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Vou VE FEBRUARY, 1896. No. 2

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THE KING OF, MUSEUM-BUILDERS. (°)>, Go%

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f of -museum-builders is an party of the second part isa fool; but, at all

the greatest scientific events, after seven years of service with him,. vm in the world is at beautiful . fairly in the shadow of her

As patriotic Americans we have ~

to be wroud of Professor Ward

there are some. millions of

a

alone,and socompletely clothed in his own orig- — age

inality that I consider it worth while to tell

this story of him, and tell it now. Wer s In this country, in England, Germany an ;

aye France there are other men who make a busi- —

ollars and cents. ness of gathering and distributing scientific”

aim well; and having quarreled with specimens for museums ; but this man towers — ly in the ardent and aggressive above them all like a colossus standing on a

ith, I feel that can now judge plain. Where other men are able to supply both his character and his thespétimens for one small department of a

e his story exactly asitis. me cientific museum, his vast establishment

ome that familiarity breeds con- 7 the éntire museum, from the lowest

rs that no man isa hero to depths of geology up to man himself, with

be so, especially when the every department reasonably complete, The

Pe ee

148

WHE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS.

ry A] ~~ > ; (ee Ae me Peers ag ebe s oe

ay

a

A TYPICAL CoLcLEcTION,

whole of the Lewis Brooks Museum, of the University of Virginia, except the building, was taken bodily and at once out of the Roch- ester establishment, and scarcely made a hole in it !

When Marshall Field, of Chicago, gave his check for $100,000 in exchange for the entire Ward collection at the World's Fair, a whole tuuseum was bought and ‘ located” in one day,

Instead of being brought forth, as is cus- tomary, with great labor and travail, and working up in slow misery from nothing to something, as do most new public museums, the grand new Field Columbian Museum, like the Lewis Brooks Museum, was born of full stature, lusty and proud, christened and con- firmed, allin one day. All this was made pos- sible by one man—and I wonder how many Chicagoans there are who know all the facts, or remember his name.

In these days, the times require that every man shall haye his special work, bounded, limited and confined. In science, n0 man now dares to attempt to know it all. He must spe- cialize within the fence that bounds his par- ticular bailiwick—the ethnologist on man, the mammalogist on mammals, the ornithologist on birds, the herpetologist on reptiles, and so forth and so on, ad infinitum, each after hisown kind. Every professional naturalist is supposed to be either a teacher or an investigator, and to

know literally all there is to be known 2%; his one poor little specialty,

Know that Professor Ward belongs to neithe. of those classes of naturalists, With a fins scientific education, the inborn habit of inves- tigation, and a command of language—or I had better say languages—-of which any teacher might well be proud, he elected to carve out for himself a special niche i the world and §l <+ all alone.

He deliberately chose as his aphere, of use fulness the gathering and distributing of anon cimens and collections for the promotion of scientific study. The work of his life kas been to place in the hands of ey, entific sti dent and investigator the cts that he can not obtain for himself; and which dull men canuot obtain for him. His life work begagy in carrying an old trunk filled with fossils frong the Paris Basin, across the English Channel, an selling its contents to the London museums for a good round sum. Now, however, it requires twenty-one freight cars, jammed to the roof, to transport such a collection as that which constituted the ‘‘ Ward Exhibit” at the World’s Fair of glorious memory.

In this hurrying, hustling age, nothing ap- peals to the mind of the busy reader more sharply than figures. We haya almost reached the point when no description #5 quite con: plete, and no object is considered fully *‘*sizer up” without them. Adjectives are compar;

THE KING OF MUSEUM-RBU/LD

tive, figures are absolute, From the cradle to the graye. the true American will have his nine digits, and at this point nothing else can ‘ garye my purpose quite so well.

Ihave before me a list, closely printed, ex- _acily the Jength of my arm, of one hundred American museums, to each of which Profes: gor Ward has supplied collections. It isa roll _ of honor well worthy of being carved, figures and all, on hismonument, In reality, it is a complete list of all the scientific museums in the United States worthy of being mentioned anywhere. The cost of the natural history eoliections purchased of Ward's Natural Scieuvee Establishment by this group of mu- seutas alone foots up a grand total of $730,223,

an average of $7,302 for each collection.

Here are a few of the entries nearest the head of the list: Field Columbian Museum, $100,900; Agassiz'’s Museum, at Harvard, $70,560; <Giversity of Virginia, $51,000; Princeton College, $33.272; Coronado Beach

OS Prov, Henry A. Warp.

