Smithsonian Institution Libraries Purchased from the AUGUSTUS and DEANNE MILLER Acquisitions Fund for the American Experience A CORPS ‘or » DISCO) vER a ae : it es as or" bi a COMMAN D OF CAPT. LEWIS “AND carr. CLARKE, OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, Kees a ud PROM Le is “ke, : f ‘ / \ ey rey K Fi ey & ane Mourn OF THE RIVER. MISSOURT THROUGH rae : hae INTERIOR PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA YO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, & ma | me 2 DURING THE YEARS 1804, 1803 & 1906. pee Re CONTAINING a i ist ae ; ) vil | ee An re Oey polation of the most interesting coun: ieee ae _during the expedition, —A_ description of the MOUNT a ce: ~. And an accountof its inhabitants, soil, climate, curiosities Pee and vegetable and ane productions. m7 % 4 , ay 4 2 i ae “BY PATRICK C185. OMS EMPLOYED IN TRE EXPERITION, — x ae WITH: ilps ae Ls ‘GEOGRAPHICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTES. ean 3 | BY THE PUBLISHER. : af [coPyY-RIGHT SECURED ACCORDING TO LAW] oo) PITTSBU ry PRINTED BY ZA DC THER A ha ae FOR ‘DAVID M’KEEHAN, PUBLISHES aes Me a PROPRIBTORsvrernn 1 807. if ne . ae Tiepenanees | ‘of t ‘ A D. ea vee A ca a janes of € the wovdete! and ‘Travels of a Beaks. ef Discovery, under the command of Capt. Lewis and Capt. : Clarke of the ey, of t re United States, from the mouth America to t thes Pacific Fi oe during the vem 1804, 1805 ‘ ade and 1806. Containing an authentic relation of the mostimy teresting transections during the expedition, —A description of the country,—. an account of its inhabitants, soil, cli- : ~ frate, curiosities, and vegetable and animal produetions. — ey. Patrick Gass, one of the persons employed in'the Expe- | au on, _ With em ‘anid. ee | Hay ~ war % : £: soot eS, a ’ c Act ary a Congress of the : Jn Conform to th ited Sti ed”? oie oe “athe am. iad “ ‘ie ae htary to ra med 66 ‘An Act for the © pment are Leamping, by securiag the Copee: : id Books, to the Authors and — ‘of sah Diples during the Times therein and extending the Benefits thereof to _ ‘ ng, engraving: and etching histo; = | a her Prints.” a ee a . CALDWELL, Clerk of the As aie “Discrig of Pennsy Le fi ee tia hee ve a — PREFACE BY THE PUBLISHER. rn, _ QF the various publications which unite amuse- ‘ment and information, few can be justly held in higher estimation than the Journals and Narratives of Travellers and Voyagers: and in our own highly’ |. , =: favoured country, the diffusion of general knowledge, the enterprizing spirit of the people, their commer- cial pursuits and habits of emigration, render such works particularly valuable and interesting; while the vigorous and unrestrained mind of the free A- merican, by amplifying and embellishing the scenes _« presented to its view, enjoys the choicest luxuries ~igherss ei the entertainment they-are calculated to afford. If it is conceded that: discoveries made in North America are more important to the people of the — United States than those made elsewhere, it will not -be difficult to shew that none could have been made of so much importance to them in any part of the world as in the large tracts of country through which | branches flow, commonly called: unknown resions, were the only. parts remaining i hes ch could sie considered valuable. | “ . the late expedition, under the,command of Captains; ; Lewis and Captain Clarke, passed. For if wetakea view. of the different discoveries and settlements pres ‘viously made, we will find that those-tracts through © _. which-the Missouri and Columbia riversy and their | ; counts,: beng Sele | See America, drew, as : tion to that quarter and Rie rage ca this grand aa _ those parts ; the means held out for. gratifying ame «bition ; and the prospects of a lucrative commerce, — Ne with many other objects and considerations tended. ie pee however; was not. confined to the southern | extremity ; but extending itself to the climates con- A a - ee its researches the planting” of colonies, impore a tant discoveries were made along the Atlantic coast. “passage to the East Indies lec 3 of the shores of: tHe Pacifie. To these dis- CaN oy nany, though not their establishments aided others in their: enterprizes. ber 1770 to the 30th of June 1772, proceeded from | titude 58d. 47 1-2m. north, and longitude 94d. 1-2m. west of. Greenwich, or 19d. apeet. of Phila; oan to me ‘mouth - of the eiaieen river, ee ie discovery excited for other. enterprizes of the same | TOUS nature ; the avidity, with which. avarice was stimu- ~ a lated to seize thé precious metals, known to exist in - Jargely to extend them; while the diminution of the © ss Northemn’ Continent to a narrow isthmus, _ and ‘its. large gulphs, bays and rivers, furnished and facilita-— ted the means of exploring it. The spirit of enters © Pof. North 2 heir atten : SS iis genial with those which ‘it had left, and connecting | " coveries, and those occasionally made ‘during the set-. “ bes tlement of the country within the limits of the Uni- ° + ted States, and in_ ‘Canada, the Hudson’s Bay com- : famed for enterprize added some- “thing to the stock of general information, and by Th the mean time the project of discovering a north- | 3 ‘west the boldest naval — i : commanders of Europe through the inland seas, ‘bays — and straights of the north; and at length produced) Mr. Hearne under the direction of this company, in~ : expedition which lasted from the 7th of Decem- Prince of Wales’ Fort, on the Churchhill itt ae ae Ne Ay =) 44d. west of a to be in latitude about : ae 412d. west from Greenwi 3 | a - ladelphia. Whatever the confined vie a 7S aay con- il -- tracted policy of the Hudson’s Bay i tui tra may, — however, have seonitted in = arse - Se oi the a Philadelphia. : : < ~ sometime since - ‘aiid shies the name of. HE: North «West Gompany, have amply supplied. Prior to. the | year 1789 they had extended their wey ere . ie : a - establishments along the numerous mace and ri ae situated north of that high tract. of” country V eae _ divides. the. Mississippi -and ‘Missouri wate” posse ay these which run towards the north and east, to with- ye o a in a short distance of the Rocky. Mountains. In e “ ve summer of this year Mr. M’Kenzie made a - from Fort Chepewyan on the lake of the Hills’ @ - titude 58d. 40m. north, and longitude 110d. 30 i west from. ab gh Sa or 35d. 22m. ee n and a river ie which aig lake discharg bes: its v {since called. M’Kenzie’s river). to the mouth Tivery, where it falisinto the North sea, in lati nt 69d. 14m. north and longitude 135d. west. ft Greenwich,.or- 59d. 52m. west from. Philadelp _ He again in the year 1793 penetrated t blishment on the Peace river in latitude 564 “nort! ay and longitude 117d. 85m. west from with, ‘or 4id. 271m. west" from Pp hiladelphia, | ~ Pacific ecean in latitude: 52d. 24m. north - tude 128d. 2 ‘m. west from hdlamcr or 524. (S4L Fase from hone oat ee ee ic a _ andthe pr ee res sateen —s : . £ ay ae igh Continent has sere ex KET wa i R aye: . A Ds : come known. The like us "parts which remained u stored aly aeons may be considered as com n: ng at the Pacifie ocean in. | Jatitude about 38d. north, and running along the high lands and mountains between the waters which fall into the gulphs of California and Mexico and those. ~ which fall into the Missouri river, and continuing in: that direction. to the Mississippr ;. thence up that ri- _ver to the source of its hichest north western branch thence along the high tract of country which divides. the waters of the Missouri from those which fall into: _ Hudson’ S Bay and the North sea;. from whence it will continue acress the Rocky ‘Mountains to the Pacific ocean in latitude about 52d. north. To the south of this general division line, the known coun- tries will be Old and New Mexico and a part of © Louisiana; to the southeast, West and East Florida 3 > to the east, the United States; to the northeast, Ca- nada, the Labrador country , part of New South Wales: _and of other countries round Hudson’s Bay ; and to- the north, part of New South Wales, New. North. Wales, the Athabasca and other countries containing: — hte eranhoh whys of the Hudson’s Bay and North. Se St Companies, and these explored by Hearne and M’Kenzie: leaving unknown and unexplored: ere (except SO- fa iroas the surveys made by navigators: -. of the coast of the Pacific, and the imperfect ac- BS > counts of traders. who have ascended the Missouri — . have furnished information) all that large interme- diate tract, containing: in breadth about 1000 miles ;. and in length. in a direct line, about 1800 miles, and by the way of the. Missouri and Columbia rivers: - nearly twice that distance. This tract from its situa~ 10n eau fae Fees to be deiner the: sakicen vices bead “cumstance will ievebate in.a Goes manner. MEY ay othe aktentign af an a Sncneauater, peeple, render ae Or ees Pig i, ie will ac’ ae ee bryan that’ an it um. a treasure has Ae a been expended in the pt of ea that it is now considered neing to the United re: States. Here at no distant period settlements may __ be formed; and in a much shorter term than has — _ . elapsed since the first were made in America, from which hath arisen a great, powerful andindependent = ~ nation, the posterity of the present inhabitants ofthe _ a Obion: may unfurl the standard of independence on the plains of the Missouri and Columbia. ‘ _ + With respeet to the accuracy of the relations given ‘ : in the following pages, it may be necessary to inform Mr those readers. not acquainted with the fact, that Bie eg Be irc i object in sending out the expedition was to "gain some correct account of the country: andthat = _ this. might be done more effectually, and the MOT mation collected, preserved with more certainty, ge was enjoined upon the several persons® belongi ae to ae the: ‘corps, who were considered capable, to keep aoa + jouréale, and every necessary information ar ee : » sistanee given them for that purpose: these journals Me ‘were also from time to time compared, corrected and any blanks, which had been left, filled up, and una~ ~ voidable; omissions stfpplied. By thus: multiplying Pais i palatial bso ye iebioalti gga fe: Sea any msetiher’ dinaieere| ine their Tazardous, enter: < prize, were also multiplied. | " The following is an extract of a. eertificate’ leliver he by Captain Lewis to. Mr. eae dated og Louis ieee ot 1806. | Bee \ 1eSs, wirek he pees ta difficulty ; 5 he manly fing ni “ on every necessary occasion ; and the fortitude - # with which he bore the fatigues and painful suf- : a “ ferings i incident to that long voyage, intitles him “ tomy highest confidence and sincere thanks, while “ it eminently recommends him to the consideration — “ and respect of his fellow citizens.” In determining the form in which the work should "appear, the publisher had some diticulty. Two plans presented themselves. The one was to preserve the form of a daily journal (in which the original had been kept) and give a plain description of the coun- try and a simple relation of occurrences equally in- telligible to all readers; leaving to every person an _ opportunity of embellishing the scenes presented to him in his own way. The other plan was to more fully digest the subject, make the narrative more general, and assuming less of the journal form and style, describe and clothe the principal parts of it. as his fancy might suggest. However far the lat- Sc AR might have been proper had a foreign country 1 LS been the subject, and the principal object of the | eat mere amusement, many objections oc- curred to it in the present case; and rendered the . former the most eligible, especially as by it the climate and face of the country will be more satis- _ factorily described. And Mr. Gass having declared. that the beauties and deformities of its grandest _ scenes were equally beyond the power of description, mo attempts have been made either by him or the publisher to give adequate representations of them.- ae We publisher hopes that the curiosity of the a peader will be in some degree gratified; that the information furnished will not be uninteresting; and tlaat some aid will be furnished those who wish to. f Aieasire a ‘Geographical knowledge: of their ey: | 26th March, \807, - : a ESE IGL L4 ‘ow is mt 7 z é i pa , : f ; a ae ‘ TR, id re! Rta eat ea gi slo bare a gt ae aR y ‘i ; tat antag bya wns PM pe ae 9 t as . \ iS ‘ eae“ + x x : : r i ey x A 4 e \ a YF wh, Ph ose, ge . ¥ ee he nat et. : Sy ne E 5 ” BCR Re ante < . is ws @° eo ‘ FS ane Rae ae aN ae ee STS ae Me a P és eet a e : f *. ’ 3 : ch, 1 - = H&E ‘ -s } : His pene : ‘ + she ae | a on y ae . , - ia : By age u y . + Lge 4 bi is ON Monday the Vath of May 1804, we th oe Beg establishment at the mouth of the river du Bois — or. Wood river, a small river which ‘falls inte ee Mississippi, on the east side, a mile below the Mis- ea a souri, and having crossed the Mississippi proceeded Oy Gee - up the Missouri on our intended voyage of discovery, _ under the command of. Captain Clarke. ‘Capta Lewis hy ‘to join’ us in two or three day ay \ org i ee th G oH % ae Ke eae The Sohne of the: Missouri aiid Mississippi er is in latitude about 38 degrees and forty minutes north, : in longitude 92 Megtoes and an half. west of. London, or 4 “and a third west of Philadelphia. The town of St. Louis is 414 miles below the mouth of the Missouri en the west side _. of the ‘Mississippi; and Cahokia about 4 or 5 miles lower. _ down on the east side. The longitude of 4 ices is a “nearly the same with. that of the mouth ¢ Louis: at the west end of lake Superior in 46 -Tninutes north latitude ; about 2 degrees. west of in latitude .30 degrees north, and the same 2e8 east of the most western point of ide about 59 degrees, north: So that 2 oil Green to aii hurchhill, ‘at the ’ forty - shyeertien fates” in ( arke, who weretocom- . art of the regular troops OF part engaged for this parti- cular enterprize, . pedition was embarked on board a batteau and two periogues. The ‘day was showery and in the evening we:encamped on the “north bank six miles up the river. Here we had leisure to reflect on our situation, and the nature of our engagements: andy as we had all entered this _ service as volunteers, to Consider how far we stood a for the success of an expedition, which the government had projected; and which had been un- ertaken for the benefit and-at the. expence of the = Tent ¢ of course of much it interest and high, €SDECs ‘a tation. rar The best authenticated. aceouats informed: us} that ie “we were to: pass through a country. possessed by nu- merous, powerful. and warlike. nations of savages, of gigantic stature, fierce, treacherous and cruel ; tie and particularly. hostile. to white. men, And. fame Anny ae had | united with tradition’ in opposing mountains. to our course, which human enterprize and exertion would attempt in vain to pass, The determined and » resolute character,: however, of the corps, and the ~ » confidenee which pervaded all ranks dispelled every _ _ emotion of, fear, and anxiety for the present; while he a sense of duty, and of the hohour, which would at- tend” the comaptetion of the object-of tht expedition rans, ‘aavish to gratify the expectations of the. government; “and of our fellow citizens, with’ the feelings which _ hoyelty and discovery invariably inspire, seemed to ~ Insti tov us ample support} in, our 5 AAS, to at, as . g and dangers. AAT ne eit mo Qn the 15th’ We. con in in the morning ; > bi Bike we rs and enc of ie river. Ba The corps consist . 9 Captain Lewis and'€ : mand the expedition -the United States, a 4 JOURNAL. Pee 9 ee Wednesday 16th. We hada fine ‘pleasant morn- * ing ; 3 embarked early, and at 2 o’clock in the after- noon arrived at St. Charles, and fired a gun. A ~~ number of the inhabitants came to see us. This is an old French village; in the couhtry around which, a number of Americans have settled. We remained at St. Charles until the 21st, hare Captain Lewis arrived from St. Louis and joined us. At 4 o’clock in the afternoon we left this place under a salute of three cheers from the inhabitants, which ‘we returned with three more anda discharge of three guns. This evening was showery, and we again en- camped on the north side of the river. — _ | Tuesday 22nd. We continued our voyage : passed Bonum creek on the south side, and having made fifteen miles, encamped at the Cliffs on the north side of the river. Here we Were visited by some. Indians. . - _ Wednesday 23rd. At 6 o’clock in the morning we proceeded on our voyage with pleasant weather. Passed the mouth of the Osage* river on the south side, about a mile and an half below the Tavern Cove; a noted place among the l’rench traders. One mule © above this is the Tavern Creek. We encamped this evening on the south side of the river, and had our, arms and ammunition inspected. Thursday 24th. We continued our voyage, and - encamped at.night on the south side. This day our: boat turned ina ripple, and nearly upset. | Friday 25th. We proceeded three miles and passed a-creek on the south side, called Wood river 5 at ie banks of the river are. here high and the land rictes. atrived at St, Johns, a small French village situated oS sh on the north side, and encamped. a quarter of a milé* - above it. ‘This is the last settlement of white a People _-on the river.” i oe i * ‘Perlitps Little sae % eats ~ yp ‘ i Sad \ » “ » \ ee a \ } bata % | Saturday 26¢h. Tv hig set out by land with a coup we embarked and had loud _._- passed Otter creek on th aoe ai near its sae eee ol — Sunday 27th. W re are high cliff n the south side, and at five in the afternoon arrived at the: mouth of Gaskenade river. . Qn the south side one of our party killed a deer. eRe encamped for the night on am island opposite the mouth of Gaskenade river. This isa. very handsome ae ae rich soil and pleasant country : ; oe onday 28zh, Our provisions and stores were put ~ out to air and dry, and several of our men sent out to hunt. One of them killed a deer. The-mouth of the _ Gaskenade river is 157 yards wide. Tuesday 29th. Seven men were sent out to hupes 3 six of whom returned. We waited here until 5 o’clock. aa ‘P.M. for the man, who had not come in,. and then ay _ proceeded three miles, passed Deer creek on the - south side, and encamped a short distance above it en left for the hunter who had’not returned. - Wednesday 30th. After experiencing a very disa- able hight, on account of ther rain, we continued. s e an island, called. Monibran’ s tavern. At twelve we had a heavy shower of*rain, accompanied with ails passed a creek. called Rush creek, on the north le ¢ easly miles further, Mud creek | on the same the soil is good, with cotton wood, syca- cit abun ndance ne rushes. We haited the same side. -A periogue and eight men had our voyage at seven o’clock A. M. and:passed a cove. re there were high cliffs on the north side oppo- — rth tite, and encamp- 0) ee Ash creek vehesite there | ickory, and white walnut ; ; with some — 2 JOURNAL. eae from the west. Me Sodian: man and a squaw came down the river with two canoes, loaded with fur and peltry, and remained with us all night. Some of our hunters went out and killed a deer. Friday \st June, 1804, Before daylight we em-: barked and proceeded on our voyage ; pares Big Muddy creek on the north side; and on the oppo- site side saw high banks. Two and an half miles higher up, we passed Beat creek; and at 4 o'clock PP. M. arrived at the Osage river; ‘where we remain- -ed during the evening and the next day. The Osage river is 197 yards wide at its confluence with the Missouri, which, at this place, is 875 yards broad.. The. country on the south side is broken, but rich > and the land on the other of a most excellent quality. ‘The two men who went by land with the horses came to us here: they represented the land they had pass- ed through as the best they bad ever Geb and the timber good, consisting chiefly of oak, ash, hickory and black walnut. 'T hey. had killed in their way five deer. The periogue left at the mouth of Gaskenade rixer came up with the man, who had been lost. Were our hunters went out and killed three deer. The Osage nation of Indians live about two hundred | miles up this river. They are of a large size and well proportioned, and a very warlike people., Ov arms and ammunition were ali inspected Rske andl Sunday 3rd. Captain Lewis, wan one of the men went out and killed a deer.. At five inthe alternoon |, we embarked, and having proceeded six miles,” wns’ = - camped at the mouth of Marrow creek on the Sena? _ side. Monday 4th. Three buviters went out this more ing. We continued our voyage, and during the day broke our mast by steering too close to the shape st oe the Eremin we neni on the south sides Bear e Chale found in good order.., » eke ig ae act Ba : ‘ as oe <2 Ee aa ce lead mines w Met oo ‘Peers so ee Ca ier ees a Pete eae tieedaw ies We: pas: ec LQ 3 ae: side, and Little Go wo -ereek on the north: ~~ 4 also the creek. of tl ‘Bis .WemettwoFrench- © _.. men in two ce ade with peltry ; ; passed a high | a My a cliff of rocks on the south side, and encamped OHdihe ...° _ horth: side. The land gprs this place is good and a ” well timbered. ; : ; . On the 6th we passed Saline creek on the seit ' side; and on the 7th the river of the Big Devil on 5 VBR the north; and Big Goodwoman’ s creek on the same cae side, white we encamped. as Friday 8th. We embarked and proceeded i. ae “miles, when we met four canoes loaded with fur’ and © | _ peltry : and passed the Mine river onthe southside, a S “which is 150 yards. wide, The land here i is also g¢ . and well tinrbered. eee te Satur day 9th. We passed ‘the Bindvie of Aeowe and Arrow creek on the south side.} This is a bea utiful country and the land excellent. The Mis- “a sou rl pee is ay) 300 Bhd best aes the current he --yound, oe was in n great tanger ; “but we c eoth her rat Siciut much injury, — | _ Sunday 10rh. We proceeded five er ona fase: @e ek called Deer-lick creck on he north side; net tes on the ae ae He awutlie of those ts ivers are very. each other: the first 70 and the other 100 yards a . We encamped on the south side of thie river 4 # ye my 15° so eet a iries = are. ieee. aaraltole Sy or ® pastures, .withot ¢ overed youn grass” : Ree | ha ae | nation of] Tanlans.’ We r eh aN: whom these periogues b ed al s cot from thenr an old Frenchman, who abe languages. of the different nations: of Inc £4. the Missouri, ane we agreed to go with t us as an : ee cotiwal deanhh ee ~ oe os Wednesday 13th, Ww e Babeceded early o1 on our r voy= ae age; passed a small creek on the north side ina tong bend of the river, and encamped at the mouth > a ve ays: ye of Grand riveron the North side. ‘This is. ay hand- — Suid ae » Some a place as T ever saw in an uncultivated state. Thursday 147k. At five o *clock i in the morning we contigued our voyage. The river having, risen c du- a | fy the night hs difficult to ascend. At noon we. | passed some F renchmen from the Poenese or Ponis — -wiation of Indians, where they spent the last winter. - ¥n the evening we passed Snake creek on th ene rth side and encamped om the same’ 2. ee Friday 15th, We renewed our oe ge at five i the morning, and. had very rapid water. There i ‘beautiful Prairie on the south side and the and hi; - Mulberries: are in great abundance elm the river. We encamped on the north sid: . an old Indian village. “ ; to Ibak for lieben to make oars, , but could find 1 | se suitable.’ On their return we continued our vo had cloudy weather and rapid water all day at - eamped’on the north Hite.) oe Pec? aa he (This iat was: clear and we ey had ‘faued POLE ee Moen which they had killedsiag oe .. Eat (ee | Monday 18th. We remained hee all das = oe our hunters kille five deerandabear. Onthe south - _ side there is high | ind a long prairie ; on the - north the land , level and well timbered, with ash, Sugar tree, black walnut, bucky, cotton wood and some other timber. | ~ rs ‘Tuesday 19th. Wep Missed Tabo creek on n the south ae u r ae “de, and a small creek on the north ; and encamped -on the south side opposite. a Sash lake about two ee Viites distant... “ . _ Wednesday 20th. At he in ‘ke marhing we conti- nued our. voyage, passed Tiger creek, a large creek oho taat flows i in from the north, and encam ped on an is-— oe fen ‘The land gore here is gonks on beth sides ut ie | ab river. as we re On the 21st we hac rapid wa ater and: be abeut a tale had to warp up our boat by a rope... A creek cal-— ayn Du Beau or Du Bois, falls in. on. the south side a behind an island. -We encamped in the evening = ob _ the south side. | i friday 22nd. Vt rained hard freee four. Re seven an : ie moriling, when we continued our yoyage. About | 12, one of our men went out and killeda Tange. Deane ‘We encamped ata handsome prairie on south at 4 de opposite a large creck, called the Fire piece aot 4 at hich i is 60 yar iss ade: see ee a he. W vind few: So Sepone need cee river teat 9 ee unable to proceed, and we encamped on an “1s! d and inspected the arms and ammunition..— aoe Captain Clarke) ent out with one of. the men and did ag | gees this evening. 8 3 e91 hh UWE hada fine morning, € embarked a8 sles our eee ag: > at nine: Rod JOURNAL. " | . Hoot a bear. We passed a creek on the south side : PPT led Depie. At 12°we stopped to jirk our meat, = and again proceeded at two; passeda creek onthe - north side and encamped « on the south bank of the _river.* ibe | - Mondat y 25th. The morning was forey and. at se- ven o’clock we pursued our voyage. ‘The river here is.narrow with high land.on the south side: We pas- sed a creek on the south side.called ec arid ene * camped on an island. “Tuesday 26¢h,. We em barked and set out at o'clock in the morhing ; passed a creck on the south side, cailed Blue-water. This afternoon we had some difficulty in passing a sandbar, the tow-fope having broke 3 but by the exertions of these on board, the boat was brought to shore with6ut injury. We en- camped on the : south side on a point at the confluence of the Canzan, or Kanzas-river with the Missouri. It was agreed te remain here during the 27thand 28th where we pitched our tents and built bowers in front of them. Canzan or Kanzas, is 230 yards and a quarter wide, and navigable toa great distance. Our hunters kil- | fed 4 deer, and a young wolf, and caught another a- live. In the afternoon of the 29th we again pre- ceeded on ouf voyage, and encamped on the north side of the river. _ Saturday 30th. The day v was clear and we contix. nued our voyage ; found high land on both sides of. Be. the river; .and passed a large creek onthe north ~~ side, ‘ealled Platt, fifty yards wides We broke our = mast and encamped on the south side, where there ” =) were the most signs of game I eversaw. nk sid 1s?, . Kiso ewe set e at five in the. + j ink 1g Meat cut into small piecés aie dr ‘ried y the sun. ee aoe -orby a fire. The Indians cure and preserve t slr ll | this way without Salts | ig Fig gis : “an island opposite a pr fiver. ae | Monday Onde at) sin “age, and met a qua e uadth ‘side of f the rise. We caine yoy- y of drift wood which was o earried down the st bis morning we passed a ereek on the south side an encamped on the north — ates Sree an old French village and fort, but all vacant. Tuesday 3d. We proceeded again at five, and ~ continued our voyage until 12, when we stopt at an _old trading place on the s south side of the river. There we found a grey horse’; but saw no appearanee of any persons having Tasely encamped at that place. - Wedxesday 4th. We fired a swivel at sunrise ia honour of the day, and continued our voyage ; passed - aereek on the north side, called Pond creek, and at’ ene o’clock stept to dine. One of our people got — : snake bitten but not. dangerously. After dinier we renee’, our voyage, passed a creek on the north side, which we called InpEPENDENCE, encamped on rs the north side at an old Indian village situatedinahand- _ on some prairie, and saluted the « departing day with ano- on DER PURE: » Lhur. 5th. ‘We proceeded on our voyagea at fives inthe | _ morning ; and found the land high on the south side. We went through a large bend full of sand bars - where we had some difficulty in passing ; aad en- _-campe :d on the south side at high prairie land. & ; oe . 4a fine day, and made a good day’s voyage: and en ‘ by “eamped on the south side at Whipperwell creek. ~~ Lt Satur eu 7ih. Atan early hour we proceeded on: our voyage; passed a high handsome prairie on the north side, and killed a wolf anda large wood rat on © he bank. The principal difference between it and. 1e con 0 at _ its having hair on its tail. gih. We were under way this morning be~ t. ‘T he river here is heme an Friday 6th. We set out early this morning ; Shack re Monday 9th. Early t this | ‘mo araing we continu bee? woyage. »It rained hard ull o'clock. We pa Ue -pereek on: ‘the ‘south side, mana Wolf ¢ _. man that was snake bitten is become welll ‘ ae camped on the south side. OB wes Ss ‘Tuesday 10th. We set out earl: this n eis? . and had a fair day and fair win d. Fhe a be ‘some prairie on the south side ‘opposite an island ee | We encamped on the north side. ‘ae cs Wed. \\th. We also embarked early hie morning ; ; 4 ware ye - passed a creek on the north side, called Tarico, and a ~ halted at an island, opposite a creek called Moha. ey the south side of the river. ‘Seven hunters went ont _ to day and two of them brous ht in five deer. Here we found another horse on the bank ofthe river, sup- - > posed to have been left by. a hunting party las twinter. as - Two of our men, who had gone to hunt on the sou side of the river, did not. return at night. eae , - Phursday 12zh. We remained here this day, t th ae the men, who were much fatigued, might take some _ rest. The hunters, who had remained on ‘the: ie side of the river all night, came in, but hac thing. - “Two more went to hunt on the fess xaltes two deer. as “and « an eee, winginls ona nee ‘sand ae i : Saturday. 14th. At day break it began to rain Sea ueied: until, seven when it Bbalets noe wes e ; apt bs Bue ina Poe time a a gi wind at be "proceeded. We saw some: Ik, but auld not kill any | of them ; passed. a river on the north side, called _ Wash-ba-to-nan, and encamped on the south side. Sunday 15th. We got under way at six o’cloc passed a creek on the south side ; and gathered some ripe grapes. | There is high land and prairies on this side. Captain Clarke and two men went by land. At the head of an island, called Elk island, we found ‘some pummice stone among the drift wood. We passed a creek on the south side, called Na- -ma- -ha, ‘and encamped on the same. if Monday \6th. Early 1 in the morning we i ettied in on our voyage opposite a prairie; hada fine day and fair wind, and passed a long island, above which | isa place where the bank has slipped’ into the river. There are high rocky cliffs on the south side, ‘and hills and prairies on the north: on which side we en- camped. The river here is two miles wide with ra- .. ‘pid water. Two of our hunters met us here with two aeen : , Tuesday 17 th: We. rémaieed inst all ant ; and | ‘one of our hunters killed three deer. | | FN Wednesday 18th. Early this morning we prosecu- ee) fed our voyage with a fair wind and pleasant weather. _ This is the most open country I ever beheld, almost | one continued prairie. Two of our hunters went: by nd with the horses as usual. On the south side we passed high handsome banks or bluffsfof red and blue Te aie found some iron ore spate wile eee on. -cher ) island of Willows. “uel ks ae Friday 20th. We embar baa Saye eae Beh | ae yellow banks on the south side and a creek, ‘called as the Water-which-cries, or the Witene stream, op- * posite a willow island, and encamped on a prairie on ae the south side. Cognit Aan ie Saturday 2let. We set out early. ‘It rained ‘ls Se _. morning but we had a fine breeze of wind. There sare a-great many willow islands and sand-bars in this | es part of the river. At nine the wind fell, and at one ‘we came to the great river Platte, or shallow river, “ of Pe which comes in on the seuth side, and at the movi 3 an is three quarters of a mile broad. The land is flat oe OF he about the confluence. Up this river live three nations © : ‘6f Indians, the Otos, Panis and Loos, or Wolf In- a eke dians. On the south side there i is also a creek; called — Butterfly creek... - ee ~ , Sunday 22nd. ‘We left the river Plage and procéed- yea at me early on our. voyage, with fair weather. There is — ae ns high prairie land on the south. side, with some timber | ahaa! on the northern parts of the hills’ Wecame nine miles from the mouth of Platte river, and landed on a willow bank. The. hunters. Killed: five deer and Rey + he two beaver. ee mas Monday 23rd. Six men were ‘sent ou to make | oars; and two to a nations of Indians up the Pla -Tiver, to inform them of the change of governinent in this country, and that we were here ready | treat with them. We Moisted a flag, and sent t ei were all busily engaged iach : ‘oars, dressing skins, and airing our store ns and bags age, We killed two deer an two beaver. Pile i appser visit he the ney | . we proceeded with a fair wind, and pleasant weather; - went twelve miles, and encamped on a Paani : side; and high bluffs on the south. We encamped oy accompanied by one of the Oto Indians. — Sunda . Indian to bring more ef them to meet us at same ae ~ convenient landing place.. At 12 one of our hintese ee came in with a deer and some elk meat. _We re- | ee — newed our voyage at 3, passed a bank, where there : north side. 4 act out early, and the hunte By 9 we came to some timbe ot high bluff and encamped there j in order to. wait for : - Priduy ‘orth. "This Rineocaiie were e engaged in. i nding the boats and preparing to start. At 12 dsome prairie on the south side. > Repae : ae Saturday, 2874. We set out early $ 1 had a cloudy morning: passed some beautiful hills. and prairies, and a creek called Round-Knob creek, onthe north «iy on. the north side. Here two of our hunters came to. ay, 29h. ‘We embarked early, and continued ah: . our voyage. One of our Frenchmen went with the coe was a quantity of fallen timber, and = seme on the . Monday 300h. “Oorcrey | herée tied last night. We : TS met us with a deer erdand at the foot of a lg _ the: Indians. At the top of the bluff is a large hand- _ Some prairie, ‘and a large pond, or small lake about. - two miles from camp on the south side of the riv - Ewo ‘ on eaoie hh went out and killed an ani : - Dicesclay a lst. one bie one men ieee: to aaae ee oa traps he had set, and in one found a young beaver, - oo put little burt and brought it in alive, In a short © tame he went out again and killed a large buck. Two Sar ether hunters came in about 12, who had killed two deer ;. but lost the horses. One of them with two . anee persons were sent out, to. hunt them, | who re- . turned at dark without finding them ; and ‘suppgpcd they had been stolen by the Indians, Wednesday \st Aug. 1804. Three of our men eece - 4vent out to hunt the horses, but returned. ‘without them. They brought a, deer, and two of our other Saat hunters killed two more. nae ie . ac (ape hursday 2nd. Some hunters went on this morn- ing ; ; and two of them returned with the horses and an elk they had killed. The others brought i in two ae large bucks anda fawn. The Indians we expected came at dark; but our Frenchman was not with .__ them. We supposed he had been lost. This place = we named Council!-Bluff, and by observation we found ° to be in latitude 41d. 17m. north. Friday 3rd. Captain Lewis and Cae eink: held a council with the Indians, whe appeared well. _. pleased with the change of government, a and what — “Shad been done for them. Six of them were made. : - chiefs, three Otos and three Missouris. >... ieee Je renewed our voyage at 3 o’clock; went six. | m les and encamped. on the south side ; where we ad a storm of wind: and athy’ which lasted _ two. urs. ey Be ee Saturday eh “We were. early. “under a Bee yorning, and had a fair day. We passed a creek : mn the south side, which came out of ponds. of our men went out” this morning and. did 5 Ke turn: : another came to us and vid ss ¢ enc: Si on the south: side. a es mas a e : ne : we # continined our Noynce > snadsad niiaitien a a , sides, and encamped on the north side. The nea y . a t here is higas crooked and winding. To arriv a e : eee it 1 ) r 870 yards from. this. Place, the. Dae ‘ i é , e by A fa os pots bay a ‘We ‘proceeded ‘atl an early oar’ this ae morning, | after..a- stormy night of wind and Pg Ree Y pase a creek on the north side, at the back of an” ' island, called Soldiers creck ; 5 and a a on she. wee Be “south side. ies saa nel Me: ant Tuesday 7th. We set out t early this mor ‘ning, aiid ae ee -eontinued our. voyage till 12, when four of our pee ea re C dispatc hed to the. Oto nation ‘of Indians af- ee . es terthe man who had not. returned on: the Ath, with ee we to take Tue — or eit if ee could. ae" Q » splewe Ti ver eS foce the Beh sary isa Ean he on ree vo -encampe yed on the north side. T | hiceeks aaseect He a) are very nnmeroiis and troublesome. nade | | Wednesday ‘8th.’ “We. embarked early Dp : ‘small. river on. ‘the north side, called Little ~ Captain | Clarke and one of the men went out and ki “d an elk. One of the hunters killed ¢ pelican ie ona sand bar, and | % aptain: Lewis killed an . Jarge. We encamped on the north bank. In the ee “4 cunder the bill and neck of the pelican, which. Captain. : ® wis killed, we put five gallons of water. ray * 9th. Ate oe was SO thick this mor AS to a pee eres Hie river hei cut a narrow neck of land; reduced the dista a Captain Clarke Eo one of th Sand killed ; a small turkey. aN outh side, where we found t 38 bw banks on the south side a and encamped on oh aes yea) north... . | | 7 oy Saturday \\ch. A storm came on at ‘tires Gcleck 4 bie morning and continued till nine ; notwithstand- nal Ing which, we kept. under way til ten, when we came toa high bluff, where an Indian chief had been buri-. ed, and placed a flag upon a pole, which had been set - ‘up at his grave. His name was Blackbird, king of the Mis : an absolute. monarch while living, and the Indians ‘suppose can exercise the power of one though: dead. We encamped in latitude 42d. Am. 3s. 3) as ascertained by observation. ——_ Sunday 12th. We. embarked and got. ae ony before day light. The musketoes last night were worse than I ever “experienced. We went. Teund a _ bend, of eighteen miles, the neck of which was only 974 yards across; passed high bluffs of yellow clay en the south side of the river and low Jand on the north ; and encamped ona sand island. “Monday 13th. We proceeded this morning: wich a fair wind ; and at 2 landed ona sandy beach, near the Maha village, on the south. side oftheriver. Aser- ~ _geant and one man were sent to the willeesy who did ss ey not return this dae. ee sca ea : ie. Aikestay 14h. The sergeant wee ‘man eeuunh ; es from the village; bat they had found no- Indians - | voce - Some of our hunters went out bet ‘killed no- hing. Game appears. scaree here. . While at this place we provided ourselves with a new mast. ; al ~ Wednesday 15th. Captain. Clarke and ten. al ie : -party. went to the Maha creek to fish, an¢ caught S8t th fish: of Great ent kinds. a! discover red : : i ‘ F fourm : see if any. of the Mahas or Sioux Indians but cc ih gee discover egih J Aside h 1G UR : RNAL. e 616) | h. a neta of twelve’ men to Gate" and tobe of bok 8 fish, ! aie ‘of which » were large Foie bd wat fi : we a the | tach. thee party “ie i - heey A pent in Peavealt of the.man who had been’ ie absent since the 4th. returned with him, and eight Ne Indians and a Frenchman; but left our Frenchman)” behind who had gone out to hunt the ‘horses. On _ the 19th a couneil was held with these Indians, who. al ppeared to. wish to make peace. with all ny This’ day sergeant Floyd beeame very sick an mained soall night. . Ein Satan teen tae if OY ewhat. like awiolent-colick. . Monday, 204k. Sergeant ¥F doyd continued er We embarked early, and proceeded, having e * wind and fine weather, till 2 o’clock, when y ee fer dinner. } ere sergeant Floyd d died, notw possible. effort was made by the co : ete d other persons, to save his li ae to hii deed ph mii ye | the rhe ~ proc es Senda ole 2 same side and | encamped a this Stinportant prea . We set out early’ | a iis mi ; bluffs, willow creck and the Sioux ls orth sid and having come PRwand pe aR d on the south: side. j We. proceeded. eat - UDO us eon Soy Ete are blots. of. various colours. We encamped om the north side, ae _Thureday 23d. We proceeded carly this morning ‘with a fair wind, The -river here becomes more straicht than we had found it for a great distance be- low. Captain Clarke and one of the men killed a deer and a buffaloe, and some of the men were sent to dress and bring the buffaloe to the boat. We stop- » ped at a prairie on the north side, the largest and ~ hatidsomest, which Thad seen. Captain Clarke cal- _ Ted it Buffaloe prairie. ‘Fhe men having returned, we again went on; but the wind changed and we “were obliged to halt for the present. | While we were "detained here we salted two barrels of buffaloe meat. _ At five in the evening we proceeded some ‘distance a ~ and encam ped on the southside. 1d J Friday 24th, This morning was cloudy a is some oy rain. Captain Clarke went by land. We passed cedar bluffs on the north side, a part of which were ces 3; and there are -here to be found mineral substances of various kinds. There is also a quanti- ty ‘of small red berries, the Indian name for which in Shae English means rabbit berries, — They are handsome os small berries and grow:u upon bushes about 10 feet high. Cap‘ain Clarke came to us and hai killed two eld - 3 crea we ee — ‘toa eae | ip sbaiirdes 25th. Ire of our men > Hit ce ARE nine catfishe that would together weigh three hun- ‘dred pounds. ‘The large catfish are caught in the = Missouri with hook and line. Captain Lewis ané = ice seo Clarke went to see a hill en the north sideof Bb river@where the natives will Not ¢ or Redooite 5 ed f ae i Bee there, ene: they" are ‘afraid of. At -@'’clock, the gentlemen net having returned, we eh _alboe icammne: wages 4 S. E. Das: f: JOURNAL. | oP bluffs on the south side, and continued on nime miles: and encamped. ‘Two of our hunters came in who had killed a large elk. Captains Lewis and Clarke did not return this evening. | Sunday 26th. Some of the men went out te dress and bringin the elk. About 10 o’clock Captain Lew- is and Captain Clarke with the party accompanying them came to camp ; but had net been able to disco- ver any of those small people. The hill is in a hand- some prairfe ; and the party saw a great many buffa- loe near it:) About 11 we renewed our voyage ahd passed some'timber land on the south side ; and black and white bluffs on the same side, we encamped on i _ the north side opposite a creek called Pettit-Ark, or Little-bow. Monday 27th, Got ander way at sunrise, and past sed white bluffs on the south side. At 2 we stopped for dinner, and an Indian of the Mahas nation, whe lives with the Sioux came to us here, at the mouth of the’Sacque river; and while “we remained here two. more came im. . A sergeant with our old French- man and another mam went with two of the Indians to their camps, and the other went with us in the boat. We encamped on.a sand beach on the north side. from the river on the north side; a small distance — ‘above which are beautifulgroves of Cotton wood on. both sides of the river. About 12 one of the perio- © © gues run against a snag which broke a holeinit. We. — ‘ . then crossed to the south side to mend the periogue, Rk er me to wait. to recetye the Indians we expected ; and eee Jan ema little below some high bist Our ase is a a Tuesday 28th. We. set fori’ early. The day ~ - was pleasant; and a fair wind from S. E. At8 we. | halted fopbreakfast, when our young | Indian left uste, | go to his camp at a handsome prairie, gently rising oe . Tee ee ee RG he hy ieay 2 - aR) es AVE Oe ae ie a o. NRE ON ie NOE Dh One| % eS as ; iste pa Wore BES ay ed ‘ Oo. OU ‘Wednesday e9th, At 80 ‘clock ve tenes a storm? - ‘of: wind and rain’ came on from the N. west, and the - raiiy continued the greater part of the night. The morning was cloudy with some thunders. Weare generally well supplied with Catfish, the best I have ever seen. Some large ones were taken last night. = In the afternoon the. men who had gone to the In- dian camp returned -and- brought with them sixty Indians of the Sioux nation, They encamped for the evening upon the opposite shore, and some corn — and tobacco were sent over to them. The sergeant — _ who had gone to their camp informed me that their = ledges, forty in number, are about nine tiles from «> the Missouri on. the Sacque river. They aremade ~. of dressed buffaloe and elk skins, painted ped. and’. ie te, andare very handsome: He said the ‘women <«. gis anc mostly old ; but Petal. ter gen likely pon Lactive. - : bake Killed dog a of ft vs te e rl me bes res Bas af ben, whe! were ° : mul pie ns, went t bac kwards: ‘ ¥ vith Ged though ¢ and 1 roynd: our camp, singing ae | yceremony, was. over ieee ‘apauin, Lewis and Captain: ms Clarke saratle five Sof Piececeer and. gave them some ; ‘sm yall presents: At dark Captain Lewis gave thema —& er > skin to stretch over a half keg for a . was ready they “all. assembled : ide: fOr yarpose : tivo of them as on ie shee j and me of the rest had little = ' -bags of undressed skins dricd, with beads or small = __ pebbles: in. ‘them, with which they made a noise. Thesa. are their instruments of - musick.. Ten: or i «twelve acted as musicians, while twenty or thirty st Ey : a men, und iat pint a in the dance, whe ve : hig hte sea gone sit : ae* JOURNAL. “9 f Friday SIst. A clear morning. The Indians re- mained with us all day, and got our old Frenchman to stay and go with their chief to the city of Wash- ingten. Some of them had round their necks strings of the white bear’s claws, some of the claws three inches long. . ae ¥ es “ik vj * < rr ae A ; - ; ia ra * -*% ‘ “4 deer,’ — RS. » = ; Ei Bias . a ae saith let ‘Soph 1804. “We renewed ie : #oyage early ; passed high bluffs on the south side, and | _ high prairie land on the north ; on this side, the hills come close to the river; and are so near on both sides, as not to be more than two miles from: ‘each other. ys! During last ‘Bight: we had hard wind and some rain, | ro ea which ¢ continues to fall occasionally during the d rm q uth About 1 o’clock we passed a rich prairie on the side, and encamped on the north side, at the lower. end of an island. . yge land on the soutl be ‘Three of our men went on the ne oe island to. huat. When we landed for breakfast we Ae heard several guns fired on the island, and saw six. elk swimming across the river about a mile above where we had halted. ‘Tsvo of our men wept up and killed one of them; those _ on the islan killed ‘+ three. About nels. the wind blew so- hard down the river, that we could not proceed, | and we landed on the north side, where there 1 is an extensive eats ig ee our ae is an ancient t fortifi- a are, i ay cy : 7 BOK Ped A Le “ 7 m Z , +s wv Ly ‘ “ ae . peas i nies oe i if siege “+ . Vey F 7 Z Dy : i f uy } 4 4s 4 Ba i % iS sae Phy ¢ rs fu ema = wet hs : " . ‘ We GY Ra ad PRD BI i se, alta € ek ot Seer Mat nats iy a, Rat i as 3° kat on TE ens bak eae ag * Nee me ‘ clea Fd Ro oes Dy sty 4 ? Sunday 2nd.” At 1 o’clock last night we had hard . #hunder, lightning and rain, which continued about two hours. We set out early in the morning, along the north side of the isiand: there is handsome pral- | ane heite pes Negiet ‘ane ‘deed our meat. oat y) Sas is supposed serving as a a sufficient that side.