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[ ‘ ‘ een enaen Shee reer veel tele dade rural ih she takers matte Le alievten es iets ih iat iss a WRAY Ge ‘ gs Sora Bteuwen ts mes -- MUU MER TOR LEAT AE PALLET ME Et Vendy Wyte eer Pe FeE EEL EN Qe GENT anh 18) any he ath 10 EE Nap aK Shener ens: aman 85 eel mu \ ee Many? verse prea td wend vnites su wi ian Wat rhagpewy re _ Shi) Geely bank eed bl tee © mee hese ton - as aa¢ ees vad 4 +t VE STUTOS SUPA AP ON Ted Py bs Gann U8 gh gid ¥ rhiave Vedeneot t wy + 9° 8 Fe Lege Pereeieg |) eptetyigens oe oS ee ane ne th. tal it te) SR CURD AEE NY ge fee ye ahr RDS Pe pe teeny) iy sere a) pate At Ss Pivtdee ee elolwes —= y ’ : J yt ’ ahi SRE . i ‘ « t ny VT LTE ‘da sh day Neat tae v tia yay Tyrer Bivinits He ith es Pelee Cte ety : “ ene tata iy r ‘ i ee DSP RGELE es OL GE Bh) dene lows Merit ' Me wairlea® te oO Reale eee le ty Th be ttle Ao k Ly paaanbete > ( : ' Lee RRR) ye Kt Lie : PAD EPR SOR eR I EU Fahy tata! AY average rariath eens eS tar ieevtee het < - > een +t 4 } 4 vt eur Watite! ¢ bs | PRET E LR Prd tla et eee) v oe ane tat “wits i ’ “ . eer niet Nara NT Si eAdRT UALS COTA SHEL TLSE) P8ere) SWtRg Hat bad AN ESY IP et weegh HL epee Ca ene Maladies butachetatalbe Sivesedoecests =e.» Leah otan al ’ ve Sc hate (H) MTD ma AaL tha Vane Oa ede at ed) aya ty OO ep WET) Bm bate OF) Coder 5) OPE Rer erat ws SO% ene at npr eae Ae we ltay hed yEPVA Cartels ) HT) hy phous Sie rhe eral e wird tent “get Uirhvy voy evene 39 ae 9s Hee gt RS wae Cake FR) SEES vee 5 ws Oates Se at noe \iiW he 6 wy wit TU okt k SRR LACT fess | Deer Ss Fen y eens eee ee Fe as ewe et reer a ao ae pete ge daly aa CHPPOQIE DE Qube te? eeleVhs vow DME REY Me re wn” ~ Senge bv" Oe] pnasn tec eene see SOREL: TEN Yeas tengcdint acd tant rte aa cal Pa ratraa) | sea Saget beat 4 Spr ives50 udh Sune enmhast Se teaea Geren heise 4 x + ek ; JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOLUME 382, 1942 KE es eee e, ae . if. fF Hae? ~~ a se” } 1ST, Sy, ~ ae oo fe bs i % y \ EF ag) Bi ,eg¥ 7 BOARD OF EDITORS RAYMOND J. SEEGER G. ARTHUR COOPER JASON R. SWALLEN GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATE EDITORS W. EpwWARDs DEMING C. F. W. MuESEBECK PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY HaRALp A. REHDER Epwin Kirk BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY CHARLOTTE ELLIOTT T. DALE STEWART BOTANICAL SOCIETY ANTHROPOLOLICAL SOCIETY Horace S. ISBELL CHEMICAL SOCIETY PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 450 AHNAIP St. AT MENASHA, WISCONSIN ACTUAL DATES OF PUBLICATION, VOLUME 32 _ 1, pp. . 2, pp. 3; PD. . 4 pp: 5 . 125-156, May 16, 1942. . 157-188, June 16, 1942. . 189-220, July 17, 1942. . 221-252, August 14, 1942. ; . 253-284, Sue 15, 1942. 10! pp. 285-320, October 28, 1942. . 11, pp. 321-352, November 16. 1942. : 12, pp. 353-376, December 22, 1942. 1-32, January 24, 1942. 33-64, February 17, 1942. 65-92, March 14, 1942. 93-124, April 16, 1942. ae es a ed ‘y _ } Peeve. 2). 4: January 15, 1942 No. 1 \ 1 ‘ 7 _ WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BOARD OF EDITORS James H. Kempton _Raymonp J. SEEGER G. ArtHuR CooPER U. S. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ASSOCIATE EDITORS Lewis V. JuDSON | Austin H. Ciarx PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ie Haraup A, REHDER Epwin Kirx BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY : : GEOLOGICAL SOCINTY CHARLOTTE ELLiotTT T. DaLE STEWART BOTANICAL SOCIETY , } } ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY Horace S. IsBEuu CHEMICAL SOCIETY PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE MNS WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Me : 450 Aunarp Sr. AT MmNASHA, WISCONSIN Entered as second class matter under the Act of August 24, 1912, at Menasha, Wis. Acceptance for mailing at a special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925. Authorized January 21, 1933. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences This JOURNAL, the official organ of the Washington Academy of Sciences, publishes (1) short original papers, written or communicated by members of the Academy; (2) proceedings and programs of meetings of the Academy and affiliated societies; (3) notes of events connected with the scientific life of Washington. The JourNaAt is issued monthly, on the fifteenth of each month. Volumes correspond to calendar years. Manuscripts may be sent to any member of the Board of Editors. 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Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, Remittances should be made payable to ‘‘Washington Academy of Sciences’ and addressed to 450 Ahnaip Street, Menasha, Wis., or to the Treasurer, H. S. Rappleye, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C Ezxchanges.—The JourNat does not exchange with other publications. Missing Numbers will be replaced without charge provided that claim is made to the Treasurer within thirty days after date of following issue. OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY President: Austin H. Cuark, U. 8. National Museum. Secretary: FREDERICK D. Rossini, National Bureau of Standards. Treasurer: Howarp 8S. Rappieye, U. 8S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Archivist: NatHan R. Suita, U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry. Custodian of Publications: Witu1amM W. Dieat, U. 8S. Bureau of Plant Industry. JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WoL. 32 ETHNOLOGY.—A scientific approach Lanham, Md. Going fifty years ago from western New York to Liberia, and there observing the results of African colonization from the United States, was an experience that in retrospect appears very different from any noted in published accounts of African travel or racial history. The difference may be ascribed largely to the absence of pre- vious contacts, commitments, or teachings of a nature to affect, even unconsciously, the observation and study of racial characters and relations. A prolonged and intensive controversy had raged in the northern States before the Civil War, and echoed widely through the period of Reconstruc- tion, but it was possible in a rural commu- nity to grow up without acquiring any racial presumptions or knowing any Negroes. Visiting Africa with congenial associates was an opportunity that an interest in na- ture could not refuse. Negroes in numbers were seen for the first time at Monrovia and in the settle- ments along the St. Paul River in -Decem- ber, 1891. Two widely contrasting groups were apparent, the civilized ‘“Liberians”’ and the primitive ‘“‘natives,”’ living in sepa- rate communities with the customs and conditions of the native life but little dis- turbed. A racial viewpoint was provided in advance, before the Liberian people were studied, or Negroes in our southern States. 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