71"/ ilgARSWELLCo.,! ! ** Bookbludon SIMPLY WORDED-EXACTLY DESCRIBED. Founded by RICHARD A. PROCTOR. "^b 'Let Knowledge grow from more to more. " — TENNVSON. VOLUME XXII. JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1899. 1lon^on : KNOWLEDGE OFFICE, 326, HIGH HOLBORN, AV.C. [AH Rights Resen'ed.\ LONDON : PRINTED AT KNOWLEPGK OFFICE, 320, HUiH HOI.RORN, W.C. I KNOWLEDGE. 111. INDEX ) *♦» < Acetylene Industry, The — By Gkobcje T. HoLLowAY 77,102 Allen, Grant- Obituary Notice of 277 Anderson, Sir William — Obituary Notice of ... 37 Aneroid, Watkin Mountain — Note on 64 Antarctic Expedition, The National — Note on 83 Anthropological Data, On the Treatment and Utilization of — By Arthur Thomson. I. Colour II. The Hair III. Eacial Proportions IV. Height V. Cranial Form VI. Facial Form Antoniadi, E. M. — Considerations on the Planet Saturn Clouds ... Apples, The Discoloration of Cut— By G. Claeke Ndttall Atmospheric Corona, Triple — By Rev. Samuel Baeber Backhouse, T. W.~ Letter on Some Suspected Variable Stars . Bacon, Rev. John M., P.R.A.S.— Sound Eeflexion and Refraction Barber, Rev. Samuel- Triple Atmospheric Corona ... Battersby, Frances I. — Letter on The Legend of Lough Derevaragh. Beetle, The Ovipositor of a— By Walter Wesche ... 25 73 125 169 217 266 9 202 124 67 227 193 67 132 18 Ben NeYis, and its Observatory- By William S. Bruce 198, 231 Besley, Walter E.— Letter on Mira Ceti 38 Biological Survey, Recent Work of the United States — By W. Mark Webb 254 Birds, The Bad Language of Wild — By Charles A. Witchell ... ... ... 28 Birds, The Love-Gifts of— By Charles A. Witchell ... ... ... 76 Letter on ; by Charles A. Witchell ... 109 Birds, The Shooting of Rare- Letter on; by C. E. Martin 38 Books, Reviews of— Al!;ebra, Introduction to. By G. Chrystal 15 Analysis, Qualitative, Introduction to the Science and Practice of. — -Inorganic. By Chapman Jones 15 Animals, The Play of ; a Study of Animal Life and Instinct. By Prof. Karl Grroos ... ... 34 Astronomy, A History of. By Arthur Berry ... Ill Astronomy, A New. By David P. Todd ... ... 181 Astronomy, An Introduction to Stellar. By W. H. S. Monck ... ... ... ... 181 Astronomy, Laboratory Manual on. By Mary E. Byrd ... ... ... ... ... 135 Astronomy, Recent Advances in. By A. H. Fison 110 Australia, The Native Tribes of Central. By Baldwin Spencer and F. I. Gillen ... ... 81 Australian Bush, In the, and on the Coast of the Coral Sea. By Richard Semou... ... ... 207 Australian Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of ... ... ... ... 281 Bacon or Shakespeare ? An Historical Enquiry. By E. Marriott ... ... ... ... 257 Bird Life in an Arctic Spring. The Diaries of Dan Meinertzhagen and R. P. Hornby ... ... 281 Birds (Cambridge Natural History). By A. H. Evans ... ... ... ... ... 281 Birds, A List of British, belonging to the Humber District. By John Cordeaux ... ... 255 Birds, A List of European. By Heatley Noble ... 35 Birds, British and Edible, Charts of ... ... 35 Birds, Cries and CaU Notes of Wild. By C. A. WitcheU ... ... ... ... ... 282 Birds, Illustrated Manual of British. By Howard Saunders ... ... ... ... ... 279 Birds of Breconshire. By E. Cambridge Phillips... 280 Birds of the British Empire. By Dr. W. T. Greene 14 Birds of the British Islands. Drawn and described by John Duncan ... ... ... ... Ill Birds, The Farmer and the. By Edith Carrington 82 Birds, the Structure and Classification of. By Frank E. Beddard ... ... ... ... 