149

Museum, Califo 1,989; Central Park Museum, ‘New Yi City, $28,048; United States National Museum, Washington, $20,837.

In the entire list only three museums have spent as little as $1,000 each in Professor Ward's great emporium of science. Twenty- nine states and territories came in for a share, and it is therefore easier to name those not rep- resented than those that are. Though far dis- tant, even Texas, Utah and California, have called for their share of collections.

But all this represents what has been done for one country alone, ours, the greatest of them all. Itis only a modest fact, devoid of all boastfulness, when I state that there are only a few civilized, educated countries on the globe to which the Ward establishment has not sent natural history collections. To several of the countries of Europe they have been large and important, and every one of the ‘‘effete monarchies” have received something. In

1879, when wandering through Tokio, Japan,

an utter stranger in a strange land, I visited the Educational Museum ; and there, in a large collection ‘from Ward,” I beheld with the joy of old acquaintance the ‘‘ stuffed and mounted” - figure of the very puma that T shot on the Essequibo River, South America, in 1876. Weshook hands most joyously. It is hard to say which was most glad to

told the puma is smiling ' yet. But, I hear the tray- elers ask, from whence do all these mighty collections come, and how are they ob- tained? I wish it were

really in my power to tell -

you; for behind many a

stuffed animal there larks a_

thrilling story of travel adventure. But, for the sake of illustration, let us take the year 1877.

In February, Professor Ward shipped home from Egypt a large collection of assorted mummies and other i antiquities (“quality guar-

anteed, prices f. 0. b.”). There were also several

j see the other, but I am |

150

boxes of petrified wood (Which mark a glorious picnic on camel back to the Libyan desert near Cairo), stuffed lizards with spines all over their tails, fossils from the Pyramids, and ibex heads bought of mild-mannered Bedouin cut-throats from Sinai. A little later he sent home more boxes full of queer marine things from Jedda, and Massowah, on the Red Sea; and three months later was with his gon, Henry L. Ward, in South America, despoiling monkeys of their skins and working up man- atees into “specimens.” At that same time I was ravaging India in his interest, harvesting long-snouted crocodiles in Northern India, Indian bison, bear, tiger and monkeys galore in Southern India (twenty-six big cases all told), and fishes, corals, crocodiles and more monkeys in Ceylon.

A Dundee whaling captain who returned that year kindly collected, ‘‘for Ward,” three narwhals and a magnificent polar bear. He had previously collected two or three whale skeletons, the longest measuring seventy-two feet, and also the skeleton of a grampus—the “bull dog of the seas,” who, whenever he feels

THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS.

hungry, takes a bite out of the side of a whale.

At the same time a German baron, who killed a valuable man in a duel, and was sud- denly seized with an intense desire to travel, was collecting gorillas in West Africa, all of which subsequently found their way to Roch- ester. In New Zealand, in Australia, in Mon- tana, in British Columbia, in Alaska, and scores of other places there were resident col- lectors and hunters who were in lively cor- respondence with Professor Ward, and colléct- ing for him whatever their respective localities yielded which it was worth while for a first- class scientific museum to have.

A moose hunter in Maine, who shot far bet- ter than he spelled, killed certain yery homely big animals contrary to law, got arrested, and afterward reported the whole matter thus :

‘friend Ward. i got you too moose, one Bull and ful growne Cow. Tha had me up tywict fur moose, but i noct them hier than a kyte boath times, Wil send hides soone.”

At the establishment on College avenue thera is a constant inpouring of boxes, barrely aud

bE

ote

THE First BUILDINGS OF THE WARD ESTABLISHMENT.

i

crates from all parts of the world, usually filled

with raw material—sometimes very raw, and

smelling most abominably! To offset this,

there is a constant outgoing of specimens of all 6 sorts, all beautifully prepared and ship-shape,

mounted on polished pedestals for display,

fully and correctly labeled, each one fitted to . | perform its part in lessening the total sum of % human ignorance.

