1869 THE LIBRARY The Kentucky Warbler (Published by the Kentucky Ornithological Society) Vol. XLI February, 1965 No. 1 PEREGRINE FALCON , from a paintuig by Howard Rollin IIBRARY or THt AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THIS ISSUE NEWS AND VIEWS 2 NOTES FROM THE CUMBERLAND NATIONAL FOREST, Joseph Croft, William Rowe, and Haven Wiley 3 MID-WINTER BIRD COUNT, 1964-1965 4 FIELD NOTES: Peregrine Falcon Captures a Golden Plover, Haven Wiley 15 An Urbanized Peregrine Falcon, Joseph Croft 15 Sight Record of Golden Eagle in Jessamine County, Mrs. Woodrow Feck 16 Additional Records of the Chuck-will’s-widow, James B. Young 16 Summer Rarities at Lake Pewee, 1964 Season, James W. Hancock 17 Two Sight Records of Brewster’s Warbler, Kay Altsheler 17 A High Count of Lincoln’s Sparrows at Louisville, Kenneth P. Able 18 BOOK REVIEW: Gordon Wilson 18 A MESSAGE FROM OUR PRESIDENT: Howard P. Jones 19 2 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 THE KEMIXKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Founded in 1923 by B. C. Bacon, L. Otley Pindar, and Gordon Wilson) President Howard P. Jones, Frankfort Vice-President Cletis Weller, Deatsville Corr. Sec. -Treasurer Mrs. James Gillenwater, Glasgow Recording Secretary Evelyn J. Schneider, Louisville Councillors: A. H. Mayfield, Winchester 1963-1965 Virginia Smith, Henderson 1963-1965 Herbert E. Shadowen, Bowling Green 1964-1966 Charles S. Guthrie, Burkesville 1964-1966 Retiring President Clell T. Peterson, Murray Librarian Ev'elyn Schneider, Louisville Curator Burt L. Monroe, Sr., Ridge Road. Anchorage Staff Artist Ray Harm, Cox’s Creek THE KENTUCKY AVARBLER Organ of the Kentucky Ornithological Society. Published quarterly in February, May, August, and November. The KENTUCKY’ AVARBLER is sent to all members not in arrears for dues. Membership dues are: Active or Regular, S3. 00; Contributing, $5.00; Student. S2.00; Correspond- ing, S2.50; Life, $50.00. All articles and communications should be address- ed to the editor. Subscriptions, memberships, and requests for back issues should be sent to the treasurer. Editor Anne L. (Mrs. F. W.) Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40222 Editorial Advisorj’ Board Roger W. Barbour Leonard C. Brecher Joseph E. Croft Harvey B. Lovell Herbert E. Shadowen Gordon Wilson NEWS AND VIEWS THE COVER The cover picture is taken from an original water color of the Pere- grine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (adult upper, immature lower right) by Howard Rollin, of Weldona, Colorado. This interesting painting, the art- ist's 1963 Christmas gift to the Kentucky Ornithological Society, is one of a long series for which the members are deeply grateful. (See informa- tion on other water colors by Rollin on page 20.) (Continued on page 20) 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 3 NOTES FROM THE CUMBERLAND NATIONAL FOREST Joseph Croft, William Rowe, and Haven Wiley We spent July 18 and 19, 1964, observing birds in the southern narts of the Cumberland National Forest from McCreary County to Estill County. Croft and Wiley visited the northern parts, from Powell County to Rowan County, on August 1 and 2. Since the birds of this region of Kentucky are seldom investigated, the following observations are of interest. Hawks. On July 19 in a heavily forested tract in Whitley County a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) flew overhead. The bird was in sight for a brief period during which it was seen clearly in silhouette. The falcon shape was unmistakable — pointed wings, narrow tail, and strong pigeon-like flight with rapid, shallow wing strokes. The size was judged to be close to that of a Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii); the proportionately broad wings and medium-length tail, and the extensive forest habitat further indicated the bird was a Peregrine Falcon. This is one of the few known summer occurrences of this species in Kentucky (see Mengel, Auk, 57:424, 1940). We were especially pleased to see the bird, since in recent years this great falcon seems virtually to have disappeared from the Appalachian region. The Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) was the most common hawk in the area. During July 18 and 19, individuals or pairs were seen in Wayne (west of the National Forest), McCreary (two localities), Whit- ley (two localities), and Estill Counties. Two weeks later individuals were found in Powell (two localities), Meniffee, and Rowan Counties. These hawks were in heavily wooded valleys or less often (three of the ten occurrences) over lowland fields adjacent to heavily forested hills. All were either within the tree cover or flying relatively low down val- leys or over fields. One Broad-wing seen July 18 in McCreary County was much darker than any individual in our previous experience. This bird had a dark breast, and the normally white tail bands, especially from above, were obscure. The hawk circled above us, calling characteristically, and then joined a typically colored bird which was calling in the trees nearby. J. H. Riley (Auk, 25:270, 1908) suggested that the Broad-winged Hawks of the eastern United States could be divided into two phases; the darker of these phases he describes, in part, as having “the bars below of [cinnamon-rufous], heavier, and sometimes confluent on the chest.” Oc- casional strikingly melanistic individuals have also been described (Ridg- way, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 9:248-249, 1886; Burns, Wilson Bull. 23:155- 156, 1911; Bailey, Auk, 34:73-75, 1917; Johnson and Peeters, Auk, 80:430- 431, 1963); with one probable exception (a bird seen by Riley at Falls Church, Virginia), all these melanos have been reported from the north- western part of the species’ range, generally in Iowa, Minnesota, and Manitoba. Rather than categorizing our bird with these melanos, we are inclined to consider it an extreme example of Riley’s dark-phased bird, which has been little remarked in the literature. Two Cooper’s Hawks were seen August 1 in Powell County. Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Dryobates borealis). This species was the object of our search in the southern parts of the National Forest. We succeeded in finding a single group of about eight on July 19 in an ex- tensive forested region northeast of Cumberland Falls in Whitley County. 4 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 The area had mixed pine and hardwood, mostly oaks, but the wood- peckers consistently alighted on the Pitch and Scrub Pine (Pinus Rigida and P. Virginiana) on high ground, and then usually on a dead tree or branch. They moved rapidly in a loose flock through the forest past us, flying high between the pines, remaining thirty feet or more up in the trees. Their distinctive abrupt, harsh call note was heard repeatedly, es- pecially when the birds were in flight. The prominent white cheek and barred back were seen clearly. Warblers. The Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) was widely distrib- uted in the National Forest and common in some areas. Eastern Powell County seemed to have especially large numbers of this species. In Whit- ley County also it was the most commonly encountered warbler, and in McCreary County it was second to the Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus). This latter species, which occurred in dry upland pine woods instead of in moist lowland deciduous tangles, was also widespread in the National Forest. We found the Parula Warbler (Parula americana) and Black- throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) only in Whitley and Powell Counties. However, we were too late in the season to hear many species singing regularly, and this probably affected the numbers we recorded of several warbler species. As late as August 1 the Hooded sang and called frequently. « ♦ 4: « MID-WINTER BIRD COUNT 1964-1965 The mild and unusually warm weather during the count period (December 22, 1964-January 3, 1965) gave census takers an opportunity to count birds in temperatures ranging as high as 70 degrees on some of the days. State-wide the counts show 112 species, totaling 118,378 individ- uals, with one additional species observed during count week. Perhaps the most unusual waterbird observed was the Common Egret, represented by two individuals at Henderson. This apparently is the first Kentucky Christmas Count record for this species, which in recent years has increasingly been recorded northward in winter. Wood- lands and Henderson report large concentrations of Canada Geese, while Madisonville had an unusually large number of Coots. The Pileated Woodpecker m.ade probably its best showing ever, with a total of 126 birds in 18 areas. Robins appeared in good numbers on the counts, with a total of 8628 as compared with 106 on last year’s counts; this may be due to the mild winter and ample food supply. Bluebirds were widely reported over the state, continuing their distinct increase of the past two years. The number reported this season — 437 — is compara- ble to and slightly above the 1959-60 counts, just prior to the species’ widely remarked decimation from severe winter weather across its win- tering grounds in the South. Cedar Waxwings were markedly up from last year; the count of 1693 at Mammoth Cave is especially impressive. Blackbirds were widely scat- tered across the state, but in their usual spotty pattern of distribution, being numerous in some areas and absent in others. One final species worthy of note is the Baltimore Oriole. This bird is occasionally reported at feeders during the winter, and there is one winter specimen for Ken- tucky; the report of five at Lexington is, however, unprecedented. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 5 KENTUCKY WOODLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center junction of Highway 453 and Mulberry Flat Road; lake and river shore 25%, fields 35%, deciduous woods 40%). — Dec. 29; 6:45 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Overcast; temp. 35° to 58°; wind S, 12-16 m.p.h. Eight observers in 3 parties. Total party-hours, 27 (12 on foot, 15 by car); total party-miles, 110 (16 on foot, 94 by car). Total, 54 species, about 21,815 individuals. (Seen in area count period but not on count day: Wood Duck, Bufflehead, White-winged Scoter [observed several times by Paul Sturm], Hooded Merganser, Herring Gull, Horned Lark.) — Daniel Austin, Choyce Barnett, Evelyn Cole, Willard Gray, Ed- win Larson, Jr., James Moynahan, Clell Peterson (compiler), Paul Sturm (Murray Bird Club). 4: ^ 4: * MARION (Same areas as in former years). — Dec. 25; all day. Cloudy; temp. 30° to 40°. One observer. Total, 51 species, 2,624 individuals. Bald Eagles were above Dam #50; three to five have been seen daily since the middle of November. — C. L. Frazer. * * * ♦ MADISONVILLE (W. W. Hancock Farm, Elk Creek, Brown Road, Highway 892, and three lakes at Madisonville; deciduous woodlands and thickets 40%, lake shore 40%, open fields 20%). — Dec. 27; 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Heavy overcast; wind NW, 1-7 m.p.h.; temp. 28° to 31°. Total hours, 91/2; total miles, 48 (5 on foot, 43 by car). Observers together in a.m., J. W. H. alone in p.m. Total, 41 species, 1596 individuals. — Maurice G. Hancock, James W. Hancock (compiler). Notes on Madisonville Count Open water at the lakes, and especially Lake Pewee, accounted for the good showing of waterfowl. A partial albino Song Sparrow observed at the northwest end of Lake Pewee, had considerable white showing on the head and throat. Other species recorded on December 30: Canada Goose, Mallard, Lesser Scaup Duck, Red-tailed Hawk, Horned Lark, Myrtle Warbler, and White-crowned Sparrow. * * * * PENNYRILE FOREST STATE PARK (Deciduous and pine woods and fields within the park area, Pennyrile Lake, and adjoining farmlands; wooded area 60%, open fields within the park 15%, farmlands 15%, lake shore 10%). — Jan. 3; 7:15 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. Cloudy in early a.m. but clearing by mid-morning and mostly clear thereafter; wind NE, 1-7 m.p.h.; temp. 30° to 43°. Total party-hours, 20; total party-miles, 50 (15 on foot, 35 by car). Observers in two parties. Total, 41 species, 682 individuals. — Mickey Buzzard, Willard Gray, Maurice G. Hancock, James W. Hancock (compiler). Notes on Pennyrile Count Myrtle Warblers are quite common this season. The Golden-crowned Kinglets have declined in numbers, and the Red-breasted Nuthatch is decidedly rare. 6 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 HENDERSON (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center Audubon State Park Museum; farms and fencerows 35%, deciduous woods 40%, river 25%). Jan. 2; 6;00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Overcast skies, 30 minute drizzling rain in a.m.; temp. 60° at start, 35° at 4:30 p.m.; wind variable SE to N at 10-15 m.p.h. Nine observers. Total, 82 species, 11,750 individ- uals.— King Benson, Mrs. Lora Clark, Walter Dear, J. W. Parker, Mrs. Ross Parsons, W. P. Rhoads (compiler), Charles B. Smith, Virginia Smith, Mrs. Nat Stanley, Sr. Notes on Henderson Count Mr. J. W. Parker worked the river and saw the Common Egrets just below Dam 48; the Double-crested Cormorant was on a snag over- looking a sand bar at Black’s Point. The birds were also observed before and since the count day by David Jenkins. * * * * SORGHO (Ford and Rafferty Farms; Panther Creek area, and terri- tory north and west of Sorgho; open pasture land, swampy area, heavy woods, and thickets along fencerows). — Jan. 2; seven hours in field. Cloudy but very miild, clearing in afternoon. Total, 43 species, 2,007 in- dividuals.— Joe Ford. Notes on Sorgho Count The majority of the Common Crows were found feeding in the Green River bottom land; the estimated count of 1,000 birds is a conservative one. The birds were in groups of 25 to 100. The count last year showed 37 crows. * * * * YELVINGTON (Pup Creek bottoms. Carpenter’s and Kingfisher Lakes, Ohio River bottoms [from Maceo to Blackford Creek], Boy Scout Camp, Game and Fish Association Farm, Daviess County Airport, and a thorough examination of roads to and from areas mentioned). — Jan. 1; 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.; overcast, some fog and mist in the river area, clear- ing in afternoon; moderate wind; temp. 35° to 40°. Eight observers in 4 parties. Total party-hours, 28; total party-miles, 67, (18 on foot, 49 by car). Total, 53 species, about 2,975 individuals. — Ronnie Freels, Willard Gray, Dicky Krewson, A. L. Powell (compiler), Mildred (Mrs. A. L.) Powell, Wilton Powell, George Ray, Lewis Ray. Notes on Yelvington Count Our observation of waterfowl on the Ohio River was very limited because of heavy fog and this accounts for the poor showing of these birds. Robins and Eastern Bluebirds were numerous; in fact, it was the highest count for the Bluebirds. It is interesting to note that the Red- headed Woodpeckers have increased over the past two years. * BOWLING GREEN (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center Three Springs, 6 miles south of Bowling Green, largely the area used since 1918; farmlands 25%, stream banks 30%, suburban 15%, swamps and woods 30%). — Dec. 22; 6:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.; temp. 37°-46°; wind SW, 1-7 m.p.h.; heavy overcast, ponds frozen over at start. Three 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 7 observers in two parties. Total party-hours, 16 (12 on foot, 4 by car); total party-miles, 70 (10 on foot, 60 by car). Total, 48 species, 3,278 in- dividuals. Seen in area but not on count day; Black Duck, Shoveler, Hermit Thrush. — Millard Gipson, Robert N. Pace, Gordon Wilson (com- piler). Notes on Bowling- Green Count Surface water had covered some of the Chaney Marsh and then had dropped a few inches, leaving windrows of seeds and drift. Nearly all of the Robins, Cedar Waxwings, and Starlings seen in the day were at this place, feeding on the drift. Finding 22 Tree Sparrows in full song was a surprise, for they have been very erratic for many winters, sometimes not being found at all. The Great Horned Owl was being chased by Common Crows. He hooted several times and also gave his hair-raising scream, the first time any of us had ever heard this sound. 4: 4: * 4: MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK (Nearly all of the park area). — Dec. 27; 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.; temp. 28° to 45°; no wind; heavy overcast all day; ground very wet from thawing. Eighteen observers in 7 parties. Total, 49 species, 11,647 individuals. — Evelyn Cole, Willard Gray, Charles S. Guthrie, Cleo Hogan, Sr., Cleo Hogan, Jr., John Krisko, Jr., George McKinley, Clell T. Peterson, A. L. Powell, Mrs. A. L. Powell, Wilton Powell, George Ray, Lewis Ray, Mrs. Marvin Ray, Sharp, Rus- sell Starr, David Wells, Gordon Wilson (compiler). Notes on Mammoth Cave Count This count, the twentieth one in the park and the ninth cooperative count, had many surprises. Though the species number — 49 — had been exceeded several times before, the individuals count was almost three times the size of the largest preceding one, that of 1957. Ten species broke all previous records in numbers, the most notable ones being the Robin, the Cedar Waxwing, the Starling, and the American Goldfinch. In spite of the very dry summer and fall, there were large crops of wild grapes of both species and of cedar berries. Dogwood berries are also very plentiful. The finding of 84 Eastern Bluebirds set a new record for several years, the first good-sized number since the decline in numbers of this species six years ago. Only two years ago we barely found 3 Bluebirds. The observers came from a wide area: Murray, 2; Sacramento, 2; Owensboro, 6; Glasgow, 2; Park City, 2; Burkesville, 2; Bowling Green, 1; and Mammoth Cave, 1. 4( 4: 4: 4( GLASGOW (Highland Park and other areas in Glasgow; Starr, Winninger Farms and contiguous areas on Beaver Creek section, west of Glasgow; Stovall Crossing and slash areas; Gillenwater, Barton and “Brigadoon” Farms, as well as Matthews’ Mill Road and the “Narrows” of Barren River Reservoir). — Jan. 1; 6:45 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Overcast all day, warm, intermittent showers; temp. 45° to 64°. Eight observers. Total, 56 species, about 3,257 individuals. — Mrs. George J. Ellis, Jr., Mrs. James Gillenwater, Tim Gillenwater, Cleo Hogan, Sr., Cleo Hogan, Jr., 8 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Mrs. Robert W. Moore, Faye Starr, Russell Starr (compiler). Notes on Glasgow Count This was in many ways Glasgow’s best census. However, it would have been better had there been some sunshine. It is interesting to note the ducks were seen on Beaver Creek, and none on the lake. Frogs were trilling, and I heard three or four Hylas peeping. :1c 9|c ^ 9(: BURKESVILLE (All points within a circle of 15-mile diameter with center at the junction of Kentucky 61 and 704. Most of the area covered was river and creek bottom habitat). — Dec. 29; 6;30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Clear; temp. 32° to 70°. Two observers in one party. Total party-miles, 101 (98 by car, 3 on foot). Total, 41 species, about 853 individuals. Ob- served during count period but not on official count day: Wood Duck, Hooded Merganser, Red-headed Woodpecker, Cedar Waxwing, Field Sparrow. — Charles Guthrie (compiler), David Wells. Notes on the Burkesville Count We were especially pleased by the Black Vultures and Red-headed Woodpeckers. * * * * OTTER CREEK PARK (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center 2 miles southwest of park entrance, largely area used last year, including more open fields outside the park; deciduous woods 14%, brushy fields 42%, open fields 23%, banks of Ohio and Otter Creek 21%). — Dec. 22; 7:40 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Cloudy, misting until noon; temp. 32° to 45°; wind S to SW, 5 to 14 m.p.h.; ponds frozen, Ohio River open. Nine observers in five parties. Total party-hours, 32 (22 on foot, 10 by car); total party-miles, 79 (19 on foot, 60 by car). Total, 54 species, about 13,609 individuals. — Floyd Carpenter, Joseph E. Croft, Louis Pieper, Wil- liam Rowe, Anne L. Stamm (compiler), Frederick W. Stamm, Albert Westerman, John Westerman, Haven Wiley. Notes on Otter Creek Count Though below last year’s count in number of species, this year’s census was our highest ever in total individuals, due in large measure to substantial numbers of Starlings and three species of blackbirds. The Robin count — 1,720 — was also unusually high, exceeding any previous record; last year only four were sighted. The Catbird, an unexpected find, was seen in a honeysuckle thicket by Croft and Wiley. The Oregon Junco was feeding on a gravel road within the park in company with Slate- colored Juncos; it was observed by Anne L. Stamm. ♦ * * * LOUISVILLE (The same area normally covered on our counts). — Dec. 27; 6:15 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Overcast; temp. 35° to 42°; wind NW, 5-8 m.p.h.; heavy rain two preceding days, all water open. Thirty observers in nine parties. Total party-hours, 62 (44 on foot, 18 by car); total party- miles, 233 (26 on foot, 207 by car). Total, 74 species, about 7,127 individ- uals. Seen in area count period, but not on count day: Black Vulture, Barred Owl. — Mr. and Mrs. Yancey Altsheler, Leonard C. Brecher, Floyd Carpenter. Joseph E. Croft, Mary Louise Daubard, Mrs. Charles Hard- wick, Mrs. Charles Horner, Mrs. Harry Hummel, Dr. and Mrs. Harvey 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 9 B. Lovell, Mrs. Spencer Martin, Burt L. Monroe, Jr., Burt L. Monroe, Sr. (compiler), Mrs. H. V. Noland, Louis Pieper, Marie Pieper, William Rowe, Evelyn J. Schneider, Mabel Slack, Anne L. Stamm, Frederick W. Stamm, Chester E. Sundquist, Mr. and Mrs. William B. Tabler, Mrs. S. C. Thacher, Mrs. Edwin Thompson, John Westerman, R. Haven Wiley, Audrey Wright (Beckham Bird Club). Notes on Louisville Count Numbers of Gadwall, Oldsquaw, Robin, and Oregon Junco highest ever. Bonaparte’s Gull reported by Rowe and Westerman. In general, numbers of individuals of land birds down, species way down over last year; birds of prey very poor but waterfowl selection and numbers sur- prisingly good. * * * * DANVILLE (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center Boyle County Court House). — Dec. 23; 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Clear, mild; temp. 35° to 55°; wind SW, 10-20 m.p.h. Sixteen observers in six parties. Total party-miles, 250 (15 on foot, 235 by car); total party-hours, 36 (6 on foot, 30 by car). Total, 55 species, 25,481 individuals. — Mrs. Richard Caldwell, Jackson Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Scott Glore, Edna Drill Heck, Mrs. West T. Hill, J. W. Kemper (compiler), Patricia Kemper, Mrs. Wm. Kemper, Angela McConnell, Malinda McWhorter, Mrs. Bowman Myers, Mike Rogers, Elizabeth P. Ullrich, Leroy Ullrich, David White. Notes on the Danville Count The high winds drove many birds into heavy cover and prevented observance. A number of species we believed likely to be seen in our area and observed a week or two prior to count day were not in evidence; among these were: Ring-necked Duck, Lesser Scaup, Black Vulture, Marsh Hawk, Common Snipe, Myrtle Warbler, Rusty Blackbird. The Gadwall and the Rough-legged Hawk have not been observed in our locale at any time this fall, although these birds were reported on our annual Christmas count for three years in succession. * * * * FRANKFORT (Eastern Franklin County and State Game Farm Lakes). — Jan. 3; 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Partly cloudy, becoming clear; temp. 31° to 43°; wind N, 0-5 m.p.h.; ponds and streams open and full; ground heavy from previous day’s rain Three observers. Total party- miles, 74 (20 on foot, 54 by car). Total species, 49, about 3,408 individuals. Seen in area during count period but not on count day: Bufflehead. — Joey Jones, Jeff Jones, Howard P. Jones (compiler). Notes on Frankfort Count Considering the mild winter thus far, this count is puzzling in the absence of several species expected to be present. Robins were to be found everywhere, singly and in flocks. Eastern Bluebirds have appar- ently made a strong come-back with the good number reported on the count, and even more have been seen recently. The contrasting habitats of the Great Horned Owls and the Long- eared Owls may be of interest. The Great Horned Owls were found among large trees along Elkhorn Creek, while the Long-eared Owls were in red cedars at two locations on hillsides well away from any stream. 