* oe oe . We set out early, and had aclear dag a i , bluffs on. the north side and a sma in reek, called Plumb creek. Here the river turns at _ 2 ht angles to the left, tillit reaches the hills on thei ae 2 Hh sie ‘then winds gradually tot ne right, - - There ee Me ¢ ) this ve country ; but. contin; mec prairie on both sides of the river. A person by eg _ going o one ‘of the hills may have a view as far as ¢ Sapte Ge Sao SRE Sen ete ‘the eye can veach without any obstruction, or. inters pte vening objeet 3 and enjoy the most delightful pross , pects. During this.day’s voyage we found the BO es ae ‘on the opposite sides ‘of the river generally not, more. gee! 3 ~ thantwo miles apart, andthe river meandering through — ee —-. them in various directions. | We Ene eP ed, on oe sia ' pent epley Oe Oe | heal wesday Ath. We proceeded early on ne voyag MN . a. “passed! a creek on ie poh side about 30 bho cy wit os Sak. dim et Re, oe a? soe * ae as of The ro a of this Breastwork co! segpond 2 ex: tly. Aas moe “with the accounts given. ‘of numerous antient MortiGeationy: Gs ae -- discovered in the ‘Western. Country, which ate known. and a " represented to be generally of an oblong form, situate on streng and w a chosen ground, and contiguous: to These wore rom the examinations which have been » ave supposed to have beenerected more than 1600 years ba before the discovery of Americaby Cohumbus. yo appear. tochave” existed about the same period, ‘through ue all, or the greaterjpart of that vast tarct of Country bow led -. by the Alleghany Mountains. on the east and the : Mountains on the west, and including the most. latitudes of North America. Perhapss some have been i, vies of the Alleghany Mountains. Have numerous antie: _ © nations, more eed eh voy piebe to Jabour than an 163. of a old Sond in pone Roman Empire ofthe Now oye yee oth er eee or ¢ ee “sealed ‘Paint arbeks and. high yellow. bluffs On the same side. About a mile and an half further we -_ 4 m asséd aniother creek on the same side 50 yards wide, ee ait ed. White-paint creek ; and yellow bluffs onthe © se —agtth: side. About four miles higher up, we passed. “)meriver, on the south side, 152 yards wide, called — ‘Rapid-water river: Up this river the Poncas nation ea _ of Indians lived not long since. We. encainped -on- ee ea the south side among some cedartrees. i he Wednesday 5th. We set sail early. this morning - | with a fair wind, and had aclear day. We passed 8 long island covered. with timber, and three men ‘went to hunt on it. On the north side are yellow - blufts out of which issue several beautiful springs. ~ Opposite the head of the island, on the south side, flows in a river, called Pania river 3. and about three | ge “miles higher up,.on the north side; ¢ a creek, called. | Goat creek. On the hills above this creek we saw “some foats or: antelopes, which the French call cab- res, About 4 we encamped on an island, where we made and put ina new mast. The three men, who x went to hunt on the long island killed a deer and an < elk; and two more went out from camp and killed ; | another deer and an elk, both young. : Thursday 6th. We set out early and had a ieloudy: 5 _ Morning: passed : a handseme bottom. prairie onthe ,. ie “north side; at the upper end of which is a grove of - -e@tton wood, and a long range of dark coloured bluffs. os on the south side. About 9 o’clock it began to rain nd we had strong wind ahead. There are a great wimber of sand barey and we had much difficulty in getting along. We encamped.on the north side and ohe of our men. killed two de Sa . Friday Tth. We set sail early, ‘and: hada clear day a _passed high prairie land on both sides; but there is e . . some. cotton wood on the low points in the bottoms. _ ny ‘On the south side we found a scaffold of meat neatly ~ a ae This had been left ale one a our me who : *% > JOURNAL. | 37 3 hid gone out on the 26th of last month to hunt the _ horses, and supposing we had got a distance ahead, proceeded up the river several days journey,.. befor ey he discovered his error. Captain Lewis and€ Clarke with some of the men went to view a at wy knob of a hill in'a prait ie; and on their return killed a prairie dog, in size about that of the smallest spe- cies of domestic dogs. Having | understood that the village of those small dogs was ata short distance from our camp, Captain Lewis and Captain Clarke with all the party, except the guard, went to it; and took with them all the, kettles and other vessels for holding water ; in order to drive the animals out of their holes by pouring in water ; but though they worked at the business till hight they only caught one of them. * ‘Saturday.8th. We proceeded ees on. our voyage, » aud had a clear day and ‘fair wind from the S, E. ‘Passed the bed of a creek without’ Water. At ol went ont with one of cur men, who had killed-a buffa- joe and Jeft'his hat to keep off the vermin and beasts of prey ; but when we came to the place, we found the wolves had devoured the carcase and carried off the hat. Here we found a white wolf dead, supposed to have been killed in a contest for the bofutoe: We passed high blufis on the south side and burnt prairie on the north. We encamped on an island covered with timber; and havine anumber of buffaloe on it. Captain Lewis who had been out with some of the- men hunting informed us he had passed a trading re ihe Rm Ser house, built in 1796. This day we killed two busta . Joe, a large anda small elk, a deer and two beavers — Sunday 9th. We set out early, and passed Wo. - small creeks on the north side, ' high bluffs on the. ~ south, and at | o’clock landed for wince at a small ercek on the south side. One of our hunters brought. _ inadeer and two fawns. This day we saw several» 3 eenes or herds, of buffaloe on the sides of the bills. + ty ‘ c is: nike Ta ee er JOURNAL. A Mme. ‘of our. hunters killed one, and nes Clarke's 4 a tO Black servant killed two. We erties at sunset a onthe south side. : | _ Monday 10th. We ibe a ‘fey morning, (ee mo \ ; ved on early ; ; passed high bluffs on: the north side, and saw some timber in the bottom on the south | side. At 12 we came to black sulphur bluffs on the 7 south side. Onthe top of these bluffswefoundtheskel- eton or back bones of a fish, 45 feet long, and petri- fied: part of these bones were sent to the City of Washington. One of our sergeants ‘discovered a - _ large salt spring about a mile and an half from the river. A hunter went up the bank and. killed an elk. We left a periogue for the men who were dressing oe he elk, and proceeded up. the north side of the river. two miles, when we were obliged to return on ac- ~~ count of sand bars, and to take the south side. » Here we saw eight elk swimming the river, and had seen a te great many | L iffaloe during the day. Ww e encamped on an island and killed one buffaloe. | * Tuesday 11th. We set sail before day light with . ag fair wind ; passed an island covered with timber, a ee high hills and prairie on both sides of the river. . At 1 o’clock it began to rain. We saw some person — | e coming dow n the. river: on horseback, when we came to land and found it was the man who had preceded f -us with the horses. He had left one of the horses : Ee pede had failed. _We now had only one horse left... This man had. been absent 16. days, and his bullets. | ee 1g expended, he subsisted: 12 days almost. wholly e ROBES: The hills here come close to the river. on both sides. One of the men went by land with the horse, and we continued our voyage, until night, though it rained very hard ; and encamped on the outh side. Captain Clarke. with two or three of the — ~ men who had gone out to hunt, Billed | two. elk, & ur (leer and one porcupine. tes ket aa ig asoode: 12th. We set’ ‘out as ; usual and » + oo .. plead pS seu county round § ‘is cal hills ot pane” eo wnt tain Clarke, myselfand another went out to hunt, ae and did not return till after dark. The boat had ~ much difieulty i in passing on aceountofthe sandbars 5 and strong current, and did not make to day” Mere 1) ey. than four miles. — 2. ee ie 4 hursday 13¢h. Four Beales were taken last night. We set sail early; the morning was cloudy with © _ssome rain and wind ahead; passed a creek and a ee Hong range of bluffs on the souETE side. Some of our Pei PRED: went out to hunt ; but did not return this pees ae eat ins aes We: camped on the ‘north: SUG... oo ey pak a dey 14th. We procecded™ es yesterday, ana af Say the same kind of weather. Had cons siderable ee he difficulty in getting along, on account of the shaliow- ness of the river; all hands in the water draggi ne. - doa At 8 we halted for bre ak Nee and the men la. porcupine. 4 gee) bees’ were care Pg he musketoes are as troublesome as ie Bave been ones aa in summer. We Rea b Sati ake tee. - dermis morning. wig wed our » voyage early, and passed’a creek on south side. and black bluffs on the north. Pa siver: op. the south side 5 : one of the men ait peclée miles ‘ee the gidethe 3 ame teva: We sie A pine bo ve timber we % Lett ae Hee €D ee JOUR hills. ; The ere sade cole Cas ot the water ate. we much like those of the Missouri. | ? 3 . Sunday (ean. We set out for the boat across” the. 4 ‘ills, on the tops of which are level plains. with a .- great number of goats and buffaloe on them — Came — ag 1k to the head waters of a creek and kept down it.a 4 S. E. course, and on our way killed three te We proceeded on to its mouth, which I computed to be 14 miles from that of the White river. Ha« _ ving found the boat had passed we proceeded up | the | -Yiver, and came to a handsome bottom, where. our ee ; people had ehcamped to dry the provisions and. stores. In our absence the men had ket some deer and two. buffalog.. 9. ig 4 ( Afonday \Tih, As the weather was bie we remains A ue ih Me. here. during the day. - Captain” ‘Lewis ‘and some a men went out to hunt, - and killed thirteen commons - and two black-tailed deer; three buffaloe and a goat. s ae at ‘ i he wild | goat in this country differ from the com-. a Paes tame goat, and is supposed to be the real antes _ : é at a e black- aie dy or sega dees Dare e much A ie 7 tie is ‘aties species oak dears his country with small horns and long tails. The tail of yne Which we killed was 18 inches long. - -QOneofour ” en caught a ligagen, et: ae a pode. i aa | thai a ‘oe wath’ long fais and sath ears, sie = sesday 18th. We continued our voyage ; \. tbe. ar. clear and pleasant : : passed some timber land on he south side, and hls and prairies on. the north 5. - also an island and a great number of sand.bars. 1 ey aha abies wie ae sev a » bird "eau ee Ae iba as fel “gt Nae r b Ard i- oe: a J OURNAL. « Wed dnesday 19h. We set out na and bad a clea ee ark passed large bottoms on both sides of the river by covered with timber. Wesaw somebuffaloe swim- > ming the river and killed two of them. There i Is an Cae woe : - jsland here, opposite which a river flows inonthe =, f ~ north side. This. river ts. formed of three, which tai unite their waters just above its mouth; andimme- — + - diately, above the confluence is a crossing place, cal- ba: a Jed the Sioux-crossing- place of the three rivers. At eg bi the. upper end, a creek, called Elmcreek, comes in ~ : on the south side, and two. miles above another creek eS Wealled Wash creek, fallsinonthe sameside. About two miles further we passed another creek called = Nig ht creek where we encamped on the south niet ie a bie a Three black tailed deer wereskilled this day. - ote shake Fae Thursday 20th. We renewed our voyage at an ‘ early hour, and had a clear day and fair wind. Pas- ~ sed handsome rising prairies on the north side, and [eee * bottoms coyered with timber on the south vide. Two eos -» of the men with the horse went across the neck Mn ee the Long, or Grand bend, which we were oblige: go round with the boat, a ‘distance of 30 miles. : 1 o’clock we ‘stopped for dinner, and Captain Le and one of the men went to hunt, Captain Clar! had gone « out in the morning. At 2 we proceed again on’ our voyage, and passed a long chain bluffs on the north side, of a dark colour. From these and others of the same kind the Missouri. get its: muddy. colour. The earth of which they a mposed dissolves like sugar; every rain washes down great quantities | of it, and the rapidity of the “am, keeps it mixing and afloat in the water, until it | 1es the mouth of the Mississippi. _ . We encamp ebieaat on. a sand beach on the Borth side. “At 1 “Dielock: at pada, ‘the bank gir ed eo: to fall so- mauch, ‘that we weve Be , a i) A. AMOUHNAR, os fy ‘obliged to rouse all hands, and #0. on a mile and the river before we could again encamp. . 4 Friday 2\st. We set out early, the day was Ns . | and we proceeded on four miles along bluffson the south side, when we came to the termination of the Grand bend, about a mile from the place ef our en- ‘ _‘campment on the 19th.—We again went on, having __ _ black bluffs on the south anda handsome bottom on the north side ; and beyond these a cedar bottom om ~ the south side anid bluffs on the north ; ‘passedacreek on the south side, called Tyler’s creek and ee | on the north side. | a ‘Saturday 22nd. We embarked ealy, m a forry |, ‘morning, saw some timber on the south side and as hich plains on the north. About 3 o’clock we pas- f uae ; (eed cedar island, one of the Three-Sisters, where > ho keo: re Mr. - Lucelle had built a fort of cedar. The space a s ‘ picketed i in is about 65 er 70-feet square, with centry boxes in two ofthe angles. The pickets are 13 1-2 a Feet above’ ground. In this square he built a house 45° 1-2 by 32 1-2 feet, and divided it into four. equal parts, one for ‘goods, one to trade in, one to be used asa common hall and the other for a family house. - Here the two men came to us with the horse. They had killed a white wolfand some deer. We proceed- cet ed on, passed a creek, and islands of the three sisters 3 -and’an old Indian camp, where we found some of _ “their dog-poles, which answer for setting poles. “he reason they are called dog-poles, is because the \dians fasten their dogs to them, and make them raw Shem from one faa f to another joadert: eit 4 * Mr. Macleinte apcaktoe a the Mined, oo - gus nation of. Indians spread over a vast ‘extent of co’ extending south westerly from the coast of La ee ~ Seat St Leerare aves its ad and ae Lake h igh ee on ane aout; alse.s a oreehel on Uae! pie | Nie lights a datied Smoke creek ; passed Elk island, a hand- 5 PRRiteu Se yoni on the ‘north side covered with timber ae and barren hills on the south. Atsixin the evening —_ “we saw four Indians on the south side and encamped on the ‘north. . Three of the Indians swam over to us: they belonged to the Sioux, and informed us... % ‘that there were : more of their nation not far | distant. eee “We sent them over the river again. One of our men e _ Killed an antelope. ‘ a: ee ~ Monday 24th. We set am early with fair pestis as hee: passed a small creek on the south side. About ey o’clock the man who had gone by land with the eee _ horse came. to HS, and informed us gece ad Had A ‘a Sis Was: hers’ the Piaiiche bag atten fhe cane He had killed three elk,- and the periogues. remained. be wind - “to a Ls meat. NY &. saw five elisa net the i ie “ vane feet’ the seek: ‘on Fthe south side. “The g and ‘cooks only landed, the rest slept in. the The five Indians remained with us all night. _ * had a Frenchman aboard a periogue, who underst “and could speak a little of the Sioux language. T ‘Indians gave us to understand the chiefs would a : to-morrow, and that if their TOE 2 men had ; Baar DOF Paeats: Bay ama he “southe: Ss Bay, says, ** In the winter: when ey make their journies, which are : i, » with sledges drawn by dogs.” - | on General Hi sity Bland set , the horse, thepPrronldt have him given up. T These: . Indians are a band of the Sioux, ealne the Finton or Teeton-Band. |. : meee yo} - Tuesday 25th. We stayed here to wale t fer the Te. dians, who were expected to arrive, and:at 10 0’ "clock. they came, about 50 in number. The commanding — officers made three of them chiefs - and gave them ' some presents. Five of them came on. board and rée-) =. mained about three hours. Captain Clarke andsome of ot 1 menin a periogue went ashore with them; ° but the Indians did not seem. disposed to permit their - : return. They said they were poor and wished tokeep ™ the periogue with them. Captain Clarke insisted On coming to the boat; but they refused to let him, and | said they had séldiers as well as he had. He told a eeiens his soldiers were sood, and that he had more. ai medicine aboard his boat than would kill twenty such. _ mations in one day. After this they did not threaten ~ any more, and said they only wanted us to stop at. - thet lodge, that the women and children might see the boat. Four of them came aboard, when we pro- i ceeded oma miley“and cast anchor at the point-of an: sland in the middie of the river. Fhe, Indians. re= ee _ mained with us allnight. ; . Wednesduy 26th. We set out early, sod 1 caclled | et four miles. The bank of the river on the south : visi was covered all. the way with Indians ;. and at ; , tn ‘abou it “100 ands from the chores: Raptain Lewis, he eee abet, and’ some men went on shore, the Indians were. fe tee and kind. Ast some time /Caph Lewis as a i Oo He ss fie aoe of thane Sartied: him. ee mae 8 council house. About an hour after some of them Ree. / eame for Captain Lewis, and he landed; and eight ce ae of them pai ky him to. rhe coun house 3 in the . : ; ‘. had geri Captain Clarke. They al dogs for our peeple to feast on, and reater part of the day ineating andsmok- Nedogand the women’ meter hdleny Said. genced ‘ilk BN oh fie fs, Sele: nak oma with us sant thes acne, AbK Tesi ead, 27th. We remained here all day. Capte o : See myself and some of the men went overtothe => Indian camp. Their lodges are about eighty In num- . _ ber, and contain about ten. persons each; the greater, 4 “part women and children. The women Were, ee | ployed. in. dressing» suffaloe skins,. for clothing for — as 2 a themselves and for covering their lodges. ‘They are-— the most friendly people I ever'saw ; but will pilfer — if they have an opportunity. ‘They are also very _ dirty : the water they make use of, is carried int mec: a - paunches of the animals they kill, just as they VAR 2 oo without being cleaned. They gave us dishes — of victuals of various kinds; I had never seen any thing like some of these dishes, nor could I tell me what ingredients, or how they were andde. gi, - - About-15 days. ago they had had a battle with the — ~ Mahas, of whom they killed 75 men and took’ 25 women prisoners, whom they have now with them. — They promised to Capt. Lewis that they would aun te prisoners back and make peace. - About So clock, we went abaged: the boat ue sth | evening apines Clarke mk: some of. be: men << and the Indians made preparations for ad At dark i 4t commenced. Captain Lewis; mysel F ome of our party went up to see them perform. Their band of musick, or orchestra, was compose ie about twelve persons beating on a buffaloe hidé; shaking small bags that made a rattling i wie a seg sisile in. oS centre ¢ of ~ M6 hands, and the ‘iaila’ of the Mafias they had vied, tied onthem. Theykept moving, or jumping round the fire, rising and falling on both feet at once; keep- ing a continual noise, singing and: yelling. In this manner they continued till 1 o’clock at night, when. we returned to the boat with two of the. chiefs. On: a coming aboard, the periogue run across the bow of : the boat and broke the cable. AH hands were roused . to row the boat ashore; the chiefs called aloud, and \ q a-number of :the warriors came to our assistance, but we did not need it: the circumstance, however, * -shewed their disposition to be of service. ~ This. ‘un- 4 fortunate accident lost to us our ‘anchor. > Friday, 28th. This morning we: dragged the ess ae. all round where the boat. lay, but could not find the anchor. At 9 o'clock we made preparations to sail; some of the chiefs were on board, and concluded to. _. go some distance with us. When-we went to shove eff, ‘some of the Indians took hold of the rope and _ would not let it go. This conduct had like tobe > “attended: with bad consequences, as. Captain. Lewis’ | was Near givine orders to cut the rope and to fireon_ - them. The chiefs, however, went out and talked | | = os ripygd said ane wanton a carrot: baie to- | Eade + hoon of wind.” We mane high. iand on ne ent — & eo haan and. bottom’ on the south. hikes clean dae the beachy whens ‘Captain Lewis went in a periogue : nd brought him on board. He informed us that s - 800 more Indians had come to their camp, and de- ‘sired we should stop and ‘talk with them. We did _ not.then stop, but- pean > and he remai a lomdae one vesoee & m AL 0 uth. i e made two large stones ‘serve the pupae np an : wr “et ee ms i os ei aga Mahe hey aie ie a : ae baggage nating one. camp to anarhdrs the : ving no settled place or village, but are al- ae x about.t Fhe dogs are not large, much st and will haul mbant: 70 eae cach. . \« pears he, these people, Ga dias re ects resem. b ne Ve igi en Arabs) are an some resp fer pdetane ___ blood-thirsty race, and have been great desteaenn | rae. as se egaed nation, who inhabit the country about lake Su- oly! ¥ r. Mr. M’Kenzie states the following circumstance, th: 0 three miles of the last portage” (a place near lake _ perior) ‘is a remarkable tock, with a smooth face, but | - spli it and cracked in different parts, which hang over the jet Waker” Into one. of its horizontal chasms a great. number a et arrows have. been. shot, which is said to have been roe _ by a war party of the Nadowasis or Sieux, who had done — pi ag * much mischief. inthis. country, and left these weapons . war ‘ing to the Chebois or natives, that, notwithstanding Py sk rivers: and ag) it was not inaccessible to. their e ene ve ye ais Fog a Es: ak eats “. a . . : i » . ae a= ~ r : hs 5h «ne 5 +. =e * d e ve ; : ‘ : 4 SS 2 earn dl 7 ti te ee » sg? ig — FY. | . uk : 4 > \ Se hy } re arias Seat git” Shee ces ; ; te Sar A V cbeinl = 29th. “We set: ie veabiy aia ee 2 weather ; passed a handsome bottom covered with — timber on the north side; and bluffs on the south. ‘We saw several Indians on the south side walking up the shore; spoke to them and found they were some of those we left yesterday. “Phere wereone or two of the chiefs with them. They requested us to | give them a carrot of tobacco for the chiefs. ofthe _— ether band to smoke. We sent them two carrots to_ = a sand bar, where they could. get it 5 “but told them we should not go on shore again, untill ‘we came to - the nation of the Aricaris, commonly called Ricka- — ih VERGE, Rickrees, or Rees. The Missouri is very shal- . _ Jow at this time and-full of sand bars. We passed an old village on the south ‘side, where the Rickarees - Tived five years ago, and raised ‘corn in the bottom, | " around the village. We encamped on a sand nae = + on the south side of the viver. ss | Sunday 30th. We set out ear ly eG a «et F os pie cee ie | ing; passed black buffs on th south: side, and band- 4 some bottom prairie’on the north ; saw an Indian on © a _ the shore, and the chief we had on board -spoke to_ him. He said he wished to come on board and go. _ with us to the Rees ; but we did not take him, - The e 4 wind was fair and we made 9 miles by 10 o'clock. We saw a great number of Indians coming down to coms river on sly south side. - oid e ig, sok oe - ‘pie to thei and then went on. under a fin Pat short time before night, the. ‘waves r JOURNAL. San 4 ; ae high and the hone rocked a ereat oe euich SOW Be 44 + Jarmed our old chief, that he would not go.any fur- : ther. _We encamped on the north side. ats | Monday 1st Oct 1804. We early continued our voyage, the morning was cloudy but the wind fair ae and we sailed rapidly. At9 we passed the river De ~~ am Chien, or Dog river; a large river that comes in on ves - the south. side. Mic short distance above this river, the sand bars are so numerous, that we had greak difficulty to get alone ; and encamped on one in the middle of the river. There were. some French tra- ders on the other bank. of the river, and one of them came over and remained with us all night. cee . ZLuesday Ind. We set sail before day light. “A I’renchman came on board, who could speak English. He mentioned it as his opinion, that we should see ho raore Indians, until we should arri Bye at the nation of Rees. We passed avanee of black bluffs on the north. side and a targe bottom on vi south, where ghere was some timber on the bank of the river. ‘Abont 2 o’clock we discovered some’ Indians:on the oye hills on the north side, and one of-them came down 9" to the bank and fired a gun; the object or intention 9 = we did not well understand, but were ready to meet / an attack. We passed black bluffs. on the south >.» side, an. island covered with timber, and a handsome =. bottom on the north side.. We halted and spoketa =~ the Indian, who said he belonged to the Jonkta‘or Babarole band, and that there were 20. lodges or ‘them.. We told him we had seen two of their cle : and. given them.a fag; and medal.. We pussed’a.” ‘ug &- @teek on the south side, and en camped ona sand Bae 4 ie mae iedle of the river. ae 0 ae “he morning was clonden and |The ant ig. ane on both es at : ht ne ws fe let cane wood was pen. “At 3 we con our gee > passed a lone range or ack oplaared ble post. We encamped on the south side. ie P Pe return to the place where we halted yesterday at was so shallow | and sand bars so. numerous,» At? when. we stopped for breakfast. We informed him that we were hot traders, that we had seen his chief and told him all we had to say. and encamped on the upper part of an island. Friday 5th, This morning there was a white frost ; ee) vie day clear and pleasant. About 11 we saw some — - goats swimming the river, when one of our hunters -tanup the shore and killed four of them, and we took them into the boat and periogues as they floated down. ‘We passed a creek on the northside, called hi. ‘Hidden creek, and high black bluffs om the south side.* | a a _ Some gf our hunters if into the ; e onan Telefe bunt athe. south ‘side and. bottem, with some timber, on. the < * 5 (es Z A 7 = cy ey’ ze 3 t. .. PEE Sees ae aces +s : ae < Pe ee en ane ee ae eee ee 12 and to take the other side of the river ; the Water. o’clock an. Indian swam across the river to see us, We proceeded on,” - passed a creek on the south cae ‘called Teel creek, Thursday 4th. We set out early ; but were: blige 7 voyage early, 2 and ee ia. : esdaees bluffs i the south side sot A tom covered with timber onthe north. About bp cage a handsome bottom, wherea band of none had lett uml | Fae icie peak owing to the very / winding aah. Starboard side and Larboard side” 3 inal journal, instead of north d | deanaine remainder of the voyage up been changed to north nite etter autdeenege ao sufficien iently ee .. in SS oe e ia aut y gl: Rt ae 1S e S: mae tL pAprae Peis 1 v i vig : Ns 5, a a Sh Kane © P we , Ric hae ¥ ) iy ay ‘. J ou RNAT eer “BY Gah Catect puffatee aes: and-some garden truck. i suchas squashes. We proceeded on and passed asmall : creek on the south side; a handsome bottom on the,” north ; - and encamped on a sand beach on the north tS We Sunday 7 th. We set fecha early and had a clben” day : passed a willow bottom on, the arn side, and ‘acreek on the north... At the py innit of some tim- -. ber land we passed a ‘Small river.on the south side - called Cer-wer-cer-na, about 90 yards wide. Iti tg -¢not so sandy as the Missouri, and the water is clear, ~ witha deep channel. At the mouth of this riverisa wintering camp of the Rickarees of 60 lodges. We’ - saw two Sioux Indians on the north side, gave them) “some meat and proceeded on. We passed an island, © ‘on which Captain Clarke and one of the men went to. hunt and killed a-deer and a prarow. We encamped on the north side opposite the head of the island. . Monday 8ih. The morning was pleasant and.we set out early : passed high land on the south side and» bottom on the north. The river here is very shal- low and full of sand bars. We passed a run on the south side called slate run. Twootf our hunters went’ out to some timber Tand on the north’ side to look for game. At 12 we came to a river on the south hes 120 yards wide, calléd the Marapa, where we halted for dinner. The hunters came up, buthad killed na-* os : thing. We passed a long range of hills on the north’. side; about two miles from the Marapa Wwe passed’ & ae x ae hy ra soi @ ereek 25 yards wide; and about four miles further ‘ae _ €ame to an island, w nee one band of the Rickarees: ca live, and encamped at Ne av Ee r end. ; dined here preparing to hold 2 a Council siitia ee . Captain. Lewis with some of the men went: to their lodges, and were used, yery kindly and: ENS ae 5 ¥ T wo F renchmen live with thems one: x ‘ BS me oy aed: sway 02k. ‘This day Ty én cast “men ta the lodges, about 60 in number. TF My ae ing is a description of the form of th 1es¢ loc a apne of building: them. eee gst ae “In a circle of asize hae. to ie Cimeneouss the, hes "intended lodge, they set up 16 forked pe st8 five or six, ay eet miely, and a nol s from one fork to another, ‘ a 1ey lean other poles, slanting. © on ) Foe the ground, ai and -extenditlg about four inches o oo above’ the cross poles : : these are to receive theends. 7 * of the upper poles, that { support the roof. .. They: mext \ "setup four large fora? fifteen fe ei hig i and about 0 oat ten feet apart, in. the middle of. the area ;.: and poles: | a) or. beains. between these.. The roof poles are then oe 2 aid on extending from the lower poles across the - oe oe .) beams: which. rest on the middle forks, of such ‘aa: 4 length as to leave a hole at the top for a Chimney. OE he: whole is then covered with willow branches, ex-. > is cept the chimney and a hole below to pass through. j On the willow branches they lay grass and lastly clay. At the hole below they build a- n about: f i a it i toe aeryy wide hes paejnehng, ten feet & S Snip like every sitter eit ee the | eater ee raise ¢ es ava. A cea ia ale ; ‘answer. from the Indians. “About: 12 o’clo n and brought, some corny beans and they pres sented tous. The. chief sz 'to sce ess and d wished ole scott d JOURNAL. : is os : eniaad bicts a. good word for them to the ‘Mandan ‘ _ for they wanted tobe at peace with them. These are’ _ ¢he best looking Indians I have ever seen. At 1 ~...e’clock P. M. we proceeded on our voyage ; passed - acreek on the south side 20 yards wide and a hand- .some bottom covered with timber. eas eek made) 0 | “about four: miles, we came te the second Villare of the Rickarees, situated in a prairie on the south side. “They had the American flag hoisted which bases Lewis gave them yesterday. Their lodges are similar to those in the first village, and the same, or perhaps more,innumber. They are the most cleanly Indians I have ever seen on the voyage; as well as the most friendly and industrious. We anchored about 50 yards fromm shore, and sent a perlogue over the river for wooed. Weallslept on board except the caoks, who went on shore to prepare provisions for the text day.. Friday 12th. We hada pleasant morning, and re- ‘mained here the forenocn to hear the chief of this village speak. ‘Last night the Indians stole an axe from out cook, which of course in some degree di- _* minished our confidence, and lessened the amicable character we had conceived of them. At 9 o’clock Captain Lewis, Captain Clarke and myself went te the 2nd Village , and talked with its chief: then’ te the third Village, about half a mile beyond a small creek, and talked with the chief of that Village ; and. “ot some corn and beans from them. The third vil- ~~ lage’ is nearly of the same size of the second, and has = 1 in it a great number of handsome and smart women and children: the men are mostly out hu ating. ~ Aes | bout 12 we left the village and proceeded on our voy-. Sic ei ‘age. One of the ‘natives agreed to go with us as far | re “asthe Mandans. We encamped on the north’side.. > | Ok ee i d 5 cae Hi oe OI Bx < 2 j x peters Z : : i er ; A eS eae al After dark we heard some person hallcoing op sie t, - ee ue opposite. shore; and a periogue went over: and: : ne es ie, eae an ass ts and two squaws,; who remained so ; ahd 1 2 am ‘< > - ie 3 13 Qh see ee aS See shorty 50 yai fn a squal 0 oswith as. ©) ACoRS Gt raed some, % nd we h Ne De a court weielbaye “AY 2 continued our, des so ens and steepic on “one side and, the week SO” _ shallowon the other. We encamped on the north side. colle | Sunday 14th. We had a cloudy morning and some = rain. We proceeded early on our voyage ; passed a_ - bottom covered with timber on the south: side and. low ground covered with willows on the north ; pass- . . Soa ed acreek and black bluffs on the’south side and en- camped on the north. It rained ‘slowly nig cies "whole ofthe day. oe ee 2 Monday 15th. Be raine 1 oll last. night, and: we set — out early 1 ina cloudy morning. At7 we sawa hunt- 2 "ane party of the Rickarees, on their way. down to the — Bea villages. TD hey had 12 buffaloe-skin canoes or boats . rr deen with meat and skins ; besides” some horses that ° were going down the bank by land. They gaveusa — 4 a Boot ‘oft their meat. The party consisted of meh, wo- men andchildren. At 8 we went on aga in 5 eae a fine bottom covered with cotton vOO eno Ay and naked hilis on the south. saw another party of hunters, wh 1S : oes us some ae, oe of < e requested tor : hie a ¢ a ri 3 2 = ae tS Ae ee ae et Mase sings EO sina OP icw 4 ee a Bait of ears -rings: ee pools er 1 with us 5 and Te the horn: ane for: | a ote a i acide, 16:h. We early eeaa our youre? and ya bids clear morning, passed.a creek on the south sidé. * ’ | "Phe timber is more plenty then it has been for a considerable distance down the river. The sand bars, gave usa gre eat deal of trouble, and fhuch retarded _ pur progress. Inthe evening a short time before we " encamped, we met with .another hunting party of - the Rickarees. ‘They had a flock of goats, of ante- ~ Jopes, inthe river, and killed upwards of forty.of them. a Captain Lewis, and one of our hunters went out and killed three of the same flock. We encamped on the | south side. This aay we saw more sche an, hundred - te goats. Wednesday \7th. We renewed our voyage early, and had.a clear morning. Last night eight of the In- » dians came. over to see us; broweht: us some meat and ” yéemainedall night. Captain Lewis, gave them some “presents this AHOrving. At half past ten the wind blew so hard down the river that we were obliged to . halt. At four we proceeded on with the assistance of the tow line, though the wind still continued against us, and having made about two miles, ibe: Nase on the south side. Several hunters. went out this day and killed six. a : one of them did not join us at: night. , Dhursday 18th. We had a clear pleasant morning ~ with some frost. We set sail early, and a hunter went cons up each shore. Having proceeded two miles wé. met, 5 ae a couple of. Frenchmen i in. a canoe, who had Been. <0. up at the Mandan nation hunting, and m __ party. of that nation, who robbed them of theira aunition and some fur which they had; and t fore Bey had i return Gown the rivers but “ww He erty. We ae scaail river, on Ahe south § le ae pee alt river. Several hunters went ou es < (one ue, Sh aa ty iii oh, iy gen Sires Me thé: pee ade Gnas pat: ranting 4 yesterday I saw about three hufic red goats, and some buffaloe. Deer are not so plenty Here: as. lower i. _.» down the river, but elk, buffaloe and goats, are very 4 i “numerous. Four hunters went cut to day and in thet evening returned with 7 deer and three elk. We ene a ey camped onthe north side. cae a oo Saturday 20th: We were. early. nalldor way ae ae - morning, which was very. pleasant. Two hunters went out and at breakfast time | rought a deer to + the boat ; when four more’ went out. We. passeda * ar Creek Of ‘the 1 north side, about 20:yards-wide; bot- - tom covered with timber on both sides, andasmall = river on the south side opposite the lower poiat ofan oy -. island. At: the w pper end we: ‘passed bluffs on oi coe V gouthas side and bottom on the nort _WwW e,thisday, i . sawa number of buffaloe, and goats on the sides om: _. the‘hills. We encamped on the south side, and our. aa hunters came in. having killed 14 deer, a goatanda > © oe wolf; and one of them wounded a large white bee, * Cte oe Sunday Qiot. Wehada disagreeable night of sleet ee ca atid hail. Te snowed ‘during the forenoon, but we- i? pie proceeded early on our voyage, passed bottom on soil ‘the south side and hills on the north. We also passed . ao small river on the south side called Chischeet river ; n ‘ e aa on the south side. T'wo of the hunters, who had gone out in the morning came in, and had a buifaloe and an otter. fae > A fonday 22nd. Some snow’ fell lait night, and ¢ the ‘ning was cloudy and cold. We embarked early. and went on. At 9 we saw 11 Indians of the Siou nation coming down from the Mandans, who, not- wit standing the coldr ness. ‘oft ute Gee had n wh aba Ragin “fell last ae 8 it began to SNOW, whet it ceased. We Frenchmen had been — Indians fer SECT. The ills here om the river” ae they are for some | 3 it; - a there sabe! fine larg: se bottoms: . hs We en- 7 cs ith side te we found a great. ry bree hunters os were out SR > : >t s oe CRAP. BSS a €/ 3° 3 : w a ¥ Li ~ om * ©. Te Bee | < oN . hy bs E Soe Sit a J et phex ¥ if ‘ te cst 4 ae eee te id Wednesday 24th. ‘We e oa out eae ina ealoady “morning. At9 it began to rain and continued to rain res for an hour. -At 12 we came to a hunting party. of ‘ the Mandan nation of Indians, and remained with them untill 2 and then continued our voyage. There were three lodges of these Indians on an island, which has been cut ‘off the Grand Bend, a short distance _ . Delow the Mandan village. We encamped on the - porth side. Five of the Indians came tous, andour _ Indian went. over with. them ape: teturned in the if morning. | | as Thurs ide 25th. ‘The mori ning ao iolcasant, ‘and we set sailearly with a fair wind. Passed a sbeout ful bottom on the south side, and hills ont hen oe great many cf the natives, some on “horseback. an eae: _ ..some-on foot spbeenet on the hills on the northside, -hallooing and singing. At 2, we stopped for dinner, o.° % “and as. we could not get our beat to shore on the. . north side, the water being shallow, our Indian was -. sent over to them. In the afternoon we passed a~ t. bottom covered’ with tiiber on the north side and _ al “hills on the south, and encamped on the north side. » = Were our Indian returned accompanied by one oF the Rec wepdans. cua friday, 267h. We sct ont ae ane had a See a “ysorning 3 passeda large Willow bettom on the south a) / and. hig +h land on the north ¢ side. Fhe Mandan Tndian. ee te jolts « eay inthe morning. At 10, we came “und tine ‘party of the Mandans, consisting ‘of, ne on Gmien and children. There was an Irishmen “then , who had come from ‘im North WwW est s Q) Ee ‘of tradets. We remaing qe here an hous” o a oats YRQT th. The bmornipe was clear and plea-" 2 ms and we set out early. At half past seven we | - - arrived atthe first villare of the Mandans,and halted ~ - about two hours. This village contains 40 or 50 © . lodges built in the manner of those of the Rickarees. .» These Indians have better compléxions than most _ Other Indians, and some of the children have fair air. We passed a bluff on the south side with a sgratam of black resembling coal. There isa bottom on the > north side, where the second Mandan village is situ- ~~ ated. © We went about a mile above it, and encamped _ in the same bottom, for the purpose of holding a hia ‘council With th 1@ Natives. This place is 1610 miles from the mouth of the river du Bois, where we first. -embarked to proceed on the expedition. There are = "about the same number of lodges, and people, in this s . village as inthe first. These, people do not bury their dead, but place the body on a scaffold, wrapped ina buffaloe robe, where it lies exposed.* | Sunday 28th. The day was clear, and we remain- ed here; but could not sit in council, the, pind blew ee go violent. 2 oes ete - Monday 29th. We had again a cleat day, snd se some of the principal men came from each village of — the Mandans, from the Watasoons, Sioux, and one —— .* fromthe Grossventers ; and all sat in council ee ba a 3 ina At 11 oO \obee. when the — mney a shot at) eat an. idles eter, delivered. a pi gave mone } Poe clothes to each of the chiefs and some om Hite 60 me dopcaied coiehet: uae Lewis pave. an iron aan tothe Mandan nation to grind their corn, with which ® they were highly pleased. - i Luesday 30th... We penis here to “know the | “© answer of the Tndians. Phe day was clear and plea- sant. « AgelOs: Captain Lewis with a a party of our pec- ple, and an Indian or two, went about 6 miles up‘the | river to view an island, in order to ascertain whether : or ng would.suit for winter quarters. At 5 Py 27. they Teturned and were of Opinige: that it was net an eligible place. a Fo Wed cag SEs, A pleasant. Bee mmiage: We fea toe “mained here also to day, the Indians having givenno ©” answer. At 12, Captain'Clarke and:some of the men. jc went down to the village, and the chief Baye 9 or to oy bushels of corn, and some buffaloe robes, eae Thursday ist Nov. 1804. At3 o'clock PP, aoe we ‘ | returned down the river, to lock fora place where ue We Col wld fix our winter quarters. At dark we Oh - descended 9 miles, and came toa bottom | covered with cotton wood, whete we encamped, — | Lviday 2nd. Captain Lewis, myselfand someof | the men, went up to the first village of the Mandans, | who gave us some corn. » Captain Clarke and the rest: 4 of our party, having dropt halfa mile lower down the q river, bean to clear a place for a camp and fort, ') Wee-pitel hed our t tents.and laid the Shelictaaite: of ons ee: of huts. , 3 me Saturday 3rd. A leur day; we conthnrad: build gout ing, and six men went down the river ina peribgat a, 4 to hunt. They will perhaps have’ to go 80 or 40° wiles before they come to good. bunting ground. ae following is the manntérin which “onr but is mn? he “huts i a in two Tow: i Ls were bal, in angle. When raised about 7 feet high a floor nacheons or split plank were laid, and eovered ‘evass and clay ; which made a warm loft. The r part ‘projected: a foot over and the roofs were * Jmaking ‘the outer wall about 18 feet high. The part i pot inclosed by the huts we intend to picket... In the MS ” aa formed by the twq@rows.of huts we built two a | Foomns, for holding our provisions and stores. 4 About the 16th, the weather became very cold, and the icé began to run in the river.) We sent a French- man down to enquire about the hu unters: and perio- * ‘gue. He and one of the hunters: returned to the fort, > having left the periogue and the rest abottt 30 miles »- below. The Frenchman was sent down again’ 2 -» sropey and returned by land. On the 19th the h ‘ty : a | bagels up with the periogue loaded with the meat “of ~ about thirty deer, eleven elk and some buffaloe. In. ~ the cold weather we moved into the huts, though: “ot finished. From the 20th to the 27th we had fine ig geil ee weather, and on the evening of the latter | ba the roofs of our huts. These were made ‘puncheons split out of eotton wood and then owed. The cotton wood resembles the lombardy poplar, and is a light soft wood. The largest trees are in thickness about eighteen inches diameter. On the night of the 27th the snow fell seveninches aoe and the 28th was stormy. -- Thursday 29ih. This day was clear, but cold. W * wentto unrig the beat, and by an accident cnet * the sergeants had his shoulder dislocated. T he. 30th the weather continued the same. Early in the Shome 240, dng of this day we saw an Indian on the ‘épposite side of the riyer, and brought him ever. He informe . <4) ¥ ed, us, that, a few days ago, cieht of his mation 2°. ¥2 “were out hunting, and were att acked by a party of hee ee | ot at who killed one and wounded two mare 5 sa 61> LAS SURAD cci-id Oh ah eter os Godilg eo a eS yp ER REN a Ray ange intention of pursuing then murderers. T] to the first village of the Mandans, b AL a iors did not seem disposed to turn 7 ; gested thecoldness of the weather ; th ox} were too far gone to be overtaken ; ‘and? put offthe — _ expedition to the spring of the year. Captain Clarke and his party returned the same evening to the fort. —__ % ~ We have been daily visite by the Indians since we © Paine here. O rt is called Fort Meee and af ae ae 21. ‘32. 8. ~ west. longitude from.-4 ? place them about 500 miles n nearer re Ea is supposing the mouthof the ® ‘Colun eee. nie west of London. But=the ne: ee ~ trom the Mandan villages to the me ‘according to Captain Clarke’s estiniat miles nearer the mouth of the Miss¢ ha ue Columbia ; and by the route actually 1 ‘DS - tien to the mouth of the Columbia, they are 900 my shea the mouth of the Missouri, =~ ae By Captain Lewis’s observations these gilepes. are in lati«. “tude A7. 21. 32. 8. and according to Mr, Mackenzie, Mr. , - Thompson astronomer to the North West company, in the year 1798, determined the northern bend of the Missouri : Bo be in latitude 47. 32. north, and longitude 101. -25. west. Now this is probably near’ the longitude of the Mandan vil- _ e Tages ; for as it appears by the above statement, and by o- ther observations of Captain Lewis nearer the mouth of the ; - Missouri, that the course up the river is, fora contterable: ey distance, nearly due west, and afterwards nearly due north, the difference of longitude and latitude, between the mouth Missouri and the point where Mr. Thompson took . observations, may be added together, in estimating the tance : and this will give about 8 1-2 degrees of latitud 9 degrees of longitude making in the whole 17 1-2 de. Sy which cn: the very peter aa course ak th "JOURNAL 63 ese Saturday 1st Dercnder, 1804. The day was plea-. " )sént, and we began to cut and carry pickets to com- ve ree our fort. One of the traders from the North West Company came to the fort, and related that the Indians had been troublesome in his way through. _An Indian came down from the first Mandan villase, 4 * and told us that a great number of the Chien or Dog ‘nation had arrived near the village. ie al Sunday 2nd. The day was pleasant, and the snow melted fast. A party of the Chien Indians with some ef the Mandans came to the fort; they appeared ci- wait vil and good natured. The 3rd 4th and 5th were moderate and we carri- , fed on the work ; but the 6th was so cold and-stormy, 'we could do nothin. In. the night the river froze ever, ‘and in the morning was covered with solid i ic@ an inch and an half thick. — _ Friday 7th. A clear cold morning. At 90 clock, the Big-white head chief, of the first village of the = Mandans, came to our garrison and told us that the buffaloe were in the prairie coming into the bottom. Captain - ‘Lewis and eleven more of us went out im- mediately, and saw the prairie covered with buffaloe -and the Indians on ‘horseback killing them. They killed 30 or 40 and we killed eleven of them. T hey ‘shoot them with bows and arrows, and have their horses sotrained that they will advance very near and suddenly wheel and fly off in case the wounded buffaloe attempt an attack. : Saturday 874, In our bunt. of” yesterday, two men. had their feet frost-bitten, Captain Clarke and anos: : ios ther party went out though the cold was extreme; . <4. souri, may be suficient to techine 1610 miles of it, the dis- as tance from the mouth to the villages. In the map of North: 2 - a America included in the Atlas accompanying Pinkertou’s _ Geography, published in 1804, this part of the Missouri ap- ; ae pears pretty accurately laid down ; but in the map of Loui- _ Siana in the same set it is equally erroneous with. ¢ any other. Best a vee ae Ps Sa ; . t ou the. adlse - : tnd x a: t nine oe ad One man got his hand frozen, another his foot 5 uched. Two men e s: % ‘some more got a little ¢ _ . eutto take care of the meat. 3 oe _ Sunday 9th, Captain Lewis and twelve nore on us, - went, down, to the bottom where the two men were. taking care of the meat. We found some buffaloe _ had come into the woods, and we killed ten of them -andadeer. Having dressed them we loaded four < _ horses with meat and sent them with seme of the party to the fo: rts | Captain Lewis and the rest of us “encamped out, and . had, tolerable lodging with the _ _ assistance of the hides of the buffaloe we had killed. _ WMfonday 101k, ~~ After breakfasting on marrow a ‘bones, Captain Lewiy and four of us set outfor the —— fort. Four hunters and: another man to keep camp. a. e 2 _ remained out. On our return we pet one of ei - ‘who said that. a party had gone ¢ down wit 1 the horses a _ for more meat. This day was. very cold: anexperi- oe ment was made with proof spirits, which i in fiteen a : _) Tainutes froze into hard ice. In the evening twoof our hunters came in with the horses, but Satie cua ae ‘ eens nothing. Five encamped out.’ = 94.99% i Tuseday 11th. Captain Lewis and Cap’ tain Glatke a _ thinking the weather too cold to hunt, sent mene down to the camp to bring up the remainder of the =, Te meat, and orders for the hunters to return. eDhe. hunters came in at dark. They had killed four * - “Buffaloe, and had dressed two of them. The cold was - $0 severe they could do nothing with the other two. | Wednesday 12th, ‘We allremained at the garrison, pe vethor ae intensely cold. Wemade'three s Prabstiay 13th, The gener this day, began to aes moderate. Two hunters went out and of the: 1h a 3K i ent at and prieitis in the mide a i are. ne peritey agi This day 5 was more moder, er | Lao ee Pee my BS acts Pk is a JOURNAL... | . 65. “ ie! t snow whtii'ces fell. Captain Clarke and four- teen men. oe out to: hunt ;. and took the three sleds - with them. In the evening five of them returned. <¢ zi t Coane ola: tke and the other 9 encamped out, and Killed two deer. The snow fell about three inches — GED 6 iene Saturday V5th. A cloudy day. Some of the natives wine, - ' paid us a visit, and brought presents of meat to the’ a commanding officers. About 10 ‘clock Captain Clarke ” and his party returned, but had killed nothing more ~The buffaloe were gone from the river. Some slight showers of snow féil during the day. - Sunday 16th. A clear. cold day ; I went up with: * some of the men to the Ist and ond villawe of the -. Mandans, and we were treated with much “hindnéss:: gt Three of the traders from the N. W. Company came | ‘to our fort, and brought a letter to our commanding Whee - officers. They remained with us: all meht. “The. e acct of the visits we received from the N. W. Com-” pany, was to ascertain our motives for visiting that country, and to_ gain infermation with respect to the. change of tie, cameras ga fae x oe ‘ ~ * MNS SS i] ee The North West Pacuiaes was first Nowicki in the . 5 winter of 1783—4, by the merchants of Canada. engaged inthe fur trade, wniting their interests. The concern was. divided into sixteen shares, without any capital beinx > depo- sited; each party furnishing his’ proportion of the articles.’ a necessary for carrying on the trade, After 4 severe strugele oe and rival competition with others engagediin tle trade, in = theyear 1787 more partne’s were admitted,” the shares eOX« i ean rs tended totwenty and the estab! ishment, 1 whiéh was no More | 3 Pgs than an’ association of commercial men Pe cei amor ae themselves to carry on the fur trade, founded on a more en ‘solid basis. -. This and’ Hudson’s Ray Company, have en: crossed eth -earry on almost the whole of the fur trade in tha extensive) os ‘eountry, Situated between. Hudson’s Bay; fie Rocky 4 mountains, and that hizh tr we et beeen #0. ee Mie ne iy; Sor which seperates the te ie ee nei: F 2 Ea Neel ea) Pl “eS eae SN a Patan oa se i bi ou aes ; Ns vf Os” a : 3 Bi bah feo une in ‘the ye atrigon: mY ayaa for one of the N.. de Mee TOG? wt evening one of the dives came down ” told us. a > ~ buffaloe were again come totheriver. = 8 8 * © : meecaday aD. é Sed | cold day. Six of us went * ‘some goats. At 9 we aes and found. ‘the men from the N. W..Company had set out on. their return, or ithstanding the sevérity of the weather... 050 ©" Wednesday 19sh. This was a more ‘pleasant day o ea “s Ses oS Eg: an to set up the pickets. leap (20 and 2\st. were quite warm and pleasant, a ve advanced with our work. oi a | Saturday 22nd. The weather continued clear, plea- - hg f sant and warm. vio! i i eas of ranans and at ia ‘agun was fired asa atone | Ga dinner. At half past 2 another gun was fired, as oe aNotice to assemble at the dance, which was continu- ed in a jovial manner till 8 at night; and withoutthe | _ presence of any females, except three squaws, wives. to our interpreter, who took no other part than’ the amusement of looking on. None ie the eo a came a Gane requested oe Soul not, which Was ase Bee attended _ to. During the remainder of the month — | save lived in peace and tranquility i in the garrison, and apt ey “were ber Heled oY the hatives.. on ‘Tuesday a Jan. 1805. “Dye shot were fired ae ae the swivel, followed by a round. of small arms, 10.) a _ welcome the New year. Captain Lewis then gave oe each a glass. of good old whiskey ; anda short. time “3 ae another was given by Captain Clarkeso 0 he About 11 o’clock one of the interpreters and half Bs 6 - oft our nee went up, at the request of the natives, .* ne villag re, to begin the dance ; and were followed - | after by Captain Clarke, and three more ae ee ‘men. The day was warm and. pleasant. -Captain- ; ae ee Lewis i in the afternoon issued another glass of whis-. os key ; and at night Captain Clarke and part of the’ — men returned aon the see the rest raicemass base : eye 2 . ned. “Captai in ors "mayoolhy abe some eaters a om ctr He ~ hes "Oo 5 ek or a) ae?) O- t> 2 pa) 7 a a —S YQ Le? my er) age an “a ae ani (a) :, A Rx AEDS: oad eS i aes it St peo 2 a feng &e. be heer part of the aye in the. ‘ - ning we in general returned anda great. number © “4 the BanYess men, women pes childr ‘aes came to see. a this day I aes cree hon the instal a x 2 : 101 ecuns. the winter. In the Hay: time oe are ad i 4 ee ight are brought i into the iudieads sai the natives: “g themselves, and fed upon cotton wood branches? mad 9 1 this way are ke at In tolerable gases 258 an a eday 3rd. From this to the 13th. the wea: igrocrally very cold; bat our hunters ut. One of them killed a bee hese por ares aid a ae. Pe Ae eS ae a 2 eee > er ie RET Sale mats = oe aes Say ge: bee Whe Xo “ee Sea ats Ve FE 4 ee ie : ae tS ne t % iy r is gs ; a ~' 1 x “ / AS ee 1 is HE “ 1 “JOURNAL. - » shee ais: Three of the Cie soine toa Tee tance down the river, killed nothing for tWwod days, but i: a wolf, which they were obliged to.eat ; and said. they relished it pretty. well, but found it rather tough. _ A number of the natives being out huntingin a very | ‘cold day, one of them gave out on his return inthe. & evening ; and,was left in the plain or preirie cover ed ee a ~ with a ‘bufaloe robe. After some time he began to =) recover and removed to the woods, where he broke a : “number of branches to lie on, and to keep his body e, off the snow.’ In the morning he came to the fort,” ~ with his feet badly frozen, andthe officers undertook - his cure. + ae | Sunday 13th. A clear cold day. A number af they: eae a _Ratives went down the river to haunt with our men. ; _ Inthesevening one of our interpreters.and. anogher Frenchman who had gone with ean to the Assiniboins _ Wor fur returned. They had their faces so badly irost “bitten that’ theskin came of; atid théir euicde was so _ badly froze that they were cbliged to leave him with — the Assiniboins. This nation ives hear the Rocky © ~ Mountains, and about 90 miles from fort Mandan.* i, i , | Monday: Mth.eSome snow fell this morning, Sim | 2 al ‘more hunters went out to join those with the natives. - Guiet se In the evenitig one of the hunters that first went out Ft returned. They had killed a buffaloe, a wolf and” two porcupiicy, and one of the men had got his feeg ss a 2 be fe frozen that he was unable to come to ae a ort. . it ae “ Fis ~ . er” 73 - 3 is. Bikeandd. no part of the great chain of Rie Mountains comes as near as 90 miles to fort Mandan Be ~ itis not improbable that there may bea mountain, con “ with: “them, which runs a considerable dictange € 4s along: great dividing ridge; and on some maps § tain is laid down running east and west, south of the en #iver and lake, which would appear to bé no man a or ‘Se miles from the Dandan vilag s ze Bey 3 > ri “i we Sa Heh tee ae eo a, As F JOURNAL. oe “and thee snoy need: fasts: Hig were hehe eaithe: | lame man, and he was brought to the fort his” feet uw re not so bad as we had expected. Ae On the 17th. it beeame cold; the wind blew hard Hs from the north, and it began to ‘freeze. eS ae | Friday \8th. Clear cold weather. Two of our Heine - 4 “ters returned, and had killed four deer, four wolves 3 anda prarow. Twomen belonging tothe N.W. company, who stay at the Grossventers village,came to the fort. They say this animal which the French’ ~ .4 eal a prarow, or brarow, is a species of the badger. Saturday 197k, Two men were sent with horses | ‘s of meat, to the hunters’ famis which i is ae railes 4 down. the river. ce Sunday 20th. 1 went up with one eS the men to the a Renta They treated us friendly and gave usVictuals, | After we were done eating they. presénted a bo wifal 4 toa buffaioe head, saying “eat that.” Their'super-~ _stitious. credulity is so great, that. they. believe by — using the head well the living-buffaloe will come and = ig” that they will eet a supply of reat 4), 9 3: Monday 2st. A clear cold day. ’ Our hunters 1 re- eat arned to the fort, and brought with them phere cia | load of venison and elk meat. -. ~ = : ee i ye The weather on the aes and 23rd. was + warm, and n€ oh f our hunters ; . 4 eu vting Tm the blacksmith Siekees ‘war- “AXES, a _ which are eevlaek 1g JOURNAL. Fey xe Picks. a7 th. and 2 sth. ae weather became nt \cehne ore settled, warm and pleasant than it had be for - some time. See ‘. Tuesday 290k. ON elercemped acter aa for ee | ting our water craft disengaged from the ice: which ‘was to heat water in the boats, with hot stones; but — ee this ‘project we failed, as the stones we found would not stand the fire, but broke to pieces. Ae Wednesday 30th. I went up the river and: found | . fannther kind of stones, which broke in the same man- -» Mer :-so our batteaux and eee Peaienes: ot in fi. theices”. Be bake 31st. the eeker desire moderate, and the afteritoon nwa ; Pleasant. . . ™ ig oe, Ge = _ Friday \st. Feb. 1805. A ‘ald. day. About | ur hunters came home, but had killed nothing. One | ie - am: fthe men at the fort went out a short distance, and ae ae killed a small deer. On the next day he went ont | and killed another deer. This and the third were cold. _ Monday 4th. A fine day. Captain ae | - more went down the river to hunt. Wi on 20 miles and couldseenogame. ae os Piaciaiot 5th, oe Stee on to some «Tod e ‘oN | ath. we _ cient ina ‘ieeoni on th : “south side of the Missouri, and the next. day turned out to hunt. We killed 10 elk and 18 deer, and cate “ynained there all night. On the 9th. we built a osecure our meat from the wolves, which are very — chan here ; aus in the cy. othe ce went. further coalad mn ie absence Pee an ADDITION too our inbmhes, es On the 13th, we had rus ae hor: SES’ 8 shod wy brag homie. : our neat: re nase ‘ | oe i hursday Ath. Vour men set out: early. with the 4 horses and sleds to bring home our meat: andhad _ gone down about 25° miles when a party of Tadians . (they did not know of what nation) cate upon them » . ‘and robbed them of their horses oneof whichthey — en gavel back, and went off ff Without: deing the men“any = a ther, ingu ry. T he same Tight the men caine back | fave inf forrgation’ of what, had happebed.. at ht Captain Lewis called for twenty. volunteers oe mmediately. turned out. Havi ne rade Gutgare” South “ide in. eg of reaie called the Grand point. ae : oat hen a: ee Be LANES y tesa 1th. h. We proceeded on early h a fair wind. The day was fine and we ek | way. Passed a beautiful plain and two large on ‘the North side, and another creek on the ~~ Sout! oe saw a great many buffaloe and elk on the bar At 1 o’clock we halted for dinner, when © two. men ot out and in a few:minutes Killed 2 buf " ee e. We made 26 miles and encamped on the South — ee. sidé, and found that some rain had fallen during the Lae | day ay, where we. encamped, though there. was Name oS Pea oot es where wehadbeen. _ OE Thursday \8th, The men caught some Haver? iter; killed a wild goose. The morning was fine and we oe went on yery well until 1 o’clock, when the wind _blew so hard down the river, we were obliged to lie 14! ee for ee hours, after which we continued our voyage, | This day Captain Clarke went by land and metus — "in the afternoon on the bank with an elk and adeer. © - We came about 14 miles and encamped ina good harbour on the North side, on account of the wind, om Which blew very hard all night accompaniec e “some drops Of Min, * a aah, Vote - Friday 19th. A cloudy morning, with »Righ wind. ie AL We did not set out until the next day. While we cee : - much. ‘washed by the rain, and without grass. lear ya part of a log quite petrified, and of whicl é _ whetstones—or hones” could ‘be- oss P nie? morning ; ena, water. eee a ‘Some of the canoes took in a we nd we made but 6 miles, when fad ain to he. A, on account of oy win JOURNAL: De aaaee elk sail eot a tambon oftGeese eggs out of thei ue “pests, which are generally built‘on trees. hod Sunday 21st. We proceeded on early 3 ; and had a fine clear morning, but cold: there was a sharp frost. We saw a great number of elk, buffaloe and deer on both sides of the river. About 12 thé wind again rose and was disagreeable, but we continued our voy= . age. Two of our hunters went out this afternoon 4 a and caught three young buffaloe calves. We passed s *-a’small river called’ White Clay river on the arth. - “side and, having gone..15 miles: Ene on» the: 4 ~ South side. ae Monday 22nd Before day light we continued our - voyage ; passed a beautiful bottom on the North s \, Covered with game of different kinds. The ae a was unfavourable to day, and the river here is very erooked. Wecame about 14 miles, then encamped —s_* on the South side and caught some beaver. | | q - Tuesday 23rd. We set out ear ly and hada fine day; p. “bat the wind was ahead and we were obliged to lhe 4 too about three hours. Wetwent 15 milesanden- 1 eamped on the N sie sid » Captain Clarke killed 3 ce _ blacktailed deer and a buffalae calf. og a Wednesday 34th. This was a clear dae ‘hit the: | 4 wind blew so hard down the river we could not pro-. on ‘ceed, “While we lay here some of the men went to: eee some water at a distance which appeared like a. ver or small lake. Inthe afternoonthey returned, nd had found it only the water of the Missouri, which pcg ran up a a bottom. One of the men caught : ing wolves and brought them in, and ‘the othe: a killed some elk and rdeer, ah RIOR Ld 4 ie sdatj 25th. We set out as usual aa had’ a fine be thse ioe ae were shui to shalt i cee aes eae 5M m \ ey | Ree ‘ Cine be owing. to he want of Hasbeps re ais. elgck in the. afternoon, we renewed our “One. : My . 3 and having this day advanced about 13 mR i encampet fon the South side. tae _-. Friday 26th. A fine day. We set out early, an: : ae having proceeded 10 miles came at 12 o’clock to the _ mouth of the Jaune and halted : Papin ‘Lewis and — _ his party had not arrived. - I went up the poin Peay 9 miles, where there are the most beautiful rich a - plains, I ever beheld. I saw a large pond op lake —~ oy Captain. Clarke while I was absent measured bath” ae _-Yivers ; and found the breadth of the Missouri to be See eS tba ards of water, and 190 of a sand beach ;. tot = Macs. That of the Yellow Stone river 297 ya | i af Ssers and. 561-of sand; total 858 yards. '. - month of this river is 1883 spile s from the mouth ae EB the Missouri ; 278 from Fort Mandan and 186. froma ; the mouth of Little ‘Missouri. eH ae oS 1 eahe: river Jaune is shallow, and Micon beet and Pwr _ vapid. Inthe evening Captain Lewis with his party joined us; sand had brought with, them a bul aloe Fi cally which folitmed them ge esky &. miles;, Wel ela. a | ber. of calves, and found they made very ; J... There are a great many signs of beaver 2). att of oe nepal ae “We encamped © on the a Uo &: ea night. | : aes ee we were Biloy at d to h oe "e en when we again went on; and having thi made 8 pies lak Sean on the eas pe not ‘so. ous pra ity ‘and t as the, mul of, the tiyer. | “JOURNAL: Coen . ¥ oa Ps ee sik ei at 2 A miles. and nemranen on the North side i in a ie some bottom. The bottoms here are not so large, — and have less timber on abies than those ey the Jaune. Monday 29th. We again set out Memlys had a lea : ‘morning and wenton ata good rate.« This forenoon _We passed some of the highest biuffs I had ever seen ; _and on the top of the highest * ‘ve saw some Mountain sheep, which the natives say are common about the Rocky mountains. These were the first we had,seen, and we attemped to kill some of them but did not ne succeed. Captain Lewis, and one of the men, travel- led some distance by land and killed a white bear.— brown erey. They are longer than the :comt black bear, and have much larger feet and talors. _ We went 25 miles and encamped on the bank of a ‘small river, which comes in on mits North ats jes ir of Oyards wide. _ ) Tuesday 302k. We. ‘embarked ‘ sunrise ; 3 had’ a Fae morning and went on very well. We passed through a handsome Country, with a rich soil, and - the prairies rising beautifully on both sides oF the a river. We went 24 miles and encamped on the * ae Bae, ede: ped ath a et elk here. ‘he natives call them white, but they’ are more of a ® n m4 apnea tik. ater by EE ee ee "oe, sie ae it PAN ST aah SPR eat o ioe > ee tee pies £ Watt ae Sg JOURNAL. | eg cs aa ae ean, Be Sean - ob a : Bean » Y & 4 / awe pe AN Oe : oS . ie lei ck Seber Srey ‘ s ee. x t a. wie 4 Ry E * Ss 4 Dae ticling. Tar: Ma 1805. “We ack out aaa ina aplatciog and went on till 12 0’ clock, when the wind rose so high, that our small canoes could not — S stand the waves. We made only 10 miles this day. Ve Thursday 2nd. At day break it began to snow ; ‘and the wind continued so high, we could not hese until the afternoon. While we lay here our hunters — . went out and killed some buffaloe and deer. T hey ™ found some red cloth at an old Indian | camp, whic we su . uppose had been offered and left as a sacnilices, _ the Indians having some knowledge of a supreme be- ing and this their modé of worship. The snow — ae did not fall more than an inch deep. At four we set 4 i out, went six miles, and. encamped on the North: side nea. beautiful bottom. — ae Friday 3rd. We proceeded on our. voy age this — Ms ein though very cold and. disagreeable, and. La. _ Severe frost. ‘The snow and green grass on the prai- vies. exhibited an appearance somewhat uncommon. — The cotton wood leaves areas large as dollars, not- . withstanding the snow and suclr hard frost. | We. = _ passed a small river on the north side called the 2600 vn the South side, called Posing creek 4 ohn ad day about 20 miles and ene’ seis iene ene oehe. river hs) fos two or three gare than it wi Lect ehtcet: miles anh es : ere of ane men ogehy Sick | one ¥ hs ae JOURNAL. fos Sunday sth. The morning was fine white fros £. Dae this roe the country 4 d ent Been age Ya ond theampel, ou ie Ronh ae. "Th Hie | Sick man bas | become better. Here we ‘Kill ed a very 2 darge brown bear, which measured three feet five ie —4duches rotind the head; three feet eleven inches. ana the’ neck + round the breast five feet. Ce ~Gnches; the lenst th veight (feet. 72 inches; round the piiddle of the fore lee 23 jaches ; > and his talons oe foe inches. and pale eights ofan inch. ee: ae Monday. 6th. \We-set sail with a fair wind. eh ; pleasant weather. At 12 a few drops of rain fell, but - "ait soon cleared up. We passed a river on the South y 2 | wide. about 200 yards wide; bat the water of this ne —ytver sinks in the sand on the. side of the Missouri. eg ee ANG went’ Slaten miles and enc camped on 1 the | ‘ Use : South side. | ee Puesday tth. Wi e again’ set out eatly arid went | ob very well till 12 whew it began to blow hard, and _ ) " acing all wnder sail one of our canoes turned | over. “4 cf ¢ Fortunately the acgbletihappencd: near the ehore’s 7 » ‘sand after baltine three hours we ‘were-able to goon. ae --agein. Having. this day made sixteen miles Wwe a= camped on the South sides «© y= ks | ie Aa eae day 8th. eg were again very early under. ee ee ~ ore. solbeny naa er river more spam Be : a8 = a rereck on the South side, and halvir ce OURNAL. ae i me a Ms a North side, ealled by the name of Warner’s : ereek. oS Briday Louk. We set out early in a fair morning ; ie ~ “but having gene five miles were obliged to halt and s dye by diving ‘the day, on account of hard: wind. , Some small showers of rain occasionally fell. Here » _ ‘we killed. some deer and bufraloe and took SOC. ° 20 A ‘beaver. 7 meee ~ Saturday 11za. The morning was fine, we started © | Py the usual hour: at 1 passed a small creek on the South side. This day we saw several great ranges of | buffaloe, and ether game in plenty. Oneéof the igs Woes te killed another large bwown bear, about the size of the one lately killed. We came seventeen aniles and phe pis ~~ *encamped on the South side. | eae ' Sunday 12th, We early renewed our voyage and had a pleasant morning ; passed some hills on the. . North side, covered with pine and cedar, the first _. “timber of any kind we have seen on the hills for a ‘jong time. At 1 we halted for dinner anda violent “storm.of wind then arose, which continued unt® -snight when some rain fell. Our. distance this day >. «nly 184 miles. ee Pati. Monday ¥3th» The eae: continued storm | and some few dropsof rain fell. At IP. M. -embarked ; passed three creeks, ome on the Nore ij ae side and two on the South ; weat seven ‘miles and The is \amiped tm a larve bottom. : ae i Tucwday i4ch. ‘There was some white frost ia a . . the morning, we ‘proceede ed on early; PaSSOE bi sey Loh ame | hills close to the river on the South side: and @e > 478 >. covered with pine timber at a distance. About [2,993 he cay became warm. Banks of snow were sean? eo. on the ints on the Nort b side. he 1s forenoon ites a oacivas small river on the South ve ee ety ae Which some of the min discover Ger ft, : é 5 E ah » al : ‘ie Be at a JOURNAL. : arge eeaarh bear, and six ‘of, tictn’ ‘went ont to Kil ee ‘They fired at it; but. having only wounded it, ae $ it made battle and was near Seizing ome of ‘them, — bie they all fortunately escaped, and at length suc- “a : _ckeded i in dispatching: it. These bears ‘are very bold. ne and ferocious ; ; and very large and powerful. The : - natives say they haye killed a numberiof tt eir brave pwd ‘The periogues having Bone ahead, while the ©’ 1 peorle belonging to the canoes were dressing the — yee “bear, a sudden gust of wind arose, which overset — AS ane o the periogues before the sail could be got. n. ‘The men who had _ been on board, t turned it tue ain and got it to shore, full of water. It. was im- ‘yi Panediately unloade sand, the cargo. opened, Saeen ae We found a ereat part of the medicine, and other = “ubticles spoiled. Here we eg ener having come «9% “to day 184 miles. «. i oh Wednesda: y 15th. We remained here all. dey to se i ans our baggage that had ‘got wet. Tt was cloudy ee and. unfavourabl! e for. the and some | rain (: at | Thursday ech, This was a Bae’ awe: 3 by 4 ye - o'clock in the afternoon we had all our articles ‘dry. > and ¢ ‘oh board again. At that. time We } oceeded on ur voyage 5 passed high barren hills on both sides the. river, with only a few pine trees on them. vi e advanced seven thiles and apnete o and- i ei oe ald chs Bute Pag cyte sns riday Lee 2 The morning was fine rd Oke Red early. The hills here come, very close to the _ cron. beth sitlesy. and have very little timber or” tabem. They are very high and much washed. — Ma h re are some of bees boise a distant par tealis x We e “made 20 1. smiles. a JOURNAL | re pe alata 18th. oa cloudy morning. We proceeded jee ; as usual. x he country much the same as yesterday’; “” until, about T2s0 ‘clock, when the bottoms became. “More extensive on both sides of the river. There is — stilla small quantity of pine timber on the hills. We had some showers of rain in the forenoon ;_ hail » in the afternoom; anda fine clearevening. We went +. iMeteén niles and encamped on the South side Opry oe ‘posite an island... Piss. >. Sunday 19th, “The morning was forey and there ae Ne - wassome dew. The river is handsom e and 53 _ €ountry mountdinous. We made 20} miles anden- camped on the North side ina small bottom. © 7 99 | Pe Monday 20ih. We set sail early and hada Haws ay morning. Passed a creek on the south side and about. 1l- came to the mouth of. the Muscle-shell Des. a ‘handsome river that comés in on the South side. Phe. (*- water of the Missouri is becoming moreclear. We-~ Were spent the remaindér of the “day, having come | _. ‘seven milés.. Captain Lewis had an observation Mere, — be which gave AT? 24. North latitude: and Cap~ © tain Clarke meas ed the rivers. Ehe Missourt ~ here is. 222 yards. wide, and the | Muscle-shell 110 yards. The water of the latter is of a pale ) eolour, and the current is not rapid; its mouth Etta. Le 660 miles above Fort Mandans. : | ss Tuesday 21sé. We proceeded on early ana Had ae a fine : morning ; tow ards the middle of the ay the wind blew hard ; but we went on very Well f for 20: | - miles, and eficamped on a sand-beach on n te, | Ni “ |W eside: re we ae Wednesday 29nd. A cloudy mogning. oy his AY vind Blew so hard this morning, we did not get under W as Hat until Qo’clock. The forenoon was cold and disa- eaten reeable, but'the afternoon became more pleasant, > killed a brewn bear and some other game on way vee.” gone 169 i ek We epee) 1s a JOURNAL. me > BY | A ieee a « Phraden y 93rd. 7 He. “merning was ee with eee white frost, and ice as thick as “window. glass. | We _ passed two creeks, one on each: side of the yiver :— abd two islands which. are not common, here are > Very few between these and fort Mucdans not more : than. six or eight. ‘In the cyan we killed a large. a Dear: inthe river; but he sunk and we did not get sel im.* We went 284 miles and encamped. | gs : riday 24th, 21) here was afain some white frost: oe ning. We embarked early ; passed a large — Y jst Z ti tee ‘a = ‘ os ‘ 2h Pitch: hak eT ee 5 7 r P a OR or: i ¥t a4 ta meas %, Ee i ae ld) Se a peo ee a ie os- +3 SS he a Be eae eae: E er Ck OF the North side and a beautiful island close — a at the southern shore. At tke head of the island, ' Game in another creck on the Southside. The bot- “tom of the river, and sand-bars have become much . More gravelly than we found them at any place lower . = gown, The water is high, rapid and more clear. ae TAR? dinner time a party was sent out to bring the : : meat. of some animals. that had been killed ata dis-. . boa _ tance. Here we left. two canoes to. wait for them ; 4 Seagate ct proceeded on. We passed a creek onthe North — 4 side, and having made 244 4 miles _eneamped. mn the on both, ae of the _ zi “South: side. The hills are “aver, and very. high. > =: J ie Saturday 25th, We waiter ere in the € Gn oheare ¢ et) is! ‘until the canges. came up; and. about 7 7 proceeded : on our voyage. ‘Che forenoon was pleasant. We — hu yacsed two screcks oppos site to each other. on the op- - 4 be ee rs eS Pieris of £ 7 a re Pee. ee “posite sides of the viver. About 12 we passed a! bot~ oin on the N ae ‘side with one solitary. tree Onis, a sn which +t ere was. an ca vele’s nest. ‘he bot- URES, s here are a small As we Wwontaune thisaf.. ternoon some of the. party killed three of what ther “French and natives call mountain, sheep. ; but they oe and fect, They are of a dan colour oe s _ the ate are very a wit : thos of the ‘ heh Phey have a fine soft. hair, Captair them the Ibex, and says they resemb: animal | more than any other, T hey are in size, hat Jarger than a deer. The hills here are ae 3 we and steep. One of our men in an atte: mt... ~ toclimb one had his shoulder dislocated ; it wa however replaced «without much difficulty. ‘The Eye as hills are very much washed in general: they app say Tike tee vinand of eh washing Maas e vine ve we a | eltepe a ye trees ay ee tipper id of it. “We went a 18. miles and encamped on the. South didee tae « Sunday 26th. Weset outearly ina fine morning, and passed through a desert country ; ;in which there- is no timber on any part, except a few scattered ines | en the hills. ‘We saw few animals of any kind, but — A oe Ibex or, mountain sheep. One of our men kil- > eda male, which had horns two feet long and four aed 5 diameter at abe. root. 3 ed e passe two o Cree if ¥: eis “ ‘The Thex seyemnbien. the; chitin the shape of it body; i hut differs in th ‘ forns which are much largér > They are | - bent backwards, full of knots; and it is generally asserted that there is a knotadded every year. There are some of ae te we ey ERR atin tae al least two iti of oy a It is. “anative oe ake Rb! ee and mountains of Greece; - extremely 'SVEE ot of running | with ease along is edges of en ig Walk or. r the Fox, though insti “JOURN: AL | ae ees a bat on the North side ; : and. in eee i one of the men killeda buffaloe. At dark we came to large rapids, where we had to unite the crews of two or three canoes, to force them — through. It was. . - gometime after night. before. we could encamp. We a | - < at length, after having gone twenty-one mHes en- : _. eamped on the South side in a small grove of timbers, , Tee Fe first we had seen eons | tke day. To ge lee: TES heard of that snimaly and Sond Nn ; Case's: * 4 ~*~ verbal. description, we are led to believe, that it much. — ako one nearly resembles the wild pee ae called the Muffion ~~ or Musmon, to.be found in the uncultivated ; parts of Greece, Sardinia, Corsica and i inthe desart ¢ of Tartary ; and which is thought to be the primitive race and ue veal sheep in its 4 wild aad savage state. Perhaps it may be found tobeex. — , ~ actly the same ; of which we find the following description, © The Mufilon, or Musmon, though covered with hair, Bears a stronger similitude to the Ram than. to: any ie 2 animal; 5 ‘like the Ramit has. the. eyes placed near the horns 3 and its ears are shorter than those of the goat: it alsore-— Y veer les the Ram in its horns, and im all the particular eons “a tours of its form.. The horns also are alike ; they arcof & 4 white or yellow colour; they, have three sides” as in the - Ram, and bend backwards 3 in the same manner behind the. _ ears. The rauzzile and inside of the ears ere of a whitish ol colour tinctured with yellow ; the other parts of the face * - are of a brownish grey. The. general colour of the haiew - % “ever the. body. as of.a brown, approaching to that of the, ee eS deer. The inside of the thighs and: belly are of'awhite _ ‘tinctured with, yellow. The form upon the whole. seems: ¢ se more made for agility and strength than that. of the coms - monsheep; andthe Mufflon is actually found to.hive in a. savage state, and. maintain itself either. by force or swift- ness against all the animals that live by rapine. Such is ats | extreme speed that many have been inclined rather to rank: ve de among Ane te kind, cae the sticep. | Bits in \ this a ey are = IE oe =~ 2 ees raat a fs hae hs some these are seen Sag erow i a ae wing size; many of them auineabben: in their eon 3 ne, peare ree seeder rn. ; arth. We ies now. ak into nee she nts little to our view, but scenes of bar- desolation ; and see no encouraging pre Sa will terminate. Having proceeded (by — of this” viver) about two. thousand. three ae it nade therefore not be eee te : ones ane et Ss Ww a sufficient qounety of Gabor $in many ‘lace ara and the ey os and erate at is ne ee gad erent: arr fhe Bote thek WA — oo: of an inferior quality ;. but may in general be: ae’ good second rate land. The country is. rathe r baly / re Ee it SRE ARCS - than level, though. not mountainous, rocky, or Stony. i. The hills in their unsheltered state are much ‘expo> sed to be washed by heavy rains. This kind of coun: | - try and soil 1 vhich has fallen under our observation in our progress up the Missouti, extends it is ‘under=_ stood, te a great distance on bot! h sides of the. tiver. Re ‘ae Along the Wiccouri and the waters which flow into - oe it, cotton wood and willows are frequent I inthe botten nd- islands ; 3 but the upland is almost entire ut timber, and consists of large prairies or ‘plai ‘ sundaries of which the eye cannot reach. T 4s generally short on these immense n es which 2 ay the ese? seasons are oo a ay - "ae st : the ou Ad course, ae pe Paters aneeeien ihe. presets

various: 8 sid .. lebeth appearing like dark clouds and sinking i inthe © hee horizon 3 these enlivened with the buffaloe, elk, ack. i os _ and otheranimals which in-vast numbers feed ‘upon: a) oe the e plains or pursue their prey, are the prominent objects, which compose the extensive prospects ae to the view and strike the attention of the helen 7 os ~The islands in the Missouri < are Bor various aloes: ; . general not largest and dnsing bi water mostly _everflowed. Le - m4 “There are Tatlaa pathiiige ong: nue Missouri wad some in other parts of the “country. Those along - hs ‘that river do not generally follow its windings but “eut of points of land and pursue a direct course. There: are also roads and paths. made by the buffa~ es Tae, andsother animals ; some | of the buffaloe. roads are at least ten feet widé. We did not embark this. cis “rnorning util 8 o'clock. The day was fine, but me the wind ahead. We had. difficult, water, and passed oe Hn ano the most dismal’ country I. ever beheld; no- | “ver; as far as our view: could extend. aga he bed of the 2 Fiver ds rocky, and also the banks and hillsin some | » . places; but these are chiefly: of earthy We went — thirteen miles and encamped ima botte my just tareet Le ‘enough fer the. purpose, and made out to ort hati oe ee drift wood to cook with, : AfGe ame ©’ bh Pp. as A elbnenegt came ta Bmore thing “But barren mountains on: both sides of the ri- ‘ - Tuceday 28th. We set sail early, had a nie morn-_ , and proceeded on th rough’ this desert country ene, po JOURNAL, aoe By gia he rrr ) ey, We about eighteen miles and halted at a ‘hanlalitte ae grove of timber en the South side. Itrained alittle | Bey all the afternoon. Some of the. men went out to ee > Wunt andkiled aneik: Last night about 12 0’clock me ~> abuffaloe swiming the river. happened to land at Gene of the periogues, crossed over it and broke two ~ gubs, butnot so-as to render them useless. He ‘ then went straight on through the men where they _ ‘were sleeping, buthurt none ofthem. As we came. along te day we passed a place where the Indians had driven above an hundred head of buffaice down a pre-. eipice and killed them. S Earn Tear Tiursdcy 301th. Thégfovencon was eloudy, with — > somerain. We “id nollltet cut till lete ip the day... | .. The hills came in close on the river again, but are oat es 7 gad a os not so high. Some of. them” ‘are as black as coal ® ahd some : white as chalk? We see amreat mz ygiresh. - Indian tracks or signs. as’ pass along. ie Dine ) , alittle all day ; we went on slow and encamped ear~ ~ ly onthe North side, in a small bottum with some ©. cotton wood, haying proceeded on eign! MHCSe ya There are ng pines to be scen.on the hills. : Tivriday Sist.. We: ‘emba see early dit» 4. cloudy. Pmorning ; passed through a mountainous countrs, * but the game is more plenty, and we kilied some but- fice | in ourway. About 11.o’clock it began to rai Slowly, and continued raining two hours, when it. eleared up. We passed sore very curious cliis and “rocky peaks, 3 in a lone range. Some of them 200.. _ feet high and not more than eightfeet thick. They 9 | -- aseem as if built .by the ha nd of man, and are so.) ae : “pumerous that they appe sar like the ruins ofean ana’ * 2% ‘tient city. We went 17+ miles. and encamped at. : “the mouth of a handsome creek on the North side. a | a Saturday let June, 3805. We. embarked. early. ee x The morning was. cloudy, but without rain. «Wee Pe passed through a more batons ee than infor ee 7. > rt “a uy not lanes ate smait . Covered With e6tton any We | ‘saw a Riba: Ae “mountain sheep. Yesterday our men’ killed three of them, that “had remarkable laree horns ; one pair “weighed 25 pounds, We. passed a- small rivet on * the North side about -11 o’clock: “The water is not $0 rapid to day as usual, but continues high. In the geiternoon. we Gaasad: a’ ereek | about 30 yards wae. ‘and several: smalt islands. We Went 24 miles and encamped on a smal! island. Y Sunday 2nd: We embarked early ina fine morn- “ine. The hills come clegggon the river, but are not. 80. hich nor so broken,. ay wedound them a short dig- - ance. lower down. “his. forenoon we passed two “ereeksp one on each ave aod several isiands cover- ed @eeoiton wood t there 3 is not a stick of tim- _ ber to: bé@seen. any wha | upon the hills. Some of — the hunters killed ’a brown bear in a small bottom_on @.. thé south side, and Having comhe 18 miles we encam-: "~~ ped just above the bottom onthe same side, at the: * mouth we a large titers oe 4 e. ie . oo ae a bie 3rd: We crossed over to the. ‘point be=-. 4 | _.. *ween the tworivers and encamped there. Thécom-* | manding officers could not determine w hich of Nese 2. F yivers or branches, it was proper to take ; and’there-. fore concluded to send a'smali party up eachof them: - Myself and two men went.up the South branch, and. a serjeant- and two more up the North. The ‘parties went up the two branches about 15 miles. We found the South branch rapid with a great many — istands and the’ general course South West. ‘The i ether party reported the North branch’as less r apid, a and not so deep as the other. The North branch is: 186 yards wide and the’ South ‘OTe: yards. — a hy us water of the South branch is clear, and that of th North uy, About a. mile and an half up. ith ence a.” handsome: “eal : a >t } ay 47°, ae 12. apes Tee ude. sie Lewis | ee and Captaia. Clarke were not yet. sutished with Tes-— : cy ect to the. proper river to ascend. : ») Lucsday. Ath, Captain Lewis with six men went -mp the North branch, to see 1f they coulddind any. | a eertain marks to peer ini ne whether that was the 6 ee -- Missouri o1 not ; and Captain Clarke myself and four ethers went up ihe South branch, fc the: SAE PUES! Ro. “pose with vegatd to that branch. About eieht miles’. ° ae ~~ above the confluence, the South branch andthé small | * “river: which falls into the. North branch, are net more than’ 200 yards apart, Near this place al ~< close on. the- bank of the Seutiitbranc h 1892 Beautiful ~ spring where we. refreshed ‘oubselves. Avo | drink of grog; and proci@e@[d,on throug ig wig | plains. Here nothins srows Dut prick? peaks, which are in abundance, and some sftcrt grass. We went on about thirty miles and found the river still exten- ding i ina South West direction. We saw ‘gmoun- tain to the South about 20'miles of, whicliappearedY Morun East. and West, and some spots,on it resem- * dling snow. In the evening we went towards the. _viver to pencamp, where. one of the men having got pe ie asinall point of woods on the bank, before. § the rest of. theparty, was attacked by a huge he-bear, 9 “and bis gun missed fire. We were about 200 yards - | ' from him, but the bank there was so steep we could oe ger wee to. his Apptence : a Wes sige fired ae S a Bee ry oS aye mane off’ eaetay injuring ‘the man. “Havin ‘got ae aie wD. we alk encamped in an old tnd ian lodge for the. a - Fs 5th. omen light showers of tain fell” night, and, the: morning was cloudy to: act out ee ea three b +Y + ee a mountain, Soa of 1 us De oe oe that had a Piuah last, aie Wheb we had Boe ee oe MW miles _ eae Cog els se course for. us to. proceeds on our ag VO) aE, aud we turne 2d back. towar ds‘ the camp | again. en de Wevwe entiabout 15 miles and strack the small Tiver a about 20 miles from its mouth. Here we killed some | > elk and deerend encamped all night.’ “Thereisa— y reat. geal of tirabe cr in the ere ar this: hte: vl-" ey part: cular. ‘ er. Thur slay 6h. © We reuivosded™ ree Hye hall * ao a and kilied: scme deer. About 1 o’elock we __ aoe weet on the plains abe sain whic me we kept on ll we ees | oe ee Lewis _ ue Coal his party. Wan not! re ve _ ‘this afternc GGT bi: Spey eT ae Oe ae Briday 7th. Tt rane tally Captain en Si an party did not return. He fine a a me Saturday ‘Sth... ‘A fine fool morning. “aot ron ‘ clock A. M. the water of the South fiver, or branch, ‘became al most of the celour of claret, and remained “so. all day. (he water. of th the other branch hasthe ‘appearance of milk when contra sted y git the water ' ofthis branch Ip its pr resent ‘state. J Bou ; afternoon Captain Lewis and lis party came prec phan | “They had been up the North branch about 60. Y < | iba at Ravigeble, tha at distance 5 ‘not : west. 7 pte while but Kill ne -elk. ‘From the appearance, or the — river where they left it to return, they supposed. ae | : ritaiabe be navigable ; a considerable | dist ance further, - , They saw.no mountains ahead, bu one off toware a north: it was. not covered with s snow ‘like’ t 10 ye had seen. Both these rivers. abound i in fish ; - an Byes we caught some of different kinds, but not large. * About five O "clock i in. the -afternoon the weather be- ee (3, eae ‘y! hop “ag . % id The other they called Maria’s S river. “rain ceased. . - Sunday 92h. A fine morning. tt was tho | __ adviseable to Ieave the large periogue hereand p 2 of the stores and baggage, and some of the . en aged in digging a casejto bury them in. The wa- ‘ter of the Missouri change ‘this'morning - ‘ig bee tes fe mer colour. The day was fine, but the wind blew hard from the northwest. One of the menkiledan excellent fat buffaloe. There is a quantity of gdosé=. _. berry and choak-cherry bi ishes on n the point, and also Oh ee eS iting rabbit berries. ee Monilay \Oih. We hauled ¢ our large periopue on. oe “an island in the mouth of Maria’s river, and covered ‘at ithabrush. We then began to examine and ~ assort our effects to see what would be least wan ted and most proper to leave ; but about two it beg a _- Fain and blow so hard, we were obliged to deeice” rain continued enly an hour, and in the: evening » Toaded est of the neuen and left the igi oe ° At dark the tae mh a | articles amountin g to Shout one “howd oe The rest of the’ party wer é Y cosveeh é in a he Ne which had been left, and | he following morning. CHAP. oe ee Wednesday 1248. The ‘morning. was fae? We oe ee a from the mouth of Maria’s river, “and: we i cee on very well. In the forenoon we passed 12 isla ~ At 1 o’clock the weather became cloudy and th: ened rain; at 2 there was a light shower, and | - day became clear. We passed three islands this _ . ternoon’and some handsome’ bluffs on both sides of | the river. , We went 18 miles and encamped ina . ~ small bottom on the north. oes, where we > killed 2 élk and some deer. : _ Thursday 18th. We set out a a Some dew fell last night. We i a ee K on the south side, calle OW pay The "water: of the river is very clear and the current very Yapid. We passed a number of islands covered with — , _ timber ; but there is none to > be seen on ‘the oy, ) _ either'side. We we it 14 ae the south side. ‘ * y ; : « i Sa ‘ i oa BCS ant eae Cee bs is : Sie : Ne it : Ree, at or hey cy ae ‘5 . eo } : Soe aes ) ing was plsasant: ArOuL a Oo slog z M. we pa ‘ ae place where Captain Lewis and his men had killed ~ _ two bears, and had left a note directing us where Oe caine t them. About 2 one 2 of Denar a Lewis’ "smen m ; da Ly 15th. "We pro secded on as. usual, ’ vapid watery T ever saw any LO a IN ele JOURNAL. “re on the south side called Soaationn creek, * handsome rapid stream, but not large. On a point a 4 above, there is a great quantity of strawberry, goose- " berry and choak-cherry bushes; and there appears _ to be a good deal of small cotton-wood on the banks” of this creek. In the afternoon we passed redblufis ee both sides of the river, and at night came to a large - : | ‘Yrapl l which we did not venture to pass so late ; ane 4 therefore encaniped below an the north side, after” ; » ~~ “going 12 miles. : oe Sunday 16h, In the morning all hands’ were en- ee ‘gaged in taking the canoes over the rapid abouta = _ ss mile in length, which having accemplished They te- 4 mm ‘turned and took up the periogue, where we halted to examine anothers great rapid close ahead. One — ’ aman had been sent on last night to Captain Lewis, to | find out what disceveries he had made. We remain- “ed here some time, and a few of the men went out ee Want. About floon Captain Lewis and the: party . ie with him joined us, and the: hunters came in. Cap- ‘tain Lewis had been up the falls 15 miles above the __ first dea or pkg and found the falls continue alk ere were 5 different shoots oe 40 or 50 feet perpendicular each, and very rapid wa- Te ter between them. As we found the south side the best to carry our canoes up, we crossed over and ulte © ‘toaded our craft. We then had to take the empty © » ee to the side we had 2 and to tow them xP Reel as sages but we smcceeded § in getting einem all over safe. jee fen, Monday 17th. Part of the men were employed i in yeh taking the canoes up the small river about a mile andy an half; and some engaged in making. small Wages ge é, ons, to haul the: canoes and bench above ‘the eee. a bene JOURNAL. aptain Clarke and 4 men went to view and owek oe ou foad to the place. where we were toembark above the falls. Opposite the mouth of the small river, a we eaicdul sulphur spring rises out.of the bank, of-as - (se strong sulphur water as I have ever seen. Onthe -. bottoms of this small river and ‘also on the Missow Bea 4 18 a great quantity of flax growing, and at this time - in bloom. ‘Two men went out this mornin; t > huns. Baie for elk, in order to-get their skins for covering tothe ¥ron frame of a beat, which we had with us. In the do. - evening the men got the canoes to-a proper place to take them upon land: : -.. Tuesday 18th. The aeniagie was-hauled out ‘of er! | iz water and laid safe; and some men went to dig a: place for depositing more of our baggage. About 1s: the two hanters came in, and could find:ne elk, but : killed 10 deer. In the evening we compleated ou -waggons, which were made altogether of wood, and =~ of a very ordinary quality; but it is. expected sree tah. will answer the purpose. Me Per: Wednesday 1912. A fine day, but the wind very” pose _ High. ‘Three hunters set out for Medicine river, a: large river above the falls, which comes in onthe | — north side; to hunt fe elk.. We finished the burying — ; . place, so that we will be ready to start as soon as _ €apt. Clarke returns. AH our people are hie: e : sRAREASONS to. go through the prairie.