60 IV. KNOWLEDGE Books, Reviews of — Bird WorUl, Wonders ol' Sharpe the. Bt E. Bowdler Booksellers and Bibliophiles, Manual and Directorv for 1899 ... Botany, An Elementary Text Book of. H. Tines ... By Sidney Botany, A Text Book of. By J. M. Lowson Bright, Sir Charles Tilston, Lite Story of. By Edward and Charles Bright ... Buds and Stipules, On. By Sir John Lubbock Buildings, The Internal Wiring of. By H. M. Leaf Chemical Analysis, Qualitative and Quantitative. By William Briggs and E. W. Stewart Chemistry, A Select Bibliography of, 1492-1897. By Henry Carington Bolton ... Chemistry, First Stage Inorganic (Practical). By F. Beddow Chemistry for Photographers. By C. P. Townsend Chemistry for Schools. By C. Haughtou Gill Chemistry, Outlines of Industrial. By Dr. Frank Hall Thorp Chemistry, Practical Inorganic, for Advanced Students. By Chapman Jones Chemistry, Scientific, A Short History of the Pro- gress of, in our own Times. By Professor W. A. Tilden ... Clocks and Watches, Old, and their Makers. By F. J. Britten Coleridge's Table Talk... Constellations, Primitive, of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. By Eobert Brown ... Corona and Coronet. By Mabel Loomis Todd Creation Records. By George St. Clair ... Cressy and Poictiers, or the Story of the Black Prince's Page. By J. G. Edgar Cygni, The Parallaxes of 61 ^ and 61'. By Dr. Herman Davis Diary and Naval Handbook for 1900 ... ... Diet and Food. By Alex. Haig Earth Sculpture, or the Origin of Land Forms. By Prof. James Geikie ... Eclipse of the 22nd January, 1898, Observations during the, taken at Dumraon, Behar ... Eclipse, the Indian, 1898. Edited by E. W. Maunder ... Eclipses, Eemarkable. By W. T. Lynn ... Economy, Social and Political. By Thos. Judge ... Electricians' Pocket Book and Diary. Edited br H. T.Crewe ... ... ... ... ' ... Electricity, the Discharge of, through Gases. By J. J. Thomson Energy and Heat. By John Eoger English Industrial History, Landmarks in. By George Townsend Warner English, The Art of Writing. By J. M. D. Meikle- john Epitaphs, Curious. Compiled by William Andrews Essex Naturalist. Edited by Wm. Cole... Faraday, Michael, hi^ Life and Work. By Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson Fauna, History of European. By E. F. ScharfE ... Ferments, the Soluble, and Fermentation. By J. Eeynolds Green ... ... Funafuti : or Three Months on a Bemote Coral Island. By Mrs. Edgeworth David Geography, International. By Seventy Authors. Edited by Hugh Eobert Mill",.. 257 183 13t 181 134 159 181 112 256 16 160 35 110 256 159 183 182 159 34 112 15 282 83 35 258 207 15 15 112 111 280 110 160 183 182 59 280 279 257 279 Qeoloey, Aids in Practical. J. Cole By Prof. Grenville A. Geology, An Interuiodiiitc Text Book of. By Charles Lap worth ... Geology, First Lessons in Modern. By the late A. H. Green ... Geology, Skertchley's Elements of. Eevised by Dr. James Moncknian Geology, The Principles of Stratigraphical. By J. E. Marr ... Girls' Education in England, The Renaissance of. By Alice Zimmern ... Haunts and Hobbies of an Indian Official. By Mark Thomhill Hunterian Oration, The. By Sir Wm. MacOormac Insects (Cambridge Natural History). By David Sharp ... ... ... • . . . Insects ; Their Structures and Life. By George H. Carpenter ... Insects, True Tales of the. By L. N. Badenoch ... Kant on Education. Translated by Annette Churton Lantern Slides, How to Make. By S. L. Coulthurst Lapland, Through Arctic. By CutcUffe Hync Legislation, Jom-nal of the Society of Comparative. Vol. I. Life, The Science of. By J. Arthur Thomson Link, The Last. By Ernest Haeckel Literary and Debating Societies, Handbook for. By Laurence M. Gibson London in the Eeign of Victoria (1837-1897). By G. Laurence Gomme London University Guide and University Corre- spondence Calendar... LoweU Observatory, Annals of the. Vol. I., Observations of " the Planet Mars during the Opposition of 1894-5, made at Flagstaff, Arizona. By Percival Lowell ... Mammals, The Geography of. By William L. Sclater Man, from Matter to — A New Theory of the Universe. By A. Eedcote Dewar ... Man ; Past and Present. By A. K. Keane Mechanics, Practical. By S. H. Wells ... ... Moon, Eclipses of tlie, in India. By Eobert Sewell Organism, the Living. By Alfred Earl ... Palestine and Syria, My Tour in. By P. H. Deverell ... ... Photograms of 1898 ... Photograms of 1899 ... Photography, Early Work in. By W. E. Henry... Photo-Micrography. By Edmund J. Spitta Physics, A History of. By Florian Cajori Physics, An Introduction to Practical. ByD. Eintoul Physics : Experimental and Theoretical. Vol. I. By R. H. Jude Ph\sics, Practical Work in. Part IV. Magnetism and Electricity. By W. C. Woollcombe Process Year Book for 1899 Provident Societies and Industrial Welfare. By E. W. Braybrook ... Qucero. By James H. Keeling .. Eain, River and Evaporation, Results of. By H.C.Russell Rambles with Nature Students. By Mrs. Brightwen... Reliquary and Illustrated Archseologist, The. Volume for 1898 PAQE 34 111 112 82 82 112 256 230 258 230 257 134 16 82 135 82 60 15 59 59 159 281 35 229 15 14 59 208 16 279 208 135 181 IS 256 112 279 16 82 258 230 16 KNOWLEDGE. Books, Reviews of — Eetrospect of Eight Decades, A. L. Berthon Bt ReT. Edward Kiver Development, as illustratid by the Rivers of North America. By Prof. I. C. Russell Romano-British Settlement at Chigwell, Essex, Notes upon. By J. Chalkley G-ould ... Rousden Observatorv, Devon ; variable Star notes No. 4 : R. Cvgni and X. Cygni. By Sir C. E. Peek Russian Province of the North, A. By Alexander Platonovich Engelhardt Science, Eirly chapters in. By Mrs. W. Awdry Science, the Groundwork of. By St. George Mirart Scientific Boll and Magazine of Systematized Notes, conducted by Alexander Ramsay Sea, The Resources of the. By W. C. Mcintosh ... Seismology. By John Milne ... Siddhanta-Darpana, a Treatise on Astronomy Skiagraphic Atla^. By .John Poland Smithsonian Institution : Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1896 ... Smithsonian Institution: Report by S. P. Langley for the Year ending June 3ath, 1S98 ... Sport. The Encyclopcedia of. By tlie Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, Hedley Peek, and F. G. Aflalo Stars and Telescopes. By Darid P. Todd Stonyhurst College Observatory : Results of the Meteorological and Magnetic Observation for 1898 Telephones, their Construction and Fitting. By F. C. Allsop ... Truth and Error, or the Science of Intellection. ByJ. W.Powell ... Voice that is Still, The Sound of a. By Archie Campbell ... Toloanoes : Their Structure and Significance. Bv T. G. Bonney "Way the World Went Then, The. By Isabella Barclay Weather Lore. By Richard Inwards West African Studies. By Mary EI. Kingsley Wheat Problem, The. By Sir WiUiam Crookes ... Whituker's Almanack, 1899 Practical. Bv Frank E. Zoology, Elementary Beddard ... ... Zoology, Practical. By the late A. Milnes Mar- shall and the late C. Herbert Hurst 208 160 281 183 230 257 35 182 160 59 257 35 111 182 89 256 182 256 257 135 134 111 15 112 280 35 35 257 85 Brown, Miss Elizabeth — Obituary Notice of Bruce, William S., F.R.S.G.S.— Ben Nevis and its Observatory .. 198, 231 Buckland Fish Museum — Note on ... . ... ... ... 36 Hansen, Prof. Robert Wilhelm Eberard— Obituary Notice of 206 Burns, Gavin J., B.Sc. — Distribution of Stars in Space ... ... 152 Letter on 227 Is the Stellar Universe Finite •? 248 I Chess Column — I ByC. D. LococK ... 23,47,71,95,119,143, 167, 191, 215, 239, 263, 287 Clarke, W. G.— The Icknield Way in Norfolk and Suflolk ... 43 Clouds — By . J Aires Quick 103 By E. M. Anto.madi .. 202 Coins, The Zodiacal, of the Emperor Jahtingir — [ By E. Walter Maunder 155 1 Cole, Grenville A. J., M.R.I.A., F.G.S.— i Secrets of the Earth's Crust — Introduction . . 31 I. The Unseen Core ... . 32 II. The Oldest Fauna of the Globe 79 III. The Makers of Flint 128 Letter on the Origin of Flint 180 IV. A Caldron of the Rocks 186 Y. The Great Earth-Mill 235 VI. The Coming of Man 268 Comets and Meteors, Notes on — i By W. F. Denning 22, 46, 70, 93, 117, 141, I 166, 189, 213, 237, 262, 286 ! Cooke, John H., F.L S., F.G.S. Microscopy 22, 45, 70, 92, 118, I 140, 165, 190, 214, 238, 261, 285 i Cordeaux, John— j Obituary Notice of 228 Crommelin, A. C. D. — Letter on The Planet DQ 37 Crouch, C. — Letter on Memory without Eeason 228 Cygni. 61— Letter on ; by W. H. S. MoNCK 39 Cygni, S. S.— Letter on ; by David Flanery . . . 226, 253 DQ^, The Planet- Letter on ; by A. C. D. Crommelin ... ... 37 DQ, Witt's Planet— By Edward C. Pickering Davison, Charles, Sc.D., F.G.S.