a2) Escw aul Solelay | eyiae ee
LXVIII. | Avec Privilege du Roy, & Approba-
tion. | 8vo. |

Another edition: Paris, 1682, 8vo. (Cordier.)

Another edition: Paris, 1088, 8vo. (Fabricius.)

In Italian: Breve e Compendiosa Relatione
de’ Viaggi di tre Vescovi Francesi, che dalla S.
Mem. di Papa Alessandro VII. furono mandati
Vicari] apostolici 4 1 Regni della Cina, Cocin-
cina e Tonchino......Roma, per Fabio di Falco,
NCO, Sin, GVO, (Comcliee,)

AG REUVATION | DES MISSIONS | DES TEVESOUiiss

ERANCOIS | AVX ROYAVMES DE SIAM, |

de la Cochinchine, de Camboye, | & du TONKIN,
&. | DIVISE EN OUATRE PARI Salas
PARIS, | Chez PIERREYLE PBA VI Imipmmieus
du Roy, 4 la Croix dior, EDME COU MaINOny
au bon Pasteur, & CAARLES ANGOD aueions
d'or. Tue Saint Jacques.) |) MD Cayce
AVEC PRAVILE GED VON ee aero:

4.7

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 49

Ii Iivatbienn RISER IG INIS, | IDIBIEILS; || URS
LONE DE VESCOVI VICART | APOS-
LORCh MAND AIL WALLA S. SEDE |
ao TOMICA | NEL REGNI |) DI SIAM,
POCHINGIN A; | CAMBOLY bE TONKINO! ||
IN ROMA, MDCLXXVII. | Nella Stamperia
della Sac. Cong. de Prop. Fide. | Con licenza
de’ Supertort. sm. sto.

Relation des Missions et des Voyages des evesques

vicaires apostoliques, et de leurs ecclesiastiques
Esp oimces 072.1073, L074 c O75. Av Paris,
Sieag@hades | Aneot,, MWC; EXXX, Syvo.
(Cordier.)

Another edition, 1682, (Cordier.)

PeNelatiOns.......; Es aumecs | To7O. sands 1999. Paris,

ve) CE XOX” (Cordier.)
Another edition, 1682, (Cordier.)

Pen ONTMOMDE JESUIT, | Of | Samenspraak

50

Mmeschen eden) seer deilisen VADER | LA
CiiwSE, Biegtvader vam den Konink van |
Viranienil, Del erwaarde (VADER PETERS,
Biegt- {| vader van den Koning van Engeland,
Eiger ssecr sGcoayvmmotioce VADRR SP AS-
CHART, Ambassa- | deur van den Konink van
Siam, | Waar in ontdekt worden | De voor-
maamste saken, welke dese Eer- | waarde
Vaders menen dienstig te zijn, tot | bekeering
der ketters van Bneeland, | en de Afgoden=
dienaars van Siam. | Met | Een kleine PAS-
CUM Detesent dervernnaarste Schriivers |
van de Gallicaansche Kerken. | Gedrukt voor

denbremebbers, VIDED xX XVilly sms Ato:

Gouye: Observations physiques et mathématiques

pour servir a l’histoire naturelle, et a la per-
fection de l’astronomie et de la’ géographie,
enyoyiecs, del oiam 2) leNcademie’ royale’ des
Seienees ede manic. par les sieres) jesuites
Francois qui vont 4 la. Chine en qualité de

50

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Mathematiciens du Roy, avec les réflexions de
Messieurs de |’Académie, et quelques notes du
P. Goitiye de la Compagnie de Jesus. Paris

~ Veuve Edme Martin, Jean Boudot et Estienne

Martin, 1688, large 8vo. pp. 278. (De Backer,
VOIR prea)

Tachard: Voyage | de | Siam, | Des Peres Jesuites,

| Envoyez par le NOW “aux sindesmimecrmle
Chine. } Avec Levrs Observations | Astronomi-
ques, Et leurs Remarques de Physique, | de
Géographie, d’Hydrographie, & d’Histoire. |
A. Paris, | Chez Arnould Seneuze, quemdesa
Harpe, a la Sphere, et Daniel Horthemels, rué
de la Harpe, au Mécenas. | M. DC. LXXXVI. |
Par Ordre Exprez de Sa Majesté. 4to pp. 424
and Index.

Voyage | de | Siam | Des Peres Jesuites, |
Envoyés par le Roy, aux Indes | & a la Chine.
| Avec leurs observations | Astronomiques, &
leurs Remarques de Physique, {| de Géogra-
phie, d’Hydrographie, | & d’Histoire. | Enrichi
de Figures. | Suivant la Copie de Paris [m-
primée. | Par Ordre Exprez de sa Majeste yy
Amsterdam, | Chez Pierre Mortier, Libraire |
sur le Vygen-dam, a l’enseigne de | la Ville de
Pariss | MDGs ExOoX Il) |r 2ime:

Another edition, with the same title page 1689.

Second Voyage | du | Pere Tachard | et des
Jesuites envoyez par le Roy | Au Royaume de
Siam. | Contenant diverses remarques | d’His-
toire, de Physique, de Geographie, & d’Astro-
nomie. | A Paris. | Chez Daniel Horthemels,
rué Saimt Jacques, | au Mecenasaumy
M.DC.LXXXIX. | Par Ordre expresidemics
Majesté. | 4to.

Another edition, Middelbourg, Gilles Horthe-
mels, Pere & fils, 1689. 12mo. ;

Another edition, Amsterdam, Pierre Mortier,
1689. 12mo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 51

Voyages des Ambassadeurs de Siam en France.
Paris, 1686, 4 vols. (query, does this book exist ?)

In Dutch: Reis | van | Siam. | Waarin veele
tot noch toe onbekende Zaaken, so om- | trent
de gelegentheid van dit Land, als omtrent de
Religie, | Zeden, en andere dingen worden ver-
haald. | Gedaan door de | Vaders Jesuieten. |
En in ’t Fransch beschreeven door den | Vader
Tachart ; | Waar by komt het Verhaal van ’t
Ambassaadtschap des | Ridders van Chaumont |
ameenselye Elot. | t Utrecht. |) Gedruckt, by
Johannes Ribbius, Boek- | verkooper in de korte
Jans-Straat, Anno. 1687. | sm. 4to.

Also Reis na Siam gedaan door den Ridder
de Chaumont, gezant van zyne Allerchristelyke
Majesteit, aan den Koning van Siam, in ’t
Fransch beschreven door den Vader Guy Tach-
ard, en uit die taal in het nederduitsch gebracht,
deer GV. Broekhuizen. t_ Amsterdam, 1687,

to-( We Backer, vol II.)

52 Breve Ragguaglio di quanto é accaduto in Roma a’Sig.
Mandarini venuti co il P. Guido Tasciard del-
la Compagnia di Giest, Inviato Straordinario
dal Ré di Siam dopo |’ Udienza havuta da N. S.
Innocenzo XI in-4°, pp. 8. In Roma. per Dome-
nico Antonio Ercole, 1689. Con Licenza
de’ Superiori. ( De Backer, vol. II.)

53 Voltaire: Siécle de Louis XIV. [ Chap. XIV. mentions
the Siamese embassy to Louis XIV. |

54 Boswell: The Life of Samuel Johnson L. L. D. new
edition by Alexander Napier. London, George
Bell and Sons, 1884. 3 vols. Svo.

[Vol. II, p. 48, JOHNSON. “ Why, Sir, that is
not so extraordinary : the) Kure of” Siam sent
ambassadors to Louis the Fourteenth, but Louis
the Fourteenth sent none to the King of Siam.”

‘“Here my triend for once discovered a want
of knowledge or forgetfulness; for Louis the
Fourteenth did send an embassy to the King of

55

OU
“Nt

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Siam, andthe Abbé Choisi, who was employed
init, published an account of it in two volumes.” |

Dangeau: Journal du Marquis de Dangeau, publié par
MM. Soulié, Dussieux, etc. | Pansy 1e5zeeer
Didot. 19 vols. 8vo. ( Lanier.)

Forbin: Voyage | Du Comte de Forbin | A Siam | Suivi
de quelques détails extraits | Des Mémoires de
l’Abbé de Choisy | (1685-1688) | Paris | Librai-
rie de L. Hachette et Cie | wel Picine-samea-
zin, No. 14 | 1853 | sm. 8vo.

De Isle: RELATION | HISTORIOURS Sem
ROYAUME, | DE | SIAM] 2a em Sia77
DE LISLE, | Geographe, |X PIN Sia eter
GUILLAUME DE LUYNE, au’) Palarsyidems
la Salle des Merciers, sous | la montée de la
Cour des Aydes, | a la” Justices sie
LXXXIV. | Avec Privilege du Roy. | 12 mo.

De La Loubere: Du | Royaume | De Siam | Par Mon-
sieur de La Loubére | Envoyé extraordinaire
du Roy | auprés du Roy de Siam en 1687, & |

( La Veuve de Jean Bap-
| tiste Coignard, | Im-
primeur & _ Libraire
ordinaire du Roy |
: et

1688. | A Paris. | Chez< 7... Se can
nard, Imprimeur & |
; Libraire ordinaire du
| Roy, rué S. lacques, |

(a la Bible d’or. |
M. DC. XCI. | Avec Privilege de sa Majeste. |

2 vols. I2mo.

Another edition: in 2 vols. 12mo., at Am-
sterdam, Chez Henry & la Veuve’ de Theodore
Boom. MDCC |

Another edition: Nouvelle Edition reveué.
& Corrigée. A Amsterdam, Chez Gerard
Onder de Linden, MDCCXIII, in 2 vols. 12mo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 53

In English: A new | Historical Relation |
of the |] Kingdom | of Siam. | By | Monsieur
Dewta Woubere, | Envoy Extraordinary from
Biegrenchs|) King, to the? King oi Siam, in |
the years 1687 and 1688. | Wherein a full and
curious Account is given of the Chi- | nese Way
of Arithmetick, and Mathematick Learning |
In Two Tomes. | Illustrated with Sculptures. |
Donesomt on Mrench, by A. PoGen. R.S. s: |
Ponden a |e rinted by I. IL: for Who, Torne at
the Royal | Exchange, Francis Saunders at the
New bx-)| change, and Pho. Benmet at the
Halen vioon im) |) st. Wauls Churchyard.
MBG xXelt. . [1 vol. folio. |

09 DeChaumont: Relation | de | l’Ambassade | de Mr.
lewC@ievalicr| de Chaumont | Av la Cour du
Roy | de Siam. | Avec ce qui s’est passé de
plus re- | marquable durant son voyage. | A
Paris | Chez Arnoult SeLeuse | ae | de De |
aes sphere, | Et Daniel °

Horthemels, au | Mecenas | j Har- | pe |
MEDC EXXXVI. | Avec privilege du Roy. |
sm. 8vo.

[Pinkerton mentions another edition 12mo.
agcwoo7. Uhe third edition by the same
publishers appeared in 8vo, Paris, 1687. Vander
Aa mentions one in 1r2mo. Amsterdam, 1686.
It has also been reprinted in Tom. X of Ar-
chives curieuses de |’Histoire de France, par
Danjou, 2° série (Lanier) |

In Dutch: Verhaal | van | ’t Ambassaad-
schap des Ridders | van | Chaumont | Aan ’t
Hof des Konings | van | Siam. | Nevens het
aanmerkenswaardigst, dat ’er geduurende | sijn
Reis voorgevallen is. | Uit het Fransch vertaald
Woon |) Willem Calebius:; | =t- Utrecht, | By
Johannes Ribbius, Boekverkooper in de korte
Jans- | straat, Anno 1687. | (Published together
with a Dutch version of Tachart’s first Journey.)

o4

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

In Dutch: Verhaal van het Gezantschap des
Ridders de Chaumont aan het hof des Ko-
ning van Siam, uit het Fransch in Nederduitsch
gebracht, door G. V. Broekhuizen, *t Amster-
dam, 1687, in 4to. (de Backer, vol. II.)

In German: Chaumont, Chevalier de, Be-
schreibung seiner Reise nach Siam, Frankfurt,
108

Ge
60 De Choisy: JOURNAL | DU VOYAGE | DESIAM

FAIT | EN M. DC. LXXV. ED MED@1b Ceara

| PAR W.L.D.C. | A PARIS) ietez sein ae
TIEN MABRE-CRAMOISY, Imprimeur du
Roy, rué Saint Jacques, | aux Cicognes M. DC.
LXXXVIL, °| AVEC PRIVILEGE pase
MAYESTE. lneto.

JOURNAL | DU | VOYAGE DES ST aig)
FAIT | en 1685. & 1686. | Par M. ’ ABBE DE
CHOISY. | Seconde Edition. | A PARIS, chez
SEBASTIEN MABRE-CRAMOISY> | Impri-
meur du Roy, rué Saint Jacques, | Aux Cicog-
nes. | M. DC. LXXXVII. | Avec Privilege de
SO Meg esug, || uae,

(Van der Aa mentions one in $vo.also Paris,
1687, published by Cramoisy.

Also JOURNAL | ou SUITE du | VOYAGE
DE | Siam.) EN FORME DES Sinai
FAMILIERES | FAIT | EN Me DO Meee
ET M. DC. LXXXVI. | PAR Mis Ee
Suivant la Copie de Paris imprimée. | A AM-
STERDAM, | Chez PIERKE MORMID Rie
braire | sur le Vygen-dam, a l’enseigne de | la
Ville de Paris, | M-DC: LXXXVII. | 12mo.

[At the end is the list of presemtsmeeme
from Siam to France, from de Chaumont’s ac-
count. |

Also JOURNAL |, DU | VOYAGIRawE
ue | FAIT | Par M. VABBE Di @ii@me

| NOUVELLE EDITION. | Augmentée
ce Table des Matiéres. | A TREVOUX. |

lal

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 55

fae COMPAGNIE) | MED CCE 12mo.

De Choisy: Mémoires de l’abbé de Choisy, in Collec-
tion des Mémoires relatifs a |’ Historie de France,
tome soil ears oucault, 1828. (Lanier)

[ Some extracts are given at the end of Ha-
chette’s reprint of Forbin, g. v.]|

Geryaise: HISTOIRE | NATURELLE ET POLI-
HOVE DO NOVeAUME | DE STAM: | D7-
Va Sere N NOVA e Ave [iz S. | Wa. pre-
miére contenant la situation, & la nature du |
Pais, Wa seconde, les mceurs des Hiabitans,
leurs Loix, & leurs Cotitumes. La troisiéme, leur
Religion | La quatriéme, ce qui regard le Roi
qui regne 4 | present, & ce qu’ily ade plus
particulier dans la | Cour de ce Roiaume. | A
Pilon UiE MAS. | Chez, EVIBNNE
DUCASTIN, dans la Gallerie ; des Prisonniers,
dugwonseasteur. | MWC. EXXXIX. | AVEC
PmivadatiGi CT ROT |. Ato.

PAHOMMeE editions eats, LOS6.) 4to, . Barbin
( Lanier.)

m0rieans: EMSTOIRE | DE | M. CONSTANCE, |
mine Wie MINI SE RE. | DU ROY. DE
SV Ei EEA DE RNTE RE | revolu-
tion de cet Estat. | Par le Pere D’ORLEANS,
de la | Compagnie de | JESUS. | A TOURS, |
Chez -ENIE BERT MASSON, Imprimeur,.| 27 se
Vd Io aE chez DANIDE HORT HE-
MoS enuen Same iacques, jean * Mecenas, |
M.DC.XC. | Avec Privilege du Roy. |

Another edition: Lyon, chez les Freres Du-
plain, 1754, 12mo. (de Backers, I, 527.)

Deslandes: Histoire de M. Constance, premier Ministre
du roi de Siam, par M. Deslandes, Amsterdam,
1756. sm. 18mo. ( Lanier.)

Kort-bondig Verhaal | vanden | Open Ondergang, |
Van d’Heer | Constantyn Faulkon | Ridder der
ordre van St. Michiel, envoornaam | gunsteling
des Konings van Siam: | Mitsgaders | Van de

66

Bi

68

69

il

hie

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM,

dood des Konings,en ’t verdrijvender Frans- |
chen uit dat Rijk. Alles kort op den anderen ge-
volgd, binnen ’t Jaar 1688. en | in Indién zelve t’
zamen gesteld. Door | een Liefhebber der
Waarheid | t? Amsterdam, | By Gerardus Bors-
tius, Boekverkoper op de hoek | van den Nieuw-
endijk,aanden Dam. Anno 1690. | pp. 38. 4to.

Le Blane: Lettre du R. P. Marcel Leblanc, de la com-
pagnie de Jésus, missionaire au royaume de
Siam, écrite dans sa prison de Middelbourg en
Zélande, aux dames ses sceurs, religieuses de
la Visitation de Sainte Marie de Dijon, le 13
Mars, vo90.( De Backer, vole ipenainen

Siam in the East Indies. Relation of the Revolution
lately happened in that Kingdom. London,
1690. (See also Churchill.)

Desfarges: Relation | des | Revolutions | arrivées |
A Siam, | dans lAnnée 1688.| A Amster-
dam, | Chez Pierre Brunel, prés la Bourse. |
M.DC.LXXXXI.| 12mo. [Anonymous.]

Vollant des Verquains: HISTOIRE | DE LA | RE-
VOLUTION | DE SIAM. | ARRiVaa aan
WANNEE 1688. A JENEIEDES | \Che7zaaiieeun
CHRYLOSTOME MALTE, | Imprimeur juré,
rué Equermoise, | au bon Pasteur 1691. | Avec
Permission. sm. 8vo.

Pouchot de Chantassin: Relation du voyage et retour
des Indes-Orientales pendant les années 1690 et
1691, par un garde de la marine. Paris 1692,
12mo ( Lanier.)

Le Blanc : Histoire de la révolution du royaume de Siam,
arrivée en l'année 1688, et de l'état présent des
Indes. Lyon, 1692, Horace Molin. 12mo., 2 vols.
(De Backer, vol. II, p. 353. Lanier saysit is in
18mo.)

Aanmerklijk en Naaukeurig | VERHAAL | DER |
STAATS-OMKERINGEN, | Nu laatst in’t Jaar
1688. | in SIAM voorgevallen. | Bevattende de
geledene smaadheden in, | en ’t uytdrijven der

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 57

Fransen uyt | dat Rijk. | Uit het Handschrift van
den Oppergesaghebber | der Franse aldaar, |
Door A.v.H. in’t Nederduits vertaald. | Tot
EMD PN | By Peeper” WAARING,
1692. | 4to.

(This is a translation of No. 68.)

73 Martinez De la Puente: COMPENDIO | DE LAS
PISRONINS | Di LOS DESCVBRIMIEN- |
Os CONOVISTAS Y GVEPRRAS DE LA:
India Onental sus Islas, | DESDE LOS
MPMePOs ORE INE ANTE DON | Pnrique
de Portugal su inventor, hermano del Rey |
Dee Duane shasta lossdel Ney WD, Felipe II:
deypeonucal, y Ulli de Castilla, | Y LA IN-
MNODVCCION DET (COMEINCIO |) Portu-
gues en las Malucas, y sus operaciones |
Eonticass vy Mulitares ‘en fellas. | HECHO, | V
ZN OT IVATANA DESCKRIPSTON DE LA
INDIA, | y sus /slas y de las Costas de Africa,
por donde se comengo la | Nauegacion del Mar
del Sur; sus riquezas, costumbres | de sus
gentes, y otras cosas notables. | Y DEDICADO
PA eGrAN DE eat PORTEN FOSO | 2OA-
IMGIIZ S| SAIN ANTONIO DE PADV A.)
Ome Ds KOSMPil MARIINEZ VDE LA
ee i CO NERY TLE GIO | Ene Miadried,
En la Imprenta Imperial: Por /a Viuda de
loseph | Fernandez de Buendia | Ano de 1681.
Svo.

[ p. 18. Geographical position of Siam.
p. 188. King of Sion or Siam sends ambas-
sadors to Albuquerque. |

74 Mallet: Description | de | l’Univers, | contenant |
Les differents Systémes du Monde, | les Cartes
generales et particulieres de la Geographie |
Ancienne et Moderne: Les Plans & les Pro-
fils des | principales Villes & des autres lieux plus
considerables de | la Terre; avec les Portraits
des Souverains qui y | commandent, leurs

58

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Blasons, Titres et Livrées: Et les | Moeurs:
Religions, Gouvernemens & divers habillemens
| de’ chaque Nation. | Dediée au) Royaiiiean
Allain Manesson Mallet, | Maistre de Mathe-
matiques des Pages de la petite Escurie | de sa
Majesté, cy-devant Ingenieur & Sergent Major
| d'Artillerie en Pottugals | As Pants an ene
Denys Thierry, rué S. Jacques, A l’Enseigne |
de la Ville de Paris, devant la rué du Platre. |
M. DC. LXXXIII.| Aveo’ Privilege vdumiieren|
5 vols. 8vo.
[Vol. II, p. 102, a description of Ayuthia. |

75 Meister. Der Orientalisch-Indianische | Kunst- | und.|

Lust-Gaertner, | Das ist: | Eine aufrichtige Be-
schreibung | Derer meisten Indianischen, als auf
Java Major, Malacca und | Jappon, wachsenden
Gewuertz-Frucht und Blumen-Baeume, wie auch
| anderer raren Blumen, Kraeuter und Stauden-
Gewaechse, sampt ihren | Saamen, nebst umb-
staendigen Bericht deroselben Indianischen Nah-
men, so | wol ihrer in der Medicin als Oeco-
nomie und gemeinem Leben mit sich | fuehr-
endem Gebrauch und Nutzen; | Wie auch |

Noch andere denckwuerdige Anmerckungen,
was | bey des Autoris zweymahliger Reise nach
Jappan, von Java | Major, oder Batavia, laengst
derer Cuesten Sina, Siam, und rueck- | werts
ueber Malacca, daselbsten gesehen und fleiszig
observiret worden; | Auch | Vermittelst unter-
schiedlicher schoener ins Kupffer gebrachter |

Indianischer Figuren, von Baeumen, Gewaechsen,
Kraeutern, | Blumen und Nationen entworffen
und | fuergestellet durch | George Meistern |

Dieser Zeit Churfl. Saechs. bestallten Indian-
ischen | Kunst-und-Lust-Gaertner | Mit Churfl.
Saechs. Durchl-gnaedigstem Privilegio | Dres-
den, in Verlegung des Autoris, | druckts Johann —
Riedel, Anno 16092) Msm= ito:

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 59

ies 270, mports torand Exports from
Siam. |
76 Hazart: Kirchen-Geschichte, | Das ist: | Catholisches
Christenthum, | durch die gantze Welt auszgebrei-
tet, | Insonderheit | Bey | naechst-verflossenen,
nad anjetzo fliessenden Jahr-Hundert, | Deane
nen kuertzlich beschriben wird, | Jedes Lands
Art, und Belegenheit, | der Einlaender Lebens-
Sitten, eygenthumliche Secten, | Satzungen,
Sugai Wesen, Geist-und Weltliche Gepraeng ;
besonders aber, | und auszfuehrlich beygebracht
die erste Einpflantzung, das Auffnehmen, und
die | Evtelceerne desz alda eingefuehrten wah-
ren Christ-Glaubens: wie solcher von villen |
eyffrigen Blut-Zeuegen verfochten, von Lob-und
Merck-wuerdigen Tugend-Thaten | viller ander-
er Christ-Helden gezieret, und von villen wun-
dersamen | Begebnussen bekraefftigetworden. |
Mit villfaeltigen Kupffern zu fueglicher Erkand-
nusz abgebildet. | Erstlich beschriben und an
Tag gegeben,
art, | Ni Nider- in die
Hoch-Teutsche Sprach uebersetzet, | Zum an-
dernmahl uebersehen, und vermehret, | Durch |
R. P. Mathiam Soutermans, | Beyde der Gesell-
seliait jesu- Priestern.-| Der erste Theil, | In
sich begreiffend | Ost-Indienin gemein und
sonderheit ; auch | Mogor, Japon, China, Tar-
taria,und Bisnagar. | Cum Gratia, & Privilegio
Sacre Czesareze ~Majestatis. | Permissu Superio-
rum. | Zum andernmahl gedruckt zu Wienn in
Oesterreich, | In Verlegung Leopold Voigt, einer
loeblichen Universitaet Buchdrucker. | Anno
MDC.XCIV. |
(The original Dutch edition, of which the

first vol. was published at Antwerp in 1667,
does not seem to contain anything relating to

Siam.)

60

80 Schouten, Gautier: Voyage | de | Gautier

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

77 Letters Edifiantes: Lettres | Edifiantes | et | Curi-

euses | Ecrites des Missions | Etrangeres par,
quelques Mis- | sionaires de la Compagnie de |
Jesus.) VII. Recueil | A Paris) 1) (Cheze Nicolas
Le Clere, rué saint | Jacques; 2) Mimaeemseunmn
Lambert. | M.DCCVII. | Avec Approbation, &
privilege du Roy. |¢pp. 83, 84. DOUR@eNecwem
Paris, 1773, p. 140. XXXII) ecued leanne
RPGAy Do 1OZ, Lame,

(This series of collections to the number of
thirty-four was published at various dates rang-
ing from 1703 to 1776. Pagés enumerates five
editions besides the first, namely :—Paris, 1780-
83, 20 vols. 12mo0; Lyon, 1850) “Auivoleamonon
Paris 1829°32, 4o vols. i18mo;))@eulouse
r2mo.; and Paris, 1835, 4 vols) Mlavcemome
Miller cites a Spanish edition in 16 vols.
Ato, Madrid 1753-57, which, of course, cannot
be the whole work.)

Grand-pierre: Relation de divers Voyages, faits dans

Afrique, dans ’Amerique, & aux Indes Occi-
dentales, la description du Royaume de Juda,
& quelques particularités touchant la vie du Roy
regnant. La relation d’une Isle nouvellement ha-
bitée dans le detroit de Malacca en Asie. Par
le Fr. WDealssé de Grand=Ricirer seanicnewer

Wis, (Waim Glew 2a.)

Challes : Voyage fait aux Indes-Orientales par une es-

cadre de six vaisseavx commandés par M. Du-
quesne, depuis le 24 février jusqu’au 20 aout
T0091, par ordre de la compaenie desminges
Orientales, par Robert Challes, La Haye, 1721,
2 vols. 12mo ( Lanier.)
Schouten
| aux Indes | Orientales, | Commencé l’an 1658.
& fini l’an 1665. | Traduit du Hollandois. | Ou
l’on void plusieurs Descriptions de Pais, Roiau- |
mes, Isles & Villes, Siéges, Combats sur terre |
& sur mer, Cottumes, Manieres, Religions de |

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 61

divers Peuples, Animaux, Plantes, Fruits, &
autres Curiositez naturelles. | Nouvelle Edition,
revié par |’Auteur, & considerable- | ment aug-
mentée. | Enrichi d’un grand nombre de figures
emmlianle douce: | 7a kouen, | Chez) Pierre Cail-
loue, Libraire, Cour | du Palais | M. DCC. XXV.
Avec Aprobation & Privilege du Roy. |
ZyvOsai2moy|, Vol. ip. 141% Short account of
Siam and the Siamese Malay states. ]
81. Valentijn: Omstandig Verhaal van de | GESCHIE-
: DEMIS SEN “en ZAAKEN | HET: | KER-
ImPENIG: ote den. GODSDIENST | Betretf-
fende, zoo in | AMBOINA, | Als in alle de
EYLANDEN, daar onder behoorende, | Vande
Oudste Tyden af tot nu toe, | Benevens een
Fraaye Verhandeling der BOOMEN, PLAN-
TEN nhs TERS enz. |) Als ook der LAND-
DEEREN, VOGELEN, VISSCHEN, HOR-
PRINS en ZEEGE WASSCHEN, in en
by dezelve Eylande vallende ; | Mitsgaders een
Naaukeurige Beschryving van | BANDA, En de
EYLANDEN, onder die Landvoogdy begrepen,
| Als ook de Eylanden TIMOR, en SOLOR,
Mites). ote |) MACASSAR, «BORNEO,
en BALI, | Mitsgaders van de Koningryken |
TONKIN, CAMBODIA, en SIAM, | Benevens
een Verhaal der ZAAKEN, in de voornoemde
Eylanden, en Koning- | ryken tot nu toe voorge-
vallen; | Wet zeer nette Prentverbeeldingen, en
Landkaarten verrykt | DOOR | FRANCOIS
VALENTYN, | Oxlangs Bedienaar des Gode-
lyken Woords in AMBOINA, BANDA, ezz. | Te

DORDRECHT, JOHANNES VAN
. BRAAM.
AMSTERDAM, Y¥* GERARD ONDER
DE LINDEN.

Boekverkoopers, | MDCCXXVI | Met Privile-
gie. (Being the third volume of the Oud en
Nieuw Oost-Indien of Valentijn, in 5 vols. folio.

62

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

(It is to be regretted that these volumes are not
severally paged throughout. p. 50 of the “ Be-
schryving van onsen Handel in Cambodia”
towards the end of vol. III, gives an account
of the Eastern Laos, epitomised by Yule, g. v.,
and translated into French by F. Garnier, see
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, pp. 56-96,
“Beschryving van Siam en onsen Handel
aldaar,’ much of which is taken without
acknowledgment from van Vhet, g. v.)

Kaempfer. The | History of Japan, | giving | An

account of the ancient and present State and |
Government of that Empire ; | of | Its Temples,
Palaces, Castles and other Buildings ; | of | Its
Metals, Minerals, Trees, Plants, Animals, Birds
and Fishes ; | of | The Chronology and Succes-
sion of the Emperors, | Ecclesiastical and
Secular ; | of | The Original Descent, Religions,
Customs, and Manufactures of the | Natives,
and of their Trade and Commerce with the
Dutch | and Chinese. | Together with a descrip-
tion of the Kingdom of Siam. | Written in
High-Dutch by Engelbertus Kaempfer, M.D. |
Physician to the Dutch Embassy to the Em-
peror’s Court; and translated from his | Ori-
ginal Manuscript, never before printed, by
J.G. Scheuchzer, F.R.S. and a member of the
College of Physicians, London. | With the Life
of the Author, and an Introduction. | Illustrated
with many copper plates. | London: | Printed
for the Translator, MDCCXXVII. | 2 vols. folio.
[pp. 13-47 concerning Siam. |
In Dutch; the Hague, 1720:
Amsterdam, 1733, 1 vol. folio.
(extracts) Amsterdam 1758. (Pagés.)

In German: Lemgo, Ato. volo ig 7jaeae! iil,
1779, and a folio vol. of plates.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 63

In French: the Hague, 1729, 2 vols. folio.
tie Elaeue; i7ien, 2 vols. ~Svo.
(Pagés.)
the Hague, 1732, 3 vols. 12mo.
édition abrégée, Amsterdam 1732, 3 vols.

Hamilton: New Account of the East Indies, Edinburgh,
1727, 2 vols. 8vo. (See Pinkerton.)

Picart: CEREMONIES | ET | COUTUMES | RE-
LIGIEU SES Posse SewiPLeS [DOLA-
TRES, | Representées par des Figures dessinées
de | la main de | Bernard Picart : | Avec une
Explication Historique, & quelques | Disserta-
fens’ curieuses. | TOME SECOND, | PRE-
MiPRE PARTIE. | A AMSTERDAM, | Chez
pea bERNARD | MDCCXXVIII. tolio.

[ p. 43, Religion de Siam.]

(According to Cordier, published in g vols.
folio, 1723-43; another edition at Amsterdam,
ieo ts at bans, wn, in 7 vols.; 1783, in 4
vols.; 1810, in 13 vols.; and in English, London,
1733-39, in 7 vols. folio. )

Thomson, James: The Seasons Summer, |. 792, ““From
Menam’s orient stream, that nightly shines With
insect lamps,”

Berkenmeyer: LE | CURIEUX ANTIQUAIJRE, |
OW | RECUEIL | GEOGRAPHIQUE | ET |
HISTORIQUE | Des choses les plus remarqua-
bles qu’on trouve | dans les quatre Parties de
P’Univers; | TVirées des Voiages.de divers
Hommes celébres; | Avec deux Tables, des
Noms Geographiques, | & des Mattéres. Par
le Sr. P. L. BERKENMBYER. | Avec tres
belles Fig | Aux depens de
PIERRE ee Aa, Marchand Libraire. |

3 vols. 8vo.

Fool. 2 D. Sen Du Roiaume de Siam.]

Stoecklein: Allerhand | So Lehr-als Geist-reiche |
Brief, Schrifften | und | Reis-Beschreibungen, |
welche yon denen | Mice | Der Gesell-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

schaft Jesu | Aus | Beyden Indien, | und andern
| Ueber Meer gelegeneneten Laendern, | Bisz
auf das Jahr 1726 | in Europa angelangt
seynd. |........,Augspure und) (Grecia ee
| parts t to 8, 1724 to 17265 pants moncomeae
1727; parts 12 to 15, 1720; @paruerOummicor
2B VOlS, 10.

[ Letter No. 318. How the Crown-prince and
First Queen attended a ceremonial orehe
church. |

88 Lafitan: Histoire | Des Découvertes | et | Conques-
tes | Des Portugais | Dans le Nouveau Monde,

| Avec des Figures en taille-douce. | Par le
R. P. Joseph Francois Lafitau | de la Com-
pagnie de Jesus. | A Pans “| €hez Satenam
Pere, Quai des Augustins, au coin de la rué
Pavée, a la Fleur de Lis, Jlean=Baptiste
Coignard Fils, Imprimeur du Roi, rué S. Jac-
ques, 4 la Bible d’or. | MDC OC XXCCIIE Ace
Approbation et Privilege du Roi. | 2 vols. 4to.

[ Vol. I, p. 420, Embassy of (the miGnewen
Siam to Albuquerque, and return mission of
Miranda d’Azevedo and Nicolas Coello. |

89 Salmon: Modern History ; or Present State of all
Nations, 1725-39. 32 vols. 8vo ; 2nd edition 1739,
3 vols. 4to; 3rd edition 1744-5, 3 vols.; anda
Ath edition under the title of “The Universal Tra-
veller, or a compleat Description of the foreign
Nations of the World,” London, Baldwin, 1755,
AVYONS; OO, (Cowes, Col, 2s.)

In Italian; Stato presente) di) tuttmmpaeat
e popoli del mondo naturale, politico e morale,
con nuove osservazioni e correzioni degli antichi,
e moderni viaggiatori, tradotto dall’inglese,
seconda edizione, Venezia, 1740-66, 26 vols.
co, (Corcier, Col, 23.)

90 Salmon and Goch: Hedendaagsche | Historie, | Of |
Tegenwoordige Staat | van | Alle Volkeren, |
In opzigte hunner Landsgelegentheid, Personen,
Kle- | deren, Gebouwen, Zeden, Wetten, Ge-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 65

woontens, | Godsdienst, Regering, Konsten en
Wetenschap- | pen, Koophandel, Han dwerken,
Landbouw, | Landziektens, Planten, Dieren,
Mineralen | en andere Zaken tot de natuur-
lyke Hi- | storie behorende. | II. Deel | Behel-
zende de Tegenwoordige Staat der | Sundasche
Eilanden, en wel inzonderheid Borneo, | Janna,
Sumatra en der Koninkryken Siam, | Kochin-
emma en’ Donkin” |» Eerst in’t Engelsch be-
schreven door | Th. Salmon, | Nu vertaald en
merkelyk vermeerderd door | M. van Goch,
M.D. | Met nieuwe Landkaarten en Print-
verbeeldingen versiert. | Tweede Druk. | Te
Amsterdam, | By Isaac Tirion, Bookverkooper
op | den Nieuwendyk, by den Dam, in |
Hugo Grotius, 1739 | Met Privilegie. 8vo.

[The first vol. of this work is occupied
with China, Japan, the Philippines and the
Moluccas. |

The first edition appeared in 1729. (Cordier.)
In German: Die | heutige Historie, | oder
der | Gegenwaertige Staat | der Koenigreiche |
Siam, | PeguundArrakan, | nebst allen, | theils
daran grenzenden, theils dazu gehoerigen | Laen-
dern | von Tonquin und Cochinchina | bis an
den Flusz Indus und das Reich des groszen |
Moguls; | Nach Anleitung | Herrn Salmons |
im Englischen, doch fuernehmlich aus dem Hol-
laendischen des | Herrn D. van Goch, | dem
deutschen Leser zu Dienst nebst einer Land-
charte herausgegeben. | Zweyte und verbesserte
Auflage | Altona und Flensburg, bei den Ge-

bruedern Korte. 1753. | 4to.
The first German edition appeard in 1732
( Cordier, who adds that there were six editions,

mostly published at Altona).
91 §. Antonio: Chronicas | de la | Apostolica Provincia |
de S. Gregorio | De Religiosos Descalzos de
Ne oa tye raneisco. | em Eas Islas Phili-

66

94

96

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

pinas, | China, Japon, &c. | 2.) seutameornu|
E] P. Fr. Jvan Francisco de S: Antonio:
Parte Primera, Manila, 1738. Parte Secenmday
Manila, 1741. Parte Tercera, Manila, 1744.
[ Contains: Parte Primera, p. 667, Descrip-
tion breve del Reyno de Siam. 3
Parte Segunda, pp. 102, 380; 293) menesmen=
tion of ‘“‘Syam.”’ |
Dufresne de Francheville: Histoire générale et parti-
culiére des finances. Paris, 1738, vol. 3. (Lanier.)
De Larrey : Histoire de France sous le régne de Louis
XIV. Rotterdam, 1738:
[Vol. V, pp. 155 and 187, Siamese embassy to
Frances ((Wanrer)a
De la Hode: Histoire de la vie et du régne de Louis
XIV: Pranefort, 17242.
[Vol. IV, pp. 281 340, 402, Siamese embassy
to France (Lanier ).]

Guyon: Histoire des Indes-Orientales anciennes et
modernes, par l’Abbé Guyon. Paris, 1744.
aivols, rzmro. (Wanrer)

Harris: Navigantium atque [tinerantium Bibliotheca.
| ORJA | COMPLETE COLLE CON G@ne
VOYAGES and TRAVELS. | CONSISUING
OF ABOVE | Six hundredofthe most AUTHEN-
TIC WRITERS, |. BEGYENNING, s\yaagei
Hackluit, Purchass, &c. zz English; | Ramusio,
Alamandini, Carreri, &c. 7x Italian; | Thevenot,
Renaudot, Labat, &c. zz Vrenehs | Demme:
Grynzeus, Maffeus, &c.* 7z~ Latin; “Herrera
Oviedo, Coreal, &c. zz Spanish; | And the
Voyages under the Direction of the | EAST-
INDIA COMPANY zz HOLLAND, zz Dutch. |
Together withe Such Other | HISTORIES;
VOYAGES, TRAVELS, or DISCOVERIES |-
As are in GENERAL ESTEEM; | whether
published in Luglish, Latin, French, lialian,
Spanish, Portuguese, High and Low Dutch, or
in any other Ewropean Language. | Containing

Fy

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 67

whatever has been observed Worthy of Notice
MepewKOPE, ASlA, AFRICA, and AMERI-
eoeeiN RESPECT TO THE} Extent and
Situation of EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, PRO-
Piers, ce. | THE | CLIMATE, SOM, and
PRODUCE, whether Animal, Vegetable, or Mi-
negaeor bach COUNTRY: | LIKEWISE THE
| RELIGION, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS of
the several INHABITANTS, their Government,
| Arts and Sciences, Publick Buildings, Moun-
tains, Rivers, Harbours, &c. | ILLUSTRATED
ma mroper ClaARTS, MAPS and CUTS. |
Re NVGICE TS PREBIXED | A Copious IN-
TRODUCTION, comprehending the RISE and
EROGRESS ofthe ART of NAVIGATION, |
and its successive Improvements ; together with
the /nvention and Use of the LOADSTONE,
and its Variation. | Originally published in
ayo, VOLUMES im FOLIO.) By FON
Pain! 5, D:D. and F. RK. S: | Now Carefully
Revise, | With LARGE ADDITIONS, and
Continued down to the PRESENT TIME;; |
Including Particular ACCOUNTS of the |
MANUFACTURES and COMMERCE of Each
SOUNTRY:. |ZLONDON: |. Printed for T.

a CONUWARD, A. WARD, S. BIRT, D.
Bee NE fT. LONGMAN, R. HETT, C.
per No WHITRIDGE, |S. AUSFEN, J.
LODGES, J. ROBINSON, B: DOD, T. HAR-
Ris |; HINTON, sand J. RIVINGTON. |
Me WEeC.. XLIV.| 2 vols. folio.

(Vol. I, p. 306, a short account of the Dutch
Trade in Siam. Ibid, p. 694, a short notice of
Siam. Ibid, p. 781, an account of Siam, tran-
slated from Mandelsloe. Vander Aa mentions
an edition of 1705, 2 vols. folio. ]

97. Astley: A New General Collection of Voyages and
Mra vels:... 3. ..5- London: printed for Thomas
Astley. 1745. 4 vols. 4to.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

{ Vol. I contains, at p. 429, The Voyage of
Captain Anthony Hippon, to the Coast of
Koromandel, Bantam, and Siam esiaaeeuenem
Written by Nathaniel Marten, Waster’s Mate. ~

Also, at p. 435, The Fournal of Mr. Peter
Williamson Floris, Cape-merchant in the same
Voyage of Captain Hippon. Translated from
the Dutch, and contracted. (See also under
Floris.) |

98. Reboulet: Historie du regne de Louis XIV, Avignon,
1740.

[ Vols. V, p.p. 255-9, VI, p. 51, Siamese em.

bassy to France. (Uanver:) 4

99 Prevost: Histoire Générale des Voyages, ou nouvelle
collection de toutes les Relations de Voyages
qui ont été publiées jusqu’a present, par l Abbé
Ant. F. Prevost, Paris, Didot, 1740-jeseAier
20 vols. (Quaritch.)

[ The De Backers mention an edition in 12mo.,
of which vols. 33 and 34 contain an account of
Siam taken from Tachard. |

100. Churchill: A | COLLECTION | OF | Voyages and
Travels. | Some now FIRST PRINTED from |
ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS, | @tiiaRss
now first published in ENGLISH. | WITH A
| GENERAL PREFACE, | Giving an account
of the Progress of TRADE and | NAVIGA-
TION, from its First Beginning. | Illustrated
with several Hundred Useful MAPS and CUTS,
| Containing Views of the different Countries,
Cities, Towns, Forts, Ports and Shipping: |
Also the Birds, Beasts, Fish, Serpentsyimecs:
Fruits and Flowers; with the Habits | of the
different Nations, all Elegantly Engraved on
COPPER-PLATES: | LONDON: | Puntediiny
Assignment from Messieurs CHURCHILL, |
For THOMAS OSBORNE in - Grays
MDCCLII | 8 vols. folio.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 69

[Vols. VIII, p. 92, A Description of SIAM from
the Portuguese Original M.S. By Pedro de Sa ;
Poy HUE and TRUE RELATION OF
Dae Great and Wonderful REVOLUTION
that happened lately in the KINGDOM of
Se Veinmeche LAS PAN DIES 2.2... Being the
Substance of several Letters writ in October,
1688, and February, 1689. from Siam, and the
Gozsy of CORMANDEL: Never before pub-
lished in any Language, and now translated into
ENG EISH.:

(This is reprinted from the original edition
published in London, 1690, printed for Randal
Taylor, sm. 4to. pp. vii and 22.)

101. Semler: Uebersetzung { der | Algemeinen Welthis-
torie | die in Engeland | durch eine Geselschaft
von Gelehrten | ausgefertiget worden. | Fuenf
und zwanzigster Theil. | Unter der Aufsicht
und mit einer Vorrede herausgegeben | von |
Johann Salomon Semler | der heil. Schrift
Doctor und oeffentlichem Lehrer, auch des theo-
logischen Seminarii Director | auf der koenigl-
preuszl. Friedrichsuniversitaet zu Halle | Mit
Roem. Kaiserl. Koenig]. Poln. und Churfuerstl.
Koenig]. Preuszisch. und Churbrandenburgischen

| wie auch Schweizerischen Privilegien | Halle,
Druck und Verlag Joh. Justinus Gebauers. |
1763 | 4to.

[p. 518, The Portuguese supplanted by
the Dutch in the Siam trade. |

102. Turpin: Histoire | Civile | et Naturelle | Du Roy-
aume | De Siam, | Et des Révolutions qui ont
bouleverse | cet Empire jusqu’en 1770; | Pu-
blige par M. Turpin, | Sur des Manuscrits qui
lui ont été communiqués | par M. I’Evéque de
Tabraca, Vicaire Apos- | toliquesde Siam, &
autres Missionaires de | ce Royaume. | A
Panis.) |) chez Costard, Libraire; rue S- Jean |

de Beauvais. | M. DCC. LXXI. | Avec Appro-

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

bation et Privilége du Roi. | 2 vols. 12mo.

(In English in Pinkerton’s Collection of Tra-
Wells, Wells IDS, (8. 5\7/%)

103. Castillon: Anecdotes | Chinoises, | Japonoises, Si-
amoises, | Tonquinoises, &c; | Dans lesquelles
on s’est attaché prin- | cipalement aux Moeurs
Usages, | Coutumes & Religions de ces dif-
férens Peuples de 1 Asie, | Ae ans eres
Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire, rue | des Ma-
thurins, hétel de Clugny. | M DCC LXXIV. |
Ave approbation, & Privilége du Roi. | 8vo.

104. Juan dela Concepcion: Historia general de las
Islas Philipinas, conquistas espirituales y tem-
porales de estos Espanoles dominios, estableci-
mientos y progresos, que comprehende los im-
perios, reinos y provincias, de las Islas y Con-
tinentes con quienes ha havide communicacion
y comercio, con noticias geograficas, de cos-
tumbres, de religiones, etc. En Manila 1788
—g2, 14 vols. sm. 4to. (Quaritch.)

[ Vol. XV (*), Part IX, Chap. X, pp. 240-266,
contains an account of an embassy of the King
of Spain to Siam, which is translated in Bow-
ring’s Siam, vol I, Del Sal

105. Siamese Tales: Being a Collection of Stories told to
the son of the Mandarin Sam-sib, for the pur-
pose of engaging his mind in the love of truth
and virtue. With an historical account of the
Kingdom of Siam. Yo which 7s addeauene
principal maxims of the Talapoins. Translated
from the Siamese. London, printed for Vernor
and Hood, Birchin Lane, Cornhill; and Cham-
pante and Whitrow, Jewry-Street, Aldgate.
17960. 12mo.

106. Pinkerton: A General Collection of the Best and
Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in all
pants) of tthe WVorldea.)).. London” tee 1808-
1OU4., lly VolseuAto:

[Volk Vill, pA; ovampat war with Pegu,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 71

p- 464, Account of Siam, from Hamilton.

Vol. IX, p. 418, Pegu at war with Siam.
p. 421, Peculiar custom prevalent among the
Siamese. p. 425, Benzoin from Siam (from
Eitch’s voyage to Ormus and the East Indies ).
p-p. 404, 405, extracts from Balbi’s voyage to
Pegu. p. 573, Translation of Turpin’s History
of Siam. |

107. Bissachere: Gegenwartiger Zustand von Tunkin,

Cochin-china, und der K6nigreiche Camboja

Laos und Lac-Tho. Von de la _ Bissachére.

Nach dem Franzésischen, herausgegeben und

mit Anmerkungen versehen von E. A. W.v.

Zimmerman. Weimar, im Verlage des H.S.

privil. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs. 1813. 8vo.

meena: Oriental Commerce................0.00.0css0nee
by Wm. Milburn Esq. of the H. E.1.C. Service.
London. 1813. 2 vols. 4to.

[ For the commerce of Siam, see Vol. II, pp.
438 to 443.]

109. Anderson, John: Political and Commercial Consi-
derations relative to the Malayan Peninsula and
the British Settlements in the Straits of Malac-
ca, Prince of Wales Island. 1821. 4to.

110. Finlayson: The Mission to Siam, and Hué the Capi-
tal of Cochin China, In the years 1821-2. From
the Journal of the Late George Finlayson, Esq.,
Assistant Surgeon of His Majesty’s 8th Light
Dragoons. Surgeon and Naturalist to the
Mission. With a Memoir of the Author, By
sir Thomas Stamford Rafiles,: F. R. S.
London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1827.
8vo.

111. Crawfurd: Journal | ofan | Embassy | from the Gov-
ernor-General of India | to the | Courts of Siam
and Cochin-China; | Exhibiting a View | of the

| Actual State of those Kingdoms. | By |
tohnoC rawtpnd, so.) IO RIS. F: Lo8., Fa G.S.,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

&c. | Late Envoy. | London,1828. 4to. pp. 598.
Second Edition | In Two Volumes | London:
| Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, |
New Burlington Street. | 1830 | 8vo.

A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Is-
lands and Adjacent Countries. By John Craw-
ide, INS. Womoloml iS50, SvO.

112. Conder: The Modern Traveller. A Description,
Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of
the various Countries of the Globe. In Thirty
Volumes. By Josiah Conder. Volume the Ele-
venth. London: James Duncan, 37, Pafernoster
INOW USSO, ~ 12iTO-

[Contains Burmah, Siam and Anam. |

113. Tomlin: Journal kept during a voyage from
Singapore to Siam and while residing nine
months in that country. (Probably published
at Singapore in 1829. ‘The author is supposed
to have been J. Tomlin, a missionary. sm 4to.
pp. 67.)

A Missionary Journal kept at Singapore and
Siam; from May, 1830, to January, 1832. By
J, @omlin) Malacca "pp. 00) ose

114. Gutzlaff: Journal | of | Three Voyages | along
the | Coast of C@hma | im |) We2iensezmier
1833, | with notices of | Siam, Corea, and the
Loo-choo Islands. | By | Charles Gutzlaff. |
To which is prefixed, | An introductory essay
on the policy, religion, etc. | of Ching yey,
the Rev. W. Ellis, | Author of” SRolymesram
Researches, ete. / | Second edition s|—londonms

| Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, | Sta-
tioners) all Courts | 1834s 2mor

Third edition, London: Thomas Ward and
Co.

115. Abeel: Residence in China and the neighbouring
countries. By Rev.-D: Abeel) New ere
IMO LATO, OD. BIS

116, Low: A Dissertation on the Soil and Agriculture

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 73

of the British Settlement of Penang, or Prince
of Wales Island, In the Strits of Malacca;
Including Province Whllesley on the Malayan
Peninsula. With Brief References to the Set-
tlements of Singapore and Malacca, And _ ac-
companied by incidental observations on vari-
ous subjects of local interest in these Straits.
By Captain James Low, of the Madras Army ;
in civil charge of Province Wellesley, and Cor-
responding Member of the Royal Asiatic
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and
Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta.
Eninted at the Singapore Free Press Office.
HOZO.. ALO:
[pp. 282-288 relate to Siam. |

117. Moor: Notices of the Indian Archipelago, and
aojacent | Countries; Bema a ‘Collection ‘of
Papers relating to Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Java,
Sumatra, Nias, the Philippine Islands, Sulus,
Siam, Cochin-china, Malayan Peninsula, &c.
Accompanied by an Index and Six Maps, viz., 1
—The town and suburbs of Singapore. 2—The
Indian Archipelago, including Siam and Cochin-
china. 3—River Cotiin Borneo. 4—Malacca
and Naning. 5—Chart of Singapore Strait, &c.
6—Penang and Province Wellesley. By J. H.
Moor, Forsome time Editor of the Malacca
Observer, Singapore Chronicle, and Singapore
Hace ieLess, Singapore: £837. .sm. square
folio.

[pp. 197-227 relate to Siam. |]

118. Roberts: Embassy to the eastern courts of Cochin-
china, Siam, and Muscat; in the U. S. Sloop-
of-war Peacock, David Geisinger, commander,
during the years 1832-3-4. By Edmund Ro-
berts. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1837.
pp. 432, 8vo. (Chinese Repository.)

119. Earl: The Eastern Seas, or Voyages and Adven-
tures in the Indian Archipelago in 1832-3-4.
comprising a tour of the Island of Java—Visits

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

to Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, Siam, &c. ;
also an account of the Present State of Singa-
pore, with an account of the present state of
Singapore, with Observations on the Commer-
cial Resources of the archipelago. By George
Windsor Earl, M:. RA. S. Wondone avy ieee
Allen and Co., Leadenhall Street. 1837. 8vo.

120. Ruschenberger: Voyage Round The World, in-

cluding an Embassy to Muscat and Siam, in
16035, 30, and 37, by S. W.JNuschenberecm
M.D. Philadelphia, 1838. 8vo.

[Contains an account of the mission of Mr.
Roberts, United” States) Envoy, imlréeosaelne
nese Repository, vol. XVIII, p. 23.) |

121. Malcom: Travels in South-eastern Asia, &c. By

Howard Malcom, 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 272, 321.
Boston, 1838. (Chinese Repository.)

122. McLeod: India. (McLeod and Richardson’s jour-

1238. Low:

124. Sue:

neys ) Return to an address of the Honourable

the House of Commons, dated 6 August 1869;

—for
“Copy of Papers relating to) the Nouresen

Captain W. C. McLeod from Moulmein to the

Frontiers of China, and to the Route of Dr.

Richardson on his Fourth Mission to the Shan

Provinces of Burmah, or Extracts from the

same.”

India Office 9 J. W. Kaye, Secretary,
August, 1869 Political Department.
(Mr. Somerset Beaumont ).

Order, by the House of Commons, to be Printed,

10 August, 1869. (With a Map.)

On the Government of Siam. By Captain
James Low. In Asiatic Researches, vol. XX,
Second Part. Calcutta, 1839, pp. 245-288.

On Siamese Literature. By Captain James -
Low. 726., pp. 338-392.

Histoire de la Marine Francaise, 1845. Se-
cond edition.

[Vol. IV, pp. 270-1, Siamese embassy to.

125.

126.

127.

128.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

mae

OL

France. (Lanier.) |

Jancigny: Japon, Indo-Chine, Empire Birman (ou
Ava), Siam, Annam (ou Cochinchine ), Penin-
sule Malaise, etc. Ceylan, Par M. Dubois de
Jancigny, Aide de camp du roi d’Oude. Paris,
Firmin Didot Fréres, Editeurs,.........MDCCCL.
8vo.

Malloch: Siam: Some general remarks on its pro-
ductions, and particularly on its imports and ex-
ports, and the mode of transacting business
with the people. By D. E. Malloch. Calcutta:
Printed By J. Thomas at the Baptist Mission
Press. 1852. 4to. (but 8vo size.)

Neale: Narrative of a Residence at the Capital of
the Kingdom of Siam ; with a description of the
manners, customs, and laws of the modern
siamese. by red. Arthur Neale. London:
Office of the National Illustrated Library 227
Strand. 8vo.

Bohn: China pictorial, descriptive, and historical.
With some account of Ava and the Burmese,
Siam, and Anam, with nearly one hundred illus-
tations. London: Wenry G! Bohn, York Street,
Govent Garden; 1853. . Svo.

(The part relating to China was written by
Miss Corner, the remainder by an anonymous
author. )

Pallegoix. Description | du Royaume Thai ou
Siam | comprenant | La Topographie, Histoire
Naturelle, Mceurs et Coutumes, | Législation,
Commerce, | Industrie, Langue, Littérature, Re-
ligion, Annales des Thai | Et Précis Historique
de la Mission. | Avec Carte et Gravures | Par
Mer Pallegoix | Evéque de Mallos, vicaire
apostolique de Siam. | Se vend | au profit de la
mission de Siam, a Paris | 1854 | 2 vols. 12mo.

Memoire sur la mission de Siam. 12mo.
Beaune. No date.

129.

180.

134.

136.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Harris: Ligorand Siam. Account of an Overland
journey from Ligor to Bangkok. (By Arthur |
Harris, Madras 1854. pp. 13, apparently struck
off from the columns of a newspaper ).

Bowring. The | Kingdomand People | of | Siam; |
With | A Narrative of the Mission to that Coun-
try | in 1855. | By Sir John Bowring, F.R.S. |
Her Majesty’s Plenipotentiary in China. | Lon-
don: | John W. Parker and Son, West Strand |
15724) 2a Ole ovo:

Osborn: Quedah; or, stray leaves from a Journal in
Malayan Waters. By Captain Sherard Osborn,
R. N., C. B. London: Longmans) 937 55euer

Yule, Henry: A Narrative of the Mission sent by the
Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava
INe HOS Suen eee London, Smith, Elder, and Co.
1858, 4to. p. 374, Appendix K. Phe /Mis=
sion of Gerard Van Wusthof to the King of the
Laos ; ( abstract of the account given by Valen-
tijn, q. v.)

Les Francais | A Siam | 1685-1689 | (Extrait du Ca-
binet Historique). | Paris | Au Bureau du Cabi-
net Historique | Rue de Savoie, 20 | 1862 |
thin 8vo.

Van Dijk, L. C.D. v: Neérlands vroegste betrek-
kingen met Borneo, den Solo-Archipel, Cam-
bodja, Siam en Cochinchina, Amsterdam 1862
S8vo. ( Miller)

Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach
amtlichen Quellen. Berlin, Verlag der KGnig-
lichen Geheimen Ober-hofbuchdruckerei (R. v.
Decker ). Bd. 1, 1864; Bd. Il, 18665, Baleniie

crown 8vo.
Also, a folio album of views (Ansichten ),
Berlin 1864, R. v. Decker, Paris, Ay mamclee
Brussels, C. Muquardt; London, Williams and
Norgate. .

Werner. Die Preussische Expedition | nach | China

Japan und Siam | in den Jahren 1860, 1861 und

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM, HG:

1862. | Reisebriefe | von | Reinhold Werner, |
Kapitan zur Zee in der Kaiserlich deutschen
Marine. | Mit sieben Abbildungen in Holz-
schnitt und einer lithographirten Karte. | Zweite
munase. | Leipzig: | F. A. Brockhaus. | 1873
8vo.

The first edition appeared in 1863.

138. Mouhot: Travels | Inthe | Central Parts of Indo-
Cinna | (Siam), | Cambodia, and Laos, |
During the years 1858, 1859, and 1860. | By
the late | M. Henri Mouhot, | French Natura-
list | With Illustrations. | London: | John
Murray, Albemarle Street, | 1864. |

2 vols, 8vo.

in French. Henri Mouhot | Voyage | Dans les
| Royaumes de Siam | De Cambodge, De Laos
| Et autres parties centrales de |’Indo-chine |
Relation extraite | Du Journal et de la corres-
pondence de Vauteur | Par Ferdinand de Lanoye
| Paris | Librairie de Hachette & Cie. Boule-
vard Saint-Germain, No. 77 | 1868.

small 8vo. other editions in and 1883.

in Italian. Viaggio | Nei | Regni di Siam, di
Cambodge, di Laos | Edin altre parti centrali
dell’ Indo-China | Del Naturalista | Enrico
Mouhot | Con 75 incisioni e 2 carte geografiche.
( Wilano | E) Ireves, editore | 1871. |

small to.

139. Thomson: A two months tour in Siam. By H.
Dixon Thomson. Singapore: Printed at the
Mission Press. 1866. pp. 28.

140. Bastian: Reisen in Siam | Im Jahre 1863. | von |
Dr. Adolf Bastian. | Nebst einer Karte Hinterin-
diens von Professor Dr. Kiepert. | Jena, | Her-
mann Costenoble. | 1867 | [8vo. This is the
title of the 3rd volume of a work entitled Die
Voelker des Oecstlichen Asiens, by thesame
author] also,

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Die Geschichte | der | Indochinesen. | Aus
Einheimischen Quellen | von | Dr. Adolf Bastian,
| Leipzig 1866. | Verlag von Otto Wigand. |
London. Truebner& Co.| 8vo. [This is vol.
1. of the above-mentioned work. ‘The history
of Siam begins at p. 289. |

Siamesische Marchen, in “ Orient und Occi-

p> Cem.”

141. Grehan. Le | Royaume de Siam | par | M. A. Gré-
han | (Phra Siam Dhuranuraks ) | Consul de Sa
Majesté Le Supréme Roide Siam et son Com-
missaire Général | Prés l’Exposition Universelle.
Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur: | Grand Off-
cier de l’Ordre Royal de 1|’Eléphant Blanc,
Commandeur | et Officier de plusieurs ordres
étrangers. | Publication ornée de Portraits et
vues | Dessinés par Riou | De dix photogra-
vures représentant l’exposition de Siam a Paris
et au Havre, de deux | autographes, et d’une
carte oéographique, d’aprés des documents nou-
veaux | Troisi¢me édition | Corrigée et augmen-
tée | Paris | Challamel Ainé, Libraire-éditeur |
commissionaire pour la Marine et les Colonies
30, Rue des: Boulangers, et 27, Rue de Belle-

s Bertrand, Editeur | Libraire de
la Société de Géographie et de la Société cen-

_trale de sauvetage maritime | 21, Rue Haute-
feuille 1869 | — 8vo.
[fourth edition, 1878.1]

142. Beauvoir: Java, Siam, Canton, Voyage autour du
Monde par le Comte de Beauvoir. Ouvrage en-
richi d’une grande carte spéciale et de quatorze
gravures-photographies par JJeschamps. Trot-
si¢me edition. Paris Henri Plon. 1870. 12mo.

(a 12th edition appeared in 1878, another in
1884 in 18mo.)

143. Alabaster: Vhe modern Buddhist, Being The views
of a Siamese Minister of State on his own and
other religions Translated, with Remarks, by

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 79

Renny Alabaster. Interpreter of HH. B. M.
Consulate-General in Siam. London Tribnde
& Co. 60 Paternoster Row. 1870. 8vo.

The Wheel of the Law. Buddhism illustrater
from Siamese sources. By the Modern Budd-
hist; A Life of Buddha, And an Account of the
Phrabat. By Henry Alabaster, Esq., Inter-
preter, We...... London, Tribner & Co.......1871.

144. Leonowens: The English Governess at The Siamese
Court: Being Recollections of Six Years in the
Royal Palace at Bangkok. By Anna Harriette
Leonowens. With Illustrations. From Photo-
graphs presented to the Author by the King of
Siam. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co. 1870.
Svo.

The Romance of Siamese Harem Life. By
Mrs. Anna H. Leonowens. London, Trtbner
& Co. Boston, James R. Osgood & Co. 1873.
8vo.

145. McDonald: Siam Its Government, Manners, Cus-
toms, &c. By Rev. N. A. McDonald Phila-
delphia; Alfred Martin, 1871, 12mo.

145a. Scherzer: Die Wirthschaftlichen Zustande im Siiden
und Osten Asiens, 8vo Stuttgart, 1871.

1454. De Terie: Voyage en Indo-Chine et dans l’em-
pire chinois, précédé d’une notice sur l’auteur,
ale comte de Carne: 18mo-. Paris, 1872.

146. Vincent: The Land of the White Elephant Sights
and scenes in southeastern Asia A personal
narrative of Travel and Adventure in Farther
India Embracing the countries of Burma, Siam,
Cambodia, and Cochinchina (1871-2) By Frank
Vincent, Jun. With Map, Plans, and numerous
Illustrations. London Sampson Low, Marston
ow and Searle:....: 1873. ~Svo.

147. Garnier: Voyage d’Exploration en Indo-Chine
Effectuée pendant les années 1866, 1867, et
1868 Par une Commission Frangaise Présidée

80

148.

149.

150.

MSN

152.

153.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

par M. Le Capitaine de Frégate Doudart de
Lagrée et publié par les ordres du Ministre
de la Marine sous la direction de M. le Lieutenant
de Vaisseau Francis Garnier...2 vols. 4to with an
atlas of maps and illustrations. Paris, Hachette
ei Cre, 1893;

See also Révue Maritime et Coloniale.

Bacon G. B. Siam, the Land of the White Elephant
as it was and is. Compiled and arranged by
George H. Bacon, New York: Scribner, Arm-
strong and Co. 1873 12mo.

(See also “ Scribner’s monthly ”’).

O’Farell: Siam au vingtitme Siécle par Ed.
O’Farell. Paris Libraire des Bibliophiles Rue
Saint Honore, 3436. 1573 "1 2mo

Sachot Octave: Pays de l’Extreme Orient—Siam
—Indo-Chine Centrale—Chine—Corée———Voy-
ages—Histoire — Géographie — Mceurs—Res-
sources Naturelles. 8vo. pp. 216. Paris 1874.

Lecocq: Les Ambassadeurs de Siam 4 Saint-Quen-
tin en 1686, par M. G. Lecocq. | ansiaae de
Rouveyre, 1874. pp. 13.

Bradley: A narrative of Travel and sport in Bur-
mah, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula. By
John Bradley. London: Samuel Tinsley, 1876.
Svo.

Thomson: The Straits of Malacca—Indo-China
and China or Ten Years’ Travels, Adventures
and Residence Abroad by J. Thomson, F. R.
G.S. London, Sampson Low, Marston, Low
2 Searles 1075, 8vo; also New York, Har-
per & Brothers, 1875.

J. Thomson L’Indo-Chine et la Chine.
Récits de Voyages Abrégés par H. Vattemare.
Panis) libramdte iachettereti Cicer 8vo.

(In the Bibliotheque des écoles) Jenmdes
familles.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. §]

154. Kruijt: Aantekeningen en Opmerkingen betref-
fende Siam, bij een bezoek aan de hoofdstad
Bangkok, door J. A. Kruijt. 4to: p.p. 33.
155. Fergusson: History of Indian and Eastern Archi-
eeeture | By James Fergusson, D.C. L., F. R.
pie COCs VOLE o: ac. London, 1876.
8vo.
p. 631 Architecture of Siam.
156 Quedah: Treaties and Engagements entered into
with, or affecting, The Native States of the
Malayan Peninsula. 3 Parts. Singapore:
emted atthe “ Straits’ Times ” Press. 1877.
Part I. contains Treaties with and affecting
Quedah.

156a@. Loftus: Gulf of Siam Directions To Accompany
Charts of the Me-nam Bang-pak-kong.........
A. J. Loftus. Hydrographic Office Wat Chang
Bangkok 1878. 8vo. pp. 28 and 8; plan of
Bangkok.
157. Lemire: Exposé chronologique des Rélations du
Cambodge avec le Siam, l’Annam et la France.
Par Charles Lemire, Paris, 1879. pp. 46 8vo.,
and map.
158. Pereira: Las Moedas de Siam.
159. Harmand: Rapport sur une Mission en Indo-Chine
de Bassac 4 Hué, in vol. V of the 3rd Series of
Archives des Missions scientifiques et littéraires.
See also Annales de l’extréme orient ; Bul-
letin de la Société de Géographie; and Le
Tour du monde for 5 July, 12 July, 19 July 1879,
and subsequent numbers.
160. Cooke: The British Burma Manual. Compiled and
Arranged by Captain C. B. Cooke, Calcutta
1879. 2vols 8vo.
Vol I. contains the Treaty with Siam of 1855,
the Orders in Council of 1856 and 1876, the
Boundary Treaty of 1868, and the Chiengmai.
Treaty of 1874.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

166. Smith’: History of Siam, Reign of H. M. Somdetch,
P’ra Narai, who reigned during the years 1657
and 1682, A. D. Translated by Samuel J. Smith.
Bangkok 1880. pp. 46.

History of Siam, Reign of H. M. Somdetch,
P’ra P’etarahcha, who reigned during the years
1682 and 1698, A. D. translated by Samuel J.
Smith. Bangkok, 1880. pp. 70.

History of Siam. Reigns of Their Majesties
Somdetchs, P’ra Putta Chow Su’a, P’ra Chow
Yu Hua Tai Sa, Pera Chow Yu HuasBorema
Koht, Chowfa Dauk Madu’a, P’ra Chow Tinang
Suriya Marin Who reigned during the years
1698 and 1767. A. D. translated by Samuel J.
Smith, Bangkok. 1881 pp. 71-115.

Siamese Domestic Institutions, old and New
Laws on Slavery. Translated by Samuel J.
Smith. Bangkok. 1880 pp. 64.

162. Senn van Basel: Schetsen uit Siam. Amsterdam,
1880, roy. 8vo.

( originally published in the Indische Gids.)

see also Annales de |’ Extréme Orient.

-163. Delaporte: Voyage au Cambodge—L’ Architecture
Khmer, par L. Delaporte. Numerous Engrav-
ings. Paris, 1880, large 8vo.

163a. Hellwald : Hinterindische Lander und Vélker Reisen
in den Flussgebieten des Irrawaddy und Me-
kong; in Birma, Annam, Kambodscha und Siam.
Unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der neuesten
Zustande in Birma bearbeitet von Friedrich von
Hellwald. Zweite vermehrte Auflage. Mit 70
in den Text gedruckten Abbildungen und 4 Ton-
bildern. Leipzig. Verlag von Otto Sparmer,
1880 8vo.

164. Soureches: Mémoires du Marquis de Sourches, pub-
lies par MM le Comte de Conmac et Hiiimer
trand, Paris) 1862) tome Ir (Vanier

165. Fontpertuis: Chine, Japon, Siam et Cambodge,
HOMO.) Panis Ss2naey:

166.

167

168.

169.

170.

rie ¢

172.

eee.
73:

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 83

Bangkok Centennial, Held at Bangkok, Siam.
1882, pp. 64.

Loftus: Notes of a Journey across the Isthmus of
Kra, made with the French Government Survey
Expedition, January-April, 1883...... By Com.
ae ous, FRG: S52 *smeapore, London,
Edward Stanford. 1883. 8vo.

Deschanel Paul: La Question du Tonkin, Paris,
Berger-Levrault et Cie, 1883, 8vo. pp. 29Q1-
296 relate to Siam and its political future.

Moura J.: Le Royaume de Cambodge. Paris,
Ernest Leroux, 1883, 2 vols. royal 8vo. with
illustrations (vol. 2 contains information with
regard to the relations between Siam and Cam-
bodia).

Lanier: Etude Historique sur les Relations de la
France et du Royaume de Siam de 1662 4 1703
D’aprés les documents inédits des Archives du
Ministeré de la Marine et des Colonies avec le
fac-simile d’une carte du temps Par Lucien
Lanier Professeur agrégé de lhistoire, au
Collége Rollin Versailles Imprimerie de E.
Aubert, 6, Avenue des Sceaux 1883.

Cordier: Mémoire inédit du capitaine P. P. Darrac,
concernant les affaires de Siam, in the first
volume or Wa rance en Chine au XVII.
piccle.:, Paris, 1883, Syo.

/

De Lagree, Doudart: Explorations et Missions.
Paris, 1883, 4to pp. CXIV and 684. maps, illus-
trations and plans.

Reclus: Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Tome

VIM Ende et’ LU Inde-Chine. Paris 1883.

Bock: Temples and Elephants: The Narrative of
a Journey of Exploration Through Upper Siam
ancmeeao. ly Carl Bock. <..Map, Coloured
Plates, and Illustrations. London: Sampson
Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington...... 1884,
Svo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

174. Giburt: La famille royale de Siam. Les princes :
Chaofa, Phra Ong Chao, Mem-chao; les Kroms,
d’ aprés des documents Siamois elite, par
Eugene Giburt. Paris, Challamel et Lerous,
1884.

175. Siam and Laos, as seen by our American Mission
Philadelphia : Presbyterian Board of Publication
[preface is dated May, 1884], 8vo.

175a. Meyer. Alterthimer aus dem Ostindischen Archi-
pel und angrenzenden Gebieten, unter beson-
derer Berticksichtigung derjenigen aus der hin-
duischen Zeit. Herausgegeben mit der Unter-
sttitzung der General-direction der kéniglichen
sammlungen fir Kunst und Wissenchaft zu Dres-
den von Dr. A. B. Meyer K.S. Hofrath, Director
des K. Zoologischen und anthropolgisch-ethno-
graphischen Museums zu Dresden. Mit 19
Tafeln Lichtdruck darunter 4 chromolichtdruck
und eine Karte Leipzig Verlag von A. Nau-
mann & Schroeder K6énigl Saechs. Hofphoto-
erapher 1884 folio.