- CAL at aa «. Phursday 20th. A cloudy morning < four hu ate ee went out to kill some fat buffaloe. About 4 o’cloc Bs went out ei & tile pe an. half and broug: load, leaving three men to-dress the rest.. Capta L ebns and his. party returned, having found erable good road except where some drau: ¢ i tegdatie isha ae their * blankets a anc - - JOURNAL. Friday 2\st. This morning was algo fine, but there was a high wind. The remainder of the meat was brought in, and one of the men killed 2. deer. a Saturday 22nd. All hands, except two and the 1 in- se terpreter and his wife, set out through the | prairie a with one canoe on a wagegon loaded heavy with bag- : gage. We went on slowly as our axletrees were P 4 e weak 3 and about 12 o’clock one of them broke ; when we had to halt and put in anew one. This. accident happened at a draught where there was some willow, and we put in an axletree of that ;. ywhich I believe is the best this country: affords fo s the purpese. It was late in the evening before we ~ got to the intended ate of embarkation on the: pee waver. | ry » Sunday 23rd; . he morning was ‘dowdy: Ww ae - Eawoke this morning I found a material difference between the river and country: here and below the: - falls. Here the river is‘wide and the current gentle. ‘Phere are three small islands at this place and some timber on the banks, but not much, and what 1s there is cotton-wood and willow. The banks are very low, and the country rising in plains a considerable dis- tance on both sides of the river ; and far eff moun- © tains covered with snow on both sides: and ahead. {wo of the men and myself remained with Captain . uewis here to assist him in putting together his lrorr ee the Fest went back for anon pees ey h e iron. yisee whether the three men sent ‘thete to x ee: Tn Be evening : re eee 268) ee “aah. Tn tie morning K Corti Lewis came: aa r camp. * We found it very difficult to pros » ane F for the boat. The two men which Captaim left in the morning came to our camp ine ae ernoon, but had seen nothing. of the other two a ee hunters. In the evening there was a very heavy “phower of rain; at night the weather cleared up, and dia the men arrived. with two more canoes. The two. ee hunters which Capt. Lewis could not nd, had killed. ae peome buffaloe below the mouth of the Medicine river, _ where one remained, and the other had gone ACrOSs - ~ to the camp below the falls again, but had acaieen ne: . iy sats ry ee ne Tuesday o5¢h. AC cloudy morning. T he men went: | Paik for more canoes and: baggage; and one went = teen to the hunter’s camp below Medicine river tos: > | f- bring him up ina canoe. Agother went up the river ~ . to look for elk. When he had gone about three miles, he was attacked by 3 brown bears, that were near: © devouring him; but he made his escape by running: “3 “down a steep bank into the-water. Inthis adventure. ’ he fell; injured his gun, and hurt one of his hands; therefore returned to camp. One of the’men'and = myself went over to a island to look for stuf for the canoe, but could find nothing but bark, which ; » perhaps will answer. We killed two elk om the ~*~ ~ dsiand. There is:in the bottoms a great quantity. voy na inaveeees ‘and currant bushes.’ Also multitudes’ iy OL blackbirds. — The musquitces: are very trouble-- ss < “some, thoagh the snow ison the mountains so nea ea Ne Inthe evening the two men came up the river with: fae ty of good meat and 100 pounds of tallow. am ogi 261), A a sop) Sk gies hunters | 5 * £ ie) fi . a Tee eee _FOURNAL. and Captain Lewis had-to bleed: inten with a. penkinites. : having no other instrument at this camp. Captain © cK Clarke m@asured the length of this pane accu-< 7 rately and found it to be 18 miles. He also mea-- — sured the height of the falls, and found t em In a 7 distance ,of 17 miles 362: feet 9 inches. ‘The first’ | great pitch 98 feet, the second 19 feet, the third 47° 77 feet 8 inches, the fourth 26 feet; and a number ~ of small pitches, amounting pee walk to (362 feet: B % inches. | , Thursday 7th. & fine day. T be men went back q ry for the remaining canoe and baggage. Tf he sick man: igs become better. Tbis. morning some elk came: close to camp and we killed two of them: In the afternoon-a dreadful hail storm,came on, which last- ed half an-hour.. Some of the lumps of ice that fell weighed 3 3 ounces, and measured 7-inches in.circum-- erence.» The. ground was covered with them; as: _ white ‘as-snow. "Tt kept cloudy during, the evening, -and some rain fell: At night the two hunters that went up-the river returned. ts ane had killed while: -@ut 9 elk: and.3- bears.. “24 . Friday 28th. A. fine morning. There are Phat or ‘persons now at this camp, butall busy about the boat; some shaving skins, some sewing them together; and: -domeypreparing the. wood part. = Saturday 29th: We had-a very hard’ Sontlor dina ; and rain in the morning ; but a fine forenoon after: - it. Captain Lewis and.a.hunter went down the river about 7 miles, to-see a very ‘large spring which rises: — - gut of the bank of the Missouri‘ on. the south side. | : In the afternoon: there was. another heavy shower _— , of rain, and after it a fine evenings. Captain: seat te 2 4 fr game to.camp, but drenched with rain. es eye 4 ae oe 30th Gi hgcok m pi arn heavy d cd ie he paioke ~ ae wes 4 Se pare ma oe ae et rine tee iy = s ee + ‘> r ECT Pa ee ee ee EN Oe eT SO, 7 PO tie eT re a aed Sal Ree eee i = i JOURNAT ay / Ast A piety, 1805. ® fine day. aoe ae . oe, Ce Captain Clarke and the men came with all - ‘ agree ea some ee had lett 8X miles TEN ay ter, ‘and the pie ag etd child, Tale gone to see. be spring at the fails; and when the storm began, they took: shelter under a bank at the mouth of a ran; - but in five minutes there was seven feet waterinthe ~ ae os and they were very near being swept away. They lost a gun, an umbrella and a Surveyor" Ss coni- Ghak __ pass, and barely escaped with their lives. fis, ee Tuesday 2nd. A fine-morning. Phe Suivepoe © ‘compass; which had been lost wee found to’ day.” ~ The men went -out for the basgage which had ~ f been left on the: way, and got in with the whole of i ity e, and canoes safe. 3 ee - In the evening, the most of the corps crossed over to an island, to attack and rout its monarch, alarge _ brown bear, that held possession and seemed to detys oy all t hat. would attempt to besiege e him there. Our | aS — troo 28) however, stormed the Blace, eave NOQgUaRtErys and its commander fell. Our army returned 3 saad same evening to eangy without horns suffered any Jess. on their side. | ae Wednesday 3rd. A fine morning. 1 was $0 enga- : __ ged with the boat, that I had not visited the falls. | 2. therefore set out with one of the men to day for that purpose. I found the 2nd pitch the most beantifu though not the highest. About a mile below the up-), _ per pitch, the largest: and most beautiful spring r ay a es the bank of the Missouri on the south ae cs é Tee . sep me previous : we.kiiled 7 of th . r med to pee: We also saw 25 wolves one meee sal engaged at Ai boat, and pany ‘in ‘aba ing 4 skins for clothing, until about 4 o’clock in. the af ? ‘ *_ ternéons when we drank the last of our spirits. in ce- ees lebrating the day, and amused ourselves with dane. s “eine tl 9 o’clock at night, when a shower of rain Fi ag and we retired to rest. Friday 5th. A fine morning. ” Atl the men, ex cept five of us who were engaged at the boat, went to hunt ; at night they came in and had killed Sever ral buffaloe and some cabres or antelopes. oa = e Saturday 6th, As many of the hands as contd find ag room to work were engaged at the boat; and four went down the river to hunt buffaloe, in oMder to get” their skins to” over our craft. This was a beautiful _ : and please day.» ? a oe ‘The morning was fine. The hunters m. ak hat ‘remained out all night. In the evening some ! few drops of rain fell ; and the hunters came in ; _ “© -but'had not had) good ick; the buffaloe being most- } oly out in the plains. At night we got our boat fin- ert ished, all but greasing ; and she was laid outtodry. . peice Monday Sih. Again we had a fine morning, and 4 a a number of the party went out to hunt. In the © evening they all came j in, and had killed but, three. 9 _buffaloe, a deer and a cabre; and caught a ‘small 4 animal almost like 4 cat, of a light colour. Yester- “day: “onélof the men caught a small squirrel, like a ground squirrel, but of a more dun colour, and more — - spotted. We finished the boat this evening, having covered her ‘with tallow and coal-dust. Ww ecalled © her the’ Eo petncns and gepest she will answer our - “purpose, na © Puesday 9th, nN fine morning, nid heavy dew. I ‘the forenoon we loaded our canoes, and put the Ex-_ es ~,.. periment into the water., She rides very light i A -. leaks some. In the afternoon a storm. of wind, ae 4 somerain came on from the north west, and we had” sagae to aoa» some pot our canoes, they waves. ran so After the storm we uci fine evening. oy he and coal were found not to answer the pur- | for as ‘soon as. ‘dry, it cracked and scaled off, > water came through the skins. Therefore t of tar or pitch we had, after all our labour, to haul our new A Saale on anor Ss and leave it at this bes sg! rote a Wednesday Oth. K fine cool morning. Captain ‘Lewis and Captain Clarke thought it would be best: ‘make two canoes more, if we could get timber " Targe” enough. So Captain Clarke and 10 men set ‘out im search of it. Some of the hunters having: <* e seen Haree timber SpONE a miles gh the river, the a8 a on! 6 r7 miles, q J Fr tidibers ss. ja tone « the canoes are i un! fet return, ) for the remainder of the. baggage. Captain Lewis, _ _ myself and nine men staid to take the boat asunder and bury her; and deposited her safely under ground. api Lewis had an observation at 12 which gave — 47° 310 N. Latitude. In the afternoon I went out EUtto see if there were any buffaloe near, but found — _. mone: they appear to have all left the river. On ~ 4 ; _ the bank ofa run where there are high rocks, I found — sf a great. quantity of sweet gooseberries, all ripe. | ., Thursday \\th. We continued here waiting for oe i: return of the canoes until 2 e’clock ; then four cof us went out and killed a buffaloe and brought in = par of the meat. The canoes did not come back - this eyeing. °.% a _ Friday 12th. ‘A fine morning. Myself = thre ‘or the men went up the river to assist Captain Clarke’s party. ‘In our way we passed a small bot- m on the narth side of the river, in which there . old Indian ~ lodge | 216 feet in circumferet 4 -saw some wild pigeons and turtle d : one arent 7 miles. we- - Jound Ca nae ose ~ "ie eae van nee eS he canoes hod ieee our ol , mas re Captain ps Wasi 5 ny 13th. Os fine: e day but thigh » wi with all ing cage hie rhe orar encampmer a ‘which we had called White-bear camp. The mus-_ oe are very troublesome. | This evening the oe were finished SRCEPE the mastng: in some ‘Sandal Tr ty. fine) morning. “About. ie O. clock “ ae men came. up with the: canoes and bageage. Bs) he diste nce by water. was found tobe 22 miles, al Tat 1d only 6 miles. In the afternoon. some ee f fell but y we € continued, to one at the cae e3, an JOURNAL. 109. U4, Ge a 4 vin tiy 15th. After. anight of heavy rain, we iz 3) had a pleasant morning, and loaded the canoes. - About 11 o’clock we set out from this place, which “we had called Canoe’camp ; had fine still water, and ‘passed some handsome small bottoms on both sides of the rivér. We also passed a handsome river on the south side about 100 yards wide, which seemed to have its source in a large mountain on the same side. The snow appears to have melted from ail the -. ‘mountains in view. The country around is composed | ef dry plains, with short grass, We passed two small creeks, one on each side of the river; made 26 miles, and encamped on the north side. Tuesday \6th.. We embarked early and hada fine » morning. Captain Lewis and two men went on a- ‘head to the mountain to take an observation. We passed the channel of ariver on the south side with- out water, about 60 yards wide. ‘Ve had fine water _ ‘until about 1 o’clock, when we came within about two i miles of the mountain; when the water became more , rapid; but the current notso swift as below the falls, . * At this place there are a number cf small islands. »”* One of our men has been taken unwell... In the aby A » ternoon we continued our voyage, and the water con-" © + 7 re gs .. tinued very rapid. We got about 3 miles intoatig ae © first range of the Rock mountains, and encamped of . Aa : the north side of the river on a sand beach. Tha oi _ is some fine timber on the mountains, but net muc ay “aiding _/* in this part. There are great bilis of solid rock of | ~~ adark colour. This day. we went about 20 miles. > 54.2) _. _. Wednesday 17th. We set out early, and the morn: 7) ing: was fine and pleasant. At 8 o’clock we came tae, - be A PO tee “JOURNAL. Captain Lewis's camp, at a very ‘rapid place > _ river, and took breakfast. We bad ‘here ‘to ae nthe | ’ erews cf two canoes together, to go up ‘heweaplts ‘ which were about. half a mile long.» The Missouri — _ at this place is very narrow. At the head of these 3 rapids a fine spring comes In on the south sit side, which “ rises about a quarter of a mile from the river; and — has a good deal of small cotton-wood and willows on its banks. There is also another spring below the. gapids, but it sinks before it reaches the river. We *os « proceeded on paroug hi the mountains, a very desert _ Jooking part of the country. Some of the knobs or ~* peaks: of these mountains are 700 (perhaps some nearly. 1200) feet high, all rock ; and though they es are almost perpendicular, we. ‘saw mountain Bee on the very tops of them, We saw few other ani-. ee mals to day. The general breadth of the riveris 100 peer yards. We went 11 miles and encamped | ina small ty bottom: on the-north sidey me » . Phursday Vth. The- morning ‘was. oe ane we rate proceeded on early : passed Clear-water river on the north side about 50, yards wide, rapid and shallow. . ~ 2 ed Ai here are a great qui ntity of currants all along the te river on both sides in the small bottoms. At break- Zast time Captain Clarke with three men went on a- © head. About 11 we got through the higher part of © - 4le mountains, and to where there Is ‘less timber and © oe rocks not so > large. In the: jo n we. pas ibove the mouth , * shih we: got a deer sking ‘thatCepale Clarke’s- n had lung up. The country continues: much same. We made 204niles thisday. riday. L9rh, A fine. morning. PA: we came te Ppt napa sof the shiaieliee sete whiely had ss ere ie ae on JOURNAL. Lit —_ ire ‘hank Mairider; lightehine ‘sat rain, which conti- eS an hour or two, -and then the weather became ‘lear. This afternoon we passed parts of the moun- tains, that were very hich, and mostly of solid rock wolf a light colour.. The mountains are so Lag on the river on both-sides that we scarcely could find room toencamp. We went 20 miles and encamped onthe south side. After nieht*some rain fell. Saturday 20th. We had a “fine sees and em- barked early. . About 8 we got out of the high part of the m ountains, and came to where they are lower and not so rocky; and where there are the finest eurrants I ever. saw of different kinds, red, yellow; and black: the black are the most pleasant and pas ~ datable. There is also a good portion of timber fe the mountains all along this part. We killed: < in elig in our way, and found the’skia of one w hich Captain Clarke had left on the bank with a note, in forming us he would pass the mountain he was then on, and wait for the canoes. We passed ‘a small creek on the- south side, and abeut 2 o’clock came to a level aoe on the north side, from which we saw a Strone s: MOE rising, and supposed it was from a fire made e by Sur. a Clarke..- The river-ts very crooked in general, and here is a gfeat bend to the southeast ; and in the af- ternoon it turned so far that our course was nortly ~~ of east. We proceeded on through.a valley between: two mountains, one of which we passed, and the . other is in view-ahead. We went 15 miles and ens: 2 e camped at the mouth of a small run on the south” Je Bide. 2 eke hte » onthe river, and. Hck of a red pu rple Say ts ‘eds : - Ne pines on the hills. At noon our course be gan ta | Stinday 21st. We set out at sunrise and: hate ee pleasant morning ; passed some middling hich lids two small creeks one on each side. There are q Lae change more to the southwest agains the wind blew + ¥ hard and some drops of rain fell. Deg the ak a4 peer Ace ne we e passed through « a ridg >y whe et very narrow i close sala a Ps ge cluste tie? ates ae an half and > Sa Oues on he 50 ee side, oh ‘on a beautiful prairie bottom. One Of our ‘hunters bn Killed afine deer. fe, ‘ ie : Monday 22nd, We eml Pe Being pleasant : ; Babee : een southern shore, anda ane island near the Saker : : On the south side the country is level toa good dis- tance, but om the north the hills come close tothe ; 7 Eset: - At breakfast our squaw informed u us § she had © an a ~ heen: at this place before when smail. Here | weg igs - = quantity of wild onions. At half past 9, We pro- - deeded on again ; passed a large island at noomt; ar ig In the afternoon, more islands : : and came to ay : where Captain Clarke and his party were encamp Pp ’Phey told us they had seen the same smok Sey which : ‘ : Reus Had discovered a few days ego, and found it had > io = oa by or who they supposed had nel iad f taking gus for enemies. half and “encamped. on ae mde Nighére we cae a the niusquitoes very bad. Wy. ‘¢ saw to day ; Bey eral pans of snow on a west of us | Fi . | “Puesday Pens: “A cloudy morning. \ Ween peel? coe and at the same time Captain’ Starke: e re went, on é again to endeavour to meet. ‘with some We had rapid.w Bia and j us ed. ape fabs of islands. Capt. Saabs nd MW fo in deer ae a abt and ot 7 : moaek ae a ; ay eha “valley of 10 fa cae Mile “T he. r i : are not so, high 1 nor. SO ren aan those we Gh Mi,’ ate is RE salen ‘viver on the south ide, and some ny _ banks of very white clay. We encamped on an island, haying made 24 miles. ; -- Wednesday 24th. The morniag was fine; ane we early prosecuted our voyage ; passed a bank of yery ae ~ yed earth, which our squaw told us the natives use ‘ for paint. . eer are plenty among the bushes, and * one of eur men killed-one on the bank. We continued | - through the valley all day: Went 19 miles and en- camped on the north side. — - Lhursday 25th. We erabarked'and proceeded on at the usual time, in a’ fine morning; we passed a beautiful plain on the north side, and at.2 o’clock we. came to the entrance of another chain of meuntains ; where we took dinner &nd again went on. Passing ‘ through this chain we found some difficult rapids, bit. " good water between them. ‘This chain of mountains ate Not so high, nor so rocky as those we passed be- fore. Six very fine springs rise on the southerty - Shore, about four miles above the entrance of this range. We went 16 miles and eat whe on the ‘horth side. =. " . friday 26%. The mornine was Rine and we conti- nued our course through the mountains. There are some cedar and spruce trees on the shores; bat Wery little of any kind on the mountains. geste 11 o’cloek we got through this range into a Valle About 2 came to’a large island and halted on . for dinnericn A Yrattle-snake came among our canoes in the watery. ef a kind different from any I had seen. It wasabont | two feet long, of a light colour, with small spots all Over. One ee: our hunters went on ahead in Nie’ . Mor ung, and af this place killed 4 deers While’ we? ae remained here it became cloudy and some rain fell, :. ah ‘passed a creek On the south side, and having Boag i8 miles and an half eticamped on the same Side at oe yeere a small mountain comes in to the tayer. es ea bi » 113 a! if he a At 4 C ’clock - we proceeded on thro: Ig) the valley. my e ‘Spi iey 27th. “and hove, (a. est rhe, i bk Pon ween vapid ae hot very, peri ‘Here we + Sy A ee ‘ak fast, and having: proceeded on a mile, came to - another branch of the same size. There is very lit- - tle differetice in the. size of the 3 branches. On the | th ae of the north branch. we found a note. Captain» - Clarke: iad left informing us, he was ahead and had "gone up that branch. We went on to the point, and, _ _ sthe men ‘were much fatigued, encamped in order i, rest’ a day fe) i ee riwd. After we ‘halt ed ee it began eg ; fain and cone three hots. © *cloc thee iY hen is a : beaut tifial va ey at thea a ‘ ms and’a godd deal of timber on the branches, chiefly ~ cotton-wood: + . Also currants, goose and service ber- Rice and ehoak y € ‘Danks: The deer Re: plenty 00; “som of : killed seeeral to day. Ca y saa nd is been $0 all last ene a e a ke was very unwell the oe unde y 2 Q8th. ee this was $a fine peas: lenwere en nove in airing the bagga age, € ressing Skins and %, : Capt. Clarke sull continued unwell. ¢ ae ay Sores us, that it was at this place. she shad | af taken prisoner by: the Grossventers 4 or 5 years | om this valley we | can discover a large moun- won it, towards et ge and « eX- cr ve Le ak 4 ; Ni 9 pa s by the northwest “ ni tren ie ans Mee uaa ‘ “gape the same way. Capt: Clarke is getting » better. | isday soth. We left our encampment at the forks), ‘and proceeded on about 7 o’clock A. M. wp the north branch. This branch is about 60 vate wide and 6 feet deep, with a rapid current. We Passed a number of islands. The valley continued on the south side all this day; but the spur of a mountain, abcut 5 on 6 miles from the forks came in a close’on the north side with very high cliffs of rocks. We encamped where it terminated, haves made 13 “miles and an half. : JOURNAL. ats —« Wednesday 31st. We set out early, and had a fine _ cool morning with dew. Last night Capt. Lewis went on ahead, and the ‘canoes being unable te get Sot er rae, ne jing wilderness. We passed a small creck F the river, through 2 or 3 mouths, on account of its being ‘much dammed up by the beaver, which are rahi Q ‘« Lewis 5 and having made, miles and three’ quar- _ ters, encamped on an island. Thursday 1st August, 1805. We set out’ early iin a fine morning and proceeded on till breakfast time; when Capt. Lewis, myself and the two interpreters | went on ahead to look for some of the Snake Indians. ~ Gur course lay across a large mountain on the north Yo _ side, ‘over whichwe had a very fatiguing trip of about _ 11 miles. We then came to the river again, and “/8 miles wide. At the entrance of this valley, which tes covered with smal ae ing no fresh provisions on Santis: “We crossed > stall creck on the north shore, and enc _ very plenty. At breakfast time we diene up to Capt. ‘Gn to him, he’ was ‘obliged to ehcamp out alone in . apis morning on the south side, which empties into i bushes, but has very little tins, oh Ne t we é killed tWo elk and left the meat for the coaiceey : Tae it ran through a handsome valley’of from 6 to ~ ae - Friday nds The a ... a ; on at ‘SUNTISe, proceeded 4 ne miles and | ie the river. In the middle of th day it ws _ -warm.in ‘the valley, and at night. very cold; s ch i : two blankets: were scarce a sufficient cover- ing. Qt each side of the valley there is a high _ cae range of inc uuntains, which run nearly parallel, with _ i SOTDS spots of snow on their tops. We killed a — deer; went about 24 miles and acs nen! on. ba 4 “south Rides ig ta | ‘Saiurday Srd. A bie cool morning. “We isk: at A note for Capt. Clarke, continued our. route. along the - valley 3 and passed several fine springs that. Issue ny ‘om the mountains. Currants and service berries” Bae are in abundance along. Shs: valley, ond. we rega Aerent ait 22 miles bet encamped. The) y _ Siscrecebly cold? : a ny me “Sunday 4th. At sunrise we continue £.. march, | in a fine morning ; ; went about 6 miles when we. »» eame toa fork of the river; crossed the south mace e and from a high kn ob. : i forked below Us, as wi see ‘the henleak: on the’ x north branch about 6 or 7 miles from the south and. 4 west branches. We therefore crossed to the north — * ‘branch, and ieee it not doetih es sath 2 canoes, © : note for Capt. | ; et ft hand branch. — We ther’ went ‘Up: ‘she novtly Y braach bout 10-malles a and encamped Oia 6 3 her Se ae ay Aung Sth. 5 sie: Capes ewe thought. | of the. interpreters “A igh t be ey; eae to our ¢ of the natweg ics JOURNAL. : | oe A ‘ came upon the derek branch about 2miles above it. _ Here we discovered that the people in the canoes had not found the note, and with great difficulty, had “. proceeded Sor 6 miles up the north branch. In their return down one of the canoes was overturned ; a i knapsack, shot-pouch and powder-horn lost, and all * the rest. of the loading wet. Ce ese down to the forks about 12 o’clock, put all our baggage out to “dry, and encamped for the night. Some hunters went out and killed 3 deer. / Wednesday 7th. We remained here during the forenoon, which was fair and ciear, and where Capt. # ~ Lewis took a meridian altitude, which made the lati- tude of this place 45° 2 53 north. At 3 o’clock in Ms ~ the afternoon, We were ready to continue our voyage. In the evening a heavy cloud came up, and we had *<» hard thunder with lightening and rain. We went on *. 7 miles and encamped on the north side, when the * “weather cleared; and wethad a fine night. The ~>-eahloes came 62 miles and three quarters “while we were out. hursday 8th. We proceeded on early and had ye pleasant morning. The west branch which we went up is about 30 yards avicle, and the south, which we -° passed, about ¥5 yards. Three hunters went by land =... -to day, and at hoon had killed 2 deer and a goat or 7) eabre. “The river is very crooked in this valley. The ~~ = hunters again went out in the afternoon and killed 2” “deer more. Thére are no buffaloe in this part of the — «> country, and ether Bains isnot plenty. Wewent this ale ‘day 19 miles. ae _ We found out the reason why Capt. Clarke did not — ) Set the note left at the point, which was that a beaver had cut downvand drageed off the pole, on peck I ad fixed it. | Terk” Mica: Me ae ae he Mee ees Beet yet) 8 Oe i bo ee Tae ay CONAN he “Pritay 9 9uh. “We set out at sunrise, and Thedt afine — ‘morning with some dew; proceeded on till 9 0 ’clock _ when we halted for breakfast. Here one of the hun- = _ ters came to us who had been out since the morning _ the canoes went up the north branch by mistake, and — © who bad that: morning preceded them by land. Here _ also Captain Lewis and three men started to go on a- 4 oe head ; -and at 10 we proceeded” on with the canoes. — _ The river is narrow and very crooked, and the val- Ney continues about the same breadth. There is some. 4 - timber on the mountain on the south side, and white 4 NG earth or rocks ¢ eppcaltig through the garding Sgn “which had sprung a Jeak and Gaaleed Hes : ‘This moraing our commanding. officers. thought 7 _ proper that the Missouri should lose its” nam O:; j confluence of the three branches we had left on the eS 3 80th ultimo. The north branch, which we went UP, 3 aoe called JerrErson ; the west or middle branch, - “s PARISON: 3; the south branch, about 2 miles up which ~ a a a a beautiful spring comes I in, Gatuatin!-and a small ae _ iver above the Heres Bs called Re ha hk Of the” > i aie oie whith 4 we ean our ice. Bre rer tained the name of JerrEeRson. ‘We went 14 aia 5 ‘and encamped on the south side.. Our two hunter he eed a one ee LT ee sl a tae odes ce ge ee 3 hee Ce ae Bey oh aaa JOURNAL. 119 Saturday 10th. We set out early in a fine morn-. ing, and proceeded on through the valley, until ' breakfast time, when we came to a place where the _ river: passes through a mountain. This narrow pas- $age is not more than a quarter of a mile in length. At the upper’end another valley commences, but not so wide as the one below. There is no timber ~ in the lower end of this valley ; and the river very ~ erooked, narrow, and in some places so shallow, that — we were obliged to get into the water and drag the tanoesalone. At 1 o’clock we halted to dine, when . ashower of rain came on with thunder and lightening, ' and continued an hour, during which some hail fell. Two hunters were out to day and killed but one deer. We.came 13 miles and encamped on the North side. _ »Here the valley begins to be more extensive. ' Sunday 11th. This morning was cloudy and we - did not set out until after breakfast. Three hunters ' were sent out and we proceeded on about 3 miles, _. when we camé to a large island, which is 3000 miles - from the river Du Bois at the mouth of the Missouri.: We therefore called it 3000 mile Island. We took. up the South side of it, and had difficulty in passing. the water being shallow. About 2 some rain fell— ~ saa Our hunters killed 3 deer and a goat. Wewent 14 tiles and encamped on the North side. : _ Monday 12th. We proceeded on at the uspal time, and three hunters were again sent out. A few drops Yofrain fellto day. Our hunters killed 4 deer ; and ee. making 12 miles we encamped on the North Bes 3 a 13¢k. A cloudy morning. We set ont NDS ie ae: q ct a oa ia - x: ees oe eo ae ¥ La | we iid ennly, ens tani water ; . va river being™ ,30ked and narrow, and passed a. ‘stijall creek on th € south : side. The weather was cold during the whale of this” a day. We went 16 miles and spe snnaat in a beauti- y a plain on the South side. — - Wednesday 14th. The morning was eo and cold a ze We embarked after breakfast ; passed a small creek. " s on the north side anda beautiful valley on the same | side. ‘Timber is very Scarce, and only some few g Perce trees alon the river. Our pana came “goats in a part of the country ; 2 one otter a ‘be oi plenty along the river, but no other kind of ga - that we could discover. There are some fish i : river and trout of a large size, and of the black kind. ‘We went 15'miles and encamped on the South side where we had great difficulty in procuring a satin | ay ps, quantity of wood to cook with. | Thursday 15th. We hada fine raorning anidepeo ‘ae , cectied on about 8 o’clock. Having gone 2 miles, © “‘wecumeto the entiance of a mountain, where Captain Lewis and his party on the second day after their de- | a aan had taken dinner; and had left 4 deerskins. . 3 ‘At the entrance’of the mountain there are two bigh ca jillars of rocks, re sembling towers. on each 1 side of | the river. The mountains are not very high. 1d do. hot approach so near the river as some We have pass- ed; they are about a quarter of a m istant, and ‘the river meanders along | between th irough the bushes and is not: more than 20 yards.wide, and about a foot anda half deep. *The water is very cold, and ee and-disa ery to i men; whoare. frequent~: dy obliged to wade g the cahoes. Wev ; : oe ales sis! i the ‘South Sider it °2 . : | i se et out: tillafter ieee rere « ae ‘of the men cwent, out an ‘, 'e ee Ferobgh: anes : Rieke oe ' (ee JOURNAL. 7 T2L titel is very narrow, crooked and shallow. This, morning we passed a place where the hills come close to the river for a short distance, and then open on- each side of a small valley, which, on account of the great quantity of service berries in it, we called Ser e vice-berry valley. We passed over a rapid of about ' # quarter of a mile, and encamped on the South side, oid having come 15 miles. = 2 Saturday \7ih. A fine morning. We proceeded # on about 2 miles, and discovered a number of the ~ » Ratives, of the Snake nation, coming along the bank => on the South side. Captain Lewis had been as far an asthe waters of the Columbia river and met*them = > _ there. Wecontinued on abouttwo miles further to a * “a place where the river forksy and there halted:and - % encampeds.after much fatigue and difficulty. The ue water is*So shallow that we had to drag the canoes; - . ‘one at atime, almost all the way. ‘The distance | “across from this place to the waters of the Columbia” tiver is about 40 miles, and the road or way Said to be good. ‘There were about 20 of the natives came — over with Captain Lewis and had the same number of horses. Here we unloaded the canoes, and had a talk with the Indians ; and agreed with them that they should lend us some of their horses to carry our ; baggage to the Columbia river. | nday 18th. A fme morning. We bought three. | horses ofthe Indians. « Captain Clarke and 11 AEG: aay with our. interpreter and his wife, and all the Ind dians_ co, Set out afl o’clock to go over to the Columbia... ue tere the Indians went for horses to carry our baggages * and wé to search for timber to make canoes for dese: - cending the Columbia. We proceeded up the north” > branch which is tHe largest and fongest branch of "Jefferson: river, through | a handsome valley about 5” / tiles wide. stn this we found a number. of springs : » and small branches, but no timber. © There is pleaer 4 as grass: and clover; and also some e-flax allalong | ite Ke ae JOURNAL. "rhe Indians all except 5 went on "biel We ee | velled 15 miles and encamped close on the branch which is about 5 yards wide. Here we killed two small deer. The country all around is very moun- ~) tainous, with some few pine trees on the mountains, At three o’clock this afternoon there was a violent — gust of wind, and some rain fell. In about an hour’ the weather became clear, and very cold, and continu- a : ed cold all night. “ _ Monday 19th. A fine morning, but eld: We ee proceeded on at 8 o’clock along the valley for six ._” ‘smiles, when the hills came more close onthe branch, - which here divides into three parts or other small "branches, and two miles further the principal branch _ gain forks, where the mountains commence with a Bi eC thick grove of small pines on our left, andlarge rocka ou our right. At 1 o’clock we dined at the head = ‘ spring of the Missouri and Jefferson river, about 25 ; miles” from the place, where we had left the canocs, and from which the course 1S nearly west. About 5 “giles Southof us We saw show on the top ofa moun- " tain, and in the morning there was a severe white _ _ frost: but the sun shines very warm where we now a are. At three o’clock we proceeded on, and at the - foot of the dividing ridge, we met two Indians coming ee to meet us, and who appeared | very glad to see us. oe _ The hee of this nation instead of shals. hangs a / ho tn ee a oe : “of the person : they eahite. | ie is not more than a mile fi igs the head’ spring: of the Missouri to © head of on Dsboush: the mountain ; passed | some ine springs and encamped about 36 miles from our camp, where the canoes are. Here we were met, by a number Of 4 the natives. A Pest Tuesday 20th. ‘* €ne. cool. fr sty morning. : set. out early and travelled about 4 miles, to a vil Indians on 1 the sit mn a branch be the Colu eer & x % \ ; i sh) a i 7) Lt i Uy “ a et | ed we a sas yh Y De Y ye : i, it tN Ries ete ‘ ; yy %) PO ha eee ae are oa 4 ; ge sae gra hy pi ig: es $y, Le. A ers oF aN eae : ee] ie ib He oy dal here are about. 25 lodges pis of willo a They are the poorest and most rn ae oe on Tever beheld ; having scarcely any thing Le on, except berries and afew fish, which they y some means, to take. They have a great ine horses, and nothing more; and on account — thes > they are much har assed by other nations. as hey move about in any direction where the berries — - “are most plenty. We had a long talk with them, ~ _ and they gave us very unfavourable accounts with — - Tespect to the rivers. From which we understood ~ A _ that they were not navigable down, and expect toper- .. 4 form the rout by land. Here we procured a guide, nes ee me our Zoe to Sas on with the eaten . and, ‘ive y. sao ten Sanit ide ast ve ery Pe dup Z _ fiver. aah. our Poste, al a tee about 4: : wide, of a rich soil, but almost. without ti _ Thete are eth mountains on both sides, w We went about 8 miles Be © Canibed 0 on pes spring. One of our men re a eee at the iseg oF to buy ah id ne hee : o e Indians came and ‘ t y* _ They told us that they fe) such | want, | as to | r horses. 2 About 7 0 ’clock i in the morn our journey down fhe valley, and can ges of Indians where our guide lives, . V id here about two hours, during whit ea nutnber of Indians passéd us, going to fis e€ proceeded, on the Ww fe. Indians had gone; id one of our mer with them t to the fishing ae JOURNAL: é bbeam'i is se narrow ; aad continesd on ie a - ground about six ‘miles when we came again. to the _. #iver, where a fine branch flows in, the valley 4 or smiles wide. In this branch we shot’a salmon about ~ _.. ‘6 pounds weight. We travelled 20 miles this day, 4 - and encamped at a place where the mountains come | a close to the river. In the valley through which we > passed and all along the river, there are cherries, -eurrants. and other small fruit. The man who had remained behind at the first village and the other who had gone with the Indians. to their fishing place, both» ia seine ushere. The Indians gave them five salmon: to bring to us: and he that had stayed for a horse, “brought one with him. ‘At his! place! se" Tver: i. 4 about 70 yards wide. — a | ° Thursday 92nd. The morning was fine, ites “great white frost. We began our journey at Pa _ e’cleck ; and having travelled about a mile, crossed Agee of the river. _ Here the mountains come SO » re ns and bid to eroae a very high 1 mountain nabout g rs ee ae then struck the river agalny. where piithiordi berries; haws'and eisptics for winter | food. Wesoon hadito ascend another large ‘moun- tain, and had to proceed in the same way until we - crossed 4 of them, when we came.to aJarge creeks where there 1 isa small bottom and 3 geil of Indi ® hunt, came first upon ‘the lode which eta: alarmed the unhappy natives, who all tell weeping 1 began to run off; but the party coming up with - he guide relieved them from their fears. They- hen received us kindly and gave us berries and fish “to eat. We remained with them about two. hours — ms and gave them some presents, _ Those of the native Hee ho are detached in small parties, appear to live bet- ery and to have a larger supply © of prone, ae Rey > Sane “JOURNAL. | | live. in ‘iaiee uke : pe yple or lodges. have gathered a questi of. sun th-and: loa of the: Jambs- MANGES: | ii a Hs biponitiel a etna of bread ; walk appears le of sustaining life for some time. On this ce, eee ab the fish they. take out of the river r, these © _ people, who: appear to be,the most wretch 1ed of the — - human species, chiefly subsist. They gave us some — ys - _< dried salmon, and we proceeded down the river; but— : i with a great-deal of difficulty : the mountains being — so close, steep and rocky. ‘The river here is about _ $0 yards wide, and a continual rapid, but not deep. Bh ly went about 15 miles to day, and areas on a : stata 3 is “scarce, and we killed nothing sin f but one deer; and our stock | of pi rovisions i is” , - hausted. | eee, Ce Friday 23rd. We proceeded down the river : dreadful narrows, where the rocks were in s¢ Ti sae breast high, and no path or trail-of any. De ie morning we killed a/ goose, and badly wounded _ alarge buck in the water. — ‘One of our sergeants is — - very unwell. We went on 3 3 miles, when Captain Clarke did not think proper to proceed further Pest horses, until he should go aa and ex 1€ e pass So We halted on a small flatt and break. ~ fasted on some fish the natives had given us. oo. . # + tin lesb, our euide, and three men then Mab -. . . Anothe pda who had Krad 8, Or pheasar eae had been sick, Beeisg D ee ae OURN AL. » F toghi | some ‘sine fish in ‘he night. natives. oe - take their fish by spearing them ; jhe pues: ‘ this purpose are poles with bones fixed to the ends. of them, with which they strike the fish. They have > 7 but four guns in ‘the nation, and ‘catch goats and - - gome. other animals by running them down with — horses. The dresses of the women are akind of shifts made of the skins of these goats and mountain© sheep, which come down to the middle of the leg. a Some ofthem have robes, but others none. Some a - the men have shirts and some are without any. Some also have robes made of beaver and buffaloe - . skins; but there are few of the former. Ts saw. one g made of ground hog skins. -. Saturday 24th. We had a pleasant.’ morning and “4 or ' «some of the men Went out to hunt. The riverat © *~ my “this place is so confined by the mountains that i itis not’ | “more than 20 yards wide, and very rapid. The moun- tains on the sides are. not Jess than 1000 feet high and: : _ -werysteep. There are a few pines growing on them.< We. caught some small fish to day, and our hunters. killed 5 prairie fowls. These were all we had to: - subsist om. At 1 o’clock Captain Clarke and his” party returned, after having been. down the river about 12 miles. They found it was not possible to? go down either by land or. water, without much risk - . ‘and trouble. The water is so rapid and the bed jas ' the river so rocky, that going by. water appearedim-. ‘practicable; and the mountains so amazingly. high,. - spand rocky, that it seemed impossible to go along ee by eae Our guide L Piekd of a wey to SEA, c mountains that way, aa shen tpn ae ‘he. : ap th west again. Captain Clarke therefore. WHOLE Ae 2k : ees ae and eee a man te uaa ye “JOURNAL. } | age and there. is. no gemnes oe i We Sek eG early. ona ee a hie args Oe S a the Indian camp, where. they. gav ne o tle dried salmon, and proceeded back risk | e mountains. Seme hunters went on ahead yu "clock we got over the four. mountains; d encampe inthe valley. Twomenwenttohunt, © ad all. the rest’ to fish. We soon caught as many — o ~ gmail fish as. made, with two salmon our guide got ue ee from some Indians, a comfortable supper. At at os ie eur hunters came In and had killed but one beaver, =. 6 7 Monday 26th. We had again a pleasant morning ;.__ 4s a ; and four hunters went on early ahead, and one man cw. to look for the horses. We breakfasted on the bea-- ap ver and a salmon, which-had been saved from | supper — the preceding evening. The man, who had gone oe for the horses, having. returned without finding them), — ae y _-#& 6r 5 more went out, and our guide immediately | L fouthd them. - We then about 10 0 clock, proceeded en to the forks, where we found our hunters ; ta they had killed nothing. So we went up to a small ea x sMlage of the natives, ‘got some fish from them, and lodged there all night. me 7 eee Tuesday 27th. A fine morning at frost : ee as eight of us,went. out to hunt. Tvobserved some flax. growing in the bottoms on this river, but saw ne . clover ortimothy, as L had seen on the Missouri and eo ! river. "Lhere is. a kind of wild sage __hyssop, as high, ‘as a man’s head, full of branches leaves, pee grows | in these bottoms, with, shru baled evening: we Ags came in | iy Gee JOURNAL. ee and I went on to tues upper village; iene. found > Captain Lewis and his party buying horses... ‘I hey oe ~had- got 23, which with 2 we had, made. in the ae whole 25. Ethen returned to our cam Pa distance — of 15 miles, and arrived there late. I found the wea- a ee ‘ther very cold for the season. | . § Thursday 29th. There was a severe white Woot, ts ‘this morning. ‘Captain Clarke and all the men except ae i myself and another, who remained to keep camp and ae ‘prepare packsaddles, went up to Captain Lewis’ sg co camp. WV hile FE lay here today, one of the natives — Be --- shewed me their method of producing fire, which is’ ~ somewhat curious. They have two sticks ready for ‘the operation, one about 9 and the other 18 inches — tong: the short stick they. lay down flat and rub the _ ere - end of the ether upon it in a perpendicular direction. he for afew minutes ; ; and the friction raises a kind of “3 > dust, which ina short time takes fire. These people .*) make willow baskets so close and to such perfection . pies to hold water, for which purpose they make use of them. They make much use of the sunflower ‘and ‘ Lou Galas seed, as before mentioned; which. — with berries and wild cherries pounded together, | aS compose the only bread they have any knowledge, of, -orinuse. The fish they take in-this Piver are of — excellent kinds, especially the salmon, the roes of which when dried and pounded: make the best of © soup. ) me : _ Eriday 30th. We remained here ‘alt day, and in. i? eee an) me :f) ene a hae ae Ze re) ae Se ae e) pment can) © aa Re cP > Be oO rer ro} SBN oe poe 72) aeo aE Gaui8 WG oP poe. | -— ‘pe oo le "ae al ails of our camp, and remained tb there all ll night, being a good. place for OTASS. my gee a Saturday 3tst. They. all came down to: r camps | we proceeded on with 27° horses. wae one mult i d guide after consulting with the rest ¢ aus, thought it was better to go oath si pa of os faa! al ambies than on the super : mile 8 i Hes : vaca: hia Ls pombe : havi : Killed one oer ~The (CHAP. X11. ns } ate.” 5 ae 3 ~) \ ea f a fN a Pe Ist Sept. 1803. We set out yr na» fine morning, and travelled on nearly a west course. \ We found here the greatest quantity and best ser- vice berries, I had ever seen before ; and abundance - of choak-cherries. There is also a small bush grows . in this part of the country, about 6 inches hich, _ which bears a bunch of small purple berries. Some _. eall it mountain holly ; the fruit is of an acid taste. - Weare much better supplied with ‘water than I ex-. a pected ; and cross several. fine springs among the _ mountains through which we pass. At noon some © vain fell, and the day continued cloudy. About the niddle of the day Capt. Clarke’s blackman’s feet be- | _ eame so sore that he had to ride on horseback, At | 3 o’clock we came to a creek, where there was fine — _ grass and we’ halted to let our horses eat. There are "a great number of fish in this creek. After we halted the weather became cloudy, anda considerable quan- tity of rain fell. We therefore concluded to remain where we were all night, havine come this day 18 miles. Our hunters Kil eda deer, and we caught ae ish. ee aK : - Monday ond. The morning was cloudy. We ee | out early; proceeded up the creek, and passed some part closely timbered with spruce and pine. We — * “went on with difficulty on account of the bushes, | the natrowness of the way and stones ‘that injured ‘our horses feet, they being without shoes. In the fore~ n we killed seme pheasants and ducks, and a all squirrel. In the afternoon we had a a ae lof rain, and the. worst road (if road i can be 6 mer that was ever r travelled. T he are ag haus is Bate ee ie if % pa ae ae bas! ie a ee : : c “- e the hills Gene: ‘cious: in upon the toke ut a : thick with standing timber and fallen @ fling f in some. pleases. we were wea to 60 en: ! wn n egain in ordae to get. one at all. In eo- fi ‘up these ascents the horses would sometimes fall ds, which injured them very much; and - one was so badly hurt that the driver was obliged 1 gies eave his load on the side of one of the hills: Inthe «— . as low ground there are most beautiful tall strait pine trees of different kinds, except of white pine. Game is scarce; and a small quantity of dried saimon, which we got from. the natives isalmost our whole ‘stock of provisions. A son of our guide joined us to ; a = and is going on. We went 13 miles and encamp- a ie but. Se | of the men did not come MP till sea os A | Pee Way hy Mey i Bite tpl ane we ieelisied on ‘the Jast ote our salthi Be ae waited their return, Two hunters were sentona- head, and on, ‘the. return of the. two men, who. had A been sent back, we pursued our journey up the creek, which still continued fatiguing almost beyond oe description. - The country is very mountainous and thickly timbered ; mostly with spruce pine. Having gone nine amiles. we halted for dinner, which was pe _ composed of a small portion of flour we bad | ong and the last. of our pork, which was but a trifle t- - Our bunters had not killed any thing. Woe staid “here about two. hours, during which time some rat fell = weather was extremely. cold fort as en went on about 3 miles.over a la » the head of another creek and encan the night. This was noe Se ed to have come. Upon ja 1 Ww Vetncsay 4th. oe consid : fell last night, and the morning was eating a few erains of parched corn, ° 4. SF CIOeR 5 crossed a large mountain ‘an : _ creek a ‘small valley, which were wish d for by our’ - guide. We killed some pheasants on our way, and ~ ee WET ee about to make use of the last of our flour, ‘ibes i gk, So me Med “upon ‘that and proceeded down a. small be ‘a Sages. walley: about a mile wide, with B rich black soil ; in” which there are a ‘great quantity of § ‘sweet roots and ~ herbs, such as sweet myrrh, angelica and several ue ether; that the natives make use of, and of the names. of which I am unacquainted. There is also timothy grass growing in it; and neither the valley nor the es hills are so thickly timbered, as the mountains we - . had lately passed. W hat timber there is, is mostly * + pitch pine. We kept. down the valley about 5 miles, » and came to the - ussapa band of the Flathead nation Cee Indians, or a part of them. We found them en+ 3 eeped on the creek and we ‘encamped with them.