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SPECIES 54 51 41 41 82 43 53 48 49 56 41 54 74 55 49 50 25 30 18 INDIVIDUALS 21815 2624 1596 682 11750 2007 2975 3278 11647 3257 853 13609 7127 25481 3408 4649 255 673 311 OBSERVERS 8 1 2 4 9 1 8 3 18 8 2 9 30 16 3 13 1 3 2 (An * indicates that the species was recorded during the count pericd but not on the day of the oif.cial count.) 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 13 LEXINGTON (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center East Hickman on Tates Creek Pike, to include 23 miles of the Kentucky River, Lexington Reservoirs 1-4, Nicholasville, most of the University of Kentucky Experiment Station Farm; surface water 2%, deciduous woods 3%, towns and suburbs 4%, cultivated land, hedgerows, farmlots, etc., 91%). — Jan. 2; 5:45 a.m. to 5.T0 p.m. Partly cloudy to cloudy, show- ers; temp. 38° to 58°; wind SSW to WNW, 10-25 m.p.h. Thirteen observers in four parties. Total party-hours, 27 (12:5 on foot, 14.5 by car); total party-miles, 178 (8.5 on foot, 169.5 by car). Total, 50 species, about 4,649 individuals. Seen in area count period, but not on count day: Pied-billed Grebe, Great Blue Heron, Canada Goose, Mallard, Pintail, Green-winged Teal, American Widgeon, Ring-necked Duck, Canvasback, Lesser Scaup, Hooded Merganser, American Coot, Hermit Thrush, Rufous-sided Towhee. — Ellen Allen, Mrs. W. R. Allen, Barbara Burns, Mrs. Mary Potts Burns, Mrs. Lyda Feck, Mrs. Douglas Hurt, Austin Lilly, Ruth Mathews, Bernice McClure, Alfred M. Reece (compiler), Virginia N. Reece, O. K. Robbins, Robert Welch. Notes on the Lexington Count Four Baltimore Orioles, all mature males, were seen resting at mid- day for some few minutes by Barbara Burns and Mrs. Douglas Hurt. One bird (possibly female) was a regular visitor to my feeding station from December 19, 1964 to January 3, 1965. The unseasonably warm weather for the area, leading up to the count period, is the only reason I can offer for these unusual sightings. * * * * WILLARD (Eight miles over fields, creek bottoms, and woodland areas). — Dec. 26; 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Cloudy, occasional drizzle of rain in the morning; temp. 52° to 48°. One observer. Total, 25 species, 255 individuals. — Ercel Kozee. ^ * sjf ASHLAND (About the same territory as last year in the vicinity of Boyd and Carter Counties; deciduous and coniferous woods, open and cultivated fields). — Dec. 26; early a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Cloudy, some light drizzle of rain; temp. 47°; wind, 0-15 m.p.h.; streams running full, ground wet, woods badly burned over large area. Count made by auto and on foot, distance traveled, 150 miles. Total, 30 species, 673 individuals. — Lois Forson, Walter Forson (compiler), J. W. Steele. Notes on Ashland Count The extremely dry weather and the subsequent fires have caused considerable damage to the woods and fields, resulting in a definitely poor food supply for the birds. * ♦ * * LOVELY (Reed and Chapman’s Nature Farm, Buck Branch, two miles west of Lovely, along Tug River, three miles south of Lovely, and up Wolf Creek; old clearings 70%, stream banks 10%, meadows 10%, woodlands 10%). — Dec. 26. Cloudy, occasional showers; 50° to 60°; wind, steady and SW. Two observers in one party. Total party-miles, 10 (8 by car, 2 on foot). Total, 18 species, about 311 individuals. — R. L. Chapman, Rufus M. Reed (compiler). 14 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Notes on the Count at Lovely At least 70% of the woodlands in the region covered had been badly burned by forest fires in November; this burned out portion simply had no bird life, except for the crows we found. The Starlings seem to be entirely absent from Martin County this season; not one has been sighted this winter. The juncos, too, are almost totally non-existent, with only six on our count as compared to 79 last year. The scarcity of Tufted Titmice could well be due to the widespread forest fires and the destruction of the natural food supply. Chickadees, titmice, and towhees were observed feeding on dogwood berries at the edge of a clearing. * * * ADDITIONAL CHRISTMAS COUNTS (Ed. Note: Because of lack of space in the table we are listing the following two eastern Kentucky bird counts below. Their totals are included in the grand total noted in the introduction.) PAINTSVILLE, Johnson County. Sources of food appear to be parti- cularly abundant, and we have not noticed any effect from drought or forest fires. Sparrow Hav/k, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Belted Kingfisher, 2; Yellow-shafted Flicker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Blue Jay, 19; Common Crow, 80; Carolina Chickadee, 22; Tufted Titmouse, 13; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Caro- lina Wren, 9; Mockingbird, 5; Robin, 33; Bluebird, 12; Starling, 10; Myrtle Warbler, 3; House Sparrow, 73; Brown-headed Cowbird, 3; Cardinal, 26; Rufous-sided Towhee, 4; Slate-colored Junco, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 6; Song Sparrow, 6. Seven observers. Total, 25 species, 340 individuals. — Mrs. William E. Garland. MAJESTIC, Pike County. (Browns Creek and Smith Fork of Peter Creek). Scarcely any birds were found. Downy Woodpecker, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Bewick’s Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 4; House Sparrow, 10; Cardinal, 8; Rufous-sided Towhee, 2; Slate-colored Junco, 7; Song Sparrow, 2. Total, 10 species, 39 individuals. — Mrs. J. W. Rees. « « 4: OUR MICHIGAN MEMBER SENDS HIS COUNT WHITE PIGEON, MICHIGAN (Klinger Lake Orchards, Klinger Lake [frozen over since about December 9 when temperature was — 5°], open fields. Fawn River). — Jan. 3; 8:25 a.m. to 11:50 a.m. Clear; temp. 21° to 34°; wind N, light to moderate; river open, ground bare, only a few patches of snow from previous drifts. Observer alone, and on foot. Some wild grapes and juniper berries are fairly plentiful and Cedar Waxwings are commonly seen feeding on them. Yellow-shafted Flicker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Prairie Horned Lark, 4; Blue Jay, 9; Crow, 3; Black-capped Chickadee, 5; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Cedar Waxwing, 35; Starling, 2; House Sparrow. 98; Eastern Meadowlark, 7; Purple Finch, 2; American Goldfinch, 11; Slate-colored Junco, 12; Tree Sparrow, 6(1 albino). Song Sparrow, 1; Lapland Long- spur, 2. — Total, 18 species, 209 individuals. — Oscar McKinley Bryens. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 15 FIELD NOTES PEREGRINE FALCON CAPTURES A GOLDEN PLOVER Several years ago Mr. Floyd Carpenter, Mr. Worth Randle of Cin- cinnati, and I saw a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) capture a Golden Plover (Dominica pluvialis) on the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville. On the morning of September 24, 1960, the hawk was first noticed near us at the western end of the Falls when it was flying up-river about fifty feet above the rock shelf exposed below the dam. As it proceeded steadily up-river it moved close to the dam and descended to about twenty-five feet above the rocks. Just below the dam about a quarter of a mile from us was a large group of shorebirds which we had seen earlier and which included at least thirty Golden Plovers. The hawk flew along the dam directly toward this area, and then, when nearly above its prey, it swooped suddenly into the midst of the flock. The falcon quite appeared to tumble out of the air, so abrupt was its movement. It was hardly more than twenty feet above the ground when it swooped. Prior to the attack no shorebirds were in flight; instantly afterward, however, every bird was up, wheeling in tight flocks and calling loudly. The hawk, resuming the deliberateness of its approach, flew off toward the tall cottonwoods on the Indiana shore below the Falls. On its way it again passed near us, though not so near as before, and we clearly saw the silhouette of the plover clasped in its claws. — HAVEN WILEY, Louisville. 4: :{: 4: :f: AN URBANIZED PEREGRINE FALCON While the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is most distinctively associated with the wild places of mountains and large bodies of water, it is also well known for its occasional habit of taking up winter residence among the tail buildings of our larger cities. Among the cities where it has been found wintering and feeding on the local swarms of pigeons are Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, and Atlanta. Some ten years ago Louisville was added to the group of cities thus favored when one of these falcons established winter quarters high up on a radio tower and a gas storage tank of the Louisville Gas and Electric Company. These two structures are at the company’s plant at Seventh and Ormsby, slightly over a mile south of the central business district. The falcon was first noticed in early October 1954, when my father told me of seeing a large bird perched high on the radio tower, feeding on what appeared to be a chicken. The bird appeared almost daily there- after, with its usual prey a pigeon. On November 21 I went to see the bird and found it, as expected, a Peregrine. Near the base of the tower was the head of a pigeon, which, so I was told by workmen there, had been dropped by the hawk. This bird continued frequenting the area at least until late winter, though unfortunately I do not know the date of its departure. It might be mentioned that on November 27 Mrs. F. W. Stamm, Mrs. H. V. Noland, and several others of us on a Beckham Bird Club field trip on the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge saw a Peregrine there, possibly the same bird, out on a foray about the clouds of pigeons infesting the bridge. In the fall of 1955 a Peregrine again took up residence at the tower 16 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 and gas tank, remaining through the greater part of that winter also. Since that time, this falcon has not been reported in the vicinity. In 1957, however, as previously reported (Ky. Warbler, 34:46, 1958), I twice ob- served one flying over downtown Louisville, on October 30 and Novem- ber 7. Also, on at least one occasion I have seen the Peregrine’s lesser cousin, the Sparrow Hawk (F. sparverius), perched on an antenna atop a tall downtown building. It is of interest that some twenty years before these observations, for three winters beginning with 1934-35, a Peregrine took up residence at Goose Island (since submerged) on the Ohio above Louisville (Mengel, Ky. Warbler, 13:22, 1937). Perhaps sometime in the future one of these magnificent falcons, now waning in numbers, will again find a Louisville residence to its liking. — JOSEPH CROFT, Louis- ville. * * * * SIGHT RECORD OF GOLDEN EAGLE IN JESSAMINE COUNTY On the morning of October 19, 1964, as I went about my household chores on our Jessam.ine County farm located five miles south of Nicholas- ville, my attention was attracted by a great flock of Common Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) that seemed to be circling directly above the house. I went outdoors and looked up and saw a huge bird soaring overhead and low enough for me to see the field marks plainly, even without binoculars. I could clearly see white at the base of the tail from below, also patches of white at the base of the primaries. As the bird wheeled, I saw the upper surface of white tail with a dark terminal band, with the feathers on the back of the neck glistening like gold or silver — I knew by then I was watching a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysae- tos). I watched the bird for 15 minutes with and without binoculars as it soared and wheeled, slowly gaining altitude and never once flapping its wings. By this time I realized my flock of laying hens had gone inside the laying house and the dometicated geese had all gone inside the barn. The crows had practically blackened the sky and the interesting thing v/as they never once dived at the eagle as they usually do with the hawk family, but stayed well above and out of reach. — MRS. WOODROW FECK, Nicholasville. * * * * ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF THE CHUCK-WILL’S-WIDOW As a supplement to the recent article on the Chuck-will’s-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) by Joseph Croft and Anne L. Stamm (Ky. Warbler, 40:31-32, 1964), I offer my own notes on the subject, beginning some twenty years ago. At that time, I was engaged in banding nestling phoebes in eastern Jefferson County. Most of this work was done after hours, and this gave me an unusual opportunity to be in the country at a time when both the Whip-poor-wills (Caprimulgus vociferus) and Chuck-will’s-widows begin calling. I recorded Chuck-will’s-widows, all singing birds, as follows: May 11, 1942. Tucker Station Road, one-half mile north of Knauer’s pool. May 5. 1944. Sleepy Hollow May 20, 1944. Tucker Station Road, about one mile beyond Knauer's pool toward Middletown. June 14, 1944. Tucker Station Road. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 17 July 2, 1944. Blankenbaker Road, about eight-tenths of a mile from Ellingsworth Lane, at 8:40 p.m. June 23, 1945. Sleepy Hollow. May 1, 1946. Heard at 6:45 p.m. Weather cloudy with light sprinkle. May 13, 1948. Near Sleepy Hollow. May 14, 1949. Near Sleepy Hollow. June 2, 1951. Sleepy Hollow. My records end here due to the fact that my phoebe banding project was discontinued. — JAMES B. YOUNG, Louisville. ^ ^ SUMMER RARITIES AT LAKE PEWEE, 1964 SEASON Lake Pewee, our 400-acre lake at Madisonville, is generally an in- teresting spot at which to look for waterfowl during the spring and fall migrations and oftentimes, when the lake is not frozen, even during the winter season. Usually in summer, however, most of the water birds are gone and the lake furnishes little in waterfowl until the shorebird season in late summer. However, the past summer has furnished a few rarities and finds of interest. A Common Loon (Gavia immer) was seen on July 8 and again on August 18. Three Ring-necked Ducks (Aythya collaris), two males and a female, stayed over from spring and were present up until at least August 2. A male Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) also lingered and was seen regularly through June and July. It was on a slough just across the levee on the Tucker School-house Road, the levee separating the slough from the main body of water. Evidently it was a cripple, for it never left the slough and, as the water lowered under drought conditions, it was in greater danger from predators. It was last seen on August 2 and was probably killed by a predator, human or otherwise, after that date. A Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) was studied carefully and identified as such on July 8. It was not believed to be nesting. Four American Coots (Fulica americana) were still present in early June and were seen up until June 10. After that date only one remained and it was seen at in- tervals throughout the rest of the summer. I have suspected that this species may sometimes nest here but I have located no nests up to the present time. — JAMES W. HANCOCK, Madisonville. * * * * TWO SIGHT RECORDS OF BREWSTER’S WARBLER Twice in 1964 Brewster’s Warbler (“Vermivora leucobronchialis”) visited our bird bath in Louisville. On April 27 my husband Yancey and I saw what we at first thought was a Golden-winged Warbler (V. chrysop- tera) bathing in the middle section of our three-tiered bird bath. It was facing us and being very vigorous about its splashing and dipping its head in the water. Suddenly we were aware that it had a white throat and that the only black was a line from the bill through each eye. We realized we were seeing the rare hybrid for the first time in our lives. We watched it for ten minutes through our living room window. It looked exactly like the adult male on Plate 4 of The Warblers of North America 18 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 by Ludlow Griscom and Alexander Sprunt, Jr. It had a light bluish-gray back, tail, and wings, a white throat, the black eye lines, yellow wing patches, yellow forehead and crown, yellow breast, and white underparts. It was very deliberate in its actions while bathing but when it left it flew out of sight rather than to nearby cover. On August 30 Yancey and I again saw a Brewster’s Warbler bathing in the same section of our bird bath. This time we watched the bird for three or four minutes. It was in the same plumage as the one seen in April. I believe this is a first fall record for Louisville. — KAY ALTS- HELER, Louisville. * * * ^ A HIGH COUNT OF LINCOLN’S SPARROWS AT LOUISVILLE The Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) is classified by Monroe and Monroe (Ky Warbler, 37:23-42) as “uncommon in migration.’’ In light of this status my observation of 17 individuals of this species on October 3, 1964, is of some note. All were seen in the vicinity of the Falls of the Ohio, some along the Indiana shore and some on the rock shelf of the Falls proper. This unusually large count may have been due, in part, to a moder- ate wave of passerine migrants, early morning fog which tended to con- centrate birds, and the method used in seeking them out. Due to the re- tiring habits of this species, a fast-moving hike produces few individuals. Through past experiences I have found that making a loud swishing sound while remaining in one place for several minutes will attract Lincoln’s Sparrows. They will approach within close range when curious but often they do not respond to the swishing sound until other species (e. g.. Song Sparrow and many warblers) have ceased to respond and retreated. As soon as the observer moves they rapidly retreat into the underbrush. Care was taken to positively identify all individuals. In addition to other marks the following combination of characters was seen on all birds and serves to eliminate all other species: 1) size — smaller and slim- mer than a Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) with proportionately shorter tail; 2) lighter median crown stripe; 3) thin, sharp streaks on breast; finer than Song Sparrow, not merged into a central spot and con- centrated only on upper breast and down sides; 4) bright buffy back- ground breast color; 5) absence of well-defined superciliary line and line through eye, with unmarked gray area throughout face instead; 6) over- all body color grayer than Song Sparrow. Care was also taken to assure that no birds were counted twice; seventeen represents a minimum count after making allowances for duplications. — KENNETH P. ABLE, Louis- ville. 4c 4: :(c 4; BOOK REVIEW BIRDS OF AMERICA, by Roger Tory Peterson. New and revised edition. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1964. Pp. i-xiii, 1-342. $7.50. This handsome volume, originally issued in 1948, is worthy in every way of the honor paid it by its receiving the John Burroughs Award. Since A Field Guide to the Birds appeared in 1934, Peterson’s name has been known everywhere among bird students, professional or amateur. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 19 This handbook has become the Bible for field observers. Through the years Peterson has brought out many other books and has edited an outstanding series of nature guides. In Birds Over America he shows the outdoor side of his work, the thousands of intimate contacts with birds in their habitats. Some of us might think of him primarily as an artist, and certainly he is eminent in this field; but the present volume is good reading, fascinating, thrilling. And he knows how to inject into the dry fact a bit of the romance of climbing trees in a swamp to see the Com- mon Egret at its nest or of watching, as so m.any of us lesser ones have done, for the return of the migrating hordes. Through all his years of painting and editing he has kept the fever we all feel for the annual Christmas Bird Count, for the Big Spring List, for the homely contacts with birds in our yards or gardens. Dr. William Vogt, who shared with Clarence E. Allen the dedication of the Field Guide, told me, not long after Peterson became known, how the young man had seized upon some very useful and workable ways of identifying and differentiating birds. Vogt said that the success of Peterson and his appreciation for early encouragement had been one of the brightest spots in his (Vogt’s) whole life as an ornithologist. The 105 illustrations are from photographs, all but three from Peter- son’s own files. Not only can he paint in colors the bird and make it alive; he can choose for his camera, no matter how long a time he has to wait for a favorable moment, a revealing insight into the bird as a personality, not a mere dried skin in a museum. To many readers Peter- son’s journeys to see some of the birds mentioned in the volume are as admirable as the photographs or his pictures in color. Peterson is a rare combination: observer, artist, photographer, meticulous scientist, and writer. In no sense is the book about oddities alone, though there are some of these. The birds in the vicinity of New York City offer as many thrills as those of the canyons of the Far West or the bird islands off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Everywhere there is the same enthusiasm that is found in his joint work with Jamies Fisher a few years ago. Wild America. And there is the same appeal to amateur and professional that Peterson’s books have always had. Any public or private library desk would be honored by having this large, attractive volume on it. — GOR- DON WILSON, Bowling Green. * ♦ * * NESTING RECORDS: A MESSAGE FROM OUR PRESIDENT An insert included with this issue of Kentucky Warbler describes a continent-wide nest-record program to be carried out during 1965 by the Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell University. Dr. Olin S. Pet- tingill, Jr., Director, has solicited the assistance of KOS members in this study. Many of us will welcome this request and will plan to col- lect new data from nestings in our localities. We are asking that the data cards you complete be sent -to certain of our members who have agreed to co-ordinate the reporting in their re- spective areas. They in turn will furnish the records for publishing in a later issue of Kentucky Warbler prior to their final release to Cornell University. Nest-record data cards will be available at the KOS Spring Meeting or, if desired earlier, from any of the four co-ordinators. These are: James W. Hancock, Route 1, Madisonville (Western Kentucky); 20 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Dr. Gordon Wilson, 1434 Chestnut Street, Bowling Green (Southwestern Kentucky); Mrs. F. W. Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville (Jefferson and surrounding counties); Howard P. Jones, Route 6, Box 119, Frank- fort (Eastern Kentucky). — HOWARD P. JONES, President. * * * NEWS AND VIEWS (Continued from Page 2) BIRD PAINTINGS BY HOWARD ROLLIN Howard Rollin, of Weldona, Colorado, has sent for the twenty-first consecutive year his Christmas gift to the K. O. S. — a 9” x 12” original water color painting of the Richardson’s Owl. This western bird, near the size of the Screech Owl, but without ear tufts, adds a new family to the collection, which consists of the following; Bufflehead, White Gyrfalcon, Peregrine Falcon, Ruddy Turnstone, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Belted Kingfisher, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Downy Woodpecker, Great Crested Flycatcher, Pinion Jay, Eastern Bluebird, Cedar and Bohemian Waxwings, Blackburnian Warbler, Kentucky War- bler, American Redstart, Boblink (m. & f.). Bobolink (m.), Cardinal and Pyrrhuloxia. — EVELYN SCHNEIDER. K. O. S. Librarian. * * 4: ♦ DEATH CLAIMS K. O. S. ME3IBER Mr. Henry W. Mattmiller, a long-time K. O. S. member, died on November 21, 1964, at age 85 years. He was an active member of the Louisville Chapter and participated in many of its activities throughout the years. He will be greatly mussed by all who knew him. « 4: * * K. O. S. MEIMBERS HONORED Mr. Albert Powell, Maceo, was recently honored by the National Council, Boy Scouts of America; he was the recipient of a scholarship to attend a Farm-City Conference at Philmont Scout Training Center in New Mexico. Powell is Scoutmaster of Troop 75 at Maceo. Under his leadership, a year-round program with emphasis on nature study is car- ried out weekly. Mr. Ray Harm, our staff artist, recently received the 1964 WHAS News “Kentucky Man of the Year” Award. Harm is the first Herman L. Donovan artist in residence at the University of Kentucky and naturalist for the State Department of Parks. He also writes a weekly nature column for the Louisville Times. K. O. S. congratulates these two men for their achievements. * * * * SPRING FIELD STUDY AT BOWLING GREEN The Spring Field Study will again be held at Chaney and McElroy Lakes, Bowling Green, on April 9-11, 1965. Plan now to come and join with your fellow members in continuing our study of this noted birding area. Full details of our meeting wi'l be sent some weeks before these dates. The Kentucky Warbler (Published by the Kentucky Ornithological Society) Vol. XLI May, 1965 No. 2 W/iife Pelicans at Sportsman’s Lake Photograph by C. Friend, The Louisville Times IN THIS ISSUE NEWS AND VIEWS 22 SOME COMMENTS ON BANDED STARLINGS, Anne L. Stamm 23 TAPING THE MOCKINGBIRD’S SONG IN TODD COUNTY, John Cecil Wright 26 SPRING MEETING, April 9-11, 1965, Mrs, James Gillenwater 27 FIELD NOTES: A Third Record of Glossy Ibis, Gordon Wilson 29 Albino Hawks at Lake Cumberland, Floyd S. Carpenter 30 Albino Red-tailed Hawk in McLean County, Willard Gray 30 Another Mid-winter Bird Count, John A. Cheek 32 BOOK REVIEW: Anne L. Stamm 32 LIBRARY OF the AMEAICAM MUSEUM 22 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 THE KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Founded in 1923 by B. C. Bacon, L. Otley Pindar, and Gordon Wilson) President Howard P. Jones, Frankfort Vice-President Cletis Weller, Deatsville Corr. Sec. -Treasurer Mrs. James Gillenwater, Glasgow Recording Secretary Evelyn J. Schneider, Louisville Councillors: A. H. Mayfield, Winchester 1963-1965 Virginia Smith, Henderson 1963-1965 Herbert E. Shadowen, Bowling Green 1964-1966 Charles S. Guthrie, Burkesville 1964-1966 Retiring President Clell T. Peterson, Murray Librarian Evelyn Schneider, Louisville Curator Burt L. Monroe, Sr., Ridge Road, Anchorage Staff Artist Ray Harm, Cox’s Creek THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Organ of the Kentucky Ornithological Society. Published quarterly in February, May, August, and November. The KENTUCKY WARBLER is sent to all members not in arrears for dues. Membership dues are: Active or Regular, $3.00; Contributing, $5.00; Student. $2.00; Correspond- ing, $2.50; Life, $50.00. All articles and communications should be address- ed to the editor. Subscriptions, memberships, and requests for back issues should be sent to the treasurer. Editor Anne L. (Mrs. F. W.) Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40222 Editorial Advisory Board Roger W. Barbour Leonard C. Brecher Joseph E. Croft Harvey B. Lovell Herbert E. Shadowen Gordon Wilson NEWS AND VIEWS THE COVER It is always news when White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) appear in Kentucky; so it was with special interest when two were sighted on Sportsman’s Lake, in Larue County. The birds fed around the lake for about ten days, but were not seen after October 4, 1964. The cover picture was taken by Clarence Friend of the Louisville Times staff. (Continued on page 32) 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 23 SOME COMMENTS ON BANDED STARLINGS Anne L. Stamm Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) have been banded at my backyard station for some time, but only in small numbers incidental to other banding. I was not particularly interested in capturing these birds until a Starling wearing one of my bands was found in Toronto, Canada, in 1957. This caused me to take new interest in banding this species as, heretofore, all recoveries had been from within the Louisville area. From June, 1949, through December, 1964, a total of 1,116 Starlings were banded; 926 of this number were banded at my former station at Lakeside Drive, the rest at Spokane Way, where we moved in the spring of 1962. All banded birds were adults and immatures; no nestlings were banded during the entire period. Most birds were taken in single and four-cell Potter-type automatic door traps, others were taken in a large ground trap with openings at the bottom and top, three were taken in mist nets. Birds were captured in every month of the year, but few were trapped from June through October, as they apparently found adequate natural foods such as fruit and insects at that season of the year. Most birds were banded from November through February (see Table 1, below). Table I — Birds Banded June, 1949-1964 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Grand Total 241 180 121 33 58 20 19 10 20 28 119 267 1,116 The traps were baited with biscuits, bits of suet, sliced apples, and bread spread lightly with peanut butter, although some Starlings were attracted by mixed grain which had been used to capture seed-eating birds. From the 1,116 banded Starlings, 15 individuals have returned to the station at least once, others have repeated more than once. (Returns are recaptured birds at a given banding station after a period of three months or more from the time of banding.) It was interesting that some were re- trapped about the same time of year when first captured, some birds banded in the winter returned in the summer and a few summer birds re- turned in the winter months (see Table 2). Another 19 have been recovered away from the banding station, at distances of one-half mile to eight miles. Another bird was found dead in the yard, after an interval of four months. One recovery, #532-83739, was banded as an adult on September 30, 1956, at Lakeside Drive, and recovered six and one-half years later on Wetstein Avenue — a distance of only a few blocks away. It is likely that this bird remained in the Louisville area during the seven and one-half years or more of its life — incidentally, this Starling holds the longevity record to date for all those I have banded. The seven Starlings recovered away from the station, at distances of 480 to 880 air miles, show a northeast movement. All seven were re- covered in New York and Canada (see Table 3). Six of these birds were banded during the winter months, and five of the six were recovered 24 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Table 2 — Returns Band Number Age Sex Date Banded Date of Return 48-238232 I 09-12-49 06-30-50 512-11953 I — 08-31-53 03-05-54 512-11954 I — 09-01-53 05-10-54 522-05054 A — 12-24-54 04-28-56 512-18387 A F 05-17-56 12-25-56 532-82779 A F 01-11-57 05-19-57 798 A M 01-29-57 12-12-57 800 A F 01-29-57 12-12-57 542-87728 A M 02-27-57 06-06-57 795 I — 07-13-57 12-20-57 552-14828* I — 09-07-57 12-13-57 829 I — 09-09-57 01-07-58 552-14748 A — 01-02-58 05-23-58 552-65805 A — 01-18-58 01-16-59 552-65985 I — 07-23-58 04-16-59 *Released at Second Street and River Road, seven miles away, returned to banding station three months later. during the summer months. The recovery of #552-65958, an adult female, is of special interest since it was banded on March 20, 1958, and found dead seventeen days later, fourteen miles north of Cornwall, and about four miles southwest of Apple Hill, Ontario, Canada — a distance of 745 air miles. A male banded in December, 1957, was found dead in August of 1959 at Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Canada, and had traveled farther to the northeast than any of the others — 880 air miles. The sex was known on six of the seven birds recovered in the northeast: three were females and three males. Four birds were adults, and on three the age was not known. While the number of recoveries and returns (43) is small (and undoubtedly, I would have had additional returns, if I had not moved), there is some slight basis to suggest that some Starlings at both stations are resident birds of the suburban area, while some few from my former station are migratory, particularly from the wintering flocks. None of the recoveries showed any southward migration, with one exception, and that is one at Mount Washington, 20.9 miles southeast of Louisville. Davis (1960) confirms previous work by Kessel (1953) that Starlings are migratory but that many are sedentary. The banded birds at my station appear to conform to this pattern. Davis states that “. . . since the exact source of the introduced birds is not known, it is impossible to know whether they belonged to a migratory or to a sedentary race.” Therefore, he advocates the banding of Starlings to “help unravel a profound mystery, the origin of migration.” 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 25 Table 3 — Recoveries Band Number Age Sex Date Banded Date Recovered Place Recovered 512-11918 A 11-04-52 03-29-53 Lakeside Drive (yard) 919 A — 11-04-52 04-03-53 Suburb of Louisville 977 I — 11-02-53 04-29-59 Strathmoor Blvd. 48-238255 A — 02-04-50 01-15-54 Gladstone Ave. 522-05004 A — 03-21-54 05-30-54 Cavelle Ave. 019 A — 05-09-54 04-18-56 Ravinia Ave. 064 A — 03-06-55 03-17-55 duPont Manual High School 532-82739 A — 09-30-56 04-01-63 Wetstein Ave. 794 A — 01-27-57 06-03-57 Winston Ave. 799 A F 01-29-57 04-22-57 Toronto, Canada 542-87713 A — 02-23-57 Early Mar.-58 Wrocklage Ave. 552-14722 A — 12-25-57 Jan. -58 West Main Street 720 A — 12-26-57 02-09-58 Lowell Ave. 552-14864 A — 11-30-57 12-13-58 Douglass Blvd. 899 — M 12-20-57 08-25-59 Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Canada 552-65839 A M 02-02-58 04-02-60 Sherman, N. Y. 552-65913 A M 02-22-58 09-24-58 (letter date) Angola, N. Y. 958 A F 03-20-58 04-06-58 14 miles north of Cornwall, Canada 955 — — 03-18-58 01-05-59 Napoleon Blvd. 552-87328 11-30-58 05-19-60 (letter date) Mount Washington, Kentucky 552-87410 — — 02-25-59 08-24-59 Tonawanda, N. Y. 404 02-25-59 04-21-60 (letter date) Cherokee Rd. 440 I 05-29-59 07-05-60 (post mark) Bruce Ave. 572-20937 — F 12-13-60 08-07-61 St. John’s, Quebec, Canada 572-21024 A M 01-20-63 04-05-63 Wingate Rd. 049 — — 01-27-63 02- ?-63 Worthington, Kentucky 078 A M 10-04-63 01-19-64 Brookwood Path 632-31601 A M 11-29-63 11-27-64 Girard Dr. Literature Cited Davis, David E. 1960. Comments on the Migration of Starlings in Eastern United States. Bird Banding, 31: 216-219. Kessel, Brina 1953. Distribution and Migration of the European Starling in North America. Condor, 55 (2): 49-68. 26 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 TAPING THE MOCKINGBIRD’S SONG IN TODD COUNTY John Cecil Wright Annually, as I do my summer trek into the South, I never fail to be amazed at the ability and remarkable energy of the Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). It seems impossible that an energy source so tiny could per- form through so many daylight hours, spring and early summer, to make no mention of the countless musical renditions he proffers to a sleeping world at odd moments all through the night. Frequently, I have toyed with the idea of making a recording of the Mockingbird's song to take back with me to the North, there to awaken from time to time sweet nostalgia — there, where the tintinnabulations of his song are not known. So. last summer on my vacation, I carried just an inexpensive tape-recorder and 200 feet of power cord. The framework of this story of the recording of the Mockingbird’s song could possibly be cast in such a manner as to stir pleasant memories should the lead line begin with some such verbiage as: “Perched high on the gable of an old barn, the Mockingbird was broadcasting his sweet melodies onto the summer’s air!” I did my best to satisfy the specifications of those who thirst after the song of the Mockingbird cast in this legendary setting. I placed the microphone in line with the topmost point of a gable of a barn from which he had been performing wildly, and waited. For two days I waited in vain. Finally I concluded that tempera- ment in artists dwells not in its entirety in the human kind; the bird carefully avoided the gable. On the third day my efforts met with similar failure when I attempted to use the topmost bough of an ancient and gnarled apple tree, a point from which His Artistic Highness had been performing furiously during the two days I had the gable under surveil- lance. Upon sight of the recording apparatus the bird not only deserted the apple tree for the period of my fruitless attempt, but he cancelled appearances at that point for the duration of the summer. After the second failure in my attempt to make a tape-recording of the Mockingbird’s song, I realized I must resort to stratagem if I were to meet with success. It occurred to me that I might be able to use a low perch which the bird was frequenting more and more, now that two of his posts had been rendered untenable by my intrusive action. This third possible location, however, presented a problem in that it was 400 feet from the nearest electrical outlet. Over a distance so great I feared the resistance factor would so reduce the electric current as to render the recording mechanism inoperable. A hasty check over the length of line necessary proved, however, a recording loud and clear could be made. Accordingly, the microphone was concealed among the leaves of this low perch some six feet from the Mockingbird’s “stage,” facing squarely up to that position. The recorder was hidden from the bird’s view at the base of the perch. Then I retired to a point near the source of the electrical supply, from which location I commanded an excellent view of the perch and, being near the electrical switch, was in position to turn the recorder on and off at will. No sooner had I estab- lished myself at my listening post than the Mockingbird, drifting in leaf-like, settled, singing all the while, onto this broadcasting post. The microphone was activated, and the making of a 600-foot tape-recording 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 27 of the Mockingbird’s song began, made in as natural a setting as one could hope for. However, it is a sad story, indeed, to those who thirst after the song of the Mockingbird cast in its legendary setting, to inform them that this successful recording of his song was made as he sang from nothing more ostentatious or evoking of nostalgia than a scrub post oak bush scarcely ten feet high! A close-up “take” of the Mockingbird’s song brings out details of tones, thrills, and “weak” notes with great fidelity. Most of these details are lost when heard under normal conditions at normal distances. At a distance of six feet the microphone brought into audible range facets of the Mockingbird’s song rarely heard directly by the human ear, for this bird, while seemingly appreciative of a human audience, does not perform for it at a distance of six feet. The master tape required some editing, with occasional explanations, to make it more meaningful to the general public. The original possessed random gaps and footage of undesirable background noise which intruded on the central theme. These were eliminated in the editing process. Editing requires the use of a second recorder. Recorder Number 1, carrying the original tape, is attached through proper connections with recorder Number 2, which carries a tape onto which the edited version of the Mockingbird’s song is to be impressed. The operator listen- ing to the “playing” of the original through the monitoring device of the recorder Number 1, records onto the tape on recorder Number 2 the desired portions of the original by as simple an act as starting and stopping recorder Number 2 at the desired moments. Then the original tape may be “wiped” clean — demagnetized — and used for other record- ings. However, I have kept and cherish the original I made of the Mockingbird’s song, and play it back occasionally, if for no other reason than to review the harassing problems, long periods of fruitless waiting, and minor frustrations I experienced in maneuvering America’s most redoubtable songbird into such a position that I can now at will com- mand his performance at a mere flip of the switch. ^ 4: * * SPRING MEETING April 9-11, 1965 The Kentucky Ornithological Society held its 1965 Spring Meeting at Bowling Green, Kentucky, April 9-11, with headquarters at Lost River Motel. Seventy-two persons attended some or all of the events. President Howard P. Jones presided at the opening meeting on Fri- day evening at the Science Building of Western Kentucky State College. Dr. Gordon Wilson announced plans for the Saturday field trips. Dr. L. Y. Lancaster extended a warm invitation to the group from himself and Mrs. Lancaster to re-visit the Mouth of Gasper area, although Mrs. Lan- caster’s illness would prevent her presence. After the showing of slides taken by members and of Karl Maslowski’s color film, “Kentucky Heri- tage,” the group joined Dr. Herbert Shadowen to see the college’s collection of bird skins. Dr. Gordon Wilson led the Saturday morning trip to Chaney Lake. 28 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 After picnic lunch at the roadside park north of Lost River, the group went to the familiar area along Drake’s Creek near Burton Memorial Chapel. The Executive Board met at 4:00 p.m. on Saturday in the president’s suite at the Motel to discuss necessary business. The dinner meeting was held at the Holiday Inn in Bowling Green at 6:30 p.m. After dinner, Mr. Jones introduced the officers and guests and opened a short business session. He reviewed the proposal of the Corps of Engineers to build a dam above the falls at Cumberland Falls State Park, a proposal to which the Society had voiced opposition in 1963 and 1964. "The proposal is now before Governor Breathitt for his rec- ommendation. As the Governor will be under considerable pressure from groups in the Cumberland Falls area to approve the project, the president urged individual Society members to write the Governor within the week following the meeting so that he might be advised of opposition across the state. Dr. William Clay mentioned that members might make the point in their letters that the facility belongs as much to all the people of the state as to those who live near-by and cited the example of Tallulah Falls in Georgia. Dr. Wilson reminded the group that Mr. du Pont gave the park acreage to the state to save it from such a fate as is now proposed. Mr. Jones explained briefly the Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology cooperative nesting study. He stated that the study would provide a comprehensive and authoritative record for the state, and that the records of participants would still be theirs to write up and publish as they desired. The state study will be channeled through four area coordinators: James W. Hancock, Madisonville, for Western Ken- tucky; Dr. Gordon Wilson, Bowling Green, for South Central Kentucky; Mrs. F. W. Stamm, Louisville, for that area; and Howard P. Jones, Frank- fort, for Eastern Kentucky. Record cards may be obtained through these coordinators. Members were urged to participate in the study, but to make sure that any records submitted be made by qualified observers. The Fall Meeting will be held the first week-end in November, November 5-7, at Kentucky Dam Village at Gilbertsville, with head- quarters at the Village Inn. It is expected that both the Golden and Bald Eagles and a variety of waterfowl will be seen at this meeting. Members should arrange their accommodations directly with the Village Inn as soon as possible after receiving the meeting notice. Mr. Jones urged members to be alert for potential members of the Society and advised that informational material is available if requested. Dr. Wilson reported the day’s finds and repeated Dr. and Mrs. Lan- caster’s invitation and gave directions to their cabin. Mr. Jones introduced the speaker for the evening, Mr. Bill Parker, Game Management Agent for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Henderson, Kentucky. Mr. Parker made some introductory remarks be- fore showing an excellent film, “This is the Mallard,” made by the Missouri Department of Conservation, and later answered questions aris- ing from material presented in the film. Both the film and Mr. Parker’s commentary emphasized the need for a much more widespread under- standing of wildlife needs and the compensations which must be made for man-made damage. On Sunday morning the group drove to the Lancaster cabin and divided into parties led by Dr. Lancaster, Dr. Wilson and Dr. Shadowen. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 29 The final bird count for the three-day period set a new record of 128 species. Respectfully submitted, (Mrs. James Gillenwater) Acting Recording Secretary Members and Guests Attending the Meetings BOWLING GREEN; Mildred Allen, Mrs. Harry Bowman, Gail Bow- man, William W. Freeh, Mr. Glasscock, Nancy Glasscock, Dr. L. Y. Lan- caster, Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Long, Dr. and Mrs. Robert N. Pace and chil- dren, Frances Richards, Mary Ellen Richards, Dr. and Mrs. Herbert E. Shadowen and children, Mrs. F. Eugene Wilson, Dr. and Mrs. Gordon Wilson. BURKESVILLE: Charles S. Guthrie, Donnie Smith. FRANKFORT; Howard P. Jones. GLASGOW; Mrs. George J. Ellis, Jr., Mrs. James Gillenwater, Dr. and Mrs. George McKinley, Mary Clyde Nuckols, Dr. and Mrs. Russell Starr. HENDERSON; Mr. and Mrs. Bill Parker, Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Riley. LOUISVILLE; Gudrun Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard C. Brecher, Mrs. Wm. David Brown and daughter Kelly, Floyd Carpenter, Dr. and Mrs. William M. Clay, Joseph Croft, Mary Louise Daubard, Amy Deane, Mrs. Harry H. Hummel, Patricia Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Jackson, Andy Lewis, Jill Longley, Mabel Slack, Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Stamm, Haven Wiley. MURRAY; Dr. and Mrs. Hunter M. Hancock. PARK CITY; Cleo Hogan, Jr. RICHMOND; Mr. and Mrs. John A. Cheek II. SACRAMENTO; Willard Gray, Larry Sharp. HORNBEAK, TENNESSEE; Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Cypert. NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE; Albert F. Ganier. * * * * FIELD NOTES A THIRD RECORD OF GLOSSY IBIS On March 20, 1965, Dr. Herbert Shadowen and I were checking on the water birds at the McElroy Lake, using the telescope that belongs to the biology department of Western. A very cold wind was blowing, and there were remnants of a snow that fell the previous night. Just as we had decided that we would have to return to the car and get warm again, I suddenly heard what sounded at first like the grunt of some wild animal. When this grunt was repeated many times over, I knew that I was hearing something in the air. A flock of large birds, with ex- tended necks and sickle-shaped bills soon appeared over the thicket that is nearest the source pool of the lake. In the bright sunlight it was easy to identify the birds as Glossy Ibises (Plegadis falcinellus). They circled over our heads, not much above the tops of the small trees, and kept up 30 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 their raucous notes. We got many good looks at the flock and at individ- ual birds. Probably seeing us, the birds slowly circled again and flew back toward the source pool. What made the record so startling was that there are only two previous records, of one bird each, for this whole area: April 21, 1945 (Ky. Warbler, 21:48, 1945) and May 12, 1956 (Ky. Warbler, 32:59-61, 1956). Both of the earlier records were made on the McElroy Farm, only a few yards from where we first saw the 27 ibises in flight. —GORDON WILSON, Bowling Green. ♦ ♦ * ♦ ALBINO HAWKS AT LAKE CUMBERLAND On Monday, October 12, 1964, Oscar Bryens and the writer were in a boat on Pumpkin Creek, about one-half mile above the state boat dock. This is in Russell County, and near where the creek enters Lake Cumber- land. We saw a large almost white bird perched on a tree about 100 feet above the water. The bird was plainly a hawk about the size of a Red- tailed (Buteo jamaicensis). The head, upper back, and breast were a pure white, marked with heavy almost-black streaks; the rump and feathers on the legs were also white. The upper parts of the folded wing seemed to be light gray, becoming darker lower down. The outer tail feathers were white, but the middle was darker. When the bird flew, it disappeared behind the trees so quickly, we could not tell much about it. We went up the creek about a quarter of a mile further and saw another white hawk. It was not the same one because its entire under- parts were pure white, the bill yellow instead of medium blue-gray of the first one; otherwise, the plumage was the same. We examined this bird about three minutes before it flew out of sight. Later in the afternoon. Carpenter saw near the same location, what was evidently the first hawk. In flight it was light underneath except for the streaks on the abdomen and black wing tips. The central tail feathers were the color of a Red-tailed Hawk, except much lighter. I searched many texts and pictures but found nothing like it. I am inclined to think that the two birds were probably albino Red-tailed Hawks.— FLOYD S. CARPENTER, Louisville. * 4: 4: ALBINO RED-TAILED HAWK IN McLEAN COUNTY On Sunday afternoon, March 21, I was returning to Sacramento, Ken- tucky, from Louisville. About a mile and one-half north of Island, on U.S. 431, I spied a large white bird circling low over the Green River Bottoms on the right side of the road. I stopped immediately, thinking that I had seen a Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca). The bird crossed the road behind me as I got it in my glasses. It flew to the nearby hillside and lit about two hundred yards away. It flew along the side of the ridge and lit on three occasions while under observation, coming closer each time. After about five minutes it flew up over the ridge and out of sight. I drove around the point of the hill and stopped to scan the sky. I observed 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 31 the bird gaining altitude and watched until it finally disappeared in the distance. It was solid white with the tail showing a slight bit of shadow. I had quickly realized after getting it in my glasses that it was a buteo. The broad wings and rounded tail, along with the overall size, leave no doubt in my mind that I had been observing an albino Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). — WILLARD GRAY, Sacramento. * g; iic ^ ANOTHER MID-WINTER BIRD COUNT This mid-winter bird count from Madison County, came too late to be included in the compilation published in the last issue. The count is a good one with some interesting water species and is, therefore, listed below. — Ed. RICHMOND (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center at Duncannon. The route followed was from Richmond to Berea, Brushy Fork to Berea Woods, Big Hill, Kingston, Blue Grass Army Depot, Tates Creek Road, Million, Silver Creek, and Barnes Mill Road to Richmond.) — Dec. 31; 7;45 a.m. to 4:10 p.m.; temp. 33° to 64°; wind NE to E, 5-14 m.p.h.; partly cloudy to clear. Total, 35 species, about 2,428 individuals. Canada Goose, 50; Mallard, 204; Black Duck, 50; American Widgeon, 12; Redhead, 6; Bufflehead, 2; Black Vulture, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 3; Red- shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 9; American Coot, 20; Mourning Dove, 42; Yellow-shafted Flicker, 3; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3; Yellow- bellied Sapsucker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 3; Common Crow, 400; Carolina Chickadee, 20; Tufted Titmouse, 24; Carolina Wren, 4; Mock- ingbird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 2; Robin, 2; Eastern Bluebird, 16; Starling, 190; House Sparrow, 50; Eastern Meadowlark, 16; Redwinged Blackbird, 1; Common Grackle, 1,000; Brown-headed Cowbird, 200; Cardinal, 10; American Goldfinch, 1; Slate-colored Junco, 56; Song Sparrow, 8. Several species that we normally would expect to find at this time of year were not recorded. There was a report of 40 Robins seen on January 2, 1965. — Richard M. Barnes, Mrs. John A. Cheek, John A. Cheek (compiler), Frank B. Gailey, Mrs. Mary McGlasson, A. L. Whitt, Jr. * at m * BOOK REVIEW THOREAU ON BIRDS, selections from his writings, compiled and with commentary by Helen Cruickshank. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1964. 331 pp. Ulus. $7.95. In this nicely bound volume Helen Cruickshank has assembled some of the most interesting passages about birds from Thoreau’s writings. Many of the passages have been extracted from Walden, but the bulk of the selections are from the less familiar Journal, a huge work of 14 vol- umes. The greater portion of the book consists of passages on specific birds, arranged in both chronological and check list order. Mrs. Cruick- shank has added her own commentary throughout the book, which helps to explain the material presented, provides current terminology, and 32 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 tells why certain species are now more numerous, or less numerous, than they were in Thoreau’s day. Since she is a bird watcher and knows the New England birds well, her comments are of special interest and always set apart from those of Thoreau’s notes; so there is no confusion between the two authors. Mrs. Cruickshank describes the ornithological reference books used by Thoreau and includes 16 pages of illustrations from them; these re- productions are by Nuttall, Wilson, and Audubon. The science of orni- thology was in its infancy when Thoreau watched birds at Walden Pond, and it is readily understood how difficult it must have been for him to identify all the birds in the Concord area without the help of present- day field guides. There are some general bird notes arranged chronologically, but not by subject; these deal with birds in a broad way. She also includes some excerpts from his travels and an alphabetical list of the birds he knew. Although Thoreau made no great contribution to the science of orni- thology, he was the first of many observers to write about the birds he saw in the vicinity of Concord, Massachusetts. These accounts, written with such sympathetic observation and beauty of style, seem all the more enjoyable because of the compiler’s present-day comments. Those interested in the great out-of-doors, and a love of birds will enjoy the descriptive notes of the Concord area. The book provides the bird watcher with a ready reference to the notes of this great natural- ist-philosopher and his thoughts about birds more than a century ago. —A. L. S. * 4: ♦ ♦ NEWS AND VIEWS (Continued from page 22) HELP SAVE CUMBERLAND FALLS STATE PARK Cumberland Falls State Park with all of its natural scenic beauty is about to be ruined if the Corps of Army Engineers plans materialize. The plans? The building of a dam on the Cumberland River, just above the falls! This is the park for which the late, nationally known conserva- tionist and honorary K. O. S. member, Tom Wallace, fought so eagerly more than 30 years ago to preserve for posterity. He was a great advocate of being militant in efforts to preserve our natural resources. Could we do less? K. O. S. members will, therefore, want to voice their objections and urge the prevention of a hydroelectric development involving the falls before it is too late. WRITE TO GOVERNOR EDWARD T. BREATHITT NOW! The Kentucky Warbler (Published by the Kentucky Ornithological Society) VOL. XLI AUGUST, 1965 NO. 3 Some K. 0. S. Members at Chaney Lake, April 10, 1965 IN THIS ISSUE NEWS AND VIEWS 34 APPRAISAL OF GREATER SCAUP SIGHT RECORDS AT LOUISVILLE, Haven Wiley 35 BIG SPRING LISTS, 1965: Land between the Lakes, Madisonville, Henderson, Bowling Green, Mammoth Cave National Park, Louisville, Burnam Woods, Berea 43 THE 1965 ONE-DAY BALD EAGLE COUNT 45 FIELD NOTES: Bald Eagles in the Land Between the Lakes, 1964-65, Clell Peterson 47 Notes on the Incubation and Nestling Period of the Mockingbird, Anne L. Stamm 48 KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LIBRARY 1965 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY OR. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF 49 34 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 THE KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Founded in 1923 by B. C. Bacon, L. Otley Pindar, and Gordon Wilson) President Howard P. Jones, Frankfort Vice-President . Cletis Weller, Deatsville Corr. Sec.-Treasurer Mrs. James Gillenwater, Glasgow Recording Secretary Evelyn J. Schneider, Louisville Councillors: A. H. Mayfield, Winchester 1963-1965 Virginia Smith, Henderson 1963-1965 Herbert E. Shadowen, Bowling Green 1964-1966 Charles S. Guthrie, Burkesville 1964-1966 Retiring President Librarian Curator Staff Artist Clell T. Peterson, Murray Evelyn Schneider, Louisville Burt L. Monroe, Sr., Ridge Road, Anchorage Ray Harm, Cox’s Creek THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Organ of the Kentucky Ornithological Society. Published quarterly in February, May, August, and November. The KENTUCKY WARBLER is sent to all members not in arrears for dues. Membership dues are: Active or Regular, $3.00; Contributing, $5.00; Student, $2.00; Correspond- ing, $2.50; Life, $50.00. All articles and communications should be address- ed to the editor. Subscriptions, memberships, and requests for back issues should be sent to the treasurer. Editor Anne L. (Mrs. F. W.) Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40222 Editorial Advisory Board Roger W. Barbour Harvey B. Lovell Leonard C. Brecher Herbert E. Shadowen Joseph E. Croft Gordon Wilson NEWS AND VIEWS OUR 1965 FALL MEETING Begin planning now to attend our Annual Fall Meeting to be held this year at Kentucky Dam Village at Gilbertsville, with headquarters at Village Inn. The meeting is scheduled later than usual — November 5-7 — with the hope that it will be possible to see both the Golden and Bald Eagles as well as a variety of ducks and geese. Full particulars will be mailed well in advance. (Continued on page 56) 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 35 APPRAISAL OF GREATER SCAUP SIGHT RECORDS AT LOUISVILLE R. Haven Wiley, Jr. In recent years a number of sight records of the Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) indicate that this species is more regular on the Ohio River in the Louisville area than has been supposed. Since, at present, any summary of the status of this species in the Louisville area must include such field observations, an analysis of field identification of the two scaup is appropriate. Methods of Field Identification The following discussion of field marks is based on my field observa- tions and my examination of skins in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Uni- versity. All these marks are mentioned by both Peterson (1947:45-6) and Kortright (1953:255). (I) The sides of the head of Greater Scaup adult males have green gloss, while the Lesser Scaup (A. affinis) has purple gloss. All the Lesser Scaup adult males I examined had both purple and green gloss on the head. The purple was most intense on the top and back of the head but usually spread over the sides of the head also; the green was often no more than a small spot behind the eye but in some individuals was quite extensive on the sides of the head. None of the Greater Scaup had any purple on the head. The green was usually more extensive and more in- tense than even the greatest extent and intensity of green on the Lesser Scaup. The green gloss on the Greater Scaup reached farther forward, higher and lower than in the Lesser Scaup. In October and November the males’ heads in both species are browner and the gloss more restricted, sometimes almost absent. So purple and green gloss is often seen on Lesser Scaup adult males. However, purple is never absent on adult male Lessers, while it is never found on Creators. In the fall, the gloss is much restricted and difficult to see. In the field I have recognized male scaup with both green and purple head gloss; for instance on January 10, 1959, there were at least ten near the shore at the foot of Fourth Street in Louisville. Observation of head gloss color depends on light conditions. With good sunlight from the rear and through a 20X telescope, the wholly green head of the Greater Scaup can be conspicuous from a quarter-mile away, while on a dull day through 7X binoculars, fifty feet might be a maximum distance for ob- serving gloss color. No color can usually be seen when looking toward the sun. (II) The profile of the head of the Greater Scaup is flatter on top, while the head of the Lesser is more arched. This does not show in skins, but is noticeable in the field, especially when the two species are together. Kortright (loc. cit.) and Peterson (loc. cit.) describe this character. At Louisville, I carefully studied scaup on several occasions when the two species were in the same group at close range, in order to sketch and note descriptions of head shape. My observations and the above authors’ de- scriptions can be summarized as follows (see illustration): (1) the crown 36 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 is lower and flatter in the Greater Scaup, higher and more arched (owing to longer feathers on the top of the head) in the Lesser; (2) the lower crown and flatter back of the head of the Greater give a rounder overall appearance, while the longer feathers on top of the Lesser’s head give a more arched appearance to the top and usually a notched or slightly tufted appearance to the upper back corner. These differences in head shape are slight, but if studied carefully at close range several times they become readily noticeable. HEADS OF SCAUP (Redrawn irom Field Sketches) The small tuft of feathers usually noticeable in the Lesser, which is absent in the Greater, is comparable to the bulkier tuft of the Ring- necked Duck (A. collaris) and the longer tuft of the Tufted Duck (A. fuligula) of Europe, both closely related to the scaup. The head shape does not depend on light conditions for observation or on the sex of the bird observed, but its recognition requires careful acquaintance with the two species or immediate comparison. (III) The flanks of the male Greater Scaup average whiter, while those of the male Lesser are more likely to be vermiculated with gray. This character depends on the season and on the age of the scaup. Im- mature male plumages of both species have much medium brown on the flanks. These young males of both species appear browner generally with less head gloss. Dark flanks can persist in first-year birds until early spring (see Bent, 1923:210-11; Kortright, 1953:255). As late as March 20 (1960) two of these young male Greater Scaup were seen at Towhead Is- land in Louisville with a full-plumaged adult male and two female Greaters and 25 Lessers. These were observed in good light from about 50 feet away. The young Greaters, with flanks mostly brown, were identified by the green head gloss, the typical Greater head shape and the larger size. Spring adult male Lessers have somewhat variable amounts of dark vermiculation on the flanks; the Lesser at this season sometimes has flanks as white as the Greater. In December, though, adult male scaup appear more easily separated by flank color. On December 27, 1964, flank color was examined at close range on 125 scaup identified by the distinctive head shapes. All drake Lessers had considerable gray areas on the flanks; drake Greaters had bright, almost wholly white flanks. Immatures of both species were noticeably brown on the flanks. The whiteness of the flanks seems to be most characteristic in fresh adult male plumage. Young male plumages of both species have brownish flanks. In the spring drake Lessers have whiter flanks than in early winter, apparently because the gray feather tips wear off. (IV) The white wing-stripe of the Greater Scaup extends well into 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 37 the primaries, while it is limited to the secondaries (and sometimes the innermost primary) in the Lesser. This character seems to be inde- pendent of age or sex. The white wing-stripe of the Lesser is confined to the secondaries; in the Greater, in addition to both vanes of the sec- ondaries, the outer vanes of about six inner primaries are white. In the field I find the wing-stripe is sometimes difficult to see care- fully. The primaries of the Greater Scaup are paler brown than the wing coverts, although not white. However, when a clear view is obtained, the long white wing-stripe seems to be immediately recognizable and diagnostic. (V) Finally, the Greater Scaup is slightly larger and bulkier than the Lesser and appears to have a slightly larger head proportionately. Especially, the bill of the Greater is proportionately larger. The two species are so slightly different in these respects that immediate compari- son at close range is necessary. There is no single character which is sufficient for a complete identi- fication. The greatest number of diagnostic characters carefully observed and noted gives the most reliable field identification. Above all, imme- diate comparison at close range between the two species is best. The Greater Scaup in Kentucky must be considered a rarity and all field identifications made with this in mind. Status in the Louisville Area The following table lists by date the published occurrences of the Greater Scaup in the Louisville area: Nov. 9, 1941 Female and immature male shot near Brandenburg, Meade Co. Monroe and Mon- gol, 1943:60 Dec. 18, 1958 13 seen by Monroes Aud. Field Notes, 13:296 Dec. 21, 1952 1 shot by hunter near Louisville Ky. Warbler, 29:12 Dec. 21, 1958 6 seen by Monroes on Louisville Christmas Count Ky. Warbler, 35:6 Dec. 22, 1960 2 seen by Wiley and Croft Aud. Field Notes, 15:333 Dec. 22, 1963 11 on Louisville Christmas Count Ky. Warbler, 40:6 Dec. 23, 1961 5 adult males seen by Monroes on Count Ky. Warbler, 38:36 Dec. 25, 1950 Adult male with a pair of Lessors seen by Monroes Ky. Warbler, 26:12 Dec. 26, 1955 3 shot, 3 others seen on Louisville Christmas Count Ky. Warbler, 32:14 Dec. 27, 1964 22 on Louisville Christmas Count Ky. Warbler, 41:10 Dec. 30, 1962 70, most in one large raft on Count Ky. Warbler, 39:10 Jan. 19, 1957 5 seen by Croft Aud. Field Notes, 11:268 Jan. 23, 1957 3 seen by Croft Aud. Field Notes, 13:269 38 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Monroe and Monroe (1961:27) summarize Louisville records, “Winter resident; rare. Extreme dates; October 30 (1960) and March 27.” Wilson (1939:20; 1946:10; 1952:46) writes that he has records for the Bowling Green area for March 7, April 1, 14, 21, and May 12. Elsewhere (1962:8) he gives February 1 and June 19 as extreme dates for this region, with a single record on January 23. In recent years a considerable number of additional sight records of this species have been made in the Louisville area. I would like to report 17 records made by me (three are included also in the published references above). In each case the birds were carefully studied and all relevant characteristics noted and often sketched on the spot. In most instances the Greaters were with one or more Lessers and were within a hundred feet or so of me; I used 7X binoculars and a 20X telescope. Some of my notes on selected observations follow. October 30, 1960. One female Greater with one female Lesser within 150 feet on the water through a telescope and within 50 feet in flight through binoculars on the Ohio River at Louisville. Larger size, propor- tionately larger head, distinctive head profile, and white wing-stripe extending well into primaries — all seen on the Greater and compared with the Lesser. December 27, 1964. Twenty-two Greaters at Shippingport Island on Louisville Christmas Count (birds seen also by Stamm, Croft, Brecher). Fifteen (adult and immature males, females) in one flock with one adult male Lesser. Head shapes compared carefully and sketched on the spot. Flank coloration of the drake (Jreaters compared with the Lesser present in the flock and with 110 Lessers seen at close range soon afterward. December 30, 1961. One male on the Ohio River at the foot of Fourth Street in Louisville. Head with green gloss only and white wing-stripe extending into two-thirds of the primaries. December 30, 1962. Raft of 66 males and females off Shippingport Island on Louisville Christmas Count, also seen by Stamm, Brecher, Croft, and others. Bright green head gloss conspicuous and spread evenly over entire side of head (seen in good light from one-quarter mile away with 20X telescope); also flattened top of head with no notch in upper back corner. January 10, 1959. Three adult males with 10 Lessers at the foot of Fourth Street in Louisville on the river. Green heads of Greaters com- pared with purple and