In all this there is nothing that even suggests the curiosity shop or the dime museum. On . double headed calves, monstrosities in general,

and relics of all sorts, the law of the establish-

¢ ment has laid the grand taboo. There is enough to handle that is purely scientific and educational. The establishment consists of twelve separate and distinct scientific depart- mients, housed in sixteen buildings, several of which are quite large. The working force usually consists of about twenty-five persons, the great aoe of whom are trained ex-

eS e§ nineteen printed catalogues, some of them half as large as this magazine, to ” a dequnblay 2 th to scientific shudents, edu-

tors and ins the magnificent array objects that are offered them toe sale. What arethe departments? Wecannot stop to name all, but the mostimportant must be _ noticed. In the department of zoology there eral buildings full to overflowing with s and birds, and creeping and gs from every clime and coun- he. No living creature is too

THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILD

_ Specimens, and is worth $10,000. There is no jh the meshes of the cat tne

RS. 15

. GRouUP OF BUFFALOES From THE WARD ESTABLISHMENT.

Establishment, and neither the elephant nor the whale is strong enough to break through. “Tf you cannot kill elephants with any of the ordnance you have with you,” wrote Professor Ward to me when I was hunting elephants fo1 him in Southern India, ‘‘then get a howitzer. Anything to bring them down!”

One building you will find devoted to skele- tons, and the osteologists who clean and mount them so beautifully. Another building is filled with the skins of animals, carefully arranged, and well poisoned against the festive moth and bacon beetle. The ground floor of the “large museum,” where Jumbo was mounted, is oc- cupied by a corps of taxidermists, toiling and moiling to make hard and shapeless skins take on once more the form, the pose, and the ex- pression of life. They are mostly patient men, but when some fool collector has served one of them a particularly ill turn, take heed what ye hear, and tell it notin Gath. In the mu- seum, which is merely a store-house for choice finished specimens, there is one great room filled with skeletons of a thousand kinds, and another devoted to stuffed animals. In two other large buildings is a superb collection of wonders from the sea—beautiful shells, cor: star-lishes and the like, while still another large hall is entirely filled with Professor Ward's wonderful collection of sponges. The latter is one of his pet collections, and is undoubtedly the finest in the world. Itcontainsabout 2,000

to mention the “ shell house,” crammed of shells, and also containing the collec-

152

tions of birds’ eggs—be shells, I suppose. The department of human igs has lately

se they, too, are

risen to high rank in this ue institution, and now occupies an entire building. The de- partment of mineralogy is the oldest of all, and occupies a separate group of buildings as a tenant-in-common with the departments of geology (rocks and meteorites) and paleontology (fossils and restorations). Under the latter belong the wonderful series of casts of cele- brated fossils, without which no scientific museum can be complete. A museum can exist without money; it can survive withouta

THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS.

man with a closely trimmed grey beard, rather scanty gray hair, keen, piercing gray eyes, old- ° fashioned gold spectacles, a big leathei satchel, and a seat fullof letters, pamphlets and books, it will surely be Henry A. Ward, A. M., F. G.S., ete. oe ;

His height is five feet eight, and at present

his weight is 172 pounds. If one could examine him, analytically, it would be found that inter- nally he is composed of raw-hide, whale-bone and asbestos; for surely no ordinary human materials could for forty-five years so success- fully withstand the bad cooks, bad food and bad drinks that have necessarily been encoun-

7 Group oF ORANG-UTANs, FROM THE WARD ESTABLISHMENT,

good curator, and in spite of a bad one; but

_ Ward’s casts of fossils it musthave. Shallthe museums of Europe boast sole possession of the megatherium, the glyptodon, the dino- erium, or the Plesiosaurus Cramptoni? ks to the Rochester man-who makes mu-

these in his own study if he chooses to do so, and his floor is strong enough. Professor Ward’s history and personality is as strange as his profession. oh The next time you are traveling by rail— not in the smoking-car, however, for he never uses tobacco—and see a studious, preoccupied,

.

mums, every American student may have all.

_ xiding, he actually reached his goal. it

3 ¢ * | e \ - r i e e 1 tered by any one who has, so recklessly of self, [ traveled all over creation. On March 9, 1834, Professor Ward .was-borm.. on Bay street, in Rochester. His mother iy \

a most exemplary woman,’ but vinings Hy, puritanical regarding religious observances, especially the observance of the Sabbath. At ten years of age, master Her v failed harmonize with his parental ‘en'vironm

Chicago, and after long weeks of alking

his plan'to build for himself a wickiup on the edge of the prairie near the city, shoot prairie chickens, and sell them in the open market, for cash,

During his first day’s experience on the Chi- cago prairie, he encountered a good Samaritan, who chanced to be the gentleman after whom Clark street was subsequently named. Mr. Clark kindly extracted the lad’s story, took the embryo market hunter to his own home, ‘‘and grossly betrayed my confidence,” said Profes- sor Ward, ‘‘ by writing to my Uncle Moses,

‘who sent one of his clerks after me, who igno-

miniously took me back to Rochester. But at the Rochester depot I gave him the slip, went home without him, and he went back to Buf- falo, where he spent two days watching forme to get on a boat bound for Chicago.”