* “Thursday 5th, This was a fine morning with a - great white frost. The Indian dogs are so hungry ie and ravenous, that they eat 4 or 5 ed of our mock- — + asons last night. We remained here all day, and / yecruited our horses to 40 and 3 colts; ; and made 4 .- or 6 of this nation of Indians chiefs. Théy are a very friendly. people ; have plenty of robes and skins ‘for: covering, and a large stock of horses, some : of which are very good; “but they have nothing to — ay eat be rey) roots ‘and such. articles of aieat 4 oa » oe a we me (eee ri! 4 nea pete nd Coptatn Clarke | in his ae to : hi nares calls, them : the Oleachshoot band of the Tucknapax. | Tt is. of | no ee great importan = Pas one mois by. Bila name several tribe e and M ~~ says that with nee certain them JOURNAL. 138 ‘This band i is on its way over to the Missouri or Yel- ~ low-stone river to hunt buffalee. They are the whitest dians I ever saw. Friday 6th. A cloudy morning. We exchanged _ some of our horses, that were fatigued, with the na- tives ; about 12 o’clock some rain fell; and we pre- ie ‘pared to move on. At 1 we started, when the In- ‘dians also ‘set out. We proceeded over a mountain ‘to a creek, and went down the creek, our course be- “ ing northwest ; found the count: y mountainous and “poor; and the game scurce. Having travelled about 7 miles we encamped. Four hunters bad been out — to day, but killed nothing; we therefore supped upon a smal] quantity of corn we had yet left. Saturday 7th. We set out early in a cloudy cool -faorning ; and our hunters went on as usual. We _ proceeded down the creek, and in our way we were met by a hunter, who had not come in fast night, and who had lost his horse. We halted at 12 o’clock, and one of the hunters killed 2 deer; which was a subject of much joy and congratulation. Here we remained to dine, and some rain fell. On the south of this place there are very high mountains covered - with snow and timber, and on the north prairie hills. After staying here 2. hours we proceeded on down the creek ; found’the country much the sameas that which we had passed through in the forenoon ; and’ having tvavelled about 20 miles since the morning, encamped for the night. The valley is become more extensive, and our creek has encreased to a consider- able river. Some rain fell in the afternoon, and our hunters killed two cranes on our way. Sanday 8th. The morning was wet, and we pto- ceeded on over some beautiful plains. One of our ~~ honters had remained out all night, at noon we halt- » ed and they all came in, having killed an elk anda deer. At 2 we proceeded on again, and had a cold, i Wet and disagreeable aes but our road or way: - ‘ Ai > owas evel: along the allege ‘ene. ‘aveiiea 4 20 ~ miles, we encamped and our. hunters came in, one - ef whom had killed a deer, and another had caught two mares and a colt, which he brought with him. — Monday 9:h. The morning was fair, but cool; jap we continued our journey down the tiver. ‘The soil of the valley Js poor and gravelly ; and the high snow-topped mountains are still in view on our Eas | Our course genera ly north a few degrees west. Weis. i halted at noon + on our way the hunters had killed sae i - wild geese ; so we have plenty of provisions at pre- i sent. At 2 o’clock we again went forward, and a Vaisicd over the Flathead river, about 100 yards wide, and which we called Clarke’s river; passed through a close timbered bottom of about two miles, and again came into beautiful plains. The timber 4 en this bottom is pitch pine. We travelled 19 ag and encamped on a large creek, which comes | .. from the south. Our hunters this day_ killed $ deer. ™ s Tuesday 10th, We fompiveds here - this a which was clear and pleasant, to ‘let our horses rest, ee to take an observation. At bight our hunters came in, and had killed 5 deer. With one of the hunters, 3 of the Flathead Indians came to our camp- They, informed us that the rest of their band was ~ over on the Columbia river, about 5 or 6 days’ jour- mey distant, with pack-horses 5 ; that two of the Snake nation had stolen some of their horses, and that they were in’pursuit of them. We gave them some presents, and one stayed to go over the moun- tains with us; the other two continued their pursuit. ee Wedneeday 11th, This was a fine morning, ‘and a iat $ Te foie > bee oe? Pa we went out to collect our. horses, in order torenew our journey, and. found all but one. Capt. Lewis hi id ee meridian alata that gave 46° 48 28.8 nor ti In de Phe io ave there are, a _~ . Ps some e distance baeks At 4 0’clock ia the afternoon the horse was found, and we proceeded on up the, -ereek nearly a west course, through small boitoms. We went about 6 miles and encamped 5 when our hunters came in but bad killed nothing. The coun-° | wy is poor and mountainous. Thursday 12th. We started early on our journey ‘and had a fine morning . Having travel) ted 2°> miles. °F we, reached the. mountais which are very steep 5 erg b ut the road over them pretty. a, as itais much ~ travelled. by the natives, w ho come across. to the Flathead river to gather cherries and berries. Gur hunters in a short time killed 4 deer. At noon we halted at a branch of the creek, on the banks of which are a number of strawberry vines, haws. and service berry bushes. At-2 we proceeded on cver a la ge Mountain, where there is no water, and we could fina “Po place to encamp until late at night, when we af- tived at a small branch, and encamped by it, ina. very inconvenient place, having come 23 miles. Friday 13th. A’cloudy morning. Capt. Lewis’s horse could not be found; but some cf the men were left to hunt for him and we proceeded on. When we had gone 2 miles, we came te a most beautiful warm spring, the water of which is caabidonalty above - blend- heat; and I could not bear my hand in it w ith- eut uneasiness.. There are so- many paths leading to and from this spring, that our guide took a wrong one for a mile or two, and we had bad travelling across. till we got into the road. again. At noon we halted. Game is scarce; and our hunters killed nothing since yesterday morning ; though 4 of the best were constantly out, and every one of them furnisied with, a good horse. “While we remsined here, Captain ‘Lewis and the men, who had been left with him, | came up; but had not found the horse, At 2 o’clock — ___ We proceeded on again over a mount tain, and in our 2 — found a deer, which eur hunters had killed and Be JOURNAL. 135. : Capt. seat sent two] ack te at, “pamed over a dividing ri wwe ang: aes ® ye ee as mountain, ree creek, about 30 yards wide, and then. men ae large psa eh on wh ae : to the coldness of he climate onl thes e mol | _ also saw a number of other shru dar ebaeh bear fruit, bat for which I know no names, , et here are. black. a elder and bore-tree, pitch and. spr uce pine ail a ing together on these mountains. Being here una- ple to ‘fn da place to halt at, where our horses could teed, we went on tothe junction of Stony creek, with or ae a a apother lor Le CY eek, which a short distance down be-’ comes a considerablé river, and encamped for the ‘night, as it rained and was disagreezble travelling. The two hunters, that had gone back here joined us: _ with Capt. Lewis’s s horse, but none of the hunters. us "killed any thing except 2or 3 pheasants ; 3; on which, | without a a peitecle it was Rcpamngnarn ~ sakes ees eae y “4 € id " ri ee ind hich ee enaeneele did, and set abeee ‘roasting it; and which appeared to me te be wed igunae This + ty we trave led 17 beget : i JOURNAL. ; iy ae ee te CHAP. XII, eee a ae Suniler 15th. Having breakfasted.on colt, we - moved on down the river 3 miles, and again took the mountains. In going up, one of the horses fell, and ‘Tequired 8 or 10 men to assist him in getting up. again. We continued our march to 2 o’clock when we halted at a spring and dined on portable soup and a handful of parched corn. We then proceeded on coy our journey over the mountain to a high point, where, it beitie dark, we were obliged to encamp. There was here no water; but a bank of snow answered as a substitute ; ; and we supped upon soup. Monday 16th, Last night about 12 o’clock itbegan to snow. We renewed our march early, though the morning’ was very disagreeable, and proceeded over the most terrible mountains I ever beheld. It con- tinued snowing until 3 o’clock P. M. when we halted, took some more soup, and went.on till we came toa small stream where we encamped for the night. Here we killed another colt and supped onit. Lhe snow fell so thick, and the day was so dark, that a person couid not see'to a distance of 200 yards. In > the night‘and during the day the snow fell about 10 hs: inches. deep. Ai . Tuesday \7th. Our horses scattered so much last © e night, that they were not collected until yoon, at _gvhich time we began our march again. It was em o _ fine day with warm sunshine, which melted the snow - very” fast.on the south sides of the hills, and Taade “f the travelling very fatiguing and uncomfortable. We \ - ¢€ontinued over high desert mount AINS5: where oun, at ters could find no game, nor signs of any ex." a bear’s tract whic they observed to aye ‘i : > ae At dark we halted-at a spring on | tain ; ie “killed another | git an é might. ras a ak Se ei Lo, ga ayn ‘Wednesday ‘18h. . Tie’ was a fe es Me morning. All our horses except one Wi ye early: Six hunters went on ahead ; or forthe horse 5. ; and.all the rest of us pro ( Sie bodies, over the mountains, which are ve eh al | Tee Troug! Se About 12 we passed a part where the snow 4a os was, off, and no appearance that much had lately fal- aes Sten? ANS SWE came to snow again, and halted to take - | a€ soup, Which we made with snow \ : ter, asno | 1er could be found. ‘Here the man, who had been. r the horse came up, but had not found him. ae Ye a except o of hills where it has fallen,. the” poe Pe Xountiy, i is closely timbered with piteh and spruce 4 ak ‘ a? ne, and what some call balsam-fir. We can see 4 ‘b ae no -prospe ct of getting off these desert mountains — = “yet except the appearance of a deep cove on each ao side of the ridge we are passing along. We re- ~ ‘a Thai here an hour:and an half, and then proceed- - ed on down a steep ‘mountain, and. encamped ater i travelling 18 miles. We had great difficulty in | ee getting: water, being obliged | to. go half a ee for Sep xt down a very steep precipice. one & Thursday 19th. Our hunters did not. dhe safe Tet | ae “night, which was disagreeably cold. ~ About 8 this ‘ morn ax we set Orit, ‘and ‘preceeded on in our way Naver the. mountains ; s ‘the sub. ‘shining: warm and. 4 pleasant. We travelled a west course, “and. about, ; : wel o’clock halted at a spring to take a little more . -4 ne snow is chiefly gone except on i bsg wnt of the high mowntains.. Ate ie M. we agai went 6 op, anc oe steep mountain in JOURNAL. &, hu fects and was not kithed, nor much hurt: the reason was, that there is no bottom below, and the precipice, * ie che only bank; which the creek has; therefore the * 4 horse pitched into the water, without. meeting with Aas any. intervening object, which could materially injure hhimt. Wemade !7 miles this day and encamped on ‘a small branch of the creek. Having heard nothing from our hunters, we again supped upon some of our portable soup. The men are becoming lean and debilitated, on account of the scarcity and poor qua- lity of the provisions . on which we subsist : > our horses’ féet are also becoming very sore:’ We have, however, some hopes of getting soon out of this hor= - tible mountainous desert, as we have diseovered the ~~ appearance of a valley or level part of the country about 40 miles-ahead. When this discovery was _ om made there was as much joy and rejoiciig among: the corps, as happens among paseneshs at sea, who haye experienced a dangerous and protracted voyage, “when they first discever land on the long looked for coast. .... Friday 20th. It was late before our horses ‘were ae * ~ collected, but the day was fine ; and at 9 o’cleck we ~~ continued eur march. Having proceeded about a mile, we came to a small glade, where out hunters . had found a horse, and had killed, dressed and hang him up. Capt. Clarke, who had gone forward with - . the hunters, left a note informing us that he and they imtended to go oa to the valley or Jevel conn- © try ahead, as there was no chance of killing any — + ‘Zame in these desert mountains. We loaded the y _ Meat and proceeded along the mountains, At noon We stopped and dined, on our horse flesh : here we . @iscovered that a horse, having Capt. Lewis’s clothewil + . and bageage on him, had got into the bushes while?” " we were loading the meat, and was left behind. One _ of the men therefore was sent back, but returned — pe is oes him. Two other. men with a horse ae 2 Ai eee OR Se some beautiful: tall sy pettes tt Righe came on 1 before we ‘got off this: ean see. thitiectity hen” bon « ce pak fo — Saturday Qisc. The morning ee Pies late before we got our horses ce fi 100’ clock we were ready to start 3 “the ridge. with a great deal of diffic: ty a he yu March being much impeded by the fallen’ timber. . great portion of the timber through which we passed along this ridge is dead, and a considerable” part fallen ; and our. horsés are weak and much j jaded. “One of t set vot into a small swamp, and wet a a ‘merchandize. — About 40 Tae ‘in ce afternot on nearly sout hwest. ep his course we suppose | is eee 4% Boot one for us. ‘We went down this creek about a. a il, and encamped on it for the night in a small tich J aaa Here we Aas ¢ a i duck vod two. - uae * ~§ 4 ae, Phe pee did not jolz us this evening br bin men wh Q went to ae sd ag ee ae PE. my re) etic. we coated our ee over a ae & est course, upon the top of which there 1 is a har me small prairie ; where we met one of our ht s mn a eephly of drew berries angen JOURNAL. | qa | “use are made ihto a kind of bread ; which is pres and LAs. “nourishing, and. tastes like that sometimes made of a pumpkins. We remained here about an hour and then proceeded on again, down the ridge along a very TOU gh ways : and in the evening arrived in a fine large valley, i of these dismal and horrible mountains. + “Bere dar tyo 1 men overtook us; who had found the 2! _ Jost horge and clothing, but on their way to us lost ». beth the horses. The Indians belonging to this ‘ nee _band, received us. kindly, appeared pleased to see usy fr and g@ave us such provisions as they had. We were S at a Joss for an interpreter, none of our interpreters a . being able to understand them. Captain Clarke met » us here : he had been over at the river, and found _ the distance 18 miles and a good road from this place. He thinks we will be able to take the water again at the place he had been at ; and where he left 5 hunter's, jo asithere was some game about the riverin that quarter. fis e Monday 23rd. The morning was warny and plea-_ “sant. We stayed here some time to procure provisions from the natives, for which we gave them in ex- change a number of small grercles.” The provisions Which we got consisted of roots, bread and fishi——. Their bread is made of roots which they call comas; — and which resemble onions in shape, but are ofa — “sweet t taste. This bread is manufactured by steam- ing, pounding and baking, the roots on a kiln they. ~ _. ¢ have for the purpose. About 4 o’clock we renewed a ' oun joUrney, and went 2 miles to another small vile ~~ + Tages through a beautiful rich plain, in which theseggi 'PoOts grow in abundance. We halted at the second: lage alimicht and got some more provisions. A- oy at dark a shower of rain. fell. | : Tuesday 24th. The morning was fine, and about “nine o’clack we set forward on our march towards aie, > aoe -f ASS pa Es Aaa ae Oe Se Beh tlie viver, all but oné man who had gone back to look’ : : aN Woes for the pe ses and arab nce that had een at Se * | Yat Sa er Peas! . Tea, bos a 4 14 : “JOURNAL. | ‘to the change of diet. The valley i is fevet and fetes timbered with pine and spruce trees. © “The soil is thin except in some small plains, where it is of the first quality. The adjacent country appears much the same ; except that on the river it is broken. with | hills and some-rocks.. In the valley there are ‘great ; quantities of service-berry bushes. “In the “evening ah, we arrived at the camp of our hunters ‘on a river - about, 100 yards broad, a branch of the Columbia. The natives say it is two days march to the great river. We encamped on a small island. with our hunters who had killed 5 deer, which was a very pleasing circumstance to us; as the Indian proyi- sions did not agree with us. Captain Clarke eave all the sick a dpke of Rushb’s Pills, to see what effect that would have. We found some of the natives chere upon the river fisaine. © ~~ Lang Wednesday 251th. A fine, pleasant, warm morning. The hunters went-out early and Captain Clarke rode out to see if there were any trees to be found large “enough for canoes. The men in general appear to be getting much better; but Captain Lewis 1s very sick and taking medicine ; and Myself and two or _three of the men are yet very unwell. The climate here is warm ; and the heat to day was as great as we hadexperienced at any time during the summer. “The water also is»soft and warm, and perhaps causes our — indisposition.- more than any thingeise. Inthe evelling Captain Clarke returned to camp, having discovered saan piace about 5 or 6 miles down the river, where: a tha Jarge Branch comes in on the north side that will | furnish timber. large enough for our purpose.” Our funters alsocamein, and had killed othing butasmall / 23) panther anda pheasant. | "Phe man who brag peniain- ~ ed at the first village came up. | - Thursday 26th. Vhe morning owas fags and a 9 me o'clock we lelt our-camp ; proceeded down tie river i about 5 miles to the forks ; and pines our ra in 5 #es " ss wey ae ae ae ¢ . fae Se SOAS AE. eee eT Vite sae JOURNAL, ° 343 nd encamped close to us, for the purpose of fishing’ - ot while We were eNcamping we saw a small raft . ming down the north fork loaded with fish. There as ea i A be akind of sheep.in this country, besides % ve Ibex or. mountain sheep, and which have wool on. . saw some of the skins, which the natives. had, ~ with wool four inches long, and as fine, white and soft i as any I had ever seen. I also saw a buffaloe robe ~ with its wool or fur on-as fine and soft as that of bea- wer. Captain Lewis procured this, which we con- ' robe. . eS This band of the Flatheads bite a great many ame Se i beads and other articles, which they say they got’ : _from white men at the mouth of this river ;, or where _thesalt water is. They havea large stock of horses. ” “Their _buffaloe robes and other skins they chiefly pro- eure on the Missouri, when they go over to hunt, as -there are no buffaloe in this part of the country and - very little other game. The most of the men of this band are at present on a war expedition against some nation to the northwest, that had killed sonre of their ‘ Sy x Shik } 4 aes 5 5 , Pre! is ee j he ae . pt % < -« ae . : mr u a k ! Sy : ‘ at be he i 4 r 1g + 2 ; i han sliecien é small bottom opposite the point. A. qumber of the’natives came down in small canoés, - sidered a curiosity, in exchange tor another buffaloe people ; as we understood in our imperfect commus ‘nications with them. We arranged our camp and ; made preparations for making canoes. Friday 27h. A fine warm morning. All the men, » who were able were employed in making canoes. About 10 o’clock the man came in who had g@ne to ~ ees +» Yeok for the horses,.he had found one of them and ~ - killed adeer. I feel much relieved from, my indis- wit position. ‘Toe the evening the greater part of the war pare or ame in} and some of the principal men camé:down ~~ _. fo our camp. -.We-could not understand what they re ‘* had done, as we could only converse by signs. ” Mes cae “ were even by the ¢ Commanding Omer to3 or Be dal them as wees men ner es I pe > yemainad about our camp. ‘The river : ” : is about 200 yards wide ; the water is Nee? tally, from 2 to 5 ar deep, and ee ne ee ‘stony. and the atike chiehiys 3 | Bh yn species of atone, oo 8 ee ae, Aaawiabiee 28rh, We had ¢ a jplesieapi ee mo e rnin ee a Se Gane is very § scarce, satus our he nters unab f to kill . any meat. We are ‘therefore obli zed to. live on fish ~~ and roots, that we procure from the natives; and © re which do’not appear a suitable diet for us. ‘Salt also | a ds scarce without which ‘fish is but poor and insipid. 4 Our hut ts killed nothing to day. | * Sunday 29th. A fine day 5 all our hunters went out, 2 : and. he men able to work, were employed atthe — Canoes. At noon two of our hunters came in with 3 deer 3 ™ Psight to the most of us. Five | E or ‘six of the men continue unwell. Re ee Monday 30th. Vhe weather continued pleasant ; e ih anid our hunters killed a deer, 9 > ae ae guests Ist Octr. 1805. This was a fitie pleasant a arm day. All the men are now able to work 5 ts she ; 25 jalbidr, we tive adoptad the Indian 5 meth tho ie ghia out the canoes. 3 me Padaatiniee os 2nd. Two men were sent the e| 7 ‘th dian o ne i ‘kil eiBagts for us to the ¥ dian provisions should illed « one of our horses. ee nubseioe on. And least. =e essere with: Us we a , s ra | 4 Pio thes bin setutttal eich a el "1 supply of - Srerede agehs natives have. : ens | ~ JOURNAL. gt a de a St RS 5th. Having got athe well forward th ae canee’making, we collected all our horses and - branded, them, in order’ to leave them with the In- __ dians, the old chief having promised that they should ~ be well taken care of. In the evening we got, two of our canoes into the water. ” ‘During the sixth most of the hands were e engaged cos at. the: other canoes ; and We buried our’saddles and _, Some ammunition. The morning of the seventh was © pleasant, and we put the last of our canoes into the water ; loaded them, and found that they carricdall . our baggaee with convenience. We had four large ones; and.one smail ene, to look ahead. About 3 o’clock in the afternoon we began our voyage down the river, and found the rapids.in some places very dangeroys. - One of our canges sprung a leak, We therefore halted and mended her, after: going” twenty wailes. The hills come close on the river’ on both sides; where there are a few pife trees. Back from the river the tops of the hills, toa great distance : are prairie land ; and the country level. Tuesday 8th. At 9 o’clock in a fine morning we continued eur voyage down the river: passed thie: ss tslands. and several rapids ; and at noon stopped atti some Indian lodges, of which there are a great many Y along:the river.” At 2 we proceeded 6n again. Iii : Oe evening; in. passing through a rapid, I had mp’. go -anoe stove, and: BS: ee tas fs) . ns =i eye ey we! a yh JOURNAL. ae Paules: Here we got : more fish and-dogs. Most of “our people having been accustomed to meat, do not -yelish the fish, but prefer dog meat ; whith, when a wwell cooked, tastes very well. Here we met-an In- _ «dia of another nation, who informed us we could get to the falls im 4 days: which | se me are not very high as the salmon come above them in abund- eeoalce.. The country om both sides.is high dry prairie plains without a stick of timber. There is no wood ~. of any kind topbe seen except a few small willows ' along the shore; so that it is with difficulty we can pet enough to cook with) The hills on the river are ~ mot very high, but rocky; the rocks of a-dark colour. _ ‘Yhe bed and shores of the river are very stony ; and the stones of a round smooth kind. ) Saturday 12th. We had a fine morning and pr + ceeded on early. Two of the Flathead eek Yo- mained on board with us, and two of their men went -with the stranger in a small canoe, and acted as pilots or guides. We saw some ducks anda few geese, but “did not kill any of them. There is no four-feoted ‘game of any kind near this part of the river, that we could discover; and we saw no birds of any kind, but a few hawks, eagles and crows. At noon we halt- ed, cooked and eat some fish and then proceeded on. ” The country and river this day is much the same in appearance as what we passed vesterday. A litle: before sunset we came to a bad rapid, which we did ~~ not wish to pass at night, so We encamped above on; -" the north side, having made 30 miles. oa Some of the Flathead nation of Indians live all : along the river this far down. There are not more. than 4 lodges ina place or village, and these small _ €amps or villages are 8 or 10 miles apart: at each ee eamp there are $ or 6 small canoes. Their summer® — Jodges are made. of willows and flags, and their win- | wer lodges of split pine, almost like rails, which they Fao =e * got my over s nea vanore ; bad rap ae Thad jotue Po! noes safe. o Reak the Weather cee ibe it ee ee alr es “bide. ye Ne - Monday. 14h. ‘ooo! 1 mer BHA 5 saw ee eke ance f the ducks. Al e I @ : , and «part of her s aber’ ai f fe nf thi ings f ear out. With the assistance eof the oth " x ake: was fe ny some aha srardilonte; : We halt- ‘ nora an island to dey the bégueury having ¢ me 14 al vantities oF Sah Moot onthis ir clock P.M. we got all oureffectson = tot Passed down a beautiful and killed some geese and ducks. hie river in yoda is very handsome, excephaey< the rapids, where it is. risking both lite and property — ‘to D pass ; rs and even. _these ect? bes when the bare view — distinct from the advantages — e of havigation, may nde: to s beauty, by interposing — Pcs, and scenes of romantick grandeur where there i is so much uniformity in the appearance of ‘the country. We went 18 miles this evening and halted _ at an old Indian camp on the north side, where we had great difficulty in procuring wood to cook with, “as none | at all grows in this partofthe country. SS me be Sa ore sic a ARG: star thoni ean nN. Ny yan Shani are so me tiuciesy! 4 ave a-constant and plentiful supply of tha also on his return states, under: the 1 of August, that the salmon int} were driving up the current 1 yater, seemed to be. covered: : Laat ‘unloading anirher canoe and sending it it to her ice. | ance, we got all safe to land, and then continued our — . voyage. r .bout 1 o’clock we. came to another rapid, where all hands carried a load of the baggage by land about a mile, and then t ok the canoes over the ra- \ pids, two at a time, and in that way. we got them all down safe and proceeded on. Having gone 21 miles we arrived at the great Columbia river, which comes. a 8 from the northwest. tyoWe found here a number — © Rett “of natives, of whose nations we “have not yet found out the names. 9 We encamped on the point between — 29 : the two rivers. The country all round is Aereh, Fish” i by and benmtitel, but betas timber. Late See Me < ae 3 a 4 be + ‘The size, course er Be of this great. river, - seem to confirm beyond a doubt the opinion of Mr. WKen. ‘§ zie, who supposed that the- large Tiver, into which the. braach he descended. on the west’ “side of the Rocky Moun- ; JS 2iN8, having its source in these mountains near that tei qi. the | “Unjigal or. Peace” river, ‘discharges. its waters n= : ’ _ to the large river in latitude about 54° north, and longitude: 422° west from London, or 47° west from Philadelphia. > was the Columbia. The information he obtained from the. ** “¥ndians respecting this river before he left the Unjigah Wah ce _ that it was a large river and ran towards the mid. day: cS) ‘ “sun; eat did not eapedd itself ae eee This s opinion pore o>) s ing. itself into. thes sea, “must hoes arisen chieBy covthey had heard of its course, which is east of. “agarly parallel to the coast of the bE nae ot ant oe it ere to m0. in th a di Sas”, oe sun ; s ad He at its apes ae thera C ge a pe seen informed, white people were building houses. — Mr. | M’ Kenzie having descended the river gone. distance, , _vailed on a chief’ to delineate a sketch of the country large piece of bark ; in which he described the river as vig oka.” to the east of south, receiving many ivers, a _ . six or eight leagues, encumbered with falls and rapid m “i of them very dangerous and six impracticable. — Her ei sented the carrying places a as of pres ite = wae: Bue JOURNAL, 151 - Phursday 170k. We remained here all day forthe a4 jurpose of taking an observation. We got a’num- er of dogs from the natives. Salmon are very ney but poor and dying, and therefore not fit for provisions. In the plains are a great many hares and a number of fowls, between the size of a phea- * gant and turkey, called heath hens or grots. We _ Killed a great many of these fowls which are very ve good eating. The small river, which we called - Flathead and afterwards Clarke’s river, is a branch ~ of the Great Columbia, and running a northwest course, falls into it a considerable distance above this place ; we therefore never r passed the mouth of that river. The Columbia here is 860 yards wide, and the _Ki-moo-ee-nem (called Lewis’s river from its junc- tion with the Koos-koos-ke) 475 yards. They are both very low at this place.“ Our course since we 's took water has been a few degrees south of west: i: zee the Columbia turns to the. east of south. = _ friday \8th, This was also a fine day and we re- ae ; ‘mained here till after 12 o’clock. In the forenoon Seema « we es: other tribes in succession who spoke different languages. . ~ Beyond them he knew nothing of the river or country, only _ that it wasistill a long way to the sea; and that, ashe had heard, there was a lake before they reached the water, : ‘which the natives did not drink. 4 on *‘ The more I heard of the sive says Mr. Mi’ Kenzie, M, ** the more I was convinced it could not empty itself into the _ cean to the north of what is called the river of the West, 4 _ so that with its windings the distance must be very great. 8 It is not improbable that the distance by water, from the i Tacs Mr. M’Kenzie struck this river, to its mouth h. (suppo- PM ea: ing it to be the Columbia, Oregan or Great river of the ae West) is. upwards of 1000 miles, and its whole course from Mein Source 1500; By the lake mentioned by the Indian-chief “18: N10. doubt meant the bay at the month of the Columbia, Te ‘y and. wide part of the river where the ie water ascends ang ne » Ponders the whole unfit to drink. | oyer hills and mountains.. He depicted the lands of “itt "e “specimens ie the pee. of the natives, » “there be- ing three, or ‘part of three, different nations. here. They are almost without clothing, ‘having no cover-— an ing of any account, except some deer skin robes and “afew leggins of the same materials. The’ women - have scarce sufficient to cover their nakedness.— ‘Capt. Lewis had an observation’at noon, which gave 46° 15 13.9 north latitude. on down the Great Columbia, which is a very beau- _ -tiful river. The course is something to the east of " ‘south for about 12 miles and then winds round toal- | most a west course. We passed some islands and _. . a number of the camps of the natives, which appear i to be very shy and istant._ We went 21 miles and | halted close below an Tndian. ‘camp ; ; where . -they~- have thirty ‘canoes 5 and a great. ge agp of dr ied : 4 3 : one we proceeded Md vs ciel. | ee te i Saturday 19th. The poring was.clear. and plea. a ‘sant, With some white frost. A number of the na- _ ‘tives: came to our camp, and our ‘Commanding Off- y cers presented one of them with a medal and other 7 small articles. At 8 0 eee we preceeded on; pass- __ ed some islands and bad rapids, but no accident hap-. | pened. We also passed a great many Indian camps. . -In-the whole country around there are ‘Ol ily level _ plains, except a few hills on some parts of the ri ae We went 36 miles and halted opposite a large In camp; and about thirty-six canoe loads of them cam a over to see us; some of whom remained. all night 5 : but we could not have much conversati as we did not understand their language. — ‘They are - . ‘¢lothed much in the same manner with those at the ; rs forks above. The custom prevails am In- ‘dians of burying: all the property. ¢ with the body. Amongst these’ Sava as of them bgt his me aa eke ee AID a ee me aris a Seist o oe i * JOURNAL, — 158 ether property are all interred: even his canoe is seen it into pieces and set up round his grave. -~ Sunday 20th. A fine clear frosty morning. We set out early; passed along a handsome part of the Piver; sa some pelicans and guils. And as the _ shores are lined with dead salmon, there are a- “bundance of crows and ravens. Vast quantities of these fish die at this time of. the year. At noon we came to.an Indian camp on the point of.a large island, where we stopped and got some fish and other provisions: We here saw some articles which shew- ed that white people had been here or not far distant during the summer. They have a hempen seine and ae some ash paddles which they did not make them- selves. At 1 o’elock we proceeded on again, went 42 miles, and’ encamped without any of the natives being along, which is unusual on this river.. We could not get a single stick of wood to cook with’; : and had only a few ena green willows. early hour, and hada fine morning. At 10, we came ~ to the lodges of some of the natives, and halted with them about 2 hours. Here we got some bread, made of asmall white root, which grows in this part of the Sage: So country. We saw among them some small robes “made of the skins of grey squirrels, some racoon _ skins, and acorns, which are signs of a timbered = * country not far distant. Having proceeded on again, - “dMonday 21st. We continued our voyage at an “we passed several more lodges of Indians; and- through two very rocky rapid parts of the river with "great difficulty. We went 32 miles and encamped at some Indian lodges, where we procured wis from _ aes natives to cook: with. | Tuesday 22nd. ‘The morning was fine and we went on early, and saw a great number of ducks, geese and gulls, At 100 clock. we cumte to a large island, where _ the river has cut its way .hrough the point of a high hil Opposite to this isjand a large river comes in Qin Me re te Bist 2 “ Hhe ssiath sage. called ve te ere _ or Snake-Indian river ; and which ha ~ close to its mouth. T thtse: or the Ki-moo m, the same river, ‘whose head waters we ‘saw. at the ug Snake nation. = a ie ABA TAS 5 The natives are very. numegpus on a thie island ent , , . all along the river. Their lodges are of bulrushes — eo ee flags, made into a kind of nets and formed into. vahbutorlodge. Pe ey eke About 3 miles lower ee we. came to the first 5 falls or great rapids; and had 1300 yards/of a a port- age over bad ground. All our baggage was got over this evening and we encamped with it} but are not certain whether we can.take our canoes by water. 3 _ Our: voyage to day, t to th e head of the rit or. falls ‘wab 18 miles. 2. ee ae 3 Wednesday 23rd. Se plcaciat day At. 9 ° ‘clock in the forenoon all hands, but three “tele to keepcamp, — - went up and took the canoes over to the south side ; pitad as the natives said that was the best side of the river | m - take them down. Here we had to drag them 450 yards round the first pitch which is 20 feet perpendi= 4 cular. We then put them into the waterandletthem —_— ral the rest of the way. by cords. The whole . 4 height of the falls is 37 feet 8 inches, ina distance of 4 2200 yards. In the evening we got all our catioes ~ - safe down to the encampment on the north side. — a (he nativesare very numerous about th ills, as” 4 - itis agreat fishing place in the spring of the year. —_ ae Phe country on both sides of the river here is high, Ss oe Sand, the bluffs rocky. Captain Lewis ‘had an obser- ae -epeataeia, which made the latitude of this place 45° ae 1 ie 5%.-3. North. - We got several dogs from : ~ dians, which we find strong wholesome | high water mark below the falls is 48 fee : 4 10 feet. four inches from the surface ter: so that in high water there is nothing giandt the salmon’ can ee Ld without dite F wane De oe Bors me the breat Pech ‘he appearance “of sis seriygy with vast fener! ane the river: ee et aS 24h. We had a fine morning md pres ee a ceeded on early ; found the water very rapid bie oe Cae ~~ the falls ; and having gone 4 miles below the narrows, — : came toother narrows still more confined and the rocky. ne higher. At the head: of these narrows we ‘lcd ms about 20’clock at a great Indian village, and remained i there. all night. We got fish and dogs from the na- oa tives, and some berries, different from any we got be- ~~ fore -some.call them cranberries ; whether of the ; real kind. or not 1 am not certain, In our way down _ to day we saw a great many sea otters swimming in e the river, and killed some, but could not get them as- ‘they sunk to the bottom. This village has better — _ ledges than any on the river above ; one story of — : _ whichis sunk under ground and lined with flags mats - ‘The upper part about 4 feet above ground is “covered er. over swith ceca sie a sree are. Terni ao com= ‘gage oe lands, abfut tice omnes ah a aniley id then took the canoes over, one at a time. — In ver one of them filled with water, on account : re detained three hours. The rapids — or. 4. miles, when the river became more 1 ight we came toa place where thereis lerable juantity of timber on the hills ; both aegis Nites and, asad peatee at the mouth of a ere ae | has epites Abou: here sth or ea oa we | . ee a “will kill us. “We ‘uschidler ‘betes ~~ of dried pounded fish; which they had prep s that way for sale. They have six scaffolds of ch ii _» size for the purpose of drying their fish on. As ENG ee Saturday 26th. A fine morning. We | sited up © all our canoes to dress and repair. them, as they. ee z : Ane been mye in passing over the pertage, round the i . falls. . Some hunters went out and killed 6 deer © i ~ and some ‘squirrels. In the afternoon about 20 ofthe Adee came to our camp (among whom were the ~ head chiefs of the two villages. about the falls). whe - had been out hunting when we passed down. The _ we: _ Commanding Gfficers gave medals to the chiefs,and _ =); Some other. small articles >and they: aypeaten: Satie : _ fed and some remained with us all. Might oe ae Sunday 27th. This was a fine clear morning, ‘but 4 tons ‘the wind blew very hard up the river,and wé remain- ~~ _. edhere all day. This is the first hunting ground we | have had for a long time, and some of our men went ~ out. Partof the natives remained withas; but we - eannot find out to what nation they belong. We _ @uppose them to be a band of the Flathead nation, as all their heads are compressed into the same form ; - though they do not speak exactly the same language, ~ but there is no great difference, and this. may be a dialect of the same. ‘This singular. and de forming _.. @peration is. performed. in infaney. in the fol lowing r _ manner. Apiece of board is placed against the back of: the head. extending from the shoulders some. distance above it; another. shorter piece extends: 3 from: the eye brows ‘to the top of the first, and ‘they are then bound together with thongs or cords made ef skins, so.as to press back the forehead, ae head rise at the top, and force it out above In the evening our hunters came’ in and had deer and some squirrels. ‘ ‘The wind. blew | ss ? __ this day. igi Oe oe we ae ae Brame i 28th, Just before : ay High there we ee on aE 3 noun Ly a ate habed at asmall een i a, natives and 6 gol some dogsfrom them. Here we stayed aboutan; _. hour and proceeded on. again for about a mile, w hen ‘Ka ; oak owe were compelled to stop’ on account of the windy, © sawhich blew so hard ahead that we were unable te, © » continue our voyage, In the course of the, day there ~ were some showers of rain. .In the evening one of athe men went.out aie kiitled afine deer... We-were in AG 8 a good safe harbour and remained there all nigdit, ac- ete all _ companied by the natives. 0 Wuesday 29th. We embarked early _ in & clauay | » Mhorning; passed high hills on both sides of the rivers on which there was pine timber ; andsome birch on the banks of the river. “At. breakfast time. we stopt at emiall village of the natives and purchased some more dogs; then proceeded on; passed a number more Andian camps, end a high mountainous country om _ both ‘sides. » In the evening we discovered a high _- meuntain to the south, not more than five miles off _. , eovered with snow. We have here still water; and ‘the breadth of the river is from three quarters toa - mile. We went 23 miles and encamped ata small _ village of the north side. ee Wednesday 30th, The morning was. cloudy ; the eae - ¥lver and country we found much the same as YOS<) si ” terday. At noon we stopped to dine and one of the — paar / _.men went ont and killed a largebuck. A numberof — oe ih gomean come down the hills on the South side ; _ and we passed a small river on the north. In the : * €\ vening we came to the head of falls, where there is ala e Indian village... On cur way down we saw a at Many swans, geese and ducks; and a number _ of'sea otter. 2 here are some small bottoms an oo ‘the rivey some wikice. pak ash pa iocichyt, art a | ace there are ponds which abound. with geese a, : O Ud Wy Oy - ae ‘ i. | yt nS, ; a aN ee RE : y fe! ate a y A ae Ny a ie aes “158 z , moo and ducks... Tt rained hard alld ay es ey, 15 miles. - ( Pha uts ‘Thursday ei Ry eed he: mobniue was clot ly. We | s “Uiatolided™ our canoes and took thém past ‘the: rapids, m4 an some part of the way by water, and some over rocks Sor 10 feethigh. It was the most fati tiguing business we have been en eaged in for a long time, and we got but two over all day, the distance about a mile; and. the fall of the water about 25 feet in that distance. ~ a Friday lst ov. 1805. We had a_cool poss - morning. We carried down our baggage before breakfast as we could not go into the water, without - ‘wneasiness on account of the cold. In the forenoon pe _ we took down'the other two canoes. A numberef —— ‘ ‘the natives with 4 ‘canoes joined us here from above. Their canoes were leaded with pounded ‘salmon, “) « awhich they were taking down the river to barter: for _ beads and other articles. © Saturday 2nd. ‘Vhere ts here weit rapid Bales “the falls, where the men had to carry part of the bag- = gage across a portage of two miles and an half, whe the rest took down the canoes. At 12: o’clock we - proceeded on again ; passed a narrow rapid part ee ae ‘the river of about 8 miles, the hills on bothsidesare very high, and a number of fine springs flowing out ~~ of them, some of which fall 200 feet. perpendicular. — _ The hills are mostly solid rock. On our way we 4 ge passed two Indian ledges. At the end of eight miles, | j i: “the river opens to the breadth of a mile, with Becntle eurrent. We came 23 miles, and encamped ata _ “high peak resembling a’tower on the south oe a ‘The country here becomes level, and theriver broad-. er. One of. Wie Indian canoés remained with us and — _ the other three went on. On our way and at ¢ amp A; om we killed 17 geese and brants. ou ri . Sunday Srd. The morning was fogey : : one 2 * tygen went out ‘and killed a fine buck. “Ato v a - eeeded a | be t. us hot see Ane sore Ww oR % 3 y= A . f'the re wii was very thik © it disappeared, and we had a beautiful — that time came to the mouth of a se ; than. 6 or e dachde: deep, running over a. and. At this place we dined on venisot % 9 and from which. we can see the high , ion | aes. us. | “Ont Coaaiaastn Officers. are of opinion thatit is} Mount Hood, discovered by a Lieuten WES ant of Vancoover, who was up this river 75 miles, T] river that falis in. here has two. mouths, through whic - it drives out a considerable quantity of sand into the _ Columbia. Opposite the lower mouth there is a_ - handsome island. At 2 aes we proceeded On. oe | . and passed another island. The country, on both — ee sides: appears level: and elowety timbered : on the tis oe ~ ver the timber is cotton wood, maple and some ash 5 i anc: back. from it. mostly, spruce pine. We made. 1s ag miles; and encamped on a large island, in whichis a Poa pond full of swans, geese and ducks. On oun, > "way and here we killed some ofeach kind. At night, ; Captain Lewis had a small canoe carried over to the ee in order to hunt by moon light, byt the party ~ did not happen to have good eens an piled ) a swan n and. three ducks. ; ry: ? oe Siphiecb 4th. & fine trong We embakek - s@arly ; passed two large islands, and a beautiful part” a -eftheriver. ‘The tide raised the water last night a Beet.” We went about 7 miles and came toa large. > Indian village, where they informed us that intwo » days we would come to two ships with white people -. inthem. The Indians here havea great.deal of new _ sloth among them, and other articles which: a got from these s ships. We got'some dogs and roo from the natives. The roots are of a superior quali-_ - $y to any had before seen + they are called whapto 3. Peres. “esemble a potatoe: when cooked, end are about ag a Peay ee “eras apa Hen eee. Game is more: plenty. nere tha - upthe river, and one of the men killed a deer thie “morning. “At this camp of the natives they have 52 - ganoes, well calculated for riding waves. We pro-. : eceded on, and passed some handsome islands, and : down a beautiful part/of the river. We also. passed a | 1 number of Indian lodges ; and saw a great many swans, geese, ducks, cranes, and gulls. We went. 28 miles and encamped cn the north | side. In the evening we saw Mount Rainy on the same side. | Is ~Gsa handsome point of a mountain with little or no Ms “timber on it, very high, and a considerable distance ig . tt this place. « ., ' a ae Tuesday 5th. We embarked very. ways Was a ree ne pain felllast night about 2 o’clock, and the morning | a Ds Mags cloudy. We passed several handsome i ae Bea tice near the shore, on the one side or the ~ Of the ri The country on both sides is. Or ae 2, covere eich 6 cotton my avoouk: ecu anik the Lie con sofwood. We passeda great many Indian 5% 3a their lodges made chiefly of poles and cedar - bark, “Att noon we bteek deat about z an hour at : an island, ; and a swan. oT hired of the aut! were quite w j except the points of their wings, which were te ie a We proceeded on in the afternoon, during which — ‘some rain and a little hail fell ; went 31 milés and — a encamped on the north side. “Here the tide rises and Oe ie “falls 4 feet. ae _ ss Wednesday 6th. ‘We set out early in a eet ~ :morning“after a disagreeable night of rain. Sawa number of the natives, going up and down the river in canoes. Also passed.some of their lodges. — ‘The ¥ndians in this part of the country have but few honey “their i intercourse and business being chiefly by water. ‘The high land comes more close on the river in this i “pare. Having gone 29 miles - we Seep EE on the ” : “south: Sule Re RSE - Thursday “th. We set out again early i in a tower - morning : ; went about 6 miles and came to an Indian — camp, Where we got some fresh fish and dogs. The _ dress of the squaws here is different from that of those _ up the river; it consists of a long fringe made of © soft bark, which they. tie round the waist, and which comes down almost to their knees ; 3 and of a small ‘rebe,. made out of small skins cut mto thones and — ~ -vove somewhat like carpetting. We remained here _ - about.2 hours: and then preceeded on. At this place a a ‘the river is about Smiles wide, with a number. of i a “small islands, and the OUT EHY | broken. Inthe even- ee ing we came 1 toa part of the river, where it is 5 miles oad. We. went 34 miles and rip Lie: on Doe side at the mouth ofa fine spring. — “hte We embarked siba iced | Ene | CD ave Shaan ae a ates ts BS Palace ne waves so sen we coud eo no other w oe We halted and dined at a point on the north side of. the bay where a small river comes in. We again proceeded on coasting, till we came to a point of land where the bay becomes much. narrower; and the cwater quite salt. ‘The waves here ran so high we were obliged to lie to, and let the tide leave our ca- : - ‘hoes on dry ground. This point we called Cape Swell ; and the bay above, Shallow Bay, as phere a ‘is no great depth of water. In crossing the bay when the tide was out, some of our men got sea sick, the _ swells were so. great. In it there are a great many - swans, geese, ducks and other water fowls. The oa ~ whole of this day, was wet and disagreeable ; and the - distance we made, i in a straight Jine, was nhot.more than 9 miles ; though ae dsteape we. coasted was. “above 20 miles. : : 1 2 Saturday Oth. “The morning was windy, | vainy and a - disagreeable, and we were obliged to remain at CDG. oe _. Swell all day and unload our canoes to prevent them 4 - > from sinking 5 notwithstanding some of them dik - *sink when the tide came in at noon. We had no- - fresh water, except what rain we caught by putting . | out our -yeSsels. We remained here all ee and. ' . , § q the rain. ‘continued. . : Sunday \0th. ‘We had a rainy. morning, but. the 4 etd was not so high as it had been yesterday ; and. we set out from Cape Swell, coasted along for 8 miles, . passed some high cliffs of sandy rocks, and then: “<4 : came. to a-point ; where we found the swellsso high, othe wind having risen, that we could not- proceed: so we - had to return back about a mile to geta safe: harbour. _ Here we dined on. some paved salmon, that. we bad a ee After ¥ we had been ree suouto 2 hours, it pecaniins ~ ealm and we loaded the canoes again, but get Found the Pon | the swells ) were ce ae Be. ese : pen thie: had. been beat up by the tide. ay raed vhard all night and was very disagreeable. _ While en our ae) down to” day we saw some porpoises, sea eI a he water i is” “be~ . 