176. Colquhoun: Amongst the Shans. By A. R Colqu-

houn. With....an historical sketch of the Shans
by Holt S. Hallett,.....preceded by anintroduc- -
tion on The Cradle of the Shan Race by Terrien
de la Couperie. London, 1885. 8vo.
England and France in Indo-China, By the Au-
thor of “Across Chrysé ”, in The National Re-
view for June, 1853. (London, W. Eleven
& Co.)

177. Rosny: Ethnographie du Siam Le Peuple Siamois
ou Thai, 18mo. cart. pp. 120. et 14 ne-e same
188

me Peuples connus des anciens s Chinois, in
Indisch Plakaatenboek, Batavia, 1885.

Etudes asiatiques de géographie et d’histoire..
(Contains a chapter entitled Le royaume de
Siam), 8vo. Paris,1864.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 85

178. Haas, J: Siamesische Miinzen.

179. Jal: Dictionnaire de Biographie et d’ Histoire.
Article on “ Ambassadeurs Siamois.”’ (Lanier.)

180. Knox: Boy Travellers in Siam.

181. Martin: Histoire de France. Vol. XIV, pp. 28-9.
Siamese embassy to France. (Lanier.)

182. Raynal: Histoire philosophique et politique des
deux Indes. vol. I book IV. the advantages
which France might derive from Siam. (Lanier).

183. Conversations on the Siamese Mission, published
by the Massachusetts Sunday School Union.
( Chinese Repository.)

1830. King, D. €.: Siam and Cambodia.

ADDENDA.

s

184. Paul Branda: [Reveillére, P.E.]. (a et La Cochin-
chine et Cambodge L’A4me Khmére Ang-kor
Paris Librairie Fischenbacher (Société Ano-
mee ss.) inne de | Seme,-33 1686 Tous

droits reservés. sm 8vo.

185. Cort: Siam, or, the heart of Farther India. By Mary
Lovina Cort, a resident of Siam. New York:
Anson D. F. Randolph & Co.

186. A Copy of an ancient Siamese inscription. The
original is dated about the year 1193 of the
Christian Era and was discovered on a stone
pillar in the city of Sukhoday, the capital of
Siam at that period. Printed at the royal
printing office, in the lithographic press.
Bangkok. 4to., 8 p.p. (Maisonneuve).

(To be Continued.!

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ded (Sy Ley’ S91 Sle yh ls Ind Pode shes py oe
Se peel leeyd Bry Seed yyy ake agla SIS oy pad
(gE ESI ghyS “Tpke casper ESGI geal SOIT PSardy
IIMS 20S Sgad ALU dentine Gio yd lair Syl Sy due
Zand SiS] Shae BIRD cenad had ale —— Js
G9 eed ees Ug! My! Spe oo PPS pS EL glrentl
Pret Gra) lhe GS ydapie JRtad Bile gyde ES Ed ay
Ayal Wyands ages allale Sa) she eae oS alls

SRI RAMA. v.

Iyd JR 5 JKhew Syd oly hard Syiyd cary Nyy
ay sae Ely dig) Ele Bee Gre gylB dodo abet! syle
sed Slr Syad Syst] glial Sysil Sle ghslys dbs vy
pss Seeks) Ely gl Sersy GIS Woy old Oly
Symi) glinsl IS Gale cl db yet Ge lire Steely
ahhes cis ae gi Shey de> 93 fale dl yx ls yl,ls Sy gel
és cody! 1048 <i fame ale Glas aS soy
he Sts Bile E94 35 * SF gyrrre yghil She gall
te psy lds grt slS Eyl Qh E Sts ali rary
gle rd Vd gee slo Legh yond ghd Chasd Nad Oy Ue SJ
aly coy Ty WAS ca slee BS ola SAY yydseby! ghydeys
By A glo dso3 5) BS Sable Br Qld Sl S595) Shy &
5 pogo Sls “24 BL ld Pals Soh Br ld yadad : Ails
aly csr Gly Holes SUE grbe MY ped Sl ShesS IU Sunes
datas ey phel NS grtyt SSIps nphel EpSRT ST crams ATID 9) Cote
52? od M3 ory or Obit plo Sh we CHL
NS pS Seno abs) SNF eadyd sho CUE SI Lrgsl ss
SB lds JSES ar dle ayy gle Gb A dee US SIs
rigs Gr Dlee BS ld Spe ar dle Sb glo sy & de
ld “gms & dS lave oe ols Saad re Mle le sls
ge oh Ged gs dleys Sel glo dE gr dhe oJ
le ay ghd dog sl gyeks gi] Saas 3) EWE Ql
dle Syd gS Se hd sib Sgnnive Sls he sil

SRI RAMA

A MALAY FAIRY TALE,
FOUNDED ON THE RAMAYANA.

:0:

cote SWE yPd poly Lee oSbte (55 aay! 6.08!)

Hs Soo) DPI gel) yhee yt! Iya thd $l osl e>
ebisre pis ah Sy Syd abby oe coslyns ys ala!
zlocsslane dhgle Sates lO gs phy syd gly alin ghee
SKE pr) sland E,Kest OO 8S ye Ey) Syed (5S Seat pane
Bp&y Bldm Sad GS Sym (5 ytme ld yd gOS ASym yond
aby) colraeKes OS glungKin i lal S HS cs) colyech
ddl Ely sdlere Ey dyasd (si aXe sl Gl sds
Kat AS yo csyroly col gld Gold seo pnwye dergl Plate
Plss Sy dalle He sil Kye SLI yl sre ery
col Sly She Sy akae pet dt ely lye sh yh gail
dn Si plete cul Sy Says 2 ol) ipa
pads lle aii wrese pall. cestyrs MBS alla) ele (sylm abyd.s
Lyi Soy) Sl oS SSIs pessyy chars ar csyl® ots
Sarg abaS Sole STS Codoty PSatly gees gyetl sted dal Sy
EISI gS “Wylie cen yoann SILI goal Sas Loyd Bry dard
SeeS UG deine Sibo jad hike Hy) drree Hy
deryPs ll Sots Ka Speake ged cory oly! goed

PENGLIPUR LARA
Mears OORHER, OF CARES.

——_—_—_O——<LSO Se

ROFESSIONAL story-telling has not yet been quite
killed in the East, by the gradual diffusion of printed
and lithographed books and newspapers. The old
legends and romances are still, especially in places

“V@ remote from European influences, handed down

from father to son, and eagerly listened to by old
and young at village festivals or domestic celebrations. ‘To

the Malays, the skilful raconteur, who can hold his audience
enthralled with the adventures of his hero and heroine, or
with elaborate descriptions of the magnificence of the palaces
and courts of mythical Rajas, is the peng-lipur lara, “the
soother of cares,” by the magic of whose art all woes are tempo-
rarily banished.

Sitting in the dale: of a Raja or Chief, or in the verandah of

a private house, when the sun has gone down and the evening

meal is over, the story-teller, very hkely a man who can nei-

ther read nor write, will commence one of the romances of his
repertoire, intoning the words in a monotonous chant as if he
were reading aloud from a book. He has very likely been
placed purposely near a doorway leading to the women’s apart-
ment, and the laughter and applause of the male audience
without is echoed from behind the curtains, where the women
of the household sit eagerly listening to the story. The reci-

_ tation is perhaps prolonged far into the night, and then post-
~ poned, to be continued on the succeeding night. ‘There is no
- hesitation or failure of memory on the part of the bard; he has

been at it from his youth up, and has inherited his romances

from his father and ancestors, who told them in days gone by
to the forefathers of his present audience. A small reward,

88 SRI RAMA.

a hearty welcome, and a good meal await the Malay rhapsodist
wherever he goes, and he wanders among Malay villages as
Homer did among the Greek cities.

Being in Pérak as Assistant Resident some years ago, I was
a witness on one occasion of the talents of one Mir Hassan,
a native of Kampar inthe south-east of that State, and brought
him down to Liarut with the intention of having his stock of
legendary lore committed to writing. Official occupations
interrupted this work, and it is only in this year(1886) that I
have been able to have it completed, Mir Hassan having,
through the influence of my friend Raja [pris of Pérak, been
induced to visit me in singapore. I now offer to the Society
the Malay text of a romance called “Sri Rama.’ Like the
well-known Malay hikayat of that name, it is founded
upon the adventures of some of the heroes of the Ramayana,
but an oral legend current among the people has, of course,
many points of interest, which are wanting in a written version,
compiled by a scribe who may have knowingly borrowed from
foreign sources. It may not, perhaps, be easy to trace much of
the action of the great Hindu Epic in the somewhat childish
narrative of the Malay village-singer, but of the profound
influence which the Rimayana and Mahabharata have had in
the Farther East—the India ert;a Gangem and the islands
beyond—there can be no doubt. ‘There is not a village-stage
in Siam, Malaya or Java, the dramas of which are not directly
referable to these sources, while the wrongs of Sirs DEwi, the
might of the giant Rawana, and the prowess of the monkey-
king HaNuMAN ™ are household words everywhere.

Mir Hassan’s story was taken down verdatim from his
lips by native writers, and I have gone carefully over it, getting
from bim explauations of obscure passages. Here and there
the style is diversified by metrical passages in a pecuhar
ee not unlike the specimens of the Dayak blank-verse

* T have little doubt that the Andaman Islands owe their name
to the fact that their inhabitants were indentified by the Malays
with the monkey sof Hanuman. The Malays call the group “ Pulan
Handuman,” or the islands of Hanuman, and this we Thame corrupt-
ed into Andaman.

SRI RAMA, 89

given by Mr, Prruam in scme of his contributions to this
Journal. The following sketch of the story, with quota-
tations from the text where passages of particular interest occur,
will give those who are unable to read the original an insight
into the style of a genuine Malay legendary romance.

The story opens in the kingdom of T anjone Bunga, th
Raja of which is called Sr Rama, married to the Pe
SakttuM Bunea SaTanGKhe (“ a single blossom on a stalk ?’)
Sri Rama’s peace of mind is disturbed by the fact that, howde
he has been married for three years, he has no child, and for
three months and ten days he ponders over this want of an heir.
An idea occurs to him one night, and on rising in the morning
he goes into the outer hall of his palace and ringing the
alarm-bell brings all his people together. A metrical passage
in which a tropical daybreak 1s described is not without some
beauty of expression :—

Tengah malam ter-lampau
Dinahari belum sampei
Budak-budak dua kah bangun jaga
Orang tua ber-kalih tidor
Ambun j jantan rintik-rintik
Ber-bunyi kuang jauh ka-tengah
Sorong lanting riang di-rimba
Ter-dingur lembu di padang
Sambut menguwak kerbau di kandang
Ber-tepuk méndong arak mengilai
Fajr sidik menielengsing naik
Kichak-kichau bunyi morai
Taptibau melambong tinggi
Menguku balam di hujong bendul
Ter-dingut puyub panjang bunyi
Puntong sa’jingkal tinggal dua j jar
Ttu-lah ‘alamat hari handak slang.
The following is a somewhat free translation :—
Long had past the hour of midnight,
Lingered yet the coming day-light ;
Twice ere now had wakening infants
Risen and sunk again in slumber ;

QO SRI RAMA,

Wrapped in sleep were all the elders,
Far away were pheasants calling,

- In the woods the shrill cicada,
Chirped and dew came dropping earthwards.
Now lowed oxen in the meadows,
Moaned the buffaloes imprisoned,
Cocks, with voice and wings, responded.
And with feebler note the murai.
Soon the first pale streak of morning,
Rose and upwards soared the night birds ;
Pigeons cooed beneath the roof-tree,
Fitful came the quail’s low murmur ;
On the hearth lay last night’s embers,
Foot-long brands burned down to inches,
Heralds all of day’s approaching.

The palace is described with the usual oriental exaggeration.
The length of the outer audience chamber is ‘‘as far as the
flight of bird, as far as the eye can see, as far as a horse can
gallop at a stretch” (sa’lelah burong terbang, sa’yojana mata
menentang, swlejang kuda ber-lari). Part of the art of the
story-teller consists in piling up similes and synonymous des-
criptive phrases in this way. The signal which the Raja gives
for the assembling of the people is another instance; (iva
menuntong tabuh raya larang-an, memalu gong pe-laung, chanang
pemanggil) “he sounded the great forbidden drum, struck the
gong of assembly, the chanang of summons.”

Kiveryone answered the summons—the Tumunggong, the
Laksamana, the Orang Kaya Besar, the Ferdana Mantri, the
warriors, the army, and the people, great and small, old and
young, male and female, high and low—

Yang ber-anak ber-dukong anak
Yang chapik datang ber-tongkat
Yang buta datang ber-pimpin
Yang tuli datang ter-tanya-tanya
Yang kurap datang meng-himbar.

“Those with young children came with their babies on their
backs, the lame came leaning on their sticks, the blind came
led by the hand, the deaf came enquiring on all sides, and the
diseased came keeping their distance from the others.”

SRI RAMA, 9]

The Orang Kaya Tumunggong, one of the chief ministers
of the State, then addressed the Raja asking what danger or
accident had caused this summons.

Kota mana-lah yang rebuk?

Parit mana-lah yang tungkal ?
Pagar mana-lah yang runtoh ?

Balei mana-lah yang chondong ?
Tiang mana-lah yang putus?

Atap mana-lah yang gintang?
Dinding mana-lah yang pesuk ?
Lantei mana-lah yang patah ?
Angkat-an deri mana-lah yang tiba?

“What fort has fallen down, what moat is choked up,
what palisade has given way, what building is leaning over,
what pillaris broken, what roof leaky, what wall ruinous,
what flooring out of repair? Or has an army arrived from
anywhere ?”

Then Sri Rama related his disquietude at the want of an
heir, and described how he had suddenly conceived the idea of
sending for his elder brother Raja Laksamana, who lived far
inland, in order that his advice might be asked. The Tu-
monggong was at once despatched to call the latter.

Deri jauh sesar-kan dekat.
Sudah dekat hampir-kan tiba.*

“From afar he got nearer and nearer and gradually ap-
proached and arrived.”

Raja Laksamana proceeded to the court with the Tumong-
gong, and Sri Rama then explained that he had sent for
his elder brother in the hope that he might be the depositor of
some of the secrets handed down from ancient times, by means
of which he might divine what was to happen in the future,
and whether an heir was yet to be born to him (takut ada-lah
barangkali abang dapat ‘umanat orang tua-tua dahulu kala
barangkali dapat melihat hal kita laki istri barangkali ada
betuah-nia me-lihat atau ber-uleh anak atau tiadu). This is an
allusion to the art of divination still practised by Malay sorcer-

* This phrase is used repeatedly throughout the story, whenever
one of the characters makes a journey.

92 SRI RAMA,

ers and devil-dancers, the impiety of whose performances, from
a Muhammadan point of view, is excused by immemorial usage.
The proceedings of Raja Laksamana, described further on, are
exactly those of a Malay pawang at the present day.

The great hall of the palace was at once got ready in ac-
cordance with Raja Laksamana’s directions, and the implements
and properties required by him were prepared. ‘These were
a candle (a cubit in length, measured from the elbow to the
top of the middle-finger, as thick as a man’s fore-arm and with
a wick of the thickness of a man’s thumb), some Jertzk (parched
rice), bras kunniet (yellow rice), tepong tawar (sacred water), and -
eight cubits of white cloth. Mats and carpets were spread,
curtains and canopies suspended, anda sort of altar (petarana)
was erected in the centre of the hall.

Raja Laksamana commenced operations by bur ning incense

and fumigating with it the charmed water (tepong tawar), with
which he sprinkled the platform. He then set the candle
upright and hghted it, after having scattered some rice about.
The candle was then sprinkled with water, and there was more
scattermy of rice and waving of incense. ‘Then, pulling the
white cloth over his head and enveloping his whole body in it,
Raja Laksamana remained in abstracted contemplation from
sunset ( pohon petang ) to daybreak the next morning.*
He then announced that an heir would be born to Sri Rama,
but that he must first get up an expedition by water for the
amusement of his Princess, fitting out for the purpose seven
sea-going boats and collecting numbers of young people with
bands of music to attend her. They were to proceed to a hill
on the sea-coast, on the top of which would be found a lake of
green water, with a river flowing down from it to the sea, and
two lofty trees (pohon tualang) beside the lake. Strict warn-
ing was given to Sri Rama not to bathe in this lake, as who-
ever did so would instantly be turned into a monkey.

* Compare this with the description of a Malay pawang’s pro-
cedure.—Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic So-
eieby, Nios 12) p: 222

SRI RAMA. 93

The Chiefs were then summoned to receive the Raja’s
orders :—
Deri jauh men-junjong duli
Sudah dekat langsong meniembah
Ter-angkat kadam jari sapuloh
Kunehup saperti sulur bakong
Jari saperti susun sirih.

“ While yet some way off they bowed to the dust

When they got near they made obeisance

Uplifting at each step their fingers ten

The hands closed together like the rootlets of the dakony palm
The fingers one on the other like a pile of stiri’ leaves.’’

The Tumonggong having been directed to have seven boats
built im seven days’ time, returned home and forthwith
summoned forty-four carpenters and gave them the necessary
directions. Working day and night without a break except
for meals, the forty-four boat-builders completed their task at
the close of the seventh day, and the boats fully equipped were
launched and taken down to the Raja’s private landing-place.
Seven more days were occupied in assembling all the youths
and maidens of the country to accompany the Princess. There
was a forced levy (kérah) of all these, through the Penghulus
or headmen, by command of the Tumonggong, and the Raja
himself made his selection, from among “the crowd brought
together at the balei, of “ boys just approaching manhood and
girls just ripe for marriage 7 (orang muda-muda sedang olok-
olok-kan laki-laki, dan perampuan yang sedang elok di-panjat
nikah). Dresses of honour were given to these, musical in-
struments “ of the twelve kinds” were got together, provisions
for the expedition were put on board the new vessels, and all
the Chiefs, warriors and attendants who were to accompany
the Raja were assembled.

At this point, there occurs a long and curious description
of the dress which Srr Rama wore; first his trousers —

Ber-saluar beraduwanggi nama-nia
Pésak ber-pésong sendiri-nia
Beratus-ratus chermin di pinggang

O4, SRI RAMA.

Beribu-ribu chermin di kaki
Menabor merata-rata badan
Chermin besar menurut pésak.*

Then his waist-band (kain tkat pinggang)—
Kain chindei jantan panjang tengah tiga puloh
Tiga puloh dengan rambu-rambu-nia
Tiga kali sa-hari ber-ubah warna-nia
Pagi-pagi warna ambun
Tengah hari warna lembayong
Pétang-pétang warna miniak.f

Next, his coat (baju)—
Baju beludu kasumba murup
Tiga kali menolak sri
Tujoh kali menolak pati
Tiga tahun dagang ber-laiar
Pati lekat di-tapak tangant

His kris was a marvellous weapon—
Kris sampana ganja iras
Ganja menumpang puting ber-putar sendiri-nia
Retak mayat dua si-anjur di pangkal
Pamur janji di-tengah
Lam jilallah di tuntong
Pamur alif ter-diri sendiri-nia.
Ber-sambut panjut puteh
Bukan-nia besi sa’barang besi
Besi lebih penganching pintu Kaabah Allah

** “ Fe wore the trousers called berdduwangg?, miraculously made
without letting in pieces ; hundreds of mirrors encircled his waist,
thousands adorned his legs, they were spriukled all about his body,
and larger ones followed the seams.”

+ “ Flowered cloth, twenty-five cubits in length, or thirty if the
fringe be included; thrice a day did it change its colour, in the
morning transparent as dew, at mid-day of the colour of lembayong,
and in the evening of the hue of oil.”

t “ A coat of reddish purple velvet, thrice brilliant the lustre of
its surface, seven times powerful the strength of the dye; the dyer
after making it sailed the world for three years, but the dye still
clung to the palms of his hands.”

SRI RAMA. 95

Di-timpa anak Nabi-ullah Adam dahulu

Di-hanchur di tapak tangan

Di-timpa di hujung jari

Di-sepuh dengan ayer bunga

Di-sepuh di apur china

Turun bisa-nia deri atas langit

Di-asam di hulu ayer

Ikan di-ekor ayer mati ber-kapong-an.*

The sword that he wore was called “lang pengonggong”’
“the successful swooper,”’ /it., the kite carrying off its prey.
The next article described is his turban, which, among the

Malays, is a square handkerchief fulded and knotted round the
head :—

Ter-ambil-lah tangkolok bulang hulu

Bulang palangi besalu alei

Rembang tengah dendam ta’sudah

Ada suatu puncha ta’sudah

Jika sudah dunia kiamat

Bukan-nia tenun sa’barang tenun

Tenun bonda deri muda

Chukup perindu dengan perendang

Chukup hikmat “ si-mula jadi”

*« Ashik sa’kampong ” “ si-putar léman ”

“ Asam garam” ‘“ ahadan mabuk’’

* “ A straight blade of one piece which spontaneously screwed
itself into the haft. The grooves called retak mayat started from
the base of the blade, the damask called pamur janj? appeared halt
way up, and the damask called lam jilallah at the point; the
damask alif was there parallel with the edge, and where the
damasking ended the steel was white. No ordinary metal was the
steel, it was what was over after making the bolt of God’s Kaabah
(at Meccah). It had been forged by the son of God’s prophet,
Adam, smelted in the palm of his hand, fashioned with the end
of his finger, and coloured with the juice of flowers in a Chinese
furnace. Its deadly qualities came down to it from the sky and
if cleaned (with acid) at the source of a river, the fish at the
embouchure came floating up dead.”

96 SRI RAMA.

“Sapalit gila”’ “sri gegah”
“ Doa unus’’ pun ada ter-surat di situ.*
To the Malays, the hero of the story is, of course, a Malay,

and he naturally wears the national garment—the sarong :—

Kain kindang kindu kindang kiani

Kain khasa gantapolam

Bukan-nia tenun sa’barang tenun

Tenun orang yang ber-lsang

Ganti orang yang ber-paruh

Dalam tempayan tengah laut

Sahari sudah tukang di-bunoh

Tiada siapa turut teladan

Bukan-nia pakei raja-raja sakarang 1n1

Pakei raja zaman dahulu sadia lama

Di-jemur ber-tambah basah

Di-rendam ber-tambah kéring

Ada koyak sadikit ber-jerumat

Usah-kan korang ber-tambah harega

Saratus réal pem-béli benang

Di-titik ambun sa-titik

Sa-hasta benang panjang kusut

Angin sélatan datang meniélései-kan f

*- He next took his royal head-kerchief, knotting it so that it
stood up with the ends projecting, one of them was called dendam
tw sudah (endless love), it was purposely unfinished, if it were
finished the end of the world would come. It had been woven in no
ordinary way, but had been the work of his mother from her
youth. Wearing it he was provided with all the love-compelling
secrets.” (The names of a number ot charms to excite passion
are given, but they cannot be explained in the compass of a note).

+“A robe of muslin of the finest kind; no ordinary weaving
had produced it, it had been woven in a jar in the middle of the
ocean by people with gills, relieved by others with beaks; no
sooner was it finished than the maker was put to death, to that
no one might be able to make one like it. It was not of the fash-
ion of the clothing of the rajas of the present day, but of those
of olden time. If it were put in the sun it got damper, if it were
soaked in water it became drier. A slight tear, mended by darn-
ing, only increased its value, instead of lessening it, for the thread —
for the purpose cost one hundred dollars. A single dew-drop drop-
ping on it would tangle the thread for a cubit’s length, while the
breath of the south wind would disentangle it.”

~_

SRI RAMA. 97

By the time that Srr Rama was dressed, it was mid-day,
“when the shadows are round” (buntar bayang-bayang),
and it was time to embark. But he had first to comply with
the (Malay) observances included under the term of langkah,
which assure to a traveller a successful journey and a safe
return :—

Di-kena-kan langkah sedang budiman

Anak ular ber-bélit di kaki

Anak lang terbang meniungsong angin
Sa-langkah kahadapan dua langkah balik ka-bélakang.
Sa-langkah kahadap tanda meninggal-kan négri
Dua langkah balik ka-bélakang tanda ber-balik
Sa-langkah kaki yang kanan

Ber-dérik changgei di kiri

Sa-langkah kaki yang kiri

Ber-dérik changgei di kanan

Ter-ayak dada yang bidang

Ter-lempei jari yang halus

Di-kena-kan langkah menukal kachang
Ter-kena lenggang menabor bayam.*

As soon as the Raja had embarked, anchor was weighed
and the expedition started amid the beating of drums and
gongs and the blowing of trumpets. Cannon and muskets
were fired (for anachronisms do not shock the taste of a Malay

* “Te adopted the art called ‘ sedang budiman,’ the young snake
writhed at his feet (7.e., he started at mid-day when his own
shadow was round his feet), a young eagle was flying against the
wind overhead; he took a step forward and then two backward,
one forward asa sign that he was leaving his country, and two
backward asa sign that he would return; as he took a step with
the right foot, loud clanked his accoutrements on his left, as he
put forth the left foot a similar clank was heard on his right, he
advanced swelling out his broad chest, and letting drop his slender
fingers, adopting the gait called “planting beans” and then the
step called ‘‘sowing spinach ’.”

(A long step and a slow swing of the arms reminds a Malay of
the way a man steps and raises his arm to plant bean-seeds six
feet apart ;a quicker step and a rounder swing of the arms is com-
pared to the action of scattering small seeds.)

98 SRI RAMA.

audience), the popping of the latter bemg compared to roasting
paddy when the grain flies out of the husk with a slight, report
(be-dérap bédil yang kéchil baget penaka bertth yang amat baik
jedi). The swiftness of the boats is most graphically des-
eribed :— ;
Bagei puchuk di-lanchar-kan

Bagei bélut di-getil ekor

Bagei kumbang putus tali

Lalat hinggap ter-gelinchir

Burong terbang dapat di-tangkap

Angin lalu dapat di-lampar

Di-lempar ka-hadap jatoh ka-bélakang.*

After seven days and seven nights spent in amusement at sea,
the Princess proposed to her husband to land and see the place
described by Raja Laksamana, where the river flowed down
to the sea from a green lake on the mountain. Orders were
given accordingly, and next morning the immense assemblage
landed “ when the sun was already high, filling the plain with
its heat, about the period called tulih tenggata.t” Leaving the
older men to look after the boats, the royal couple, attended by
their Chiefs and subjects, climbed the hill, a path being cut for
them through the forest. About the period of mid-day prayer
(dhohor), they reached the top, and found a lake exactly as
described by Raja Laksamana. The Princess was at once
seized with a violent longing to bathe in its waters and, with-
out saying a word to her husband, she plunged in; she was
immediately turned into a monkey and sprang chattering up
one of the two large tualang trees which grew on the banks. On
seeing this, Srr Rama followed her example, jumped into
the lake, and a moment afterwards joined his consort in the

** «Tt was like a palm-shoot hurled as a spear, like an eel darting
away when caught by the tail, like a cockchafer escaping when
its string is broken. ‘The fly which settled (on one of the boats)
found it slip from under him, the bird on the wing was overtaken
and caught, the wind blowing in the same direction was passed by,
an article thrown ahead from the bow fell into the water astern.”

+ Tulih tenggala, the time when the ploughman looks round at
the sun, feeling the morning rays striking on his back.

SRI RAMA. 99

trees in the form of a monkey. Their subjects broke out
into lamentations and remained below the trees watching with
astonishment the antics of the King and Queen, who were
jumping about among the branches. It was quite in vain
that the Tumonggong implored the King to come down, he
was quite unconscious of the entreaties addressed to him.
Then the Chiefs took counsel together and it was resolved
that the Tumonggong should return to Tanjong Bunga and
fetch Raja Laksamana, the King’s elder brother, while the
rest remained to wateh. On the eighth day the Tumonggone
reached his destination, and presenting himself before Raja
Laksamana explained what had happened. The latter, after
providing himself with all the implements of sorcery (mat,
carpet, petarana, candle, tepong tawar, parched rice and yellow
rice), set off for the scene of the catastrophe, leaving the
Tumonggong in charge of the palace. The incantations were
immediately successful, and Sri Rama and his princess came
down from the trees, plunged into the lake, and emerging
from the water resumed their human form. Orders were then
given for the immediate return of the whole party.

Not long after this the King learned that his hopes of having
an heir were likely to be fulfilled, and he summoned all his
people and, informing them that the Princess was enceinfe,
gave orders that there should be general rejoicings. Religious
men (Lebis, Hajis, Imams and Khatibs) were to be assembled,
and there were to be readings of the Koran and unlimited
feasting. This was duly carried out, and the rejoicings went
on until the time for the child’s birth approached. The main
building was duly prepared for the event (according to Malay
fashion) and a crowd of Chiefs and attendants assembled, but
to the horror of everyone, when the King’s heir was born it
turned out to be an infant monkey, “ not thicker than a man’s
forearrm.’” There was some discussion as to how the news was
to be conveyed to Sri Rama and who was to ask him, accord-
ing to custom, to name the new-burn infant, but at length the
eldest of the nurses undertook the commission, and presented
herself before the King. Her speech is a characteristic speci-
men of the way in whicha Malay sets to work to break an

100 SRI RAMA.

unwelcome piece of news to a Raja:—“ Ampun, Tuanku,
be-ribu-ribu ampun sembah patek ka-bawah duli yang maha-
mulia patek hamba tua ma‘alum-kan sembah apa-lah hal jika
tidak di-sembah-kan mati ibu dan handak di-sembah-kan mati
bapa sangat-lah hamba tua ini takut-nia handak meniembah-
kan ka-bawah duli tuanku kalau jangan men-jadi ka-salah-an
patek ma‘alum-kan-lah sembah patek ini, jikalau menanggong
murka tuanku akan patek, patek menampun-lah, kalau men-jadi
benar kapada tuanku patek meniembah-kan.” “ Pardon, my
Lord, a thousand pardons, [ prostrate myself in the dust
before your Highness’ feet. I, your old servant, would make
known that there is a matter which it is difficult either to
impart or to withhold;* I am fearful of mentioning it to
your Highness, but if it shall not be imputed to measa
fault, I will do so; if I am to incur your Highness’ wrath by
informing you, I ask permission to retire, but if you approve,
I will speak.”

Of course the King commanded her to speak ; on hearing the
news he said nothing, but left the naming of his first-born to
the old woman, who accordingly called him “ Kra Kechil Imam
Tergangga.’’ In seven days the monkey was able to go alone
to the great hall to play, and when he was forty-four days old
he was strong enough to roam about the country from hamlet
to hamlet amusing himself. He used to absent himself all
day, and returned homeintheevening. His father sat at home
alone, overcome with grief and shame at the thought of the
nature of his offsprmg. For three months and ten days he
sat pondering in this way, and then again he summoned his
Chiefs and people to hear a plan which he had resolved on.
He had decided to rid himself of the animal which was a stand-
ing source of shame to the kingdom, and to banish him to a
remote part of the forest where human foot had never yet
trod. The Tumonggong and Laksamana received orders to ~

* Tit. “if one withholds it one’s mother must die, if one com-
municates it one’s father must die,” idiomatic way of describing a
dilemma. See Malay Proverbs, Journal, Straits Branch, Royal
Asiatic Society, No. 2, p. 125.

SRI RAMA. 101

carry out this decree. The Princess wept and declared that,
though banished, he was and should be, her son for all time.
“ She looked up and the tears gathered in her eyes, so that
when she bowed her head they dropped in a shower, like the
fruit of the bomban falling from ripeness, like grains of maize
pouring on the drying floor, like the beads of a necklace when
the string has snapped, like drizzling rainatmorn. Such were
the tears of the Princess weeping for her son.”’* The Tumong-
gong and Laksamana, after a search, found the monkey up in
a duku tree and told him of the King’sorders. He rather liked
the idea of getting away into the open forest, and set off with
the Tumonggong willingly. After the usual “seven days”
journey, they reached a spot where man had never trodden
before, “ where no horse-fly or gad-fly, even, had ever been.”
There they camped for a night, and on the following morning
the Tumonggong took his leave and returned, bearing dutiful
messages to Sri Rama and the Princess from the little monkey
now left alone in the forest.

Kra Kecuit Imam Tercancea, abandoned to his own devices,
soon got tired of the little hut which the Tumonggong and his
men had built for him, and he resolved to travel. Swinging
himself from branch to branch, he made his way through the
forest ; fruit and flowers and tender shoots supplied him with
food, and for three months and ten days he pursued his journey,
travelling by day and resting at night. At last he reached the
sea and skirted the coast until he came to a walled and fortified
town, which was evidently the capital of some great Raja. He
made his way to the palace, but no one was to be seen, and
walking into the hall of audience, he seated himself on the
throne (ber-stla punggong, ber-juntet kaki sa-bélah) “with one
leg tucked under him and the other hanging down.” Soon he
became aware that a party of female attendants were watching
him and he performed all kinds of antics. They rushed off
and told the head-nurse and she proceeded to awaken the Raja,

* Antara tya kata demikian itu tuan putri serta menengadah ka
langit serta ber-genang-genang ayer mata-nia, tundok ka bumi ber-
chuchur-an seperti buah bomban masak luroh, saperti jagong jatoh
ha bidet, baget manik putus pengarang, bagei hari rintik pagi, ayer
mata tuan putre tundok menangis akan anak-nia. |

102 SRI RAMA.

who was no less a person than Suan Numan himself * “ by
pulling the great toe of each foot alternately.” Directing the
_ attendants to follow him with his cushion and betel-box and
gold and silver vessels, Suan Numan entered the great hall
and at once accosted the monkey, who came down: from the
throne and advanced bowing politely. The questions put by
the Raja were quite unnecessary, for he knew all about his
visitor already, and was able to tell him his name and that of
his father and mother and declared himself to be related to
Set Rama and his wife. He invited the monkey to stay with
him, and told the female attendants to supply his “ grandchild,”
as he called him, with plenty of tender shoots and leaves to eat.
But when he found that his guest ate up forty-four baskets
full of shoots in one night, he told him plainly that he could
not possibly entertain an animal whose appetite was so dispro-
portioned to his size and he directed him to betake himself to
Mount Inggil ber-inggil, where there were said to be all kinds
of fruit. He warned him, however, against attempting to eat
one large round red fruit which he described.

Next day the monkey set off for the mountain, but disregard-
ing all the fruit, which was there in plenty, he made straight
for the top and thence he saw the large round red fruit men-
tioned by Hanuman. He tried to grasp it, when the thing
spoke to him and declared itself to be no fruit, but the sun
itself, placed there by God to illumine the earth. In spite of
warpings to keep off, the monkey made an audacious attempt
to seize the sun and fell senseless to the earth.

The scene then changes to a country called Tahwil, where
there reigned a King called SHau Kosap, who had a daughter
known as the Princess Renek Jintan. The latter was one
day amusing herself with music and singing and dancing at a
place outside her father’s city where her people had pitched a
tent for her, when suddenly the little monkey fell down in the
middle of the assembled multitude. The Princess took charge
of him, for he still had life though unconscious, and she sent to

* This is of course a corruption of the name of Hanuman, the
monkey-king of the Ramayana, but the Perak narrator has blunder-
ed over the first syllable and has supplied the word “Shah” as one
having a specific meaning. The adventures of HanumMAN are, in
this story, assigned to Kra Kxrcuin.

SRI RAMA, 103

the palace and procured cloth and had clothes made for him.
Seeing a ring on his little finger, she transferred it to her own
which it exactly fitted. She was so enchanted with her new
plaything that she wouldn’t go home, and the King and Queen
and the whole Court had to come down and see what was going
on.

Suan Numan, when his “ grandchild’ had been absent for
three days and nights, began to get uneasy about him, and he
went to Mount Togeil- ber- ingyil 1 in search of him. Being un-
successful, he went ‘to the top ‘and waited for the sun to rise.
Salam ‘ aleikum, « ‘Peace be on you,” said he to the sun. Wu
‘aleikum es-salam, “And on you be peace,” responded the
sun with the politeness of a Muhammadan. A conversation
then ensued. The sun pretended at first not to know where
the little monkey had gone, but being reminded that from his
position he could see all that went on in the world, he explain-
ed everything and said that the absentee would be found in
the country of Tahwil, where the King’s daughter was at that
moment playing with him. Swan Numan asked the sun to
get him back, and the sun put out a long hot hand and picked
him out of the Princess’ lap. There was intense heat on the
earth, and then a moment of darkuess, during which it was
found that the monkey had disappeared. The Princess weut
weeping home.

SHan Numan took the delinquent, still unconscious, back
to his palace and, brought him back to life. He then ordered
him to quit the kingdom where he had given so much trouble.
The monkey refused to go, pleading that he was afraid to live
alone in the forest. Upon this Suan Numan explained that
he need be under no fear, for he would instantly be acknow-
ledged as their king by countless multitudes of subjects, who
were divided into four tribes, each governed by four Chiefs.

Next day, acting on the King’s directions, Kra Krcutn
Imam Tercancea betook himself to the forest, and made his way
to the plain of Anta-ber-anta to the north of Mount Inggil-
ber-inggil. Taking his stand under an enormous Jeringin tree
in the centre of the plain, and placing his arms akimbo, he suc-
cessively faced the four points of the compass, and called upon

104 SRI RAMA.

the Chiefs of the tribes by name to come and attend him.
Then with a rushing sound lke that of a hurricane or the
crashing of a thunderbolt came the monkey-chiefs with their
troops. These were Jancert, Masir, Baya Pancuimma Baya,
Bicar Hurusanane, Nina Kamina, Darpr, Manan, JAMBUANA,
Sane Kamaua Sina, Rasa Marsan StnGa, and Marsan SinGA
Brrantatawi. Very ferocious did they look, with gaping
mouths as red as the fires of Jehannum, and as cruel as a tiger
which has just seized its prey.

The monkey hordes speedily acknowledged the new-comer
as their sovereign, and he took up his abode in the plain of
Anta-ber-anta at their head.

The story then shifts to a certain Maharaja Duwana,* who
inhabited the island of Kachapuri ¢ in the middle of the ocean.
He had fallen in love with the Princess Saxutrum Bunca
SATANGKEIr merely from hearing the description of her beauty,
how her waist could be encircled by the fourth fingers and
thumbs joined, how her figure was as slim as the menjeleit
stem, her fingers as slender as the stalk of the lemon-grass,
and her heels as small as birds’ eggs ; how when she ate sirih or
drank water her face acquired an indescribable charm. The
supernatural power which Maharaja Duwana possessed enabled
him to fly through the air from his own country to Tanjong
Bunga, where he alighted outside Sri Rama’s palace. There
the magic charms which he employed strangely affected the
Princess, though she was in her own apartments, and neither
she nor her attendants could understand her uneasiness.

Subsequently, when she was amusing herself in the morning
in the principal éa/er with all her attendants, Maharaja Du-

** RAVANA.

+ The ancient name of Conjeveram in the Madras Presideney,
46 miles 5. W. of Madras. It is called Auchehi in Vamil literature,
and Kachchipuram is probably represented by the mc dern name.—
Yutx’s Glossary, p. 782. he incidents wich, in ihe Ramayana,
take place at Lanka are, in this story, trans’erred to Kachapuri.

¢ A kind of grass or reed something like millet (?)

SRI RAMA. 105
WANA appeared in the form of a golden goat,* and excited the
curiosity of every one, even of Sar Rama himself, who sumn-
moned all his people to seize this extraordinary prodigy.
They chased it in vain, for it always eluded seizure; just
when any number of hands were put out to grasp it (the
narrator compares the outstreched fingers of the multitude to
the legs ofa millipede!) it always disappeared. In vain Sri
Rama had fences, walls and houses levelled in order to give it
no cover, the golden goat still escaped its pursuers. In the
afternoon it went outside the fort to feed, and there again it
was fruitlessly hunted until evening, when Srt Rama declared
that he would not go home until it was caught, and night
found him and his people holding each other’s hands and
groping about in the dark in the jungle after the mysterious
animal.

The King having thus been safely disposed of, Maharaja
Duwana got back into the fort and resumed his own shape.
Then he made his way to the door of the Princess’ chamber,
which he found locked with twelve locks. Striking the door
with his magic turban, which had all the love-compelling
attributes which have already been mentioned im connection
with Srr Rama’s head-dress (supra p.96n), he caused the
twelve keys to fall to the ground, and he entered the room
without further obstacle.

The Princess was astonished at finding herself confronted
in the King’s private apartments by a stranger, and asked him
whence he came. ‘“ From the island of Kachapuri,” said he,

Yang ter-sisip di awan mega,

Hilang di puput angin,

Meniangkar balam, tampak deri kamunchak gunong
Ingegil-ber-inggil.

* *In the Ramayana it is Marticut, a relative and dependant of
RAvana, who assumes the shape of a golden deer. It is eventually
overtaken and killed } by Rama. When dying, Maricut initates the
voice of Rama, and thus induces Talk eannarae to start off to his
brother’s assistance. Srra is thus left alone, and Ravana gains
her presence in the form of an old man.

106 SRI RAMA.

“Tt may be seeu peeping out from among the clouds, but
is lost to view when the wind blows; from the summit of
Inggil-ber-inggil it looks no larger than a dove’s nest.”

“What uneasiness of mind,’’ asked the Princess, ‘has
brought you to my house at such an hour of the night ? 7”

He answered in the following stanza :—

Ber-ape tinggi puchuk pisang
Tingyt lagi asap apt

Ber-apa tinggi gunong melentang
Tinggt lagi harap kami.*

To which the Brincese replied :—

Kalau bagitu rembang jala-nia

Ikan sesak ka berombong

Bagitu letak rembang kata-nia

Choba ber-serah ber-adu untong.t
Ile retaliated with the following verse :—

Merantt chabang-nia dua

Ber-tarah buat kerantong

Sakian matt lagi di choba

Lni-kan ber-serah ber-adu untong.t

‘he Princess then invited him to chew betel, prefacing the
Invitation with Malay politeness by depreciating the quality
of what she had to offer (sirih layu, pinang-nia busuk, gambir
hungus, kapor mantah, tembahu tambah kabun$). This cere-
mony over, Maharaja Duwana had no difficulty in persuading

* How high soever the shoot of the plantain,
Highe er yet is the smoke of a fire ;
H igh though may be the mountain ranges,
High er still are the hopes I indulge.
+ lf the casting-net be skilfully thrown,
‘the fish are found together at the upper end of it ;
If these words are said in earnest,
Let us yield to fate and see what comes of it.
The Meranti tree with a forked limb ;
Shape the wood aid make a drum of it.
the path that leads to death is often ventured on ;
Here 1 yield to fate, let what will come of it.
§ “The betel-leaves are withered, the betel-nut decayed, the
gambir smoked, the lime badly prepared, and the tobacco only fit
or use in the garden ” (to kill insects).

++

SRI RAMA. 107

the Princess to elope with him, and he carried her off to Pulau
Kachapuri.

Spi Rama, in the midst of the forest on a pitch-dark night,
suddenly came to a sense of the absurdity of the enterprise he
and his men had embarked on, and ordered a return to the
town, which they reached a little before day-break. The
gate of the fort lay wide open; rushing on he found the out-
er and inner doors of the palace open, and passing through
them he found his private apartments similarly unprotected
and his consort’s bed empty. One terrified old woman was
found who was able to relate circumstantially what bad hap-
pened in his absence. On learning the truth, the King went
out into the great hall and uttered three terrible screams,

Tujoh negrt padam palita

Tujoh simpang galanggang retak

Gugor mumbang tujoh biji

Orang mengandong tiga bulan habis qugur.*

On the advice of his Chiefs, he again sent for his elder
brother, Raja Laksamana, to ask for his counsel and assistance,
aud after consultation with him, in spite of the entreaties of
the people, it was decided that the two brothers should set
off to recover the missing Princess, leaving the Tumonggong
in charge of the kmgdom. For three months and ten days
they travelled through forests and across plains, until they
reached an enormous fualeng tree, the branches of which
reached the clouds and the stem of which it took them seven
days and nights to skirt. Thence, striking off eastward, they
came to an immense plain on the shores of the ocean, and,
still travelling on, they arrived at last at the foot of Mount
Ingogil-ber-inggil. Some days were spent in a vain search
for a way to ascend the precipitous sides of the mountain,
and one day Srr Rama was astonished at hearing extraordi-
nary cries and noises which seemed to come from wild animals.
Raja Laksamana explained that these proceeded from the

« By the noise, the lamps in seven countries were extinguished ;
the earth at seven cockpits cracked in fissures; seven half-formed
cecoa-nuts fell to the ground; and all the women who were three
months goue with child miscarried.

108 SRI RAMA.

monkey tribes, the subjects of the monkey-prince, Sri Rama’s
own son. Following the sounds, they reached an extensive
plain, where they found the monkey hosts assembled. The
throng parted right and left to let the two brothers pass
through, and they made their way to a large beringin tree,
where they found the monkey-prince seated in state. The
latter rose and received them with the utmost respect, and
asked what had brought them to that remote spot. The un-
fortunate Srr Rama was quite unable to reply, but Raja
Laksamana explained the situation shortly, and stated their
desire tv ascend Mount Inggil-ber-inggil in order to fix from
its summit the exact whereabouts of Kachapuri, which tradi-
tion said could be seen thence, looking no larger than a dove’s
nest. ‘lhe monkey-prince assured them that he could do all
that was necessary, and Sri Rama then found his voice and
addressed his son promising him anything that he might wish
for, if he could only accomplish the deliverance of the Princess.
The monkey said that the wish of his heart was to be per-
mitted, just for once, to eat a meal with his father off the
same leaf and to sleep for once in his arms. ‘This demand
Sri Rama at once agreed to, promising further to acknow-
ledge the monkey as his son and to take him back to his
kingdom if he succeeded in releasing his mother by fair and
open means without descending to the fraud practised by
Maharaja Duwana. The monkey was accordingly admitted
to a share of Sxrr Rama’s dinner and bed and his monkeyish
misbehaviour is described. The King having kept his part
of the bargain, called for the performance of his son’s under-
taking. The latter alleged a difficulty _in finding a place to
take off from in making a leap over to Kachapuri. Sri Rama
suggested the large twalang tree which it had taken him seven
days to walk round and the branches of which reached to the
clouds. The monkey declared that it would not bear him,
but at his father’s request he tried and, as he foretold, the
tree sunk beneath him and came down with a crash. Sri
Rama next suggested a plain called Aérushik, but three
attempts on the part of the monkey only resulted in such a
disturbance of the surface of the plain that showers of sand

SRI RAMA. 109

obscured the sun and the plain itself became a lake. The
next place tried was Mount Inggil-ber-inggil. On the sum-
mit of this mountain the monkey found a walled fort guarded
by a young Jn, who told him that this was the residence of
a Jin with seven heads, who was living there in voluntary
seclusion (fapa). Vhe monkey obtained an interview with
the latter, and explained the object of his visit to the mountain.
He went on to the peak, but it shook so violently that huge ©
rocks went rolling down and the Jin with seven heads called
him back and he had to give up the attempt. But im his
excitement he gave the mountain a blow with one hand and
a great portion of it was detached and fell near the mouth of
the Malacca river! * He and the Jin with seven heads then
entered into a compact of mutual friendship and brotherhood,
the latter giving him a magic ring which would obtain for
him anything that he wished at any time, and he, on his part,
giving to the Jin a lump of frank-incense which on being
burned would procure the attendance of any number of mon-
key-warriors. The Jin explained that his retirement was
owing to his rejection by Raja Suan KosaD as a suitor for
the hand of the latter’s daughter.

After this adventure, the monkey returned to Sri Rama
and made a fresh attempt to leap across to Pulau Kachapuri, this
time from the plain Anta-ber-anta. But this too failed him
in the same manner as Padang Kérushik had before. Then
Sri Rama invited him to mount on his shoulders and thence
make his jump. The monkey climbed up at once, and, to see
if his father could bear him, braced up his rmauscles as if to
leap. Maka di-gegar-nia, maka sa-kira-kira tengah buhagt
gagah maka be-rasa-lah urat sa-ribu sa-ratus sambilan puloh
sambilan dan sagala tulang sendi, maka mata-nia pun merah
saperti saga di-rendang (dan ruma-nia) saperti duri nanyka dan
ber-lubang-lobang saperti pantat kalépong. (“ He clutched Srr
Rama and, putting forth only half of his strength, brought

* Many notable rocks in India are supposed to be boulders
which the monkey-hosts of Hanuman dropped while carrying them
from the Himalayas to build a bridge from the mainland to Lanka.

110 SRI RAMA,

into play all the sinews of his body eleven hundred and ninety-
nine in number, and all his joints, while his eyes. grew as red
as the saga bean * when fried, and his bristles stood up lke
the thorns on the jack-fruit and his pores opened like the
stalk-end of a fig ”’).

Sri Rama had sunk up to his knees in the earth under his
supernatural burden, when Raja Laksamana, seeing his dan-
ger, seized the monkey by the arms and legs and swinging
him round sent him flyimg through space till he fell at last
on an island in the midst of the sea.t There the latter called
upon his friend the Jin with seven heads for help. The wish
was hardly expressed when the latter stood before him, and
the circumstances having been explained, the Jin took the
monkey-prince on his shoulder and then supernaturally in-
creased his stature until he was within easy reach of Maharaja
Duwana’s landing-place at Kachapuri. There the monkey
jumped off and hid himself in the bushes. After a while
forty-four | handmaidens carrying water jars made their appear-
ance. ‘Through them Kra Kéchil learnt the reason why they
came daily to fetch s) much water. They told him that after
Maharaja Duwana had brought Princess Saxutum Buyea
to his own country, he had looked up the genealogy of his
house and had discovered that the Princess stood to him in
the relation of daughter to father. He had thus been unable
to marry her, and had given her a separate palace and
establishment of her own. Here she remained secluded, shut-
ting herself out from the hght of day and bathing constantly

* Saga— Adenanthera pavonia ?
+ According to the Rimiyana, Hayuman leapt across the straits
which separates India and Ceylon, lighting only once on a rock in
the middle.

t The number “ forty-four,” which occurs so constantly in this
story, 1s the number of families which go to make up the congre-
gation of a Malay mosque. So, the period ‘“‘ three months and ten
days,’ which often recurs, is the period of the iddut of a divoreed
woman or a widow, within which she may not lawfully marry
again. The adoption of these arbitrary figures in the ‘details of a
romance is curious.

SRI RAMA. eel

an a brass vessel in the middle of her palace. It was for her
_ bath that the slave-girls were constantly fetching water. On
learning all this, the monkey took an opportunity of slipping
a ring into one of the water-jars and then followed the girls
up tothe palace. The recognition of the ring by the captive
Princess,* and an affectionate meeting between her and her
son, of course, followed. In answer to her advice to come to
a peaceful understanding with Maharaja Duwana, he replied
with Sri Rama’s directions to overcome the enemy by sheer
bravery without recourse to stratagem, and on learning that
Duwana’s favourite trees were a particular cocoa-nut tree
(nyior gading) and a mango tree, he went and destroyed them
both.+ Maharaja Duwana was furious with the perpetrator
of this mischief, but the monkey, by a rapid metamorphosis,
faced him in the shape of a buffalo bull and declared his mis-
sion from Raja Sri Rama. Spears and krises were of no avail
against him, and though seized and bound and cast into a huge
fire, he emerged without a hair being singed. Maharaja Dv-
wana then demanded a truce of seven days, at the expiration
of which the monkey again presented himself at the dale: and
roused Maharaja Duwana from slumber by beating a measure
on the royal drums, just as Jack the Giant Killer in the Eng-
lish story, announces his presence by blowing on the horn
hung at the castle gate. Again was the monkey, in the shape
of a buffalo bull, seized and bound by Maharaja Duwana’s
troops, but this time he himself advised his captors to swathe
him with cotton cloth, and pour oil over it, and then to set
fire to the mass. This, he said, would be sure to kill him.
This was accordingly done by the order of Maharaja Duwana,
with the result that the fire spread to the town of Kachapuri,
which was reduced to ashes. t Knra Kecnin then carried off
his mother and returned to the plain of Anta-ber-anta, where

*In the Ramayana, Hanuman shows Sira a ring given to him
by Rama for the purpose.

+In the Ramayana, Hanuman tears up the whole of an asoka
grove in Lanka before returning to Rama.

+ Hanuman’s tail is set on fire, in the Indian epic; he escapes
however, and the fire communicates itself to the town of Lanka.

112 SRI RAMA.

he restored her to Sri Rama.* Maharaja Duwana warned
him, however, that he would be at Tanjong Bunga seven days.
after him and the combat between them would be renewed.
there.

The return to Tanjong Bunga was accomplished amid
general rejoicings, but Maharaja Duwana kept his word and
attacked that kingdom seven days afterwards. ‘The hostilities
that ensued are graphically described. Blood flowed like
water and as for slaughter—sagala bangket pun ber-kapar-an
saperti anak katet, dan sagala yang besar ber-tunggur-an saperts
balang handak hilir (‘the corpses fell like blades of grass m
number and the bodies of huge beasts (elephants and horses
used in war) lay here and there like logs of timber ready to be
floated down ariver”’). The glancing of the weapons, the shouts
of the brave and the shrieks of the timid all come in fora
share of the description. When the rival armies drew off,
Maharaja Duwana found that out of seven thousand men, he
had but seven hundred left. Recourse to magic only con-
vinced him of the certainty of failure. However, by a well-
directed shot from a wall-piece (istenggarda)+ he brought
down Raja Laksamana, who was, however, immediately cured
by a potent remedy which Kra Kecnuin fetched from Mount
Inggil-ber-inggil.{ After this Maharaja Duwana hauled down
his flags iv token of defeat and humbled himself to the vie-
torious monkey, who at the request of his defeated antagonist
restored all the killed to life. Maharaja Duwana then return-
ed to his own kingdom. $

* In the Ramayana, Hanuman goes back alone after discovering
Srra and burning Lanka. The seize of Lanka by Rama follows
and Srra is eventually delivered by Rama himself.

+] have not thought it worth while to remark the constant
introduction of fire-arms in the narrative, and other incidents of
amore or less modern character, which rather militate against
our ideas of fitness in art. |

t In the Ramayana, both Rama and Laxsamana are killed in the
fight with Ravana, but are both restored to life by a peculiar
herb which Hanuman fetches from Mount Kailisa.

§ The siege of Lanka properly ends with the capture of the
town by Rama, the decapitation of Ravana, and the recovery of S1rra_

SRI RAMA. els

The monkey-prince was now fully acknowledged by Srr
Rama and the Princess as their son and heir and there were
great ceremonies at the palace. At his request, they despatch-
ed a mission to the Court of Raja Suan Kosap to demand
the hand of the Princess Renex Jintan in marriage of their
son. The Tumonggong was the ambassador, and the suit was
favourably received. He returned with the answer that the
marriage should take place on the very day that the monkey-
prince should present himself in the kingdom cr Tahwil to
claim his bride.

The royal family of Tanjong Bunga at once set out for
Bandar Tahwil, the monkey-troops of the bride-groom clear-
ing a road for them through the forest. They worked with such
a will every night—deripada awal sinja kala itu hingga sampei
bintang timor tembul naik fajr sidik meniangsing mengarak tanda
hari akan siang (“from the hour of evening twilight until the rising
ofthe morning-star and the light of the true dawnspreading slow-
ly betokened that day was at hand ”’?)—-tkat in a very short time
the new path was ready “ like a mat spread out,” not a single
blade of grass to be seen on it. The marriage duly took place
(in the Malay fashion, mention being made of the ceremonial
ablution, démau/) in the presence of all the Hajis, Lebeis,
Imams and Khatibs of the place.* On the third night after
the wedding, the Prince, on retiring to rest, came forth from
his monkey-skin and appeared in human shape. He put the
skin away carefully behind a large pillow, and resumed it in
the morning. This did not escape the Princess, who, after
this had happened on two consecutive nights, ordered the
eldest of her women to stay awake and watch (ber-bantal-kau
nytor bulat—using a round cocoa-nut as a pillow, so that her
head would fall off it if she dozed). The betel-nut and sirih-
leaf placed for the Prince’s refreshment were purposely select-
ed so as to have a stupefying effect; on the third night he
divested himself, as usual, of his skin, and chewed betel before

*The reader must not be surprised at the introduction of
Muhammadan incidents in the story. This class of anachronisms
has already been alluded to.

114 SRI RAMA.

going to bed, but he at once fell into a sound sleep and the
old woman jumped up and possessed herself of the skin and
burned it.* The smoke which arose from it turned into
white cloth, and the ashes which were left were found to be
oold.

' The Prince thenceforward appears in the story under the
name of MamsBanc Bonesu. There was, of course, great re-
joicirg in the two capitals in consequence of his transforma-
tion. The Tumonggong was sent off to carry the good news
to Sri Rama and his wife, who come at once to Bandar Tahwil
to see their son. ‘There was a second wedding, and three
months were devoted to festivities. Buffaloes, oxen, goats,
ducks and fowls were killed by the hundred thousand, and
some idea of the magnitude of the preparations may be formed
from the fact that the scrapings of the rice-pots made hillocks,
the blood of the slaughtered animals formed a lake, and the-
hot water poured away in cooking flowed continuously lke a
rivulet !

Soon after this Raja Suan Kosap abdicated in favour of
his son-in-law Mampane Bonesu, who thenceforth reigned
as Raja of Bandar Tahwil.

The only remaining episode is the advent of the Jin with
seven heads, who, ignorant of all that had occurred, came with
an army to demand the Princess Renrx JInTAN in marriage,
threatening war in case of refusal. MampBane Bonesu did
not wish to injure his old friend, so he made an enormous
quantity of paper birds, which, by prayer to the Dewatas, he
caused to be wade instinct with life. These he let loose
among the hosts of the Jin with seven heads, and the latter
could do nothing, for as fast as one was warded off ten more
came. He invoked the help of the monkey-troops by aid
of the charm which Kra Kecuit had given him on Mount
Inggil-ber-inggil when they swore an oath of brotherhood,

* Compare this with the incident of the burning of the enchant-
ed Raja’s jackal-skin in the story of “The Brahman, the Jackal
and the Barber.” Frere’s Old Deccan Days. Cox finds a paralled
between this and the lon-skin of Herakles. Mythology of the
Aryan Nations, 1, 135. .

SRI RAMA. 115

but though the monkeys arrived in thousands, they only jump-
ed upon him and gambolled about, embarrassing him more
than ever. Then MamsBanc Bonesv appeared, and the birds
and monkeys retired. He explained everything, showed the
ring which he had received from the Jin on the mountain,
and announced that the Princess was already his wife. All
thus ended peacefully, the Jin spent a few days at the capital,
and then flew away to his own country after exchanging
mutual promises of alliance with MamBaneG Bonesv.

Mampane Bonesv and his Princess lived happily ever after
and never failed to exchange annual embassies with Sri Rama
and his consort at Tanjong Bunga.

This is one only of many cheritras extant orally among the
Malays. Two others, entitled Raja Ambong and Raja Donan,
also related by Mir Hassan have been reduced to writing for
me, and I was fortunate enough some months ago, at Balik
Pulau in Penang, to secure athird, Raja Budiman or Naga
Mas, related by one Dotan of that place, who had learned it
from an old blind man of Situl (north of Kedah). Another
which I heard sung by a woman of Brunei is now being taken
down for me at Sarawak (Borneo), and I have the names of
others which will, I trust, be collected by those imterested
in Malay folk-lore before the present generation of story-
tellers dies out.

Wot MAX W ELE,

eee SES ee

al,

oy

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

[ Tke following paper is reprinted from a volume of the
Malacca Observer, a newspaper published in Malacca in 1823.
It appears to have been borrowed in the main from the “ Asia
Portugueza” of ManugeL pe Farta y Sovuza, a translation of
which is to be fouud in Vol. VI of Kerr’s Voyages. The
notes have been supplied principally by Mr. D. F.
Hervey. | E. Koex. ]

who chiefly subsisted “by fishing, and who united
themselves with the Malays, who inhabited the
mountains. Their first Chief was Paramisora, (2)
who had been a person of high rank in the island
of Java, whence he was expelled by another Chief
who usurped his lordship, on which occasion Paramisora fled to
Cincapura (Singapura ) (*) where he was well received by the
lord of that place and raised to high employment. But having
rebelled against his benefactor, (*) he was driven from thence
by the King of Siam, and forced to wander about Malacca, as

(*) 2.e. orang laut—no doubt from “ Sélat,” the common designa-
tion of Singapore now-a-days by Malacca People.

(2) Javanese, Préma-siira, or Prdmeya-sira; Sanscrit, Apramasya-
sura, incomparable hero (?).

(*) Sanscrit, Sinha, lion, pira, city (cf. Indra-pira, on west coast
of Sumatra).

(+) De Barros says he murdered him, and ruled Singapore 5
years, before he was expelled by the Siamese under the Raja ot
Patani, who was brother of the murdered king.

118 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

a just punishment for his ingratitude. (1) Having drawn to-
gether a number of the before-mentioned natives, with whom he
established anew colony, he gave the name of Malacca to
the rising city, signifying in the language of the country a
banished man, (2 ) as a memorial of his own “fortune, The first
king of Malacca was XAQUE Darxa or SHEIKH DaArRsHAg, (°)
called by some authors Raat Sars, who was the son of Para-
MIsORA, and was subject to the King of Siam; but from whom
his successors revolted. {*) In the Chinese Records, AunGor’s

Collection, quoted by Colonel Yurz in his Marco Polo, vol. 11.

——

(1) The account given in Lerypen’s translation of the Searah
Malayu differs entirely from this, making Malacca to be founded
by Raja IskanperR Suau, the ruler of Singapore (an proper succes-
sion), on his expulsion from that city by the Javanese despatche1
by the Betara of Majapahit. De Barros’ account is the most
trustworthy. The Chronicler in the es possibly preferred ad-
mitting defeat by Javanese, probably the original founders of Singa-
pore, in place of the Siamese, long a national | enemy, and of a diffe-
rent creed. According to Lrypen’s translation of the Scjarah Malayu,
Raja Iskanper Suan, after settling on the Muar for atime, gave it
up and removed to Sangane (Sungei?) Ujong, where he left a
‘“mantri’ (minister), and proceeded to Bértam (a place 8 or
9 miles up the Malacca River, but called, in the Séjarah, a river),
where he had a “ pélandok” hunt, and a white “ pélandok ”’ was so
plucky as to resist one of the dogs and drive it into the water ;

the Raja was much pleased at this incident. and finding the tree
under which he was waiting was the ‘‘malaka” tree, decided to
found a city there and call it after the tree. Mr. W. E. Maxwenn
has pointed out that this tradition closely resembles a Guzriti
one, and is probably borrowed from it. See Journal, Royal Asiatic
Society, January, 1881.

(2) Said tomean so in Javanese, but it is no doubt taken from the
tree of that name, H’imblica officinalis, which grows in the country.

(?) The Commentaries of ALBUQUERQUE state that he visited
China, and became the Fmperor’s vassal, and got leave to coin
money, which he did on his return, of pewter called “ cash.”

©) ithe Commentaries of ALBUQUERQUE state that Malacca be-
came independent of Siam about 90 years before ALBUQUERQUE
attacked it.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 119

p. 263, it is stated that the King of Malacca went to China
to pay homage in person in the year 1411; but he is called
PEILIMISULA, 7.€., PARAMISURA.
Before the discovery of the route to India by the Cape of
Good Hope, the spices and other productions of India were
brought to Europe with vast trouble and expense, so that they
were necessarily sold at very high prices. The cloves of the
Moluccas, the nutmegs and mace of Banda, the sandal-wood of
Timor, the camphor of Borneo, the gold and silver of Luco-
nia, (+) with all the other and various rich commodities, spices,
eums, perfumes, and curiosities of China, Japan, Siam, and
other kingdoms of the continent and islands of India, were
carried to the great mart of Malacca, a city in the peninsula
of that name, which is supposed to have been the Aurea Cher-
sonesus of the ancients. From that place, the inhabitants of
the more western countries, between Malacca and the Red Sea,
procured all these commodities, dealing by way of barter, no
money being used in this trade, as silver and gold were in
much less request in these eastern parts of India than foreign
commodities. By this trade, Calicut, Cambaya, Ormuz, Aden,
and other cities were much enriched. The merchants of these
cities, besides what they procured at Malacca as before-men-
tioned, brought rubies from Pegu, rich stuffs from Bengal,
pearls from Calicare, diamonds from Narsinga, cinnamon and
rich rubies from Ceylon, pepper, ginger, and other spices from
the coast of Malabar and other places where these are pro-
duced. From Ormuz these commodities were conveyed up
the Persian Gulf to Bassorah, at the mouth of the Euphrates,
and were thence distributed by caravans through Armenia,
Trebizond, Tartary, Aleppo, and Damascus; and from these
latter cities, by means of the port of Beyrut in Syria, the
Venetians, Genoese and Catalonians carried them to their
respective countries, and to other parts of Europe. Such of
these commodities as went by the Red Sea were landed at Tor
or Suez, at the bottom of that gulf, whence they were con-
veyed overland to Cairo in Egypt, and thence down the Nile
_ to Alexandria, where they were shipped for Europe.

Corce. Luzon.

120 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

We find, according to this historian, (!) that it was in
July, (2) 1427, when Vasco (?) p—e Gama _ started to discover
the passage round the Cape. The voyage had been projected
eighty-five years before, in 1412, by Prince Henry of Portu-
gal.

The first visit paid to Malacca by the then enterprising Por-
tuguese appears to have been in 1508, (4) when Dirco Loprrz
SEQuEIRA, (°) who had sailed from Lisbon with Lemos,
was entrusted with the discovery of Madagascar and Ma-
lacea, Arriving atthe port of St. Sebastian in the island of
Madagascar, he ran along the. coast, using a Portuguese as his
interpreter, who had been left there and had acquired the
language. In the course of this part of his voyage be had
some intercourse with a king or prince of the natives named
Diaman, by whom he was civilly treated; but being unable to
procure intelligence of any spices or silver, the great object of
his voyage, and finding much trouble and no profit, he pro-
ceeded to India in the prosecution of the further orders he
had received from the king. He was well received by
AuMEyDA, (°) the viceroy, who gave him an additional ship,
commanded by GArcta DE Souza, to assist in the discovery of
Malacca. In the prosecution of his voyage he was well treated.
by the kings of Pedir and Pacam,(’) who sent him presents,
and at both places he erected crosses indicating discovery and
possession. He at length cast anchor in the port of Malacca,
where he terrified the people by the thunder of his cannon, so

(1) Manvuet DE Farta Y Souza.

(2) According to CastanHepa, on the 8th July; according to
ANT. GALVANO, the 20th June.

(°) Also Vasques.

(*) In 1509 Srquetra reached Malacca; the expedition sent by
King Ewanvet set out in 1508.

(> De Sequeyra. There are still representatives of this name in
the Straits.

(©) ALBUQUERQUE’S predecessor.

(7) Pasei, not far from the ancient city of Samadra, between
JT? Pérlak (Diamond Point) and Ttlok Samawei ; usually written
‘““ Pacem” by the Portuguese. rates

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 2A

that every one hastened on board their ships to endeavour to
defend themselves from this new and unwelcome guest.

A boat came off with a message from the town, to inquire
who they were and what they wanted, to which Loprz sent
back for answer that he brought an ambassador from the
King of Portugal, to propose entering into a treaty of peace
and commerce advantageous for the king and city of Ma-
lacca. The king sent back a message in dubious language,
such as is usual among the Orientals when they mean to act
treacherously, as some of the Moorish merchants, from enmi-
ty to the Portuguese, had prevailed upon him and his favourite
Bandara, (1) by means of rich presents, to destroy Loprz and
the Portuguese. On the third day, Loprz sent Hirrom
Trrxryra (?) in the character of ambassador, attended by a
splendid retinue, who was well received on shore, and con-
ducted on an elephant to the king, from whom he returned
well pleased. All this was only a bait to entrap the Portu-
geuese to their destruction, and, in addition, the king sent an
invitation to Lorrz to dine with him in public. Loperz accept-
ed this invitation, but was informed by a friend of Jao (*)
Urimotr Rajah, that the king intended to murder him, on
which he sent an excuse on pretence of indisposition. Credit
was now given to an advice sent by a Persian woman to
Duarte Frernanvez, after she had been prevented by SuquErra
from coming on board in the night.

Another contrivance was put in practice to destroy Loprz
and his ships, by offering a lading of spice, and pretending
that it was requisite to send for it to three several places.
This succeeded in part, as, while thirty men were sent on
shore according to agreement, a fleet of small vessels was
secretly prepared under cover of a point of land, ready to
assault the ships, while the thirty men were to be murdered in

(?) Bandahara.

(2) This name is also still represented.

(?) This is probably for “ Jawa,” Urimttr Raja being Chief of
the Javanese, who were said to number 5,000 to 6,000 in Malacca

- at that time.

L222 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

the town. At this time likewise a son of Utimut1 Rajah
came on board under pretence of a visit to Lopgz, and finding
him engaged at draughts, requested him to continue his game,
that he might have the better opportunity of assassinating him ~
unobserved ; and in fact he frequently put his hand to his
dagger for the purpose, but waited till the other branches of
the intended treachery should begin. At this time, a seaman
on one of the tops, who was on the look-out, seeing a throng
in the town and hearing a considerable noise, called out
‘Treachery! treachery! they kill our men!’ Lopnz instantly
threw away the draught-board, calling out ‘ Arms,’ and the
son of Urimuti, perceiving the treacherous designs discov-
ered, leapt into his boat with his attendants in great conster-
nation. The fleet of boats now came round the point and
attacked the Portuguese, who exerted themselves as well as
possible in their defence, considering the suddenness of the
attack; and sinking many of the enemy’s boats, forced the
rest to retire.

Not having a sufficient force to take vengeance for this
treachery, Lovez was under the necessity of quitting Malacca,
where he left sixty of his men in slavery, who were made pri-
soners on shore, and having eight slain. On his way back he
took two Moorish ships bound for Malacca; and having
arrived at Cape Comorin, he sent on TrEIxEyra and Souza
with their ships to Cochin, resolving, though ill-provided, to
return alone to Portugal, being afraid of A1.BuquERQUE, as he
had sided with Atmrypa in the late disputes respecting the
Government of India. He reached the island of Tercera with
much difficulty, and from thence proceeded to Lisbon.

We now come to ALBUQUERQUE, who had sailed from Por-
tugal under Armuypa. But having been very successful in
all the sieges and battles he had undertaken, and being of a
bold and enterprising spirit, he assumed the Government of
India in opposition (1)to Aimrypa. Having been informed
of the fate of SrquErra’s expedition, he resolved to go and

(+) As he had proper credentials from the king, the expression is
odd. ALMEYDA certainly opposed him. —

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 13:

attack Malacca in person. On the 2nd of May, 1511, Anbu-
QUERQUE sailed from Cochin on his expedition against
Malacea, with 19 ships (') and 1,400 soldiers, 800 of whom
were Portuguese and 600 Malabars. While off the island of
Ceylon, he fell in with and captured five vessels belonging to
the Moors, which were bound for Malacca. On arriving at
the island of Sumatra, the kings of Pedir and Pisang (?) sent
friendly messages to ALBUQUERQUE, on which occasion JUAN
pg ViEGas, one of the men left behind by SequriRa, was _re-
stored to freedom, he and others having made their escape
from Malacca. (*)

On the Ist of July 1511, the Portuguese fleet cast anchor
in the roads of Malacca, infusing terror and dismay among
multitudes that covered the whole shore, by the clangour of
their warlike instruments, and the noise of repeated discharges
of cannon, being sensible of their guilty conduct to SEquerra,
and conscious that the present armament was designed for
their condign punishment. Next day a Moor came off in
great state with a message from the king, and was received
with much courtesy and ceremonious pomp by ALBUQUERQUE,
to whom he said that if he came for trade, the king was ready
to supply whatever merchandise he wanted. ALBUQUERQUE
made answer that the merchandise he sought for was the resti-
tution of the Portuguese who had been left there by SEQUEIRA,
and when they were restored, he should then say what further
demands he had to make from the king. On his return to the
city, the Moor spread universal consternation by this answer,
and it was agreed to endeavour to avert the threatened danger,
by restoring the Portuguese, and by paying a large sum of
money. But Prince Ata’ Hop1n, the son of the king of Pahang,
opposed this, and made ready for defence. Upon this Atsv-

(‘) The Commentaries of ALBUQUERQUE state 18 vessels, 3 of
which were galleys.

