UNCLASSIFIED TM NO.306 ET SS EDT
LAGRANGIAN CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN THE NORTHEAST PROVIDENCE CHANNEL AND THE TONGUE OF THE OCEAN, BAHAMAS)
‘14 FEBRUARY TO 6 MARCH 1963 PRELIMINARY REPORT
De (re
NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND
xa . ¢3 ONCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TM No. 306
U. S. NAVAL UNDERWATER ORDNANCE STATION NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
LAGRANGIAN CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN THE NORTHEAST PROVIDENCE CHANNEL AND THE TONGUE OF THE OCEAN, BAHAMAS 14 FEBRUARY TO 6 MARCH 1963 © PRELIMINARY REPORT
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0 0301 0043986 5
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/ p O / Prepared by: <Ld Coase
MBL/WHO!
MOON
September 1963 Technical Director
W. C. TAYLOR Captain, USN Commanding Officer
Task Assignment No. RUTO-3E-000/219 1/SF-099-03-02 and
ASW Oceanographic Research RU22<2E=000/219 1ROO4=203201 UNCLASSIFIED
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TM No.
FOREWORD
In the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) development program, the Naval Underwater Ordnance Station (NUOS ) is responsible for the design, installation, test, and evaluation of an underwater weapons tracking range. In order to provide accurate tracking data on test vehicles, the information obtained by the underwater instrumentation must be correlated with the oceanographic environment. NUOS, in a cooperative effort with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOL), obtained water current data during February and March 1963, using the parachute drogue system in the Northeast Providence Channel and Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas »
This preliminary report describes the purpose of the cruise, the drogue system, and the type of navigation used in tracking the drogues. The raw data are included in the Appendix. Analysis of the data will be the subject of a subsequent report. This work was accomplished under BUWEPS Task Assignment Nos. RUTO=-3E-000/219 1/SF-099-03=02 and ASW Oceanographic Research RU2202E=000/219 1/ROO4-03-01.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The able assistance of Mr. Seward Johnson, owner of the OCEAN PEARL, Mr. R. Schlichtenmaier, Captain of the H.J.W. FAY, and their crews helped make this program a success, and is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are due Mr. John Bruce of the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution for sharing the responsibility and offering many helpful suggestions.
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TM No. 306
SUMMARY
The Naval Underwater Ordnance Station is responsible for the design, installation, test, and evaluation of an underwater weapons tracking range for the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC). As this work requires a knowledge of the environmental factors affecting deep water tracking, a program was established to gather additional data on the water currents in the Northeast Providence Channel and selected areas in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas.
Water current measurements were taken during February and March 1963 by tracking parachute drogues along five transects in the areas selected. The drogues were placed at various positions and depths (from surface to 1500 meters) along each transect, and were tracked for periods of one to four days. Although it had been planned to track each drogue for a longer period of time (three to five days), the weather (high winds) proved to be a limiting factor.
A total of 27 drogues (aa. identical in construction) were tracked, and over 500 position fixes were taken. When the surface floats were recovered, a tension was noted on the suspension wire prior to cutting. This indicated that the parachute was still open and that the run was successful.
Two vessels were used to track the drogues which made it possible to: make a greater number of observations during the time allocated for the program; obtain the first synoptic, drogue water current measurements taken in the area; and acquire the quasi-continuous measurements of the eurrents that were desired in order to determine meaningful flow patterns.
Decca Hi-Fix (a short range, high precision, position-fixing system) was used to determine the positions of the surface floats relative to known landmarks at various intervals along the drogue tracks. Standard navigation radar fixes were taken simultaneously with the Hi-Fix readings to provide back up information, and to position the surface floats if the Hi-Fix system failed or the range was too great. However, the Decca Hi-Fix position fixes were quite adequate for tracking the drogues throughout the areas covered.
Although information on the water characteristics at the time and place each measurement was taken would be valuable, no effort was made to assess these characteristics since the time involved would interfere with the planned program, and hydrographic station data are available for the areas of interest. These data cover all months over a period of years and could be used in conjunction with the water current data obtained to provide a more complete analysis.
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TM No. 306
Since this is a preliminary report, only raw data and descriptions of the equipment and procedures are presented. A subsequent report will include a final analysis of the data in an attempt to answer the following questions:
1. Can the motion of the water in the Northeast Providence Channel be traced to the motion of the water in the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) (or vice versa)?