— The Hereford Earthquake of 1896 9 121 Denning, W. F., F.R.A.S.— Notes on Comets and Meteors 22, 46. 70, 98, 117, 141, 166, 189, 213, 237, 262, 286 Derevaragh Lough, The Legend of— Letter on ; by Frances I. Battersby ... 132 Dunkin, Edwin, F.R.S.— Obituary Notice of 13 VI. KNOWLEDGE Earth's Crust, Secrets of the— By Grenville A. J. Cole. Introduction ... I. The Unseen Core II. The Oldest Fauna of the (Uobe m. The Makers of Fhnt IV. A Caldron of the Rocks V. The Great Earth-Mill YI. The Coming of Man ... Earthquake, The Hereford, of 1896— By Charles Davison .. Eclipse, Total Solar of 1900— Note on Editorial 31 32 79 128 186 235 268 121 228 265 Electricity as an Exact Science — By Howard B. Little. I. Tradition, etc. 19 II. Units and Measurements 64 III. Arbitrary Assumptions and Expres- sions ... .. ... •■• 100 IV. Experience, its Value, and its Danger 163 V. Electrical Reasoning and Incontro- vertible Electrical Fact 211 VI. The Relation of Modern Electrical Practice to its History, its Units, and its Reasoning ... . 246 Eros. The Planet (DQ 433)— By Edw'.4.rd C. Pickering ... ... ... 62 Fairy Rings— By A. B. Steele 107 Flanery, David — Letter on Variable Stars ... ... ... 17 Letter on Mira Ceti 109 Letter on S. S. Cygni 226 Letter on R. Leonis, Mu;a, and S. S. Cygni... 253 Flint, The Origin of— Letter on ; by Gren-ville A. J. Cole ISO Flower, Sir William- Obituary Notice of ... ... ... 178 Fly, The Teeth of the Dung- By W.\lter Wesche ... ... ... ... 18 Fly, The Teeth on the Labella of the Blow- By W.vlter Wesche ... ... ... . 164 Foster's, Sir Michael, Presidential Address to the British Association, September 13th, 1899 219 Fowler, A., F.R.A.S.— The Face of the Sky 23, 47, 71, 94, 119, 142, 167, 191, 214, 239, 263, 287 Fowler, Sir John- Obituary Notice of ... ... ... .. 37 Frankland, Sir Edward- Obituary Notice of 206 Fry, The Rt. Hon. Sir Edward, D.C.L., LLD., F.R.S., and Agnes— The Mycetozoa, and Some Questions which they Suggest 1, 56, 114, 161, 194, 241, 271 Galileo's Tower at Florence— By W. Alfred Parr 157 Galton. Sir Douglas — Obituary Notice of . ... ... ... 85 Geological Catastrophe. What is a?— By N. A. Graydon ... .. ... .. 113 Godden, William — Letter on the Sunspot Period 18 Gore, J. E., F.R.A.S.— Some Suspected Variable Stars 176, 200, 233 Letter on The Distribution of Stars in Space 180 Graydon, N. A. — What is a Geological Catastrophe ? 113 Green, Jos. F.. F.Z.S.— Letter on Locusts in England ... ... 84 Letter on Honevsuckle Flowering in a Strange Place , 179 Grimshaw, Percy H., F.E.S — Mosquitoes and Malaria Grut, P. de Jersey- Letter on Trees Struck by Lightning GuadalquiYer, Two Months on the— By Harry F. Withekby. I. The River II. The Marismas ... III. Reeds and Rushes IV. Scrub and Wood 49 277 (i bl 183 222 V. Flowery Plains and Bustards. List of Birds obtained and observed ... 272 Hampton, The Lord — Letter on Tree Struck by Lightning ... 252 Heavens, An Anglo-Saxon Story of the— By E. Walter Maunder ... ... ... 106 Hippalus and its Surroundings — By E. Walter Maunder ... ... ... 275 HoUoway, George T., Assoc. R, Coll. Sc, F.I.C.— The Acetylene Industry ... 77, 102 Honeysuckle Flowering in a Strange Place— Letter on; by .Jos. F. Green 179 Hydrogen, Liquefaction of — Note on Icknield Way, The, in Norfolk and Suffolk By W. C. Clarke Iveagh, Lord, and the Jenner Institute — Note on ... 12 158 43 KNOWLEDGE. vu. Lightning, Tree Struck by^ Letter on : by A. C. ... Letter on ; by Howard B. Little ... Letter on; by Baron N. K.\ulbabs ... Letter on ; by Lord Hampton Letter on ; by P. de Jersey Geut ... Little, Howard B. — Electricity as an Exact Science. I. Tradition, etc. ... II. Units and Measurements III. Arbitrary Assumptions and Expres- sions ... IV. Experience, its Value, and its Danger V. Electrical Eeasoning and Incontrover- tible Electrical Fact VI. The Relation of Modern Electrical Practice to its History, its Units, and its Reasonina; ... 