(2) Probably ‘“ Pasei,” being intended for “ Pacem.”

(*) He and eight others were found at Pidir by ALBUQUERQUE on
his way to Malacca.

124 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

QUERQUE began some military operations, (') and the king re-
stored the captives. After this some further negociations en-
sued, as the king was desirous of peace, which ALBUQUERQUE
offered to agree to, on condition of having permission to build
a fortress at Malacca, and that the king should repay the
entire charge incurred by SEQUEIRA and the present armament,
all the damage having been occasioned by his own treachery
and falsehood ; but he demanded to have an immediate answer,
whether the king chose peace or war. The king was willing
to have submitted to the terms demanded by the Portuguese
viceroy, but his son and the king of Pahang opposed him, and
it was at length determined to stand on their defence.

On the 24th of July, being the eve of St. James the Apos-
tle, everything being disposed in order for attack, the signal
was given for landing by the discharge of artillery, and im-
mediately the Portuguese leapt on shore and charged the ene-
my with loud shouts. The hottest of the battle was about
gaining and defending the bridge, which enterprise ALBUQUER-
QUE undertook in person, and where the enemy, after a vigo-
rous defence, in which great numbers of them were slain, were
forced to leap into the river, where many of them were drown-
ed. The prince and the king of Pahang bravely opposed
another party of the Portuguese who endeavoured to force
their way to the bridge to join the viceroy, and at the same
time king Maumup came out ona large elephant, attended
by two others having castles on their backs, whence numbers
of darts were launched against the Portuguese. But the ele-
phants, being soon severely wounded, turned and fled through
among their own men, trampling many of them to death, and
making way for the Portuguese to join those who had
possession of the bridge. At this place ALBUQUERQUE forti-
fied himself, and as considerable harm was done to his men by
poisoned arrows discharged from the tops of the adjoining
houses, he caused them to be set on fire. After bestowing
great praises on his captains for their courageous behaviour,

(1) z.e. He burnt some houses on the shore, and ships belonging
to the Guzaratis and other traders.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 125

and perceiving that his people began to grow faint by long

exertions, excessive heat, and want of fod) he withdrew tO
the ships towards night. Ten of the Portuguese died in con-
sequence of their wounds from the poisone! arrows. The loss
of the enemy was not known. The king of Pahang withdrew
to his own country, under pretence of bringing a reintforce-
ment, but never returned.

While ALtsvqueraveE rested and refreshed his men on board,
Msiumup was busily employed in making every possible pre-
paration for defending the city. For this purpose he under-
mined the streets in several places, in hopes to blow up the
assailants, strewed poisoned thorns (1 ) im the way, covering
them over to prevent their being observed. He likewise for-
tified the bridge, and planted cannon in many places. Asa
prelude to the second assault, ALBUQUERQUE sent ANTONIO DE
ABREU, in a vessel well manned, to gain possession of the
bridge. On his way thither he had to pass through showers of
bullets from both sides of the river and from the battlements
of the bridge, and though desperately wounded, (7) refused
to be brought off, when Diniz FERNANDEZ Mexo, who came
up to his rescue, proposed sending him to the ships to have his
wounds dressed, saying that, ‘though he neither had strength
to fight nor voice to command,” he would not quit his post
while life remained. Floats of fire were sent down the
river to burn the vessel, (*) but at length ALBUQUERQUE in per-
son gained possession of the bridge, and the vessel, being freed
from the fire-rafts, had liberty to act against the enemy.
Having rested his men a short time on the bridge, ALBUQUER-
QUE penetrated the city, through-showers of bullets, darts,

(*) No doubt ranjau, caltrops made of bamboo.

(?) In the jaw.

(3) A big junk brought down to overtop the bridge: but she had
to wait nine days until the tide was high enough to carry her over
the sandy spit outside the river mouth, and while she was in this
position ‘the fire-boats were despatched against her night after
night with the ebb-tide, but ALBUQUERQUE was on the watch and
kept them off.

125 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

and arrows; and having been apprised of the mines in the
principal street, he took another way and gained the mosque.
At night, after a prodigious slaughter of the enemy, he gained
entire. possession of the city, having only with him in this
action 800 Portuguese and 200 Malabars. At the end of
nine days, every oue of the Mcors who inhabited this great
city were either slain or driven out, and it was repeopled with
strangers and some Malays (!) who were permitted to take
possession of the vacant houses. Among those left was Utr-
muTI Rajah, whose son had formerly endeavoured to assassi-
nate SequerxaA. Urimurt was arich and powerful native of
Java, of whom more hereafter will be said. The soldiers
were allowed to plunder the city during three days. There
were found 3,000 pieces of great cannon, out of 8,C00 which
king Maumup had relied upon for the defence of his city, the
rest having been carried off to Bintang, (?) where the king
and Prince Ata’ Eppin had fortified themselves. As it might
have been of dangerous consequence to permit these princes
to establish themselves so near the city of Malacca, ALBUQUER-
ave sent a force to dislodge them, consisting of 400 Portu-
guese, +00 Malays belonging to Urimurt, and 300 men belonging
tothe merchants of Pegu who resided in Malacca. On the
appreach of these troops, the King and Prince took flight,
leaving seveu elephants ‘with all their costly trappings, and the
Portuguese returned to Malacca. Now reduced to wander in
the woods and mountains of the interior, MAnMup so severely
reflected upon the obstinacy of his son end the king of Pahang,
thet he and his son quarrelled and separated, each shifting for
himself.

To secure this important conquest, ALBUQUERQUE built a
fort or cit:del at Malacca, which from its beauty was called

(1) According to the Commentaries, the Peguans were the first
to come in to ATBU QUERQUE, and ask for peace and leave to trade.

(2) This must probably be meant for Bértam, about 8 miles up
the river, where the Commentaries say the King’s son put upa
stockade, which was demolished by a boat expedition sent up
by ALBUQUERQUE.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 127

Hermosa. (t) He likewise built a church, which was dedicated
to the Visitation of Our Lady ; (2) and coined money of diffe-
rent values and denominations, which was ordered to pass
current by proclamation, and some of which he caused to be
scattered among the populace. By these and other prudent
measures he gained the hearts of the people, attracted strang-
ers to settle in Malacca, and secured this important emporium
of trade. Althongh ALBuauERQveE was perfectly conscious of
the deceitful character of Urimurr Rajah, yet, considering it
to be sometimes prudent to trust an enemy ‘under proper pte-
cautions, he gave him authority over all the Moors that
remained at Malacca. It was soon discovered, however, that
Urimovrt carried on a private correspondence with prince Ara’-
Eppin, under pretence of restoring him to the sovereignty of
Malacca, but in reality for the purpose of using his remaining
influence among the people to set himself up. On receiving
authentic information of these underhand practices, ALBU-
QUERQUE caused Urimuri with his son and son-in-law to be
apprehended, and on conviction cf their treason, he ordered
them to be publicly executed on the same scaffold which they
had formerly destined for Sequerra. This was the first pub-
lic exercise of sovereign justice which was attempted by the
Portuguese in India, but was soon followed by others. Pare
QuitiR, (*) another native of Java, whom ALBUQUERQUE ap-
pointed to succeed Urimurti in the government of the Moors
in Malacca, was gaived by the widow of Urimutt, by promise
of her daughter in marriage with a portion of 100,000 ducats,
to revenge the death of her husband on the Portuguese, and
assassinate ALBUQUERQUE. Quz1TIR accepted her offer, mean-
ing to seize the city for himself. About the same time, also,
the King of Campar (+) formed a similar design, for the attain.

(+) The Commentaries say “ A Famosa,” the famous.

(*) “ Nossa Senhora da Annunciada”’.—Commentaries, Albu-
querque.

(*) Pati Kuatir.

(+) In Sumatra, between Siak and Indragiri. The Commentaries
say he came to the Muar river, whence he sent an embassy with

128 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

ment of which purpose he sent a congratulatory embassy to
ALBUQUERQUE, from whom he demanded the office which had
been conferred on Quitir. These plots, having no conse-
quences at this time, shall be further explained in the sequel.

During his residence at Malacca, ALBUQUERQUE received
embassies from several princes, par ticularly from the King of
Siam ; and he sent likewise embassies in return to the Kings
of Siam (1) and Pegu. He sent also two ships to discover the
Molucca islands and Banda, and gave orders to let it be known
in all quarters that Malacca was now under the dominion of
Portugal, and that merchants from every part of India would
be received there on more favourable terms than formerly.
Having now established everything in Malacca to his mind,
ALBUQUERQUE determined upon returning to Cochin, leaving
Ruy pvr Brito Barat (?) to command the fort, with a garri-
son of 300 men. He left at the same time Frrpinanno PEReEz
DE ADURADA, (¢) with 10 ships and 300 soldiers, to protect the
trade, and carried four ships with himself on his return to
Cochin.

Pate Quitir, the native of Java, who had been preferred by
ALBUQUERQUE to the command of the native inhabitants of
Malacca, continued to carry on measures for expelling the
Portuguese, and having strengthened himself secretly, at last
broke out into rebellion. Having slain a Portuguese captain
and several men, and taken some pieces of cannon, he suddenly
fortified the quarter of the city in which he resided, and stood
on his defence with 6,000 men and two elephants. FERpINAN-
po Perezand Atonso Prssoa went against him with 3820 men,
partly by land and partly by water, and, after a long contest,

presents to ALBUQUERQUE, offering himself as a vassal to the king
of Portugal, which was accepted, but nothing is said about this
demand for office.

(1) He sent one to the King of Siam. directly after he took Ma-
lacca, under Duarte FERNANDEZ, with two Chinese merchant
Captains on their way back to China.

(?) CaTatim. —Commentaries, Albuquerque.

(3) DanpraDa. — Commentaries, Albuquerque. Probably correctly
De ANDRADE.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 129

forced him to flee for refuge in the woods, after many of his
men were slain. A considerable quantity of artillery and am-
munition was found in that part of the ground, after being
plundered of much riches. Having received succour from
Java, and from Manmup, the expelled king of Malacca, (')
Quitrr erected another fort in a convenient place at some
distance from the city, where he became’ powerful by sea and
land, being in hopes of usurping the sovereignty of Malacca.
Perez went out against him, but, though he fought as valiantly
as before, he was forced to retreat after losing three captains
and four soldiers.(?) At this time LacsamMawna, an officer be-
longing to Maumvp, entered the river of Malacca with a great
number of men and many cannon on board several vessels.
Perez attacked him with three ships, and a furious battle took
place, which lasted for three hours, with much advantage on
the side of the Portuguese ; but night obliged the combatants
.to desist, and Perez took a position to prevent, as he thought,
the Malayans from escaping out of the river during the dark-
ness. But Lacsamana threw up an intrenchment of such
respectable appearance during the night, that it was thought
too dangerous to attempt an attack, and Prrez retired to the
fort. At this time three ships entered the port from India,
bringing a supply of ammunition and a reinforcement of 150
soldiers ; but Lacsamana had established himself so advantage-
ously that he intercepted all the vessels carrying provisions
for Malacca, which was reduced to such straits that many fell
down in the streets from famine. ‘The same plague attended
Parte Quitir in his quarters. When the season became fit for

———— ee EC

(7) The Commentaries state that Sultan Manmup died of grief
shortly after his arrival in Pahang, whence he despatched an uncle
of his, Tian Nacem Mvpatrar, with an embassy to China to ask for
help in recovering his kingdom ; which was unsuccessful, the emperor
_ having heard of the favourable treatment Chinese traders at Malacca
had received at the hands of ArpuqueRetr. Tian Nacem Mv-

-Datiar died of chagrin on his way back.

(2) The Commentaries state that, after being driven out of his
stockade the first time, he obtained a safe-conduct from ALBUQUER-
QuE, but would not remain in Malacca.

130 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

navigation, PereEz set out with ships anda galley in quest of
provisions. While sailing towards Singapore, the galley dis-
covered a sail, and stuck by it till the fleet came up. It was
found to be laden with provisions and ammunition for Parr
Quitir. Perez brought the captain and other headmen on
board his own ships, where they attempted to slay the Portu-
guese, even PEREZ being stabbed in the back by a kris or dag-
ger. Being foiled in this attempt, most of them leapt into the
sea, but some were taken and put to the rack, who confessed
that there was a son of QuitirR among them, and that they
were followed by three other vessels similarly laden. These were
hkewise captured and carried to Malacca. At the same time
Gomez pE Cununa arrived with his ships with provisions from
Pegu, where he had been to settle a treaty of amity and
commerce with the king of that country. The famine being
thus appeased and the men recovered, PrreEz attacked Pats
Quirir by sea and land ; and having fortunately succeeded in
the capture of his fortified quarters, which were set on fire,
that chieftain was forced to retire to Java, and LacsaMANA, on
seeing this success of the Portuguese, retired with his forces.
This island (Java) is almost 100 leagues in length from
east to west, but is narrow in proportion to its breadth, being
divided by a long range of mountains through its whole length,
like the Apennines of Italy, which prevents intercourse be-
tween the two coasts. It has several ports and good cities, and
its original inhabitants appear to have come from China. (+)
In after times the Moors of Malacca possessed themselves of
the sea-coast, obliging the natives to take shelter in the forests
and mountains of the interior. At this period a Malay chief
named Parr Unus was lord of the city of Japara, (?) who
became afterwards King of Sunda. Indignant that the metro-
polis of the Malayan territories should be possessed by the
enemies of the Mahometan faith, he had been seven years
preparing a powerful armament of ninety sail to attempt the

(7) There was a very early intercourse between Java and China.
(?) Japara was in Java proper, not in Sunda.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. eet

conquest of Malacca, during all which time he kept up a secret
correspondence with the Javan Malays who inhabited that
city. Several of his ships were equal in size to the largest
Portuguese galleons, and the one destined for himself was
larger than any ships then built by the Huropeans. Having
completed his preparations, he embarked with 12,000 men
-and a formidable train of artillery, and appeared suddenly
before the city. Frrpinanpo PEREZ immediately embarked
with 350 Portuguese and some native troops in seventeen ves-
sels, and attacked the Javan fleet, with which he had an
obstinate engagement, doing considerable damage to the
enemy, but night parted the combatants. Next morning
Patt Unwts endeavoured to get into the river Muar with
his fleet, but Perez pursued him, and penetrating into the
midst of the enemy, plied his cannon and fireworks with such
success that many of the Javan ships were sunk or set on fire.
After a furious battle of some endurance, UNnvs fled, and was
pursued all the way to Java, where he preserved his own vast
vessel as a memorial of his escape and of the grandeur of his
fleet, and not without reason, as a merchant of Malacca
engaged to purchase it of Prrez for 10,000 ducats if taken.
This victory cost the Portuguese some blood, as several were
slain, and few escaped without wounds. [rom this time for-
wards, the natives of Java were for ever banished from
Malacca. |

Soon after this brilliant victory, FerptInanpo Perez sailed
from Malacca to Cochin with a valuable cargo of spice, accom-
panied by Lopez pe AzrevEpo and ANTONIO DE ABKEU, who
came from the discovery of the Molucca islands with three
ships. After their arrival at Cochin, ANTon10 pe Miranpa
arrived there from Siam, to the great joy of ALBUQUERQUE,
who thus reaped the rich fruits of his care and labour for the
acquisition of Malacca, and the happy return of those whom
he had sent upon other discoveries.

King Maumup had not yet lost all hope of recovering Malac-
ca, to which he now drew near ; and having in vain attempted
to succeed by force, he had recourse to stratagem. For this
purpose he prevailed on a favourite officer named Than Maxr-

132 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

Liz (') to imitate the conduct of Zopirus at Babylon.
Being accordingly mutilated, Tian Maxiuiz fled with some
companions to Malacca, giving out that he had escaped from
the tyrannical cruelty of his sovereign. Ruy pr Briro, who then
commanded in the citadel of Malacca, credited his story, and
reposed so much confidence in his fidelity that he was adunitted
at all times into the fortress. At length, having appointed a
particular day for the execution of his long-concerted enter-
prise, ou which Maumup was to send a party to second his
efforts or to bring him off, he and his accomplices got admit-
tance into the fort as usual, and immediately began to assassi-
nate the Portuguese garrison by means of their daggers, and
had actually slain six before they were able to stand to their
defence. Briro, who happened to be asleep when the alarm
was given, immediately collected his men, and drove the
traitor and his companions from the fort, at the very moment
when a party of armed Malays came up to second their efforts.
The commander of his party, named Tian Catascar, on
learning the miscarriage of Titan Maxiiiz, pretended that he
came to the assistance of Brrro, and by that means was per-
mitted to retire.

Soon after this, PEpro pe Farta arrived at Malacca from
the Straits of Sabam, bringing with him Aspena (7) King of
Campar, who, being no longer able to endure the insolence of
his father-in-law Maumup, came to reside in security under
the protection of the Portuguese in Malacca. This was in
the month of July, 1543, (°) shortly after the arrival of GzorGE
pE ALBuauEeRQue from Goa to command at Malacca. By
instruction from the viceroy, ABDELA was appointed Bendara,
or Governor of the natives, which office had till then been
enjoyed by Ninacueru, who was now displaced on account of
some miscarriage or malversation. NinacnuTu, who was a
Gentoo, so much resented this affront, that he resolved to give
a signal demonstration of his fidelity and concern. He was

(7) Majlis (?).
(2) ABDULLAH.
(3) 1518 (2).

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 133

very rich, and gave orders to dress up a scaffold or funeral pile
in the market-place or bazaar of Malacca, splendidly adorned
with rich silks and cloth of gold, the middle of the pile being
composed of a vast heap of aromatic wood of high price.
The entire street from his dwelling to the pile was strewed
with sweet-scented herbs and flowers, and adorned with rich
hangings, corresponding to the magnificence of the pile.
Havine collected all his friends, and clad himself and family
in splendid attire, he went in solemn procession to the bazaar,
where he mounted the scaffold and made a long harangue, in
which he protested his innocence, and declared that he had
always served the Portuguese with the utmost zeal and fidelity.
Having ordered the pile to be fired, and seeing the whole in
flames, he declared that he would now mount to heaven in
that flame and smoke, and immediately cast himself into the
flaming pile, to the great admiration of all the beholders.

At this time the king of Campar had gone home, intend-
ing to return to assume his office of Bendara, but was hindered
by Maumup and the king of Bintang, who fitted out a fleet
of 70 sail with 2,500 men under the command of the king
of Lingga, and besieged Campar, in the harbour of which
town there were 8 Portuguese vessels and some native
praus, under the command of Grorce Borretto. Observing
this squadron to be somewhat careless, the king of Lingga
fell suddenly with his galley on the ship commanded by
Borretyo, followed by the rest of his fleet; but met with so
warm a reception that his galley was taken, so that he had to
leap overboard, and the rest of the enemy’s fleet was put to
flight. The siege was now raised, and BorreLto conveyed
the king of Campar to Malacca, where he exercised the office
of Bendara with so much judgment and propriety, that in
four months the city was visibly improved, great numbers of
people resorting thither who had formerly fled to Maumup to
avoid the oppressions of Ninacneru. Perceiving the growth
of the city under the wise administration of AnprELA, Maumup
determined to put a stop to this prosperity by means of a
fraud peculiar to a Moor. He gave out secretly, yet so that
it might spread abroad, that his son-in-law had gone over to
the Portuguese at Malacca with his knowledge and consent,

184 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

and that the same thing was done by all those who seemed to
fly there from Bintang, with the design to seize upon the fort
on the first opportunity, and restore it to him who was the
lawful prince. This secret, as intended by Maumup, was at
length divulged at Malacca, where it produced the intended
effect, as the commandant, GrorceE DE ALBUQUERQUE, gave
more credit to this false report than to the honest proceedings
of the Bendara, who was tried and condemned as a traitor,
and had his head cut off on a public scaffold. In consequence
of this event, the city was left almost desolate by the flight of
the native inhabitants, and was afterwards oppressed by famines.

Some time after, we find Malacca was again distressed,
through the misr le of the then Governor, Guorce DE Brito,
and others, which occasioned almost all the native inhabitants
to desert the city in order to avoid oppression. In this situa-
tion, Maumup, the exiled king, sent a considerable force to
attempt recovering his capital, under the command of CErr-
LIGE Rajah (+) hisgeneral. Crriticy intrenched his army, and
so pressed the besieged that the Portuguese would assuredly
have been driven from Malacca, had not Don ALExtus DE
Menezes arrived to assume the Government, with a reinforce-
ment of 8300 men. Muenezzs secured the safety of Malacca by
supplying it with men and ammunition, and appointed ALFonso
Lores pe Costa to the under-government, in place of Brito,
who wasdying. Duanvs (?) DE ‘Muto was left there with a naval
force ; and Duarrr CoELLo was sent with an embassy and pre-
sent to the king of Siam to confirm a treaty of peace and
amity, and to request of him to send a colony of his subjects
to inhabit Malacca, so that the Moors, whom he hated as
much as the Portuguese did, might-be for ever excluded from
that place. All this was agreed to, and, as a testimonial of
his friendship to the Christians, he caused a cross, ornamented
with the arms of Portugal, to be erected in a conspicuous
part of the city of Hudia, (*) where he then resided. Having

(1) Sri ApiKa (?) or Sri LEeta-(? ).
(7) Duarte. .
(3) Ayuthia, the then capital, higher up the river.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 135

thus succeeded in his mission, CozLLo was forced by stress of
weather upon the coast of Pahang, where he was received in a
friendly manner by the king, who voluntarily submitted to be-
come a vassal to the crown of Portugal, and to pay a cup of
gold as an annual tribute. This was done more from hatred
to the king of Bintang than from love to the Portuguese.

- The kingdom of Siam at that time was one of the greatest
in the East, the two other of greater consequence being China
and Bisnagar. The great river Menam runs through the
middle from North to South, having its source in the great
lake of Chiamay, in lat 30° N., andits mouth in lat 13° N., so
that the length of this kingdom is 330 leagues. On the west
it joins Bengal, on the south Malacca, on the north China,
and on the east Cambodia. The territory contains both moun-
tains and plains, and it is inhabited by many different races
of people, some of whom are extremely cruel and _har-
barous, and even feed on human flesh. Among these, the Guei
ornament themselves with figures impressed with hot irons. (1)
Siam abounds in elephants, cattle, and buffaloes. It has many
sea-ports and populous cites, Hudia being the metropolis or
residence of the Court. The Siamese build sumptuous tem-
ples, in which they have images of vast size. They are very
religious, sparing in their diet, much given to divination, and
addicted to the study of astrology. The country is extremely
fertile, and abounds in gold, silver, and other metals. The
memorable services of the subjects are recorded, that they may
be read to the kings.

In the year 1518, the king of Bintang (?) again attacked
Malacca by land, with 1,500 men and many elephants, while
60 vessels blockaded the harbour. The Portuguese garrison
consisted only of 200 men, many of whom were sick, but the
danger cured them of their fevers, and every one ran to repel
the enemy. After a severe encounter of three hours, the

(:) This account of Siam seems to be borrowed direct from
-stanzas 125 and 126 cf the tenth canto of the ZLusiads. Sce Mr.
Satow’s Bibliography of Siam supra p. - Ep.

(?) Bentan.

136 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACGA.

enemy was repulsed with great loss. He continued, however,
before the town for three weeks, and then retired, having lost
330 men, while 18 of the Portuguese were slain. On the
arrival of reinforcements, having been much injured by fre-
quent inroads from the fort of Muar, not far from Malacca,
the Portuguese took that place by assault, killing most of the
garrison, which consisted of 800 Moors, and after securing the
spoil burnt Muar to the ground. There were 300 cannons at
this place, some of which were brass. Nothing more of any
note happened this year, except that Dirco Pacuxrco with
most of his men were lost in two ships, which went in search of
the Island of Gold, which probably is Japan.

In the year 1519, Antonio Correa concluded a treaty of
amity and commerce with the king of Pegu, which was
mutually sworn to between him and the king and ministers,
assisted by the priests of both nations, Catholic and Pagan.
The heathen priest was called the ovand Raum, who, after
the treaty or capitulation was read, made according to their
custom in the golden mine, began to read from a book, and
then taking some yellow paper, a colour dedicated to holy
purposes, and some sweet-smelling leaves impressed with cer-
tain characters, set both on fire; after which, holding the
hands of the minister over the ashes, he pronounced some
words which rendered the oath inviolable. ‘The metropolis of
the kingdom is called Bagou, corruptly called Pegu, which
name is likewise given to ‘the kingdom. It has the Bay of
Bengal on the west, Siam on the east, Malacea on the south,
and Arracan on ihe north. This kingdom is almost 100
leagues in length, and in some places of the same breadth, not
including the conquered provinces. The land is plain, well
watered, and very fertile, producing abundance of provisions
of all kinds, particularly cattle and grain. It has many tem-
ples, with a prodigious multitude of images, and a vast number
of ceremonies.

At this time Grorce ALBUQUERQUE was sent to Suma-
tra, on purpose to restore a king cf Pisang, (1) who had been

(7) Pasei. ALBUQUERQUE, on his way to Malacca, had met him
going to Java, and promised to aid in restoring him to his kingdom.

—

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 137

expelled and fled to the Portuguese for protection and
aid. On his arrival, having secured the co-operation and
assistance of the neighbouring king of Ara, ALBUQUERQUE sent
a message to the usurper desiring him to resign the kingdom
to the lawful prince, who had submitted to the king of Portu-
gal. GurnrAt, (') the usurper, offered to make the same sub-
mission if allowed to retain possession, but this offer was
refused. ALBUQUERQUE then attacked GernrAL in his fort,
which was scaled and the gate broken open; yet the usurper
and thirty men valiantly defended a tower over the gateway,
till GenraL was slain by a musket-shot, on which the others
immediately fled. The Portuguese troops, about 300 in num-
ber, were opposed by 3,000 Moors in the market-place, assisted
by some elephants. Hecror pE SyLverra endeavoured to
strike one of these in the trunk with his lance, which the last
put aside, and laying hold of Sytverra threw him into the air,
yet he had the good fortune to survive. Two other Por-
tuguese soldiers had better success, as one of them killed the
rider and the other wounded the elephant, on which he turned
among his own party, whom he trampled to death without
mercy. The Moors now retired to another post, but with
the aid of the king of Ara (*) they were completely defeated by
the Portuguese, 2,000 of them being slain. In this battle
ALBUQUERQUE received two wounds in his face, and four or
five peisons of note were killed on the side of the Portuguese,
besides a great many wounded. Next day the dispossessed
Prince of Pisang (*) was reinstated with much ceremony, being
made tributary to the King of Portugal, and afort was erected
at his capital, as at other places, to keep him under subjec-
tion.

The island of Sumatra extends in length, from the north-
west to the south-east, for about 220 leagues, by 70 in its
ereatest breadth, and is cut nearly in two equal parts by the
equinoctial line. It is separated from Malacca by a nar-

(+) Jénal (?).
4 Aru.

138 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

row strait, and its most southern point is parted from
Java by one still narrower. Java is about 100 leagues
long by twelve in breadth. To the east of Sumatra is
the great island of Borneo, through which likewise the
equinoctial line passes, leaving two-thirds of the island on
the north side of the line. The maritime parts of Sumatra
are flat, but the interior is full of mountains, pervaded by
many large rivers, and covered by impenetrable woods which
even the rays of the sun are unable to pierce. Owing to these
circumstances Sumatra is very unhealthy, yet is much resorted
to for its rich and valuable productions, and particularly on
account of its abounding in gold('). Besides gold, it produces
white sandal-wood, benzoin, camphor, pepper, ginger, cinna-
mon, abundance of silk, and abounds in fish and cattle. It
has mn one part a spring of petroleum or rock oil, and one of
its mountains is a volcano. The original natives of the island
are Pagans, but the Moors, who came there first as merchants,
have possessed themselves of the island as lords, ever since
the year 1400. Among the island tribes is one called Batas,
who are of most brutal manners, and even feed on human flesh.
The Moors, who dwell on the coast, use several languages,
but chiefly the Malay. Their weapons are poisoned arrows,
like those of the natives of Java, from whom they are descended,
but they likewise use fire-arms.

This island is divided into nine kingdoms, of which Pedir
was once the chief; but now that of Pacem (?) or Pisang is the
most powerful, yet its kings only continue to reign so long
as it pleases the rabble.

At this time Anronio pre Brrto arrived at Pisang from
Acheen, where his brother Grorce pr Brito had been slain by
the Moors, with a great number of men, in a scandalous
attempt to rob the sepulchres of the kings of that country of

(-) Found chiefly in the districts of Limun, Batang Asei, and
Pangkalan Jambi, lying south of Korinchi, about tributaries of the
Jambi river. The gold is found ina yellow and sometimes red-
dish clay near a stratum of white crystals, quartz.

(7) Pasei.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 139

a great quantity of gold they were said to contain. ANTONIO
was now left by ALBuquERQUE in the command of the new fort
of Pisang, with three ships, which were afterwards of great
service against a Moor who infested the coast. On his return
to Malacca, of which he had the command, ALBUQUERQUE pre-
pared to make war upon the king of Bintang. ‘hat island,
about 40 leagues from Malacca, is 40 leagues in circum-
ference, having two strong castles, and its rivers staked to
prevent the access of ships, so that it was considered as almost
impregnable. ALBrQuERQUE went from Malacca with 18 ves-
sels and 600 men, and finding it impossible to get his ships up,
he endeavoured to land his men from boats to attack one of
the forts; but the water being up to their middles, and the
enemy making a brave resistance, they were forced to retire,
after losing twenty men, besides a great number wounded.

In the same year, 1521, Antonio DE Briro sailed for the
Molucca islands. These islands are in the middle of a great
number of others under the equator, about 300 leagues east
from Malacea. ‘There are five principal islands to which the
general name of Moluccas is applied, about 25 leagues distant
from each other, the largest not exceeding six leagues in cir-
eumference. The particular names of these are Ternate, Tidore,
Mousell, (1} Macquein, (?) and Bacham. They are covered
with woods and subject to fogs, and are consequently unheal-
thy. ‘These five islands produce cloves, but no kind of food ;
and the large island of Batochina, (*) which is’ 60 leagues
long, produces food but nocloves. In some of these islands,
particularly Ternate, there are burning mountains. The chief
subsistence of the people is of a kind of meal made from the
bark of certain trees resembling the palm. There are certain
canes that have a liquor in their hollows between the joints,

(7) This may be meant for Misol, in which case it is a mistake,
as that lies further south-east off the west coast of New Guinea,
between it and Ceram; or it may be meant for Morotai, the other
of the Molucea isles, lying north-east of Gilolo.

(2) Makian.

(*) Bachan.

140 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

which is delightful todrink. Though the country abounds in
animals, the natives eat very little flesh, but live chiefly on fish,
which their seas produce inexhaustibly. They are very
warlike and by no means affable, and are most expert both
in running and swimming. Their religion is idolatrous,
but we have no account whatever respecting their origin.
The Moors had possessed themselves of this country not long
before the coming of the Portuguese, asa Mahometan priest
who had come along with the first of the Moorish invaders
was still alive at the arrival of Brito.

The following account of a struggle which the Portuguese
had with the Chinese may not be uninteresting :—

In one of the former years, FerDINANDO PEREZ p—E ANDRADA
had established a trade at Quan-tung, or Canton, on China,
which was so exceedingly profitable that every one was eager
to engage in it. In the present year, 1521, Simon pe An-
DRADA was sent by SEquzEiRA to China with five ships, and cast
anchor in the port of the island of Tamou opposite to Canton,
where his brother had been formerly. The Portuguese am-
bassador to the Emperor of China still remained at. that place,
but set out soon afterwards up a large river, with three vessels
splendidly decorated with Portuguese colours, it being a
received custom that none but those of China should be seen
there, which are gules, a lion rampant. In this manner he
arrived at the foot of a mountain from which that great river
derives its source. This mountainous ridge, called Malexam,
beginning at the bay of Cochin China on the borders of Yunnan
province, runs through the three southern provinces of China,
Quang-se, Quantung,fand Fo-kien, dividing them from the
interior provinces, as Spain is divided from [France by the
Pyrenees. Tuomas Perez, leaving the vessels at this place,
travelled northwards to the city of Nankin, where the king
then was, having spent four months in the journey without
stopping at any place. The emperor, however, thought proper
to appoint his audience at Peking, a city far distant, to which
place PerEz accordingly followed. While on the journey,
Simon DE ANDRADA behaved himself so improperly in the
island of Tamou, that an account of his proceedings was sent |
to court, and Tuomas Prerrz and his companions were con-

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 14]

demned to death as spies. The rigour of his sentence was
mitigated, but the embassy was not received, and PEREz was
sent back as a prisoner to Canton, with orders that the Por-
tuguese should restore Malacca to its native king, who was
a vassal to China; in which case the embassy would be re-
ceived, but otherwise the ambassador and his suite were to be
put to death, and the Portuguese for ever excluded from China
as enemies. Simon DE ANDRADA conducted himself with a
high hand, as if he had been king of Tamou, where he raised
a fort, and set up a gallows to intimidate the people. He
committed violence against the merchants who resorted to
the port, and bought young people of both sexes, giving occa-
sion to thieves to steal them from their parents. ‘These ex-
travagant proceedings lost nothing in their transmisssion to
court, and were the cause of the severe orders respecting
Perez and his followers.

At this time Dreco Catva arrived, with one ship from
Lisbon and several others from Malacca, and in consequence
of this addition to their strength, the Portuguese acted still
more insolently than before, and so exasperated the gover-
nors of the province that they apprehended several of them,
and even contrived to take the last-arrived ship. At the
commencement of hostilities, Duarve CorLto arrived from
Malacca with two ships well manned and armed. The Itao,
or Chinese admiral in these seas, attacked the Portuguese
with fifty ships, and though he did them some damage, he
was so severely handled by the artillery that he was forced to
retire and to remain at some distance, keeping up a strict
blockade. After matters had remained in this state for forty
days, AMBROSE DE Reco arrived with two additional ships
from Malacca, and the Portuguese determined upon forcing
their way through the Chinese fleet. The battle on this occa-
sion was very bloody, but, in consequence of a gale of wind
dispersing the Chinese fleet, the Portuguese were enabled to
get away fromthe island of Tamou. The Itao revenged him-
self upon such of the Portuguese as had fallen into his hands,
and particularly upon THomas Perez and his companions,
who were all slain, and their baggage robbed of the present
intended for the emperor, and of all the commodities which

142 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

Perez had purchased during his residence in China. Such
was the profitableness of the China trade at this time, that
Perrxz, though only an apothecary of mean parentage, had by
this time acquired 2,000 weight of rhubarb, 1,600 pieces of
damask, 400 pieces of other silks, above 100 ounces of gold,
2,000 ounces of silver, 84 pounds of loose musk, above 3,000
purses or coods of that perfume called papos, and a great deal
of other commodities.

Between the years 1522 and 1524 Malacca was much straiten-
ed by the king of Bintang, (') who sent a powerful armament
against it, to oppose which Grorce ALBUQUERQUE sent a
naval force under Don Ssancno Enriquez; but in a violent
storm 70 out of 200 Portuguese were lost. ‘Till now the king
of Pahang had sided with the Portuguese; but seeing the
tide of fortune had turned against them, he too became their
enemy. Ignorant of this change, ALBUQUERQUE sent three
ships to his port for provisions, where two of his captains and
thirty men were killed. The third made his escape, hut was
slain with all his men at Java. Simon Asrevu and his crew
were slain on another occasion, and two vessels sent to pre-
vent provisions from getting into Bintang were lost. At this
time MascarENnuas, who waited in Malacca for the proper sea-
son of sailing to Cochin to assume the government, went
against Bintang with twenty-one ships and 400 Portuguese
soldiers, having likewise 600 Malays commanded by Tian
Manomer and S1nar Rajah. Although the capital of Bintang
was well fortified and defended by 7,000 men, MascarEennas
surmounted every opposition and took the place. Of the
enemy 400 were slain and 2,000 taken prisoners. A vast
booty was made on this occasion, among which were nearly
3800 pieces of cannon; and the Portuguese lost only three
men in this glorious exploit. The king of Bintang died of
grief, and Mascarenuas restored the kingdom to the lawful
heir under vassalage to Portugal, the former king having
been an usurper.

() Bentan.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 143

The island of Sunda is divided on the south from Java by
avery narrow channel. It produces pale gold with abun-
dance of pepper and provision. The natives are numerous
but unwarlike, yet are curious in adorning their arms.
They worship idols, and often sell their children to supply
their necessities. The women are beautiful, those of the
higher ranks being chaste, contrary to what is usual in most
parts of the world. They have convents as in Spain and
Portugal, in which they reside while virgins; and the married
women kill themselves on the death of their husbands. This
would bea good custom to show their duty and affection,
were it not contrary to the law of nature, and therefore a
barbarous error. Enrique SremeE happening to go there,
drawn by the plenty and goodness of its peppers, was well
received by the king Samtam, who offered ground for a fort,
and to pay a yearly tribute of 351 quintals of pepper to purchase
the friendship and support of the Portuguese against the
Moors, by whom he was much infested. But when Fran-
CIsco DE Sa came to build the fort, he met with such opposi-
tion from the Moors that he was obliged to return to Malacca.

We find afterwards that in the year 1571 another attempt
was made by the Moors to wrest Malacca from the power of the
Portuguese. The king of Acheen was one of the Indian
princes who had entered into the grand confederacy against
the Portuguese, and had agreed to lay siege to Malacca, but
did not execute his part of the league till about the middle
of October 1571, when he appeared before Malacca with a
fleet near 100 sail, in which he had 7,000 soldiers, with a
large train of artillery and a vast quantity of ammunition.
Landing on the night of his arrival, he set fire to the town
of Ileer, (1) which was saved from total destruction by a
sudden and violent shower of rain. He next endeavoured to
burn the Portuguese ships in the harbour, but failing in this
and some minor enterprizes, he sat down before the city,
intending to take it by a regular siege, having been disap-
pointed in his expectations of carrying it by a coup de main.

(-) A mistake for “ Bandar Hilir.”

144 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

At this time Malacca was in a miserable condition, excess-
ively poor, having very few men, and these unhealthy and
dispirited, having suffered much by shipwreck, sickness, and
scarcity of provisions; not without deserving these calami-
ties, for Malacca was then the Portuguese Nineveh in India;
I know not if it be so now. In this deplorable situation,
incessantly battered by the enemy, cut off from all supplies of
provisions, Malacca had no adequate means and hardly any
hopes of defence. In this extremity, Tristan Vaz accident-
ally entered the port with a single ship, in which he had been
to Sunda for a cargo of pepper. Being earnestly entreated by
the besieged to assist them, he agreed to do everything in his
power, though it seemed a rash attempt to engage a fleet of
100 sail with only ten vessels, nine of which were almost
rotten and destitute of rigging. Among these he distributed
300 naked and hungry wretches; and though confident in his
own valour, he trusted only in the mercy of God, and caused
all his men to prepare for battle by confession, of which he
set them the example. He sailed from Malacca with this
armament about the end of November 1571, and soon dis-
covered the formidable fleet of the enemy in the river Fermo-
so. (1) Giving the command of his own ship to EManuEt Frr-
RAGRA, ‘T'RistAN Vaz DE VEGA went sword in hand into a
galliot, to encourage his men to behave valiantly by expos-
ing himself to the brunt of battle along with them. On the
signal being given by a furious discharge of cannon, TRIsTAN
instantly boarded the admiral ship of the enemy, making
great havoc in her crew of 200 men, and even carried away
her ensign. FrrpINnaAnDo PEREZ, with only 18 men m a small
vessel, took a galley of the enemy’s. FERDINAND DE Lemos
ran down and sank one of the enemy’s ships. FRANciIsco DE
Sima having taken another, set her on fire, that he might
be at liberty to continue the fight. Hmanurn Ferrracra
sank three vessels, unrigged others, and slew great numbers
of theenemy. In short, every one fought admirably, and the
whole hostile fleet fied, except four galleys and seven small

(+) i.e. Batu Pahat.

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 145

vessels that were burnt or sunk. Seven hundred of the enemy
_ were taken or slain, with the loss only of five men on the side
of the victors. The Portuguese ships waited three days in the
river to see if the enemy would return, and then carried the
joyful news to Malacca, where it could hardly be believed.
The king of Acheen appears to have raised the siege of Ma-
lacca after this naval victory.

Scarcely had India begun to enjoy some respite after the
late troubles, when the queen of Japara sent her general
QuIAFDAMAND to besiege Malacca, with 15,000 chosen natives
of Java, in a fleet of 80 large galleons and above 220 smaller
vessels. Tristan VAz DE VEGA happened to be then at Ma-
lacca, and was chosen by common consent to assume the com-
mand, Francisco Enriquez, the former commandant, being
dead. Tristan Vaz sent immediate notice to Goa of his danger,
on which Monty issued orders to all the neighbouring places
to send succours, and to fit out a fleet for its relief. In
the meantime the Javanese army landed and besieged Malacca.
Vaz sent JuAN Pereyra and Martin Ferreyra with 150 men
to drive the enemy from a fort. After killing 70 of the enemy,
they levelled the work, and brought off seven pieces of can-
non. Prreyra afterwards burnt 30 of their galleons, and de-
stroyed some great engines which they had constructed for
attacking a bastion. Two other officers, in a sortie, burnt
the palisades which the enemy had erected for straitening the
garrison and defending their own quarters. After this,
PrEreEyYRA, going out of the river with the Portuguese vessels,
besieged the besiegers, and at Jor took a large quantity of
provisions that were going to the Javanese army. Upon these
repeated misfortunes, the Javanese embarked in great conster-
nation and withdrew under cover of night, but were pursued by
Prreyra, who cut off many of their vessels in the rear. Al-
most half of this great army perished by the sword or sick-
ness in this siege, which lasted three months.

Hardly was the army of the queen of Japara gone from
Malacca, when the king of Acheen arrived before it with 40
galleys and several ships and smaller vessels, to the number
of 100 in all, with a great trainof artillery. Tristan Vaz
gave orders to JuAN PEREYRA in a galley, BERNARDIN DE SiLva

146 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

ina caravel, and FeRDINAND DE PaLarEsin a ship, having each
40 men, to go out of the harbour on purpose to protect a
convoy of provisions then on its way to Malacca, of which the
city was in great want. The fleet of the enemy immediately
attacked them, and soon battered all three ships to pieces.

Seventy-five of the Portuguese were slain or drowned on this
occasion, forty were made prisoners, and only five saved them-
selves by swimming. Only 150 men now remained in Ma-
lacca, of whom 110 were sick or aged. Being in want both
of men and ammunition, Tristan VAz was under the necessity
of remaining very quiet; but the enemy, fearing he was pre-
paring some stratagem against them, raised the siege in a
panic of terror, when they might easily have carried the city,
after remaining before it from the beginning to the end of
January 1575. The priests, women and children of the dis-
tressed city had implored the mercy of God with sighs and
tears ; and, next to God, the city owed its safety to the courage
of Tristan Vaz, and to his generosity likewise, as he spent
above 20,000 ducats in its defence.

After this period, we find that the power of the Portuguese
in India began to decline, and that of the Hollanders to rise.
It may be interesting to know that, according to Dre Farta, (*)
the historian before us, it was in the year 1597 that the
Dutch first ventured to India. We give his own words :

“In May 1597, Don Francisco pz Gama, Count of Vidu-
gueyra, grandson to the discoverer, arrived at Goa as viceroy of
India, but carried himself with so much haughty state that
he gained the dislike of all men. During his government
the scourge of the pride and covetousness of the Portu-
guese came first into India, as in the month of September
news was brought to Goa that the two first ships of the Hol-
landers that had ventured to navigate the Indian seas had
been in the port of Titangone, and were bound for the
island of Sunda. Ina grand council held upon this important
event, it was ordered to fit out a squadron of two galleons,
three galleys, and nine other vessels to attack the intruders,

(1) Farta y Souza, Author of “ Asia Portuguesa.”

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 147

and the command was given on this occasion to LorENzo DE
Brito, an ancient andexperienced officer. The two Holland
ships did some small damage on the coast of Malabar and
other places, and when off Malacca fell in with six ships
bound from that place for India, commanded by Francisco
pe SiznvaA. They immediately engaged, and fought the whole
of the afternoon and part of the night. Next morning the
engagement was renewed, and was repeated for eight suc-
cessive days, till, finding themselves too weak, the Hollanders
drew off and made for the port of Queda, many of their men
being slain and most of the rest wounded. At that place they
quitted the smallest of their ships for want of men, and
the other was afterwards cast away on the coast of Pegu.

In the year 1597 the Hollanders fitted out a squadron
of eight ships at Amsterdam for India, with 800 men and
provisions for three years, under the command of the admiral
JacoB Cornetius vAN Nec. ‘The object of this expedition,
besides hostility to the king of Spain, who at that time
usurped the throne of Portugal, was that they might pur-
chase the spices and other commodities of Asia at a
cheaper rate than they had hitherto been accustomed to
in Portugal. The fleet sailed from Amsterdam on the 13th
of May 1598. On the 24th July they saw the Cape of Good
Hope, where three of the ships were separated in a violent
storm. The other five ships, under the admiral, discovered
the island of Madagascar on the 24th of August, coming to
Cape St. Julian on the 30th of that month. On the 20th of
September they came to the island of Ceme or Cisne, in lat.
21°S., to which they gave the name of Mauritius. Here they
found tortoises of such magnitude that one of them carried
two men on its back, and birds which were so tame as to allow
themselves to be killed with sticks, whence they concluded
that the island was not inhabited. At Banda they joined the
other three ships, and having laden four with spices, they were
sent away to Holland, while the other three went into the
Moluccas. On the 2lst January 1599, they discovered the
Great Java, and touched at the port of Tuban, after which
’ they came to Madura, an island in lat. 2.30°S., on the 27th
of that month. At this place they endeavoured to ransom

148 PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA.

some of their ‘countrymen who had been cast away im their
former ships, and some others who had been made prisoners
for endeavouring to pass false money; but as the natives
demanded too high a ransom they attempted to rescue them
by force ; but two boats full of armed men being sunk in the
attempt, they were forced to comply with the terms demanded.
They settled a trade’at Amboina, and two of the ships opened
a factory at Banda, where they loaded with spice, and return-
ed into Holland on the 20th of April 1600. Those who were
left in the remaining ship at Amboina went to Ternate in the
Moluccas, where they were well received by the king, and
after procuring a lading of cloves returned home.

The Hollanders, becoming powerful at the Molucca is-
lands, and forming an alliance with these islanders, who were
weary of the avarice and tyranny of the Portuguese, expelled
them from Amboina and established themselves at Ternate,
whence the Portuguese had been formerly expelled by the
natives, by the aid of the king of Ternate. The Holland-
ers likewise about 1604 got possession of the fort of Tidore,
whence about 400 Portuguese were permitted to retire by
sea to the Philippine Islands, where they were hospitably
received by Don PEpRo pE Cunua, who commanded there for
the Spaniards. In February 1605, pz Cunua sailed from the
Philippines with 1,000 Spanish and 400 native troops, and
recovered the fort of Ternate, chiefly owing to the bravery of
JOAN RopRiIcuES CamALo, who commanded a company of Por-
tuguese in this expedition. Dr Cunua thence proceeded for
Tidore, which he likewise reduced, by which conquest the
Molucca islands became subject to Spain.

About this time a large English ship and a ketch had an
engagement with two Portuguese ships beyond the Cape of Good
Hope, which escaped after suffering a severe loss. These Eng-
lish ships went afterwards to Surat, where they were found by
Nunus De Cunna, who had four well-manned galleons, but ill
provided with gunners, who were ignorant and cowardly. On
descrying these large ships, though the English had reason to
be afraid of their number, they undervalued them as heavy
sailors, and immediately engaged and fought them till even-
ing, killing 30 of the Portuguese. The engagement recom-

PORTUGUESE HISTORY OF MALACCA. 149

menced at daylight next morning, and two of the Portuguese
galleons, endeavouring to run on board the large English
ship, got aground, on which the pink or ketch, belonging
to the enemy, kept firing its cannon upon one of the ground-
ed galleons, till it floated off with the evening tide. The
other two galleons fought the large English ship all day.
On the third day, all the four galleons being afloat, en-
deavoured to board the enemy, who relied on their
cannon and swiftness, and sailed away to Castelete, a bay of
the pirates near Diu. De Cunua followed them thither, and
again fought them for two days, in all which time the Portu-
-guese ships could never board them by reason of their unwield-
ly bulk. At length the English stood away, shewing black
colours in token that their captain was slain. In these long
indecisive actions the English and Portuguese both lost a num-
ber of men. The English made for Surat, followed still by
De Cunua, on which they left that port, and De Cunna re-
turned to Goa.” How reversed is the order of things now!

7 ; ie

ye

OCCASIONAL NOTES.

OSE

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

‘‘ Notes on the Sultanate of Siak’’ by H. A. Hymans van
Anrotj.—Under this title a most interesting treatise on Siak has
recently appeared. The writer has been living for years in
the Dutch Residency, East Coast of Sumatra, and, as an offi-
cial in continual contact with the native population, has had
better opportunities for prosecuting his researches than a pri-
vate individual would have had.

Siak is the largest of the Malay Independent States on the
East Coast of Sumatra. Its relations to the Dutch are in some
degree the same as those of the Malay States of the Peninsula
in respect of the English, although probably its independence is
greater than that of Pérak, Kc.

A few extracts from this very interesting book will, no doubt,
be welcome to the members of the Society.

The Sultan, who is assisted by a minister, the Mangkubumi
(formerly Raja Muda), naturally receives the largest part of
the taxes due to the Goverument ; he has besides the right to
certain prerogatives pertaining exclusively to the Royal Office,
amongst which are the so-called barang larangan or larangan
Va) a

We find similar EEErOne nies in Western monarchies, in a
different shape.

The principal revenues of the Sultan of Siak are :—

1. The taxes on Imports and Exports collected on the
different rivers in his dominions.

2. The tax on the térédik fishery.

3. A tax on strangers passing through his lands.

152 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

4. The monopoly of the sale of opium and salt, and
the excise farms generally.

Dd. Statute labour.

“. A tenth on produce.

7. Money levies on his subjects whenever required.

8. The serah-an* trade in some parts of Siak proper,
particularly in the Western dependencies.

The first four of the above-named taxes have been taken
over, in consideration of a yearly fixed sum, by the Dutch
Gov ernment, who also dispute the right of the Sultan to the
serah-an trade in the dependencies.

The Sultan claims further the right to purchase at four-fifths
or even at three-fourths of its value all the bees’ wax collected in
Siak ; he may also sell to third persons the right to open settle-
ments and collect produce, &c., on rivers not yet occupied ; he
may sell licenses for the felling and cutting of wood ; and may
give out lands for the laying out of plantations, &c.

It is, however, always understood that any rights possessed
by native occupants to grounds so disposed of by the Sultan
are properly settled for by him.

The above-mentioned barang larangan or larangan raja are
such articles as are considered to be the exclusive property
of the Sultan. Whoever collects or becomes possessed of such
articles within Siak limits, is bound to give them up to the
Sultan. Though not without value, they must be considered
curiosa rather than preciosa, and as such are to be taken
less as a source of revenue thanas a perquisite of royalty.
They are :—Gading (ivory), sumbok badak (rhinoceros horn),
guliga (bezoar), gaharu merupa, chula tupei, jaring napoh
and musang chabu, and, to a certain degree, camphor. (This
latter article is however treated somewhat differently, as will
be shown further on.)

Of every male elephant, killed or found dead in the jungle,
one of the tusks is to be given to the Sultan, the second
remaining the property of the finder. Should the Sultan wish

* The “ serah-an” trade is a monopoly for the sole right of the

sale of salt and iron (particularly tools like parangs, &c.).—F. K.

ee -

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 153

to have the second tusk too, he must pay the usual market
price for it. |

The finder or hunter gets in exchange for the first tusk a
set of new clothing (per-salin-an).

Ivory sells in Siak at different prices, according to the
different size of the tusks. If the pair weighs above one
pikul, the price is $250 per pikul; where the weight is
about half a pikul for both tusks the price is $150 for the
pair; smaller tusks fetch $1 per katz.

Every rhinoceros’ horn found is considered the property of
the Sultan. ‘The finder gets for it a per-salin-an. This article
isin great request by the natives as medicine, and is said
by them to be particularly efficacious in wounds and snake-
bites.

Its value is on the average from $20 to $60.

A great rarity is a white horn, for which Chinese will pay
as much as $100.

The general opinion is that the difference between the
rhinoceros of Java and that of Sumatra consists in the former
having two horns and the latter one only. I am, however,
informed on good authority that rhinoceroses with two horns
are sometimes, though rarely, met with in Siak.

Guliga,* or Bezoar stone, is a stone found in the intestines
of certain animals—bears, monkeys, serpents, porcupines and
others.

The guliga in Siak, which is considered to belong to the
larangan roja is an intestinal stone found in a kind of
porcupine living principally in the upper reaches of the Man-
dau. The Sakeis living in this region are the only persons
who collect these stones, which they deliver to the Sultan
partly as a revenue, partly as barang larangan.

By right, all the gudigas found by them are the Sultan’s,
the greater ‘number, however, are clandestinely sold to Malay
and Chinese traders.

According to their size, they are worth from $40 to $600 a
piece.

* See “On the Guliga of Borneo” in No, 4 of this Journal
56-58,——-F’. kK.

154 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

Their value, however, does not merely rise with their weight,
but, as in the case of precious stones, rises out of all proportion
with the mere increase in weight. A guliga weighing 1
ringgit (8 mayam ) costs $600, whereas one of the weight of 3
mayam will only be worth $100.

For guligas, particularly large ones, extraordinary prices
are sometimes paid. The Sultan of Siak possesses one said to
be valued at $900.

Natives maintain that they are an almost infallible medicine
in cases of chest or bowel complaints, but their principal
value is founded on their reputed virtue as a powerful aphro-
disiac. ‘To operate in this way, one is worn on the navel tied
up in a piece of cloth, or water in which one has been soaked
is drunk.

The gaharu merupa is a piece of strangely formed
gaharu wood having a rough resemblance to some living crea-
ture, be it a bird, a dog, a cat or something else.

The writer of these lnes has never been able to see one
of these gaharu merupa, and it would seem that none have
been found in Siak in recent times.

The power which it is believed to possess rests on the sup-
position that it is the spirit of the fayu gaharu. With itin
hand, the holder is sure to make large finds of gdharu wood in
the jungle.

The gaharu wocd is not the wood of a tree named gaharu,
but is the product of a tree of the name of karas. When
this tree has died of old age and has fallen in the jungle, the
wood, by some chemical process, forms into the substance
known as kayu gaharu. Not all dead haras trees, however,
contain gaharu wood, whereas some will yield as much as two
ptkuls. Peculiar qualifications are required before a man can
tell beforehand whether a log will contain any of the treasured
odorific wood. The persons who possess the power of fore-
telling this are called pawang. The same name is used for
people able to find other products. To find, for instance, with
any certainty and quickly, articles like tin or camphor, a
person must be a pawang.

Gaharu wood fetches $0.50 to $1.00 a kati, according to
quality.

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 155

The chula tupei is the dried penis of the tupet, a kind of
squirrel. Malays say that the dead body of the tupei is some-
times found with this organ held fast in a cleft of a cocoa-nut
tree or bamboo.

I must leave it to others, better judges that myself, to say
whether such a thing 1s possible.

Malays believe that the chula tupei is a very strong aphro-
disiac, so strong that even to carry one has an effect.

The faring napoh is the eye-tooth, grown in ring form, of
a napoh, a dwarf deer (in size between the pelanduk (kanchil)
and the kijang), an animal which it appears is only found in
Sumatra and surrounding islands.

The taring 1s worn as a ring, and forms what Malays call a
pélias, namely a protection which renders its bearer invulner-
able. They areveryrare. Another pélias, which however is no
barang larangan, is the semambu * songsang, that is a semambu
which is deformed or presents some peculiarity of growth;
another is buntat tumboh nyiur, part of the kernel of a cocoa-
nut turned to stone.

The musang chabu is a white musang, Which whenever found
is the Sultan’s. It seems, however, to have no further useful

uality than its extreme rarity. It appears to be so rare
indeed that the writer has never found anybody who has seen
one.

The camphor js so far considered as a barang larangan that
nobody is allowed to go and collect it without having a special
permit from the Sultan. This permt is only given after the
Sultan has made sure that a good pawany accompanies the
party, a man who is able to know from the outside of a tree
whether it contains camphor or not.

The gratuity to be given to the pawang is not fixed by law,
but is settled beforehand on every expedition, also the share
of the Sultan.

The regulations which have to be observed when collecting
camphor are most strange, for instance, those who go on the

* Semambu—better rotan semambu—is a rattan commonly known
as Malacca cane.—F. K.

156 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

expedition, are not permitted during the whole time of its
duration to wash or bathe; they have to use a peculiar lan-
guage, which differs from ordimary Malay. Compare what
is known on this point of similar usages amongst the Battaks.

The collectors have to go on through the jungle until the
hantu kepur (the camphor spirit), a female, appears to the
pawang in his dreams and shows him the direction in which
success may be expected.

Certain customs are observed in Siak in the collection of wax
which may be mentioned here.

The sialang (that is, a treeon which bees have made nests)
is generally considered to belong to him who finds it, provided
it stands in a part of the forest belonging to his tribe. Should
the tree stand in a part of the jungle apportioned to another
tribe, the finder is permitted to take for once all the wax
there is on the tree, and ever afterwards during his lifetime
all the wax of one branch of the tree. After his death the
tree again becomes the property of the tribe to whom that
part of the jungle belongs.

When wax is collected from a tree, there are generally three
persons to share in it, and the proceeds are divided as follows : —
viz., one-third to the proprietor of the tree, one-third to the man
who climbs the tree, and one-third to the man who keeps watch
below. These two latter offices are considered rather dangerous ;
the first because he has to climb the towering sialany trees, branch-
less to a considerable height, by means of bamboo pegs driven into
the trunk; and the watch-keeper underneath, because he has
to face the bears and tigers who (so it is said) come after the
wax and honey.

The following trees are generally inhabited by bees (lebah), -
and then become sialungs; near the sea, pulet, kempas, kayu
arah and babi kurus ; whilst further in the interior ringas manuk,
and chempedak ayer are their generally habitats.

Besides the /ebah, there is to be found in Siak another bee,
called neruwan, which does not make its nests on trees, but in
holes.

The regulations observed when taking the wax of the Jebah |
do not apply to the taking of the wax and honey of the neruan.

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 157

Anybody is at liberty to look for them wherever and when-
ever he likes.

F. KEHDING.

THE ALPHABETS OF THE PHILIPPINE GROUP.

Parvo DE Tavera’s Essay on the Alphabets of the Philip-
pines* was thus reviewed in March, 1885, by Professor Mijtuer
of Vienna :—

“ Those of the inhabitants of the Philippines who belong to
the Malay race possess, as is well known, their own particu-
lar alphabet, but it has become more and more obsolete, and
has been superseded by the Roman character brought into
the country by the Spanish missionaries together with the
Christian religion. This alphabet which preserves its princi-
pal characteristics among the different tribes—the Tagalas,
the Ylocos, the Visayas, and the Pampangas—is connected
with the alphabet of cognate races in Celebes (Bugis, Makas-
sar), and Sumatra (Battak, Redjang, Lampong), while both
its external form (the shaping of the characters) and its
internal design (the conception of the proportion of consonant
to vowel) seem to point to India as its place of origin. But
whether the alphabet of the Malay races has been derived
from the Indian in a straight line, or whether it has been de-
duced from it by the intervention of another alphabet and what
Indian alphabet (that is, the alphabet of what province and
of what era) has been the foundation of the Malay ones—
these are questions answered differently by different philologists,
and have therefore at present to be treated as open ones.”

* [t would take us too far afield to go into these topics, but
we venture to direct the attention of those readers who take
a pleasure in following out this paleographically and ethno-
graphically interesting problem, to certain pamphlets in

* Contribucion para el estudio de los antiquos alfabetos Jilipinos,
(1884).

158 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

which he will find abundant information. They are ‘The
Alphabet, an Account of the Origin and Development of
Letters,’ by Isaac Taytor, London, 1883, 2 volumes,
and ‘ Kene bijdrage tot de kennis van’ ande Philippijnsche
letterschrift,’ door H. Kern, the latter essay of the celebrat-
ed professor of Leyden, offers a solid critical exposition of
the whole question, and must be read together with Parpo
DE TAVERA’S essay.”

“The merit of Parpo pre Tavpra’s interesting study consists
in the way in which the author follows out the question, with
special reference to the Philippines, more closely than his
predecessors, and illustrates the question with several ex-
amples from the whole Philippine literature.”

“The plate appended to the essay is of special interest, as
it represents not less than 12 Philippine alphabets. Numbers
11 and 12 are obviously the same alphabet, only executed
with different instrument on different material, No. 11 being
written with a pen on paper, and No. 12 probably cut in wood
with a knife.”

“The Essay is dedicated to Professor B. BuuMEeNrRiTT in Tert-
meritz, who is better acquainted with the Philippines than
any one else in Germany.” [See also a notice of the Alpha-
bets of the Philippine Islands in the Journal of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal, XIV, 603, reprinted in Essays relating to
Indo-China, (Lriibner, 1886), ie 335, and Dr. Rost’s note on p.
117 of that volume.—Eo. ]

The Bulletin de la Société de Geographie Commerciale de
Paris, (Tome VIII-1885-1886, 4th Fascicule) contains an
article on the Singapore Prison. (‘‘ Le Nouvel Etablisse-
ment Penitentiaire de Singapore” par M. Cuartes Lemirg.)

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 159
Geet: LO VLA LUBRARY.

Professor J. Kouier of Wurzburg (Germany) has been
good enough to present the Society with a copy of the follow-
ing papers :—“ Zur Ethnologischen Jurisprudenz ’’ and “ Die
Ehe mit und ohne Mundium,” from the Zeitschrift fur Ver-
gleichende Rechtswissenschaft; and “ Das Handels-und See-
recht von Celebes,” from the Zeitschrift fir Handelsrecht.

A new map of British North Borneo has been received from
His Excellency Governor Treacuer.

The Society has also received the following books and
pamphlets in addition to the usual exchanges :—

Arabic Dictionary—BapcEer. (Presented by the Secretary
of State for India in Council.)

Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases—Yute and
Burnett. (Presented by the Secretary of State for India in
Council.)

Quelques Notes sur Sarawak (Borneo)—E. Corrravu.

Catalogue of the Library, Royal Colonial Institute.

A Search for the First Man—C. C. Carretu.

Nederlandsch-Indische Plakaatboek—J. A. van per Cuuss.

Ancient and Modern Methods of Arrow-release—E.S. Morse.

Grammar and Vocabulary of the Motu Tribe (New Guinea) —
Revd. W. G. Lawes.

The ‘Sacred’ Kurral of Tiruvalluva-Nayanir—Revd.
ewe Porn, M.A., D.D.

CorpiER, HENRI :—

Le Con flit entre la France et la Chine.

Essai d’une Bibliographie des Ceuvrages publiés en
Chine par les Européens.

Le Consulat de France 4 Hué sous la Restauration.

Hamy, Dr. E. T. :—

Notice sur les Penongs Piaks.

Materiaux pour |’Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de
? Homme.

Rapport. Le Developement et Etat Actuel des Col-
lections Ethnographiques.

Etude sur les Peintures Ethniques.

160 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

Quelques Observations sur la Distribution Geogra-
phique.

Memoires pour servir a |’Histoire des Découvertes
Geographiques et Ethnographiques en Oceanie.
Association Francaise pour lAvancement des

Sciences—Congrés de Rouen.
Cook et Dalrymple.
Rapport sur le Concours du Prix Legerot.
Association Scientifique de France—Les Tolteques.
Les Alfourous de Gilolo.
Decades American, Memoires d’Archeologie et
d’ Ethnographie Americanes.
Notes d’Anthropologie Paleontologique.
Les Négres de la Valée du Nil.
Commentaire sur un Bas-relief Aztéque, &e.
Note sur une Inscription Chronographique.

To the donors of the above the thanks of the Society are
presented. The receipt of Journals of learned Societies and
other periodical literature up to the end of 1886 will be
acknowledged in a list which will be published with the next
number of this Journal.

Ei SPEC U.S.

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sudan dlotes and Queries,

CONDUCTED) BY

Peetein ©. TEMPLE. FR, G: S., etc.,

Joint Epiror oF THE “Inpran AntTIQUARY,” MEMBER OF THE
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Annual Subscription, ... Rs.8 | Single Numbers, ... Re. 1 each.
Publishers.—The “ Pioneer”’ Press, Allahabad, N. W. Provinces, India.
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Tue great and unexpected success of Panjab Notes and
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phy, antiquities, history, flora, fauna, and products
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languages, religions, castes, customs, trades, and
occupations.

(2). Also similar notes and queries bearing on any branch
whatever of practical administration or trade.

{3). Any scrap, however trivial or familiar to the writer,
and it may be to the editors; as no facts, connect-
ed with the country or the people, can be foo
trivial or too familiar to be worth recording.
What is a mere common-place to the Anglo-Indian
is often a new revelation to the European scholar ;
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of the country a custom known to be current in
one part does or does not prevail; and minute
local variations of customs constitute valuable
material.

(4). Any scrap from any trustworthy printed source, or
from any observer, however slender his attainments,
and however humble his sphere in life.

(5). But under no circumstances any contribution which
can be interpreted as in any way criticising the

principles followed, the measures adopted, or the
rules of procedure laid down by Government.

(6). It is to be hoped that all notes, articles, and answers
to questions will be signed by the writers, as it is
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statement is made. But signature will not be
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In order to ensure that the many peoples and languages of
India and the East shall be adequately represented in the
pages of Indian Notes and Queries, several highly qualified
gentlemen have kindly agreed to co-operate in editing it, and
the conductor hopes before long to add considerably to the
list of coadjutors.

The chief object of the paper being to collect systematically
information about the country and the people, and to place
that information within easy reach of all who study the sub-
jects within its scope, suitable quotations from difficult sources
are as valuable as otherwise original information. These will
accordingly be freely received on the same footing as original
notes, and opportunity be thus afforded to many persons of
making good use of the fruits of their researches. Lvery
provincial library in the East contains good old books about
India, and every ‘local official librar y has on its shelves scores
of reports and documents full of valuable information which,
though printed and circulated by Government can hardly be
said to have been “ published.”

The list of subjects treated is very wide, and it is hoped
will be found to embrace all those which are necessary to a
proper understanding of the many countries and populations
contained in India.

List of Subjects.

RELIGION. History. ADMINISTRATION.
SociaL Customs. ANTIQUITIES. Natura. History.
FoLKLoRE. NUMISMATICS. Borany.

Tribes AND Castes. | BisLioGRarHy. MiIscELLANEA.
LANGUAGE. | Music. Sones & CaTcHEs.
GEOGRAPHY. Arts anD INnpvws- PROVERBS AND

TRIES. SAYINGS.

The Proprietor would, in conclusion, specially draw atten-
tion to the fact that Jndian Notes and Queries makes no
attempt to compete with any existing publication. It merely
endeavours to fill a void, and to supply imformation that is
much needed by many.

PROSPECTUS:

—

— Sndian Hotes and Oueries,

CONDE CEED) BY

een ©. TEMPLE, F.R.G.’S., etc.,

JOINT HDITOR OF THE “INDIAN ANTIQUARY,” MEMBER OF THE
Councit, Roran Astatic snp FonKiore Socierizs, ETC.

Annual Subscription, ... Rs.8 | Single Numbers, ... Re. 1 eaeh,

Publishers.—The “ Pioneer” Press, Allahabad, N. W. Provinces, India.

Agents in London.—Messrs. TRUBNER & Co., 57, Ludgate Hill, Lon ion.

Tue great and unexpected success of Panjab Notes and
@jueries has encouraged the Proprietor, at the commencement
of the Fourth Volume, to extend its sphere of usefulness to all
India, including the countries connected therewith, by chang-
ang the title to InprAn Nores & Querizs. The Periodical
will be conducted on precisely the same lines as before, and
there wiil be no change except in the title, the former one

_ having been found to be too restricted. Its objects will be as
© heretofore :— 3

{1). To collect systematically scraps of information
revarding the country andthe people, which are
e otherwise likely to be lost as too trivial for the
és more serious journals, or to be worked up into set
articles.

.

(2). To be a medium-of inter-communication within its
scope for officials and literary men in India and
the Kast.

(3). To gather together those minute details which are
so necessary for the building up of useful generali-
sations on the structure of society in modern
India, and for the proper explanation of the
existence and forms of modern institutions, cus-
toms, and beliefs.

The methods will be to admit :—

(1). Notes and short articles, questions, and answers to
those questions, on all points connected with the
physical geography, ancient and modern topogra-
phy, antiquities, history, flora, fauna, and products
of India; with its people, their history, distribution,
languages, religions, castes, customs, trades, and
occupations.

(2). Also similar notes and queries bearing on any branch
whatever of practical administration or trade.

(3). Any scrap, however trivial or familiar to the writer,
and it may be to the editors; as no facts, connect-
ed with the country or the people, can be too
trivial or ¢oo familiar to be worth recording.
What is a mere common-place to the Anglo-Indian
is often a new revelation to the European scholar ;
it is most important to discover in what other parts
of the country a custom known to be current in
one part does or does not prevail; and minute
local variations of customs constitute valuable
material.

(4). Any scrap from any trustworthy printed source, or
from any observer, however slender his attainments,
and however humble his sphere in life.

(5). But under no circumstances any contribution which _
can be interpreted as in any way criticising the

principles followed, the measures adopted, or the
rules of procedure laid down by Government.

(6). It is to be hoped that all notes, articles, and answers
to questions will be signed by the writers, as it is
most useful to know the authority upon which a
statement is made. But signature will not be
insisted on, and queries will, of course, be usually
anonymous.

In order to ensure that the many peoples and languages of
India and the East shall be adequately represented in the
pages of Indian Notes and Queries, several highly qualified
gentlemen have kindly agreed to co-operate in editing it, and
the conductor hopes before long to add considerably to the
list of coadjutors.

The chief object of the paper being to collect systematically
information about the country and the people, and to place
that information within easy reach of all who study the sub-
jects within its scope, suitable quotations from difficult sources
are as valuable as otherwise original information. These will
accordingly be freely received on the same footing as original
notes, and opportunity be thus afforded to many persons ot
making good use of the fruits of their researches. Every
provincial library in the East contains good old books about
India, and every local official library has on its shelves scores
of reports and documents full of valuable information which,
though printed and circulated by Government can hardly be
said to have been “ published.”

The list of subjects treated is very wide, and it is hoped
will be found to embrace all those which are necessary to a
proper understanding of the many countries and populations
contained in India.

List of Subjects.

RELIGION. History. ADMINISTRATION.
Sociat Customs. ANTIQUITIES. Natura. History.
FOLKLORE. NuMISMATICS. Borany.

