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Biel! qatt } iter i eet “ a5 Nab oR ee ER AD 4 f { rie WED Heke abet ae 3 416 ed 8 HOR ie A Oca * Hid ye rv k di * Car are wri at a Pune wt pe hae as Ei nm oe Bs hat ete: aj Cae Sa i fatty: * 4 ‘a! vi Mya de oa B bell We Natl ee a wy , “ ite ye eas wee } ih tf i) ou i ¥ 4 A edit ope ’ , He 4s Hi ondal Way fait et (ia ha se Ok js i Nb , ina a ihe ‘ ah A dada 1 Wi Se vt Witty rit bets ae +s 4 ae ved fe ‘ ‘ i : Ass , beh st) re At $ ‘f ALY at ho od a ‘ i i z iF 4,4 f a i AW 4 Mia de CMA HS Chee aime i a4 \ We Noth ri ay te Noh Riles is ete we eh a aa ted PENG } yy mt , Py ASW its hae be wag HP dd Ga est d t Ay Sed ‘A : shed Lt ny , did aban Ma Oats ted 1 Aa i 4) PCE OC Umn ALAC Mee an Set : j ie Ah oaths Ro PA aes f Ra Se Wie ait, beeihy { ‘Teas lee We, fe ais Be Wey Dae if ‘ ‘ ty emit de es) bint (BF Rl. og : ‘ i : \ Misha AB! Ge ta rf wen ay we fi alba tte, rh Waa Ad hati . . 1 [ Te het at FN it We i ; CO RC Ati ERA Ra ay na iW) a ny Ay pag ’ ‘ ‘ / sad + WRG Bt de ea x " oe a’ nt dy ie i WR ow Ge Fa a 4 ott i i ‘ WAR Awa a a vis ret fhe AytP ns ay SEG ae be i i Le ‘ p sik, 4 t 1 aA Getto Pea eu ‘ i i aes ti : If a puree i Lek 44 PW AL a “ i ¢ i H PH AEE Mea ets Fe 9 st! ‘ 4s AS AL aL a i ‘ff ( i ited! HME HP Tt ot eae 4) 4 LIA ah ny) . ; ; a ' ” Hk dep 4 cn * bond a 4 f Westend eal #: wie tee 7 Ms ri teed ah, ASE Mey jf wi , , ; ( vet Veh tae Vath ei Me Ne Le : ibd edd f i Ab adrdin aN pve 4 ne oy Combai “th i a es Sag iN, Yo ta . rye * Gch ie us a is bl dean waded a 7 fort Hand Stet Hawa hep Hinds gi ' Mo ib Wink de i ht eed weed euvatcaw ea: Ci ‘ idaan oe ee | He ee SY ape r¢ sity ‘ % de Od ange, vt Cada Pade AR A HOSS bed YAN WACHBAE @Ue. be oe Pets “ i a Ss i Heth od gee tw #4 \ aa ‘ ‘ " eur ys 3 Tare ots Ts a, 3) ed eaby 4 ab Waals % bey 9 r ” 4 ve \ Lange ‘ Aluen ary i. Wleeny Ati Rute y “i % aad \ dads ij Pater ian oi fa nh eT edie: Coie ek et in a A tate Teeth Wa yt Walk hah Hath eo BOE ah AMA Ae A Fall ie iy i b bal ve (: rei ea ‘ e “ a y ig ; DON ee ireeW PLT wi ous SiG ‘J PME eM Oe barely ae na ‘ Oe Uae BAe Mh bed ah AD Mithids @ 4 Para INTE é * EA MM eed th: thot id 44+) iW sa: iN ded Umea Cae Rae ea Pe ae ae ae 1 PO fabs A WP aaa { OCR M RW AE RAL ay AMR Pene Rhee ee eee eee i em i eet ir) Pie 2 ene > weg # OCT25 1926 w) | | Lt 4 S89 at ee = Agents of the Sacisty . PRIN THE METHODIST PULBISHING HOUSE, SING. gers We ; ae Ef Cred i ’ 2 ie PORE- x No.°46.| JOURNAL Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society DECEMBER 1906. SINGAPORE: PRINTED AT tHE Mrruopist PuBLISHING HoUSsE 1906, Table of Contents. —«-— A few notes on the “ Anyam Gila” Basket Wane at Tanjong Kling, Malacca, by-M7s. Bland . “The Election and Installation of Tungku Muhammad, C. M.G., Bin Tungku Antah, as the Yang di per Tuan Besar, Negri Sembilan, by #. W. Birch An account of the Creation of the Dog, by W. G. Maxwell Kun and Payah Kun, by W. G. Maxwell The Story of Kherudin, by G. M. Laidlaw Pa Senik and his Son-in-law Awang, by G. M. Laidlaw The Baboon Pak Si Bagok and the Girl, by G. M. Lardlaw A Pelandok Tale, by G. M. Laidlaw ° A Fourth Contribution to the Knowledge of the eg optera of Sarawak, by P. Came ‘on Dyak Ceremonies in Pregnancy and Childbirth, by Rev. William Howell The Menagerie at the Botanic Gardens, by H. N. Ridley An Index in Romanised Hokkien and Cantonese to “The Chinese Names of Streets and Places in Singapore,’ . published by Mr. W. H. Firmstone in Journal No. 42. Compiled by My. Tan Kee Soon, and Revised by Messrs. A. W. Bailey and F. M. Baddeley Grasses and Sedges of Borneo, by H. N. Radley Scitamineae of Borneo, by H. N. Ridley : Begonias of Borneo, by H. N. Ridley Short Notes and Errata 195 215 229 247 263 | A few notes on the “Anyam Gila”’ Basket Making at Tanjong Kling, Malacca. By Mrs. BLAND Once upon a time there was a goblin named Sang “Kelembai. He lived long ago and it was in his time that men-folk began to appear in the world. When he saw how they caught the beasts both wild and tame, and made them do all sorts of work, and how they even made the wind drive their ~ boats on the sea, he began to get alarmed lest he, too, should be caught. So one day he went down to the sea-shore and assembled all manner of beasts—the jungle people, and spoke to them “ O, all living things, come away with me over the sea to the sky’s edge. This is no place for us. See how mankind is catching all the beasts and making them work.” But, said the Beasts,’ Why should we go so far? What will we do over there?” Said the Buffalo: “if the men catch me, I will kill them with my horns.” Said the Horse: “ if the men catch me, I will slay them with my heels and teeth.” So spoke all the Beasts, each boasting of his own weapons, for indeed they had no wish to goso far as the sky’s edge. These replies troubled the mind of Sang Kelembai so he took all his possessions, his fishing nets and his rombong baskets, and having burnt them to ashes, he departed alone to the sky’s edge. Soon after the human folk came down to the sea beach and there they found the ashes and the remains of the nets and rombongs. ‘They carefully examined the meshes of the nets and the weaving of the basket work and tried to — copy them. One of the women went home to her daughters and said “ Let us get some pandan leaves, and split them _and then dry them.” They did this and in the night came the rain and soaked the leaves, and next day thesun shone and Jour. Straits Branch, R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 2 BASKET MAKING AT MALACUA. bleached them. ‘Then they tried to weave them like the goblin’s baskets, but their efforts were in vain. Day after es they tried but could not succeed. At last a fairy in the guise of a woman came by. She saw the women sitting distracted — in a house and said to them. “Oh ye who sit within the house distracted,” “ Striving to learn the craft of Sang Kelembai,”’ “Come ye while I the daughter of the fairies,’ “Teach you to weave the web of the distracted.” ‘So the Fairy taught them to find the long mengkuang leaves, to split them, to dry them, to supple them, to bleach them.” Everything she taught them, and when the baskets were finished with their ornaments, she said “Now you understand the Distracted Weaving, and why it is called so. You work at it till your eyes ite ae dim and your brain reels, till the back aches, and the hands grow weary, but still it does not come right.” This ancient industry exists to the present day amongst the Malay women at Tanjong Kling in Malacca. The baskets are woven of mengkuang, which grows there in great quantities. — This mengkuang is a screw-pine or Pandanus (Pandan fascicularts) and there are many other species also used by the Malays for weaving mats and coarse baskets and known ~ ar by them as Pandan, but the particular screw-pine used at Tanjong Kling is called mengkuang. It is very supple and therefore suited to the special weaving done at Tanjong Kling. The latter is of a very distinctive and uncommon character and is called the “ Anyam Gila,” or mad weaving. It is very intricate to learn and quite calculated to drive a beginner mad. — The mengkuang requires a good deal of preparation before — = it is fit for use, and the old women are generally employed in this work. They cut the long prickly leaves down with a native knife, or parang, (plate 4. fig A) and carry it home: in large bundles on their heads. Then they dry or “ layor” it slightly over a fire of sticks, and cut off the thorns which grow down the spine of the leaf. This divides the leaf intotwo wide strips and for this purpose they use a smaller knife Jour, Straits Branch =~ ma ~~ se Gs . BASKET MAKING AT MALACCA, | 3 - (pisau) than the parang (Pl. 4. figB). Next they “jangka’”’ — or divide, the half leaves into strips by means of a rude imple- cr -mentcalled a “jangka” (PI. 4. fig C). The “jangka’”’is a flat ae piece of wood with brass spikes fixed into one end at regular intervals, the intervals being decided by the width of strand required (the widths vary from one inch to one eighth of an inch). In this process the thorny edges of the leaves are disposed of, and many are the scratches and wounds inflicted on the workers. The thorns of the mengkuarg point up- _ wards on the edges of the leaves and downwards on the spine so one can easily imagine they are difficult to avoid in hand- : ling the leaves. Now the green strands are ready as far as ‘size goes, but they leave yet to be made supple and smooth or ~““Turut.”’ The implement for this process is the “ Pulurut”’ or a piece of hollowed bamboo, | which is pulled over the leaf. 35 4, fig. D). The leaves are now folded into compact bundles and soaked in a bowl of cold water (pasoh rendam) for three ee nights, changing the water twice a day. After this they are laid in the sun and bleached for a day, and woe betide the -mengkuang if it gets a drenching by mistake: It would : which is desired. The mengkuang is now ready for use. The construction of the baskets or ““rombongs”’ is complicated, from a star of six strands called by the Malays © ‘Pusat Belanak ”’ or the navel of the “‘ Belanak”’ fish, a species of mullet. This_ _ produces twelve strands, for the weaving is done with both ends of every strand used. It is this that makes the describing __ of the work so very difficult. The whole basket is built up by the continual interweaving and crossing of the inner and outer : strands, and there is no foundation of warps round which to Weave, as In English baskets. It is built up continuously round and round by weaving as in knitting a stocking. The © last _ strand in a round is called by the Malay the “mati.” The basket is begun in the centre by a star of six strands. To this is next added six more strands, then round these are woven in ee more, then twelye more and soon till the size required and much more tedious than many people imagine. It starts 4 BASKET MAKING AT MALACCA. is achieved (plate 1). A six-sided shape is thus produced. The added strands are woven in always two at each corner, buku’”’ or “‘susoh”’ as Malays term it, and the full “ mata gila’’ or — mad stitch is achieved after the second round. The strands : that go. from left to right from the weaving strand or © daun — anyam.” The weaving strands over and under which the ~ other strands are pulled and folded are also used for deter- mining the size of the basket. How many : matas ” or stitches ? the Malays will say when you order a basket. The “daun — selang”’ or crossing strand, and the “daun betul” or warp strand are the only other names possible to mark the distine- tive action in the ‘“Anyam Gila.” When the size is deter- mined on and woven, a piece of split rattan is inserted and the sides of the basket next made, and in the weaving the rat- tan is completely hidden. The strands of the mengkuang are glossy on one side only, so the Malays by carefully turning their work, arrange that the basket should be glossy both inside and out. The sides are woven round without any adding and it is a relief to the weary worker when this stage is achiey- ed. The Malays, of course, work sitting on the floor (plate 9) and complain of the fatigue they endure—pains i in the back and nape of the neck. I can testify to _all this inconvenience for when learning I tried every position to obtain ease but in vain. The height achieved, another rattan is inserted. This yattan is covered with a strip of mengkuang, which process is called “ bubor”’ or “ Susop”’ mengkuang. In plate 2, a basket ready for this second rattan is shown by the side of the worker. It resembles a cutlet frill at this stage. Then the strands are all worked back again, the glossy sides being now towards the worker. This is a tedious process and éalled by the Malays to ‘“sesep’”’ or insert. They use an implement of wood and brass — called the “ penysep”’ or inserter which resembles very much the prickers used by the American Indians in their basketry (pl. 4 fig E). It is often strengthened and ornamented by Huropean treasures, such as a brass thimble and an empty cartridge | case and in the very coarse work I have seen used a clumsy © penysep”’ made entirely of wood. The strands are slipped over their respective duplicates till the Jour. Straits Branch BASKET MAKING AT MALACCA, 5 bottom centre of the basket is reached when they cross each other for strength and are cut off invisibly. On the way the pretty designs are made by twisting the strands between thumb and forefinger. This produces a raised ornamental twist. which is very attractive. The ornamentation is done by twisting the strands, and starts from asingle stitches called““Bras Goring,’ or rice grains, and a star of six such stitches called “Bunga Tanjong” flower of Mimusops lengi and a hexagon built round the “ Bunga Tanjong ”’ called the “ Bunga Kuntum,” ‘or flower bud. These simple patterns are worked into large and small triangles and diamonds called “ puchok rebong’”’ or bamboo shoots, or “ potong baji” or wedges. Combinations of triangles are called “ puchok rebong berantai’’ or festoons of bamboo shoots, and “bunga tiga bersegi berantai” or festoons of 3 sided ornaments. The edging round all the baskets is called “ bunga pending,” or belt (Pl. 5). The lids are made in a similar manner of the same number of strands as the bottoms only woven slightly more loosely. The women make and sell their baskets in nests or “susun’’ of five baskets, each basket fitting into another very nearly (Pl. 3). There should only be the difference of two strands between each size. The baskets are made in various shapes and forms—square, long, oval, triangular, and diamond-shaped (Pl. 3 and 5). All are built up in the same way, starting with a six sided basket but with added strands to bring to any other required shape. This is an art by itself and many who can make hexagonal baskets cannot make other shapes, therefore the hexagonal are the cheapest; 50 cents extra being asked for the fancy shapes. ‘The long and the square are the most difficult. They also make a basket of tiers, one on top of another, the lid of the. lower basket making also the bottom of the next, and so on. This they calla “tengkat” and it is now almost a lost art. _ Another fancy shape is the “ tudong gelok”’ (a pointed-shaped cover). They also make very coarse, large ornamented baskets which are much bought by Europeans for carrying clothes (plate 3). The women who make these live at Tanjong Kling, but all in a separate quarter of the kampong from the finer workers. It takes them a month to make a nest of very: R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906 6 BASKET MAKING AT Se ‘ ordinary weaving, while a fine nest takes from three re four months to complete and this means daily steady work. For the ordinary hexagonal nests they earn from $2.50 to $3.00. — and for a fine one from $4.00 to $5.00. When this is ecaleu- ; lated out it cannot be said that the industry is overpaid, yet there are many who think thatitis, and that, in spite of the increased cost of living. There are now about forty or fifty experienced basket workers living at Tanjong Kling ~ besides many beginners. Formerly only ten women made baskets. The demand has greatly increased, for people have begun to order the baskets in great quantities for home bazaars, where they are much appreciated. The industry in a way is suffering as the women are making more carelessly and rapidly to meet the demand. Five old women come into the town every second day in order to sell the work of the village, ae they are old and more or less blind and now unable to weaye themselves. They walk fourteen miles to sell the work of their younger sisters. The chief distinctive feature in the © Tanjong Kling weaving is that they use no dyes and also ornament their “mata gila”’ with raised designs (P13). Province Wellesley the same weaving exists, but in a se degree, and there few ornamental designs are made and no ~ rattans are inserted. I believe along the Malacca Coast the “Anyam Gila’? may be found at Tanjong Bidara and also ~ Kuala Linggi. I have also seen baskets and tobacco-pouches of this weaving obtained from Sumatra, Kelantan, Perak, Kedda, and Siamese territory in the Malay Peninsula. Some of the specimens were extremely fine, finer than any Malacca work now obtainable—and ornamented with dyed strands, sequins, and gold filagree work. I have confined myself in this paper solely to this one style of weaving. the mad stitch, but hope later to send further — notes on other and more simple forms of basket weaving practised in Malacca. It is very curious that the ornamented ‘“ Anyam Gila” should be confined to Tanjong Kling only in Malacea, and any light that can be thrown on its origin | and history would be very interesting. ‘The female prisoners in the Singapore Gaol are made to learn ‘‘ Anyam Gila” and a better Jour, Straits Branch — BASKET MAKING AT MALACCA. 7 oe ae punishment could Se be devised. It has recuced many to tears. It was started under the auspices of the late Mr. O'Sullivan who happened to have amongst his prisoners a Province Wellesley basket-maker. With the help of Mrs. Hansen, the Matron, the industry has been firmly established there, and it is owing to her assistance also that I have been - enabled to master the details of the industry and to make a basket myself. Native teachers are hopelessly poor and Mrs. Hansen deserves great credit for the way in which she has excelled in this difficult art. She has evolved a very pretty fan _ at Mr. Bland’s suggestion in the “ Anyam Gila” which is sold for the ridiculous sum of 75 cents at the gaol (Pl. 3). She has - introduced many new designs for ornamenting the fans but - the small and constantly changing number of prisoners renders : eRe supply very limited and uncertain. e- --——-—sS EXPLANATION oF PLATES. _ Plate 1. Specimens illustrating the commencement of the _ ~ “Anyam Gila” plait. (See text.) Plate 9. Malay basket maker. Plate 3. Specimens of Malacca baskets. In left hand lower : corner is showna Susun,”’’ or set of 5 baskets; next to this is a basket made in Sarawak with coloured strands in it; next on the right is a “tengkat,” or a basket in tiers; next to this is a fancy-shaped basket ealled “‘tudong gélok ;” and on the extreme right is a large coarsely woven basket used by Europeans for holding clothes. In the top left hand corner is shown | part of a fan made by the prisoners in Singapore — Ss Gaol. - Next to this is a representation in “ Anyam ~~ Gila” of a pineapple. The other baskets depicted show the various shapes that are made. : Plate 4. The instruments used by basket makers a. parang, b. — ——s pisan, c. gangka, d. pulurut, e. penysep. (atob. xF c toex ae Diagrams illustrating development of shapes from ve a basket, and ornamentation, IeNsueLLy aay, Sa we me 2 / \ 7 NWateatyeb 7 Me ‘joing suolary, LW) AO Tanjuny veang VW ‘Op eeung 10 puofaey, vsung Y -2uu08 sag,<—> “<> <> BONIITIS B[SUIS wy — = eee AD. — wwe ~~ = a se veg mekny YIOM YOYSBG BIoVpepl "TLOT}eIUOT MCAD PPUIPIUMO Pwane LV. JOURNAL 46. = kK a O fe) op) <] kK es (ep) < a << > O ac BRANCH, STRAITS : ; ¥ i 5 ie ‘ i huts ; G 2 ~ c ete ‘ = . re ig { - u >. v ; 2 Se Ri ee " “a. ee =" * f “ : ve a i ‘ ‘ e NM : Mi za) ’ ; é " ie f : 1 Ji ‘ 3 7 vy, eg | ; y A : ne he ‘ - " - ws - ; b= a f f ; eae . ! - ar = ' ¥ ‘| - . * . ; = . . ‘ ¢ ~ a »" - . = jl ‘ 3 ‘ 2 t 7 . i 1 x y h 7 $ ‘ * * 4 ‘| “ ‘ ; ¢ "1 ‘ STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. JOURNAL 46. SARA ae \ . JAD GRD WA Aw IAA 1 Od yea Thy S) WAL Shen ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. STRAITS BRANCH, Pinan WAL. JOURNAL 46. ‘SpaysDgG dpnjvyy The Election and Installation of Tungku Muhammad, C.M.G. Bin Tungku Antah, as the Yang Di Per _ Tuan Besar, Negri Sembilan By E. W. BircH IT have been induced to publish the story of how the ancient constitution of the Negri Sembilan was restored. It will be conceded that it is easier to overthrow than re-esta- blish the constitution of a country. The event I am about to describe being one of very deep importance to the Chief and people of the beautiful State that hes between Malacca and Selangor. A brief reference to the history of the Nine States and to the establishment of the dynasty, represented by Tungku Muhammad, is first necessary. No dates have been handed down to define the time at which the descent of a great number of Sakai from the hills peopled the countries of (1) Klang (now Selangor), (2) Naning (now a portion of Malacca), (3) Jelai (now a district of Pahang), (4) Segamat, and (5) Pasir Besar (now included in the State and ‘Territory of Johor), (6) Johol, (7) Sungei Ujong, (8) Rembau, and (9) Jelebu. - Four Batin, or Sakai Chiefs, were the leaders of this colonisation: one, a woman, remained with her following in Johol: the other three, with their adherents, occupied Klang, Sungei Ujong and Jelebu. : These four Lawgivers (undang yang ampat) are repeatedly referred to hereafter, but it should here be stated that the state of Rembau has succeeded to the position formerly held by Klang. Jour, Straits Branch, R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906 * 10 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. As time rolled on other people were attracted to these countries and there was free immigration from Menangkabau. The new arrivals brought their tribal customs with them, and, as the terms “ Waris’? and “ Lembaga” will recur, it will be well to point out that there is only one Sakai, or Waris, tribe—viz., the “ Suku Beduanda.’’—while there are several Menangkabau tribes, the elected head of each being known as the Lembaga or manager of the tribal system. The Sakai and the people from Menangkabau maintained the most friendly relations, but it became evident that over the Nine States there must be some Suzerain to whom inter-state disputes could be submitted for adjudication: and, through the good offices of the Ruler of Johor, a deputation to Menang- kabau was arranged and a Prince of that royal family was induced to come over. In the year 1773, or thereabout, Raja Méléwar was installed by the four Lawgivers as Yang di per Tuan Besar, and he took the title, by which he and all his successors have | been known, of Yam Tuan Besar, Sri Menanti. That beautiful valley which it is impossible to traverse without halting repeatedly to feast one’s eyes on the scenery of hills, green or golden padi, and feathery bamboos had already been occupied — by Menangkabau settlers, and they had so named it because, on their arrival, they found padi in the ear, ripe, awaiting them. There the Astana was built and the site then selected has — become the ancestral home of the Raja. Meanwhile other districts had been opened by settlers. The gaps, caused by the defection or alienation of five of the original Nine States, were filled by Ulu Muar, Terachi, Jempol, Gunong Pasir, and Inas. Subsequently Tampin and Gemencheh, settlements from Rembau and Johol, were added. Gradually the constitution was built up and strengthened, but, about thirty years ago, dissensions, inevitable in all histories, arose, and Rembau, Jelebu and Synge Ujong were estranged. Then the healing interference of Great Britain commenced : by degrees Sungei Ujong (April, 1874), Rembau (March, 1884), Jour. Straits Branch iCONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. 11 Jelebu (September, 1886), and Sri Menanti (June, 1887), were brought under British Protection, Finally, by the agreement of August, 1895, the Confederation of all the States, with one British Resident as - Adviser to the Chiefs, was arranged. Such. was the condition of affairs when I assumed my duties as British Resident early 1 in 1897. Apparently . every- thing was in order, but enquiry proved that in matters relating to the eoneninniion and Malay customs the greatest disorder prevailed. The Yam Tuan of Sri Menanti had not been installed: he had merely been declared to be Yam Tuan by British authority in June, 1887: there had been no formal creation of a Yam Tuan since the installation of Tungku Antah his father, and even then the Rembau and Jelebu Chiefs had not attended: of the four Lawgivers, Johol alone admitted allegiance to the Yam Tuan: the other three declared that they were absolutely independent and that their independence had been recognised by the worens of the agreement of August, 1895. The secret of success with Malays consists, to a great extent, in the recognition of the fact that the mainspring of their life, political and social, is built upon the word “‘adat.” Their customs are their inheritance : they regard them as their birthright and they- are an absolutely conservative people. I hope that it is not unfair to say that some English adminstrators, who have been very popular with Malays, have fallen into the error of pandering to the Malay veneration for custom. They have put off reforms forgetting as it were that many Malays possess that true conservatism which while tenacious of the constitution, is ready to accept useful measures of reform. My experience had taught me that the Malay isa very reasonable person, and the Malays of Malacca and of the Negri Sembilan at all events have ina comparatively short space of time consented to the demolition of their ancient but obsolete land customs. It was not without a considerable - show of opposition that their consent to that demolition was R, A. Soc, No. 46, 1906 12 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. ; obtained but knowing that they will generally yield to the arguments of them whom they trust I was hopeful that though at the sacrifice of their self-importance, they would agree to re-establish their ancient constitution. The opportunity arose in this wise:—When the Hari Raya, or festival which succeeds the month of fasting, was approaching, the Yam Tuan invited the four Lawgivers to Sri Menanti to witness the ceremony of obeisance which is annually performed by the subjects of a Malay Raja. They (Johol excepted) declined the invitation and made all manner of excuses, their only reasonable plea being that it was customary to receive the homage of their own subjects on the Hari Raya. The Yam Tuan then arranged to invite them immediately after the festival of the Hari Raya Haji, and I asked them to attend. They urged that there was no reason why they should - go, and expressed fears that their attendance might be construed to be a waiver of the freedom from interference which they then enjoyed in the internal affairs of their respective States. I invited them to a meeting at the Residency and . explained that they were placing a strained construction upon the words of the agreement, that the British Government had never intended that they were to repudiate the Raja who was the representative of the dynasty their own ancestors had set up, that they were trying to override ancient custom by arguing on customs of thirty years’ growth and that the machinery of the Negri Sembilan Government could not work until its component parts were replaced in their constituted places. They replied that ancient custom required that they should instal the Yam Tuan, that Tungku Muhammad had not been invested with the powers and position of Yang di per Tuan Besar by them, and that they would be stultifying themselves if they went to Sri Menanti. After a hasty meeting with the Yam Tuan, who at once agreed to be formally proclaimed, I suggested to the three Jour, Straits Branch CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. 13 malcontent Lawgivers that they should draft an agreement in Malay setting forth their allegiance but providing for free- dom from interference in internal affairs and for permission to celebrate the Hari Raya in their own States. That agreement, when drafted, was submitted to and approved of by the Yam Tuan. Translated it reads as follows :— AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE YANG Di Per Tuan Besar, Sri MENANTI, AND THE FOUR LAWGIVERS. Now in all truth We, the Yang di-per Tuan Muhammad, C. M. G., the son of the late Yang di per Tuan, Antah, have made an Agreement with the Four Lawgivers. I. The Dato’ Klana Petra and the Dato’ Bandar of Sungei Ujong. II. The Dato’ Mendika Mentri Akhir Zaman Sutan of Jelebu: i Ill. The Dato’ Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan of Johol: IV. The Dato’ Sedia Raja of Rembau. 1. Whereas We and the Four Lawgivers and the British Resident have bound together the constitution and customs of the country andthe heritage of Our ancestors of old time, as is related hereunder. 2. Now the Four Lawgivers return to elect Us to. be Raja of the Negri Sembilan in accordance with our ancient constitution. 8. Now that We have been installed as Raja of the Negri Sembilan, We, according to the old constitution, cannot interfere in the customs of the country or in Muhammadan Law : and every matter that arises in each State is to be settled in consultation with the British Resident of the Negri Sembilan and is not to be subject to Our commands. 4. If any difference of opinion arises between one Law- giver and another as to the boundaries of their States, and if B. A. Soc., No. 146, 1906. 14 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. either Lawgiver appeals to Us by presenting himself before Us, then We are bound to interfere and to settle the matter. with justice, but if the officers of the Four Lawgivers or their — subjects come to present themselves before Us to make com- plaint or petition Us in writing, We shall not in future enter- tain their complaints. 5. When the festivals of Hari Rayaand Hari ae Haji are celebrated according to ancient custom, the Four Lawgivers will not come to present themselves before Us at Our Astana, at Sri Menanti, but will each celebrate his own festivals, according to ancient custom, in his own State. Always provided that, on great occasions such as ceremonies of Marriage or Circumcision, if We invite the Four Laer they shall carry out Our wishes in their entirety. 2 6. In the event of the death of the Yang di per Tuan, the Four Lawgivers shall bring, as an offering, gold in such amount as is befitting, such offering being provided by the Government of the Negri Sembilan. 7.. Moreover the Four Lawgivers, in conjunction with each other and with their hereditary officers, shall elect one of the royal princes and instal him as Yang di per Tuan in the ~ same manner and in accordance with the customs and constitution under which the former Yang di per Tuan was installed. ~~ BE IT SO. Written on the 29th day of Atel 1898, that is on the Sth day of Zil-haijah, 1315. The date fixed for the ceremony was Saturday, the 7th of May, 1898. The procedure to be followed in summoning the four Lawgivers to Sri Menanti was adopted as closely as time permitted. We had to take it for granted that the Tungku Besar ae sent for the Dato’ Ulu Muar, Dato’ Terachi, Dato’ J empol and Dato’ Gunong Pasir, and had announced to them that a Yam Tuan was about to be placed upon the throne. Jour. Straits Branch ~ CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. 15/ We assumed the consent of the Dato’ Ulu Muar and despatched his four chief Lembaga to convey the news to the four Lawgivers and call upon them to attend at Sri Menanti. The To’ Paduka Besar (Lembaga, Ulu Muar) went to the Raja di Muda (Lembaga, Terachi) and with him proceeded to Pantai and Rasgah to wait upon the Dato’ Klana Petra and - Dato’ Bandar of Sungei Ujong, respectively. Those two Chiefs, with all their following, returned with the two heralds to Terachi, which, according to ancient customs, is there restingplace. The To’ Sri Maharaja (Lembaga, Ulu Muar) went to the To’ Andika (a retainer of Johol) at Cheriau and with him proceeded to wait upon the Dato’ Johol Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan. The aged Dato’, who much wished to attend and who had requisitioned the Districs Officer for a pony and trap in order to do so, was ill and therefore sent the Dato’ Baginda Tan Amas, who is his representative in the Council of State. He and his following, which included the Dato’ Inas and all his Lembaga, instead of returning with the -two heralds to Cheriau, their appointed resting place, came straight on to Kuala Pilah and proceeded the next day to Sri ~Menanti. . The To’ Senara Muda (Lembaga, Ulu Muar) went to the To’ Paduka Sri Maharaja (Lembaga, Gunong Pasir) and proceeded with him to the house of Sinda Maharaja (Lembaga, Rembau). After being informed of their business the Sinda Maharaja conducted them to the Dato’ Rembau Sedia Raja. He, with all his following, was escorted by the - two heralds to Gunong Pasir, which is set apart on State occasions as his resting place. The To’ Orang Kaya Bongsu (Lembaga, Ulu Muar) went to To’ Lela Raja (Lembaga, Jempol) and requested him to summon the Dato’ Jelebu according to ancient custom. Having given this message the Orang Kaya Bongsu proceeded to Sri Menanti and remained in attendance upon the Dato’ Ulu Muar. The To’ Lela Raja (Lembaga, J empol) instructed - $i Alang Puteh of Jempol to summon the Dato’ Jelebu. He R.A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 16 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. with all his following, should have returned with the herald to Kampong Bukit, his recognised resting place, but proceeded instead vid Seremban to Terachi, where he joined the procession of the Sungei Ujong Chiefs. To all other Raja, Waris Chiefs, Lembaga, Penghulu and Malays of good position throughout the States news of the - approaching ceremony was duly sent. ‘I arrived at the Astana with Mr. Chevallier, the District Officer, Kuala Pilah, at about 10.30 a.m. on Thursday, the 5th of May, and found everything in a state of preparedness that spoke volumes for the trouble taken by the Yam Tuan and his household and by Mr. Chevallier. Mr. Bathurst, Mr. Parr and Mr. Hatchell arrived on Thursday evening. I selected these four gentlemen to look after the four Lawgivers and their people, and to see that their comfort was attended to. A great measure of the success of the whole pageant is due to the assistance they gave me: and the Yam Tuan expe thanked them. I was told that the Dato’ Rembau and the Dato’ Johol had already taken up their quarters at Sri Menanti with large followings. We wrote letters to the other three Dato’, who were at Teradchi, advising them to stop the night there and come on next day. It was decided to procure more rice from Seremban, as all the Kuala Pilah shops had been emptied, and we sent for more drapery for the reception-halls of the four Lawgivers, and for four and twenty large Malacca mats to cover the bamboo flooring of those halls. It may be well to describe the Astana grounds, and the subjoined plans will assist the description : An examination of the first plan will show that the dis- tance from one entrance gate(E) to the other (EF) was about 300 yards. These entrances (pintu gerbang) were covered with thatch and on each side there was an earthen platform on which cannon were mounted. The road from one gate to the other was broad and was lined on both sides Jour. Straits Braneh - Neqmoy IDJ ra) suelueg veeq Guoly reang 10} Susp py Izyeg qouor 10j avysueqweg wlsq _ CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. les \ _ with bamboo poles with cross poles, say ten feet from the - ground : along the whole length of the road a broad strip of yellow cloth was hung overhead and the entrance paths to the Astana (H) and royal balai (1) were similarly decorated. At the balai the royal yellow standard was flying from an orthodox flagstaff and the general mixture of yellow with the bright green of the grass and foliage was pleasing to the eye. The second plan sufficiently explains itself. Friday, the 6th of May, was, unfortunately, appallingly wet; but the rain did not check the constant stream of people that flowed in from every part-of the Kuala Pilah district. _ About mid-day the Chiefs of Sungei Ujong and Jelebu arrived at Sri Menanti and took up their abode in the houses set apart for them. The processions of people attending upon the minor - Chiefs paraded the Astana grounds, during the brief intervals of sunshine, and helped to make the scene imposing. The party that came with the Dato’ Gunong Pasir was. strikingly picturesque: his procession was headed by some two hundred women who wore cloths of every conceivable colour, and ~ immediately behind them came his personal attendants carry- ing spears decorated with the peaeock feathers of Gunong Pasir. The Dato’ himself walked next, dressed in a suit of striped silk, the preponderating colour being yellow: behind him followed one hundred men, and two hundred children of all ages brought up the rear of the procession. At various places, outside the Astana grounds, the usual forms of amusement that are concomitant with every Malay gathering of importance were provided: I was specially struck with the many skilful exhibitions of boxing (silat), which never failed to draw large crowds and provoke much wmetri- ment. -~ On two afternoons football matches, Europeans and Malays against the Police, were played: on a third athletic sports were held and, though the afternoon was wet, were much enjoyed. — R, A. Soc. No. 46, 1906. 18 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. Most of the time on Friday was occupied on determin- aN ing several nice points of procedure to be adopted in the cere- mony of the morrow. The Sri Menanti people were, of course, in favour of introducing many forms which the older men, who had witnessed a previous installation, deemed to be essential. The members of the Yam Tuan’s family were anxious to use every form of expression which would proclaim — the dominance of his position, and, had it not been for the extreme good sense of His Highness, it would probably have — taken three or four days to arrange the procedure. I had many consultations with the Dato’ Bandar of Sungei Ujong, whose attitude throughout was firm but friendly, and I explained to the Yam Tuan that the Chiefs had made considerable concessions, that their patience ought not to be taxed in any way, and that the ceremony should be performed punctually and with as much expedition as possible. His Highness at once replied that his desire was to yield every point of minor importance. These discussions did not end till nearly midnight on Friday, but it was satisfactory to feel assured that every possible danger to the success of the very important event about to be celebrated had been removed. On Saturday morning, crowds of people began to collect ae ; from every quarter : with the exception of an early shower, the weather was propitious. The placing of the royal umbrellas in front of the “ balai penghadapan” (the royal hall in which the installation took place ) was the signal for an enormous concourse of people to collect at that spot. At a quarter to eleven, a guard of honour of the Sikh Police was drawn up near the reception halls of the four ~ Lawgivers: the first to arrive was the Dato’ Rembau: 1 re- ceived him at the entrance to the “balai panjang”’ and, after the guard had presented arms to him, we placed his followers in his reception hall and Mr. Parr conducted the Dato’ to the Astana to put his signature and chop to the agreement with the Yam Tuan. Almost immediately afterwards, the Dato’ : Klana and the Dato’ Bandar of Sungei Ujong arrived : the “guard presented arms to them at the entrance to. the “ balai. : aoe Straits | Branch CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. 19 melintang’”’ and after their followers had entered the balai, Mr. Bathurst conducted them to the Astana: meanwhile Dato’ Baginda Tan Amas of Johol, followed by all the Datos and minor Chiefs of the Negri Sembilan (old), had arrived: the guard presented arms to the Dato’ Baginda at the entrance to the “balai bertengkat”’ and, after his following had entered the balai Mr. Chevallier conducted him to the Astana: a long - wait occurred before the arrival of the Dato’ Jelebu: he was received by the guard at the entrance to the ~ balai belérong. -_ When his followers had entered it, Mr. Hatchell conducted him to the Astana. The affixing of the signature and ehops ofthe Lawgivers to seven copies of the agreement - being completed, I signed and placed the State seal upon them and they were then taken upstairs to the — Yam Tuan who added his signature and chop. The four Officers named above then conducted the Lawgivers to their reception halls where they awaited their summons to the - installation hall: in the meantime the Tungku Prempuan had -. taken her seat upon the dais to the left of the throne ( Singga- -_ sana) and several ladies of high degree had been accommodated — with seats in the places set apart for them: the yellow —_ eushion, gold boxes, and other insignia of royalty were brought in and placed on the dais: Tungku Muda Chik, Tungku Ngah of Tampin, Rajah Kadir of Lukut, my four officers and I next _ took our seats in the body of the hall, and_ everything being ready the heralds announced that the Yam Tuan was coming _ to the hall: His Highness was preceded by the © orang ampat Astana” and his “ orang anam”’ carring the weapons of State : - immediately behind him were the young Tungku Besar (his — - brother) and the still younger Tungku Laksamana (his __ brother-i in-law ), while a score or so of Rajas completed the _- procession. - On arrival at the hall, His Tein was received by a guard of honour : he entered the hall and took his seat upon the’ " Singgasana,” the “ orang ampat Astana ’’ and the © orang -anam”’ stood upon the right and left below the dais and the - Tungku Besar and Tungku Laksamana sat on the right and left of His Highness below the throne. The heralds sum- _ B.A, Soe., No. 46, 1906, 20 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. moned the Lawgivers and jhe hereditary Chiefs, who were each conducted from their respective balai to the entrance to the hall by their Officers of State: they entered the hall alone and took their seats in the following order :— (1) The Dato’ Klana ) Sungei (7) The Dato’ Ulu Muar (2) The Dato’ Bandar } Ujong (8) The Dato’ Terachi ~ (3) The Dato’ Jelebu (9) (4) Dato’ Baginda of Johol Bu oe The Dato’ Gunong Pasir 11) | | ) ©) The Dato’ Rembau The Dato’ Inas (6) The Tungku Besar of oe The Dato’ Gemencheh Tampin (13) The Dato’ Muda Linggi The two heralds ( Bentara Kanan - and Bentara Kiri) took up their positions on the right and left of the Yam Tuan. When all were in readiness the young Dato’ Klana, | rising, said, ‘Oh, Bentara, proclaim to everyone that we the four Lawgivers have assembled here to place the Yang di per Tuan Tungku Muhammad upon the throne of Negri Sembilan.’ The Bentara Kanan thereupon, standing on one leg, with the sole of his right foot resting on his left knee, holding his right ear open with his right hand and shading his eyes with his pe hand, made proclamation as follows :— “Oh, gentlemen all, illustrious and humble, great aad small, old and young, by order of the four Lawgivers, Tungku Muhammad, the son of the late Yam Tuan Tungku Antah, is proclaimed as Yang di per Tuan of the Negri Sembilan.” The people signified their homage by shouting three times, “Délat Tuanku.” I then addressed the Yam Tuan as follows :— ‘“T am very pleased that the Lawgivers and Lembaga and Officers and all the people from all parts of the Negri Sem- bilan have unanimously installed Your Highness as Yang di per Tuan and have re-established their ancient constitution, and that Your Highness has assented to their action. Now I will convey their wishes to the Resident-General.”’ The Bentara Kanan proceeded to call, by means of the following formula, upon each of the Lawgivers and on the, Jour, Straits Branch The Dato’ Jempol — “3 OE, by oa eats roe Poe. ‘ ey ree we: . CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. 21 Hereditary Chiefs of Tampin, Muar, Terachi Jempol, and _ Gunong Pasir, to make obeisance :— _ “He Dato’ Klana Petra, who rules over the territory of a Ujong, titah memanggil (His Highness summons . VOU): Hae - Kach Chief in turn replied, “ Délat Tuanku:” and one by one they emerged from the enclosure (ujong balai) in which they were seated, and squatting on the ground each proceeded along the floor (hadapan mejelis) making obeisance seven times until the dais was reached: there the Yam Tuan gave his right hand to the Chief, who, receiving it in both of his, reverently kissed it thrice and then retired, making obeisance five times as he receded. Each Chief rose and resumed his seat, with the exception of the Dato’ Jelebu, who left the hall after he had done homage. The Dato’ Inas, the Dato’ Gemencheh and the Dato’ Muda Linggi made their obeisance together and all the chief s Lembaga and Waris of the various districts entered and did likewise. — o The Lawgivers then left the hall and retired to their re- ception halls and their places were taken by all those who were of Raja blood: they numbered about twenty five: they were almost all dressed in yellow, several with black head- cloths, and, as they all moved up the hall, and, sitting below the dais, made obeisance three times in regular time, I was more impressed by the scene than by anything I have ever previously witnessed at any gathering of Malays. The Rajas were not commanded to come forward: it was an _ entirely voluntary act, but every one of them joined in it and it was a fine finishing touch to an imposing pageant. Tungku Dris, Kathi of Tampin, the assistant Kathi of Kuala Pilah and some priests came in and offered up prayers for the Yam Tuan while the people stood with palms uplifted. All being now over, the Yam Tuan rose and, after shak- ing hands with me, passed out of the hall and proceeded to the Astana, followed by all the Rayjas. ‘R. A. Soe. No. 46, 1906. 22 CONSTITUTION OF THE NEGRI SEMBILAN. The ceremony, which fad lasted two and a half hours, ended at 3. p.m. and the crowd quickly melted away. = = | On Sunday, at noon, he gave a breakfast to the Unddee ee and made an interesting speech in which he pointed out that «the constitution of the Negri Sembilan was now complete ; 48 there were now— Seer THE YANG DI PER TUAN: THR FOUR UNDANG (rom Sungei Uione, Jelebu, _ Johol, and Rembau) ; and— : THE FOUR SERAMBI UNDANG ice Ulu Muar, ne - Jempol: TerAachi and unong Pasir who, in ines a absence of the Undang, would represent them and would always do so by attending to make _ obeisance annually at the festival of Hari Raya). On Sunday afternoon the various Chiefs left Sri Menanti to return to their homes, and early on AUGECEYy I went back-to: =4— Seremban. i. bed oe i Z > i Wat 6 i 4 ’ i ‘ anne " : als fi Epo See Re raat . * bs c : Se ee a peck J a ey he & ¥ i hae ta mm * Pe Si 55 ee Rt HS SS i : yon se ee Bvm cy ey F Be SS Lips werae Peek eee hg Pi ity cht Ghat wid gee oe ve - aa ee 9 a ae. a 4 as —* as fev oe The above is a brief description of a ceremony that restored good feeling to a number of Chiefs who, for a generation, had been absurdly jealous of each other. Every person taking part ~~ in the ceremony recognised its importance and the calm and dignified reserve so characteristic of the well: born Malay was ae strikingly exemplified. The concourse of people must have sanibered foe three Sf to four thousand persons, and good humour reigned everywhere. \ io RG SE a ft , toeeote: re . ime gee eet tee ah ert tae ae Se PRR ere mae ere AN Rey Cees Race coer eee f bs, & aod ce Hy he Jour. Straits Branch rig’ ’ ; v; . hee Ey ile i poe os Eee ate Pi An Account of the Creation of the Dog. By W. G. MAXWELL. I heard this story from Pa’ Senik, an old Kelantan Malay now resident near Batu Gajah in Perak. He was giving an account of the creation of the first man according to the Muhammadan tradition, which may be found in Sale’s Notes to his translation of the Koran and in D’Herbelot’s article ~ Adam ”’ in his Bibliotheque Orientale; and the account of the creation of the dog was a mere parenthesis in his story— It is new to me, and appears to be a Malay accretion to the - Arabic myth. ~ When Azrael had torn out the heart of the Earth and had fashioned it into the form of man, he left the moulded figure, which was still without life, on Bukit Zabaniah. It lay there face upwards exposed to all the elements. Iblis passed that way and saw it, and, from malice, voided his excrement on its chest. When Azrael returned he flung the excrement away, and it immediately took the form of a dog. The creation of the dog in this manner has had effect in two ways. In the first place, the dog, though an unclean animal may be bought and sold by Muhammadans, whereas the purchase money of all other unclean animals carries the taint of the unclean. In the second place, the Dog, however badly treated and however often thrashed, will always return to man.. R! A, Soc. No. 46 1906. Co ae Tras a PR : Nn! Le 7 1 aay | en Me fee UGE AS yet, so far as I am aware, discovered their meaning. Kun and Payah Kun. By W. G. MAXWELL. Eyery student of pawang-lore is familiar with the terms ‘kun and payah kun, which most frequently occur in’ such expressions as ema bate Allah, payah kun kata Muhammad ”’ (kun saith Allah, payah kun saith Muhammad), but no one has 2 Kun presented no difficulty ; itis obviously the Arabic S “let it be.” But the antithetical term payah kun remained without a solution. My father suggested that it was a corrup- tion of the Malay word sli supata—meaning in order that,’ and in this he is followed by Skeat,* but the sense thus derived from the sentence does not appear to be altogether satisfactory. Another suggestion was that the word was the Arabic 4* fihi —meaning “to him.” But this, too, seemed inconclusive. For the solution of the puzzle I am indebted to Mr. J. C. Sugars, of the F. M. S. Civil Service. ‘Payah kun is merely a corruption of the Arabic fa yakun ox —meaning © and it ise The correct reading therefore is “kun kata Allah, fa yakun kata Muhammad.” “Let it be.” saith Allah : “ and it is” saith Muhammad.) *Skeat, Malay Magic. p. 4. Footnote. Jour. Straits Branch, R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 26 KUN AND PAYAH KUN. The words occur in the 110th verse of the second ee : : es of the Koran. ree a ot- oa eos SNe 6 i gate Idha qadha amran fa wuuma onal lahu kun fa yakun,. — : . he Hak (When He decreeth a matter, He doth but say unto it “Be;’ and it is.) Eyes in the 88nd verse of the 36th chapter we have ie s 3° A hea ao VI Biol tal Tnnama aml idha arada He an an yaqulu lahw- kun ve yakun- (His bidding is only, when He desireth anything, to say to ‘Be; and it is.) The expression is thus identical with that- which appears throughout the first book of Genesis in such verses as the following :— And God said, Let there be light and phere ae light. And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be © gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear : and it was so. It is probable that the sentence as we now have it was first coined by pawangs as part of a mantra at a period when the Malays had not long been converted to Muhammadanism. The addition of the words “saith Muhammad,” though doubtless partly due to ignorance of the meaning of the foreign words and partly to the national love of an antithesis, appears also to be partly due to the zeal of a convert. And, it is v 4; , ay | S ; 7 Hoe 4 * a tet, 2) Ree ai! i interesting to note, not only is the addition of the two words — wholly unnecessary, but the expression “and it is, sath Muhammad” would appear to a strict Muhammadan to & of very doubtful orthodoxy. Jour. Straits. Branch ets ges am 1 boone bh SOD! yh ae tha ee ence Oe hid ii aa Di ls i Ne fat ey He oe el The Story of Kherudin. By G. M. LAIDLAW... Penghulu Mat Nordin learnt this story of Kherudin many years ago from Mohamed Unus bin Mohamed Arip who, so far as is known, was of pure Perak descent. The tale is told that once in the olden time there was a merchant called Mansur who had seven sons. Now he was very rich.. But one day, owing to the will of God, he fell ill with many and very grievous sicknesses. Many doctors and medicine men tried to physic him but could not restore him to health. So one day he called his seven sons and at that time he declared his will to his eldest son, Zainal Abidin, his second son, Kamarudin, his third son, Shamsudin, his sixth son, Bahakudin, and to his youngest son, Kherudin, saying to them. “ Hai, Zainal Abidin, on this day have I made my will. As regards your younger brother Kherudin you must take very great care of him, for it seems to me that he is the one who will be most fortunate, indeed all of you. will be able to obtain your living through him. Now on no account whatever are you to transgress this my will. If you do, I shall certainly curse you both in this life and hereafter and you will not obtain peace.’ _- His son named Zainal Abidin made reply and said, “ It is good, my father.” Two or three days later Merchant Mansur returned to the merey of God. After that Zainal Abidin called all the priests and preachers, hajis and lebais, to pray for his father. He also got ready the siraja diraja, that is to say the bier on which the body is carrried to the grave. This was adorned with all sorts of most precious’ things. He gave away in alms many tens of thousands of dollars to all those of the faith who were there on the day that his father was laid in the earth. After he had completed the feast of the third: oy and R: A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 28 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. of the seventh day and of the twice seven days and of the forty days and of the hundred days after all this work of the feasts had been settled, Zainal Abidin carefully followed out to the letter the will of his father as regards the upbringing of his youngest brother. — After a very long time when Kherudin had grown up, the eldest brother made a plan with his younger ones to go on a trading voyage. They all replied that it wasa most excellent plan. So after this meeting they ordered the second son ~ of Kamarudin to get ready a very big ship and to load all sorts of trading things therein.. After voyaging for some days they came to a country and the six brothers with Zainudin went to lay before the king of the country all sorts of offerings in homage, but the youngest brother was left to watch the ship. Now Kherudin had been given a hundred dollars by his eldest brother in order that he might buy anything that he fancied. This had been ordered in his father’s will. While he was watching the ship, a certain man in the country who had been keeping a mangy dog began to think on this wise. “~ What is the good of taking care of this mangy dog? The food that I give it is only aloss.’ So that day he made up his mind to destroy it by setting it adrift in the sea. But when the man reached the shore leading the dog with him and Kherudin saw that he meant to throw it into the sea, he said. “What are you going to do with the dog : ee The owner replied. “I am going to set it adritt, because it is mangy and I cannot afford to feed it any longer.” Kherudin said, “ Will you sell the dog ?” ‘The man said, “ If you want to have it, take it.” Kherudin said, “ If you give it to me, I do not want it, but if you will sell it for thirty dollars I will buy.” When the dog’s owner heard that he replied gladly, “Take it.’ So Kherudin paid over thirty dollars, and the man took it and went away back to his own house. A little later his elder brothers came back from the palace, and found Kherudin busy bathing his dog. They said to him. .“ Where did. -you get the dog ?” Jour. Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 29 Kherudin answered. “I bought it just now for thirty dollars.” | : The five brothers said. “The fellow is cracked, a ninny to throw his money about like that for no use.”’ “Don’t be angry with him. It is not your money that he has given away.” Some days later the elder brothers again went on shore to buy all sorts of merchandise to bring back to their own country and again Kherudin was left to take care of the ship. While he was on watch a man brought a mangy cat which he intended to throw adrift into the sea. Kherudin said, “ What are you doing with that cat ?”’ The man with the cat answered, I am going to set it - adrift in the sea.” Kherudin said, © Will you sell it ?” The owner of the cat answered. “If you would like to have it, take it.” Kherudin said, “ If you merely give it, I do not want it, but if you will sell it for thirty dollars I will buy it.”’ So the owner of the cat said, “ Very good then.” And Kherudin paid him the thirty dollars. The man went back to his house rejoicing. A short while after the six elder brothers came back from the shore and found Kherudin busy bathing the mangy cat. The five said to him, “ Where did you get this cat from next ?”’ He answered, © I have just bought it for thirty dollars.” » They said to him, “Are you a human being? Have you no brains? You are just like a beast, and when a man is like a beast, it is a very great curse indeed.” The eldest brother said, “ What is the use of being angry with him? It is not your money with which he bought it. I gave him that money. Let him buy whatever he likes. I don’t mind.”’ : So Kherudin lavished all his care on the dog and on the mangy cat and paid no attention to the trading voyage. He gave his whole energy to looking after the dog and the cat. B. A. Soe., No. 46, 1906 ; 30 . THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. About two days after this his brothers again went on shore to look for all sorts of things to trade aad left him again inthe ship. Then another man came along dragging a snake by a noose which he had fastened round its neck. He aise wanted to kill it by throwing it into the sea. When Kherudin saw the man. dragging the snake he said, “What are you going to do with that snake ?” The man said, “Iam going to kill it and throw it into | the sea.” | Kherudin said, “ Will you sell it?” The man said, “ If you want it take it.’’ Kherudin said, “If you give it to me, I do not want it: but if vou will sell it for thirty dollars I will buy it.”’ The man said all right. After that Kherudin paid the thirty ; dollars. When he had bought the snake Kherudin looked after it so well that his brothers never knew about it. Now it seemed that this snake was the king of all snakes, so in the middle of that night, all his ministers and all his sub- jects came before him. The ministers made obeisance saying, “Your majesty, why do you live here? Why have you abandoned your throne?) What is the fault of your servants? - Have we not all obeyed your august commands? As far as we can remember never have your servants even on one occa- sion rebelled against your august commands. 6 Kherudin heard all that they said. The king snake replied, “It was no fault of yours. Only it happened that one day as I went along by myself intending to look at the sports of mankind, while on “the way I became thirsty so-I went to look for water. While doing this I met with one of these folk, who struck me and intended to kill me and cast me into the sea. But then we met this man who redeemed me for thirty dollars, and that is how it happened that I did not die.” Then all the ministers proceeded to present themselves before Kherudin and made obeisance saying, “ Your majesty, this snake which you have redeemed is the king of all the — Jour. Straits Branch ~. a seioue ee es Tee Ye Sr are ip Ae cone, I V4 : fe te ive ie ee é y s 5 ) THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 3S! snakes. If there is any pity any mercy in your majesty, your slaves trust to be allowed to return you this money.” Kherudin answered, “ Even if he is the king of all the _ snakes, yet we cannot give him back for we are fond of him.” So all the ministers besought him saying, If your majesty will not allow us to give you money, then there is a certain fairy ring which we can present to you. Whatever your intention or whatever ae wish may be, it will bring them all to pass. ‘ When Kherudin heard that, he said, “ If that is true, you can take the king snake.” So all the ministers rejoiced aie and besought permis- sion to retire, which was graciously given them. The king snake was borne away on his oe heads, back to his own country. The next day the eldest brother, Jami said, —‘Te- morrow we will sail home.”’ Kherudin heard what he said and saw that he had only ten dollars left. So he went on shore to buy all the fish scales and broken pots atthe fish sellers place. He bought every fish scale and broken sherd from those people who lived there for ten dollars. They were all very glad. Then he carried them all off and stored them inthe ship. His eldest brother just noticed him, but the five others kept on ao and were angry with Kherudin for his mad conduct. After that on the next morning they set sail, and Kheru- din was still more devoted to his mangy dog and to his mangy eat. After voyaging for seven days and seven nights they - reached their own country. As soon as ever they arrived, the six brothers each took a present to offer as homage to the king. The king said, ‘The six of you have each given me a present but your youngest brother seems to think that he os pre- sent no homage to me.” _ 2 The eldest brother replied, “It is because this youngling, - Kherudin has brought nothing whatever back with him.” R.A, Soc., No. 46, 1906, 32 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. After that they all craved permission to return to their own house. When they got there the five brothers said, “This fellow is of no value in the king’s eyes. The rest of us all took a pre- sent. Healone took none. Andso we were put to shame, for of course people will not say that we are rich, and of course people will not say that Merchant Mansur was our father.” But Kherudin was silent and made no reply. The next day he went to his mother, Siti Rasimah, and said, Mother, mother, please go and bespeak the king’s daughter in marriage.”’ 3 His mother answered, “ Why, what resource have we? Certainly such poor people as we are will not be received by iatane Her son said, “ Please go, mother. You can but try.” " So his mother went before the king and lifted her ten fingers in obeisance and made homage, saying, © Pardon my lord, a thousand be the pardons vouchsafed to your most humble slave, who humbly craves for pardon. My child, my youngling, Kherudin has preferred a request. He desires to become your august majesty’s slave, and to repair the broken flooring and the torn partitions in your palace.” The king quite understood what Siti Rasimah meant, so he said, “‘ I would like to give my child a husband, but- Kherudin must first accomplish what I want and then, please God, I would accept him.”’ . , Siti Rasimah made obeisance, “Pardon, your majesty, your slave wishes to hear a little of the royal commands, what is your intention, what is your desire towards her in the dust — at your feet ?”’ The king said, “ First-of all, he must make me a royal palace whose pillars are of mingled gold and silver and whose walls are of pure gold, and with a diamond cupola. Then secondly he must make a landing of gold from the palace right down to the sea. Then thirdly he must make a gold road between his house and my palace.” Jour, Straits Branch a ee hide oh des get Sees Seg OPN ae ee THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 33 ion he had finished speaking Siti Rasimah became very sad and after she had obtained leave to depart she returned home weeping looking for her son, and saying, “ This time mother and child are indeed separated.’ Kherudin saw her weeping and became very frightened. He said, “Why are you weeping, mother? What has the king said ?”’ So his mother told him all that the king wanted. Kheru- din said,. “If that is all that the king wants, do not be frightened, mother; go and tell the king that whenever he wants it done, I am ready to do it.” So the next day Siti Rasimah again went before the king and made obeisance. _. “Pardon your majesty a thousand pardons, when does your majesty desire to have this thing done?” 2 The king said, ‘I want it done in three days time from now. When itis quite finished I will marry my daughter to him at once.” | | After that Siti Rasimah was given leave to return. She told her son all that the king wanted and Kherudin replied, “Very good.’ So that evening he ordered his mother to make limes and cosmetics ready and also told her to sleep at another house for that night, so that he was left alone. In the evening when alone by himself he bathed and perfumed himself. At midnight he called out aloud, “Oh! fairy ring that was given me by the king snake, if you really are a fairy ring, I ask you to make me a royal palace whose pillars are of mingled gold and silver and whose walls are of pure gold, and a landing place of pure gold from the palace to the sea side, and a pathway of gold from the palace to this house of mine.” At that very instant with a noise like thunder came all the jins and the king snake and all his ministers before Kherudin. The king snake said, “Why is my beloved troubled of . heart ? ”’ So Kherudin answered, “I have asked for the hand of the daughter of the king of this country, and he has asked me R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 34 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. to make a royal palace and a landing place anda pathway of pure gold, and also that the palace should have a diamond cupola.” : : The king snake said, ‘“‘ When does my beloved eee this done?” reso * Kherudin answered, I want it done to-night.” So that very night after the king snake had concentrated all his will on fulfilling Kherudin’s request, everything came ~ into being perfectly complete. The glamour of the palace burst all over the whole country side, and all the retainers and all the great men were terrified and went before the king. The king too was greatly astonished, but in a little while he ~ recollected the request that he had made of Kherudin. Then he became very glad and told all his retainers; each of whom afterwards went back to his own house. The king was very pleased indeed to see what Kherudin had done. As soon — as ever it was day, the whole population came together to see the king’s palace. They were all astonished. When each one was satisfied with gazing on this most wonderful sight they all went back to their own homes. Ree Later on Kherudin went to his mother and ae ‘Mother, go and ask the king when he is going to marry me to his daughter.” Siti Rasimah at once went before the king. Wien ie reached the royal presence she made obeisance, lifting her ten fingers in homage, and said, “ Pardon your majesty, a thousand thousand pardons, your slave trusts peradventure to be pardon- ed for preferring her request, since she has for such a long time obeyed the royal behest. Your slave has been asked by her youngling Kherudin to enquire from your majesty what is to be- done about your former promise.’ When the king heard Siti Rasimah’s request he pondered : : thus in his heart: “ Of a certainty I spring from a race of kings who have come down from father to son from the olden days, — and this Kherudin is the son of a merchant. Ii I marry my daughter to him I shall be put to shame when the kings in the other countries come to hear of it. But if I break my word he Jour. Straits Branch = " . i < oa za % * a £. - THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 35 may raise the country in revolt, and perhaps he might subdue it, for he is clearly a man endowed with many charms and magic powers.” : So in thinking thus the king spake as follows: ‘‘ Very well, the marriage will take place in seven days time.” When Siti Rasimah heard the king’s words she went home and told her son all that the king had said. Kherudin was very glad. On the next day the king told one of his friends to call all his retainers together. And .on that day all his ministers were gathered together. The king was seated on the royal throne of state and spake on this wise: “Hai! one and all, retainers of mine, we have called you together to make preparations for the wedding of our daughter - Princess Shamsiah with the merchant’s son named Kherudin.” All the retainers made obeisance, saying, “Pardon your majesty, a thousand thousand pardons, we are all willing to -_ bow our heads beneath your majesty s commands.” When the king had made an end of speaking and the ‘retainers had finished their homage, the retainers all lifted their ten fingers, and obtained leave to return each to his house. The very next day the ministers all began to obey the king’s behest: the days were like nights and the nights were like days, the whole country was in an uproar and all the inhabit- ants were gathered together. The blind were led in and the lame came on crutches. When the seven days and the seven nights were dommlnied Kherudin was brought in procession to the king’s house with all sorts of finery. Still more was lavished on the Princess Shamsiah. When Kherudin reached the royal audience hall it was crammed full with all the ministers, eunuchs, heralds, all the penghulus, the whole army of the common folk were in the royal hall. The king himself was present seated in state on his royal throne and he had ealled the kathi and had empowered him to marry his daughter to Kherudin. When the kathi arrived he came on bended knee lifting his ten fingers in homage, and when the king had fully confirmed the power bestowed and he had again lifted his hands in obeisance,- R. A, Soe., No, 46, 1906. 36 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. he went back to find Kherudin. When he got near Kherudin he ordered him to sit down on one knee. The kathi then read the marriage service, after that he spoke to Kherudin, and when he had made an end of that and he had prayed in all sorts of ways for the safety of the king’s children, husband and wife, and for their parents and for all the people in the realm, when he had made an end of all that, they bore Kherudin into the palace and seated him next to Princess Shamsiah. All the | men and all the women who saw the sight were very greatly pleased, for it was for all the world just like the moon encircled by stars. Next they brought the marriage cake of rice, which was ornamented in many ways. Both husband and wife partook of it. When they had finished eating they were next led by the eunuchs and female attendants into the royal bed- chamber, and the golden state curtain was lowered. Many were the terms of endearment that Kherudin lavished on his wife, but she bore herself most humbly. When Kherudin saw that, a great pity arose in his heart and he embraced her and fondled her with many sweet and kind words to soothe his wife’s heart. So Kherudin came to love his wife. Some days after, Kherudin went out hunting. His wite made ready all sorts of provisions. He left behind his magic ring with his wife and set off with an army of retainers and with elephants and horses. While her husband was away hunting the Princess Shamsiah noticed that the setting of the ring was old and worn. So she ordered one of her attendants to call the most skilful Chinaman in the country. He quickly came to her presence and she ordered him to reset the ring in a more beautiful way. The jeweller said “ Very well.” He obtained permission to return to his house. When he got there he had a good look at the jewel in the ring. Never had he seen so fairagem. So that very night he ran away with it. After two days time Kherudin came back from hunting with all sorts of things that he had taken in the chase. When he reached his wife he asked for the ring. She replied that she had given it toa Chinaman to put it in a_ better setting. The princess ordered one of her servants to go and call the jeweller. When the servant reached his house she Jour. Straits Branch : PO Re) aes. Fe THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 37 learnt that he had run away. So she ran back to the prin- cess and informed her. As soon as Kherudin heard what the servant said he swooned without saying a word. The prin- cess was greatly distressed for her husband. An uproar arose in the palace and the king her father came to see why his son-in-law had fainted. While this was going on the mangy cat got to know what had happened to his master and he took gousel with the mangy dog. . What will be the end of this thing? Our master has been in a swoon for several days because he has lost the - fairy ring given to him by the king snake. I think that it is only right that we should go and look for this ring for that Chinaman has run off with it to some other country. If we cannot find it, the care spent on us by our master is quite useless.” The taney dog replied, “Go and get it, for I cannot look for it.” - The mangy cat said, “It is not that you are not able merely. You have no strength for it, for you have no love for your master.” _ The mangy dog said, “ It is not that I have no love for my master. I am very fond of him. But I do not know where on earth that ring has been taken by that Chinaman.” The cat said, “If you do not know how to look for it, let me be the head and you can follow. But whatever I say you must do.” The mangy dog said, If it be arranged like that, let us go.’ After they had made this plan the dog and the cat set off, into forests, out of forests, up mountains and down mountains, into plains and across plains. At last they came to a village. The dog said, “I cannot walk any farther, for I am tre- mendously hungry.” | The cat replied, “I am hungry too. Since that is so, - I had better go and look for some food. But let us make R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906; 8388 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. our plans first. I will go into the houses. If I find any food in the kitchen and if I can knock it down to the ground, you must at once snatch it up in your mouth and run off to the jungle.” The dog agreed, so the cat set off. He went into one house where he-saw a cooking pot in the middle of the kitchen. So he went in and kicked it down to' the ground. The dog snatched it up and ran off to the jungle and the cat followed him. When they got into the jungle they ate until they were satisfied and then being once more strong they went on their way. The mangy cat went into the towns to listen to the peo-— ple talking but heard nothing. So they went on once more until they came to ue sea side. There they saw an island. The cat said, “ Perhaps that Chinaman is there, we ee go across to the island. The dog said, “ If you are able to, come along.” So they set off swimming in the sea. They swam for a day and a night. At length both of them reached the island and climbed on shore. They walked about on the beach. The dog said, “ Hai, I can’t walk any longer for Iam very hungry.” The cat said, “ Let us look on the shore, nerhans we can find some fish which we can eat.” In a little while they found a big fish. The cat said, “That is the very fish we want, come and let us eat it.” So the cat and the dog finished the fish. After that both of them went on. Every night they listened of news of the Chinaman to see if he was in the island. But he was not. The cat said, ““ What resource have we left now ?” The dog said, “I dont know, whatever you think I will > agree to. The cat said, “ We had better go to some other country — perhaps we will find that Chinaman there.’ So they both swam away to another country. Aftera long long time they arrived and climbed on shore. The dog said, Hai, cat, I can walk no longer for I am faint with hunger. ; Jour. Straits Branch 4 F B £ sn a Bre oe Re i a r a Be a = 4 cal eS - > _ oe: THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 39 The cat answered, “Wait here then, while I go to look - for some food.” So he set off. At last he met with a man who was busy smoking some fish. ‘The cat hid in the grass close by and - while the man went away to eat his dinner, he took five or six fish and went off with them to the dog. They both ate and when they were satisfied they went on together. When night fell they went to the house of a goldsmith, a Chinaman. The eat thought that this was perhaps the house of the man who had stolen their master g ring. : The dog said, “How are you going to manage to get that ring if the ring is in the house.?”’ The cat answered, I have a plan. It seems that this towkay is really the fellow who has stolen the ring.” ‘The cat said to the dog, “You wait on this side of the door and I will wait on that. If you see a white rat, catch it, but don’t kill it.” The dog said, “ Very well.’’ They each lay in wait on their — side of the door. At last about midnight, a white rat came out on the cat's side and the cat caught it. The white rat said, ““ Don’t eat me.” The cat said, “ Yes, I am going to eat you.” Now the white rat was the king of all the rats in that country. When this occurred all the great men of the king rat came. One of his retainers said, “ Do not, oh; Grandfather Cat, devour our king! Whatever you may want we will help you.” The cat said, ~ Very good, there is a fairy ring in the inside of seven boxes belonging to this towkay. If you get that ring to- night, I will let our king go ;if not, I certainly will eat him.”’ The retainer replied, ~ ‘Very well, if it is there, we will get it to-night.” So they Aiesaad all the rats in that country and ordered them to bore into that Chinaman’s box. So all the rats gnawed through one box after another, until the seventh. RK; A. Soc,, No 46, 1906. 40 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. When they had pierced the seventh, one of the army of rats went in and searched about inside. There was only a small bundle of cloth but the rat felt that there really was a ring inside it. So he brought it outside and gave it to the cat. | When the cat saw that it really was his master’s ring he let the king rat go. So the king rat went off with his army of followers. Thecat was very glad indeed. and went to find the dog. we The cat said; “ Hai, mangy dog, I have got our master’s ring. Come along home.” The cat carried the ring in its mouth. When daylight came the cat and the dog set off to swim across a very wide sea. The cat was not in the least tired owing to the power of ~ the ring. But the dog got very tired and spent, so he said to the cal, ‘ Hai, let me carry the ring for a little, for I see that you are quite fresh.’ But the cat said, “ You can’t carry the ring now; perhaps you will let it fall.” The dog said, “ It won’t fall.” So the cat gave it to the dog who put it in his mouth. The dog at once became a little stronger. But after a time the ring fell into the sea. The dog said, “ Hai, our master’s ring has fallen into the sea.”’ The cat said, “I told you before that if you carried it, you would let it fall, but you said it would not. Now you have dropped it. And how are we to get it back again ?”’ So they went on swimming till they got to an island at which they rested. The cat said, “ We had better walk about on the shore.” The cat noticed a large fish rolling over and over on the shore. He thought, “ What a fat fish that is. Iam hungry; I had better eat it.” ; So he said to the dog, “Come along and eat this dead fish for I am very hungry.” Jour. Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 41 The dog rushed off and began to eat. The cat also came and ate. The dog guzzled right into the fish’s maw. When he broke it open he saw that there was a ring inside. The dog said, “ I have found a ring in the maw of this fish.” The cat said, ‘ Here! let me have a look.” So the dog gave it to the cat, and it actually was the ring that had fallen. The cat took it and put it in his mouth, = said “ Come along and let us swim back.” So they both swam away. At last after a very long time they reached land. They travelled on, day and night, night and day, until at last they reached their master’s country. When they got below the house, Kherudin was still in aswoon. The cat tried to reach his master but was not allowed to get near. So at midnight when they were all asleep, the cat crept up into the house and went to his master and laid the ring on his breast. Then Kherudin sneezed and at once recovered consciousness and went away to his own bedroom. Nobody had noticed anything, so the people who were on guard at the place where Kherudin had swooned were very frightened the next morning when they saw that Kherudin had disappeared. So an uproar arose in the palace. Some one told the king that his illustri- ous son had disappeared from the place in which he had swoon- ed. The king was very grieved to hear this. Later on in the day, at the time when the ploughman can glance round without being dazzled by the sun, that is to say at the time that you can lift your eyebrows, (about 9 a. m.) the princess Shamsiah came out from her bedroom and heard that there ‘was an uproar in the palace because her husband had disap- peared. So the princess ordered one of her servants to go and tell her father that Kherudin had recovered from his swoon and was in his own bedroom. So the maid servant ran off in a hurry to go before the king and said, “ Pardon, your majesty, a thousand thousand pardons, this your slave has come before your gracious majesty on the command of your daughter. The princess commands me to say that Kherudin has recovered from his swoon and is now in his bedroom. ” R. A. Sec. No. 46, 1906. 42 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. When the king heard this report his grief at once disap- peared. While the maid was away seeing the king, Kherudin arose from his sleep. Both husband and wife then proceeded to bathe. When the bathing was over, they had breakfast. They lived together very happily. After a very long time the king abdicated in favour of Kherudin. As long as Kherudin was king the country increas- ed in peace and became more and more populous. Kherudin was styled Sultan Kherudin Shah because he was so very wise and clever, and because he took such great care of all the natives of the land and because he so fostered all the strangers. His dignity increased and his name became more and more famous in the neighbouring lands. ‘One day he summoned all the great men of the country © and all his brothers. When they were all assembled and he was seated on his throne of state, he made his eldest brother the chief minister of state and the other five brothers the keep- er of his buffaloes, of his cattle, of his goats, of his sheep, and of his fowls, each with his separate work. And his kingdom ~ became more and moré firm. He may be reigning still, Heaven alone knoweth. The Story of Kherudin. Alkésah maka ada-lah pada masa dahulu kala maka ada-lah ~ sa’orang saudagar nama Saudagar Mansur, maka ada-lah anak- nya laki-laki tujoh orang. Maka sangat-lah kaya-nya. Maka pada satu hari déngan takdir Allah sakit-lah ia déngan bér- bérapa kasakitan amat sangat, maka bér-bérapa tabib dan bér-— bérapa bomor akan méngubati ini saudagar tiada juga mahu baik. Maka pada satu hari di-panggil-nya-lah anak-nya katujoh- nya dan pada waktu itu bér-wasiat-lah ia kapada anak-nya yang tua nama Zainal Abidin dan yang téngah-nya nama Kamarudin dan yang alang-nya nama Shamsudin dan yang uda- nya nama Bahakudin dan yang bongsu-nya nama Kherudin. Maka kata bapa-nya ‘“ Hai Zaina! Abidin pada hari ini télah aku bér-wasiat-lah kapada kamu. Fasal adek kamu Kherudin -ini Jour. Straits Branch — a aa ao THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 43 handak-lah kamu pélihara-kan baik-baik kérana ia pada _ pan- dangan aku dan rasa hati-ku ia-lah yang sangat bértuah dan séklian kamu boleh ménumpane kapada-nya. Maka jangan-lah -sékali-kali kamu laiui akan wasiat aku ini, jika kamu lalui juga téntu-lah kamu aku sumpah dunia dan akhirat tiada-lah dapat - sélamat.” poe jawab anak-nya yang nama Zainal Abidin ‘“Baikayah.” Kémdian sélane antara tiga hari maka ini Sauda- gear Mansur pun kémbali karahmat Allah, Sétélah démikian di- panggil oleh Zainudin ségala imam khatib, haji dan leba akan sém- bahyang-kan bapa-nya itu dan dipérbuat-nya séraja diraja, yaani pérusongan méngangkat mayat ka-kubur déngan pélabagei pérhiasan yang térlalu amat éndah-éndah-nya dan bér-bérapa -puloh ribu ringgit disédékah-kan-nya kapada séklian orang islam yang ada hadir pada hari turun tanah bapa- -nya. Maka sétélah disémpérna-kan-nya-lah khanduri méniga hari, dan tujoh hari, dan dua kali tujoh hari dan ampat puloh hari dan saratus hari-nya, shahadan télah sélései-lah déripada pékerjaan khanduri itu, maka ini adek-nya yang bongsu-nya itu dipélihara- nya ikut sabagimana wasiat bapa-nya itu juga. Kémdian lama déngan kalamaan-nya maka ini Kherudin pan bésar-lah sudah. Maka pada satu hari-nya bérméshuarat-lah abang-nya yang tua kapada ségala adek-adek-nya ia héndak bélayar bérniaga maka jawab ségala adek-adek-nya, ‘ Itu elok sangat-lah abang.” Maka sétélah habis méshuarat itu, maka disuroh-kan-nya adek-nya yang téngah nama Kamarudin akan | Siap-siap satu kapal yang sangat bésar-nya mémuat pélabagai jénis pérniagaan, kémdian antara bérbérapa hari didalam pélayaran-nya itu tiba ia kapada sabuah négri dan naik-lah ini saudagar Zainudin anam béradek pergi méngadap raja didalam négri déngan mémbawa pélabagai jénis persémbahan kapada raja dan adék-nya yang bongsu-nya tinggal ménunggu kapal. Maka ini Kherudin ada dibéri oleh abang-nya yang tua itu saratus ringgit akan mémbéli apa-apa yang disuka’i-nya akan héndak mélihat-kan sépérti wasiat bapa-nya. Kémdian didalam ia ménunggu kapal itu ada-lah satu orang didalam néegri itu ada pélihara sa’ekor anjing kurap, fikir-nya, ‘Apa guna aku pélihara ini anjing kurap, buat rugi, aku béri makan-nya sahaja.’ Kémdian itu hari juga ia héndak bunoh buangkan kalaut. Kémdian sérta sampaiia katépi laut mémbawa R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 44 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. itu anjing maka dilihat ol@h Kherudin ini orang héndak mém- | buang-kan anjing itu, maka kata-nya, ‘‘ Héndak dibawa kamana itu anjing?” Maka jawab tuan anjing itu, ‘“ Sahaya héndak buangkan kalaut, kérana ia sudah kéna pényakit kurap tiada-lah Jalu lagi béri makan sahaja.” Maka kata Kherudin “ Dijual-kah ituanjing?” Maka jawab tuananjing “Jikatuan héndakambil- lah sahaja.” Maka kata Kherudin ‘“Jika dibéri-kan séhaja sahaya tiada mahu, jika dijual tiga puloh ringgit sahaya béli.”» Maka tuan anjing ménéngar yang démikian itu, suka-lah, jawab-nya, « Ambil-lah,” sérta dibayar oleh Kherudin hérga-nya $30— sudah ditérima-nya hérga anjing itu ia balik karumah-nya. Kémdian sabuntar lagi turun abang-abang-nya itu. déripada méngadap raja. Maka dilihat oleh abang-nya ini Kherudin téngah mémandi-kan anjing-nya, maka kata abang-abang-nya itu, ‘‘ Dimana kamu dapat ini anjing ?’ Maka jawab Kherudin “ Sahaya béli tadi déngan tiga puloh ringgit.” Maka kata abang- nya yang lima orang itu * Ini-lah orang yang gila dan bodoh mémbuang-kan duit déngan tiada faidah.” Maka jawab abang- nya yang tua, “ Jangan kamu marah kapada-nya. Bukan-nya | kamu yang mémbéri duit itu.” Kémdian antara dua tiga hari abang-abang-nya hérjalan ~ naik kadarat akan mémbéli pélabagai jénis pérniagaan héndak dibawa ka-négri-nya, tinggal Kherudin juga ménunggu kapal. Maka didalam ia ménunggu itu ada satu orang mémbawa sa’ekor kuching kurap héndak mémbuang-kan kalaut, maka kata Kherudin *“*‘ Héndak kamana dibawa kuching itu? ” Maka jawabtuan kuching itu, “ Sahaya héndak hanyut- kan kalaut.” Maka kata Kherudin “ Dijual- -kah itu kuching ?*” Maka jawab tuan kuching itu ‘‘ Jika tuan mahu ambil-lah sahaja.” Maka kata Kherudin “ Dibéri-kan sahaja, tiada sahaya mahu, jika dijual tiga - puloh ringgit sahaya béli.” Maka kata tuan kuching itu “ baik-lah.” Maka dibéri oleh Kherudin hérga-nya $30—suka-lah hati tuan kuching itu maka ia balik karumah-nya. Kémdian antara sabuntar lagi turun-lah abang-nya anam beradek dari darat, maka dilihat-nya ini Kherudin téngah mémandi-kan kuching kurap. Maka kata abang-nya yang lima orang itu, ‘‘ Dimana pula kamu dapat kuching kurap? ” Maka jawab-nya ‘‘ Sahaya béli tadi tiga puloh ring ogit ini.” Maka kata abang-abang-nya itu, “ Ini-lah manusia yang,tiada bérakal sepérti binatang dan apa- Jour. Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 45 bila manusia sépérti binatang chélaka yang amat bésar.” Makakata abang-nya yang tua ‘ Apa guna kamu marah-kan dia? Bukan-nya duit kamu yang dibélikan-nya. Itu duit aku mém- béri-kan-nya. Maka apa-apa yang disuka’il pada _hati-nya boleh ia béli. Aku tidak féhduli-kan.” Maka-ini Kherudin pun ia peléhara-lah anjing dan kuching kurap itu déngan sahabis- habis akhtiar-nya, maka tiada-lah ia féhduli-kan alkesah perniaga- an. Sémata-mata ia mémélihara anjing dan kuching itu sahaja. Kémdian antara dua hari pula naik pula abang-abang-nya kadarat akan ménchari pélabagai jénis dagangan, maka ia ting- gal juga dikapal, kémdian datang satu orang ménarek anak ular dijérat-nya déngan tali pada leher anak ular itu ia héndak bunoh kuangkan kalaut. Maka térlihat oleh Kherudin itu orang ménarek anak ular itu, maka kata-nya ‘“‘ Héndak kamana di- bawa anak ular itu?” Maka jawab orang itu “ Sahaya héndak bunoh buangkan kalaut.” Maka kata Kherudin “ Dijual-kah itu anak ular?’ Maka jawab tuan ular itu, “ Jika tuan héndak ambil-. lah sahaja.” Maka kata Kherudin “Jika dibéri-kan sahaja tiada sahaya mahu, jika dijual déngan hérga-nya $30 boleh sahaya béli.” Maka jawab tuan ular itu “ baik.” Habis itu ia bayar-lah tiga puloh ringgit, maka apabila sudah dibéli-nya ini ular maka Khérudin pun pélihara-lah déngan sachukop-nya tiada ditahu oleh abang-abang-nya. Maka ini anak ular rupa-nya raja sékalian ular. Kémdian ada-lah waktu téngah malam itu juga, maka datang-lah ségala méntri dan ségala rayat-rayat raja ular ini, -méndapat-kan raja-nya. Maka sémbah ségala méntri-méntri- nya, “ 'Tuanku méngapa dudok pula disini méninggal-kan témpat karajaan? Apa-kah salah patek sékalian? ‘Tiada-kah patek sékalian ménjunjong titah kabawah duli? Pada ingatan patek bélum pérnah satu kali pun patek sékalian mémpérbuat dérhaka kapada kabawah duli.” Maka didéngar oleh Kherudin ségala pérkataan ségala méntri ular ini. Maka jawab raja ular itu ‘* Bukan-nya kérana apa-apa, hanya-lah ada satu hari aku pérgi bérjalan sa’orang diri, sahaya héndak mélihat-kan térmasa ségala manusia, maka pada waktu itu térasa pula héndak minum, jadi pérgi pula aku ménchari ayer, maka didalam aku bérjalan ini bérjumpa déngan sa’orang manusia lalu dipukol-nya aku, héndak dibunoh buangkan kalaut. Kémdian bérjumpa pula R.A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 46 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. _ déngan tuan ini lalu ditébus-nya tiga puloh ringgit, ini-lah sébab- nya tiada aku mati.’ Kémdian bérhadap-lah ségala méntri- méntri ini méngadap Kherudin maka sémbah méntri kapada Kherudin, ‘‘Tuanku ada pun anak ular yang tuanku tébus tiga © puloh ringgit itu, ini-lah raja sékalian ular, jika tuanku ada bélas kasihan akan patek harap akan boleh paték sémbah-kan kémbali duit tuanku itu.” Maka jawab Kherudin ‘“ Jikalau b&tul ini anak raja ular tiada-lah kami béri balik kérana kami. pun kaseh pula kapada-nya.” Maka dipohonkan juga oleh méntri-méntri itu kapada Kherudin kata-nya “ Jika tuanku tiada béri bayar déngan duit boleh patek pérsémbah-kan sabéntok chinchin kasaktian. Jika apa maksud dan hajat-tuanku sémua- nya sampal.” Maka télah didéngar oleh Kherudin yang démki- an itu kata-nya “ Jika bétul bagitu bawa-lah anak raja ular ini.” Maka ségala méntri-méntri itu pun térlalu-lah suka-nya sérta bérmohon-lah bérjalan kapada Kherudin, maka jawab-nya “ Baik-lah.” Maka anak raja ular pun dijunjong- lah oleh ségala rayat-rayat-nya diatas képala-nya bawa balik kanégri-nya. Kémdian satu hari bérkata-lah abane-nya yang tua nama Zainudin xata-nya “Hsok hari kita bérlayar balik.” Maka didéng- ar oleh Kherudin pérkataan abang-nya itu dan ada-lah tinggal duit pada-nya $10—kémdian itu naik kadarat pérgi mémbéli ségala sisik ikan dan témbikar péchah-péchah katémpat orang- orang bérjual ikan, maka dibéli-nya-lah ségala sisik ikan dan témbikar péchah-péchah itu kapada orang-orange yang dudok ~ disitu déngan harga $10. Maka suka-lah hati orang disitu, maka ia angkat sékalian-nya dimuat-nya kadalam kapal itu, maka abang-nya yang tua itu mélihat-kan sahaja dan abang-abang- nya yang lima orang itu mérungut-rungut sahaja marah-kan Kherudin ini sépérti kalakuan orang gila. Habis itu maka pagi esok-nya bérlayar-lah kapal itu dan Kherudin maseh ia béla anjing kurap dan kuching kurap sahaja, maka antara tujoh hari tujoh malam sampai-lah kanéeri-nya dan manakala sudah sampai, maka abang-abang-nya yang anam béradek masing-masing mémbawa pérsémbahan kapada raja-nya itu. Maka kata raja, “Kamu yang anam béradek ada-lah masing-masing mémbawa — pérsémbahan kapada beta dan adek kamu yang kechil itu tiada ia mahu mémbawa pérsémbahan kapada beta.’ Maka jawab abang-nya yang tua, ‘* Ada pun didik Kherudin itu tiada suatu Jour, Straits Branch = Lee Ne i Ss Lie wi Ape y Pe ee ae veo j t aa Hi v THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. : 4.7 apa pun yang ada dibawa-nya.” Uabis itu ia pun bérmohon- lah balik karumah-nya. Maka sérta sampai abang-abang-nya lima orang lain itu, “ Ini-lah orang yang tiada bérharga kapada raja-raja. Orang- -orang lain-lain sémua-nya ada mémbawa pér- sémbahan hanya- lah kamu sa’orang yang tiada mémbawa pér- _sémbahan ménjadi malu-lah kapada raja-raja kérana kita éntah- kan kaya dan éntahkan Saudagar Mansur juga disébut orang.” Maka ini Kherudin pun diam tiada suatu pérkataan. Maka esok hari-nya pergi-lah ia méndapat-kan mak nama Siti Rasimah, kata-nya, ‘‘ Mak-mak pérgi-lah mak pinang-kan sahaya kapada anak raja itu.’ Maka jawab mak “ Apa-lah upaya kita, kérana kita ini orang miskin téntu tiada ditérima oleh raja itu.” Maka kata anak-nya ‘“‘ Pérgi juga mak, boleh pandu dahulu.” Maka mak-nya pun pérgi-lah méngadap raja sérta méngangkat kadam jari sapuloh,t sémbah-nya. _ “* Ampun tuan-ku béribu-ribu -ampun harap-kan diampuni sémbah paték yang téramat hina harap-kan diampuni ada-nya ; ada pun sépérti anak didik ? Kheru- din itu ia héndak bérmohon pérsémbah-kan diri-nya kabawah duli akan jadi mémbaiki lantat yany patah dan dinding yang koyak.” ° I. Mengangkat kadam jari sapuloh. The proper way of making this obeisance is on | bended knee. The hands are placed together open with the fingers touching each other. The thumbs also touch but are drawn well back. The hands are then carried up in front of the face and down again. If addressing the sultan the thumbs should be brought up above the end of the nose close to the eyes. If ad- dressing the raja muda the thumbs should be carried to just below the end ot the nose. When addressing others who are entitled to this salam the thumbs should not be carried higher’ than the chin. 2. Didik. : This is the correct word to use when referring to one’s. own offspring in addressing royalty. : 3. Lantai yang patah dan dinding yang koyak. _ The subject matrimony has to be broached most delicately. One must __ thread oneself in, menjarum jarum. The initial process is known as the _ kesalahan sirih sabekas or jabat salam or chelapai mulut. One version which was given me uses this phrase : Sahaya ini ada di suroh orang kapada mika. Apa maksud orang disuroh ? - Sahaya ini disuroh orang datang kapada mika ’nak berhambakan diri, *nak berbaik lantei yang patah, dinding yang pesok, atap yang tiris. Seperti maksud mika yang di suroh orangitu, teman dengar, kemdian seperti yang mika kata itu, adalah pada diri teman, tetapi’ sa-benarlah hal R. A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 48 THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. Maka raja itu pun hérti-lah akan maksud Siti Rasimah itu, maka titah raja itu, ‘Aku pun suka juga héndak mémbéri anak-ku bérsuami tétapi jika lalu Kherudin itu ményampai-kan sépérti hajat-ku, insha-allah, aku térima.” Maka sémbah Siti Rasimah, as Ampun tuanku harap paték héndak méndéngar sédikit titah, apa-apa hajat dan maksud kabawah duliitu.” Maka titah raja _ itu, “‘ Yang pértama buat-kan aku sabuah mabhligai tiang-nya déripada suasa dan dinding-nya déripada amas sapuloh mutu dan bérkémunchak dénganintan. Kaduaaku mintak buat-kan jamba- tan déripada amas juga dari mahligai hngga sampai ka-tepi laut. Dan yang katiga-nya aku mintak buat-kan pélantaran dari mah- ligai hingga sampai ka-rumah Kherudin séndiri déripada amas - juga.” Maka apabila habis titah raja itu maka Siti Rasimah pun térsangat-lah duka chita ménéngar titah raja itu, maka ia bér- mohon-lah balik sérta ménangis-lah ia mendapatkan anak-nya itu, kata-nya, ‘‘ Sakali ini bérchérai-lah kita anak béranak.” Maka dilihat oleh Kherudin ma’-nya mnangisitu. Maka térkéjut-lah ia sérta kata-nya, ‘“‘ Apa yang ma’ tangis-kan itu dan apa titah raja?” Maka dikhabar-kan oleh ma’-nya sépérti maksud raja itu. Maka kata Kherudin * Jika sabanyak itu sahaja ka-héndak raja itu, jangan-lah ibu-ku susah hati lagi. Pérgi-Jab ma’ sémbah-kan pada raja bila-kah ia mahu itu barang boleh sahaya pérbuat.” Kemdian esok hari-nya pérgi pula Siti Rasimah méngadap raja. Maka sémbah-nya, ‘ Ampun tuanku béribu-ribu ampun.- Bila- kah tuanku berkahéndak-kan pérkara itu?” Maka titah raja, ‘ Aku mahu didalam tiga hari ini juga. Apabila sudah hadir télah aku nikah-kan-lah déngan bér-bérapa ségéra-nya.” Habis itu Siti Rasimah bérmohon pulang. Maka dikhabar-kan-nya-lah ségala kahéndak raja itu, maka jawab Kherudin, “ Baik-lah.” Kémdian pada waktu pétang itu juga disuroh-nya ma’-nya mémbuat limau bédak sérta ia suroh pérgi pada lain rumah yang ia satu orang sahaja, pada pétang itu juga ia berlimau bedak déngan sa orang diri-nya. Kémdian pada waktu téengah malam ia pun bériangiang-lah kata-nya, ‘“‘ Hai chinchin kasaktian yang yang itu teman punya milek-nya, tetapi banyak waris ada sa-blah menyablah. Jikalau bagitu teman minta tempoh didalam dua tiga hari ini, teman ’nak berjumpa dengan we—waris teman dan sagala ipar duai teman. Apa bila sampei tiga hari, balaiklah mika jumpa dengan teman. The matter is decided at this second meeting, the kesalahan besar. Jour, Straits Branch cniae (oh aes, oo THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 49 dibéri oleh raja ular, jika angkau sunggoh kasaktian aku mintak buat sabuah mahligai tiang-nya déripada suasa dan lain-nya déri-pada amas sapuloh mutu dan suatu jambatan amas juga déri mahiagai hingga sampai ka-tépi laut dan sata pélantaran déri mahlivai hinsga sampai ka-ru- mah aku ini.” Maka déngan sakatika itu juga béreémuroh bunyi datang ségala jin dan auak raja ular dan sévala, meéntri- méntri-nya méngadap Kherudin. Maka kata anak raja ular ‘*Apa- kah. yane ka-kasih susah hati?” Maka jawab Kherudin “ Ada-- lah kami méminang anak raja didalan nézri ini, Maka ia mintak _ buat-kan sabuah mahligai dan satu jambatan dan satu pélaataran 99 dari pada amas sapulah mutu dan mahligai bérké nunchak intan. Maka kata anak raja ular ‘ Bila-kah ka-kasih-ku berkahéndak ? ” Maka jawab Kherudin “ Ini malam-lah kami miutak buat-kan.” Maka pada malam itu télah dichita pula oleh anak raja ular sépérti maksud Kherudin itu, maka malam itu juga sémua-nya ménjadi dan siap. Maka méndérang-lah chahaya mahligai itn séluroh négri itu, Maka gémpar-lah ségala wazir-wazir dan ségala orang bésar-bésar raja didalam néegriitu. Maka masing- _masing masok ménadap raja, Maka raja itu pun terlalu heiran pula. Maka sajurus sajenang panjang téringat-lah raja akan pér- mintaan-nya kapada Kherudin, maka baharu-lah ia suka hati-nya sérta ia khabar-kan pada ségala wazir-wazir-nya kémdian mas- ing-masing balik ka-rumah-nya. Maka sangat-lah suka hati raja itu mélihat-kan hal pérbuatan Kherudin. ° Maka apabila siang-lah hari bérhimpun-lah sékalian orang isi négri itu méli- hat-kan mahligai anak raja itu, Maka masing-masing heiran- lah. Maka sangat-lah puas masing-masing mémandang pér- buatan yang térlalu ajaib a maka lalu sékalian méreka balik ka-rumah-nya. Kémdian Kherudin pun pérgi-lah ia méngadap ma/nya, lalu bérkata-lah ia ‘“ Pérgi-lah mak péréksa raja itu bila-kah ia héndak kahwin-kan sahaya déngan anak- “nya itu.” Hata maka déngan sabentar itu-lah Siti Rasimah pérgi méngadap raja. Maka sérta sampai ia lalu ményémbah méngangkat kadam jari _sapuloh, kata-nya, ‘‘ Ampun tuanku béribu-ribu ampun, Flarap- kan diampuni kira-nya sémbah patek hamba, sédia lama men- junjong titah, Ada pun patek ini disuroh-kan oleh didik Kherudin akan méméreksa prihal pérjanjian kabawah duli da- R. A. Soc,, No. 46, 1906. 50 - THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. hulu.” Maka sérta ménéngar sémbah Siti Rasimah démkian, — maka termenong-lah raja itu akan fikir didalam hati-nya, ‘‘ Ada pun aku ini dan anak-ku térténtu dari pada bangsa raja zaman — dahulu kala turun témurun, dan Kherudin itu bangsa saudagar. Malu-lah aku ménikah-kan dia, jika didéngar oleh Taja-raja yang lain-lain. Kémdian, jika aku mungkir- -kan sépérti janji, — itu takot aku barang-kali dilanggar- nya négri aku ini déngan sabuntar barang-kali bolehia alah-kan kérana ia orang yang sangat banyak elmu hikmat déngan kasaktian-nya.” Maka didalam itu bértitah-lah raja itu titah-nya, ‘‘ Baik didalam tujoh hari ini kita kahawin-kan-lah.” Hata sétélah Siti Rasimah ménéngar titah raja démkian itu maka ia pun balik - mendapat-kan anak-nya sérta ia khabar-kan sépérti titah raja itu, maka suka-lah hati Kherudin. Kemdian esok hari-nya maka raja ményuroh-kan sa’orang kawan-nya mémanggil sézala wazir-wazir-nya. Maka pada hari itu-lah bérhimpun ségala pérdana méntri-méntri-nya maka dudok-lah raja diatas singga ~ sana takhta karajaan-nya sérta méngluar-kan titah. Maka kata- nya, “ Hai ségala wazir-wazir-ku sékalian ada pun kami sékarang héndak dudok kerja héndak mé-kahwin-kan anak kami yang Leér- nama Pétri Shamsiah déngan anak saudagar nama Kherudin itu.” Maka sémbah sé_ala wazir-wazir itu ‘* Ampun tuanku béribu- ribu ampun ada pun sépérti titah kabawah duli itu sédia térjun- — jong-lah diatas batu képala patek sékalian,” maka sétélah habis- — lah titah raja dan sémbah sé zala wazir-wazir, maka sékalian wa- zir-wazir ini pun ményémbah méngangkat kadam jari sepuloh lalu bérmohon pulang masing-masing karumah-nya, Maka ka-esokan ~ hari-nya maka télah dimulai oleh sékalian pérdana mentri mém- buat pekerjaan raja itu siang sér upa malam dan malam sérupa Siang, gegak xempita- -lah didalam négri itu dan bérh impun-lah sékalian isi néyri. Yane buta datang bérpimpin dan yang chapek datang bértongkat. . Hata télah génap-lah tujoh hari tujoh malam, maka diarak orang-lah Kherudin itu, karumah raja déngan pélabagai jénis pérhiasan. ‘Tambahan pula tuan pétri Shamsiah itu. Dan sérta sampai-lah Kherudin ka-balei péugadapan maka pause sésak | sézala pérdana méntri sida-sida béntara pénghulu nai, * * nai pemanisan chakap sahaja seperti pekan pesara, but it seems _ to operate as a collective. Jour. Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN.| 51 hulubalang rayat bélantara hina-dina sékalian dibilei rong pen- gadapan itu dan raja pun télah hadzir dudok bérsénaiam diatas -singgasana takhta karajaan-nya sérta mémanegcil tuan kadi ia bérwakil minta nikah-kan anak-nya déngan Kherudin. Maka télah datang-lah déngan bértélot ménsangkat kadam jari sapuloh maka télah dikabul oleh tuan kadi itu ménérima wakil raja itu kémdian ménganekat tanean pula ia héndak kémbali balik mén- dapat-kan Kherudin itu. Maka sérta sampai-lah dékat Kheru- din maka disuroh oleh kadi, dudok bertinggol. Kémdian maka tuan kadi pun membacha khatabah nikah. Habis itu lalu tuan kadi zjab kabult déngan Kherudin itu kémdian sélésai, maka télah mendoa-lah tuan kadi pélabagai dor mintak-kan sélamat anak raja dua laki istri dan kapada ayahonda dan bonda-nya, dan séXkalian rayat-bala isi nézri sémua nya, maka télah sélésai- lah doa itu dan dianekat dan dipimpin orang-lah Kherudin masok kadalam istana sérta disanding-kan orang-lah Kherudin déngan tuan pétri Shamsiah itu. Maka sangat-lah bérkénan sévala laki- laki dan pérémpuan, mana-mana yang memandanz-nya sa’olah sa’ umpama bulan dipa var oleh bintange. Kémdian dianekat orang- lah nasi tinggi adap-adapan dénean pelabagai pérhiasan-nya dan bérsuap-suapan-lah laki istri-nya Maka apabila sudah sélésai ‘dari pada bérsuap-suapan kémdian dibawa oleh sida-sida béntara yang pérémpuan masok kadalam pélaminan lalu dijatoh-kan orang-lah tirai tiwangea, yang ka-amasan maka télah bérbagai- lah pujok chumbuan Kherudin akan istri-nya dan istri-nya itu mélaku-kan diri-nya itu sa-umpayna-nya yane amat hina mika télah di-pandang oleh Kherudin istri-nya démkian itu térsangat- -+Rukun nikah itu, lima:—pertama wali, kadua dua orang saksi, katiga laki-laki, ka ampat perempuan, ka lima ijab kabul. When these fundamentals are thoroughly grasped a binding marriage is an easy affairin Mohanedan law. But where they are not eleatly understood the officiating party cannot perform a valid marriage. The formula of bestowal in marriage is the ijab, and it must be instantly _ replied to by the formula of acceptance, the kabul. Inilah laffath ijab :— Abdullah, aku nikahkan dikau akan Si Putimah anak Mohamed _ yang berwakil ta (or if the father is not present substitute wale-nya) akandaku, serta isi kahwin-nya anam puloh tengah tiga ringgit. -Kabulnya, Aku terimalah nikah Si Patimah binti Mohamed serta isi kahwin anam puloh tengah tiga ringgit. 4 R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 52 THE STORY OF KBRERUDIN. lah bélas didalam hati Kherudin sérta dipelok dipangku-nya déngan pelabagai pujok chumbuan pérkataan yang halus-halus manis akan mélipar-kan hati istri-nya‘ maka télah sélésai dari pada hal yang démkian, maka bérkaseh-kaseh-lah Kherudin ini déngan istri-nya. Maka antara bérapa lama-nya ada-lah kapada satu hari maka ini Kherudin héndak pérgi bérburu maka disiap-kan oleh istri-nya déngan pélabagai pérbékalan. Maka pada waktu itu ditinggal-kan-nyachinchin kasaktian itu kapada istri-nya déngan mémbawa lashkar gajah kuda. Kémdian sépéninggal suami-nya pérgi bérburu itu maka dilihat oleh tuan pétri Shamsiah itu chinchin burok péngikat-nya, maka disuroh-nya sa’oranz daiang- daiang-nya pérgi mémangeil sa’ orang tukang china yang number satu didalam négri itu, maka sabuntardatang-lah tukang itu méng- adap tuan pétri, maka dibéri-kan oleh tuan pétri chinchin itu ia mintak ganti péngikat-nya yang térlebeh elok lagi daripada itu. Maka kata tukang itu ‘ Baik-lah,” maka ia pun bérmohon balik sértaia sampai karumah-nya ditatap oleh tukang itu pérmata chinchin itu, maka belum pérnah-pérnah dilihat-nya déngan bigitu chantek-ny». Hata pada malam itu juga ini tukang ia lari mémbawa itu chinchin. Kemdian ada-lah sélang antara dua hari balik-lah Kherudin daripada bérburu itu déngan sébarapa banyak dapat perburuan- nya sérta tiba kapada istri-nya ditanya-kan-nya itu chinchin. Maka jawab istri-nya ia sudah mintak ikat kapada tukang china yang térlébéh elok ikatan-nya. Maka disuroh oleh tuan pétri sa’orang daiang-daiany-nya panggil tukang itu. Maka daiang pun pérgi-lah sérta sampai karumah tukang itu ia dapat khabar sudab lari. Kémdian ini daiang pun bérlari-lah ia méndapat-kan tuan pétri sérta ia sémbah-kan itu tukang sudah lari. Maka di- déngar oleh Kherudin akan perkataan daiang-daiang itu maka ia péngsan tiada khabar-kan diri-nya. Maka tuan pétri dukachita- lah hati-nya akan suami-nyaitu, maka gadoh-lah orang didalam istana itu dan berhimpun-lah ayahanda baginda mélihat-kan © ménantu-nya péngsan itu. Maka déngan hal yang démkian dikatahawi oleh kuching kurap hal tuan-nya itu maka méshuarat-lah ia déngan anjing kurap kata-nya, ‘‘ Apa-lah sudah-nya tuan kita sudah péngsan bébérapa hari sébab hilang chinchin kasaktian yang dibéri oleh Jour, Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 53 anak raja ular itu? Fikir aku patut sangat kita pérgi ménchari itu chinchin kérana sudah dibawa oleh tukang china lari kapada lain négri. Jika kita tiada lalu ménchari-kan sia-sia-lah kita tuan kita mémbéla pélihara kapada kita.” Maka jawab anjing kurap, “‘ Pérgi-lah kamu aku tiada lalu pérgi ménchari-nya.” Maka kata kuching kurap “ Kamu itu bukan-nya tiada lalu sahaja tiada kuasa kérana kamu tiada kaseh akan tuan kamu.” Maka _ jawab anjing kurap ‘“‘ Bukan-nya aku tiada kaseh akan tuan kita itu, kaseh sangat juga, tétapi éntah-kan kamana-mana di-bawa oleh china itu pérgi-nya.” Maka kata kuching, ‘“Jika kamu tiada tahu ménchari, biar-lah aku képala-nya kamu ikut sahaja aku. Apa-apa kata aku mésti kamu buat.” Maka jawab anjing kurap, ‘‘ Jikalau bagitu moh-lah kita pérgi.” Habis méshuarat- nya itu kuching dan anjing pun lalu bérjalan masok hutan kéluar hutan naik gunong turun gunong masok padang kéluar padang, lama-lama bérjumpa-lah déngan sabuah kampong. Maka kata anjing “ Aku tiada lalu bérjumpa lagi, kérana pérut aku térlalu lapar-nya.” Maka sahut kuching “ Aku pun lapar juga. Jikalau bagitu biar aku pérgi ménchari nasi tétapi bérpakat-lah kita, aku sékaranz naik karumah-rumah. Jika ada nasi orang di- dapur apa bila aku térajang-kan katanahsékarang kamu gunggong bawa lari masok hutan.” Maka jawab anjing ‘“ Baik-lah.” Maka bérjalan kuching kurap naik karumah orang maka ditengok-nya ada sébiji periok téngah didapur pérgiia kadapur itu ditérajang- nya itu périok jatoh katanah. Maka datang-lah anjing kurap gunggong bawa masok hutan, maka di-ikut oleh kuching. Tiba- tiba kadalam hutan makan-lah ia bérdua sudah kénnyang pérut masing-masing kuat-lah masing-masing bérjalan itu. Maka kuching kurap pergi-lah ia masok négri itu péréksa akan hal orang bérchakap tiada ia déngar apa-apa hal itu, jadi bérjalan-lah pulak ia bérdua-dua maka trus lalu katépi laut maka dilihat-nya satu pulau. Maka kata kuching kurap, ‘* Barang kaliada china disitu. Patut kita péroi ményémberang Kkapulau itu.” Maka kata anjing kurap, “Jikalau kamu lalu, moh lah kita.” Maka masing-masing bérnang-lah ia kadua didalam laut itu siang malam, lama déngan,kalama’an sampai-lah ia kadua-kadua-nya kapulau itu, lalu naik kadarat bérjalan-lah kuching kurap déngan anjing kurap ditépi pantéi itu. Maka kata anjing, ‘‘ Hai kuching kurap, aku ini tiada lalu bérjalan lagi R. A. Soc., No. /46, 1906. 54— ‘THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. kérana pérut aku sangat lapar-nya.” Maka jawab kuching, “ Kita chari-lah ditépi laut ini, barang kali ada ikan ditépi pantel ini boleh kita makan.” Kémdian sebuntar lagi bérjalan jumpa- lah ia déngan sa’ekor ikan bésar, maka kata kuching, ‘“ Ini-lah dia ikan boleh kita makan.” Maka dimakan-lah oleh anjing dan kuching itu ikan. Habis itu lalu ia kadua bérjalan tiap-tiap malam ménéngar-kan hal chinaitu barang kali ada didalam pulau itu, maka tiada juga. Maka kata kuching, ‘“ Apa akhtiar kita lagi?” Maka jawabanjing, ‘“ Aku tidak tahu lagi, apa fikiran kamu aku méngikut sahaja.” Maka kata kuching, “ Baik kita pérgikapada lain négri, barang kali ada china disitu.” Maka bérnang-lah palak ia kadua pérei kapada lain néori. | Maka lama déngan kalama’an sampai-lah ia kapada satu négri lalu naik kadarat. Maka kata anjing, ‘ Hai kuching, aku tiada Jalu lagi bérjalan kérana aku sangat lapar.” Maka kata ku- ch ng, * Nanti-lah kamudisini biar aku ménchari makan.” Kém-_ dian bérjalan-lah ia lama-lama bérjumpa-lah ia déngan orang téngah ményalaiikan maka dudok-lah 1a bérlindong di dalam rumput-rumput. Makasapéninggal tuan salai pérgi makan nasi makan di-ambil-nya ikan lima anam ikor laludibawa-nya kapada anjiag, lalu ia makan. sama-sama déngan anjing itu, maka — masing-masing pun sudah kénnyang bér-jalan-lahia kadua-nya. Maka hari pun malam pérgi-lah ia karumah tukang amas, orang china, maka fikir kuching, ‘ Barangkali ini-lah rumah china yang ménachuri chin-chin tuan kita itu.” Maka kata anjing ‘¢ Apa-akhtiar kamu héndak méngambil chinchia itu, jikalau ada chinchin itudi-dalam rumah ini.” Maka jawab kuching, ‘* Ada-lah akbtiar aku, maka rupa nya bétul sunggoh-lab towkeh di-dalam rumah itu méngambil chinchin itu.” Maka kata kuching. ‘“ Baik kamu _nanti di-sabélah pintu ini dan aku nanti di-sabélah pintu darat, maka jikalau kamu jumpa tikus puteh boleh kamu tanokap, tétapi jangan di-bunoh.” Maka jawab anjing, ‘‘ Baik-lah ;” maka masing ménunggu pintu, satu sa’orang. Kemdian lama-lama kita-kira sa- nee malam lalu sa’ekor tikus puteh pada pehak kuching, maka di- “tangkap oleh kuching ini tikus puteh. Maka kata tikus puteh, ‘ Jangan-lah aku di- makan.” Maka jawab kuching, ‘‘ Aku héndak makan juga.” Maka ini tikus raja ségala tikus di-dalam négri itu, maka antara dém- Jour. Straits Branch i aia THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 55 kian datang-lah ségala orang bésar-bésar raja tikus itu maka kata sa’orang wazir raja tikus, ‘‘ Jangan-lah toh kuching, di- makan raja kami itu. Sabarang ka-héndak boleh kami tolong.” Maka kata kuching, ‘“‘ Baik : ada satu chinchin kasaktian di-dalam péti towkeh rumah ini tujoh lapis, boleh kamu ambil itu chinchin ini malam juga. Jikalau dapat itu chinchin aku lépas-kan raja kamu ini, jika tidak téntu aku makan juga.” Maka jawab wazir tikus itu “ Baik-lah jika ada téntu dapat juga ini malam.” Maka _ bér-kérah-lah wazir tikus itu sékalian rayat-nya di-suroh-nya korek péti china itu. Maka di-korek-lah oleh tikus yang banyak itu témbus satu-satu pula, témbus satu pula hingga katujoh lapis-nya, maka apabila sudah témbus péti yang tujoh-nya itu, maka ada sa’orang hulubalang tikus itu masok-lah ia ka-dalam péti itu di-chari-chari-nya di-dalam péti itu ada satu bungkus kain kéchil sahaja di-rasa’i tikus itu bétul ada chinchin di-dalam-nya. Maka ia bawa keluar lalu di-béri-kan-nya kapada_ kuching itu. Maka di-ténzok oleh kuching itu chinchin bétul chinchin tuan- nya, maka di-lépas-kan oleh kuching raja tikus itu maka raja tikus pun bér-jalan Jah ia déngan sékalian rayat bélantara-nya dan kuching . pun suka-lah hati-nya pérgi méndapat-kan anjing kurap. Maka kata kuching, “ Hai, anjing kurap, chinchin tuan kita sudah aku dapat. Mari-lah kita bér-jalan balik.” Dan chin- chin itu kuching mémbawa-nya di-dalam mulut di-tar h-nya. Kémdian apabila siang-lah hari bérnang-lah kuching déngan anjing mélalui laut yang amat bésar itu maka kuching itu tiada-lah bérasa pénat dan lélah oleh bérkat tuah chinchin itu dan anjing bérasa-lah ia pénat dan lélah badan-nya. Maka _ kata anjing, ‘ Hai kuching biar-lah aku mémbawa itu chinchin pula kérana aku téngok kamu ségar sahaja.” Maka kata kuching, ‘‘Kamu tiada boleh bawa ini chinchin. Barang kali jatoh pula sékarang.” Maka kata anjing, ‘‘ Tidak jatoh.” Maka kata kuching, ‘“ Baik-lah,’ maka dibéri-lah kuching itu chinchin kapada anjing, maka di-ambil oleh anjing lalu di-ma- sok-kan-nya kapada mulut-nya. Maka ia pun kuatlah sédikit. — Maka lama déngan kalama’an-nya jatoh pula ini chinchin ka- dalam laut. Maka kata anjing ‘“‘ Hai kuching, chinchin tuan kita sudah jatoh ka-dalam laut.” Maka kata kuching “ Tadi aku -sudah kata, jikalau kamu bawa jatoh ini chinchin, maka kata kamu tidak. _ Sékarang sudah jatoh. Apa-lahhal kita héndak R.A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 56: THE STORY OF ee : méngambil-nya?” Maka masing-masing bérnang-lah~ lalu- sampai ka-pulau singgah-lah kuching dan anjing di-pulau itu. — ‘* Baik ber-jalan di-tépi pantai Taut itu. maka dilihat oleh kuching ada sa’ikor ikan terguling ditépi pantai itu, maka fikir — kuching, ‘* Ini-lah ikan bésar pérut, aku pun lapar boleh-lah aku makan ini ikan.’ Maka kata kuching, ‘ Hai, anjing, mari-lah kita makan ini. Ada ikan mati boleh kita makan dahulu, kér- ana pérut pun sangat lapar-nya.” Maka bér-lari-lari-lah anjing itu, tiba-tiba lalu ia makan sahaja dan kuching pun makan pula. Maka anjing itu makan pada pérut ikan itu, maka témbus_ ka- dalam-nya maka dilihat oleh anjing ada-lah sabéntok chinchin. Maka kata anjine, ‘‘ Aku jumpa sabéntok chinchin didalam pérut ikan ini.” Maka kata kuching “ Mari aku téngok.” Maka di- béri-kan oleh anjing rupa-nya bétul pulak chinchin yang jatoh — itu, lalu diambil oleh kuching dimasok-kan-nya ka-dalam mulut- nya. Maka kata kuching ‘ Marikita bérnang balik.’” Maka kadua-nya pun bérnang-lah. Kémdian lama déngan kalama’an-nya sampai-lah ae nya kapada satu négri bér-jalan-lah kadua-nya siang sarupa malam. dan malam sarupa siang, lama déngan kalama’an-nya_ sampai-lah ia kadua kapada néeri tuan-nya, lalu ia masok di- bawah rumah tuan-nya dan Kherudin itu maseh layvi didalam péngsan-nya. Maka ini kuching héndak dékat tiada-lah dibéri orang. Maka pada waktu téngah malam orang pun sémua-nya tidor naik kuching ini dékat tuan-nya lalu di-létak-kan-nya chin- chinitu di-atas dada tuan-nya itu. Kémdian bérsin-lah Kherudin ini laluia sédar daripada péngsan-nya dan masok-lah ia kada- lam péraduan-nya laki istri-nya dan sémua-sémua-nya orang tidak sédar térkéjut pagi-pagi hari dilihat oleh orang bér-tung- gu sudahtiada lagi Kherudin pada témpat-nya péngsan itu jadi gadoh-lah- orang didalam istana. Maka di-sémbah-kan orang-lah kapada raja méngata-kan “Sri paduka anakinda Kherudin sudah tiada ia pada témpat péngsan-nya itu.” Dan raja itu pun duka chita-lah hati-nya ménéngar-kan hal yang démkian itu. Kémdian didalam antara itu matahari pun tuleh téngeala ia itu angkat kéning, maka tuan pétri Shamsiah pun kéluar-lah déri dalam péraduan-nya maka dikétahui-nya-lah orang gadoh didalam istana-nya kahilangan suami-nya. Maka kata tuan pétri pada sa’orang daiang ‘“ Pérgi-lah kamu daiang- _ Jour. Straits Branch THE STORY OF KHERUDIN. 57 daiang sémbah-kan kapada ayah itu Kherudin ia sudah siuman daripada péngsan-nya. Ada ia didalam péraduan- nya itu.” Maka daiang-daiang itu pun déngan ségéra-lah bér-lari-lari méngadap raja sémbah- -nya, ‘ Ampun tuanku béribu-ribu ampun ada pun patek ini datang méngadap kabawah duli di-titah-kan oleh sri paduka anakinda tuan pétri titah-nya ada pun sépérti anakinda Kkerudin ada ia sudah siuman daripada péngsan-nya ada ia didalam péraduan anakinda itu.” Maka sérta raja ménéngar-kan sémbah daiane-daiang itu maka raja hilang-lah duka-chita-nya. Maka sa-péninggal daiang-daiang pérgi méngadap rajaitu Kherudin pun bangkit-lah daripada béradu itu lalu bér-siram kadua-laki istri-nya sétélah sudah bér-siram lalu santap kadua laki istri-nya.. Maka bér-kaseh-kaseh kadua laki istri-nya. Maka Jama déngan kalama-an-nya télah di-ganti-kan oleh raja itu akan Kherudin-lah ménjadi raja didalam négri itu dan salama ia ménjadi raja itu bér-tambah aman dan ma’mor di- daiam négri itu sérta di-gélar akandia Sultan Kherudin Shah oleh ia sangat pandai bijak laksana pada béla pélihara di-atas rayat bala isi négri-nya dan méngaseh anak dagang sénétri dan bér-tambah-tambah-lah yah mashur nama yang ka- Pus -an sémérata négri-néeri. Maka ada-lah pada satu hari di-panggil-nya-lah ségala orang bésar-bésar dan sékalian saudara-nya. Maka dudok-lah Sultan Kherudin di-atas takhta karaja-an-nya dan bérhimpun- lah sékalian orang, Maka pada waktu itu télah di-létak-nya abang-nya yang tua sékali akan ménjadi wazir yang bésar sékali didalam négri itu, dan saudara-nya yang lima orang itu di-jadi-kan-nya gombala kérbau dan lémbu dan kambing dan biri-biri dan ayam masing-masing déngan jawatan-nya. Maka kékal-lah ia dudok di-atas takhta karaja’an-nya salama-lama- | nya. Wallahu alam. a R.A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. St) = ss ope see 3 . oe uae et : ? re By *) - ary | \ z i ke .- 4 49 Oe bs : wy 4 “7 " ' € i ae, i ay 4 ‘ 4) + ‘ Pa Senik and his Son-in-law Awang. By G. M. LAIDLAW. [A story by Mat Nordin of Kota Stia. No information can be had as to its source beyond the fact he learnt it when he was a boy.—G. M. L.] There is a story that once in the olden time there lived a man who was called Pa Senik. He had a daughter named Senik ‘and they lived in one house together. New their occupation was the cultivation of a garden of bananas, and in this garden of theirs they had ever so many kinds. ‘here also lived at this time aman called Awang. This Awang gota friend to go and betroth Pe Senik’s daughter. Pa Senik said, “Tf this Awang can give me on account of the expenses of the marriage of my daugbter two hundred and fifty banana stems, I will take him as my son-in-law.” So the envoy returned to Awang and told him what Pa Senik had said. Awang replied, ‘I can bring as many stems as that.” So the envoy returned once more to Pa Senk and said, “ Awane can bring you the sum that you wish.” Then Pa Senik said, “Taccept him. The marriage can take place in three days.” So the man returned to Awang and told him, and Awang said, ‘‘ Very well.” Threedays after Pa Senik married his daugh- ter to Awang. But the marriage feast consisted of nothing but all sorts of bananas. Awang lived happily with his wife. He made a garden of bananas in order that he might be able to pay his marriage expenses. One day Awang went out fishing. He got a few. He ordered his wife to make a curry, which she did. hen he invited his father-in-law. So his father-in-law came to dinner. Now it seems that Pa Senik was a little deaf. Awang noticed Jour. Straits Branch, R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 60 PA SENIK AND HIS SON-IN-LAW AWANG. that his father-in-law sometimes poured the gravy of his curry on his rice and that sometimes he sucked it up. So he said, ‘I'he more gravy the more he sups it up. Yet he is not strong enough to set a fish trap for himself.” His father-in-law said, ‘‘ What did you say, Awang ?” : ‘¢T was just thinking that you are most fortunate and that you are indeed skilled in 1 searching for a livelihood. You have no need to pay court to religion.” ‘‘ What you say is very true indeed.” Now the real reason that Awang had invited his father- in-law to dinner was that as long as ever he had lived there next his father-in-law, his father-in-law had never given him a single banana. And yet though he wanted to ask for one, he was ashamed to do so. . Some time later Awang one day went again into the | jungle to look for some fish and he found a certain pond which was very deep. By the edye of the pond there was a very big tree. Awang began fishing. He cavght quite a lot of fish. At last he had caught as many as he could carry. Then he came home. His father-in-law saw him come home so heavily ladenand asked him where he had got the fish. Awang answered, “I went into the jungle and found a pond which I fished.” . “What bait did you use? ” ‘A golden banana which was quite ripe.” “ [T would like to go and fish to-morrow for I have never yet fished in all my life.” “Very well: but you had better wait a bit till I have cleared the road a bit and it will be easier walking for you.’ The next day Awang made a very crooked ‘trail but his own was quite straight. After that his father-in-law set. off to go fishing and took withhim two whole combs of golden bananas. Awang carefully counted the number of tha bananas. After this his father-in-law set off. Awang pointed out the very crooked road but he himself set off on the straight one and reached the pond first. He got into the pond and waited for his father-in-law to arrive. In a little while he turned up. He uncoiled his line and baited it with a golden banana. But Awang snatched his father-in-law’s line and Jour. Straits’ Branch PA SENIK AND HIS SON-IN-LAW AWANG., 61 took the bait off and ate it. Then his father-in-law. lowered the line again and Awang eat the bait once more. And so it went on till there was only about one banana Jeft. Then Awang snatched hold of the line and his father-in-law fell sprawling into the pond. Awang seized him and kept on duck- ing him under the water and saying, ‘“‘ Pa Senik, why don’t you give Awang some bananas? If you don’t give him some I will really kill you.” ~ “Let me go. And when I get back to the house I will give Awang ever so many bananas.” So Awang let his father-in-law get out and climb upon to the bank and go home. But he (Awang) went home direct and got home first. He sat down at the door of his house and waited for his father-in-law. ‘* Well, did you get many fish ?”’ ‘“‘ You have cheated me, Awang.”” - ‘** How have I cheated you: cae ‘“‘ There is a very big evil spirit in that pond. I never vot a single fish. But I kept on lowering my bait till it was nearly finished. And then just when I had got to the very last piece, my line was dragged and | fell into the water, and then I was ducked down under the water again and again while he said to me, ‘ Why don’t you give Awang some bananas?’ ‘Then I promised to give you some.” Then Awang said, ‘“‘ Had you not better vive me them quickly as you have vowed? Otherwise perhaps to-morrow or the day after you may fall ill. You will feel rather stupid later when you are pitied by your children.” Then his father-in-law took all sorts of bananas and gave them to Awang. ‘Then he ate them very vulgarly, saying, ‘“ Ahum, ahum, now l’ve got some one else’s bananas.” His father-in-law said, ‘‘ What are you saying, Awang? ” ‘* Nothing, Sir. I was only saying that you had made a vow and that Heaven had mercifully spared you.” ‘¢ Pray for me Awang, pray for me.’ Then he added, “ Do. you want any more bananas,A wang ? Kat until you have had quite enough.” And Awang answered, ‘ ‘To-morrow I would like some more, sir.” R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906, 62 PA SENIK AND HIS SON-IN-LAW AWANG. Pa Senik. Alkisah maka ada-lah pada masa zaman dahulu kala, maka ada-lah satu orang nama Pa’ Senik, dan ada anak-nya nama Senik pérémpuan dudok ini orang anak-béranak didalam satu rumah, ada-lah usaha-nya siang dan malam bérkéoun pisang, maka bérbagai-lah bangsa pisany ada kapada-nya. Kémdian : ~ ada sa’orang laki-laki nama Awang. Kémdian di suroh oleh Si Awang kapada satu orans pula akan méminang anak Pa’Sénik itu; Maka kata Pa’sénik, “ Jikilau lalu Si Awane itu mém- bawa-kan bélanja anak sahaya itu déngan dua ratus lima puloh — pérdu pisang boléh sahaya térima.” Kéindian ini oranz pun khabar-kan pada Si Awang sépérti pérkata’an Pa’Senik itu. — Maka kata si Awang, ‘“Lalu-lah sahaya mémbawa-kan sa- banyak itu.” Kémdian ini orang balik pula pada Pa’Senik, maka kata orang itu “ Lalu-lah itu Si Awang mémbawa bélanja sabanyak maksud Pa’Senik.” Maka kata Pa’senik “ Sahaya térima-lah, didalam tiga hari ini sahaya boléh nikah-kan.” Kémdian_balik-lah ini orang khabar-kan kapada Si A wang. Maka kata Awang “ Baik-lah.” Maka didalam tiga hari tu Pa’Senik pun ménikah-kan anak-nya déngan SiAwang dan_ bér-khanduri-lah déngan pélabagai jénis pisang sahaja. Maka dudok-lah Si Awang bérsuka suka-an déngan pérémpuan-nya — sérta ia mémbuat kébun pisane akan mémbayar blanja pérém-. puan-nya. Kémdian ada satu hari pérgi-lah ini Si Awanz ménchari ikan dapat-lah kadar sédikit-sédikit, maka disuroh oléh Si Awang gulai itu ikan kapada pérémpuan-nya, maka digulai-lah oléh pérémpuan-nya. Maka diajak oleh Si Awang méntua-nya makan bér-sama-sama. Maka makan-lah méntua- nya itu bér-sama-sama Si Awang. Maka ada-lah méntua-nya pékak-pékak bahasa sédikit, maka di-dalam téngah makan itu dilihat oleh Si Awang ini méntua-nya térkadang dituang-nya kuah gulai kadalam nasi-nya dan térkadang dihirup-nya. — Maka kata Si Awang, “Tuan ini lagi bérkuah lagi bérhirup, ménahan bubu tidak kuasa.” Maka kata méntua-nya itu, ‘* Apa kata kamu Awang?” Maka jawab Si Awang ‘Sahaya ter- kénang-kan tuan itu lagi bértuah lagi pandai bérhidup ménuntut almu tidak kuasa.’’ Maka kata méntua-nya ** Bénar sékali-lah kata anak-ku itu.” Maka ada-lah sébab diajak oleh Si Awang Jour. Straits Branch ~ : PA SENIK AND HIS SON-IN-LAW AWANG., 63 méntua-nya itu makan bér-sama-sama kérana bébérapa lama sudah ini Si Awang dudok bér-sama-sama di situ bélum pérnah ini méntua-nya itu mémbéri sabiji pisang kapada Si Awang ini dan Si Awang héndak mintak kapada méntua-nya itu ia malu. Kémdian ada- “lah satu hari yang lain pérgi pula ménchari ikan masok ia kadalam hutan maka bérjumpa-lah ia déngan sabuah kolam sangat dalam-nya dan ditépi kolam itu ada sapoko’ kayu bésar. Maka méngail-lah itu Si Awane didalam kolam itu. Maka banyak-lah Si Awang dapat ikan hingea sarat ia mémbawa ikan itu. Kémdian ia pun balik, maka dilihat oleh méntua Si Awang itu Si Awany sarat mémbawa ikan, maka kata-nya “ Dimana kamu dapat ikanitu Awang?” Maka jawab Si Awange ‘¢ Sahaya masok ka-dalam hutan bérjumpa sabuah kolam di situ- lah sahaya mengail, Maka kata méntua-nya “ Api kamu umpan- kan Awang ?’ “Maka kata Si Awang, ‘ Pisang amas yang masak - masak.” Maka kata méntua Si Awang, “Hsok aku héndak mérasa méngail kérana sa’omar hidop aku ini bélum pérnah aku méngail.” Maka jawab Si Awang, ‘“ Baik tétapi nanti dahulu sahaya térangkan jalan baik supaya sénang tuan bérjalan.” Kémdian esok hari-nya Si Awang buat-lah satu jalan yang sangat béngkok-nya dan ia punya jalan elok bétul. Habis itu ini méntua-nya pun héndak pérgi méngail itu di bawa-nya pisang amas dua sikat. Maka ini pisanz dibilane si Awang banyak sédikit-nya. Habis itu) méntua-nya pun bérjalan “ditunjok- kan-nya pada jalan vang béngkok-béng- kok itu dan dia ikut jalan yane bétul. Maka dahulu-lah sampai Si Awang pada kolam itu.. Maka térjun-lah Si Awang- masok kadalam kolam itu ménanti méntua-1ya. Sabuntar lagi tiba-lah méntua-nya itu sérta méngulor kail-nya dan diumpan- kan-nya déngan pisang amas. Maka ditanskap oleh Si Awang kail méntua-nya itu di-ambil-nya umpan-nya itu lalu di-makan- nya. Kémdian di-hulor juga oleh méntua-nya dan di-makan- nya juga démkian sélalu bagitu j juga. Ada-lah kira-kira tinggal satu biji pisange, maka di- hular juga oleh méntua-nya maka di-tangkap oleh Si Awang kail méntua-nya sérta ditarek-kan- | nya kail itu ka-dalam ayer. Maka térsungkur-lah méntua-nya masok ka-dalam kolam itu lalu di-tékan tékan- -nya méntua-nya ~ di-dalam ayer itu sérta kata, ‘““ Méngapa kamu, Pa’Senik, tidak bagi Si Awang makan pisang? Jikalau tidak kamu bagi ro) R. A. Soc. No. 46, 1906. 64 PA SENIK AND AIS SON-IN-LAW AWANG. Awangs makan pisang téntu kamu aku bunoh.” Maka jawab méntua-nya “‘ Lépas-kan-lah aku ; tiba aku ka-rumah boleh aku bagi Si Awang makan pisang banyak-binyak.” - Maka sudah itu di-lépas-kan-nya-lah méntua-nya lalu ia naik kadarat lange- song ia balik ka-rumah-nya. Dan Si Awang pun balik ia dahulu dudok ia di-muka pintu dan méntua-nya tiba kémdian. Maka kata Si Awange ‘“ Banyak-kah tuan dapat ikan?” Maka jawab méntua-nya “ Kamu tipu aku rupa-nya Awang.” Maka kata Awang ‘‘Apa sahaya tipu kapada tuan?” Maka kata méntua-nya, “Itu kolam sangat bésar hantu-nya, sa’ekor ikan pun tidak aku dapat, di-hulur-hulur habis umpan-nya, maka pada umpan yang péngabis ditarék-nya kail aku dan aku pun tér-jatoh ka-dalam ayer lalu ditékan tékan-nya aku sérta kata- nya; ‘Méngapa tidak kamu bagi Si Awang makan pisang ? Maka jikalau tidak dibagi, kamu aku bunoh,’ Maka aku pun méngaku-lah mémbéri kamu makan pisany.” Maka kata Si Awang ‘ Tuan baik ségéra-kan sépérti nazar tuan itu esok lusa éntah-kan tuan sakit pula jadi sésal bébal pulak anak.” Maka méntua-nya méngambil pisang macham-macham jénis dibéri-kan- nya kapada Si Awang, maka Si Awang pun makan-lah sérta ber-sédawa kata-nya “Aham-ham paku; pisane orang, pisang aku” Maka kata méntua-nya itu, “‘ Apa kata kamu Awanyg ?” “Tidak apa, tuan: kata sahaja tuan bérnazar sama sahaya dilépas-kan Allah méntua sahaya.” Maka kata méntua-nya ‘ Doa-kan-lah Awang kapada aku.” Sérta kata-nya ‘* Hendak- kah lagi pisang, Awang? Makan-lah puas-puasam.” Maka jawab Awang “ Esok-esok pula tuan.” Jour. Straits Branch ERRATA. The MSS of the two articles entitled the Baboon Pak S: Bagok and the Girl,” and “ A Pelandok Tale” having been ‘given inadvertently to the printers before being finally edited, the following alterations should be noted, viz :— For Pa Si Bagok read Pak Si Bagok throughout. For Tok Allang tree read toalang tree throughout. Forroe deer read barking deer throughout. For deer read sambhur deer throughout. p. 79,1. 11. for hands read hams. p. 70, |. 11. for nothin read nothing. p. 75, 1.12. forthee read the. p-. 75, 1. 27. for shout read snout. Omit the foot note on p. 65 and observe that many words on pp. 68 to 71 that begin with capital letters should be in ordinary type merely. The Baboon Pa Si Bagok and the Girl. By G. M. LAIDLAW. a An earlier story by Penghulu Mat Nordin refers to this big baboon. But this is the only other story of Pa Si Bagok that I can find. No further information or additional stories can be had. Nor can the story teller give any history of the tale. It has nothing to do with Hanuman (“ Handoman.’’) Once upon a time there was a certain poor man and his wife who lived in a clearing in the jungle. Now these two had a daughter. Every day the husband and his wife went off to their clearing and left their daughter alone in the house. One _ day while they were away a big baboon found this girl. When she saw him she was very frightened and all her joints and bones shivered because of her fear of the baboon. But she disguised her feelings by talking. The baboon on his part fell deeply in love with the girl and wished to make her his wife. The girl said, ‘ How are you so wet, Pa Si Bagok (ee ‘TI have just been fishing with a casting net.” “Tf you have been fishing, where is your casting net?” “I left ina térap tree. If I left it there nobody will _ know.” ‘ But if you have been fishing, where are the fish?” “I left them in the river, so that nobody should know.” “Why is your head so flat?” ‘Because I wear an Arab cap every day.” ” Where i is-your cap?” “ T left it in the house.” | Why are your fingers so bent ?”’ ‘ Because I hold a pen every day.” [ NoTE.—A great many common nouns jin the Malay are im- properly typed with a capital]. Jour. S, B, R. A. Soc., No. 46,;1906, 66 THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE ois “Tf you use a pen every day where is it?” “T left it in my box. If I left it in the box no one ae know.” Why do you sit like that, Pa Si Bagok?” — ‘“ Because I am used to sitting on a mat every day.” “Tf you do so, where is the mat?” “The mat is in a princess’ house where nobody knows.” After that the baboon carried her away to the top of a Tok Allang tree. The girl cried. After the girl had been - : carried away by the baboon her father and mother came back ~ from their clearing and found that their daughter had disappeared. They too wept. “ Alas my daughter, where can you have gone to? Who can have carried you off? What evil spirit, what jin, can have had the heart to carry you away?” Both her father and her mother were very very sorry that their daughter had disappeared. The baboon made a small hut on the top of the Tok Allang tree for his wife. Every day he went to find food and water for her and also to find clothes. After a time the girl became pregnant and bore a son. The child was half man and half baboon. Two months after this the girl thought of a — plan by which she could escape back to her father and mother. So she ordered Pa Si Bagok to — for a joint of the bétong bamboo. He said, “ What are you going to. use it for?” “I want to bathe our child. Just think for what a long time it has never been bathed.” Pa Si Bagok thought that this was all right so he went to look for a bétong bamboo and in a short time he found one. So he came back with a joint. Then his wife took it gently and made a hole in the bottom. Then she said. ‘Pa Si Bagok, go and fill the bamboo full of water. If it is not quite full it won’t do.” So Pa Si Bagok took the bamboo and went to a place where the water was beautiful and clear, and filled the bamboo ~ there. Then he went away for a moment. When he came back he saw that it was no longer fuil. Then he filled it to Jour, Straits Branch THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE GIRL. 67 the es and went away again. But the water leaked again. And so it went on all day till evening. While Pa Si Bagok was away getting the water his wife took her child’s cradle which was made. of térap bark and lengthened it till it reached to the ground. Then she climbed down to the ground and ran away with her child to the villages. At last she reached a house by the edge of a clearing and asked where the house of her parents was. She ran off again as soon as she was told for she was afraid that Pa Si Bagok was behind her. In a little while she reached her home. Her parents were extremely glad to see their daughter with her child, half monkey, half man. Then they thought, “What are we to do? For she is sure to be followed by this-baboon. We had ‘better make some magic.” So they made a very deep hole and placed some banana stems. at the bottom. He said, “ If that baboon comes now, I will tell him that his wife and child have died and that this is their grave.’ At last when Pa Si Bagok was tired out and had not been able to fill the bamboo, and it was nearly nightfall, he thought, “T had better go back and ask my wife what she means.” So he returned to the Tok Allang tree. But when he got there he - found that his wife and child had disappeared. He was very grieved, but as it was night he could do nothing. He got. no sleep all that night. At daybreak he started off in a great hurry. He met a man and asked him about his wife and child. “ Hai sir, have you noticed a woman carrying a child pass this way ?” The man replied that he had not. To every person that he met he put the same ce At last he reached her parents’ house. There he asked her father, “Has your daughter come back bringing her child with her ?”’ “She did: but they have both died.” “What has happened that both of them have died ?” “She travelled too fast. For she was afraid of you. She thought that if you found her you would kill her. So she was quite worn out and both of them have died.” ‘If they are dead where is the grave oe “Come and let us go and see it.’ R. A.Soe., No. 46, 1906, 68 THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE GIRL. Now the girl’s father had made an arrangement with three ov four men when he made the grave that if they got the baboon in it, it was to be filled in again from the top. When Pa Si Bagok reached the grave he began to dig it up. Now these other men were waiting on the top, and when Pa Si Bagok was right down into the hole they filled in again from the top. And so Pa Si Bagok died. THE END. Maka ada-lah suatn zaman dahulu kala satu kélamin Orang miskin dudok-lah ia Laki Bini-nya pada satu témpat pér- buat Ladang déngan satu buah Rumah kéchil, Maka ada-lah ia sa-Orang anak-nya Pérémpuan, Maka pada tiap-tiap hari ini miskin pérgi-lah ia Laki Bini-nya bér-kerja Ladang dan ting gal- lah anak-nya di-Rumah satu Orang diri-nya. Maka pada suatu hari sapéninggal Mak Bapa-nya pérgi ka-Ladang, Maka datang- lah sa-Ekor Bérok Jantan méndapat-kan Budak Pérémpuan, Maka sérta tér-pandang-nya itu Bérok sangat-lah géméntar séndi tulang-nya oleh sangat katakutan mélihat Bérok itu sérta di-samar-nya déngan bér-kata-kata. Dan Bérok sangatingin dan bérahi di-dalam hati-nya bér-kahéndak Budak ini akan jadi Pérémpuan-nya. Kémdian kata Budak Pérémpuan itu, ‘ Deri- mana Pak Se-Baguk bér-basah ini?” Jawab-nya “ Aku datang déri-menjala.” Maka kata Budak ini “ Jikalau Pak Se-Baguk datang déri-ménjala mana jala-nya? ” Maka jawab-nya “ Jala tinggal di-Pokok Térap Jikalau Jala tinegal di-Pokok Térap Siapa tiada tahu.” “ Dan (es Pak Se-Baguk ménjala mana Ikan-nya?” Jawab-nya “Ikan ada tinggal di-dalam Sunget Siapa tiada tahu.” ‘ Apa kéna képala Pak Se- -Baguk pipeh ? ” Jawab-nya ‘“‘ Mémakai Kupiah Arab sa-hari-hari.” “ Jikalau Memakai Kupiah sa-hari-hari, Mana Kupiah-nya?” ‘“ Kupiah tinggal di-Rumah.” ‘Apa kéna jari Pak Se-Baguk serong ?” Jawab-nya ‘‘ Méméeang Kalam sa-hari-hari.” “ Jikalau Méme- gang Kalam sa-hari-hari mana Kalam-nya ?” “ Kalam tinggal di-dalam peti. Jikalau Kalam tinggal di-dalam peti siapa tiada tabu.” ~ “ Apa kena punggong Pak Se-Baguk merah sérta belu- lang?” Jawab-nya “ Dudok di-atas Chiau sa-hari-hari.” “ Jikalau dudok di-atas Chiau sa-hazi-hari mana Chiau-nya ? ”’ ‘‘Chiau ada tinggal di-Rumah Tuan Pétéri Siapa tiada tahu.”? ~ Jour, Straits Branch THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE GIRL. 69 Kémdian lalu di-bawa oleh itu, Ini budak bawak naik ka-atas Pokok Tok Alany, Maka ménangis Budak Pérémpuan itu. Maka sapéninggalan Budak ini di-bawa oleh Bérok balek Mak Bapak-nya déri Ladang di lihat-nya anak-nya sudah tiada lalu- lah ménangis, ‘‘ Wahai-anak-aku kamana-lah garangan-nya siapa-lah yang mémbawa-nya ? Hantu mana Jin mana-lah yang sampel Hati mémbawa anak-aku itu.” Maka sangat-lah duka _chita Mak Bapak- -nya itu oleh kuhilangan anak-nya itu. Shahadan maka ini Bérok pun di “perbuat- -nya-lah pondok- pondok di-atas Pokok Tok Alang itu akan témpat Pérémpuan- nya itu Maka ini Bérok sa-hari-hari pérgi ia ménchari makan dan mémbawa ayer akan Pérémpuan-nya itu dan ménchari-kan kahin pérémpuan-nya itu, Maka lama déngan ka-lama-an-nya ini Budak pun Bunting-lah ia kira-kira sampei-lah waktu héndak beranak. Maka bLér-anak-lah Budak Pérémpuan itu sa-kérat Manusia dan se-kérat sépérti Bérok juga di-atas Pokok Tok Alang itu. Maka ada-lah antara dua Bulan kémdian déri-pada sudah bér-anak itu, Maka ini Pérémpuan pun datang-lah pikiran- nya mémbuat suatu masa-Hlah ia hendak balik pada Ibu Bapak- nya, Maka suatu hari di-suroh-nya chari satu ruas Buloh Bétong pada Pak Se-Baguk, Maka kata Pak Se-Baguk ‘Apa guna itu Buloh?” Jawab Pérémpuan-nya ‘“ Sahaya héndak mémandi- — kan anak kita ini kérana bér-apa lama-nya sudah tiada pérnah mandi.” Maka bénar-lah pada pikiran Pak Se-Baguk itu, Maka ia pun pérgi-lah ménchari Buloh Bétong itu tiada-lah bér-apa lama-nya Pak Se-Baguk pun balek mémbawa Buloh Betong itu satu ruas, Kémdian di-ambil oleh Pérémpuan itu Buloh plan-plan lalu di-tébok-nya Buloh itu déri bawah, Maka kata-nya ‘ Pak Se-Baguk pérgi-lah ambil ayer biar pénoh Buloh ini jika tiada pénoh téntu-lah tiada chukup sékarang.” Maka Pak Se-Baguk ambil Buloh itu lalu ia pérgi pada témpat ayer yang Hlok jérneh- nya, Maka ia Isi-lah Buloh itu déngan ayer, Maka bér-jalan sa- buntar di-lihat- -nya ayer di-dalam Buloh itu sudah luak, Maka balek pula mengisi ayer méménoh-kan Buloh itu Ké mdian bér- jalan pula sa- buntar di-lihat luak j juga ayer itu bagitu-lah sa- hari-hari itu hingga pétang hari, Kemdian sapéninggalan Pak Se-Baguk itu méngambil ayer, Maka ini Pérémpuan di-ambil térap Buaian anak-nya di-Ubong-Ubone hingga sampai ka- tanah, Maka ia pun lalu turun mémbawa anak-nya ikut tali R A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 70 THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE GIRL. Térap itu sérta sampai ka-tanah ia bér-kéjar-kéjar-lah séhaja menuju Kampong Orang, Maka lama dengan ka-lama-an-nya sampei-lah ia pada Rumah Orang di-tépi Ladange, Maka bertanya- lah ia akan Rumah Mak Bapak-nya, Maka _ di-khabar-kan Orang-lah, Maka ia ber-kejar juga takut di-turut Pak Se-- Baguk déri bélakang sabuntar lagi sampei-lah ia ka-Rumah Mak Bapak-nya, Maka sangat-lah suka-chita Mak Bapak-nya akan melihat-kan anak-nya datang itu déngan mémbawa_ sa-Orang anak manusia sakérat Bérok, Kémdian pikiran, ~ “ Apa-lah hal ini anak-kau téntu datang turut Bérok Jantan itu kapada anak-nya jikalau bagitu baik aku buat satu hikmat,” Maka ia korek satu lobang yang sangat dalam, Maka di-tanam-kan-nya batang Pisang. Jikalau Bérok itu datang aku kata-kan Pérémpuan-nya dan anak-nya sudah mati ini-~ _ lah kubur-nya. Kemdian ini Pak Se-Baguk pénat sudah ia bér-Ulang-Ulang tiada juga dapat pénoh ayer di-dalam Buloh Bétong itu dan hari pun hampir-lab Malam pikir dia, Baik-lah aku balek dahulu ber- -tanya-kan akhtiyar pada Pérémt_ puan aku, Maka ia pun baleh ka-Pokok Tok Alang itu tiba-tiba di-lehat Perempuan-nya dan anak-nya sudah tiada dan sangat- lah duka chita ia dan hari pun malam tiada-lah ia tidor samalam — itu, Maka pada Waktu dinihari itu ia pun bér-jalan-lah déngan gopoh gamah-nya dan tiba ia pada Orang bér-tanya ia akan Pérémpuan-nya dan anak-nya kata-nya, ‘‘ Hai Inhee ada-kah tampak sa-Orang Pérémpuan méndukong anak lJalu déri sini ? Maka jawab orang itu. “ Tiada.”—Dan bérjalan pula tiap-tiap bér-jumpa déngan Orang bagitu-lai ia bér-tanya-kan Péreém- puan-nya dan anak-nya selalu, Maka tiada-lah bér-apa lama lagi tiba-lah ia ka-Ramah Mak Bapak-Pérémpuan itu, Maka bér- -tanya-lah, Kata-nya Bapak, ‘ Ada-kah anak Bapak datang kemari mémbawa anak-nya?” Maka jawab Bapak Pérémpuan itu, “Ada; tétapi sudah mat ikadua-nya.” Maka kata Pak Se- Baguk, ‘ Apa kena-nya dan apa sebab-nya ia mati kadua-nya?’ Maka jawab Pak-nya, “ Kérana ia bér-jalan itu déngan kej:r sahaja takut akan Pak Se-Baguk. Jikalau bérjumpa déngan Pak Se-Baguk barang-kali Pak Se-Baguk bunoh akan dia, Maka dengan sébab tér-lalu pénat itu lalu-lah ia mati kadua-nya.” Maka kata Pak Se-Baguk, “Jikalau ia sudah mati di mana Kubor-nya ?”. Maka jawab Bapak-nya, ‘ Mari-lah kita pérgi liha Jour. Straits Branch THE BABOON PA SI BAGOK AND THE GIRL. tI Kubor-nya bér-sama-sama.” Maka ini Bapak Pérémpuan pakat tiga ampat Orang, apa-bila ia mengorek Kubor itu jikalau sudah dalam ia pakat tambus deri-atas, Kémdian tiba-lah Pak Se-Baguk ka-Kubor itu lalu-lah ia menzurek Kubor itu, Maka ini Orang tiga ampat Orang ménanti di-atas, Maka apa-bila sudah dalam lobang itu lalu di tambus:- ‘nya deri- atas, Maka Pak Se- pagel pun langsong Mati T'amat. ; R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906, A Pelandok Tale. By G. M. LAIDLAW. [From the penghulu of Pulau Tiga, Lower Perak, Haji Mahomed Ali bin Haji Mahomed Perak. No details of the source can be obtained. The teller is so for as his ancestry can be traced for several generations of pure Perak extraction ]. This is the tale of the pelandok, this is a four footed animal that lives in the woods and is very small, just about the size of a cat. Now in the olden days this animal was very much cleverer than all the others. Also in those days animals could talk. We must farther explain that in those days, the king of all the animals was King Solomon. His form was the form of a man, but his appearance: and dress was that of one of the wild men of the woods, the Sakai. His chief warrior (Huluba- lang ) was the tiger and his chief counsellor (Penghulu) was the pelandok. Once upon a day, they say, the pelandok was walking along looking for his food, when he met with a doe. The pelandok said, “Hai, Sang Rusa, what is the name of the tree you are eating ?” The deer replied, ““I am eating the young shoots of the yam.” - The deer then said to the pelandok, ‘Where have you come from, Toh Sang Dirimba ? ”’ The pelandok said, “I have come from my house and am also looking for my food.” Now when the pelandok saw that the deer was very fat indeed, the thought came into his heart and he desired to eat her. So he went off to the tiger. When he reached him the tiger said, “ Where have you come from, Toh Sang Dirimba?”’ The pelandok answered, “I have come from Sang Rusa over there, and have come straight to find you, Hulubalang, for I want to eat that doe.” Jour. S. B. R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. ¢ deer. This was how he called them, 714 A PELANDOK TALE. The tiger said, “ How ever are you going to eat her?”’ The pelandok replied, “That is why I have come to find — you, in order that we may lay our plans together.” fe The tiger said, © "What are your plans?” The pelandok said, ‘ You, hulubalang, must pretend to ha. 3 dead, and lie down with your mouth wide open and your body — yrs ss : covered with flies. When you are ready, I will call together the — eS, deer and the elephant and the rhinoceros and the roe deer and the pig. As soon as we have got them all together, I will give : them each their work. But you are to do nothing but listen © to whatever I say in my mourning. You are todo nothing when ~ : we give you your funeral bath or when we are on the road. But when I call out, “ Yam yam” that is the time when you are to catch Sang Rusa.” The tiger answered, ““ Very well then.” The story about the tiger goes on to say that after Ke: had made this plot with the pelandok, he pretended to be — dead lying down with open mouth. covered with flies. Also he did not breathe through his nostrils but only through his _ mouth. After he was ready the pelandok went away to get the elephant, the rhinoceros, the deer, the pig, and the roe ‘Hai, Sang Elephant, Sang Rhinoceros, Sang Deer, eaves = Pig, Sang Roe-deer, King Solomon has ordered you allto be ~ summoned together in order that you may bury his Huluba- — lang Dirimba, who died last night. Come at once.” So all these animals followed behind the pelandok who led them to the place where the tiger was. When they had | all got there, the pelandok ordered Sang Pig to dig a hole and the elephant to bring water, and the deer to hold the tiger’s head on her lap, and also the upper part of the body, and the roe deer was told to hold the body from the waist to — the tail, and the rhinoceros was told to make a smooth road. When the preparations were all finished the pelandok told them to bear the body to the hole. He ordered the deer to lift up the head and the elephant to support the body. But the roe deer and the pig began to bicker. The roe deer said, ‘ Let me carry the tail.” . ~ Jour. Straits Branch A PELANDOK TALE. 75 The pig said, “ Let me go first and show the way. Be- cause from the colour of his fur, it looks as if he were alive.”’ The roe deer said, “ I also am not very easy in my mind.” The pelandok then said, “ Don’t talk too much there.” So three of them, the deer and the elephant and the - rhinoceros bore the body along. The pelandok then got on the top of an ant heap and done to lament for the tiger in - this wise. ‘Ho Toh Hulubalang, who achievest the ak of my heart, yam yam.” ; The roe deer said, “ Listen Sang Babi, what a shrill ery Sang Dirimba is making,- What is-he saying oe While the roe deer was in the act of saying this to the pig, the tiger seized hold of the deer by the back of her neck, and dragged her down. The elephant rushed off trumpeting as he went. The rhinoceros darted off screaming. The roe deer darted off like a bullet springing three fathoms at a time. The pig followed. Whenthe pelandok heard the uproar in the forest and all the animals running away, he said, “ Spring, Sang Roedeer. Sang Deer’s case is decided.” After he had said that the pig drove his snoutwith a bang against the projecting buttress of a merbau stem. ‘The pelan- dok heard it and also the scream that the pig gave in its pain. The pelandok said, ‘Mind the buttress, Sang Pig. Sang Deer’s case is over.’ The pig replied, “Let your own father mind thegbuttress Sang Dirimba. Tam sore all over and you do nothin but laugh.” — And that is why the pig’s shoutis flat to this day. Then all the animals ran right away. The story of the deer that was taken by the tiger goes on to say that after they had finished their plot they divided the deer into two: one half for the tiger and one half for the pelan- dok. They then carried the meat off to a place where some men had been making a clearing. The wood had nearly all been felled. They took wood and made:a place on which they could smoke the meat. _ They also took some more fire wood. When it was all ready and the meat had been placed in _B. A. Sue. No. 46, 1906. 76 A PELANDOK TALE. position they lit the fire. By that time it-was night. About midnight when one side of the meat had been cooked they turned it over to the other side. When this had been done the pelandok said, 3 ‘Hai, hulubalang, let me go to sleep now rand then when I wake up you can have a nap.’ The tiger said, “ Very good.” “ But,” added the pelandok, “ Don’t you interfere with my eye teeth for fear that you should - be hurt by their poison.” PAV ight j ; “ Then again,” said the pelandok, ‘ whenever my eyes are closed I am not asleep, but. if my eyes wink and if = snore at _ the same time, then I am asleep.’ 