I doubt if any boy ever wrestled harder with circumstances to win an education than did young Ward during the two and a half years he spent at the Middlebury Academy at Wyom- ing, N. Y. By virtue of his official position (as janitor), he livedin the top of the academy building, and supported himself by doing more kinds of work than many a boy of to-day has everseendone. As opportunity offered, he did car- pentry, shoemaking, gardening, painting, and livery stable work. One of his specialties was cleaning out wells. In September, 1848, while the late well-known agri cultural publisher, Orange Judd, tramped the road between Warsaw and LeRoy repairing clocks, Ward and his partner went over the same route, cleaning out wellson a very profitable basis.

After Warsaw Academy, he went to Williams College, at Will- iamstown, Mass., where he was a fellow student of Senator Ingalls, and Honorable Charles E. Fitch. There, also, he supported himself by hard work in hours filched from periods that should have been devoted to study and recrea- tion, His best friend was Pro- fessor Emons, the geologist, who showed him the path that after- wards led to geology and minera- logy, and started him therein.

Tn speaking of that period of his life, Professor Ward admits that he was a bad student in all his

THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS. 153

y, mineralogy and the he always stood high.

u in mathematics?” I in-

studies except gi

I couldn't do a thing, and cut the examinations entirely.”

In 1853 Professor Louis Agassiz came to Pittsfield, Mass., twenty-eight miles from Williamstown, to deliver a lecture. The col- lege boys hired a band wagon and drove over. The fare was seventy-five cents, and being with- out money, young Ward walked the twenty- eight miles to the lecture. Arriving late and weary, he watched his opportunity when the great naturalist paused to draw a figure, and asked an old gentleman who sat beside him for pointers as to what had gone before.

‘Did you not hear what the Professor said?”

‘«No, I had to walk from Williamstown, and it made me a little late.”

“What? you walked from Williamstown to this lecture ?”

“*-Yes.”

‘Well, well, well! The Professor must

BROOKS HAnL op Screnon, UNiyeRsrry oF VrRarnia.

pty

154

know it; and you must meet him when the lec- ture is over.”

After the lecture Ward was introduced to Professor Agassiz, and invited to visit him at his hotel. The direct result of the fifty-six mile walk to hear one lecture was that the walker went at once to Cambridge, and became a pupil of the great Swiss naturalist —the teacher who would not allow his pupils to use books, com- pelled them to learn by observation, and taught them to use the simplest words in their scientific work, instead of polysyllables.

At Cambridge young Ward and ‘Charlie Wadsworth” became such fast friends that ultimately General Wadsworth took the two boys to Paris with him, gave Ward a year’s course of special instruction in the School of Mines, and to crown all, afterward gave the lacky boysa glorious tiip to Egypt, up the Nile 0 the third cataract, “a ined up with Suez, Thus began

A, Ward, from which he will never rest pe manently so long as he can climb the steps ofa car, or cross a gang plank without falling

After the close of the great Egyptian picnic, young Ward resumed his studiesin Paris. The only regular feature about his course was ning out of money. He would study in the

THE KING OF MUSEUM-B UILDERS.

Pace of the earth so dear to the heart of Henry

JUMBO, MOUNTED AT WARD'S.

School of Mines and the museums until almost penniless, when he would drop his books, and hasten to the gypsum and chalk quarries of Montmartre and Meudon. There he would gather a load of good minerals and fossils, pack them in his trunk, cross the channel to Lon- don, and sell them to the British Museum, the School of Mines, or wherever else a buyer could be found.

He was not long finding out that British fos- sils and minerals were also salable in Paris, and forthwith he tapped the mining regionsof Corn- wall and Cumberland. Often he returned to ~ Paris with quite a large sum of money in his pocket, sometimes amounting, he slyly says, to as much as $40! ‘Having completed a second series of sales, the scientific commercial trav- eler would again settle down to his eclectic course of study in the School of Mines, Garden of Plants, College de France and Sorbonne, and study until his depleted treasury obliged him to start out, collect more specimens, and again take the road.