TRIBES AND Castes. | BIBLioGRAPHY. MIscELLANEA.
LANGUAGE. Music. Sones & CaTcHEs.
GEOGRAPHY. Arts AND INbUs- PROVERBS AND

| TRIES. SAYINGS.

The Proprietor would, in conclusion, specially draw atten-
tion to the fact that can Notes nie Queries makes no
attempt to compete with any existing publication. It merely
e endeavours to fill a void, and to supply information that 1s

nuch needed by many.

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POURNAL
PEeTRAITS BRANCH
” | OF THE

OYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY

DECEMBER, 1886.

—$<———

SIN GAPORE:

TRUBNER ¢
Binve. ernie & Cin.
. Korirnen’s Ayirevantum,

Maes 193952.

4tonal Myseutt«

[No. 18.1
BIOURNAL

ee KALIS BRANCH

Oe” 4 ELE:

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY,

DECEMBER, 1886.

PeohlsHeED HALF-YEARLY.

SINGAPORE:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1887.

AGENTS OF THE SOCIETY:

London and America, ... Trisner & Co.
Paris, ... Ernest Leroux & Cre.

Germany, ... K. F. Kowutnr’s Anriqguarium, Leipzig.

THE
SALES BRANCH

OF THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

PATRON:
His Excellency Sir FREDERICK ALOYSIUS WELD, G.C.MLG.

COUNCIL FOR 1887.

The Hon’ble J. F. Dickson, c.m.c., President.
W. A. Picxerine, Esquire, c.M.a., Vice-President, Singapore.
D. Logan, Esquire, Vice-President, Penang.
The Hon’ble W. E. Maxwe tt, —s)

Honorary Secretaries.
H. T. Haveuton, Esquire, J
Epwin Koex, Esquire, Honorary Treasurer.
The Hon’ble A. M. Sxryver, \
R. W. Huurert, Esquire,
A. Knieut, Esquire, \ Councillors.

J. Mirek, Esquire,

H. L. Noronua, Esquire, /

V1

bls? OF} WE MeB a hes

TOR
rio 7 4
|
Nos. Names. | Addresses.
|
GaN Ni, |
1| ABRanamson, KH. E. | North Borneo.
2| ADAMsSon, W. _ London.
3} ARMsTRONG, A. | Malacea.
4) Ayre, A. F, Singapore.
5| BAMPFYLDE, C. A. _ Sarawak.
6, BaumGarren, C. Singapore.
7) Bexsron, Capt. R. D. North Borneo.
S| Bernarp, F. G. | Singapore.
Y| Broknein, W. A. | Singapore.
10, Breer, Dr. E. ' Europe.
i BiG Galera iat O: Penang.
EZ), lenaeotse, Jf, I. Kurcpe.
13) Buanp, RB. N. Penang.
14) Bonsrr, Hon. J. W. Singapore.
15} Branpt, D. | Singapore.
16} Brown, L. C. | Hurope.
17| Bucxury, C. B. _ Singapore.
18} Burpipes, W. _ Malacca.
19} Burkinsnaw, Ilon. J. Singapore.
20| Canriey, N. | Singapore.
21) Cavenacu, General Sir Orrevr | London.
22) Cerruti, G. B. Singapore.
23| Cuirrorp, H. C. Perak.
24) Copter, Grorcr Singapore.
25| Creaau, C. V. | Pérak.
<6] Croix, J. E. pu ta | Paris.

Vii

MEMBERS FoR 1887,—Continued.

Nos. Names.

27| Currisz, A.

28} Datmann, C. B.

29} Detoncie, Francois

30) Denison, N.

31}; Dennys, Dr. N. B.

32} Dent, ALFRED

33] Dew, A. T.

34, Dickson, Hon. J. F.. c.w.e.
30| DirerHetm, W. H.

36; Downy, St. V. B.

37| Duntop, Colonel 8., c.m.a.

38} Egerton, WALTER
39| Excum, J. B.
40) Everetr, A. H.

41| Favre, Revd. L’Abbé P.
| (Honorary Member)
42; Fereuson, A. M., Jr.

43, GENTLE, A.

44) GILFILLAN, S.

45} Gostine, T. L.

46) Gorriies, F. H.
47; Gorriies, G. S. H.
48) GRAHAM, JAMES
49} Gray, A.

50| Guerirz, E. P.

51] GuLLaNnD, W. G.

52| Hate, A.

53| Haueuton, H. T.

54| Hervey, Hon. D. F. A.
55| Hewerr, Rk. D.

7 5
| Addresses.

nn Se ne eS SE

Singapore.

| Europe.
| JEEVES,

| Perak.

| Province Wellesley.

_ London.

| Singapore.

| Singapore.

Europe.

| Singapore.
Singapore.

Penang.
Malacea.
North Borneo.

Paris.
Colombo.

Singapore.
London.
Singapore.
Europe.
| Penang.
_ London.

Sydney, N.S. W.
Jélébu.

London.

| Pérak.
Singapore.

| Europe.

| Pérak.

Vili

80

MEMBERS For 1887,—Continued.

Names. Addresses.
| Hit, EB. C. Singapore.
Hoss, Right Revd. Bishop G. F.
(Honorary Member) Sarawak.
Hutierr, R. W. | Singapore.

Ipganim BIN ABDULLAH, Inche | Johor.
Irvine, Hon. C. J.. c.M.c. Penang.

Joaquim, J. P. Singapore.
Jouor, H. H. The Sultan of the |
State and Territory of, G.c.M.G.,

@.c.s.1. (Honorary Member) Johor.
Kenpine, F. . Labuan, Deli.
KELLMANN, E. Europe.

Kerr, T. Rawson Johor.
Kyraut, ARTHUR Singapore.
KorEx, Epwin Singapore.
Krom Mun DewawoneseE VaRko-

prakaRr, H. Rk. H. Prince Bangkok.

Kynners ey, C. W.S. _ Penang.
| Lampert, G. R. _ Singapore.
LanGen, Van Kota Raja, Acheen.
Lavauer, H. Singapore.

Lavino, G. Singapore.

Lawes, Revd. W. G. (Honorary

Member) New Guinea.
Leecu, H. W. C. | Pérak.
Lemeribre, EK. T. | Labuan.
Logan, D. Penang.
Low, Sir HuGuH, K.c.M.@. Pérak.

Low, H. Brooxr | Sarawak.

MacPues, Revd. A. S. | Singapore.

ix

MEMBERS FoR 1887,—Continued.

|
Nos.

Names.

}

a |

81

Maxwe tt, R. W. |
82) Maxwe.i, Hon. W. B.,c.mce. |
83} Merepitu, Ven. Archdeacon |
84) MixiunHo-Mactay, Baron
(Honorary Member)

85| Minter, JAMES

86| MoHAaMED SAID

87| Muury, O.

88) Noronua, H. L.
89) Nuy, PIETER

90; O’Sutttivayn, A. W. S. |

+ Paterave, EF. Girrorp (Hono- |
rary Member)

92| Parsons, J. R.

oo) PAun, W. F. B. |

94) Pett, BENNETT |

95} Peruam, Kevd. J. (Honorary |
Member) |

96| Pickrerine, W. A., c.M.a. |

97; Poors, F Rep. |

98; Reap, W.H. M., c.m.a. |

99| Rickert, C. B.

100} Ritter, EH.

101} Ropaer, J. P.

102; Rost, Dr. R. (Honorary Member)

103) Rowe tt, Dr. T. Irvine

104| Sarawak, H. H.-The Raja of |

(Honorary Member) |
105) Satow, E. M., c.m.c. |
106) ScHaatsz, M. |
107| Scott, Dr. Duncan

Addresses.

Penang.
Singapore.
Singapore.

Sydney, N.S. W.

_ Singapore.
Singapore.

Europe.

| Singapore.
| Singapore.

Penang.

eoeereoe

London.
Sarawak.
Singapore.
Singapore.

London.

| Penang.

Kurope.

| Selangor.

London.

| Singapore.

Sarawak.
Bangkok.
Rhio.
Pérak.

MEMBERS FoR 1887,—Continued.

Nos.) Names. Addresses.
108] Serge, V. Europe.
109; SuetForp, Hon. T. Singapore.
110) Skinner, Hon. A. M. Singapore.
111); Surrn, Sir Cecru C., K.c.M.e. Colombo.
112) Sousr, T. | Singapore.
1138) Sourinpro Monun Tacorg, Raja,|

Mus. D. Calcutta.
114, Srrinerr, C. Singapore.
115) Swerrennam, F. A., c.M.a. Europe.
116) Syzp ABUBAKAR BIN OMAR |
AL JUNIED Singapore.
117|Syep MonamMEp sin AHMED
AL SAGOFE | Singapore.
118) Syvrrs, H. C. Sélangor.
|
119) Tatzor, A. P. | Singapore.
12U) Tan Kim Cuine | Singapore.
121| Tentson-Woops, Revd. J. E. |
| (Honorary Member) Rees.
122} THompson, A. B. | Deli.
123) Toxson, G. P. | Acheen.
124) TrEacneR, Hon. W. H. North Borneo.
125; Triipner & Co., Messrs. London.
126) Vermont, Hon. J. M. B. Province Wellesley.
127; Waker, Major R. 8. F. Pérak.
128! Watson, E. A. Johor.
129) WHampoa, Ho Aun Yir Singapore.
130) WueEatteEy, J. J. L. Johor.
181; Wray, L. Pérak.
182} Wray, L., Jr. | Pérak.
1383 Yuux, Colonel, c. B. (Honorary

Member) ‘London.

XI

PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
OF THE
SLRAITS BRANCH

OF THE

mevAe ASIATIC SOCIETY,

HELD AT THE

PeEOKCHANGE ROOMS
ON

THURSDAY, 32p MARCH, 1887.

PRESENT :

The Hon’ble J. F. DICKSON, C.M.G., President, in the Chair ;
W. A. PICKERING, Esq., C.M.G., Vice-President, Singapore ;
EDWIN KOEK, Esq., Honorary Treasurer; The Hon’ble
J. W. BONSER, The Hon’ble A. M. SKINNER, Messrs. W. A.
Mieeneen, ©. 6. BUCKLEY, G. CopLey, A. T. DEW, JOHN
FRASER, H. T. HAUGHTON, A. KNIGHT, JAMES MILLER,
and A. P. TALBOT.

In the absence of the Honorary Secretary, Mr. KNIGHT
read the Annual Report of the Council for the year 1886,
(vide page xiv), which was passed.

The Honorary Treasurer’s statements of accounts for the
-year 1886 (vzde page xviii), were then passed.

XU PROCEEDINGS.

The provisional elections of members named in the Coun-
cil’s Report were confirmed by the meeting.

The following additional members were also elected :-—

The Ven. Archdeacon MEREDITH,—proposed by Mr. KNIGHT
and seconded by the President.

Mr. H. LAUGHER,—proposed by Mr. KNIGHT for Mr.
HULLETT, and seconded by Mr. COPLEY.

The President reported that the Council, at a meeting held
on the 22nd February, 1886, had had under consideration a
proposal of the Honorary Secretary to invite several gentle-
men to become Honorary Members of the Society. The
Council came to the conclusion that the distinction of Hono-
rary Membership should be sparingly conferred, and only for
special and highly distinguished services. Of the names .
proposed, however, they would gladly recommend for elec-
tion Dr. REINHOLD RostT, the Librarian at the India Office,
who was an accomplished Orientalist and a Malay scholar,
and had done great service to the Society.

The meeting unanimously confirmed the election..

The President further stated that, at a subsequent meeting,
the name of Colonel YULE, C.B., Vice-President of the Royal
Geographical Society, had been proposed. Colonel YULE had
recently published ‘‘ Hobson-Jobson,”’ a work of much interest
to Malay scholars as well as to others in the East, and his
other works, and the general interest he had taken in Indo-
Chinese studies, were well known; the Council had, therefore,
decided on proposing him for election as an Honorary Member.

The nomination was unanimously agreed to.

Before proceeding to the election-of Officers for the year,—

The President read a letter from the Hon’ble W. E. MAx-
WELL, C.M.G., asking to be relieved of the office of Honorary
Secretary, on the ground that his frequent absences from
Singapore prevented his doing justice to the Society’s interests.
From conversation with Mr. MAXWELL, he believed that he
would be willing to continue his services for the purpose of

PROCEEDINGS. X11

editing the Journal if he could be provided with a coadjutor
resident in Singapore, and Mr. H. T. HAUGHTON had kindly
consented to act in that capacity if the members approved.

The election of Officers was then proceeded with, anda
scrutiny of the voting papers showed the following result :—

President.—The Hon’ble J. F. DICKSON, C.M.G.

Vice-Presidents.—Singapore, W. A. PICKERING, Esq.,
C.M.G.; Penang, DANIEL LOGAN, Esq.

Foint Honorary Secretaries—Vhe Hon’ble W. E. MAx-
WELL, C.M.G., and H. T. HAUGHTON, Esq.

Flonorary Treasurer.—EDWIN KOEK, Esq.

Councillors.—The Hon’ble A. M. SKINNER, R. W. HUL-
Piso, A: KNIGHT, Esq., JAMES MILLER, Esq:, and
H. L. NORONHA, Esq.

X1V

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

COUNCIL

OF THE

> PRAT IS © BR AgNiGaEl

OF THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOC Eire

FOR THE YEAR 1886.

THE Report which the Council for 1886 have to lay before
the Society at the conclusion of the period for which they
were elected is, they believe, a fairly satisfactory one.

Since the last General Meeting, four new members have
joined the Society, namely, Mr. A. F. AYRE, Mr. A. CURRIE,
Revd. A. S. MACPHEE, and Mr. W. BURBIDGE.

The provisional election of these gentlemen requires, under
the Rules, the confirmation of the Society at a General
Meeting.

The Council announce with regret the death of the follow-
ing members since the last General Meeting :—

S. E. DALRYMPLE.
ALEXANDER DUFF.
Ik Gio SHUI: ;
J. T. THOMSON.

Drs G wi REEING:
LS BOND:

The following gentlemen have ceased to be members in
accordance with Rule 6 :—D. D. DALy, H. TRACHSLER.

Two hundred copies of Miscellaneous Papers relating to
Indo-China, published for the Society by Messrs. TRUBNER
& Co., were received from the publishers early in 1886. Of
these, in addition to twenty-five copies forwarded to Govern-

ANNUAL REPORT. XV

ment in accordance with agreement, about fifty copies have
been disposed of. Owing to the continued support of the
Government of the colony, to whom the Society is indebted
for a grant of $500 for the year 1887, the Council has been
able to carry out the intention, indicated in the Annual Report
for 1885, of continuing the series of reprinted papers by the
publication of two additional volumes. These-are approach-
ing completion, and are edited, like the first series, by Dr. REIN-
HOLD Rost. They will contain papers reprinted from the
Fournal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Fournal of the
Feoyal Asiatic Society, the Malay Miscellanies (originally
published at Bencoolen), and the Verhandelingen van het
Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.

To the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences the thanks
of our Society are especially due for their kind permission
to reprint the late Mr. J. R. LOGAN’S paper on the Rocks of
Pulau Obin, and the valuable notes of Mr. W. P. GROENE-
VELDT on the Malay Archipelago.

There is no intention of proceeding further at present with
the republication of selected papers on the East Indian
Archipelago. The Council would, however, express a hope
that, at some future time, the translation and publication
of aseries of selected papers contributed by distinguished
Dutch Orientalists to the Journals of learned Societies in
Holland and Java may be undertaken by our Society.

The new Map of the Peninsula, mentioned in the last
Annual Report, was finished in 1886, but before it could be
transmitted to England, further geographical information
relative to the northern portion of the Peninsula was received
from the Siamese Government, and the publication of the
Map is delayed until this can be incorporated in it.

While alluding to the subject of Geography, the Council
cannot but record the loss which the Society has sustained in
the death of Mr. W. CAMERON, whose explorations have added
so much to our knowledge of the States of Sélangor, Pahang,
and other portions of the Peninsula. The following notice of
Mr. CAMERON’S death and services appeared in the Strazts
Limes of the 20th November, 1886 :—

“Our readers will leatr with regret of the death of Mr.

XVI ANNUAL REPORT.

WILLIAM CAMERON, F.R.G.S., Government Explorer and
Geologist, which occurred early this morning at Parsee Lodge,
where he was staying ona visit. Mr. CAMERON, who was
the only brother of the late Mr. JOHN CAMERON, Merchant
in Singapore, had a somewhat eventful life both in England
and Australia, but eventually he settled down in the Straits
Settlements, where his practical knowledge of Mineralogy
and Geology, combined with his love of exploring, promised
him several good appointments, and latterly led to his being
employed by Government in exploring and mapping out the
unknown parts of the Native States, and to his receiving the
honorary title of Government Explorer and Geologist. In
this capacity he did good work for the Government, and his
name will be long held in remembrance in the Native States,
especially among the Malavs and Sakeis, of whose language
and customs he had a most accurate knowledge, and over
whom he had great influence. Mr. CAMERON has left a
widow and several children, some of whom are grown up, to
mourn his loss. He was of a warm and generous disposition,
and has left a large circle of friends, both in England and
Singapore, who will feel his death as a great personal loss.”

The approaching completion of the new Museum, in which
accommodation has been provided by Government for this
Society, will, it is hoped, give a fresh impulse to seientific
research in the colony. In connection with this, it is very
desirable that a collection, as complete as possible, of Malay
books, printed and MS., should be gradually formed in the
Settlement which is the centre of British influence in the
Eastern Archipelago; and such a collection can be formed
with comparative ease, when it is remembered that manu-
scripts which cannot be bought for money can often be borrow-
ed for the purpose of being copied.

With the fourth number of ‘Notes and Queries,” its
Editor, the Honorary Secretary, has resolved to bring its
publication to an end. It has been presented gratis to mem-
bers with the last four numbers of the Journal.

Nos. 16 and 17 of the Journal have been published since
the last General Meeting. They contain the following
papers -—

ANNUAL REPORT. XVil

Plan for a Volunteer Force in the Muda Districts, Pr-o
vince Wellesley, by the late J. R. LOGAN.

A Description of the Chinese Lottery known as ‘“ Hua-
oey,, by €. W. S. KYNNERSLEY.

On the Roots in the Malay Language, from the Dutch
of J. PIJNAPPEL.

Klieng’s War Raid to the Skies; a Dyak Myth, by the
Revd. J. PERHAM.

Valentyn’s Account of Malacca,—Translated from the
Drrehe(contmbuted by the Eontble, Dy Fe 7A:
HERVEY), (continued from Journal No. 15).

On Mines and Miners in Kinta, Pérak, by A. HALE,
Inspector of Mines, Kinta.

English, Sulu, and Malay Vocabulary, by T. H. HAYNES.
(Malay portion by W. E. MAXWELL, C. M. G.)

Meteorological Report for 1885, by T. IRVINE ROWELL,
Principal Civil Medical Officer, Straits Settle-
ments.

Bibliography of Siam, by E. M. SATOW, C.M.G.

Sri Rama, a Fairy Tale told by a Malay Rhapsodist, by
Weeks MAXWELL, C. M. G-

History of Malacca from Portuguese sources, —Contri-
buted by E. KOEK.

The Honorary Treasurer’s Statement of the financial
position of the Society is appended.

W. E. MAXWELL,

Flonorary Secretary.

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ESSAY TOWARDS
MEDIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

AO

os (Continued from Fournal No. 17, p. 85.)

ESSAY TOWARDS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

(Continued from Fournal No. 17, p. &§.!

IPYAVIER TE ii,

Periodicals and Proceedings of Learned Societies.

184. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen, 1883, pp.
22,—Kuhn—Uber Herkunft und Sprache der
Transgangetischen Volker.

184 a American Baptist Missionary Magazine.

185. Annales de PExtreme Orient, edited by Count Mey-
ners d’Estrey, Paris 1878-84, 6 vols. large
_ 8vo.

Vol. I, p. 97. Les Monuments de I’ancien
Cambodge, by the Marquis de Croizier.

Vol. I, p. 152. Indo-Chine, Etudes d’aprés
les voyages du Dr. Bastian, by the Marquis de
Croizier.

Vel.1, p. 169: Idem.

is p27 7.) Gem:
te p. 306. Idem.
p. 329. Notes de Voyage en Indo-
Chine, by Dr. J. Harmand. (Maps.)

Vol. I, p. 347. Summary of a paper enti-
tlede Rapport sur une Mission en Indo-Chine
de Bassac a Hué, by Dr. J. Harmand. See also
Ee so3-

Vol. I, p. 361. Notes de Voyages en Indo-
Chine, by Dr. J. Harmand.

Vol. I, p. 380. Indo-Chine. Etudes d'aprés
les voyages du Dr. Bastian, by the Marquis de
Croizier.

Vol. II, p.12. Une audience au Palais Roy-
al de Bangkok sous le roi Monkit, by Albert

164:

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

de Vallandé (extract from a paper communicated
to the Société Académique Indo-Chinoise).

Vol. II, p. 29. Mention of a Siamese Mis-
sion to England.

Vol. II, p. 31. Notices of paragraphs =m
Exploration.
Vol. Il, _ p. 60. ‘ Affair of PhralPriewar

“ p. 90. Les distinctions honorifiques
a Siam. ASW. @aylor:

Vol. II, p.94. Siamese embassy in Germany.

a p. 121. Extract from a paper by H.
Bionne, entitled “La France, l’Angleterre et
Allemagne au point de vue Colonial,” in l’Ex-
ploration of 20th July, 1879.

Vol. II, p. 136. Indo-Chine, Ue Laostetles
populations sauvages. (Notice of paper with this
title contributed by ])r. J. Harmand to “Le
Tour du Monde,’’ 5, 12 and 19 July, 1879.)

Vol. II, p. 149. Notice of “ Le Royaume de
Siam,” by A. Gréhan.

Vol. II, p. 193. Inscriptions Cambodgiennes,
bye Dice bieeisermn.

Vol. II, p. 208. Siam. Un Bonze charmeur,
by R. Postel. (Reprinted from “ Figaro.’’)

Vol. Il, p. 212. Voyage au Cambodge, by
L. Delaporte. (Notice of the work so entitled).

Vol; Il,. p. 220. Une lettre de Baneiera
(Notice of a letter which was published in the
Revue Orientale et Ameéricaine for July-Sep-
tember, 1879.) See also p. 255.

Vol. Il, p. 247. Ceque devrait étre lajpolre
tique francaise dans |’Extréme Orient, by M. L.
Rodanet. (Extracts from an article in the Bul-
letin de la Société de Géographie de Rochefort,
1879.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 165

Vol. I], p. 271. Inscriptions Cambodgiennes,
lettre de M. le Dr. Harmand.

Vol. II, p. 327. Les Nouveaux manuscrits
Palis de la Bibliothéque Nationale.

Vol Il, p. 335. Inscriptions Cambodgiennes,
panle Wocteur H: Kern.

Vol. III, p. 33. Inscription Cambodgienne
trouvée a Lophabouri (Siam) par M.A Lorgeou.
See also vol. IV, pp. 195 & 249.

Vel. III, p. 64. Inscription de Bassac Estam-
pages du Dr. Harmand déchiffrés par le Dr.
Kern.

Vol lil p, 169: Indes Onentales. Les Lan-
gues Modernes, par Léon Feer. (Analysis of ‘A
sketch of the modern languages of the East-In-
dies, by IX. N. Cust.)

Wolly ps149. Priere Laotienne, lettre du
Dr. Harmand.

abe tile p: 150-6 Letter trom Dr.’C. P. K.
Winkel on Siamese coins.

Vol. III, p. 275. La Colonie européenne de
Bangkok, by W. A. Taylor.

WolslVip, 538. Wotices of papers read at a
meeting of the Société Académique Indo-Chi-
noise by M. Bazangeon on his journey from
Bangkok to Penang and by M. Taylor on the
cremation of the Queen of Siam.

Vol. IV, p. 61. Bangkok. Shipping returns
of Bangkok for 1879.

Vol. IV, p. 65. A Teak saw-mill at Bangkok.

feet. Le siam. “By Senn van. Ba-
Sele Continued, at ppt 199, 233, 317, 347, 378-)

Vol. IV, p. 311. Le percement de l’isthme de

Kra.

Vol. IV, p. 328. Le Discours du tréne du roi
de Siam.

166

186.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Vol. IV, p. 387. Chronique Orientale.

Vol. V, p. 3. “Chine, Japon, Siam vcts@am-
bedsen large vole de Fontpertuis, review by
M. Léon Feer.

Vole enresa Belabion at Bangkok.

», Pp. 32. Siamese Mission to Europe.
» p- 120. Isthmus of Kra eanale

EP ACe Do. do.

5, p. 223. Un prince Siamois a Paris.

p. 238. Rapports ethnologiques et lin-
guistiques des Races Indo-Chinoises et Indo-
Pacifiques. (Translated from the English of A.
HT: Keane2)" ‘Continued at ps 204m.

Vol. Vp: 318. iKraveanal

Fe noo SOE Do.

Vol. VI, p. 63. Ligne télégraphique entre Sai-
gon et Bangkok.

Vol. VI, p. 224. Canal de Malacca.

Annales de la Propagation de la Foi. No. XXV, p.

38. Letter from M. Bruguiére. Bangkok, 19
May, 1829. J/6., p. 49. Letter from the Bishop
of Sozopolis, Bangkok, 27 Sept., 1829. /0., p. 33.
Letter from Mgr. Bruguiére, Bangkok, 1829.

No. XXVI, p. 149. Continuation of the pre-
ceding letter from Mgr. Bruguiére.

No. XXXIX, p.502. Letter from M. Cuénot,
Bangkok, 9 May, 1833. p. 534. Letter from
Mgr. Taberd, Bangkok, 22 Jan., 1834.

No. XL, p. 595. Extract from a letter of M.
Régéreau, Battambang, 1 March, 1834. See
also p. 618.

No. LI, p. 407. Extracts from a letter of M.
Albrand, Bangkok, 24 Nov., 1835.

No. LXXII, p. 488. Letter from M. Miche,
Battambang, 15 Jan., 1839.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 167

No: LXXVII, p. 307. Letter from Mer.
Courvezy, Singapore, 26 Nov., 1839.

/b., p. 311. Letter from M. Miche, Battam-
bang, 10 May, 18309.

Lb. p. 321. From the same, Bangkok, 6 April,
1840.

187. Anthropological Review, April, 1870, p. 108, a paper
by Dr. J. Campbell.

1&8. Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society
Instituted in Bengal, for inquiring into the His-
tory and Antiquities; the Arts, Sciences, and “
Literature, of Asia. Calcutta. 20 vols. ato.

(Vol. I to XII reprinted in London.)

Vol. V, p. 219. A comparative vocabulary of
the languages spoken in the Burma Empire, by
Francis Buchanan, M.D.

Vol. X, p. 158. On the languages and Litera-
ture of the Indo-Chinese nations. By J. Ley-
den, M.D. Reprinted in ‘ Miscellaneous Pa-
pers on Indo-China,”’ vol. I, pp. 84-171.

Vol. XX, pt. 2 of Calcutta edition, pp. 245-
284. Onthe Government of Siam, by Captain
James Low.

Zb., pp. 338-392. On Siamese Literature, by
Captain James Low.

189. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Journal of the.

Brown, Rev. N.: Comparison of the Indo-
Chinese languages, vol. 5, p. 1023.

/é.—Alphabets of the Thai Language, vol. 5,
a eB :

Bastian,—On some Siamese inscriptions,—
vol. 34, pp. 27-38, 1866.

Richardson, vols. 8 & 9, Mission to Siam, and

a Visit to Xiengmai.
190. Asiatic Society of Japan. Transactions, vol. VII.

.

168

191.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

A short Narrative of Foreign Travel of Modern
Japanese adventurers. By Captain J. M. James,
1879.

vol. XIII. Notes on the Intercourse between
Japan & Siam in the 17th century, by E. M.
Satow, 1885.

Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and
Foreign India, China, and Australasia. New
Series. London, Wm. H. Allen and Co. En-
tries relating to Siam will be found as follows :—

Vol. XX, 1836, pp. 36, 55, 93, 162.

Vol. XXH, 1837, pp. 31, 52, III.

Vol Xx, 18375 pp.42n 22:

Vol. XXV, 1838, pp. 164, 234.

Vol. XXVI, —1838, p. 86.

Vol. XXVIII, 1830; pp. 28, 113, 204;n270.

Vol. XXIX, ~~ 1839; pp! 176170:

Vol. XXX, 1839, Pp. 127, s90, tog meos:

Vol. XXX], 1840, pp. 435,65, gor

Vol DOG, 18460, ppsit to,0220.

Voll XX, 1340; p emg

Vol DOCaVs) 1340, 1p. 2ier

Vol. XXXV, 1841, part I, pp. 144, 216; part
i o22e

Vol. XXXVI, 1841, p. 198.

Vol OO TITS 4258p ae:

Voll XXOXS 1642, pp ilo zoye

192. Bangkok Calendar: Compzled by D. B. B. (Daniel

B. Bradley) from 1858 to 1873.
Contains a number of valuable articles on the
history, religion and natural history of Siam.

193. Bangkok Directory, from 1878 onwards, published by

D6 JJ Similan, IBN Sol,

194, The Bangkok Recorder, newspaper, published week-

ly on Thursdays, proprietor D. B. Bradley, pub-
lished at Bangkok from Jan. 16, 1865, to Jan.,
16, 1867. (Vol. I was edited by the Rev. N. A.
McDonald.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. -169

195 Chinese Repository. 20 vols. Canton, 1833 ef seq.

Contains the following papers relative to
Siam :—

Vole Te pp TOp45. 51,022, 180. ‘Cs Gutzlatt.

Journal of a residence in Siam.
[b., p. 26. Missionary news from Siam.

Tb., p. 224. KReviewof Journal kept during a
voyage from Singapore to Siam, and while re-
siding nine months in that country, by J. T.
Singapore; A missionary journal kept at Sin-
gapore and Siam; from May, 1830, to January,
1832. By J. Tomlin, Malacca; Journal of a tour
through the settlements on the eastern side of
the peninsula of Malacca in 1828. Singapore

(By W. H. Medhurst, senr.)
oe papas CG. Gutziatiy “Che Buddhism of

Siam.
7b., p. 336. Religious Intelligence, Siam.
We ALT 2 Do. do. do.
Lo). 400. Do. do. do.
Vall, p-45- Do. do. do.
TDs, Ds OF. Do. do. do.
Yb, p. 478. Siamese year for 185t.
FOE D527 - Do. do.

Vol. III, p. 390. Religious Intelligence, Siam.

/b., p. 192. Siamese Tribute-bearers.

7b., p. 505. A Siamese Romance.

Vol. 1V, p. 103. Siamese Tribute-bearers.

7b., p. 190. Siamese Ambassador.

Vol. V, p. 55. Siamese History.

TO. . 105. Do.

HO... LOW. Do.

Jb., p. 444. Brief Account of the Siamese
Missionary Dispensary at Bangkok, from Au-

gust 5th, 1835, to October 5th, 1836.

170

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Td., p. 525. Siamese History.
Vol. VI, p. 55. ‘Topography of Bangkok.
HO. OD. FOE. Do.
biog p. 179. Siamese History.
)

MBs p. 208. Siamese Tribute-bearers to
Peking.

Lb., p. 256. Siamese History.

LO, p- 268. Do.

NO We GAN: Religious Intelligence, Siam.

/b., p. 387. Treaty of Amity between his Ma-
jesty the magnificent King of Siam and the
United States of America.

Vol. VII, p. 50. Siamese History.

/b., p. 171. Review of Roberts’ account of his
embassy to Cochin-China, Siam and Muscat.

/6., Pp. 543. Siamese History.

Vol. VIIL, p: 125. Edict of the Kina tonsa
against the Introduction and sale of opium with-
in his dominions.

Vol. X}, p: 130. Siamese Dribute-beagees

Vol. XII, p. 281. -G.T. Lay...’ Notice oniiigen
Grammatical notfces of the Siamese languages,
with an appendix, by B. J. Taylor Jones, Bang-
kok. Printed at the Mission Press, 1841.

Vol. XIII, p. 169. Notices of the) teleion
manners and customs of the Siamese, by the
late M. Bruguiere. Translated from the Annales
de Ja Fo.

Vol. XIV, p. 155. Embassies from Siam.

/6., p.. 337. .Meteorological Notices Vormtle
thermometer, &c., made in Bangkok during five
successive years ending 1844. By J. Caswell.

Vol. XV, p. 80. Missionary Labours in Siam ;
ophthalmic hospital in Bangkok ; Death of Mrs.

Bradley ; schools and present prospects of the
mission.

a7

198.

199:

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. vA:

Vol. XVII, p. 373. Disturbances in Siam.

Vol. XVIII, p. 22. B'bliographical notices ol
Works relating to Siam in the English and
French languages.

[b., p. 503. Cholera in Bangkok.

Wolk IX) p. 548. ~Penets’ of the Buddlusts
and Laws respecting their idols in Siam.

Wolt XX, pp. 345-63. - Brief History of Siam.

p. 1. Burning of mission premises.

Deer) Siamese year fom 1651.

Chinese and Japanese Repository for May 3, 1564.
Brief extracts from An Account of A. Loudon’s
Mission to Siam in 1862, originally published in
the Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, land-en vol-
kenkunde, vol. XII, pp. 380-502. .

Correspondant, 10 Jan., 1882 —Chenclos. Uns Mis-
sion a Bangkok.

Entomological Society, Transactions: Catalogue of
Buprestidae collected by Mouhot in Siam, with
description of new species, by Ed. Saunders.
Niobe y, p- 297.

Excursions et Reconnaissances—Saigon (eleven vol-
umes have already appeared),

Tome IV.—Pavie—Excursion dans le Cam-
bodge et le Royaume de Siam {sy/fe).

/b1d.—Blanc—Voyage d'un marchand de
boeufs au Laos (du 15 Aodt 1880 au 3 mai 1881).

fbid.—Septans et Gauroy
dans le Cambodge et le Laos.

Reconnaissance

ome Vv. avie—_=xeursion dans le Cam-
bodge et le royaume de Siam (sw/¢c).

Tome VII.-—Pavie—Excursion dans le Cam-
bodge et le royaume de Siam.

léid.—Same Author—Les deux inscriptions
de la pagode de Pra-kéoa Bangkok (tre partie).

IL,

203.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

/bid.—Same Author—Ligne télégraphique de
Pnom-Penh a Bangkok (tre partie).

Tome VIII.—Aymonier—Notes sur le Laos.

/61¢d.—Hardouin-——-Voyage 4 Ratboury et a
Kanboury.

/bid.—-Schmitt—Les deux inscriptions de la
pagode de Pra-keo 4 Bangkok (2e partie).

Tome 1X.—Aymonier—Notes sur les Laos.

Tome X —Schmitt—Inscription de la statue
de Civa trouvée par M. Rastmann dans la forét
qui recouvre l’emplacement de J’ancienne ville
de Kamphéng phet.

/bid.—Brien—Apercu sur la province de Bat-
tambang (ter article).

Tome XI.—Brien—Apercu sur la province de
Battambang (2e article).

Schmitt—lInscription Siamoise du Vat Bova-
ranivet, a Bangkok.

Foreign Missionary Chronicle.

Hours at Home: Vol. IV, pp. 464, 531; vol. V, p. 66.
Papers describing a visit to Siam in one of the
vessels of the United States Squadron in 1857,
by G. B. Bacon, published in the United States.

Ibis: Siam Birds by Sir R. H. Schomburgk, in vol.
OP TOM, (8), BAO.

Siamese Garrulax, letter from Viscount Wal-
Cla, Wl WON, WO WO, Os BO

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia.
[Edited by J. R. Logan}. ~ 1847-18603) evoue
vols. Appendix 1 vol. New Series, 4 vols.

Contains with reference to Siam the follow-
ins (APNE RS <—

Vol. 1, pp. 328-426. On the Laws of Muang
Thai or Siam, by Lieut.-Col. James Low.

Vol. Il, pp. 568-580. Analysis of the An-
cient Annals of Siam,

204.

20D.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 173

Vol. IV, p. 164. . Notes on the tract of
country lying between the head of the Zimmi
river and the source of the Kamdran adjacent
to the Siamese province of Ryout Raung.

Mole tp.) 7.) Notice of) the new Siamese
grammar of Bishop Pallegoix.

lb., p. 498. On the ancient connexion be-
tween Kedah and Siam.

Zap 535. come account of the Thrai

hun.

/b., p. 586. Coronation, etc. of the King of
Siam.

WoleVl, p. 117. ~Notices'of the coastof Cam-
bodia from Kampot to Chentabon.

7p. 692. An account—of the illness and
death of H. M. the Queen of Siam.

New Series, vol. II, p. 221. A comparative
vocabulary of Shan, Ka-kying and Pa-laong.

New Series, vol. III, p. 140. Notes on Budd-
hism in Ceylon and Siam.

Journal Asiatique, 1855—L. de Rosny—Quelques
Observations sur la langue Siamoise et sur son
écriture.

Same year—Extrait d’un rapport fait 4 la So-
ciéte asiatique sur une nouvelle carte du royaume
de Siam.

Linnean Journal, Zoology. Vol. XIV, p.534. Geo-
graphical Distribution of Indian Freshwater
Fishes, by Francis Day.

Le Mercure Galant: rédigé par Jean Donneau de
Vizé, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688. (Lanier.)

Missionary Herald: containing the proceedings at
large of the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions, published monthly, con-
tains a large number of notices of missionary
work in Siam, beginning from the year 1829.

174
208

216a.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Mittheilungen der geographischen Gesellschaft zu
Jena, Bd. Ill, Heit 4, contaims accoummore:
journey in the north of Siam.

Moniteur des Consulats: Dec. 1880 & Jan. 1881.—
Bazangeon—Le pays des saphirs a Siam.

National Review—see Colquhoun No. 176.

Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Pal-
eontologie; Jahrgang 1882, Bd. Il, pp. 195-9.
Uber Siamesische Mineralien—Fischer.

Oriental Repertory : London, 1808, vol. 1, pp. 399-
402. Michael Topping—Some account of Que-
dah. (Reprinted in vol. I, of ‘‘ Essays Relating
to Indo-China.’’)

Pharmaceutical Journal: On the Gamboge tree of
Siam, by Dr. Christison, vol; Xoap sacar

Siam Cardamons, 24., vol. XVI, p. 556.

2 2
1.. Revue de Geographie, 2e semestre de 1883—Ceberet

Journal.

Revue de VOrient for 1846 contains the account of a
journey by a French missionary named Grand-
jean.

1860.—Girard, D.—Le commerce de Siam.

Revue des deux Mondes, 1869—De Carné—Explo-
ration du Mekong.

Revue Maritime et Coloniale : 1869 Cambodge, les
ruines d’Angkor: Laos Siamois.
Brossard de Corbigny—De Saigon a Bang-
kok par terre, avec carte.
Rheinart et d’Arfeuille—Vovage au Laos.
Royal Asiatic Society —Transactions—Vol. III, pp.
291-30.4.—Gutzlaff—Remarks on the Siamese
Language.

Same vol., pp. 57-124—Low—On Buddha and
the Phrabat.

218.

223.

©
@
aS

- Royal Geographical Society

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. his

Journal for 1855. Geo -
graphical Notes on Siam by H. S. Parkes (Sir
Harty -5. Parkes, K.C B., G.C.M.G.)

Proceedings for January, 1886.—Holt S.
Hallett—Exploration survey for a Railway con-
nection between India, Siam, and China, pp.
20, with a map.

Seribners Monthly: Vol. V, pp. 421-31, In and
Around Bangkok [by G. B. Bacon. |

Vol. VIII, pp. 223-28, An Elephant Hunt in
Siam, by Ganier d’Abain.

Siam Repository, 6 vols. 1869-1874, published by S.
J. Smith, Bangkok.

The Siam Times, newspaper, published weekly on
Thursdays, from July 28, 1864, to Mi icelaly

. Chandler, proprietor.

The Siam Weekly Advertiser, conducted by S. J.
Smith from 186g to 1876.

Siam Weekly Monitor and Bangkok Journal of Com-
merce ; the first number was published 22 May,
1867. Editor, E. D’Encourt. (This newspaper
seems to have been discontinued at the end of
its first year.)

Societe Academique Indo-Chinoise, vol. [.—Feer—

Le Bouddhisme a Siam.

Tbid.—Croizier—Notice sur les manuscrits
Siamois de la Bibliothégue nationale.

For July 1881—Bazangeon—Mon voyage Aa
Siam.

Ibid.—Taylor—Crémation de la Reine de
Siam. ,

Societe de Géographie Bulletin de la:—Sept. and
Oct. 1871—F. Garnier—Voyage lointain aux
royaumes de Cambodge et Laotien, de Gérard
von Wusthof. —

176 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

September, 1877-—-Harmand—Notes sur les_

provinces du bassin méridional du Se Moun.
foid.—Harmand—Excursion de Bassac a At-
topeu.

October, 1876—Harmand—map entitled Ex-
ploration du Thonle-Repau, du Stung-sen et des
pays Kouys.

June and July, 1880—Décugis—-Deux Se-
maines 4 Bangkok.

4e trimestre 1884—Blanck—Le Trane-Nigne,
a l’ouest du Tong-King, with a map.

225. Societe de Geographie de Samarang, Bulletin de la;
2nd part—Winckel—(an article on Siam.)

226. Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Journal
of the: Singapore, No. 15, 1885, p. 103—G.
Dabin—A missionary’s journey through Laos
from Bangkok to Ubon.

2262. Technologist, the: I, p. 355—Sir R. Schomburgk.
On the Vegetable Products of Siam; II, p. 444
—by the same—On Siamese products trans-
mitted to the International Exhibition; IV, p.
337—by the same—On the Ton-khai or Paper-
tree of Siam (Trophis aspera).

227. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, land-en yolken-
kunde: vol. XII, pp. 380-502, an account of A.
Loudon’s Mission to Siam in 1862.

228. Le Tour du Monde :—1879 July-August—Harmand
—Le Laos et les populations sauvages de |’In-
do-Chine. :

[bid —1880, Nos. 1278 & 1282 P. Neis—
Voyage dans le haut Laos (5 parts).

229. Zoological Society, Proceedings of : for 1873, p. 153:
—Remarks on Tiger skins from India, Siam and
Siberia, by E. Blyth.

1879, p. 136: Description of new Asiatic
Lepidoptera, by F. Moore.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 177

1881, p. 368—Description of new Genera and
Species of Asiatic Nocturnal Lepidoptera, by
Fred. Moore.

Transactions, vol. XI, part 3, p. 71—On the
Genera and Species of the Lepidopterous sub-
family Ophiderinae inhabiting the Indian Region,
by F. Moore.

229a. Bollettino della Societa Geografica Italiana. Serie
II, vol. XI, Settembre 1886—-Luzzat:, A.—“Il
presente el’avvenire del Regno di Siam, dell’ing.
A. Luzzatt.’”’ pp. 689-704.

ADDENDA.

Memoires de la Société des Etudes Japonaises Chinoises
Tartares et Indo-Chinoises Tom. IV, 15 Avril
1885—Uhle, Dr. M——-—-—-—Sur quelques tam-
tams Siamois.

L’Avenir du Tonquin—Lorgeou—Note sur lécriture des
Chaw l’as. 13 Nov. 1886.

ft 7 oa
a F
Z =
a,
nd
\
{
‘
7
feet :
.
‘ i
2 D
t = ee
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fart iil.

LANGUAGE.

>

230.

231.

232.

233.

234.

235.

PART III.

Language.

A Comparative Vocabulary of the Burma, Malayu
and T’hai Languages. Serampore: Printed at
the Mission Press: 1810. sm. 4to.

Low : A Grammar of the Thai, or Siamese Language.

By Capt. James Low of the H. E. I. C. Military
Service. Calcutta, Printed at the Baptist Mis- .
sion Press. Sold by Messrs. Thacker& Co.,
Calcutta, and Messrs. Parbury, Allen & Co.,
EKeandon. 1628. Ato.
Reprinted in Smith’s ‘Siam Repository,”’
wols. f é II.
Jones, J. Taylor: Brief Grammatical Notices of the

Siamese Language, Bangkok, 1842, about 80 pp.
8vo. (Reprinted in Smith’s Siam Repository,
vole Llp: 360).

Pallegoix: Grammatica Linguae Thai, auctore D. J.
Bapt. Pallegoix, Episcopo Mallensi Vicario Apos-
tolico Siamensi. Ex typographia collegii As-
sumptionis B. M. V. in civitate regia Krung
Théph maha nakhon si Ajuthaja, vulg6 Bangkok.
Anno Domini 1850. sm. folio.

Dictionarium Latinum Thai. Adusum Missionis
Siamensis, Ex Typographia Collegii Assump-
tionis, B. M. V. Bangkok. Anno domini,
MDCCCL. sm. folio.

Pallegoix: Dictionarium Linguae Thai sive Siam-
ensis Interpretatione Latina, Gallica et Anglica
Illustratum Auctore D. J. B. Pallegoix Episcopo
Mallensi, Vicario Apostolico Siamensi, Parisiis,
Jussu Imperatoris impressum In Typographeo

Imperatoris MDCCCLIV. 4to.

240.

240d.

241.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Schott, W: Uber die sogenannten indochinesischen
Sprachen, insonderheit das Siamesische, in Ab-
handlungen der kgl. Akademie der Wissen-
schaften, Berlin, 1856, pp. 161-79. 4to.

English and Siamese Vocabulary, 1st edition, 400 co-
pies. Bangkok Presb. Mission Press. 1865.
12mo. Second edition, 1886.

Caswell: Treatise on the Tones of the Siamese
Language, by Rev. J. Caswell. (in Smith’s Siam
Repository, vol. II, p. 93.) 1870.

Bastian: Sprachvergleichende Studien mit beson-
derer Beriicksichtigung der Indo-chinesischen
Sprachen, von Dr. Adolf Bastian, Leipzig, F. A.
Brockhaus, 1870. 8vo.

Uber die siamesischen Laut-und Ton accente,
in ‘‘ Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissen-
schaften zu Berlin, ‘‘ Juni, 1867, pp. 357-386.

Remarks on the Indo-Chinese Alphabets, in
‘Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, new se-
mes Vol TA mneOye

MeDonald: A Collection of Words and Phrases in
English and Siamese for schools and beginners
prepared by Mrs. Davenport revised by N. A.
McDonald. Presb.: Miss. Press. “18735 uppe
1-109, 200-280.

New edition, revised by Rev. S. G. McFar-
land D. D. Bradley’s Press. 18383.) pps.

Gallois: La langue et la littérature du royaume
Thai ou de Siam. 8vo. Paris, 1874.

Von Bergen: Passive verb of the Thai Language, by
F. L. Werner von Bergen, Consul for the Ger-
man Empire. With the Siamese verb and Vo-
cabulary of the words used in these notices, by
Rev. S. J. Smith, A.M. The Alphabet, vowels,
and syllabic combinations, Published at S. J.
Smith Place Bangkok, 1875. pp. 24.

242.

243.

244,

245,

246.

247.

248.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 183

Cust : A Sketch of the Modern Languages of the East
Indies. Accompanied by two Language Maps.
By Robert N. Cust. London: Tribner & Co.
HO76. OVO. =

p. 11g. The Tai Family.

Forbes, C. J. F.S.: Comparative Grammar of the
Indo-Chinese Languages. London, 1881. pp.
77-91 deal with the Siamese language.

Ewald: Grammatik der T’ai-oder Siamesischen
Sprache von L. Ewald...mit einer vergleichen-
Gen, Sennittate.. Leipzic. 1. O. Weigel. 1381.
8VO.

Mueller, Friedrich: Grindriss der Sprachwissen-
schaft, contains a sketch of the Siamese lan-
guage, in vol. I], section, 2, pp. 367-88. Wien,
1882.

Kuhn : Uber Herkunft und Sprache der transganget-
ischen V6élker, Akademie der Wissenschaften
zu Munchen, 1883, 22 pp. 4to.

Lepsius: Standard alphabet, p.p. 236-41, treats of
the Siamese alphabet.

Introduction to the Siamese language. (An Eng-
lish-Siamese Vocabulary, for the use of natives ;
the Siamese words printed in Roman type; size
12mo. or 16mo. A new edition, published in 1877,
is entitled ‘‘ English Siamese Vocabulary en-
larged with an introduction to the Siamese
Language and a supplement by D. J. Bapt.
Pallegoix, etc., Bangkok for sale at the Ca-
tholic Mission Press.”

Forchhammer, E.: Article on the Indo-Chinese
languages in the “ Indian Antiquary,’” Bombay,

vol. XI, pp. 177-89.

Bart, Vv.

MAPS.

Paka TV:

Maps.

Kiepert: Karte der indochinesischen Reiche Birma, Siam,

Kambodja und Annam nebst Bemerkungen
dao Von) ire Li Kiepert, Professor Jena,
Hermann Costenoble. 1867.

Arrowsmith, J.: Map of Burmah, Siam, and Cochin-china.
By J. Arrowsmith, new edition, London, Edward
Stamford, 55, Charing Cross,S.W. June, 1875.

Le Royaume de Siam avec les Royaumes qui luy sont tri-
butaires, &c. A Amsterdam chez Joachim Ot-
tens. Avec les observations des Six Peres Je-
suites envojez par le Roy en qualité de ses ma-
thematiciens dans les Indes, et 4 Chine, ou est
aussi Tracée La Route qu’ils ont tentie par le
Destroit de la Sonde jusqu’a Siam. In 2 sheets.

(In this map the Malay Peninsula is marked
Malacca ou Sornau.)

Dutreuil de Rhins. Carte de I’Indo-Chine Orientale, (in
two sizes, one in four sheets, the other in one
sheet) publiée sous le Ministére de Mr. le Vice
Amiral Jaureguiberry. Au depot des Cartes et
Plans de la Marine en 188.

fie des Missions de L’ Indo-Chine par E.C. L..........
ancien Missionaire, 1879.

Payie: Itinéraires de M. A. Pavie dans le Sud-ouest de |’
Indo-Chine Orientale Cambodge et Siam, 2
sheets. Challamel ainé, 5, rue Jacob, Paris.

Eastern Bengal, Assam, Burmah and parts of China and
Siam, 1870, with corrections to 1875. Suryey-
or-General’s Office, Calcutta.

188 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM.

Carte de l’Asie Orientale, comprenant l’Empire chinois, le
Japon, les états de l’Indo-Chine et la Malaisie.
Paris, Andriveau-Goujon. 2 sheets.

Map of the Kingdom of Siam and her dependencies among
the Laosians and Cambodians, constructed from
surveys which the Siamese Government had
made A. D. 1867 and 1868 (4 sheets).

The Siamese part of the Malay Peninsula, without title, in
2 sheets.

A roughly lithographed map of the Siamese delta, published
by the late Dr. D. B. Bradley is also in exist-
Elle:

Other maps will be found in the works of

Jancigny.

De la Loubére.

Mouhot (course of the Mekong).

Vincent (Further India).

Bock (Bangkok to Kiangtsen).

McLeod (Central part of British Burmah with
Shan provinces of Burmah and Northern Laos).

Crawfurd (Map of Siam and Cochin-China).

Bowring (Map of Siam and its dependencies).

Bacon (Map of Siam, Cambodia and Laos).

Colquhoun (In “ Across Chrysé,” map of In-
do-China).

Bastian (in vol. 3. This is the same as Kie-
pert’s map published separately).

Conder (Map of Indo-China).

Pallegoix (Map of Siam and its dependencies).

Révue Maritime et Coloniale (Map to accom-
pany Brossard’s account of his journey from
Saigon to Bangkok).

Garnier (Carte Générale de ]’Indo-Chine et de la Chine cen-
trale ; Carte Générale de 1’Indo-Chine ; 10 Cartés
Itinéraires ; & plana vol d’oiseau des cataractes
de Khon. Inthe Atlas to his “ Voyage d’Ex-
ploration, g. v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIAM. 189

Hallett, Map of Siam and Northern Laos, in the Proceed-
ings of the Royal Geographical Society for Jan.,
1886.

Société de Géographie, Bulletin de la: Oct., 1876, by Dr.
Harmand, map entitled “ Exploration du Thonle

’Repau, du Stung-sen et des pays Kouys; 4e

trimestre 1884, map of Trane-Nigne by Pére
Blanck.

Le Tour du Monde (g. v.}, maps showing Dr. Harmand’s
journeys.

POSTSCRIPT:

The Index having been printed before the body of this
bibliography, some entries in Parts I and II, which
were made after the MS. had been sent to the printer,
were unavoidably omitted from it.

”

ath

te

wa

ii
|

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

2 (0) i

(Continued from Fournal No. 16.)

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

(Continued from Fournal No 16, p. 384.)

N

English. Sulu.
Nail (of iron) langsang
Nail, to langsangan
Nail (of the finger) * kaku
Naked hibu
Name ngan
Narrative kata-kata
Narrow bikun muak
Nation ; race * bangsa
Nature; disposi-

tion parangai; * tabiat

Navel * pusat
Neap-tide dan ; dagatan
Near (position) daik; masuthk
Nearly apit
Neat mdaraian-maraian
Necessity * paksa

Neck ; throat litk ; litg
Needed ; wanting * ktrang

Needle

jaum

Malay.

kuku.

(See Hoof)

(See Fable)

bangsa. (See Family)
eae Disposition)
tabi‘at (A7r.)
pusat. Jav.and Day.,
| puser ; Bat., pusot;
Mak., pochz; Bug.,
post; Tag., posor ;
Bis., posod
darat-an, dry land

apit, to squeeze

ce: Jav. and
Sund., peksa
leher
korang. (See Less)
(jarum. Jav., dom,
| needle, - jaruman,
zo-between ;
Sunde) sande Bate
garum ; Mak. and
Bug., jarung ;
aca, and: Bis.

dagom

194 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Neglect
Negligent

Negotiate, to
Nephew

Nerve ; sinew

Net
Never
Never mind

New

News
Night
Night, Last
Night, To-
Nine (9)
Ninety, (go)

Sle.

pasaran
* |alei

* bicharahkan

A A

anakun

25 UUEEUE

walla biaksa
sahrina ; siahrina

bagu

ngawi

dom
kawil; kavi
dom ini
siam
kasiaman

Nipa-palm jeaf for

cigarettes
No
Noble birth
Noise

None
Noose

North

tigol

di

pankat
hiru-hara

wal
tainga

tara

Malay.

laler. Javeraird
| Sund., Za/7- Wake
lale
bichara. (See Case)
anak per-anak-an
urat. (SeaiAiteny)
(See Seine)

/ baharu. Jav., wahu ;
! Sund. and Bug.,
. baru >” Bathe
[ baru; Mak., béru;

Tag. and Bis., dago

pangkat

rank. hnarielaires
| (See Distur-
bance)

utara.. Jav.,) Sumer
and Day., utara;
Bat., otara; Bis.,

. otala, east-wind

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 195

English.

North-east

North-west

Nose

Sizel 70:

A A A
tungara

hilaga ; habagat

BE) ira

iléng

Nose, Running at

the sipun
Not bikun
Mot Wo;dont cio
Not yet di-pa
Not quite walla-pa
Noxious * bisa
Nursery (for plants)

orchard kubtn

O

Oar ; paddle * daidng ; bogsei
Oath sapah
Obey, to agat

Malay.
tenggara. Mak.,
tunggara; Day.,
ANS Para, >, 1.
wind a
barat, —Sund.- o2-
Te) AN OAL 0G,
} storm; Mak., da-
ra, W. wind;
| Day., darat, W.

| wind, storm
(hidong. Jav. and
| SUNG 7770
+ pate acne.
(ac “and ~Bis.,
tone

bukan

bisa. (See Deadly)

kabun, garden,
plantation. Jav.
and Sund., kebon

java) Sunes mate

and Day. Gayong
Po in Make.) Buc,
( Tae and Bis:

| dayong. Occurs in

196 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Obscure ; dark
Odour

Of

Offence

Often

Often, How
Oil

Oil, Kerosine
Old; aged
Older, The

Ont commoncsier

One, It’s all

Onion

Only

Open

Open, — pearl
shells, to

Opinion

Sulu.

lim
mahmud
dia

* dosa

biaksa-biaksa

kumisan

Isa ; isai; hdmbtk

wai-bida

sisloen

pikilan

* Lupa= Europa ?

dosa.

|
|

Malay.

(See Crime)

biasa, accustomed.

Kw., d2yasa ;
Sund., dzsa; Bat.
biyasa, enough ;
Mak., dzyasa ;
Tag., d¢hasa

lupa, to forget, ka-

lupa-an,
fulness

forget-

ataS, OcCCUTS) |i

Sunds, Batagemd
Day.

bawang. Occurs in

Jav., Sund., Bat.

and Day.
sahaja
pikir-an, fikir-an.

(See Imagine)

Ed.

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY

English. Sulu.

Opium,

Oppose, to magato
Order, an * hikum
Origin *asal
Orphan yatin

Other ; another Y she
different ge

Our nadmu ; -mu
Out, outside hagoa
Out, From dain hagoa

Out, to Cast bigit
Wut to Cry tawak
Overboard nahog ; hagoa

Overflow, to maliput

Overgrown with rea
ee i hipu bagun

Owner dak

VOCABULARY. 197
Mesoe

eve ae (prepared
| opium), madat,
| (raw opium ).
= Jav.,) Soundavand
Mak., chandu ;
| Bat.,sandu; Jav.
| and Sund., madat

and Sund., hu-

\ "aed (Ay.).. Jav.
kum; Bat., ukum;

\ Mak., hukung ;

| Eas. jand,) Biss,

| hokom

agai, eh 2 eine:

1 ay ae

ae 2 SiGe
yatim

burit, the stern. Kw.,
wurt ; Jav. burt and

( burit

198 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.

Packing case tong
Paddle, to ma’bogsel
Pail, bucket baldi
Pain sakit
Pair, a limbang
Palace *astana
Palpitate, to midpit
Pan (iron) kaha
Papa, father ama
Paper *kartas

Parasol ; umbrella *payong

Parcel, a putus
Part, a *bhagian

Part to; cut in two sipakan

Part with, to take tulong

Partition ; wall *dinding

Matay.

(See Cask)

((See Bucket and

{ Note on p. 384)
sakit. Jav., Tag. and

| Bis., -S@k0p > iisaiee
sahit

astana (Pers.)t

Sales kertas ;
Mak., Zaratasa

{Nae Occurs in

j kartas (Ar.). Jav.and

Jav.; Sunas Dave
Tag. and Bis.

bahagi-an (See Dis-
tribute)

tulong, to help. Oc-
curs in) Java
Bug., Day., & Tag.
In Bis. tabang

dinding. Sund., Bat.,
Tag. andBis., ding-
ding; Mak.,rinring;
Day., dinding

+ Persian, astana, a threshold, a Fakir’s residence ; from Sansk.

sthana, place.—Hd.

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 199

English.

Partner

Pass by, to

Passage (through)

Paste ; cakes
Pawn, to

Pay, to

Pay wages, to

Pea ; bean,
Pearl
Peasant, a

Pedigree
Peel, to

Pen

Pepper

Perfect ; complete

Perhaps

Sulu.

*kéngsi
lAbei
maktul
bambang
senda

bayad

tandang
*kachang

mucha

*rajat

pangkat

paisan ; paisih

*kalam

*lada

*oanap

hatiko ; kalau kalau

Malay.
kongsi (Ch.). Jav. and

Sund., kongsz

sandar. Bat., sendor

bayar. Jav., Sund.,
Day. and Tag., da-
yar ; Mak., dayara;
Bis., dbayad
tandang, wholesale
kachang. Jav. and
Sund., kachang
mutia, mutiara
(Sansk., mutya)
ra.iyat: (Av.).7 .Jav-
and Day., rayat, the
household or re-
tainers of a chief
pangkat, rank
(See Skin)

Gieilam “(Ag.)... saives,
Sund. and Day..,
kalam; Mak., ka-
lang

ladda, “Occurs: -in
| Sund.. Bat...’ Mak.
and Tag.
ana
kalau-kalau

+ “In the Europeo-Asiatic jargon, ‘Rayah’ is the Turkish,

“Ryot’ the Indian, peasant; both, you would scarcely believe the
a of cacography, being one and the same Arabic word ra‘% yyat

” (Burton. Sind Re- “visited, I, 299.)

200 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu. Malay.
( waktu (Ar.). Jav. and
Period (time) loge; *waktu Sund., waktu ;
Mak., ‘ann
Permanent hawa
Perspiration hulas ; ulas

Pick, (to gather) pusid

( bélang. Jav., belang
and welang ; Sunde

a

Piebald lag and@ Daya belang ;
| Bat., dolang ; Mak.,
\ balang

IPICCE, 22 lone angutil kétul, a piece, lump

Piece (or cloth): tna b

bolt, a Spores

ier titian ; *jambatan (See Bridge)

Pig babui babi (See Hog.)

Pigeon asung

Pigeon (green) labtyu
Pigeon (large) bogdk

haji (Av). Jlaveand
Pilgrim *haji ; Sund., hajz; Mak.,
ajt
Pillar; post toko
Pillow dan
Pilot malim (See Mate)
( sepit, penyepit. Jav.,
sapit; Sund., zepat ;
Pincers gipit <° Mak. “and= @iuar
| stpt; Tag. and Bis.,
( sipit
: fay ( pisang, Tt banana. /d.
Pineapple _ pisang be ian and Day.
Pirate pangdérab
Fete ‘Ongak

+ Supposed to be derived from Sansk. pegangga, yellowish.

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCACULARY. 201

English. Sulu. Malay.
adamears 1 Occurs ain

2p SUNG, IAG. Ce

Pitch ; resin *dama Day. In Mak., Da-
mara
Pitch (at sea), to mdaglingan
Pitcher ; water-jar pluga
Place *tampat tampat
Place of, In gantiin (See Exchanged)
Place, to bitang
Plain, a; open 1 A eee (pantei, beach (See
ground P t Flat and Level)
(tanam. Jav. & Sund.,
| nanem (Jav., tanem,
Vanatk a jolleume))S IBeNes. 7
oe agus cab , ope sie, tannong;
Naa canine, Bis.
_ tanam
okok. Jav., Aokok ;
Plants poko a Bae ee p
Plate, a leil
Play, to (music) panaiam-naiam main (See Act)
Play, to (games) panaidm
Pliant ; flexible balioen
Plou h, a pearl- ;
geal ede e } bajak pala
Pluck Pies to laraitan
Plump ; fat matambok témbtin
Plunge in, to; dive lirop ; maklirop
Pock-marked pali-pangkut
Pocket bosah
Peet *pAntun fpantun, stanza of 4
U lines
Point (of land) tandok tanjong (See Horn)
tuju, to point, to aim;
Foime (ofa wea-') ,,,: tuntung. point of a
\staju oa a

pon, &c.)
tung tu ng

202 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY YOCABULAR.

English. Sulu. Malay.
rachin. Jav., rachun;
Poison *rachun Bat., rasun; Mak.,
rachung ; Tag., la-
son
Poisonous *bisa (See Deadly)
Poor miskin miskin (Ar.). Jav.,
miskin
“ramel. Kw., vamya ;
Pr eee Jav. and@ Sunde
opulons ae ramé ; Mak., rama-
( rama ; Day., rami
Pork unut babii daging babi
Portrait patah

Positive ; certain
Possess, to; have

banal taidad
aun

Post, a hag ; toko
Eoved anglit
Pour, to digangi

Powerful; muscular makissak

Pox, Small-

Practice, to; learn maksilei stlei

Bates Gia), to f Mns Moen oe),

pangkut

maraian
Prawn ; shrimp *idang udang ( See Lobster)
sambahyang.* Jayv.,
Pray, to *sambaiang { senate
Z) aes and Mak., semba-
( yang
Precede, to unahan
Precipice panpang
Pregnant burus
Gese mtd tandak
Present, to give, dutmchil
Previous muna ; tagna

* See note Journal Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society, No. 9,
page 65.

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 203

ow

English. Sulu. Malay.
Egice rate, halga harga (See Charge)
gees her ap- }eRajah ace Raja Muda

parent
Profit untong untong (See Fortune)
Prohibit, to liang larang
Promise *pajanjian per-janji-an
Promontory *tanjong tanjong (See End)
Proprietor dag |
Protect, to palihara (See Bring up)
Provide, to ; a Me
sakap
ready

Provisions latuhan
Proxy *wakil wakil (Ar.)
Prudent *bijak bijak
Pull, to; haul, drag héla (See Drag)
Pulley timon
Pulse, the badlap
Pump * pompa bomba (Port.)
Pumpkin ; calabash kalabasi ; * labu labu (See Gourd.)
Punish, to hukuman ukum. (See Order)
Puppy anak édu

Purchase, to; buy mi
manmose: imten=- ) x ar a
P ) Lx makstd

a i maksud (A,r.)
Pursue, to makirul
Push, to tiod
Put, to butang
more out, to; ne.
extinguish } ae
Put away, to pauk

Quake, Earth- linuk

Ret ies kentah, dis~tute. Kw
uarrel, to; fight bantal f ) cispute. Kw,
Quarrel, to; fig antah Ree caadan.

Quarter, a ongutut

204 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.
@uweer

Question

Quick

Quick ; swift

Quiet ; silent
Quiet ; calm
Quilt ; covering
Quit, to

Race ; running

Race ; nation
Rag

Rage (of Rajah)

IRaull Ale, 16O & BlowiseE

Rain

Rainbow

Raise, to; lift
Rake, a

Rap, to; tap

Sulu.

* héran

Asstuwuh

simut

Malay.

(See Astonished.)
ae (Ar) Oceuns
in Jav., and Day.

laju. Sunday Gants
us-us ; * laju ; Day., lau eam

dimuhtn

linau ; malinau ;
chiup

igan

* lumba

* bangsa
dagme

* moeka

vv ° A
maningat

* plangie
buat
kAs

tikul

lajzu, to follow.

lomba. Jav., dumba,
to rise up.
(See Family)

( murka. Jav., murka,
greedy, dissatisfied.

ujan and hujan. Jav.,
Audan ; Sund., hu-
jan; Bat., wdan;
Day.; ujan; Wage
and Bis., olan.

fpelangi. Tag. and

U Bis., dalanggao.

word sué voce Ham-
mer.)

{Nor ( Add this

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 205

English. Sulu.

Rape slagau

Rapid (of ye } matigda

or horses

Rare ; precious mahang
Rat ambau
Rattan whal

Ravenous ; hungry habdi
Raw; uncooked hélau

Read, to membacha
Ready paniapan

Ready, to Get maksapak
Reasonable aun sebab
Recede, to sagga ; sibtk
Recent bagu

Reckon, to itungan ; * bilang
Recognise, to kailah

Recollect, to * ingat

Recover, to } kAhAly

(from illness)
Red ; scarlet ; polah

Reduce, tolessen, kulangan

Reef ; rock ; takut
Reject, to bugit

Malay.

bachas Jan. ead
Sund., wacha ; Mak.
bacha ; Bat., Day.,
Tag. and Bis., dasa.
slap, ready; meny-
| lap-kan, to make
ready

baharu (See New)

itong and _hitong.
[tong occurs 1n Jav.,
Soiled. Make and
Day. (SeeCompute)

ingat. Jav., enget;
Sund. and Day.,
engat ; Bat., ngot ‘

Mak., :nga.

korang-kan (See
Less)

burit (See Out.)

206 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

Sulu.

English.

Relation, a; con-
nection

Relief ; help

* tulong
Religion

makandul

Rely upon, to

Remit, to; forgive * dmptnkan

Remnant kapin
Remote ; far; dis-) __.
meio
tant
INCMOVEs) EtOE
change the * pindahkan
place
Repay, to pakbaiyat
Reply, a dawa ; * jawab ;

Report, a ; rumour, ngawi
Represent, to; Upon:
complain 5
Representation, halav
Reprove, to manginduk

Repudiate, to ; } dtimenit tell ;

divorce
Reputation ngan
Request paangaioian
Require, to ; oan

lee mane d indbaiy’

want; like J

Require, to ; de- Ve eee
mand ;

Malay.

} taimanghad ; *kaum kaum_ (Azr.)

(See Part)
\ "Fons (Sans.)
FoundinJav.,Sund.,
Mak., Bug.and Day.

( ampun.

( See For-
U give)

(See Change)

(bayar (See Pay)
jawab (A;7.). Jav. and
| Sund., jawad;
Bat., majuwapkon,
to reply; Day.,7a-
wap (See Answer)

\

Sund., talak ; Mak.,

: talak. Jaye vamd
talaka ; Day., talak

tuntut. Jav., fut; fan=
tut, to follow

if
L

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Rescue, to

Resemble him, to

Reserve, to

Reside, to

Resign, to; give up,

Resin
Resist, to
Respect
Respectful

Rest, to; repose ;

Restore, to

Restrain, to

Result
Retain, to; keep

Retaliate, to

Retired ; secluded madtnia

Return, to;
go back

Reveal, to

; mantik ; * balik

207

Sulu. Malay.

Re Ree NA SAT rampas, to match,
Se Opals { plunder (See Booty)

sali sali dagbus-x7a

tauk
tinggal. Jav.. Sund.
* tingal | and Bat., tinggal;
Mak., t2nggala
maksérah (See Cede)
buliték
ato
makhormat (See Honour)
* stipan supan
malempan

dimehil balik
larang. Jav., /arang,
rare, /arangan, for-

laang bidden ; Sund. and
Mak., /arang ; Bat.,
rarang
* akhoenya akhir
sdgau
balas. Jav., wales;
Sund., dales ; Bat.,
ah balos; Mak., balasa;
balasin

\ Day., balek; Bis.,
| balas, to give back,
| dalus, revenge

balik. Jav., wadzk ;
Sund:, Bate ay..
Tag. and Bis., da-
lik ; Mak., dali

beita

208 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY .

English.

Revenue,

Reverse, to ;
change

Reverse ; quite

different
Revile, to
Revive, to

Revolt, to

Revolution

heavenly eliae

Revolve, to
Reward

Rheumatism

Rhinocero

Rib, a

Rice ; paddy
(unhusked)

Rice (husked)

Rice (boiled)
Rice (crops)
Rich ; wealthy

Sul.

ie
; ubahin

has ugeing

maksimut simut

* sedér

* drahka

} panauan

magligat
tangdan
* sengal

bukoeg rtsok

; pei

boghas

kauoenoen
pauotan
deigahan

Malay.
hasil. Jav. and Sund.,
asil

ubah (See Change)

sedar. Bat., sodar
derhaka. Jav., dura-
ka; Sund., doraka

sengal

badak. Jav. wadak ;
Sund., “Bats 7and
Day., dadak; Mak.,
bada

buku, joint; rusuk,
side; tulang rusuk,
rib. | Batti. vasa
Mak., vusu; Bis.,
gosok

wos ; Sund., deyas ;
Bat., doras; Mak.,
berasa; Day., be-
has; Tag. bias;

Bis., dogas

| béras. Jav., deras and
|
K

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 209

English.
Riches
Ride, to
Ridge of a roof
Right ; starboard
Right ; proper

Rigorous : severe
Rim

Rind ; peel ; skin

Ring, a

Ring, an Ear-
Ringleader
Rinse, to; wash

Rinse, to; steep
Riot, a
Ripe

Ripe, Over-
Ripe, Un-

Rise, to; get up

Rise, to; fly away

Sulu. Malay.
* kakayddan ka-kaya-an
tunggang. Jav., tung-
tungong | gang, to sit; Sund.,
tonggong, the seat
bibungAng bumbong-an and bu-
bung-an (See Roof)
patoh
meraad: © bende one Jav.andSund.,
ener
maturas (See Hard)
oe lip. Bat., dzbzr ;
* bibir | Mak., bibéré ; Bug.,
wrwe
pais
chinchin. Sund. ‘and
a ee Mak., chinchin ;
Bat.;s2us7n: Lag.
and Ba. singsing
bang subang ( (See Earring)
mads mads
ugdsi

dam ; Bat., rondam;
Day., randam
ma’hutru-hara (See Noise)
mahénutk
landok mahénutk

A A A vy A A
walla pa mahéntk

* randam

{aon Jav., vren-

‘ bangun. Jav., dangun,

| the latter part of the
* bangun - night; Mak., dan-

gung,togetup; Tag.