green head of Lessers. January 16, 1960. One adult male with three Lessers at Cox’s Park outside Louisville on the river. Head shape described in notes taken on the spot; white wing-stripe extended nearly to the outermost primary in the (Greater and was limited to the secondaries in the Lessers — the dif- ference was immediately apparent when the four scaup flew. January 30, 1960. Flock of 16 scaup (3 female, 7 young male and 3 full-plumaged adult male Greaters with 3 adult male Lessers) at Tow- head Island in Louisville. Five characteristics of the drake Greaters were described in notes while they were watched with a 20X telescope for half an hour from 50 feet away. Head shape, wholly green head gloss and long white wing-stripe clearly seen. The young male Greaters “ranged in plumage between almost entirely brown with some green gloss on head to almost full adult male plumage except for small patch of brownish in the middle of the flanks.” In addition, all characteristics of the Lesser 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 39 were studied. One Greater dived and caught a crayfish, which it ate after surfacing. Two other scaup quarrelled over a small fish which both tried to swallow but which was abandoned after both found it too large. February 11, 1961. Long white wing-stripe seen carefully on eight scaup with a 20X telescope from about 150 feet away in a circling flock of about 100 scaup, 200 Black Ducks (Anas rubripes), 50 Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria), several Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula), Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Pintails (Anas acuta) near the bank of the Ohio up-river from Towhead Island. Lessers were always given the benefit of the doubt in the identification of scaup. March 20, 1960. Five Greaters (one adult male, two females, two young males) with 25 Lessers at Towhead Island. The head shapes of the two species were sketched. The proportionately larger head of the Great- er was noticeable, and the green gloss of the head was clearly seen on the males. Several Lessers had flanks that looked immaculate. My remaining seven records are these: Dec. 22, 1960, 2 full-plumaged males with 2 Lessers at the foot of Eighth Street. Jan. 2, 1962, 3 full-plumaged males with Lessers at Louisville. Jan. 3, 1959, 2 full-plumaged males with a flock of 15 unidentified female and young scaup at the foot of Fourth Street. Jan. 9, 1960, 2 full-plumaged males with 2 male Lessers at the foot of Eighth Street. Feb. 11, 1960, 7 with 2 Lessers at Towhead Island (wing-stripes compared) Feb. 12, 1960, 1 full-plumaged male at Louisville. Mar. 3, 1960, 2 full-plumaged males with 5 Lessers at the mouth of Harrod’s Creek. All of these were identified on the same bases as the preceding rec- ords for which the details are given. These 17 records plus the published occurrences listed above for the Louisville area (except the three which are included in my 17) are distributed by months as follows: October 1 November 1 December 12 January 10 February 3 March 2 The season of most frequent occurrence seems to be mid-winter in December and January. However, careful observation and collecting might show that this species is more frequent in February and March than is indicated. The spring records from Bowling Green, Kentucky, together with ones from Indianapolis (April 21, 1961; Aud. Field Notes, 15:414), Cincinnati (April 27, 1954, one collected; Aud. Field Notes, 8:314), and Buckeye Lake in central Ohio (March 23, 1950; Aud. Field Notes, 4:204) would indicate that these birds should be present in the spring. Little can be said about the relative abundance of the two scaup species at Louisville. One large concentration of ducks in which I was able to estimate very roughly the proportion of Greater Scaup was the flock on February 11, 1961 (see notes above). At least 8% of the scaup 40 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 were Greaters. On December 27. 1964, on the Louisville Christmas Count virtually all the scaup in the area above the dam were seen well enough to allow specific identification. Some 145 Lessers and at least 22 Greaters were estimated to have been present — about 13% Greaters. Wright and Kemsies (cited in Aud. Field Notes, 11:268) estimate that some 5% of all identifiable scaup passing through the Cincinnati area are Greaters. The waterfowl above the dam are so distant that specific identifica- tion of scaup is usually impossible. Most identifications of this species in the Louisville area have been in small, unrepresentative groups of scaup in which the proportions of the species were probably unrelated to the proportions in the area as a whole. Most identifications have been made near shore and up-river from the main concentration of waterfowl above the dam. The Greater Scaup is most often identified associating with Lessers in small flocks (probably the presence of the Lessers enhances the possi- bility of detecting Greaters, though) and, less often, with Canvasbacks and still less often with other ducks. The Greaters seem to exhibit little animosity toward the Lessers; the two species often swim, feed and fly in the same flocks and show little tendency to separate into specific groups when present at the same place. This conclusion may also be affected by the circumstances of observation, though, for most identifica- tions are made in small groups of ducks where specific flock formation would perhaps be less likely. On December 23, 1962, a large flock of 66 Greaters was observed near the dam (see notes above); there were no other species noticed within this flock, although all the usual ducks (including many Lessers) were nearby. Similarly, on December 27, 1964, a large flock of 110 Lessers was found to contain no Greaters. The habits of the Greater Scaup in the Louisville area are practically unknown; most generalizations are affected by the circumstances required for identification. Hardly more is known of the seasonal distribution of the species. The Greater Scaup must now be considered regular in small numbers at Louisville in winter; more information on its relationships with the Lesser Scaup are needed. Literature Cited Bent, A. C. 1923 Life histories of North American wild fowl, part 1. Washing- ton, D. C. Kortright, F. H. 1953 The ducks, geese and swans of North America. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Monroe, Burt L., and Robert M. Mengel 1943 Notes on some ducks collected in Kentucky. Auk 60:282. Monroe, Burt L., Sr., and Burt L. Monroe, Jr. 1961 Birds of the Louisville region. Ky. Warbler, 37:23-42. Peterson, Roger Tory 1947 A field guide to the birds. Cambridge, Mass. Wilson, Gordon 1939 Annual field day at McElroy Farm. Ky. Warbler, 15:19-20. 1946 Greater Scaup on Chaney Lake. Ky. Warbler, 22:10. 1952 Woodburn Lakes, season of 1952. Ky. Warbler, 28:44-47. 1962 Birds of south-central Kentucky. Ky. Warbler, 38:3-24. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 41 BIG SPRING LISTS, 1965 LAND BETWEEN THE LAKES (Formerly Kentucky Woodlands National Wildlife Refuge. Approximately same area as covered on other counts). — May 2; bright, warm; temp. 55°-79°; wind S, 2-5 m.p.h. in after- noon, little breeze in morning. The best spring count in this area in recent years. Three species reported for the first time for the area; Semipalmated Plover, Swainson’s Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler. Starred species reported during the period (April 24-May 3) but not on count day. Total, 100 species. — Evelyn Cole, Willard Gray, James W. Han- cock, Edwin Larson, Jr., Clell Peterson (compiler), Paul Sturm, Mrs. James Weatherly. * * * * MADISONVILLE (W. W. Hancock Farm, Brown Road, Elk Creek, Highway 892, cattail marsh, and four lakes at Madisonville and Earling- ton). — May 6; 14V2 hours in field. Mostly cloudy to overcast by late afternoon; temp. 65°-83°. Total, 91 species. — James W. Hancock. * * * HENDERSON (Henderson and environs). — May 2; sunrise to sunset. Clear; temp. 54°-85°; wind S. River was at 34 feet, which had all the sloughs just about full, and as water was falling mud flats became ex- posed. One factor in favor of our good list may have been the steady south wind which had been apparent for two days. We were fortunate in having Jim Huffman, of Los Angeles, with us. He was particularly interested in how many of the warblers had congregated around the edges of the clearings of the newly constructed golf course in Audubon Park. W. J. Parker worked the water and shore bird part of the report. Total, 154 species. — King Benson, Mrs. Lora Clark, Jim Huffman, W. J. Parker, Mrs. Ross Parsons, Wm. H. Rhoads, W. P. Rhoads (compiler), Virginia Smith, Mrs George Stanley, Mrs. Nat Stanley, Jr., Mrs. Nat Stanley, Sr. * * * * BOWLING GREEN (Bowling Green area; lakes, Drake’s Creek, Mouth of Gasper, Three Springs). — April 10-11; 7 hours in the field on April 10, until noon on April 11. Warm, threatening, thundershower on evening of April 10; strong SW wind on April 11. Some 70 K. O. S. mem- bers and guests were on one or more of the outings. Total, 128 species, a new record. The previous high was 120 species, made in 1956, the first of our spring meetings at Bowling Green, and again in 1962. We found this year 30 species of water birds and 98 land birds; our previous best records were as follows; 98 land birds in 1962, 37 water birds in 1956, 18 ducks in 1961, and 11 shorebirds in 1956. Having some ten telescopes in our various parties gave us a chance to identify the waterfowl better. — Gordon Wilson, compiler. 42 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK (Nearly all sections south of Green River and the Good Spring, Hickory Cabin, Mill Branch areas on the north side). — April 29; 5:00 a.m. to 5;30 p.m. Foggy and chilly early, partly cloudy later, then clear and pleasant the rest of the day. Five observers in two parties, coming together at the picnic area for lunch. Total, 89 species, 6 of them outside the park limits. — Mrs. George Ellis, Mrs. Mary Clyde Nuckols, Dr. and Mrs. Russell Starr, Gordon Wil- son (compiler). * * LOUISVILLE (Louisville and its environs, including the Ohio River, woodlands, meadows, and Caperton’s Swamp). — May 2; all day. Com- ments; scarcity of hawks; no bobolinks; good representation of shore- birds; fair variety of warbler species but numbers low; few Redstarts; good numbers of vireos except, of course, Philadelphia and Solitary. Total, 132 species. — Leonard C. Brecher, Floyd Carpenter, Joseph E. Croft, Mary Louise Daubard, Amy Deane, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Horner, Mrs. Harry Hummel, Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Jackson, Dr. and Mrs. Harvey B. Lovell, Mrs. Spencer Martin, Burt L. Monroe, Sr. (compiler), Mrs. H. V. Noland, Marie Pieper, Louis Pieper, Mr. and Mrs. F. P. Shannon, Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Stamm, Chester Sundquist, Mrs. S. Charles Thacher, Audrey Wright. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ BURNAM WOODS PRESBYTERIAN CAMP (Estill County, 6 miles north of Irvine. This is the same site as the former Marcumberland place, known for exotic birds kept by Mr. Marcum). — May 1; 5:30 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., 9:00 to 12:00 noon, 1:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Clear; temp. 58°-85°. This region is primarily a deciduous summer forest of the mixed meso- phytic type. Dominance in this area is shared by several species of trees including beech, tulip-tree, maple, Tilia spp., and red oaks. Stands of Virginia Pine appear on some slopes of this region. The lower slopes and valleys are occupied by old-field successional stages in varying stages of development. Long walks into the mountains to the east were made. The tallest mountain to the north was also climbed. This was a week- end outing of the Eastern Kentucky State College Biology Club; some 20 members along with eight teachers participated. Total, 66 species. — Among the observers were the following: Bill Broughton, J. T. Bryan, John Cheek, II (compiler), Ron Delanglade, Sanford Jones, Ray Jordon, Robert Larance, Mrs. Mary McGlasson. ♦ BEREA (Suburban residential area and city streets, cemetery, golf course, part of Berea campus, wooded hillsides, farm fields, farm pond, bottomland, thickets). — May 1 and 2; three major hikes, occupying a total of 8 hours. A total of 10 people were involved in the separate trips. Observations of especially interesting or additional birds by other people within two days before or after the stated date have been included. Total, 60 species. — Frank Gailey, compiler. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 43 BIG SPRING LISTS, 1965 A * means that the species was recorded near but not on the count date; W — Woodlands (now called Land Between the Lakes); M — Madison- ville; H — Henderson; BG — Bowling Green; MC — Mammoth Cave Na- tional Park; L — Louisville; BW — Burnam Woods; B — Berea. Horned Grebe — H, BG Pied-billed Grebe — H, BG, L Double-cr. Cormorant — H Great Blue Heron — H, BG Green Heron — W, M, H, BG, L Common Egret — W, H, L Little Blue Heron — H Black-cr. N. Heron — W*, BG Yellow-cr. N. Heron — L Least Bittern — H American Bittern — W*, M, L Canada Goose — W, H Mallard— W, H, BG, L Black Duck— W*, H, BG Gadwall— H, BG Pintail — H Green-winged Teal — H, BG Blue-winged Teal — W, H, BG, L American Widgeon — H, BG, L Shoveler — W, BG Wood Duck — W, M, H, BG, L Redhead H, BG Ring-necked Duck — M, BG, L Canvasback — H Greater Scaup — H, BG Lesser Scaup — W, M, H, BG, L Common Goldeneye — H, BG Buiflehead — BG Oldsquaw — L* Ruddy Duck — M, BG Hooded Merganser — H, BG, L* Red-breasted Merganser — BG T. Vulture— W, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B B. Vulture— H, BG, L Sharp-sh. Hawk — H, BG Cooper’s Hawk — H, BG, L Red-tailed Hawk— W, H, BG, MC, L Red-sh. Hawk— W, H, BG, MC, L, B Broad-winged Hawk — W*, BG, BW Rough-legged Hawk — BG, MC Bald Eagle— W*, H Marsh Hawk — H, BG Osprey — W*, M*, H Pigeon Hawk — BG Sparrow Hawk — M*, H, BG, L Bobwhite— W, M, H, BG, L, BW, B Ring-necked Pheasant — H Turkey — W American Coot — W, M, H, BG, L Semipalmated Plover — W Piping Plover — H Killdeer— W*, M, H, BG, L, B American Woodcock — W*, M* Common Snipe — W, H, BG, L Spotted Sandpiper — W, M, BG, L Solitary Sandpiper — W, M, BG, L Greater Yellowlegs — M, H, BG, L Lesser Yellowlegs — W, BCj, L Pectoral Sandpiper — W, H, BG Stilt Sandpiper — H Semipalmated Sandpiper — L Herring Gull — H Ring-billed Gull— W, L Bonaparte’s Gull — H Common Tern — W Least Tern — H Black Tern — H M. Dove— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Yellow-b. Cuckoo — W, M, H, L, B Screech Owl — H Great Horned Owl — H, BG Barred Owl— H, BG, MC, L Chuck-will’s-widow — M, H, L Whip-poor-will — M, H, MC, L, BW C. Nighthawk— M, H, BG, MC, B C. Swift— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B R-t. Hummingbird — W, H, MC, L, B B. Kingfisher— W, H, MC, L, BW Y-s. Flicker— W*, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B P. Woodpecker — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW R-b. Woodpecker — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B R-h. Woodpecker — W*, M, H, BG, MC, L Y-b. Sapsucker — H, BG, MC H. Woodpecker — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B D. Woodpecker — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B E. Kingbird— W, M, H, BG, MC, L G. C. Flycatcher— W, M, H, MC, L, B 44 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 E. Phoebe— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Ac. Flycatcher — W, M, H, MC, L, BW Traill’s Flycatcher — H Least Flycatcher — H, L E. Wood Pewee — W, M, H, L Horned Lark— M. H, BG, L Tree Swallow — BG, B Bank Swallow — H R-w. Swallow— W*, M, H, BG, MC, L Barn Swallow— W, M, H, BG, L, BW Cliff Swallow — H P. Martin— W, M, H, BG, L, B Blue Jay— W, M, H, BG, MC, L. BW, B C. Crow— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B C. Chickadee— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B T. Titmouse— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B W-b. Nuthatch— W, M. H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Brown Creeper — BG House Wren — M, H, BG, L, B Winter Wren — BG Bewick’s Wren — M*, H, BG, BW, B C. Wren— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B S-b. Marsh Wren — W Mockingbird — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Catbird— W, M, H, MC, L. BW, B B. Thrasher— W, M. H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Robin— W*, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B W. Thrush— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Hermit Thrush — BG, L. BW S. Thrush— W, M, H, MC, L, B G-c. Thrush— W, H, MC, L Veery— H, MC, L E. Bluebird— W, M, H, BG, MC. L, BW B-g. Gnatcatcher— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW Golden-c. Kinglet — BG Ruby-c. Kinglet — W, M*, BG, MC, L Cedar Waxwing — M, H, BG, L Loggerhead Shrike — H, BG, MC, L Starling— W, M, H, BG. MC. L, BW, B W-e. Viren— W, H, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Y-th. Vireo — W, M. H, BG, MC, L. BW, B Solitary Vireo — H, L Red-e. Vireo — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Philadelphia Vireo — L War. Vireo— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW B.-and-w. Warbler— W, M*, H, BG, MC, L, BW Pro. Warbler— W, M, H, BG, MC, L Swainson’s Warbler — W Worm-e. Warbler — W, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Golden-w. Warbler — W, H, BG, MC, L Blue-w. Warbler— W, H, BG, MC, L Tenn. Warbler — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW Nash. Warbler— W, M*, H, MC, L, B Par. Warbler— H, BG, MC, BW Y. Warbler— W, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Mag. Warbler — W, M*, H, L Cape May Warbler — M*, H, L Myr. Warbler— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B B. -th. G. Warbler— H, BG, MC, L Cer. Warbler— W, M. H, BG, MC, L, BW Blackburnian Warbler — M. H Y.-thr. Warbler— W, M. H, BG, MC, L C. -s. Warbler— W*, M. H, MC, L Bay-b. Warbler— M*, H, MC, L, B Blackpoll Warbler — M. L, B Pine Warbler — H, MC Pr. Warbler— W, M, BG, MC, BW Palm Warbler— W, M. H, BG, MC, L Ovenbird— W, M, H, MC, L, BW N. Waterthrush— W, M, MC, L L. Waterthrush— W, M, H, BG, MC, L. BW Ky. Warbler— W, M, H, MC, L, BW Conn. Warbler — L Yellow-th.— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Y.-br. Chat— W, M. H, MC, L. BW, B H. Warbler— H, MC, L, BW, B Wilson’s Warbler — M, MC Canada Warbler — M* Am. Redstart— W, M, H, MC, L H. Sparrow— W*, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Bobolink — L* E. Meadowlark — W, M. H, BG, MC, L, BW, B R.-w. Blackbird— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B O. Oriole— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW Balt. Oriole — W, M, H, L, B R. Blackbird — BG, L 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 45 C. Crackle— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Br.-h. Cowbird— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Sc. Tanager— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Sum. Tanager— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Cardinal— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B R.-br. Grosbeak — M, H, MC, L, BW Ind. Bunting — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Dickcissel — M, H, L Purple Finch — BG Am. Goldfinch— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B R.-s. Towhee— W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Sav. Sparrow — W, BG, L Gr. Sparrow — W, H, BG, L Henslow’s Sparrow — L Vesper Sparrow — BG S.-col. Junco— W, BG, MC Tree Sparrow — L Chipping Sparrow — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Field Sparrow — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B White-cr. Sparrow — H, BG, MC, L White-th. Sparrow — W, M, H, BG, MC, L, BW, B Fox Sparrow — H, BG Swamp Sparrow — W, H, BG, L Song Sparrow — W, M, H, BG, L, BW, B THE 1965 ONE-DAY BALD EAGLE COUNT Compiled by the Editor The One-Day Bald Eagle Count conducted in cooperation with the Mississippi Valley Eagle Survey was undertaken by K. O. S. members on February 13 or 14, 1965. The count showed a total of 37 Bald Eagles: 13 adults, 18 immatures, and 6 unclassified. This represented an increase over last year’s count of 22. However, this does not necessarily mean an increase in eagles but rather better coverage and more observers. The following areas were checked and reports received: (1) The Land Between the Lakes (formerly the Kentucky National Wildlife Refuge). Clell Peterson with the assistance of Choyce Barnett, Larry Clark, Evelyn Cole, Willard Gray, Edwin Larson, Jr., and Paul Sturm found 21 Bald Eagles (5 m, 13 im, 3?). These birds were sighted at the following places: Honker Lake, Long Creek Dam, Hematite Range and Lake, Duncan Bay, Smith Bay, over Truck Road, and over #453, near Pisgah Church. (2) Ballard County Waterfowl Refuge. At the suggestion of Clell Peterson, a survey was made of the Refuge by Dan Austin and Mike Moynhan; three Bald Eagles were seen (2 m, 1 im). (3) Along the Ohio River in the Henderson Area. Virginia Smith re- ported that J. W. Parker found 4 (2 m, 2 im) Bald Eagles about seven miles above the mouth of the Wabash River, across from Mount Vernon, Indiana. (4) Ohio River near Marion, and near Dam #50. Chastain Frazer found no Bald Eagles on the count day, but he saw 2-5 daily from mid- November until February 7, when “they pulled out.” Jim Frazer, a lock- man at Dam #50, saw no more than two immature eagles at any one time during the winter. Burt L. Monroe, Sr., reported that Douglas Travis observed three Bald Eagles on the Ohio River, in the vicinity of Marion, on February 14. (5) Dam #44. Floyd Carpenter and Evelyn Schneider covered the 46 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Ohio River on the Indiana side from Bridgeport to Mauckport, and near the lock at Leavenworth, at Dam #44, during the morning hours of February 14; no eagles were observed. (6) Otter Creek Area. The Ohio River, from four miles below Rock Haven to two miles above was checked by the following members: Gudrun Anderson, Joseph Croft, Anne L. Stamm, and Frederick W. Stamm. Other observations were made in the morning at West Point, and in the afternoon from the bluff at Brandenburg and at Blue River Island, near Dam #44. Three Bald Eagles were sighted: 2 adults observed near the mouth of Otter Creek, and 1 immature slightly south of this area. (7) McAlpine Dam #41 — Harmony Landing. James Keyes checked the dam area in the early morning hours and Harmony Landing during the noon hours but found no eagles. Mrs. William David Brown and her party checked the latter area when Keyes left; she found no eagles. (8) Shepherdsville Area. Leonard C. Brecher reported that Dave Wilson saw one mature Bald Eagle on a private lake approximately 10 miles southeast of Shepherdsville and west of Bernheim Forest. (9) Kentucky River. Alfred Reece spent 41/2 hours checking the Kentucky River in the Lexington area without results. (10) Wolfe Creek Dam. Charles Guthrie and David Wells worked the area along Lake Cumberland State Park, Grider Hill Dock, and the area below the dam. They found two adult Bald Eagles about one-half mile below the dam. (11) Tug River. The following interesting comment came from Rufus Reed who lives near Tug River in eastern Kentucky: “I haven’t heard of a Bald Eagle being seen in this region since I was a lad over fifty years ago.” The editor received the