2 come very salt. ee ee Pe Monday vith. “The ‘morning was wet “ue ae ~ wind still blowing, so-that we could not proceed ; Wey 4 therefore built. large fires and made our situation as_ comfortable as! possible, but still bad enough, as We _ have no tents, or covering to defend us, except our blankets and some mats we got from the Indians, which we put on poles to keep off the rain. Itcon- "tinued raining and blowing all day ; and at 4 0 ‘clock. ‘ =~ in the afternoon the tide was so high that we had to’ _ Teave our lodges, until it got lower in the ‘evening. ‘Some of the men went about 40° perches” Ane ie i - siver and caught | I5finelarge fish. ‘ - Luesday. 12¢4. A cloudy wet morning, after: a ‘tere " ae night of rain, hail, thunder and lightening. — a We thought it best to move our camp, and fixed. our~ _ ¢anoes and loaded them with stones to keep them, down. We went about the eighth of a.mile from: ~ this place, and fixed’ ourselves as well. as we could, _. and: remained all night, “Phe raiz still continued, a the river remained very rough. e Wednesday A Sth. This w gsanother disagreeable i rainy day, and we remained at camp being unable to getaway. At 90 ‘clock i in the forenoon it becam 1e a e C2. n that palaeeks | and 5 3 > men took a is te ik pan ey. et if they we ere gone. 2 Ww oe e poet ia yer) % ae ; ‘ i | , 4 ae we are Weretore: obliged to lie ig gh iy! ain one - ef the 3 men who had gone in” the canoe, returned — haying broke the lock of his gun: buttheothertwo went on by land, as the swells ran so high ‘that _ they could not possibly get the canoe along. About + the same time some Indians in a canoe came up the: | * river, and. had stolen a gig from the men 5 but the > ene who returned got it from them again when he *. © . came up. In the evening Captain Lewis with4men = _ - “started by land to see if any white people were to be: _ found. The rest remained in camp ; and the wea- is Bher continued wet, and the most di sag reeable Ir had es. ever seen. “s : Friday 15th, This morning 2 ie Ww ‘eatlien sppedued to settie and clear off, but the river remained stil gj rough. So: we were obliged to continue here until about: lo clock, when the’ weather. became more- -ealm, and we loaded and set out from our disagreéa- 3 ble. camp; went about 3 tiles; when we came to the | mouth of the river, where it empties imtoa handsome . -“bay.. Here we halted on a sand, beach, formed a. | comfortable camp, and remained in full view ofthe = ecean, at this tinie more. raging than pacific. Ones. 4 ofthe two men who first went out came to us here, hee ovh er had joined Captain: Lewis’ S party “Past: +: -mie¢ht the Indians bad stolen their arms andaccoutre- ments; but restored them on the arrival: of Captain a Lewis and his men in the morning. lg en | Saiurday 162A. . ‘This Wasa cleat morning and the wind pretty high. We could. see’ the Waves, like: ‘ amall mountains, rolling « out in the-ocean, we peice _ bad in, oe Pat | at occ ne Re a ie 8 a j ene HAP. xr, ges, ie Sf fade Be mae a a WE s are now at he cod ete our r voyane, stifetr # ty “has been com pletely acconiplished according tothe = Intention of the seen the object of which was | Columbia rivers ‘to the Bache ocean ; Vaden nieeanike . _ ing the difficulties, privations and dangers, which we? . had to encounter, endure andisurmount. “6 This morning 5.of the men went out to hunt} ‘and uM eebe $ o’clock all.came in but one, They had killed _ Sie fe '9 brants, 2 geese, l crane, aad 3 ducks, The ie being clear we got all our bageage dried, andin- ie Se Pde s: ee early rested unt ewe Lewis and gyuu Ure gf. PARARL, wets his party. should petarn: te - oes _ Sunday 17th. We had a fine flab cleat morn, | A ng, and 6 hunters went out. Abogt noon they all” camein; but the hunter who remained:out last night — eid not return. He had killed 2 deer and the other men Brought them in. with some brants and a deer ‘and his party. aie ee ‘They tad heen roughed a and seen where white people had been in pe cou ‘se OF | ‘ a the, summer : : but they. had all sailed ay ay. Captain , oe the evening the remainin ng hunter came in and had Lee another deer. | _ There : are but few Indians settled down about the By Bg shave. “The women tage a kind of eibee pact ' oats, made of filaments or tassels of the white. © | ought with a string at the upper. art, | is. ‘tied round the waist. These tass oO < oe of some 2 SG ag a apvertitg, while t th aph Baier position, or when the wind idler the | se have but a precarious defence. ee ee A number of both sexes keep about. our camp some have robes made of muskrat skins sewed - tether and I saw § some of loon-skins. Their-diet < is. chick ye fish and Foots. ot ae MEMORANDUA : ‘Of the computed distance in, miles: to the furshoat morte of discovery on the Pacific ocean, from the TS where the canoes were. deposited near. the eee Head of the Meee. which from its mouth From place “of Senet to head spring | me "Le first fork of the Sho-sho-neriyer =: 4 ’ To first large fork down the river - = = 14 Yo forks of the road at mouth of Tour creek. ’ 8096 . "Fo fishing creek, alter leaving ‘the river : “To Flathead, or Clarke’s river at Fish canes 4 To the mouth. of T ravellers-rest creek - Abe the foot of the. on range of Mountains, . on 18, . a Aha east Side. ay oa ee A ara ee ditto. “4 ‘ sie village | in a plain i is pene ke river eo ome L ie the eta. Columbia, by Lewis sriver = ie - ‘To the mouth of the Sho-sho-ne, or Snake river geet. o ae the Great Falls of Col umibia- Re wil! agus “fo the Dove.” : ao” ee fh ee me C3. ame o the mouth of Catarack sie: ‘north is mae the Grand Shoot, or Ss mates Ck ‘o the Last Rapids, or trawberry island woe mouth, of ot ae ryt x south side. Me mae ie i ¥ rm we i i> oe A ms P t 2 cake eae By: Re Lay wit Ne G » . —- ba say. at salt water “miles De ie Mae " pride 18¢h. ‘The: ‘morning: was ‘gibudss) VCapte” ae Bs C Clarke and 10 men went down to Cape. Disappoint- “ ys - ment, to get a more full view of the bcean; and 3 |) Went out to hunt. In the course of the day we got — some dried salmon and roots. from the natives. In na the evening Our hunters came in with a deer, 2 brants, — ; 1 rely a hawk, and a flounder, which the tide had _ threwn enasand-bar. The Indians still remained with ae © mis and Capt. Lewis got aspecimen of their language. — . eee | hose, who live about the seashore, and on Rogue's.’ m harbour creek, a large ‘reek that’ comes In on the. pe north side of Je e bays c call themselves the Chin, “00k — a nation. hat Bei away j eB Ae 4 andthe’ puke ag ile’ same = pa ae: plea close at us. een consist im party eurcliieds it for an ‘old ys killed 3 deer to. day. é ry 20th. “Wevhad : a fine clear roving ae at our ule ; and Capt, : Plseipuca clear and vlcrsaue atime ey Ke in the afternoon Capt. Clarke and his party: returned te camp, and had killed a deer and some -brants.’ They had 1 been, about 10 miles north of the cae | wound the country along the seashore level, *, ; Spr uce- “pine timber, and some ‘prairies ‘and Sarid of = wvater, “Phey killed a remarkably. large buzzard, of a species different from any I had seen. It was 9 Ficus or NC TOSS: the ‘wings, and 3 feet 10 inches from the billto. 4 “«. . ¢hetail. They found some pumice stones, which had been thrown out by the waves, of a quality superior ¥ to those on the Missouri ; > alse a number of acne of h _ diferent Kitts ty nine: q Thursday 21st. A cloudy morning. About 8 0 Polack | “all the natives left us. The wind blew so. violent te O cay and the waves ran so high, that we could not ‘set out. ‘on our retuta, which is our intention to do as.soon as. the weather and water will permit. , The season be- a ing so far advanced, ‘we wish to establish our winter _ Pe quarters as soon as pessible. One of the natives here 3 -*had a robe of sea-otter skins, of the finest fur Lever _ “saws. which yg Comer Officers wanted eb much, ar ap , Hased, eat éaid he sould not ane dated ‘He a oo, anted beads oF a blue colour, of which we had nones : but some that were on a belt belonging to our inter- _ pretet’s squaw; so they gave him the belt for the skins. In the evening more of the natives came to. -ourcamp, and the night was wety. wet and disagtee- | 4 - able. Bae! gph eet | | Friday 22nd. This was a rainy and stor ny. ing; and we were not yet able to set out: the fund) blew very hard from the south, and: she river was 4 Lae than it has been since we came raat At] : ci fey. roots and. etics to D euibaist on at Hebe tT cent senjectage: ae they live Sone Sid ‘kind ; “gad scarce any “other: covering than tha” oie all robes, which were mentioned before. o In the afternoon 10 of the Clat- “Sop nation, that ae us ive. on the south side of the river came over toour camp. : These. are also naked, except the small robes which hardly cover their shoulders. One of these men had the reddest. hair I ever SAW,” ‘and adairekin . 3 much freckled. ‘In the evening our hunters came — ae Any. and had killed 3 deer, 8 brants and 12 ducks ae ee In the evening: ‘the weather cleared and we had a fine ee eg «1 eae cee ; me : ha? Sunday 2ach. T he ‘morning was fine with some white frost. As this was a fine clear day, it was — thought proper to remain here in order to take some < observations, which the nad weather had hefore ren- 4 .» oe ake at <3 Saturday Tth. About 12 last night fic rain. Seed “and we had a fine clear nyorning. We put cur ca- - noes into the wate r, loaded: them, and started for our intended wintering he ice. We coasted down the . south side about a mile aut then met with the six - gen, who had gone he méat. They hadbrought4 — - 4 pf the skins but no meat, the distance being great and. ae a as weather very bad. The swells. being: too high "© Were Je nd we went two miles further and took the 4 oS = men in. We them pmeceded round the bay until we | oe: ae ae to the mgt ofa river about. 100. yards broad, | ~ pon ice winter prey ‘Mules our canoes, pee 3 our beabEe ‘about 200 Bias toa “and iphiceeded down to carp. | fh the: evening it ee 5 to rain again. The country towards the south a i: is mountainous at some distance off; and there is some, snow on the mountains. — Nea our camp, the country is closely timbered with sprice- vir eit us soil ‘vich, but. not deep;.. and there: are umero a - springs of running water. _ ges Monday 9th. The morn ing was Cloudy andy - Serjeant and 8 nten were sent to bring in the r | of the meat we left. yesterday ; some weve caren n making our camp comfortable, and others in clearing : a ‘place for huts and asmaill fort. Ir evening some of the natives came. to our camp, th - first'we have seen for some days 3. It continued clou d ~ PS vand wet ail day Ee CO ae Sa cd ts Lucsday 10th, We ha . another wet clous ady: ie dag; ; and all hand 1s were nies ged cd at work | a standing the rain. About 2 0’c lock Capt. Clarke an: SP iaae: 7, ‘of his yp: arty) Fet ote to camp 3 ‘the ot ot yi ahede ‘ owt “mained out tot hunte fia hey. found the o ocean to be j - arti @ miles from our ae ae for 4 miles the 3 ent Ww ome streams Shee ter. 4 le oy, foe igh and closely timbered: the eenaintiags In thee ( ey enin ory oS JOURNAL: : Wednesday | ae This day was Le oo iy nd : wets ; but we continued at our hut-building.. oS aes ’ vy hursday 12h. This morning: was cloudy Ce ae rain. Inthe forengoa we finished 3°’rooms of our . cabins, all but the; overing 5 which I expect will be 4 a difficult part of the business, as we have not yet i found any timber which splits well; two men went | out to make some boards, if. possible, for our roofs. — a About 3 o’clock in the afternoon a number of the na- A tives from the seashore came to-our campy ‘and’ re-\ | | mained all night. Some rainfellintheevening. = = © Aas Friday 13th. We had a cloudy, but fine morning ; v "and all hands were engaged at work. The panty of | a ae Ce who came yesterday went away, and another ~~ _ patty came. about the middle of the day. Twothun- SSN ters came in, and had killed 18 elk, not more than 4 ae | —mniles distant’ The day continued cloudy and some ne rain fell in the evening. Saturday 14th. T he’ two hunters that had killed the gts, went back with tivo other men to take care of the | \. tncat. In the course of the day a good deal of rain ae . fell; the weather here still continues warm, and : there has been no freezing except.a little white frost. Inthe afternoon the savages all went away. We com-. pleted the building of our huts, 7 in number, all but: me. .the coveride, which I new find will not be so aie oe > eult as I expected); “as: we have found & kind of tim- ae » ber in plenty, which splits fr eely and makesthe finest 4 punchcons L have ever seen. “Phey can be split 10 — b 38 os : 2 2-broad, not more than’ an — and an. ee da y Se. Phe. m ott big was s cloudy. Captain: ia larke with 16 of the party started to bring inthe ‘taeat the 4 men were taking care of; myself and 2° a others were employed in fixing anid finishing the _ _ quarters: of the Commanding Officers; and 2 more — _ preparing: sone baie for covering the huts. Some | Tigh showers fell owe the ie i and at nigl , i cl use ae ee b bay, but found we had not enough to cover all our. 4 | day to the. 25th we, bad occasions : winds, but the weather still contin nein of me mach we et all put bats covered a day \6zh. 2 Th is was a wet adhting ng wit hg About 8 Capt. Clarke and 15 men came in> g in the remainder. — ‘They hada very bad night, 1 weather we stormy | and a great deal of rain Notwithstanding this; a serjeant and four, men, who had got lost, lay out. tL night without. fire. As soon as they arrived all hands were set to carry ing up the meat, and putting it in a house we had prepared _ for the. purpose. T he whole of the day was SOE 2 and wet. | Tuesday W7th. “This was. Seuather cloudy day, with _. some light showers of rain and hail. About. I - o’clock the 7 men came with the canoe. and the wee - mainder of. the meat. “We sul continued. working: 7 at ourhuts, pe he Wednesday 18th. Sd fell last alk about. an a pees deep, and the merning. was stormy. ‘In the - middle of the day the ‘weather became clear, and we : had a fine afternoon. | Thursday 19th, This was a. Aine tlost Beck morn-_ _ ing; and we expected to have some fair pleasant * _ weather, but. at hoongit became Coady scape cans pee a 2 gan torain. = ise Friday Wth. The moming’ was cloudy cit wet — We eolleoted all the puncheonsor slabs we had made, and some which we got from some Indian huts up the buts’ About. 10 o’clock the weather became clear BPP it before night it rained as a : a with meat; they left a carloe with 7mento © C a) “JOURNAL, ee ce hates: At dapatean: all the men paraitert aie. fired a | round of small arms, wishing the Commanding Of- ficers a merry Christmas. In the course of the ae Capt. ee and Capt. Clarke collected what tobacco — ‘remained and divided it among those who used to- — bacco. as a Christmas-gift ;, to. the others they gave ‘handkerchiefs in lieu of it. - We had no spirituous liquors to elevate our spirits this:Christmas; but of this we had but little need, as we were all in very good health: Our living is not ¥ery good ; ‘meat is - plenty, but of an ordinary quality, as. the elk are poor. in this part: of the country. We have no kind of provisions but meat, and we are without. salt to sea- ‘son that... ~The 26th, oth and 28th, were cloudy. with rain,:. \ - We found our buts smoked:; there being ne chim- iG fies In them except in the officers’ rooms. The men *. * owere therefore employed, except some hunters who pe “went out, in making chimnies to the huts. In the _ 4 evening of the 27th we were informed that a large fish, answering to the description of a whale, was. _driven upon shore. In the, forenoon of the 28th six ___- men started for the seashore to make salt, as we have | bes none in the fort. Two hunters returned, having ‘killed a deer, and three went out to hunt. Sunday 29th. This was a cloudy morning ; but a Ne fair day succeeded; and three more huntc@ went out. Inthe afternoon several of the Chin-ook nation came . od, t0, oun fork with ay eaty: roots and. dried saimon to: trade. We purchased some from them: gig found the | supply seasonabie as our: meat on hax is: somewhat poiled. The men about the fort are ‘enguged. a” ve "finishing our small fortification. ven 1 bi Os Bionday 30h: ayy. showers le rain. Hen, ae a , i night, but the morning was fair, and we had seme _. sunshine, which happens very seldom}; light showers e. uf ofr rain ae he canto g the Oe Raduiese ee o'clock. t UES 5 4 by meat we had on hand being § spoiled. | | honed finished our fortification!” " Mole Pome : eee Some a Oe weird Yet Jae 1806. ‘The year. pide cs - . “with a wet day; but the weather still continues _ “warm; and the ticks, flies and other insects are in - abundance, _ which appears to us very extraordinary | at tuls season of the year, Ina latitude so far north. ‘Two hunters went out this morning. We gave our © Fortification the name of Fort Clatsop. Intheeven- — ” ing our two hunters, that went out this morning, re- - es turned and had killed two large ell about three e miles. oe. from the Fort. a oS CS Phursiay 2nd. This also was a cloudy wet iy a F ourteen men went out in the morning and brought ~ : : the meat of the elk into the Fort. — _ £riday 3rd.. The weather ‘is still cloudy’ and wet. T set out this morning with one of the men to go. to the salt works, to see what progress those engaged in that business had made ; and why some-of them had not returned, as they had been expected for some time. We proceeded along a dividing ridge, expecting wae ? - pass the heads of some creeks, ' which intervened. ° We travelled’ all day and could see no game ; . ‘and the rain still continued. In the evening we arrived > ata place where two of the men ‘had killed an elk ae ‘some time azo. Here we struck up a fire; a eke ee the marrow bones an Mad hed a all bone weg menhigdting was the last in our rout to the. sat eos Immediately after passing the creek, the man with 7? ame killed” anelk; when we halted and took breakfa of it, and’then went on. We got into low ground f a te through a a anarsh: about ; +2 Bois ins bre dtl ake: stan side of Hayley’ > ne fom Pont ‘ it course and. ends at a high point of a called. Clarke’ ‘s view: on Cae sea vali, H river Which. we coal. not pass. eelghouk some: so we encamped on the creek and supped on. theelk’s tongue, which we had brought with us. - Sunday 5th. This wasavery wet day. We killed | | oa a squirrel and eat it; made a raft to cross the creek; __ oe : bet when it was tried we found it would carry. only ae -onhe person at a time ; the man with me was theres © <7 7, fore sent over first, who thought he could shove the - ‘raft across’ again ; but. when he- attempted, it aes went. half way : so that there was one of us on each side and the raft in the middle. -I, however notwith- ening the cold, stript and swam to the raft, brought mee it over and then crossed on it in safety; whenwe - pursued our journey, and in a short time came to some Indian camps on the sea shore. — The rain and wind. continued so violent that. we ie aerecd to itis at : these camps: ‘all night. | "3 Suit -Monday- 6th. We had a fair siorninis and the wea-' a ae » ther cleared up, after two months of rain, except: 4 ee — days... We therefore sét out from these lodges ; Eee the mouth of a considerable river ; went about “two miles. up the shore, and found our salt makers at work. ‘Two of their detachment had set out for the fort on. the’ 4th and the man that had come. with. me ie ae ; and two more went to hunt. > 5 gil weaday- Teh. Another fine day. «About noon ae 4 tain Clarke: with i4 men came to the salt- makers | ‘ i i cat ap, in their way tothe place where the large fish — hh ‘ssa driven. on nee some. paeence ee this he eee 18 SATE ‘ my . b Se age he rise Be 7s ae < : the men employed as on the 14th. In the mo é very poe The ath was a. ea dey and i ance: -atcamp- The 9th was also fair and pleasant ; and = _ about noon ‘Captain Clarke and bis. party. returned here; the distance being about 17 miles. They _ feund the skeleton of the whale which measured 105. - feet in length and the head 12. The natives. had taken all the meat off its bones, by scalding and other — - ameans, for the purpose of trade.- The Indians, who _ Jive up there are another of nation, and call themselves — _ the Callemex nation., They area ferocious nation : one of them was going to kill one of our men, for his blanket ; but was prevented: by a squaw of the Chinook nation, who lives among them, and who- _ -vaised an alarm. There is a small river comes inte the sea at that place. -Captain Clarke and his party . _ remained at the carep all might during which Some rain fell. | Friday lovh. The morning was fine and Captain i Clarke and his party started, and I remained at this camp to wait the return of the man who had come with me and who. was out hunting. © ‘The 11th was also pleasant, and I proceeded with a. party for the - fort ; where about 9 o’clock we arrived the next day. ee ‘Two hunters had gone out from the fort in the morn- ing, and killed 7.elk about two miles from it. “Monday 13¢h.. The weather changed and we had a cloudy wet day ; and all the hands, who could be - spared were engaged i in bringing me meat of the elk, killed yesterday to. camp. Lae Se Tuesday 14th. The morning was pleasant © and two men were sent to the salt works to assist in mak- © ing salt. The rest of our people were employed in drying and taking care of the meat ; and in dressing > elk skins for mokasins, which is a laborious business, but we have no alternative in this part of the country. The 15th. and 16th, were both wet throughout, a and — of the 17th. chere: were bastions clouds 5 buts AOD re JOURNAL. oe bt * ghatocle ich disappeared and we hada fine day .— 5: ‘About the’same timé 8'of the natives of the Clatsop — - Nation came to our forty. and stayed: till the evening. Hk A hunter went out in the morning and killed adecr. | * Saturday ish. Last night was very dark ;-and — “early in it rain cameé’on and) continued all night. ; This day is also wet. - Some of the natives visited gs « ok and went away in the evening. Si ( os Sunday 19th. Four hunters went out this MOrAing, 4 which was fair with flying clouds 3) but m the evening it began to rain ‘again. We had another visit from. © “some of the natives. ‘Monday 20th. Xt rained hard all day. Some of | the natives again came to. see us, whom we suffered, | contrary to our usual practice, to remainin the fort mil night’; the evening: was so wet and stormy.) ‘It ‘also rained on the 2ist and 22nd. Our hunters kull- ed’ threevelks On«my way with a party to bring in thé meéatof these, I saw some amazingly large trees ‘of the: fir: kind ; they are fromy 12, tol 5.4éet in saad meter. Thursday 23rd..We bid a‘fine Seas seal mantis, | land two men were sentvon to the salt works... Dhe day continued pleasant until about 4 0’clock in, the ‘afternoon, when the weather hecame side and dit ‘began to rain. © ats eo Wriday 24th. At daylig! ht some sndinglell, ina there _. Were several snow showers during the day.» dInj-the . fternoon two of our hunters and somelof: the natives _ ame to the fort in an Indian canoe with théwheat, of two deer and an elk they had killed. The. Fudians “weresbarefootéd notwithstanding the snow oa’ the . bound 3) and the eventhe was so bad we: pentane | €im“to stay In-the-fort all. night. ; | Saturday 25rhy! Toe mormningawas rit id and some rabtwrets of snow fell in: the course of the day soand the nighvit fell to the depthof 8 inches. On the ae ‘ther cilvensi _ light showers: duri ing “the say j ; a Q aes a but ~ the evening the onan cle aved up, . as - gan to freeze hard. This is the first freezing weath: he Po. Mec any ‘consequence we have had during the winter. ae mk | Monday 27th, This was a clear cold frosty morn: ‘ ae ng ; and the snow about 9 inches deep. Wherethe _ san shone on it during the day, a considerable quan- - tity of it melted ; but these places were few, as the whole face of the country near this is closely covered 4 ‘with fir timber. In the afternoon a hunter came in er and informed us that the par ty he had been with had a, killed 10 elk. * 9 * Fuesday 28th. A clear cold morning, anid: less < peat continued cold all day. About half of | : our men were employed bringing home meat ; and q it was found a very cold uncomfortable business. nn ‘The two men who lately went to the salt works re- warned with a small supply. — ‘Wednesday 29th. We had a eold cleae’ morning ; ‘ arid the day continued clear throughout. On the 30th ‘the weather was cloudy ; and not so cold as the day — ahd some snow fell, Friday 3\et. This was a clear cold moraine. Seven of us went up the small river in a canoe to hunt ; but after we had gone a mile, we were stopped ‘by the ice and had to return to the fort. One ofthe = -- men at the salt works had been out —— and eilled ag - ‘taking the-meat to their camp. at : gia ee ‘Saturday 1st Feb. 1806. We had a fine pte as morning. A number of the men went out to bring Ganend o the fort, and to take some to the salt works. + Sunday 2nd. The morning was pleasant and the 7. we . er more moderate. About the middle of the t began to thaw and in the evening to ~ a = ot our men were engaged to day ong _more meat. es Be oN Monday 3rd. Some light showers of rain fell in the | ae se “eo and this eT somewhat ® 4 be 3 ‘ ee Pd “ 7 ng in te wale as as much meat as we can ind of + Aeon a ees “This day: odlinti ough ee Beeman and the 5th: was a selene cool i “One f ae our hunters came in, who had killed 6 elk. cy sae e pee 3 "hursday 6th. We had a cool fair morn nine, | T en of us started with a canoe to bring in the meat of ~ the elk, killed yesterday 5 and had to encamp out all ae but + yg the assistance of thse elk fskteand oy : “the snow was 4or 5 inches dees. ine Friday 7th. The morning was fair, ee pra mer eae engaged bringing i in the meat; we got some to the __ Ss ‘but myself and part of the men had againto | Tt rained Mert and we ha a eomnee nd an 1 eel 81h. Abou noon thera: were ines: Sm aes sg ub hail. Seat of the: e hunters ies & rye eee? We had a a morning ; ¢: m uit ike bef od, ae “course of the fics we had sometimes sunshine, sheer a 2 and sometimes. showers of rain. -One of our bunters: ete, |. @aught acbeaver. sah paicknc ue oe Monday 10ch. A. light s snow w fell last neht and | ening: was’ pleasant. In the afternoon two earns: cage salt arti with aberrations iain ; x men were sent to of rb “ig th the ene) time. nyse went out: to Amie; ai teaaatacdh out nt touted ' ‘ing which time ‘there was a great. deal of hee and: the weather changeable | and. disag es _ While we wer reout we killed 8 elk. Duti ing soleot > ' the most disagreeable nights, myself and. another-lay. hoe _ Outin our shirts and. overalls, with only one elk, skin - to defends from a violent nieht’s rain. We had ree ~ Statted: ‘a gang of elk, and in order to be light ib the 15 rsuit left our clothes where the first was. killed, andi “could: not get back before dark. Our shirts. and | everalls being all af leather a, it the more air ee oe. Ge it Leo oc Monday \7th. The day \ was sera y we eet offt he the fort and arrived there in the afternoon, We found the sick men at the fort, and still very bad, One of the men brought word from the salt works, that they had made about 4 bushels of salt ; and the “ / Commanding Officers thought that would be suffici- — ‘ent to serve the party, until, we should arrive at: the ¥5 Missouri where there is some deposited. ei oe Luesday. 18th. The morning of t aS aes was, | cloudy. A sergeant and six men set out to go to the - walt works, to brine the salt and kettles ta the fort. par the same time Ts sta eheser bis 10 more to fue: . Fi ereeable.— Tees pay pee xb Beatty ‘to coke a eal and kettles to a the fort. The day was very wet and stormy. a ee Thursday 20th. This was a cloudy morning. A 6s eumber. of the Chinook Indians. came to the fort with hats to trade.» They aré made. ofthecedarbark end | silk grass, look handsome and keep out the rain. ran Ne Si Dele rain fell Sy bs ands in ee rir iio we turn- Us JOURNAL. he ae ny eV a sieacant day, as it rained hard during’ the whole Ce ee ee ~< Saturday 22nd. This was a fine clear day ; }) ‘aie se - © some of the natives again: Visited us, and pouseah <8 + some hats which we purchased at a.moderate price. - . "The.23rd wasalso clear.and pleasant ; but the morn-; |)” -.~- ing ef the 24th was. cloudy, and at,10.0’clock it began.” to rain hard. “About-noon a number of the natives . . €ame to the fort to trade. The rain continued with: Bes: high. stormy wind ; and we suffered sak Indians, to... -\ - Yemain in the fort ‘all night. : Tuesday 25th. The rain continued we the weather. =. was stormy. About 10 o’clock the natives went _ away, though. it continued: to rain very. fast. Aerts) Ss brought» “us yesterday a number of small fish, of a, bo eS excelent kind, resembling - a — ‘and - about half the size... _, . “Wednesday 26th: We hada fair morning ; ; some oF othe hunters. went out, as our store of provisi ions was getting small, and three men went in search of these, » small fish, which we had found very. good eating.— mo The 27th was acloudy: wet day. Three of our bune ss a *h, é eens came in, and had: killed an elk. b. ) WPriday 28th. This, was a foggy. morning, ee Je ig * * forenoon cloudy. fa ‘sergeant. and.six men went out! ne bring i in the meat, and-returned about noon. - The. : “greater partof this day was fair and pleasant; and — a 3 Bishi evening eee hunters came in, and had. killed. : five, elk, ae : | AE DONG AE Thg ikl 14S ala oh ok MB: wet. dating: re set out pete 81 men "andl 4 numer to - bring. the meat of the elk that had been killed,. which was at a greater distance: from the. fort than any we had yet brought in. ‘Fhere is a large river >. that flows into the southeast part of Hailey’ sBay; - capon which about 20 miles from its mouth, ourbun- ._— ters discovered falls, which had sto 66 feet of a | : ia \ oe ela pitch ee: Sunday 2nd. Ehis day was aed. wet. “The felts , ee ‘party returned at night, and brought with them some — S sueeertahe of the same kind of small fish, we got. Bion the natives | a few “Gays Ag eu also some — . sturgeon. svat : — T he ae name cot the river wwe were up p yester= : ‘ aay 3 is Kil-hou-a-nak-kle, and that oF the SF ipecot cae | af mies “eet the fort pana oy es Sie Res Ge sian sae belese or no vacgitabie non ea cabin! ae ee Oe ‘Wednesday 5th. About 12° o’clock ‘ aight the ‘rain ceased, and we had a fine morning. A number of the natives visited. us; and at night our hunters: i - returned, but had killed nething. _ Thursday 6th, Our stock of provisions being early ie pochaucted, 6 men were sent out in different eiyecitons. afesbene’ fish, as 5 ihe natives tdke a. “great nt che = fish about 20 miles distant from tl ‘water. Some men were also employed ‘the canoes that peony be able to set ine Qs, JOURNAL. : 187 AG The elk, almost the only game in shi part of the country, are chicfly gone to the mountains. This day eontinued fair throughout. i . Friday 7th, This was a wet morning, and some “showers fell occasionally during the day. Among eur other difficulties we now experience the want of tobacco, and out of 33 persons composing our par- ty, there are but 7 who do not make use of it: we use crab-tree bark as a substitute. In the evening one of our hunters came in and had killed an elk a considerable distance off. ‘Saturday 8th. Some snow fell last night, and the ‘morning was stormy and disagreeable. About 9 a’clock, another of our hunters came in, who had- | killed 2 elk; and after some time the remaining © three, having killed but one deer, and lost their Ganoc. Sunday 91h. This morning 10 men went out to hunt. There were some light showers of snow this forenoon, but during the greater part of it the sun. shone clear and warm. In the afternoon some of the _- Watives came to visit us, and brought some of the + small fish, which they call Ulken. Two hunters came in in the evening, but had not killed any thing. aA A fate ah ty a bg “ ¥2th was pleasant; but towards the evening the:da ee Became Cloudy. Another hunter WENS Outen - Coe ae 4 , Bape NPL: bd th iy ae i bn hed gone. ane the napa ret irnet ed 2 elk and 2 Air ee an < ms ‘this day took an account a the ihrer & f pairs — Cae at ockasons: each man. in the party had; and found ihe “whole to be $38 pair. This stock Was, Dot prow ‘a v ded without great labour, as the most of them are e v on ade of the ais: of elk. ‘Each. man- Sas: also ¢ pie oy “sufficient quantity of patch-leather. Sc Some of the Ss abe Hees mee no oe men meee | to” look fort the Jost ae ‘a an 1 fe oe: * gone ie : j Ray - ee & re aly oe . aoc Two aaa whe hadi gone out yess a Sot morning returned very much fatigui sd, and :. had killed nothing but a goose and a raven which they “veat last night., While out to day I saw a number of] + 7 i _musquitoes: flyi ing about. I also saw a great quan- rte. ety, OF gta Sree} in the woods, of. a very. bi * ~ darge v2 ha Maca Ree an - Saturday 15th, There was. a fe pleasant n0rt aoe About noon our ‘hunters came in and” had killed four elk. pe eae uber of the. hatives: came : ‘the fort to day." “" @ oe Stnday Ter, Last night it became cloud y y and : ye al AY a bi oh Phe tadian: lians staye d beak the fobt the whole of this. ee rs day. Yesterday W hile Il was absent, eetting our. meat ree tS ee home, one of the hunters ‘killed two vultures the = largest fowls I had ever seen. I never saw ‘apy ee farce on the Columbia river and the - irth it parse cecsetonay day. We got a Sa oe from ters. killed. an elk. eH 3 1G / mmoatning. of the 19th was stormy, some hard . showers. of hail fell and it continued clondy piche he day. : eld Thursday | 20th. "Phe sale of this day ie disagreeable. We mtended to have set cut to » day.on ourteturn, but the weather. was too bad. I amadea calculation of. the number of elk and deer There. were.a few smaller quadruped s killed stich as’ otter and beaver; and one racoon. The meat of / some of the elk was not brought tothe fort. | friday 2\st. We had a cloudy wet morning. Two ‘of the hunters went out this morning ; ; and about 16 dians, . These and the Chin-ook, Cath-la-mas, Cal- ‘a-mex and Chiltz nations, who inbabit the seacoast, all dress. in the same manner. The men are wholly pt asmall robe; the women have only the es, Snearly the, PRINS 3 cand they all observe the dead all their property, or placing it at nee raves. I believe I saw as many as an hundred canoes at one burying-place of the Chin-ooks, on the na side of the Columbia, at its entvance into Hailey’s Bay: and — there are a great many at the A 8 of every © | village. These Indians on the coast have no horsesy. / and very little property of any kind, except thelr ca~> ‘ noes, The women are much inclined to venery sand _ dike those on the Missouri are soid to prostitution » 16 9 an Saar, rate. es chy: $8000, as 64 ote will posit One caf the hun-_ ras wet -- killed by the party from the ist of Dee. 1805 to'the = 20th Mageh 1806, which gave 131 ay and. 20 dce bea 4.7 o'clock we were visited by some of the Clat-sop [n- io of the short petticoat. Their language | 3 “An old eps squaw cae yd) ht foe 3 Dit sous — rac of gest precitig Age’ fe addicted to the’ common _ customs of oF Lae share: ‘any thing ike chastity. roe sia ie the evening our two hunters + rlured, b es cha ed 4 oe yen were sent on ahead te to ret main at som - good bunting ground until we should all. come ups : ee. Wane six others to hunt near the fort. In the evening: i‘ ea ee pte came in, except one , without any success. _. Sunday 23rd. There was. pe cloudy wet 8 morning. — The hunter who remained out last night, came in’ Dm ys and chad Rhilled an clk. We were employed _ 4 _ this forenoon in. dividing and packing ‘up. our Jos wie ing; and distributing it among the canoe whieh - were five in number, three large and two small. At “noon we put tt on board; and at lo *clock deft fort - _ Clatsop. The afternoon was Ta we proc eded | - round Point Mp iles; and en- © camped at the mou : ae Pa on fe ‘who had killed ‘two elk about a rile ant d an half — distant. a | “Monday 24th, After a badeukstih Ss rest, of on acco: x of the rain 15 men went out and broughtshe talaga i the two elk to oureamp. ‘The morning was fair and: : after breakfast they all embarked, except the m men bes” - Ionging to my canoe which the tide had left agrou und. ‘Fhe hunters went on in the small canoe ahead, « ‘Thad to wait for the rising of the tide.. In abe E ome hours I was able to follow the other canoes 3 _.feeded 0 on about 12 miles. toa ritege ‘of ee: HE * < . é 4 as we again halted, the wind and tide being both against _ F sae whert the rest of the party had halted. When . ¥ arrived we all proceeded on again, and in the evening encamped at an old village, which had ) been. vacated. 1 ee 25th, We-set out after breakfast and had Ir morning 3 3 proceeded on to 12 o’clock, when us. “When the tide began to rise we went on again, ‘saw some of the natives in canoes descending the river, and in the afternoon passed an Indian lodge, where one of the men purchased an otter skin.— At this time the wind rose and blew very hard accompanied with rain; notwithstanding we pro- eceded on till night, when we came to the mouth of a small creek which formed a good harbour for ‘our canoes. “Here we found several of the natives. encamped and catching sturgeon, of which they had taken 14 large ones. Wednesday 26th. After a disagreeable night’s rainy and wind,. we continued our voyage. As we passed ‘alone Tsaw a great many flowers full blown of dif- ferent colours; and grass and other herbage grow: ing fast: I saw nettles two feet high of this spring’s growth. Me Thursday OT ih. There was a cloudy wet morning. We embarked early and went about 6 miles, wher. we came to a small Indian viilage, where the natives -feceived us very kindly. They belong to the Chil- ook natinn, and differ something in their language from the Chin-ooks. We got some Wapto roots and fish from them and then proceeded on, though _ #t rained very liard. Two small canoes went on a- head to Deer island, in order to kill some game by the time we should come up. We passed several Indian jiodges where the natives were fishing for _ Sturgeon, and got a large one out of a small ca- moe ; a number of which followed us with 2 Indians * - JOURNAL. Nia 191. a £ “ay: ey of iene : had plenty of good woo 4 PA cats 880h, » The mora the c who Mind Ns camps d, and alt gone o t to ea hunter rel Tce v Bedi Tote Deteeel came i er i all. ‘Some ef the men wer : eit « em: meat, sand others went out and killed some. geese | é oe” nape decks. pay the last village we passed I took no- 4 ia ice of : a diffcre ence in the dress of the females, from | ‘s a that of those below, about: ‘the coast and Huiley’ ’s Bay. ‘ ae tead of the’ Short. petticoat, ‘they: haye a'piece of | . : in dressed skin ded tixht sound their Toins, witha © tow slip coming up. between’ their thighs! Gn G fSisiand there are a ereater number baie oA a had ever'seen in any other places’ they appeared = almost as ‘ftime ONS as the Hlades of grass ; “and: are” er Bic. Species Of Garte sn isnake, © “When-oor men went. for” “w tne deer, th iy found that the fowis had devoured font 5 Yo eethe carceses Re ntirely, except the hones. oS ie brought tin ihe othe age ae we finishe d¢ eed ‘pat them’ in th - . now very igh) whieh “nrales it mote cs ‘ os ly a a ad oa pas ol ity Se MSU MERE AS aa Til deny fe tn, th. The | mor rnin was sin te ys ie Name," ser ere we’ were ‘recel éd cath P a, iy * ne ie ae in es asd got fish and wapte re I. Oy RE con 1¢ dogs and waptos '. agian, abcutarm ile, and encamped. eth Py eke ered and. eo ee ft AP, ae’ tile Se ae ee tk BEE he A Hideout ae) aie, is, ‘4 ae " 7 ‘ ‘“ ‘4 Rey & ’ - y ei ; Fs ¥ JOURNAL, : : m3 ge bas ah A, “We set out early accompanied by several of s. € Hees in canoes.” The river is very high, over-~ ot flowing allits banks. We passed some villages of the ea natives on Wapto-island, which is about 20-miles * bone and one “broad, but did not halt at any of them. et, “ay one ie: The natives of this country ought to have the credit | “of making the finest canoes, perhaps in the world, both as to service and beauty ; and are no less ex+ “pert in working them when made,* We had a beau- at the north side of the river. Monday 3\st. This was a beautiful clear morning, and we proceeded on early. One of the men went alone shore, and in a short. lime killed a deer: the deer are very plenty on this part of the river.—. We proceeded on, and passed a lar ge village which --was full of people as we went down, but issnow all. deserted except one lodge. In the evening we came river, where we encamped. Tuesday ist April, 1806. We had a clot udy motn- ~ Ing; and we-agreed to stay hefe all day, for ly : purpose of hunting. So 9 hunters set out early ; of whom went up Quicksand river, and kil bei a deer : the other six killed 4 elk and a deer. In the evening nine of us went to brme in the meat of the 9 elk ; but it being late we were opnee to encamp ont © Sunday 6th. We had a fine morning with some ce fey ; about 10 o'clock we set outs pas aaths, beauli-. 2% 3 ful pre eirie on the north side, Mee a could not sec | for the fog-as we went down; pro ded. on ADOULD ae miles and came to our hunters a Rn PP bey bn cae killed 5 elk; so We halted,-sent out for thepest anh ae beg san to diy it. We are now at the head of the 7 Columbia: valley ; which is a fine valley about 70 ‘miles long, abounding with roots of different kinds, which the natives use for food, especial yt the Wapto yoots which they gather out of the ponds. The tim. ber is mostly of ihe fir kind, with some cierry, dos Pe | wood, soft maple and ash; aida variety of shruos: 3 which bear fruit of a fine ‘favour, that thes matits a “make use of for food. : WMoaday 7th. This was a pleasant day, but cloudy. em: ‘Three hunters went on alread again 0h! the ‘rest of. 7 jae the party remained drying meat to subsist on while . “we passed the Columbia plain’, as there is no game in that part of the COuDITY; according tothe accounts ® -gitven by the natives, who are daily coming dowh ; a and gay that those remaining in the plains are ina | starving condition, and will continue so until the ~ agp os begin to run, whic! is very soon expec ted. ee | Mr. M’Kenzie also mentions that the western Indians make’ “he of the inner tegument of the bark of trees. for | food ; and that it is gener “ally considered by the more inte- ee BIOL: Indians as a delicacy, rather than an article of commot --. food; that on this and herbs they are used to sustain them- ee gelves on their journies.. He likewise states that of the inner, oe i oar of the hemlock, taken off early in the sgring they make a WE: kind of het Ww hich sahil with salmon oil, aud of which 6 JOURN AE ‘We oe iced were all day re killed a beautiful small bird of the ¢ yok & wesday 8th. “This was. a fie. morr ‘vind blew so hard from the northeas ‘thai possible to go on; and abeut . o'clock”: the. ran so high that we had to unload our canoes, and haul some of them out of the water to prevent.their being injured. Some‘of the men are complaining | of rheumatick pains; which are to be expected from _~ 1e Wet and “cold we suffercd. last avinter, during = Was mith of pabibin lem 805 Being ae 2 : ta Fe ae ee morning, Beclnned: | bat had viet A etig, except a pemaetul small cok bs Fey \ is L XN ys: x eh ‘ % : oe , & Re * = - % ape t ae i j * } be Soesy ‘fed fh FP ‘a . ® . + ie % i f , t SPAY ; . hihi ,, ‘ er : a el ae ; y Pilic. vn v a eA Pe fs, ie * } c wa ; 4 é. ) ¢ 4 - % vf was NG 3y # 4 + JOURNAL. 