. and Bis., dangon
maglupat

210 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.
Rise, to ; shoot i
(as plants)
ise in) prices to
River
Road ; path
Roast, to

Rob at sea, to

Rob, to; steal

Robber, a; high- )
wayman S

Robber, a; pirate

Robber, a ; thief

Rock

Rod ; stick

ROS, Gleeie

Roe of fish

Roll up, to

Roll along, to

Roll (at sea), to

Roof

Sulu.

gumuah
matads halga
stibah

dam

% A A

* pangeang
makrompah
maktakan
tau sugarul

A A v uv
tau balangingi
: A A

tau maktakau
karang
* tongkat

* kejang

iklog sin ista

* guldng

* giling

malingan

Malay.

(naik harga (See
U Charge)
(See Brook)

Jav., Sundyiisaes
Day. and Tag.

me-rompak

yi Occurs in

karang. (See Crab)
(See Cane)

kijang. Jav., kidang ;
Bat., hijang

gulong. Jav., Sund.
and Mak., gulung ;
Bat., gulang; Tag.
and Bis., golong
guling. Jav., gamu-
| ling (guling a bol-
ster) ; Sund., gulding

( bubung & bumbong.

Bat., dbubung; Mak.,
bumbung ; Bug.,

, Sund., wuwung ;

*bimboéng ; atap < duwung; Tag. and

Bis., dobong; Jav.,

atep; Sund., ateup ;

Mak., ata 3 waise
|. atop -

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Roof of the mouth

Rook ; crow,

Room ; space
Room, a

Roomy

Root, a

Root ; origin

Root, to Take

Rope

Rotation, In

Rotten ; foul

Rotten; decayed ;
worn out

Rough

Round

t

Sle.

langit langit sin si-
mut

wak
*tampat

tambok

A A
lapang

AJ A J A ~~)
ma gantl gantl

halok
A oO]
mang

madakmul

|
|

Malay.

langit-langit ; mulut.
(See Heaven)
gagak. Jav. & Sund.,

gagak ;

[Ble eA
Mak., kala; Day.,
kak

(See Place)

lapang. Jav., /awang,

a door; ound... /a-
pang, waste land ;
Bat., apang, aroad ;
Bug., dampang

Akane GUNG aka
Bat. ghar; Mak.
aka

ber-akar

(See Exchange)

(kuliling, surround ;

* kélilung ; bulat ;
binta

:
|
|

L

bulat, round; bun-
tar-circular Sund:
kuliling ; Mak., ku-
fing, to return ;
Day., kuding, to be
surrounded. Jav.
eal | “SuiaGk. wae
face. Mak., bula;
Day., dulat

Ze ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Rouse, to; waken
Rudder

Rude; unman- }

nerly 5

Rule, to

Rump
Run, to
Run against,
to ; charge }
Run away, to ;
abscond }
Rush, a (plant)
Rusty, to Become

Sacrifice, to; }
slaughter

Sulu.

pukauin
* kamidi

wail adat

* mamarentah

* rantek
magmangi

S

simbe

Sad; sorry; difficult sisa

Saddle

Safe ; safety

pakol

*salamat

(salamat. (A7r.)

Malay.

kamudi. Jav., mudz;

Sund. and) Maks
kamudt; Bat., ha-
mudi

parentah, memaren-
tah. Jav. and Sund.,

parentah; Mak.,
parenta; Day.,
rentah

pérgi, pégi, mémégi,
to go.
rantik

(See Kill)
(See Care, Difficult)

Jav.
and Sund., salam ;
Mak., sallang ;

< Mak. & Bug., sada-

ma, happiness ;
Day., Tag. and Bis.,
| salamat

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 213

English.
Sago
Sail

Sail, to ; to make
sail

Sailor, a Foreign k’lasi

Sale by auction

Saline ; brackish
Saliva

Sallow ; pale

Salt
Saltpetre

Salutation
Salutation
(when meeting)

Salver of metal

Salver of wood

Sulu. sd ee

rambik (ee Bae and
Mak., rumbzya
layar. Jav. & Sund.,

lava layar ; Bat. & Day.,

yes rayar ; Tag. & Bis.,
layag
} maklaiyag ber-layar

j

* dulang

khalashi. Hind., £/a-
| fast from rs kha-
las

| Se (from Port.

leilao). Jav. and

* ATLA

mone Sund., /élang ;
Mak., le/ong

madasin masin

ldrat

puchat. Jav. puchet;
Sund., jpuchat;
Mak. , pucha ; Day.,
RAF

(See Brackish)
es Jav., senda-
wa ; Sund., eae
wa

salam

es-salam ‘aleikum
dasalaam mii 4] ae (Arv.), peace be on

Asin; a

*sendawa

ee Jav. & Sund.,
talam; Mak., fa-
lang ; Dag., talam

dulang. Occurs in

jav.. Sund:, Bat.
Mak., Day., Tag.,
and Bis.

214 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.
Same ; alike sali; sali sali
Same, It’s all the wai bida
Same as this, The sali sali yeto
Sample * chdnto
Sand bohangin
Sash round Oe oe

the waist } “oni
Satan chétan ; sétan
Satiated ; gorged kianstigan
Satiated; satisfied serang-na
Satisfaction ; re- ARS

eee } gantil

Satisfaction ars
masenang
content i
Sauce sabau
Saucer tapak
Savage, a tau katian
Savage ; fierce mangi butid

Save from, to Sn of
salamat

(danger)

Saving; except * malainkan
Saw, a gaugari
Sawdust apoknia
Say, I aku beita
Says, He ; said laung-nia

Say, That is to beheian

Malay.

(See Example)

(See Belt)
(See Devil)

(See Exchange)
(See Happy)

( tapak, palm of the

hand, sole of the
foot. - Jd. in wee
Sund. and Bat.

In Tag. and Bis.,
tapak, trace, track

(See Safe)

melainkan

gargaji. Jav., grajz;
Sund., vergaji;
Bat. and Make
garagajl

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.
Saying, a pakataania
Scab agaan
Scabbard; sheath tagoban

f Seald, to busogan

Scale (of a fish) hoindapan ; *sisek

* timbangan

Seales - for }

weighing
Scandal *fitanah
Scar tigbas ; nahia
Scarce mahunit kabaken
Scare, to daktoan
Scarecrow tabinian
Scatter, to
Scattered ; dis- t k

aukauun

persed

Scent ; scented mahmut

Scholar; scholarly mapandei ; *alim

Science elmu
Scissors *ounting
Scissors (for
katcht
betel-nut) 2

Scold, to makama
Scorch, to masunog
Seore, a; mark tandaan

Ma l ay .

a

per-kata-an

Bist, sestz > Mak.
CA

| Be Javs Bake and

(timbang, to weigh.
| Occurs. =n ‘Jay,
ound... bat; Mak.
Bug. Day: . Pac
. sand Bis.

{See Mischief)

mamudang ;subunganm. em-buang, to throw

ee ‘alim (A;.).
(See Clever, Learn-
ed)
(See Knowledge)

(gunting. Occurs in
Jay, <Sund)), 7 Bug,
+ Day. lae:. and

[ Bis. In Mak., gon-
ching
kachip. Jav.
Sund., kachip

and

tanda. (See Brand)

216 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu. Malay.
Score ; twenty } ae
(20)
Scorpion tangangang
Scour, to ; wash ; dakthkAn
clean
SCLAPe, Neo kagisan ; kiskisan kts ee ne

Scrape, to; grate liis
Scraper, a; grater ltisan
Scratch, to; claw makamdas

Scream, to maksilohwak
Sheen, a kulambu
Scrub, to koskosan
Scrutinize, to; RC A
: mamariksa
examine
Scuffle ; affray makalu

Scum; froth; foam bikal

L (See File)

kalambu, mosquito-
curtain.
Sund., kelambu ;
Bat., hulamobu ;

Jav.” ane

preksa, memareksa.
(See Inquire)

Scurf lisak
Scythe lalapa
Sea dagat darat, dry land
Sea-shore higat
Sea-sick mahélu
Sea-water tubig madsim ; dagat
4 pe a ee -agar ria
Sea-weed igi-dgi (a
~ ( chap.” (SeesBrama}

Seal ; signet

Seal, to
Seam, a
Seanch, £0

tembokan or kem-
bokan,a small basin;
kembok, a brass bowl
tumbok, to pound

tumbtkun ; *chap

maktumbuk
laupan
maklawag

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 217

English.

Season ; year

Seat

Seat, Take a

Sulu. Malay.
IMusiM. | Sunde and
: Day., musim ; Bat.,
musim < Sires .
musin and musim ;
( Mak., musing
iS ade ; fo)
lingkoran

lingkit-na

Second ; secondly karna

Second (of time)

Secret
Secretly

Section (of a

subject)
Sediment
Sedition

Seduce, to ;
astray

Seduce, to ;

deflower
See, to

Seed ; grain

Beck, £0
Seemingly

Seine,a (net)

circular

(to throw)
Seize, to ; catch
Seize, to ; hold

Seldom

A A
bagu bagu
bisara
hitapuk

A A
pasal
lubug :
dahulaka

et yr
sasat

A
makoe rg

kumita

* biji

A A A
maklawag
inlupa

pukut

laiat

(See New)

(See Chapter)

derhaka.{See Revolt)
( sesat, to go astray,

wander. Jav.,sasar ;
i Day., sasat

bij. Jav., w2z7z and
wijah; Bat. and

: Mak., da; Bug.,
| wija
rupa-nia

pukat. (See to Fish)

Ao “ Ak A E
SaQau , MAKSAQAU |

kaputi

mahtnet kabaken

Select, to; selected magpi

Selfish
Sell, to

tamaan
A v
pagbi

( pilih, memilih. (See
Choose)

tema‘a (Ar.) avarice

218

VIBE OSD.
SENG, bo
Send for, to
Semon ume
Sense ; intellect
Senseless; fainted
Sensible

Separate;to divide ;

Separate to; set V
aside

Sepulchre

Servant

SEINE) WO § WOK 7)
for Js
Set- out, to; start
SEL ull, WZ (OH)
Sultans) J
Seyon (7)
Seventy (70)
Sew, to
Sew up, to

Shade ; shadow

Shade ourself, to
Shake, to

Shake hands, to
Shaky ; loose
Shall

Shallow (depth)
Shamptonarerom
Shame
Shameless

Shape

Shares

Sulu.
parah
pakarian
yang maas
AN A

Akal

A A A
mapungung

aun sebab ; * biyjak

makbahaji

makbitas

* kibor

batak
maghinang iban
manau ; sung-na
mianau

pitu

kapituan

menhahé

tahék

lambungan
Vv SEA
similong
jug-jugaan
salaman
maghakul hakul
Le ;
mabaia ; sobei

hababau

ula-tla

masiptg ; sopan
wal sopan

ee

jines ; dagbus ;

* bhajian

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

Malay.

—

(See Capacity)
pengsan
(See Prudent)
f mem-bahagi. (See
Distribute)

(See Burying-place)
( batur. Jav.andSund.,
U batur

{inang, a female ser-
U vant

(lindong, sheltered.
U (See Darkness)

(See Safe)

olok-olok. (See Jest)
(See Respectful}

(jines Av.) See Kind)
(bahagi-an (See Dis-
U_ tribute)

ENGLISH,

English.
menare, to
Shark

Sharp

Sharp ; acid

_ Sharp; cunning

Sharpen, to

Shave, to
She ; her
Shed tears, to
Sheep
Eiicet,a (rope f{
of a sail) it
Shell of a nut
Shells (molluscs)
eelter, to ; protect

Shew, to

Saeld, a

Sait, tO; move

Shift, to ; change
clothes

Shine, to ; shining

Ship

Ship, Sailing
Shipwreck, a
Shiver, to
Shoal ; sand
Shoal ; rock

SULU,

Sulu.
makbahajian
kaitan
maheiit
maaslom
mapandei

bagungan
sia
maktangis
* birt-biri
"A A
jampong
ughob
bubu
silu ng
éndu
taming
v A A
pin dahé
gantil

masawa
kapal

kApal taidg

kapal ma’bug-bug

tandog
bohangin

A A
eusuk ; takut

AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

219
Malay.

mem-bahagi-kan

(See Apt)
asah. (See Grind-
{ stone)

(See Cry)
biri-biri

unjuk, ane,

unzpuUk

tunjuk.

(See Change)

é
\
i
:

Day., kapal; Bat.,
hopal; Mak.,kapala
kapal laiar

| kapal.* Sund. and

% Kapal in Javanese meams a horse (Favre Dict).

In Tamil

kappal signifies a ship or vessel (Caldwell’s Comp. Drav. Grammar,

481).

Which side of the Bay of Bengal borrowed from the other : 9

Kd.

220 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. SUS
Sliees tompa
Shoot with fire- } timbAk
AGEMIS Lee.) LO
Shore (of the sea) higat
Shore, a; prop sagnatan

Short mahopu
Shot; ball; bullet pdnglo
Shot, Small hambul

Shoulder abagha ; agaba
Shout, to maksualak
Shrimp tlang

Shuffle, to (atcards) b’lashahan

Shut, to tamboloen
Sieve, to * ajakan

Sigh, to napas

Silk sutla ; sutra
Silver ; dollar pilak

Simple ; easy bikun magstisa
Sin * dosa

Sinew, a ugat

Sing, to makbaat-baat

Malay.

terompah. Jay. and

| Sund., tarumpah,
slippers

tembak. Sund. and
Day., tembak ;
Mak. and Bug.,
temba

peluru (See Bullet)

Bat., sowara ; Mak.,
sara

ber-sorak. Jav.,
Sund., Batyieamd
Day., surak

| "Bat sea Jav and

(See Lobster)

sift. Jav. and Sund.,
ayak ; Mak., aya
(See Breath)
sutra. Jay game
Sund., sutvasabaee
suntora; Mak. and
Bug., suntara ;
Tag., sutla
perak (See Dollar)

("hie ayak, to

(See Commit)
(See Artery)

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. De

English. Sulu.

. A A
Singe, to nastnog
Single; unmarried * bujang

Single out to ; ar
choose } oe
Singular; curious jai
Sik, to ( of RR
wood, &c.) } ee
Sink, to (of boats) ltnot

Sirih leaf biyu
Sister magilang
mut, tO linkud
Sit, to; squat Rate ie
a : namilang
Six (6) * anam
Sixty (60) kaanaman
Skilful pandei
Skin ; peel pais
Skirt ; robe habul
Skull a bukoeg-sin-hoh
Sky langit

Slack off, to; Vy
pay out

Slacken, a ~ Pe Reare

iss)
—_

Malay.

bujang. Jav., wz-
jang, unmarried ;

bujang, a servant;
Sund:, Bat. and

Day., dujang

ajaib (47.)

ber-sila

anam. Jav., ezem; Bat.

and Bis., 070m; Mak.,
anang; Tag., anim

anam-puloh

(See Apt)

pais, to cook in a

wrapper of leaves

langit (See Heaven)

turut, to follow. Jav,.
Sunde and Bat.,
turut; Mak. turu.

cw)
Ci)
Ch)

English. Saee

Slap, to (in anger) maksdmpak

Slave iptin ; batak
Sleep, to tig ; matuk
Sleepy makiaro
Slow ; slowly inut-inut ; subul
Small Asivi
Smell, a mahmut
Smoke Asu
Smoke, to mee he R
angoptn

a pipe)
Smooth malanok
Small, Seas manangkal
Snake ; hads
Sneeze, to mamahanoen
Snore, to naghagong
Snout stingad
Snow * thal}

Snuff, to (acandle) pingan ; pateian
So ; therefore sebab yeto
So andso;justso Aamona

Soap * sAbun

Soil; earth; land ltpa
Sole of the foot pad-pad siki
Solid; firm; hard mattrads

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

Malay.

tampar. Jav. and
Tag., tampal; Bat.
and Day., tampar
(See Servant)

salju(Ar.). Jav., salju

sabun (A7)2 Milan
and Sund., sadun

(See Hard)

(See Kind)

nyawa. Occurs in

Some; a little tio-tio

Son Anak issak

SOMY 3 WOME § .
SA tingoeg

Sorly sad 5201 stisd; magstisa hate: (See Care)
rowtful JS

Sort, a us emis

Soul, the niawa

South selatan

Jav., Sundaes
and Bug.

selatan

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 223

English. Sulu. Malay.
South-east selatan-dia selatan-daya, S.S.W.
South-west barat-dia barat-daya, S. W.

tabur. Jav., fawur
and sawur; Sund.,

Sow, to sabutran 4 COO? § ISeNta, SOODIIA
Mak., taburu; Tag.,
sabog

Speak, to ; address bichara (See Case)

Speak, to; tell baita

(@enne fo peal ares,
trom: abode tow tie
shore

Speak, to; say laung

Speak, to; talka
language } pomon

Spear, a bayak

(Cchermime mata a (OCe

U Eye and Glass)
rampah-rampah.

Spice * rampah rampah | Mak. and Bug.,
VAMPAa-vampa

(laba-laba, lawa-lawa,

| and Jawah-lawah.

Jobat awa. Day,

\) lawa; Vag. Ja-

awa ; Bis., lava-

| lava

Spectacles * charmin mata

Spider lAwak

Spin, to; weave makhablun

Spine, the dan-dan-taikut

Spit, to lurat

Splice, to supatoen

Split, to sipakin sepak, to kick
foe and suduk.

Spoon, a siduk ; stdur Suns. Sse lave.
i suru, a spoon

224. ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.
Spotted palang
Spring tide bulagas
Squall ; storm hunus

Square ; square XcAovt
timber ; joists PES

Stab, to tagbakan

Stable bel kira

Stake, a (in the } highs
water)

Stand up, to tindig

Star bitoon

Sire ( tantang ; dung-

Ut dangaén

Starving; hungry habdi; yap-di

State ; country banua

Stay, to; wait; tagat tagat
remain

Steady ; firm dio-dio

Steal, to magtakau

Steam Asu

Steel kaha

Steep malud

SUSE, Ue mangabuli

Stench, a mabahok

Malay.

and Rainbow ),

| and (See Piebald
shaped leaf

Jav., pasag¢; Sund.,

{Mise and persegi.
persagt

(bintang. Kw. w7n-
| tang; Jav., dintang;
2 Sund., bentang ;

| Bat. and Day., d7n-
| tang; Tag., bitoin ;
| Bis., dztoon
(tentang, to look at;
{opposite

(See Country)
(See Smoke)

bau. Sundiisame
Mak. and Bug.,
bau; Tag., baho, to
stink ; Bis., daha,
a smell

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.

Stern of a boat habiali
Stick, a tongkat
Still; quiet dahoeng
Still-born midtei
Sting kit-kit
Stingy mahikut
Sir, to -(in ane

cooking) ore
Stomach ; belly tian ; tiaun
Stone * batu
Stone of a fruit bigi
Stone, Precious ~*~ parmata
Stool ; chair chiér
Stoop, to dungtk
Stop till come tagari aku
Stop, to; hinder langin
Stop, to; ee

Meerciblend p DoCttkoen
Story, a; narrative makésa
Stout ; robust; fat matambuk
Straight matolid
Stranded sagnat
Strange djai
Stream ; river stibak

Stream, to Go up matu pa hoh sibak
Stream, to Go down mwik-na ; mwi-na
Street daan

225
Malay.

(See Cane)

‘giling, to grind, to
a tuen. | ‘Oecursecim
javes: (Sund.. Bat.
| Mak., Day. and
Tag.
(batu. Java., watu;
Sund.. Bat. -Miak-,
4 Bus. and= Day,

batu ; Tag. and Bis.,
bato
biji (See Seed)
permata (See Gem)

(

késat,
(Ar.)

tembun

kisat, kissat

(See Singular)
(See Brook)

226 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.
Strength makoesoeg
Strike, to paluan
String ; rope lubit ; lubik

Strip, to; naked maghobu
Stroke, to eloegoeng
Strong; manly ;) aaNieelk

brave 5)
Success mauntong
Suddenly sav kali
Sugar sukal
Sugar-cane tobu
Suicide pateian digi
Sulphur malang
Stueaaner; — Cliry

pangau

weather é
Summit pataun babau
Sun shégra

Sun, to Dry in the tbarwan

Sunrise gumwa in shégra

Malay.

Sund., palu, ham
mer ; ' paluan, to
strike ; palu, to beat
a musical instru-
ment; Tag. and

Bis., palo.

(palu. Java, gaze
|
:

co

f untong, ber-untong.
(See Fortune)

(sa kali) onceyicali,
time. Sund’iamd
Mak., alc baw
hale
shakar and sakar

t (ens)
tebu. (See Cane)
bunoh diri @z¢. kill
self. Dzrz is found
in Sund:, “Batyeane
Day.

(balérang. Jav. and

| arsiuual,, walirang ;

a; Bats baréré ; Mak.,

|

| baliran, warang,
| warangan, arsenic.

kamarau

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 227

English. — Sulu.
Superior ; better laudok maraiyau
Ppourt ma’altin

Surgeon; doctor tau mangobat

Bese, 10; } kiAblaAn
startle

Surround, to malibut

Swagger, to mahibaht tuud

Swallow, to toenoen

Swear, to; take an RN TON
sapah ; maksapah
an oath

Swear, to; curse maksimut simut

Sweat hilas

Sweat, to huilasan ; tldsan
Sweep, to maksapu
Sweeper, a; broom sapthan

Sweet maimu

Sweet potatoes ivi

Sweetheart makasih
Swelling, a; *° Lhamabag
swell
Swift ; fast simut ; ma’simut
Swim, to maklangoi
Swim, to; float lalantuk
Swim in the
head, to ;
Swing, to makdingdang
Swing, to (at | mabing

anchor)

} kiagdang sin salak

Malay.

(tukang ubat. (See
U Medicine)

(sumpah. Jav., Sund.,
| Bat. and Day., sum-
4 pues Wiley. leiwes,
| Wace ancl IIS. Guim.

pa

sapu (See Broom)

ubt, Day., owt,
Tag. and Bis., od7.
kakasih (See Love)

{a Jav., wwz; Bat.,

dondang, to rock

228 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu.

+

Table lamisahan
Tack, to (at sea) makbilok

Tail, a ikog

Take, to
Take, to; accept taima

Take, to; receive sdgouan
Take, to; snatch hawdasen
Take back, to
Take away, to kawakana
Take care, to dio-diou
Take heed, to * Ingat
Take hold, to kaput
Take prisoner, to siagkan

Take up, to; lift angkatoen

Tale. 4 * kissah

alismaanyecd

Talk, to; address ;

discuss magbichara
Talkative
‘Well hataas

kawak ; kauwa

kauwa makbalik

tangkal ; * dzimat

maksimut-simut

Malay.

belok (See Abeam)
“ekor, Baty cece
Mak., zngkong ;
Day., thon; ae
and Bis., zkog

Mak., Bug. and
Day., tarima

i trima. Jave) (Sumer

(See Recollect)

(ae Jav., Sand

and Day., angkat
(See Story)
tangkal, ‘azimat(A7.).
Sund., tangkal,
abode of a deity ;
Bat., tangkal

} (See Case)

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 229

Sulu.

English.

_ Tambourine * géndang

Tame * jinak

Target, a; mark sasar

Tarnished wai chahia
Taro ( caladium
esculentum) upi
Taste, to; try stlei stlei
Teach, to mangaji
Teacher * giru
Tear, to gisik
Telescope toldmpting
Tell, to; relate _—ibeitai
Temper ; disposi-
tion parangai
Ten (10) hangpo

Term, For what pilah mogei
Terms, On what biddin pajanjian

Terrified mabuga ; habtiga ;
Than dau

That ; those yéto

iar, ini order sobei

That which béhar

Theft tidkauadn

Their kanilah

Then ; next obtis yéto
Thence dari ditu

Malay.
gendang. Jav. and
| Sund., kendang ;
Bat., gondang ;
Mak., ganrang ;
\ Day., gandang

(qinal, Jd. in’ Jase,

U Bat. and Day.

sasar, SaSar-an

(See Bright)

ubi (See Sweet Po-
t tatoes)

(See Learn)
(See Instructor)

gesek, to rub, scrape.

Sund., gzszk
téropong

: (See Disposition)

( See Agreement )

itu.. Jav., zw; Sund.,

tu

lepas itu, after that
deri situ

230 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.
There ditu
There ! na!
Therefore yato
These ian
They sila

Thick (clothing) dakmul

Thick (ropes,
needles, _fish-

hooks) maaslug
Thief, a tau sugarul
Thigh pah

Thin (clothing) = manipis

Thin (ropes, need-

les, fish-hooks) menahut
Thin ; lean makaitg
Thine ; your mu ; kaimu

Thing ; article barang barang

Think, to pikil

Winnecl, dass umes lkatto

Thirsty mahapts ; yihau ;
Thirsty, Blood- mabingis

Thirty (30) katluan

This am

Thorn, a tunuk

Thou ; you ikau

Malay.
situ
nah!

paha
[nipis, tipis, mipis
and mimpis. Jav.,

< vipis ; Baty lag:

and Bis., nipts ;
Mak., mzpisz

|

te

\ halus ( See Fine)
mu, kamu

(barang. Occurs in
| Jav., Sundiae eat

< &Mak., Day., dara;

| Tag., dalane aise
| botang
(See Imagine)

(See Cruel)

int... lave, ea oo
mya; Mak., anu

unak
angkau, dikau

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 231

English. Sulu.

Thousand (1,000) ongibu

Two thousand
(2,000) dua ongibu

Ten thousand

(10,000) sa’laksa
Thread saban
Threaten, to hinang maguba
(iiree (3) to
Three-quarters to éngkasipok
Mirice kato
Throat ; gullet goengoen
Throat ; neck litg
Throw, to; throw

away bugit
Thumb bakul
Thursday adlau ‘hamis
Tide agat
Tide, Ebb- ihane
Tide, Flood- taub
Tide rip altin

Tie, to; make fast ikoetoen

Tiger halimau

ates

ee nbs. Wave Newer
Sund., eww and
| rebu; Bat. and Day.,

~ rtbu; Mak. and

Bulge esc. balor
and Bis.,/zd0 ; Malg.

ariwu

‘laksa. Jav., J/eksa ;

Sunds. Daysavbac
4 and Bes., laksa ;
[ bate, Tne Vitale

/ pe

leher

; (See Out)

( hari khamis (A7.).
Jav., kemis; Mak.,
t kamist

fikat. Tag. and Bis.,
« gakot (See Fasten)
( harimau. Kw., 772-
~ mong; Bat., arimo;
( Day., harimaung

232 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English. Sulu. Malay.

(kayu. 7d. inlae

Timber ; wood ; | Sund., Make fama

tee kahti < Day. Bat. hayu ;
| Tag. and Bis., 4a-
_ hong
Timid; frightened mabuga
Tired hiapus
To kan
To (motion) pa
Tobacco (Chinese) hun
Tobacco (for chew-
ing) biunkal
Toe f sikit
Toe, Great- bakul sikit
Tomb kubul f kubur (See Burying-
t_ place)
‘To-morrow kinsim

To-morrow, Day
after- kunisa s tee
‘lidah. Jav., Zdah ;
Bat., dla; Mak.
Tongue, the dilah | and . Bugs ee
Day., jela; Max
\ and Bis., dzla

Too; also isab
Too; excessively ;

very landuk
Tooth ipoen
Tooth, Eye- tango
Teeth, Front- ipoen

Tooth, Grinder- bugdéng

Teeth, to File the lagnas

Toothache mangilt

‘Yoothpick tinga

Top (ridge) of roof bubingang bubungan (See Roof)

ENGLISH,

English.

Top ; cover
Tortoise-shell

e-Fow, to

Town
Trousers

True ; quite so
ronk : box
Try, to

Turban; handker-

chief

Turn, to; return

Turn, to; roll over

urtle, a

Tusk of a boar
Twelve (12)
Twenty (20)
Twice

Twine, to; twist

Twine round, to ;

wind

Twins

bunal ; * boenar
bililang

stlei stlei

pus

makbalik

bing

piokan

taling sin babui
hangpo tag dia
kauhan

kadtia
maghibid

sumolig

makumbar

SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 233
Sulu. Malay.
lohér
sisip sisip. (See Scale)
(tunda. Sund. and
| Day., tunda ; Mak.,
aan | tonda; Bug., tonra ;
ean ae) and Bis,
| tondaan, taken in
| tow
vanua (See Country)
saluar (Pers. shalwar)
saruwal (Ar.
lalwu ; sawal

wal; Bat., sarawar,

Mak., saluwara
benar (See Lawful)
(See Box)

/

and

| Sirwal). Jav., seru-
S

balik. (See Return)
penyu. Jav., penyu ;
Sund., pznyu ; Bat.,
ponu ; Mak., pan-
nyu; Tag., pagong
tarang. Bat., faring

kadua, second

Javc and
| kembar ;

< Bat., hombar,; Mak.,
| kambara; Tag.,

| kambal

( kembar.
Sund.,

234 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

Two (2)
Both

Udder, an
Ugly

Ulcer
Umbrella
Uncle
Unconscious

Under

Understand, to

Undo, to
Unfold, to;
Unreasonable
Unripe
Unknot, to

Sulu.

diroh

mangi dagbus
puru puru
“~ A

payous
amakan; amaan
naptinin
kabawah

makahati

how6ri

unfurl hukapin

wali sebab

walla pa mahénog

ubaran

Untangle, to; clear nagloemoen

Until

Up ; above
Upright
Upside down
Urine

Us

sumampel
pataas ; hatas
tinduk
toengkioen
mihi

kAmi

Malay.
dua. . Kw., duwi ;
Jav., 70.3) Sands
| Bat. and Bug.,
duwa,; Mak., ruwa,;
Tag., dalawa ; Bis.,
deha ; Malg., rua

puru

payong. (See Parasol)
bawah. Mak., rawa

mengarti (See Com-
prehend)

atas (See On)

kami. /d. in -Sund.
and Bis. Bat. hamz

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 2390

English.

Vegetables

Vein, a
Verandah
Very ; too

Village

Vinegar

Violate, to ; ravish

Virgin

Visit, to
Voice
Volcano
Volume ; book
Vomit, to

Wag the tail, to
Wages

Waist, the

Wake (another), to
Wake (oneself), to

Walk, to
Wall, a

Want, to; wish for

- Wares
_ Warm ; hot

Sulu.

V

pantaan ; hagoa

Malay.

f sayur. Jav. and Sund.
sayur,; Day., sayor

(See Artery)

huid ; landik ; toed ;

* kampong

sukak

dakupun

darah

tumibau

suala ; tingoeg
boat nalungkag
sulat ; strat
makstkah

mahauut
A

pukauutn
batik
panau
dinding ; sumau
mabaia
indapopah

Seale
mapasso

kampong. /d. in Jay.,
SwinGls, Wiel, arricl
Day. Bat. tampung;,

( Tag., kampun
( chuka. Sund., chuka;
Tag. and Bis., suka

dara (See Maid)
suara (See Shout)

surat (See Book)

fea Jav. and Day.,
gajth; Sund. and
Mak., gajz

eae (See Parti-
ion

230

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY

English. SLT.
Wart, a ogud
Wash clothes, to daktakan

; maigo ; mégo ;
Wash, to ; bathe See eeahe
Wash, to; clean —_ tigasi
Watch, to kita kita
Water tubig
Wiatens(Salivor a) |) joe ae
rackesl) tubig maasin

W aterfall tubig maholog
Watermelon timdan
Wave, a bombang
Wave, to maguyan
Wax talu
Ware man= Atih
Waylay, to tapok
We; us kamu
Weak ; feeble kaiahtin
Weary mahapus

Weather side, the maabal
Weather side, to) Sai.
be on the if pails

VOCABULARY.

Malay.

\ mandi, Sund., mandi

( timun and mentimun,
cucumber, Javeqee
mun and ketimun;
Sund. katimun and
hantimun ; Bat.,
ansimun, Day.,tan-
timun,; Tag. kati-
mun

ombak, gelombang.
Jav. and Sund., om-—
bak ; Bat., umbak ;
Mak.and Bug., dom-
bang; Tag. and Bis.,

_ hombak

( eoyans Occurs in

Jav., Sund., Mala

\ Day, andiBic.

4
|
L

)

kami (See Us.)

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 237

English. Sulu. Malay.
Weather, to pasoengen
Weave, to maghabloen
Wedding, a magtiain
Wednesday adlau abaa hari arba‘a (A;.)
juma‘at (4;.). Jav.
Week, a jumaat andSund., jamahat;
Mak., zuma
Weep, to maktangis (See Cry.)
Weights batu batu (See Stone.)
Me ee (barat (See North-
West barat ; bagat 1 west)
West, North- hilaga ; habagat
West, South- barat dia barat daya
Wet mabasah (See Moist)
When kaono
aie (ikatikes time. glsate
When, At the time kotika yeto Mee stiba Way Pei
Where hadiin ; hariin

Whet, to asaoen (See Grindstone)
Whichever ; t seein

S10 S10

whoever
Whip, a lalagut
Whip, to lagtitun
Whistle, to magtaghti
Who S10
Whose siu; kiusiu
Why meita
sumbu. Occurs in

Wick, a sumbuhin lay) Sunde esate

Mak. and Day.
/luas and lawas. Jav.
and Sund., /awas

Wide; spacious miéaliids . {length of time) ;
Bat., /awas ; Mak.,
luwasa
Wide ; broad lébag lebar

238 ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY.

English.

—=—

Widow ; widower

Wite

Wife, Divorced
Win, to

Wind

Window

Wine

Wing, a
Wink, to; wink
Wipe up, to

Wire

Wit

With
Withered
Witness
Woman

Wood ; timber
Wool

World, the

Wound
Wound, to
Wrangle, to
Wrap up, to
Wreath, a
Wrestle, to
Wring out, to
Wrist, the

Sulu.

tN A
asava
bituanan
himapus
a A y

angin

v A A
panandanwan

KA A
ang gor

pik pik
kundataun
sapoin

* kawat

* Akal
iban
kumolts
* saksi
babai
kahti
bulbul

* dunia

palih
palioen
magsagak
ptutos
majuntig
magsuntog
tabiran
tataglaian

Malay.
balu. Occurs in Bat.,
Mak., Day., Tag.
t and Bis.

(See Breeze)

anggor. Jav. and
Sund., anggur ;
Mak., anggoro ;
Day., anggor

(See Broom)

kawat. Jav., Sund.
| and Day., kawat ;

Bat., hawat

(See Capacity)

saksi.

(See Attest)

kayu. (See Timber)

dunia (Av.). Jav. and
Sund., dunya ; Bat.,
domtiya ; Mak.,
duntya

ENGLISH, SULU, AND MALAY VOCABULARY. 239

English. Sulu. Malay.
Write, to makstrat Ge oe See
Wrong ; fault sak (See Blame)

¥

ubi; kentang (See

Yam ipi; kantang a ae Potato)
Yawn, to mtingiawan
fahun. ~ Jav. ‘Sune:
Year, a Angkatahin ee are
tanug ; Tag., taon
kuning. Jav. and
Yellow bianing es pms an,
kunyt
Yes hoo
Yesterday kahaptn

Yesterday, The ta WA

day before a 7
Yesterday morning kahaptin mahimaat
Yesterday evenin eae a

2 8 kAvii ;

Yet, Not walla pa ; dipa
Yield, to; submit diog-na
Yolk of an egg polah-polah

You *kau; kamu; ikau angkau, kamu, di’kau
Young (animal life) batak
Young (fruit) barak

Your kaimo ; -mo

RAJA DONAN. AYP

STS prere AF oy pl deS 5 925 ghyi Ge dg) Gls lege pte!
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Aw RAJA DONAN.

Sf:

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RAJA DONAN. AP
SUS Sop) Ba al 5 Si cthehbe erat cslyn MAS A Seo
EWE prs oh d dy Se eal Ney Gee (oye
pysh She hyd Thy del Sass oye gyda shot Thy Skee
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A\ RAjA DONAN.

os we CSS dyno BY»! Nd ated yt shadaly Spgs p Lad oe
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RAJA DONAN. AY
qed yd wld ol sys S93 al yas dul 1,5 aya) wld gb) 8S
ces hdS UY oy yd ohydch She gyle SAS Baws ali
casks IS he eae y) Sym ols cole hye gal stg
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v4 RAJA DONAN.
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pile FS GAS) See “ey shes a oi dQ 5X5 >) oa
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RAJA DONAN. VA

ek 8 IS Nf se oly Glos caytel SI
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pile dagi Coyle degli Ill eal Sy gadgs ah ete IUI,8
PAE eyed OSes el SIO IBS PESEN Tal) VAR ays ab he
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WV RAJA DONAN,

Eyeel ese cay ols gyre Va lane dys ee orSad roe
eee Vs a coos SH 5 Wea Rinnd 9! ee Re
op phys cs ySi5 Ree wos Sh gl gladly a&ey Rw
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Vyas orSed eb ord jx ce S| 9,0 wg? wos ev he cs |

RAJA DONAN. v4
Ser Wyle oy 9d ied cl She SI rhyaSy shld Gory dil
sf co yss oe She di) eo SNK sho ics one
ys etl csyS pls Pers! 898 GS SDF obs ch a)!
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ay plss pdyey old Gla bl py yey asaya
Je ys pene g deve 3) oe" dare) y! yd vy Soe ro) che
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se card gh gSS Se = oxsKnee gdp pete»:
P yet! is. oes ae JM) alle ik Baw oteBy! Sh ol ~
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se os ole gee call Kad ely Sai sold yews
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Perey eke al SS ads y us 2 Deslieys
PS We ere Thy QksSabd GaP Kad ely Ghd aS by

ve RAJA DONAN,

oes oo oe be ols P esto je le pile de 93 op > de 93
aS gly Ae old lho blal She GI ali ppb yy JR
oil CESS bl ys ete oa Core) Ppmsey 9 je SAS date} 5! 9
csd'® Shyer ka) Symel Coe coy ole gE yhsSo Guan
Kai gdlyd 5S Kad ab ol sry lS carpe! Os
RED ple» WS Ene otady! Shs cel why ee ghle ih
cath gd! yd yahQns ne che pile deol syl> densi cghhes
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Syd Aa ghd PaXd gee yt oy 9 Syged coy) dere boyd STS
JK comtl Syped V3 She hyd Th Sad tl gees

ols pis E> ype BRD Bee oleeSy ol ne
lho3 Appl cele ch Kile Aiding Sym, ope

RAJA DONAN. vie
eb dydle le sel oy Sys Sy gre 9S] dhe oh} rs Vos dl
ALL S53 ys &S Wigs alle) sol BMS gard Stes PS hyd
+ e : 2 2 4 & os
dS S} la. cows | Rus a) 9} clin Sec so 3 Ske dS
EBS Sno gerd SES HEI SI lyaSy hs ghyd ch de
gybs slo GIES aS Cy yaSd EybS Qld QSadeyh td 5h)
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pees eab yl she Haas sh a) 9) ys eels Sgn ad SS 5

eee ee PON ACN.

[The Malay text of the following story, which is printed in the vernacu-
lar in this No. of the Journal, has never before been committed to writing.
It is one of the cheritras which have been taken down verbatim from the lips
of Mir Hassan. See Journal No. 17, p. 87.—Ep.]

= NCE upon a time, there was a very powerful King who
KE) \was called Raja BESAR; his consort was called Princess
WY LINDONGAN BULAN, and the name of his kingdom was
MandiAngin. He hadall that the monarch of a great kingdom
ought to have—chiefs and ministers, warriors, soldiers and
subjects, a fortified capital with a palace in it, and inside the
palace a complete array of attendants, maids of honour, and
officers in waiting. He was unfortunately childless, and so, of
course, the one desire of himself and the Princess was to have a
sonandheir. They made vows at shrines and gave alms to the
poor and presents to religious men, but it was not until the
King had been on the throne for seven years and nine months
that, to his great joy, it became apparent that the Princess
was enceinte. She was three months advanced in her preg-
nancy when the King summoned his astrologers, seven bro-
thers, to divine whether the unborn infant would be a boy or
a girl and whether it would be fortunate or unfortunate. The
attendants got everything ready for the ceremony—a large wax
candle, holy water, parched rice, yellow rice, white cloth, and
a small platform, sitting on which the diviners would become
entranced. ‘This done, the astrologers performed their incan-
tations, commencing in the evening and going on until day-
break, when they emerged from the coverings with which
they had enveloped themselves. By this time, they had
become aware, through their mysterious art, and by indications
the secrets of which had come down to them from their fore-
fathers, that the expected infant would be a prince, and that
he would be possessed of extraordinary qualities (¢ter-lalu
besar tuah-nia menurus sampet ka langit yang ka-tujoh lapis
dan ter-séndam ka bawah sampet ka batu hampar tuah-nia).

242 RAJA DONAN.

But these astrologers were inwardly hostile to the King, and
they said to themselves ‘if we declare that the prince will be
fortunate, the King will get rid of him; we had better say that
there will be a curse upon him.” Having resolved on this,
they threw off their wrappings.

Then the King asked them the result of their divination,
and with much apparent hesitation the traitorous astrologers
delivered the false opinion they had resolved on. The infant,
they said, would be a prince, but he would be possessed by
every kind of evil influence, and any kampong or town in
which he lived would come to harm. The King, on hearing
this, remained silent and seemed to be deep in thought, and
the false prophets took their leave.

Next day the King summoned a single old astrologer, and
called upon him to prognosticate the future of the unborn
prince. The old man was blind and deaf and infirm, and, when
all the preparations for the ceremony of divination had been
made, he made his way slowly with great difficulty into the
hall where it was to take place. He was furious at having
been sent for, and swore roundly at the Raja (behind his back)
for the trouble he was put to. Some maids of honour over-
heard the expressions used, and teased the old man by pretend-
ing that they would go off and tell the Raja, and great amuse-
ment was caused when the terrified old man seized the end of
the robe of one of his tormentors and vowed that he would
marry her and so reward her, if she would not tell the King
what he had said. They all laughed so loud that the King
came out. Seeing the old astrologer, he called upon him at
once to commence his divinations, which accordingly went on
from sunset to daybreak. At the conclusion of the ceremony,
the old astrologer announced that the infant would be a prince,
that the pumee would be gifted with every kind of fortunate
quality, and that, if he reached the age-of seven years, the king- .
dom would attain an unheard-of ‘degree of prosperity, while
the people would be peaceful and successful. “This is alto-
gether different,’ said the King, “from the prognostication
pronounced by the seven brethren.” “I,” answered(theyole
man, ‘am blind and deaf and of failing memory, but in all
that concerns the prince, your Highness | may rely on what |

RAJA DONAN. 243

say.’ Then the old man took his leave and departed.

From'the seventh month to the period of the Princess’ con-
finement, there were great rejoicings and festivities. Labour
lasted for seven days and nights, and, at last, on the eigth day,
in the middle of a fearful storm of wind and rain, thunder
peoeeheniae, the Princess gave birth to a son. ‘The
infant dropped to the floor and disappeared into the earth,
which, however, vomited him forth again, and he reappeared
seated ona cushion, and with him a sw rord, a hen's egg, a krvs,
a lela (swivel gun), a flute, a piece of scented wood for burn-
ing, and some incense. This mightily astonished all the
nurses and attendants, and the tidings were borne to the King.
He, influenced by the forecast of the seven lying astrologers,
would not permit the child to be brought into the palace, but
directed that he should be taken to the river-side and placed
in a ricketty old boat with a broken oar and set adrift on the
river. He also directed prayers to be read and a ceremony
performed to avert evil. The child was duly washed and the
umbilical cord cut, he was then wrapped in swaddling clothes,
and carried down to the boat by one of the midwives. A
kajang was placed over himasan awning. ‘The Princess wept
on being told of the disposal of her baby, and she made her
handmaids prepare a box containing every kind of garment
that the child would want, anda large basket (tadaz) full of all
kinds of food, and these she sent down to the boat asa provi-
sion for the castaway. This done, the boat was set adrift on
the river of Mandi Angin, and the King had special ceremonies
performed (aruah dan mem-bacha segala doa penolak bala)
and directed cannon to be fired as a token of j joy at having
averted evil from the kingdom.

Now, the King had an Bide: brother called BANDAHARA TUA
who lived at the mouth of the river. He, one day, was sitting
with his wife at their house, when he heard guns firing at the
town up the river, and he said to himself “Sure enough it
has come to pass that a Prince has been born and they are
firing guns in token of rejoicing at ridding the kingdom of a
curse. How can any one, having just experienced the joy of
paternity for the first time, have the heart to cast his new-born
son away, just because a lot of seers and astrologers choose

IAA RAJA DONAN.

to tell him something?’’ Pondering in this way, he made his
way down to the private landing place, and there he prayed
that God Almighty would direct his new-born nephew to
him. A whole day and a whole night did he wait there on
the watch, and about noon on the second day he saw a boat
(kakap) coming down the river. Then again he prayed ‘‘O
God, O Lord, may it please thee to cause that boat to come
to my landing place!’’ No sooner had he uttered this prayer
than the boat came down with extraordinary swiftness and
ran alongside of his steps (datang me-lenggang-kan haluan-
nia pada tangga gambatan itu). Down went the Bandahara
to the boat and forthwith entered the cabin. The boat in-
stantly floated out into the middle of the stream again, but tha
Bandahara was much too busy covering the infant with
caresses to observe this. When eventually he started to
carry his nephew on shore, he found, to his astonishment, that
he was out of sight of his home, being in fact some way out at
sea. Resigning himself to the will of God, he made up his
mind that nothing but death was in store for them both, but
the boat kept on her way, never stopping in her course day or
night and no disaster happened to them. In this way a year
went by, and the child, at the end of that period, was able to
talk, and gave himself the name of RAJA DONAN.

One day RAJA DONAN told his uncle to let go the anchor,
so that they might rest for a while, there being no wind; this
was accordingly done, and there they lay for everso long rock-
ing about gently. One day the BANDAHARA, at his nephews’
request, climbed up to the look-out place (¢7mjar-an karang)
to satisfy the latter, who had a presentiment that some danger
was threatening them. North, South and East were carefully
scrutinised, all was clear in those quarters; to the West the
BaNDAHARA thought he saw a something; it wasn’t an is-
land, and it wasn’t anything floating; nor was it a cape or
atown. At last he made it out to be a forest of masts like
a grove of cotton-trees (lampak putith memutth cherapong
mariam tiang laiar ber-sungit-an saperti dusun kabu-kabu),
and then a fleet of ninety-nine ships led by one very large
one, all equipped for war. RAJA DONAN was down below
when his uncle brought him the news and warned him to

RAJA DONAN. 945

prepare for death. By mutual consent, RAJA DONAN proceed-
ed to put on the magic garments which his mother had sent
on board in a box, which he always kept at the head of his
bed. Gr-r-r went the key as it grated in the lock, cr-r-r
creaked the hinges as the lid was raised;* then the magic
clothes were taken out and put on one by one, trousers and
girdle, Arzs and jacket, skirt (sarong) and turban.t+ When
RAJA DONAN was dressed, he girded on his sword,—

pedang janawi jantan

mata-nia sa-lebar daun padi

pedang ber-sama-sama jadi dengan tya-nia—
(“‘a straight sword of the kind called janawz, the blade of
which was of the breadth of a leaf of rice; the sword which
had been supernaturally produced at the time of his birth”’)
and he went on deck and walked about in his finery, and his
old uncle’s heart was heavy within him and his tears fell as
he watched the boy and thought of what might befall him.

All this time the fleet was approaching. It was the fleet of
RAJA CHAMAR LAUT of Mundam Batu, who was on board the
leading ship—the Bzdurz. When he espied the prahu of RAJA
DONAN (the Bunga Rampei or “ mixed flowers’’), he ordered
some of his people to board her and enquire where she came
from, where she was bound for, how many persons she carriedf
what was the name of her commander, what merchandise she
had on board, why she was waiting where she was, and did
her crew know the customs, observances, language and reli-
gion of ‘‘the men of the sea” (orang laut).

Some idea of the size of the Bzduri may be formed from
the fact that the galley which was lowered to take the officer
who was sent on this mission was of seven and a halt koyans
burthen and was manned by forty-four rowers! To the sur-
prise of the officer when he approached the Bunga Rampfei,
he saw no one but apretty child. To RAJA DONAN, therefore,
he put the questions which he had been ordered to convey.

* Ber-kerut bunyi kunchi, ber-kernyut bunyi tudong.

7 The original raconteur repeated, in the description of RAJA DONAN’s dress
almost the whole of the lines already employed in another story in describing the
dress of SRr Rama. These I have suppressed to avoid repetition.

246 RAJA DONAN.

‘“This boat,” said RAJA DONAN, “has come from the country
of Mandi Angin,
deripada bendang yang tiada ber-batas
ayer yang tiada ber-tkan
tampat si-longkang ber-bunyt malam
tampat siamang minum ber-gantong
tampat chinchilt ber-ulang mandt
tampat orang yang makan paku kamahang
from the rice-fields where are no embankments,
from the waters where no fish are ever seen,
a lonely place where the ape howls nightly,
where the gibbon swings himself down to drink ;
a place haunted by the chinchili bird which bathes there
unseen,
inhabited only by people who live on fern-shoots.”’—

“Thence it is that I come, and I have no purpose of going
to any fixed destination, but am driven to wander on the sea
by evil fortune. As for cargo, there are a few lengths of cot-
ton-tree trunks and a case or two of carroway-seeds and
some oranges;* also one &rzs with a waved blade, and one
straight sword (janawi jantan). Master, mate, steersman,
supercargo, boatswain and crew are represented by myself, for
itis I who sail this boat. As for the customs and observances
of those who live on the sea, the learning that has come down
to meis simply this—that when there is a favourable wind one
sets sail, and when the wind dies away one anchors.”

The emissary of RAJA CHAMAR LAUT, who was all this time
alongside in his galley, began to get impatient, and stated
plainly that either tribute must be paid, or the Bunga Rampez
would be seized as a prize. RAJA DONAN was by no means
disconcerted, and answered politely that he would always con-
form to the custom of any country in which he might find
himself. ‘I do not,’ said he, ‘‘ refuse to pay the tax demand-
ed, but first just ask the port-fire of my cannon, the point of
my &rzs, and the blade of my sword whether | must pay or
not. If they say I must pay, there is an end of the matter.”

* By these, cannon, gunpowder and round-shot are meant.

RAJA DONAN. 247

Back went the officer to his ship with the news of this defi-
ance. RAJA CHAMAR LAUT, furious, upbraided his emissary
with cowardice, and declared his intention of going himself.
His counsellors implored him to do no harm to the child
whose message they had just heard. They felt sure, they
said, that he must be either an incarnation of the Dewatas, or
else a Prince of an ancient royal house, and to use violence to
him would only bring destruction on them all. But the Raja
was much too angry to listen to good advice, and all was made
ready for battle. For seven days and nights did the fleet fire
cannon and muskets, and then the King ordered firing to cease,
in order to judge of the result. When the smoke cleared
away, there was the Bunga Rampet, floating unharmed and
looking handsomer than ever. The Raja reproached his peo-
ple with incompetence, and told them to stand by and see his
personal prowess. ‘Taking his own match-lock, powder and
bullets, he prepared for action, but first had recourse to magic
to forecast the result. To his disappointment, it was made
apparent to him by infallible signs that he must be defeated.
Nevertheless, he persevered, and his first shot brought down
the mast of the Bunga Rampet. Vhe damage was soon re-
paired. RAJA DONAN simply plunged overboard, hauled up
the mast out of the sea, and fitted it in its place again. With
a little e/a (brass swivel gun) not more than a span long he
fired a shot, which sunk the whole fleet of ninety-nine sail,
leaving only the Azduri afloat. Thereupon he invoked the
aid of the trusty craft which bore him, and forthwith the
Bunga Rampez, of her own accord, ran alongside of RAJA
CHAMAR LAUuUT’S vessel. With aterrible shout RAJA DONAN
sprang on board, his own boat sheering off at the same mo-
ment and keeping the BANDAHARA out of danger. Attacking
furiously the warriors on board, he maintained the combat
single-handed for three days and three nights, and killed them
all. Finally, after a hand to hand fight, he defeated RAja
CHAMAR LAUT and cut off his head.

Left master of the vessel, RAJA DONAN went all over her
to judge of his prize, and came upon a cabin in which he found
a beautiful maiden named CHE AMBONG, the younger sister
of his dead foe—RAJA CHAMAR Laut. Addressing her he

248 RAJA DONAN.

asked for water and szrzh, saying that the battle had made him
thirsty.

‘Are you mad, boy,” said the Princess, ‘‘to come and ask
me to supply you with refreshment, after you have killed my
brother and all his warriors? Take my life too that your
fame may be complete.”

The young Prince answered modestly, “It was not I who
sought to do thy brother harm. It was he who began; I did
but retaliate.”

“ Be that how it may,” replied the Princess, “slay me now
and put an end to a life which can only be a misery if pro-
longed.”

‘““Flowever unhappy you may be,’’ said RAJA DONAN, ‘‘my
lot is a much more wretched one, for on the very day of my
birth my parents cast me forth to be the sport of the winds
and the waves.”

The Prince’s account of his misfortunes so softened the
heart of the Princess, that she opened her cabin and let him in
and fed him with all sorts of dainties. They agreed to be
brother and sister, and, at RAJA DONAN’S request, the Princess
agreed to accompany him to his own vessel. He would let
her take nothing with her but her betel-box and work-basket.
All this being settled, he went forward and hailed the Bunga
Rampei, waving his turban, and instantly the prahu came up
swiftly alongside. Having transferred the Princess to her,
RAJA DONAN sunk the Azduri in mid-ocean.

Then they recommenced the voyage, the BANDAHARA and
the two children, of whom the Princess, of course, was much —
the elder. They sailed about for some time, and CHE AMBONG
began to get tired of having nothing to do but eat and drink,
and she tried to pursuade RAJA DONAN to return to his own
country. But he said sadly that he was not travelling for
amusement or profit, but in pursuance of his own evil destiny.
The tender heart of the girl was deeply touched when she
heard him speak thus, and when she looked on him, for in
truth he was of an age when he should have been looked after
and cared for by nurses and attendants rather than left to sail
the world alone. Then she told him of the cause that had
made her quit her own country—Mundam Batu,—how a pow-

RAJA DONAN. 249

erful Raja called PETUKAL had asked for her in marriage, and
how her brother CHAMAR LAUT, not liking the match, had car-
ried her off to sea. RAJA PETUKAL had pursued them, but
had run his ship aground at a place called Lubok Goa Batu,
and had been delayed there for three months. He was even
now pursuing them, and the Princess therefore advised that
they should run along the coast keeping near the shore where
large vessels would not venture, instead of sailing on the high
seas..

RAJA DONAN pondered over his sister’s story, she was evi-
dently genuinely alarmed, and he was very sorry for her, so
one day he went up to the look-out place (¢:mjar-an karang)
and prayed to the Dewatas to send him a breeze—

Angin yang ber-gambar orang

Yang men-chabut chekor di-halaman

Dan men-chabut malet-malet di-lumpur

Dan me-rebah kerbau di-padang

Dan menyapu nyior dara adi-halaman balet

Ber-gerénchit karang di-laut
“a gale so strong as to be visible in a form resembling hu-
man shape; one that would tear the chekor root from the
ground and the ma/ei-ma/lez plant from the mud, which would
lay prostrate the cattle feeding in the fields and sweep away
the young cocoa-nut trees growing in the court-yard.”’
—a breeze which would drive the Bunga Rampei straight to
the bay of Goa Batu and thus bring him face to face with
RAJA PETUKAL.

For seven days and seven nights did they scud before the
breeze which sprang up, and one day, about noon, something
was observable right ahead. As they approached, it was made
put to be a fleet of ninety-nine sail. Then RAajA DONAN
called the Princess and told her to rouse up the BANDAHARA
and make him let go the anchor. This was done (the anchor
weighed three dharas and the cable was five fathoms long)
and then RAJA DONAN pointed out to the Princess the fleet
right ahead of them, and of course she was terribly frightened.

RAJA PETUKAL, on board his ship, looking out, became
aware of a vessel anchored ahead of him, and he called some
of his officers—Panglima ETAM, Panglima PUTEH, Panglima

250 RAJA DONAN.

LELA TEMBAGA, Panglima LENGGANG LAUT, Panglima ANG-
KUP BESI, Panglima AMPING BERANTAH, and Panglima Ma-
CHANG BER-GOLING—and told them to go off to the Bunga
Ramper and make enquiries. They accordingly let down a
boat of twelve koyans burthen, manned by eighty rowers,
and pulled off to RAJA DONAN’S vessel. When they ap-
proached, they saw a very handsome boy sitting on the fore-
castle. They hailed him and asked him the name of the mas-
ter of the vessel, whence she came, where she was going,
what cargo she carried, how many persons were on board, the
names of the mate, steersman, and the nationality of the
crew; also how long she had been anchored there, what ar-
mament she carried, and did the person addressed know the
customary dues taken in these waters ? All this was said in
the name of RAJA PETUKAL.

RAJA DONAN answered them much as he had answered the
emissary of RAJA CHAMAR LAUT, saying that he constituted
the whole of the crew of the ship, that his arms were all his
cargo, and that the custom he followed was to sail when he
INZKG A rigor \iyonoGl, AinGl oO zimCni@r un 2 Calin,

A demand for tribute was met just as the former one had
been.

Then the Panglimas went back to the Raja and reported
the result of their mission. He flew into a fury, and refused
to listen to their excuses and advice. Accordingly, gs in the
previous case, an attack began ; the fleet for seven days and
nights kept up a continuous fire of cannon and musketry on
the Bunga Ramper. After this RAJA PETUKAL ordered firing
to cease in order that they might see what had become of
their enemy. But the smoke was so dense that it took three
days to clear away, and when at last it cleared, there was the
Bunga Rampei floating unharmed and looking better than she
had done before. RAJA PETUKAL swore at his people for their
failure, and said that he would show them the way to do it.
He loaded his own matchlock and used a magic spell to ascer-
tain whether he would be successful or not. The result was
unfavourable, but nevertheless, levelling his weapon, he fired,
and his bullet struck the side of the Bunga Ramper doing some
damage, which was, however, quickly repaired by RAJA DONAN
and CHE AMBONG.

RAJA DONAN. ao

With his wonderful cannon which had already sunk one fleet,
_RajA DONAN then fired a single shot, which sent ninety-nine
vessels of RAJA PETUKAL’S fleet to the bottom, leaving afloat
only the ship which carried the Raja. This RajA DONAN
boarded, uttering three terrible shouts, and then cut and
thrust right and left, cutting off a leg or chopping off a head
at every stroke, until not a single soul was left alive on board
the vessel except himself and RAJA PETUKAL. A single com-
bat then took place between these two ; RAJA DONAN’S sword
was shivered into three pieces in his hand in a blow aimed at
his adversary, but it was made whole again almost immediate-
ly. In vain did he stab RAJA PETUKAL three times with his
kris. The weapon broke off short in his hands each time, and
after restoring it twice, he got angry and threw it overboard.
Seeing this, RAJA PETUKAL threw away his sword and grap-
pled with RAJA DONAN. They wrestled furiously, and at the
end of the first round RAJA DONAN was hurled violently into
space and fell into the sea in mid-ocean where he floated in-
sensible. When he recovered sufficiently, he prayed to Sang
Hyang Barma Sakti to replace him on board RAJA PETU-
KAL’S ship and the prayer had hardly left his lips when he was
back again on the deck confronting his enemy. It was now
his re and the next struggle ended | in RAJA ‘PETUKAL being
hurled into the air and falling into the whirlpool of Pauwh Fang:
gt, where he perished.

‘A beautiful princess, Tuan Putri CHE MuDA, the sister of
RAJA PETUKAL, was discovered in a cabin on board the ves-
sel, and was persuaded by RAJA DONAN to accompany him on
board the Bunga Ramper. A wave of his magic turban
brought the latter alongside, and CHE AMBONG came on board
and greeted the new-found damsel affectionately. Raja
DONAN had now two sisters, and after they had eaten and
drunk together, CHE MupbaA’s things were transferred to the
small vessel and the large one was sunk by RAJA DONAN.

The seemingly endless cruise of RAJA DONAN’S prahu now
began again. When they had been seven days and nights at
sea, he demanded of CHE AMBONG, who had travelled so much
about the world with her brother, to know where he might
find some great powerful kingdom with a Raja blessed with a

252 RAJA DONAN.

beautiful daughter. Pressed to give the information required,
the two Princesses admitted that they did remember having
heard a rumour, ‘‘ borne by the passing wind, or by the running
water or by the bird in its flight” (d7-bawa angin lalu dan di-
bawa ayer hilir dan di-bawa burong terbang), that there exist-
ed two countries one called Gedong Gatu ruled by BANDA-
HARA MANGKU BuUMI who had a beautiful daughter named
Princess GANDA IRAN, and the other called Béram Biru where
RAJA PIAKAS reigned with his beautiful sister TELEPOK CHAHYA.
The two ladies also related how it was currently reported that
Princess GANDA IRAN was already betrothed to RAJA PIAKAS
and they described Gedong Batu as only to be reached af-
ter a three months’ voyage.

RaAjA DONAN then went to the forward part of his vessel

and stood-in the attitude of one in mystic contemplation |. .

(ber-tiang tungeal dan ber-kajang mégun) and prayed again
to the Dewatas for a wind to take her quickly to the port of
Gedong Batu. No sooner was his supplication uttered than
the wished for breeze sprung up and sailing at a miraculous
speed before it the Bunga Rampet reached. the mouth of a
large riverin seven days. ‘This the two Princesses pronounced
to be the port of the country of Béram Brru. Again they set
sail and duly arrived at the mouth of the river of Gedong
Batu where they anchored about evening (hari merimbang
petang). Were RAJA DONAN performed a ceremonial ablution
for which the Princesses presented him with limes and rice-
powder in a golden basin (/imau ber-ukup dan bedak ber-
satanggi). Then he bathed in the sea alongside standing on

a skate (?kan raya) and holding on to a shark (than hiyu
hengkong) which darted about here and there taking him
with them, until his sisters were seriously alarmed and called
him back. Then he came on board and changed his wet
clothes for a rich suit and sat down and talked to the two
Princesses till late at night. From them he learned that the
palace of RAJA BANDAHARA MANGKu BUMI was seven days’
journey up the river. Next morning about 7 or 8 o'clock
when thesunwasjust getting hotand filling the land with itsrays
(matahart sedang memechah panas memenoh-t padang) RAJA
DONAN had mats and carpets spread for one of his magic

RAJA DONAN. oo

ceremonies. He burned incense and fumigated his magic
flute to which, after a prayer to the Dewatas, he addressed
an invocation desiring it to play sweetly so that its sounds
might be heard in the palace of the Princess GANDA IRAN,
seven days’ journey off, by her and by her only. Then he
- blew in it three times; the first time the flute gave forth the
sounds of twelve instruments, the second time it played as if
twenty-four instruments were being sounded, and the third
time it played like thirty-six different instruments, and its
strains were so sweet and tender that the Princesses CHE
AMBONG and CHE MUDA dissolved in tears and the music had
to be stopped.

Now it happened one morning that the Princess GANDA
IRAN was standing at her window. She had just got up and
was about to chew betel-nut. She had the betel-nut scissors in
her hands, one little chip of betel was already between her teeth
and she was just in the act of cutting off some more when
the sound of the distant flute, which was then playing with
thirty-six instruments, arrested the blades of the scissors in
the act of closing and they felltothe ground. Her old attendant
saw her change colour and asked the reason. The Princess
then described what she heard and bursting into tears vowed
that she would never be satisfied until she found out the play-
er of the magic flute. Then she went down into the garden
and walked about pondering how she could despatch some
messenger to the entrance of the port to find out the unknown
player. While so pondering she came across a squirrel and
she said ‘‘O dear, beautiful squirrel, will you get for me this
instant three betel-nuts grown facing the east on a tree which
is bearing for the first time and three leaves from the top-
most shoots of a sirih-vine which have just outgrown the
prop and are hanging over towards the east? If you are hun-
gry come with me to my chamber and I will give you sumdu
layang fruit to eat.” The squirrel was much too devoted to
the Princess to want any reward, and he started off at once
and before evening was back again with the betel-nut and
sirih. These the Princess with her own fair fingers did up
into quids or mouthfuls in three different ways and put them
in a gold vessel which had been an heirloom for five genera-

254 RAJA DONAN.

tions. This she crowned with flowers which she arranged
in a bouquet in the shape of a cap and she tied up the whole
in a silk cloth embroidered with gold (¢elepuk layu), which
she knotted in the most elaborate way (der-tanggam dengan
simpul buku bémban dua-bélas lapis).

The next thing was to find a messenger. The Princess
went down into the garden and pulling a white cloth over her
head became entranced so that her vision could pierce the
earth and clouds and could reach to all quarters of the compass

maka di-antara awan yang puteh mengandong méga
yang biru ber-bakat kuning

angkasa at langit sayup-sayup bahasa

kadengaran tagar di laut

ber-sri muram chahya udara

ber-bunyt guroh menyarak kakasth

‘alamat raja yang besar menanggong ka-duka-an.*

Then the Princess became aware of a bird circling over-
head and quickly throwing off her hood she waved it seven
times, whereupon a large kite swooped down and settled on
the ground before the Princess, to whom she proceeded to
make obeisance ‘‘she spread out her left wing and bent
her right leg and bowed her beak to the ground like one
bowing before a Raja” (ber-kibar kepak yang kirt, ter-pétok
kaki yang kanan ter-tungkum paruh ka-tanah sa-laku orang
menjunjong adult). Vhen the kite asked what she was wanted
for.

“O mother kite,’’ said the Princess, ‘“‘I want you to go this
very day and take this bundle to the youth who is in the ves-
sel lying at anchor at the mouth of our river “Ui yougane
hungry go and eat one of the hens which is feeding in the
court-yard of my parents.” So thekite went away and ate
up a hen and thus refreshed returned to the Princess and took
up the bundle in her talons and soared aloft with it. After
flying for seven days and nights the kite found herself over

* Beyond the white clouds was the blue sky streaked with yellow rays; the
colouring of the heavens glowed and faded and the roar of the sea was heard in
the distance. Then a dark shade came over the face of the firmament, low
thunder rolled, mourning the parting of lovers—signs, all these, that a Prince
or Princess is in distress.

RAJA DONAN. 200

the mouth of the river and could see far below a little vessel
rocking about at anchor in mid-stream. Then she swooped
down and perched on one of the masts just above RAJA Do-
NAN, who was sitting below playing the violin. And as she
could see that she had not been perceived by RAJA DONAN
she sang the following stanza to the tune which he was play-
ing :—

anak merpati terbang ka hulu

anak enggang meng-angkut sarang

jauh-kan hati tuan penghulu

tiada menegor sa burong barang.

The young pigeon flies inland

The horn-bill gathers sticks for its nest
Far away are my lord’s thoughts

He does not accost any bird that comes.

So beautifully did the bird sing this verse that RAJA DONAN
and the two Princesses ran forward where they could see the
mast. On being beckoned to by RAJA DONAN to come down
the kite descended and delivered the bundle which RAJA Do-
NAN opened without delay. He put on his head the cap of
flowers, which fitted him exactly, and ate one of the quids of
betel-nut. He at once became absent and pre-occupied, to the
great alarm of the Princesses, who thought that he was poi-
soned, but he declared that he was only thinking of what he
should send to the Princess GANDA IRAN in return for her
present. By theif advice he sent three rings

yang sa-buntok tanda meminang
dan sa-buntok ber-tkrar janjt
dan sa-buntok tanda jadi sabarang bechara.

One as a sign of betrothal, one to bind the promise, and one
as a sign that whatever was undertaken would be successfully
carried out; also a shawl which he was in the habit of wear-
ing asa sign of intimacy. These were put into the golden
bowl, the wrapper of which was knotted up in exactly the
same way as before, and delivered to the kite. Before taking
her departure the kite delivered to RAJA DONAN an invitation
from the Princess to enter the country as she was very anxious
to see him. RAJA DONAN desired the kite to say in reply

256 RAJA DONAN.

that in coming to the port he had no other intention than that
of visiting the Princess, but that he could not leave his vessel
and his sisters and the BANDAHARA in the river and go up
alone. Within three years, three months and ten days, he
would present himself before the Princess, and if he should

break this engagement he wished that he might die a violent
death
matt ai timpa sarong pedang
dan mati di-timpa sarong kris
dan mati di-timpa daulat segala raja-raja yang dahulu
kala
dan mati di-timpa uleh tuan putri GANDA IRAN sendirt.

Then the kite craved leave to depart and repeated these ver-
Ses :——

Pergi ka bendang men-chabut kumboh

Di-chabut budak chepat ber-lart

Mohun-lah patek kain dt tuboh

Kain adi-paket sa-hari-hari

Tetak sabantun larék-kan kélang
Batang chémpedak mart di-rapat
Mohun-kan ampun patek nen pulang
Barang di-kahandak sudah-lah dapat.

The kumboh grass is pulled up in the ricefields
The children run off with it quickly

I ask but for a garment of your own

One that you wear every day.

The sabantun log is cut for the sugar-mill
The roller next to it is of champedak
Your servant now craves leave to depart
Having obtained all that was asked for.

When the bird returned with the bundle to the Princess she
was deceived by the exact similarity of its appearance to the
one she had despatched and she went crying to her own apart-
ment making sure that her present had never been opened.
But the kite induced her to open it and she found the rings
and shawl. The former she put on at once and the latter she
put on and took off, kissing it and examining the pattern and

RAJA DONAN. 257

the sewing alter the manner of a young woman very much in
love.

The kite was despatched a second time by the Princess to
RAJA DONAN and this time the present was one of all sorts of
delicacies and sweetmeats. A corresponding present was de-
livered to the bird to convey to the Princess, with an injunc-
tion to send nothing more, as the vessel was about to leave
the river, and these were safely taken back by the kite to the
palace.

RAJA DONAN then set sail for a place called Goa Batu and
on the night before arriving there he performed a ceremonial
ablution and bathed in the sea with his attendant skate and
shark. Before retiring for the night he agreed with his sis-
ters that on the following morning no one was to be wakened
up by either of the others who might happen to rise early.
During the night, when the Princesses were fast asleep, RAJA
DONAN got up and invoked the assistance of the Dewates to
cause the country of Goa Satu to be one continent with the
land of Gedong Batu, which he had left seven days before.
He also -entreated that Goa Latu should be transformed into
a powerful kingdom with a walled and fortified capital and a
numerous population, that the troops of RAJA CHAMAR LAUT
and RAJA PETUKAL should be restored to life and that the
Bunga Rampet should be turned into a magnificent palace.
No sooner was his prayer uttered than the busy hum of multi-
tudes commenced to be heard on shore. Then RAJA DONAN
retired to rest.