18 38 227 252 277 19 64 100 163 211 246 38 108 Letter on Tree Struck by Lightning ... Letter ou The Need for a better Interchange of Scientific Thought Locock, C. D., B.A.— Chess Column ... 23,47,71,95,119,143,107. 191, 215, 239, 263,287 Locusts in England — Letter on ; by Jos. F. Green ... ... 84 Longitude of the Earth's Perihelion — Letter on ; by " Perplexed " 62 Ivory, Mammoth — By R. Lydekker ... -. . ... 67 Jenner, Sir William — Obituary Notice of ... . . ... ... 37 Earkinokosm, The, or World of Crustacea — By Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. VII. The Box Crustacea 29 VIII. The Door- Shell Crustacea 87 IX. La Dignite du Chez-Soi 137 X. Weapons and WUes ... ... ... 171 XL Taste and Try 224 XII. A Breath of Water 282 Kaulbars, Lt. General Baron N. — Letter on Tree Struck by Lightning . . 227 Keane, A. K. — Letter on " Man ; Past and Present" ... 251 [ Kodaikanal, The New Observatory at^ I Letter on ; by R. de Beaubepaiue LorvAftNY 16 ' Leonids, The Shower of, in 1899 — By W. F. Denning 286 Leonis, R. — Letter on ; by DA\^D Flaneey ... ... 258 Lydekker, R. — Mammoth Ivory ... ... ... ... 67 Mother-of- Pearl and its Sources 97 Sponges and the Sponge Trade .. ... 145 A Contrast in Noses 174 Shells as Ornaments, Implements, and Articles of Trade 242 MacDowall, Alex. B., M.A.— The Fluctuations of Rainfall 54 London Summers near Sunspot Minima . . . 209 " Man : Past and Present "— Letter on ; by A. K. Ke.\ne ... ... ... 251 Mare Crisium, Sunset on the — By E. Walter M.WNDER 60 Markwick, Colonel E. E., F.R.A.S.— Letter on The Nebula N.G.C. 2237-9 Mono- cerotis 179 Martin, C. E.— Letter on The Shooting of Rare Birds ... 38 Maunder, E. Walter, F.R.A.S.— Comparative Photographic Spectra of the Brighter Stars 40 Sunset on the Mare Crisium 60 Wide .\ngl6 Photography in Astronomy . . . 86 An Anglo-Saxon '• Story of the Heavens " ... 106 The Zodiacal Coins of the Emperor Jahangir 155 Hippalus and its Surroundings 275 Louvagny, R. de Beaurepaire, S.J. — Letter on The New Observatory at Kodaikanal 16 McPherson, Dr J. G., F.R.S.E.— The Energy of Rontgen Rays 148 Medals of the Royal Society — Note on ... ... ... ... ... 13 Memory Without Reason — Letter on ; by C. CRoncn 228 Meteors, The November, in 1898 — By Edward C. Pickering ... ...» ... 39 Meteors, The November, of 1899— By Edward C. Pickering 250 Microbes in Co-operation — By G. Clarke Nutt.all ... ... .. 151 Microscopy — By .John H. Cooke ... 22. 45, 70, 92, 118, 140. 165, 190, 214, 238, 261, 285 MUls, John, F.R.A.S.— The Nervous System of our Empire ... 42 Mira Ceti — Letter on ; by Walter E. Besley ... ... £8 Letter on ; by David Flanery ... 109, 253 Vlll. KNOWLEDGE. Monck, W. H. S.— Letter on 61 Cygni 39 Letter on The Distribution of the Stars ... 179 Letter on The Snn's Radiant Heat ... ... 205 Letter on Suspected Variable Stars ... 252 Letter on Is the Stellar Universe Finite '? ... 276 Moon, The "Seas" of the, What are they, and What is the Cause of their Obscure Appearance ? — By J. G. 0. Tepper 251 Letter on ; by Laurence B. Tappenden ... 277 Morley, George — Customs of Shakespeare's Greenwood ... 90 Mosquitoes and Malaria — By Percy H. Gbimshaw ... ... ... 49 Note on 254 Mother-of-Pearl and its Sources— By E. Lydekker ... ... ... ... 97 Mycetozoa, The, and Some Questions which they Suggast— By Sir Edward Fry and Agnes Fry, 1, 56, 114, 101, 194, 241, 271 Naturalist, On the duty of a Field — By E. A. S. E. 260 Nebula N.G.C. No. 1599 Persei, Photograph of the— By Is.AAc Roberts Nebula, The, N.G.C. 2237-9 Monocerotis— Letter on ; by E. E. Mark wick Nebulae, Dark Rifts and Lanes in — Letter on; by W. E. Wir.soN Nebulae Surrounding the Star D.M. No. 1858 Monocerotis, Photograph of — By Isaac Roberts Nebulous Region Round the Cluster N.G.C. No. 2239 IVIonocerotis 39 179 206 249 132 By Is.\Ac Roberts Nervous System, The, of our Empire — By John Mills Noses, A Contrast in — By R. Lydekker Nuttall, G. Clarke, B.Sc— The Discoloration of Cut Apples Microbes in Co-operation Orchids, The Story of the— By Rev. Alex. S. Wilson ... 