7 After this the pelandok went to sleep. The tiger put more wood on the fire. After about an hour’s sleep the pelandok began to wink his eyes and to snore. The tiger began to think about the pelandok’s eye teeth. “ Are they really poisonous or are they not?” So the tiger began to touch them. “They are not so very sharp,” he said. After gazing closely at them for a little while he lay owe Now the pelandok had seen him touching them. After that the pelandok, thinking that smoking was now properly done, got up from his sleep. When the pelandok got up the tiger went to sleep and began to snore too. When the pelandok saw that the tiger was fast asleep he took the tiger’s share and ate it up. Then he took a piece of the bark of the gentong tree, which was of the same shape and put it where the tiger’s meat had been. This was now near day-break. When the sun rose the pelan- dok called the tiger who rose from his sleep with a start. When he had got up the pelandok said, “ Hai, hulubalang, come along to this clearing ind find a stick on which we can carry this cooked meat.” So they both set off together. When they were ee half way. there, the. pelandok Satdy) 3/4 ‘Hai, hulubalang, you look for the Foot (with | which’ re tie it on ), while I look for the stick | on which to carry. Able J our, Straits Branch A PELANDOK TALE, 77 While the tiger was looking for the root, the pelandok took the stem of a Satamban tahi which had been felled by the men in the clearing. Now the thorns of this are quite long, about an inch long each. Those thorns that were near the foot of the stem he did not remove, but those that were near the top he did. After that the pelandok and the tiger each took up their share. The tiger put his share in front of himself and the pelandok put his share in front of himself. Then they set off towards the river. As they walked on each began to eat. While they were walking along the tiger said, “ Oh dear, I am yery sore, this stick is pricking my back. Also my meat is very bitter.” The pelandok answered and said, “That, hulubalang, is what I told you last night. I warned you not to interfere with my eye teeth. Now your meat has become bitter.” The tiger said, ‘Hai, Sang Dirimba, give me a little of your meat, just to taste. Because I am very tired, everything seems difficult for me.” : When the pelandok heard that, he took pity on the tiger - and gave him a little. This tasted extremely delicious to the tiger, who stopped in the middle of the road. The pelandok said, “ What is the matter? Why areyou stopping? We are certainly near a big river now. And if we are late in arriving and we meet with his highness King Solomon he is sure to take away this meat from us. Moreover he will be angry with us and punish us because we have devoured this deer without letting him know.” When the tiger heard that he took up his stick again. A little fatrher on, just about as far as you can hear a cry in the woods, they reached the bank of the river. There they stopped and each devoured his meat. The share of the pelandok was quite finished because he four times gave the tiger a piece. After that they each had a drink, but the tiger’s share was left unfinished on the bank. They tried to get across the river. The tiger and the pelandok set off together down stream, skirting the edge. They found a raft made of banana stems which had got stranded R. A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 78 A PELANDOK TALE. on abig trunk that had fallen ln by ne sae ot: the | ‘ 3 river. They both got on board the raft and shoved it off across. It was the tiger that did the shoving, the pelandok 5 a did nothing. When they got near to the bank, the pelandok _— sprang on shore and left the tiger on the raft drifting down | stream. The pelandok said, “Hai hulubalang, you will die a now when you are caught by the crocodiles. JI finished that smoked meat of yours last night, and put some gentong bark | in its place.” The tiger became ee and said, Sy ust you ae Sang — Dirimba, and I’ll eat you.” He then sprang on to the bank began looking for the pelandok. But the pelandok had and walked on. In ashort while the pelandok came across a hornets’ _ nest in some lalang and sat down nearit. When it was nearly — evening the tiger met him there and said to him, “Now I have found you, I will eat you. You cheated medid you?” The pelandok said, “ Dont eat me, for I have been ordered by King Solomon to look after his gong, Don’t you see it?” =, ~ Where is it ? 3 “This : listen to it humming.” _ May I strike it ?” ~ Don’ t. Are n't you afraid of King Solomon ?”” “Let me strike it: just a little.” ‘ Wait then till 1 go and lay your request before King Solomon ?” | After that ac Scaack ran away from the place where - the nest was as far as his voice could be heard. Then he shouted out, “ Hit it, hulubalang.”’ : When the tiger heard that he lifted his paw and striek it. Then the hornets swarmed out over the tiger, who ran away roaring and with his body and his face all swollen. When the pelandok heard the tiger roaring like that he ran away for a long distance. When night fell he stopped by a — large tree trunk and nestled in between the buttresses round the stem. He was quite frightened of the tiger since he had been guilty of cheating him so many times. He got no sleep that night for he wanted to find some other stratagem by which he could again punish the tiger. All that night he pondered. — Jour. Straits Branch — A PELANDOK TALE. #3 The next day he set off again and travelled till about midday, then he came across a big python which was fast asleep snor- ing. It lay sleeping with its body in three coils but its head was some way off in the middle of the main road. When the pelandok saw that the snake was obviously fast asleep, he sat down near the coil, because he thought that if the tiger were to come he could once more quibble with him and say that he was watching King Solomon’s waist belt. So he sat there till about the middle of the afternoon when the tiger once more met him. When the tiger saw the pelandak sitting squatted on his hands he became very angry indeed and intended to ~ spring on the pelandok. But the pelandok saw the tiger about to spring on him and said, “ Hai, hulubalang, don’t spring on me, because I am watching King Solomon’s belt. He has ordered me to do so because this is a valuable ancestral cloth. — _ This is what he is going to wear in state to-morrow. For the king has given orders that we are to be summoned in a couple of days when he is going to make a proclamation.”’ The tiger gave up trying to catch him because he saw that the cloth was very beautiful and also that the colour was of mingled gold. He was very much surprised and very. much desired to feel what it was like to put it on, so he said, ~ Hai Toh Sang Dirimba, may I put it on ?”’ ‘Wait until I go and ask King Solomon.” So the pelandok walked on until he came to an ant heap into the top of which he claimbed. Then he shouted out to the tiger, “‘ Hai hulubalang, put it on.’ When the tiger heard that he put it on. The tiger saw that the snake moved so he thought, “This thing seems to be afraid of me, I seem to have been cheated.”’ So the tiger took a stick and beat the snake. When he hit it it crawled away. ‘The tiger was very much astonished that the pelandok should have cheated him once more and be- came more angry than ever. So he began to search for the pelandok again. But the pelandok had run away very far in- deed, and the tiger could not find him. The pelandok came to a large river. When he got to the bank’ he saw a tree called Chadong. The fruit of this tree R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906 80 A PELANDOK TALE. is about as large as a cat’s eye, and when it is ripe it is sweet. Now the pelandok was very fond of eating this fruit. But he did not know how to get across the river for the current was swift and the water deep. He saw that there were a lot of crocodiles in the river. So he went to look for a cocoanut — shell and when he had got one he held it in his hand and went and stood on the bank of the river and called to dll the croco- diles like this, “ Hai, all you Si Rangkaks, come together here for King Solomon has ordered me to make a census of you.” When the crocodiles heard that they all came to the top of the water. Then the pelandok ordered them to arrange them- selves in a line right across the river. When they had put themselves in position the pelandok got on to the head of the first crocodile and then struck the head of the crocodile with © the cocoanut shell saying, ““One two three,’ ‘(erick), * ‘ small head big head” (crack) “ One. two three,”’ (encke “small head big head’’(crack). And so on until he had got across the river. Then he got up the bank and said, “Hai, all you Si Rangkaks, I - wanted to get across this river to eat this chadong fruit, so I said that King Solomon had ordered you all to float. Now I have knocked all your heads with this coconut, aren't you clever you stupids ?”’ When the cr ocodiles heard that they were very ee with him, and said, “It will be impossible for you to drink any water now, for if you drink the water of this river or of any other we will catch you.’ i “T can go away from the river, to the swamps and the ponds and the buffalo wallows and the puddles, what is to stop | me?” ‘“ Wherever there is water, we will be there. Don’t you make any mistake about that.” Hai, isthat so? If you are clever you will catch me, . but if Lam clever I will not die.” Then the pelandok began to eat the chadong fruit. But the crocodiles had a council together, those from the sea and from the river and from the swamp. They all laid themselves in wait for him. The pelandok went on eating the chadong Jour. Straits Branch A PELANDOK TALE. 81 fruit until he was satiated. Then he became very thirsty and wanted a drink of water. So he went to the swamp and the wallows and called out like this, “ Hai, Si Rangkak.”’ And the crocodiles answered, * Yoo-ee.”’ So the pelandok stopped and went to the river. There -again he called out. ‘This time four crocodiles answered him. “Hai,” said the pelandok, “If it is this sort of thing, I ~. will die for I will not be able to drink. ”’ So he went right up stream and called out once more. This time ten answered him. Then the pelandok noticed that a big bamboo, a buloh aur, had fallen down from the midst of a clump into the water. So he crept along the stem among the thickest leaves till he was able to get a drink. While he was I: pping up the water, making a noise,.chepak chepak, a eroco lile made a snatch at him from below but only caught ‘hold f the branch of the bamboo. The pelandok was alarmed and called out, : “ Adohai, adohai, not so strong, hai Si Rangkak.” : “ Don’t talk about its being strong; you are going to die this time. ”’ “Hai,” said the pelandok while he crept slowly back along the stem, “ Don’t tear me like that.” So the crocodile dragged at the bamboo till he threshed the water into big waves. But the pelandok had got safely to shore. ; ~ Then the pelandok said, “ Hai, Si Rangkak, what is the use of your catching hold of that tough bamboo? JI am very sorry for you, you hoped that you had caught hold of me.” When the crocodile heard that he let go of the bamboo. The pelandok went on looking for an ant heap because he wanted to sleep, for he had eaten till he was satisfied and also he was very tired. He was afraid too of the tiger that he had cheated. At last he found a small pointed one on to the top of which he climbed and went fast asleep, snoring. All this time the tiger had been looking for the pelandok. At last he reached a river where he found a large crocodile floating. The crocodile spoke to him, Hai hulubalang, where have you come from ?”’ oS ‘ R.A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. *6 82. : A PELANDOK TALE. ‘ T have come from the big jungle where I have been — oe: looking for the pelandok, who has deceived me so badly that I want to kill him; first he diddled me with a hornets’ nest that eS | left me full of stings, then he gave me a very nasty moment ~~ just now with a big snake but fortunately I saw that it” was Bie alive. So I am looking for him to eat him. ’ When the crocodile heard that he in his turn pola Hew: 2 the pelandok had cheated him, and how when the pelandok es 2 : wanted to eat the chadong fruit he had told them that King ~ Solomon had ordered a census to be made and had ordered — them to arrange themselves side by side right across the river, and then when they were arranged how he took a coconut and ~ rapped them all on the head saying, “One two three” (erick) ~ ‘small head, big head” (crack) until he had rapped them all on the head. And then as soon as he had got across he told them how he had cheated them. And so they too were very : angry with the pelandok. When the tiger heard the story of the crocodile he aa to the crocodile, “ We had better lay our plans together; you can carry me across to the other bank over there and I can hunt for him. If he runs into the water he is your meat but. fe if I catch him on the land he is mine.’ ~The crocodile agreed, so the tiger got on to his head and was carried across the river and sately reached the other bank. Now at the time that the tiger and the ceca wore S =f making this plot the pelandok heard them from the top of the — bank that was exactly opposite. — The pelandok’s thoughts ran = thus : ‘T had better kill the tiger now, because he hae promised — that if I run into the water I am the erocodile’s meat but that — if he catches me on the land Iam his. Ah, I know what to do.” When the tiger got safely to land he began to look for the pelandok. Now the pelandok went and stood in the middle of — 25 a small clearing where there was very little brushwood. . The tiger Sprang out on the pelandok saying, ae = ‘Now this time I have got you, Sang nian saat I ae will eat you Jour, Straivs svi j A PELANDOK TALE. 83 “Try then, make your effort. If you are really the great warrior of the woods, you will get me now. But I think con I will turn you out.” When the tiger heard that, he sprang on the areece but the pelandok ran off close to the edge of the bank. The tiger chased him. Then he sprang back inland. Now when the crocodiles heard the uproar on the bank made by the tiger chasing the pelandok, they all gathered together and watched the edge of the water. The tiger made another spring at the pelandok but did not get him, for the pelandok jumped off to the edge of the bank. The pelandok twisted and turned, bound- ing ten feet at a time. Now at one part of the bank there was asandy beach. The pelandok sprang to the edge of the beach and dipped his foot in the water, and then sprang back to the land. The tiger followed him to the water’s edge but over- jumped himself and sprang about twelve feet into the water. Then the crocodiles seized him thinking that he was the pelandek. The tiger struggled in his pain. When the cro- | codiles had hold of him they tore him. | The tiger said, ‘ Friends, don’t tear me.” The crocodiles said, “ We don’t care ; the promise that we made before was that whatever came into the water was our meat.” When the tiger heard that he burst out crying and at last died. The pelandok rejoiced and said, “Tear him Si Rangkak, eat him. He is bigger than I. What is the use of a thing like me? Yeu would hardly be able to taste me. This is the folky of the crocodile. Don’t have anything to do with it. 3 After escaping frou this peril the pelandok went on his way towards the garden where King Solomon lived. He passed close to one house in a garden where he heard some men quarrelling about an axe. One man had borrowed an axe from another for a long time for over a year, and had not returned it. When the owner wanted it the man who had borrowed it said that-it had been eaten by weevils. So the two men had gone to law before the king. When they got R. A.Socs, No. 46, 1906. 84 A PELANDOK TALE. ~ there the owner made his petition to the king. The ee ten examined the borrower who answered, “ Yes, your highness. I have borrowed it but the axe head has een quite devoured by weevils. And the owner won't allow that it is lost: he wants it.” The king was puzzled for it was not right that an axe - head should be eaten by weevils. So he said, “Hai there — you dog, go and call Selang Dirimba, for you know where he is, the others do not know where he lives.” So the dog travelled for half a day anes he met the pelandok. Then he said, Ela: Selang Dirimba, his highness King Solomon calls you.’ When the pelandok heard what the dog said he at once went to King Solomon’s house. When he got there he went up into the house. “ Selang Dirimba.” “ Your highness.” ‘I have sent for you because these men, these two, have been disputing about an axe head. One man is the owner and the other has borrowed it. ‘The borrower says that the axe head ig eaten by weevils, but the other will not allow this. So I don 't know what to think and I have asked you to decide the case. ‘What you say is very true your highness, will you first allow your slave to go away and bathe ? So the pelandok went away to bathe at the river bank. Then he went off to apatch of lalang grass that had been- ~ burnt near the king’s garden, there he rolled over and over in the ashes till his body was black. Then he went back to the king’s house. It had now become evening. The king saw that the pelandok’s-body had been blackened by the lalang ashes so he said, © What has happened Toh Selang Dirimba to make your body so black? You said that you wanted to bathe. What kind of bathing is this ?”’ ‘Pardon, your majesty is always correct. Your slave went away just now to bathe, but your slave saw that the sea near your majesty's garden was all ablaze, so your slave’ went to help to put it out, and when he had put it out your Jour. Straits Branch A PELANDOK TALE, 85 slave came back. That is why his body is black: it had been - singed by the fire.”’ When the king heard that he was most astonished and - gaid, Hai, it seems to me to be most improbable that the sea should be on fire.’’ Both the suitors too heard this. The pelandok said, “ Why does your highness not believe me?” The king leant back in astonishment and said, “ Why Selang Dirimba, it is most improbable as far as my knowledge goes, for I have never heard that anything like this happened in former times.”’ The borrower of the axe still more strongly said that it was improbable. Then the pelandok said, “Pardon your majesty, a thousand thousand pardons, but that is just why so far-as your slave's knowledge goes it seems so improbable to him that the axe head was eaten by the weevils, for he has never heard that that has happened in former times.”’ When the king heard what the pelandok said he at once gave his decision against the borrower and ordered him to either return the axe or to replace it with one as good. After the case had been decided the pelandok got leave to go home again. So he set off. On his way he passed by a fruit garden where he wanted to look for some durians, but he met a tiger there. The tiger spoke to him saying, Ela Selang. Dirimba, where have you come from ?”’ | “T have just come from the king’s house where the case of two men who were quarrelling about an axe that the one had lent and the other had borrowed has just been decided. The case is over now.’ After they had talked about that, the tiger said to the pelandok, “Last night I dreamt that I was eating a black he goat. What do you think, Selang Dirimba, ought I to go and look for this goat? Should I believe this or not ?” The pelandok said, “ Don’t go and look for the goat. Go and get King Solomon to decide the case. It will be quite easy for you, because King Solomon has just sent for that goat.” When the tiger heard what the pelandok said he set off to King Solomon’s house. When he got there the king addressed him, R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 86 ? A PELANDOK TALE. ; : = _ Where have you come om great warrior of the woods ¢ 2 aa “Your highness, your slave has come from his house = because he wished to come into your most royal presence.’ ‘ ‘For what reason ? ”’ : : ‘Your slave wished to explain to your majesty that one night he dreamt that he was eating a black goat and he wishes — AS to know what he ought to do.”’ “Hai, I have never yet eaten a black he goat and yet you have dreamt of doing: so.’ So the king called his dog and told him ee go and a ; Selang Dirimba and the dog went and looked for him till he was tired but could not find him. Now when the tiger had gone to King Solomon’s house, Selang Dirimba had gone to find a black he goat that lived in a village near to the king. When he found him he said to him, “Hai, black goat, you had better take care for the tiger wants to eat you. He was pleased to tell me of a dream he had a little while ago, he said, ‘T dreamt that I was eating a black goat last night, Selang Dirimba; what does my dream mean?’ I answered and said, ‘I do not know: you should go to King Solomon and get him to explain. it.’ So after that the tiger went away to the king’s house. Now what do you think, are you frightened or not?” | “Hai, Toh Selang Dirimba, what do you: advise me to do?” “You had better at once make a torch from a coconut Kah leaf, for the king may call me at any moment.” ~——- When the goat heard what the pélandok said, he at once took a coconut leaf and made a torch. Then the pelandok said, “ You go on in front to the king’s house and lurk in the brushwood close to the house, ue when I call you, come up. into the house.”’ ; So the goat went and farked in iGo brushwood by the king's house. When he had gone the dog came and gave ~ Selang Dirimba an order like this, ““ Hai Selang Dirimha, King es Solomon ealls you at once.’ tte When the pelandok heard what the dog said ue: went off ; with him to the king’s house. When he reached the king’s house the king called out, “I have called you Selang Dirimba Jour. Straits Branch — A PELANDOK TALE, 87 because a tiger has told me that he dreamt one night that he was eating a black goat. Now what do you think this dream forebodes ? ~’ . ~ Pardon your majesty, a thousand thousand be thy slave’s pardons, if it commends itself to your gracious majesty might it not be as well to call this goat? ”’ ‘After the pelandok had said this the king ordered the dog to call the goat. Now the goat heard the king’s order that he was to be called so he came out. When the dog came he saw him and called oul to lim, = Hai Sang Goat, his highness calls you.’ So the goat went tO the ogee and left his torch below on the ground. When he arrived the king began to examine him : ‘I have called you Sang Goat, because this hulubalang dreamt a night ago that he was eating you. What do you “think of that ‘ : a “ Pardon your majesty, a thousand thousand pardons your most gracious majesty, your highness can better judge what ought to be done, but if the decision is left to me I do not like that dream for 16 seems that in it I die.”’ “ What you say is very true, but all the same my judg- ment is that whenever a man dreams of eating he should eat and that whenever a man dreams of wearing anything he should put it on, and that whenever a man dreams of being married he should be wedded and so on.” Then the king stopped speaking. The pelandok lay with his eyes closed. When the king saw the pelandok lying like- that as if he was asleep he called to him, “ Hai Selang Dirimba.”’ _ When the pelandok heard the king call he started from his sleep and at once ordered the goat to go and get the torch. He said, “ Hai Sang Goat, go and get your torch at once.” The goat went and got it. Then the pelandok said, ight: ib.” ) 4; The goat lit it. Then the pelandok made a disturbance and asked the goat for the torch, the king said, ~ : ial Selang Dirimba what on earth do you ‘mean by making this; disturbance with this torch ? ” R, A. Sve, No. 46, 1906, ey 88 A PELANDOK TALE, The pelandok, answered, Your highness, while napping — here just now, I dreamt that oe house was burnt down, so IT want to burn it.” 3 “Who ordered the house to be burnt down?” — “Pardon your majesty a thousand thousand pardons. I wanted to burn it because I dreamt that I did so, and you yourself decided that whenever one dreamt of eating’ one was to eat and that whenever one dreamt of putting a thing on one was to wear it and that whenever one dreamt of a wife one was to marry.” When the king heard what the pelandok said, he said to the tiger, ‘Hai, don’t you eat the goat because whenever there is a dream like that don’t carry it out for that would be 3 tyrannous.”’ A Pelandok Tale by the Penghulu of Pulau Tiga. Alkésah ini hikayat chétéra pélandok binatane hutan ampat ~ kaki-nya lagi kéchil itu binatang lébeh kurang bésar kuching. Maka tétkala dahulunya itu binatang térlalu chérdek déripada tiap-tiap binatang yang lainnya; pada waktu masa zaman dahulu- kala séklian binatang lérkata-kata adanya. Maka dinyatakan pula chétéra raja Suleyman namanya itulah raja séklian binatane. Rupanya, rupa manusia juga, tabiatnya samacham Sakai, hulu- balangnya harimau dan pénghulunya pélandok adanya. Alkésah térsébutlah kalakuan pélandok itu ada kapada suatu hari bérjalan pélandok itu héndak ménchari makan maka bérjumpa ia déngan rasa bétina. Maka kata pélandokitu “ Hai Sang Rusa apa namanya kamu makan itu? ” Maka di-jawab oleh rusa itu, ‘* Aku mémakan tarok ubi.” Maka kata rusa itu kapada pélandok itu, ‘“ Dérimana Toh Sang Di-rimba ini?” Kata pélandok itu, ‘Aku déri rumah aku héndak ménchari makan juga.” Maka bérfikir pélandok itu kérana dilihatnya rusa itu gemok — sangat, maka bérfikir didalam hati pélandok itu bérhajat héndak mémakan rusa itu, maka pélandok itu pun pérgi kapada harimau, Maka tiba ia pada harimau itu bérkata harimau itu Jour, Straits Braneh A PELANDOK TALE. 89 “ Dérimana Toh Sang Di-rimba?” Kata jawab pélandok itu, Aku ini déripada Sang Rusa di-situ maka lalu aku méndapat- kan hulubalang kéranaaku béndak mémakan rusa bétina di-situ.”’ Maka jawab harimau itu, ‘“‘Macham mana Toh Sang Di-rimba héndak mémakannya?” Maka kata jawab pélandok itu, Tni-lah aku méndapatkan hulubalange boleh kita bérpakat.” | Maka kata harimau itu, ‘‘ Macham mana pakatnya?” Kata pélandok itu, ‘‘Hulubalang boleh matikan diri dingangakan mulut boleh dihurong Jangau, maka sudah itu aku boleh memang- gil rusa dan gajah dan badak dan kijang dan babi, maka ménang- kala sudah datang sémuanya itu aku suroblah masing-masing déngan kerja-nya. Maka hulubalang déngar-kan sahajalah apa- apa pérkataan didalam tangisku itu tétapinya jangan masa téngah mandikan hulubalang itu atau téngah masa mémbawa bérjalan itu, pada waktu aku kata nyamlah nyamlah, masa itu-lah tangkapti Sang Rusa ita.” Maka kata sahut harimau itu ‘‘ialah,” adanya. Alkésah térsébutlah périhal harimau itu sudah habis mésh- uarat itu déngan pélandok itu lalulah ia mématikan dirinya sérta dingangakannya mulutnya dihurong oleh langau hari- mau itu pun tiada bérnapas ia kéluarkan napasnya déri. mulut- nya sahaja. Maka habis itu pélandok pun pérgilah ia méndapat- kan gajah dan badak dan rusa dan babi dan kijang. Démkian bunyinya dipanggil oleh pélandok itu. “ Hai Sang Gajah dan Sang Badak dan Sang Rusa dan Sang Babi dan Sang Kijang, titah tuanku raja Suleyman ményuroh mémanggil kamu sékalian- nya, titah ia ményuroh ménanamkan hulubalang dirimba sudah mati samalam. Mari ségéra,” Maka sékalian binatang yang tér- sébut itu méngikutlah dibélakang pélandok itu bérjalan pérgi _méndapatkan harimau itu. Maka tiba sémuanya disitu lalulah pélandok ményuroh Sang Babi méngorék liane dan gajah di- surohnya méngangkut ayer dan rusa itu di-suroh-nya mériba ké- pala harimau itu, dan lalu kapala badannya dan Sang Kijang itu disurohnya méribakan pinggang lalu pada ekornya dan badak itu mémbuatkan jalannya. Maka sudah sémuanya kerja-an di- surohlah oleh pélandok itu mémbawa kapada lobangnya disuroh rusa itu mimikul képala-nya dan gajah méngampu badannya dan kijang déngan babi itu téngah berbalah-balah. Kata kijang, ‘s Aku biar pada ekornya,” dan babi ‘‘ Aku biar dahulu mémbawa R. A. Soe., No. 46, 1906. 90 A PELANDOK TALE. jalan, kérana aku lihat choraknya chorak hidop.” Kata kijang — ‘ Aku tiada juga sédap hati-ku.” Kata.pélandok ‘‘ Jangan kamu bérbanyak kata.’ Maka démkian dibawa oleh rusa dan gajag dan badak bértiga sahaja, Maka pélandok itu pun pérgi ia naik kaatas busut-lalu ia ménangis akan harimau itu démkian bunyi- nya. ‘ Hai Toh Hulubalanglah, yang ményampaikan hajat hati aku nyam-lah nyam- lah,” Maka kata kijang itu, ‘ Déngar Sang Babi, bunyi tériak Sang Di-rimbaitu. Macham mana kata bunyi- nya itu? Maka téngah bérkata-kata kijang déngan babi itu harimau pun ménane okaplah pada téngkok rusa itu sérta menarek rusa itu dan gajah pun marah berléntang-lentang bunyi bélalei nya lari, dan badak pun bérleporlepcr bunyi mulutnya dan kijang pun mélompat tiga ampat dépa macham péluru pérginya bérdahulu kémdian déngan babi, maka didéugar oleh pélandok itu bereémuroh bupyi hutan itu binatany lari, kata pelandok itu pada kijange ‘‘ Lompatkan Sang Kijang, Sang Rusa bicharanya — sudah.” Maka habis kata itu babi pun tertumbok munchong- _ nya pada banir kayu mérbau bérdéntum bunyi. Makardidéngar oleh pélandok itu sérta térjérit bunyi babi itu sakit. Maka b&r-_ kata pélandok itu, *‘ Banir, Sang Babi, Sang Rusa bicharanya sudah.” Kata jawab babi itu, ‘ Banir bapa kamu Sang Di-rimba aku sakit séklian-nya, kamu suka sahaja.” Ménjadi bérpayong | munchong babiitu. Maka habissémuanya jauh adanya. Intiha. Alkésah maka térsébut pula pérkataan rusa yang ditang- kap oleh harimau itu télah sudah sélésai méshuarat pélandok déngan harima itu, maka dibélah rusa itu dua, yang sabélah pada harimau dan yang sabélah pada :élandok maka dibawa daging dékat déngan tébas ladang orang itu. Maka ladang orang itu hampir rébanya. Maka méngambil kayu mémbuat témpat salai dan kayu api salai itu maka sudah siap salai itu dan daging- nya sudab naik maka dilékat apinya maka hari pun malam. Maka hampir sudah téneah malam salai itu pun masak sudah sabélah lalu di-balek sabélah lagi maka ber-kata pélandok itu, ‘‘Hai hulubalane biar aku tidor dahulu, kémdian aku pun bangkit sékarane bulubalang pula tidor.” Maka kata harimau itu “ [a-lah.’ “ Tétapinya,” kata pelandok itu, ‘“‘ Apa kala aku tidor sékarang, jangan hulubalany usek hujong sangir aku ini, takut kéna bisanya.” Kata harimau itu ‘“la-lah.” Dan lagi” kata pélandok itu, “* Aku tidor sékarang manakala péjam mata aku ' Jour, Straits Branch ~ A PELANDOK TALE. 91 _ itu, aku bélum tidor lagi. Jikalau sudah chelek mata aku sékar- ang sérta ménéngkor bunyiitu aku tidor.” Maka habis itu tidor- lah pélandok itu. Maka harimau itu méngapikan salainya maka lebeh kurang satu jam tidor pélandok itu lalu ia ménchélekkan matanya sértaia ménéngkor bunyinya. Maka fikir harimau itu akan sangir pelandok itu, “ Ia-kah bisa atau tidakkah ? ” Maka diuseknya oleh harimau itu. Maka kata harimau itu, “ Tiada bérapa sangat tajam-nya.” Sudah diusiknya sédikit diamlah harimau itu. Maka pélandok itu dilihatnya harimau itu ménguseknya. Maka sudah itu fikir pélandok itu masak _sudah salai itu, ia bangkitlah déri tidornya. Intiha. Alkésah térsébut pula halan harimau pula maka pélandok sudah jaga maka _tidorlah harimau itu sérta ménéngkor bunyi- nya, maka sudah yakin pada fikir pélandok itu tidor harimau itu diambil oleh pélandok itu salai harimau itu dimakannya habis. Maka sudah itu di-ambil oleh pélandok itu kulit kayu yang bér- nama géntony kérana sarupa déngan salai itu lalu digantinya di-témpat salai harimauitu. Maka sudah itu hari pun hampir tér- bit matahari maka pélandok itu pun dipanggilnya harimau itu Jalu- harimau itu térkéjut déripada tidornya lalu ia bangkit. Maka sudah bangkit harimau bérkata pélandok itu, ** Hai hulu- balang mari kita méngawbil kayu péngandar salai kita didalam tébas orans itu.” Maka pérgiia bérdua déngan harimau itu, kata pélandok itu sampai diténgah jalan, ‘“ Hai huluba'ang ambil olehmu akar, biar aku méngambil kayu péngandar.” Maka tinggal harimau itu méngambil akar dan pélandok itu méngambil kayu satambun tahi yang sudah ditébang orang maka durinya panjang-panjang lébeh kurang satu inchi panjane- nya. Maka yang méngala kapangkal kayu itu tiada dibuangnya akan durinya dan yang méngala kahujongnya dibuany oleh pélandok itu durinya. Maka sudah itu diambil oleh pélandok, dan harimau itu salainya masing-masing, salai harimau itu di- bé!lah hadapan barimau dan salai pélandok itu di-hadapsn pélan- dok itu. Kémdian maka berjalaniah ménuju hala pada sungei, maka méntara bérjalau itu masing-masing mémakan salai-nya. Maka harimau itu méntara bérjalan sérta bérkata ia, ‘ Adohai sakit aku ini kérana péngandar sini ménikam bélakangku, lagi pula salaiku ini pahit rasanya.” Maka dijawab oleh pélandok itu katanya, ‘“Itulah hulubalang, aku khabarkan samalam, -R A, Soc., No. 46, 1906, 92 A PELANDOK TALE. jangan diusek hujong sangir aku, ménjadi pahit salai itu.” Maka kata harimau itu ‘“ Hai Sang Di-rimba bérilah aku salai kamu itu sédekit, boleh aku rasati kérana panat sangat aku ini. sémua yang térok.” Maka didéngar oleh pélandok itu kasihan ia akan harimau itu lalu dibérinya sédikit salainya maka dirasa oleh harimau itu sédap sangat rasanya lalu harimau itu ter- hénti ia bérjalan maka kata pélandok itu. ‘Apa kéna hulu- balang bér-hénti kérana apa sébab-nya téntu jalan kita ini sudah dékat pada sungei bésar, lambat tibanya sékarang bér- jumpa kita déngan Tuanku Raja Suleyman téntu di-ambil-nya salai kita ini lagi kita dimarahnya lagi dihukomnya kérana kita mémakan rusa tiada dibéri tahu kapadanya.” Maka_hari- mau ménéngar kata itu lalu dipikulnya péngandar itu, lébeh ku- | rang sapélaung sampailah pada tépi sungei itu bér-hénti sérta masing mémakan salai-nya. Maka habis salai pélandok itu kérana diberinya pada harimau itu pula salainya, di-dapat oleh harimau itu ampat kali makan, lalu minum kaduanya dan salai harimau tinggal pada tépi sungei itu adanya. Alkésah térsébut pula pélandok déngan harimau itu héndak ményémbérang sungei itu maka pérgilah ka-hilir sungei pélan dok itu bérdua déngan harimau itu. Maka bér-jalan-lah kadua- — nya ményvusor sungei itu tiba-tiba bérjumpa rakit batane pisange sanekot. pada bangkar kayu bésar tumbang dékat tépi sungei itu. Maka turun kadua-nya pélandok déngan harimau itu pada rakit itu lalu ditolaknya ka-sébérang, yang ménolak itu harimau dan pélandok itu diam. Maka sudah rapat dékat tépi tébing itu pélandok itupun mélompatlah di-atas tébing itu dan harimau itu pun tinggal ia di-atas rakit itu lalu hanyut lagi pula. Di-kata oleh pelandok itu ‘ Hai hulubalang | matilah kamu itu ditangkap oleh buaia, dan salai kamu sa- malam aku makan habis, maka aku ganti déngan kulit géntong.” Maka didéngar oleh harimau itu ia pun maranhlah, kata harimau © itu, ‘ Nantilah kamu Sang Di-rimba, aku makanti.” Sérta harimau itu mélompat lalu naik ka-atas tébine itu ia héndak ménchari pélandok itu. Maka pélandok itu pun sudah ia pérgi bérjalan, maka dijumpanya sarang tabuan didalam lalane itu maka dudoklah ia pélandok itu dékat sarang tabuan itu. Maka sampai dékat pétang hari harimau itupun berjumpa ia déngan pélandok itu maka kata harimau itu ini, ‘ Baharu ku jumpa Sang Jour. Straits Braneh ma. v Lt = pained na So So Saf" ia igh se 25 Seas 3 ‘ Rey - a) ee pees FT ROARS 2 ae See ge ~ i Se ae ge ea a Pein’ & P yok Hs A PELANDOK LALE. 93 Di-rimba, aku makanti, kamu tipuaku rupanya.” Maka kata pélandok itu, ‘‘Jangan aku kamu makan kérana aku ini di- suroh oleh Raja Suleyman ménunggu gongnya. ‘Tidak-kah kamu lihat.’ Maka kata harimau itu ‘‘ Mana ia-nya.” “ Ini yang méngaum bunyinya ini.” Maka dilibat oleh harimau itu. Maka laiu bérkata harimau itu, ‘“‘ Bolehkah aku pukol sédikit ? ” maka jawab pelandok, “‘Jangan : takut di-marah oleh Raja Suley- man.” Maka kata harimau itu, “ Sikit pun, jadi, aku pukol.” Maka kata pelandok itu, ‘“ Nanti aku péregi pérsémbahkan pada Raja Suleyman.” Maka habis kata itu pélandok itupun pérgilah bérlari-lari lébeh kurang sépélaung déripada témpat tabuanitu. Maka ia pun bérlaunglah démkian bounyi-nya. “ Pukol-lah hulubalang.” Maka didéngar olehharimauitu iapun angkat tangan lalu dipukolnya. Maka tabuan itu pun mén- yérbulah pada harimau ttu maka harimau itu pun lari sérta hingar bunyi mulutnya, lalu béngkak badan dan muka-nya. Alkésah térsébutlah pélandok itu maka sudah didéngar- nya harimau Jari sérta mulutnya hingar bunyinya maka ia pun bérjalan pula bérlari-lari jauh. Maka hari pun sudah masok pada-malam bérhénti ia pada pangkal kayu bésar pada chélah banirnya lalu ia bérdiam dirinya sérta takut akan harimau itu kérana ia sudah banyak dosanya déngan sébab tipunya pada hariman itu. Maka tiadalah tidor pada malam - itu kérana lagi ia héndak méncharikan elah héndak didéranya harimau itu. Maka samalam-samalam itu ia-bérfikir sampailah siang hari. Maka pélandok itu pun bérjalanlah lébeh kurang pérjalannya itu sampailah sudah siténgah hari maka_ bér- jumpa pélandok déngan ular sawa chindei. Ular itu téngah tidor -ménéngkor bunyi-nya, tétapi ular itu tidor bér-léngkar ~ tiga léngkar dan képalanya javh déri léngkar itu diténgah lorong jalan bésar. Maka sudah dilihat oleh pélandok ular itu nyata sudah tidornya dudok pélandok itu dékat léngkar ular itu kerana fikir pélandok itu, jikalau datang harimau itu mén- chari aku sékarane neschaya boleh aku bérdaleh aku ini ménungeu ikat pinggange Raja Suleyman. Maka sudah itu pélandok itu dudok lébeh kurang sampei sudah mata hari asar maka bér-jumpa pula oleh harimau itu. Maka di-hhat oleh harimau itu pélandok dudok ményarangkong. Maka harimau itu sangat- lah pula marahnya fikirnya héndak ditérkamnya sahaja. R, A. Soc., No, 46, 1906, 94 A PELANDOK TALE. - Maka dilibat pula oleh pélandok itu harimau itu héndak eee . kam maka ber-kata pelandok itu, ‘Hai hulubalang, jangan kamu térkam aku, kérana aku ménunggu ikat pinggang Raja Suleyman. [a suroh aku ini, kérana ini kain chindei zaman — pésaka dahulu. Maka inilah pakaian waktu Raja Suleyman tabal esok, kérana titah raja sémua kita dipanggil lagi dua hari ia héndak naubat.” Maka térhéntilah harimau itu ménang- kapnya kérana dilihat oleh harimau chorak kain itu elok sangat lagi warunanya bérchampur déngan amas ménjadi | heiran-lah harimau itu dan_hati- -nya pun bér-kahéndak pula mérasa ikat pinggang itu, maka bér-kata harimau itu. ‘“ Hai Toh Sang Di-rimba bolehkah aku chuba pandu ikat akan pada pingeang aku ini?”’ Maka jawab pélandok itu, “‘ Nanti biar aku pérgi pérsémbah pada Tuanku Raja Suleyman.” Maka sudah habis chakap itu pélandok pun pérgi ia bérjalau, maka dijumpa suatu busut naik ia kaatas busut itu. Maka bérlauanglah ia pada harimau itu. katanya, ‘Hai hulubalang, ikatkanlah.” = Maka didéngar oleh harimau itu, diikatnya ular itu maka dilihat. oleh harimau itu. méngruit rupanya, maka bérfikir— harimau itu. “ Ini barang takut aku ini, kena tipu sahaja.” Maka diambil oleh harimau itu kayu lalu dipukolnya kéna ular itu lalu ular itu bérjalan maka harimau itu pun heiran akan pélandok itu mémbuat bohong atasnya maka bértambah ~ pula marabnya maka dicharinya-pélandok itu maka pélandok itu pun lari bérsangatan jauhnya, maka tiada bértému déngan — harimau itu adanya. Alkésah térsébutlah kalakuan pélandok yang lari itu maka pélandok itu pun lalu ia ménuju sungei yang bésar. Maka di-tépi sungei itu dilihatnya ada satu pohon kayu namanya chadong, buahnya lébeh kurang sabésar buah mata kuching, tétapi masaknya manis. Maka pélandok gémar sangat mémakan itu buah kayu, maka apa akalnya héndak ményébérang sungei itu ayernya déras lagi dalam. Maka dilihatnya buaia banyak sangat, pérgi pélandok itu ménchari témpurong nyiur satu di- pégangnya pada tangannya maka sudah itu berdiri ia pada tépi tébing itu dipanggilnya sékalian buaia itu démkian bunyi- Tyas Hai sékélian Si Rangkak timbul kamu sékéliannya. Raja Suleyman ményuroh mémbilang kamu sémuanya.” Maka buaia itu ménéngar bunyi kata pélandok itu timbul ia sékéliannya Jour. Straits Branch eats 3 NT ery): ¥ A PELANDOK TALE. 95. Maka sudah ia timbul sémuanya disuroh oleh pélandok itu bératur rapat-rapat sampai di-sébérang sungei itu. Maka bér- -aturlah sékslian buaia itu maka turun pélandok di-atas képala buaia itu, ia pun bérbilanglah serta dikatoknya déngan képala témpurong itu akan képala buaia itu démkian _bunyi-nya, “ Satu dua tiga, lékop kéchil bésar képala buaia . télukop. Satu dua tiga, lekop kéchil bésar képala télukop.” Maka hingga sampailah pélandok itu kasébérang. Maka sudah itu naik kaatas darat bérkata pélandok itu. ‘ Hai sékélian kamu si Rangkak, akal aku sahaja héndak ményéberang mémakan buah chadong ini, aku katakan Raja Suleyman yang ményuroh kamu timbul, maka képala kamu sémua-nya ita mérasa aku | katok déngan téimpurong, bukan-lah kamu chérdek, bodoh sémua-nya.” Maka didéngar oleh buaia itu sangatlah marah- nya sémua buaia itu akan pélandok itu. Maka bérkata buaia itu, “ Mushtahil kamu itu tiada héndak minum ayer sékarane. Jika kamu minum ayer sungei ini atau lainnya, maka kamu aku tangkap juga.” Maka kata jawab pélandok itu “ Péroi aku kadarat ayer paya, dan kolam, dan kubang dan lopak, méngapa salahnya ?” -kata ;élandok itu. Kata buaia itu, ‘‘ Barang mana ada ayer ada aku, jangan kamu tiada tahu.” “ Hai,” kata pélan- dok itu, ‘‘ia-lah jika chérdek kamu sékarang dapatlah kamu tangkap aku jika chérdek aku sékarang tidaklah aku mati.” Maka habis kata itu pelandok itupun pérgi ia mémakan buah chadong itu dan buaia itu pun lérpakatlah sékélian buaia yang déripada laut dan sungei dan paya bératur ménunggu sémuanya. | Maka sudah habis périhal buaia itu) maka balik pula dérihal pélandok itu iamémakan buah chadong itu sudahlah kéni nyang sangat, makaia pun sudahlah dahaga héndak minum ayer. Maka pérei pada paya dan kubang dilaungnya démkian bunyi- nya, “Hai Si Rangkak” Maka ményahutia buaia, “ yui,” sahut buaiaitu. Maka térhénti pélandok itu pérgi pulaia pada sungei di-laungnya, sakali ampat yane ményahutnya. Maka, ‘“ Hai,” kata pélandok itu, ‘‘ Jika samacham ini, mati pula, aku ini, héndak minum tiada dapat.” Maka pérgi ia ka-hulu sungei itu dilaung- nya pula, sakali laung sampai sapuloh yang mé€nyahutnya. Heiran-lah ia, naka dilihat oleh pélandok itu ada buloh aur duri satu pérdu saténgahnya tumbang pada ayer itu. Maka ia R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. Re Ly 96 A PELANDOK TALE. ikot batang buloh aur itu didalam rambun yang tébal sangat lalu ia minum. Maka téngah pélandok itu minum bérchépak- ' chépak bunyinya ditangkap oleh buaia itu déri bawahnya dapat oleh buaia itu ranting buloh aur itu sahaja, maka pélandok © itu. térkéjut sérta di-kata-nya ‘ Aduhai-aduhai jangan-lah kuat sangat, hai Si Rangkak.” Maka jawab buaia itu “ Jangan kuat, Ia ini ia baharu kamu mati.” “ Hai,” kata pélandok itu, méntara ia bérjalan pérlahan-lahan kapangkalnya balik, “* Janganlah aku ditarik.” -Maka ditarik oleh buaia itu rémbun ? buloh itu bérhalon-halon ayer itu. Pada halnya pélandok itu = sudah lépas kadarat, buloh itu lékat pangkalnya. Maka kata b pélandok itu, ‘“ Hai. Si Rangkak, apa gunanya kamu tangkap bangkar bulohitu, boleh kamu makankah? Hai kasihan aku akan kamu, térharap sahaja héndak mémakan aku.” Maka méndengarkan kata itu buaia itu pun dilépaskanlah buloh itu. Maka pélandok itu pun bérjalan ia ménchari busut kérana ia héndak tidor prut-nya sudah kénnyang sangat lagi . léteh ia, takutkan harimau yang ditipunya itu. Maka sampei- lah ia suatu busut jantan lalu pélandok itu naik kaatas lalu ia tidor ménéngkor sahajaadanya. : Alkésah tersébotlah pula pri-hal harimau yang héndak ménchari pélandok itu, maka bérjalan-lah'‘harimau itu lalu ia sampei pada tépisungeiitu. Maka bérjumpa ia déngan sa-ekor buaia yang bésar timbul. Maka bértanya buaia itu pada hari- ae mau itu ‘‘ Hai Hulubalang dérimana kamu tadi?” Maka jawab i harimau itu, ‘‘ Aku inj déri dalam hutan yang bésar ini, kiranya a aku héndak ménchari pélandok yang tipu akan aku déripada 4 salai hingga aku héndak bunohnya, sakali déngan sarang tabuan aku bérapa banyak sakit, dan ular’ bésar chemas lagi aku | mati nyémpang pun aku dapat pikir kérana lagi aku lihat ia ~ he ménegruit lalu ular itu bérjalan. Maka ini-lah aku héndak mén- ; chari ia héndak aku makanti.” Maka méndéngarkan chakap harimau itu démikian bunyinya buaia pun bérchérita pula akan ~ = hal pélandok itu mémbuat tipu kapadanya, déngan pélandok itu oq héndak mémakan buah chadong “ Dikatakannya ia dititahkan Raja Suleman héndak mémbilang aku séklian-nya,Maka disuroh- j nya aku sékliannya bératur rapatrapat sampei sébrang sana. d Maka sudah aku bératur sémuanya ia dibawanya képala : témpurong lalu dinaik képala aku sékliannya ia bilanglah | q Jour. Straits Branch - A PELANDOK TALE, 97 sérta, dikatokkannya demikian bunyinya, Satu dua tiga lekop kéchil bésar képala télékup, kata-nya, hingga_habis. Maka tiba ia sébrang sana bharulah ia chakap ia tipu sahaja. Ini- lah aku séklian-nya sakit hati padanya.” Maka harimau itu mendengarkan chétra buaia itu maka lalu harimau itu bérkata képada buaia itu. ‘ Baik kita bérpakat. Antar aku di-sébrang sana boleh aku chariti, boleh tangkap. Jikalau térjun ia ka-ayér rézéki kamu-lah, Jikalau didarat rézéki aku-lah.” Maka kata buaia itu ‘ Ya- lah. ” Maka turun harimau itu di-atas képala buaia itu lalu diantarnya ka-sébrang. Maka tibalah harimau itu di-atas tébing adanya. Alkésah térsébut pula chéritra pélandok itu pada waktu masa harimau itu bérpakat déngan buaia itu ia déngar déri atas tébing bérbétulan sébranenya. Maka bérpikir pélandok itu, ‘ Biar-lah aku bunoh juga harimau itu sekarang, kérana janji dia déngan buaia itu, apakala térjun ka-ayer sékarang rezeki buaia, apakala didapatnya didarat, rézéki harimau. Maka aku tahu buat,” kata pikiran pélandok itu ada-nya. Alkésah térsébut-lah pula chéritra harimau itu yang sudah tiba ka-atas darat itu lalu-lah ia ménchari pélandok itu. Maka Pélandok itu bérdiri ia diténgah térane tiada sémak sangat. Maka di-térkam oleh harimau itu akan pélandokitu. Maka kata harimau itu “ Ini-lah, bharu Sang Di-rimba aku jumpa-ti kamu handak aku makan-ti.” Maka kata, jawab pélandok itu, ‘‘Chuba- Jah pandu jikalau kamu sunygoh Hulabalane dirimba dapat-lah aku sékarang ada-pun yang méngluar-ti kamu itu pun aku. ” Maka méndéngarkan kata itu harimau itu pun ménérkam pada pélandok itu, Maka pélandok itu pun lari dékat tépi tébing. Maka dikéjar olehharimauitu. Maka mélomat pélan- dok itu. balek kadarat. Maka di-déngar oleh buaia itu bér-gémuroh di-atas darat itu harimau bér-térkam déngan pélandok itu bérhimpun buaia itu, ia jaga dékat tépi ayer itu. maka harimau itu pun térkam pula tiada dapat mélompat pelan- -dok itu dékat tépi tébing itu hingga sampai di-pusing-pusing- kan oleh pélandok itu “sapuloh- Kaki lompat. Maka ada satu témpat tébing itu pantai-nya. Maka pélandok itu-pun di-lom- patkannya pada tépi pantai itu. tér-chichah kaki pélandok itu pada ayer itu. Maka melompat ia balekka-darat. Maka harimau itu ikut lompatnya pada tépi ayer itu, tér-lepas dua R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. ane 98 _A PELANDOK TALE. dépa kadalam ayer itu. Maka datang Buaia tangkap, a sangka-nya buaia itu pélandok. Maka mégadohlah sérta sakit-nya harimau itu. Maka buaia itu-pun masakan dapat ditangkapnya harimau itu. lalu ditariknya kata harimau itu, “ Téman jangan mika tangkap,” Maka jawab buaiaitu “Aku ~ tiada fehduli, kérana janji kita dahulu asa-kan kadalam ayer - rézeki aku.” Maka harimau itu pun méndéngar-kan kata buaia démikian itu ménangis ia lalu mati. Maka pélandok ifupun sukalah ia samhil ia berkata ‘‘ Tarik-lah Si-Ringkak makan-ti. Kérana ia itu bésar déripada eku, aku ini apa guna-nya? Satu ekor pun tiada bérasa.” Maka ini-lah sétia Cees buaia. Ini- lah jangan adanya. - Alkésah térsibut pula chéritra pélandok yang sida lépas ~ idérpada mara-nya itu lalulah ia bérjalan ménuju kampong Raja Suleyman itu. Maka tiba ia pélandok itu dékat déngan- rumah orang ada didalam kampong itu didéngarnya orang itu téngah berjawab akan béliong. Maka adapun satu orange méminjam satu mata béliong kapada satu orange lamanya ~ sudah satu tahun sudan. Maka tiada dipulangkan oleh orang yang meminjam itu, Maka ditunggu oleh orang yang ampunya. Maka kata orang yang meminjam itu tiada lagi itu ata béliong kérana sudah makan bubok. Maka hingga pérgi orang dua orany itu bichara hapada Raja. Maka tiba orane itu kapada Raja lala dis@mbah oleh orang yang ampunya béliong itu kapada Raja. Maka kata Raja, dipéréksa di-atas orang yang méminjam béliong itu, kata jawab orangitu “Ya, dia méminjam- nya akan tétapi itu mata béliong sudah habis di-makan oleh bukok, tuan-ku. Maka tuan-nya yang punya itu tiada ia mahu hilang, ia mahu ada juga.” Maka Raja itu pun kélamlah_pikir- nya kérana tiada patut juga itu mata béliong di-makan bubok. Kata Raja itu. * Pérgi panggil oleh kamu, hai anjing, Sélang © Dirimba, kérana kamu yang tahu akan menchari Sélang Dirimba, 99 itu lain orang tiada tahu akan témpat-nya.” Maka pérgi-lah anjing itu hingga sampai séténgah hari baharu-lah bérjumpa. Maka bérjumpa anjing itu déngan pélandok itu kata anjing itu “ Wai Sélang Dirimba tuan-ku Raja Suleyman mémanggil kamu.” Maka pélandok itu pun méndéngarkan kata anjing itu lalu-lah la pérgi pada rumah Raja Suleyman itu. Makaia pun naiklah ka-atas rumah Raja Suleyman itu lalu ditégor oleh Raja Jour. Straits Branch — . ‘ ‘ i : a = ee ara ‘ ; a . an tae W ; ; y es a ms 7 : Aa 2 # ; : Ws a an ei hein es the ml 7 " aif kp , be ed é a. Ye Pei we Te hy u er : pk phe Sod * : a : 2 er Pai s ne Oe aS ee Pe LE ee Se fe LE at Rie Se eae ey ey, 7 eee PE pa "i Pee GT eo Po yee Bia Sa pie a: ee eget 7 Sk ee Dee TAP tay oo T (aii eee eT ee ee Oe ie te Says Aer 7 FO WY em ry meme i ee a “la , en a Molen” Sen a ey ee eee eee ‘HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAL. 99 Suleyman itu “Hai Sélang Dirimba.” “ Tuan-ku,’ kat jawab-nya. Maka kata Raja itu. ‘‘ Aku panggil akan Sélang. Dirimba ini orang, dua orang, ada bérbalah-balah akan pasal mata béliong, satu orang yang punya dan satu orang yang mém- injam. Kata oleh orang yang méminjam ini mata béliong sudah di-makan oleh bubok. Maka kata tuan-nya ia tiada mahu ia bér- kahéndak juga. Ménjadi aku tiada tahuakan pikir-nya télah aku mintak hukum akan pada Toh Sélane Dirimba-lah pérkara ini.” Maka jawab oleh pélandok itu, “ Télah bénarlah tuanku akan tétapi-nya biar patek pérgi mandi dabulu. ‘“ Maka pérgi- lah pélandok itu mandi ka-tébing, lalu ia pérgi pada lalane yang sdah térbakar oleh orang dékat déngan kampong Rajah itu. Maka béreuling-culing ia pada témpat abu lalang itu lalu badan-nya itam. Maka sudah ita pélandok itu pun balek nail ka-rumah Raja itu hari pun sudah pétang. Maka dilihat oleh Raja itu badan pélandok itu itam déngan abu lalang itu. Maka dipéréksa oleh Raja itu “ Apa*kéna Toh Sélang Dirimba badan itam sangat ini? Katakan héndak pérgi mandi. Maka mandi apa macham ayer-nya.’ Maka jamab pélandok itu ‘*Ampun _ tuan-ku, bénar juga, patek tadi héndak mandi; akan tétapi patek pun tiba ka-tébing itu, patek lihat laut dékat kampong tuan-ku ini tér-bakar, Maka ini-lah patek pérgitulong-ti. Maka sudah -habis padam api itu patek pun balek kamari ini-lah sébab jadi -badan patek ini itam di-sénggau oleh api itu,” Maka Raja itu méndéngar-kan sémbah pélandok itu térpénpan-nya ia, * Hai,” kata Raja itu, “‘sangat lah tiada patut, pada pikiran hati aku laut dimakan oleh api.” Dan séklian orang yang bichara itu pun hairan-lah juga méndéngar-nya. Maka kata pélandok itu, “Macham mana pikiran tuan-ku tiada pérchaya-kah akan hal patek ini?” Maka jawab Raja itu “ Hai Sélang Dirimba tiada- lah patut pada akal aku, dan tiada pérnah aku méndéngar déri- pada zaman dahulu-dahulu-kala pun hal-ini.” Dan tambahan pula kata orang yang méminjam béliong itu pun tiada juga patut. Maka jawaboleh pélandokitu ‘‘ Ampun tuan-ku béribu- ribu ampundéri kérana ini-lah sébab mata béliong itu tiada patut pada akal patek di-makan oleh bubok kérana tiada pérnah mén- déngar déri-pada zaman dahulu kala pun.” Maka méndéngar oleh Raja ituakan kata pélandok itu, baharu-lah jatoh hukum pada orang yang méminjam mata béliong itu mahu-lah dipulang- R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 100 ~ A PELANDOK TALE. c kan atau kamu ganti dengan,samacham orang itu punya juga adanya. Alkésah térsébut pula akan d&ri-hal P&landok itu habis. sudab lépas bichara itu. Pélandok itu pun mémohunkan balek. Maka balek-lah ia. Maka lalulah ; élandok itu pérgi beciotne pada suatu dusun ia héndak ménchari durian. Maka télah ~ _ bérjumpa ia déngan suatu harimau. Maka di-tégor oleh harimau itu akan pélandok itu, kata harimau itu “Hai- = Sélange Dirimba déri-mana kamu tadi?? ” Kata jawab Pélan- dok itu, “ Aku ini datang déri-pada rumah Raja lépas ménjatoh- kan hukum orang, dua orang bér-balah-balah-kan pasal pinjam dan beri satu mata béliong. Maka télah sélési-lah — sudah ada-nya.” Maka habis itu chakap, bér-kata harimau itu kapada pélandok itu démikian, kata-nya, ‘‘Ada-lah téman ini” kata harimau itu, ‘‘tidor samalam bérmimpi aku mémakan ~ kambing jantan itaw. Maka apa-lah pikir Toh Sélang Dirimba — kérana “aku ini héudak pérgi méndapatkan kambing itu, pakai-— kah-aku ini atau tiada.” Maka sahut pélandok itu. “ Jangan at kamu pérgi pada kambing itu, pérgi kamu méndapatkan a Suleyman bicharakan. Ne eschaya Hulubalang sékarang sénapg kérana kambing itu di-panggil oleh Raja itu.” Maka harimau ~ itu _pun sébab méndénvarkan pérkata-an pélandok itu lalu ia pérgi dirumah Raja Suleyman. Maka télah tiba pada rumah Rajaitu di-tégor oleh Raja itu, “ Déri-mana Hulubalang Dirimba itu?” Maka sahut Harimauitu, “ Tuanku, patek ini datang déri rumah patek kérana héndak mengadap duli tuanku.” Maka jawab Raja Suleyman, “ Apahajat?” Maka jawab Hari- mau itu, ‘Patek ini héndak bér-maalum-kan sémbah kabawah — duli sépérti patek tidor samalam bérmimpi patek mémakan kambing jantan itam. Maka apa-lah hukum-nya?” Maka jawab Raja itu, “Hai, aku pun tiada pérnah lagi mémakan kambing jantan itam, Toh Hulubalang sudah pula mémimpi-- nya.” Maka habisitu di panggil oleh Raja Suleyman anjing disurohnya pérgi mémanggil Sélang Dirimba. Maka anjing © itu pun pérgi-lah mémanggil Sélang Dirimba dicharinya hing- — ga puas sudah tiada bérjumpa. Maka Sélane Dirimba pada ~ masa waktu harimau itu pérgi di-rumah Raja Suleyman itu, ia sudah pérgi méndapat kambing jantan itam yang didalam kampoug bérdékat déngan rumah Raja itu. Lalu ia Sélang — Jour. Straits Branch — A PELANDOK TALE, 101 Dirimba bérkata kapada kambing itu. ‘Hai kambing itam, kamu jaga héndak dimakan oleh harimau kérana ia térkénangkan mimpinya pada aku tadi ia kata, ‘ Tidor aku samalam bérmimpi aku mémakan kambing itam. Maka apalah hukumnya mimpi aku ini ia Sélang Dirimba.’ Maka aku jawab-kan aku tiada tahu pérgi kamu pada Raja ia-lah yane tahu akan méhukumkan. Maka habis itu harimau itu pun pérgi lah tadi ka-rumah Raja. Maka kapada pikiran kamu kambing macham mana, takut-kah atau tiada?” Maka jawab oleh kambing itu, katanya kapada pélandok itu. “Hai Sélang Dirimba apalah akhtiar aku ini kapa- da Toh Sélang Dirimba-lah?” Maka jawab oleh pélandok itu, - “Hfaikambing siap kamu-suloh daun nyiur satu batange bér-lékas- lékas kérana Raja héndak tiba panggil kapada aku ini.” Maka kambing itu pun méndéngarkan kata ;élandok ia pun méngam- bil daun nyiur Jalu dibuatkannya suloh. Makasudah itu bér- kata pélandok itu, “‘Pérgi kamu dahulu kapada Rumah Rajaitu di- dalam sémak dékat rumah méngéndap ménantiaku panggil séka- rang, datany naik ka-rumah Raja itu.” Maka habisitu chakap kambing pun pérgilah ia kapada dékat rumah Raja itu méngén- dap ia didalam sémak itu. Makakambing itu sudah pérei anjing itu pun sampéi-lah ia pada pélandok itu sérta disuroh démikian bunyi-nya ‘ Hai, Sélane Dirimba, tuanku Raja Suleyman mémanggil sékarang.” Maka pélandok itu’ méndéngarkan kata aujing itu lalu ia pérgi hingga sampai pada rumah Raja itu sérta disuroh oleh Raja itu, ‘ Hai Sélang Dirimba aku pany- gil akan kamu ini suatu pasal, harimau datanea kapada aku, ia bérkhabarkan mimpinya samalam,ia kata didalam mimpi itu ia mémakan kambing jantanitam, Maka kapada pikiran Toh © Sélang Dirimba macham mana mimpi harimau itu?” Maka ja-— wab oleh pélandok itu “ Ampun tuanku bér-ribu-ribu sémbah patek kabawah duli déripada itu lébeh maalumlah kapada tuan-ku pikiran patek, lébeh baik kita panggil kambing itu.” Maka habis chakap pélandok itu Raja pun suroh panggil képada anjing akan kambing. Maka kambing itupun méndéngar-kan hukum Raja itu ia kéna panggil. Maka kéluar kambing itu. Maka datang anjing itu dilihat lalulah dipanggil oleh anjing itu. “ Hai, ‘Sang Kambing tuan-ku mémangeil.” Maka kam- - bing pun naik- -lah ka-atas rumah itu dan sulohnya di-tinggal-kan- nya di-tanah. Maka tiba-tiba dudok Raja pun péréksa kapada R A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 102 A PELANDOK TALE. kambing itu. ‘ Hai, Sang-Kambing, kamu aku panggil kérana Hulubalang méngadap kapada aku ia bérmimpi samalam méma- kan Sang Kambing. Makaapa macham pikirau Sang Kambing ? ” Maka jawab oleh kambing itu ‘‘ Ampun tuanku bér-ribu-ribu ” ampun kabawah duli, akan hal patek ini lébeh maaJum-lah kapada tuan-ku. Jikalau boleh patek mémuhunkan séwbah sangat-lah tiada izin kapada hati patek kerana jalan mati itu mimpi.” Maka sahut Raja itu. ‘‘ Hai Sang kambing itu télah bénar-lah saneat, akan tétapi-nya hukum kapada aku tiap-tiap mimpi mémakan mau di-makan-kan dan tiap-tlap mimpi mémakai mau di-pakai-kan dan tiap-tiap mimpi bér-bini mau di-nikah-kan atau lain-nya.”’ Maka habis chakap Raja itusudah. Maka pélandok — itu tidor ia di-péjam-kan-nya mata-nya. Maka di-lihat oleh Raja itu akan kalakuan pélandok itu tidor rupa. Maka di panggil oleh Raja itu akan pélandok itu, ‘‘ Hai Sélange Dirimba?”? Maka térjaga-lah ia pélandok itu. méndéngarkan panggil Raja itu. Maka tia tiba ia-pun jaga déripada tidornya lalu disurohnya kambing itu méngambil suloh demikian bunyi-nya; “ Hai Sang Kambing pérgi kamu ambil suloh lékas.” Maka pérgi-lah kambing turun méngambil sulohnya. Maka kata pélandok itu, ‘“‘ Pasang api.” Maka di-pasang oleh kambing itu api pada suloh, di-lihat oleh Raja itu pélandok gadch memintak suloh kapada kambing itu bér-kata Raja itu. ‘‘Hai Sélane Dirimba apa nama-nya ménegkin bér-gadoh déngan suloh ini?” Maka dijawab oleh pélandok itu, “ Tuan-ku paték méngantok di sini tadi, bérmimpi patek mémakar rumah tuan-ku, ini-lah ménekinnya patek héndak bakar-ti akan rumah.” ‘“ Siapa béri hukum mémakar rumah aku?” Maka kata jawab pélandok, “ Ampun tuanku bér-ribu-ribu ampun, ada pun sébab patek hén- — dak bakar ini rumah tuan-ku, kérana patek mimpi mémakar | rumah tuan-ku, ini déngan hrkum tuan-ku kérana_ tiap-tiap © mimyi mémakan makan-kan dan tiap-tiap mimpi mémakai pakai- — kan dan tiap-tiap bér-istri dinikabkan.” Maka Raja itu mén- déngarkan kata pélandok itu démikian bunyi-nya, “ Hai Hari- mau, jangan kamu makan kambing itu, kérana jikalau ada mimpi yang démikian, apa-apa mimpi jangan-lah dipérbuat’adanya ~ kérana thalim hukum-nya.” Tamat. A Fourth Contribution to the Knowledge | of the Hymenoptera of Sarawak.* By P. CAMERON. For the opportunity of describing the following species I am indebted to Mr. John. Hewitt, the present curator of the Sarawak Museum. EVANIIDA. Pristaulacus fasciatupennis, sp. nov. Black, the antennal scape red; the greater part of the anterior femora, their tibie and tarsi dark red, the apical 2 joints of the tarsi black; the 4 posterior tarsi dark rufo- testaceous ; wings clear hyaline, the median cellule except at the apex, the submedian cellules except the Ist narrowly at the base, a band at the stigma and of its width extending from ° it to the cubital nervure, covering the Ist transverse cubital nervure and one on the apex, fuscous violaceous ; the nervures and stigma, black. 2. Length to end cf ist abdominal segment JG Saareaw Kuching. September. Thorax in front armed on either side above the collar with 2 stout teeth, the upper being more slender and sharper; base of mesonotum roundly incised, its sides broadly rounded. Collar longish, smooth and shining, its apex at the sides closely punctured. Midlobe of mesonotum raised, clearly separated, narrowed gradually towards the apex; sone transversely striated ; the basal two striae separated from the others by a space ; ( lateral slope is similarly striated; the apex of the mesonotum is coarsely reticulated. Spee) cane in the middle stoutly transversely striated, the sides bordered by stout longi- * See also ‘‘Descriptions of New Species of Iphiaulax and Chaolta (Braconide) from Sarawak, Borneo,” Journ. Str. Br. Roy. Asiatic Soc. XLII. pp. 23-52 eos Jour. S: B. R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 104 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, — tudinal striz. Median segment coarsely fcHicuheds the ae — culations on the lower part of the pleure are longish, regular and oblique; above, the strie form shorter, more rounded reti- culations. Coxe stoutly, irregularly striated ; the hind femora are finely, closely punctured, almost striated, the claws with _ 4 teeth besides the apical one. ‘Transverse median nervure interstitial or almost so, it touching the hinder edge of the transverse basal. | = ee sie Apart from the MPrevcnccs in coloration this species 5 differs from the other Sarawak ‘species—P. erythrocephalus Cam. in the pronotum being toothed. It belongs to Derato- dontus Bradley (which, however, appears to be identical with Pristaulacus Kieff. sensu str.) Ao that it has 4, instead of _ 2 teeth on the pronotum. Rea CONTE - BRACONINA. Iphiaulax Hewrttir, sp. nov: Luteous ; the antennz, a large mark occupying the front, — except on the sides below and extending above to the hinder ocelli where it is roundly narrowed, the base of mesonotum, the centre and sides of median segment, the abdomen and the hinder legs, black ; the ventral surface white, with large black — marks on the sides ; wings to the transverse basal and median -nervures yellowish fae fuscous beyond ; the stigma black, — obscure testaceous behind. @ ; 2 Length 8 mm. ; terebra 6 mm. Kuching. September. Face paler, more yellowish than the rest of the heads rugosely punctured ; sparsely covered with long fuscous hair. Apex of mandibles black. Palpi pale testaceous, covered with pale hair. Apex of mesonotum flat. Median segment covered with longish white pubescence. First abdominal segment broad, as long as the 2nd; smooth, its centre near the apex irregularly, stoutly striated : the lateral depressions broad, smooth. The area on the Ond segment is large, smooth, trig Jour; Straits Branch 1 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 105 - angular, longer than its width at the base; its apical keel short; the lateral basal ares are clearly defined, smooth, triangular; except on the ares and the apex the segment is irregularly, closely striated; the 3rd segment is irregularly punctured on either side of the middle, the smooth. central part being triangular. Suturiform articulation deep, closely crenulated; there is a narrow obscurely crenulated furrow on the apex of the 3rd segment and an obscure indica- tion of one on the apex of the 4th. Hypopygium black in the centre, the sides pale. A species closely allied to I. thepszs Cains with which it agrees in colouration, except that the latter had not the head and base of thorax marked with black; otherwise thepsis is easily known by the very much smaller plate on the base of the 2nd abdominal segment—I. portews Cam. is similarly coloured, but is much larger; the area on 2nd segment is stoutly bordered by oblique striz, the 3rd is closely striated _ throughout and the yellow-hyaline extends to the recurrent nervyure. Iphiaulax sadongensis, sp. nov. Luteous, the antennz, front, vertex, occiput and outer orbits, black, the wings to the lower half of the transverse basal nervure and to shortly beyond the transverse median, yellowish-hyaline, the costa and neryures reddish-luteous in the yellow basal part; the rest of the wings dark fuscous; the basal half of the stigma reddish luteous; the usual cloud in the Ist cubital cellule yellowish-hyaline. There is a small, pyriform mark on the sides of the front at the top of, and touching the eyes; the centre of the Ist abdominal segment and the 2nd and 38rd are strongly, closely longitudinally striated; the Ist with a stout keel down the middle; there is no defined area on the base of the 2nd seg- ment, beyond the cenure being more strongly striated. 2 Length 13 mm.; terebra 5 mm. Sadong. ene Abdomen broad, ovate, as long as the thorax and wider than it. The face and oral region are pale yellowish testace- RA, Soc., Ne. i46, 190€. 106 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, ous; they are covered with longish pale hair; in the middle of the face is a deep furrow of uniform width; the face is — smooth, flat. Median segment thickly covered with long fulvous hair. Basal abdominal furrows broad, deep, stoutly erenulated ; the Ist is broad, deep; the lateral borders smooth there are deep, smooth furrows on the apices of the 3rd, 4th | and 5th segments; the oblique furrows on the base of the 2nd are deep. ‘The sides of the segments are densely covered with fulvous pubescence. Wings very large, wide; the trans- verse median nervure is not quite interstitial. The hind tarsi are black except at the extreme base. There is a distinct ~ transverse furrow at the clypeus. Palpi yellowish. This species comes nearest to J. xanthopsis Cam., from Ceylon, both having black heads ; it is larger and stouter; the 2 may be separated thus : A broad yellow line on the upper inner orbits, extending from the ocelli to the antenne ; the furrow on the top of the face not reaching tothe middle... ie . Aanthopsis. Only a yellow mark on the inner upper aunihe ; the furrow on the face reaching to the clypeus ... ree Sadongensis. Iphiaulax cwrvinervis, sp. nov. Black, the antennal scape, head, thorax and 4 front legs red ; the posterior cox, trochanters and femora black, tinged _ with brown; palpi pale testaceous, covered with white pubes- cence; wings highly iridescent, hyaline, the base slightly, but. - distinctly infuscated, the costa, stigma and nervures pale fus- cous; the transverse median nervure sharply, ae sloped in a ine with the transverse median; the prediscoidal neryure roundly curved towards the cubitus, the discoidal cellule being — therefore narrowed at the apex. The basal 5 abdominal seg-— ments are strongly, closely longitudinally striated; the stri- ation on the Ist segment is sparser and moye irregular ; in the centre of the “apical part is a stout longitudinal keel, which bifurcates at the base; the segment is of equal width throughout and is distinctly longer than the second. The area on the 2nd segment is stoutly striated, becomes gradually narrowed and — extends to the apex of the segment. Suturiform articulation ’ Jour, Straits Branch ¢ 4: HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 107 narrow, crenulated ; there is a curved crenulated furrow on the base of the 4th ae, 5th segments, and distinct transverse ones on the apices of the 3rd, 4th and 5th; the 6th is depressed at the base and is finely closely, raed there. The 3rd segment ‘is suffused with rufous in the middle. The hind coxe are longer than usual; these are 3 times longer than wide. The pubescence on the legs (especially the hinder) is long and dense. 6. Length 8 mm. Hab. Kuching. . This species is distinguished by the oblique transverse median nervure and by the preebrachial nervure being roundly curved at the preediscoidal cellule towards the cubitus. Other- wise it is not unlike I ezerzas Cam. Iphiaulax umaus, sp. nov. Black, the head, pro- and mesothorax and 4 anterior legs red-; the wings uniformly dark fuscous, the costa, nervures and stigma black; the basal 5 segments of the abdomen closely, uniformly longitudinally striated; the plate on the 2nd seg- ment smooth and shining, the basal part broader than long, its apex obliquely narrowed ; the apical continuation extends be- yond the middle of the segment and becomes gradually nar- - rowed to a sharp point ; the suturiform articulation is rufous in the middle. ©. - Length 9 mm.; terebra 7 mm. Kuching. Deceiver: 18th. Head smooth, the ce sparsely covered with: long white hair; the head is cubital; the temples nearly as long as the upper part of the eyes; fee are straight, not narrowed, with the hinder part rounded. Frontal furrow narrow, deep, ex- tending from the ocelli to the antennz. Antennal scape with- a, projection—broad at the base, narrowed towards the apex—on the apex below and extending close to the apex of the 2nd joint. Apex of mesonotum depressed, flat in the mid- dle; its apex is bordered: by a smooth, narrow transverse : keel; behind which is a crenulated one. The _ base of RB A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 108 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. the metapleure and the metanotum in the centre at the base — are red; the metanotum covered sparsely with long white hair; — the metapleural furrow is wide and deep. The basal half of the central part of the lst abdominal segment is smooth and shining, and there is a smooth line down the centre of the apical part, this line being aciculated towards the apex. Suturiform articulation deep, closely crenulated; there is no furrow on the apex of the 2nd segment, or on the 3rd; there is a narrow, distinct, crenulated furrow on the base of ‘He Ath. Ventral segments white, with large black marks on the sides. The abdomen is as long as the head and thorax united and is” wider than the latter. Palpi black, covered with white hair. — Legs thickly covered with short, white ASI ake the middle ~ coxe are infuscated before and behind. Iphiaulax triornatus, sp. nov. Rufo-testaceous, the antenne, 3 large marks on the mesonotum, the apical 2 segments of the abdomen, and the hind legs, black; wings hyaline, the costa and stigma black, the nervures paler, bhe base of the stigma whitish po ge Be - Length 7 mm.; terebra 3 mm. Kuching. Abdomen. broad, Ave as long as the ee the area on 2nd segment small, triangular and with a smooth keel twice its length. The central area of the 1st segment is smooth in the middle, the sides reticulated; the lateral furrows wide, irregularly transversely striated in the middle. The 2nd to 4th segments are longitudinally, closely rugose; the suturi- form articulation crenulated; there is a similar furrow on the — base of the 4th and a narrower one on the 5th; there are narrower crenulated furrows on the apices of the 4th and oth. Temples long, not narrowed behind, the hinder edges rounded. Face somewhat strongly but not closely punctured; there is a triangular depression over the clypeus. Malar furrow distinct, deep. Hind legs stouter than usual; the femora on the basal half above and a ring on the base of the tibie testaceous; the tarsi are shorter than the tibiz; thick, the metatarsus as long as the following two joints united. The black apical Jour. Straits Branch HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK.. 109 — segment of the abdomen is narrowly edged with white at the apex. Iphiaulax alboornatus, sp. nov. Rufo-testaceous, the flagellum of antenneze black; the 4th and 5th segments of the abdomen broadly black; the 6th and the sides and ventral surface of the 7th white; the head paler coloured than the thorax; wings hyaline, the basal half suffused with fulvous; the basal nervures testaceous, the apical black; the parastigma and See black, the base of the after testaccous: Length 7 mm., terebra 4 mm. Kuching. March. | - Basal 5 segments of abdomen closely rugosely striated, the stris becoming weaker towards the apex; area on 2nd segment smooth, triangular, not quite so long as it is wide at the base; the lst segment is wider at the apex than it is long; the lateral furrows are transversely striated. Suturiform articulation wide, crenulated ; it is the only transverse furrow. The abdomen is elongate oval and is slightly longer than the head and thorax united. Head cubital, the temples broadly rounded behind, densely covered with short pale pubescence. Face closely, finely punctured, a wide, deep, short furrow in the centre of the top. Front with a distinct furrow down the -centre. Third abscissa of the radius as long as the basal two united; recurrent nervure not interstitial; there is a minute cloud below the parastigma. Parapsidal furrows shallow. The edges of the lobes of the mesonotum are paler than the - centre. EXOTHECINA, Spinaria Westwoodt, sp. nov. Rufo-testaceous, the back of the abdomen darker coloured, the flagellum of the antennez black, the hinder tarsi black and thickly covered with black hair; wings fuscous, the anterior. to the transverse basal nervure yellowish hyaline; the posterior with the basal half yellow-hyaline. ¢. Length 8 mm, Kuching. June. R, A. Soc., No. 46, 19(6, \ 110 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. Head, pro- and mesothorax smooth; the metanotum sparsely punctured, all the abdominal segments closely, strongly _ longitudinally striated. The spine on the pronotum is stout, — long and curved. Near the apex of the propleure are 2 stout, - curved keels; in front of them 2 short ones on the lower side; there are 3 stout keels in front of the spine on the pronotum. Scutellar depression large, with 2 keels. Base of metanotum depressed and with a keel down its centre; down the middle, extending from close of the base to the apex, is a longitudinal keel; bordering it on the apical halfis, on either side, a roundly curved keel, uniting these with the central; below the middle, is an oblique curved one, from the outer edge of which runs upwards an oblique one; the sides are stoutly keeled, the keel dilated into a blunt tooth below the middle; from these teeth 2 keels run to the inner keel, forming an area, open at the lower innerside, below these are 2 longitudinal keels, forming a closed area, twice longer than wide. Pleural furrow shallow, smooth. ‘The central keel on the apex of the 3rd abdominal segment becomes thickened into a blunt tooth ; there is a similar projection on the middle of the 4th, but much larger, and it commences near the base of the segment ; the sides of the 3rd segment project at the apex into a stout tooth, narrowed towards the apex; a similar, but longer and stouter tooth, is on the sides of the 4th; the last segment ends” in a longish curved spine. The furrows are deep and stoutly striated; the basal slope of the lst segment is smooth; in the middle are 2 keels, and the sides are also keeled. The median segment, breast and legs are densely covered with fulvous pubescence. The back of the abdomen may be infuscated. Allied to S. cwrvispina Cam.and 8S. dimidiata, West. . Both of these species have the abdomen for the greater part black. The species is a Spanaria as limited by Enderlein (Stett. Ent. Zeits., 1905, p. 229), Spinaria being now limited to the species with a spine 6n prothorax. SPATHIIN At. Habnoba petiolata, Cam. This species (described Journ. Straits Branch Royal As. Jour. Straits Branch ~ HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 111 Soc. 1905, p. 107) has been sent by Mr. Hewitt from Kuching. It is probably variable as regards the colouration of the legs and thorax and as regards the amount of red they bear. The prothorax in Mr. Hewitt’s example is entirely red; the middle lobe of the mesonotum is largely suffused with rufous, the fore legs, except the tarsi, are rufous testaceous, the coxe being of a brighter tint than the rest; the middle legs at the base are brownish, the tibize being lighter coloured than the femora and the tarsi, except for the white basal band, are fuscous. The palpi, it may be added, are long, the maxillary reaching to the base of the metanotum; the 4 anterior femora are dilated at the apex, the fore pair more distinctly than the middle. DORYCTINA. ‘ Neotrimerus mgrobalteatus, sp. nov. Reddish testaceous, the sides of the basal two segments of the abdomen and the 8rd and following segments of the abdomen greyish green, the antennz, an oblique mark on the sides of the 2nd abdominal segment at the area, a trans- verse one on the side ot the 8rd and transverse ones across the 4th to 6th extending close to the sides, black; legs coloured like the thorax, the hinder tarsi blackish; the spines on the hinder cox pale yellow ; wings to the transverse me- dian nervure fulvous, suffused with fuscous, the rest dark fuscous, the stigma and nervures black. Length 11-12 ; terebra 4 mm. Kuching, November.: ° Head, pleureze and metanotum densely covered with longish white pubescence; the mesonotum and scutellum smooth shining, glabrous ; the legs, except the tarsi, are densely covered with long white hair; the pubescence on the tarsi is shorter and stiffer; the apices of the joints are spinose. Face rugosely punctured, its centre raised, narrowed below; the clypeus is distinctly punctured. Except on the pleure behind, the pro- thorax is strongly, closely punctured, the pronotum more strong- ly than the pleura, which, below the suture, are irregularly striated. - The oblique suture, on the mesopleurz and that over R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 112 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. the sternum are crenulated. Metanotum closely reticulated, — a keel down its centre; the metapleure punctured at the base, ae irregularly reticulated elsewhere. The basal 4 segments of the — abdomen are closely longitudinally striated, the striz becoming - ! gradually weaker; the base of the dth segment is weakly = = = ~ punctured ; the apical two are smooth and shining. The basal oe tooth on the hind coxe is long, curved; and its apex reaches to the end the coxe; the lower one is much smaller, hardly one fourth of the length of the upper. The 2nd sia cellule is clearly longer than wide, its apex being not much more than _ half its length on the posterior side; the 2nd transverse cubital nervure is about the length of the 1st abscissa of the radius ; it is shorter than the Ist, the 2nd cellule being thus narrower at the apex than at the base. 3 There are 5 short, stout spines on the innerside of the _ fore tibiee; the abdomen is broader than the thorax; it is longish oval and is as long as the head and thorax united ; the ocelli are in a black spot ; a keel runs down from them to the antennee ; the antenna are filiform, much longerthan the body. The longitudinal neryure in the hind wings is roundly curved. — AGATHINA, : Disophrys tinctipennis, sp. nov. Luteous, the flagellum and the hinder tarsi black; wings — fuscous, the base to the transverse median and to the. top of the transverse basal yellowish hyaline, the hinder fuscous, | yellowish hyaline at the base. 6.. Length 8 mm. Kuching. September. Flagellum of antennse thickly 3 covered eh black, the scape and thorax with fulvous pubescence. Face, clypeus and thorax distinctly, moderately closely punctured. The keel running from the outer ocelli to the antenne is stout; in the centre is a narrower keel. Middle lobe of mesonotum separat- ed; in its middle, on the basal slope, is a stout keel, which ends in 2 fine ones. Mesopleure furrow irregularly crenulated. Scutellar depression large, with 3 stout keels in the middle; — Jcur, Straits Branch HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, 118 the apex of scutellum bordered by a stout keel; the scutellum is more strongly punctured than the mesonotum. Post-scu- tellum stoutly keeled laterally, the united keels produced behind. Areola longer than it is wide at the apex, which is tranverse, — the base is narrowed obliquely to a sharp point; this is bor- dered at the base by a triangular area, the apex being shortly beyond the middle of the areola; a keel runs from its base to the top of the apical slope which is bordered by a stout keel; the areola thus formed is four-angled, the base being long and_ sharp-pointed; the spiracular area is large; on the apical slope is a large central with an irregular keel in its middle and a smaller square area. Below the middle of the mesopleure, on the apical half, is an oblique - furrow, which encloses with the lower wider crenulated one a | triangular area. The keel bordering the sides of the metanotum is twice roundly dilated at the base, the basal being the longer, below these at the apex is a small and a large bluntly rounded tooth. Abdomen smooth; the basal segment is more than twice longer than it is wide at the apex, it is as long as the following 2 segments united. The malar space is half the length of the eyes. Areolet narrowed in front, the nervures touching there; the outer one is obliquely sloped towards the | cubitus, the lower, and much smaller part, is sloped towards the base of the cellule. Cremnops borneand, sp. nov. — | Luteous, a broad band across the ocelli, the antennz, apex of the hind tibize and the hind tarsi, black ; wings fuscous; the _base of the stigma and the nervure yellow; the base to the transverse median nervure and to near the lower. part of the transverse basal yellowish hyaline; a hyaline cloud fills the 1st cubital cellule and extends across to the base of the anal -nervure. @. Length 7 mm.; terebra 4 mm. Kuching. October. Head and thorax closely covered with short white pubes- cence. Palpicolouredlikethe head. Malar space as longasthe eyes. - Thorax closely covered with short pale pubescence ; R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. : *8 114 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, mesonotum with a shallow furrow on the basal slope. Areola A-shaped, pointed to the base of the metanotum by a A -shaped furrow ; it bears 3 stout, transverse keels, the basal being less distinct than the others; from it stout transverse keels run to — the outer edge of the Tact nm: the lower ones going beyond the spiracles. Areolet square; the recurrent nervure is dilated backwards at its junction with the cubitus; the transverse median nervure is received shortly beyond the transverse basal. The frontal depression is bordered outwardly by a wee curved rounded keel. enna. Pimpline. Epirhyssa tuberculata, sp. nov. Black, the basal segments of the abdomen tinged with brown ; the inner orbits opposite the eyes broadly, the face, clypeus, the outer orbits from near the’top of the eyes broadly, a broad, oblique mark on the sides of the pronotum in front, base of tegule, a mark on the scutellar keels, a mark, about the same size, on the sides of the scutellum at the base, 2 large marks on the median segment, broadly dilated inwardly at the base of the metanotum, where they are separated by a narrow black line, proceeding downwards along the outerside of the spiracles and having, immediately below, on the apex of the metapleure, a smaller mark, longer than wide and dilated above the tuber- cles, a large mark immediately bélow these, reaching the sternum at the base and having the lower outer edge bi- if not tridentate; a minute line on the apex of the 1st abdominal segment, 2 large transverse marks near the apex of the dth, a small, somewhat heart-shaped, mark shortly behind the middle of the 6th in the centre, a much larger mark, twice longer than ~ wide, and slightly narrowed towards the apex, the anterior legs, except the tarsi, in front, a large, somewhat pyriform, mark on the outerside of the middle coxx, a broad stripe down the middle of the hinder cox, the apex of the middle femora below; the posterior almost entirely below and the middie tibiz behind, bright sulphur yellow. Wings fulvo-hyaline, the — Jour. Straits Branch ‘boa sgh ale i “¥ os a eh : Rey Z se en ke we) Le So De e or - t 5 =! 4 - eee Se) ns ie sg A Te A Oe aD Ca ae eh adetiel! 4 ; ‘y hal oe ee es ay « ie , : HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, 15 apex of the anterior (especially the radial cellule) fuscous vio- laceous, the nervures and stigma black. 6. ~ Length 28 mm. Kuching. _ Face closely punctured, thickly covered with short white pubescence. Clypeus smooth, broadly depressed in the middle, broadly bilobate. Labrum bilobate, the lobes more widely separated than those of the clypeus, darker coloured and more oblique. The striation on the mesonotum is coarse; on the apex in the middle it is closer and more rugose, more reticulated. Scutellum finely, irregularly transversely striated; the rest of the thorax and the abdomen is smooth and shining. The basal abscissa of the radius is straight and oblique, the apical is broadly roundly curved towards the costa ; the recurrent nervure - is received beyond the transverse cubital at a slightly greater - distance than the length of the latter; the transverse median nervure is received shortly beyond the latter; the transverse median nervure in the hind wings is broken near the top. Antenne slightly serrate towards the apex; the scape is yellow below. The hind tibiz are brownish above, yellowish below. Mandibles black, shortly, bluntly bidentate. Palpi yellow. Temples short, rounded. The tubercles are prominent; the lower part of the metapleure project into prominent tubercles, longer than wide, somewhat pyzitorm, dilated posteriorly above. The lst segment of the abdomen is long, narrow, about one fourth longer than the 2nd. The disco-cubital nervure is only indistinctly broken. The occiput is almost transverse. Taking this species as a typical H'pzrhyssa, the latter genus may be separated from Rhyssa thus: Fore wings with an areolet; the lst abdominal segment shorter than the 2nd . Rhyssa Fore wings without an n areolet, the lst abdominal seg- ment clearly longer than the 2nd. see .. LEpirhyssa Cr. The agreement with them otherwise is very close. In Epirhyssa. spiloptera Cam., from Borneo, the 1st abdominal segment is hardly longer than the 2nd in the ©. Xanthopimpla lissonota, sp. nov. Luteous, the abdomen darker coloured, the antennz R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 3 116 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. brownish, black above; the ocellar region, 3 marks on the mesonotum, the central irregular, broader than long, the lateral larger, conical, twice longer than broad, almost trans- verse at the base, rounded and narrowed at the apex, 2 marks on the lst, 3rd, 5th, and 7th abdominal segments—the 4 middle marks larger, broader than long, the lst and 4th smaller — rounded—and the base of the hinder tibie narrowly, black; wings hyaline, the apex slightly, narrowly, smoky, the ovipositor : clearly longer than the hinder tarsi. @. | Length 12 mm.; terebra 4 mm. Kuching. Areola 4-angled, narrow ; the tooth iGaahda area obliques triangular, transverse, one pointed on the innerside; the basal lateral area narrowed on the innerside; the outer keel roundly curved outwardly. Face flat, closely punctured; the clypeus gradually, roundly narrowed to asharp point. Areolet 4-angled, shortly but distinctly appendiculated; the recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle. Basal two seg- ment of abdomen smooth, shining, impunctate; the others closely punctured; the transverse furrows narrow, shallow, - crenulated. First abdominal segment twice longer than its width at the base; the 2nd square, the others broader than - long. Front, vertex and entire thorax smooth, shining, im- punctate. Face longer than broad; the clypeal fovea deep. — Scutellum roundly convex. : a ae Belongs to Krieger’s Group. I. (Berich. d. Naturf. Gess. zu Leipzig, 1898, p. 92). It is allied to punctata Fab. Sec. Krieger, but, inter alia, wants the spots on metanotum. Xanthopimpla bimaculata, sp. nov. Luteous, the head and thorax smooth, impunctate, the mesonotum with 2 large conical spots; the front and vertex broadly in the centre, the occiput with a much broader mark a small mark, wider than long, on the sides of the metanotum, and marks on the 7 basal segments of the abdomen, black; the areola large, 6-angled, longer than wide; wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black; the ovipositor shorter than the hind tarsi. 92 and 6 Jour. Straits Branch HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 117 Length 12 mm.; terebra nearly 3 mm. Kuching. February. Tooth-bearing area 4-angled, of equal widéh throughout. The black, paler below. Face slightly longer than wide, dis- tinctly, closely punctured. Parapsidal furrows indicated only ab the base. The Ist abdominal segment longer than it is wide at the apex; the middle segments are more strongly and closely punctured than the basal or apical. Areolet 4-angled ; appendiculated, the recurrent nervure received in the middle. Belongs to Krieger’s Group E. (1. c. p. 81.) characteristic are the 2 marks on the mesonotum, instead of the usual 3. The 6 is similarly marked, but with 8 pairs of black marks on the abdomen. CRYPTINA, Polyaenus spiniferus, sp. noy. Black, face, clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, palpi the orbits narrowly, except near the top on the outerside, the - line widest at the vertex, a line on the apical half of the pro- notum, narrowed in front, tegule, scutellum, a broad line— broadest on the sides—on the sides and round the top of the metanotum, covering the spines, the spines, tubercles, a large oblique mark, twice longer than wide, near the middle of the mesopleurze, commencing at the base and reaching to the base of the apical third, a curved mark below the hind wings, a large mark on the centre of the metapleurze, broad and round- ed at the base, gradually roundly narrowed towards the apex, -a broad line, dilated backwards laterally, on the apex of the 1st abdominal segment, lines covering slightly more than the apical third of the 2nd segment, a slightly narrower one on the 3rd and the other segments, except narrowly at the base, yellow ; the ventral segments are for the greater part yellow. Four front legs pale fulvous, their coxee and trochanters yel- low ; the hind cox yellow, broadly black round the outerside * and alone the top of the apex, the trochanters yellow, broadly marked with black above, the femora rufo-fulvous, black at the apex ; the tibize and tarsi yellow, the former with the base narrowly and the apex more broadly black. The antenna R. A. Soc., No, 46, 1906, 118 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. have the 5th to the 20th joint white, spotted with black above. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. he Length 11 mm.; terebra 2 mm. Kuching. Wecamber and March. Face strongly, the clypeus more weakly punctured. Tene and vertex smooth and shining; the frontal spines are stout, about twice longer than they are thick at the base. Mesono- tum rugosely punctured, shining; the parapsidal furrows are shallow, crenulated. Scutellum flat, sparsely punctured, except at the apex; the post-scutellum smooth, shining. The metanotum behind the keel is transversely striated-punctured ; the rest coarsely, closely reticulated ; the spines are about twice longer than they are wide at the base; their apex is rounded. | Pleure closely strongly punctured; the lower half of the pro- pleure strongly, closely striated ; the apex of the mesopleure is irregularly striated. Scutellum flat. Metanotum with one transverse keel, and with a closed area, longer than wide,in the middle at the base. Temples very short, almost obsolete at the top behind the eyes. Malar space distinct, half the length of _ the antennal scape. Transverse median nervure interstitial ; the recurrent nervure is received near the apex of the areolet. Transverse median nervure in hind wings broken shortly be- low the middle. Tubercles small. Post-petiole widely dilated ; the base of the petiole wider than the height of the sides. The 6 is similarly coloured, except that the marks on the pleurze are smaller; the antennz are much longer than the body, the post-petiole is narrower, longer compared with its width ; the antenne are not serrate and are broadly white in the middie. This species does not appear to differ much in generic characters from the neotropical species of Polyenius; the only differences appear to be that in the American the transverse median nervure is not interstitial, but received behind the transverse basal; that the temples are longer, and distinctly obliquely narrowed, that the scutellum is not so flat, that there is no distinct area at the base of the metanotum, and that the > abdominal petiole is longer, narrower and Ob — so much ‘widened at bhe apex. Jour. Straits Branch 4 f - ae : 5 A A y ; t Sy t ‘ > ‘ ‘ bY a i . i : } mn L Seep. ‘ ‘ ees a - ; pe a L 7 aT vi af cin 4 iG é A el dae ? r. ¥ J ss Beit OP Ss r aeol! Sere ‘oh aig oF Ks = a aah ie eee . 4 é 4 $e bas r ore ee Po eS ae ot eee. ery Ina iP els Mabe hs 7h ae oy ’ WE ‘ ee Lae Ae ee eT ee ee Pe ae A " " ae w ete? Z tae ae eee Ne een ot ee ee boat rs —- ahs a Si - » Py whe ST Er HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK, 119 Tosquinet, it may be added, has described a _ species ' P. congulatus which he referes to Polyenus from New Guinea. (cf. Mem. de la Soc. Ent. de Belg. X. 45). Polyenus may be described as a Skeatza with 2 spines placed side by side on the front and with the parapsidal furrows less distinct. SPHEGIDA. Sphex (Isodontia) Hewttti, sp. nov. Black, the apex of the 2nd abdominal segment narrowly, the apical half of the 3rd and the whole of the following abdominal segments, the face, clypeus, lower inner orbits, and tubercles covered with silvery pubescence; the hair on the head long, dense, fuscous, it is longer on the vertex and on the outer orbits below, than else where ; the hair on the mesonotum is short, dense and fuscous; it is sparser and shorter on the scutellum_ and as dense and longer on the median segment. Basal segments of abdomen bare, the apical densely covered with bright fulvous pubescence. Wings almost hyaline, highly iridescent, the radial cellule and a brown band (extending to the 2nd recurrent nervure) round the apex fuscous tinged with violaceous. 6. Length 28 mm. Kuching. March. Eyes slightly, but distinctly converging at the top. The posterior ocelli, on the outer side, are united to the anterior by a narrow furrow, from the anterior a narrow one runs down to the antenne. The vertex and upper part of the front one finely, but not closely, punctured. Clypeus broadly, roundly, uniformly, convex ; its apex almost transverse; there is a minute depression at the apex, shallow and hid by the pubescence. Mandibles bidentate, the teeth large, diverging, tthe lower longer and sharper than the upper. Pronotum placed below the level of the mesonotum and clearly separated from it; its apex broadly depressed, obliquely depressed to- wards the mesonotum. Mesonotum somewhat strongly, but not deeply punctured ; the scutellum is a strongly punctured and has a narrow smooth line down the middle. Post-scutel- R. A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 120 HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. lum rounded, clearly separated, not furrowed or tuberculate in — the middle. Metanotum closely, distinetly and deeply punc- | “Se tured, the punctures appearing to form reticulations in places; = there is an oval fovea in the centre near the end of the upper ~ aoe part ; the apical slope in the centre above projects, the projec- tion being broader thanlong; the part below it is slightly de- — pressed ; the spiracles are bordered behind by a deep, curved 2] furrow ; the sides of the apex of the metanotum are bordered by a deen: curved, crenulated furrow. Abdominal petiole near- _ly twice the length of the hinder cox, curved, irregularly punc- tured above, on either side of a shallow longitudinal furrow. The 3rd joint of the antenne is slightly longer than the basal two-joints united ; the 4th is about one fourth shorter than it; the latter is shorter than the 5th. The lst and 2nd ivansverss” : cubital nervures are obliquely sloped, parallel ; the 2nd cubital cellule is clearly longer than wide; the 3rd cubital cellule is much narrowed in front, being there not much longer than the space bounded by the 2nd transverse cubital and the 2nd re- current nervures; the Ist recurrent nervure is received about half the length of the third abscissa of the radius from the 2nd transverse cubital, the 2nd about itslength fromit. The trans- verse median nervure is not quite interstitial; the neuration — being very similar to that of S. wnbrosus, ef. Kohl, Ann. K.K. Natur. Hofmus. V. Taf. VIII. f. 10. Claws bidentate, the basal slightly longer and thinner than the apical. The labrum is = broadly rounded, neither toothed nor keeled. The 3rd to 5th = ventral segments are roundly incised, the incision on the 5th being deeper than on the others ; the last ends in a sharp point and is covered with long fulvous hair. The abdominal petiole — is shorter distinctly than the hinder tibia, being almost of ee = length of the hinder metatarsus. Should be readily recognized by the red apical segments: ai of the abdomen from the known Indian and Malay species. In this respect it agrees with S. confrater Kohl from New Britain with which it cannot well be confounded. Sphea Franzi Cam. ‘Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.; April 1902, 246 from Borneo has the ab- — domen ferruginous, except the petiole and the wings are fus- 4 cous violaceous. Jour, Straits eee / tet a* HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 121 POMPILIDA. Saltus Ridley2, sp. nov. Claws with 1 tooth. Black, the abdomen with purple re- - flections ; the 2nd and following joints of the hind tarsi, except at the apex, testaceous ; wings blackish ; fuscous-hyaline, slight- ly tinged with yellow, between the transverse median and the transverse basal and the 2nd transverse cubital and the 2nd recurrent nervures ; the hind wings blackish at the base, the rest fuscous eons tinged with yellow. 6. Length 21 mm. Matang. Front and vertex sparsely, the outer orbits densely covered with long black hair; the lower two-thirds of the inner orbits lined with obscure testaceous. Clypeus minutely shagreened, and with some scattered punctures; bare, the apex broadly rounded. Labrum large, shagreened ; its apex rounded. Palpi black, bare, the apical joints covered with a pale pile. Thorax velvety, the prothorax and the median segment covered with long black hair ; the sides of pronotum broadly rounded, not pro- jecting. Post-scutellum prominent, clearly separated, tubercu- late, the base with a straight oblique slope; its apical slope is shorter and steeper. The striation on the metanotum is coarse; the lateral tubercles are very prominent. Meta- pleurz finely, closely, obliquely striated. Tuibiz sparsely, the tarsi more thickly spinose; the spines short; the long spur of the hind tibiae is thickly covered with black hair at the base; it is about one third of the length of the metatarsus—as long as the 2nd joint. The 2nd transverse median nervure is dilated in the middle, where the recurrent leaves it, the latter being also dilated (but not so strongly) at the base; in the hind wings the transverse anal nervure is received beyond the cubital. Comes near to S. fulgidipennis Sans. and S. zredipennis Smith. The colour of the middle joints of the hind tarsi may be clear yellow, as it is on the 2nd joint of one leg, z.c. the tes- _ taceous colour of the other joints may be owing to discolour- ation. The coloured tarsal joints and the bestaceous oy ?) line on the inner orbits are aay characteristiG,. - R, A. Soc., No. 46, 1906, poe _ HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. VESPIDE. Vespa annulata, Smith. This form has been taken by Mr. Hewitt at Saintabong Matang (December) and Kuching (January). In the recently published Monograph of the genus Vespa by the Viscount du Buysson (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, LXX, III, (1904) p. 542), annulata is considered to be a variety a bellicosa Smith. I am not sure but that when the 6 has been discovered, it will be proved to be a good species. If not a distinct species it coMetae forms a reli marked . race of bellicosa. Vespa bellicosa (type) has been taken by Mr. Hewitt at Puls Burong: Ischnogaster clypealis, sp. nov. Black; the clypeus, except for a black, broad line, of equal width, transverse at the apex, about twice wider than long, on the upper two-thirds, a line on the base of the prono- tum, one round its apex, a somewhat semicircular mark on eitherside of the base of the scutellum,.2 longer, almost united marks on the post-scutellum, the apex of the metanotum, the / mark divided by the central furrow, the sides largely, roundly - dilated, backwards and forwards; a large conical mark (the narrowed end below) on the on of the mesopleurez, its apex bordered by the furrow, a large curved mark, roundly narrowed above, straight and oblique below, an _ irregular conical mark on the metapleurs the upper part dilated at the base, a line, 4 times longer than wide, on the sides of the node of the petiole, a mark narrowed to a sharp pointed on the sides of the 2nd segment at the base, a large, transverse conical mark on the sides, the ends rounded, the narrow end on the innerside, a longish curved mark, narrowed at the base on the sides of the 2nd ventral segment and a shorter, broader one, on the sides of the 3rd yellow; the yellow on the abdomen being ~ paler than it is on the head and thorax. Four front legs — yellow, largely marked with brown above, the middle more largely than the anterior, their tarsi are for the greater part brown ; the hind legs fuscous, suffused with yellow, their cox Jour. Straits Branch HYMENOPTERA OF SARAWAK. 123 yellow above. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black ; the 4th abscissa of the radius distinctly longer than the 3rd ¢. Length 13 mm. : Bidi, December. Kuching, October (Shelford). Flagellum of antenne fuscous below. Pubescence on the front and eye incision pale golden. Apex of mesonotum finely closely, longitudinally striated; the basal half of metanotum, on eitherside of the furrow, more strongly, obliquely striated. Pleural furrows weakly crenulated. Abdominal petiole as in I. mgrifrons. The 2nd and 8rd transverse cubital neryures are straight and parallel. Allied to I. mgrifrons and I. mgricans.. These 3 species may be separated thus :— ‘a. Clypeus yellow, with a broad black mark on the top, the yellow marks on the pleurae large... Clypealis. 6. Clypeus black, the marks on the pleurae small. Pleurae black, mesonotum and abdomen immaculate, metano- tum longitudinally striated bes ae Nigricans, Cam. Pleurae for the greater part rufous, mesonotum and abdomen maculate with yellow, metanotum transversely striated nee ee se as is Nigrifrons, Sm. , A, Soe., No. 46, 1906 Dyak Ceremonies in Pregnancy and Childbirth. By REv. WILLIAM HOWELL. As soon aS 2 woman is enceinte, restrictions come into force. These restrictions are binding on the husband as well as the wife. It is forbidden them to cut off creepers that hang over the water or over the road, lest the mother would suffer from haemorrhage after delivery. It is forbidden to dam a stream, to plait the rattan for fixing the adze, to make the broad plaiting for the hilt of a parang, to set up a dam for the fish-trap (bubu) and to drive a nail into a board lest the woman should have difficulty in the delivery. It is forbidden to pour out oil, lest the child should suffer from (tul7) inflam- mation of the ears; to fix the parang in its hilt lest the child be deaf: to break an egg, lest the child be blind; to plant a banana plant lest the head of the child be large; to burn the wood of the ficus to warm oneself, lest the child be dumb; to kill any animal lest the child be deformed and the nose bleed ; to scrape smooth the shell of a coconut, lest the child’s hair should not grow ; to bring a fresh-water turtle into the room, lest the child should not be born; to dye anything black, lest the child be black. As for the woman, if she goes anywhere she must return by the same way that she went so that the child should not know how it is to be delivered. It is further forbidden to eat anything in a mosquito curtain, lest the child should be still-born ; to carry stones lest the child should be paralysed; to conceal anything, lest the delivery be difficult ; to cast stones into the water, lest the child be not delivered and the mother die; to bend into a circle any piece of wood, else the child will not prosper ; to hang a scar lest the child should cry the whole day and night. There are several other restrictions of a minor character which are not worth mentioning. Butit is interesting to - Jour. S, B. B. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 126 DYAK CEREMONIES. notice that in the case of neatly all these restrictions there are ways in which the above limitations may be circumvented and no evil: effects follow. For example, though a man may not kill an animal yet if he does kill anything and runs away immediately then returns a few minutes afterwards and make some remarks aloud of this nature, “I wonder who killed this animal?’”’ he has nothing to fear. A nail may not be driven into a board, but if a man drives a nail in gently a little way and then pulls it out again, he may drive the nail in all — the way, and no law is broken. The whole period of a woman’s pregnancy is naenede in the deepest anxiety and fear lest the antus (spirits) may assault her and her innocent babe. An ill dream or a small accident such as a fall is considered a portent signifying imminent danger to the child or perhaps it may be a portent signifying coming danger during her delivery, and therefore a sacrifice of a fowl must invariably be made to propitiate the spirits. It is not unusual to hear of a woman talking about another and telling how many fowls have been killed to save her during her pregnancy. It is considered to be a fineable ae if the faired should wilfully violate any restrictions. The wife’s relations would immediately bring him to justice. When the time of delivery is come and while she is in travail, two or three midwives are called to her assistance to accelerate the birth of the child. Nature is not allowed to pursue its own course but force is applied. As soon as the child makes its appearance into the world, a signal is given, by beating a bamboo receptacle with a stick, or a brass gong is struck, or maybe a gun is fired to announce that a child is born in the house. Immediately follows a religious ceremony a fowl being waved over the heads of all present, including the infant and its mother. The fowl is then killed and the blood is smeared on the foreheads of those present. After the mother and the child are washed and dressed, the afterbirth is deposited in a plaited bag and hung on a tree either in their cemetery or in their tembawar the site of their former house. The infant is pureed with a compound of ~ Jour, Straits Branch * Mega os & a he: ee nae S ~“- DYAK CEREMONIES. 127 pinang (betelnut) and lawang (zedoary) is bandaged and made to lie on the spathe of an areca palm, a cloth is put round it, and a Dyak sheet hung over it. One of the women who assisted at the birth washes the child and cuts the umbilical cord. She is afterwards rewarded with a parang, an entadu plate, and a long piece of the black tina (black split rotan worn round the waist). The mother is seated with her back against a blazing fire, she drinks freely of ginger-tea to facilitate her discharge. 3 As soon as the umbilical cord has dropped off, the infant, for the first time, is taken to the bathing-place. The man who . carries the child takes a fowl with him. Ags soon as they come to the bathing-place the fowl is killed: and a wing is cut off. If it be a male child this wing is tied on with a piece of red thread toa spear, and if the child be of the other sex this wing is tied on to an implement used by Dyak women in weaving (leletan). On the fourth day the spear or the leletan, as the case may be, is taken back to the house. When the child is able to look about, to laugh, to turn on its side, to roll over, to crawl, to go on all-fours, to sit up, to walk holding on to something, to walk by itself, the restrictions with regard to the killing of animals or snakes are still binding, the child has not cut its teeth. As soon as this has taken place there is an end to all restrictions. If the child dies before it cuts its teeth the parents do not observe the mourning customs. — The Dyaks of old, it appears, did not know how to assist a Woman when she was in travail, consequently many brutal practices were adopted. The knowledge was first came to be possessed by a certain man named Kelili Badak Resa, whose wife was Teburi. When his wife was enceinte he went out into the jungle with a blow- pipe. There he saw the maias (orang-utan) assisting the female at the birth of its young and he gaw that they used lza (ginger) and also bandages. Afterwards his wife gave birth to a child and Kelili Badak Resa was able to asssist a woman when she was in travail in the same way as the mazas did. After his child was born he called him Maling, and gave him the title of Panting Bunga Mengala. R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 128 DYAK CEREMONIES. Tt must not be omitted that after a woman has given birth to a child and before she is bandaged, ground ginger is — placed on the abdomen and is changed once or twice a day. This process continues for a month or perhaps less, as the case may be, while the woman is still drinking the ginger-tea. The husband or whoever takes away the afterbirth to bury or hang on a tree is solemnly warned by the mother not to look to the right or to the left as he leaves the room, lest La! the child might squint. As the mother sits with her back to the fire in the room holding in her hands the handle of a native adze (bliong) she presses it to her stomach to assist the course of nature. For twenty-four hours she is not allowed to drink water, but if she = does, it must be very little and first warmed lest fever should ~ set in. Her food is light and simple. The husband goes out to get certain kinds of fish which is first smoked before it is eaten. The mother is not allowed to sleep for twenty-four hours after giving birth to a child, nor is she even allowed to lie down. One would think that after such a fatiguing time,a rest was most essential and to be. deprived of it would be detrimental to health. Strange to say it is not so. The period of a Dyak woman’s confinement is doubtful. It depends entirely on the strength of the woman. I have known several cases of women going out three days after their confinement to the paddy fields. The person who takes away the afterbirth hae back with him a young shoot of a kind of fern (Kreniong) for his spear, a leaf of a kind of fern (Kalindu) for his shield, and a kind of grass ( Kejejuru) for his plume on the head. These things are stuck up in the room. It is interesting to know of other restrictions which come into force after.a woman has given birth to a child. It is forbidden to eat prawns lest the child beats a retreat when he is on the war-path ; to eat eggs lest the child should have sores on the head; to eat the fern called paku, lest the child be exhausted on the war-path. Pork can only be eaten when ~ the child begins to bite or suck its toe. It is forbidden to — Jour. Straits Branch DYAK CEREMONIES. 129 thresh cotton in ‘the house or village, lest the mother should feel stiff ; to prepare a kind of lily for thread, lest the mother should feel a crazy sensation; to lie down on abemban mat, lest the mother should have rheumatism; to give suck to the child lying down, lest the child should be deaf; to give suck to the child in the water lest the child should have bad teeth ; to eat sugar-cane, lest the mother should give birth fre- quently. It is very often the case that the mother has no milk for the child for perhaps two or three days or a week after it is born, and the child has to live on masticated cooked rice. It is believed by Dyaks that a kind of land crab (grama) when cooked and eaten by the mother will produce milk. Enough has not been said about the ceremony of taking the child to the watering place to bathe for the first time. It is not necessary to repeat what has already been written but it is a very solemn ceremony: Every family has its own pecu- liarities of ceremony, which are more or less attached to ‘religious rites. With some families the village or house is tabooed when a child is born. The doors are marked with sign to denote non-admittance to strangers until the umbilical cord of the child has dropped off. Anybody trespassing in the house or village is not allowed to leave until the umbilical cord has dropped off, which may be five or seven days. Should any one leave the house before that time he is liable to a heavy fine of a full-grown pig. Unless this custom is carried out, the child might suffer from blindness. Once on my usual tour round my mission at a place called Pua-ai, one of my followers entered into a large village when it was too dark to discern anything, to buy some rice for our consumption. He was detained in the house. Three of the people in the village came to see me and brought the rice which he bought and explained matters to me. This was unfortunate as I could not stay there more than two nights, so I had to redeem my friend by paying for a large pig. After the umbilical cord has dropped off the village or house is no longer tabooed and the marks or signs are taken off. Some families have not got such customs. - BR. A. Soc., No, 46, 1906. *g 130 DYAK CEREMONIES. I must mention one case in which I was the innocent victim. It happened in a Christian family whom I had converted and baptized. To my great surprise and indignation when the wife was confined, the house was pronounced — tabooed, but I entered it. I was told that I had incurred upon myself a heavy fine. The wife explained that she had lost an eye. It was because some one had entered the house when ~ she was born. With much difficulty and persuasion I answerd her that every Christian was to give up all such superstitions. for we had One to protect us against such calamities. I also assured them that if the child was to be so ill-fated I would be responsible for it. She has since had six children none the worse for it. eo The ceremony of first taking a child to bathe is called by the Dyaks nganjong mandi which means to take to bathe. The mother calls a maiden and asks her to_catch a fowl. The husband or anybody waves the fowl over the child and then kills it. The maiden whois asked to catch the fowl is honoured by being asked to carry the child to the bathing-— place. Afterthe fowl is killed, a wing is deposited in an areca ~ spathe with some ashes. The maiden carries the child in a gaudy home-made blanket, wears a gaudy sun-hat, holds in one hand ignited lwkaz, which is the bark of the lwkaz tree. She marches down to the bathing-place gracefully, and the mother follows with a little boy armed with a spear and the spathe of the areca, containing the ashes and the wing of the fowl. When the bathing-place is reached, the wing of the fowl with the ashes in the spathe of the areea, is pierced with the spear and placed standing alongside the bathing place. The maiden then walks gently down into the water to give the child its ablutions, or rather to introduce the child to the general bathing-place. They return to the house and the spear is left behind. When the house is reached, beads are threaded and tied round the legs, to act as eyes to prevent the child from slipping. Beads are also tied round the hands in order not to make a miss when throwing a spear. The lips of the child are slightly besmeared with bugs in order that when it — chews the lips might appear red. It is made to suck the tail Jour. Straits Branch DYAK CEREMONIES. 131 of a Kl fish to prevent it from having thrush too soon. Sparrows’ eggs are dashed on its head to enable it to endure ‘the rain when its mother takes it to the farm. R. A. Soc., Ne. 46, 1906 bs ay CY vin a The Menagerie at the Botanic Gardens. By H.N. RIDLEY. The collection of living animals in the Botanic Gardens in Singapore dates from the days when the gardens were the pro- ‘perty of the Agri-Horticultural Society. This society was founded in 1859, but not finding sufficient support from the general public to develop and maintain the grounds adequately, eventually made over its property to the Government in 1874, ~ andin 1875 Mr. J. Murton was appointed Superintendent. The Zoological part of the garden seems however to have been at first under the control of Mr. Krohn, who publishes in 1876 a report. on the Zoological collections. That year Mr. Cheang Hong Sin presented a monkey house to the gardens, which still exists, and a list of the animals in the gardens was published. It included a rhinoceros, sloth-bear, kangaroos, and other animals, and a number of birds. In 1878 it was decided to dispose of the larger animals and most were sent to the Caleutta Zoological Gardens. Birds, monkeys and small animals were however kept. From 1888 the aviaries and enclosures were increased, and till 1902 the collection became very representative of the fauna of the Malay peninsula and islands. No funds were granted by the Government for its -up-keep after 1881, but its expenses were paid out of what could be spared from the Gardens Vote. Many of the animals and birds were presented by various donors, so that the expenses were merely feeding, and housing. The cost being from about £100 to £150 per year when the collection was at its largest. In 1902, an admirer of Zoological Gardens urged that the collection was worthy of a better class of houses than could be afforded from the Gardens Vote, and an estimate for improved and more ornamental houses was prepared, but it was considered too expensive by the Government, and an Jour. 8, B. R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 134 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. order was received to abolish the menagerie in 1903, which had to be gradually carried into effect. - Perhaps there are few places in the world more suited fon a Zoological Garden than Singapore. The climate is well suited for all the tropical animals, the cost of keeping them is much lower than in most parts of the world, for firing, an important and expensive item in many gardens, is unnecessary ; forage for the deer and other herbivorous animals, costs little — or nothing, and fish for the piscivorous birds is readily pro-— cured. Animals of great interest can be procured for a small. cost, and indeed a great number have been presented and offered to the gardens. The neighbouring islands and main- ag lands produce many animals which cannot be kept in any of the European or American Menageries, but which thrive well in Singapore, and even breed in captivity. Notable succes- ses in this way in the Singapore Gardens are the successful breeding of the Jackal, the Kijang, (cervulus muntjac) the Napu -: (Tragulus Napu) and the hybrid monkeys and the green ‘viper - none of which, as far as I know, have previously bred in captivi- ty elsewhere. s To the large number of passengers who ‘visit Singapore on ; their way eastwards or westwards a Zoological collection is — very attractive, and the menagerie in its best days was known all over the world, and was the first thing’ asked for by the - visitor. ‘There seems also something eminently suitable in having a menagerie in the colony founded by Sir Stamford - | Raffles who was also one of the founders of the finest ese cal Gardens in the world,—that of London. Ammals in captivity. There are a certain aur of people in the world who assume that an animal must be very unhappy in captivity, and especially if their ideas of what any given animal should enjoy do not concur with those of the = animal itself. I suppose all keepers of menageries have — received from time to time the most ridiculous letters with — suggestions as to how to treat animals, of which the writers often know not even the name still less the habits. The descendants of the man who buttered the hay for his horse are by no means extinct. Jour, Straits Branc BUTANIC: GARDEN MENAGERIE, 135 When the Gibbon (Hylobates) was proudly giving its well-known solo in its best style to an audience of globe trotter’s, one mistaken individual rushed wildly into the office to say that the monkey was in great pain and making a great erying. On another occasion a lady wanted someone to be prosecuted because a fine tigress called regularly at sundown, and she thought it must be ill. Others whose idea of the shape of a living tiger was based on a badly stuffed Museum specimen think that'a tiger whose body is not lke a bolster must be starved, whereas a tiger is almost a greyhound among cats when in good condition. As amatter of fact animals as a rule not only become quite accustomed to captivity in a very short time, but usually prefer it to a wild life. They get their food regularly and without having to hunt for it and can spend the rest of their day playing about or sleeping. Animals which have been in cages for quite a short time are helpless when they are turned loose or escape. People who have kept pet monkeys and on going home wish to get rid of them sometimes turn them loose in the Garden Jungle to join the other wild ones, which is as considerate as to send a child away to find and make friends with a tribe of savages. The monkeys thus released dare not go near the wild ones, do not know how to get food, otherwise than by going to the nearest house where they sometimes arrive in a starving condition. Some pelicans presented to the Gardens after re- maining in an enclosure for less than a day, were put on the Garden Lake, where were plenty of fish. They got off the Lake at once and stood on one of the roads flapping their wings and opening their beaks at any carriage which came by to the alarm of thehorses. Then they walked straight back to the enclosure and waited outside the door all night till the keeper returned and let them in. Some phalangers which escaped one night were very puzzled what to do. All but one sat on the top of the cage all night. The remaining one ram- bled aimlessly along the path where it was found next morn- ing. Squirrels, musangs, and such small animals if they escape usually take to the woods naturally, but often remain near the cages for a long time before they disappear. [f an R A, Svc, No. 46, 1906, 136 . BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. | ~ animal dislikes captivity at all,it is easily seen. It mopes, or is restless, feeds only when no one is by, and is certain: to pine away soon. The big civets Viverra tangalunga and Pagurus lencomystax particularly dislike a bright cage. Be- ing nocturnal animals, only coming out after dusk, the light annoys them very much and the Vaverras dislike being look- ed at by a crowd of people and become very nervous. To — put these animals in a fine open cage that looks nice from a popular point of view is cruel. The cages should be half dark, when the animals do very well and live for many years. Curiously some animals and birds much prefer small cages to — large ones. Some love birds (Loricula galgulus) were put in an ornamental canary-cage, which one would have thought they preferred to the round rattan cages in which the Malays keep them and in which their heads nearly touch the top. This did not suit them at all, and nearly all died ina few days. The remaining two were put back in the Bamboo cage 8 lived quite well and happy. The only way of knowing what an animal thinks is comfortable and snug is to keep it and observe its ways. It will soon let you know what it likes, which probably does not at all fall in with your ideas of what it ought to like. - AN ACCOUNT OF ANIMALS KEPT. : Quadrumana. Sima satyrus, LZ. The Mias. Orangoutan- This has often been on view. The animals are obtained from Sumatra and Borneo and are usually young, but very large adults have not seldom been brought to Singapore. Young Mias are very quiet and tame, but full grown ‘adults are dangerous and require a very strong iron cage. The animal is very delicate and liable to a disease resembl- ing cholera which seems almost invariably fatal. A good deal of the art of keeping one healthy consists in giv- ing it a varied diet. Bread, boiled rice, pineapple, plantains. eggs occasionally, sugarcane, kangkong (Ipomea aquatica) or some such green stuff suits it well. When young and not FS Jour, Straits Branch oom + BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 137 dangerous it is allowed to go out for walks by itself every day, to climb on the trees, and amuse itself. It requires a box or basket to sleep in with a rug, or bit of sacking to wrap itself. with. It appreciates alchohic liquors especially if sweet, such as port but it will often take whisky or beer. One which is now in the London Zoological Gardens smoked cigarettes or cigars, lighting one from the other, knocking off the ash, and puffing the smoke through its nose. The Miasis always a quiet slow moving eh and being constructed for arboreal life is not in its element on the ground. It.is very human in the way it uses a blanket and pillow, care- fully arranging the pillow under its head, and drawing the blanket over itself, and when it has arranged this to. its satis- ‘faction and lies on its back peacefully smoking a cigarette, it looks more than ever like an indolent man. Young ones rarely make any sounds with the mouth, but when quite young ‘if annoyed it cries like a child, stampingits feet on the ground. When older, about 4 or 5 years old the Mias does not ery, and | seems to be almost dumb, occasionally grunting, and blowing with its lips when vexed. ‘They laugh however when tickled, and often, at about seven years old quite loud. The last one kept in the Gardens, was very fond of swinging on a door, sit- ting on the top and pushing itself backwards and forwards like a child on a gate. When young they are very docile and obedient and very much attached to anyone who is kind ‘to them. Many are fond of having a common monkey to pet and play with, others seem to find the small monkey a bore, and a nuisance. When pleased with anyone they protrude their lips to kiss them, and they often kiss each other. The youngest I have seen were a pair brought for sale, ‘undoubtedly twins as they were exactly the same size, and age. They were very scantily provided with hair. The male was very active, moving about briskly like one of the common monkeys. ‘This baby-activity soon goes off and as they become older they seem to become more indolent. As they grow the hair becomes longer and denser es- ‘pecially apparently in the male, but later in life they often RB. A. Soc;, No. 46, 1906. 138 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. appear to lose the hair on the body to a considerable extent, and the female sometimes at least becomes almost nude about — 4 the breast and abdomen when she gets near the breeding age. All evidence we have seems to show that the Mias develops at the same rate as a man, the teeth changing at the same period of life. Practically however nothing is known of the later development. There are undoubtedly several forms of the Mias, perhaps — species differing in the presence or ,absence of fleshy flanges to the face, size of apparently full grown animals, and color of the hair, which varies from bright orange colour to dark brown. Hylobates syndactylus. The Siamang is very ea to be procured- I only re- - member to have seen two in captivity. One of which a yery young one was in the Gardens for sometime. When happy . it makes a very loud booming noise, which can be heard far away. A young one brought for sale by a Malay, lived in a ~ cloth bag, into which it would jump and its weight pulling the ~ strings closed the bag, in which it would sleep curled up. H. Agilis. The Wawa, is one of the most popular pets, and lives well : in captivity, and a number have been kept in the Gardens 3 menagerie. There are three colour varieties; black with a white face the commonest, white, and grey the scarcest form. They are usually very gentle unless illtreated, and always give pleasure to visitors by their marvellous agility, and by their weird song or wail. They usually sing shortly after sunrise, and in captivity also often when there are a number of visitors looking at them. They have few other sounds, a kind of low plaintive wail when they are very friendly, and a kind of grun- ting when they are on heat, are all the noises they make. The food is boiled rice, fruit, sweet potatoes, bread, ete. They have never bred in captivity. The Wawa often lives a long time and specimens have died of old age in the Gardens; but there was no clue to their age. The chief disease they are liable to is pneumonia from a chill, Jour. Straits Branch aa a, a tnt) BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 139 especially during heavy rains, and on one occasion an infectious stomatitis, killed two Wawas and a Siamang, all in the same cage, very quickly. Semnoprthecus. - The long tailed monkeys known as Lotongs are not at all easily kept in confinement. Even the Malays consider them very difficult to keep. The following species have been kept for a longer or shorter period. Semnopithecus cristatus. A specimen of this handsome monkey only lived a short time dying rather suddenly, ee from heat. S. rubicundus. A very old specimen was obtained and kept for a short time. Its bright red fur and light blue face gave it a most comic appearance, which was increased by its pes of indig- nation when it was pueiets at. S. maurus. A black species was kept also for a time. Ss Sp. A quite white monkey said to have come from Sumatra, lived for a short time, but it was very old and died of old age not very long after it was obtained. Macacus cynemolgus. The K’ra, has always been kept on view. Itis avery easy monkey to keep and breeds readily in confinement. There are a number also wild in the Gardens. : os M. fasciatus. pe The Japanese monkey; one of these was deposited for a time in the Gardens. M. nemestrinus. The Berok was always kept, a monkey very easy to keep but which never breeds in confinement so far as I know. R.A. Soe., No. 46, 1206, 140 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. Hybrids between WM. cynomolgus and nemestrinus however are readily bred. M. umbrinus. The Nicobar monkey resembles the K’ra, but is darker in colour and much larger. One presented by Dr. Abbott became pregnant by a K’ra, but both mother and child died shortly after the birth, apparently from weakness. The first hybrid monkey that was produced was the off- spring of a male K’ra with a female Berok, in 1895. He is still alive in the Zoological Gardens, London and a very hand-— | some powerful monkey, but became rather savage, attacking the other ones in the cage and had to be separated. He quite combines the appearances of both the parents, his long face, and habit of walking on all fours reminds the observer of the Berok, his fur is colored like that of the K’ra, the tail is much longer than that of the Berok, but much shorter than that of the K’ra, and he carries it elegantly arched, like a lion, his keeper — - would say. He was sent to the English Zoological Gardens in 1905, where he is at present. The other hybrid was between a male Berok and a female of the short haired Cynopithecus niger. In the same cage was a very savage male Cynopithecus mger of the long haired form. He would not breed with the other Cynopithecus and did not seem to take any notice of her. The female became pregnant but died at parturition being unable to deliver herself of the young one, and owing to the ferocity of the male no one could go into the cage to assist her. The young one was fully deve- loped and had some characters of both parents. It was pre- served in spirits at the museum. General Notes on Monkeys. So little seems to be known as to the habits of the com-. monest monkeys that the following notes may be of interest. Macacus ¢1 ynomoly gus. The K’ra is the commonest and most conspicuous species here. It inhabits edges of jungle and small woods but seldom goes into high jungle. The animals live in small families Jour. Straits Branch BOTANIC{GARDENS MENAGERIE. 141 presided over by a large male. There has long been a number of this monkey in the Botanical Gardens jungle, but of late they have diminished in numbers owing to the clearing away of the woods in the neighbourhood, and the failure of food supply due to this is probably the reason of their diminished: numbers. There are now two families of them, one in the Upper Garden and one in the Economic Garden. Hach of these families consists of two or more adult males, some younger males and a number of females. It would be perhaps incorrect to say that all these are descended from a single pair, or two pairs, but as there has not apparently been any admixture of fresh blood for very many years, they must all be very closely related. Itis true that residents have on several occasions released their pet monkeys in the gardens so that they can join the wild ones, but the freed ones do not usually do so but almost invari- — ably go to the nearest house for food and remain there till they are either caught or shot as nuisances. In a _ family of monkeys no stranger is admitted without a fight. If a female is put with the family the females attack her. If a male the males attack him. He or she generally gets badly bitten and sometimes killed. If the stranger can hold hig own he may be accepted, and eventually may, if powerful enough, be-- come head of the clan. In fighting, the top of the head and the thorax are the points generally attacked. A Berok, Macacus emestrinus of no great size but a powerful monkey, during the absence of the keeper, broke his way into a cage of kras, and was set upon; when . rescued he was found nearly insensible with the scalp torn and hanging from the top of his head and a bite through the thorax into the lungs, whence air was _ is- suing. He completely recovered in about a week, or so, and lived for several years, when again he broke the cage and got among the enemy. Though a powerful monkey he offered practically no resistance and this time received a bite on the thigh, which would have been of no importance but it got in- fected with tetanus of which he died in about three days. A great fight took place among the wild monkeys in the gardens on one occasion, between the old king monkey and a R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 142 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. younger one; probably however some of the other males joined A couple of days afterwards the old veteran was found in the morning lying dead by a waterbutt, with his throat cut ac- | ross, and some other fresh wounds, and his shoulder swollen and gangrened from injuries received in his first fight. He was sent to the museum to skeletonize when it was found that at some much earlier date three ribs had been broken and had mended again. The leading monkey having established his position, falcon his food first, and has-his selection of the females first. The other males he drives away should they presume to attempt to — usurp his rights. In processions from one place to the other he always comes last, but if one of the younger monkeys gets into a dangerous position or is attacked he always runs to its ~ rescue, and drives off the enemy, and the other big males often - assist him if necessary. The wild monkeys always sleep in particular trees, those with bare branches and very lofty, and towards evening they may be seen slowly moving along, - stopping here and there to eat, till they reach the sleeping place about sundown, they then settle down for the night, sitting usually in pairs or singly onthe bare boughs. The same tree is occupied every evening for weeks at a time, and where- ever they are in the evening they make for the same spot. They never sleep in a bushy tree, probably for fear of being surprised at night by snakes. Young monkeys are always ~ born in the early hours of the morning before daylight, as almost if not all mammals are, and are born in the boughs, or if in a cage on the perch; never I believe on the ground. -_ In — cases of difficult parturition at least, the other females act as — accoucheuses, with sometimes disastrous results to the baby. But difficulties in births are rare even in the cage and I have only seen one or two. The K’ra breeds very easily in captivity, the females producing one at atime about once a year. The ~ young one when born has black hair which gets lighter colored with age. The Berok Macacus nemestrinus does not breed in captivity ; at least it has never done so. with its own race in the gardens. But it has been successfully crossed with the K’ra, and also with Cynopithecus niger. Jour, Straits Branch ae BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 143 I have occasionally seen old monkeys which appeared to - be insane, incessantly gibbering at nothing and behaving in a quite meaningless way. It might be said that it would be difficult to tell whether a monkey was mad or not, as their ordinary ways of going on are so wild, but as a matter of fact, any one who observes a sane monkey closely can see why it behaves as it does, and what it means by so doing. Often monkeys, Beroks especially, invent comic tricks to amuse on- lookers, thus one used to pass its hindleg over its neck, and beat it on the ground and pretend it could not get it back, but these tricks are evidently games invented for fun. Out-breaks of maniacal ferocity occur also in ordinarily quiet monkeys, and these are commonest at night and apparently in the very early hours of the morning, about 4 or5am. A male monkey - ordinarily quiet thus attacked a female whom he was very fond of and inflicted severe injuries on her, destroying the sight of one eye, from which injuries she never recovered properly, but wasted away, and after producing a still born young one died. The monkey which attacked her seemed very sad when he was found next morning, and sat by her all day trying to con- _ gole her. Thisis not the only case of this nocturnal ferocity. I have seen among these monkeys, and cases of ferocious mur- - der in human beings at about this period of the night are too common as is well known. Monkeys of course often quarrel for more or less valid reasons both in a wild state and in the cage, and bite each other spitefully. When one would bite the others it was found quite sufficient to nip off the tips of the canine teeth with a pair of strong wire snippers. It does not hurt the animal at all if properly done and the teeth do ~ not decay, and when he finds he cannot bite through the skin of another monkey he gives it up. Old monkeys often have - the teeth decayed, and worn away, but they never seem to - suffer any pain from decayed teeth, and I have never seen any inflammation of the jaw caused by them.- The K’'ra isa very loquacious animal and has an exten- sive vocabulary in which respects it is very different from the anthropoid apes, who seldom speak at all. Some of the noises of the K’ra have quite obvious meanings, thus the word R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 14.4 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. Krra from which it takes its Malay name, is only used as an alarm note fora man or dog in sight. A quite different sound is used for a tiger or perhaps for any large animal. Ifa young monkey gets into a small tree and alarmed at the approach of any one utters its little squeaks of fright, and is afraid to try along jump into the safety of a taller tree, the king monkey comes as nearas he safely can do it and utters a peculiar grunt “umh” “ umh” till the little one makes a wild spring and escapes from its peril. Meanwhile the old one threatens the enemy with an entirely different bark at intervals. This latter sounds much the same as the ery that two males quarrelling begin their abuse of each other. Young monkeys have also a number of plaintive cries which do not seem to mean anything and which older monkeys do not use. When the monkeys see a snake they get very excited and make a great chattering. On one occasion when a terrier was attacking a cobra, the monkeys came from some distance to the scene of the fight, so close I could almost touch them, and quite regardless of me and the dog, peered down to see if they - could see the snake which was hidden from their sight in the thick fern. I presume they judged from the noise the dog was making what he was attacking, or they may have heard the snorting of the cobra, when they were close enough. The duration of life of these smaller monkeys seems to be. about 20 years, but I cannot be certain of this. The hybrid. Kra-Berok is now 11 years old and is in very fine condition showing no signs of age. The big black Cynoprthecus, which was full grown, and probably 8 or 10 years old when he was obtained, lived for 10 years in the gardens and died of old age. Several other monkeys have died of old age, but they were old when they were obtained. Monkeys do not suffer from con- sumption here as they do in Hurope. The causes of death of. the monkeys in the gardens, have been, beside old age, pneumo- nia, not rare in the Wawas (Hylobates), stomatitis (three ~ Hylobates apparently an infectious disease which killed all three in one cage; tetanus (one); and fatty degerferation of the heart. Two bading monkeys died of this from over feeding. . Being very greedy and always getting the first food, they got Jour. Straits Branch BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 145 so fat that the heart was quite enclosed in cushions of fat. One, and if I remember correctly, the other fell dead after a Chinese holiday, when crowds of people came and gave the animals so much food that the orgy proved fatal. Cynoprtthecus neger. Both forms of this monkey have been kept in the Gardens Menagerie. The short-haired form from Celebes and the long- haired one from Batchian. I cannot find in any books that these two apes have been separated specifically anywhere, _ which is rather remarkable, considering how the mammals have been divided up on very scanty characters by Zoologists. The short-haired form is the commonest, and is often brought into Singapore by the Bugis men. The long-haired one, a bigger ape, is very distinct not only in size and length of hair but it also possesses a large patch of grey hair on the buttocks. _Only one of these has been on view in the gardens, a fine -male. He was received when apparently full grown in 1891 and died of old age in 1905. He was a very vicious and powerful ape when he first came, and it was unsafe to go into his cage, as he flew at the throat of any one who attempted it. Later he became much quieter, but was never really safe. This monkey was the only one I ever saw who had any idea of throwing. He threw stones over-hand as a woman does, with considerable accuracy, and visitors often threw stones into his eage which he hurled back at them through the bars and on some occasions hit a visitor on the head or face. One lady indeed got a cut on the mouth from a stone she had imprudent- ly thrown to him. When pleased with any one he would turn his back and standing erect often on one leg would’ grasp the back of the left thigh with the right hand. (Macacus nemestrinus often does the same thing). When he drank from > atin, it was his delight to suddenly throw the tin and the rest of the water over the keeper who was giving it to him. Though confined for some time in a cage with a female of the short-haired form he never attempted to breed with her, nor was otherwise than friendly with a male Berok who was in the same cage and bred with the female. The short-haired black ape is very good-tempered usually, but very mischievous. R. A. Soc., No, 46, 1906. had pop ede ae 146 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE I have seen one on board ship seize the cap from one ~ passing by and throw it overboard. Two which were put temporarily into an empty tiger’s cage soon escaped by unroof- ~ ing part of it, throwing the tiles down and speedily making a hole large enough to escape. When the coolie got on the roof — with a sack to through over one, it suddenly pulled the sack | from his hand and rushed off with it. These monkeys live a- long time and suffer little from sickness. One was killed by stomatitis, and some died of old age. : They are affectionate apes, and recognize ata uatene se ia readily. Two-which were bought by a passenger and kept fora short time in the gardens were sent tothe London Zoological Gardens, where I saw them about a year later, when they immediately recognized me and came down to shake hands, though the keeper advised me that they were savage! Common and easily procured here, they seem 4g be seldom sent to European Gardens. Nycticebus tardigradus. The Slow Loris. This little lemur is common and often EE e. caught by the Malays, and many have been on view in the gardens. It does not seem to be long lived and is a dull creature in captivity, remaining curled up all day and only moving about slowly at night. Its food, in a wild state, consists of fruit, — insects, and small birds. It seems strange that so slow and weak a creature should be able to hold its own in a country where there are so many predacious animals, for it appears to have no means of defence. It is however not so harmless as it appears, as,it can bite sharply, and its bite is poisonous. ‘Two instances of injury from its bite have been described to me. Many years ago Mr. H. Everett while talking to his brother, one evening in Borneo saw one of these little animals in a ditch and picked it up. It bit him on the hand, and he threw it down. His brother was walking away, and though Mr. Everett could hear his footsteps now in the distance he was unable to call him. His mouth and tongue swelled up, and he was unable to walk. He attempted to crawl up the hill to his own house, but only managed to get Jour. Straits Branch ‘ ~4 é BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 147 there next morning. When found he was unable to speak, with his tongue protruding from his mouth. His clerk who found him, cut the clothes round his neck, and managed eventually to recover him. In the second case a lady in Singapore was bitten by a Loris on the hand, and her mouth ~ and tongue swelled up very much, but the swelling went down towards evening. No other part of the body seemed to be affected by the bites. The natives all know of the danger of the bite of the animal, but it is said that it is only dangerous when fresh caught, and after it has been in captivity for some- time it is not poisonous. The weird appearance of the Loris with its lar ge sua eyes, and its habit of covering its face with its paws has given rise to many tales concerning it. It is supposed to have the faculty of seeing spirits, which is why it covers its face, as pre- sumably it does not want to see them. Its use in native medicine with other superstitions about it have been pee in the Journ. Roy. As. Soc. 8. Br. vol. 34. Galeopithecus nolons The flying lemur, is common in many of the Singapore woods, but it 1s not easy to get or keep in captivity. Ihave had young ones taken from the mother when killed twice, and endeavoured to rear them. They took milk readily but died in a few days from cold, as it seemed impossible to keep them dry. An adult captured in Singapore was kept for some days, and was being taught to live on bananas, when it managed to escape. In a wild state they live on leaves, the intestines of those killed being usually packed with nibbled up leaves, but the animals in captivity would not eat such leaves as I offered them. Their cry in the forests resembles the quacking of a duck. FELIDZ. Felis tigris: Five or more tigers have oe kept i in the garden at differ- ent times. They are always easily procurable, but usually the funds of the garden were not large enough for the keep of so eS R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 148 _ BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. expensive an animal. ‘Two cubs were kept for a short time in order to train them to eat meat previous to shipping them to Europe. They were about as big as large cats, with ridicul- ously large heads and paws. Remarkably tame and friendly, they would follow me about the garden for short walks, putting up their tails and rubbing their heads against my legs like © tame cats. In a few days they had learnt to eat meat instead of requiring milk, which was difficult to get on board ship, and Sir Charles Mitchell, then Governor, who owned them, had _ them sent home to the Zoological Gardens. They were great — : pets on board ship, where they ran loose. They had grown as big as leopards when I saw them in England some months later, but were still tame enough to stroke. I heard afterwards that they died during the time of change of teeth, always a risky time with tigers. Before they were shipped a live chicken was put in their cage, and though the little animals had never seen one before, the biggest one darted at it and gave it such a blow with its paw: that the chicken was sent flying like a ball against the wall of the cage falling dead instantly. : | A fine young tigress taken from a nest in Pahang was presented to the gardens by M. Wise, in 1895 and lived there till 1903, when it was sold. She passed safely through the ordeal of changing her teeth, though considerable care had to . be taken with her at that time, and she had to be dosed with ~ santonine put in a piece of meat. She was usually very quiet, with Europeans at least, though she disliked natives, and would charge the side of the cage and strike violently with her paws if the keeper leant with his back against the bars, but never did so when he faced her. As the cage had to be en- larged for her, she had to be temporarily transferred to a travelling cage in which she could only just turn round. She was kept there for some weeks and when the large cage was. ready she absolutely refused to leave the travelling cage, so that a fire of paper had to be made near the cage in the hope that the smoke might induce her to go into the large cage, but she took no notice till a piece of paper suddenly burst into flame, when she walked slowly into the cage and then made a Jour, Straits Branch ,? BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 149 rush to the further end, and finding a wooden platform put for her to sit on, investigated it carefully by feeling with her paws - underneath before she would sit on it. She was fed on pariah dogs, beef, or goat, and always supplied with grass which she would often take from the hand. She got tired of dogs after a time, and her diet had to be changed. Chickens ~ she used toappreciate. First plucking all the feathers off she washed the carcase carefully in her water before eating it. She was also partial to rats, holding them in her paws and biting off the head and gradually eating them. Occasionally a tiger requires liquid blood, as otherwise it gets constipated, and this was always difficult to get, as she would not touch it if coagulated. A rhinoceros having died in the gardens she thoroughly enjoyed its flesh, and also drank the blood greedily. She very much delighted in rolling on her back in a shallow tank of water provided for her, especially on hot days. When she became full grown she took to roaring at sundown, and occasionally later, especially on moonlight nights, and her ery Ah-oum could be heard at a great distance. Like most of the local tigers she was very light coloured the fur being quite yellow. Another very fine tiger kept for some time in the gardens before being sent to Cairo, was of a rich chestnut brown. - It had been caught in Sumatra. The food of a tiger * costs about fifty dollars a month. Other examples were offered by H. H. the Sultan of Johore and other people, but the ex- pense of keeping these big cats was too great for the limited funds of the gardens. A wild tiger inhabited the Garden Jungle for some months in 1893, having probably wandered there from Bukit Timah. Felis pardus. . The Leopard though easily procurable, could not be kept on account of its cost in food. However in 1876 a spotted leopard presented by the King of Siam, was on view for some time, and a couple of cubs of the black panther were deposited in the gardens for a short time. The latter weve very vicious, though quite small. They snarled and fought whenever any one came near them. - R.A. Sce, No 46,,1906. - 150 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. Felis tristis. A full grown female of this ree cat was sent to the gar- dens in a stick cage one night, and was put temporarily in part — of the monkey cage. It¢however managed to escape from its travelling cage, and as it could not be recaptured with any safety it had to be shot. The carcase was sent to the museum. F.. Temmincke. A golden cat was sent from Pahang in 1893, and lived for some time, when it suddenly died. It was a very quiet and handsome animal with its marbled orange tabby fur. It was. one of the most placid cats I ever saw. As there was some ~ difficulty in getting its travelling cage into the large cage, en- deavours were made to get it to walk into its new home, but nothing would induce it to move. When squirted at with water it sat still and lapped up the water; when a smoke of brown paper was made it folded its paws and went to sleep. Finally the travelling cage was got into the large cage and broken to pieces, till at last the cat remained sitting calmly — on the last bit of the box. F’. bengalensis. : The Leopard cat is the kind most aia brouone in for sale. It is a beautiful little animal, hardly as big as a good - sized English cat, yellow with round black spots. When — caught full grown it is usually extremely vicious. Two kept in one cage always watched carefully at feeding time for the keeper, to try and strike him with their paws when he opened the small side door to put thefood in. Being nocturnal they are generally very quiet, hardly moving all day, and frequently only feeding at night. . When caught as kittens they can some- times be made as tame as an English cat. One kept foralong - _ time by Mr. Hervey in Malacca was presented by him to the gardens where it lived many years, and was quite tame and would play like a kitten with anyone. Formerly it was kept loose in the house in Malacca but it got so very sportive and smashed so much glass and china that it had to be~ shut up. — Jour. Straits Branch BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 151 On one occasion it got out of its cage in the gardens into a gallery at the back of the cages and no one could catch it. When I cornered it and stooped down to pick it up it sprang — over my head, but it did not attempt to bite or scratch. It must have been 12 or 13 years old when it died, and I believe then it was killed by-a cobra or other poisonous snake. An- other kitten of the same species which was being trained to eat cooked meat, which is popularly supposed to induce tame- ness, died in the same way. The animals perfectly well on the previous night, were found with the head enoeouty swollen next day and died very shortly. On one or two occasions there was an outbreak of a very- infectious disease among the cats, a form of diarrhoea and weak- ness, the cats dying always with their mouths full of the grass of their bedding. At first the disease lasted two or three days before the fatal termination, but later became more rapid, and the last of the cats attacked died in a few hours after it first showed signs of illness. Cats were not rarely sent down from the Peninsula or neighbouring Islands in small cages with a putrid fowl in the cage for them to eat. When they arrived they were found to have a violent diarrhoea which soon killed them. Being usually very wild it was difficult to give them any medicine, as they could not be handled. They were dosed by dipping a stick wrapped in cloth into the medicine and presenting it to the cat which bit it furiously so that the medicine ran down its throat. ff. planiceps. The stump-tailed cat ig a small grey and red cat with a thick blunt tail. It was formerly considered very rare, but at one time was one of the commonest cats sent to the gardens. It is usually a quiet cat, but I never saw one that was really tame. On one occasion a gentleman sent one which he said refused to eat and had eaten nothing for some days. JI offered it fish and all kinds of tempting things, for it did not occur to — me that the owner had never tried it with raw meat, but this proved to be the case, and when some raw beef was offered, it ate two pounds up‘as fast asit could. It is useless to try -_R. A. Soe., No. 48, 1906. e 152 BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. to feed wild cats or any carnivora with cooked meat, they will never touch it, until they have been gradually trained to it, nor. will any of them drink milk, though they may be trained to do so, especially if quite young. Itis perhaps as well to point out that all these cats, including tigers, require grass and hou be supplied with it. VIVERRIDAE. Viverra zibetha, and V. tangalunga. The two big grey civets are often brought in by Malays. They are very handsome beasts, but do not stand captivity well, as they are usually very nervous and dislike being looked at. They live best in darkened cages as they cannot stand a bright light. During the day they are generally very quiet, and are active only at night. They are never vicious though seldom tame. Their food consists of fruit and meat, but like all these animals should be fed chiefly on bananas, papayas and such fruit, with only a little meat. One of the Tangalungas escaped from captivity on one occasion and lived wild in the gardens foralong time. It usually concealed itself during the day, but ~ was often seen by the watchmen at night wandering about. I came across 1t during the day on one occasion, when the dogs pursued it but were easily beaten off. Wild ones have also been seen in the gardens. - Paradoxurus hermaphrodirtus. The Musang. This is a very common animal, abundant in a wild state all over Singapore, and often inhabiting the roofs of houses. It is very easily kept in confinement and becomes very docile, especially when taken young, and can be trained to perform tricks, or to follow its owner about. It. eats almost anything but lives chiefly on fruit. It does not appear to be a long lived animal, but it seldom suffers from any disease. Specimens brought by Malays however are very often injured in catching them. I have had one brought with’ its mouth sewn up with string, to prevent it biting. The string was quickly removed and the poor animal soon recover-. its injuries: The common local form varies somewhat in Jour, Straits Branch .: ~ BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. 