It was broad daylight when the Princesses awoknd te ahey
were not a little astonished at finding themselves in a palace
the precincts of which were thronged by people, “At Hist
they thought that they must have been taken captive by an
enemy during the night, but RAJA DONAN who was sleeping
at their door, soon awoke and straightway proceeded to the
balei where he sounded a gong and called all the chiefs and
people together. He announced that he intended to sub-
mit to the rite of circumcision and ordered the usual week's
preliminary ceremonies. At the end of the week he sent for
the operators and seven mudin presented themselves. ‘The
oldest undertook that only three drops of blood should be

“a

258 RAJA DONAN.

drawn and that the wound would heal up the minute the knife
was withdrawn. Then RajA DONAN went down in procession
to the river and remained there soaking himself, while the two
Princesses in the palace soaked their tingers and toes in a jar
of water,* and on his return to the palace the rite was perform-
ed. As the mudin had promised, only three drops of blood
were drawn and the wound was healed at once. The old man
was rewarded witha present of one hundred dollars and a
buffalo, a pair of slaves and a knife. RAJA DONAN also un-
derwent the ceremonies of filing the teeth (e7-asah gig?) and
of blackening them (der-dbaja).

One day RAJA DONAN sounded the alarm bell and sum-
moned all the chiefs and people together. He then made
over the charge of the kingdom to the former, enjoining them
that if during his absence an enemy should attack the country
from seawarral they were to resist with all their force, but that
if an attack should be threatened from the land-side no un-
easiness need be felt for he would repel it. He then started
on foot for the country of Gedong Batu, taking with him the
magic flute, a tail-less cock (ayam dugil), and his trusty sword.
Crossing hills and mountains, and successively passing through
plains and forests, he at last reached one day an open plain,
in the middle of which grew a deringin tree with spreading
branches, beneath which there was no vegetation whatever,
the ground there being as smooth as if it were polished (lichin
lichau saperti ai- vilap). Here he stopped to rest.

Now there was acertain Princess named LINGGAM CHAH-
vA, who dwelt in the heavens. She was the daughter of RAJA
PINANG LUMU‘, and it was her custom to descend to the
earth for amusement and to play about with her attendants
under this very tree. One day when she was about to start
for the earth she looked out and saw an exceedingly hand-
some youth already there, and she forthwith fell in love with
him. Calling a favourite bird of hers, named M/ak Tongang,
she despatched her to fetch the mortal on whom she had set

* Bathing is customary before circumcision as cold water causes contract-
ion of tre parts. Members of the family of both sexes bathe with the boy
who is about to undergo the rite. Young women and girls who do not appear
in public, bathe indoors as a sign of co-operation or solicitude.

RAJA DONAN. 209

her affections. The bird presented herself before RAJA Do-
NAN, and graphically described the love-lorn condition of the
Princess. He explained that he was unable to accept the invi-
tation at once as he was on his way to Gedong Batu to keep an
appointment with another Princess, but he promised to come
back within three years three peariie and ten days. With
this message, Wak Tengang flew back to the skies, and RAJA

DONAN continued his journey. At last he came in sight of a
large fortified town which was evidently thickly itbalbed) and
he stopped under a large pu/ar tree to think what he should
do. Having made up ‘his mind, he invoked the assistance of
dewatas, and forthwith the trunk of the tree opened, and when
he had bestowed inside it carefully all his rich raiment and
the things he was carrying, it closed again. He then trans-
formed fumceli unto a Sémang, or w ‘idl hill man, with all the
skin diseases and sores which disfigure those unhappy people
(kena tokak, kenatakik, kena sawan kambing, bisa kurap lu-
song, kurap pakan, kurap bukit, kudis buta, tiada ter-muat
di badan badan- ja). Eenterme the town, he found Raja

PIAKAS and some of the nobles engaged in matching cocks
at a cock-pit, and he approached the place and took a seat.
From this he was summarily ejected by the attendants, who, by
the orders of RAJA Pia AS struck, kicked and abused bane

The Sémang, under this treatment, roared and howled a good
deal more than was necessary and infused into his voice a Teele
power intended to have an effect on the Princess whose palace
was at no great distance. Hearing cries of some one in pain,

she was seized with compassion, and indignantly sent her wo-
men servants to bring the sufferer to her. The old nurse
who went returned with such a shocking description of the
state of the Sémang that all the maids of honour crowded out
to see, and the noise attracted the attention of the RAJA BAN-
DAHARA MANGKU BUMI, who in his turn went out tothe dalei
to see the S€mang, a wild man being an unusual spectacle in
his capital. The Semerse joined nn at the da/ez, and ordered
the Sémang to be brought upstairs. The latter refused,
pretending to be afraid ateG evil would befall him if he ven-
tured to approach people of rank (¢akut menulah). At last he
allowed himself to be induced to enter and went up hesita-

260 RAJA DONAN.

tingly one step at a time. The RAJA BANDAHARA went off
in disgust as soon as he saw the state of his body, and the
Sémang was about to descend again when the Princess per-
ceived the flute stuck in his girdle, and expressed a desire to
hear it. The RAJA BANDAHARA then came out and question-
ed the Sémang, who said that the flute was merely a country
instrument used by the Sémang tribe, and made by his father,
who had given one to each of his children. On being told to
play it, the Sémang said that he was afraid to play it in a town,
for fear that those who heard it might be afflicted with ver-
tigo or madness and then he would be put to death. The
RAJA BANDAHARA swore that no harm should happen to him,
even if evil consequences. should be caused to the Princess
herself by the sound of the fiute. The Sémang then consent-
ed to play, but first invoked the Vewatas to accomplish the
end he had im view. At the first tune, when the Mute v@awe
forth the sounds of twelve instruments, the Princess gave a
scream ; at the next she fell down on the floor; and at the
third, when the effect was that of thirty-six instruments play-
ing together, she became unconscious and lay to all appear-
ance like one dead. ‘Then there was a terrible commotion,
in the middle of which the Sé€mang jumped down and disap-
peared.

Then the religious men assembled and made preparations
for the burial of the Princess, whem all believed to be dead;
but the RAJA BANDAHARA would not suffer this, and merely
had the body placed in a coffin and deposited in the hall of the
palace, saying that he would wait until he could get another
interview with the Sémang. RAJA PIAKAS, on hearing that
the Princess to whom he was betrothed was dead, was about
to run amuck (amok), but the RAJA BANDAHARA had him
seized and imprisoned pending the discovery of the Semang,
in search of whom he at once despatched messengers.

Search was orgarised by the Chiefs on a large scale, but
for along time was unsuccessful, and the search-party were
on the point of returning home when, as they were passing
through the fields, they saw the object of their search engaged
in the Sémang-like occupation of catching grasshoppers and
eating them. They surrounded him and were on the point of.

RAJA DONAN. 261

seizing him when he disappeared and was immediately alter-
wards seen to be outside the circle of captors, engaged as
before in catching and eating grasshoppers. This happened
three times, and cher the Citfets were satisfied that he was
possessed of supernatural qualifications and they approached
him prostrating themselves and making obeisance. Then the
Sémang remained quiet and the Tumunggong bending down
took him on his shoulders and bore him, notw ithstanding his
sores and skin-disease, to the da/ez, where he was received
with distinction by the Raja. The latter then addressed the
Sémang and promised that 1f he could restore the Princess to
life her bond in marriage and the sovereignty of Gedong Batu
should be his. The Sémang then alee, for sandalw God and
aloes and frankincense, and asked that the guardians of the
coffin might be withdrawn, all but two women. Entering the
chamber with them, he burned the scented woods and incense
and fumigated the magic flute in their smoke, praying at the
same sre to the ee that the Princess might be res-
tored to life. Then he opened the coffin and removing the
shroud replaced it with the rich garments worn by the Princess
when alive. Then he took up the flute and played it. Atthe
first tune the Princess moved her foot, at the second she moved
an arm, and at the third she set up and sneezed, and looking
round saw the accessories of a death chamber on every side
and the Sémang sitting beside her. She ordered him out
angrily, and then went out and told the Raja that the Princess
was restored to life. Then preparations were made for the
marriage, and the Sémang was sent down to the river to be
washed and cleansed by some of the old women. He pre-
tended that they hurt him, and agyravated them until one of
them struck him, and he at once fell down and disappeared.
The old women went back ina terrible fright to the palace
and search was immediately ordered.

In the meantime, RaJA DONAN having quitted the form of a
Sémang, took the shape of a child sitting on a heap of drift-
wood ina bay. When the chiefs and their searching part
came to the place they took him up and carried him to the
palace reporting that they had failed to find the Sémang.

re)
rhe pretty boy was made over to the Princess, who kissed

262 RAJA DONAN.

and petted him, and he soon shewed an astonishing and pre-
cocious appreciation of her caresses. One day she threw
him off rather roughly, and turned to her weaving, and when
she looked round again, behold the child had taken the form
of ahandsome young man. Then RAJA DONAN explained
who he was and how he had come there and reminded the
Princess of the presents she had sent him by the kite. Then
they ate together and exchanged mutual vows and were ex-
ceedingly happy.

RAJA DONAN now took the name of CHE TUAKAL and by
private agreement with the Princess commenced to busy him-
self with the arrangements for her marriage with RAJA PIAKAS,
which had been interrupted by her supposed death and his
confinement in prison. RAJA PIAKAS on being released
amused himself daily with other young nobles at the cock-pit,
where no one was found to vanquish his birds.

CHE TUAKAL wended his way to the pu/az tree where he
had, as RAJA DONAN, left his clothing and other property.
The tree opened as before, and he took out his things and
went back to the town carrying the tail-less cock under his
arm. With it he presented himself at the cock-pit, where he
was challenged to amatch by RAJA Piakas. At first he said
he had no money, but eventually let himself be persuaded to
accept the challenge. Then the owners proceeded to match
their birds. That of RAJA PIAKAS was of the size for which
the top spur (du/ang atas) is suitable, and RAJA DONAN,
though his bird was smaller, used a spur fixed in the same
way.* Wanting some one to hold the bird while he was
fastening the spurs, t RAJA DONAN threw his flute on the
ground and it immediately became an ugly youth who forth-
with attended him. RAJA PIAKAS now gave the word to fix
the spurs on the birds. The ugly youth held RAJA DONAN'S
bird, and while the latter fixed on the spur, repeated this
verse :—

* There are several ways of fixing spurs on game cocks among the Malays:
The smaller the bird the lower should the spur be fixed. A small bird with a
spur fixed above the claws may be matched against a large one witha spur fixed
near the knee-joint.
+ The bird must be held by one person while another fastens the spur on,
otherwise the bird might be cut and injured ; mem-béga isthe technical word for
this office.

RAJA DONAN. 268

Buah rambéga di bawah bulang
Rama-rama terbang ka Fawa
Adek mem-béga abang mem-bulang
Sama-sama mem-buang-kan niawa.

RAJA PIAKAS then had nine bags of dollars brought by his at-
tendants, and poured them out in the cock-pit as his stake, and
proposed to set the birds at each other. RAJA DONAN then
sent the ugly youth to fetch money, and presently so much
was brought and thrown down that ‘the stake of RAJA PIAKAS
was thrown into the shade and his opponent reminded him
that he had not staked enough. RAJA PIAKAS then added to
his stake his country Béram Brru, his intended father-in-
law’s country Gedong Batu, and his afhanced wife the Princess
GANDA IRAN herself. The Princess who was looking out of a
window heard all that he said.

Then they set the birds beak to beak (meng-oja) and draw-
ing them away from each other (rentang) letthem go. Inthe
third round (fepuk) the wing of RAJA DONAN’s bird was broken
and RAJA PIAKAS shouted with delight. The ugly youth was
despondent, but RAJA DONAN re-assured him, and repeated this
verse :—

Si-harah harah patah patah di-kulei-kan
Rambut thal basah basah di-urei-kan.

“Ifthe harah * branchis injured it can be straightened

again.”

©ii a womans head-dress is wetted, the wet hair can be

let down.”

Then they recommenced, and this time one leg of RAJA
DONAN’S bird was broken. RAJA PIAKAS shouted and jump-
ed about and tucked up his sleeves and bandished his arms.
Again the ugly youth addressed his master despondently, but
RAJA DONAN answered him confidently with the same verse,
and declared that if the bird’s legs were broken, he would
fight on his stumps (der-te/ku). The next time they did not
put the birds on the ground, but set them at each other at
some height from it and let them fall together (ber-dumbong

* Harah or ara is a very tough wood which cannot be snapped.

264: RAJA DONAN.

diatas). This time the crop (¢emdolok) of RAJA DONAN'’S bird
was torn open, and the paddy in it was strewed about the
cock-pit. Again RAJA PIAKAS was triumphant. RajA DONAN
still confident repeated again his verse and added this one :—

Rumah besar di-tinggal-kan rumah kechil di-tungeu
Patah tiang tongkat ber-telku.

“Tf one leaves a big house one lives in a small one
“If the-post be broken one uses a prop.”

In the next round the throat of the bird of RAJA PIAKAS
was cut and it fell bleeding to the ground and died, while the
victor flew up on the rail of the cock- pit and crow ed, so that
it could be heard in the next reach of the river (merantas tan-
jong). ‘Vhe ugly youth shouted and bared his arms and drew
his knife and leapt about (lompat krnja) after the manner of
Malays when excited, and RAJA PIAKAS, very much ashamed
of himself, having lost his money, his country, and his bride,
went back to his boat.

RajJA DONAN had yet another humiliation in store for his
rival. the persuaded him to land again and to let the prepa-
rations for the marriage go on as if nothing had happened,
assuring him that RAJA BANDAHARA MANGKU BUMI w ould be
furious if it did not take place. Preparations accordingly
went forward, there were feasts and ceremonies, and at last,
at the appointed day and hour, the marriage ceremony was
performed and the bridegroom was escorted according to cus-
tom to the bride’s chamber. But here he met with a reception
very different from that which he expected, for the Princess
GANDA IRAN flew at him with a knife, declaring that she would
never accept as a husband a man who before the marriage had
staked her in a gambling bout. RAJA PIAKAS escaped to the
balex and thence went back to his boat, where RAJA DONAN
followed him. The efforts of the latter to persuade him to
return were quite fruitless. RAJA PIAKAS declared that he
now saw that he had been deceived all along, and he went
back to his own country in a fury, vowing that he would return
and lay waste Gedong Latu, making it a field where the cas-
tor-oil plant would grow wild and the doves feed undisturbed
(padang jarak padang tekukur).

RAJA DONAN. 265

After this RAJA BANDAHARA MANGKU BuUMI decided that
the best thing to be done for the protection of his kingdom
was to make RAJA DONAN his son-in-law, and the marriage
took place accordingly with great rejoicings.

Now Raja PIAKAS had a sister the Princess TELEPUK CHAH-
yA who was possessed of various supernatural powersandwhom
all the dragons and crocodiles of the sea and all the beasts
of the earth obeyed. To her accordingly he repaired asking
her to avenge the slights put upon him in the kingdom of
Gedong Batu. She summoned the kings of dragons and cro-
codiles, two of each, and asked them to lay that country waste.
They said that they would obey her commands, but that never-
theless they had a presentiment that they would never return.
All the dragons and crocodiles now started for the mouth of
the river which runs through Gedong Batu and there they ate
up every person and every fowl, duck, goat and buffalo that
they could find. The distressed peasants flocked to RAJA
DONAN’S palace for protection and by his intercession the
Dewatas caused the country to be lifted up in the air so that
all the dragons and crocodiles perished miserably on the dry
land, and only two escaped into the sea and got back to Béram
Biru to tellthe Princess TELEPUK CHAHYA of their discomfi-
ture. The Princess was not to be discouraged, and now she
called out her faithful subjects the beasts of the forest, lions and
tigers and rhinoceroses and all sorts of wild animals, and told
them to go and lay waste Gedong Batu. Like the dragons
and crocodiles, they undertook the mission, but they said at the
same time that they knew that they would never return.

The march of the army of wild beasts through the forest
to Gedong Batu was a sight to see. So numerous were they
that the mountains and hills which they had to cross were
levelled before they had all passed by, and the trees were
rooted up so that what had been forest became open plains
(ber-temu gunong, gunong rata, dan ber-temu bukit, bukit
rata, ber-temu rimba, rimba térang menjadi padang). When
they had crossed the frontier (peminggiran negrt) they set to
work to devour everything they came across, cocoa-nuts, betel-
nuts and fruit as well as goats and buffaloes. Noone dared
to put a foot outside his house. At last when they began to

266 RAJA DONAN.

get near the capital itself, the people implored the protection
of RAJA DONAN, and by his intercession with the Dewatas
the country was transformed into a sea and as the salt water
poured in and covered the land the wild beasts were all
drowned, though of course no other harm was done, and when
they were all dead the water subsided and everything went
on as before.

RaJA PIAKAS, having exhausted his sister’s resources, led
an expedition himself against DAJA DONAN. With three
hundred ships he appeared at the mouth of the river and the
LAKSAMANA, or ftaza dilaut, reported to his Sovereign the
arrival of the invading force. RAJA DONAN thereupon set off
down the river alone. His boat was a bit of the sheath of
the plantain flower and his paddle was a single leaf of the
jack-tree (sa-képing kelopak jantong dan satu halet daun
nangka gantan). His wife, the Princess GANDA IRAN, had a
boat got ready for herself, rowed by forty-four of her women
and having on board forty-four Amazonian watriors, and wait-
ed to see what would happen next.

RAJA DONAN reached the invading fleet and did all he
could to persuade RAJA PIAKAS to make peace, but the latter
would not listen, and the battle commenced. In the mean-
time, the Princess had started down the river and reached the
scene of the fighting just when the fire was hottest. She too
opened fire on RAJA PIAKAS, and he was getting the worst of
it when RAJA DONAN, recognising his wife, gave her boat a
push, the momentum of which carried it off to the distance
of twenty-four hours’ journey and then it stuck on a bank.

Again RAJA DONAN offered peace, but RAJA PIAKAS still
refused and a single combat ensued. RAJA PIAKAS failed to
parry a stroke and his head was severed from his body.

The magnanimous conquerer fitted the head on to the bo-
dy and restored his adversary to life, and RAJA PIAKAS then
made due submission. RAJA DONAN and the Princess then
took him with them and sailed for Goa Batu, in order to
marry him to the Princess CHE AMBONG. It will be remem-
bered that RAJA DONAN, on leaving that place, had enjoined
the chiefs to defend the country against any one invading it
from the sea, but to leave him to deal with any land-attack.

RAJA DONAN. 267

He now resolved to test their obedience to orders and he
opened fire when his fleet entered the river. He met witha
spirited resistance and was himself wounded in the hand by a
shot fired by the Princess CHE AMBONG. He then made sig-
nals of surrender and was soon recognised and _ suitably
received in his kingdom.

RAJA PIAKAS was married to the Princess CHE AMBONG,
RAJA BANDAHARA TUA to the Princess TELEPUK CHAHYA at
Béram Biru, and the ugly boy, who had been created out of
the magic flute at the cock-fight, to the Princess CHE MuDA.

RAJA DONAN’S adventures were now nearly over, but be-
fore settling down in his kingdom, he and his uncle determin-
ed to revisit their own country, Wandi Angin. With a fleet of
three hundred sail, they voyaged for three months and ten
days and at last entered the well-known river. In vain did
the BANDAHARA look for the house and garden he had left, all
was jungle. They anchored and fired their guns, but three
days passed and no one came down the river in answer to
their signals. They then weighed anchor and proceeded up
stream to the place where the capital had been. All was si-
lent and deserted; the BANDAHARA pointed out the sites
where hall and palace, wall and moat, had once been and
where now the castor-oil plant flourished and the wood
pigeon fed undisturbed. The scene saddened them inexpres-
sibly. After a few days they fell in with one or two old men
who still lingered about the place and from them they learned
that the old Raja had been dethroned by the seven lying as-
trologers, who had now established themselves as Rayjas at
the head of the river, and that he and his Queen were living
like peasants on a little patch of garden-ground in the inte-
rior. A few days later, after long search, RAJA DONAN suc-
ceeded in reaching a humble cottage in the forest in which
he found an old couple living. After conversation, he con-
vinced himself that these were his parents, but he did not
make himself known. He invited the old man to come the
next day to sell his fruit and vegetables on board the vessels
of the expedition. The latter duly came, and went away load-
ed with presents, and after this he continued to come daily.
The RajA BANDAHARA always hid in his cabin on these occa-

268 RAJA DONAN. é
sions, but peeping out he satisfied himself that the fruit-seller
was really his brother RAJA BESAR.

After this, RAJA DONAN caused rich raiment to be prepared,
and one day when the old couple came on board he caused
them to be suitably arrayed and seated in a place of honour.
They were much frightened and amazed, but presently the
BANDAHARA camein and made himself known to them and
presented RAJA DONAN to them as their son whom they had
once cast away. Then the newly met relatives wept for joy
together. No time was now lost in resuscitating the ancient
glories of the capital. The crews of all the vessels were land-
ed and with their aid and by the magic power of RAJA DONAN,
walls and moats were repaired, palaces rose again from their
ruins, warriors and courtiers took their places and performed
their duties, as of old, and RAJA BESAR and his consort were
enthroned in their ancient state and splendour.

It only remained to punish the lying astrologers, and RAJA
DONAN, RAJA PIAKAS and the ugly boy now started up-coun-
try, disguised as peasants, and made their way to the new
city where the seven brethren lived and governed. On arrival
there the wayfarers fell in with the old astrologer who had
prophesied RAJA DONAN’S good luck. He at once recognised
and made obeisance to the Raja, and took him and his com-
panions to live in his house and told them all about the state
of the country. Through him, RAJA DONAN’S arrival and
identity were made known to all his father’s old chiefs and a
plan of operations was concerted.

One day RAJA DONAN and his two companions presented
themselves at the hall of audience where the seven brethren
sat with their chiefs and nobles. They pretended to have come
for the purpose of trade, and received gracious promises of
encouragement, but suddenly, at a sign from RAJA DONAN, the
chiefs and warriors rose and secured the seven impostors, who
were forthwith carried down to Mandi Angin and put into an
iron cage. Half of the inhabitants of the town were taken
down to Mandi Angin, the old capital, and the rest were left
to populate the new settlement. A/andz Angin was now once
more as prosperous and peaceful as it had ever been.

RAJA DONAN. 269

RAJA DONAN and RAJA PIAKAS sailed for their respective
kingdoms, leaving the old BANDAHARA with his brother, and
the ugly youth was made Raja of Goa Batu.

RAJA DONAN still had to carry out the promise which he
ahd made to the bird Mak Tongang under the béringin tree.
With the consent of his wife, the Princess GANDA IRAN, he
went off one day alone and made his way to the same place.
There the bird met him and carried him up to the heavens
where he was married to the Princess LINGGAM CHAHYA and
remained with her for seven months and seven days. At the
end of this period the bird Mak Tongang carried him back to
his own palace in Gedong Batu, where he dwelt ever after in
peace and happiness.

tHe SURVEY QUESTION.

aj; N the Straits Settlements the “ Survey Question”
is one which has been before the public for some
years and which, especially since 1883, has been

discussion which
has just culminated in the publication by Govern-
ment of a valuable report by an officer of the Survey of
India (Lieut.-Colonel BARRON, B.C.S.) especially deputed to
study the subject on the spot.

Some of the questions connected with land-revenue ad-
ministration which have been engaging the attention of the
Government of these Settlements (1,310 square miles) have
recently been under discussion in a much larger Colony—
Cochin China—and I have thought that it may be of
interest to the members of our Society, and to persons in
the Colony interested in land, if I republish here in English
a paper on the subject which appeared last year in the Bulletin
de la Société des Etudes Indo-Chinotses de Saigon.

I have translated this paper, not because I agree with
the principles which M. CAMOUILLY advocates, but because
I have been desirous of understanding, in what manner
it has been thought possible to carry out, in an Asiatic
Colony, registration of title on the Torrens system with- '
out a preliminary general allotment survey. The argu-
ments of the writer are chiefly directed against any
project for carrying out a cadastral survey, but he does not
seem to realise that some of these arguments, if their
cogency is admitted, will militate equally against the intro-
duction of the Torrens system, which he advocates. ‘“ Never
think,’ says M. CAMOUILLY, “of carrying out a systematic
survey of holdings. Do you know what the effect could be?
Why you would destroy the communal system, by which
the land-revenue is collected in a lump for each village and
would introduce a system of revenue-settlement, holding
by holding, which would give infinite trouble.”

Later on, his argument in favour of the Torrens system
is something of this sort :—‘‘ Annamite land-holders are terribly
fleeced by money-lenders. Give them Government titles and
they will be able to raise money at reasonable rates from respec-
table establishments, Confine your survey to those lots which

272 THE SURVEY QUESTION.

the native land-holders want to bring under the new system.”

The questions which will naturally occur to any one on
comparing these recommendations are :—

Will not the argument about the communal system, which
is said to be a reason for not carrying out a cadastral survey,
apply to the proposal to survey separate holdings and issue
separate titles for them under the Torrens system ?

Suppose that the number of land-holders who apply to
have their lands surveyed and their titles registered be very
large and constantly increasing, will not the Govern-
ment be compelled to carry out what would in effect be a
cadastral survey ?

It cannot be readily admitted that there are any real
grounds for the fear expressed that the system of revenue-
settlement by villages would be prejudiced by a field to field
survey. In British India, the experience is the contrary. It
must not for a moment be supposed that the /ambardari
settlement is abandoned and a razyat-wari settlement intro-
duced as a consequence of cadastral survey.

The expense of isolated surveys of holdings, to be carried
out from time to time, according to demands, by surveyors
stationed here and there throughout the country, would be
fatal to the success of any voluntary scheme for the introduc-
tion of registration of title, and how such isolated surveys
are ever to fit together as one compact and accurate map,
M. CAMOUILLY does not explain. He had forgotten, per-
haps, that in Australia, where he saw and admired the Torrens
system, the survey of a whole tract before the alienation of
any part of it is the rule.

I have to express to the author, whose work | have translat-
ed, and to the Soczété des Etudes—Indo-Chinoises de Saigon,
my hope that they will pardon me for having taken for grant-
ed their permission to reproduce here this interesting paper
on an important subject. IfI donot agree with M. “CAMOs
UILLY, being myself an advocate of a good cadastral survey
as ahelp to good administration, and being sceptical as to
the existence of difficulties which have been overcome in ~
British India, I am able at all events to place his views before
those in this Colony whose opinions may more nearly coin-
cide with his than with mine,

W. E. MAXWiie

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN-CHINA.

(Translated from the “ Bulletin dela Société des Etudes
Indo-Chinotses de Saigon” for the first half-year of 1886.)

HE Colonial Council has lately had under considera-
tion the question of undertaking a cadastral survey
oe of Cochin-China.

a In the course of the debate on the subject (at the

% meeting of the 21st of December, 1885), the Chairman
of the Committee for affazres diverses, himself opposed to the
measure, quoted in support of his opinion a memorandum which
I had drawn up on this question. But though unfavourable to
the proposed survey, this memorandum contained, ona matter
of much more real importance, certain proposals to which
no allusion was made in the Colonial Council, and in respect
of which I think it advisable to lay certain information before
the Committee. I mean the introduction of the Torrens sys-
tem in the Colony.

No subject is more completely within the scope of the
researches to which our Society devotes itself, and there must
evidently be every advantage in seeing this question made the
subject of such discussions as may eventually contribute to
the determination of the steps to be taken in the future. But
before laying before the Council the system which I advocate,
it is necessary to clear the ground of the proposals having
reference to the carrying out of a cadastal survey to which I
alluded just now.

These projects originated with Messrs. A and G ;
with the Administrator of Soctrang, and with the Council of
_ the arrondissement of Bentré, who in 1884 put forward a
resolution on this subject, which was taken up in the Colonial

- Council by the Hon’ble M. C ;

274 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

From the words of the resolution of M. C——, (Fournal
Offictel of the 16th March, 1885), I gather that the local Coun-
cil of Bentré entertained the idea of undertaking, at their
own expense, an allotment survey of the arrondissement ; it
was proposed to ask for authority to take credit in the budget
for a special vote, and for power to fix a scale of charges for
the remuneration of the surveyors employed in the operations.
Where and how these surveyors were to be engaged, the
Council does not say.

The resolution of the representatives of Bentré, another
which emanated from M. C——, and the offers made by
Messrs. A and G have, in point of fact, the same ob-
ject, and what I shall have to say about one of these proposi-
tions, will apply equally to the other two.

The isolated survey of one or even of two arrondissements
being quite objectless, the Colony, if she concurs in these
projects, impliedly undertakes, by so doing, to extend later
on, to the rest of her territory, the allotment survey under-
taken at Soctrang and at Bentré, or in either one of these two
arrondissements.

In reality, therefore, the question which has been brought
before the Colonial Council is one of very great magnitude ;
it is a project so vast that, in comparison with it, the topo-
graphical survey on the scale of 35355 on which the whole
survey staff has been engaged for the last fourteen years,
may be regarded as child’s play.

As a considerable outlay, a large staff, and a period of some
length must thus be necessary for the accomplishment of
this immense work, it ought not to be undertaken without
weighing carefully, on the one side, the cost and the chances
of success ; on the other, the immediate or future advantages
which it may hold out to the Treasury and to individuals.

I shall be obliged, therefore, to go somewhat fully into the
different matters which I have to lay before you, but as we
have to do with a question involving no small demand on
the financial resources of the Colony, its importance must be

my excuse for discursiveness.

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 210
Pee PeASIBILITY AND COST OF THE SURVEY.

It isnecessary, in the first place, to give a general des-
cription of the different operations which make up the
“‘ cadastre,’’ for, as is usual in Cochin-China, the people who
talk the most about the allotment survey seem to be those
who are least well informed as to the circumstances under
which such a work is carried out and maintained.

Nature of survey operations.—A survey, of the nature
of that which has been undertaken in France, has for its
object the ascertaining of the area of holdings and the sum
to be levied thereon by way of revenue.

The plans and areas are consequently made out for
individual holdings having regard either to difference of
proprietorship or the nature of the cultivation. The plans
have to be preceded,—

ist. Bythe definition of the boundaries, of the ‘‘ com-
munes,’’? a work a great portion of which has already
been carried out in the Colony, but being mapped
ona scale of 55455, is useless for the purposes of
the cadastral survey.

2nd. By triangulation, the purpose of which is to fix
with precision certain points selected at convenient
distances one from the other, to which the details
of the survey are thenceforth referred.

The revenue survey is effected with the assistance of
““indicateurs ’’ and with the concurrence of the proprietors
on whom the surveyors serve notices showing in each indi-
vidual cast the position and area of all the lots belonging to
each of them, whether contiguous or scattered here and there
in the commune.

The areas of these lots are afterwards computed and a
list is then prepared describing the proprietors and the hold-
ings.
Commissioners charged with classifying the different kinds
of lands proceed then to assess the revenue which is. to be
leviable on each lot. This is a matter of valuation.

I leave unnoticed the subsequent stages, viz. :—the verifica-

276 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

tion of the plans and the preparation of the maps. .

The survey of France.—The survey of France designed on
these lines is a comparatively recent institution. Its history
is well known, and in treating of an undertaking which has
taken so long, it seems desirable to recall how it has been
carried out in the mother country in order to estimate with
due reference to experience, what chances it has of success in
the Colony.

I shall not deal here with surveys peculiar to certain pro-
vinces, which even before the institution of the fazlle réelle
or even of a regular land-tax were, it is said, undertaken in
nance:

I content myself with asking what could possibly have
been the value of an allotment survey of a district, such as the
Dauphiné for instance, effected with the appliances of the 14th
century. These so-called surveys, if they were ever made,
were in every instance successively abandoned, and in the
18th century there was no trace of them left.

In 1763, a general survey of the kingdom was ordered. In
the furtherance of the policy of government of that period, it
was meant to serve as the basis of the assessment-tax
of 20 c. (5 per cent. ?) which had just been established. This
revenue survey was carried out only in Paris and its neigh-
bourhood. Thetaxof 20c¢. (5 percent. ?) which in 1788 had
already been exchanged for a subscription paid by the pro-
vinces, was replaced in 1791 by a land-tax which retained the
character of a rateable charge upon holdings which the
original assessment had had. “ 3

In this system of contribution, an exemption from charges
by which one proprietor profited was counterbalanced by add-
ing to the share whicha neighbouring proprietor had to pay.
Unfairness of dealing was inevitable inthe absence of a land
survey, and resulted in immediate protests.

The Government, hesitating to embark in the labour and
expense whicha survey would necessarily entail, had recourse,
quite in vain, to half-measures—the revision of the registers ;
the revenue survey of 1,800 communes, the result of which
was to be applied on the principle of analogy to other parts

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. ali

of the territory; compulsory declaration on the part of land-
holders of the areas of their respective properties.

These palliatives produced no improvement ; it was neces-
sary to fall back upon a general survey of the country, and
this was the conclusion arrived atin 1807 by a great com-
mittee of enquiry presided over by the celebrated DELAMBRE.

The regulations having reference to this work are the
object of Chapter X of the law of the 15th September, 1807.

Begun some time afterwards, the survey was only finished
in 1850 with the settlement of Cantal. The accomplishment
of the survey of France has taken, therefore, more than 4o
years ; that of the three departments annexed in 1860 is not
yet completed.

This work has cost one hundred and sixty million francs—
an expenditure justified doubtless by the richness of the
country, the importance of the land-tax, and the variety of
soil, of products and of classes in which those products may be
ranked.

Decided upon, unfortunately, under pressure brought to
bear by the tax-payers with no end in view except the equal
adjustment of the tax ; inspired with the ideas of GALBERT, of
JURGOT and of NECKER, who themselves sought no result from
it but the means of checking arbitrary imposts, the survey of
France is a purely administrative measure, of no use in legal
transactions, and without effect as regards the registration
of ownership.

Even considered from this limited point of view, can this
immense. work be accepted as final? Has it satisfied the
land-owners and the Government? Inno way. Complaints
are still heard on all sides; some departments and some
communes are always being favoured at the expense of less
fortunate districts ; these irregularities are exaggerated at will
by the injured tax-payers, and there is no scheme which law-
makers have not at some time or other proposed, and keep on
proposing daily, in order to attain an even incidence of
taxation.

Cadastral Survey in Cochin-China.—lf{ the authority of
the Description de la Basse-Cochin-Chine is to be trusted,

278 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

the Emperor GIA-LONG began in 1806 the survey of the
Delta. No trace of this work remained, however, at the
time of the conquest, and with his usual penetration, LURO
points out that in documents and deeds before the time of
MINH-MANG the area of lands is never expressed in mau,
a circumstance which seems to exclude the idea of the
existence of an earlier land-survey. It is more likely to have
been a general map of the country that was drawn up in the
time of GIA-LONG, and on this point the ordinarily accurate
author of Gza-dinh Thong Chi is probably mistaken.

It is the Emperor MINH-MANG who really deserves the
merit of having caused the execution of the native survey. In
the 15th year of his reign, this sovereign sent into the
southern provinces a special envoy, under whose direction
a number of mandarin surveyors proceeded, with the con-
currence of the interested parties and the local authorities,
to register and compute the area of every allotment.

In spite of serious errors by which, according to the old
(Native) Rulers, this survey was disfigured, the rapidity with
which it was carried out is astonishing, and to account for it,
one must remember the vigour of the administration of MINH-
MANG, his great severity, and the promptitude with which
his orders were executed.

But I hasten to say it would be most rash to deduce from
this instance, an impression that the execution of the pro-
posed cadastral survey is moderately easy. No analogy can
be established between a register of holdings made without
instruments by men ignorant of the first elements of geometry,
simple eye-sketches barely verified by a few measurements,
and the allotment survey required from our French surveyors.

The results of this work, which was so rapidly completed,
were entered, for every village, in books, the so-called ‘‘ des-
criptions of fields,” Dza-d6. Far superior in this respect to
our /zvres cadastraux (survey record books) in France, these
Dia-b6, according to custom, take the place, toa certain
extent, of the titles to property. It has been by amalgamating
with these the supplementary registers (cahiers de correction )
that the revenue-roll has since been drawn up; but this

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 279

collection of documents seems to have been very badly kept,
and I do not suppose that it is of any great use now.

Schemesdrawnup by the Survey Department.—The topo-
graphical department have, on their part, had under con-
sideration the expenditure necessary for the execution of a
cadastral survey of the Colony, and there exist in their archives
two estimates, originating, one from M. BATAILLE, Chef de
Section, and the other from the lamented M. BOILLOUX.

By M. Bataille, Chef de Section—From information
furnished by officers of Government and by surveyors, M.
BATAILLE, in 1879, estimated, not very accurately, I fancy,
the cultivated area of the Colony, the only portion to be
surveyed, at 650,000 hectares.* Witha staff of 24 Europeans
and 37 natives, costing 377,948 francs and surveying annually
40,800 hectares, M. BATAILLE reckoned that the allotment
survey of these 650,000 hectares would take 16 years and
would cost 6,048,000 francs ; this would be g francs 26 cmes.
a hectare.

In these calculations, M. BATAILLE has omitted to include
the cost of valuation, and of determining and marking boun-
daries; nor has he foreseen that a third of the staff will
always be either ill or on leave, for he takes it for granted
that the whole staff will be always at work at the same time ;
finally, he has not given a thought to the cost of keeping up
the survey when once completed.

By M. Boilloux, Chef de Service.—M. BOILLOUX has
taken these various matters into account. He supposes,
further, that before this survey could be completed three-fifths
of the Colony would be under cultivation. It is on the
revenue survey of this area of about 3,600,000 hectares that
he has based his calculations.

For the execution of this work, M. BOILLOUX estimated
that there would be required a staff of, first, 84 Europeans
supplying on an average 40 surveyors employed on the
revenue survey, secondly, 105 natives, as demarcators and
draftsmen. Hecalculated the annual cost to be 1,456,549

* 1 hectare = 2.471 acres.

280 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

francs. He set down the survey of four villages as the annual
work to be expected from each of the forty surveyors, and
concluded consequently that 16 years would be the period
required for the survey of 2,460 * villages.

According to this scheme, to carry out the survey would
involve an expenditure of the sum of 23,304,784 francs. But
in this sum-total M. BOILLOUX did not include the cost of
purchase and erection of permanent boundary-marks defining
cantons, villages, and holdings ; he supposed these charges to
be borne by the communes and by private individuals. Al-
lowing 40 boundary-marks to each village, at a cost of 5
francs per mark, there is an expenditure of 500,000 francs to
be added to the estimate of M. BOILLOUx for the demarca-
tion of villages alone. This sum must be increased ten-fold
to arrive at the cost of the permanent demarcation of private
properties.

To maintain and turn to account this work, which 189
Engineers and Overseers will have thus completed in 16
years, a staff of 124 persons, exclusive of revenue officers and
valuers must be kept up, and under this heading M. BOILLOUX
estimated an annual expenditure of 960,633 francs. At the rate
of 5% this sum represents a capital of 19,212,660francs,
which added to the cost of thesurvey, namely, 23,304,784 francs

— —_—_ _______ ___

makes a total of a ee 42,517,444 francs

as the expenditure which, in the opinion of M. BOILLOUx,
would be required to carry out and maintain a cadastral
survey. According to these calculations the cost of the allot-
ment survey and the registration staff amounts to 1o francs
75 cmes. per hectare. .

These sums speak for themselves. But, even so, granting
the data (open to question though they are) on which M.
BOILLOUX’S calculations are based, the sums for which he
asks appear to me to be insufficient.

In these calculations, in which, at first sight, he seems to

* 2.560 (2)—W. E. M.

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 281

have allowed for all contingencies, M. BOILLOUX has neglect-
ed to take into account the mistakes and disappointments which
are inevitable here in an undertaking of this kind. He has
not taken into consideration that, where such a large staff
is employed, in spite of all the care taken in recruiting, a
comparatively large number of important hands must be
non-effectives, spending without producing; that of the 84
surveyors employed at the start, very few would see the end
of the work; that provision must therefore be made for re-
placing them and for the instruction of their successors ; all
this at a very considerable outlay, which he has not taken
into account.

On the other hand, in reckoning on three-fifths of the Colony
being under cultivation before the completion of the survey, M.
BOILLOUX seems to me to have been led into exaggeration
in the opposite direction.

These three and-a-half million hectares willno doubt be
under the plough some day, but this can only be in the
distant future, much further off than the end of the 16 years
allowed by M. BoILLoUx. To obtain such an extension of
cultivation, so rapidly, it would be necessary to take in hand
the reclamation, by means of canals and embankments, of
the unreclaimed swamp which comprises one-half of the Colony,
and to populate the lands thus gained by forming new villages
on them. At no great outlay, I fancy, a large part of the
extensive marshes to the north of Cholon and of Tanan, those
of the plain of Reeds ( Foncs) of Baclieu, Cantho, Soctrang,
Longxuyen and Chaudoc and even perhaps the vast unin-
habited tracts of Rachgia, Camau and Hatien might be drain-
ed sufficiently to allow of their conversion into paddy-fields.

But these drainage works on which, in my opinion, the
Colony ought to concentrate its greatest energy, must, it
seems, be reserved for another generation, and one cannot,
therefore, take as a basis for calculation the results which
may be produced by them.

It is necessary to seek elsewhere grounds on which to
base estimates which the periodical recurrence of these

visionary schemes induces me, in my turn, to present to you
to-day.

282 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

On the 31st December, 1884, the cultivable area, measured
by the topographical staff, amounted to about 730,000 hectares.
The cultivated land of the arrondissements or of the cantons
remaining still to be surveyed was approximately 70,000
hectares.

We may, therefore, consider 800,000 hectares to be the
cultivable area which will be shewn in the returns of cultiva-
tion furnished by the topographical staff when the survey on

been finished. But some arrondissements and those not the
least important ones were surveyed before the remarkable
activity which has been shewn recently in jungle-clearing, and
it must be remembered that the returns do not shew the
present state of the cultivation of those sub-divisions, but on
an average that of the years 1881-1882.

dhe Colony-exportedtin rss ae. oe of pad-
sf ,, 1882, ... 6,160,000 J “dy andiee:

——«

Total,,.. 10,370,000

Average for two years,... 5,165,000

Allowing ten piculs to each inhabitant, the local consumption
may have amounted in each one of these years to 16,300,000
For seed (,; of the harvest) there must have

been required, g00,000
The average produce for the years 1881 and

1882 must therefore have been, ... ... 22,400,000

Whersexporexrose im, 1833) toy ee .. = 8,620,006

” ) 1884 ” ay 8,445,000

Total,.... 17,073,698
Average, ... 8,538,000
The local consumption, which must have
slightly increased may be put down for each
Of these years at, 9)... rae <. 16,600;006

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 283

For seed there must have been required, ... 1,040,000
Average produce of each of the last two years, 26,180,000
Average of the years 1881 and 1882 brought

forward, ... pee o 2. 22,400,000

Increase, .:2 -43)800;000

There does not seem to have been any noticeable improve-
ment in the attention given to the land or in the choice of
seed, during the last three years ; the climatic conditions have
remained about the same, there is no reason, therefore, why
the return per hectare for 1883 and 1884 should have been
appreciably larger than that of the two preceding years. It
is in the extension of the area taken up for cultivation that
we are compelled to look for the cause of the increase in
value of production, the sum of which may consequently
enable us to calculate the extent of the accession to the area
planted with rice.

The Annamites divide the paddy-fields into five classes pro-
ducing from 35 to 15 piculs of rice per hectare. Opened by
people without much capital, on land not yet sufficiently pre-
pared for cultivation, and in any case far inferior as regards soil
to the splendid paddy-lands which date from ancient times, the
new grain-fields may, in general, be ranked in the 3rd class,
that which produces 25 piculs to the hectare. The quotient
found by dividing 3,800,000 by 25 would give, therefore,
approximately the extent of land lately brought under culti-
vation. This would seem to be 152,000 hectares and this
has to be added to the total of the cultivated area as com-
puted by the topographical department, namely 800,000
hectares, in order to find out the total of the cultivated area
of the Colony, which may thus be put at 950,000 hectares.

Other kinds of cultivation, with the exception, perhaps, of
some betel-nut gardens, are so little developed that it seems
useless to take them into account.

If, then, like Messrs. BATAILLE and BOILLOUX, I were to
lay down 16 years as the period necessary for the completion

284, THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

of a cadastral survey, I should have to add to the above total
of 950,000 hectares the iand gradually opened up for cultiva-
tion during that period. Taking into account the results of
the last two years, and always remembering that the popula-
tion must soon begin upon the marshes, which will be more
and more difficult to reclaim, | estimate, somewhat arbitrarily
no doubt, that in this coming period of 16 years the area
under cultivation will be increased by 500,000 hectares.

The survey then must be applied to a surface of 1,450,900
hectares.

Estimating the cost of the survey and establishment at 11
francs the hectare, the expenditure would amount to about
16,000,000 francs.

The survey of France, which, in consequence of the rise in
the price of everything in recent times, would be a much
more serjous undertaking now-a-days, cost 150 million francs,
or about 3 francs a hectare.

For this country, the salaries assigned to surveyors must
be multiplied by three, and though a revenue-survey may be
carried out more easily in the Colony, it must be remembered
that an operator employed here will turn out, on an average,
only about two-thirds of the work of one of equal ability and
industry working in France. As the two circumstances last
stated nearly counterbalance each other, it is sufficient to take
into consideration only the difference of salaries, and, look-
ing to this fact only, we may safely put down the cost of the
survey at g francs the hectare. My estimate of 11 francs,
which includes the registration establishment, would, there-
fore, probably be rather under the mark.

Having taken all possible care to reduce everything that
can possibly be objected to as exaggerated in M. BOILLOUx’s
figures, I have now to give my opinion as to the chances of
success, which, whatever may be its cost, the cadastral sur-
vey would have.

Here is my opinion in two WOrGsS =

I. The cadastral survey, if it is undertaken, will never be
finished.

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 285

II]. Whatever portion of it is completed will never be kept
up and its value will be lost.

On these two points, I entertain the most absolute convic-
tion. I know the Colony well enough not to be afraid that
future events will prove me to have been wrong.

lille
Lhe Use of the Survey of the Colony.

I have shown above at what a heavy figure the expense of
a cadastral survey must necessarily ee estimated.

I have not attempted to conceal the small amount of con-
fidence I entertain of the success of ick an undertaking.

It only remains to give my opinion as to its utility, and on
this point I shall speak even more plainly. The cadastral
survey (cadastre), giving the word the meaning it possesses
in our language, and in our system of administration, that
survey which has, up to the present time, been kept in view
in the Colony, and in reference to which the schemes which
| have just reviewed have been drawn up, such a survey has
no raison ad’ étre here, it would be useless; much more, it
would do actual harm.

We found in Cochin-China an admirable institution which
used to be of the greatest service to the Annamite Govern-
ment, and which, to us strangers ta the lands, the language
and the customs of the population, has been still more use-
ful; I refer to the Annamite system of district-government
by nes, an institution which, instead of trying to ruin
by awkward administrative importations, we _ ourselves,
weakened as we are by centralisation, might perhaps seek to
introduce into the mother-country for the good of the nation.

The native commune has been much encroached upon
already, at all events, as regards the collection of the direct
taxes (and this is one of ‘its most important functions) ; it
still exists with its principal attributes. Beyond the twentieth
arrondissement, the Government has no need to know the
1,600,000 inhabitants of the Colony. It is sufficient to com-
municate with the 2,450 municipalities by the medium of

whom the taxes are collected without documents, prosecu-
tions or expense.

286 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

I will not deny that abuses may arise from this mode of
procedure, but such abuses are not the result of French admi-
nistration, they have existed, and in a much greater degree,
from time immemorial ; they are less felt in all that regards the
assessment of allotments for land revenue than in any other
matter, and they do not affect the interests of the Treasury
in any way.

The Officers of Government who know by the computa-
tions of the (topographical) survey the exact area of land
under cultivation in each village, can in fact maintain a check
upon the full collection of the land revenue, nor do they fail
to do so, and in arrondissements where the holdings have
been completely surveyed, the difference discovered between
the actual cultivated area and that on which revenue is paid
is comparatively unimportant, it amounts to about one-fortieth.

Area under cultiva-

Difference. _
tion.
Sx ve ro Oo ! S|
= 5 2 wee E > ee Remarks.
Avromensses | (SO. | Slas Ore ni 2
ments. BON Os han ae isan byl wv
SE eye EGS 0) 2
Se Sk al © =
ee yes a ee @
ae H ie ; Jel Be dee Hectares.\ Hectares.
Baviaray 10,283) HOS 43) seer 225
Bienhoa, 29,050) 20,143 256.07) aneee
Saigon, Aq, SFO 57, QOONe cm OnenT
Cholon, 59,952) 65,834 5,082
Gocong, BIOS) Bs GO2 505 |Deficiency 22,042
Excess 75330
Tanan, 42,805) 43,499 034 :
Mytho, OQO,OBRS) UO2)7lOO) ace Zoi 14578
Bentré, SUL Oeo| OLZV2| Of6) ...
Vinhlong, . CGO! — WS OLG| BxO7B| 020
Sadec, S100) Se, AAE)) ane 1,238
544,893, 561,499] 7,336! 22,042

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 287

At Travinh and at Soctrang, the difference seems to be
more considerable. Although the survey of these arrondisse-
ments is not yet finished, the cultivated area, according to the
calculations of the survey department, already exceeds the
area on which revenue is paid, in Travinh by 7,603 hectares,
and in Soctrang by 3,211 hectares. But there can be no
doubt that when the topographical survey of these arrondisse-
ments is finished, the local officials will hasten to take ad-
vantage of the materials for a check furnished to them by
the cultivation returns, to secure accuracy in the revenue
declarations of the villages.

Thus, without any expense whatever, and without even
the European staff being brought into contact with the tax-
payers, the land revenue is collected at the present time
almost without arrears. The cadastral survey once effected,
the collective liabilty of the commune would be transformed
into the personal contribution of the individual and all the
arrondissements would thus become vingtiémes. Every ad-
ministrateur, or rather every controleur, for officials of this
nature will have to be created, would have to open registers
of holdings, to keep a record of numerous mutations of title,
and to keep nominal rolls which the central office will have
to verify entry by entry. Next, the tax gatherer will come
and he will have to serve a notice of demand on every tax-
payer, to see him, to listen to his excuses, and to sue him
and levy an attachment in case of non-payment.

Attachment on what? The Annamites have no furniture,
the animals used in cultivation are as much landed property
as the fields themselves. For arrears to the amount of $2
could one go as far as to seize immoveable property ?

In an arrondissement which is subject to the assessment of
one-fifth, the Government expends, in order to collect the
land-revenue, forty per cent., perhaps, of the sum realised. Ido
not profess to say that the same thing must necessarily occur
in all arrondissements, for in the latter the payments may be
heavier, but at least it is not rash to suppose that the cost of
assessing and collecting the revenue will be considerable ;
that the collections will far exceed the utmost expectations of

288 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

those who hold the most optimist of opinions—as far as | am
concerned, I distinctly deny.

Everything being taken into consideration, the immense
labour which the direct taxation of individuals will entail upon
the Government, will result in the reduction, in a sensible
degree, of the actual sum realised by the land-tax, and further,
in consequence of the transport charges which will have to be
incurred, will increase the burden on the native population.

This, therefore, is what would be the probable result of
effecting a cadastral survey, with its natural consequence, the
separate direct liability of each land-holder for the land-tax.

I have already stated what a.large establishment it would
be necessary to keep up in order to secure the due working
of these institutions. I need not go on to point out how
greatly increased the Central Government will find their
work and responsibility to be, by having to control and direct
an entirely new financial department, with the public works
necessitated by it.

Almost the whole of Eastern Indo-China is being laid open,
at the present day, to our action, and in order to fulfil the
mission thus imposed upon it, the Government has need of
all its liberty ; is this the time for the introduction here of
reforms, or rather of useless changes, the putting of which
into operation will absorb all our attention and the sole re-
sult of which will be to accentuate the differences which may
exist between Cochin-China and Tonkin, to the prejudice of
the administrative union of the two Colonies ?

Let us rather respect what still survives of the organisation of
the Annamite commune, this institution will be invaluable
to us in Tonkin; thanks to it, we govern Cochin-China easily.
But we take advantage of it in an ungrateful spirit, and we
shall not appreciate its benefits until the day when its dis-
appearance shall enable us to judge how well it served us
when we had it.

OT:
Means of introducing the Torrens System into Cochin-China.

I shall now pass to another subject, in which I trust to be
able to interest the Committee in a more special manner.

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 289

All administrators and lawyers who have to deal with
questions relating to loans on landed security and on agricul-
tural property, are acquainted, in its general features at least,
with the ingenious system invented at Melbourne* by the
Hon’ble Mr. TORRENS + and so properly called after his name.

Land-owners in Australia who are desirous of bringing
their land under the Torrens system, send in their title-deeds
to a special office, where they are examined, in the same
manner as the titles of a vendor are scrutinised by the pur-
chaser, and where, after this verification, they are entered,
feed be, 1 reeisters kept for this purpose. In considera-
tion of a small payment, thee Government certifies thence-
forth that the person named in the title (forteur du titre)
has the right to dispose at will of his property, free from all
charge, and undertakes to indemnify those who advance
money upon it, in case of eviction.

These titles may thenceforth be employed as freely as
negotiable instruments; they become regular securities (des
véritables warrants), and are transferred, and pass from hand
to hand with the same facility. Simple promissory notes
afford in this way the same security as mortgages of real
property, and land becomes the safest medium of credit.

In Australia, where, in many respects, land is not more
valuable than here, the Torrens system has produced very
remarkable results ; the costs of conveyancing, so heavy in
English possessions, have falien to next to nothing; dealings
are put through without delay, and in no single case (at least
up to 1878) has the liability of the Colonies been brought into
question.

The analogy which exists between the Torrens system and
the practice which obtains among the Annamites of guaran-
teeing possession of land by the issue of title-deeds, struck
me forcibly during my stay in Australia, and I have ever
since thought that the adoption of the former here would be
in the highest degree useful and very easy.

* At Adelaide.—W. E. M.
7 The late Sir R. R. Torrens.—W. E. M.

290 THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA.

All the reflection which I have bestowed on the subject
since has only confirmed me in this idea.

Annamite law does not recognise any absolute rights in
real property, whether express or implied.

Native land-holders only borrow, ordinarily at the sowing
season, on an undertaking to repay the advance at harvest,
eight months afterwards.

ihey are the victims of the most frightful usury.

There exist at Saigon great money-lending institutions *
which would find every advantage in embarking in these
agricultural loans. Their intervention would at once reduce
by four-fitths the rate of interest which the native land-holders
pay at present. Perhaps, even, the Bank of Indo-China would
be willing, in consideration of the deposit of title-deeds, to
make the necessary advances to cultivators.

All these different ciscumstances tell greatly in favour of
the adoption of the Torrens system, and the natives who
seem to have had an intuitive idea of the principle, would at
once appreciate the benefits derivable from it. |

Should the Torrens law (/’acte Torrens) be appliedto the
Colony, it would be necessary to undertake, not a cadastral
survey (cadastre), but a registration of holdings (/evé) and
the demarcation, with the concurrence of contiguous pro-
prietors (délimitation contradictoire) of those lands the
owners of which might apply to have them brought under the
new system. New titles of uniform tenor, drawn up in ac-
cordance with a form agreed upon, would be issued then to
the parties entitled. cf

Surveyors attached to the principal arrondissements might
be entrusted, in such numbers as the demand for their ser-
vices might require, with the scientific part of the work; the
civil functionary in charge, an officer deputed by the dzrection
de lintérieur {possibly an employé des domaines), the chef
du canton, and a headman selected in the village would pro-
nounce upon the titles ot the land-holders, would exercise a
careful watch over the interests of third persons and of the

* The Bank of Indo-China, the statutes of which might easily be modified ;
the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and the Chartered Bank.

THE SURVEY QUESTION IN COCHIN CHINA. 291

Colony, would sign, with the parties interested, the descriptions
of boundaries, and would prepare the new certificates of title.

The costs of these proceedings might be charged in part
to those land-holders on whose account they are incurred, the
balance would not be a very heavy charge on the local budget.

Ina short time, and without undue expense, the Govern-
ment would, I believe, by this means, accomplish the defini-
tion and demarcation of holdings. And these combined
measures would not only facilitate the enforcement of the
Torrens system, but, by determining the extent and the
boundaries of holdings, they would operate in putting an end
to the numerous law-suits to which boundary questions give
mise. *

None of these advantages can be hoped for from the
cadastral survey.

CAMOULIERY.

_* Number of suits tried in 1884, in which claims to land or disputes about
boundaries were the cause of action :—

Court of Binh-hoa ... nots ih 66
Mytho, = Sn Boe 13
Chaudoc, ... sf eee 9S
Vinhlong No returns furnished.
Bentrey, 1) 2: ss see Wee (8)

Soctrang, ... one Ee 1g

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.

To his Annual Report on the Forest Department for
1886, Mr. CANTLEY, Superintendent of the Botanical Gardens,
Singapore, has added some notes on Economic Plants—notes
to which it seems desirable to give wider publicity than can
_ be obtained by incorporation in a volume of “‘ Proceedings of
baeeveegisiative Council.” They are, therefore, reprinted
here.

The introduction of trees and plants into countries in which
they are not indigenous often involves, if the acclimatisation
is successful, a growth of nomenclature which creates puzzles
for future philologists. ‘‘Tobacco’’ and ‘‘ananas’”’ have
gradually been adopted, in varying forms, by all the languages
of the East, but what are we to say of “ zamrose,’’ the name
given in Mauritius to one of the jambu family, perhaps the
rose-apple (jambosa vulgaris), which seems to be an odd
mixture of the Malay and English words ?

In Penang, where the cho-cho (sechtum edule) is called
“the Bainie fruit,’ aname has been established which will
perhaps find a place some day in dictionaries and glossaries.
The vegetable in question was first grown at Bellevue on
Penang Hill in 1865 by the Recorder, Sir BENSON MAXWELL,
to whom one ripe specimen was presented by Mr. ROBERT
BAIN, a merchant in the island. The name of the new pro-
duct was not known, and it was christened by the children of
the family after the donor. The plant has grown freely on
Penang Hill ever since, and is known both to Europeans and
natives in Penang by the name invented in the nursery of
the Recorder’s family.

What is now being done by a Government Department in

294, NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

a report of this kind to inform and educate the public as to
the value of tropical products, was attempted here in 1836 by
Colonel Low, who published a “ Dissertation’ on Agriculture
in the Straits. Mr. CANTLEY would do good service if he,
like Colonel Low, would attempt to get trustworthy statis-
tics of the yield of rice and other grain and of various kinds
of fruit, etc., in the several Settlements, and of the profit to be
expected from cultivation of all sorts.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 295

ANTE JeMISL SIDED. a

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

The following Notes on Economic Plants are made with a
view to the encouragement of minor industries. Sufficient
time has not yet elapsed since the establishment of the Expe-
rimental Nurseries to obtain complete information, but that
given below may be useful in shewing the tendency towards
results, in the absence of more complete details.

Iii ESTES Fh Eire te

MAuRITIUS HEMP (f'urcrza gigantea) continues to grow
with great vigour in the Nurseries, and several thousand plants
have been disposed of to planters for trial. The price realized
for good fibre is about £28 per ton in London, and if the fibre
can be prepared here at say 5 cents per pound, its profitable

a

cultivation is no doubt possible.

MANILA Heme (Musa textilis) grows well. When first
planted it takes longer,to send up suckers than the common
Banana does, but once ‘established it grows freely.

In Manila, on good soil, the plantations are renewed only af-
ter a period of about 20 years. The present market value ol
the fibre is from £30 to £40 per ton in London, and as labour
is about equally as cheap in the Straits as in Manila, the plant
is no doubt capable of profitable cultivation in favourable
localities.

SUNN HEMP (Crotalaria zuncea).—Common in a wild state
all over the Settlements, and grows well in ordinary soil.
Some attempt to utilize the plant should be made, as the fibre
commands a good price in the market.

PENGUIN HEMP (Brome/ia sylvestris) grows with remark-
able vigour. Itis one of the pine-apple tribe, but the leaves

296 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

are much longer than those of the pine- men plant. It suc-
ceeds best under the treatment pine-apples require.

RHEA or CHINA GRASS (Loehmeria nivea) grows well in
rich moist soils, and now that a simple | Droge: for the extraction
of the fibre from the wood by steaming has been hit upon, its
manufacture, considering the high price obtained for the fibre,
is worthy of careful trial, especially on land where sugar culti-
vition has ceased to be remunerative owing to low prices, and
where the ground is not marshy.

PLANTAIN and BANANA FIBRE (d/usa sapintum).— The
common plantain or banana yields a good fibre worth about
£15 aton. I observed when in Sélangor a wild banana which
grew there with great luxuriance, in appearance the plant
looked very like M/usa textil’s and it is probable it will be
found to yield a very good marketable fibre.

f : : :
From the Kew Gardens" Bulletin of April last I learn that in
Jamaica a red banana produces fibre worth £25 per ton; the
plant is probably the same as the red’banana of the Straits.

LALANG (/mperatia Kenigit).—Lalang has been found to
produce good papermaking material, but as the grass had to
be transported to England in bales, only the longest grass
containing stout fibrous stems was found to pay. The land
that will ‘support ¢ grass of such a robust nature, will also grow
more valuable crops. The quantity of material available for
paper-making in the Straits, including bamboos, pine-apple
leaves, wood, &c., would seem to warrant’the establishment
here of a permanent paper factory. ~~ ;

PINE APPLE FIBRE (Ananassa sativa ).—In reterence to
pine-apple fibre, Mr. Morris writing in the Kew Bulletin,
already referred to, observes as follows -—" Alt hough not
‘‘ much at present in commercial use, the fibre has a future
of considerable importance halo it; It- is finer vane
‘ a than that yielded by any other plant. A beauti-
ful fabric known as Pita cloth is made from it. A rope of
pine-apple tibre #? inches. in circumference bore a strain of
57 cwt.”

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

(9

wr

MuDAR FIBRE (Calotropis gigantea).—Plants of Mudar
have been in demand during the past year. The plant on
hand is apparently the white variety, and grows very freely
in almost any soil. The downy substance contained in the
follicles or seed pods is the part most valued, but the stem
also yields a fibre, which is said to be superior to the common
Calotropis which by branching more is less valuable. The
plant also yields a Gutta. The juice of ten average plants
is said to yield about a pound of Gutta.

COTTON (Gossypium arboreum).—Cotton is found to do
well on alluvial deposits on the plains and also on hills up to an
elevation of about 2,000 feet as a first crop after the removal
of virgin forest, but the soil of the Straits generally is unsuited
for the cultivation of Cotton, being too clayey and retentive.

KAPOK (Evriodendron anfranctuosum).—The cultivation of
Kapok is attracting much attention. The plant is of rapid
growth and steer well on ordinary soils. Its cultivation in
the Straits can hardly fail to be profitable under good ma-

nagement.

INDIAN Hemp (Cannabis sativa) grows, but shews no hope
of profitable production, the fibre being five times shorter
than it naturally is when grown in a congenial climate.

OTHER FiBRES.—The following fibre-producing plants are
also found to grow well in the Straits:—American aloe, Hibis-

cus of sorts, Bowstring hemp of sorts, Cus-cus, Palm and
andan fibres, and numerous plants belonging to the Urtica-
Pandan fib d ous plants belonging to the Urt
cez, Verbenacez and Malvacez families. Jute has not been
rie e seed requisitio not havi ived in time, bu
tried, th 1 requisitioned not having arrived in t but
I have hope of the plant succeeding.

OILS.

CITRONELLA GRASS (Andropogon nardus) and LEMON
GRASS (Andropogon citratus)—The cultivation of these
grasses would appear not to receive sufficient attention. Their
growth in the Straits is all that can be desired, and the
cultivation pays well when properly attended to.

298 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

RuSA OIL GRASS (Andropogon schenanthes) does not seem
to be known in the Straits, and so far I have not been able
to procure plants, but that it will succeed here there is but
little doubt.

CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).—Among recent introduc-
tions, this is by far the most promising. It seems to have
found a climate and soil entirely to its liking in the Straits.
The plant bears heavy crops of fruit, its cultivation will no
doubt prove a profitable investment.

ILLUPI OIL (Bassza latifolia).— Plants of this valuable oil
tree do not appear to succeed well in Singapore.” Dhey are
much preyed upon by insects, and although the tree is found
in a wild state at no great distance, it has refused so far to
grow satisfactorily in this island.

CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis).—Castor oil is now large-
ly used in the manufacture of soap, for machinery and other
purposes. In the Straits the plant grows with great vigour,
and under proper treatment its cultivation should pay. Some
Chinese made an attempt to cultivate the plant in Malacca
some years ago. The attempt was a failure in point of profit-
able return, and no one else seems to have tried it since then,
I have strong reason to think, however, that the plant used
was an inferior variety, z. e., the variety common in the Straits,
the cultivation of which could hardly have been expected
to be profitable. The failure has had the effect of discourag-
ing others, but there would seem no good reason to be dis-
couraged so long as the plant has not had a proper trial.

Cocoa-NuT OIL (Cocos nucifera}—Little need be said of
this well-known oil, but it is found that the plant does not
yield sufficient crops to pay, when grown more than about
half-a-mile from the sea; when grown in the interior of
Singapore the crops obtained are said to be only sufficient to
cover cost of labour.

OLivE OIL (Olea europea)—The olive plants introduced
in 1885 and planted on Penang Hiil are making very satisfac-
tory growth, and I am in hope of its proving well adapted for
cultivation on mountains and high lands generally.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 299

BEN OIL TREE (Moringa pterogysperma) is everywhere
cultivated in the Straits for its leaves and roots, which are used
as vegetables, but apparently no attempt has been made to
manufacture oi! from the tree.

KAyU PUTEH OIL (Melaleuca leucodendron).—Whole for-
ests of this tree exist in Malacca, but little attention seems to
be given to the manutacture of oil from the plant as is done
elsewhere. The tree yields many useful produce, but oil may
be looked upon as the most valuable, and it could, no doubt,
be extracted from it at a rate which would give a good
margin of profit.

GINGELLY OIL (Sesamum indicum) grows wild all over the
country, and bears abundance of seed from which oil might
be profitably extracted. ‘The seed contains 50% of oil, and
Same taree crops a year may be had. The oil is used for
soap-making, in perfumery, and to adulterate almond oil,
which it much resembles. In India one million acres is said
to be under cultivation of Sesamum.

Woop OIL (Difterocarpus spp.).—At present wood oil in
paying quantity is obtained only from primeval forest. I would
however suggest that indigenous trees yielding wood oil and
gutta percha be planted for pepper supports. ‘The time they
will require to make supports will be about seven years, at
which date the temporary supports (Dadup or deadwood )
could be removed. Acting on this principle, a time would
arrive when the supports w vould become a source of consider-
able revenue, probably greater that the pepper crop, whereas
at present they are generally a source of trouble and expense.

ERULTS.

PEACH (Amygdalus persica) —The successful acclimatiza-
tion of the peach tree in the Straits is a work of the Forest
Department which has already borne fruit, and very excellent
fruit too; the trees have now borne three crops in succession,
which shews that they are in earnest, and it is not too much
to hope that, when the tree gets widely distributed among
Chinese cultivators, peaches will become a common fruit in
the bazaars of the colony.

300 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

APPLE (Pyrus malus).—Very good apples have been pro-
ducd by the plants introduced from Sydney. I did not attach
much importance CO he whigse \cLop mes plants with fruiting
branches (buds) ripened before their arrival will generally
produce a first crop, but that the plants are now producing
good fruits from Colonial ripened wood shews that they have

adapted themselves to the altered circumstances of climate

Coco\ PLUM (Chrysodalanus icaco)—-The cocoa plum of
the West Indies came into bearing during the year for the
first time in the Straits. The plants were received originally
from Kew. On being removed from their pots and planted
in the open ground they srew with great rapidity, and when
about six feet in height came into fruit which they have

ripened 1 in fair quantity.

PINE-APPLE (Axanassa sativa):—The following pine-apple
plants have been collected from various sources and are now
growing in the Experimental Nursery, viz. :—Black Jamaica,
Cay enne, Queen, Mauritius and New Providence. It is un-
fortunate that of all those just named the Mauritius, a very
inferior kind, is the only one extensively cultivated here. time
only will w ork a change. I would here mention that the pro-
fitable introduction of a new product (fruit or vegetable) into
a Chinese bazaar is a more difficult thing than most people
imagine, the Griental taste once educated to a certain thing,
even though an inferior article, is clung to with a persistence
truly memmaneale I would observe Sedyes that the pine-
apple everywhere known here under the name “ Mauritius”
is not known in that colony, and that the sugar-cane known
in Mauritius under the name of “ Penang” is not found here.

LIME BERRIES (7riphasia trifoliata).—The fruit of this
plant is preserved in Manila and sent to the London market.
The plant produces fruit here in great plenty, and will no
doubt be found topay here as well as in Manila.

BREAD Nut (Srosimum alicastrum), and BRAZIL-NUT
(Bertholetia excelsa).—| hese plants continue to grow with
unabated vigour, the first planted are now about ae elve feet
in height, and I have hopes of their producing useful fruit
in the Colony.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 30]

ALLIGATOR PEAR. (Persea gratissima).—Vhis highly es-
teemed fruit tree 1s now in bearing in the Nursery. About
two years ago when only a small plant it was removed from
the Botanic Gardens where its growth had stood stationary
_for some years, but since being planted in more congenial soil
it has grown with great freedom.

DATE PALM (Phenix dactylifera)—Being often asked as
to the possibility of dates being grown in the Straits, I may
observe that our climate is altogether unsuitable for the cul-
tivation of the plant or any of its varieties, of which there are
over ahundred. The date grows well only in hot, dry climates,
in localities where its roots can find a sufficiency of moisture.
The plant exists in this Colony.

COMMON FIG (ficus carica).— The common fig ripens fruit
in the Straits very freely, but is much subject to attack from
insects. A few drops of kerosine oil applied to the parts at-
tacked will keep the ants away for about a week when another
application becomes necessary. ‘The underground portion of
the stem is generally the part attacked first. Fruits which have
attained full size but are backward in ripening may be brought
to maturity in a few days by the application of a little olive
oil to the extremity of the fruit.

NATIVE FRUITS.—It is notorious that the supply of native
fruits, such as Durian ane Mangosteen, is not sufficient to meet
the local demand, and still oreherds are not being extended
with any great rapidity. So faras [ have been able to discover,
there seemstwo causes for this. The first is, that nearly all the
land accessible tosmall cultivators on which fruit trees can be
grown easily in Singapore and Penang is already under cul-
tivation; and the second appears to oe, that the growers in
Malacca where land is available and who are chieily Malays,
are indifferent to money-making further than sufficient for their
daily requirements.

‘he foreign demand for Mangosteen plants has hecome
somewhat excessive since the hee has been found to fruit in
East Africa and East and West Indies.

ORANGES.—Every effort has been made to get together as
large a collection ot orange plants as pos ssible in the hope that

302 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

at least a few may be found to fruit freely. So far, orange
cultivation in the Straits has not been very successful, the
plants grow freely enough, but produce but little fruit. Some
China oranges planted on the Woodneuk Estate in Singapore
produced during the first year a perfect crop of yellow oranges,
next year a crop of a greener nature, and the third crop was
entirely green. For some years past they have ceased pro-
ducing edible fruit. How far cultivation may be to blame for
these results is not known, but the stock now on hand will
shew what can be done to acclimatize and cultivate this favou-
rite fruit.

BEVERAGES.

LIBERIAN COFFEE (Coffea liberica) is becoming an establish-
ed product of the Straits, but its proper cultivation is far from
being properly understood. Drainage is too little attended to
by some; others by starting the plant in very rich compost
change the character of the roots to an extent that unsuits
them for penetration of the natural soil. When these errors
and some others get corrected, the adaptability of the plant
for cultivation here will then shew itself in its true character.
Plants of this Coffee are under various treatment in the
Experimental Nursery, but it would be premature at present
to detail these, I may state however that the plant will not
bear manuring in the ordinary way when in fruit, manure
should therefore be applied in liquid form, or as top dressing,
when given to encourage the welling of the berries. When
the soil is disturbed around the plant when in fruit, a large -
number of the berries wither and die owing to the destruction
of rootlets in the manuring process, and which renders the act
a loss instead of a gain.