149, 210, 259 Ornithological Notes, British — 42 174 124 151 Ages to wliicb Birds liye, On the ComparatiTe- J. H. Gurney ... Auk, Great, or Garefowl, Additional Xotes on- Svuiington Grieve ,., 63 14 Auk, Great, Remains of, from Wliitepark Bay, County Antrim — W. J. Knowles ... ... 42 Auk, Great, once an Irish Bird — R. J. Ussher ... 42 Birds of the Islands of Tiree and CoU, ObserFatious on the— L. H. Irby ... ... ... ... 253 Black Grouse formerly an Irish Bird — G. E. II. Barrett- Hamilton ... ... ... .. 42 Bustard, Little, in Breeding Plumage — Thos. Southwell ... ... ... ... ... 41 Bustard, Macqueen's, in Aberdeenshire {correction) — H. F. W. ... ... ... ... 84 See also page 42 Buzzard, Common, and Domestic Fowl — Alan F. Grossman ... ... .. ... 14 Buzzard, Honey, at Peterhead — William Serle ... 14 Crake, Spotted, in County Down — " J. R." ... 14 Cranes in Norfolk — J. H. Gui-ney ... ... 134 Crossbill, Two-barred, in Sussex — N. F. Ticehur.st .. 278 Cuckoo, -V Pet— Charles Campbell ... ... 14 Cuckoo in December— E. C. .\. Byrom ... ... 41 Cuckoo, Young, ejecting youn? Meadow Pipit ... 278 Cuckoos in Winter in Devonshire — W. S. M. D'Urban 41 Duck, Tufted, Breeding of, in South-west Derby- shire— Francis C. R. Jourdaiu ... ... 253 Fire-Crested Wren in Breconsliire— E. Cambridge Phillips ... ... ... ... ... 84 Flamingo in Merionethshire — G. H. Caton Haigh... 42 Fulmar Petrel Breeding in Noss, Shetland — Robert Godfrey ... ... ... ... ... 42 Fungoid Disease in Razorbill— T. H. Nelson ... 278 Golden-Crested Wren, Spring Immigration of the — Johu Cordeaux ... ... ... 158 Goshawk, Nesting of the, in Yorkshire— Thomas Southwell ... ... ... ... ... 63 Grouse, The Introduction of the Black, in Ireland — G. E. H. Barrett- Hamilton ... ... ... 63 Grouse, Red, and Bantam Hybrid — J. G. Millais ... 84 Hawfinch in County Dublin — J. Trumbull ... 42 Heron, Night, in Co. Wexford— G. E. H. Barrett- Hamilton ... ... ... ... ... 25.3 Hobby, The Food of the— Charles A. Witchell ... 278 Hybrids — Mallard and Pintail, and Red Grouse and Bantam ... ... ... ... ... 84 Increase and Decrease of Certain Species of Birds in the Tay Area— John Campbell ... ... 253 King-Eider in Shetland— J. E. Harting ... ... 84, 134 Linota exilipes (Coues) in Holderness — John Cordeaux ... ... ... ... ... 84 Mallard and Pintail Hybrid — H. A. Macphersoa ... 84 Movements and Occurrence of Birds in Scotland during 1898, Report on— T. G. Laidlaw .. 229 " Nightingale Thrushes "— C. A. Witchell ... 158 Ospreys near London — J. E. Harting ... ... 14 Owl, European Hawk, in Aberdeenshire — G. Sim ... 42 Pastor, Rose-coloured, in Ireland — E. Williams 253 Plialarojje, Grey, in Co. Armagh — Marsden ... 253 Pipit, Richard's, in Cumberland — H. A. Macpherson 63 Plover, Sociable, The Occurrence of the, in Ireland — Edward Williams ... ... ... ... 278 Ptarmigan, formerly an Irish Bird — G. E. H. Barrett- Hamilton ... ... ... ... 42 Razorbill, Fungoid Disease in — T. H. Nelson ... 278 Razorbill, Notes on the— Edward M'Canon ... 229 Remains of Bu-ds from the Lake-Dwellings of Glastonbury— C. W. Andrews ... ... 229 Rook as an Egg-Stealer— Harry F. Witherby ... 133 Sandgrouse in Lincolnshire — John Cordeaux ... 133 Sandpiper, Buff-breasted, in Norfolk— E. C. Ai-nold 253 Sandpiper, Spotted, in Ireland — F. Curtis ... 134 KNOWLEDGE. IX. Ornithological Notes, British — Sandpiper, Wood, in Co. Mayo ... ... ... 14 Sandpiper, Wood, in Co. Waterford — E. Williams... 253 Scaup-duck nesting in Scotland — J. A. Harvie-Brown 253 Shearwater, Great (Puffinus major) — Tlios. South- well ... ... ... ... ... 42 Shearwater, Levantine (Puffinus i/eliouanus) near Scarborough — Howard Saunders ... .. 13-t Shrike, Woodchat, a bird new to Ireland — K. M. Barringtou ... ... ... ... 63 Snipe, Solitary, near Elgin— T. E. Buckley ... 42 Swallow, ArriTal of — E. Sillence ... ... 133 Tern, Little, Construction of the Nest of the — Charles J. Patten ... ... ... ... 229 Thrush, Mistle, swallowing droppings of Young — George J. Chapmin .. ... ... ... 