At Epernay, sixty miles Sons, good oe Cliquot had a large vineyard which ced the very fine bra‘”of champagne, ng her name. Certili i’ § strata of the Paris

Basin, of the olde. -tocené age, cropped out

with vew¥ fine sections on the estate of Madame

Cliquot, and brought to light certain fossils

,

THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS. 155

that were then little known, and valuable. If Professor Ward ever sets up a new coat of arms for his posterity, surely it should contain some- where the figure of a long, trumpet-shaped shell of the genus Cerithium (C. giganteum), on a carpet-bag, couchant.

Thanks to the conciliating diplomacy that every collector must possess to be successful, and to the generous good nature of Madame and her manager, the young American who spoke such excellent French was given acinch on the fossils underlying a portion of that

Ward had wa field of commercial activity over the whole of it. ‘I never tray- eled third class when I could go fourth,” said the man of many trips, ‘‘ but I went all over Europe, selling specimens to museums, and collecting to sell elsewhere. I went to Brus- sels, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Berlin and Vienna repeatedly, and finally covered Sweden, Russia and Spain. To me the stupidity of those European museum men about gathering speci- mens from other countries than their own, seemed really curious, and I soon found not

Pror. WARD’s HoME on COLLEGE AVENUE.

estate, and told to work his will. He hired workmen at forty cents per day, and for sev- eral summers he mined and counter-mined his concession so successfully that many score of those curious fossils (the Cerithium) now re- pose in British and continental museums, each having yiel: a benefit to the purveyor of from $5 to $19. Nature kindly made them just small enc» =h to pack successfully in a trunk, and also u,.." enough to carry “4 @

_ satchel when necessary, Notwithstanding the noise it makes, Europe \ isa small country; and ina very short time

only pleasure but profit in supplying their wants. There is a certain spice of excitement and exhilaration in finding a specimen that a certain man desires very much, and in taking it to him.”

Thus was developed the germ of Ward's natural science establishment. The history of that strange and unique institution really dates back to the Paris basin, and the Cerithium quarry in the vineyard of Madame Cliquot. The making of the great Ward cabinet of min- erals, and its purchase for $20,000 by means of a popular subscription for the University of

156 THE KING OF MUSEUM-BUILDERS.

Rochester, is merely an ingfortant incident in the development of the ié A still more moving cause was the appointment of young Mr. Ward, after five years’@tudy and work abroad, to the profes sorship of mineralogy, geology and zoology in the University of Rochester, It was during his work there as a teacher that he found how seriously every Ameri- can teacher of science was ham- * pered and handicapped by the lack of tangible representatives of the beasts, birds and reptiles that abounded in geologic times,and are now extinct. Therefore, for sev- eral years in succession, he spent his vacations in the royal museums \ of Europe, making plaster-of-paris moulds of their rarer and more striking fossils, from which he was afterward enabled to make perfect plaster copies of the originals for his beloved cabinet in the University of Rochester. \ The outcome might easily have been fore- seen by a blind man, No sooner were those wonderful casts brought forward than other institutions of learning sought copies from the same moulds, and ‘‘ Ward’s Casts of Cele- brated Fossils” was the final result. Ameri- can teachers and students, to whom the originals were inaccessible, were delighted with them.

Illustrated descriptive catalogues were is- sued, the largest of which we used in my alma mater as a text book! The casts became exceedingly popular, and were an important factor in the final upbuilding of what is now the Ward establishment. In arranging to furnish educators generally with duplicate series of his casts of fossils, Professor Ward became deeply impressed by the needs of American teachers and museums of science for more illustrative material of all kinds for object teaching He also became acquainted with so great a number of scientific men, and his interest in supplying their wants finally became so keen that in 1869 he gave up his professorship in the University of Rochester,

Embowered in the stately elms and spread ing maples that overarch College aven almost in the shadow of the main buildin the University, there now stands a gro sixteen buildings of about twelve differen

= —

sizes, each with a gilded totem at its peak to

show the place in nature of its contents. Over

AN ORANG-UTAN.

the wide gateway to the court yard where

boxes are delivered and shipped, the lower

jaws of an immense right whale form a gothic arch, As you enter, a conspicu- ous placard informs. you, in the most business-like way in, the world—

THIS IS NOT A MUSEUM, ; Bur A WorkKING ESTABLISHMENT, !

Where all Are Very Busy.