following additional winter records of the Bald Eagle and they are listed below for our readers’ interest: January 1, 1965, two immature birds between Carrsville and Golconda, on the Ohio, observed by Dave Wilson, reported by L. C. Brecher. January 8, 1965, one adult, one immature at Lake Cumberland State Park by Claudia Smith. February 6, 1965, one adult, one immature on Salt River, Bullitt County, by Joseph Croft. February 18, 1965, one adult bird at Lake Cumberland State Park, by Claudia Smith. February 28, 1965, two mature birds at Rock Haven, observed by Dr. and Mrs. Austin Bloch. A complete report from the Mississippi Valley Eagle Survey for the 1965 One-Day Bald Eagle Count was received by the editor and it showed a total of 868 Bald Eagles: 580 adults, 191 immatures, and 97 not aged. The areas covered, according to the report, were “mostly the Mississippi River from the sources to below St. Louis and most rivers and places where eagles winter in Illinois. Also covered were portions of Kentucky and Nebraska.” It was interesting to note that adult birds (at least four years old at the time) still outnumbered immatures. As in the past, this count will be compared to the one that the Fish and Wildlife Service makes on its Annual Wildlife Inventory. These two counts then give those in charge of the project an opportunity “to study the popula- tion shifts during the winter.” The Kentucky one-day counts during the past five years indicated 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 47 the presence of more wintering Bald Eagles than had been expected. Therefore, it would be well for observers to check their respective terri- tories periodically throughout the winter to determine variations of numbers, peaks of abundance, or possible evidence of migration. The editor wishes to thank all who participated in this worthwhile project. We not only assisted in the national survey, but at the same time gained a better understanding of the Bald Eagle population in Kentucky. FIELD NOTES BALD EAGLES IN THE LAND BETWEEN THE LAKES, 1964-65 For the fourth winter I made a number of trips to the Land Between the Lakes (formerly the Kentucky Woodlands National Wildlife Refuge) to census and observe the Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) that winter there. (Earlier observa- tions reported in Ky. Warbler, 38:43-44, 1962; 39:35-45, 1963; 40:59-63.) This short note summarizes my 14 trips in the winter of 1964-65 and brings the story up to date. Judging from my own experience. Golden Eagles were rare (I saw none) this past winter, but Paul Sturm, wildlife manager for TVA and formerly manager of the Kentucky Woodlands National Wildlife Refuge, reported several sightings. The general pattern of Bald Eagle behavior previously reported held true for this season. I saw my first Bald Eagle later than usual: two Bald Eagles (1 m, 1 im) at Hematite Lake, November 23. Without question, however, there were eagles in the area much earlier. A deer hunting season early in November may have made eagles, as it certainly did deer and turkeys, elusive for a considerable time. My final observation was of two immature Bald Eagles on March 27; but Don Burchfield, visiting the area with a party, reported an immature Bald Eagle on May 3. This is the latest date I have a record of. (Mr. Burchfield’s observation was accepted by Paul Sturm, who informed me of it.) The largest number of Bald Eagles observed was on February 13, the day of the Mississippi Valley Eagle Survey midwinter count. Seven observers reported a total of 21 Bald Eagles (5 m, 13 im, 3 ?). Although Hematite Lake seems to have declined in importance as a roost for winter- ing Bald Eagles, I several times found sizable concentrations there in late afternoons in February: February 14: 12 (4 m, 8 im); February 20: 11 (4 m, 7 im); February 28: 5 (4 m, 1 im). Generally it can be said that there was no significant change in total numbers of eagles observed from the previous year, although a slight shift in the ratio of mature birds to immature birds (from approximately l-to-4 to l-to-3) may have sinister implications for the future. Besides compiling these elementary statistics, I added to my general knowledge of eagle behavior, though in not very large or tangible ways. I observed, for example, both mature and immature Bald Eagles fishing in Kentucky Lake just outside the mouth of Duncan Bay and on one occasion saw a mature Bald Eagle carry a fish to a tree limb to eat it. On another occasion I discovered, rather amusingly, that a mature Bald Eagle uttering his (to my ear) oddly melodious scream, twitched his tail back and forth sideways, like a metronome, more or less in time with the notes of the call. — CLELL PETERSON, Murray. 48 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 NOTES ON THE INCUBATION AND NESTLING PERIOD OF THE MOCKINGBIRD The Mockingbird CHimus polyglottos) is a common breeding bird in the Louisville area, yet I can find little in the Kentucky ornithological literature concerning incubation or nestling periods; therefore, my ob- servations on a 1963 nest may be of interest. It was on June 22, about 5:30 in the afternoon, when I first noticed a pair of Mockingbirds carry- ing twigs to a small mock orange (Philadelphus sp.) bush in the yard. The nest apparently had just been started, for only a small number of sticks or twigs had been placed in the center of the bush, four feet above the ground. The following day, nest-building began in earnest, and the nest began taking shape. On the third day, the lining was being placed within the nest. On the fourth day, June 25, the nest appeared to be completed; however, it looked smaller than most I have observed. The first egg was laid sometime before 9:30 a.m. on June 26. Another egg was in the nest the following morning. The clutch was completed on June 28 with three eggs. Each egg had been marked the day it was laid. Incubation began in the late afternoon of the laying of the last egg. The female was so casual about her incubation and brooding duties, that it was a surprise to see her off the nest so frequently and for long periods of time; this casualness took place throughout the entire incubation period and was unlike most species observed. The nesting bird could be watched from our porch; so it was not because she w'as disturbed that she left the nest. The male spent most of the daylight hours in the immediate area and frequently perched on an ash tree 40 feet from the nest-bush. He did not defend the nest during incubation, but on occasion gave a sort of guttural call note. On July 9 the nest content was checked during the day and again at 7:00 p.m., and the eggs had not hatched. At 10:00 a.m. the next morning, two of the eggs had hatched; the third egg, marked #3, was still in the nest; later in the day at 3:30 p.m. it had hatched. Thus the incubation period was 12 days — the period from the laying of the last egg to the hatching of all eggs. The nestlings showed very little development in growth until the fourth day, and on that date their eyes w^ere not open. I checked the nest at 8:30 p.m. when the birds were five days old, and no parent bird was brooding. The same was true the following evening. On the seventh day the nestlings still showed no sense of fear; their eyes were now open, and pin feathers were showing; otherwise the birds were naked. The eighth day the feathers were perhaps one-fourth of an inch in length; the natal down was grayish-brown. By the ninth day all birds showed a sense of fear, and their greatest development (for a one-day period) was noted. The birds were banded when ten days old. The primary feathers were now anywhere from one-eighth to one-half an inch from the sheath; the breast now showed white feathers with tiny dark spots. The parent birds, as is typical with most species, seemed to show greater attention to the young as they grew older; an adult bird, presum- ably the male, gave an alarm note as I walked to the nest at 8:30 p.m. of July 20; both adult birds dive-bombed me when the nestlings were eleven days old. The young were fully feathered on the twelfth day (July 22), and left the nest sometime between 12:15 and 3:30 p.m. The nestling period was 12 days. — ANNE L. STAMM, Louisville. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 49 KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1965 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY * Contributing Member All others Regular Members *♦ Life Member § Student Member * ♦ * Honorary Members t Corresponding Member Abell, Mrs. Irvin, Mockingbird Valley, Louisville 40207 §Able, Kenneth, 4106 Winchester Road, Louisville 40207 Agnew, Miss Miriam, 900 South Main, Henderson 42420 Allen, Miss Mildred C., 1133 Chestnut Street, Bowling Green 42101 Allen, Mrs. W. R., 417 Clifton Avenue, Lexington 40508 Almstedt, Mrs. Arthur, 444 Lightfoot Road, Louisville 40207 Altsheler, Yancey, 2412 Dundee Road, Louisville 40205 Altsheler, Mrs. Yancey, 2412 Dundee Road, Louisville 40205 Andersen, Miss Gudrun, 2424 Glenmary Avenue, Louisville 40204 Bagian, Mrs. Edward B., 302 Santee Path, Louisville 40207 rBanghart, Miss Carolyn A., Apt. 3, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Barbour, Dr. Roger W., Department of Zoology, University of Ken- tucky, Lexington 40503 Barnhill, Mrs. Mary E., Rte. #1, Glasgow 42141 Barr, Robert M., Professional Arts Bldg., Bowling Green 42101 Benson, King C., Rte. #1, Henderson 42420 Bickel, Mrs. Edwin H., Stony Brook, Rte. #3, Jeffersontown 40029 Bloch, Dr. Austin, 2116 Douglass Blvd., Louisville 40205 §Bowman, Miss Gail, 623 Sherwood Drive, Bowling Green, 42101 Bowman, Mrs. Harry, 623 Sherwood Drive, Bowling Green 42101 Brecher, Mrs. Leonard C., 1900 Spring Drive, Louisville 40205 **Brecher, Leonard C., 1900 Spring Drive, Louisville 40205 Breitweiser, Mrs. Paul, 1002 Chestnut St., Anderson, Indiana Brizendine, Thos. S., 411 Oakview Drive, Greenville 42345 Brockman, Mrs. George F., 126 Maple Drive, Greenville 42345 Brown, Mrs. William David, 2315 Bonnycastle Ave., Louisville 40205 **Bryens, Oscar McKinley, Route #1, White Pigeon, Michigan Bufkin, Mrs. P. H., Jr., 3013 Aubert Ave., Louisville 40206 Bullock, Mrs. Waller O., 200 Market Street, Lexington Burns, Miss Barbara, University of Louisville, Louisville 40208 Burns, Mrs. G. L., Rte. #5, Lexington Butler, Miss Lorine L., 320 Vine Street, Paris Buzzard, Mickey D., 417 Wooldridge, Hopkinsville Carpenter, Floyd S., 2402 Longest Ave., Louisville 40204 Carpenter, Joe J., 3115 Bobolink Rd., Louisville 40213 Carroll, Miss Mary Helen, Rte. #1, Woods Point Drive, Henderson 42420 Chamberlain, Mrs. Alex, 18 River Hill Road, Louisville 40206 **Chamberlain, Carlyle D., 2112 Eastview Ave., Louisville 40205 **Cheek, John A. H, 180 Wisdom St., Jackson, Tennessee Clark, Miss Esther, Apt. #3, 1800 Gardiner Lane, Louisville 40205 Clark, Mrs. Lora C., Box 214, Rte. #4, Henderson 42420 Clay, Dr. William M., 4532 Southern Parkway, Louisville 40214 Cobb, Howard, 2536 Ransdell Ave., Louisville 40204 tCoffey, John Wallace, 508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37622 50 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Cole, Miss Evelyn, 1703 Ryan Avenue, Murray Cole, Mrs. W. R., Jr., 1746 Sulgrave Road, Louisville 40205 Coleman, Miss Helen L., 606 Woodrow, New Albany, Indiana Counce, Dr. Cynthia C., 305 E. Main, Princeton Covert, James L., 5216 Eastwind Road, Louisville 40207 Croft, Joseph, 2366 Gladstone Ave., Louisville 40205 Cypert, Eugene, 813 Foster Street, Tiptonville, Tennessee 38079 Cypert, Mrs. Eugene, 813 Foster Street, Tiptonville, Tennessee 38079 Dannheiser, George, Rte. #2, Corydon, Kentucky Dannheiser, Mrs. George, Rte. #2, Corydon, Kentucky §Dannheiser, Georgiana, Rte. #2, Corydon, Kentucky Daubard, Mrs. Mary Louise, 616 Rudy Lane, Louisville 40207 Dean, Dan F., 303 Sparks Avenue, Jeffersonville, Indiana 47130 Deane, Miss Amy, Holsclaw Hill Road, Brooks Dickinson, Dr. Lewis, West Washington Street, Glasgow 42141 Dickinson, Mrs. Lewis, West Washington Street, Glasgow, 42141 Duncan. W. G., 519 Ridgewood Road, Louisville 40207 Duncan, Mrs. W. G., 519 Ridgewood Road, Louisville 40207 Durning, Mrs. R. L., 306 Claremont Ave., Louisville 40206 Ellis, Mrs. George J., Jr., Douglas Drive, Glasgow 42141 Feck, Mrs. Woodrow, Box 80, Rte. #2, Nicholasville 40356 tFinucane, Thomas W., 1434 Watauga Street, Kingsport, Tennessee 37664 Fisher, Dr. Stanley E., 2525 Saratoga Drive, Louisville 40205 *Fitzhugh, Henry, Jr., 6401 Wolf Pen Branch Road, Harrods Creek Flanagan, Mrs. Joyce, Lake Cumberland State Park, Jamestown Fleischer, William F., 4500 Starlite Lane, Fern Creek 40021 Flint, Mrs. Maude, 2019 Grasmere Drive, Louisville 40205 Flynn, Michael B., 218 Shady Lane, Lexington 40503 Ford, Joseph, Rte. #5, Owensboro Forson, Walter W., 2506 Central Parkway, Ashland **Fowler, Miss Margaret R., 245 Newbury Street, Boston 16, Massa- chusetts **Frazier, Chastain L., Marion Freeh, William W., 651 Wakefield Ave., Bowling Green Furnish, Dr. William F., 2429 Longest Ave., Louisville 40204 ***Ganier, Albert F., 2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37212 **Gill, Miss Helen, 204 West Maple Ave., Lancaster *Gillenwater, Mrs. James E., P.O. Box 526, Glasgow 42141 Glore, W. S., Jr., Danville 40422 Graham, Mrs. O. P., 713 E. Maple St., Jeffersonville, Indiana Gray, Willard, c/o Sacramento High School, Sacramento, Kentucky **Gresham, Mrs. Austin, 300 Mockingbird Hill, Louisville 40207 Griffith, Col. F. D., Jr., 2544 Dell Road, Louisville 40205 Guthrie, Charles S., Burkesville Haldeman, Mrs. Walter N., Glenview §Hamilton, John, 4515 River Road, Louisville 40222 tHall, Mrs. W. E., 7897 S.W. 70 Street, Miami, Florida 33143 Hancock, Dr. Hunter M., 1107 Elm Extended, Murray 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 51 Hancock, Mrs. Hunter M., 1107 Elm Extended, Murray Hancock, James W, Rte. #1, Madisonville 42431 Hansberry, Dr. Howard L., Jr., 1615 Forest Hill Drive, Louisville 40205 Hansberry, Mrs. Howard L., Jr., 1615 Forest Hill Drive, Louisville 40205 §Hansberry, Howard L. Ill, 1615 Forest Hill Drive, Louisville 40205 Hardwick, Mrs. Chas. A., 317 South Hubbards Lane, Louisville 40207 tHarlin, Mrs. Joie R., P.O. Box 2, Tombstone, Arizona 85638 Harm, Ray, Rte. #2, Cox’s Creek Hartung, Miss Bertha A., 925 North Elm Street, Henderson Heaton, Mrs. J. A., 1874 Alexandria Drive, Lexington 40504 Heck, Mrs. Frank H., 614 E. Main Street, Danville 40422 Hickman, Mrs. Baylor O., Goshen Hill, Mrs. West T., 254 E. Lexington Ave., Danville Hilton, Dr. Frederick K., 2922 Rainbow Drive, Louisville 40206 Hogan, Cleo C., Box 916, Park City Holladay, Mrs. Henry T., 134 McDowell Road, Lexington Hopkins, Boyd R., 1343 Eastern Parkway, Louisville 40204 Hopkins, Mrs. Boyd R., 1343 Eastern Parkway, Louisville 40204 **Horner, Mrs. Charles, 411 Duff Lane, Louisville 40207 Hughes, Henry J., Jr., 2941 Carter Ave., Ashland Hummel, Mrs. Harry H., 1809 South Third Street, Louisville 40208 Humphrey, Clyde, 891 Taylorsport Drive, Hebron 41048 Ingram, Mrs. Warland W., ‘The Oaks,” Sparks Ave., Jeffersonville, Indiana Jackson, Wilbur, 1325 Clara Ave., Louisville 40215 Jackson, Mrs. Wilbur, 1325 Clara Ave., Louisville 40215 Johnson, F. H., Apt. #3, 1477 South Third Street, Louisville 40208 Jones, Howard P., Route #6, Box 119, Frankfort 40601 Kemper, J. W., 419 North Maple Ave., Danville 40422 Kerbel, Carl F., 621 Harrison Ave., Louisville 40217 King, Virgil D., 2024 LaGrange Road, Dayton, Ohio 45431 Konz, Mrs. Arthur, 929 Dove Lane, Louisville 40213 Kozee, Ercel, Willard **Krieger, Mrs. William, 130 Maple Ave., Harworth, New Jersey Lancaster, Dr. L. Y., 930 Nutwood, Bowling Green §Larson, Edwin, Jr., 105 South 14th St., Murray 42071 **Laskey, Mrs. F. C., 1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville 37212 **Lemons, John W., 125 Wooldridge Road, Hopkinsville **Lemons, Mrs. John W., 125 Wooldridge Road, Hopkinsville Loetscher, Dr. Frederick W., Jr., 507 West Main St., Danville **Logan, Dulaney, 9 River Hill Road, Louisville 40207 Long, Miss Bertha F., 2827 Slevin St., Louisville 40212 **Loveil, Dr. Harvey B., 2424 Dundee Road, Louisville 40205 Lucas, Dr. Marvin A., 1715 Dundee Way, Louisville 40205 f Luther, Mrs. Dorothy Hobson, Apt. 239, 4515 Marcy Lane, Indianap- olis, Indiana *McBrayer, H. D., 985 Stonewall Road, Lexington McChord, Mrs. John H., 433 Club Lane, Louisville 40207 52 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 McDevitt, Mrs. Coleman J., 915 Sycamore Street, Murray 42071 McKinley, Dr. George, P.O. Drawer B., Glasgow 42141 Mahaffey, Dr. J. Herman, 560 Sunnyside Drive, Louisville 40206 Martin, Mrs. Lyman C., 519 Club Lane, Louisville 40207 Martin, Mrs. Spencer S., 1709 Clayton Road, Louisville 40205 Mason, Miss Esther, 2523 Montgomery Street, Louisville 40212 Maxson, Dr. Wm. T., 1636 Ashwood Drive, Lexington Mayer, Mrs. John H., 244 Hillsboro Ave., Lexington Mayfield, A1 H., 321 Boone Ave., Winchester Mayfield, Mrs. A1 H., 321 Boone Ave., Winchester Meade, Charles M., 510 Third Street. Henderson **Mengel, Robert M., 1905 Countryside Lane, Lawrence, Kansas *Meyer, Mrs. Robert O., Military Pike, Lexington §Miller, William Frazier, 3129 Arrowhead Drive, Lexington Milliken, Roy P., Rte. #1, Rockfield Mitchell, Mrs. Howard C., 4435 S. Third St., Louisville 40214 Monroe, Burt L., Jr., Dept, of Biology, University of Louisville, Lou- isville 40208 Monroe, Burt L., Sr., Ridge Road, Anchorage Moss, Mrs. Ronald A., 3437 Belvoir Drive, Lexington 40502 Myers, Mrs. Bowman, 417 Maple Avenue, Danville 40422 Nelson, Lee K., Rte. #3, Owensboro 42301 Noland, Dr. H. V., 57 Indian Hills Trail, Louisville 40207 Noland, Mrs. H. V., 57 Indian Hills Trail, Louisville 40207 Nuckols, Mrs. Mary Clyde, 708 N. Race St., Glasgow 42141 Offutt, Mrs. Henry Y., Jr., 27 Southwind Road, Louisville 40207 Pace, Dr. Robert N., 1925 Nashville Road, Bowling Green Pace, Mrs. Robert N., 1925 Nashville Road, Bowling Green Parsons, Mrs. Ross E., Rte. #1, Henderson Peil, Miss Dorothy, 2064 Sherwood Ave., Louisville 40205 Peterson, Dr. Clell T., 901 North 18th, Murray 42071 Pettingill, Dr. Olin Sewall, Jr., Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850 §Phillips, John H., Ill Sunset Heights, Winchester §Phillips, Pryor, 111 Sunset Heights, Winchester **Pieper, Miss Marie, Rte. #1, Box 467, Louisville 40207 **Pieper, Louis H., Rte. #1, Box 467, Louisville 40207 vPierce, Robert A., Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Game and Fish Building, Little Rock, Arkansas Pike, Mrs. C. J., 103 Bellevue, Wilmore 40390 Pogue, Homer, 1311 Wells Blvd., Murray 42071 vPollock, Dr. Adrian Q., 2031 McGregor Blvd., Fort Myers, Florida Porter, Mrs. H. Boone, P.O. Box 7391, Louisville 40207 Powell, A. L., Jr., Rte. #1, Maceo 42355 Powell, Mrs. A. L., Jr., Rte. #1, Maceo 42355 Prentice, Mrs John M., 411 Fairlawn Road, Louisville 40207 Price, Charles B., Glenview vProctor, Joe D., 6226 Kingsley Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220 Ramsey, G. Baxter, Rte. #2, Dawson Springs Reece Alfred M., 580 Rosemill Drive, Lexington 40503 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 53 Rees, Mrs. J. W., Box 411, Majestic *Reuter, Miss Katherine, 23 N. Green St., Henderson 42420 *Reuter, Miss Louise, 23 N. Green St., Henderson 42420 Rhoads, W. P., 728 N. Main, Henderson Rhoads, Mrs. W. P., 728 N. Main, Henderson Riggs, Miss Jennie, 2005 Capers Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37212 Rickert, Jon E., Taylor Hotel Building, Elizabethtown 42701 **Ringo, Mrs. W. P., 101 Ringo Ave., Frankfort ***Rollin, Howard, Rte. #1, Weldona, Colorado 80653 §Rowe, William, 415 Lakeview Drive, Brandenburg Sanders, Miss Ellen A., 620 W. Main St., Campbellsville Satterly, Miss Elizabeth, 107 East Broadway, Lawrenceburg 40342 **Schneider, Miss Evelyn J., 2207 Alta Ave., Louisville 40205 Schneider, Mrs. Fred, 2207 Alta Ave., Louisville 40205 tScott, Frederic R., 115 Kennondale Lane, Richmond, Virginia 23226 Scott, Glenn, Sulphur Well Shackleton, Mrs. Walter H., 11700 Wetherby Ave., Middletown Shadowen, Dr. Herbert E., 627 Cedar Ridge Road, Bowling Green 42101 Shannon, Francis P., 3021 Eagle Pass, Louisville 40217 Shannon, Mrs. Francis P., 3021 Eagle Pass, Louisville 40217 §Sharp, Larry, Rte. #1, Sacramento Short, Mrs. Eugene, 1956 Eastview Ave., Louisville 40205 Simmons, Miss Lillian, 504 North Race Street, Glasgow 42141 Simpson, Eugene E., 203 East Fourth St., Lexington Slack, Miss Mabel, 1004 Everett Ave., Louisville 40204 Smith, Mrs. Hazel, 1709 South Campbell St., Hopkinsville Smith, Miss M. Katherine, 405 Clements Ave., Somerset Smith, Mrs. Melvin A., Jamestown Smith, Melvin A., Jamestown Smith, Mrs. Ruth, 2616 Fordyce Lane, Louisville 40205 tSmith, Thos. P., 4320 Lawn Street, Western Springs, Illinois 60558 **Smith, Miss Virginia, “Twelve Acres,” Rte. #4, Henderson Speed, Mrs. William S., 2828 Lexington Rd., Louisville 40206 Stamm, Dr. Frederick W., 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40207 **Stamm, Mrs. Frederick W., 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40207 Starr, Dr. Russell, Howard Clinic, Glasgow 42141 Starr, Mrs. Russell, Howard Clinic, Glasgow 42141 Stewart, Mrs. Elsie P., 2064 Sherwood Ave., Louisville 40205 Stites, Dr. John, 402 Pleasantview Ave., Louisville 40206 Stoll, Mrs. Charles, 527 Club Lane, Louisville 40207 Sturm, Paul W., 306 Woodlawn Ave., Murray Summerfield, Donald, 9910 Prairie Drive, Valley Station Sundquist, Chester, 5303 Lost Trail, Louisville 40214 Tabler, Mrs. William Biggs, 2304 Glenview Ave., Louisville 40207 Tafel, Miss Olga, 1283 Everett Ave., Louisville 40204 **Thacher, Mrs. S. Charles, 2918 Brownsboro Road, Louisville 40206 **Thomas, Mrs. Ben Allen, Shelbyville Thomas, James E., 1714 Model Road, Louisville 40216 §Thomas, Mark, 3224 Roxbury Drive, Lexington Thomas, Mrs. W. G., 1336 Edgewood Drive, Bowling Green 42101 Thompson, Edwin V., Jr., 15 Poplar Hill Road, Louisville 40207 54 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Thompson, Mrs. Edwin V., Jr., 15 Poplar Hill Road, Louisville 40207 Toy, James D., 4014 St. Germaine Court, Louisville 40207 Van Cleve, G. Bernard, 323 S. Fairmount St., Pittsburgh, Penn. 15232 §Van Slyke, Miss Laura, 3505 Gladden Drive, Louisville 40218 Webster, Dr. Harvey C., 950 South 47th St., Louisville 40211 Webster, Dr. J. Dan, Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana 47243 Weller, Cletis, Deatsville §Westerman, John, P.O. Box 265, Muldraugh 40155 Wetherell, Mrs. L. C., 3327 Hikes Lane, Louisville 40220 Whitt, A. L., Jr., Dept, of Biology, Eastern Kentucky State College, Richmond 40476 §Wiley, Haven, 2301 Woodford Place, Louisville 40205 Wilson, Mrs. F. Eugene, Parkview Drive, Bowling Green **Wilson. Dr. Gordon, 1434 Chestnut Street, Bowling Green Winstandley, Miss Virginia, 1250 Vance Ave., New Albany, Indiana Wood, Mrs. Charles F., 428 Club Lane, Louisville 40207 **Wright, Miss Audrey, 1312 Hepburn Ave., Louisville 40204 Young, James Boswell, 417 Club Lane, Louisville 40207 Zollner, Raymond J., 3126 Dogwood Drive, Louisville 40220 COLLEGES, CLUBS, ETC. tThe Library, American Museum of Natural History, 79th St. & Cen- tral Park West, New York, N.Y., 10024 Beechmont Garden Club, c/o Iroquois Library, 6th & Woodlawn, Louisville, Kentucky 40214 tThe Library, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Patuxent Wild- life Research Center, Laurel, Maryland 20810 tBiology Library, E-25-13 Young Hall, Centre College, Danville, Ken- tucky tMemorial Library of