178 Thrush, llistle, swallowing droppings of i'oung — Arthur East ... ... ... ... 133 Tifs, The Marsh, Sense— Charles A. Witchell ... 278 Wagtail, Blue-headed, in Cumberland — H. A. | Macpherson ... ... ... ... 229 Wagtails, White, at Bartragh, Co. Muto— Robert j Warren ... ... ... "... .. 229 Warbler, Barred, in Lancashire — W. Ruskin Butter- field ... ... ... ... ... 84 , Warbler, Barred, in Lincolnshire — G. H. Caton Haigh ... ... ... ... ... 278 Warbler, Barred, in Oxfordshire —O. T. Aplin ... 63 Warbler, Icterine, in Norfolk— E. C. Arnold ... 253 Warbler, Radde's Bush CLiiseiniola schmarzi, Radde), in Lincolnshire — G. H. Caton Haigh ... ... 41 Warbler, Rufous, a bird new to Ireland — R. J. TJssher ... 63 Whitethroat, Lesser, in the Outer Hebrides— W. Eagle Clarke 134 Woodpecker, Greater Spotted, at Peterhead — William Serle ... ... ... ... 14 Woodpecker, Great Spotted, in Scotland... ... 42 Ozone and its Uses 5 Parr, W. Alfred- Galileo's Tower at Florence ... ... ... 157 Patterson, Charles S., M.B., M.R.C.S , F.Z.S.— Letter on ; The Resources of the Sea ... 205 Photographic Telescope, A New Form of— By EdWABD C. PiCKEBING ... ... ... 85 Photography, Wide Angle, in Astronomy— By E. Walteb Maunder .. 86 Pickering, Edward C. — Witt's Planet DQ 9 The November Meteors in 1898 39 The Planet Eros (DQ 433) 62 A New Form of Photographic Telescope ... 85 A New Star in Sagittarius 105 A New Satellite of Saturn 181 The New Algol Variable in Cygnus, + 45° 3062 177 The November Meteors of 1899 250 Pile Dwellings, Glastonbury— Note on 253 , Qaick, James — Clouds ... Rainfall, The Fluctuations of— By Alex. B. MacDowall Roberts, Isaac, D.Sc. F.R.S.— Photograph of the Nebula N.G.C. No. 1499 Persei Nebulous Region round the Cluster N.G.C. No. 2239 Monocerotis Photograph of Nebulfe surrounding the Star D.M. No. 184S Monocerotis Rontgen Rays, The Energy of— By Dr. J. G. McPhekson Sagittarius, A New Star in— By Edward C. Pickering Saturn, A New Satellite of— By Edward C. Pickering ... Saturn, Considerations on the Planet— By E. M. Antoniadi .. Science Notes 103 54 39 182 249 148 105 131 9 ... 12, 36, 64, 83, 109, 132, 157, 178, 228, 253, 278 Scientific Thought, The Need for a Better Interchange of — Letter on ; by Howard Little ... ... 108 Sea, The Resources of the— Letter on ; by Charles S. Patterson Shakespeare's Greenwood, Customs of — By George Morley ... Shells as Ornaments, Implements, and Articles of Trade— ■ By R. Ltdekker Sky, The Face of the- By A. Fowler , . . 205 90 242 23, 47, 71, 94, 119, 142, 167, 191, 214, 239, 263, 287 Sound Reflexion and Refraction— By Rev. John M. Bacon 193 Spectra, Comparative Photographic, of the Bright Stars— By E. Walter Maunder ... ... ... 40 Sponges and the Sponge Trade— By R. Lydekker (Star), The New Algol Variable, in Cygnus, + W 3062— By Eow.utD C. Pickering Stars, Distribution of, in Space- By Gavin .J. Burns Letter on ; by J. E. Gore Letter on ; by Gavin J. Burns 145 177 152 180 227 KNOWLEDGE. Stars, The Distribution of the— Letter on ; by W. H. S. Monck Stars, Variable— Letter on ; by DA\nD Flaneby Stars, Variable, Some Suspected — By J. E. Gore 179 17 176, 200, Letter on ; by T. W. Backhouse Letter on ; by W. H. S. Monck Stebbing, Rev. Thomas R. R., M.A., F.R.S.. F.L.S.— The Karkinokosm, or World of Crustacea. VII. The Box Crustacea Vni. The Door-shell Crustacea IX. La Dignite du Chez-sol X. Weapons and Wiles XI. Taste and Try XIL A Breath of Water Steele, A. B.— Fairy Kings Stellar UniYerse, Is the, Finite— By Gavin J. Burns Letter on ; by W. H. S. Monck Sun's, The, Radiant Heat- Letter on ; by W. H. S. Monck Sunspot Minima, London Summers near— By Alex. B. MacDowall Sunspot Period, The— Letter on ; by William Godden Tappenden, Laurence B. — Letter on The Seas of the Moon Tepper, J. G. 0.— The " Seas " of the Moon, what are they, and what is the cause of their obscure appear- ance ? Thomson, Arthur, M.A., M.B. — On the Treatment and Utilization of Anthro- pological Data. • I. Colour IL The Hair III. Eacial Proportions IV. Height V. Cranial Form VI. Facial Form 233 227 252 29 87 137 171 224 282 197 248 276 205 209 18 277 251 25 73 125 169 217 266 WagstafTe, W. W., B.A., F.R.C.S.