MAROGOGEPIE COFFEE (Coffea sp.)—Three plants of the
Coffee known as ‘‘ Marogogepie ’ and very favourably reported
on some little time ago by the Brazilian Minister of Agriculture,
were received from Kew during the year and have grown with
less vigour than the Liberian kind, but with almost double
that of Arabian Coffee (Coffea arabica). ‘he leaves are some-
what larger than the Arabian kind, so that the plant seems
from its growth to approach an intermediate form between
Coffea liberica and Coffea arabica, and is not as yet affected

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 303

by the disease. Should it prove as well adapted to our soil
as Coffea liberica does, keep free from disease, and have a
distinct cropping season, it will no doubt supersede all other
kinds in the Straits.

ARABIAN COFFEE (Coffea arabica).—the Arabian coffee
planted in the Nursery Hooks healthy, but grows slowly.
Hybridization may probably re-establish it in cultivation.

BENGAL COFFEE (Coffea bengalense)—The growth made
by Bengal coffee does not look promising, the plants are still
small however and may not shew their true character.

CHOCOLATE (Theobroma cacao).—Some plants of Chocolate
which stood for some years leaf-eaten, extremities of the
branches dead, and looking in a dying state had, on the land
coming under the control of the Forest Department, a num-
ber of Dadup trees planted among them for experiment. The
Dadup trees have now grown to about twenty-five feet in
height and their branches having nearly met, the solar rays
are prevented from striking the Chocolate plants directly.

The result has been that the latter have thrown off their
lethargy and started into determined competition for light with
the Dadups and have grown remarkably, the insects have given
up attacking the leaves, and robust health has returned to
them, but on other plantations where the plants have had
shade from their infancy they have mostly died.

The Chocolate plant has proved verycapricious in the Straits,
whole plantation going off without any apparent cause except
the attacks of leaf insects, while here and there a solitary
plant will for many years survive its fellows and go on bearing
heayy crops of fruits. It has been said that animals or plants
located in large numbers together are lable to epidemic
disease, which looses its grasp only after the individuals are
thinned down to health permitting numbers. ‘There is doubt-
less such a law in nature. What seems required is a know-
ledge of how far one can safely go without danger of calling
its working into activity.

TEA (Assam hybrid) grows with a freedom which would
seem to insure profitable cultivation, the question 1s more one
of cheap manipulation than of plant growth.

304. NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

I have lately inspected tea cultivation on some estates in
Ceylon, and I see no good reason why its cultivation should
not be taken up freely in the Straits on selected soils and made
remunerative.

SIEAUOQ ES.

CLOVE (Caryophyllum aromaticum).—TVhe Clove trees
raised from Singapore grown seed and planted in the Tanglin
Nursery look remarkably healthy, both in swampy ground and
on the hill sides. They could hardly succeed better anywhere

than they are doing.

NuTMEG (Myristica fragrans).—Nutmegs planted in the
same Nursery look very promising and seem as if prepared
to begin another cycle of satisfactory growth in the Settle-
ment. Their successful cultivation seems to depend on what
nearly all other crops depend on in the Straits, 7 es leer

manuring.

ALLSPICE (Pimenta vulgaris).—A plant of allspice raised
from seed some nine years ago is now about twelve feet in
height and is for the moment covered with blossom and small

fruit.

GINGER (Zingiber officinale).—Ginger grows satisfactorily,
low prices only prevent its cultivation being freely developed.
It is, however, an exhausting crop, soon wearing out the land
in which it is planted in the absence of liberal manuring.

CHINESE GINGER (Zingiber sp.).—Some plants of this spe-
cies, which produces the well-known preserved ginger of the
shops, were received during the year from the Royal Gardens
Kew. It has grown well, but shews no sign of flowering.
It is believed to be an entirely new species, but this cannot be
determined in the absence of flowers.

PEPPER (Piper nigrum).—The cultivation of pepper is
being gradually taken up by Europeans. If present prices
($41 per picul for white) keep up, large areas will soon be
placed under pepper cultivation.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 305

CAYENNE PEPPER (Capsicum annuum)—No pepper from
this plant seems tobe madein the Straits, but chillies of all
kinds grow freely. The value of chilliesis about 45 shillings per
hhd. in London.

CHINESE CASSIA (Cinnamomum cassia ).—The plants ot
this, introduced from Hongkong in 1884, have grown with re-
markable rapidity and are now large pyramidal bushes of 25
feet in height, but the substitution of Ceylon Cinnamon
leaves for those of this Cassia will probably put an end to its
cultivation, which has never been very profitable.

moots MNP CULINARY VEGETABLES.

TAPIOCA (Jatropha manthot).—The rise in the price of
Tapioca flour has stimulated planting afresh. The estates
lately closed are getting into working order again.

Of Tapioca, there are many varieties; so far I have been
able to secure the following :—Red and white Brazilian, Sin-
gapore, and- Mauritius. These are all in cultivation here, and
the time they take to mature is about as follows :—Brazilian,
nine months; Singapore, fifteen months; and Mauritius,
eighteen months.

ARROW-ROOT (JMJaranta arundinacea) grows perfectly in
the Experimental Nursery. It is not much cultivated here
except by Cottagers for home consumption, but the produce
is said to be very superior in quality.

IKKUMARA (/pomea chrysorrhiza).—This is a new vegetable
received from the Royal Gardens Kew, and has grown with
remarkable vigour. The tubers have grown to a fair size at
date, but the crop is not yet ripe. I have no doubt that it will
realize its high reputation as a vegetable and prove a most
beneficial acquisition.

ARRACACHA ESCULENTA.—Native of New Grenada and
said to be an excellent vegetable. The plants received from
Ceylon have all failed.

Among the more common European vegetables which have
been found on trial to grow well are the following, which

306 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

may be ordered from Europe with every hope of success by
those desirous of cultivating them :—

Radish, early varieties (Raphanus sativus).
Carrot, early varieties (Daucus carota).

Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus).

Watercress, of sorts (Vasturtium officinale).
Parsley, of sorts (Pteroselinum sativum).
Tomato, all the varieties (Lycopersicum esculentum).
Beet, Turnip rooted (Geta vulgaris).

Horse Radish (Cochlearta armoracia).
Jerusalem Artichokes (fVelzanthus tuberosus).
Basella alba (Gasella alba).

Lettuce,;mixed (Lactuca sativa).

Cho-cho, or Jamaica Cucumber (Sechium edule).
Turnips, American Strop leave (Brassica rapa).
Kohl-Rabi (Srassica oleracea Caulo-rapa).

DYES.

INDIGO (/zdigofera tinctorta)—Not yet under cultivation
by Europeans here, but largely cultivated by Chinese. The
plant succeeds equally well on hill and swamp.

Divi-Div! (Czsalpinia coriaria) is a new product for the
Straits. The plant has shewn satisfactory growth. At the
late flower show, Mr. ALLEN exhibited some pods from plants
grown on his estate and which seemed quite equal to Indian
produce. Its cultivation will no doubt be found profitable.

ARNOTTO (&7rxa orallina) has found apparently a congenial
home inthe Straits, and grows with all the vigour of its native
habitat. It yields abundance of dye which might surely be
profitably utilised.

DvERS CASSIA (Cassia auriculata).—This plant is quite at
home in Singapore soil, and its profitable cultivation is be-
lieved to be possible. 7

OTHER Dyes.—Among other unutilised dyes, the growth
of which leave nothing to be desired, may be mentioned,

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 307

Cesalpinia sappan, Fibraurea tinctoria, Henna, Phytotacca,
&c.

INDIA-RUBBER, CAUTCHOUC, AND GUMS.

GUTTA PERCHA (Dichopsis gutta).—From statistics afforded
by plants growing in the Nursery, this plant, the best variety
of Gutta Percha tree, seems a moderately fast grower. A
plant planted in 1879 is now twenty-five feet in height and
twelve inches in circumference at six feet above the ground.
This gives an average yearly growth in height of about three
and a half feet, and an annual increase in circumference of
about one and one-fourth inch.

NATIVE CREEPING GUTTA.—The various Willoughbeias
and others from which a very large proportion of East indian
Gutta is drawn, grow with creat vigour when planted on
cleared land, and where, in the absence of anything to climb
upon, they on large Sostes in twelve months. Results of
growth seem to show that it would be more profitable to plant
these than the larger trees requiring some fifteen years to
produce a first return.

FOREIGN CREEPING GUTTA.—The Foreign creeping Guttas
on hand are the African and Madagascar creepers; these are
planted side by side with the native kinds, and although they
grow freely are far behind the native kinds in rate of growth
and general vigour.

Other foreign rubber, such as Para, Ceara and Panama
rubbers grow well, but so iar as experiments have gone, the
produce of latix is very watery and it is doubtful whether
they will hold their own against the better native kinds. The
other Gums under cultivation are, Gum Tolu, Gum Benzoin,
and Gum Arabic, all growing satisfactorily.

DRUGS.

KOLA (Cola acuminata) a native of western Africa and
acclimatised in our West Indian Colonies, produces a pod
which contains several seeds about the size of horse chestnuts,
which are used for many purposesby the Negroes, but one

308 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

of its newest uses is that of an antidote for the effects of
alcohol, or cure for inebriety, a nut powdered and taken in a
little water is said to at once restore the most intoxicated
mind to a state of sobriety. It is also used to heal wounds, as
a remedy for indigestion, and a substitute for coffee, &c. The
plant grows well in the Straits.

IPECACUANHA (Cephazlis tpecacuanha), a native of Brazil,
and a plant which has been found generally very difficult to
cultivate, seems to grow in the Straits with all the luxuriance
of its native country when a proper situation is hit upon. It
enjoys a very moist still atmosphere and somewhat dense
shade. In the Straits it forms a compact little bush of about
eighteen inches in height and is very ornamental when well
in flower. I lately visited a plantation of the plant in Johor
and saw thousands of plants in excellent health. They were
protected from the sun by palm leaves laid side by side on
artificial supports about 6 feet in height; hedges of the same
material were put down a few yards apart. Soil chocolate
colour, rich in vegetable matter, wood ashes, &c.

TOBACCO (Nicotiana tobacum)—The soil of the Straits is
generally not sufficiently rich for the successful cultivation of
tobacco, except perhaps as a first crop after the removal of
virgin forest, or in specially prepared compost. ‘The plant
requires heavy manuring to keep it growing satisfactorily on
ordinary ground, as it exhausts the soil so quickly and
thoroughly. Where the soil is not congenial, to start with its
cultivation can hardly prove remunerative. Seed of the best
kinds have however been distributed amongst the planting
community. i

CAMPHOR (Camphora oficinarum), or Formosa Camphor,
is not of much interest to Straits people so far as its cultiva-
tion is concerned, the climate being unsuitable for its proper
growth. It nevertheless grows fairly well in Singapore.

SUMATRA CAMPHOR (Dryobalanops aromatica), also
known as Borneo Camphor, is sparingly found on the Penin-
sula; and its importance in the afforestation of the Settle-
ments is not overlooked. Private enterprise will hardly ever

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 309

successfully cultivate the plant, owing to the time which 1s
required to elapse between first outlay and first income.

JALAP (/pomza purga) jhe “climate of the Straits

GENSENG (Panax genseng) §is not found suitable for the
cultivation of eitherof these valuable drugs. The former sell
at 1s..2d. a pound, the latter at (occasionally) $400 the ounce.

SIAMESE BENZOIN (Styrax sp.).—The cultivation of Siam-
ese Benzoin might pay, as it seems greatly in demand. |
frequently receive letters offering long prices for plants or
piocuees he plant is supposed to be a vatiety of the
common Benzoin (Styrax benzoin) but until proper specimens
are obtained, this cannot be settled.

CUBEBS (Piper cubeba).—-Experiments with Cubebs on a
small scale seem to shew that the plant prefers a shady moist
situation. Plants exposed to the full sun grew much more
slowly. The cultivation of Cubeb plants does not receive
the amount of attention in the Straits: it deserves. The crop
pays well, but for the present the monopoly of its cultivation
remains in the hands of the Dutch, through apparently no
other reason than a want of enterprise on the part of planters
on this side of the water. In Johor the plant grows remark-
ably well, bearing heavy crops of fruit, but details of its
cultivation as practised in Java is still a desideratum.

MISCELLANEOUS.

SAGO (Sagus Rumphiana and S. levis)—The cultivation
of native Sago is deservedly receiving increased attention in
the Straits. [he trees prefer rich swampy ground and be-
come productive in about six years after planting from seed.
When grown on other than swampy land the seed seldom
matures. The tree can be increased from seed or from suckers
or off-shoots, but when the latter process is adopted a large
percentage generally fail to grow.

PATCHOULI (Pogostemon patchoul:).—Plants of Patchouli
have been in demand for experimental planting, and a good
number have been supplied. Picked leaves are now selling
at $17 per picul. The plants grow freely with but little

310 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

care, and should figure among Colonial products. Plants
raised from seed are reported to grow well, but to have no
scent, but retain it when produced from cuttings. I have
not been able to verify these statements, but it is well known
that plants do sometimes play tricks of this kind—Sandal-
wood frequently.

TONQUIN BEAN (Dipterix odorata).—A plant of this, re-
ceived trom Kew some three years ago, has made very fair
growth, being now about ten feet in height.

GUINEA CORN (Sorghum vulgare).—A quantity of seeds
of Guinea Corn was received during the year from His
Excellency the Governor. The plant grew well and produced
an abundance of fruit, but the seeds were so much attacked
by insects when near maturity that it was with difficulty a
sufficiency was saved to retain the plant in stock. It is said
to succeed well wherever Indian Corn will grow. The plant
is of rapid growtn and makes excellent fodder.

INDIAN CORN (Zea mays).—Iindian Corn tried in the Nur-
sery grew with great ease and ripened fine heads of fruit.
Why the plant is not more largely cultivated here is difficult
to understand. The plant comes to maturity in about sixty
days, which admits of numerous crops in a year being reaped
under energetic treatment.

TREE TOMATO (Cyphomandra betacea) These two

MOUNTAIN PAPAYA (Carica candamarcensts) excellent
fruits have been introduced, but a proper place to plant them
has not yet been procured. They would no doubt grow ad-
mirably on the Thaeping Range in Pérak at about four
thousand feet elevation, or on the Sélangor hills, and be
within range of practical use. [I hope to obtain permission
to plant them there under my personal directions. I had the
advantage of seeing both of these fruits growing when lately
at Hakgala in Ceylon, and of tasting them, and can testify to
their excellence. The fruit of the mountain Papaya had some
of the flavour of a peach and a very agreeable odour. Some
of the Papaya plants I observed had partly left mother earth
and were establishing themselves as sub-epiphytes, growing

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 311

with but scanty support and fruiting freely in the crevices of
stone walls, &c.

DAHL (Cajanus indicus) grew and produced fruit freely.
Considering the large Indian population in the Straits, the
plant might be profitably cultivated.

RICE (Oxyra sativa) —The mode of cultivating rice is as
varied as the nations who cultivate it. The Malays are good
cultivators in their particular way ; they take only one crop a
year, and which has been ascribed to indolence, but enquiry
has led me to the conclusion that this is not the case. What
the Malay does is simply this, he grows a crop of rice during
one half of the year, and acrop of manure during the other
half. One he harvests, the other he digs into the ground to
enrich it for his principal crop, and thus obviates the neces-
sity of purchasing manure.

BAMBOOS (Lamébusa dendrocalmus, gigantochlia, ctc.).—
The absence of serviceable Bamboos in Singapore must be
a sore point with Indian immigrants. Clumps of Bamboos are
common enough near villages, but are protected on account
of their being used as a vegetable in a young state, and do
not belong to the species used in house building, &c. Atten-
tion has been turned to the introduction of more serviceable
kinds, and among those procured are the male Bamboo pos-
sessing an almost solid stem, the giant Bamboo, Sikkim
Bamboo, green and yellow Java Bamboo and several unnamed
kinds from Calcutta.

SUGAR CANE.—The new varieties of Sugar Cane which
have been planted in the Province Wellesley Experimental
Nursery have attracted much attention. Planters have ex-
pressed a belief that some promising kinds have never been
tried in the Colony. The following descriptive summary of
some of them will, therefore, be of interest. The summary
is taken from results obtained by Mr. MorRrIS in Jamaica :—

“ fiillu.—Of slender habit; 16 canes in aclump; height
9 feet; length of joint 5 to 6 inches, circumference 3} inches ;
leaves heavy ; round stem, 4 feet long, 3 inches wide; stands

BL NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

drought well; stools freely ; a prolific small black cane suita-
ble for poor soils. Percentage of trash 35; juiee 65 (6-0m
gals.) ; density of juice 1.067: Arnaboldi 22.

Seett.—Of stout habit; 12 to 16 canes in a clump; height
8 feet; colour a greenish yellow when young, white when
matured; length of joint 4 inches, circumference 3 inches ;
foliage very heavy, length 4 feet, breadth 3 inches; stands
drought moderately well; a good cane for experimental trial
in soft soils. Percentage of trash 30; juice 7ol\Gs5 ealene
density of juice 1.082: Arnaboldi 28.

Nagapoury.—Of strong vigorous habit; 16 canes to a
clump; colour cream white; length of joint 4 inches; circum-
ference 5 inches; foliage heavy; does not stand drought but
grows well in fairly moist situations; an excellent cane under
irrigation. Percentage of trash 31; juice 69 (6.4 gals.) ; den-
sity of juice 1.065: Arnaboldi 2r.

Vulu-Vulu.—Ot stout habit; 10 to 12 canes in a clump;
height 8 to 10 feet; length of joints 4 inches; colour fine
yellow ; foliage light; stands drought well; not liable to lodge;
free from rust. Percentage of trash 35.75 )qmecmouer
(5.9 gals.) ; density of juice 1.078: Arnaboldi 26.

Liguanea.—Of short stunted habit ; number of canes in each
clump 10 to 12; height 6 to 8 feet; colour dark purplemand
black; length of joint 34 inches, circumference 5 inches;
fohlage light; length 44 feet; breadth 3 inches; stands
drought very well. Percentage of trash 333; juice 663
(6.2 gals.); density of juice 1.076 Arnaboldi/25,

Vain.—Habit strong, with large stools ratooning freely ;
canes in each clump 35; height ro feet; colour hight brown ;
length of joint 5 inches, circumference 5 inches; foliage of
a fine texture and dark green, leaves short and broad. This
cane stands drought well; a clean healthy cane of very
vigorous habit. Percentage of trash 34; juice 66 (6.1 gals.) ;
density of juice 1.066: Arnaboldi 23.

Lahina.—Of rather delicate habit at first, but afterwards a

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 3138

strong fine cane; canes in each stool 18; height g-11 feet ;
colour yellow; length of joint 5 inches, circumference 53
inches ; foliage pale green and moderately light. ‘his cane
does not stand drought well and is liable to get lodged. A
bright free growing cane under irrigation, very much like
the best type of Bourbon canes. Percentage of trash 373;
Juice 624 (5.8 gals.); density of juice 1.076: Arnaboldi 25
(Beaumé 1I0.).

Keni-Kent.—Of slender habit; 12-15 canes in a clump;
8-10 feet high; length of joints 5 inches, circumference 4
inches; colour white; leaves green, 4 feet 6 inches long,
24 inches broad; fine healthy cane suitable for seasonable
districts; does not stand drought well. Percentage of trash
33; juice 67 (6.2 gals.) ; density of juice r.o80: Arnaboldi 26.

China.—Very similar in habit, size and characteristics to
last. Percentage of trash 35: juice 65 (6.0 gals.) : density
of juice 1.066: Arnaboldi 22.

Po-a-ole.—This would appear to be identical with the Mau-
ritius cane No. 96 already distilled and tested in 1850. “A
stout black cane of fine habit and growth; leaves rather
heavy; stands drought well; rind rather hard; not subject
to lodge; makes a good grain of sugar and yields at the rate
op 22 bhds. per acre.’

Ko-poapa.—Of strong rapid growth; 18 canes in a clump ;
about 11 feet high; length of joints 4 inches, circumference
5 inches; colour white; leaves moderately heavy, 5 feet long,
2s inches broad; stands drought well; not liable to get
lodged; a fine white cane, one of the best in the collection
for dry districts; always healthy and throwing good large
Seaols.) lereentage of trash 28; juice 72 ‘6.4 gals.) ; -den-

sity of juice 1.063: Arnaboldi 21 (Beaumé 8.2-5.)

Lakona.—Of upright and somewhat slender habit; about
12 feet high; length of joint 6 inches, circumference 4 inches;
colour white ; leaves dark green; 5 feet long, 3 inches broad;
healthy, vigorous cane and free from rust. Percentage of
trash 303; juice 693 (6.4 gals.) ; density of juice 1.074: Ar-
naboldi 24 (Beaumé 9.4-5.)

o14 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Vituahaula.—Strong, vigorous habit ; 30 canes in a clumps
about 11 feet high ; length of joints 3 inches, circumference 4
inches ; colour pale when young, growing into a light purple;
leaves dark green 4} feet long, 3 inches broad; somewhat
liable to lodge; free from rust. ~ Percentase oretracimeae
juice” 76 (7.0) gals.) ; density of juice 1.055): Armabeldmemn:
(Beaumé 74.)

Sacurt.—Ol strong habit and very rapid growth; 20 canes
in a clump ; average height r1 feet; length of joints 6 inches,
circumference 5 inches; leaves somewhat heavy, 5 feet long,
3 inches broad; likely to lodge; free from rust. Percentage
Of trash 25; juice 75 (7.9 gals.) ; density of gimicemnne jar:
Arnaboldi 25 (Beaumé 10.)

Cubun.—Habit light; 12 canes in each clump; height re
feet ; joints long and straight ; leaves light green, 5 feet long,
2) inches broad; suitable for moist districts only; a clean
healthy cane resembling the Bourben. Percentage of trash
334%; Juice 063 (6.2 gals.); density of juice 1.074: Arnaboldi
24 (Beaumé g.4-5.)

Florne.—Habit strong; 20-25 canes in each clump; height
10 feet; colour pale"with purple and violet stripes; length of
joint 44 inches, circumference 5 inches; leaves heavy, 5 feet
long, 3 inches broad; stands drought well and not liable to
get lodged. . Percentage of trash 241; juice 657)(Gunealeais
density of juice 1.076: Arnaboldi 25 (Beaumé 10.)

Samurt.—Of slender habit; 16 canes in each clump;
average height 8 feet; colour black with pale purplish stripes;
length of joints 2} inches, circumference 4 inches; leaves
light, 5 feet Jong, 2} inches broad, rather hard rind; stands
drought well. Percentage of trash 40; juice 60 (5.5 gals.) ;
density of juice 1.079: Arnaboldi 26 (Beaumé 103.)

Bréhéret.—Of strong habit; 14 canes in each clump ;
height 8 feet; colour black; length of joints 2} inches, cir-
cumference 5 inches; foliage light, 4 feet long, 23 inches
broad. The joints of this cane are strikingly short and
heavy; it stands drought well and would be very suitable for

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. ald

dry districts. Percentage of trash 33}; juice 662 (6.2 gals.) ;
density of juice 1.079: Arnaboldi 26 (Beaumé 103.)

Mamur?t.—Of strong habit and rapid growth; 30 to 4o
canes in each clump; height ro-12 feet; colour light brown
with the outer epidermal layer dry and chaffy; length of
joints 4 inches, circumference 34 inches ; foliage light ; leaves
4 feet long, 3 inches broad; a clean healthy but somewhat
peculiar looking cane; stands drought well. Percentage of
trash 34; juice 66 (6.1 gals.); density of juice 1.084: Arna-
boldi 28 (Beaumé 11.1-5.)

In favourable localities the Elephant cane, where it has
been tried, throws immense canes looking almost like clumps
of bamboos: the yield per acre has not, however been quite
equal to the show of the canes, but it has yielded at the rate
of two, to two and-a-half tons of sugar per acre, which is far
beyond the average of ordinary canes in Jamaica.”

O16

NOTES TON ECONOMIC PEANUTS:

The follewing have not yet been tested ;—

Vico, Meligeli,

Iatmibal ay atie alana,

Chyaca, Vagabonde,

Canne Morte, Dark red striped cane,
Diard, Loma Loma,

Dama, Nova Java,

‘Tamarind,
Davauboota,

Large green,
Meera,

Kokeia,
Mozambique,
Samoa,

Claret coloured cane
oar

Green and yellow,
Karaka Rawa.

Samoan, tilay

Mist OF THE PRINCIPALS ECONOMIC
PLANTS CONTAINED IN THE FOREST EXEPERIE

MENDAL NGORSERIMS:

Systematic Nanie.
Abrus precatorius,
Abutilon indica,
Acacia arabica,
Acacia Catechu,
Acacia decurrens,
Acacia Farnesiana,
Achros sapota,
Acrocomia sclerocarpa,
Adansonia digitata,
Adenanthera pavonina,
Egle marmelos,
fe schynomene aspera,
Afzelia plembanica,
Afzelia sp.,

Agati grandiflora,
Agati grandiflora alba,
Agave mexicana,
Agave americana,
Alternanthera sessilis,
Albizzia procera,
Albizzia stipulata,
Albizzia Lebbek,
Aleurites triloba,
Aleurites vernicifera,
A leuirites sp.,

Alpina galanga,

Local Nae.

Native Country.

|

..|Crabs’ eyes, ...[E. Indies.
...|Chinese lantern, : Do.
..{Gum Babool, ooo caloiias
san|(Cwieelay, ..|E. Indies.
..|Black Wattle, ../Australia.
..|Cassia, ..(S. America.

_.|Chicko or Bullet W ood,

..{Trop. America.

...|Gru-gru Palm, ..|W. Indies.
...;Boabab, Africa.
,_../Circassian Bean E. Indies
Baeleiraunit, Do.
../Shola, ssafflinglia,
...|Merabou, ..|Malaya.

5 British Guiana.
..{Trong Merah, ..{India.

..|Trong Puteh, Do.

....Mexican Aloe,

...(S. America.

..{American Aloe, Do.
sools@alenaarel, Asia.
..|Safed Siris, E. Indies

.... Bummaizale, Do
...;Bois Noir, ...| Travancore.
.. Otaheite Walnut, ...| Polynesia.
.. Chinese Varnish Tree 56 (Clout.

... Galangal,

Cochin China.

..|E. Indies,

NOTES ON ECONOMIC

Systematic Name.

Allium cepa,
Allium porrun,
Allium ascalonicum,

Do. do.

var.
Do. do. var.
Do. schzenoprasum,

Alocasia indica,

Amaranthus spinosus,
Do.
Do. tristis,

Amygdalus persica,

Anacardium occidentale,...

Ananassa sativa,

Do. var
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,

Ancilema nudiflorum,
Andropogon nardus,
Andropogon citratus,

Andropogon muricatus,,...

Anamirta paniculata,
Anethum foeniculum,
Anethum graveolens,
Anona reticulata,
Anona cherimolia,
Anona muricata,
Anona squamosa,
Anona montana,

Anisogonium ee aientuin

Anthriscus cerefolium,
Antiaris toxicaria,
Apium graveolens
Areca monostachya,
Areca Catechu,

Areca nebong,

Areca oleracea,
Arachis hypogaea,
Araucaria Bidwellii,
Arenga saccharifera,
Artocarpus incisa,
Artocarpus integrifolia
Artocarpus echinatus,
Artocarpus Blumeii,
Artocarpus polyphemia,
Artocarpus sp.,
Asclepias curassavica,
Asparagus officinalis,
Averrhoa bilimbi,

gangeticus, ...

Local Name.

Onion,

Leek,

Bawang,

Bawang Kechil,
Bawang Merah,
Chives,

Taro,

Bayam Durie,
Bayam,

Bayam Pasir,
Peach,

Cashew Nut,
Pine-apple,
Mauritius Pine,
Black Jamaica Pine,
Hen and Chicken Pine,

| Oueen Pine,
| New Providence Pine,
Smothe Cayenne Pine,

Tapak Etek,
Citronella-oil Grass,
Lemon Grass,

Cus Cus,

Cocculus,

Fennel,

Dill,

Custard-apple,
Cherimoyer,
Sour-sop,
Sweet-sop,
Mountain Custard-anple,

Chervil,
Upas,
Celery,

.| Walking-stick Palm,

Areca-nut,
Nibong,
Mountain
Earth-nut,
Bunya Bunya,...
Sugar Palm,

ee Bread Fruit,
...| Jack Fruit,
..-. Monkey Jack, ...

Gutta Tarrap,

...| Tampang,

-Kiledang,

Bastard Ipecacuanha,
Asparagus,
Blimbing,

=a)
|

Cabbage Palm 2

PLANTS.

|

317

Native Country.
Africa.

Switzerland.
Palestine.

Do.

Do.
Britain.
India.

Do.

Do.

Do.
Asia.

ye ines

Do.
Tropics.
Do.

...| Asia.
| lovobey

Central India

‘| India.

E. India.
England.
Spain.

W. Indies.

S. America.
Trop. America.

Do.

Malaya.
Europe.
Malaya.
Britain.

N.S. Wales.
Ceylon.
Malaya.

Trop. America.
E. W. Tropics.
Australia.
Malaya.
Malacca.

| tS. Indies.

Malaya.
Malaya.
Malaya.

Z| Malaya.

W. Indies.
Europe.

| India,

318
Systematic Name.

Averrhoa carmbola,
Azaderachta indica,
Aberia Caffra,
Artanthe elongata,
Aloe Perryii,

Arduina grandiflora,
Bambusa nana,
Bambusa arundinacea,
Bambusa verticillata,
Bambusa vulgaris,
Bambusa vulgaris varaurea
Bambusa vulgaris var stria-

Barbarea preecox, [ta,

Barringtonii speciosa,

Bassia butryacea

Bassia latifolia,

Basella alba,

Berrya amonilla,

Beesha travancorinsis,
Do. Rheedii,

Beta vulgaris,

Bixa Orellana,

Boehmeria nivea,

Borago officinalis,

Boxus sempervirens,

Brassaca actinophylla,

Brassica oleracea acephala,

Do. do. Caulo-rapa,
Brassica napa,
Bromelia Pinguin,
Brosimum alicastrum,
' Butea frondosa,
Bertholletia excelsa
Bombax, malabaricum,
Blighia sapida,
Caesalpinia ferrea
Caesalpinia ccriaria,
Caesalpinia Nuga
Caesalpinia sappan,
Caesalpinia sepiaria,
Cajanus indicus,
Calophyllum inophyllum,
Calamus Rotang,
Calamus arboresceus;
Calamus fasciculatus,
Calamus longipes,
Calodendron Capense,

Coscinium fenestratum, ...

Chloranthus inconspicuus,

Calamsogus hernifolius, ...)
Calamsogus Wallichifolius,

NOTES ON

Local Name.

.| Carambolla,

b)

...| Socotrine Mow, ” Tree,
.| Natal Plum,
.| Hedge Bomisoo!

...|Common Bamboo,

Yellow Bamboo,...
Striped Bamboo,
American Cress,
Bois de jolie cceur,

...| Butter Tree,
...| Mahwa,
soal| Jinghievn Spinach,
.| Trincomalee-wood,

.| Quill Reed,
...| Beetroot,
...| Arnatto,
soal| IRINGE Gye (Citinn (Gass
oo. || Bore,
Ti pOxaN ood:
.| Umbrella Tree,

Borecole or Kale,
Kohl-Rabi,

scoff I mieIND,
...| Pinguin Fibre,
.| Bread-nut Tae,

.| Bengal Kino,

Brazil-nut,

.| Malabar Silk orton Tues,
..| Akee Apple,
..| Brazilian Iron Wood,
.| Divi-Divi,

: Sappan-wood, ...
..| Mysore Thorn,
.| Kachang Dahl,

Poon Spar,

..| Rotang,

.| Rotang,
...| Rotang,
.| Rotang,

|_| Natal Wald Chestane,

False Calubra,

Rotang,
Rotang,

ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Native Country.

India.
E. Indies.

Cape of Good Hope.

India.
Socotra.
Natal.
China.
E. Indies.
China.
E. Indies.
E. Indies.
E. Indies.
England.
Seychelles, &c.
India.
E. Indies.
Bengal.
N. Australia.
Travancore.
Do.
S. Europe.
Trop. America
China.
England.
Europe.
Australia.
Europe.
Do.
Britain.
W. Indies.
Jamaica.
Bengal.
Brazil.
E. Indies.
W. C. Africa.
Brazil.
E. Indies.
China.
E. Indies.
E. Indies.
E. Indies.
E. Indies.
Malaya.

| Malaya.

Malaya.
Malaya.

| Natal.

Malacca.
China.

... | Malaya.
... | Malaya.

NOLES. ON

Systematic.Name.

Calotropis gigantea,
Calocasia esculenta,

Do. do, Var.5 ...
Cajanus, indicus
Canavalia villosa,

Do. gladiata
Cannabis sativa,

Cannabis gigantea,

Canna Indica,

Cananga odorata,

Carica. papaya, ce
Carica Candamarcensis,...
Carypha flabeiliformis, ...
Carissa Carandas,
Caryophyllum aromaticum,
Carludovica palmata,
Caryota urens

Cassia auriculata,

Cassia fistula,

Cassia florida,

Cassia occidentalis

Cassia grandis,

Cassia alata,

Castenopsis Sp., es
Casuarina equisitaefolia,
Casuarina sumatrana,
Castelloa elastica, :
Castanospermum ‘australe,
Ceratonia Siliqua, i
Ceratopteris thalictroides,
Cerus triangularis,
Cedrela toona,

Cedrela odorata,
Ceropegia bulbosa,
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, .
Cerasus vulgaris,
Cinchona saccirubra,
Cinnamomum Cassia,

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum,

Cinnamomum iners,
Cinnamomum camphora,
Cichorium Endivia,
Cicer arietinum,
Cicca disticha,
Citrullus vulgaris,
Citrus Aurantium,
Citrus aurantium var
Bergamia,
Do. do. var
Bigaradia,

Local Name.

French Cotton
Kladi Klamomo,
Kladi China
Pigeon Pea,

Dox :
Kachang Parang
Hemp,

Indian Shot,
Kananga,

Papaya,

Mountain Papaya
Lantor,
Karaundas

Clove,

Pana Hat Dalian.
Jaggery Palm,...
Dyers Cassia,...
Purging Cassia,
Waa Tree,
Payavera,

Ringworm Shrub,

Brangan or Native Chestnut,

Beef-wood,

Sumatra Recowcod
Panama Rubber,
Moreton Bay Chestnut,
Carob Bean,

Rawan Rawan,

God Ochro,

Toon,

West India eda

Ipecacuanha,
Cherry,
Chinchona,
Cassia Buds,
Cinnamon,
Wild Cinnamon,
Camphor,
Endive,

Gram,
Cambling, sie
Water Melon,
Sweet Orange,

Bergamot Orange,

Bitter or Seville Orange, .

ECONOMIC PLANTS.

19D
Native Country.

E. Indies.
Do.

W. Indies.
Columbia.

E. Indies.

E. Indies.
Moluccas.
Panama.

India and Ceylon.

i E. Indies.

E. Indies.

E. Indies.

E. & W. Indies.
E. Indies.
India.
Malaya.
Malaya.

E. Indies.
Panama.
Moreton Bay.
Sumatra.

S. Europe.

.. | Malaya.
| E. Indies.

W. Indies.

| Brazil.

Barbadoes.
S. America.
China.
Ceylon.
Malaya.

Be Asian

E. Indies.
India.

eta dee

India.

India.
|
| India.

Systematic Namie.

Citrus aurautium var

melitensé,

Do. decumana,

Do. Limetta,

Do. Limonum,

Do. medica,

Do. nobilis var
Tangerina, ts

Do. do. var major,

Cissampelos Pareira,
Chavica betel,
Chloroxylon swietenia,
Chlorophora tinctoria,
Chilocarpus sp.,
Chrysophyllum Cainito,
Chrysobolanus Icaco,
Cleome viscosa,
Cookia punctata,
Cochlearia Armoracia,
Coffea Bengalense,
Coffea arabica,

Coffea sp,

Coffee liberica,

Cocos nucifera,

Cocos nucifera var,

Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do.,
Do. do

Coleus parviflorus,
Coix Lachrynea,
Cola acuminata,
Coccoloba uvifera,
Convolorulus repens,
Crotolaria juncea
Crescentia cujete,
Croton eluteria,
Croton tiglium

Cucumis sativus flavus,

Curcuma zedoaria,
Curcuma longa,

Cucurbita pepo ‘and vars,
.. | Kitula (Pumpkin),

Cucurbita moschata,

NOTES ON

Local Name.

| Blood Orange.,...

Shaddock,
Sweet Lime,
Lemon,
Citron,

Tangerine Orange,
Mandarin Orange,
Brava, ren
Betel Pepper, es
Satin Wood,
Dindie,

Gutta sp.

Star Apple,

Cocoa Plum,
Mamum Kéchil,
Wampee, ;
Horse Raddish,
Bengal Coffee,
Arabia Coffee,
Marogogipe Coffee
Liberian Coffee,
Cocoa-nut,

Kalapa Gading,

Do. Pooyoh,
Do. Dadeh,
Do. Sapang,
Dom Loree;
Do. Hijau,
Do. Tandok,
Do. Kapal,
Do. Manis,
Dox Chint€hin;
Do. Pooyoh a
Do. ores
De. ~ ILawtt..
Ubie,
Job’s Tears,
Kola-nut,
Sea-side Grape,
Kangkong,
Sun Hemp,
Calabash,

Cascarilla Bark,
Croton-oil Tree,
Loba Ayer,
Zedoary,
Turmeric,
Kaundon,

ECONOMIC SPLANHS:

Native Country.

India and China.
India and China.
India and China.
Persia.

N. Africa.
China.

. | Jamaica,
| Java.

Ceylon.
B. Columbia.

a Perak.

W. Indies.
Trop. America.
E. Indies.
China.
England.
Bengal.

| Arabia.

| Mexico.

W. Africa.
Tropics.

Do.

Do.

Dor

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.
Java.
Tropics.
Africa.
W. Indies.
China.
Asia.

W. Indies.
Bahamas.

E. Indies. ‘
Moluccas.
Java.

India.
Moluccas. |
Moluccas.

NOTES ON

Systematic Name.

Cyphomandra betacca,
Cycas revoluta,

Cycas circinalis

Cycas rumphiana,
Cycas media,

Cynara scolymus,
Cynometra cauliflora,
Dalbergia sissoo,

Do. frondosa,
Dammara robusta,
Do. orientalis,

Datarium senegalense,
Datura stramonium,
Daucus carota,

Derris elliptica, ds
Dendrocalamus strictus,

Do. spinosus,.
Do. tulda,
Do sp. skim,

Dialum indicum,
Dichopsis gutta,
Diospyros discolor,

Local Name.

jeiree Lomato-...
Sago,

Artichoke,
Nam Nam,

= SSSA eee
. | Black Wood, om
. | Kauri Pine of Queensland,

| Dammara,

Senegal Plum,
. | Thorn Apple,

Carrot, =
Mabas, #17 >
Male Sesion.
Prickly Bamboo,

| Kranji, nee

. | Gutta Percha., ..-

| Mabola,

- | Ebony, <a
--- | Sweet Potato, ...

Do. ebenum,
Dioscorea batatis,

Do. bulbosa, ve

Do. bulbifera, ac

Dipterocarpus laevis,
Dipterix odorata,

Doona trapeziformis,
Dolichos tetragonolobus,
Doryanthes Palmeri,
Dolichos sesquepidalis, ...

Dryobolanopsis aromatica,
Dolichos sesquepidalis var,

Durio Zebethiuns,
Dyera costulata, te
Dorstenia Contrayerva ..
Dracen Draco,
Davidsonia pruriens,
Elaeocarpus serratus,
Elais giuneensis, :
Elettaria cardamomum
minor,
Erythrina corallodendron
Erythrina umbrosa,
Erythroxylon Coca,
Eriobotrya Japonica,
Do. Do.,
improved, so
Eriodendron anfractuo-

. | Doon,

. | Kayu Minyak,...

Tonquin Bean,...

Kashing Boty,...

Palm Lily, ,

Kachang Prot Ayam,

Borneo Camphor,

Kachang Prot Ayam
Panjang,

Durian, :

| Gutta Jelutong,

| Contrayerva Root,

Dragons Blood,

Queensland Plum,

. | African Oil Palm

Cardamum,
‘ Coral Bean Tree,
Bois Immortelle,

- m@ocasiteat

' Loguat,

ECONOMIC PLANTS. ea

Native Country.

| Peru.

| Japan.

| Malaya.

| Australia.

| E. Australia.
| S. Europe.

- | E. Indies.
. | E. Indies.

E. Indies.
| Queensland.

. | Malaya.

Senegal.
Trop. America.
Britain.

4 |
: | Malaya.

E. Indies.
E. Indies.
| Bengal.

| E.. Indies.
| Malaya.

| Malaya.

| Malay AV.

| Ceylon.
fla. ‘Indies.
| E. Indies.
' India.

. | Malaya.

Cayenne.

| Ceylon.

India.

Oueensland.

India.
Borneo.

India.
Malaya.

i | Malaya.

Trop. America.

Queensland.
| Australia.

2 | frica.

2 | Malabar.

| W. Indies.
W. Indies.
W. Indies.

Japan.
Do.

we NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Systematic Name.

sum,

L.pipremnum mirabile,

Lucalyptus Baileyana,
D

O. corymbosa, ...
Do. pilularis,
Dor Planehowiana,
Do. fibrosa,
Do. rostrata,
Do. resinifera,
Do. obliqua,
Do. piperata, var
eugeneoides,
Do. coriacea,
Do. LeTreticonmisne:
Do. amygdalina,
Do. homostoura,
Do. siderophlora,
Do. citradorea,
Do. fasiculata,

Eugeissonia triste,
Eugenia brasiliensis,
Eugenia magnifica,
Eupatorium Ayapana,
Euterpe edulis,
Exostemma caribacum,
Fagraea peregrina,
Fibraurea tinctoria
Ficus religiosa,
Ficus Carica,
Flacourtia Sepiaria,
Do. Rukam,
Furcraea gigantea,
Fatsia papyrifera,
Garcinia Livingstonii, ...

Do. Xanthochymus

IDI, SD ss

Do. Gambogea,

Do. Morella,

Do. Mangostana,
Genderussa vulgaris,
Gigantochloa Aspera,
Gmelina arborea,

Doumemasiaiicar
Gluta velutina,

Gnetum Gnemon,
Grevillea robusta,
Grias cauliflora,
Gossypium arboreum,

Do. flaviflorum,
Guaiacum officinale,

Local Name

| Silk Cotton Tree or pees

Tonga,

Blood Tree,
Black Butt,

Stringy Bark, .
Red Gum of Sornithh Australia,
Red ee

Stringy Bark, .

Stringy Bark, ...

White Gum,

Bastard Box,

Peppermint Tree,

Spotted Gum... ie
Iron Bark of N. S. Wales,
Spotted Gum.,...

Iron Bark,

Bertam,... ae:

Brazil Chewy.

New Caledonian De
Ayapanah,
Maurcole,

West Indian Bark
Tembusu,

Dye-root,

Peepul Tree,

Mauritius Hemp,
Rice-paper Plant,
African Mangosteen,

Siam Gamboge,
Gamboge,

Ceylon ‘Gamboge,
Mangosteen, —
Cengannesa,
Bintong,

Ringas,

Silky Oak, ie
Anchovy Pear,...
Tree Cotton,

2 | Wikecatoiinn, YTS, anc

Native Country.

Trop. America.
Fiji, Malaya.
Australia.
Queensland.
N.S. Wales.
Australia,
N.S. Wales.
S. Australia.
N.S. Wales.
N.S. Wales.

N.iS; Wales:
N.S. Wales.
N.S. Wales.
Tasmania.
Queensland.
N. S. Wales.
Queensland.
N.S. Wales.
Malaya.
Brazil.
N. Caledonia.
E. Indies.
Brazil.
Jamaica.
Malaya.
Malaya.
E. India:
S. Europe.
Tropics.
Do.

S. America.
China.
Africa.
Malaya.
Siam.
India.
Ceylon.
Malaya.
Malaya.
China.
E. Indies.

Do.
Malaya.
Malaya.
Moreton Bay.
Jamaica.
S. America.

W. Indies.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 323

Systematic Name.

Guilandina Bonducella,

Gynandropsis pentaphylla,

Gonolobus Cundurango,
Galactodendron utile,
Haematoxylon campechia-
num, ;
Hardwickia binata,
Helianthus paberasts.
Hevea Brasiliensis, :
Hippamane mancinella ...
Hibiscus Sabderaffa,
Do. esculentus,
Hopea cernua,
Hopea meranti,
Heriteria littoralis,
Hura crepitans,
Hydrocotyle asiatica,
Ilex paraguayensis,
Mlicium anisitum,
Indigofera tinctoria,
Inga dulcis,
Inga laurina,
Inga Xylocarpa,
Inocarpus edulis,
Ipomea purga,
Ipomeza chrysorrhiza,
Jateorrhiza palmata,
Jatropha curcus,
Do. manihot,
Do. do: var,
Do. Go. do,
Jambosa vulgaris,
Kigelia pinnata, au
Kumpussia Malaccensis,
Lactuca sativa var,
Lagenaria vulgaris var
Stiiata,.
Lagetta lintearia
Lancium domesticum,
Landolphia Watsonii,
Do. Patersonii, ...
Dot. Kirku,
Lavendula vera,
Lablab cultriformis,
Lawsonia inermis,
Do. var rubra,
Licula acutifida,
Limnophila punctata,
Linum usitatissimum,
Lepidium sativum,
Leucaena glauca,

Vikeuole ler

Local Name.

. Bonduc,

Mamum,
Cundurango,

Milk Tree,

Logwood,

Acha,

Jerusalem baigiacike.
Para Rubber,
Manchinel Tree:
Indian Sorrel,
Kachang Bendie,
Serayah,

| Meranti,

Looking-glass Tree,
Sand Box,

Pungga, ee
Paraguay Tea, ...
Star Aniseed,
Indigo,

Wim Marrero)

Otaheite Chestnut,
Jalap,

Kumara,

Calomba Root,
Physic-nut,
Tapioca,

Mauritius Tapioca,
Brazil do.,
Rose Apple,

Kumpas,
. | Sawi (Lettuce),.

Lace Bark Tree,
Dukoo,
Aisican Rubbers,
Do.,
Do.,
Lawendes. :
Kachang Kara Butehs
Henna,

Penang Lawyer,
Brémis,

Flax,
Garden-cress,
Soah-wood,

(Gourd),

Native Country.

, E. Indies.

. | Asia.

New Grenada.
S. America.

Central America.
E. Indies.

Brazil.

Brazil.

W. Indies.

ie ends
Oo ina

Malaya.
| Malaya.

a E. Indies.

| Trop. America.

.| Asia.

| Paraguay.

| Japan.
elndres:

... | India.

| W. Indies.

E. Indies.
Malaya.
Mexico.

New Zealand.
Mozambique.
E. Indies.

W. Indies.
W. Indies.
Brazil.

. | Malaya.

| Nubia.

Malaya.

. | Asia.

| India.
| Jamaica.
| Malaya.

es | Africa.
si ADG.

Do.
S. Europe.
| Moluccas.

Egypt.

. | Penang.

Malaya.
| Europe.
| Persia.

2 copics:

O24

Systematic Name.

Lonchocarpus sp.,
Lucuma Sapota,
Luffa acutangula,
Luffa petola,
Lycopersicum esculentum,
Latania borbonica,
Macadamia ternifolia,
Malpighia urens,
Manihot glaziovi,
Marrubium vulgare,
Mammea americana,
Maranta arundinaeea,
Mangifera, indica,

Do. do. vars,
Do. caesa,
Do. foetida,

Monsteria deliciosa,
Melianthes Major,
Melia composita,
Melia sempervirens,
Melaleuca leucodendron,
Melissa officinalis,
Messua ferrea,
Mentha viridis,
Mimosa arborea,
Michelia champaca,
Mimusops elengi,
Do. _ indica,
Do. _ sp.
Mirabilis jalapa,

Momordica charantia andl

vars,
Meormencticn balsamina,

Moringa pterygosperma,

Morus alba,
Murraya exotica,
Musa textilis.
Musa superba,
Musa sapentium,
oO. var.,

Maclura tinctcria

. . . . . e . . . . 5 . . . . . . ° . ° ° e e
. . . . . . . . . . . 5 ° 5 5 . . . . . . ° e e
S 2 + . 0 a G O = . . . . . . . . . . ° . . 2 . ° °
= ee eee

oe

Local Name.

Yurabo Indigo...
Mammee Sapota
Strainers Vine,.
Timon,

Love Apple or Tomato,
Latanier Palm,.
Queensland Nut,
Barbados Cherry,
Ceara Rubber.,...
Hoarhound,
Mammee Apple,
Arrow-root,

Mango,

Benje,

Bachang,
Monsteria, :
Honey Shrub,...
Limbarra, if
West Indian Lilac,
Kayu Puteh Oil,
Balm,

Ceylon lron-wood,
Mint, so

Champac,
Elangatee
Smaram,

Sou,

Marvel of eras

Pria Paddy (Bitter ape

Pria,

Ben i@ilunreows

Mulberry,
China Box,
Manila Hemp,

Pisang Mas,—...
Do. Tandok,

Do. Pinang,
Do. Sooson,
Do. Nipah,
Do. Kling,
Do. Raja,
Do. Raja Udang,
Do. Bakar,.
Dox eBara
Ae ajay
» Lang:
Piet wood, .

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Native Country.

W. Indies.
New Grenada.
India.
Moluccas.
S. America
Reunion.
Queensland.
Barbados.
Trop. America.
Britain.
W. Indies.
S. America.
India.

Do.
Malaya.
Malaya.
Mexico.

Cape of Good Hope.

E. Indies.
India.
Malaya.
S. Europe.
Ceylon.
Britain.
W. Indies.
E. Indies.
India.
Malaya.
Malaya.

Peru.

India.

Do.
Trop. Asia.
Persia.
China.

E. Indies.
FE. Indies.

> Malaya.

Brazil.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC

Systematic Name.

Marsilea macropus,
Mucuna puriens,
Macherium firmum, :
Myrospermum Peruiferum,
Nasturtium officinale, |
Nectandra Rhodizi,
Nerium oleander,
Nicotiana tabacum,
Nephelium Lappaceum,
De Litchi,
Do. Longan,
Do. Mutabile,
Ocymum basilicum,
Olea Europea,
Opuntia Cochinillifera,
Do. Ficus-indica,
Origanum marjarum,
Oreodoxa oleracea,
Ouvirandra fenestralis
Pachyrrhizus anglutus
Paederia foetida,
Pandanus utilis,
Panicum spectabile,
Parmentiera cerifera,
Parkia Roxburghii,
Payenia Learii,
Passiflora quadrangularis,
Passiflora laurifolia,
Passiflora macrocarpa,
Persea gratissima,
Petroselinumsativum,
Petiveriz alliaciz,
Phaseolus lunatus,
Phaseolus vulgaris,
Wo; ‘sp.,
Physalis alkekingi, eG
Phyllanthus emblica,_... |
Do. reticulatus,
Phcenix sylvestris,
Phytelephas macrocarpa,
Phytolacca decandra,
Phormium tenax,
Pimenta vulgaris,
Pimpinella Anisum,
Pierarda dulcis,
Piper Betel,
Piper nigrum,
Piper cubeba,
Piper Futokadsura,
Pinus longifolia,
Pisum sativum,

yotee

J ici

|

. | Water Cress,
| Green Heart,
| Oleander,

| Rambutan,
| Litchi,

| Longan,

| Polesan,

ne Cochineal Plant,
| Indian Fig,
| Cabbage Palm

| Madagascar Yam,

| Sugar Mat Plant,

| Sweet Cup or Water Lemon,

. | Tooth-ache TPaee i
| Kachang Kara (Lima Bean),
. | French Bean,

| Water Cherry,...
| Chékop manis, ;
. | Wild Date,

_ Ivory-nut,

| Dye Wort,

| Allspice,
| Betel Leaf,

| Japanese Pepper,
_Long-leaved Pine,

Local Name.

Nardoo, Mee ease
Cow Etch,

Palissander-wood,

Balsam of Peru,

Tobacco,

Basil,
Olive,

Marjoram,

Méng Kawang,
Bedolee Sutta.,...

Guiana Grass,...
Candle Tree,
Saputi,

Gutta Sandak.
Grenadilla,

Gigantic Granadilla,

Avocado hear:
Parsley,

Kachang Hijau, |

Malacca,

New Zealand Flax,

mise or AG niscoul

Rambe,

Pepper,
Cubebs,

Des,

PLANTS,

—

325
Native Country.

E. Indies.

Peru.

Britain.
Guiana.

S. Europe.
Trop. America.
Malaya.

| China.

Do.

Al Malaya.

E. Indies.
Europe.

Trop. America.
Trop. America.
Europe.
Antilles.
Madagascar.
India.

Malaya.
Madagascar.
Guiana.
Panama.
Malaya.
Malaya.

W. Indies.

W. Indies.

Trop. America.
Sardinia.

Trop. America.
Brazil.

India.

S. Europe.
Malaya.

India.

S. America.
India.

New Zealand.
W. Indies.
Egypt.
Malaya.

E. Indies.
E. Indies.
Java.
Japan.

E. Indies
Levant.

326 NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Systematic Name.

Piscidia erythrina,
Plumiera lutea,
Pogostemon patchouli,
Pongamia glabra,
Portulaca oleracea,
Pterocarpus indica

Do. marsupium,
Psophocarpus tetragono-
lobus, :

Poinciana regia,
Psidium cattleianum,
Do. guava,
Worigdo:
Donsaere:
Punica, granatum,
Premna cordifolia,
Pyrus malus,

Do. communis,
Paritium elatum,
Prosopis julifora,
Paullina sorbilis
Putranjiva Roxburghii,
Pistacia terebinthus,
Pisonia sylvestris,
Quassia amara,
Quercus salicina,
Quisqualis indicus,
Raphanus sativus var,
Ravensara aromatica,
Rheum officinale,
Ricinus communis,
Ruta graveolens,
Roupellia grata,
Rhmex patientia,
Rhus vernicifera,

Rhus succedaneum,
Sabal palmetto,
Sagus rumphiana,
Sagus laevis,
Sandoricum indica,
Sapindus saponaria,
do. inaequalis,
Sanseviera, Zeylanica,
Santalum album,
Sarcocephalus cordata
Sechium edule,

Scorodocarpus Borneensis,

Senecio chinensis,
Sesamum orientale,
Semecarpus anacardium,

varigata,

Local Name.

Dog-wood,
Frangipani,
Patchouli,
Pongam,

Daun Galang (Purslane) . ey

Rose-wood,

Kino,

Kachang,
Flamboyant,
Guava,

Pomegranate, ...
Buas-Buas,

.. | Apple,
|) Gale

Cuba Bast,

Guarana Tea Plant,
Putranjiva,
Turpentine Tree,

Chinese Oak,

Rangoon Creeper,
Lobak (Long Raddish),
Ravensara,

Rubarb,

Castor- oil Plant,

Rue, 5 We
Cream Fruit,

Patience,

Japanese Lacquer irae.

Japanese Wax Tree,
Palmetto,

Sentol,
Soap Berry,

Do. ae
Bow String Hemp,
Sandal-wood, ...
Negro Peach...
Cho-Cho,
Bawang Hutan,
Tang Ho, :
Gingelly- oil Bias
Marking-nut,

Quassia or Bitter-wood,

Native Country.

W. Indies.
Trop. America.
E. Indies.

E. Indies.
Tropics.

E. Indies.

E. Indies.

Trop. Africa.
Madagascar.
W. Indies.
S. America’

E. Indies.
Malaya.
Persia.
Persia.

Cuba

E. Indies.

Moluccas.
W. Indies.
China.

E. Indies.
China.
Madagascar.
Asia.

E. Indies.
S. Europe.
W. Indies.
Italy.

Japan.

S. America.
Malaya.
Malaya.

E. Indies.

W. Indies.
Ceylon.

E. Indies.
Australia, &c.
Jamaica.

Malaya.

E. Indies.
India.

NOTES

Systematic Name.

Shorea Dyeri,

Sinapsis alba,
Sideroxylon Malaccense,
Solanum melangena,

do. coagulans,
do. tuberosum,
Sorghum Saccharatum,
do. vulgare,

Sloetia sideroxylon,
Stenochlaena palustris,
Stillingia sebifera,
Strombosia Javanica,

Strychnos nux-vomica, ...

do. colubrina
Styrax Benzoin,
Sterospermum chelonoides,
Saccharium officinarum,
Salvadora persica,
Smilax sarsaparilla,

Tabernaemontana Crassa,

Taraxacum officinale,
Tecoma pentaphylla,
Do. leucoxylon,
Terminalia Catappa,
Terminalia Bellerica,
Tetragonia expansa,
Thamnopteris nidus,

Thea chinensis var assam-

ica, fe
hag bea. Seo.

Do. var condeamar,
Do. criollo,

Do. __ Forbstero,
Do. Cavenne,

Do. Ferdilico,

Do. Sangle toro,

Thevetia neriifolia,
Triphasia trifoliata,
Tropzolum majus,
Po minus.
Tacca pinnatifolia,
Uncaria gambir,
Urena lobata...
Vanilla planiifolia,
Do. aromatica,
Doe Op., ---
Vahea gummifera,
Vitex umbrosa,
Vitis Martenii,

Vitis vinifera .

ON ECONOMIC

Local Name.

Mustard,
Daroo,

Trong (Egg Plane).
Trong Manis, ...
Potato, oan
Millet, =f
Guinea Corn.,...
Tampinis,

Paku Akar,
Tallow Tree,
Petaling,
Nux-vomica,
Shakewood,
Benzoin,

,, Padrie Neen

|

Sugar Cane,

Mustard rece of Scripture,

Sarsaparilla Vine,

Dandelion,
Fiddle-wood,
secoma: =:
Wild Atanas

7) Myrabalans,

New Zealand Spinach,
Samber,

Assam Hybrid Tea,
Chocolate or Cacao,

Exile Tree

| Lime Berries, ...

Nosturtium, ? or Indian
Smaildo.-+ -) Cress,
Macca, es
Gambier,

Beng Fibre,

... | Vanilla,

Madagascar Rubber Vine,...

, Box-wood,

. | Saigon Vine,

Grape Vine,

3 | W.

hae.

WE

PLANTS. ned

Native Courtry.

Ceylon.

_ | Britain.

Malaya.

S. America.
Tropics.

Eo Airica:
Malaya.

China.
Malaya.

E. Indies.

E. Indies.
Sumatra.

E. Indies.
Tropics,
Central Africa.
India.
Senegal.
Europe.
Jamaica.
Madagascar.
E. Indies.
India.

New Zealand.

hee.
Indies.

Do.

. |) zaSinallia,

Malaya.
| E. Indies.
Trop. America.
Indies.
Singapore.
| Madagascar.
Indies.
| Saigon.
| E, ana W. Hemis-

ll pheres,

Systematic Name.

NOTES ON

ECONOMIC

Local Nannie.

PEANDS:

Native Country.

Vitex trifoliata, Chaste dreey | Eandiies:
Vangueria edulis, | Edible Vangueria, Jee
Willoughbeia firm., | Gutta Gegrip, ... ME | Malaya.
Wrightia tinctoria, Ivory-wood, . | India.
Yucca aloifolia, | Dagger Fibre, ... ... | Jamaica.
Zalacca edulis, | Salak, . | Malaya.
Zea mays, . | Indian Corn Bel

Zingiber officinale, Ginger, ws ...| Eand W. Indies.
Zingiber sp, ... Chinese Ginger, ao Gratings.
Zizyphus mucrontatus ... | Wild Injob, ... | Australia.
Zizyphus Jujuba, iiajuibpemsiees Bo | China.

(

LIST OF THE FOREST DEPARIi

FALMETUM, SINGAP@ikg:
(Vide Tiavigeae)

TRIBE -l-ARECEAG

SUB-TRIBE EUARECEZ.

Genus ARECA, Linn.

A. catechu, Linn. Betel-nut Palm.
A. concinna, Thwaites. Ceylon.
Ae triandna, Noxo, Melonceas:

Tropical Asia.

Genus PENANGA, Blume.
IP, macula, Pore,

I mnalaname, Scloveiai

Genus HYDRIASTELE, Wendl. & Dr.
H. Wendlandiana, W. & D. ‘Tropical Australia.

Genus HEDYSCEPE, Wendl. & Dr.
He Canterburyanay WV sa> 9 Uimbrella saline
Lord Howe’s Island.

Genus, BOxOCcoCeeusy Wendloabi:

ie

Geo

O

20

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 329

manmicola, W.& D. Ceylon.

Genus ARCHONTOPHENIX, Wendl. & Dr.
Alexandre, W.& D. Queensland.

Genus RHOPALOSTYLIS, Wendl. & Dr.

. Bauerl, W.& D. Norfolk Island.

Genus DICTYOSPERMA, Wendl. & Dr.

. aureum, W.& D. Rodriguez Island.
. album, W.& D. Mauritius.
manorm, VW. & . Mauritius.

SUB-TRIBE IJ.—PTYCHOSPERME&.

Genus PTYCHOSPERMA, Labill.
filifera, Wendl. Fiji Islands.

Macarthurii, Wendl. ‘Tropical Australia.
Genus CYRTOSTACHYS, Blume.
Renda, Blume. Malay Archipelago.

Genus DRYMOPHLOEUS, Zippel.

. Singaporensis, Hook. Singapore.

SUB-TRIBE III.—ONCOSPERME&.
Genus ONCOSPERMA, Blume.

aN

. filamentosum, Blume. ‘ Nibung Palm.” Java.

Genus EUTERPE, Geertn.

edulus; Mart. “Assai Palm.’ Tropical America.
oleracea, Mart. ‘‘ Mountain Cabbage Palm.” ‘Tropical
America.

Genus ACANTHOPHENIX, Wendl.
crinita, Wendl. Mauritius and Bourbon.

Miaubra, Wend). Mauritius and Bourbon.

Genus OREODOXA, Willd.
oleracea, Mart. West Indies.

mrepia, Kunth. “Royal Palm.” West. Indies.

I I

GiGie ee

S310) NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Genus PHYTELEPHAS, Ruitz et Pav.

. macrocarpa, R. et P. Ivory-nut Palm. New Grenada.

Genus NipA, Wurmb.

. fructiens Thumb, Nipa Palm. Trop. Estuaries.

Genus PHOLIDOCARPUS, Blume.

> inne, Ish IMWohieecas,

Genus LIVISTONA, Br.

» alcissmina, Zo, larva
. australis, Mart. Eastern Australia, Temperate and Tropical.

toogendorhfii, Teysm. & Binn. Hab. ?

. humilis, Br. Tropical Australia.
olivostormis,. Marta ava:
. rotundifoha, Mart. Malay Islands, Moluccas, Penang.

Genus RHAPIS. Linn. f.
flabelliformis, Ait. ‘China:

Genus THRINAX, Linn.

. argentea, Lodd. “Silver-Thatch Palm West iimdres:
. parviflora, Swartz. West Indies.

TRIBE IV.—LEPIDOCARYE:.
SUB-TRIBE CALAMEZ.
Genus CALAMUS, Linn.

. callicarpus, Griff. Malacca.

fissus, Blume; Borneo. |

. marginatus, Blume. Borneo.

. periacanthus, Miquel. Sumatra.

. rotang, Linn. Bengal, Assam, and Coromandel.

Genus ZALACCA. Reinwdt.

, Caluilis, IN, Jana, Miohneceis.

Genus CERATOLOBUS, Blume.

. glaucescens, Bl. Java.

Genus PLECTOCOMIA, Mart.

>. elongata, Blume. Java, Malacca, Penang.

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 30l

Genus RAPHIA, Beauv.
-R. Ruffia, Mart. Madagascar.
isaesp. West Africa.

TRIBE V.—BORASSE.
Genus BORASSUS, Linn.
B. flabelliformis, Linn. ‘ Palmyra Palm.” Tropical Africa

Genus LATANIA, Comm.
L. Commersonii, Linn. Mauritius and Bourbon.
L. Loddigesu, Mart. Round Island.
L. Verschaffeltii, Linn. Rodriguez Island.

Genus HYPHANE, Gartn.
meeenepaies, Mart. “Doum Palm.” Upper Egypt,
Nubia and Abyssinia.

TRIBE VI.—COCOINE.
Genus ACROCOMIA, Mart.
A. sclerocarpa, Mart. ‘Macau Palm.”’ Brazil and West
Indies.

Genus MARTINEZA, Ring and Pay.
M. caryotefolia, Humb and Kth. New Grenada.

SUB-TRIBE I].—ELAIDEA.
Genus ELIS, Jacq.
E. guineensis, Jacq. ‘‘ Oil Palm” West Tropical Africa.

SUB-TRIBE II].—EUCOCOINE.
Genus Cocos, Linn.
. flexuosa, Mart. Brazil.
mawenera, Linn. ~ Cocoa-nut Palm.” Tropics.
. plumosa, Lodd. Brazil.
. Weddelliana, Wendl. Brazil.

Ge) ene

Genus MAXIMILIANA, Mart.
Peewecdand, Karst. N. Brazil and Guiana.

SUB-TRIBE IV.—LINOSPADICEZ.

Ban NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS.

Genus CALYPTROCALYX, Blume.
C. spicatus, Bl. Moluccas.

Genus BACULARIA. F. Muell.
B. monostachya, F. Muell. ‘“ Walking-stick Palm.”
North South Wales and Queensland.

Genus HOwWEA, Beccari.
H. Forsteriana, Becc. “Flat or Phatch-lear Palm leone
FRowe’s Island.
H. Belmoreana, Becc. ‘Curley Palm.” Lord Howe’s Island.

SUB-TRIBE VII.—CEROXYLEZ&.
Genus CEROXYLON, Humb. and Bonpl.
C. andicola, Hi. & B. “Wax Palm.” New (Guanadasamad
Venezuela.

SUB-TRIBE VIII—MALORTIEZ.
Genus MALORTIEA, Wendl.
M. intermedia, Wendl. Costa-Rica.

SUB-TRIBE IX.—IGUANUREZ.
Genus HETEROSPATHE, Scheff.
H. elata, Scheff. Amboyna.

Genus NEPHROSPERMA, Balf. fil.
N. Houtteanum, Balf. fil. Seychelle Islands.

Genus STEVENSONIA, Duncan.
S. grandifolia, Wendl. Seychelle Islands.

Genus VERSCHAFFELTIA, Wendl
V. splendida, Wendl. Seychelle Island.

Genus Dypsis, Norohn.
. madagascariensis, Hort. Madagascar.
. pinnatifrons, Mart. Madagascar.
. sp? Madagascar.

Ses

SUB-TRIBE X —CHAMCEDOREZ. |

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLANTS. 330

Genus CHAMCEDOREA, Willd.
C. elegans, Mart. Mexico.
Genus SYNECHANTHUS, Wendl.
S. fibrosus, Wendl. Guatemala.

Genus HYOPHORBE, Geertin.
. amaricaulis, Mart. Round Island. Mauritius.
. Verschaffeltii, Wendl. Rodriguez Island, Mauritius

angen,

Genus CHRYSALIDOCARPUS, Wendl.
C. lutescens, Wendl. Mauritius and Bourbon.

SUB-TRIBE XI.—GENOMICZ.
Genus CALYPTOGYNE, Wendl.
©. Swartzu, H. F. Mountain Thatch Palm. West Indies.

SUB-TRIBE XIJ.—CARYOTIDE.
Genus WALLICHIA, Roxb.
W. caryotoides, Roxb. Eastern Bengal, Chittagong and
Burma.

Genus ARENGA, Labill.
obtusifolia, Mart. Java and Sumatra.
saccharifera, Labill. ‘‘Gomuti Palm.” Malay
Archipelago, Moluccas and Bourbon.

as

Genus CARYOTA, Linn.
Cumingil, Lodd. Philippine Islands.
furfuracea, Bl. var. Timbala. Java.
obtusa, Griff. Upper Assam.
sobolifera, Wall. Arracan and Andaman Islands.
urens, Linn. ‘“ Wine Palm.” East Bengal and
Malay Peninsula.

QO OE

Genus ORANIA, Zipp.
O. macrocladus, Mart. Malacca.

TRIBE II—PHCENICEA.

Genus PHENIX, Linn.
P. acaulis, Roxb? Central India, Bengal and Burma.

we nd Te a9

NOTES ON ECONOMIC PLAN'S.

. dactylitera, Linns ~~ Date Palm. North ime
- Wanceana, Nauds Chima:

. reclinata, Jacq. South East Africa.

mupicola, Anders: 9" Sikianky sElimalayar

TRIBE? Ml —CORY PRA:

Genus CORYPHA, Linn.

) Gebaned, Blume: Gebang) alm: aaaner

Genus SABAL, Adans.

. Adansoni, Guerns. ‘‘ Dwarf Palmetto.” Southern United
States.
glaucesens, Lodd. ‘Trinidad.
. Palmetto, Lodd. “Cabbage Palmetto.” ” Southemms@miped

States.

) Princeps, Hone Verses milaba:

Genus WASHINGTONIA, Wendl.

’, filifera, Wendl. South California.

Genus TEYSMANNIA. Reichb. f. & Zoll.

. altifrons, R. & Z. Malaya.

Genus CHAMCROPS, Linn.

. humilis, Linn. South Europe and North America.
. Humboldtii.

Genus PRITCHARDIA, Seem & Wendl.

» pacifera, Seem Gy Wendl fi lsiames:

Thurstonil, do.
. Sp. Novo. :
Genus EIcuALA, hunt:
. acutifida, Mart. ‘‘ Penang Lawyer.’ Singapore and

Penang,

. peltata, Roxb. Bengal, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, &c.

N.. CANTEENS
Superintendent

Singapore, 4th Fuly, 1587.

PE yOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

It having been suggested that the following Index of
Articles contained in the above periodical, and forming a
portion of the notice under that head in a forthcoming
“Dictionary of the Malay Peninsula and Straits Settlements”
would be of special use to members of the Society I have
much pleasure in placing it at their disposal.

* N.S.= New Series. The numbering of the volumes follows the

binding of the copies in the Raffles Library.