Ornithology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, Attn.: Dr. J. Harold Ennis, Curator tCrabb Library, Eastern Kentucky State College, Richmond, Kentucky tCooke Memorial Library, Georgetown College, Georgetown, Kentucky vLibrary Extension Division, Kentucky Department of Library and Archives, Berry Hill, Box 537, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 tLouisville Free Public Library, 301 Library Place, Louisville 40203 tThe Library, Michigan State University, Box 311, East Lansing, Michigan tJohnson Camden Library, Morehead State College, Morehead, Ken- tucky 40351 tThe Library, Murray State College, Murray, Kentucky tAccessions Department, National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston Spa, Yorkshire, England tOrder Section #3, New York State Library, Albany 1, New York tNorth American School of Conservation, 941 No. Highland Ave., Los Angeles, California tThe Library, Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Avenue, Columbus 10, Ohio 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 55 tSerials Unit, The Library, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana tCentral Library, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2258 Interior Bldg., 18th & C Sts., N.W., Washington 25, D.C. tSerials Division, The Library, University of British Columbia, Van- couver 8, British Columbia, Canada tSerials Department, The Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington 29, Kentucky tSerials Department, University of Illinois Library, Urbana, Illinois 61803 tThe Library, Western Kentucky State College, Bowling Green, Ken- tucky * * * 4: EXCHANGES Atlantic Naturalist (Pub. by Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States, Washington, D. C.) Audubon Magazine (Pub. by National Audubon Society, New York, New York) Auk (Pub. by American Ornithologists’ Union, Ithaca, New York) Call Notes (Pub. by Huntington Bird Club and Department of Zoology, Marshall College, Huntington, West Virginia) Cassinia (Pub. by Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, Newtown, Penn- sylvania) Chat (Pub. by Carolina Bird Club, Hillsboro, North Carolina) Condor (Pub. by Cooper Ornithological Club, Los Angeles, California) Florida Naturalist (Pub. by Florida Audubon Society, Maitland, Florida) Indiana Audubon Quarterly (Pub. by Indiana Audubon Society, Indianap- olis, Indiana) Iowa Bird Life (Pub. by Iowa Ornithologists’ Union, Davenport, Iowa) Jack Pine Warbler (Pub. by Michigan Audubon Society, Kalamazoo, Michigan) Kingbird (Pub. by Federation of New York State Bird Clubs, Inc., Albany, New York) Living Bird, The (Pub. by Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York) Loon, The (Pub. by Minnesota Ornithologists’ Union, Minneapolis, Min- nesota) Massachusetts Audubon (Pub. by Massachusetts Audubon Society, Boston, Mass.) Migrant (Pub. by Tennessee Ornithological Society, Elizabeth ton, Ten- nessee) Nebraska Bird Review (Pub. by Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union, Lincoln, Nebraska) New Hampshire Audubon Quarterly (Pub. by Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Walpole, New Hampshire) Oriole (Pub. by Georgia Ornithological Society, Decatur, Georgia) 56 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 Passenger Pigeon (Pub. by Wisconsin Society for Ornithology, Madison, Wisconsin) Raven (Pub. by Virginia Society of Ornithology, Lexington, Virginia) Redstart (Pub. by Brooks Bird Club, Inc., Wheeling, West Virginia) South Dakota Bird Notes (Pub. by South Dakota Ornithologists’ Union, Huron, S. D.) Wildlife Review (Pub. by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Mary- land) Wilson Bulletin (Pub. by Wilson Ornithological Society, Ann Arbor, Michigan) Zoological Society of London. Proceedings. Reprints (Pub. by Zoological Society of London) * * 4: * NEWS AND VIEWS (Continued from page 34) NEST CARD PROGRAM The Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell University has requested the early return of completed nest record cards in its current program. A large number of cards will be needed for the first run of processing the data on IBM cards. K.O.S. members can aid in this work by forward- ing their cards, as soon as completed, to the Kentucky regional chairmen. These are: James W. Hancock, Route 1, Madisonville (Western Kentucky); Dr. Gordon Wilson, 1434 Chestnut St., Bowling Green (Southwestern Kentucky); Mrs. F. W. Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville (Jefferson and surrounding counties); Howard P. Jones, Route 6, Box 119, Frank- fort (Eastern Kentucky). * * * * GORDON WILSON SPEAKS AT T.O.S. MEETING Dr. Gordon Wilson, Bowling Green, was the dinner speaker at the Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting of the Tennessee Ornithological Society, at Nashville, Tennessee, on May 2, 1965. Another K.O.S. member, Albert F. Ganier, Nashville, one of the two living founders of T.O.S., reviewed the history of ornithology in Tennessee at the afternoon program. Ap- proximately 200 members and guests attended the April 30 to May 2 meeting. K.O.S. extends congratulations to its neighboring ornithological organization on its fiftieth anniversary. * * * * BURT MONROE, JR., JOINS U. OF L. BIOLOGY STAFF Burt L. Monroe, Jr., who received his Ph.D. degree at Louisiana State University in June, gave a special informal seminar on April 27, 1965, in the Natural Science Building, University of Louisville. His subject was “The Birds of Honduras.” Dr. Monroe will join the biology staff at the University of Louisville in September. We welcome Burt back to Kentucky! The Kentucky Warbler (Published by the Kentucky Ornithological Society) VOL. XLI NOVEMBER, 1965 NO. 4 i LIBRARY I OF THK I AMERICAN MUSEOM I OF 1 NATURAL HIBTORY Ayncrican Avoccts at the Federal Fish Hatchery, Franklin County. IN THIS ISSUE NEWS AND VIEWS 58 A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE BREEDING BIRDS OF THE LOWER CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEY, Thane S. Robinson 59 MOURNING DOVE BANDING IN KENTUCKY, Dan M. Russell 62 AVOCETS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, Howard P. Jones 63 FIELD NOTES: Hawks and Common Loon Flight over Bernheim Forest, Kenneth P. Able 64 Knots at Louisville, 1962 and 1965, William Rowe 64 Cattle Egret in Perry County, Marie Marvel 65 FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL FALL MEETING, Evelyn Schneider 65 58 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 THE KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Founded in 1923 by B. C. Bacon, L. President Vice-President Corr. Sec.-Treasurer Recording Secretary Otley Pindar, and Gordon Wilson) Howard P. Jones, Frankfort Cletis Weller, Deatsville Mrs. James Gillenwater, Glasgow Evelyn J. Schneider, Louisville Councillors: A. H. Mayfield, Winchester 1963-1965 Virginia Smith, Henderson 1963-1965 Herbert E. Shadowen, Bowling Green 1964-1966 Charles S. Guthrie, Burkesville 1964-1966 Retiring President Clell T. Peterson, Murray Librarian Evelyn Schneider, Louisville Curator Burt L. Monroe, Sr., Ridge Road, Anchorage Staff Artist Ray Harm, Cox’s Creek THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Organ of the Kentucky Ornithological Society. Published quarterly in February, May, August, and November. The KENTUCKY WARBLER is sent to all members not in arrears for dues. Membership dues are: Active or Regular, $3.00; Contributing, $5.00; Student, $2.00; Correspond- ing, $2.50; Life, $50.00. All articles and communications should be address- ed to the editor. Subscriptions, memberships, and requests for back issues should be sent to the treasurer. Editor Anne L. (Mrs. F. W.) Stamm, 9101 Spokane Way, Louisville 40222 Editorial Advisory Board Roger W. Barbour Harvey B. Lovell Leonard C. Brecher Herbert E. Shadowen Joseph E. Croft Gordon Wilson NEWS AND VIEWS OUR COVER The cover photograph shows American Avocets that were observed at the Federal Fish Hatchery, near Frankfort, on August 10, 1965. See “Avocets in Franklin County,” by Howard P Jones, page 63. The black- and-white print was made by Dr. Roger W. Barbour from a color trans- parency taken by Frederick W. Stamm. (Continued on page 72) 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 59 A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE BREEDING BIRDS OF THE LOWER CUMBERLAND RIVER VALLEY^ Thane S. Robinson As part of a three-year study of the vertebrate fauna of Land Be- tween the Lakes, a national recreation area being developd by the United States Tennessee Valley Authority, a program of regular observa- tion of birds was carried out. A total of 80 species is reported on here. The period of the study was from June through August, 1965. The in- vestigation was supported, in part, by a research contract (TV-26285A) between the Tennessee Valley Authority and the University of Louisville. I am indebted to the following graduate students in zoology at the University of Louisville who participated in the study: Louis Bernstein, Maxine Bingham, Frank Quick, Walter Redmon, John Riley, Ralph Taylor, William Thomas, and Bonnie Wright. Special thanks go to Mr. Paul Sturm, Supervisor of Wildlife Management for Land Between the Lakes, for his aid in the field, and for reading the manuscript of this article. The Study Area The observations reported on here were made in portions of Lyon and Trigg Counties, Kentucky, and Stewart County, Tennessee. This area is approximately 40 miles long and 4 miles wide and is bounded on the north and east by the west bank of the Cumberland River, on the south by Ft. Donaldson, Tennessee, and on the west by Kentucky State Highway 453 and Tennessee State Highway 49. Three general types of habitat for birds exist in the study area: (1) floodplain, (2) meadows, and (3) woodlands. The floodplain, comprising approximately 15 percent of the area, was denuded of vegetation in preparation for the impoundment of the Lower Cumberland River to form Lake Barkely; one to three years have elapsed since removal of the vegetation, and the floodplain now supports a great variety of tall weeds, i sedges, grasses, and scattered low shrubs and saplings of pioneer species |. of trees. Characteristic wetland vegetation exists in and adjacent to num- I erous small bodies of water and a few shallow, man-made lakes in the I floodplain. Woodlands, comprising approximately 75 percent of the area, are j now limited to the uplands and the vegetation there is a characteristic f southern oak-hickory association. In most portions of the woodlands the canopy is well-developed, the midstory is dense, and the understory is ; sparse. Owing to the removal of all woody species below the future shoreline of Lake Barkley, the woodland edge is an abrupt transition from forest to grassland, or from forest to floodplain vegetation, and lacks the usual wedge-shaped profile of less disturbed stands. The meadows, comprising approximately 10 percent of the area, are mostly man made and maintained, with fescue being the most common ii grass. In a few isolated areas between floodplain and woodlands there are small stands of native grasses (mostly bluestems). Arrangement and Annotations The species included in the following list were ones seen nesting or i with young, or ones that were seen defending territories during the sum- 1. Contribution No. 86 from the Department of Biology, University of Louisville. 60 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 mer, or gave other indications of breeding. The list is arranged according to the 1957 edition of the A.O.U. Check-list. The habitat in which each species was most frequently encountered is indicated immediately fol- lowing the scientific name; for ubiquitous species the habitat listed first is the one used most often by the species. Following the indication of habitat is an assessment of the relative abundance of the species in the study area; the usual terminology is used; “A” for abundant, “C” for common, “O” for occasional, and “R” for rare. Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias — Floodplain; C. Green Heron. Butorides virescens — Floodplain; C. Common Egret, Casmerodius albus — Floodplain; O. Black-crowned Night Heron. Nycticorax nycticorax — Floodplain; O. American Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus — Floodplain; R. Canada Goose, Branta canadensis — Floodplain; R. Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos — Floodplain; R. Green-winged Teal, Anas carolinensis — Floodplain; O. Blue-winged Teal, Anas discors — Floodplain; O. Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura — Woodland; C. Black Vulture, Coragyps atratus — Woodlands; R. Sharp-shinned Hawk, Accipiter striatus — Woodlands; O. Cooper’s Hawk, Accipiter cooperii — Woodlands; R. Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis — Woodlands; C. Marsh Hawk, Circus cyaneus — Floodplain; R. Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus — Woodlands; R. Sparrow Hawk, Falco sparverius — Woodlands, meadows, floodplain; O. Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus — Floodplain; A. Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo — Woodlands, meadows; O. King Rail, Rallus elegans — Floodplain; R. Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola — Floodplain; R. Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus — Floodplain; C. Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura — Woodlands, floodplain; A. Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus — Woodlands; C. Screech Owl, Otus asio — Woodlands; O. Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus — Woodlands; C. Barred Owl, Strix varia — Woodlands; O. Chuck-will’s Widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis — Woodlands, meadows; O. Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus — W oodlands, meadows, flood- plain; C. Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica — Edificarian; C. Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris — Woodlands, flood- plain; O. Belted Kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon — Floodplain; O. Yellow-shafted Flicker, Colaptes auratus — Woodlands, meadows, flood- plain; C. Pileated Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus — Woodlands; O. Red-bellied Woodpecker, Centurus carolinus — Woodlands; C. Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus — Woodlands, mea- dows; O. Hairy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos villosus — Woodlands; C. Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus — Woodland, floodplain; C. Eastern Phoebe, Sayornis phoebe — Woodlands; C. Eastern Wood Pewee, Contopus virens — Woodlands; C. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 61 Tree Swallow, Iridoprocne bicolor — Floodplain; O. Bank Swallow, Riparia riparia — Floodplain; O. Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica — Edificarian; A. Cliff Swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota — Floodplain; C. Purple Martin, Progne subis — Edificarian; C. Bluejay, Cyanocitta cristata — Woodlands; C. Common Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos — Woodlands, floodplain; A. Carolina Chickadee, Parus carolinensis. Woodlands; C. Tufted Titmouse, Parus bicolor — Woodlands; C. House Wren, Troglodytes aedon — Woodlands; O. Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus — Woodlands; C. Short-billed Marsh Wren, Cistothorus platensis — Floodplain; O. Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos — Woodlands, floodplain, meadows; A. Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis — Woodlands; C. Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum — Woodlands; C. Robin, Turdus migratorius — Woodlands; O. Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina — Woodlands; O. Eastern Bluebird, Sialia sialis — Woodlands; C. Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus — Woodlands; O. Black-and-white Warbler, Mniotilta varia — Woodlands; O. Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus — Woodlands; R. Yellow-throated Warbler, Dendroica dominica — Floodplain; C. Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosus — Floodplain; C. Yellow-breasted Chat, Icteria virens — Floodplain; C. House Sparrow, Passer domesticus — Edificarian; C. Eastern Meadowlark, Sturnella magna — Meadows, floodplain; A. Redwinged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus — Floodplain; A. Orchard Oriole, Icterus spurius — Woodlands; A. Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula — Woodlands; R. Common Crackle, Quiscalus quiscula — Floodplain; A. Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater — Floodplain, meadows; A. Scarlet Tanager, Piranga olivacea — Woodlands; R. Summer Tanager, Piranga rubra — Woodlands; C. Cardinal, Richmondena cardinalis — Woodlands, floodplain; A. Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea — Floodplain, meadows; A. Dickcissel, Spiza americana — Floodplain, meadows; A. American Goldfinch, Spinus tristis — Meadows, floodplain; C. Rufous-sided Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus — Woodlands; C. Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerina — W oodlands, meadows, flood- plain; C. Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla — Meadows; C. For a few of the species listed there is little known regarding their summertime status in the study area, and information in addition to the terse annotations given above seem appropriate here. Two species of ducks, the Green-winged Teal and the Blue-winged Teal, breed in the area perhaps because of the long use of this area as a Federal refuge for waterfowl; the breeding birds seen by us may have overwintered in the area. In any event, downy young accompanied by adults were seen for both species in shallow water below the low dam of Empire Lake (7 mi. N, 1 mi. E of Golden Pond) in Trigg County, Kentucky during the month of July. Adult Tree Swallows were seen feeding young that were perched on 62 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 small, leafless branches overhanging Cravens Creek in Lyon County, Kentucky near the crossing of that creek by Kentucky Highway 289. The adults and young were seen several times during middle and late June. Of the three Peregrine Falcons seen during the period of observation, two were adults and one was in brown, immature plumage. No eyrie was found although seemingly suitable limestone cliffs occur along the east bank of the Cumberland River. Five of the species listed above are included as breeding birds on the presumptive evidence that adults of all five species were seen regu- larly throughout the summer although neither nests nor identifiable young were found; these are the American Bittern, Marsh Hawk, Vir- ginia Rail, Common Egret and Black-crowned Night Heron. It is likely that further investigations in the vicinity of Hematite Lake (7 mi. N of Golden Pond) in Trigg County, Kentucky may reveal the nesting sites of American Bitterns and Black-crowned Night Herons; both of these species were seen regularly along the edge of that lake. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE, LOUISVILLE. ♦ * * * MOURNING DOVE BANDING IN KENTUCKY Dan M. Russell Special banding studies on the Mourning Dove (Zenaidura macroura) have been conducted in Kentucky since 1950 by Fish and Wildlife biol- ogists and others. It had been generally thought that the dove population during the hunting season was composed largely of northern doves mov- ing through Kentucky on their southward migration. Therefore, this study was begun primarily to determine the movement of doves originating in the state. Nestling doves have been banded throughout Kentucky wherever located during the nesting season from April through Septem- ber. Nestling doves were selected because of the definite location of origin. Doves banded after they have attained flight would, of course, be of indefinite origin and possible misleading conclusions could be reached when analyzing band recovery data. By 1955 a total of 972 nestlings were banded and 59 (6.1%) were directly recovered — recovered before one migratory cycle could have been completed. Of the 59 direct recoveries, 47 (79.7%) were made with- in the state and these usually within the area where banded. Of further interest, only one of the 12 bands recovered out-of-state was reported as obtained prior to October 1, of the year banded. Since that time and up through 1963, the total nestlings banded have increased to 4,402. Of this total, 194 (4.4%) have now been directly re- covered. Remaining consistent with the earlier results of a smaller sample, 153 (78.9%) doves have been recovered within the state and 41 (21.1%) out-of-state. Eight of the 41 out-of-state recoveries were reported as obtained prior to October 1, of the year banded. Six of these were in Tennessee, and one each in Georgia and Mississippi. During this same period banding of adult and immature doves was also in progress. The direct recoveries of these birds are quite com- parable with those of the nestlings. A tabulation of direct band recoveries 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 63 by hunters of 677 doves, banded as adults, showed that 16 of 18 total re- coveries (88.8%) were made within the state. Of 502 immature doves banded in Kentucky, 14 of 17 (82.3%) were recovered within the state. This work is being continued. Further information is needed to iso- late specific production areas and relate them to specific hunting and wintering areas. The more nearly these related areas can be delineated, the more efficient management practices can be applied. KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE RE- SOURCES, FRANKFORT. * * id * AVOCETS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY Howard P. Jones On August 10, 1965, Roy Figuered, Delmar Gaines, and William Ashe, personnel at the Federal Fish Hatchery, near Frankfort, noted the arrival of four unusual birds at one of the pools at the hatchery. With the aid of Roger Tory Peterson’s Field Guide they identified the four birds as American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana). Recognizing the unex- pectedness of this occurrence, they notified Mrs. W. P. Ringo, who in turn called the author. Later that afternoon Anne L. Stamm and Fred- erick W. Stamm drove from Louisville and observed the four. The birds left shortly before dusk and did not return then or on succeeding days. The author observed the birds for about an hour in the mid-after- noon with 7X binoculars from distances as close as 50 feet. The birds used only one fish pool which had been drained to the point that a mud flat was exposed in one end with one to two feet of water standing in the lower section. In appearance the avocets were large long-necked wading birds with a conspicuous black and white pattern to the wings and back, tall thin light-blue legs, and a slender obviously decurved bill. Two of the birds were noticeably buffy on the neck and head, with a faint tan wash on the upper breast. The other two showed no tan, but rather a slight grayish cast on the head and back of the neck. It would appear that the former two were in breeding plumage, and the latter in fall plumage. The birds did not take flight unless closely approached. As they became disturbed they nodded slightly, took to the air, and circled over the area, always returning to the same spot. During my observation the birds fed briefly on one occasion when a light breeze struck up. They strode forward briskly, moving their bills from side to side and dipping their heads up past their eyes in the shadow water. I could not identify what they were feeding upon. They also picked at water plants, but these were dropped and they did not appear to be eating vegetable matter. Fish Hatchery personnel reported the birds, upon arrival, had fed actively, apparently on insect larvae. One bird picked up a tadpole but did not eat it. There have been only two previous Kentucky sight records of this western species. One was seen feeding September 25, 1946, in the embay- ment at the head of Jonathan Creek at Kentucky Lake where a mud flat was exposed by the fall drawdown (Morse, Ky. Warbler, 23:5, 1947). Mengel (Birds of Kentucky, P. 255) also reports as “probably accurate” a recollection by the late R. C. Soaper, of an avocet which as a boy he had killed on the banks of the Ohio, near Henderson, September, 1905. 