494 Bs Pe hy Clam XTX. | ee Wednesday 9th. The morning was pleasant; we _ therefore loaded our canoes and proceeded on till 11 _e’clock when we stopped at a large Indian village on’ the north side ; but a number of the huts were un= occupied. They are of the Al-e-is nation. — At the oe Aime we halted 3 canoe made of them were setting out for the falls tofish. We took breakfast here and) ~ bought 5 dogs from thera: The women all wear the small leather bandage, but are quite naked otherwise, except what is covered by the small robe they wear vound their shoulders. In the afternoén the weather ake CESS: oe oe ie whe, et +hecame cloudy and’some rain fell. In the evening we came to a large rapid at the lower end of Straws’ 4 berry island; where there are a number of the natives’ about settling on the north side. Here we crossed: over, after buying two dogs from them, and #@n= 9 camped behind the island. Some rain continu cals. “ig alling. aes Thursday 10th. A party of men went out to collcet * pach to repair one of our canoes, which .was split #7 9 amd the rest went reund the point of the isla indy apd took the canoes over the rapid, one ata time, with the assistance of a line:, When we eot.over the ra- eee “pids we crossed to another village of. the natives on he north side, where I saw the skin of a wild sheep, whish had fine. bgantiful wool.on it... Here wes tool : breakfast and. waited the arrival of the other c Candee, ms which in about an hour came up; ant the men when” eut for pitch killed @déer. \epr ceded on, ant os the water was so rapid, that we, had.to’ “tow he canes Bi up by the line almost al) the way tothe: a ry ig: at tne lower end of the portage, a dist lace o Faia Siw ah Bae: ¢ MS R 4 ier e as ie % t 4 Pea Bi : x ay = r # et my Re ’ > e, de f ‘ 4 Pe at Pf M4 = peas ae rs sek ata f a place where there was a vill: fall when we went down down, and again erected a old ground where it forme seul Kibenplad I cannot | on i to Rock: ‘Cabins sa we oe: W ent down. Some hunters yeet: out . ys Asitled- a deer. s Ps soe he , ‘ sant day. “As we tiyer Cakes Capea Ohtke, arith patie the * men. and some goods went over the river to endea- - -vourto procure some horses. Iwas out bunting “this morning and killed a rattlesnake. among the rocks. _ Some hunters that went out in the morning iy ~ ducksand four squirrels, three of a beautiful speckled ~ kind, and as large as a common Brey equeneely: -but the tail not. sO bushy. % hunters. went out and we remained at this camp alba. day, ; in the evening our hunters came in and had — arke stil remains | over the river. . ais Sean om ts ‘praee. aad bsedgiiel a on tits pea diffi- r ulty and dang RPE ect to be able to take the canoes no further.—~ mtert f, S pate rt “ Wehiad} however the curiosity to visit the h demi baste wh igh were. tes Se be ; and we 4 to ihe: ther . ee was. not a spot ro! and the ony | aed, tae cbr alive; | RS it. were; wit eturned i in the evening and had killed two deer, some : er to the foot of the Jong narrows; and houses, (of ; | 4 “ea ag nS oy 7 os Thursday y 17th, This was a fine morning! Some. a eda deer. -We made 12 bitin Soin so pata OC Da gta : Te Ree fo ore Cen tA Sie Sa i 1 coma. up, one “i our. meal > that we were obliged to carry the s by and tothis pga si Wood here is st " Eiee u men vavent ap i# tl he ailice with thei a | ae rsh re vbes, t to dispose of them for Jidorne ; Id Sy cain: 12 horses: we would. bea ee ae ee A, Soe Raterday 190k: ihe. morning “was cl ae yt ecto hands. were engaged 3 in. catrying: ‘the b baggage ake S, nm ¢8 over the portage, which is two. ™ ies in len , _- Five more horses were got in the course of the doy. : - Some light showers of rain fell in the afternoon, and — about 4 o’clock, we got all cur. baggage « and c¢ a: 2 ereree except. the two large ones, of which'we ‘made wea firewood: At-the same time Captain Clarke and — four men went on ahead to the village at the great yas OE as fo: endeavour to get some more horses, by the Eris he time, we arrive there, a distance of about 8 miles — from this village. Inthe Pune the weather clear- 3 ed up and had a fine night. PR gt a Oe Sunday. Toes, This was.a pleasant mornin y with a ‘some white frost. ‘We got two more horses and, one ; remained here all day and had a: oreaed aie : trouble with our horses, as they are th ae Sy, and ; break almost every rope we can raise. fel ~ tie them up at night, and one bro kes away. notwith- standing all our care and attention. — We have also much trouble with the. Indians as they are saa vhenever they have an opportunity. With ve they stole 4 or 5 tomakawks. : Ee ist. This was another pleasant morning white ost, aes € Shae Hbe Seals. seen. ing the pews “Th 1e. “Fadlane how : - -pesent it, otherwise it is probable we: a Skirmish with them. © This. aaieapinhit anpbked: of two canoes and used another for firewood. fad | o, FO o'clock: We set out from the first narrows with 9 Sar one horses of our own and one we borrowed, and 2 canoes 3 alt loaded: heavy. ‘I went with three other men in Ce the canoes, ald had some difficulty in passing the 3 short narrows. About 3in the afternoénWe arrived - “at the great falls of Columbia, where we met. . ‘~ Captain Clarke and the men that were with him. ~. Here we got another horse ; carried our canoes sons ~ Baxgage round the falls and halted for dinner. We. “glso got some dogs here and shapeleel, which we subsist on chiefly at present. We halted here two hotirs and then proceeded on again. The party that _ “went by land had to leave the. river, and take out to the hill a part of the way. I crossed with my canoe to the south side where there i is the best water, and passed. a large rock island, opposite ‘toy which | the : a “Sho-sho-ne river flows in from the.south. Wewent © on dill dark, and then run. our small canoe among = ¥ “some: willows, and laid down to sleep. | We. did not. maake z any fire for fear the savages, who are very nu- ~merous along this part ‘of the oe, inlem come and 3 Fob US. = a Tuesday 22nd. This Was a piesa morning tant: co “high wind. We proceeded on about 3 miles, when the wind became so violent, that we could not pro- as ceed any further, and balted and unloaded our canoes. | | Coe Sele here two hours, - the other canoe 3 - came up, and we proceeded on though the wind | was _ high and river. rough. At sunset I crossed ove: a where the party ealne by: land came in sight, an ae ited at a small village on the north side; but the her canoe sg a. on wongagre southern shore ne ie two > more horses were apis We Na a picuan's morning... ee by water to day, and we had very pases fe ee ee a in getting along. In the evening we met tl i, Par alarge. village of the Wal-la-waltz nation on 4 the north side of the river ; where the the other ca- noe had also arrived. ‘Here we halted, unloaded the — €anoes and_ encamped. A horse had got away last — _ night and could not be found. iy =f “Thursday 24th. The weather was pleasant! We _ me another horse last night, and were detained here this morning, looking for him. We got six hisses” at this place, three of which were borrowed teh Indian who was going with his family along with Ug, > _ We sold our two small canoes; and.atnoon anIndi- an. who had gone to look for the lost horse returned ae him. At 2 o’clock we all started by land on _ i ies north side of the river, accompanied by several — of the fatives with their families and horses. We _ entered the low country, the great and beautiful plains, | -“- of Columbia, and proceeded on till evening when we _ encamped at two mat-lodges of the natives, and got ‘two dogs and some ‘Shapaleel. The natives who ~ were travelling In our party. pecenpe st Withus. . #riday 25ih. The morning was pleasant, and we “get out early. At 10 © clock we met a great many sof the natives on horseback, who turned back with us. ne - At noon we came toa very large band of the Wal-a- a waltz nation, the most numerous we had seen on See & Fe - Gabi I ean boeed it consisted of 500 Pensa : 2 Sey lepaaie _ JOURNAL, ‘@ being sore ; ‘and the officers. have 6 go 6 permit some ‘of them to ride. We Ww rent and encamped at a small grove of willows. ‘Saturday 267h. Last night Capt. Lewis and Capt. mM Clarke got each a horse, and we set out early, had a fine morning, and proceeded on very well, most. _ plains there is a species of clover, ‘as lare have seen, and has a large red handsome blossom. of the men having their knapsacks carried on the he horses. At noon we halted and took a little of our _ dried meat, which is the only food we have. At 2 o’clock we continued our journey, and the officers _ were obliged to go on foot again, to let some of the. #nen ride whose feet were very sore: T he country is level and has a most beautiful appearance, — ‘On these 2 aS any I The leaves are not quite so large’'as those of the red clover cultivated in the Atlantic States, but has seven and eight leaves on abranch. We were overtaken and | ‘passed by a preat number of the natives, with darge light showers of rain; and about 9 o’clock we procees Hy): droves of horses, that look well and are in good order. > We travelled about 25 miles and seria: ata small | erove of willows. cae Sunday 271k, The morning was cloudy with so mi ed on through the plains, accompanied by a great ma- ny of the natives. Some light showers of rain fell at intervals during the day ; ; and after halting about 2 hours we continued our journey to sumset, “when we came to alarge village of mat-lodges, belonging to a band of the Wal -la-wal-las, he have encamped here on the north side of the river. Here we remained all night, und the natives were sur enough to supply us - _ with some faggots of brush, they had gathered in. othe, plains from the sage bushes, which grow in Rieke Bitome. 0 on some. parE pt these os ant; aston Ae being no other wood for a considerable dite | a iM : covered with snow, in a southeast direction and about — had them all landed safe, after a good deal of trouble. — . udy, and it thundered: and threatened rain, a few them. re 100 ‘look we rc ween to ‘ses'over the river. at this place, as we can ‘ ur journey. considerably by crossing : We | born wed: canoes from the natives, and swam. the’ — horses along side, and at 2 o’clock in the afternoon % ofa brs frou th From this place we can discover a range ile, area fty miles distant. In the evening the weather was | of which fell. We remained here all night, - a about dark above and hundred of the native — ne ‘came down from the ferks to see us. They joined 1, ee "crowd, as nine . white man. © - and those en the north side are moving over as fast big! a: they can. We eneamped on the creek, and got three | horses. We then set out from Wal-la-wal-la river * ut 2 and nation ; ; “proceeded | on about fourteen miles ~ with those at this place and-performedagreatdance. We were a very interesting sight to the surrounding — a “ =-tenths of them had never betore seen come ee te + ; ti, de ‘Tuesday ah ‘The natives pubic: about our ~ camp’ all night ; and we bought some dogs and a horse from tem.” ‘The day was fair, and we got > | all ‘out river. Here are a great many. of the natives encamp- € i baggage transported to the ‘south side of the — 8 fe ed on a large creek, which comes in from the south, horses; some dogs, shap-a-leel, some roots called a <2 other small roots; which 1 wer e aon to eat sid nourishing. hee Plaiie, a faa Wednesday 30th, This wasa cloudy: enor tiie and we stayed here till abo o’clock to collect oumhorses, | got two more ; be, cg tli now altogether twenty-three Ves wough ap extensive plain, when we struck a branch, the comet aie river, and halted ao ge JOURNAL, wiyole of this plain is of a sandy pairdacci nad vi dedatas a but thin grass, with some branches of shrubs whic | resemble sage or hyssop. On the south side of this branch the soil is of earth and rich, covered with — grass, and very handsome. We are still acrmurenes, ly several of the natives. Thursday 1st May, 1806. Sanne rain fell during . the night, andthe morning continues cloudy. Weset gut early and travelled up the branch, which is a fine om stream about twenty yards wide, with some cotton- - wood, birch and willows on its banks. . One of four - hunters, who went forward very early this morning, » returned at noon with a beaver he had killed ;. other game is scarce. We then halted to dine, where the road forks, one going up the branch an east ‘course, — and the other north towards the large river. Here our Indians differed in opinion with respect to the best road to be taken. The man with the family _ and gang of horses said he would go across to:the Great river to-morrew ; but we followed the opinion _of the young man our guide, and proceeded on up. the creek. We travelled about twenty-five ‘miles, ~ and encamped without any of the natives, except our guide, who generally keeps with the bunters,— one of whom killed g deer this evening. The higher we go up the creek the cotton-wood is more large: and pens 3 ; and the plains beautiful. Friday Ind. A fine morning. Lalliesipbe about 3 _ o’clock, three of the Wal-la-wal-las came up with us, _and brought a steel trap that had been left at our camp © on the north side of the Columbia, opposite the mouth of Wal-la-wal-la river ; perhaps one of the greatest instances of honesty ever known among Indians. Some hunters went on ahead, and having collected our horses, we found one missing ; some Lae the men went to look for him, and brought him back. We. - ¢hen continued our journey up this branch ; and . : Siok og our ae a range di hills: hareaaged W thume Wy Het. more labios feb tite distant. We ey fifteen miles and encamped _ on the north fork, eek having forked about two miles below out ere _ encampment. — The south fork is the largest, and — aa ee Hie its course is supposed toissue fromthose snow- topped | hills on our right. In the evening our dren) ) ters: joined us, and had killed only one beaver and an era otter. The three Indians remained with us all day; ome and at night we set three steel traps, ‘there Gate a ' great many beaver signs on this branch. | | oe . turday 3rd. We hada wet vivieonendretable morn- . a: ingy nd when the horses were collected one was oe found missing, and one of our hunters went back ah ae eS ter h im, while the rest of us continued our journey. es ae This 1 morning | our guide and the three other Indians — u Pa, went on ahead. We continued our rout about ten -« miles, when we struck a creek; having left the other entirely to our right; and halted. Our huntercame —s_—> ' wp with the horse. The wind was” very high this)” +. - forenoon, and rather cold for the season; withsome ~rain. We continued about | two hours and eat the. ¢ . last of our dried meat; and are altogether without = other provisi ons, as our stock of dogs is exhausted, | and we can kill no game in these plains. . In “the | ieee evening we met achief and nine of his men, who — appeared glad to see. us. We encamped on a small __ branch or spring, a's it was too far to go over the hills. “"PRe Indians say we can get over to-morrow by noon. ‘The wind continued to blow hard and some ‘snow “showers fell i in the afternoon. = Sunday 4th. We had a severe frost | last nite: aril im i the morning was cold and clear. Wewere earlyon - our march over a handsome plain; andcametoano- oho creek, which’ we kept down until we came se ce Lewis’ ’s river, some distance below the a on however, y a pA ; , » this * , pt the day as we could raise but four sme canoes from the natives at this s pla ‘ ees rk go! “all safe overs, , and encar ee | oo . od. — er taba were ne sein in : peso Gaile . Py ie RS ee ee ae meee ty eed : ae al : Deer ety 5th ‘We hed: a aa morning, ee ne? Gitdar on early, accompanied by our Oi, chicf anda — umber of the natives. About 10 0 ’clock. we passed | the forks, and kept alone the ‘north. side of ‘Koos ioe ~ Koos-ke ; 3 at noon we halted at three. todges- of. Th. aie if ae where we got three dogs and some. roots. ‘ We: aso 8 got one of our. horses, Wiel we had lef ib Fut gaa ae us; $3 ae cays that th e Snake nae: wig di | ved us last nes eg and | ak two of our horses, -_contir ued our journey 5 nA ay 28) at a mouth re} - Vieginia. fodder ‘houses 3 and contains twenty fe 3 _ provisions but shap-a-lee Tat Wee Sas * Tuesday 6th. ok | $ cloudy wet. ‘qnceniiens and we stayed i in our camp. Capt. Lewis and ‘Capt. “Clarke. acted as physicians to th sick at the vi Wage “lodge, for which they gave us a smal tha sae - killed and, eat, as we had no oth ee We continued, here until about 30 _ Started and. went on about nine , mile _ close toa alodge of the natives. i _ Wednesday 7th. This wasa fine morning, and we iets ey asky till after break fast, wien we proce t four miles to another Indian pee a small creek, where : 3 mM and eneatape j ? 2 Se ok NAT Rot ine * : < o sie Es : : a i and which eh ey. took care of and 4 etirened: +6 ae eee ae AK the- -Jncia Ss drom the Rocky Mountains to the: | | falls of Columbia, ere un honest, ine cnueus and. well ean * diposed people 5 but ‘from the fails to the seacoast, © and along it. they are a rase ally, thieving set. We Were ete detatned about three hodrs lu crossing, as “we had but one canoe to trunsport ourselves abd bag- ~ gage. We then proceeded over a large hill and. ‘struck a smail ereek, about five miles below the placey_ ie where We made our Canoes 1b October last: Here ce Nee. encamped for the night, accompanied by two In- diatis, one of which cat) speak the Sho-sho-ng or ‘Snake language. We will therefore be able to hold Some conversation with the natives tn this part of the aay coumry, as our squaw is of the Suake nation. Thursday 8th. The morning of this day was. plea- sant; and we remained liere some time, to endeavour ‘to kill some deer ; and the hunters were sent out.— ery “Here some of the. natives came to our camp, and in- _ formed us, that we could not cross the mountains for” a moon and an half; as the snow was too deep, and no grass for our horses to subsist on. We have the “mountains in view from this place, all covered, white “with snow. At noon our hunters came in and had ‘killed four deer and some pheasants. About 3.0’clock we continued our journey ; ; passed over a very high aes Aill,. and encamped on a small run; w here we met ~ our. other old chief, who had gone down the river _ With us last fall. He told us that his men had found —§ > ~ our saddles, where we had hid them, and thathe had a them safe. He also gave us aa account of dis tioe of our horses, and where they were. _ : Friday 9th. There wasa cloudy morning 5 son “4 hunters went out, and we proceeded on for abaut six miles, when’ we | came to the old chief. 8 lodge, ae 2 as family. ise ncamped to gather roots. WE 3 are ae” 2 Sot into a part of the country where uberis plenty, ue Mie: Nexo pine. he aa “Jour WALL : ee iS ait the’ preat ‘tlis” Oi the: Citambia’ and this. * saw more horses, than [ever before saw in the same space of country. They are not of the — largest size of horses, but very good and active. at “toon two of the Indians went fo look. for our horsey a io) gad the | old chief with one of our men who. KNEW. _ « where some powder and bail was buric d, went to bring — our packsaddles. In the evening they all returned | with 21 horses and about as many packsaddles. Our . “horses are generally in good order. Our” hunters _ : also returned but had killed hothing. 4 - os “Saturday 10ch. At dark last night the weather be- | came cloudy and it rained about, an hour when the rain turned to snow, and it continued snowing a night. In the morning the weather became clear. i Where we are lying in the plains the snow is about five inches deep ; and amidst snow and frost we have nothing whatever to eat. Without. breakfast | ane started to go to a village of the natives, who live on” a braneh of the river, about a south | course from t is place. We travelled through the snow about 12. ae miles, and then went down a a long stecp descent ys ees se the branch where the village i is situated: When we ae —. were about half way down the hill there was not abe ee particle of show nor the least appearance of: it. ae 3 a was about 3 o’clock when we arrived at the village ey co ia: ete Commanding Officers held. conversation _ with the natives, who informed them that they had — as ' not more provisions and roots, than they wanted GF ee _ themselves. | They, however, divided their stock with. us; and: told us what they had. given was all eee “they could spare ; but drove up. some horses, and told — ae _ “us to shoot one, which we did. They then offer eae * another, but that: was reserved for ancther time, hae re dressed, the ‘one we had killed ; ‘ and n . tion Sen af Er gone eating. - We. 212 Sundae 11th, T his wes a hs lean arompide : . and oy we lay here ali day. The natives treat us Wery. well}: 28 the Ollicers practice as physicians imong their. sick, a and they gave them avery handsome mare and colt. _ About 12 o’clock our hunter came in and brought . two deer with him. We now find a great many more men among the Indians than when we went. down last fall; and several chiels, which had then been out at war. In the evening tie natives kpponent : in six more of our horses. | ae Afinday 12h. We had another eee morning and remained here also to day. The natives in the .gourse of the day gave us four horses, one of which -. => wekilled to eat. We also got bread made. of POOLS, _ which the natives call Co-was. and sweet roots which they call Com-mas... In the afternoon they brought ta three more of our oid stock of horses.* a i J : 2 of ” ; \ { 5 “pi LPS i — f The information yet acuured: furnishing: but few cer- “tain data, on which a correct general view of the country ~avest of the Rocky Mountains could be founded, especially — on the south side of the Kooskooske,. Lewis's river, and the q Columbia after its confluence with that river, it would only _be attempting impostureto pretend to be able to § give it. A few observations, however, may be of some ‘use to such rea- crs, as have paid but little attention to the Seeger of eae our country, and prompt to further m@uiry.. | Between the Rocky Mountains, whieh: ranning a ‘north. west. course, are said to enter the North Sea in latitude Coe bas ‘north, and longitude 135° west from London or 60° west from Philadelphia (about 11° west of the mouth of the Col ~ : . ~Tumbia) and another range of high mountains, running nearly | _ . iu the same direction along the coast of the Pacific, there $s a large tract of open country extending along # here ies vivers. and towards the north, in breadth fror «350 or 400 miles; but wi oh by Mr M’Kenzie’s - a Cae appears: to be contracted in the latitude of his’ rout near eke ta A 3 Grd degree to the breadth of dbout 200° miles, wherethe - country is rough and covered with timber. Mr: - represents some part of these mountains | to. be of Wa or thei soelat suinmits 108 n the =. te 2 ‘ ait, Be cb ton ck JOURNAL. - Nei al 13! A We had a thie morning with white ; ing collected our horses we found we had and a pretty! good except 4, which were studs ae id had sore backs. At noon we proceeded down ap the branch, which has ae good deal ‘of cotton wood, “giblogtlte situation of bin paler < oittihey round a acne fire”? the first evening of the day, which they had begun to ascend » _ these- mountains on their return, and which was that. of the” > 26th of July; he observes ‘even at this place, | whieh is only, as it were, the first step. towards gaining the summit of the Tountaihs, the climate-was very sensibly changed. Thal Se air that fanned the village which we left at noon, was mild and cheering ; the grass was verdant, snd the wild fruits . Pipe around it. But here. the snow was not yet dissolved, the ground was still bound by the frost; the herbage had = gearce begun to spring, and the crow berry bushes were jis ss to blossom.” e ts the T@coutche or Columbia viver from finding a direct. : course to the ocean, and forces it in a direction somewhat east of, south; to traverse by various windings that large: tract. try, until it arrives near the 46th degree of latitud a, ~ when it) curns to the west, and at Ienpth hinds its Way PtO t ne _ Ocean through the Columbis waney. the nformation gained by the Fie espe dietih | by oyage, the discoveries of ‘Captain Cooke and. others, it- appears there are great quantities of timber, . chiefly « of the pine or fir kind, between the shore of the Pa | - cific and the chain of mountains which ran near it ; but be-. tween these and the Rocky for untains, €8 pecially ‘Sputh ee _ M’Kenzie’s s rout, a great part is open prairie or plains al- most totally’ without timber. Mr M’Kenzie says of the in- F Giamaation of the chief, who delineated for hima sketch of _the river and country on a piece of bark, ‘As far as his know- — ledge | of the river extended, the country_on either side was devel, i in many places without wood, and abounding in red > ie leer, al id. some ofa small fallow kind.” e. Ace ing to'the yerbal relation of Mr Gass, the land on ~ the Columbia i is generally of a better quality than on thee - Missouri ; i and where a greater number of roots grow, stele _ asthe natives subsit on. The Missoiiri in its general course — ork, rooked and rapid than the Columbia ; but BS Ses ; ‘ ter has x 4 : eae He hi) a ae This range of loft y mountains pre- ore. bi ae or "cataracts y and its water is . ee ‘os, ey o« bring in the meat; and we set about forming a » Mee is x we * encamp until the show shall have sufficiently melted ‘to admit of our crossing the mountains. At dark the canoe came, but it being too late to cross we en~« x OMe Rt. JOUR NAL: willow and cherry tree on its brane 3) pers isa Sadia: vapid stream about 15 yards wide. V Veskept diva the branch about four miles ;: and then came to the river where it passes through a beautifill plain. Here we halted to wait for a canoe, which we expect- ed that some of the natives would bring up the river, to assist us in crossing ; when we intend to camped on the south side. Wednesday 14th. The morning was pleasant: with 3 some white frost. Three hunters went over very early to the north side of the river. All the rest of the men. were employed in collecting our horses and taking over the bargage. About noon we got: all he : a the horses and baggage over safe ; and met vgth o our hunters, who had killed two bears, some distance : off. So two men were dispatched with him to eamp at the remains of an ancient village on the north side of the Koos-koos-ke river. We were accom- panied. by a number of the natives, one of whom gave us a horse; and three more of our old stock were brought in by them. In the afternoon we had an _ operation performed on seven of our horses, to ren-_ : der them more peaceable ; which was done by one of the natives upon all but one. In the evening the men came in with the meat of the two bears; and alse our other hunters,who had killed three more, - _ all of the grizly kind. We gave some of the meat. to the natives at our camp, who cooked it in their _ ewn way; which was done in the following manner. oa They: “first collected some stones and heated them, upon which they placed.a part of the meat, and upon the meat some sma -brugh, and so alternately. meat — and brush, until all the meat was en ; when saree: ee . was covered. with brush ~ Oa with € Pi 80 “JOURNAL, “ ee Saat ‘4 re) Scan it in this way. “The ae a ae t our nese Mere BS Oe h. This was a fine morning, ited | 8 went out early. ~The rest of the party - " cwere engaged. making places of shelter, to defend - #hem- from the stormy: weather. Some had small sails to cover their little hovelsy and others had to make frames and cover them with grass. Around. our camp the plains have the appearance of a mee ae dow before it is mowed, and affords abundance O88 ae food for our horses., Here we expect to remain a. *, month before we can cross the mountains. The na-. | tives staid all day atourcamp; and oneofthemhad =~ md his neck a scalp of an Indian, with six thumbs, me a, eg of other Indians he lalate killed in bat- : a he nation ie — hheve 0 nations have bein age at war dad - _ destroyed me mers of each other in a few years ‘ Fr Mai oie nation to ‘he Pacific accents, the a arms of. the Indians are generally bows and arrows, ru i andthe war-mallet: The war-malletis a club with a> darge. head of wood or stone; those of stone are _ generally covered with déather, and fastened to the % | _end ofkthe club with’ thongs or recat of tepther: and the Mews of animals.* NaN he ie “ae A ene © f # rd “ , 5 Pn eee a ~ F rs a iblisher iiss seen one of these stone heads, lately Hatfield, the farm of Mr David Davis, three 1 from , sburgh onthe Allegheny river. itis of a hard sr ‘of stone and weighs seven ounces. It is nearly spi | witha groove cut round to hold, as is supposed, ms str ee which it is fastened to the club. Mr Gass says it is “ex : ct Oe annie’ aor to the west ard. Thete 1 is at8 a mg OURN AL are Une atcamban cues of our poi sae in and had killed nothing but aon, C $33 fourm con tinued out. — : te oe a Oe ‘ Lriday 16th. .T he morning was cloudy and some pain fell; but in- about two. hours it cleared away we had a fine day. JAn, Indian | p' med tk i ing operation on two more of ‘our. horses. In the - “evening two of our hunters came in, and brought with them two ‘deer and some ducks. ‘Two of the ik -hant ies still remained out. T he natives all left our fo camp this..evening:~.¢. ees a ‘ oe Dhursday 7th: We had a , cloudy wet sential: aac | ~@ - some light rain: all day. Our other two hunters came in and had killed two large bears. They said it snow- ed on the hills, when we rained at our. case in the re yalley. “af siete. ie Sunday 18th, “The morning was. ‘cloudy, b out rain; and ten of the party turned out to. hare ~ - None pes the natives visited us yesterday, or to day ; ; -. - qntil about 2.0’cleck in the afternoon, when five came that had not I seen before. They rema , hour and had some eye water put inte which were sore ; after which they } “away, anc ». an old man and his wife came for some medicine, as the old woman was sick. In’ the evening four hun- gle ters came in and had killed nothing, but som e grous. Monday 19th. We hada cloucy wet morning. The ee ‘old Indian and his wife staid all night and got more --_ medicine. A party of the men went to some Indian lodges about four miles up the river to buy roots and in the afternoon returned with a good | many. of them. © Several of the natives came to our Sigs 1 the 27 TR and in the evening all went away. | Se, Aue a our old stock of. horses ; ; aad have now ne = os rH ant Rice Se Saud a ey "e . rs 3 a i i x th nothing phic | in se it SO te peste as s a comi er = roun incushion. In cldse combat the war-maliet gileilfully wielded, ee be a ‘Gestructive re aid den Sty . Pl " Pe) et Ye ye mean ay a: oe ott ker : Fw, Ay oe 3 . ¥ - aa Set, ‘ A “JOURNAL. ae UM as cep ; threes two of which the ola aie guide M, ith him Peg two of our hunters came _ tas ‘not killed’any thing. ‘The 7 was fait Need ih ‘of the ern : a . eo ath ea ne) SY) ; i . we had fair Gotker with oe suashine, The We, | o , ters said it also snowed on the hills to day, where ets an 4 | , Were: hunting, while it rained at our camp. About = /* , iz o'clock in the afternoon, another hunter came in _ ae ay and brought a deer that he had: killed. In the after." =" ~- noon four of our hunters again went out. In ig evening there were some light showers. | Wednesday 2ist. There was a cloudy morning.” Two. 88 ore hunters went out; and some men ol a she out. making a canoe to fish i in, when the salmon — come up, as wedo not expect to leave this place be- pe the middle of June. To day we made. a small ee lodge of poles and covered it with grass, for Captatm. © -4. Besay and C ptain Clarke, as their tent is not suffi-. cient to defend them from the rain. At 10 0’clock the e clear, and in the evening, was cold. pe ae vo 2nd. Wehadafine clearmorning with = some white frost. At three o’clock five of our hun. » Sy ‘ters came in with. five deer; previous to which we | a ~ had killed a fine colt. In the afternoon we saw Lr ae ' great number of thenatives on horseback pursuing | — ~adeer on the opposite side of the river. ‘They drove t ~ it so hard that it was obliged to take the water, when. is some of our men went down the bank and shot it, © natives pee ona raft and caught it. Pine ae ae : ~ should not ee of idinae over at all. 7 es oe The frames of their. saddles are made af visite nted, and then covered with raw skins, en they become, ae bind shat) ee bis een jas : Ve C(etia SOS ge tt vay ee RR en ete Coley ead Dy a oe a ae 2 » ’ ae yee § pub 1 7 yt Net AE: te : . } ‘ : 4 it eee. Sed. We ‘again iad a fltes nothing vs ae Oni oF our. ee hicsiits shot a deer ata lick close to eee camp, ‘and wounded it very bad, butitgottethe ~. -yiver and swam over. Two young Indians who had ‘been at our camp all night, then mounted | their” _ horses, swans over and drove it back ; 3 and we killed - it and gave them half of it. The riveris abouttwo hundred yards wide and cold and rapid. In. the afe yn all the hunters came in but. had killed nothing e. Si inte oath. “This “was onthe: tue: pares ie and two hunters went out. One of the men thet. were sick, still keeps unwell, with a bad pain in hissy and is in a eee: state. gues a we 1 There was a ‘olbady jnoroinie, aa 2 some light showers of rain fell. Five more ht unters- Mes ¢ went out to day. In the. evening yesterday . : ae » . of the natives brought an Indian to our camp, who oe had lost the use of his limbs, to sec if the Ste cae : could cure him, and to day we gave him a mete Our interpreter’s. child has been. very sick, but. en ; getting: better. In the afternoon the.two hunters — : he yesterday returned; ‘but had not killed » The weather became clear and we had” 4 a © sie ening, and three more hunters went cut. oe = Monday 26th, This day was fine and pleasant, aa | we finished our canoe and put her into the 4 waters we ae Tn the afternoon | two bunters came in, but had not) >, Killed ey ae: z wer had magebe hie Gees ae at a ee 220 ee ouRNAL of pi rovisions i is eeiaied and we lee Ye taining: to eat : 4 but some roots, which Wwe. get from the 1 a very dear rate. 5 ant | Tuesday 27th. The morning was fair and; sleasant, i and several of our men went to ‘the village ; around — us to procure roots. og hese roots are a good diet, but in general we do not relish them so wellasmeat. We therefore killed another horse to day, which one | of the natives gave us sometime ago for that purpose. ‘He was so wild and vicious that we could not manage: him, or do any thing with him. = ; Our sick man is getting: some better, ma the in- er preter’s child is recovering fast. The Indian, hat we have under cure, had another sweat to day ; ‘and our horses, that have had the quieting epera- - tion performed on them are all mending. In the _ afterneon some rain fell, and three of oar hunters came in, and brought with them five deer, they had killed: three men also came in from the villages : and brought a good ee: of PER. ‘Six at se ol ed out. awit ‘fos Be Wednesday 28th. pfor: < a te oR u r Ne) #3 A 4 sone that the snow is Ravine thes mountains. | er De 10 o’clock the miver ceased ri ue and the weather became clear. = ES ee hriday S0th. ‘The morning was toe we bali Doge AE vo of our men in a canoe attempting to swi ig their hors “5 over the river, struck the canoe against a tree, ne she immediately sunk ; but they got on shore, with the loss of three blankets, a banka aa ay a “and. some articles of merchandize they had with them ie e3 cchunge for roots, ‘The loss of these blankets | oo oe ea, J JOURNAL. 22h j coat our voyage, as a actts are’ ay datce: ng A the party, who have more thanablanketa 3 . The river is so high that the trees stand. + den n the. water. In the afternoon’ one yay rs came in, who with another had killed — q : : = AT e Jee rbich one of them stay ed to take care of - “a 2 ees Ld yay foci Blot. We had a fine clear morning Neate oe! i a Riper: The bunters went out with two horses. _ for the venison ; and two men went « over thevriver 7 ‘te the villages. - Abowt noon a deer was seen swim- o ming the river and some of our men killed it. Our -ganoé still lies under water at the opposite shore, but cs we have a small Indian canoe, that. ‘serves. to. apres in. Tn the. afternoon. the two men came from: the llage with some of the natives, and one of our std. i : i acl of —, col iene is the owed ex ert tne one me Sines: haa a aa. river rose erates in a TD wo hunters went out this morning, and some of i. natives came: to see Us. ales sick “hi, poset is ge me Mie: Tndians, that are siees as. hii as a blanket. “They say tha t the bears from wh rich they get Shesh a shins are a hai mess begun and not ie e old and fero- j : and six ee. ‘s ee: : men, . Le joa@hdan 9 the: men went. aut to ed, Capek | no on th: : “whorhad ‘gone | over to Lewis’ $ river, aes y half days’ jour ney, distant, to get some fish, returned with ya sews Nevy good Psalimon, ‘anid Be eee, ee eas RES Sd ae O22 a. QURNAL. chey bought at the differ ent silica of the nativ em ei Which. they pesied. One of those heb os BS ity 2 T Ae a a ae f ‘eo ery they got the dollars ror Rit Qmake ....4 ' Indian’s neck, they had killed sometime ago. There “are several dollars among these people w h get in some way. We suppose the Snak | some of whom do not live yery far from New Mexico, - : get them from the Spaniards in that quart aes: Snake Indians also pet horses from the ‘Spaniards. — The men had a very disagreeable trip as the roads. _ were mountaibous and slippery. They. saw a pum: ee way of deer, and of the ibex or big-hern,. : \. _ Tuesday 3rd. This was.a cloudy meroing. with a a few drops. of rain; and there were some light show-. _ers during the forenoon at intervals. The ‘viver rises. _ in the bight and falls in the day: time; . which is oc-. ~*” casioned by the snow melting by the heat of the sun. on the mountains, which are too distant for the snow water te-reach this place until after night. In the evening three hunters came in with the meat of five _»,. deerand a small bear. Sais eis ef. the: tygee eons / >. nued.at-our.camp.. ee 3 Wednesday 4th. Tt: ek slouly: alraost ‘all last night, and for some time. this. morning. The 2i~ ver. fell considerably yesterday, and in the. ‘pants “} . “Pose only. an inch and an half. At noon one of ous: hunt rs came in with two deer he had. killed.. Snes ale. es clear and, pleasant. neg is : ie rsday 5th; There was.a fine pleaeuen eaten es with heavy y-dew.. In the afternoon four hunters came . in with the meat of five more deer, and a bear. » An Indiak came with them, who.had been- part.of the way. over the mountains; but found the road too bad and the snow.leo deep to crnss;, SO we are ae tor - vee remain where Wwe ave. som¢ tum: segte is | Be yee a, Pi BONS). i a a # Ae “JOURNAL. oe ¢ foots at at the ellagen, and in the evening: sind bibs ee We hall a ‘ahesty morning: with a. I went over with five of our party — the other side of the river; and — | ae Se pestle feats The fa ished a, - at ‘the tees | pases ie naebee: pati came to mig e visit us, one of whom gave ahorsetoone of ourmen, =~ . who is very fond of cor uersin ge: with them: and- of area le arning their language. ee Lae te ae a Sunday 8th. There was a. Neate martin ; ie oe our twa men’came over from the village, and ahuns ter, who had been out, returned without killing any: © things » ‘Several of the natives still stay about our he ue _camp, and are of opinion we cannot cross the moun= tains for some time yet. We, however, mean to = remove a. short distance: to where ‘the coca. ae 4 bebe oe se ¢ oat _ Monday This: was a : She phduken’: day. We: ae caught all horses and hoppled them, so that we might get them easily to-morrow. We also ex- — changed some mares with young. colts, and. some 0 Sores the ci eal ho had not a asec. for | ee ‘ wombat, 2 " i Fuesday tothe Wer one, and set out ac : : ed ee. oie: an gebtyed at? tives, travelled about tw s r what we call the Com- -mas flat, where: we first met ae ‘ : es natives after: crossing the Rocky Mountains hee: ; . fall. Here we encamped ‘and some hunters. went a aut. ‘The: com-mas grows in great abundance ‘om Pg gegen ane Bee this time looks hewutiiy being ea Biba ees. 2 ee : ar 4 ‘e i: 4 JOURNAL. deers s Lisi ok Wednesday ih: “We tee! nae some white frost. Several'of | hunt; and returned at noon. and two deer. In) this” pla strawberry vines I ever saw, and ne _ This plain contains about two thou surrounded with beautiful pine ‘timber kinds. The soil‘is very good 3 the popes eey among the timber chiefly service-berry and gt ooseberry bushes. In the evening several of the men ‘started, with an intention of encamping out to hunt; and one went back to our late’ eamp to look for the’horse, which had been left behind. The natives all left us. -.. and we remained in quietness | ‘by ourselvess * Thursday \2*h, We had ‘a fine lovely ‘morning with a heavy dew. I went out with some of the party ‘to hunt; about 8 o’clock the musquitoes bécame very troublesome 5 and at 10 we all came in without | any success. About the same time the ‘man, who had gone back for the horse returned with him. .A- ‘bout an hour after four bunters, who had been out during 1 the night came in; three of them had been without success, but the other brought ‘in two deer. Le here are a good many deer here, and some bears, — ut they are very wild, as they" are much ‘pursued by ‘natives. There is no game of any other kind, except squirrels and some other small anitnals. The ‘ial squirrels are about the: size of ‘our ‘common grey si squirrels, and very handsome. They are of.a brown grey. colour, beautifully ‘speckled with’ ‘small brown ats, and burrow in the. ground. We killed several them since We came to this camp. ‘The magpie a ie plenty here, and anateeigac” of a diff | Rind from any T had before seen.’ They at _ the size of a common red-headed woodpeck pena are all black except the belly and Bc 2 aft a phe a egperant as i a, ‘ a ay es Oe Re, ~ sourn: AL. : ae ggeee ON eRe . ae are tipped oath a Jeena but ne c ing extends: to soshort adistance onthe fea- at a distance the bird looks, wholly black. saa e of. the. natives came to our camp, 2 as that were, out, returned | evening some hunters Bo | | stay all va fx. the Indian camp | said he hada t * 5) Ath. ADB So) er Be) bed aia : Sih. There was a fine Wega 3 oe ae ' two went out. The Indian exchange ie : vith one of our men, whose horse chad hom. ea covered, and was unable to cross the mo un tains 5 - ae 3 and then went home to the village. - At noon two of | eur men took their loads. and went on ahead. about — . eight, miles toa ‘small prairie to hunt until we should a come up. During the afternoon the men who went 2 out. ‘yesterday. to bunt returned with eight deer. In es 8h ae evening the weather became cloudy. The mus- oe quitoes are. Ory, trouble Somes i+ 4) < lae Saturday 1 14th. “We had a cloudy morning. ‘Bote: a as hunters age ain Went out; at 10 e’clock one came _ er; and in the evening the rest of t them, | - but the bad not. killed any thing. iS | ; a Was a cae wet mer ri fig Bee ‘We La a Eoka hoe with a ae nat 8 of difficulty, a s the. path - was very slippery, but got gover sate ‘to a small prairie, where the - -* who had. gone on ahead had killed two deer and hung them up. We took the meat, proceeded down the — Mo hill and found the hunters. who had killed another wte We pals at a creek and took dinner; then ia 3 | Nhe difficult road on account at mee " fe : BY. rain at intervals dune wg ee ee JOURNAL, % i eyes Oe SAA ae ee ea a ‘ed in a small glade where there ‘was plesty 0 grass ) ‘for the horses. pee “Monday \ 6th. We had ste sant m pectin our H Sagrtet : went A fies or five feet deep. 2 “These | " are so closely | aC , our horses, “and : are all ina Weloite states. ‘We hal ed for dinner ‘at a handsome stream * where. there was some grass for our horses; and in about two hours’ proceeded on again, and. had some rain. In the afternoon we found the snew banks more humerous, extensive and deep: ‘m some of them the snow was as ‘much as eight feet deep. In the evening we came to Hungry. creek ‘(where Capt. Clarke killed a horse last fall and left 3 a sie it for the party) and encamped, that our horses ‘might get some grass as we do not expect they will “get any soon again; and there is not much here. «. Luesday 17th. There was a cloudy morning, but without rain. We early continued our march; took dewn Hungry creek about six miles, and ‘then took ‘up a large mountain. When we got about half way up the mountain the ground was entirely covere . : with snow three feet deep ; ‘and’as we asc nded it as became deeper, until we arrived at the top, where it was twelve or fifteen feet deep; but it in ‘general carried our horses. Here there was not the appear- ‘ance of a green shrub, or any thing for our horses » \ te subsist on; and we know it cannot ‘be. better for four days march even could we find the road or course, which appears almost impossible, without a ' guide perfectly acquainted with the mountains. We _ therefore halted to determine what was best to be done, as it appeared not only. imprudent but hig dangerous. to proceed. without a guide. of any i After remaining, about two hours we concluded it would be most t adviseable to go ore to some epiace. My Seed ee A An = te ete Sr. qn : f cae = ere ae Se ae ¥ pansy ee age oe | SOURNAL: e ea Vood. for pur. roiaes) We Valens, i iy r loading on. poles, tied to and extended, ; Sy covered: it all safe with deer. skins, melancholy and disappointed. At. oy aie 3 and we. proceeded. down = 3 Went up it about two miles, _ i nD t where our horses could The caren plantshereare et buc ding: ite ian rained: bie ay. We of he: ‘The Mioriingy wad ~-veral showers of rain fell during the day. i‘ Je sta ab ut 8. o'clock, and found the pete slippery. quire fae. a Sado, snd two more suindiucet to look for two horses that could not be found. We proceeded — on with four men in front to cut some bushes out of the path ; ‘but did not go far till one of the men cut - himself very badly with a large knife; whenwehad ar to halt and bind up his wound. We again went for- Bb eice he and in crossing the creek the horse of oneof . fell with “coige threw him off, hurt his lee s blanket. We halted for dinner at the i. a eh dined on the 16th and hada te ae st of rain, hail, thunder and lightening, which ee - fasted an hour, when the weather cleared andwe had | a fine afternoon. We-continued our march tillwe came to a small glade on the branch of a creek, a ‘where we encamped, and some hunters went out in — 0 ~ the evening 3° we had left two men to hunt at the = e where we dined. We found the musquitoes Ty troublesome on the creek, notwithstanding the = ‘snow is at so short a distance | ‘up the mountains. At all hight our hunte?’s came to.camp, having killed Hee) 5 i ut saw some large — in the creek, which dh ‘were salmon. Poy ei te ie ‘9th. This was a fine morning ; that our horses might rest and f eur hunters came in and had kill are trying to take some of t _heon the two men who had to look for the horses ca _ them: and with them left at the place we din _ two deer. In the e Le ae es an ty. Saal we ¢ act age sae. as left, as. we have plenty of roots there t as over the mountains. One of our best ho i snagged to day, and was left here. The two Indi ¢ epee! yet ass and i in the evening one of 22 Re ida picasans day. The pohune Meet rly. and the Indians remained nce ee eee had cilled nothing but one ‘small. pheasant. > evening they made another excursion, but we Fe ek Siig Pla ers (: Ae Monday 23rd. “We had ¢ again a fine ‘morning ; and “the men. out to hunt. While they were out ‘ ndian went on... About 10 o’clock. the) ‘in without | haying killed any thing ; aes | gh men. came to our camp with orders ne 3 hind gone fo inquire. a ee eturned, and it was not , wa whe- t one or Rot. ) Tite ge said t JOURNAL, Shad had good lick at the Com-mas fla I ed ten deer and three bears. I immed: with ae of the men ne the: phat and 20th, and V overtone the Ih and. Riedie wie hs os n. ath. There was a ‘dlbads sneeninbil ‘We of the ‘Indians a pair of mockasons, and reed to stay to day.and wait for the party — % oe of our hunters went out, but had no- Success. oa The day keeps cloudy, and the musquitoes are very ountry, that so torments our horses, that they can : pet no- rest, but when we make small fires to keep : them off. At noon two hunters went on ahead to a- ae small creek, to endeavour to kill some. provision, as ‘We cannot-kill any here; and unless the party come | up tonight, I intend to go on with the Indians to- morrow morning. In the evening the party arrived — with three more Indians, and ¥ we all cHenInDed ag ther for thé night... - a _. Wednesday 25th. Thee was a a light shower of rain this morning. We proceeded forward early; and . two men and an Indian were sent ahead to look for the horses we left behind when we were here before. = a hoon we halted at the creek where the two. men > hunting; but they had killed nothing. We here inner, and proceeded on to Hung ty: ereek,"2. org we met the men with the horses,-and fe as 5 ithe e night. A considerable qu se | wt L, 1 Fal leg during the afternoon. Renee Pe ee Ais g 26th We. had a foggy 1 morning a Bee 4 *) age . cath, Ps ae Ha ne te # troublesome. There is also.a small black fly in this _ % SO i at TE ee a ey : at noon, we yeaa at. af Ae eee ‘ baggage and stores. The snow here iches. We took some dinner, en ee for. our horses to eat. sony E mea-_ a We proceeded 0 over some very a and cee snow ; bat cdg riday 27th. We had a ae eee: n o'clock we. renewed - eur. march, — pr f the steepest mountains | Tever 30 s so deep | that we cannot wind alone of these steeps,. but must slide’ straight do ne a “orses generally do not sink more than | ES but sometimes they | wreak ore ta ellies. We kept. on without hal eo BS lock in the evening, when we stopped at ide a K spite the snow was off, and where there was — & erass ; and we here. encamped for the ‘night. was pleasant throughout ; but it a peared le to ‘me . somewhat extraordinary, to be travelli Gover © ‘snow six. or eight feet deep in the latter end of Jun mee The most | of ‘Us, however, had saved our ‘Socks 2 a we expectec d to find snow oa these mountains. ae e- 9. Saturd 2804, The morning was pleasant, we set #: pee, and passed the place where we had _ en- a Z alae on the. 15th Sept. fast when the snow fell on s, After ‘passing | this place. about a mile, we took — tek ea path, and travelled alone eal ee on a 2h we came to a good plac pst d vemained all the aft : hs S feed asth they had but little gre a8 last sig ¢ eth ip ; wi Fv 7 A? pt ie By cae nl 4 a a > ne 1¥ es, Gi ae oF as ; 7s ~ at ‘ eee % by” good abel of roots, hich we. poll 1s ma soup of bales ie very ve Bs nthe ev ‘grass oe other Pertti in abu north side, winter with snow s Sunday 29h. There Was a set out early, precectia over som came to the old eit 3 at fie i : ae re we gifs ns for ‘hie ges ee gs most 2 a desetic rere We. dibed at the glades or plains on : Glade, creek 5. and where there is. good grass, and . com-mas also grows. Two other hunters. went @n ahead and killed another deer on the way. ~ Monday 30th. We continued our march early and had. a fine morning. When we were ready to set. cout, we saw a deer coming to a lick at the hot spring, and one. of our hunters shot it. Two hunters went en ahead. At noon another went ont a short time, _and killed a fine deer. We halted for dinner at the . _same place, where we dined on the 12th of Sept. 1805, as we passéd over to the Western ocean. Af- — ‘ter dinner we proceeded on, and on our way found three deer that one of the hunters had killed and left re for us. In the evening we arrived at Travellers’-rest _ ereek, w sheve the party rested two days last fall, and. _ where itempties into F lathead (called Clarke’s) river, | | ee beattifal viver about one hundred yards wide at this _ place; but there is no fish of any consequence in it ; and, according to the Indian account, there are ‘falls et it, between this. place and its mouth, where it” ned in its water. . One of our hunters killed. empties into we Colu mbia, Six or seven hundred feet coe phigh probably igievenk tha: fish from: ee ‘% Hace we sierra and met hscitoay “coming fd over the 7101 niece aa The Indians still continue és a ‘ “4 Lene to be separated ; some sto the falls of the Mis. i to wf hades and watiees oe Fe “hauling ov pcine wees oe over t at ce We continued here dura tl rf eke viet: arPangements ‘te ‘our sepatatio : | pidaters ‘went out and killed two. deere. oe quits a are bata troublesome at thisyplace. e's it ee 2 a | 3) me hae ‘ é i: * ate PN * x ye ‘Thavedas y ae We atk : collected our horeee and ese ou “and ale dines sae: aa many > The river here is abou =| d very. beautiful. We had to 9 Take a ‘ § afts, | ma in | the: evenl | ner ai aha v ol Bie Missnisr. "Pie son nies a © of the river alled by the natives eee ) _ which means, the road to the buffaloe.* eee Briday 4th. We had a beautiful - ‘morning png 2 " gmnited here some time in order to. > have a morning. 4 ire chataa ple ientifll supply of provisions to. carry . 4 Be _ them back over the mountains. — While our “punters. ) a 4 | Eakin ty Captain Laws and he: party is my to the fulls of the Missouri, mentioned i in Cap- e’s letter ; that taken by Captain ‘Clarke andhis ©” s to the head waters of the main branch ofthe Mis-. -. 4 lich. they ascended in their outward bound. voyare, oe and which is a considerable distance: south of the par ‘course from the falls to the crossing brane ofthe gre % : : Wi sag Mountains, Se eee 5 se ; i i ae a * esi a ce “ és ee $3 Prd : ¥ 4 " ; Nh hs P ay F i de, We: ¥ * ee ey i \ rat ie “JOURNAL. ee Ret nee J ; biocentivias came to our citi saites oa’ ? _Miouatains after us.. At 0 o’cléck our tae oa or ig haa had, not killed any things We ae | from. théec that were killed yoko ie em. Som pean s bes took’a friend e Dy iesearious peor i ee we hae? S€eF -of our veyage and travels. After — taking. irewell of these good hearted, hospitable _ . . and obliging sons of the west, we proceeded ‘ ~. -Tsquet-co-qual-la, through a handseme prairie » 1Omiles, after which the hills come close on a von both sides, and we had a rough _°. Having made 18 miles we encamped where. the” country 5 ae very mou aul sides of the river, ‘which. ‘runs nearly east and Mist isa deep rapid stream about 80 yard : — Saturday 5th. We had another bea set. out early and proceeded on the yesterday. through a rough country; branches or small streams flowing from the » killed one deer, and about 11.0 “clack came e toa} y three quarters: ofa mile widey, all plains, where we me halted to’ dine and to let our horses feed. ‘The. hifie ) 3 @ upon each side are handsomely covered with. timber. Ob is “the firkind. While we rested here one of our, hun- wes ters killed a cabre or antelope. At 1 o'clock We | “DIG. tae ‘teeded.on again up the valley. When We ‘had Cohn! Om about nine abe we came. to. and sro a river, 3 some snow topped Yapartalaes tie 1 ca etal is two or three Laci wide. = allen, ra. ‘the hills. come reve up. : r fortwo miles. After we had passed these né (s Fe acame ye another large and 9 het y + : eo a 8 Be ee “JOUR re four * or five miles wide and: ail siaeie) eee ‘8c me timber on the river banks. In the evening we en- i camped en the bank of ae handsome cree Ww comes in from the north, a bold stream fa Wide. 3 nee ~ Sunday’ 6ths We had a ee ‘clear: mo ning some white frost, and renewed our jourr arly; / saw’ a great many service berries, no et Tr a alg and ee some flax which grows on these p 1S. ao ome about seven miles we crossed a north re “0. the Ce- qual-la-isquet, which is 40 yards wide -mid-rib deep on our horses, with ‘a rapid | ‘current. | Abontiey n miles up the valley we passed a. beauti- Bc os We vent two nfen out ‘every ay hen pect Oe rk. small valley there i is a considerable quantity of cotton nC 7 n wood timbe r; and the musketoes are very troublesome. At 1 o’clock we proceeded on, passed ‘tiver, and a number of old Indian lodges. “As we ny ~ alvance the valley becomes more extensive, and is - all plain. At night we encamped on a beautiful a < ~ ereek, having travelled twenty five miles.” (Our hun- Monday 7th. We had a wet night; andl a ‘cloudy -mnorning. Continued our journey early along the valley, which is very beautiful with a great deal ef _ lover in its plains. Having gone about five mile oe ae tue main branch of the river, which ¢ mes Ra on and ts which | the road on ee i Sys oie (ale Sings river and —s — tie’ 4 number of handsome streams which fall. ‘Into the : ters: killed four deer today. | jal iene = | a phy ithe eiratee ieetreh we came to’ ‘the idea etween the waters of the Missouri ee 3 passed over. the ridge andcametoa v of which run into the Missouri. this. stream or branch abouta _ en | da north course along the side of - Ze ding ridge. for eight miles, passing-a number: ll streams or ‘branches, and at 9 o’clock We. : wight encamped after coming thirty spe dane te Bice vind Mh wes#ay Bia... The AO EMS a “some white frost. “We started a on nearly north ; 3; saw seve ee in the plains, and. after ¢ going t | passed torrent creek, a larce ‘ : "Medicine. fiver. Shortly after, we pass Wwe oan of: the path or sei aravelled r ie ‘ nd ee , ne oe agi res river, ac thigé Sore ks. hats we j BOE: sand ‘one ‘of our. hunters: killed a ”Seabres. In: the afternoon we proceeded d cine river nine miles ; ‘ and. having come in th Gar Re. “today twenty cight miles. encamped for the night 5 a and found’ the musketoes very troublesome. fh aii aoe Na Wednesday 9th. A cloudy morning. . We set out SHOE oie. to go down the river 5 > bat had not proceeded e ee until it began to rain, and. we halted at some old = “Indian. lodges, where we took shelter. In an hours? ‘time the rain slackened, and Mas Prose on; but bad pot npere fee eiore it’ begi - dates rain aes and Sia ty. OME: ~~ peace: f q eG ie - e ar b gs } “ S “ ei: z ty } aS = c Pet ‘as dig tn in fake Bi Si thee was yeny Wager “We ess, here ate 438 by during the afternoon as the numtemes : the whole of it: ; ree mea last eight. * er $ ie cloak we ps § phe ose ‘iver, and in the course of the day our ht J nters pea ; five deer, twoelk andabear. T he Foad was a very mud- ; dy after the rain. The country on bone sides is com- _» posed of beautiful plains ; the river about 80 yards wide and tolerably. straight, with some cotton, wood — timber on its banks ; and plenty of game of different kinds ranging through the. plains. fs i FOAg, 24. miles we encamped for. the Hehe. ogre | | . Friday llth, his was. a fine. morning ‘and we Hy : out early to cross the aplags hawags see eae >. miles, came to the Mis ug early opposite | our ole | encampment. — Here - | a hee ters, in a short time, killed “five buffalo Poa we | os saved the best of the meat; and of the skinsmade | two | “canoes to transport ourselves. and? ‘baggage : across the river. The buffaloe are intlarge droves. about this place. Saturday 12th. Again a fine morning. We went ae out, to colleet our horses and found that ten of them “were missing. I then set out. to look for them, went seven miles up Medicine. river, where I found three ‘of them and returned to camp. Two more went. to hunt for them, and the rest ofus crossed the. river in - our new craft whic ich we find answer the el Ga wey ‘ Tees OP th ~~ “a rn WANES tt Matt not a a. eer ter: surprize eng snow. i shila | : fall. here in the middleof summer, w ‘hen the elevation of this a petot: the country, which divides the eastern from the wes- ‘ter mn waters, is taken i into view. Every person will be able to comprehend, that no small degree of elevation, above its » . ©mouth,’ will be sufficient to give so rapid a course to the — eee “Missouri for upwards of 3000 miles, eyen SupPORIR: thers re Patines ok were, no, great ik fil or cataracts. a eames ober ss OS of y

away. We deposited the. re = and ‘stores ona la large 4 Se, ies rable part. of our ie : : at that if the. | wbtade tth “We had ‘pleasant wWeathien On ue “of. our ‘men started to go down to the other end of | _ the portage, to see if the periogue was safe, which. we had. left there; and in the afternoon the man who had gone a the horses returned unsuccessful ; but as he saw some fresh Indian signs | hectare | “they | were stolen and taken back over the dividing = ‘ridge. Capt. Lewis the refore concluded to take fewer _,™men and horses with him than he had intended on =~ “his excursion up Maria’s river. In,the evening the. -man who had started to go to the other end of the portage, returned without bein there. A white bear met him at Willow creek, that so frightened his that he. threw him off a nong the fect of the nim: (being too near to shoot) | nad sufficient. presence ‘of mind to hit the bear on the © é ad mab, his pls. and the stroke SO ees aes sa that 2 rs si ee : owns caught his horse: shout twe) ) : will attack a man every opportunity. oo informed us, that should his life and hea th served he would meet us at the mouth of fa -enthe d5thof August. ae og _ Thursday \7th. We had a pleasant any - y tieh : wind; which drives away the musquitoes, and aelioves | 240 SN JOURNAL, ce be a He ‘distant’ and returned te camp. These bears are very 2) ameror this part of the cowntry and very danger nis: as Wednesday 16th. There was a fine morning. collected our horses, of which Capt. Lewis tek six : - over the portage; and then started to go up Maria’s S river with and Jeft four to haul the canoes and baggage only three hunters. We continue waggons or truckles to transport | noes on when the men with them should arrive.— The musquitoes are still very troublesome. When Capt. Lewis left us, he gave orders that we d here to repair our should wait at the mouth of Maria’s river to the Ist. - of Sept. at which | time, ‘should he not arrive, \ we were to proceed on and | join Capt. Clarke at the mouth of the Yellow-stone river, and then to return home: but ae. us fran those tormenting insects. ( ° _ Friday 18th. There was another pleasant day: and a went down with three of the men to the lower end _of the portage to examine the periogue and deposit there, and found all safe. We took some tobacco out — of the deposit, covered up all again, until the party ~*~ should arrive with the canoes, and returned to camp. Saturday 19:h. The weather continues pleasant and most of the men are employed in dressing skins, as we bave got all ready for crossing. the portage as soon as the canoes arrive. “The niusquitees: were wae ERY troublesome to day. At 3 o’clock in. the after- >. noon a sergeant and nine. men arrived at our camp : with the-canoes and some baggage. They inform- _ : ed me that they had a good passage over the moun- tains to” the Missouri ; ; and on their bis: a aa otal a pa ud he baggage and ca- ae a en all JOURNAL. Cn ee ng, Apakcs in ‘twenty-five minutes would Boe, . a maa soa well and fit for eating—— 5 is. sale = head. waters of Wisdom rivers eee r } eae safe : a Abe webrale, party thet we he 1e iho at tena aia cn Be Fimo : e: were. Sates We concluded all day, as the men, who had come . were: fatigued ; and i in the iat inh me : : "Monday Qist. A p men eat ot or. fo we Pee probit bene ant pen nate * at 3 and at noon came back witho ut finding « oy at to. look’ if ek 5 Rg them. In the afternoon some more men wen for meat ‘who at Tapone aes ak ‘lag ee 3 were all night. . aie ees Tuesday 23nd. We a a a. morning. Bight of e Ae e us started in various directions to Jook for the horses, ae * and in a short time. two of the men found themes: a . | harnessed them in the waggons and moved on about — - four miles, when one of the < ees broke; and — | they returned to the river to mend it. Myself and | one of the ai a ane return. till pi —_— ¥ Ky and then came ere upon the ines | vy shower of rains = ning ; — we ree Pa . Pons a wee ee JOURNAL. é Wednesday 23rd. Thess. was a ‘pleasant morning - after the rain; and I went with the man who came “with me last night, and joined the party at the river, They had repaired the waggons and puton two mor canoes; one of which was very large and. gave t usa | great deal of trouble, as we could not make axletrees — aH out of the willow that would stand ‘more th: oe , 4 eight miles. At 5 o’clock we pote t sae ds ‘and encamped for the night ; anc tree. Inour way to day one of t -wery bad with a knife, which ‘So tamet: him that he had to ride in one of the canoes. - a ; 4 i Thursday 24th. This was a cloudy motning. ee Be: ri y much indisposed last. night and am'yet 24 ages noe i therefore staid at this camp, and the par- © e iis a ep went baek for »,.more canoes. About 3 ‘clock one of the wags with a canoe arrived; atid the a party. with» nht's having: Tet the. horses feed ‘a while, -% ‘aid taken dinner, they proceeded Lon te ‘Portageriver. . - About an hour after they started a very heavy s ‘shower of rainy accompanied with. thunder and lightning, came on, and lasted about an hour and an half. Af> ter this we had a fine evening, and a little. before sunset the other waggon with a canoe arrived ; when we encamped for the night. . The man who cut his" Jeg is still very Jame and. continues at this camp. 4 Friday 25th, “This was a fine morning with a ve- ; ty heavy dew. The party set out early to Portage river with the canoe 3 and ina short time the men ~ with the other waggon came back ; I was'by this “time so much recovered as to be able to return with . - the pa:ty for another canoe ; which is all we will — tae bring ov ery as the other is very. heavy and injured. ; we and we expect that: ss five small ones with the peri- hes ogues will be sufficient to carry ourselves and bag- gage down the Mics About 2 o’clock the wag= as ee gons met at Willow. creek, when we had another very at ey beavy, showe oe 9 of rain accompanied, suk thande ane. aah > 4 eS ia dee te JOURNAL. 243 a : fighiniag. At 3 o’clock we set out with both the. — ‘waggons and 2 canoes to Portage river ; it rained on us hard all the way, and the road was so muddy that the horses were not able to haul the loads, without the assistance of every man at the waggons. At night we arrived at Portage river, and then had four canoes there safe. | ei Saturday 26th. The morning was gach 4 Fieht « - of us went back to Willow creek for the other canoe, “and*the rest of the party were employed in taking es down the canoes and baggage to the lower end of the» ' portage, where the periogue had been left. ‘It rata. - ed very hard all night, which has made the plains so muddy, that it is with the reget difficulty we can get along with the canoe; though in the even~ ing, after. a, hard day’s labour, We got ber-safe to Portage. river, and the men run her down to the low- er landing places swhere we encamped. A few: ae a efrain fell 1 in the course of the day. bene = pa » Ye 2 sete } 9 _ Senday aTth. Ee fomy in oder to. zo by land ron ah river She rest née % Br ert les and Pesce < be pads. Ol = iy covered with ben sap : _ timer a there ig Re kb inds. goat. . ca § al} Hay goats, ehicn: are too. Hee tas heck run ee poi taken by a ‘single, wolf. The- -welves. having | fixed oe. heir > intended prey and taken their stations, a part oft ne pack commence ue chace,and running itIna ecircle, vals relieved by others. In ie manner they. are one torin agoatdown. At the falls wher the wol ves are plenty, I had an oppor- Pe tunity ‘of seeing eae these hunts. ee ec ae At Monday 28th. The m rhing was fine and pleasant, a oe at an early hour we proceeded down the tere Ti our way we killed six goats or antelopes and seven _ _ buffuloe ; and about one o'clock came to the point at the mouth: ‘of Maria’s river, where we met. with the party who had come down from the falls by water, and who Beil ee arrived 5 and also ier aa sedaag ar RE eee 3h 4 mee nd Ry vr at ae LS " a ernie or. - Bigbellied Indians. who inha- plains up Maria’s river; of which they ck ‘the following account. On the evening of the aptain Lewis and his. ‘party met with eight « oF th eae seemed very friendly and gave a> yes. In return see daige Lewis gee he ue | the ladions: ae then tee oe Cas D -- shot one of them, and- gave him a | who notwithstanding returned the are te aie " hurting e the Captain. So our men got all their own ALN. horses, but one, and a number of those belonging to . “the Indians, as they ran off in confusion x thing they had. Our men then sailed their hos es). and made towards the Missouri as fast as possible ~ after Captain Lewis had satisfied hin aself sb Ne ves vid “pect. to the Seography of the | COL m . ip Fiverin. ( “bout an hour after we landed here, a large bie ar so close to our camp, that one of the me killed it from our fire. “was s cloudy. with some rain ; ; and having made a fire | > ear: and ‘put the skins: to dry. with two"men to attend - im weit : sine made our arrangements for the night. °° ee CPt i 2nd. This was a a He clear suorsing, and nae Wet. ws hunters were sent of in a canoe to hunt 5 3 e and in the. course of - and ready to set out the next Gabenine: he. - Sunday 3rd. We had a fine morning, and at 6 ee o'clock got ‘under way and pre ceeded on. Having — gone ten miles we came up with the hunters whe — » «had killed twenty four deer, We went on very rapid- _ ly and saw great gangs o ‘elk feeding on the shores, — but few buffaloe.. At sunset we encamped | Erne Bee -gone 73 miles. i ” Sa _ Monday 4th. This was shother pleasant day ; a | proceeded. on early. One of the small canoes two hunters did not come up last night. W (2 @tother. ‘small canoe with some hunters bebit nee ae _ proceeded” on. We went very rapidly, an Ae 1 killed a buffaloe, an elk and some deer. TS. nok ‘we passed the mouth of Milk river, hone oe Sioned oa am the current ou hae Pi: ing 248 : | JOURNAL. aot). ne eh his 5th, Last night. was. ions taeeeiae : ‘ 4 was heard at a distance. About midnight the small 4 canoe we left yesterday came floating down with the -current,and would have passsd usifour centinelhadnot hailed it: the hunters in it killeda bear and twodeer. 7 q This Taorning was also cloudy, and we halted here — a a neon in ae aes that ei other canoe © woul . oi noon we ee Hees way. xg bers went on Wey 4 ey K Hed a a very fat buffaloe and some deer 5 _ and i nters. who | et on ahead i in the morning g killed | to | ahd at dark OG Molent gust of wine aa rain came en with thunder and lightening, which lasted about are hour; after which we hada fine clear PA ee i Wednesdny 6th. We embarked early, oad ira ews fine morning, but high wind. :At 12 o’clock the wind blew so violent that it became dangerous - to go. on, and we halted; and some of the men went out and shot a large buck, but not dead and he got into » theriver; when two of them pursued in a canoe and caught him. Having remained here three hours, — we again went on until night and encamped. We . have yet seen nothing of the two hunters who ped. been left behind in the small canoe. SE Thursday 7th. The morning was cloudy, hi we 3 set out early, aftera veRy? heavy shower of rain which. fell before day light. We proceeded on very well, o and about A o’clock around at the mouth of the ae aw. Stone. river. We found that Captain Clarke had been encamped on the point some time ago, and iris chad left it. We discovered nothing to ink : : where he was gone, except a few words wri ten or a traced if the sand, which were “ W FSi a few miles a furth: r down on the right hand sid:.? ‘Captain Lewi Sc on saving left a few lines for the two. men in es canes rf w ; ey » ie JOURNAL. "eae 10 eo ire still ig hone wee d our voyage. At night we | ming above 100 miles ; and tough # ‘reac at the place of our SEE: be _ a fa Boe clear sic morning ‘oceeded on early and in a fi a ain Clarke’ S Se: At eons we left oe ‘falls of Brae souri. A pal ty of men went out to bunt | ad killed som me elk ¢ deer ; the rest were emplo yed 1 cabre skins. oe | : | Saturday 9th. This. was cephee fine dey ‘ a io Fg most of the men were employed as yesterday; and a in making small oar's for ~~ Fang’. . eye them Ae, Sunday loch. ‘We. had * fine morning al id skins, ‘until 36 flack | in the afternoon, when. West eee _ the periogue completed, loaded our craft, and at Suk ae _ e’clock proceeded on to the mouth of White-earth = river, and encamped opposite iton the samebottom, where 1 e-encamped on the 21st April 1805. In the “vafternoon, some drops of rain. fell ; and the musqui- toes here were very bad indeed, | Monday 11th. The morning was” pleasant ; ‘and oa ‘we set out early ; passed Captain Clarke’s encamp- _ ment of the night of the 8th Ifistant, and proceeded : Oey, on to the | urnt blulls, hi? os saw a gang of bea? oy moe feeding. Hy | Ee ‘inn Fae. a party _ en to ‘endeavour t to kill some “of them je ie Pinter 5 we - saw. hatte: gang ; : ita We. Captain Lewis. and one of the men went m. a a short time Be. aie Lewis is Tes ee ' ik so» - We oy Ly ee wy r ‘ ‘ as JOURNAL, ae ah i turned wounded and very cathe: aleerie ed us to our arms, supposing he had sh Yndians. Having prepared for an attack, I. re _ with three men ‘8 yecomnoitre and exami e the | 2 es, which are very thick at this. place, al 1 no Indians; but after some. time met 7 who went out with Captain -quiry that he had shot him hips, and without knowing it Having made this. discovery we ; —. 3 ae i ? * Bay examined ane di | | y ; ee and foutd the ball, which had pita gh Osetia : The canoes having. come down, we proceeded on, after. dressing two elk that had been killed at this ~ place, and passed an encampment which Captain Clarke had left in the morning. We found a note here informing US; that the Indians. had stolen ll the horses which he had ao with a serjeant and party, from Yellow Stone river, and that the serjeant with the party came down i in skin canoes and. met. himat ns ces Www Crist pees ‘ohosome cipeaiiee eau d encamped. - Tuesday 12th. The morning: was , pleasant andy we proceeded on. Captain Lewis is in good spirits ; but his wound stiff and sore. Having gone about nine miles we met with two men on the river trapping and ‘hunting. Captain Lewis gave them some -ammuni- tion, and directions with respect to the river above. ‘They informed us that Captain Clarke and party had ee passed them yesterday at noon. We j roceeded on ~~ and at 10. o’clock overtook Captain Clarke and his oe Loe party, all In good health, The two men with the . i a, smail canoe, who had been’ some time absent, came - down and joined at the place where we me two strangers ; and now, (thanks to God) together again in rood. health, except Captain | , wi -* and his wound is not dangereus. Oa After the Corps were seperated among, the: n = is ste a Pt before ‘iaceotoke Gapiatn Clarke’ S party a on to the: ‘Canoe deposit, near the head | of Wn 0”, inch of the Missouri (called Jefferson’s — ving descended with the canoes to fe ame \ch, which they called Gallatin, Cap- yes on men left gest at were to take es ‘es alls : wae fh 100 D aniles: e twoc 5, and C Be a ith « six other men by . % dey after the sergeant.and his party had S the Mandan Villages, the Indians stole the w the horses, andthe party were obliged to descen ae ‘yiverin skin cano Ss Caipestt Clarke’s party in their g ‘rout had found. game plenty of different kinds, buf- faloe, elk, deer, beaver, ottér and soine other. animals. oe “They also found the Yellow- Stone river a pleasant Me oe and ‘navigable stream, with a rich soil. alon ut a © ‘timber'searcey * be ig ; We here took’the men on board and left the Duke eis _ faloe canoes. | — At aight we encamped ona sand _ beach, as” ‘thet ‘musketoes are not SO bad there as in se the woods. ae pes ae "Petes £8v%, “nti a stormy night we wind and . | rain we set out ‘early i in a fine morning ; a about: nine ‘o'clock passed: the Little Missouri and ‘went on very well during’ the whole of the’ day. ‘Tn the” evening — ‘those ‘in some of thé small canoes, which were eae oi “saw Indians, who fled before: they could speak oe : he ae night we ‘encamped opposite an old win- . gu lage of the Grossventres, which had rted some time ago. van Phitrsc as y Vath. The morning of this day wa and we embarked Say La, a ‘ahem ibe te - es Src erie The tohsbionls ofall Rp aeeve very glad to see us, and sent ‘gorn, beans ee squashes; Gy 4, + Friday 15th. We had a fine clear pl ing, and continued here all day, ' ] any of the chiefs would go. dow . They had to hold councils ar ted to wait for their answer ‘left up the river came down, Ww - got one of our party to join in partn ss hunt. , Saterday 16th. ‘There was a fine Sul diy ‘ or we ives. _ Some of these Indians are very kind and ¢ ing ; furnishing us With corn, beans and squashes ; hue "there are others. very troublesome, and steal ~ whenever they have an opportunity. Yesterday and to-day, they stole several knives and spoons; and three ‘p ammunition. ‘In the afternoon he ghia’ calla: the Bid Wiens, concluded to go down with us, and we agreed to stay — until 12 o’cleck to-morrow ; that he might |! hate an _ opportunity to get ready for his voyage and mission. - ’ The Commanding Officers gave discharges to the ~ yaan who agreed to return with the hunters up the _ river, and the interpreter; who intends settling among these Indians, and to whom they gave the. ~ blacksmith’s tools ; supposing they might be useful tothe nation. They alse gave a small piece of ord- © nance to the Gressyenters, whigh they, appeared fond LS a Sunday 17th. There were some flying clei ‘this ee? ; vee and the weather | cold for the: “nny B. Z Hn ee S$ = Wee! ace ger Ape NOS AN og tie eg Vp ES ries oF and to ‘return up the rivers ‘Missouri and Jeune t to. yet remained here, waiting an answer from the ae, owder horns, and two amas. filled” with a ed je lec 1 OU NAL. 4 h ; 0 Reins bisiters, ith the man who. had re- ved his discharge and was to. go up the river with | r, two and two, as we expect they will be eady this way and carry larger loads. At we dropped down to the village of the Big- — d river Soaeh pene in se ebeniies ing descended about twenty miles. i apemmped 7 “ne; and the wind high. At 10 o’clock we killed two — deer, when we halted for an hour and cooked some. venison. Inthe evening we encamped, and some a _ the men went out and killed five or six more deer. _.. Puesday 19th. This was a cloudy windy. morning ; : 5 oe and the awater so. rough, that our small canoes could -- pot safely ride the waves: so we Pyeng here and — ute getbeal of the men went out to hunt. e do not go -@n so rapidly as we did higher up er river: but. having lashed our small canoes together, we go on - yery safe and can make: fifty or sixty miles a day . Captain Lewis is getting much better and we are all in, good spirits. At 3 o’clock in the afternoon the wind ceased, and. ‘we proceeded on, ard met with our hunters on the bank, who had killed six elk and - eleven deer. . We took the meat on board, proceeded on, and encamped on a sand-beach. — moh Wednesday 20th, We embarked early after a heavy » gust of wind and rain, and proceeded on very well. he. forenoon was cloudy, without rain ; and in the pes - afternoon t we found the musketoes very troublesome. ie cu 4 hursday 21st. We. proceeded on early and had | a ine ene At 10 e’clock we arrived at the. firgt ak 5 My went on early. * We lashed our small canoes | | ap bis Ads and a ahergrer with se si ra Mackey 18¢h. We set out early in acloudy : morn- | wh : ‘the weather became clear and please fs We went about seventy miles, and encamped ; where ate 954 | JOURNAL. village of the Rickarees, and taleds In our way here we met three Frenchmen in a canoe; one of ~ them a young man, who formerly belonged to the North West Company of traders, wished to go with — us to the United States; which our Commanding Officers consented toand he was taken on board one. ef our canoes. When ote halted and landed at the villages, the natives gene ally assembled, ; tain Clarke held a council with them ; when th ey de clared they would live in peace with a nations ; bit ‘that their chiefs and; warriers would not goto the United States at pres as they had" sent one chief : already, and he had not returned. There are alsoa great many of the Chien, or Dog nation encamped : ici, in large handsome leather lodges ; ; and who have come to trade with the Rickarees for corn and beans, for which they give in exchange buffaloe meat and robes. They area very silly superstitious peo- ple. Captain Clarke gave one of their chiefs a medal, which he gave back with a buffaloe robe, and said he ‘was afraid of white people, and did not like to take any thing from them: but after some persuasion he. accepted the medal, and we left them.* Here a ‘Frenchman joined us to go to St. Louis, who was in | the service of the Commanding Officers 5 and we dropped down to the village on the e island oF en- camped for the night. | ~ * We think that some further pron i 18 nexcoden to esta. blish the weakness and superstition of these Indians. Had. ‘the rhief persevered in his rejection of the medal, we, in- ‘stead of thinking him: silly and superstitious, would have . been inclined to the opinion, that he was ADS wisest Indian | on the Miseouri. , : hag Yin Sati x i . “f ane » ‘* : a “ vt » A ae | ef | Lathe B) ay _- 22nd, tA hcey was a clou dy wet morn” 1 ight of hard rain, and we staved at this : 2 o’clock. “The natives used us friendly RINK ess 5 ; gave us corn and beans with y other articles ; but none of them would. go down 9.2? with us. At noon we got under way; and having Be proceeded twelve miles the weather became clear, ——~ and we’ halted to dry our baggage, which got very wet last night. At four o’clock weagain wenton, ¢ 5 and hada fine passage till night when we en uae ee we Saturday 25rd We set out early ina fine TOD ee ing, but the wind was high; and we went on ioe Ge > well till near noo! . when the wind blew 60 hard the: “ig - we had to halt, and were detained about’ four hours. _. Three hunters went on ahead by land, and when we - . had overtaken them they had killed two elk and some deer, and we halted to take in the meat. Here we had avery Hoey. shower of rain, which detained us erhour. We encamped at night and found the — 25 very troublesome. | syne 24th, We had a fine morning and went on very well till noon, when the wind rose. and blew so strong that. we were obliged to halt. Having lain _ by ‘three hours we again proceeded, but did not go (0 _ far before we were obliged en account of the wind, a again to stop, and encamp for the night. | AnD — . Monday 251k. The morning was again pleseait,” a and we proceeded omearly, having sent forward two _ . small canoes with five mento hunt. When we had e, gone twelve miles;we came tothe mouth ofthe Chi- at aaah where we halted and staid till pa for the J var aoe of taking an observation. Some ‘Of the men’ = wr ghia fae JOURNAL, went out to hunt, and while we remained hee "killed | morning ; : passed Tectee river, but: saw ‘no three sniall deer. At half past 12 0 ’clock we pro- ceeded on again, and in a short time overtook our canoes with the hunters, that had gone on ahead, and | killed three deer. In the evening we encamped in a ice: Bes handsome bottom, be a hunter killed epotien the Teeton band of the Sioux nation. Int we passed Landselle’s fort; but found ne p habiting it. At dark we ene RIpey after coming about sixty miles. ednesday 27¢h.- “We ‘again had a pleasant day and embarked early : proceeded on till we came to the upper end of the Great-bend, and there stopped | to. hunt.* As our hunters saw no game, we In a short time continued our voyage round the bend; at the ower end of which we killed an elk. As we were passing an island we sawa gang of buffaloe feeding en it; when we halted and killed three of ies, and | encamped on the island for the night. _ | eile 28h. We had another pleasant day j :. *-In a former eeceamohicn note ‘ie 62). we ated that. the place where Mr. “Thompson, Astronomer to the North West Company, took his observations m the year 1798 to ascertain the latitude and longitude efthe northern bend ot: “the Missouri, was near the longitude of the Mandan villages. — If what Mr Thnivsen called the northern bend is the same with what Mr Gass calls the great bend (of which there ‘appears little doubt) the longitude of the Mandan yillages wih be between two and three degrees west of the norther n, or great bend; or in about longitude 104 degrees west of — : Lod lon, 29 degr ees west of Philadelphia, I} 3:2 degrees west of the mouth of the!Missouri,, and nearly 20 degrees east of the mouth ofthe Columbia. This will stillshew the _ great errors of those maps of Louisiana, which place the > Mandan villages 20 degrees west of the longitude ef the te _eonBuence of the Missouri-and Mississippi; and less” than, 18 degrees east of that of the mouth of the Columbia. et "JOURNAL. gene oer ‘ae emi hed aot. and baidiocted! ‘on an about he ee 5 o'clock, when We afrived at Pleasant camp, and het : ed. We left this camp on the 18th September 1804.- ns | ommanding Officers wishing to procure ‘and ie ce down with them the skeletons of some mule | ne: us oy Me l cabre ; ;.and knowing that there were but’ mina pee 4 animals Jower down the river, continued | aN . er. mainder of the day, and sent out six or who returned at night without finding ie! sae. but killed some fat ‘ Friday 29¢h. “The morning was Hondy andl gore hunters went on ahead very early; while weamused ~ ourselves till 10 o’clock gathering » onoelige of which there is great dbundance at this place. We then | went on, and passed White river on che soutty sige. 3, 4 ’ The Missouri here is” very full of sand bars oC een ana! and we find difficulty in getting along, About be Hea SN aN Clack We" halted to kill some buffaloe, but were a unsuccessful, and we ‘proceeded, ol evening y and: ene Saturday 30th. We had a plea ant morning, and went on ‘early, three hunters starting ahead. ake ‘killed some buffaloe and elk in our way, and about 2 he 2 o’clock met a band of the Teetons, fifty or sixty in number, and halted “on the opposite side of the Go rivet as we did not wish to have any intercourse ~~ with them. Here we waited for three i UBtE'S, who were behind; and during our stay cight or nine of the Indians swam to a sarid. bar about sixty yards: from us, and we found that they were the same'ras- cals, who had given us trouble as we went Ups VG ee is could not converse with ‘them, but one of our men > understanding the language of the Ponis, of vane they understood some words ; we thro ugh him let - ny them know that we wanted to have nothing tor do with them ; and that | if they t roubled Us, we e would ail pigs one ‘of them. | They then withdrew, Rees. aN pee “JOURNAL, ae whole party lefé the river andl ictoae to the hills. | Our three hunters returned, and we proceeded on, - and in the evening encamped ona sand bar in the | V¥iver. | ‘ a Sunday 31st. T here was 2 ela morning, aban a \ disapreeable night of wind and hard rain. We ‘set out early ; went on very well all day, and in the even- ing encamped, where we fonna sy 1 very” _ troublesome. : eee ee lst Sefit. 1806. sine at ed Yonktin bane of the Goda nation of In- * cians on the south side of the river.. We halted and rave them some corn, and then. proceeded on. » with wn unfavourable wind. At night we arrived ‘at our. ) encampment of the 3ist of August #804, where we © held a treaty with a band of the Sioux sap and en- ; camped for the night. + ; 4 Puesday Qnd. WwW e hada fine morning, but Miah “4 wind; set out early, and went on till noon, Wienowe .°: halted, and some men went out and killed two fine fat. ~_ buffaloe cows; and brought in the best of the meat. ‘The musketoes are very troublesome. We again started and went on about two miles, when. the wind han blew so violent that we had to encamp for the night, | 2 ena large sand bar, where the musketoes are not so, ° | ak as where there are woods or bushes. : a Weenesdar y 3rd. In a pleasant morning we got Me ee underway, and went very well alt day. As “bout 5 o’tlock in the afternoon, we meta Mr. Aird, -attader, who was, going up the Missouri, and we en-— Ma a : camped with him. Atsunset a violent gust of wind - + and rain, with thunder and Reaping: came on and : ihe a lasted two hours. en bos) Thursday 4th. There was a wehoude morning | “ehangel, some corn Ww th hee Aird et ae 4 if oe came to. our old carne near the Maha’ ie ee 3s where we halted to dry our baggage, which got very | wet last night, and remained all night, The natives. ie are all out in the plains. | Me o) eae via ‘Sth. ‘This was a fine cmnoreliy and we the oe + eA: elonging to a Mr. ‘Sy ott 10 | merchandize, for m “purpose oe: pe i : ‘the Sioux nation of Indians. We got some spirituous liquors from this party the first we , & had tasted since the 4th of July 1805, and remained - with them about “three hours ; sent some hunter: a head and proceeded on till about 3. o’clock in the afternoon, when we halted and waited for the hu _ ters at the place agreed on to meet. them, but tl ae did not come in aud we encamped for the night, Bod Sunday 7th... We had a pleasant morning. 68 he | 4 hunters not having come in we left a canoe, with directions to wait till 12 o’clock for them ; and pro: ceeded on. ‘About 9 o’clock we met with our hun- — ters, but they had not killed any suOBs ; andat 11: halted to hunt and wait for the canoe. In : “short time we killed three elk and brought. in the meat 5. and the canoe having come up we proceeded OD, - and at sunset encamped. The musquitoes are aP* sO! ce W i ~ troublesome as they were some time ago. — To «Monday 81k. We again had a pleasant morning, 5 ee Me and, proceeded on early; at 10 o’clock we passed — - council bluffs where we held the first council with — ‘the Ottos on the Ist, 2nd, and Ssrd of August 1804, as z ‘ pend) in the evening encamped on a smail island, has te owe ieee on a y awell during the day. iat a ee t= or ee ae, JOURNAL. Tuesday 9th. We cued catls nie i in a pone _ time passed the mouth of the great river Platte; went a4 on very well all day, and at night encamped on a ad eae! beach opposite the Bald-pated prairie... © 7 Wednesday 10th. We had a pleasant pees : embarked early and went on very well. At 4 0 clock fe P. M. we meta periogue with four men, going to wal trade with the Loups or Wolf Indians, who live eup “the river Platte. | We e remained with these men a- bout an hour, got some whisky from them, then continued our voyage. Ina shor ‘another periogueand seven men, goin: adc he Mahas, who live on the Missou some time witi these men, ‘then proc sapien encamped on a -willow island. — C7 ‘hursday 11th. We set- out early; an oe cloudy morning, and light showers of rain during — the forenoon... Attwo in the afternoon we stopped to hunt, and soon killed two deer and a. turkey : then : proceeded onand at sunset encamped on an island. * | Friday 12th, The morning was fine and we -again embarked early. In half an hour we met two. ‘ -periogues going up to trade ; staid with them asbort _ Ca ga ee a went.on.., About an hour after we'met ~ © eS Withee Mr. M'Clelland i In a large boat with twelve nt cre ‘Men going up to trade with the Mahas. Our com-| ee “Tanding officers were acquainted with Mr. M‘Clel- —Jand, and we halted and remained with hina all day, order to get some satisfactory information from ‘him, after our long absence from the United States. _ He, and two Frenchmen who were with him had ee; severally instructions from the. goverment to make ‘inguiry after our party ; as they were laa to ad uneasy ane us. Saturday 13 We hada ‘pleaaabt morning ate ter some rain oy fell yesterday, and again proceed=. 2 -edon early with unfavourable wind. At tO we hale > “ted to bunt, staid about three hours and balled | pac el tay nd K a c. a x i ’ Oras f » m2 ap os ‘ : Pat belsy v3 , : , “JOURNAL. Bonds 261 eta a then apridned our’ voyage to sunset and a mp Ren vibe fad a few Ss Ssodacrtcay Pag erga ; ” a8 ue: morning we an on | ent very. “hee Awatih. 3 0 ‘clock when wee different nations af neon for the ia cs de: The people in them were very glad — dgave ussome whiskey, pork, and as ed with them two hours and again went | > killed five deer on the aba to ne as we_ wn: ar Ww a egg bo ‘hot ae suns ih We paca. on: pearly f and at 9 ‘clock met ‘ periogue with eight men, going to trade wit -Ponis nation of Indians on the river Platte 2 ae gs 'y miles from its mouth, At 1 amet a batteaux and two canoes going up to the K en was nation, who. live € on a river of the same nz as, halted with them a while, then proceeded [ e - and at sunset encamped on an island. Wednesday \7ih., We went. on early. and had a _ pleasant day, but very’warm. One of our party last _ night caught a large catfish, supposed to weigh | 100 a * papnde.: _ We got a great many papaws on our A mee to day: a kind of fruit in great abundance onthe _ | Missouri from the river Platte to its mouth ; ae _ also down the Mississippi. About 11 o’clock we pas= , sed through a bad part of the river, where it was 7 oe : | ¢ $0 filled with sawyers that we could hardly find room | BON to pass through safe. About. two in the aflerobod? hs cea a large keel-bout, commanded by a Captain yn aay oh "ad + 7 aa fv at . baht 2 JOURNAL. ae ‘ | M‘Clanen, loaded with viierolendine aha d yu nd the Spanish country by the way of the river Platt He intendedto go by land across the mountain, ‘and met the Spaniards to bring their gold and silveron this side, where he could take his goods and trade ee with them. He had fifteen hands, . an interpreter : andablack. He intends to discharge his men on. . this side of the. mountain, and to get some of the — Ponis, who live on the river Platte to accom’ him to the Spanish country.. Mr. M‘Ck. our party as much whiskey as they cou _ a bagof biscuit. Some of the men were _ ahead in two small canoes to hunt, and awe ped here for the night. a I o. Thursday 18th. We gave Mr. M walk corn ; tok our sage 4 of him al » was a. fine day, ie at aay light we, in cl our voyage ; passed the mouth of Mine | Saw séveral turkeys on the shores, but did tdelay a moment to hunt: being «so. anxious to each St. Louis, where, without any important ‘oc- currence, we arrived en the 23rd and were received with great kindness and marks of friendship by the Pills inhabitants, after an absence of twe years; faur ce emont hs. and ten x days : oe Seca ie \ “ ' } MRR 60 fl wa ts gil awe ‘ ip ee a et SPR ; ¢ € -\p ep Re é Or ge? . c a “Ss ee d \ ye ‘ f Ries ie - ? , . , . a : ‘ F ae : ie) alae “ : he be ‘ LARS A SON ALY ey : % . 3 gayi ~ oe vy we ¢ a 2 4 a yi, in aS va ae ; , : aide Mae re gs a Pe i (a ag APR OR) es aa , \ ° : i te © ae Ey Wrest os , Shy \ e s, # i ; z ¥ / ai 7 Mit - " x , . ee ; (* agi Nee : 4 Were t ih al “ ahs Nr 4 } ay OF LY 4 ~ eas nbd