N. B. DENNYS.

Wear. Vol arArt

Abdullah’s Schooling, a ae ee tO52 WAL a3
Acheen, Court of, ... Be uae S50 SISO) IV 46
we eListory of, ante ae SeeTOG WO
meeomnals of (Trans.), ... Sei eee tO5O IW, 97)
African explorations (Livingstone’s), sais 2 OSS US NES:
Agriculture in Straits Settlements, sas ... 1848 Tess
America, Indians of, ue ae ae LO5o it oNeS:
Amoks, Malay, mats ac ae ee LOAG Its 36
,», and piracies, ae +o =e 1049 MN exe
Andaman islanders, the, = noe ... 1858 Li Nes
Anderson’s considerations, Aas ai ee O50 a2 NES
Annals Malayan, Abstract of, ... ie ter OS 1 Ves
= ne or. Seo HOS WIE @
Arru Islands, PRES... soo Jt WAU og)
Asia and Indo Pacific Islands, peasy of, aELoSO IV Bs
,, Eastern, with references to the Malays, ee TO49 DOL ea
+ and Australia, Cont. to Physical poco Of) seTORe Vine
Assam, customs of Hill tribes of, soo tev) Wane
Aur, Pulo, : sch ee LOGO WNW 15KG)
Australia, Aborigines ‘of, Bon) ROR Vie 40
a tropical, Hand book for @olonvers EL SO EV Aeenan
Axes stone, and spearheads found in Java, LOST V_ 10
Bali and Lombok, scientific WeSGRTENES | nA Sheae eTOAS II

4
meekesearches in, ... als as Bee LOAO III 9.10

336 INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN

Bali researches in,
Banda, nutmeg plantations in,
Banka, Island of,
3 * Report on,
», History of, and life of Dutch officials i in,
Barram river, the, ae
Journal of a visit rol
Batavia, Exhibition at, 1853, ; BS:
Battas, Cannibalisim amongst the nae
of Manheling and Pertibi
Bawean, Island of,
Benaik Islands, the Maruior of th
Bencoolen, Sugar loaf Mt. of,
zt Nutmess and cloves in tae
Benua, orang, of Johore, aig
Betsimisaraks of Madagascar, he
3iduana Kallang, Orang, the,
Bima and Su mbawa,
Birds nests rocks in Java,
Bongsu, the Virgin daughter of ‘the Sultan,
Borneo, Travels in interior of,
ie European intercourse with prior to 1810,
Chinese
. Proper Traces of origin of the Kingdom of,
m General considerations respecting,
Kayans and K. language of, a
British Colonies in Sraits of Malacca, theyre.
Buddhism in Ceylon and Siam,
Buddhist monks or Telapoins,
Bukit, a gallop to the,
Burmese Buddha, Legend of the,

y) ”) d)

) yd) )

Cambodia and the Cambodians,

” d)

dy)

5J))
Celebes, Minnahassa in,

y)
Notices of,

dy) »)

Ichthyology of,
,, Lortoiseshell of,
Ceram Laut Isles, ie
Changalelegat, ‘ihe. or Mane Islanders,
Chiang Chang, Visit to the coke of,
Chinese ali OBES,

ARCHIPELAGO.
Year. “Vol eames

LOS Viemee
Ee LO5S Pe oss
nae) TORT Vous

» L648 rN 97)
LOS 1s)

so. OST VV. 30
Soo BESS I Ve39
2. 185 Spe aliieee
eEtOSS IX “16
Bags theyll) WE 2
TOG Vien
15S I aeNe

. 1855 Sore
Jaa, DOG Viaeo
BEG on 7 Pe its:
Ra aioe) TVs 2
vod gaan aan

.. 1858 1 Soe NeS
ee LOAG, aay
we) 1OAS Tl
LOG GU ser

.. 1848 23
ie 1048 ieee
cee CAS Nae

. 1848 2
one J 1O49 il a
see LOAO IID: aaeng
sae LOSO LVosrE2
.. 1858 lil “72aNes
Je) LOSO LV" 2p
bog MOET V 28

te, HOG? Vir ag
sie LOS Bi ee Veet
«.. To5q ov Line
bee LOGS DG
bbs hers Vi e725
.- 1852 VI 7:0.amie2e
3. 1854 "VII

we 1OAS I]

7 1858 IIL, --geNes
noe ikevslis) II 38
e 1O50 lV Ao
me) MOGUL Vow

. 1849 Ts

.. 1849 Ti xe
emo? VAS 26

PLoS [X14
2 LOGO Vere

.. 1654 o Viti

INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 3837

Chinese

”)

)

doctrine of the pulse
immigrants, Annual remittances by,
in Penang, Notes on the,
” y?
in Singapore
objects of worship,
Superstitions and customs of,
Tables of merits and errors,
Tibetan, and Ultra-Indian numerals,
Trade with India and Ik A. Antiquity of,

febina: Himalaic numerals in China Tibet, &c.,
Beene cultivation in South of Malaces:
Coal, Sumatran,

” in

,, deposits, Siamese Coast Penang and Juni Ceylon,

Ligor and Kedah,

Cochin China, a voyage to, Pr.

)

)

details 1 respecting,
investiture of of King of, in “1849,
funeral of King of, :

Coffee planting i in Ceylon, : a
Conchology and Malachology, remarks on,

Contributions and correspondence (Misc.),...

Coral reefs as a cause of fever, ...

”

Cotton, Culture of in S. S.,

”

Deer, a white, :
Dictionary, Crawfurd’s descriptive e;

Dinding,

Pulo,

Do Dongo visit to the Mountaineers of,
Dok in Muar, a trip to,
Dravidian formation the, enquiries into,

Durian,
Dutch hi

the,
istory in the ‘Archipelago,

Dutch possessions in the I. A.,...
Dyaks, Mythology of the,

,, of Banjermassing, remarks on,
Ethnology of Indo Pacific islands,

»)
y)

)

)

of the Indian Archipelago,
Johore

Exhibition 1851, List of Singapore collections,

Yer, =Vol. Art:
3 FIS5S ES ap eS
se LOAF De 4:

Smet OnAw ON LL et
sue) TO55 TEX 36
=. 1048 Ls

. 1848 Figaro
ee sesste) Lieero me Ss
... 1858 II N.S.
we. 18538 f-2o"NUS:
He Foto Les?
eDkaso TF rSiN. 5
LOSE Vi e360
. 1848 fee

1847 us

1847 bea:
TOS? VI- 15
. 1847 I 0
ae EOSO LV 22
“ss LOAO ED (25
Se E52 Waa 8
=e tOAT lers17

( i =30
: 1847) I 43
... 1848 fh 22
... 1849 III 28.48
Tae EOsO IV 9.38.44
sf 150 VAS
Oko SL Nies) 7ee
.-» 1848 Ee aro
= 1859 I ro N.S
... 1849 FEES 29
... 1848 LE 430
3. E058 It -15N-S
ian Sinsins IDS Ss
Se LOGE Weer,
.. 1858 1, oNSS

. 1847 fang

1849 Fite 37,

1847 Te 8S

1850 V 16

1852 Vile ers

TO5Ge 2 oll 2

rosa. VIEL 22

1855 Dery

1858 I, i4.N.S

1858 III App. N.S

1850 EVR 27

1847 E26

1851 Ve A:

388 INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

Year.
Farquhar’s (Col.) search for Pe establish a Settle-
ment, 3 y: ee TOGe
Floris, Cannibals on ‘island of, OAS
Fort Marlborough to Palembang, Journey from, . 1858
Gamboge tree, the, ... see Boo UIE)
Gambier asa preservative of ‘faaber 2 LS5O
Gambling and Opium smoking in the S, Su ne LOSS
Garens, notice of the, nog KSI TE
Ghoorkas, the, and cognate tribes, .». 1858
Glossarial Affinities (ar Pibetan, Chinese, Seythic), E1858
Gold in Sarawak, sa LO4@
Gunong Dempo, ‘Snmatra, Journey to, Soe KOS
3) — BEM, Bencoolen, Journey to, ee LORy
a Danka, ora Danadlise on Earth a tale, ho SSO
Gutta taban, collectors, and Imports into Singapore . 1848
Gutta percha, sith ae OAT
Harbours, land locked, =) TO52
Hill tribes bordering Assam and of I. A., customs com-
mon to, 1848
Himalaic or Tibetan tribes of Assam Burma and Pegu, 1858
1858
‘“ Himmaleh,”’ ” Remarks made during voyage Of they slo 52
Hoevell, Dr. BARON VAN, labours of, ane LOdS
Horsburgh Light-house, account of the, ES52
Eiuran races, “the mixture of, se LOSO
natural selection of, APD Colto)
ee ee ine of Sumbawa, a. OAS
Indian Archipelago and East Asia, Laws of the, . 1847
nh Ancient trade of (INE, Soc 1858
ie Area of islands dasined! by Neches
lands, se TOAS
Indian Archipelago Customs of hill tribes of the, . 1848
FS Europeans in, in 16th & 17th centuries, 1858
6 Ethnology of the, Int. remarks, SehIAg,
” ” ey bib 1850
A Journal kept on board a cruiserin,... 1854
5 Languages of the, ... 1849
“5 Piracy and slave trade in, 5p S10)
A - Bag tte
i Population of the, s22 TO4Q
Hf Present condition of the, Ody
0 Trading ports of the, ... ee OsO
a trip to, in H. M. S. Meander nen eloyG
Indian races, Europeanization of the, , we TOSS
Indo-Pacific Islands Ethnology of, LOnT
) ”) 3 1852

9) )

) a)

im 1853
- 1854

Vol.

VI
II
I]

4

a
n

INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

Indo-Pacific Islands Ethnology of,
Inscription ancient Javanese, at eae

Islam, legends of,
Japan, Commercial intercourse w with,

Java, excursion in, during war with Dipo Negoro,

Java, Notes on the population of,

Javanese ancient inscription,
Johore, Beoieey of East Coast of
,, East Coast and islands, move to,
,, Orang Benua of, i
ee rhe Sultan of, .
,, and Pahang, description of East Coast to,
») a journey in,
. Archipelago, Ethnology of the,
Translations of Malayan Laws of,
Kapans, Journal of a tour on the,
Karean tribes of Martaban and Taal.

Karen Nec, country of the,

Karens, ethnographic position of the,

Year.
LOSS
LOGO
. 1858

Dltsgt

a 1850
. 1851

1853
1854
1847
1349

S LOSE
eon
. 1848

. 1847

. 1858
5 irsign
. 1849
ne OAT,
BOS 5

. 1858

a

Karrang Bolling (in Java) and birds nests rocks there,

Kayan ‘Language (Borneo) vocabulary of,
Kayans, the, a
Kedah and Siam, ancient agnmectiar Aeewe een,
Keddah, some account of,
i annals, translation of ine.
Kei and Arru ends.
Kina-Balow, ascent of Mt.,
Komoring, the orang,
Labuan, Report on geology of,
Lampong districts, the, Sai
Languages, priliminary remarks on,

ih 1850
(

1858
1858
1858
1847

1349

a 1849

Be tele
... 1850
sac) 1ke HK)

POS

. 1852
. 1840

O52

“ Malay, Polynesian and Chinese words in-

troduced from English into,
Lauguages, of the I. A.,

bs and races, the Malayan and Poly nesian,

Laterite, origin of, ...

Laws of the PN: and Eastern Nee
», Malayan of Johore,

Legends of Islam, ...

Lights, semi- horizon,

Lombok, notices of,

?
) ”

' and Bali, scientific rescarches i in,
Magindaneo, adventures amongst the pirates of,

SeLOS

. 1849

. 1850

ie 1849

. 1148
sen) LS5O
ee 1847
O55
O50
O52

. 1848

185

ce Wene
5 TSS

309
Viole Amt,
XG ae 7,
ly -r4eNas:
HVA pps Ne Ss:
View
LV AeTO
LB
Vil I
WANN <3
lg
MAD
We X6
IE 35
Mh ga
eens
HE eNS
Veer
LL 4
20
IDO)
Lee e4aNeS
Ve 28
[ie omiNeSe
I aN Se
J Xe) INS
eS
i as
AE sare
WE BM
IW 4
II] I
WANE Sg:
Vill
ES Vey)
Vii 20
V8 35
Ill 44
IW
iia
ier
Wie ty;
If 246)
IDG)
LVF SKO
Vil G6
Jie
Vie 20
Tier:
I 16eNeS

340 INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

Mahomedanisin in the I. A., :
Majellis Ache, translation from the,
Malacca, journey from to Pahang,
fs law of England in,
zr agriculture i in,
* description of, us
+ history and Candiaion of
Fe map of,

notes on,

tin mines of,
trip to interior of, Sate
Malachology and conchology, remarks on,

Malay Annals translation of,

Malay Peninsula, scarch for coal deposits on coast of, .
z sketch ot Ph. geography and geology,

B Sumatra, &c., Wild tribes of,
Journey across the

Journey in the Menangkarbau States of
Pol. and Com. Coneidercone relative

to British Settlements j Tig ane
Malays of Penang and Proves Wellesley, the,
Malay sounds in roman letters, ... ae
», Royal families,
Malays, Manners and customs of the
Meals of the,
Memoirs of,..
2 Notesion maritime, ne
,, Polynesians, Papuans and Australians,
Maldivian Alphabet, the,
Marshes and Malaria at Singapore,
Maruvi, the, of the Benaik islands,
Meander, trips of H. M:S., in the L. A.,
Menangkarbau States, trip in ene
Mindoro, the island of,
Minahassa in Celebes (Mica),
i a glance at,
Mintira, the orang, visit ‘of to Singapore,
* Phsys. charact. of the,
Biduanda, measurements of,
Superstitions of the,
A Agriculture of the,
Moar, a trip to, (See also Muar),
Moco-Moco to Pengkalan Jambi, Journey from,
Mon-Anam formation, the, Pe aoe

)

y) eee : soe
Mount Semiru, eruption of January, 1845, ...

Year.
Bice (ilesye ©)
fo LOSI
ee LOSE
so) 158
=e LOAG
see LOGO
-4 1640
. 1858

1848
1858

S LOHA
12 LORS
e1OAg

1851
1852
1847
1848
. 1848
1852
1849

tose
ws LOGS
.. 1848
LOS
x 1849
5 LOS O
2y FO5O
.. 1848
ge LOGO
0s LOA@
.. 1858
<f. EOAS
sae) LOSS
en 1e56
sa LOAO
sate LO4O,

. 1858
oe 1848
ie CROAT
sas LOAF,
Pe ROAG
nee LOAG
elo SE
o1 LO5O
se LO58
2 LO58
w= TO5S
a LOS

Volk) Are
IL ee
WSs
Vila
Ti: -ouNieSe
IM. 49
IV A3
LT Aa

ia AS
1D ae 7)
]. 2s

Ville 3s

Vile

ett)
Vag
Vises
LT 28
ia ee 2
1]
Ving,
Lit sre

Ville
IY 4CNS
Il ga
IX ye
TI cigs
IV 30
IV go
{i242
IV Ag
La
Lge
fines

I “Nes

Wil 6
ine
LDS SS ii
11[ > -aoNas
Il 44

1 25
I . To
ete.
ager
V 529
IVi_ 25
I] =218:. Nese
1 20.21 N.S.
III] App. N.S.
IV 20

INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 341

Weare VOles a Ant:
6

Muar (see also Moar) Sila Datu Meee of, my LOGE V
Naning, five days ... 1849 MB
notes on and notice of Naning war, Le LO5S ee eS:
Nether lands, Area claimed by in the if Ay. . 1848 MP ta
Tadia, Dr. BARON VAN HEOvILL’s labors, 1848 ih 2s
New Guinea, North and East Coastsvote (es S00 HOSS WAL ie)
Nicobar islands, the, ; ae ... 1849 Waifs)
sketches at the, LOAD INT, Ts
Numerals, Chinese and Tibeto-Ultra- indian. ELS5S IP eB IN IS.
Nutmeg, Cultivation of the, saa oe hoa ikeyks) Ne are
tree, diseases of wine. a PrlOAG TS erAls
re Cultivation and trade in from 17th Century, ee LOSE WAGs:
a plantations, Banda, ... ae AL LOSS es NS:
ng and cloves, Bencoolen, bas toa ee We 6)
Orang Biduana Kallang of Johor, we, ee LOG, I Bin
,, Komoring, the, son ... 1849 37
,, Mintira, visit of, to Singapore, oe ie LOA, 2s
a Sabimba, the a OA, Zo
» seletar (or Sletar) of Johor, thes yee. Pe OA Loe
Ophir, a trip to Mt., iy, Fo O52 Vio
Opium trade and Christianity, the, am ... 1849 INE aye

1848 Iisa fan
», smoking in Singapore and Straits,...

1849 Nie sZ0
1858 he NS

Pahang, description of East Coast of, ae ELOSO Wn

3 Journey to from Malacca, aoe LOR WAS iG)
Pa-Laong, Notes on, = ne SLOSS Sere Ss

Palawan, Peel Oo 2un ane ee A
Palembang to Fort Marlborough, journey from ... 1858 ey SNES:

1847 i330

Pantuns, Malay, 1848 II 46

aa Wiees 2

: evens 1849 Ill

Papuans, Australians aud Polynesians, a3 1850 IV an
Pasummah Lebar and Gunong Dempo, ieee tO,- --» 1850 USS INTO)

Pawangs, ae “0 SSE RSAC) Lie es

Perak, observations c on, ace ots She, ESI) IV. 34
Penang, the Malays of, bene ae ... 1858 Ue ALN GS:

a the Chinese in, see Fs SEOs IX

., Kedah, Notes at, LOG Viewan'S
as Malacca and Singapore, ‘Lae of England i aaa itso) Gee ous

> Climate of,.. ae nid ... 1848 Lipa2s

a0 IV 39

: 1852 Vii

a Notices of, cs a 1851 WP s
1858 Pe OUNe S

Pine apple fibre, preparation of the, S60 SeelOAG I 26

Piracies and Amoks, Malay, ... eet 4 FOA0 Miiy38

342 INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN

Piracy and Slave trade of the I. A.,

Pirates, Sarebas, Expedition against
Populations of the I. jahes
Java,
Probolingo, a trip to,
Pronouns and Definitives, Malay, Polynesian, &c.,
Province ae oe the Malays 0 of,
Pulo Aur, é
Dinding, ae
Races and languages, Asiatic and Indo Pacific,
RAFFLES, Sir STAMFORD, Life and Services of,
. and the I. A..,
Rainfall, at Horsburgh Light-house,
Rambau, a walk to Gunong Datu in,
Ranow, Journey to the lake of, ...
Rafflesia Palma, cont. to nat. history of,
Rhio, a glance at,
,, revenue and trade of,

,, Lingga Archipelago, sketch of the,

Route, steam, between Singapore and Torres Straits, .

‘ from Torres Straits to Sydney,
through Indian pene ea ee
Sabimba, orang, the, ae
ie tribes,
Sago, --
Sakei tribes of the Malay Peninsula,
Sarawak, gold in,
Sarebas and Sakanan pirates, destruction of,
expedition against,
Sassak, the religion of, =i
Seletar see Sletarnyeres.
Semang and Sakei tribes of Malay Peninsula,
Seman, offerings on the island of,
Semiru, eruption of Mt., in 1845,
Shair Bidasari, a Malay poem and translation,
Shan, Ka- Kying and Pa Laong, comp. vocab of,
Siam, coronation of the King of,
, the laws of, F
5, account of death of Queen of,
Siam, and Kedah, ancient connection between,
7 sancient annals of,
Siamese border, notes on the, ...
a Grammar, Bishop Pallieu’s,

Sijara Malayu (Malay annals) abstract of,
Sila Datu, Tumunggong of Muar,

ARCHIPELAGO.
Year. Vol. Art.
1849 Lite a4

1849 Hit “39
1850 UN Bc

so. 1049 LT sig

..» 1649 iD 24

. 1847 lee

... 1848 Il 3g

.. 1858 ll “4 Nes:

me LOSS Il) aNeSe

2 EOSO IV <16

«35, LOAQ Ill oe

.-- 1855 Dea

te5 OSS XS aS

2 E858 I oN Se

SS ORS VI- (29

. 1849 Il
.. L058 Il a4 NaS
. 1847 lee 47)

ee et OAG Les

-- LOAG Li 25

¢ 1854 Vitliie

( 1855 (IDlke

.. 1851 V 34

won LOSM V 438

20 FORT V3

wos LONG, I> 2o

s.« LOAZ 1223

x«: LO4@ Ill ze

ssa O50 LV 22g

30 LOAG III 46

..- 1849) SLAG

a. 1049 Ill. x9

. 1848 TI 936

v0 TORO IV? 29

... 1848 Ils

te 150 IV 20

<0) LOAG, I

-22 OSS Il “o Nes:

wae LOS Vig

ss OA, I 46

ee LOHZ VI 27

ee LOS Vat

woe TOAQ Lit, 33s

. 1850 IV 33

sa EOS Vo 3s

Y 1851 Vg

5 1852 Vi-Ss

52 ORE V iG

INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

Silong language, vocab. of the, .
Bi tribe of the Mergui Archipelago
Singapore, Agriculture ‘of,

¥ Agricultural Statistics, reports on,

5 Advice to invalids visiting,
a Botany of,
oe Census of,

Geology of,
Medical topography of,

_ Notices of,

a to Penang, boat voyage from,

Zoology of,
Sletar (or Silitar) Orang, of Johore,
As and Sabimba tribes,
Soliman’s narration,
Solo, Tiger fight at,
Soloese, Whale fishing of the,

Sooloo (see also Solo),

South Eastern Asia, Ethnology of,
Steam routes through J. A.,

Straits of Malacca, British Colonies in,
» yy) Singapore Geology of the,

Sulu (See Solo and Sooloo),
Sumatra, General sketch of,

3 Journey in,

- Coal in,
Sumbawa and Bima,
Surabaya, tour from and back to,
Ta-lien, worship of the,

Tankuban Prahu (Java) after eruption May 1846,

Tan Tai Hoey, in Singapore, the,

Temperature at Horsburgh Lighthouse, tables of,

Tenasserim, vegetable products of,

- geological and geographical notes on,
x metalliferous deposits and min. prod. of, ..

Thrai Phum, some account of the,
Tibetan dialects, Chinese and Scythic,

eo indian and Ultra Indian dialects, words com-
ErOSo
21855

mon to

Tibeto- Ultra Indian nd Mon- aaa foruiions

» Burman formation the, ..

Viear

2. 150
. 1850

Nery

. 1849

1849
1850

. I851

<2 LOSO
. 1850

~~

5 (ON 3

1847
1OoQ
1848
1853
1854
1855

. 1850

fn 1OAQ
. 1847

Pe LOAT
SE EOAS
Se eEOSO
.. 1850

1849
1849

. 1850

1851
1851
1851
1849
1852

. 1849

LOSO
an 1049
1 LOSO
es, LOAQ
ae Golo

. 1848

Se LORS
. 1852
. 1850
. 1849

. 1849
ee TOS

. 1858

1855
1858

Vol.

IV
IV
Ill
II
IV

343

+. 00

Nbnop
NN ANN

20

344 INDEX TO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

Tiger fight at Sooloo,

Timor, Dialects of and adjacent. islands,

Tin mines of Malacca, ark

Torres Straits, indications of copper ore in,
Steam routes through,

Tortoise-shell of Celebes, the,

Trade and Trading ports of the I. A.,

Trian, an auriferous mountain, fall of a portion of,

Tribes, the Goorkhas, and cognate, of the Ganges &c.,.

Ultra-Indian Gangetic and Tibetan languages,

Vocables non-Bhotian, common to N. Ultra- Indian
Himalayan and Middle Gangetic languages,

Vindhyas, Affiliation of the 3 classes of the tribes of,

Whale fishing, Soolooese,

Wild tribes of the Malayan Peninsula,

Words introduced from English into Malay, Polynesian,
and) Ghineseys use:

Zollinger M. Notice of the labours of,

Year.
... 1850
.. 1848
1. 1854
ose LOGO
25 LOST
. 1849

1850
1858

. 1849

. 1858

. 1858

PISS
. 1858
11 TORO
. 1848

. 1850
. 1848

OCCASIONAL NOTES.
SUMATRA IN 1886.

THE island of Sumatra is entirely under Dutch rule, nomi-
nally so at all events, though there are large tracts of country
where Dutch rule is not yet recognised, or where no attempt
has as yet been made to introduce it. This applies particu-
larly to the interior of Atjeh (Acheen), the countries of the
Alas, Gayus, and the different tribes of the Battaks.

The island is divided into a number of districts, provinces,
or kingdoms, some of which are under direct Dutch rule,
whereas others continue to be governed by their native rulers
with the assistance of European advisers.

The latest official statements give the following particu-
lars :—

Area, 8,567,585, geographical miles. (This includes the
Riouw residency, Banka and Billiton. Though geographically
dependencies of Sumatra, these are considered and treated
as separate parts in official records.)

Population :—Europeans, : aS 3,847
Natives of the country, ele O25 01
Chinese; —... ae Fie, ROE Roe:
IARADS) | a! M4 ee or 2,600
Other. ANSUEtIES, 22) - 5,196

These figures must, of course, be regarded as more or less
conjectural, as it is only as far as Europeans are concerned
that there can be any attempt at accuracy.

The following are the political divisions into which the
country has been sub-divided by the Dutch Government :—

1. West Coast of Sumatra, 2,200 geographical square
miles under direct Dutch rule. A Governor is at its head
with his head-quarters at Padang.

346 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

This Government has the following sub-divisions :—

(2) Padang Lower Counties (Padangsche Beneden-
landen). Chief place, Padang.

(>) Padang Upland Counties (Padangsche Bovelan-
den)", Chiet place, Port de Kock

(c) Tapanuli (Tapian Na Uli). Chief place, Padang
Sidempuan.

The Governor of the West Coast is subordinate to the
Governor-General in Batavia. The Upland Counties and
Tapanuli are administered by Residents, who are subordinate
to the Governor of the West Coast.

The Residencies contain smaller districts, with Assistant
Residents as Chief Magistrates, under whom there are again
lesser sub-divisions under Controllers.

The West Coast is a very rich and thickly populated coun-
try. Being, however, very mountainous, and without navi-
gable rivers, and traversed by two chains of high mountains
running almost parallel to each other, road-making is difficult,
and the country has as yet hardly been able to develop its
very rich resources. Vast coal-fields of very superior coal,
equal to the best English coal, discovered in 1870, have not
yet been opened up, as the question of a railway to the coast
still rernains unsettled. The coal-fields are estimated to con-
tain about 200 million tons of coal, half of which could be
worked by open galleries.

2. Residency of Benkoelen, 455 geographical square miles
under direct Dutch rule. Chief place, Benkoelen.

3. Residency of the Lampong Districts, 47,569 miles,
under direct Dutch rule. Chief place, Telok Betong.

4.. Residency of Palembang, under direct Duteneaamics
2,558 square miles. Chief place, Palembang.

The Resident of Palembang has also to watch the affairs of
the Sultanate of Djambi, which continue to be governed by a
Sultan with a Dutch Political Agent. The Dutch have taken
possession merely of the Coast port—Muara Kompeh—where
they keep a small garrison, and levy import and export duties.

The present Sultan, being a mominee of the Dutch Govern-
ment, is no favourite with his people, who continue to side

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 347

with the dethroned Sultan ; the latter lives up-country far away
in the interior. The Djambi people are known as great reli-
gious fanatics, and troubles are likely to be raised ere long in
this part of Sumatra.

5. Residency of East Coast of Sumatra, about 768 square
miles. Chief place, Bengkalis.

This Residency consists of a number of native states under
their native rulers. The Dutch Government claims direct rule
in the island of Bengkalis and in Laboean Batu, a district up
the Panei river.

The independent native states in this Residency are :—

Siak Sri Indrapura.

Pelalawan.

Kota Pinang.

Panei and Bila (these latter states dependencies of
Stak.)

Kwalu.

Asahan.

Batu Bara.

Tandjong.

Sieare Pare.

Pagarawan.

= dependencies of Deh.
edagei

Serdang.

Deli.

Langkat.

Tamiang.

Siak, until a few years ago, claimed sovereignty over all

these states.
_ Under treaties with all of them (the last of these only
having come into force as late as January, 1886), the Dutch
Government now collects import and export duties, has juris-
diction over Europeans and Chinese, controls the land con-
tracts which the native rulers may enter into with Europeans,
Ce. AC.

The Government disclaims the idea of annexing any of
these states, or putting them under direct Dutch rule, and only

348 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

a few months ago a native prince was re-installed in Asahan.
The Government at that place had, for a number of years, been
administered by a Dutch official, the native ruler, for miscon-
duct, having been banished to Java, and his re-instalment was
evidently made against the wishes of the greater part of the
Asahan people, w “ho preferred to remain under direct European
influence.

6. Atjeh and dependencies, 928 square miles, being the
northern part of the island adjoining on the West Coast
Singkei, and on the East Coast Tamiang.

Atjeh is under a Governor, who resides in Kota Radja. The
country 1s sub-divided as follows :—

(a) Ajteh Proper (Groot Atjeh) with 10 sub-districts
(Hulubalangs).
(6) Dependencies, viz. :—
1. West Coast of Atjeh, consisting of 20 states
under native Rajas ;
A, INOrda Coast Or Ae, © states under native
rulers ;
Be JRA Coast of Atjeh, 23 native states under
Rajas ;
4. Southern settlements of Atjeh Proper, con-
sisting of to states under native rulers.

The interior of Atjeh is entirely unknown. The Dutch
troops, since April, 1885, have been concentrated on the
northern Coast of Atjeh Proper, in a line which is defended by
anumber of fortifications. Edi, one of the native states of
the East Coast of Atjeh, has also a garrison—the only place
out of the line of defence.

What the Dutch Government intends doing towards the
final pacification of the country and submission of its obstinate
subjects, is difficult to guess.

7. Residency of Riouw and dependencies, about 825 geo-
graphical square miles. Chief place, Tandjong Pinang.

There belong to this residency :—

(a) The Bintang or Riouw group of islands ;
(6) ‘The Lingga group ;
(c) The Karimon, Tambilan, Anambas and Natuna

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 349

Islands, further on the Eastern Coast of Suma-
tra.
(g) Indragiri, with Mandah and Reteh.

8. Residency island of Banka with the Leper islands ;
area about 237 geographical square miles. Chief place,
Muntok.

g. Assistant Residency Island of Billiton (i litung) with
surrounding islands 154 in number. Chief place, Tandjong
Pandan.

Riouw and dependencies, Banka, and Billiton are under
direct Dutch rule.

A great deal has been done of late years towards the deve-
lopment of the rich resources of Sumatra, but there still
remains a vast field for European capital and ‘enterprise.

EF KEE DING.

THE KURAU DISTRICT, PERAK.

Kurau was originally a nest of pirates, and no one ventured
to live near the kwd/a, the people living at Kampong Tuah,
about 70 miles up the river. Many of the Kurau people were
themselves pirates, and Colonel Low, then Government Agent
in Province Wellesley, in conjunction with TOH JENU A,
Palawan, led, about fifty or sixty years ago, an expedition
against Kurau and destroyed a number of piratical boats.
Colonel Low created TOH JENUA Palawan of Kurau in the
place of Nakkoda UDDIN, who was a pirate.

No hasil klamin was originally paid in Kurau. Kurau
formerly extended to Pasir Gedabu and was under Panglima
BUKIT GANTANG. Hilir Kurau was itself given to Datoh
REJAB under the Panglima. After this the Bendahara came
to Kurau and claimed makan Raja namely 30 gantangs of
paddy from each &/amin, which the Datoh refused to ; pay.
The Bendahara then led an expedition from Perak against
Kurau and took the Datoh prisoner.

350 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

On hearing this, the Panglima came down the river and
met the Bendahara, and it was then agreed to pay the
Bendahara one elephant or $250, being its estimated value,
and 70 gantangs of paddy or $1.75 for each klamin. The
Panglima then assembled the people and asked whether they
would pay this and liberate the Datoh. The people agreed
to pay this tax, and the fine and tax was guaranteed by the
Panglima.

Datoh REJAB then consulted with Haji OMAR whether this
tax was to be continued, and the Haji, who was chief over
the Sélangor people, agreed to its continuance. The tax was
then regularly collected under the name hasi/ klamin, and was
paid to the Panglima, who had agreed matters as above with
the Bendahara, the payments being very regularly kept up
for a few years. Some fourteen or fifteen years ago, Datoh
REJAB failed to pay the has7/ klamin to the Panglima, and
on the latter demanding the same, it was refused, the Datoh
wishing to retain it for his own use. An expedition in the
name of Toh Muda GHAFAR was then arranged by the Pang-
lima ; it was led by Inchi LIMAH, daughter of the Panglima
and wife of Panglima Besar, who again was brother to KANDA
HASSAN (still living) (KANDA HASSAN is the father of Haji
ABDUL RAUF of Tanjong Piandang and Veluk Srah)) ire
other leaders of the expedition were Inchi MARIAM, another
daughter of the Panglima BukIT GANTANG, together with
Panglima Prang SEMAHON, Raja Lop, Raja ALANG, Haji
Aut, Maharaja Lela, Panglima KiaTA, Panglima KAMPAR,
and all the élite of Upper Pérak.

This war is spoken of as ‘‘ Prang Panglima Bukit Gantang.”’
When the expedition reached Kurau, the Mantri supplied rice
from Larut to Panglima BUKIT GANTANG and fire-arms to
Inchi Mar ALI, son of Datoh REJAB; the Mamtiismime
nephew of the former Panglima BUKIT GANTANG. War was
declared, and Haji OMAR together with Inchi MAHMUD of
Teluk Rubiah, both Sélangor men, joined Inchi MAT ALI.
Panglima BUKIT GANTANG’S force erected five stockades at
KwaAala Kurau and attacked Inchi MAHMUD at night at Teluk
Rubiah. Inchi MAHMUD evacuated his position, but next day
informed Inchis MARIAM and Lima that he was ready to fight,

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 351

and returning to Teluk Rubiah erected a stockade, his retreat
on the previous night having been only a feint as his prepara-
tions were not complete. Inchi MAHMUD was attacked on
the same night by a Kota Lama party of 150 men led by their
chiefs, who carried the stockade, which had been left in charge
of 3 or 4 mento keep up appearances, Inchi MAHMUD and
his party retiring into the neighbouring jungle. When the
Kota Lama people had occupied the stockade, Inchi MAHMUD’S
party returned, surrounded the Kota Lama people, killed 15
or 16, and put the remainder to flight in the greatest con-
fusion, when they were met by Haji OMAR about half way to
Kwala Kurau, who fired into them, and the Kota Lama people
then took to their boats, pursued by Haji OMAR, who was for
attacking them, but was restrained by Inchi MAHMUD. For
two months the Kota Lama people tended their wounded who
had suffered severely from ranjaus which had been placed by
Inchi MAHMUD’S people along the line of retreat which the
Kota Lama people would have to follow when retiring from
the stockade.

After this Inchi NGAH LAMAT of Bukit Gantang, uncle of
the Mantri, hearing of the defeat of the Kota Lama men, came
to settle the dispute, but leaving Kwala Kurau for Bagan
Tiang was taken ill and returned to Kurau to die. This led to
the return of the Panglima BUKIT GANTANG’S expedition. The
Panglima had gained this title because when the Kedah
people attacked Pérak, he lay in ambush for them in the Bukit
Berapit pass and defeated them with great slaughter.

Hlasil klamin still continued to be paid, but Datoh REJAB
retired from the administration of the district, handing over
his authority to his fourth son, Inchi MAT ALI, who received
the hasil klamin as formerly, and from this war all land cases
date. Five years after this, Inchi MAT ALI received a kuasa
from the Mantri to attack Sultan ALI’S Penghulus at Bagan
Tiang, who were led by Panglima Besar, WAN ISMAIL, and
MaGatT Aris. The Bagan Viang people were defeated, and
MAGAT ARIS was wounded in the arm. The English Govern-
ment sided with the Bagan ‘Tiang people, but rendered no
assistance. Another fight took place and Inchi MAT ALI was
defeated. Sultan ALI, fearing that Inchi MAT ALI might

352 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

organize another attack, transferred his authority over all the
districts from Krian to Kurau to the Mantri.

Before the Chinese war, Raja Muda ABDULLAH, as he was
then called (not having yet been appointed Sultan), went to
Krian and passed himself off as Sultan, he then proceeded
to Kurau, where he was visited by Inchi MAT ALI, whose
father, TOH REJAB, was still alive. Inchi MAT ALI gave Raja
MupbDA ABDULLAH $300 as a present, and the Raja gave him
authority over the Kurau district as far as Kampong Tanjong.
Inchi Mat ALI continued to collect hasz? klamin as before
from the Sélangor people of 70 gantangs or 7 sukus, $1.75,
and from the Penang people the same rate or the value of the
paddy, say $2.80 or 4 cents per gantang. This was the rate
to 1875. When Mr. BIRCH was appointed Resident, he gave
a kuasa to Inchi MAT ALI to collect the haszl klamin as
before, the Inchi to receive one-fifth as commission, the
revenue to be paid in at Larut. Inchi MAT ALI collected the
tax to the extent of two boat loads of paddy and no more was
forthcoming, the Mantri always denying that anything had
been paid to him. ‘Thus the matter remained till 1876, when
Mr. JEREMIAH instructed Captain SPEEDY to collect it, but
owing to the war then being carried on the rate was reduced
to $1, and it remained at this figure till Sir HUGH Low raised
it to its present rate.

N. DENTSONE

==

Mr. R. B. SHARPE ON BIRDS FROM PERAK.

(from the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London, Fune 29th, 1556.)

Notes on some Birds from Pérak. By R. BOWDLER SHARPE, F.L.S., F.Z.8., etc.
Zoological Department, British Museum.

Thanks to the exertions of Mr. DAVISON, who explored
the western side of the Malayan Peninsula, we have a tolerably
complete list of the birds of this portion of the Indian Region,
and a list of his collections has been given by Mr. HUME

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 353

(eoteay ss beathers, 1870, p.p. 37, 151). The series of
Malayan birds in the Hume collection, now in the British
Museum, is an extremely valuable one, and it is to be regret-
ted that Mr. DAVISON was never able, through political
obstacles, to reach the mountains on the eastern side of the
Peninsula and explore the high ridge or ‘‘backbone”’ which
runs down its entire length. Considerable speculation has
been: excited respecting the fauna of these Malayan moun-
tains, because all the collections hitherto made in Malacca
have proved that, as regards the birds, there are very few
species which are not common to Borneo, Sumatra, and the
Malayan Peninsula. Sumatra, however, has always enjoyed
a certain distinction from possessing at least one genus—
Psilopogon—peculiar to itself; and, again, in the mountains
several Himalayan genera have been found with species
identical with, or only slightly differing from, those which
occur in the Eastern Himalayas and extend down the moun-
tains of Tenasserim. Many Malayan species range into the
southern portions of the last-named province; but as regards
the Himalayan genera, such as NWiltava, Liothrix, Pnepyga,
Szbia, &c., all traces of them are lost after leaving Tenas-
serim until they turn up again in Sumatra.

Many prognostications have been made that when the
mountains of the Malayan Peninsula were explored, the
above-named genera and many others common to the moun-
tains of Tenasserim and Sumatra would be found to extend
along the eastern side of Malacca; but of this the first
actual proof has been furnished by Mr. L. Wray, who has
sent a small parcel of birds from the mountains of Pérak to
the British Museum. Although so few in number, the re-
velations which they disclose are of the greatest value, for
they show that in Pérak, at least, and probably throughout
the mountain-range, there is a curious mixture of Himalayan
and High-Sumatran forms. Thus the Pszlopogon, hitherto
supposed to be a peculiar Sumatran genus, is accompanied
by Rhinocichla mitrata (lanthocincla mitrata, Auct. ),
another species hitherto believed to be confined in Sumatra;
and the Széza is also the Sumatran S. scwzllima, and not
S. picata. The affinities of the Pérak species being there.

304 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

fore so markedly Sumatran, it is not a little surprising to find
that the AZesza is MW. argentauris of the Himalayas, and not
MM. laurinae of Sumatra as one would have expected.

The following is a list of the specimens sent by Mr. WRaAy,
who informs us that they were mostly obtained at an elevation
of 3,000 feet, and that his native collector, after an experience
of 30 years’ work, had not met with some of the species
before :—

fam. Muscicapide.

Niltava. grandis, Wodgs.; SHARPE, Cat. Bagi spaaaom
“No. 11, male. Trides red; leg and feet nearly blaela- Meas
black. The female is brown, with a blue spot on each
shoulder anda patch of ash under neck; head blackish and
slightly glossed with blue. Specimens obtained at 4,000
feet.’

Compared with males from Sikhim and Tenasserim in the
Hume Collection, and apparently indentical in every respect.

Rhinoctchla mitrata (S. Miull.); SHARPE, Cat. B. VII, p.

2.

. lanthocincla mitrata, Bp. Consp. |, p. 375) Nome
males. Irides brown; beak orange ; legs yellow; skin under
eye pure white. Common above 3,000 feet.”

Two specimens sent, identical with others in the Museum
from Sumatra, to which island the species has hitherto been
supposed to be confined.

Fam. Timeliide.

Hydrocichla ruficapilla (Temm.); SHARPE, Cat. B. VII,
COE
ee rujicapilus, Demm.. Pl. Col. Ill plage
17, female. Irides brown ; legs nearly white; beak black.
Rocky streams in the jungle on the hills.”

Agrees with the females of this species as described by
Messrs. HUME and DAVISON.

Sibia simillima (Salvad.) ; SHARPE, Cat. B. vol. VII, p. 402.

Heterophasia simillima, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov.

RUG 282.

~

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 355

“No. 13, female. Iris brown ; beak black ; legs plumbeous.
Flies about among the tops of trees in parties of from 20
to 30. Above 3,000 feet.”

The two specimens sent agree precisely with a Sumatran
example in the British Musuem collected by Mr. CARL BOCK.

Mesia argentaurts, Hodgs.; SHARPE, Cat. B. VII, p. 642.
“No. 10, female. Iris brown; feet and beak of same colour
as throat of female. Male bird has red under tail-coverts ;
throat orange. From the hills of Pérak over 3,000 feet.
Flies about in small parties of 10 or 12.”

The female sent is absolutely identical with Himalayan
specimens, and the note given by Mr. WRay asto the
colouring of the male also suits the Himalayan bird and does
not agree with the Sumatran W/. l/aurinz, Salvad. (Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. XIV, p. 231), which is the species one would
have expected to find along with Szdza s¢mzllima.

Fam. Caprttonide.

Psilopogon pyrolophus, S. Mill. ; MARSHALL, Monogr. Capit.
p- 133, pl. 53.
“No. 14, male and female. Iris brown; legs dull green;
bare skin under eye green. On the hills over 3,000 feet.”
This species has only been recorded from Sumatra up to
the present time.

Fam. Alcedinide.

Carcineutes pulchellus (Horsf.) ; SHARPE, Monogr. Alced.
Bp 251, pl. 06.

“No. 16, male. Irides white; bare skin under eye pale
brown; beak crimson-red. Had just caught and partly eaten
a large spider.”

Fam. Trogonide.

Hlarpactes duvancelt, Temm.; Gould, Monogr. Trogon.
end ed., pl. 4o.

“No. 15, male. Irides brown; bill pure cobalt-blue. Hills,
up to about 2,000 feet.”

356 OCCASIONAL NOTES.
EVIDENCE OF SIAMESE WORK IN PERAK.

Some time ago I obtained possession of a Kachit*—/.e.,
scissors for cutting betel-nut—which was found at a depth of
about six feet below the surface in a hill-mine near Ipoh in
Kinta. This Kachit is of quite a different pattern from those
in use by the Pérak Malays, not being fitted with a cutting
blade, but having two corrugated surfaces, for the apparent
use of crushing the nut Unstead of cutting 1 mmtorsiicesumm
have been told that this is a common form of Kachzt in Siam.

But a more positive item of evidence is an ingot of tin
weighing about two katz, of semi-elliptical form, which was
found near Kwala Dipang in Kampar, in the workings of
a mine; this specimen bears an inscription in what are evident-
ly Siamese characters, as several letters may still be deciphered,
but I cannot find anybody in Kinta who isa good enough
Siamese scholar to put together enough of the letters to make
any sense of them. I have sent these two specimens to the
Pérak Museum at Thaipeng hoping that perhaps somebody
may be able to make out the inscription.

Ae
CURRENCY (NEGRI SEMBILAN ).

i VED =P = 21 cents.
Bi ”) == 22 yy
30 aaa 28) oy
1 ngbharu t — Zook
1 liku ?ngbharu = 52% 5,
Dy ” == 55 7)
S'tali = sngbharu = 125 ae

* Kachip (2)—ED.

+ Satu lékor is one way of expressing twenty-one in Malay, dua lékor is
twenty-two, tiga /ékor twenty-three, and so on.

t Wang bharu, ‘new coin” is the name which was given in Malacca to
a small Dutch silver coin no longer current. The phrase is still used to
signify 25 cents.—EpD.

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 357

S’pérak = 6 cents.
S’suku = Bie

S" wang = Digies
S"kupang aa 12% 5,
S'omeh (mas) = BOR Us
Omeh dua puloh = 5 7.00

20 emeh = 10.00

Dua puloh S rept -- 7.00

Dua blas s’répt “= 4.00

A man who marries a virgin must pay 20 s’réfi or 87. 00
into the hands of the /du- Bapa or elders of her swku.

A man who marries a widow must pay 12 s’réfz or 54. 00.

A man who abducts a widow must pay 4 @zhku s’répi or
$9.30, for a virgin the fine is 48 s’rép7 or $18.30.

Roun. Bt

fee Ee kINCE, OR PRINCESS, OF THE BAMBOO.

In Part I of Vol. XIX (N.S.) of the Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society (January, 1887), there is a translation of a
Japanese romance which contains a feature common in
Malay romances and legends. The Japanese story of the
Old Bamboo-hewer, translated by Mr. DICKINS, opens as
follows :—

“Formerly there lived an old man, a bamboo-hewer, who
hewed bamboos on the bosky hill-side and manywise he
wrought them to serve men’s needs and his name was Sanugi
no Miyakko. Now one day while plying the hatchet in a
grove of bamboos was he ware of a tall stem, whence streamed
forth through the gloom a dazzling light. Much marvelling
he drew near to the reed and saw that the glory proceeded
from the heart thereof and he looked again and beheld a
tiny creature, a palm’s breadth in stature and of rare loveli-

358 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

ness, Which stood midmost the splendour. Then he said
to himself, ‘day after day, from dawn to dusk, toil | among
these bamboo-reeds, and this child that abides amidst them
I may surely claim as mine own.’ So, he put forth his
hand and took the tiny being and carried it home and gave
it to the goodwife and her women to be nourished.”

In his notes on the text, Mr. DICKINS says that a Japanese
bibliography (native) published about the year 1300 men-
tions several native works as sources from which incidents
in the tale of the bamboo-hewer have been derived. From
one of these a curious Buddhist legend is cited to the follow-
ing effect :—

“Three recluses, after long-continued meditation, found
themselves possessed of the truth and so great was their joy
that their hearts broke and they died. Their souls thereupon
took the form of bamboos with leaves of gold and roots of
precious jade and after a period of ten months had elapsed,
the stems of these bamboos split open and disclosed each a
beauteous boy. The three youths sat on the ground under
their bamboos and after seven days’ meditation, they, too,
became possessed of the truth, whereupon their bodies
assumed a golden hue and displayed the marks of saintliness
while the bamboos disappeared and were replaced by seven
magnificent temples. The legend is manifestly of Indian
origin.”

I have already pointed out the fact of the existence both
in Japanese and Malay legends of the main feature of this
story, the supernatural development of a young child in the
interior of some vegetable production (Notes and Queries,
No. 4, issued with No. 17 of the Journal, Straits Branch of
the Royal Asiatic Society), and those interested in the Japan-
ese romance introduced to English readers by Mr. DICKINS
will find it curiously paralleled, as to this particular incident,
by the Malay legends cited in a paper in the Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XIII (N. S.), Part IV.

W) Ea

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 5309

NOES ON VICAYU GIA:

In CRAWFORD’S Dictionary of the Malay Archipelago [| find
the following :—‘t AGILA the Eagle-wood of Commerce. Its
“name in Malay and Javanese is kalambak or kalambah,
“but it is also known in these languages by that of eharu or
‘“kayu gharu, gharu-wood, a corruption of the Sanscrit
°C Sa "here can be no .doubt but that
“the perfumed wood is the result of disease in the tree that
‘yields it produced by the thickening of the sap into a gum
OL-resin,

This ‘‘ Eagle-wood of Commerce” under its more familiar
name gharu is one of the rarest and most valuable products
of our Malayan jungles, and the following notes may be of
interest. They are the result of enquiries amongst the Malays
and Pawangs in Ulu Muar and Johol and | am indebted to
Meee CAZALAS for much assistance in obtaining the
information contained in them.

The gharu tree is a tall forest tree sometimes reaching the
Bize-@) ty fect im diameter. The bark is of a silvery gray
colour and the foliage close and dense of a dark hue. The
Malay name for the tree is ‘‘¢tabak’’ and no other mav be
used by the Pawang when in search of the kayu gharu.
Gharu, the diseased heart-wood of the ¢aéak, is found in
trees of all sizes even in trees of one foot in diameter, thus
shewing that the disease attacks the tree at an early stage.

The gharu is found in pockets and may sometimes be dis-
covered by the veins which run to these pockets. In other
trees the veins are absent, which renders the process of search-
ing more difficult. The tree is generally cut down and left
to rot which exposes the gharw in about six months.

Seecdckers ate found to contain as much as 104 catties; a
single tree has been known to yield 400 catties. Gharu is
seldom found in the sap-wood, generally in the heart-wood or
téras.

Many /¢adak trees do not contain gharu at all. To select
the right trees is the special province of the Pawang or wise

360 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

man. The ¢adak trees are under the care of certain hantu
or wood-spirits and it would be hopeless for the uninitiated
to attempt to find gharu; even the Pawang has to be very
careful.

The following is the process as far as | have been able to
aSc@ uta te ==

On the outskirts of the forest, the Pawang must burn in-
cense, and repeat the following charm or formula :—

“ Homali hamali matilok (mandillah ?) serta kalam
mandiyat serta teboh. Turun suhaya trima suka turun
‘“kadim serta aku kabul kata gharu mustajak kata Allah
“ Berkat la waha Wallah. Her Putri. Belingkai ae
‘“« Berjuntet, Putri Menginjanaku meminta ist tabak. Ta'boleh
“di surohkan, ta'boleh lindong kapada aku kalau di suroh
“di lindong kan biar durdka kapada tuhan.”’

6é

There is no ‘‘ pantang gharu’’ except that the words

“ist” and “fabak ’ must be used instead of “7705. ae

AOD

“He then proceeds to search for a likely tree, and upon find-
ing one he again burns incense and repeats the spell as above.
Tine ice having been cut down the next thing is to separate
the gharu from the sap-wood. The best way is to let the
tree rot, but the Pawang is olten “hard-up” and) dees mmer
mind wasting some of the gharu in his hurry to realize.

dive following are said to be the tests for finding gharu in
a standing tree.

The tree is full of knots. (Lerbung kol.)

The bark full of moss and fungus. (értumuh bér-
chandawan.)

Heart-wood hollow. (erlobang.)

Bark peeling off. (Bergugor kultt.)

A clear space underneath. (Mengelénggang.)

Stumps jutting out. (Derchulak.)

Tree tapering. (Bertirus.)

The falling of the leaves in old trees.

DO eS

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 361

There are great differences in the quality of gharu, and
great care is taken in classifying them. It requires a skilled
man to distinguish between some of the varieties.

The names are as follow :—

1. Chandan.
Tandok.
Menzulong-ulong.
Stkat.
Stkat Lampam.
Bulu Rusa.
Kemandangan.
Wangkang.

The chandan (padu tiada champur) is oily, black and glisten-
ing. It sinks in water.

The fadak very closely resembles the chandan.

The menjulong-ulong may be distinguished from the
chandan and the fandok by its length and small breadth.
Splinters, 36 inches long, have been found evidently from
veins not pockets.

Stkat (bertabun champur kubal dan téras) fibrous with
slight lustre will just float in water. Black and white streaks.

Stkat Lampam—the same as stkat, only white streaks
more prominent.

Bulu Rusa will float in water, fibrous, generally of a yellow
colour.

Kemandangan floats in water, whitish, fibrous fragments
small.

Wangkang floats in water, fibrous blocks whitish in colour.

The chandan tree differs from other gharu trees in having
a maximum diameter of about 1} feet and very soft sap-wood.

Gharu varies in price between $200 and $50a pzkul accord-
ing to the variety. The chandan and the tandok are the
most valuable.

Chinese and Malays burn it in their houses on high days and
festivals—the latter generally take a supply with them on the
pugrimage to Mecca. The better varieties are used in the
manufacture of aromatic oils.

Com Den bo bs

Re NB:

362 OCCASIONIAL NOTES.
CEREMONIES AT SEED TIME.

In common with the Burmese and Siamese, the Malays have

a superstitious belief in the power exerted by the spirits of
the earth and air and of the sun and moon in furthering the
growth of padz. This is especially evinced in the propitiatory
invocations which they resort to, and the offerings which they
lay upon the ground or scatter in the air at seedtime. Of the
invocations given below, the first two, with their renderings,
are taken from a work * by Captain Low, Superintendent of
Province Wellesley under the East India Company in 1836,
and the remainder, which I have obtained from Malays in
Penang, are in common use up to the present time in the
Straits Settlements and throughout the Malay Peninsula.
They are knownas “ Puji? padi” or “ propitiation of the padz.”
The first is to Dangomala and Dangomali, spirits of the sun
and moon :—

Sri Dangomala, Sri Dangomatli !

Handak kirim anak samobtlan bulan ;

Sagala inang, sagala pengasoh ;

Fangan bri sakit, gangan bri demam ;

Fangan bri ngilu dan pening

Kechil menjadi besar ;

Tuah jadi muda ;

Yang ta’kejap ai per kejap ;

Yang ta’sama dt per sama ;

Yang ta’hijau di per hizau ;

Yang ta’tinggt di per tinggt ;

Hijau seperti ayer laut ;

Tinggi seperti Bukit Kaf. —

O illustrious spirits of the sun and moon!
Let there be fruit (offspring) nine months hence.

* “ A Dissertation on the Soil and Agriculture of the British Settlement
of Penang, &c.”’ by Captain JAMES Low of the Madras Army, in civil
charge of Province Wellesley and Corresponding Member of the Asiatic
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, &c.—Printed at the Singapore Free
Press Office, 18306.

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 363

O royal nurses all preserve it from sickness and
fever, vertigo and headache.

May it reach the full stature.

May the old become young again.

Where backward may it become forward.

Where unequal may it be made equal.

Where colourless may it become green.

Where short may it become long.

Green as the waters of the Qcean.

High as the mountains of Kat.

The second is a hyperbolical description of each of the nine
months during which the grain is coming to maturity; the
tenth, or harvest time, is compared with the birth of Mo-
hamed, and the incantation closes with a prayer for an
abundant crop :—

Bintang mara chuacha limpat ;

Ka-dua limpat di langit ;

Ka-tiga limpat dt bumt ,

Ka-ampat ayer sambayang ;

Ka-lima pintu mazahap ;

Ka-anam pintu régukt ;

Ka-tujoh pintu mahaliget ;

Ka-adilapan pintu shurga ;

Ka-sumbilan anak di-kandong thu ;

Ka-saipuloh Mahomed jadi.

Fadi sakilian jade.

Bayan Allah didalam rongga batu.,

Lagi ada régukt ;

Dert hulu deri hilir

Saref mengaref ;

Deri sina ka daksina

Manghantar rézuki

Bertambah bertambun.

The gloriously resplendent stars lighting the firma-
ment are the first ;

The full refulgence is the second ;

The fullness spreading over the earth is the third—
causing abundance ;

OCCASIONAL NOTES.

The fourth, the blessed waters, harbingers of ferti-
lit

The ‘ifth the four gates of the world, pouring out
plenty.

The sixth is the door to the Wik of food ;

The seventh 1s the portal of the palace ;

The eighth the floor of Surga or Heaven ;

The ninth the pregnant mother ;

The tenth (z. e., the harvest) month the birthday of
Mahomed (the luckiest day of the year) ;

May all prove prosperous.

May dry grain prosper.

May the hand of the Almighty appear in the filling
of the husk, as the hole in a rock is shut up by
degrees.

From above, from below, let plenty always flow,

From East and West may abundance ever increasing
pour in.

The next is an invocation of the earth spirit Noh and
Dewa Imbang, a sprite of air:—

Fflei! Noh yang dalam bumt,

Dewa I[mbang deri udara,

Anak saraja jin ketala buntt,

Yang memegang bumt.

Hail! Noh who dwellest within the earth !

And thou Imbang who art ruler in the air,

Son of the spirit who rules the folds of earth,
Who guardest with thy power the gates of earth.

The last is an invocation to Setia Guni, an earth spirit, and
contains the poetical idea that the grain is surrendered like
a dear child to a tender foster mother by its parent who will
come to claim it back after six months have passed :—

Het Tuanku Setia gunt

Yang memegang bumi tujoh lapis
Aku bertarohkan anak aku

Sri Chinta rasa chukup dengan inang
Pengasoh kanda manda itu

OCCASIONAL NOTES 8645

Sampet lima bulan ka-anam

Aku datang mengambil balik
Fangan angkau bagi rasa binasa
Chachat chelah inilah upah-kan mu.

Hail! lord Setza Gunz,

Who dost rule the seven-fold earth,

I herewith lay my child upon thy breast,

My child the darling of my heart,

With his full following of nurses and attendants,
And when the fifth moon wanes unto the sixth

I shall come to claim him back again.

Let him taste no harm or evil, great or small,
Here is thy reward.

The “aupah’’ or payment of the services of the spirit, ts
generally as follows :—

An egg, a bunch of betel-vine leaves, some “‘ bras kunntet’’
(oryza glutinosa), some “ bras berttk” (¢. e., the white pulp
which exudes from rice grains when roasted), anda “ ketupat ”
or little woven basket of cocoa-nut leaves filled with rice.

After this invocation of Setia Guni loadfuls of rich are
sprinkled on the ground, and the following invocation is then
raised to the spirit of the air :—

Het! Tuanku Malim ka-raja-an

Yang memegang langit tujoh lapts

Aku bertarohkan anak aku

Sri Chinta rasa, &c. (as in the last. ]
Hail! Walim, who dost supremely rule
The seven folds of sky,

I lay my child in pledge with thee,

My child the darling of my heart, &c., &c.

After this the rice is thrown into the air, and the ceremony
is complete.

The ‘“‘ fawangs,’ sorcerers or rather “wise men” who
are skilled in these incantations, are in great request at the
sowing of the padi crop.

Aa W. O'SULEIVAN.

366 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

Address of the Penang Mohammedans to the Queen on the
occasion of the Fubilee of Her Reign, Fune, 1887.

a> dl, 2.£\)

gS gF gyhel allel gd UI Nb Alle sle ,Sl,i eds

Ao py otyl Jun Js esx yl ogee Bas And oy gdel Pont y!
A Mase aS) yok Sled 4,55 Je ww lb Lie EL an wehhns
Nahe pass op a ehS grliys ashe gy y: ce) dawe dns |
cur yad dean Keghee sd ld \Ks slo dnd yy’ 5 Si mise
US girs y® sys gerd gd ye SM yl S Kd yodel Soryne
oils ri ans yds wo ENS east Cs Wy tne é qs ab 92S,
yl old hy a8} gle glo SSE! ot gl kee
Ker IS PosK ghd gall GHils pyectt syhi Keo ale
BES edee aloo tel ils eh ol gael sho gales
pyar dt) OS quale Uitle Gl oe
FL ghSS g&S Atle dqwlS Gay syler yOd lege ols
canny JR he Law old le ano) yalkeo Geld bi pbare
3 piss che Lyn sys gg aly dst ays Sys: Sd gd
OES Bd99 A) arghSre he gras ld SS ld gil Sxad gly’
gle eo Sylae Shed Ly Share Legere erode ghd hel partus
pile ld aye Gram pamle JRo Bod i SleS gla sole

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 867
gy éasls a5) 53 gis asl ols wg Stx je 53
pple Ke N55 ae ac o Sole & Sika 8:Kis ae
a os ols ber Ke BEEK) stoped dedis adsl 3 ey
es we sed oe ahi men i CAN yd os : Pye &
cay etyd sli GOS yi a Ql GerenlKes he oy Rare
seghelee ge

sols 5) ya) regles dnhd yahirs sj ls Sli © phe!
yy gis lee) os 9) Ses Pyne dey) ols os cs! Sr ali
5) nd ld bi old ae © ls Seas 5 Ska Gaile Sale
ori qreghins ye) esseaael & yy ols cas 9d) gh 3 ls os
wr. ols fecael dn) Ne oes 57 Rt pds ols so gil
See tle Soyo Bs PSS sls paeyy glo pad Se Sle
ood 2553 &) JNK ele Pg) Ke Shed Shady b>
ooh a os oSau als

os “ty as dre glie GN oe, sa

Swe Paps | Pog ke eh. gawd ints sy & gave
Caan oes coke atts ly 3 al Says vs asi eile Gx
BEKIS ge Glo tl Bet alys GS ded Gat! geSeruy
J dB ols es prt Wd sre BSNS NK oe

368 OCCASIONAL NOTES.
Ke JSS Pyblys ld PIAS pale Je wd Guage
ot) Beadylyd pss gSe3] lige Gove Pamvele (5K
pyran Et Logins dodo Gls Al erslrre dl Gurlie ele
yh SSS AIF a) rms GES chelpsts hyd dys ali yoo
o gtles ges PACES] ol J) yd ad 3 els owes
BL derhee P pra ss SL2kr dors aly: NaF yo del
ik aS ) one J393 oP prews oes oe Hass wld desl
ca lely Blame a) WS los Sadr Wexeober pods Lm ls
rnd lS old ersco Phat oes ee pais Vez Syed us]
gels wars) oss ols shi Pmt ews St de yd ASRS ols
Yoel owl. cghe pads sys ered WSS ree ye
oH) deme caaygne Kepler erat yaldo ySI Fy phe!
ae) che pass sys red os lok. sr, cy pha y! > pw
oat wil aus) Je opted Rody Sl,3 ogee)
dane ("Sly
BdgS Sete dene gt petelD daw
AUIS Mase a py! Jy des Em
sols gle Dass 2m
eA la& ert eee gt daar ew

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 369

Fubilee Address by Perak ra‘iyats, Fune, 1887.

tty pach)

cH yt We lll gs WN JE Wile sls SIs edye
pall cB ye od sulyy ale WIA pele sles!
pudly Jllanlol

tel helen Wy2Say pS crpree yd gSlyf evtys
Posty! Slax ida say che Edn) dnd ygheel Prndy! gy)
NSN NS Syed oS SS GS) galQo oly anol

Ee she lends case yd gh ym SIU BLS Soplee y
mayer KEI gS yal dal ylpiew GSTd pileoy
ee lol py phere dedle sSS qaurdlan Shei
ged ytc Leads Wy y2Sry 9S ye Csromeeyd gS] edys
sa Pra gopine gat 4%, cg Jeet hlaalS LS Leys
wo ghone Yo AL alS asi ge glh-Kiewe tly pileeyy
Pe ss FS ale ll alo
LXer SI KS lk, choles Ly 2, tS
Lis miss eatides SIL g%, olSlpe dole pe any ye
ore lyd Slow Sul ler dpe Be lea cst Chl Wu
poles oP taTS AT My wll sa Akan yan slot
gs rd GS giblen cope ake GIS SIS ged bo sue

870 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

exh 99 StS oo Ass & a
ousle sy ed ye
WS Ba ArKrs 5 hare desde
pal dale egal 93
A oI ee
uals Aso idee rob
eso denne V yeh Sle
oo) yaa earned) os hots
ss piss sth danas y}
phe) Say lwegaam adres

wy GS NSE pre dias yDVAl yd aed

OM Fe&y SIS Sealine
P'S a gs Sus
be ghd dare port ew of Lda
Saal Sd Sdn0 so 5) penne
ce WS Aepney od geod yoo sl yi

ge IS hed par GIS Syed

SIS gS ghyll yes
cyt Eaal Pel Se
Gel SSS pK sks
esd grat yo edyd sh
Dessy Slew yhhypS oF 3
er les Ey yynze ghd Bene

get Cha gitel Sle g%, ylpeodee ale ene

lyre Blrwe CB ynd C5 SE andy yale Aol Glo

ose eplecstec Sapper sli cs bh SS pose ld Soy dole ay

lnme S) 1887 oy se dort l® 27 BAS Lhe Lol pads © yd ghdnsy

Lyadks Uy geXry 55 SS es Old candle ses los Sib)
oy lS xsi lsh Ont] S CO Sits she

S70? oI Pl3s Ay EE) galho yle Sil SSils

Gqmae dagSod Gl gl) alaky casyhre giley pO sland VS

OCCASIONAL NOTES.

371

lst cat)

Renee é& pole os! sit dase
ly lene Ree rn)

ow lex & MKS sls “9h oes sls ba" ot
gee lees dS |e pplaachs & TS)
ed Ey sine J] il

ged Bt pb gle andl! “ssi
Fe) ail ol BES lise
ewes) ot! eS) ed ce boety > 27
dey C8] y! SLE ear yee

AAD Kd ylD dlr,

ws wd ot dag chyd dIo
gwiyles dS lus oh cove] ytd
migdels 3 yl Shc ea& ol

70;

Fubilee Address by Perak Penghulus,—Fune, 1887.

cal ge pW gd WI Jb pile slo SIs adyo

paballcncd ye ot slaty, ae Whe pl lev. sles
| putty Sldrl ol

372 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

data) gine tle ab, gyi! Yee ge
so alse tern) cus ype poe ols aap Jus Posty! ils

Oe PUIS Sy

gsdgerarye SySe cohyd gh ye SEU SylS dame Kepler y

sd ims SU ISlyy2Kry gtyS *

sey armed yy gl Sagano
coat Sat gg2Qry 19S
so Poly i) Kao ys
awd daly ssl gs yNi8
BN gus dem les Sed oy 95 dK es
oll ST yes os ld So
cplabalee 4 Is Gls
Lexy y) sypemer (5 SI CAR
eslSS arsto SI SLs
os Hoe ohsils
cl yme rye old Sule
lpber dS dole wale 59)
Ge es:
gd pret ye ty cea yhee

sdgrae yo SI gt oy ghel

ot el SE
8 BgKpa gyi oy phel
5 28 Sd yt y ELS
By gdlere LypXyy os -
gesyi Skee yall bys aad
Gt yd KR Pdgsd y!
age GI gehe coy
wat (dls) ge
cas Kg 50 em
Ped ES) wis so 3) yas
Jl3) gad (sales Sy
clouds cyt 98 SI
Ayes Galle Gagll
csdiad Spe Lo piss

OCCASIONAL

NODES.

373

LE. ys se %. on, °
cS cool ys cr lee *% ses IS »3 see p\ael

Pelee ine dy yy

sI'es ye Wyd yh!
Qe Sym liye sae

NS

CS oS

se ON
7 SS

Gus SS yr ctl cory Hx

Ss &E Sb gible
Ls Sy yoy ors!
re aly yaar (5 SG)!
| Vy SSS pdpwe opp di gils
Pye GS) yhSe sas
olyee syle Paly gal&
OY Sy SMES) yah
BEL aoe eas Peb Ree
Pessles enney oSlyenbes
ge Se col SLS
SIS Qe et pt SL
aK gt pe eS 2) yyy
Ody go> Ha ed aylio

av Na
vy ON

S22

7 UCAS

!.
Ca
nA
ZN
*

Pare sh erady

mis spo gry Lis
Wie Syane a3 ule
ae gee veh ol
co ye caiyle je 5)

ped sd? wodle aos

KOS
vl & y= a yt5 oe
ely G2 hne Uy get, os
L593 Sy Sree yld ole
PJ5) casyS po yyy a1 9S
SN a ae

Ro oby ty Dyan yl.

col dels pale 9S
ery pyame Syye gle
cso Sly Seb des)
sy gh 9 59'S PLS
a ee
Ie 5 pre VES AS ye

374 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

Sle S Cory gts cats ys SylS Se da
Vy kS saw Sh) sy xt | Ning? ee ee gawd
DSyeyi Red Eygl arya 4%, Iplkee ple ade é+a8
gs HA ett yb She dans se oe GS) Das Aisle Nor gi ped oly
sal Aabyg Sab yoS ee sp gre eryyo Ged gS
we ge ew 3 SNy ssi yS
Vyemdd Sle cylm ahs 4%, HIS MISS tly enaey

Vy de. ens le Os) et ys

gaikes Shwo Aug! lbs ae o! SS ybadi dye, SIN gen

je AS, pe eee

ss 9 J» CS x Ws xe Qe cas Sve & Wy sy
<“sy~ cy KS dav) (5 phe * sre ola Pp ondylo ol ‘°
oS yrans BSI SARE 9 Spat pre o ee bigoees S Vy \k5 dao
58 cs! yao Lt y 9) yg ewe Rese cs) l= Pas Oo Glas Si
ea ae We see st eplcs
3yKpe hy ddalS pe nee o oe O25 ahedaas yi
dl aE Les Bt 5 pad dor glyh 4%, yyy | ce phe) ys) cere
lye cd lave Sox so dS ) pos okt gis

cso 8 gyabrle oly depot SI corsa yBrpeS debe Gy
1887 ol oe ery 27 33 sh cawe]| pnd) es) gst!
Wy g2Sa9 teS Corgmaetyd GrHlS qanedes Gos los “ne 5)

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 375
tS CAT kes BL et eats St Qs \ie er Ls) pol avo]
Peb gettin csyle pail sh ds) Ties eral Eee
HE Barty oI Gyed pS WISs exndy glyeds Pye yy
Peb se Gamre aged SI det asydo al che lensts eile)
Lgass S55S5 calyd gb ye Sob SlS end gbygdd PywrS yal

wll yt gods is ic
Er ead tl Ergo lyre dary! ays Iho os prNdai
easy) LIS errr Say lm yrlerre dey csly Sle dyyge
deg Sed SNS gered PU Gril) Gd IS get po dedn “Lrne
ayle dhs ree omdyles dole oh del nds Slaw d $9

els) sGydtels

INSTITUT CANADIEN-FRANCAIS DE LA
CLEP DOLDTAWA.

The following communication from the President of the
‘“‘ Institut Canadien-frangais ” is published for the information
of members, who are requested to communicate with the
Honorary Secretary in the event of their wishing to become
members of the “Institut.’’

Ortawa, (Canada), Mai 1887.
Monsieur et cher collégue,

Lorsque, l’année derniére, nous sollicitions l’honneur d’entrer en corres-
pondance avec la Société dont vous étes le digne représentant, sollicitation
a laquelle yous avez répondu d’une mani€re si délicate, j’étais loin de penser
_ que j’aurais aujourd’hui la douleur de vous annoncer que notre bel édifice
national a été complétement détruit par le feu.

376 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

De ce monument qui a cotté tant de sacrifices a nos compatriotes, et que
nous considérions a bon droit comme un des boulevards de notre national
dans la province d’Ontario, ot l’élément anglais
ne reste plus qu’un monceau de ruines.

ité
prédomine largement, il

L’avancement moral et intellectuel de notre population, je dirai plus, la
conservation de notre belle langue frangaise et de toutes ces traditions que
nous ont léguées nos ancétres, exige que nous réparions sans retard ce désastre.

La perte que nous venons de subir s’éléve a 89.000 frances, et il nous est
impossible de trouver cette somme sans le secours de l’étranger, cela me
décide 4 m’addresser a vous et aux membres de votre société, qui, jen

suis
stir, ne refuseront pas de nous venir en aide dans cette épreuve

.

Notre situation ne nous permet pas de refuser l’obole de la charité: nous
ACN D = a A c The
préférerions cependant que le secours nous fit offert sous la forme d’adhésions
de membres de notre Institut, et ce serait une grande faveur de votre part de

nous en procurer autant que possible.

Sur votre recommendation, ou sur celle de votre société, et aprés reception

des honoraires, nous serious heureux de décerner :
ie}

1. Moyennant une somme (une fois payée) de 50 francs, un dipléme de
membre honoraire, lithographié et au sceau de 1’Institut.

2°. Moyennant 12.50 francs par an une carte de membre titulaire.
Espérant que vous voudrez bien nous venir en aide de cette maniére,

Jai Vhonneur d’étre,
Monsieur le président,

Votre dévoué collegue,

F. R. E. CAMPEAU,
Président de VInstitut Canadien-francais.

Ete
MY 745 5-

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