64 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 However, there have been other recent records from neighboring states. One was seen at Mt. Gilead, Ohio, in late September and October 1961 (Aud. Field Notes, 16:37, 1962); avocets were also seen at Cleveland, Ohio, from August 23 to September 6, 1964 (Aud. Field Notes, 19:45, 1965); and six were seen near Chicago, Illinois, on August 3, 1963 (Aud. Field Notes. 17:464, 1963). For the record, the weather immediately preceding this rare appear- ance of the avocets in Kentucky appears to have been seasonable to the west and north of Kentucky, with showers and thundershowers from the Great Lakes to the Gulf coast; high temperatures were in the 80’s and 90’s, with no unusually severe weather noted, although a slight cold front from the west passed through the area. On August 10 at Frankfort, the day was sunny and calm with a high of 85°. ROUTE #6, BOX 119, FRANKFORT. 4: 4; FIELD NOTES HAWK AND COMMON LOON FLIGHT OVER BERNHEIM FOREST Due to the paucity of records of hawk migrations through the Lou- isville region in spring the following observations made on April 11, 1965 are of some note. The meteorological conditions on this date were typical of raptor flight days I have seen in other areas and appeared conducive to flight in every way. At 7:00 p.m. on the night of April 10, a warm front approached the area from the southwest under the influence of a low pressure center over North Dakota and a high off the North Carolina coast. This front passed through the region during the early morning hours of April 11 without precipitation. Skies were partly cloudy to clear after heavy cloud cover passed over by 7:00 a.m. The wind was WSW and fairly high and gusty throughout the night and day. It should be noted that on this date northern Indiana, Illinois and Ohio experienced severe tornado activity associated with occlusion in the northern part of the above-mentioned frontal complex. The effect of this on the flight over Bernheim cannot be assessed. All migrants were seen between 8:30 a.m and 1:00 p.m. over Bern- heim Forest, Bullitt County. The total flight consisted of: Common Loon (Gavia immer), 4; Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), 1; Red- shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus), 1; Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo pla- typterus), 12; and Marsh Hawk (Circus cyaneus), 1. The loons flew in an open group and moved from due south to due north at considerable altitude. All hawks were moving singly or in groups of two from south- west to north-northeast. Their altitude varied but most were moving in a direct line until out of sight and there was little soaring. — KENNETH P. ABLE, Louisville. « « * * KNOTS AT LOUISVILLE, 1962 AND 1965 Because the Knot (Calidris canutus) is a coastal migrant and is rare in the midwest including Kentucky, I report the following sight records from the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 65 On August 26, 1962, members of the Beckham Bird Club (including Joseph Croft, Anne L. Stamm, and Haven Wiley) and I found shorebirds abundant on the Falls. Among them three Knots were feeding, which we watched at close range. One still bore the reddish underparts of the breeding plumage. These Knots may account for sightings that year on September 2 (one bird, Stamm) and September 6 (two birds, Croft et al.). One Knot appeared on the Falls in September 1965. Anne Stamm and I saw it on September 6 and studied all field marks at very close range. Subsequently it was seen by Kenneth Able on September 9; by Shelley and Joan Miller of Cincinnati, Ohio on September 11; and by Stamm and a group of Cincinnati birders on September 12. On Septem- ber 13 the gates of the dam were open and high water prevented further observations. The bird was not seen thereafter. Three previous Louisville records, all from the Falls, are published in “Birds of the Louisville Region” (Monroe and Monroe, Ky. Warbler, 37:30, 1961). A fourth record, again from the Falls, is published in Audu- bon Field Notes (16:37, 1962). Robert M. Mengel (Birds of Kentucky, p. 247) gives only one other record for the state: two Knots on May 16, 1956, at Bowling Green (Wilson). — WILLIAM ROWE, Brandenburg. 4: * * CATTLE EGRET IN PERRY COUNTY On April 28, 1965, we noticed a strange, large, white bird walking among the sheep that were grazing in the pasture. At first we looked at it through field glasses, then found that we could go within twenty feet of it without the bird’s becoming alarmed. In the evening it perched on a nearby tree. One morning we found it by a small pond, but other- wise it stalked around the pasture with the sheep for three days, then left as mysteriously as it had come. Its markings did not tally with the Common (Casmerodius albus) or Snowy Egrets (Leucophoyx thula) which I had seen in Florida while visiting there. However, the mystery was solved when we looked up the article, “A New Bird Immigrant Arrives,” by Roger Tory Peterson, published in the National Geographic Magazine, August 1954. A Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) had paid us a visit at Ary, Perry County, in south- eastern Kentucky. — MARIE MARVEL, Ary. ♦ * * ♦ FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL FALL MEETING November 5-7, 1965 The Kentucky Ornithological Society held its Forty-second Annual Fall Meeting at Kentucky Dam Village State Park, November 5-7, 1965. The first session, on Friday evening in the Park Auditorium, was opened by Howard P. Jones, President. After welcoming members and guests he presented Mr. Paul Sturm, Wildlife Management Supervisor for T.V.A., who gave a brief history of the development of the “Land Between the Lakes,” formerly known as the “Land Between the Rivers,” and the plans of the T.V.A. to make this a huge recreational area with varied facilities to accommodate many people and yet retain the larger 66 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 portion as a wildlife refuge, much of it to be inaccessible to most visitors. Mr. Sturm then showed a color-sound motion picture of the area. After announcements by Dr. Clell Peterson regarding the field trips and meetings the following day, the meeting was adjourned. On Saturday morning four field groups, each under an appointed leader, left the Lodge at 7:30 to visit designated areas between the rivers. Since many types of habitat were covered, the combined number of species proved a rewarding one. The Business Session was called to order at 4:00 p.m. by the presi- dent. Mr. Jones asked for a motion to approve the minutes of the last meeting as printed in The Kentucky Warbler. The motion was made, seconded, and passed. The Treasurer, Mrs. Gillenwater, read her report. (Copy attached.) Her report was accepted as read. The president then called for reports from committee chairmen. In the absence of Miss Virginia Smith, Chairman of the Membership Com- mittee, Mr. Guthrie stated that the sheet of information regarding the K.O.S. which had been sent to a number of persons and also placed in the Audubon Museum at Henderson, had brought new members. Mrs. Stamm added that fourteen new members from Louisville had joined dur- ing the year. Mr. Brecher, Chairman of the Investments Committee, reported that consideration had been given to transferring funds from the present Building and Loan Association to another paying a higher rate of in- terest. Since the meeting of the Committee, however, good bonds paying better interest had become available. It was recommended that the Com- mittee confer with the new secretary-treasurer and take appropriate ac- tion. Mr. Jones stated that the report on Endowment Funds would be published in The Kentucky Warbler. Under other old business Mr. Jones reported the following: 1) K.O.S. members would be called on for assistance in working with Cletis Weller to compile bird lists for the state parks. The Society would be given recognition for participation in the project. 2) The drawing by Ray Harm of a Kentucky Warbler to be used on the new stationery had been completed, only the details of printing remaining to be done. Mr. Jones was to call Mr. Harm to make necessary arrangements. 3) In checking with Mr. Robert Bell, Commissioner of Parks, and Mr. Edward Fox, Deputy Commissioner, regarding the proposed dam above Cumberland Falls, Mr. Jones had learned that from all available opinion the issue was a closed one, at least for the present, and not likely to be re-opened in the near future. Because of the many expressions of opposition, including that of Governor Breathitt, and the fact that the state did not have the required funds for developing recreational areas, the Corps of Engineers had withdrawn its proposal. It was felt that letters from K.O.S. members had added weight to this decision. 4) The K.O.S. would continue its awards to Junior Academy of Sci- ence members for the best papers on original work in the field of orni- thology. 5) Mr. Jones and Mrs. Stamm were to evaluate the nesting study records made last spring and summer for possible publication in The Kentucky Warbler. 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 67 6) Mrs. Gillenwater had the new sleeve patches, considered more accurate than the earlier ones, for sale at $1.25, as well as a supply of K.O.S. checklist cards. Under new business Mr. Jones asked for the report of the Nominating Committee. The following was submitted by Mr. Stamm, Chairman; Slate of Officers for 1965-1966 President Howard P. Jones, Frankfort Vice-President Herbert E. Shadowen, Bowling Green Corr. Secretary-Treasurer Evelyn J. Schneider, Louisville Recording Secretary Mrs. James Gillenwater, Glasgow Councillors, Elected for 2 years Burt L. Monroe, Jr., Louisville Willard Gray, Sacramento Elected for 1 year, to fill the unexpired term of Herbert E. Shadowen: John A. Cheek, H, Richmond (Continuing in his second year; Charles S. Guthrie, Burkesville) Signed: Robert Pace Mrs. Hunter Hancock Mrs. Russell Starr F. W. Stamm, Chairman Mr. Powell moved that nominations cease and that the proposed slate be elected by acclamation. The motion, seconded by Dr. Wilson, was passed. The time for the spring meeting was discussed since the traditional K.E.A. week-end conflicted with other scientific m.eetings and interfered with attendance at the K.O.S. by several members. Dr. Wilson stated that the best time for birds on the Bowling Green lakes was from the first to the middle of March. Mr. Brecher moved that the spring meeting be held at Bowling Green, March 18-20. The motion was passed. Mr. Jones announced that the Board of Directors had chosen Cum- berland Falls as the meeting place for the 1966 fall meeting, the date set for the first or second week-end in October, depending upon availability of accommodations at DuPont Lodge. Dr. Clell Peterson stated that on October 23, 1965, Mr. Homer C. Pogue, a member, had died at Murray, and moved that the Society extend its deep regret and sympathy to Mrs. Pogue. The motion was passed and the secretary instructed to write to Mrs. Pogue. Mr. Powell spoke of his work with Boy Scouts, their interest in the Bird Study Merit Badge, and the need to recognize good work in the field of ornithology done by young people. He suggested that the K.O.S. might further encourage them by honoring the winners of the badge, possibly by awarding a certificate or shoulder patch through the Scout Council. The K.O.S. might also provide some form of visual education such as slides or film strips on any or all phases of nature for scout lead- ers to borrow, accompanied in each case by a slide or film with the infor- mation, “Brought to you under the auspices of the Kentucky Ornitholog- ical Society.” Members’ slides might be duplicated or copied onto film strips. Mrs. Daubard mentioned the availability of materials from the Society of Visual Education. Dr. Barbour suggested that a junior mem- 68 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 bership in the K.O.S. might be awarded for a specified proficiency in ornithology. Mr. Powell moved that a committee be appointed to discuss and formulate plans to recognize boys and girls in any youth organization for special work in ornithology and to include the possibility of providing suitable materials as visual aids to stimulate interest among young peo- ple. The motion was passed. Mr. Jones appointed A. L. Powell, Chairman, Roger Barbour, and Willard Gray to the committee. Miss Slack suggested that in addition to papers on ornithology for which the K.O.S. gives an award, original projects might also be included. A discussion of how to evaluate such projects, which are exhibited at the regional Science Fairs throughout the state, in connection with papers submitted to the Junior Academy of Science followed. Miss Slack moved that the committee include a study of the Science Fairs. The motion was tabled. Mr. Brecher mentioned that the suggestion had been made at the Board of Directors meeting that K.O.S. members assemble at the “Land Between the Lakes” in the spring for a study of breeding birds in the area. It was agreed that Mrs. Stamm, in charge of state breeding records in conjunction with the Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology, take the initiative in planning such a study if feasible and include an announcement in The Kentucky Warbler. Mr. Stamm moved an expression of appreciation to the officers and committees of the past year, but especially to Mrs. Gillenwater, who had served for four years with noteworthy efficiency, promptness, and zeal in her demanding office. A rising vote of thanks followed. The meeting was then adjourned. The dinner meeting was held at 6;30 p.m. on Saturday in the Village Inn dining room annex. On exhibit were all the bird paintings, framed, which had been presented to the Society by the artist, Howard Rollin, of Weldona, Colorado. Also exhibited were paintings and drawings of birds and other outdoor subjects by Newton Belt, a new member long interested in natural history. Mr. Jones, President, welcomed the group and thanked those who had contributed to the success of the meeting, in particular Mrs. James Gillenwater. He then recognized the new officers, guests, and among the earliest members, Oscar McKinley Bryens, who for the past ten years had attended fall meetings regularly, coming from his home in White Pigeon, Michigan. The compilation of the bird list for the day was made by Dr. Wilson. The president then introduced Leonard C. Brecher as the speaker of the evening on the subject of the Ohio River Falls. Using colored slides showing maps and many views of the area, including the old and the new dams, scenes before and after the erection of the Mc- Alpine Dam, and of birds found there over the years, Mr. Brecher traced the history of the formation of the Ohio River, the geological develop- ment of the Falls area, the import of the earlier and the later locks and dams, and the present-day effect of these changes. On Sunday morning groups again visited various areas between the rivers. The final bird count included 85 species during the three-day period. Members and guests attending numbered 100. Respectfully submitted, Evelyn J. Schneider Recording Secretarj'^ 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 69 Report of Treasurer November 4, 1965 GENERAL FUND Bank balance as shown by last report, dated October 8, 1964 $ 490.08 Receipts Membership dues 723.50 Regular Members $585.00 Contributing Members 30.00 Student Members 26.00 Corresponding Members 82.50 Life Membership payments 27.50 Interest income — Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan Association — Endowment Fund 29.76 Contributions to Gordon Wilson Fund for Ornithology 35.00 Sale of publications 11.54 Sale of sleeve patches 13.75 Sale of check lists 10.02 Receipts — 1964 Fall Meeting, Lake Cumberland 271.40 Receipts — 1965 Spring Meeting, Bowling Green 168.50 Check returned by bank, made good 3.00 TOTAL RECEIPTS 1,293.97 TOTAL $1,784.05 Disbursements Printing costs — The Kentucky Warbler (including mailing costs from printer to treasurer) 663.64 Treasurer’s expenses: Postage — $81.00 Stationery, mimeographing — $38.10 119.10 State of Kentucky, annual corporation filing fee and statement of change of process agent 7.00 Refund of payment by Howard Rollin for extra copies of Warbler 6.84 Check returned by bank, account closed 3.00 Transfer to Gordon Wilson Fund for Ornithology 35.00 Transfer to Endowment Fund 52.50 Dues, Nature Conservancy 5.00 Expenses — 1964 Fall Meeting, Lake Cumberland 242.13 Expenses — 1965 Spring Meeting, Bowling Green 145.99 Prizes, Kentucky Junior Academy of Science 15.20 Cost of new sleeve patches 108.77 TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS 1,404.17 Balance on hand in New Farmers’ National Bank, Glasgow, Kentucky, November 4, 1965 $ 379.88 70 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 ENDOWMENT FUND Balance in Savings Account, as shown by last report, dated October 8, 1964 — Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan Association Seven (7) full paid shares — Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan Association TOTAL — Balance in Fund October 8, 1964 Receipts Interest on full paid shares $ Interest on Savings Account Life Membership paid in: James W. Hancock $40.00 Charles S. Guthrie 12.50 29.76 38.35 52.50 TOTAL RECEIPTS Disbursements Transfer of interest on full paid shares to General Fund 29.76 TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS Balance in Endowment Fund, November 4, 1965 Jefferson Federal Savings and Loan Association, Louisville, * 4c 4: GORDON WILSON FUND FOR ORNITHOLOGY Balance in Savings Account as shown by last report, dated October 8, 1964 Receipts Contributions to Fund, 1965 $35.00 Interest on Savings Account 31.47 TOTAL RECEIPTS No Disbursements Balance in Savings Account, November 4, 1965, in Greater Louisville First Federal Savings and Loan Association, Louisville, Kentucky Principal of Fund $658.00 Accumulated Interest 159.88 $ 877.35 700.00 $1,577.35 120.61 $1,697.96 29.76 $1,668.20 Kentucky $ 751.41 66.47 $ 817.88 $ 817.88 $817.88 1965 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER 71 BALANCE SHEET AS OF NOVEMBER 4, 1965 ASSETS: Cash in New Farmers’ National Bank, Glasgow, Ky. $ 379.88 Endowment Fund 1,668.20 Gordon Wilson Fund for Ornithology 817.88 $2,865.96 NET WORTH OF SOCIETY $2,865.96 Respectfully submitted, (Mrs. James Gillenwater) Treasurer MEMBERS AND GUESTS ATTENDING THE MEETINGS BLANDVILLE: Newton Belt. BOWLING GREEN: Gail Bowman, Mrs. Harry Bowman and guests. Dr. Herbert E. Shadowen, Dr. and Mrs. Gordon Wilson. BURKESVILLE: Charles S. Guthrie, David Wells. EDMONTON: Glenn Scott. FRANKFORT: Howard P. Jones. GLASGOW: Mrs. George J. Ellis, Jr., Mrs. James Gillenwater, Tim Gil- lenwater, Mary Clyde Nuckols, Dr. and Mrs. Russell Starr. GOLDEN POND: Donald F. Burchfield, Dr. Raymond N. Nall. LA CENTER: Willard N. Gray. LEXINGTON: Dr. and Mrs. Roger W. Barbour, Mrs. G. L. Burns, Mrs. Woodrow Feck, Tommy Feck, Mrs. J. A Heaton, Margaret Heaton, Mrs Robert Meyer, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred M. Reece, Conley Webster. LOUISVILLE: Mr. and Mrs. Leonard C. Brecher, Esther Clark, Mary Catherine Coll, Joseph Croft, Mary Louise Daubard, Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Duncan, Mrs. Harry H. Hummel, Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Jack- son, Andy Lewis, Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. McConnell, Isabel Olson, Dorothy Peil, Evelyn J Schneider, Mabel Slack, Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Stamm, Elsie P. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Wetherell. MACEO: Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Powell, Wilton Powell, George Ray, Lewis Ray. MURRAY: Evelyn Cole, Dr. and Mrs. Hunter Hancock and students, Ed- win Larson, Dr. and Mrs. Clell T. Peterson, Paul W. Sturm, Murray Troop 45, Boy Scouts — Robert Lowe, Randy Lowe, Rodney Lowe and Tommy Irvan. RICHMOND: Mr. and Mrs. John A. Cheek 11. 72 THE KENTUCKY WARBLER Vol. 41 VALLEY STATION: Mr. and Mrs. Donald Summerfield, Donald Sum- merfield II. WHITE PIGEON, MICHIGAN: Oscar M. Bryens. NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE: Albert F. Ganier. Approximate attendance — 100 * * * * NEWS AND VIEWS (Continued from page 58) LETTER TO THE EDITOR The two notes appearing in the May, 1965, issue of The Kentucky Warbler concerning albino Red-tailed Hawks recalled a visit I made in 1941 to Dr. J. Van Tyne at the University of Michigan. I took with me some skins which Burt L. Monroe, Sr. wanted checked as to identifica- tion. Among them was a white buteo which had been collected near Brandenburg, Meade County, Kentucky, on October 16, 1940 and which Van Tyne identified as a Krider’s Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis krideri). This skin is now #236 in the Monroe collection at the University of Louisville. In Appendix II of his Field Guide to the Birds of Eastern North America, Peterson described the Krider’s Hawk as follows: “In appear- ance a partially albinistic Red-tail; birds vary from almost normal to al- most white, but pale white or ‘pinkish’ tail is the best mark.” The A.O.U. Check-list, 1957, recognizes Krider’s Hawk as a subspecies of the Red- tail and gives Kentucky, Illinois, South Carolina and Georgia as part of its winter range. I have seen several white hawks near Louisville which I thought to be Krider’s Hawks. One, I remember in particular, was in Bullitt County, Kentucky. A quarter of a mile across a cultivated field was a low bluff of trees and I first thought a newspaper had blown into one of them. I stopped the car and my binoculars disclosed a buteo in repose, its white breast shining in the low autumn sun. The other hawk I recall was seen in the fall on the road which skirts the lake at the State Reformatory and which runs between U.S. 42 and the LaGrange Road. Both Carpenter and Gray in their notes in The Kentucky Warbler call attention to the coloration of the tails of the birds they saw and I venture to suggest that these birds were Krideri and not albinos. — JAMES B. YOUNG, Louisville. Editor’s note: The possibility of a Krider’s Hawk was discussed with Mr. Carpenter at the time he submitted his field note. However, since this race (B. j. kriderii) is usually found on the Great Plains and is listed in the 1957 A.O.U. Check-list as “casual” in Wisconsin, Illinois, Ken- tucky, South Carolina, and Georgia, Mr. Carpenter preferred to list the hawks as Red-tails with presumptive albinistic characteristics. / / 1