153° . coloring, but comparatively small in size. The Javanese form, of which a specimen was presented to the Gardens in 1904, is a very different looking animal, much larger, with three distinct black stripes down its creamy white back. P. agurus leucomystax. The white-whiskered Paradoxure. This is a rare beast of a light brown colour with orange eyes. Three were taken in Singapore one year, and two of these were brought to the gardens, one was injured by a dog bite in catching it, and eventually had to be killed. The other lived for over ten years. Avery quiet animal sleeping nearly all day, and occasionally moving about slowly. It is not vicious but is less docile than the musang. It eats fruit, chiefly bananas, and seems to be a long lived animal. It requires a darkened © cage, as it dislikes a bright light. ? ' Arctogale leucotes. This pretty brown civet has been kept in the gardens for some time. It is very tame and is very fond of being stroked by visitors. One was sent to the London gardens in 1909. Arctictis binturong. The bear-cat has often been on view in the gardens. It is easily tamed and very long lived. One remarkably fine one was kept for 16 years. Its food consists of bananas and pine- apple. It will also eat meat, birds, dried fish, ete. Jt was also sent to the Zoological Gardens in London in 1905. Herpestes mungo. | A common Indian mungoose lived for many years in the garden, and was believed to have been intentionally poisoned eventually by a native who had one to sell. It is. often brought to Singapore by natives of India, The one kept was very tame and amusing and spent much of the day playing with the dogs, as it was allowed to run about. It was an excellent ratter, and a great snake-killer. RB, A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 154 _ BOTANIC GARDENS MENAGERIE. AH, aureopunctatus. The small Indian mungoose, is also often imported into Singapore, and two were kept foralong time. They were very tame-and playful. H. brachyurus. The water mungoose. Two of these have been kept for many years. One was presented by Dr. Johnstone who got it in Tringanu. The habits of this. animal are very different from those of the two previous ones. It is never really tame nor is it at all playful. When annoyed it erects the bristles on Y \ its back whence probably the Malays eall it eS Babi. ne Its food is fish, but it is ane ‘partial to snakes. Cyon rutilans. The Malay wild dog. Two pairs of pups were kept for some time in the gardens, but one of the pair died soon after arrival, having been injured in catching, and the others were at different times poisoned out of spite by natives. .This dog is a very handsome red animal with a beautifully plumed tail which when pleased it arches gracefully, but never wags it. It does not bark but makes a yapping noise. One used to spend much of its time rushing up the wooden partition of its cage for about 12 feet and dropping again to the ground. By bringing a terrier slut to the outside of its cage and stroking her the wild dog who evidently much admired her became tame enough to let me stroke it, and it was getting quite tame and very handsome when the native miscreant poisoned it. It is said that there are two kinds of wild dog in the Peninsula, one large and the other small, and this seems possible as one pair of pups were nearly as big as the last rane ee dog, though evidently very much Younger. C. aureus. cw? The Indian Jackal. F Hokkien.—Continued. - Chan-chu kang Chioh-sua" Selitar Pulau Obin Chap-peh keng Chiu-long lai — ‘ Boat Quay Cornwall Street Ohantnenok Beng Hoon Road EL Apa ae Havelock Road Circular Road Chap-sa” hang Boat Quay Chap-sa” hang au Circular Road Chhai-hng lai Lavender Street Chhai-tng au Bencoolen Street Chhat-bok koi South Bridge Road Chhau-chhi - New Market Road Park Road Chhiang thai koi Upper Hokkien Street Chhiang thai koi e chat ' Hokkien Street Chiang-gi © Changi Chin-chu sua” Pearl’s Hill Road Chin Heng toa chhu North Boat Quay Chin Seng chhu-pi” Coleman Street Chin Seng sua” khau Enggor Street Krian Street Chin sui koi Chin Swee Road Chiu-long pi" Cheang Wan Seng Rd. Cho-su-kiong khau Trass Street Gopeng Street Chua-chu kang Chua Chu Kang Chui-bo lai Alexandra Road Chui-chhu bue Boat Quay Chui-lan teng Club Street Ann Siang Hill Chui-sien mng . North Bridge Road Chui-sien-mng be-liau hang- a lai Bain Court Chui-tham thau Thomson Road Reser- voir. Ga-lan kuan Land Office Gi-hin kong-si China Street Gi-hok koi Carpenter Street Gi-hok kong-si au Clarke Street Gi-lap Siglap Jour, Straits Branch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. 197 Hokkien.—Continued. ~ Gi-oh khau . Amoy Street Gia-kang ma-ti Blakang Mati Go-cho bue : Crawford Road Go-cho lut Rochor Road Go-cho lut bé-bue hang Bernard Street Carine Street Farquhar Street Go-cho ma-ta chhu Rochor Police Station Go-cho pa-sat_ ~ Crawford Road Go-cho toa kong-si Lavender Street Go-cho toa-peh-kong Balestier Road Go-tai thien-kiong Church Street Gu-chhia-chui New Bridge Road | Gu-chhia-chui hi-hng au Almeida Street Gu-chhia-chui hi-hng koi Smith Street Gu-chhia-chui hi-hng koi cheng koi Sago Street Gu-chhia-chui hue®-koi Tringganu Street Gu-chhia-chui kia Craig Road Duxton Road Neil Road | R, A, Soe,, No. 46, 1906. Gu-chhia-chui mata chhu Kreta Ayer Police Station Gu-chhia-chui toa be-chhia lo South Bridge Road Gu-kak hang Cheng Cheok Street Gu-long lai Blanco Court Guan Sun koi Teluk Ayer Street Hai-ki" ang-mo toa-oh pi" Bras Basah Road Hai-ki" thih tiau-kié Cavenagh Bridge © Hai-kuan Marine Office Hai-kuan ma-ta chhu Marine Police Station Hai-lam hue-kuan au Hylam Street Hai-lam hue-kuan hang ~ Malabar Street Hai-lam hue-kuan pi* Middle Road ~ Hai-lam koi — Hylam Street Hai-lam sua" ~ Thomson Road Hai-san koi : Upper Cross Street Hai-san koi ang-mo oh au Mosque Street Heng-Liong koi Robinson Road Hi-kuan koi Carpenter Street 198 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE Hiap Hoat koi D’ Almeida Street Hiok-Ni sin chhu au - Coleman Street Ho Ban Ni’ au koi Sago Lane Ho-lan-se le-pai-tng pi” Bras Basah Road Hok-im-kuan au-hue"-hang Cashin Street Hok-im-kuan au-koi Bain Street Hok Lam koi Hock Lam Street Hong Hin lo Kim Seng Road Hong Lim pa-sat — Havelock Road... Hu-liau lai Kampong Martin Huan-a kam-kong lai Haji Lane Huan-a thiong-cheng be-liau Jalan Kubor Huan-a thiong-cheng thau- tiau Jalan Pisang Huan-a thiong-cheng tiong tlau Jalan Kledek. Hue-chhia thau _ Singapore Railway Station Hue-hng au Holland Road. Hue-hng kak Commercial Square Hokkien.—Continued. Hue-long koi . Sambawa Road Hue-sia" Kallang Boat T=sio' 7koi= e Pekin Street It-ho ma-ta chhu | Central Police Station Ji-chap keng © Beach Road | Jalan Sultan Ji-ong ge-mng — Colonial Secretary's Office Ji-ong sua"-kha Niven Road Ji-ong sua'-kha ti tek- kha khi Wilkie Road Sophia Road Jiau-a koi Arab Street Jiau-a koi kam-kong lai Haji Lane Jiau-a phah-thang koi — Little Cross Street Jit-pun koi Malay Street Ka-lan-ji Kranji Ka-lang ki6 Kallang Road Kallang Bridge Ka-lang lut. Kallang Road Ka-lek lut — Craig Road _ Jour. Straits Branth - CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SiNGAPORE (199 Hokkien. — Continued. Ka-seng koi Cashin Street - Ka-tong Tanjong Katong — Kam-kong ka-la-bu ls be- po hang Buffalo Road Kam-kong ka-poh Dickson Road Weld Road Clive Street Kam-kong ka-poh hue" (or toa) koi Dunlop Street Kam-kong’ ka-poh thai-tu long ‘Jalan Besar Kam-kong ma-lak-kah bue- tiau koi Solomon Street Kam-kong ma-lak-kah chha- chun thau Hong Lim Quay Kam-kong ma-lak-kah_hai- ki? Hong Lim Quay Kam-Kong ma-lak-kah Heng ~ — Chhun hi hng tui-bin koi _ Angus Street Kam-kong ma-lak-kah hi hng koi Cumming Street Kam-kong ma-lak-kah kang- a ki” | Canal Read Kam-kong ma-lak-kah ki6 Read Bridge R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. Kam-kong ma-lak- kah pun- sd chhia tui bin koi Kerr Street Kam-kong ma-lak-kah sam- pa-yang teng au Keng Cheow Street Kam-kong ma-lak-kah sam- pa-yang teng hang Omar Road Kam-kong ma-lak-kah sin pasat koi New Market Road Kam-kong ma-lak-kah Tan Seng-ong au Fisher Street Kam-kong sai-kong ang-mo phah thih Merbau Road Kam-kong sai-kong khoi-ki" Tampinis Road Kam-kong gai-kong phah- _ thih au Tampinis Road Kang-kia"™ Chua Chu Kang Kang-po-kek Municipal Office Kat-ti-li hang-a lai Guthrie Lane Kau-a ki" : North Canal Road Kek-sng cheng North Boat Quay Keng-chiau koi Keng Cheow Street Kha-khu keng Gaol E 200 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. | Hokkien.—Continued. Khe-ki" Boat Quay K hoi-ki" hue"-koi-a Canton Street Kiau-keng khau China Street Kim-lan bi6 Narcis Street Kit-ling-a le pai au _ Pagoda Street Kit-ling-a le-pai-tng cheng Muar Road : Kit-ling bié au Pagoda Street Kit-ling bid pi" _ Mosque Street Kit-ling le-pai-tng cheng Chi- ang-kun-ia pi" | Ophir Road Kong-chioh-a — Canal Road Havelock Road Kong-chioh-a chiu-long lai Cheang Lim Hien Street Chin Swee Road Cheang Hong Lim Lane Kong-chioh-a chiu long thau Tong Watt Road Kong-chioh hi-hng au-koi Lim Eng Bee Lane Ku ba-li Shaik Madersah Lane Kua’"-chha tiam koi Macao Street Kui-lan hang Tan Quee Lan Street Lam-in-tang-tho-kho kak- _ thau fy De Souza Street - Lau-chi hang | Minto Road Lau-chi kha ; Alexandra Road Lau-chui khe" Stamford Road Lau-ia-keng khau Phillip Street Lau kha-khu-keng khau Bras Basah Road Lau pa-sat khau Malacca Street Market Street Lau pa-sat ma-ta-chhu au Cecil Street Lau toa-peh-kong hit-tiau Anson Road Leng-thau che" River Valley Road L6-kun chhu General Hospital L6-ma pan-jiang Rochor Road L6-ma pan-jiang hang Fish Court Lo-ma pan-jiang- toa-be- chhia lo North Bridge Road Ma-cho-kiong au Amoy Street. © Ma-cho-kiong hi-thai au Stanley Street Ma-cho-kiong pi” Japan Street Jour, Straits Branch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. .20] Hokkien.—Continued. Ma-kau koi . Hong hone Street Man-li Mandi Mang-ku-lu Middle Road Mang-ku-lu chhai-tng koi Waterloo Street Mang-ku-lu chhia-kuan Middle Road Mang-ku-lu kang-a ki" Rochor Canal Road Mang-ku-lu sau-lo koi. Prinsep Street Mang-ku-lu Seng-ong-kong Albert Street. Mang-ku-lu chhio" pi” Middle Road Mang-kt-lu toa lo Bencoolen Street Meng-sun kang Morai Mi"-kua" keng Thomson Road Mua’-lut Muar Road Na’ -tau hang ~Rangoon Road Nam Seng hue-hng pi" Tan Tok Seng’s Hospital O-chhai hng Tiong Bahru O-ki6 Balestier Road Delta Road ~ Ong-hu hang Pahang Street R, A. Soc., No. 46, 1906, Ong-hu khau Sultan Gate Ong-hu khut-thau hang Padang Alley Ong-ke pe’-chhu General Hospital Ong-ke sua” Fort Canning Hill Ong-ke sua” au Tank Road Ong-ke sua’ -kha Hill Street River Valley Road Ong-ke sua"-kha be-liau pi” Damar Road | Ong-ke sua"-kha kong-pan-ge phah chioh Damar Road Ong-ke sua”-kha thih chhio* Ord Road Ong-ke — sua"-kha thih- chhio” pi" Read Street Ong- ke sua'-kha_ thih- long pi’-thau Tan Tye Place Pa-so bue Cantonment Road Peh keng-a Cheang Hong Lim 8t. Peh sua-pu Buggis Street Peh-thah koi Java Road Peh-thah koi au-koi Palembang Road 202 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE H ohkkien.—Continued. : Pek-ki lin Chinese Brotervarnia: | Pek-ki-lin tui-bin hid hng koi Wayang Street _ Phah-tang koi Sultan Road Phau-be po chhau chhi Kerbau Road Phau-be po hang Belilios Road Roberts Lane Kinta Road Birch Road Kerbau Lane Phong-hut Ponggol Phue-kuan Post Office Pik-ki-lin au Canal Road. Po-le ' Magistracy Po-le-au kang-a ki" South Canal Road Po-le-au Sun Hong koi George Street Po-le-au te-ji tiau koi Synagogue Street Po-le pi” Macao Street Upper Macao Street Pun-s6 chhia Canal Road Sai- ek- -a-lui koi thai-tu long pi” Syed Alwee Road Sang-che” lo High Street — Sang-chiau Chancery Lane > Sang khau tia” ‘Alexandra Road _ Sang-leng Ulu Pandan Sek-a-ni koi © ~ Manila Street Queen Street Sek-a-ni le-pai-tng pi’ Middle Road : Sek-a-ni le pai tng tui-bin hang~ Bain Street Holloway Lane _ Seng P6 toa-chhu au Armenian Street -Si-pai po Outram Road Si-pai po ma-ta chhu ~Sepoy Lines Police Sta- tion | Siau-lang keng | Lunatic Asylum Sin ba-li -. Bali Lane Sin kam-kong Kampong Bahru Sin koi-a khau Merchant Road Sin koi-a khau hi-hng koi Merchant Road Sin koi thau Teo Chew Street © Jour. Straits Branch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE 203 Hokkien.—Continued. Sin pa-sat pi" Ellenborough Street ; Fish Street Sin pa-sat ma-ta chhu New Bridge Road Police Station Sin pa-sat ma-ta chhu ~ cheng New Bridge Road Sin pa-sat sin koi _ Chin Hin Street Sin sua" - Kampong Se Sid pan-lan Pandan Kechil - §i6-pd ang-mo phah-thih ~ Middle Road $16-pd hai-ki" Beach Road ‘$16-pd hue-chhia lo North Bridge Road $i6-p6 phah-chioh koi Java Road Si6-pé phah-thih koi - Sultan Gate Sié-p6 sam-pai yang teng — hang Jeddah Shrick Sid-pd sin-koi Fraser Street $i6-p6 thih-chhio" au-koi Holloway Lane Siok- Ui sua*-teng Chin Swee Road Chhoa Lam Street Siong-pek koi. Nankin Street — R, A. Soe:,$No. 46, 1906, Sit-lat mng Teluk Blangah Keppe: Harbour Sua’"-a teng Kling Street Sua”-kia teng Kling Street Tai-jin ge Chinese Protectorate ~ Tan-jiong gu Tanjong Rhu Tan-jiong gu-thau Tanjong Gol Tan-jiong pa-kat Tanjong Pagar Road Tan-jiong pa-kat Chin Seng sua -khau Bernam Street Tan-jiong pa-kat Seng-ong kiong pi" Wallich Street Tan-seng-ong koi Magazine Road Tang-leng ma-ta chhu Orchard Road Police ~ Station Tang-leng ma-ta-chhu au Paterson Road Tang-leng ma-ta-chhu tui- bin Scott’s Road Tang-leng pa-sat koi e Orchard Road | Tang-leng pa-sat tui-bin hang _Killmey Road Tang-leng peng-pang ‘The Barrack (Tanglin) 204 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. Hokkien.— Csntinden: Tau-hu koi _ Chin Chew Street Upper Chin Chew Street : Tek-kha Selegie Road Tek-kha chui-ti Mackenzie Road . Tek-kha kang-a ki" Bukit Timah Road Tek-kha khut-thau hang Annamallai Chitty Lane Tek-kha ma-ta-chhu Kandang Kerbau Sta- . tion Tek-kha ma-ta-chhu tui-bin gu-long pi’ koi Sungei Road Tek-kha so-si-tek hong Short Street Tek-kha tit-koi Selegie Road © Tek-kha tng-tiam hit-tiau Selegie Road ee kha tng- tiam tui-bin te- ”-tlat einer) Chitty Lane Tek-kha tng-tiam tui-bin te- ji-tiau Nagapa Lane Tek-kha tng-tiam tui-bin thau-tiau hang Veerappa Chitty Lane Thai-tu long khau Pulau Saigon Thia"-kha keng ~ Tan Tok Seng’s Hospital Thih pa-sat Gek-lu-ma ‘hens Garden Street Thih pa-sat khau Beach Road Thih pa-sat khut-thau eae Beach Lane Thih-pa-sat ma-ta- chhu tui- bin hang Clyde Street Thih pa-sat tui-bin hang Garden Street Jeddah Street Thih thiau Kling Street Thih tiau-kiéd Elgin Bridge Tho-kho au Battery Road Collyer Quay Tho-kho bue Flint Street Tho-kho hue-hng Raffles Place Tho-kho’ khau Commercial Square Tho-kho le-long-kwan D’ Almeida Street Tiam-pang lo-thau Boat Quay Tiau-kié thau Hill Street Tiau-kié thau bi-kau North Boat Quay Ti-kong : Pulau Tekong ~ Tio"-sian-su pi" Jalan Klapa Jour, Straits Branch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. 205 Hokkien.—Continned. Tiong koi Market Street Tit-lok a-ek bue-tiau koi Me Cullum Street Tit-lok a-ek kit-leng bi6 pi" Japan Street Tng-lang leng-su-hu hit-tiau Japan Street Toa-che" kha Kampong Glam Beach Toa-kau-thau-e ge-mng Police Office Toa kok | Supreme Court Toa-kok-cheng chhau-po Esplanade Toa-kok koi High Street Toa-mng lai Ramah Street Club Street Toa-mng-lai hang-a lai Mohamed Ali Lane ‘Toa-ong chhu Government House R, A, Soc., No, 46, 1906, Toa-ong sua” | Government Hill Toa-ong sua’ au-koi Cavenagh Road Toa pa-i6 Wayang Satu Toa pan-lan Pandan Besar Toa-p6o sin koi-a Chin Hin Street Toa Tang-leng Tanglin Tok-sun lut Duxton Road T's6 be-chhia koi Hokkien Street Tuan Kat tho-kho au-bue Bonham Street Tui-ku-pa-sat khi tan-jiong pa-kat hai-ki" hit-tiau Anson Road Ua"-tiam khau Clyde Terrace Yu-long Jurong 206 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. Cantonese. Chan chii shan Pearl’s Hill Chan hing tai uk North Boat Quay Chan shing shan hau Raub Street Enggor Street Krian Street Chan shing tai uk fong pin © Coleman Street Chan sui kai Chin Swee Road Cheung sin sz fong pin Jalan Klapa Chha tin ma thau eee Keppel Harbour Chha tin ma thau tui min Pulau Brani Chhan shing wong kai Magazine Road Chhat muk kai = - South Bridge Road Chheung thai kai Upper Hokkien Street Chheung thai kai ha kai Hokkien Street 2 Chhiu chau kai Teochew Street Chhiu chau san kai Chin Hin Street Fan chai mei Fan an mei ma-ta liu pin Spring Street Fat lan sai lai pai thong pin Bras Basah Road — ‘Fo chhe thau or cham Singapore Railway | Sta- tion ~ Fuk nam kai Hock Lam Street Fuk Yam kun hau kai Bain Street Fuk yam kun hau pin wang hong Cashin Street Fung hing 16 Kim Seng ear Ha mun kai Amoy Street Hau kong Serangoon Road Hau ma chhe 16 tseung kuan | yemiu- Johor Road Hing Lung kai Robinson Road Hip Fat kai ~ D’ Almeida Street Ho man nin hau pin kai Sago Lane Hoi kuan ma-ta liu Marine Police Station Hoi nam kai Hylam Street Hoi nam wui kwun hoi pin © kal - Beach Road : Jour. Sta aits Branch ‘! 2 Welded 3 ya ‘ ¥) Bey 4 ; Oe be eo tae || CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE 207 Cantonese.—Continued. Hoi nam wui kwun hong Malabar Street Hoi nam wui kwun pin Middle Road | Hoi pin thit tiu khiu Cavenagh Bridge Hoi shan kai Upper Cross Street Hoi shan kai ha kai Cross Street Hoi shan kai hung mo shit kwun hau pin Mosque Street Hung khiu Thomson Road Bridge - Hung khiu thau Thomson Road Hung m6 fan 3 Kampong Java Road Ka-lung khiu = Kallang Road Ka-lung khiu Kallang Bridge Ka-tei-lei hong tsai - Guthrie Lane Kam fong Gaol Kam-lan miu Narcis Street Kam pong hoi pin ~ Beach Road Kam pong ka pok | Clive Street Weld Road Dickson Road R. A. Soc. No. 46, 1906. Kam pong ka pok thong chit fone 232 Jalan Besar Kam pong ka pok wang (or tai) kai Dunlop Street Kam pong ma-lak-kah Chhan Sheng Wong hau Fisher Street Kam pong ma-lak-kah hei yun kai Cumming Street Kam pong ma-lak-kah hoi pin Hong Lim Quay Kam pong ma-lak-kah khiu Read Bridge Kam pong ma-lak-kah Lai pai thong hau pin Keng Cheow Street Kam pong ma-lak-kah lap- sap chhe tui min Kerr Street Kam pong ma- lak-kah san pa-sat kai New Market Road Kam pong sai kong hung m0 thit chhong Merbau Road Kam pong sal kong chhung pin ef Tampinis Road Kam pong san kal: Fraser Street — 208 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. Cantonese.—Continued. Kam pong ta shek kai Java Road Kam pong tai ma 16 North Bridge Road - Kam pong yi ma 16 Victoria Street Kat leng lai pai thong ts in Muar Road Kat leng miu pin Mosque Street Kat leng miu pin kai Pagoda Street: Kau ka-ku hau Bras Basah Road Kau ma li Shaik Madersah Lane Kau pa-sat Malacca Street Kun-yam miu chai-thong Waterloo Street Kun-yam miu hei-thoi hau Stanley Street Kung P6 kuk Municipal Office Kwai lan kai Tan Quee Lan Street Kwong-Fuk-miu kai Lavender Street Kwun ts’oi pho kai Macao Street Lam sam tai uk kai (Jueen Street Lam yin thung tho fu kok thau De Souza Street Lan keuk kwun Tan Tok Seng’s Hos- pital, Lo cho kai Rochor Road Lo cho kwat thau hong Carine Street Lo cho lut m6 mei hong > Bernard Street Farquhar Street Lo cho ma-ta liu Rochore Police Station Lo cho mei Crawford Road Lo cho pa-sat Crawford Road — Lo lam kai Noordin Lane Lo ma pan yang hong Fish Court Lo men san kai Robinson Road Lo ngan nga mun Court of Requests Lo Ts'am kai Lorong Teluk Ma chhe kai Upper Circular Road Ma kau kai Hong Kong Street | Ma lai fan tui min chung kan ko thiu 16 _dalan Kledek Malai fan tui min ma fong Jalan Kubor Ma lai fan tui min tai yat thiu ]0 Jalan Pisang Ma li hong Bali Lane Jour, Straite Branch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE 209 Cantonese.-~—Coutinued, Ma miu kai Phillip Street Mang ku 16 Middle Road 5; Bencoolen Street — Mang ku 16 chhung pin Rochor Canal Road Mang ku 16 shau chhe kuk Middle Road Mang ku 16 sO 16 kai . Prinsep Street Mang ku 16 thit chhong pin - Middle Road Man hing kai Malacca Street Man hing mai kau Beach Road Mo ma yau kai Albert Street Mui hi kuk © Kallang Road - Ng toithin kung Church Street Ngau chhe shui ye ma 16 New Bridge Road Ngau chhe shui hei yiin hau kai Almeida Street. Ngau chhe shui hei yin kai Smith Street Ngau chhe shui hei yiin ts’in kai Sago Street R. A, Soc., Ne. 46, 1906 Ngau chhe shui hei yiin wang kai . Tringganu Street Ngau chhe shui ma-ta liu _ Kreta Ayer Police Stas tion Ngau chhe shui ma-ta-liu ehik sheung Neil Road Ngau chhe shui tai ma 16 South Bridge Road _ Negau kok hong Cheng Cheok Street Pa-so mei ~ Cantonment Road Pak khei lun Chinese Protectorate Pak khei lun chik kai Havelock Road Pak khei lun hau pin kai Canal Road Pak khei lun tui min hei yiin hau kai - Lim Eng Bee Lane Pak khei lun tui min hei ytin kai Wayang Street Pak thap kai Java Road Pak thap kai hau kai Palembang Road Pek shan theng Thomson Road Peng thau shan Government Hill Phai kwun : Chinese Protectorate #15 210 CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE Cantonese.— Continued. Phau ma po ts6 shi Kerbau Road Phau ma po hong Belilios Road *. Bireh Road Buffalo Road Kerbau Lane Kinta Road Roberts Lane Po lei hau South Canal Road Po lei hau tai yi thiu kai - Synagogue Street Po lei sz Magistracy Po lei sz fong pin Macao Street - Po lei sz hau pin kai George Street P6 tsz chheung kai China Street Pun kei fan hai phd Stamford Road Sal pak mun Teluk Blanga — Sai yeung lai pai thong pin « Middle Road San chi sek tui min Pulau Brani ~ San kai hau Merchant Road San kam kong Kampong Bahru San pa-sat ma-ta-liu New Bridge Road Police Station San pa-sat ma-ta-liu ts’in kai - New Bridge Road San pa-sat pin Ellenborough Stree Fish Street _ San yi fuk kung sz hau pin Clarke Street Seng po tai uk hau pin ~ Armenian Street Sha tsui Tanjong Rhu » — Sha tsui hung m6 thit chh- ong tui min Beach Road Shan tsai teng Kling Street Shan yeung tai uk pin Craig Road Shap pat kan Boat Quay Shap pat kan hau Circular Road Shap sam hong Boat Quay Shap sam hong hau Circular Road Shap sam hong wang kai tsai Canton Street Shek lat mun Keppel Harbour Shui sin mun ma fong kwat thau hong Bain Court Shiin ching theng Marine Office J our. Straits Lranch CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. 211 Cantonese.—Continued. Si-pai lin ma-ta liu Sepoy Lines Police Sta- tion Si pai po Outram Road Si shii kai Cecil Street Siu pan lan Pandan Kechil Siu po ta thit kai Sultan Gate Sui lan theng Ann Siang Hill Sui lan theng Club Street. Ta thung kai Sultan Road Tai cheng keuk Kampong Glam Beach Tai kang thau nga mun Police Office - Tai kot Supreme Court Tai kot kai High Street Tai mun noi Club Street Tai mun noi hong tsai Mohamed Ali Lane Tai mun noi tsau tim kak lei Ramah Street - Tai pak kung miu kai Teluk Ayer Street “Par pan lan Pandan Besar Tai peng thau chii ka Government House R, A. Soc,, No. 46, 1906, Tai shi kwun fong pin Bras Basah Road Tai shit sun kwun Post Office Tai shui thong Thomson Road Reser- voir Tai tang leng Tanglin Tai wong shan hau kai Cavenagh Road Tai yi yiin General Hospital Tak sun lut Duxton Road Tan pin kai North Canal Road Upper Macao Street Tan yung pa-ka Tanjong Pagar Road Tan yung pa ka chan shing shan hau Bernam Street Tang leng Orchard Road Tang leng ma-ta-liu Orchard Road _ Police Station Tang leng ma-ta-liu hau pin kai Paterson Road Tang leng ma-ta-liu tui min Scotts Road Tang leng pa-sat tui min hong Killiney Road Tang leng peng fong The Barracks (Tanglin) 212 CHINESE NAMES OF ‘STREETS IN SINGAPORK. Cantonese. —Continued. : Tau fu kai : Chin Chew oe Upper Chin ae Street Tei shui sz Land Office Tek kha chhung pin Bukit Timah Road Tek-kha kwat-thau hong Annamalai chitty Lane Tek-kha ma-ta-liu Kandang Kerbau Police Station Tek-kha ma-ta-liu tui-min ngau-lan-pin kai Tek-kha tong-ph6o tai-yat thiu hong Verappa Chitty Lane Tek-kha tong-phdo tui-min tai-yi thiu hong Nagapa Lane Tek-kha tong-ph6 tui-min tai-sam thiu hong — Annamalai Chitty Lane Thit pa sat hau Beach Road Thit pa-sat kwat thau hong Beach Lane Thit pa-sat tui min hong Garden Street Jeddah Street Thit tiu khiu Elgin Bridge Tho fu fa yiin pin Commercial Square Battery Road Raffles Place tui-min Tho fu ham lang kwun | D’Almeida Street Th6 fu hau hoi pin Collyer Quay Théfu mei Flint Street ‘Thong chi fong Pulo Saigon — ‘Thong chii fong pin sai a lui — kai . Syed Alwee Boag Thung chai yi yiin kai Tin fong | Lunatic Asylum Tiu khiu thau Hill Street Tsau long noi — Beng Hoon Road Cheang Hong Lim Lane Wayang Str ect, S Cheang Lim Hien Street — Chin Swee Road Cornwall Street Havelock Road Tsau long pin Cheang Wan Seng Road: Ts’6 shi Park Road Tso sz kung | Gopeng Street Tras Street - Ts’oi thong hau Bencoolen Street Ts’ung pak kai Nankin Street | Upper Nankin Street Jour, Straits Braneh CHINESE NAMES OF STREETS IN SINGAPORE. 213 Cantonese. —Continued. Tiin kat-tho-fu hau mei Bonham Street. Wong fu hong ~ Kampong Malayu Padang Alley Wong fu kwat thau hong Padang Alley Wong ka fa yun Botanical Gardens Wong ka shan Fort Canning Hill” Wong ka shan hau Tank Road Wong ka shan keuk - - River Valley Road © Hill Street Wong ka shan keuk ma fong pin Damar Road Wong ka shan keuk thit chhong pin Read Street . Tan Tye Place Wu hap thong Balestier Road “Wu khiu Delta Road Wun tim hau Clyde Terrace Yat ho ma-ta liu Central Police Station R.A, Sce., No. 46, 1906, Yat pun chai kai Malay Street Yat pun kai Japan Street Yau wa kai Arab Street Yau wa kai hong tsai Haji Lane Yau wa ta thung kai Little Cross Street Yi-tuk kai Carpenter Street Yi ma 16 New Bridge Road Yi ma 16 khiu Coleman Street Yi peng thau nga mun Colonial Secretary s Office Yi seung kai . Pekin Street Yi shap kan Beach Road Jalan Sultan — Yi wong shan keuk Niven Road Yi wong shan keuk yau tek ha, oie « Sophia Road Wilkie Road Yuin Kampong Martin Grasses and Sedges of Borneo. BY No RIDLEY. The following list is compiled from the collections of the ~ Right Reverend Bishop Hose and Miss Hose, and of Dr. Havyi- land and other collectors as well as the lists of those collected by myself in Sarawak and Sandakan. In so large a country as Borneo, of ‘which the sreater part may be said to be unknown botanically, a list of this kind ean only be a preliminary one, and will be very much en- larged as the country opens up. The glumaceous plants too of several large collections such as those of Beccari in Sarawak, Creagh in Sandakan, Motley and Barber in various parts of Borneo, have not at all or only partially been worked out. The best known part of Borneo is Sarawak where Bishop Hose and Miss Hose, Dr. Haviland, and I myself on a short trip have collected. Dr. Haviland whose collections of trees and shrubs were remarkably fine devoted himself but little to herbaceous plants, except ou his expedition to Kinabalu. Most of the Bornean grasses and sedges here also found in the Malay peninsula, and in the adjacent islands of the archipelago. GRAMINEZ. Paspalum scrobiculatum, L. Common. Kuching, Sarawak (Miss Hose), Lundu, Sarawak (Miss Hose), Matang (H.N.R.), and a large form at Bau. - P. conjugatum, Berg. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Bau (Ridley), Sandakan (Ridley). P. distichum, L. Sarawak at Santubong (Bp. Hose), Kudat (Bp. Hose). Jour. Straits Branch B. A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 216 GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. P. sanguwnale, Lam. Common. ~ — var. conmutatum. Sarawak, Lundu, (Bp. Hose), Bat ae and Bidi (Ridley). var. debile. Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose). var. pruriens. Kuching (Bp. Hose). P. longiflorwm, Retz. Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose). Eriochloa polystachya, H. B. K. Sarawak river bank (Bp. — +e Hose). Kuching. : Isachne australis, Br. Sarawak, Limbang, Kuching (Bp. Hees) 5 I. rigada, Nees. Labuan. Open sandy country. (Ridley 9034). Sarawak, Mt. Matang about 1000 ft. alt (Ridley 11702). I. javana, Me Borneo sine loc. (Hook, fil. Fl. Brit. (Ind. Dy 2a): : I, Kunthvana, Nees. Kinabalu (Haviland), Lundu (Ridley). Pamcum colonwm, Li. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland), Limbang : (Miss Hose) Lengga (Bp. Hose). P. muticum, Forsk. Sandakan (Ridley). P. repens, L. Sarawak, Pinding Road (Miss Hose). (Ridley) Common. ’ P. plicatum, Link. Sarawak, Saribas at Kundang Padili ee Hose), Lundu. Abundant. (Ridley). P. pilipes, Nees. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Bidi, es tang (Ridley 11697) ; Sandakan, Bongaya River (Ridley) P. patens, Li. Sarawak, Ae (Ridley 11701), Bau (ia ley 11703), Quop (Miss Hose). Br. N. Borneo, Bonga- ya (Ridley). P. sctigerum, Retz. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). Jour. Straits Branch Ny by Pz GRASSES AND SEDGEHS OF BORNEO. 217 latufooum, L. Common. Sarawak, Saribas (Bp. Hose.) Quop (Miss Hose), Bau (Ridley 11688), Limbang (Bp. Hose) ; Sandakan, Bongaya in Labuk Bay (Ridley). . myurus, H.B. K. Sandakan (Ridley), Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose). . auritum, Presl. Sarawak, Labu (Bp. Hose) ; Sandakan (Bp. Hose); Bongaya (Ridley). . indicum, Linn. Common. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose Dr. Haviland), Bau, Mt. Matang (Ridley) ; Sandakan (Ridley) ; Labuan (Merrill). . myosuroides, Br. Sarawak, Kuching, Bau (Ridley). . nodosum, Kunth. Sarawak, Limbang River (Bp. Hose), Bau (Ridley), Kuching (Miss Hose, Dr. Haviland 1910), Saribas (Bp. Hose)- . ovalifolium, Poir. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Bau (Ridley); Sandakan, Bongaya (Ridley). . sarmentosum, Roxb. Sarawak, Kundang Padili, Saribas (Bp. Hose). . trypheron, Schultes. Borneo (Fl. Brit. Ind). Je Ps caesium, Sarawak. Bau (Bp. Hose). maximum, Sandakan, Kudat among rocks by the sea (Bp. - Hose) ; Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose). huniile, Nees. Borneo (Fl. Brit. Ind). Ichnanthus pallens, Munro. Sarawak, Puak (Ridley). Thysanolaena agrostis, Nees. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley) ; Brit- ish North Borneo, Gaya Island (Haviland). Axonopus cinucinus, Beauy. Sarawak, Saribas (Bp. Hose). R A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. 218 GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. Oplismenus conpositus, Beauv. Sarawak, Limbang (Bp. Hose), Road to Bau (Ridley), Quop (Miss Hose), Dahombang River (Haviland). Pemmusetum wtalicum, Sarawak, Quop (Cultivated) Bp. Hose. Cenchrus echinatus, Iu. British North Bienes Limbarra Island Labuk Bay in sand (Ridley 9040). Mave sarmentosa, Pers. Labuan (Ridley), Sarawak, Santu- bong (Bp. Hose). Oryza sativa, L. Cultivated. O. Ridleyt, Hook, Fil. Borneo (Hook Fil. Fl. Bri. Ind. p. 93). Leersia hexandra, Sw. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley, Haviland), Saribas (Bp. Ease) Leptaspis urceolata, Br. Sarawak, Santubong (Havilan d) ; Lundu near Waterfall (Ridley) British Nenk Bowie Bongaya River (Ridley). Coizxz Lachryma Jobi, UL. Cult. at Tabu: Sarawak, etc. (Bp. Hose). Zea Mays, l. Cultivated. \ Dimeria ornthopoda, Trin. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley 11718), Bau (Ridley). Imperata arundinacea, Cyrvill. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland, Bp. Hose), a branched form at Bidi (Ridley), Sanda- kan (Ridley), Labuan (Ridley). y T. exaltata, Brngn. Sarawak, Santubong (Bp. Hose), British . North Borneo, Kudat (Bp. Hose), Sandakan. : - Miscanthus sinensis, Anderss. Common. British N. Borneo, Kinabalu (Low), Gaya Island (Ridley), Sarawak, Com- mon everywhere. Quop (Miss Hose), Kuching, Bau. (Ridley). oe Jour, Straits Branch / GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. 219 Pollinia Ridleyi, Hack. Borneo, sine loc. (Hook. Le. 114). -P. nuda, Trin. A form with the calli of the ppi ele: glab- rous. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). Saccharum arundinaceum, Retz. Sarawak, river bank (Bp. Hose), Bau, Skerang, Saribas, etc., (Bp. Hose). Erianthus chrysothriz, Hack. Borneo (sine loc. Hook. fil. 1.c.) Ischenum magnum, Rendle. Labuan (Ridley); Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose, Ridley 11698). Top of Matang (Ridley). T. muticum, L. Sarawak, Kuching, Santubong (Miss Hose). ZI, ciliare, Retz. Common everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose, Haviland 1913). T. timorense Kunth. B.N. B., Sandakan (Ridley) : Sarawak Kuching, Limbang, Labu (Bp. Hose), Labuan (Bp- Hose). I. Beccarii, Hock. Borneo (Beceari). Pogonatherwm eruvitum, Trin. Sarawak, Matang (Hullett), Bau (Ridley). Polytrias premorsa, "Hook. Sarawak, Kuching, river bank (Bp. Hose). L Bombooilia glandulosa, Trin. Sarawak, Limbang (Bp. Hose), near Bau (Ridley 11681), Quop (Bp. Hose). Andropogon intermedius, Br. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley 11609). A, aciculatus, Retz. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland), B. N.-5,, Sandakan, (Ridley). <2 halepensis, Brot. Sarawak, Bidi (adie abundant. Busau. A. squarrosus, Linn, Cult. at Kuching (Bp. ae e R, A, Soc, No, 46, 1906, i 220 * GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. A. schoenanthus, Linn. Cult. ae Anthistiria gigantea, Cay. Sarawak, Sebayor, Saribas Be. Hose), Bau (Ridley), Busau. Eriachne triseta, Nees. Jesselton (Bp. Hose). EH. pallescens, Br. Sarawak, Ructnas (Miss Hoe); Labuan (Ridley 9106), Mertill. Sporobolus agar. Beauv. Sarawak, ee (Miss ok Dr: fad Bidley), Bau (Bp. Hose); Sandakan (Ridley). : Agrostis canina, L. var. Borneensis. British N. Borneo, Kinabalu (Haviland 1399) at 13, 000 feet alt. Deyeuxia este Stapf. Kinabalu at 13,000 feet (Havi- land). Deschampsia flexuosa. — 5 be s var. ligulata, Stapf. Kinabalu at 13,000 feet (Haviland). Eleusine indica, Gaertn. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching : (Miss Hose), Sandakan (Ridley). | | E. eg gyptiaca, Desf. Sarawak, Santubong seashore (Miss~ Hose) ; Sandakan (Ridley). aes : Cynodon dactylon, L. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose). Leptochloa chinensis, Nees. Sarawak, Kuching, (Miss Hose). Phragmites karka, Trin. “Tebu Ayer,” “Buluh Ayer,” Sarawak. Bau (Bp. Hose), Skerang (Bp. Hose). Eragrostis tenella, R. and S. Sarawak, Lundu (Miss Hose). Kuching (Bp. Hose). E. cinabils, Wight. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose). : 3 E. malayana, Stapf. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland). : Juur, Straits Branch \.) = GRASSES AND SEG: OF BORNEO. 224 E. elegantula, Steud. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Sanda- kan (Ridley). - EF. pilosa, Beauv. Gara Kochine (Ridley). Centotheca lappacea, Desy. Common everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching (Bartlett, Miss Hose), Pengkulu Ampat (Hayvi- land), Bau sidley) Lophatherum Lehmanni. Sarawak, Quop (Miss Hee), Lim- bang (Bp. Hose), Rejang ‘fee Bambusa near Ridleyz, (fide Gamble). Kinabalu, Tees (Haviland 1387). Stapf. in the Linnean Transactions p. 248 gives this as Schizostachyum Bluwmet, Nees. All the specimens seem too imperfect, but the one in the Singapore herbarium seems to me no Schizostachywm. Schizostaehyum brachycladon, Kurz. Sarawak, Bau. (Ridley). Gigantochloa Atta, Kurz. Sarawak Riverbank (Haviland). Dendrocalamus flagellifer. Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose), Quop (Bp. Hose). oe Dinochloa T; “ankorreh, Buse. Penokok River (Haviland 1390), Abundant, foot of Matang, and near Kuching. A very elegant climbing bamboo. CYPERACEA, Kyllinga monocephala, Rottl. Everywhere. Sarawak, Ku- ching (Haviland 1926), Bau -(Ridley). = brevifolia, Rottl. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching, Lun- du (Miss Hose), Bau (Ridley). British North Borneo, Sandakan (Ridley). Pycreus sanguinolentus, Nees. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). P. nitens, Nees. Sandakan (Ridley 9031). A tall weak form, R, A. Soc., No. 46, 1906, } 222 GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. P. polystachyus, Beauv. Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Matang (Ridley), Sandakan (Ridley). pee. var. laxiflora. Sarawak, Santubong (Miss Hose). P. pumilus, ae Borneo, (Motley), forma Borneensis (Bur- bidge). , P. sulcinua, Clarke. North Borneo, (Burbidge), Sarawak, - Puak in the rubber plantation. A very pretty yellow spikeletted plant. . Cyperus cephalotes, Vahl. Banjermassin (Motley). G, cuspidatus, H. B. K., Borneo (Motley). C. Haspan, L. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Bau (Ridley) Mt. Matang (Ridley), B. N. Borneo, Sandakan. Bongaya (Ridley), forma Malasica, sine loc. (Motley). C. pulcherrimus. Banjermassin (Motley). C. malaccensis, Lam. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose, Ridley), Lundu (Miss Hose). C. pilosus, Sarawak, Quop (Miss Hose), Kuching (Haviland 1916, Ridley), Bau, Matang (Ridley). C. zollingeri, Steud. Sarawak, Kuching, Lundu (Miss Hose). C. rotundus, Lu. Borneo sine-loc. (Barber), Labuan (Motley) Sarawak, Kuching, Santubong (Bp. Hose). C. stoloniferus, Retz. Sarawak, Santubong (Miss Hose, Rid- ley). On the sandy shore. C. tegetum, Roxb. Sarawak, Kuching (Bp. Hose). C. platystylis, Br. Banjermassin (Motley). C. diffusus, Vahl. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley), Santubong (Miss Hose). oe : C. eee Nees. Sarawak, (Beccari), Banjermassin (Mot- ley). Jour, Straits Branch GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO, 223 C. compressus, L. Sarawak, Kuching, Bau (Ridey). C. Iria, L. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley), Lundu (Miss Hose). C. distans, L. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose). Mariseus dregeanus, Kunth. Borneo, (Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.) M. cyperinus, vax tenuzfolins, Schrad. Sarawak, Quop, (Miss Hose). M. biglumis, var cylindro stachys. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). _ M. albescens, Gaud. Borneo (Barber), Santubong (Miss Hose). M. microcephalus, Presl. Sarawak, Kuching Bau (Ridley), Lundu, (Miss Hose), B. N. Borneo, Bongaya River (Ridley). M. ferax, Borneo (Barber). Heleocharis plantaginea, Br. Sarawak, Limbang (Bp. Hose). H. variegata, Kunth. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley), Limbang (Bp. Hose). H. capitata, Br. Labuan (Bp. Hose). H. chetaria, R. and §. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley), Bau (Bp. Hose), Kuching. Common. B. N. Borneo, Bongaya River (Ridley). Fimbr istylis acuminata, Vahl. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose), Sandakan, (Bp. Figsey FF. nutans, Vahl. Sarawak, Bau, Limbang (Bp. Hose) Brunei, ; Brooketon (Bp. Hose, Labuan (Bp- Hose). F. polytrichoides, Vahl. Sarawak, Santubong (Miss Hose). F. pauciflora, By. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley), Kuching, Santu- - bong (Miss Hose); Brunei, Brooketon, (Bp. Hose). | Ff’. schenoides, Vahl. Sandakan dieie Pe Santu- bong (Bp. Hose) ; Labuan see Hos RA. 00,, No. 46, aa 224 GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. . F. diphylla Vahl. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching, as Hose), Sandakan (Ridley). z: var. pluristriata, Clarke. A curious weak form on rocks, ; high up on Mt. Serapi Matang. F. spathacea, Roth. Sarawak, seashore, Santubone Wakes Hose). . F’, tenera, R. and S. var. obtusata. Borneo (Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. Ind.) Sarawak ~ Kuching (Miss Hose). | F. asperrima, Boeck. Sarawak, Quop (Miss Hose), Bau (Rid- ley), Kuching (Bp. Hose). Bae F. miliacea, Vahl. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching (Havi- land, Ridley), Quop (Miss Hose). F. globulosa, Kunth. Sarawak, Pinding Road (Bp. Hose), Kuching (Miss Hose), Brunei, Brooketon, (Bp. Hose). F. leptoclada, Benth. Borneo, (Hook. fil. l.c.) F. fusca, Benth. Labuan (Bp. Hose, Ridley 9042). Bulbostylis barbata, Kunth. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss ieee Labuan (Merrill). Seirus mucronatus, L. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley), Lundu — (Miss Hose), Sabu (Bp. reo) ee Se. clarkii, Stapf. Kinabalu (Haviland No. 1398), Sc. inundatus, Spreng. Kinabalu (Haviland). Sc. debilis, Pursh. Lundu, rice fields (Ridley). Futrena umbellata, Rottb. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley, Havi-— land 1918), Lundu (Miss Fese. Lipocarpha argentea, Br. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland 1906) - - Quop (Miss Hose), Matang Bau (Ridley). - Jour. Straits Branch | GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. 225 eee ialleohacna. Kunth. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hose). , R. malasica, Clarke. Borneo (Fl. Brit. Ind). B gaeca, Vahl Sarawak,-Kuching (Haviland 1914), Pin- ‘ding Road (Bp. Hose). : R. glauca, a Sarawak, Bau, (Bp. Hose), Kuching (Miss Hose). Chea apogon, R. and S. Kinabalu (Haviland). Sch. melanostachyus, R. Br. Kinabalu (Haviland). Cladium undulatum, Thw. Labuan (Ridley 9105 Bp. Hose). C. samoense, Cl. Kinabalu (Haviland 1405). Gahma javanica, Moritzi. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 11685), Santubong, Sabu (Bp. Hose). G. tristis, Nees. Brit. N. Borneo, Jesselton (Bp. Hose). Remirea maritema, Aubl. Sarawak, Coast opposite Santu- bong (Bp. Hose). . Hypolytrum latifoltum, Rich. Common in woods. Sarawak, Matang, Bau (Ridley), Lundu (Miss Hose), Santubong ‘(Bishop Hose). H. | proliferwm, Boeck. Borneo (El. Brit. Ind). H._costato-nux, C. B. Clarke n. sp. Culmo 4-6 dm. longo, re- mote foliato foliis perlongis, 8-10 mm. latis, panicula 5 em. longa et lata composita polystachya, spicis parvulis; stylo 2-fids, nuce 13 mm. longa longitudi- naliter leviter 10-12 costata nec reticulata castanea nigrescente culmus basi lateraliter pullularis vix sto- lonifer apice triqueter fere levis, nux obvoidea com- pressa apice obtuse conica. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 12345). : 7 R.A. Soc. No. 46, 1906 — *16 226 GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. \ Thoracostachyum bancanum, Clarke. Sarawak, swampy ground in a wood near Puak (Ridley 12339). Th. Ridleyi, Clarke. New species. Quasi umbellae radiis 5 — : usque ad. 5 cm. longis 1-3-stachyis spicis ovoideis densifloris 6 mm. longis, nuce 1$ mm. longis anguste obovoidea trigona, lucide castanea, rostro cum % parte- nucis aequilongo lineari-conico. Rhizoma Ba ligne- um, culmi basi robuste pullulantes 5dm. longi graci- liores. Folia omnia basalia 3-4 dm. longa, 7 mm. lata. Bracteae 3, ima. 12 em. longa filiformes. Species ex- imia. ie pee eS Common in the woods. (Ridley 12346). le This plant is abundant in the sandy woods near Ku- ching. It is about 15 inches tall with a rather hard woody rhizome, and somewhat stiff leaves; the culms is slender and ends in an umbel of about 65 rays one of which is usually branched: the globose spikes are solitary on the ends of the umbels rays: the glumes are crowded, rather pale, and the nut onal) and rather long beaked. Mapama radians, Clarke n. sp. Rhizome stout woody. Leaves flacid linear 18-24 inches long, 4 inch wide, acu- minate to a long point, glabrous, nine ribbed dis- ~tichous crowded at base. Scapes very slender, 3-6 inches long, purple with a close fitting sheath ! inch long halfway, spikes terminal in a head 4 to 12, ¢ inch long dark red viscid cylindric covered with ie like ovate obtuse bracts with ciliate edges. Outer squamel- lae flattened with short thick bristles on the keels; ~~ Inner squamellae 2 thin lanceolate glabrous. Stamens slender, filaments filiform. Stigmas 3, nut stalked glo- bose, with a very long conic blunt grooved beak, much longer than the rest of the nut. Sarawak, Rocks on Matang, Siul, Puak ; Sandakan, Bongaya River (Ridley). This new species is about 2 feet tall, with a rather — slender stem triquetrous above. Leaves narrow linear Jour Straits Branch — GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. ELE del | Seats 2 inch broad, pale beneath, a Fee about 34 inches iene and small black globular ribbed nuts. M. trquetra, Ridl. Sarawak, Matang; Bau, Siul, Bidi (Ridley 11698). Common in the woods, also occurs in the Malay Peninsula. M. humilis, Naves and Villars. Sarawak, Matang, etc., (Rid- ley). A common plant in Sarawak. M. debilis, Clarke n. sp. Fere levis. Foliis 6 dm. longis, 6 mm. latis, utrinque attenuatis, scapo 15 cm. longo gracili, capite florifero 8 mm. in diametro subgloboso e 5 spicis inter se distinctis exstructo, spicis (floriferis) 5 mm. longis ferrugineis densis. Species M. muiltis- picatae affinis. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 12344). This is a tufted plant, with long narrow grassy leaves, and a small heads of flowers on a_ slender peduncle about 4 inches long. M. zeylanica, var. A big tufted plant, with numerous stiff rough leaves and heads of flowers on long or short ped- uncles. Matang (Ridley 12335), also collected in Borneo at Banjermassin by Motley. Mr. Clarke who identifies this, writes that it is otherwise a plant confined to Ceylon. Scirpodendron costatwm, Kurz. Sarawak, Santubong (Bp- Hose). Sandakan, Bongaya (Ridley 9038). Lepiroma mucronata, Rich. Labuan (Merrill). Scleria lithosperma, Sw. B. N. Borneo ; Kudat (Bp. Hose). Scl. zeylanica, Poir. Foried Kuching (Miss Hose). Sel. caricina, Benth. Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley 11691), Lim- bang, Bau (Bp. Hose). Scl. neesiz, Kth. Borneo (Hl. Brit. Ind.), BR. A. Soc "9 No. 46, 1906, a GN 2S oe GRASSES AND SEDGES OF BORNEO. | Scl. bancana, Miq. Everywhere. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss ~— Hose). oa So Scl. multifoliata. Sarawak, Saribas, Kuching (Bp. Hose). Scl. sumatrensts, Retz. Sarawak, Kuching (Miss Hess) Matang (Ridley), Labuan (Ridley). Sel. trigonocarpa, Ridl. B. N. Borneo; Gaya Island (Ridley) Kudat (Bp. Hose). Scl. laevis. Common. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). Carex rara, Booth. Kinabalu (Haviland). Carex borneensis, Clarke. Kinabalu (Haviland). | C. Havilandi, Clarke. (C. hypsophila, Stapf). Kinabalu (Haviland) | C. saturata, Clarke. (C. filacona, Stapf). Kinabalu (Hastandl C. speciosa, Kunth. . Banjermassin (Motley 1222). C. Dietrichiae, Boeck. River banks at Busau. Common. (Ridley). = Mr. Clarke who names this says it is very frequent in Malaya, and North East Australia. JI have ‘never ‘seen it from the Malay Peninsula. iS ; Jour. Straits Branch Scitamineae of Borneo. Bye Ee N= RIDGE. ~The order of Scitamneae is as well represented in Borneo as in the Malay Peninsula, but it is probable that at present a very large number are yet uncollected or if collect- ed not yet described. The JZingiberaceae and Mar- antaceae of Beccari’s and Korthas’ collections were described by Schumann in the Pflanzenreich. Some of these however, I have quite failed to identify with plants collected on the same . ground, viz., Kuching and Matang in Sarawak, the scene of Beccari’s researches. Dr. Haviland’s collection contains but few of the or ler, but Mr. J. Hewitt, the curator of the museum, has added a goo.l many species to the flora. The genera of Bornean Scitamineae are very much the same as those of the Malay Peninsula. I have not however seen any repre- sentatives of the genera Geostachys or conamomun or Hedy- chiwm. The genera Haplochorema and Burbidgea are peculiar to Borneo. Comparatively few of the Bornean species are actually the same as those of the peninsula, but closely allied forms appear, such as Hornstedtia reteculava, closely allied to H. scy- phifera and H. brachycheilus closely allied to H. metriochilus. It is rather curious to note that while yellow Globbas are com- mon in the Malay Peninsula and white ones comparatively rare, the reverse is the case in Borneo, where yellow flowered species are scanty. The number of species Bene is also comparatively small. There must be very many more species of this order in Borneo. The Marantaceae especially want working up. I have several which are not in a good enough state to be des- cribed. The flowers are so fugacious that they want very 'R. A, Soe., No. 46, 1906. 230 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. careful drying separately from the inflorescence. This paper must be taken therefore as a mere preliminary one for the ~ Scitamineae of Borneo. GLOBBA. Gl. atrosanguwnea, Teysm. and Binn. This pretty Globba with its large bright red bracts and yellow flowers is abundant in the Sarawak woods, Kuching (a small form), Bau (Ridley 11803), Bidi, Puak, (Ridley), Barang (Haviland), Rejang, Sibu (Havi- land 368), Gl. aurantiaca, Miq. Was obtained in Borneo by Koatale no locality being given for it. It is common in the Malay Peninsula. Gl. (marantella) propinqua, n. sp. Stems about 2 feet tall. Leaves lanceolate acumin- ate narrowed into a short petiole glabrous above beneath slightly pubescent 6 inches long 17 inch wide, | sheaths roughly short hairy, ligule oblong pubescent. Raceme nodding, shortly or not branched. SBracts lanceolate oblong pubescent green approximate (when young) ¢ inch long. Rachis pubescent. Calyx tubular rather long shortly 3 lobed, lobes ovate, mucronulate red. Corolla tube rather long, petals lanceolate acute orange yellow. Lip linear oblong, rather short apex emarginate, lobes slightly divaricate orange yellow with a red central spot. Filament long yellow, anther elliptic with four nearly equal linear acuminate lobes, upper ones slightly the broadest. Bulbils cylindric hairy reddish. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 12260), Lundu, Bau (Rid- ley). - . A plant with the habit of G. cernua, but resembling ~ Gl. awrantiaca, Miq. in the form of the flower. The only yellow globba I have seen from Borneo. Jour. Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 231 Gl. (§ ceratanthera). tricolor, n. sp. Stem about 2 feet tall spotted red. Leaves lanenee late cuspidate acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous 6 inches long 2 inches wide base slightly pubescent, sheath ribbed glabrous except the edge pubescent, ligule rather large retuse lobes rounded. Panicle large, branch- es distant projecting little over an inch long with a few flowers at the ends. Bracts at base of branches lanceo- late cuspidate finch long. Floral bracts ovate. Calyx rather short campanulate with two ovate cuspidate lobes longer than the third white. Corolla tube rather short little over £ inch long violet. Petals elliptic upper one boat shaped violet, staminodes linear yellow. Lip narrow linear rather long apex bifid with linear obtuse yellow lobes, the rest white tinged violet. Filament long slender, anther oblong with a linear acuminate curve horn at the base on each side. 4 Sarawak, Kuching (Ridley 12360), Matang 11806. GI. polyphylla, Schum. Gunong Praraeng (Korthals). Gl. pumila, n. sp. A small prostrate plant, the stems lying on the ground 6 to 9 inches long. Leaves lanceolate acuminate or lower ones ovate 1-2 inches long 4 inch wide above glabrous except on the nerves, the mid rib hairy, the others less so, back with the nerves elevated and hairy, petiole 4 inch long, sheath hairy especially the ligule. Panicle short 14-2 inches long, lower bracts lanceolate, upper ones obovate glabrous. Branches ¢ inch or less glabrous. Calyx tubular funnel-shaped with 3 long equal ‘teeth 4 inch long. Corolla tube long and slender ¢ inch long, petals ovate obtuse boat-shaped. Lip short bilobed with oblong truncate lobes, all white. Anther with 2 processes, from the base of anther triangular at base linear candate longer than the anther capsule elliptic 4 ~ inch long, minutely red pustular. R. A. Soe., No. 46, 1906. 232 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. Sarawak at Puak (Ridley 12357). This curious small species lays its stems quite flat on the ground. The flowers are white, and the leaves are remarkable for the close set venis being thickly hairy giving the back of the leafa curious ribbed appearance. -_ Gl. brachyanthera, Schum. A small plant usually about a foot tall with lanceolate ~ acuminate leaves, usually glabrous, 3 inches long 1 inch wide, sheath hairy. Panicle short usually 3 inches long with a few branches about $ inch long. Bracts ovate persistent pure white rather large. Calyx tubular even- — tually turbinate white glabrous with three equal lanceo- late teeth. Petals ovate boat-shaped white or tinted yellow at the tip. Staminodes linear white or pale yellow. Lip narrow linear oblong very shortly bifid, white with a bright yellow tip. Filament moderately long anther yellow with two lanceolate acuminate horns rising from close to the base. Sarawak. Common, Kuching, (Ridley eee Bidi (Ridley 11805). var. angustisfolia. Leaves .9 inches long 1 inch wide candate, much narrower in proportion to their length than in the type. Matang, 800 feet elevation. ; I do not see that the anther is remarkably short as Schumann gives it. Glabba versicolor, Smith. : Borneo, Timbang- Penang near Kudat (Fraser fide Schumann) not seen. Iti is an Indian species. Camptandra angustifolia, Ridl. Sarawak on Matang, (Ridley, Haviland etce.). Kempferia gracillima, Schumann. Sarawak near Selebut on rocks (Haviland 448). Jour, Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 2338 K. decus-silve, Hallier. Liang Gagang; and between Mandai and Kymas (Hallier). K. ornata, N. E. Brown. Introduced into cultivation 1884. K. atrovirens, N. E. Brown. Introduced into cultivation 1886. Haplochorema palyphyllum, Schum. Sarawak by Lemdu (? Lundu) (Beceari 2324). H. oligospermum, Schum. Sarawak. Marupi, Batang Lupar (Beccari). - A, gracilipes, ‘chum. Sarawak. Gunong Wah (Becceari). H. petiolatum, Schum. Sarawak, Singhi mountain (Haviland). A, uniflorum, Schum. Sarawak Gunong Tiang lLadschin, Batang Lupar (Beccari) abundant on Matang, a charming plant with deep velvety green leaves barred paler, flowers white except a deep red spot edged with yellow on the lip. (Ridley). HA. extensum, Schum. Sarawak Gunong Tiang Eee, Batang Lupar (Beccari). ! : Gastrochilus Halliert, Ridl. G. anomalum, Schum. Kempferta anomala, Hallier. Liang Gagang, Mandai, Kapuas (Hallier) Sarawak GL. Ridley), : R, A. Soc, No. 46, 1906. 234 ©. SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. G. parvus, Ridl. Sarawak. Bidi (Ridley). G. reticosa, Rid). Sarawak, Bidi (Ridley). Gastrochilus pulchella, n. sp. Stems several short covered with red sheaths, 2 inches tall. Leaves 3, ovate to lanceolate acute base rounded 3% inches long 13-2 inches wide bright shining green with about 8 pairs of nerves conspicuous above, petiole 1-14 inch long. Spike shorter acute several flowered bracts lanceolate acuminate cuspidate red. Flowers opening singly. Corolla tube just pro- jecting about 1 inch long, lobes linear oblong obtuse white. Staminodes rounded oblong yellowish shorter than the stamen. Lip $ inch long entire, sides elevat- ed, saccate, white, a central bar A shaped and the tip ~ broad and rounded cherry crimson. Filament short, anther oblong not crested pubescent. Sarawak Bidi, Jambusan Caves. In wet woods. Flowering September to January. This resembles G. pulcherruoma, Wall. of Burma, but differs in its smaller size, short stem, leaves and spike, -the lip is beautifully colored with its crimson red tip behind which is a white spot surrounded by the arms of a A of which the stem runs to the lip base. CURCUMA. C. aromatica, L. | “ Entimut or Entimu,’’ much used by Dyak women as soap, and in medicine for shingles. Kuching, (R. Shelford). - Z ingiber parphyrosphaera, Schum. Sarawak Rejang, (Haviland). Jour Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 235 Z. stenostachys, Schum. Gunong Balacan, and Sakumbang, (Korthals). Z. coloratum, N. E. Br. N. W. Borneo, (Burbidge), 4. borneense, Schum. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland), 8. Borneo, Gunong Sakumbang, (Korthals). Costus speciosus, L. | Common in Sarawak. var. B. angustifolia, Schum. Sarawak, (Beccari). C. globosus, Bl. C. Ridleyt, Schum. Schumann makes a new species of this being doubt- ful as to what the C. globosus of Blume was as he had only seen scraps of foliage and the description is in- complete. I saw however a drawing in Buitenzorg by Hasselt the collector of Blume’s plant which seems undoubtedly this plant. Valeton (Ic. Bogor C. L. XIII has figured and described the same plant as C. globosus. Bl. Sarawak, Puak, Bau, (Ridley). Common all over the Malay peninsula and also in Sumatra. C. microcephalus, Schum. Lumpei Island, (Korthals). AMOMUM. § Geanthi, no appendage to. the stamen. A. nasutum, Schum. This is distinguished by the lip being prolonged into a beak. Kuching, (Beccari). A. bicorniculatum, Schum. Gunong, Sakumbang, (Korthals). A. dictyocoleum, Schum. Sarawak, Kuching, (Beccari). R.A. Soc,, No. 46, 1906, 236 -SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. A. macroglossa, Schum. Sarawak, Matang, eae Euamomum, Anther crested. . laxisquamosum, Schum. Sarawak, Kuching, (Beccari). — S A if A. oliganthum, Schum. Sarawak, Matang, (Beccari). A . stenosiphon, Schum. Sarawak, Maropin, Batang TLupar, (Beccari). A, fimbrio- bractea, Schum. Sarawak, Tubao River near Bin- tulu, Gacccany A. gracilipes, Schum. Borneo, (noloc.), Korthals. A. flavidulum, n. sp. Stems not very stout. Leaves lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base into a short petiole, margins and | tip ciliate, otherwise glabrous, 12 inches long 2? inch wide, petiole ¢ inch long, ligule papery glabrous an inch long truncate, sheath ribbed reticulate. Spike dense many-flowered cylindric 3 inches long on a peduncle 8 inches tall, sheaths papery smooth glabrous, rachis woolly ; bracts smooth ovate acute, brittle when dry # inch long or less. Bracteoles similar smaller. Ovary pubescent silky. Calyx very shart ¢ inch long glabrous, -eampanulate shortly 3 lobed, lobes truncate. Petals linear oblong reddish yellow nearly $ inch long blunt tube very short. Lip entire obovate. Anther with two side arms, no terminal crest. Capsule pubescent. Sarawak, Matang oe 11802). A. sylvestre, n. sp. Rhizome woody. Leaf stems 2-3" feet tall = ineh through leaves narrow lanceolate or oblanceolate acute — narrowed acuminate to base. 12 inches by 1% inch- wide glabrous above and beneath except the midrib on both sides faintly pubescent, ligule short broad . truncate entire hairy, sheaths ribbed and with hairy ~ transverse reticulations. Spike obconic on a peduncle Jour, Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. | 237 covered with sheaths, 3 inches long. Bracts ovate papery pubescent pale brown when dry acute 4 inch ' long. Ovary silky. Calyx campanulate ¢ inch long, pubescent with short broad rounded lobes. Corolla tube funnel-shaped, as long as calyx tube, lobes oblong obtuse white pubescent.- Lip very fleshy oblong apex fimbriate, white with a yellow central bar. Staminodes long slender setiform. Anther oblong with 2 small linear side auricles, no terminal crest, pubescent, style hairy. Capsule globose pubescent, terminated by the short thick calyx tube. Sarawak. Common in the woods at Kuching. One plant I found had 2 complete anthers. A. cerasinun, nN. sp. Stems very tall about 10 feet pruinose. Leaves oblong lanceolate with a very broad base, and a long (inch) cusp 15 inches long 4 inches wide glabrous except the edges and covered with yellowish hairs, peticle 1 inch long channeled back rounded, ligule oblong % inch long glabrous, sheath ribbed glabrous spikes 3 inches long, rachis silky. Bracts white lanceolate acute 1 inch long. Bracteoles lanceolate. Epicalyx tubular % inch long, with 3 equal ovate lobes calyx 1 inch long lobes linear white as long as the corolla tube. Corolla cherry red, petals an inch long, upper one hooded, lower ones with a white central bar oblong obtuse. Lip large side lobes broad rounded as long as the petals white dentate spotted with red on the edge, midlobe bifid short oblong narrow dentate, with 3 red bands, and 2 broad red bands on the inside of the side lobes. Stamen creamy white, the anther with a broad semilunar entire crest, no distinct central lobe. Fruit ees an inch through green. Sarawak, on the lower ens of Matang, (Ridley 12421), R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1966. 238 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. A. Hewrtiw, n. sp. Stem large. Leaves lanceolate cuspidate acuminate narrowed at the base petiolate 16 inches long 3 inches wide glabrous, close veined midrib on both surfaces closely ribbed and light colored, petiole 4 inch glabrous black ligule ¢ inch long entire dark brown glabrous apex rounded oblong. Scape 1 foot tall slender, with a few long narrow sheaths, ribbed linear rounded and margined at the tip, spike 2 inches long obconic rachis silky pubescent. Bracts lanceolate acute ribbed 13 inch long corolla yellow anther rather large oblong with a rounded short crest. Fruit elliptic pear shaped 1% inch long % inch through covered with oblong processes armed with short horizontal thorus. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley), Santubong (Hewitt). The flowers spoilt ; near A. graczlopes. HORNSTEDTIA. This genus is well represented in Borneo. A. sarawacensis, Schum. Sarawak, Matang (Beccari). . This species is insufficiently described to be identi- fiable. : H. pheochoana, Schum. Sarawak, Kuching (Beccari) is also insufficiently de- scribed. H. velutina, Rid. B. N. Borneo, Bongaya (Ridley). H. affinis, Ridl. Sarawak, Kuching (Haviland, Ridley). Jour. Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 239 H. willosa, Val. : Stems tall and stout. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate acute or subobtuse narrowed at the base 12-16 inches long 4-5 inches across glabrous above softly pubescent, beneath petiole 1 inch long pubescent, ligule oblong bilobed coriaceous $ inch long, lobes truncate, sheaths ribbed and reticulate. Spikes nearly sessile oblong obeonic 4 inches long over 1 inch through. Bracts ovate 1 inch long or less, obtuse finely ribbed and lower ones reticulate pubescent, margins strongly cili- ate hairy. Calyx 14 inch long tubular apex bifid 2 seti- form processes from the sides. Corolla tube 3 inches long red passing abruptly into the lobes, lobes oblong obtuse, red lip stiff oblong with a rounded point ¢ inch long little longer than the petals shghtly pubescent within, flame colored. Anther shorter pubescent with a large semiorbicular crest. Capsule subglobose glabrous. Sarawak, Matang, (Ridley 11811) also at Bau. The flowers of this plant resemble a duck’s beak. The short broad petals and stiff coriaceous lip are very a Striking: H. brachychilus, -n. sp. : Leaves elliptic cuspidate base rounded, 12 inches long, 3 inches wide glabrous except the upper edge and tip, edged with ciliate hairs, petiole distinct # inch long, ligule oblong truncate entire ¢ inch long, sheath - : strongly ribbed scabrid pubescent. Spike 3 inches long, cylindric. Bracts thin oblong ribbed, more or less hairy, flowers scarlet. Bracteole # inch long lanceolate mu- cronulate pubescent. Calyx 2 inches long covering the corolla tube with 3 equal lanceolate mucronulate points pubescent. Corolla lobes elliptic oblong rounded broad $ inch long pubescent at the tips. Lip very short not longer than the corolla lobes, broad obovate with very large rounded side lobes, pubescent within, the central line strongly elevated. Anther oblong glabrous on the back hairy in front, no crest. R. A. Soc., No- 46, 1906. - 240 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. Sarawak Kuching; Bau (Ridley). - This has a curious lip for a Hornstedtva more like that of an Amomum. -H. spathulata, n. sp. Stems tall. Leaf oblong lanceolate cuspidate nar- rowed to the base, no petiole 2 feet long, 6 inches wide glabrous above finely velvety pubescent beneath, ligule — oblong hispid sheath sparingly pubescent. Spike ob- conic, on a short 4 inch yellow hairy peduncle, 3 inches long. Bracts few lanceolate acute pubescent tips woolly, $ inch long, purple within ribbed thinly coriaceous. Flowers 3% inches long. Bracteoles linear woolly. Calyx 14 inch long tip bifid pubescent apex woolly. Corolla tube enlarged upwards 3 inches long red, lobes linear obtuse red. Lip an inch long sides elevated long rounded, limb spathulate with a narrow claw and elliptic ovate limb ¢ inch across, whole lip red centre darker edge white at base. Anther with a short tri- angular acute crest. = Sarawak Matang (Ridley) Perak (Ridley). H., reticulata, Schum. HA. Havilandz, Schumann. A large plant with the habit of H. scyphiphora, but with a much branched rhizome elevated above the ground on stout roots. Leaf stems about 12 or more feet tall. Leaves lanceolate acuminate 2 feet long 4 inches wide glabrous except the edge and tip which are pubescent, base, petioled very shortly or winged to the — sheath, ligule oblong yellow hairy. Spikes on longer or shorter peduncles, sometimes as much as 6 inches in ~ length, obconie or nearly cylindric. Bracts broad deep red ovate 2 inches long by 1% or less pubescent with numerous fine ribs overlaid by larger ribs and trans- verse reticulations. Bracteole linear acute 3 inches long white. Calyx spathaceous shorter, white with 3 points. Corolla tube 3 inches long red, lobes narrow © Jour. Straits Branch. SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 24] linear 1 inch long red. Lip yellow with a red central mark between the two rounded lobes limb little longer than the petals linear spathulate, dilated a little before the tip. Stamen pinkish shorter than the lip, anther oblong crest oblong ovate rounded. Sarawak, very common Matang (Ridley 1182) also Bau, and Bidi. Pengkulu ampat (Haviland). _ “ Bungah Jungkal’’ The inner part of the leafy stem sweet and eaten. The Penkulu ampat specimen of Dr. Haviland on -— . which the species H. Haviland: is based, is not distinguishable from the common plant. It is said to differ in its more slender flowering spike, smaller flowers and unappendaged connective. The specimens in the Botanic Gardens herbarium however are as large as any other and the connective of the anther is plainly visible. H. Hewvrttit, n. sp. ‘A small plant; stem only 2 or 3 feet tall. Leaves oblanceolate to lanceolate cuspidate narrowed gradually to the base 9 inches long by 3 inches wide above glab- rous nerves not close, beneath pubescent. Ligule short— rounded entire hairy sheath strongly ribbed pubescent, with oceasionally reticulations in the upper part. Spike short lower bracts papyraceous ovate ribbed sub- acute pubescent, on the edges. Bracteole tubular trifid % inch long, thin. Calyx linch long pubescent. Corolla tube 2 inches long lobes ovate red. Lip an inch long red with central yellow bar, wings long narrow elevated, claw narrow dilated slightly into a narrow bifid limb. Anther short oblong deeply retuse with no crest. Sarawak Santubong, (Hewitt). Siul ( Ridley). | Near H. metriocheilus, of the Malay Peninsula. R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1996. adie 242 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. PHOEOMERIA. Ph. yramedosphera, Schum. Pontianak, near Sungei Kanta ; (pdsciek Sarawak, Tubao in Bintulu (Beccari) also occurs in Celebes. . PLAGIOSTACHYS. P. strobilsfera, Ridl. Sarawak Puak (Ridley). British North Borneo, Bon- gaya River (Ridley) Sandakan (Creagh). A fruiting specimen collected at Perak seems to me identical with the Sandakan pee Pi: anes: M1. Sp: A large stout plant sen % inch through. Leaves — large lanceolate cuspidate 12-18 inches long 5 inches wide glabrous above softly pubescent beneath, base narrowed shortly ¢ inch petioled pubescent, faa short rounded ribbed obtuse bifid edge pubescent hairy sheath glabrous except the keel—hairy strongly ribbed. Spike simple or three flowered conic then lengthening to 6 or 7 inches long stout densely woolly hairy. Bracts lanceolate rather narrow hairy. Flowers red. Capsule globose % ¢ inch through hairy terminated by the cylin- dric remains of the calyx. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 11800). Bau (Ridley). ELETTARIOPSIS. E. surculosum, (Schum. sub Cyphostigma). Sarawak Matang, (Beccari, Ridley), not rare on banks. E. stoloniferum, (Schum. sub Cyphostigma). Sarawak at Kuching (Beceari), Jour. Straits Branch SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 243 BURBIDGEA. B. witida, Hook. fil. Bot. Mag. 1879 t. 69083. _N. W. Borneo, Murat between the Lawas and Trusan rivers (Burbidge). a = ALPINIA. A. § Hellenca exostylis, Schum. Borneo no locality given (Korthals).- A. Fraseriana, Oliver. A. rosella, Ridl. Brit. North Borneo; Kudat Ridley; Brunei Bay (Bp. Hose) also in Billiton (Schumann). A. sumatrana, Miq. Borneo no loc. (Korthals). A. COrnu-cervt, Ni. Sp. Leaves lanceolate acuminate 15 inches long 13 inch wide glabrous petiole § inch long, ligule short truncate. Panicle on an 8 inch peduncle, 12 inches long with numerous short branches about 4 inch long glabrous. Bracts fugacious. Ovary glabrous. Calyx tube cylindric as long as the corolla tube with short ovate lobes. Petals short oblong blunt ¢ inch long. Dorsal one hooded lip shorter split to base, lobes narrow subbifid truncate, one point shorter than the other. Stami- nodes short thick, cylindric cbtuse. Filament short thick, anther as long, connective linear rounded. Sarawak no locality (J. Hewitt). A. reticosa, n. sp. Stem about 4 feet tall. Leaves lanceolate acuminate 18 inches long 2 inches wide hardly petioled glabrous, midrib ribbed, ligule very-large oblong rounded # inch long ribbed, sheath closely reticulated with rounded reticulations, all glabrous. Panicle shorter than the R, A. Soc. No, 46, 1906, 244 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. é leaf 4 inches long glabrous. Flowers small greenish corolla tube terete slender ¢ inch long, upper sepal under + inch narrowly boat-shaped hooded with a terminal process lateral lobes oblong broader. Lip ¢ inch long entire obovate rounded staminodes at base 2 short cylindric proeesses stamen shorter than the lip, filament cylindric stout anther oblong with two horn- like excurved tips, and a thin entire short rounded crest. Capsule globose smooth 4 inch through green, no re- — mains of calyx. Sarawak, Bau (Ridley). A. cylundrostachys, Schum. Matang (Ridley) Santubong (Hewitt). “ Lip yellow along the centre limited by a red streak on either side rest of flower pale with a pink tinge.” I should hardly agree with Schumann in de this plant as an Alpzma. A. brachypoda, Schum. Sarawak, Matang (Beccari). A. § Bintulua, polycarpa, Schum. - Sarawak, Tubao Bintulu (Beccari). A. § Cenolophon glabra, Ridl. This was described from a dried specimen of Havvi- land’s collected on Santubong, I met with it at Bidi again and drew up a description from the living plant which may be of interest. The plant is but 4 or 5 feet tall. The leaves deep green plicate. The panicle — curved about 5 inches long bearing about 20 flowers, on white pedicels the ovary glabrous. Calyx tube nearly - straight white with 3 ovate lobes petals linear oblong, — the upper one hooded white. Lip much longer flat depressed in the centre and tip decurved obovate edges wrinkled crenulate base dark cherry red passing into Jour. Straits Branch A, SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. 245 orange at the tip, base channelled with 2 short ovate acute processes. Filaments slender red as long as the upper petal, anther oblong rather short red with a rounded toothed crest. Stigma white. Sarawak, Santubong (Haviland). Bidi (Ridley 11810) (Bau 11807) Matang 11888. : (Catimbium), Korthalst, Schum. - Pontianak, Sungei Unpanang (Beccari) Banjermasin — (Korthals, Motley). - angustifolia, Schum. Sarawak, Matang (Beccari). . laxiflora, Gagnepain. Borneo, no specific locality (Chaper). . flexistamen, Schum. Sarawak, Matang (Beccari). . borneensis, Bull. Soe. Bot. Mieiacd 1904. 448. Borneo cultivated at Buitenzorg. . Haviland1, Schum. _ B.N. Borneo, Kinabalu (Haviland). . ptychanthera, Schum. Sarawak, Gading near Lundu (Beccari). ‘ . Menwenhwzt, Val. Ic. Bog. excii. Borneo central (Nieuw- enhuiz). . asstmmlis, Ridl. A. Poe ne. Val. Ic. Bog. clxxxix. Borneo. Cultivated in Buitenzorg fide Schumann not seen. mutica, Roxb. Borneo (fide Valeton). R. A. Soe.,iNo. 46, 1906- 246 SCITAMINEAE OF BORNEO. MARANTACEA. Phrynium parviflorum, Roxb. Sarawak, Lundu (Ridley 12420) Jambusan and Bau. Ph. fisstfolia, n. sp. Leaves ovate with a broad base, acuminate obtuse, eventually split up into lobes and resembling in form a Raphidophora leaf, 16 inches long 9 inches wide, above glabrous beneath the ribs fine hairy, stem and petiole hairy, sheath short 1 inch long hairy. Capitulum sessile 23 inches through. - Outer bracts ovate-lanceolate densely hairy, inner ones narrower covered with long hairs. Flowers white. Sarawak, Pengkulu Ampat (Haviland) Puak (Ridley) 12358. The curious regular way in which these leaves break up so as to look like those of one of the aroids is very striking. MUSACEZ. Musa violascens, Ridley. 3 Sarawak common near Perak (Ridley). eB M. campestris, Becc. (Foreste di Borneo p. 622). In desert- _ ed rice fields on the river Sarawak. M. borneensis, Becc. “ Pisang Unkaok or Pisang Unkadan.” Sarawak at Marop (Beccari). M. microcarpa, Becc. © Pisang Lenki.”’ Sarawak at Marop (Beccari). M. hirta, Bece. “ Pisang Genta ”’ Sarawak at_Marop (Beccari). LOWIACE. Lowia borneensis. Orchidantha borneensis, Gard.-Chron 1886 1 5.19. Introduced from Borneo. Begonias of Borneo. By aN. RIDLEY. Borneo, at least Sarawak, appears to be Egierable rich in Begonias at least as compared with the Malay Peninsula. ‘Few seem to have been described however. The most abund« ant are the tall woodland species of the Petermannia section with very insignificant flowers. Young forms often have the leaves prettily spotted, but this soon goes off and the plate becomes tall and dull-colored. This section is a diffi- cult one owing to the variability of the species, possibly some of the abnormal forms one meets with are hybrids. The presence or absence of petals in the male flower is hardly a good character though often used in distinguishing species and groups. Ihave in some of this section seen flowers with none, or one or two on the same plant. The limestone rotks and mouths of the caves produce a number of pretty species of which B. spelunce, with its tufts of round leaves and pretty white flowers is one of the most attractive, while among foliage plants, the beautiful B. promethea, growing with only two or three large leaves flat on the rock faces of Bukit Tendong, near Busan, is perhaps the una worthy of cultiva- tion. § Petermamnua. Capsule 3 celled, wings 3 nearly equal nar- row oblong, dehiscing by 2 valyes. Stems tall. Panicles very small axillary ... one lB aailiars Panicles subterminal lax. Leaves ovate nearly entire .. \ 4. -B. propingua. Leaves ovate sinuate small .. o& B. sarawakensis, Leaves ovate toothed _.... -> 4, B, borneensis, Juur. Straits Branch R. A. Soe. No. 46, 1906 248 BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, ob- lique Leaves ovate iancodee cordate .. Panicles compact. Stipules broken up into fibres Stipules not broken up ... Panicles diffuse flowers very spe a leaves narrow on = eR 9: Stem short erect leafy. Leaves rhomboid broad hairy ... Leaves rhomboid narrow glabrous... Leaves narrow lanceolate toothed glab- rous. S Bractibegonie. Bracts large. Flowers large : Bracts small flowers small stems tufted erect Stems prostrate or creeping Stems short rhizomatous. Leaves tufted orbicular cordate - glabrous... Leaves ovate oblique bee Leaves few large hairy orbicular cordate ... Rhizome long leayes aiatant orbi- cula sae a Rhizome long ae ie long petioled reniform peltate leaves. ie TO: fas 12. 13. 14. 10. Ie: AW; 18. 19. 20. oh B. B. B B B B. B B oblongifolia. } Pryeriana. inostegia. . congesta. . polygonotdes. _ . pubescens. . Hulletta. . elatostemma. ; Burbidget. . rubida. . pendula. . spelunce. . Havilandi.. Promethea. . Pyrrha. . calcarea. | Jour, Straits Branch BEGONIAS OF BORNEO, 249 § Platycentrum. Capsule with one large oblong wing and two smaller ones ‘erect stemmed epiphyte oe = ... 21. B. adenostegia. B. axtllaris, n. sp. Stems slender 2 feet and more tall very succulent. Leaves remote lanceolate acuminate base rounded slightly toothed quite glabrous 3 inches long by one wide, petiole + inch. Stipules lanceolate cuspedate eaducous. Panicles axillary under an inch long, one to each leaf axil. Peduncle very short branches flexu- ous, dichotomous. Bracts very small ovate, male flowers = inch across. Sepals oblong rounded petals none. _ Anthers almost sessile oblong obtuse, about 12 crowded on a torns dehiscing the wholelength. Female flowers not seen. Capsule an inch long ¥ an inch across the wings oblong, top truncate broad wings nearly + inch at the tip narrowed to the base. Pedicel ¢ inch long. Lingga Island 200 to 300 feet attitude 17-7-93 (Hul- lett 5707). Allied to B. oblongzfolta but very distinct in its small axillary panicles with very short peduncles and a few small dichotomous branches. B. propinqua, n. sp. Stem succulent 2 or 3 feet tall. Leaves ovate acu- minate base cordate unequal 8-9 inches long 4 inches | wide glabrous margins slightly sinuate, nerves promin- ent beneath, petiole 3 inches long, stipules lanceolate oblong ¢ inch long. Cymes lax branches slender spread- ing. Flowers small white or green. Bracts small rounded male flower $ inch across, sepals 2 oblong obtuse. Petals narrower lmer 2 stamens oblong navr- rowed to the base. Female flowers not seen. Fruit oblong % an inch long and as wide apex trun- cate, wings equal narrow oblong dehiscing by two ae on each face. : R. A, Soe., No, 46, 1906, ZOO ‘“BEGONTAS OF BORNEO. Sarawak common os woods. Matang, (Hullett, Havie land, Ridley 11771) Kuching (Haviland). B. propinqua, var. Leaves ovate long acuminate dotted all over beneath with minute hairs when young. Panicle long slender as much as 9 inches or less diffuse. Flowers. male as in isoptera. Capsule oblong fone than broad 1 inch long. Sarawak, Sapudang (Haviland 5a) This may be a distinct species but I should lke to see more than the only specimen I have. B. sarawakensis, n. sp. Stem a foot or more tall slender branched dle Leaves distant ovate acuminate base very unequal mar- gins undulate quite glabrous pale beneath nerves dis- tinct (young leaves at first dotted with small hairs) 3 inches long 14 inch wide, petiole slender i inch long. Stipules lanceolate aeute caducous small § inch long. Panicles lax se flowered, scurfy 1-2 hice long male flowers minute $ inch across, on slender pedicels ¢ inch long bracts very small ovate. Sepals 2 oblong ovate — petals 3 narrower, pale. Stamens about 12 filaments _ very short, anthers dehiscing the whotie length, oblong longer than the filaments. Female flower 2 or 3 to- gether larger ovary scurfy sepals suborbicular 4. Petals narrow linear oblong 2, styles. Fruit oblong quadrate wings 3 equal straight narrow $ inch wide whole fruit 4 inch long # inch wide across the two wings. Sarawak ; Path to Tabuan (Haviland 784, 76). Certainly near B. zsoptera but with much smaller flowers and leaves. _ B. borneensis. A. De C. Prod. XV, p. 3820, Stapf., Trans- Linn. Soc. IV. 166. A tall herb glabrous. Leaves obliquely ovate base unequally cordate, or subcordate toothed with a distinct Jour, Straits Branch BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. 251 tooth at the end of each nerve and nervule, palmately 6-7 nerved dark green above pale beneath mem- branaceous 9 inches long 6 inches wide, petiole 25-3 inches. Stipules oblong setaceo-acuminate caducous. Male flowers in a large panicle for the section 5 inches long branches slender with long racemes. Bracts ob- long $ inch long pink caducous. Sepals white ovate or oblong. Petals 0. Anthers subsessile on an elongate torus oblong. Female flowers few. Capsule obovate three winged on a %-l inch pedicel narrowed at the base truncate at the top 1 inch across at the top and as long wings sub-equal rounded ¢ inch wide angled at the top edge narrowing to the base. Borneo (sine loc) Barber. Kinabalu (Haviland 1707). Labuan (Motley). This the first Bornean species described does not . seem to be at all common. I have only seen Hayvyi- land's specimen. It differs from the common B. oblongi- folia in its large ovate strongly toothed leaves and much bigger panicle. Bs oblongifolia, Stapf. Trans. Linn. Soc. IV. p. 165. A succulent herb about 2 feet tall, stem covered when young with short hairs. Leaf oblong or oblanceo- late acute or acuminate, base inequilateral slightly subcuneate or obtuse, margins faintly undulate with very small teeth at the ends of the nerves, glabrous except the red scurfy nerves beneath, above dark green beneath pale, 5 inches long 2 across, nerves straight - about 8, petiole inch long hairy. Stipules oblong -cuspidate green = inch long. Panicle terminal 3-4 _inches with few short branches, the longest about 4 inch. Male flowers crowded on short § inch hairy pedicels. “Bracts shorter ovate. Sepals rather firm textured oblong green ¢ inch long blunt. Petals 0. Anthers oblong nearly sessile at the base of the torus, upper ones elliptic with a longer filament, -opening by RK: A, Sve,, No, 46, 1906, — 252 BEGONIAS OF BORNKO. a slit in the upper pait, not splitting all the way down, s Female flowers not seen. Fruit an inch long oblong eed at the base, 2 re eae across the two wings. Wings equal truncate at the top, broad and straight (4 inch wide) to near the base. a Sarawak, Matang (Hullett, Ridley). Bau (Ridley oi : 11774) Puak, Jambusan Lundu (R) peneane le. k, m.t. Haviland. This is the commonest species in cae aaa is abundant in the woods. It is somewhat vari- ~ able in the form of the foliage which in the Kinabalu plant is quite oblong. Another form has leaves similar to those of the Kinabalu form but in some specimens the young parts are covered with stiff yellowish hairs. The flowers have occasionally one petal. “This plant was collected by Dr. Haviland at Tabea at 1000 feet on conglomerate. Tt is proba a. mere form of this ~ species. Another form collected at Niah = Haviland and ; Hose no 3225, is a slender plant with oblong acuminate leaves more a the shape_of those of the Kinabalu plant but altogether smaller. B. Pryeriana, n. sp. Stem slender glabrous. Leaves distant, lanceolate acuminate cordate very inaequilateral basal lobe broad round, margin sinuate quite glabrous, nerves slender about 6, 5 inches long 2 inches wide, petiole 1 inch . slender stipules opine + inch long subacute. Cymes small slender about 2 inches long. Female flowers solitary 2 on long pedicels in front at the base. Bracts (of male flowers) obovate convolate glandular denticulate. Male flowers 4 inch long sepals 2 orbicu- lar. Petals 2 narrow linear obtuse. Anthers very numerous obovate cordate, filaments nearly. as long. ak © Female flowers not seen. Jour, Straits Branch =. pe at > \ 5 1 . Hh ses AR BES Cara eee, | hese het 5 eae tik: pie st es ay BEGONIAS OF BORNEO, 253 Capsule # inch long wings broad ¢ inch broad at the top and narrowed and rounded at the base nearly equal, dehiscence on two lines on each face. Sandakan Byte Estate ( Ridley). The foliage is narrower than that of B. Borneensis, the bracts are very different, and the fruit differs in its broad upper edge of the wings form any an angle with the vertical edge which narrows to a rounded base. Named after Mr. Pryer of Byte Estate, with whom I found it. B. inostegia, Stapf. Ic. Pl. 2309. Trans. Linn. Soc. IV p. = 166. This plant only known from Kinabalu resembles B. congesta, Ridl. but has more ovate leaves, and a some what longer panicle. It is peculiar in the way its stipules are broken up into long fibres at the tip. It was collected in Kinabalu at 6000 feet elevation _ by Haviland (1708). B. congesta, n. sp. Stems tall hairy. Leaves distant oblong ovate inaequi- lateral acute edge undulate with a few minute distant teeth, nerves prominent much forked about 6-9 inches long 4 inches’ wide, petiole 3 inches long, glabrous except the petiole and nerves’ scabrid hairy. Stipules $ inch long oblong. Flowers crowded into a head, 2 females and many males. Capitulum very shortly pedicelled, pedicel stout about + inch long. Bracts broad thick outer ones suborbicular, inner ones narrower rough. Male flowers pedicelled, pedicel + inch long. Sepals 2 thick oblong shorter than the sta- mens. Petals O. Stamens 12, filament short thick anther oblong blunt slightly narrowed to the base, dehiscing by two linear short pores: Female flower not seen. Capsule oblong quadrate almost sessile, wings narrow linear, one smaller than the others. One inch long = inch across the two wings. I, A, Soc., No. 46, 1906. 254 BEGONIAS OF BORNEO.: Sarawak Bau (Ridley). Flowers white; Niah Lime- stone (Haviland and Hose 3224). ie8 polygonoides, TSS D ay Stem erect branched rather slender 2 feet tall, glab- rous. Leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate 4-5 inches long $ inch wide slightly scaly on the midrib otherwise glabrous, base narrowed slightly almost equilateral nerves. 5 prominent beneath, petiole 4-4 inch long. Stipules ovate amplexicaul + inch long. Cyme terminal spreading with divaricate slender branch- es lower two or three bearing single female flowers, upper ones males. Bracts minute ovate, male flowers very small $ inch rose pink sepals 2 orbicular oblong. Petals lmeeolite acute smaller. Stamens 10 anthers club-shaped narrowed at the base. Fruit with the wings almost orbicular + inch long, dehiscing by oblong valves on the face, wings rounded equal. Sarawak, Matang (Ridley 11770, Haviland 1906.) B. pubescens, n. sp. B. harsuta, (Bracemss).. Stem 2 to 4 inches long erect or decumbent enfy. Leaves close together alternate oblanceolate oblong base cuneate or rounded apex subacute margins dentate 5 inches long 14 inch wide margins, nerves on the back hairy with stiff slender pale hairs. Upper surface— sprinkled with hairs, petiole ¢ inch long hairy. Stem also red hairy. Inflorescence axillary short with 2 bracts lanceolate acute or acuminate keeled hairy ¢ inch long. Male flowers in pairs on slender pedicels several together. Sepals white orbicular % inch long. Petals 0. Stamens 12 filaments free nearly to base longer ~ than the oblong oblanceolate, anthers which possess a ridge over the top. Female flowers not seen. Capsule ovate long beaked 4$-inch long and wider across the broad veined wings. Capsule punctate and Jour. Straits Branch . BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. 255 hairy dehiscing along the wing edge. Wings hairy on the edge. Sarawak, Matang abundant (Hullett 346) Haviland 76 Ridley, on banks at 1800 feet alt. Closely allied to B. Hullettz but differs in its hairi- ness, shorter broader leaves and beaked hairy capsule. dee Chay lietie, A, Spx. Stems erect or decumbent 3 to 6 inehes tall glabrous, leafy. Leaves alternate sesssile lanceolate faleate or oblique base cuneate, apex long acuminate, margin tooth- ed at the apex, nerves alternate 3 pairs nervules reticulated, margins and nerves armed with bristles. Flowers axillary.in strongly nerved lanceolate acuminate — bracts, white, upper flowers male lower ones female male flowers 4 inch across pedicels nearly % inch long. Sepals 2 oblong obtuse. Petals 0. Stamens 13 or 14 filaments slender, free nearly to the base. - Anthers ellip- tic short dehiscing by slits in the side. Female flowers sepals 2 or 3 petals. Styles three free for half their length, stigmas bifid with long arms: Capsule 4 inch across the wings, wings long oblong rounded. Sarawak, Matang at 800-1000 feet (Hullett, — TO) sas B. elatostemma, n. sp. Stem slender glabrous. Leaves narrow lanceolate long acuminate base acute, margins with a few distant teeth rather large about 12 on each side 4-5 inches long + to ? inch wide glabrous petiole slender 4 inch long stipules oblong cuspidate ¢ inch long. Panicle — small 1-23 inch long. Bracts obovate oblong 4 inch long male flowers crowded ¢ inch across pedicel as long as the sepals. Sepals oblong 2. Petals 0. Stamens 8-10. Anthers ovoid opening by short slits at the top, filaments as short as anthers. Female flowers in pairs. R.A. Soe, No 46, 1906 256 BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. Capsule $ inch long, cylindric swollen shortly beaked, > Wings 3 re narrow = inch across, sides straight narrow to apex and base, slightly; ¢ inch across the two wings. Sarawak Rejang (Haviland 2946). B. Bractei (Begoniae) Burbidget. Stapf. lc. 165. A tall branched plant 6 to 8 feet tall with ovate acuminate oblique leaves, glabrous, a short terminal panicle of farge white flowers 14 inch across; with large persistent greenish white bracts. Capsule semiorbicular an inch across the truncate top, the wings broadest at the upper angles rounded Kinabalu at 7600 feet (Haviland 1706) and at Kiau (Barbidge). The biggest flowered Begonia I have seen from Borneo. A plant collected at Tambusan by Haviland at 5000 feet on Kinabalu is rather more slender with smaller bracts but apparently the same, as Dr. Haviland a B. Sabade n. Sp. Stems tufted succulent about 3 feet tall slender 2 glabrous. Leaves distant ovate inaequilateral acute, base cordate glabrous succulent 8 inches long, 1$ inch | wide, margins almost entire, nerves radiating from the base about 5, petiole 2 inches long. Bracts of long obtuse = inch long caducous. Inflorescence panicled loose terminal radies flexuous branches slender. Brae- teoles obovate convolute $ inch long rounded truncate edges glandular dentate wane Male flowers § inch across. Sepals semiovate dark red, petals 2 narrower and shorter linear oblong. Stamens crowded yellow aciniform. Female flowers solitary on the lower branches ovary semiovate with 3 equal rounded wings _ inch long red sepals 2 ovate blunt rounded. Petals 3, 2 nearly as large as the sepals oblong, one linear sub- — acute. Styles connate for more than half their length - Jour. Straits Branch BEGONITAS OF BORNEO. 257 arms 3, stigmas reniform with rather strong processes. Fruit $ inch long, 1 inch wide across the broad tri- angular rounded wings. Sarawak on the Limestone rocks at Jambusan caves, (Ridley 12393) Braang (Haviland 94). = The flowers and fruit are considerably larger in- Haviland’s specimens than in mine, but I think they are the same species. B. pendula, n. sp. —— Stems slender a foot or more long creeping and root- ing at the nodes. At each node a pair of oblong lanceo- late cuspidate, scale leaves § inch long. Leaves fleshy lanceolate, base rounded apex acuté 2-24 inch long 1-13 inch across, glabrous, margins irregularly toothed or nearly entire, petiole slender 14 inch long: Panicles slender lax. Flowers few very small pink males termi- nalin cymes, female solitary at the base. Bracts minute lanceolate pedicels slender 4 inch long, male flowers % inch long. Sepals:2 obovate obtuse. Petals 0. Stamens numerous filaments free longer than the elliptic anthers. Female sepals 3 red oblong. Petals2 smaller. Styles 3 connate at base, stigmas reniform hairy. Capsule ellip- tic with the broad rounded wings transversely elliptic inch wide # inch long one wing smaller than the ~ others. Sarawak on Limestone rocks at Jambusan, Baw (Ridley 11772). A slender creeping plant hanging down over the rock faces, with fleshy leaves the nerves of which are invis- ible and red stems, at least in the long trailing stems of the Jambusan plant. In the stouter Bau plant the nerves are more conspicuous the leaves inaequilateral and ovate acuminate. This appears to be the lowest part of the plant, the Jambusan one being creeping sprays. : R.A. Soc, No. 46, 1906. #18 258 BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. > i B. spelunce, n. sp. Stems very short. Leaves tufted orbicular cordate, 14 inches across glabrous strongly reticulate petioles slender 2-3 inches long. Cymes on slender peduncles 2inches long flowers small white those on terminal branches male the lower are female. Bracts very small lanceolate acuminate. Male flower $ inch across sepals” 2 obovate petals 2 linear narrow. Stamens free near by to the base about 20, anthers oblong, pale dehiscing the whole length, filaments as long. Female flower sepals and petals as in male, stigmas 3, styles separate for part of their length. Capsule fusiform with 3 _joree broad rounded wings % inch across the wings and +inch long dehiscing by two slits on each face. Sarawak, Limestone caves, Bidi; Jambusan (Ridley 11773). Mt. Braang (eile 873). Tabea on con- glomerate at 1000 feet (Haviland.) This pretty little white flowered begonia reminding one of a violet grows abundantly in the mouths of the zaves in the limestone districts. B. Havilandi, n. sp. A small herb with a short creeping rhizome and. erect branches 2 inches tall leaves ovate broad acute, base very unequal, broad lobe rounded 4 inches long 23 inch wide, margins toothed each tooth bearing a hair, nerves reticulate, bearing om nerves and nervules rather stiff pale hairs, petiole to 1$ inch long hairy when young. The leaves apparently purple marbled when young. Stipules persistent ovate cuspidate keeled + inch long. Panicle terminal 3 inches little branched. Bracts persistent ovate white, toothed, each tooth bearing a glandular hair. Male flowers + inch across pedicel about as long. Sepals oblong 2 petals smaller 9. Stamens about 12 oblong nearly sessile. Female flowers not seen segments.6."’ Capsule orbicular with broad rounded wings, $ inch across the Jour, Straits Branch 2 ~ BEGONLAS OF BORNEO. 259 two wings. Wings semilunar narrowed to the tip broader at base. Ovary 3 celled placentas bifid. Sarawak, Pengkulu Ampat (Haviland 279). Begonia pronethea, u. sp. R. Stem very short prostrate one inch long. Leaves 2, rarely 3 ovate rounded at the tip unequal at the base petiole aninch long thick hairy red, lamina glabrous ~ except a few hairs on the edge and veins on the back, shining light or emerald green with broad brown bars, finally entirely olive green, nerves depressed on the upper surface, lower surface red with elevated nerves, 6 inches long 4 inches wide. Scape rather slender 9 inches long peduncle glabrous red. Bracts oblong $ inch long or more in pairs light green. Panicle of few usually two branches, terminal branch bearing one or two female flowers opens first the lower branch bears male flowers and after the female flowers are almost over grows till. it is much longer than the female branch, and the male flowers then open. _ The male flowers in three or more terminal sepals 2 semiorbicular + inch long, red shining outside, pale pinkish white within. Stamens connate, torus cylindric rather thick, anthers very numerous in a round head, yellow oblanceolate 2 celled with a short stalk. Female flowers one or two only, ovary equally 3 winged with rounded wings, $ inch long, as broad as long.~ Sepals 4, 2 ovate obtuse white with red backs 2 narrower all white. Petals linear white narrow (not always present) styles 3 short thick stigmas four lobed unequally all yellow, 2 curved hornshaped, 2 reniform. Borneo, Sarawak on sandstone rocks at Bukit Ten- dong near Busan, also Haviland 485,188. This very pret- ty begonia grows quite flat on the vertical surfaces of the high rocks. I could reach but few plants of it,-but two T brought to Singapore grew very readily and flowered in December and January. .Soe., No. 46, 1906 260 BEGONIAS OF BORNEO.” TS: Pyrrha, n. sp. Stem creeping slender woolly. Leaves distant orbi- cular, base cordate 2 inches across, margins hairy with rather pale long hairs upper surface sprinkled with hairs under surface glabrous except the veins covered with wooly appressed hairs, petiole $ inch long wooly, Panicle lax few branched and few flowered 3incheslong 3 hairy. Bracts in pairs convolute oblong denticulate $ = inch long, green. Male flowers nearly sessile, ¢ inch across. Sepals 2 obf$ng obtuse pink. Petals 2 obovate oblong shorter white. Stamens 13-14 filaments free tothe base as long as the linear oblong anthers. Female — flower pink, sepals and petals oblong obtuse subequal. Styles separate about halfway, stigmas 3 capsule oblong elliptic with three broad subtriangular obtuse wings $ inch across the wings, ¥ inch long. . an Be Sarawak, Saribas, Haviland 2034, 1848. 3 The flowers both male and female are very shortly om pedicelled, the toothed bracts being longer than the ~— pedicel. B. repens, Miq., from Java and Borneo might possibly beintended for this. but the flowers are not as described and it is impossible to be certain what was — intended. 3 ee B. calcarea, n. sp. . Rhizome long creeping, over: 4 inches covered with appressed hairs roots long and wiry. lLeaveserectfrom —_ the rhizome with stout hairy petioles 6 inches long e. densely brown hairy, blade peltale almost reniform — rounded 6 inches wide, 4 long base rounded margins” sinuate with distant teeth, nerves palmate spreading about 8; blade pale green (when dry).aboye glaucous beneath, fleshy, sprinkled with short stiff hairs above, backs glabrous except the main nerves dark brown hairy. Inflorescence on a very short peduncle rising directly from the rhizome covered with scale like leaves. Male 2 flowers not seen. Capsule oboyoid in outline with 3 — : ; ~~ Jour, Straits Branch — BEGONIAS OF BORNEO. ee | “equal wings, = inch long narrow at the base widened towards the apex, perlanth apparently 6 lobed. Sarawak, top of Mount Braang old jungle limestone (Haviland). I have only seen one specimen of this curious begonia with a single capsule and no flowers. It is hardly sufficient to deseribe. B. Piacoa), adenostegia, Stapf., Trans. Linn Soe. TV. 164. An erect epiphytic plant under a foot tall glabrous with leaves entire acute shortly petioled a short little branched panicle with small persistent ob- long bracts male flowers $ inch across, sepals 2 petals 2white. Female flowers 5 lobed capsule with one large oblong wing and two smaller ones. Kinabalu, at Kinitaki 4500 feet, (Haviland 1270). R. A. Soc., No. 46, 1906 Short Notes. Curious Nesting Place of Simotes Octolineatus. In September last an old Spathodea nilotica tree which had been sickly for some time was cut down in the Botanic Gardens. In breaking it up one bough was found to be full of old borings of some longicorn beetle, and ensconced in one of these tunnels was found a living female snake (Szmotes octolineatus) about a foot long which had already laid about a dozen oblong eggs an inch long in the tunnel. The bough was more than twenty feet from the ground, and the tree was isolated and with a bare trunk so that the snake must have climbed up the slightly roughened bark of the trunk. -There were several openings into the - bough whence the beetles had escaped and through one of these the little snake must have entered the burrow. AN. Reedley: Fertilization of Barringtonia. In Journal No. 41.*p. 124 a description of the fertiliza- tion of Barringtonia racemosa was given. The moth described as conveying the pollen to the stigma and so fertilizing the flower has been identified by Sir George Hampson as Zethes rufipennis Hampson. H. N. Ridley. Jour, Straits Branch R.A. Soc., No. 46, 1906. Sanvehl No. 45 p. 89 if! Q' ‘and Nymphat fam. Nymphaline, fam. Lemontide. : Line 9. Amaen leg. Amoen. = 25, Nias leg. Nicev. Page| 90, eas ® * = 3 i ” z soy 95, z ’9 A + RD 101, 79 = » 102, .) fe POIRG ” 108, 3 100, = 3 110, sie bilo ap 4 les Ps ae 5), eed a8 ” 127, ”” ” 129, oe) Loe. oe . Journal 45, on -p.'56 the notes are , 2, discoval leg. Tee te Be 18, sclenophora leg. “cleophore 7, milst leg. mihi. “14, cognitia leg. cynitia, 5, Here leg. there. — 34, blade leg. black. 26, place leg. phase. ae 23, on leg. all. a = 13, Rhinopoepa leg. ‘Rhinoy ; 3, sericins leg. sericeus. ¥ 1, zemera leg. zemara. 25, Kina leg. “Kinabalu. | = — ~ - ei Fascicugi — eae, - 23, <4 Afnougs~ spies D6, Sexe interwoye | a 33, ze pene > \ ‘ * ; e t : Hi x lao: ae Fae 5 oe Nest : a ct « ~ 3 snl Oss “ iy ; “ & a : ot nas a ~ Z 2 ; » | iv Me - ‘ sien “4 - > JOURNAL No. 1 to No. 47, igs - Price to mem Eris to non-1 ” ee) eo ee NY g Essays RELATING TO y NDO- CHINA, 4 Vols., in ‘THE HrkayaT ABDULLAH, pee oe _ THE Watr- Sno LOTTERY, by G.T. Hare, Esq., , sci ~RaJAH BUDIMAN. A Malay Folk Tale, by H. Cliftora oh we | ¥ Ae ps if ‘ai i . — 8 01309 9684