If you doubt it, glance in at the open doors as you pass along, and note how busily the different ) groups of workers are wrestling

with halfstuffed orang-utans,

half-mounted buffalo skeletons,

with shells and corals, minerals, rocks and fossils.

Adjoining all these buildings on the north 's a spacious and well-lighted square house, in the upper right hand corner of which is ‘‘the study,”—dear to the memory of I cannot tell you how many naturalists, both young and old. In the front right-hand corner of the big study, which is walled with books, barricaded with maps and eternally littered with scien- tific papers and pamphlets and photographs and drawings and small specimens, there sits the presiding genius of this unique world. No man is more busy than he, yet Abraham Lin- coln himself was not more approachable, nor more kind toward everyone desiring to see him,

Twenty-one years ago, when I was an ignor- ant, unattractive and bumptious college stu- dent, no sooner did I hear of this strange man than I fired a letter at him, modestly stating that I would like to have him teach me every- thing I most desired to know. When Profes- sor Bessey read his kind, and even fatherly reply, he remarked with vigor, '‘ Well, that man is no churl, that’s plain.” And truly he was not, as many an American naturalist can testify. It was here that G. K. Gilbert, now chief geologist of the United States geological survey, made his start in the field in which he is now distinguished : and so did the late Prof. James Orton, of Vassar college; and Prederic A, Lucas, curator of comparative anatomy ‘at the National museum; and Prof. Walter B, ‘Barrows, now“ot. the ‘Michigan Agricultural

college ; Prof. F. We Stisbner, of the Massa-

chusetts State Normal school: Mr, Edwin E.

| o |

THEAKING OF MUSE UM:BUILDERS.

Howell, now in Washington with an estab- lishment of his own; Mr, Arthur B, Baker, of the National Zoological park; Mr. Charles H. Townsend, naturalist of the United States Fish Oomunission steamer Albatross, and Mr, J. W. Schollick, osteologist at the National museum. Professor Ward’s two grown sons, Charles H. and Henry L. Ward, are still like a part of himself, but each fills a responsible position in the establishment as an expert, the former

157

as the head of whe now the department of human anatomy, of which the establishment is justly proud, the latter as paleontologist. Scores of other then have been trained here in various branches of scientific work, and have gone forth to fill positions of responsibil- ity. The Society of American Taxidermists, which in five years’ time wrought a complete revolution in taxidermic workin America, was founded*here in 1880 by Professor Ward’s tax-

=

A GROUP OF PRoF. WARD'S WORKMEN.

158

k always received well as active my firm con- 3 done as much

idertaists, and in all it: : from him hearty sympa’ an support and codperation. , viction that no man li

, toward the promotion of the ar taxidermy >. as has been done by Henry A. and the ‘ influences created by him. Heis no taxider- mist himself, and never was; but he knew

oe how to promote the production of fine work, : and he believed in quality rather sian quan- \« tity.

Of all the travelers I have ever known, aye, or ever heard of, Professor Ward is the most persistent, and I may still say, unsatisfied. It

* is true, the needs of the establishment require that some one should be very much ‘‘on the road,” not only in keeping up the supply of good, salable collections, but also in keep- ing in touch with the museum men of the world, and selling them collections. I, too, love to travel; but it makes me feel both tired and homesick to think of all the trips abroad he has taken. There is hardly

_ a nook or corner in the United States that he

* has not been to or through, and the same is

true of Europe. Egypt, Nubia, Arabia and

Somaliland are merely nice winter play-

grounds for him, and Zanzibar, Abyssinia, Mo- ws gzambique, Zululand, Natal, Cape Colony and = Griqualand, 800 miles in the interior of South

We , Africa, have all been ransacked by him for . ae Specimens, So also with Japan, Australia, ~ Patagonia and Brazil.

When still a beardless young man he went up the river Niger in time to tell David Liy- ingstone all about that country in Sir Roderick

: tehison's London drawing room. On the ican island of Fernando Po he was put on the sand to die comfortably of Afri- feyer, but was rescued and nursed back to fe by anegro woman. But for Mrs. Showers, 5 Sabin for ships, and a missionary “heathen, there would have been no ie A. Ward these last forty years, and no natural science establishment in Rochester.