— Ups and Downs in our Daily Weight Webb, Wilfred Mark, F.L.S.— Eecent Work of the United States Biological Survey Weight, Our Daily, Ups and Downs in— By W. W. Wagstaffe Wesche, Walter — The Ovipositor of a Beetle {BaptoUnus alter- nans) and the Teeth of the Dang Fly The Teeth on the Labella of the Blow Fly Wheat Problem, Sir William Crookes'— Note on . . . ... Wheat, Produce of, in Great Britain — Note on 247 254 247 18 164 13 36 Wilson, Rev. Alex. S., M.A., B.Sc- The Story of the Orchids ... 149, 210, 259 WUson, W. E.— Letter on ; Dark Kifts and Lanes in Nebulte Wireless Telegraphy— ByJ. M Witchell, Charles A.— The Bad Language of Wild Birds The Love-Gifts of Birds Letter on the Love-Gifts of Birds Witherby, Harry P., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.— Two Months on the Guadalquiver. I. The Elver II. The Marismas III. Reeds and Eushes IV. Scrub and Wood V. Flowery Plains and Bustards Birds obtained and observed Wolf, Joseph — Obituary Notice of Zoological Society for Brighton — Note on List of 206 137 28 76 109 6 51 183 222 272 186 64 KNOWLEDGE XI. INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL ILLUSTRATIONS. PASS 285 67 . 281 33 cac a catechu, Microphotograph of Atmospheric Corona, Triple Auks, Little Basalt, Cut Surface of Beetle, Ovipositor of {Baptoli»us alternans) ... ... ... ... 19 Ben NeYis — Ordnance Caim and ObservatorT on the Summit of ... ... 199 Obserratoi'T from the South ... 199 Obserratorv from the South-East : Winter " 231 Fog Crystals coTcring Tower and Instruments ... 232 Buzzard. Common, and Domestic Fowl 14 Coinage, Zodiacal, of the Emperor Jahangir — (Full-page Photographic Plate) — Gold Mohurs minted at Agrah ; Silver KupeesmintedatAhmadabad 156 Clouds, Classification of— Stratus ; Cumulo-Ivimbus ; Alto- cumulus ; Cirrus (full-page Plat«) ... 103 Clond Photographs— ■'ilare's Tail" Cloud; "Mackerel Sky" 202 Stratus ; Small Cumuli during fine summer weather 203 Eain-Clouds ; Eainbow seen at Juvisy; Scud drifting before a grey sheet of Cirro-Stratus ... 204 Large Thimder-Storm Cumulus ; Light Cirro - Cumulus in the Upper Regions, with Stratus in the foreground (full-page Phoio- araphif Plate) ... "! 202 Earthquake. Map of Area affected by the Hereford 122 Flamingo. The Dead 54 Flamingoes 53 Flint. Microscopic Section of ... 130 Fly, Teeth of Blow, magnified 170 Diameters 16.5 Fly, Dung— Proboscis, Lancets, and ilaiUlary Palpi of {Scatophaga stereo- raria) ; Teeth of Fly ; Clasper of Fly ; Part of Tibia and Tarei ofFore-legof Fly, showing spines used in holding prey ... ... 19 Fog-producing Apparatus 104 Galileo's Tower at Florence— The Torre del Gallo, Florence ; Museum in the Torre del GaUo Gneiss. Microscopic Section of 157 237 Hair, The— Section through scalp of a Bush- man , showing curved hair folHcles 74 Photomicrograph of section through hair follicle 74,75 Longitudinal section throvigh hair follicle 75 Straight hair, culled hair (Bush- man), sti-aight hair erected by action of muscle... ... ... 75 Sections showing appearance of the hah- folhcles in the scalps of races with straight, wavy, and curly liair ... 76 Hippalas and its Surroundings (full- pane Photographic Plate) 275 Icknield Way in Norfolk and Suffolk — " Chunk Harvey's Grave," Xhetford 44 Bridge over the Thet at Thetford... 44 The Green Lane, near Thetford ... 45 " Japan Ear," Outer Surface of ... 99 Karkinokosm, The, or World of Crustacea — Polycope orhicularis Sars, lateral and dorsal views... ... ... 29 JEiicytherura gibhera, lateral and dorsal views ... ... 30 Asterope, Body of an, without the valves 30 Mandible of Megalocypris princeps 31 Asttrope, Mandible of; Brushing feet of ; Annular cleansing foot of 31 Titbicinella tracheal^ Shaw, in skin of Right Whale 88 Lepas anatifera lAna. ... ... 88 Xauplius of Lepas anatifera ... 89 Cypris-stage of Xy7as aK.s