- But why do I try to enumerate the ; ntries and places that have been visited this traveler, when I can more easily name those he has not visited? There are * certain portions of the interior of South DS es irics and of China, Japan, Siberia and —'Thibet that he knows not by sight. FE has r been to the Arctic regions, for h

old weather very disagreeable, nor to Kergue- len Island. Excepting the above localities, the world_is_his, _ ‘One of the greatest

I find in looking back over. the growth of the establishment,” said he in a recent conversa- uy tion, “is in thinking of the acquaintances I have made in so many parts of the world, the linking of so many kinds of men to myself, as it were. It seems asif I had actual lines out to all those countries ; and in the humanitarian spirit which recognizes all mankind as one wl blood, it is delightful to me to recognize ‘my brothers’ in the people I have met all over the world, savages and all. At Berberah last win- ter I felt like saying to those Somali Arabs, ‘How do you do? I have felt for years asif I knew you, and now I have come to see you.’ One result of my roaming is that it has given nie a feeling of kinship for all mankind; and to me it illuminates the world!” Thousands of people there are, also, who know Professor Ward only by correspondence, all written by his own hand, and the cords of letters he has written since I first knew him . remind me of his handwriting. It is pecu- liar, and once seen is never forgotten. Itisso — heavy, so run together, and so peculiar that 7 thes Oe it caused one of his western correspondents to. : - protest as follows: ‘‘If you should ever try toy neyeas get up a writing school in this vicinity, I will ye . do alll can against yon Why will you per) sist in writing with a sharp stick, when pens a are so cheap?’ But there is balm in Gilead, = and now that Professor Ward's charming ~~ gl daughter Alice has attained to womanhood, ~ she is not only the head of his small house hold, but still further lightens the cares of her father by acting as his secretary, and writing” many of his letters on a machine. : E5 Naturally one is curious to know rel- igious belief of this strange cosmopoli Who has hobnobbed with American puritans Freash, ; infidels, Mohammedan Arabs, Chinese, Bu hists, and goodies only knows what else While going down the Red Sea with hin bound for the great hot-bed of Mohamme fanaticism, Jedda, I put the question. : ‘“‘T am an agnostic,” yas the answer I would like to be called a Christian I would like to be spoken of-as, one the high hopes and ideals of ‘Christia nity, € cept that mine are based on data entirely dis: tinct from those on which Christians bas theirs. In short. I say of many of highes' claims and promises of the Christi that I accept them as possibilitie difference being ipa" while a Chri:

ae |

Th KING OF MUSEUM-B UILBERS.

: well characterized in the Stoteh verdicl, ‘Not proven, “and on thataccount the word agnos- He expresses. my exact | tanding in religions _tmatert. J “J have often wondersd how Profes- . sor Ward will start on his last jour- ea ney jwhother it will be by accidert, or Sudden and violent iinessin some foreign hotel or steamer; or will the point be reached when the insatiable traveler is physically unable to travel abroad, and old age compels him to end his days peacefnily at home. One thing only about this causes him great concern. He is really haunted by a fear that he may chanee te dis

ac fa? from Buffalo #at he caniul bie peice et ey add gesthetically cre-

mated, and will be compelled ta naderyo the ignominy of interment and slow decomposition in mother earth!

At present his Idoking forward to ending hivyears inqnietstudy. The estaulishmupthas recently been trans- formed into a stoek company, with a capital of $125,000), fully paid up. Of the ten stockholdéra he of course is one, tnd also is president.

All of th “ders live in Rochester, and the gost of thei put cach oapitel into the establishment because they held that ita existence there was an honor and a benefit to fhe Flower City. Th would he base

ingratitnde to tail % speak gratefully of the

_ Bene and enthisiastic financial support “ orded Professor Ward's unique enterprise

>.

sec Sby-hieuncle. Levt A. Ward, during his life-time. In &pite of the enormous sales that Professor avd Hae mole, anil coutiggges to make, there cotmparatively little clear profit in the busi-

“ness The abgolutel necessary to its existence af ae. very heavy, and someh Oo absorb what should

| ee eee secret of may Perhaps one

by

reports of the National

| Moseam at yeakioetal “Tn speaking of the @fiyence made by American institutions in

159

“Jy this conneetion should be mentioned the very important influence of Professor Henry A. Ward, who fa the conduct of his Natural

History Estable

iment at Rochester, was al-

Bervaio SxHov By Grand DUKE ALEXIS.

ways evidently actuated quite as much by al love for natural history and the ambition to — supply good material to museums, as by the hope of profit, which was always by him sub- ordinated to higher ideals ina manner not very usual in commercial establishments.” Personally, Professor Ward is by no means a Tich man, save in education, observation and acquaintance with man and nature all over the habitable globe. Of riches which cannot be stolen or lost, he is indeed ‘‘ well seized; and are they not full compensation for the lack of millions of unresponsive dollars that some mil- lionaires possess without the intelligence or the heart to make them yield the highest joy? I

atural scienee equipments, Dr, Goode SAy Be shiek 80.

=. j ia Wini1am T. Hornapay. he Original contrition

te “ aa -

EGARDING ribbons, Charles Dickens sagely remarks in the Christmas Carol

that they are so cheap you can make a

a brave show with them for Sixpence.

The same- thing may be said nowadays of tulips.

So easily: may they be procured, and withsuch

little difficulty.eultivated in our gardens that

one can hardly understand how the bulbs from which these gorgeous flowers spring could ever

- have commanded the price of precious stones.

---—-——s Wet such was the case in the land of thematch

ay in the first third of the seventeenth century.

1 Could Conrad Gesner have been able to fore cast the future and get a prophetic glimpse of the syils his praises of the flower he saw for the first time in the garden of Counsellor Her- wart were fated to bring upon his countrymen, he would no doubt have kept his discovery to himself.

- Counsellor Herwart lived in Augsburg, and

‘was famons for his collection of ‘rare exotics.

- Among ‘them were some brilliant flowers

grown from bulbs sent him by a friendin Con-

_ Stantinople, where their beauties had long been appreciated.

(Gesner on his return home spread abroad the

__ praises of this plant so effectually that in the

cy cgarss: of the next few years tulips were much

sought after by the wealthy, especially in Ger- many and Holland, Rich folk at Amsterdam a3 did not begrudge sending direct to Constanti-

- ‘nople for bulbs, and were quite willing to pay

big prices for them.

As years went by the tulip continued to in-

t ¢rease in reputation until it was as incumbent

~ upon persons of fortune to have a collection of them as to keep a carriage.

= Nor was the interest in them confined to the

wealthy. The rage for their possession soon

spread to the middle classes of society, and merchants and shop-keepers, even of moderate means, began to vie with each other in the size or strangeness of their collections, and in

the preposterous prices paid for bulbs. A

trader at Harlaem was known to pay one-half

of his fortune for a single root, not with the design of selling it again at a profit, but sim-

a MANIA IN HOLLAND.* ees

*This essay will forma chapter of ‘‘ The Romance of Commerce,” a charming book by Mr. Oxley, to be" lished soon by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York.—The Baitor.

ply to cultivate it in his own conservatory for the admiration of his friends.

In explanation of this extraordinary interest f in a single variety of plant, the following lines |

of Cowley may be quoted: ptt 185. ; "=e

“The Tulip next appeared, all over gay, But wanton, full of pride, and full of play; The world can't show a dye but here has place, Nay, by newmixtures, she can change her face; - Purple andseldiare both beneath her care, Py The richest needlewurx she loves to wear: “e Her only study is to pleas... ave And to outshine the resti in finery.

But, poetic as this portraitis, SaanT Beck» mann probably gets nearer the mark. “There ne are few plants,” he says, “which acquire through accident, weakness or disease, so many variegations as the tulip. When uncultivated. = and in its natural state, it is almost of one » color, has large leaves, and an extraordinarily

long stem. When it has been weakened by 4- cultivation it becomes more agreeable to tie ht eyes of the florist. The petals are then paler, smaller, and more diversified i in hue; 3 ete | 7 puis, eats leaves acquire a softer green ‘ed: Thus . |

= masterpiece of culture, the more beautiful iy ter. | turns, grows so much the weaker, so that with ant the greatest skill and most careful attention it can gaeeely be transplanted, or even kept alive.” : au one familiar withthe sno der mal

although it is ne ~~ Sy to unt ind people being infected with it at once,

Yet, ‘true it ig0a 2 amon the Dutch for the Secasession of rare vari ones 4. Was 80 great that the ordinary industries af tt country fell into neglect, and the populati down to the lowest ranks, embarked in the tulip trade.

Charles Mackay, to whom I am indebted for | much of my information, states that pric rose rapidly untilin thé year 1635 persons Ws known to invest a fortune of 100,000 florins” the purchase of forty roots! It became neces-" sary to appraise the bulbs by their weight in| | per its, a perit being less than a grain, just a ¥