2. What is the "mixing length" of the predominant eddies in TOTO?
3. What is the general magnitude and intensity of the horizontal and vertical current shear in the central region of TOTO?
4. To what extent (and time scale) are turbulent shears (normal to the bank walls) causing mixing and transport of bank water into the AUTEC region?
5. How is the wind drift pattern related to tidal data?
T™ No. 306 INTRODUCTION
Since accurate tracking of test vehicles in the deep water range at AUTEC will depend in part on correlating the effects of the oceanoe= graphic environment with information obtained by the underwater instrumenta- tion, additional data on the environmental factors involved were required. To learn more about one of these factors, parachute drogues were set and tracked during the period 14 February to 6 March 1963 in the Northeast Providence Channel and selected areas of the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas.
The purpose of this program was to gather data on the water currents which could be used in an attempt to answer the following questions:
1. Can the motion of the water at the Northeast Providence Channel be traced to the motion of the water in Tongue for vice versa)?
2. What is the "mixing length" of the predominant eddies in The Tongue?
3. What is the general magnitude and intensity of horizontal and vertical current shear in the central region of the Tongue?
4. To what extent (and time scale) are turbulent shears (normal to the bank walls) causing mixing and transport of bank water into the AUTEC region?
5. How is the wind drift pattern related to tidal data?
Two vessels were used during the program. The OCEAN PEARL (Figure ab) is a privately owned ketch capable of speeds up to 9 knots under power. This vessel, used by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOT) , was under the direction of Mr. John Bruce, WHOI. The H.J.W. FAY (Figure 2) is a research vessel capable of speeds up to 18 knots. This vessel, on contract to the Naval Underwater Ordnance Station (NUOS) from Marine Acoustical Services, Inc., Miami, Florida, was under the direction of Mr. G. S. Cook, NUOS. Both vessels were equipped with Decca Navigation radar and standard ship-to=shore transceivers. Decca Hi-Fix receivers were temporarily installed on each vessel and were used in combination with the radars to track the drogues. Thus, if one system failed, tracking could be continued with the other system alone.
With two vessels tracking their respective drogues simultaneously at various distances from each other, it was possible to make synoptic current measurements (using drogues) for the first time in the area. In addition, the program was not interrupted when one vessel had to return to port.
This was important, since quasi=continuous measurements were desirable in order to determine meaningful flow patterns.
T™ No. 306
The OCEAN PEARL
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
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The H. J. W. FAY
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The areas covered, the equipment used, and the methods employed to obtain the water current measurements are described in this preliminary report. In addition, the raw data are presented in Appendix A. A subsequent report on this program will include an analysis of the data in an effort to answer the previously posed questions.
AREAS
For the purpose of this program, five areas were selected, and water current measurements were taken along transects in these areas (See Figure 3).
The first transect was positioned between Northern Eleuthera (Egg Island) and Great Abaco Island (Hole-inethe-Wall). This transect was selected in order to define water motion at the entrance to Northeast Providence Channel.
The second transect was positioned along a line bearing 343°r from Old Fort Point (New Providence Island), and terminating east of the Berry Islands at the 100 fathom curve.
The third transect was positioned in the eastern part of TOTO (east of the longitudinal axis and extending eastward toward the bank along latitude 24° 4o' Nn).
The fourth transect was positioned parallel to the bank about three miles east of Middle Bight, Andros Island. Only three drogues (set at a depth of 10 meters) were tracked, but observations were taken at much shorter time intervals than along the other transects. This experiment was conducted in an attempt to examine small scale turbulent fluctuations in the surface flow. It should be noted that the drogues set along the fourth transect were tracked simultaneously with the drogues set along the third transect.
The fifth transect was positioned in the western part of TOTO (west of the longitudinal axis and extending westward toward the bank along latitude 2° 15' N). The drogues set along this transect (after tracking was completed along the fourth transect) were also tracked simultaneously with the drogues set along the third transect.
A total of 27 drogues were set and tracked along these transects, and 19 of the surface floats were recovered. The drogues were placed at predetermined depths to provide information on the character and velocity of the water currents throughout the water column. The number of drogues tacked along each transect, the depth at which each drogue was set, and the total tracking time per drogue is tabulated in Table l.
T™ N . 306
870 WROsS 377 ‘3 aged
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Thia port is very shoo! with dry sond bares
HIFIX TRANSMIT- TING, “+7 STATIONS *-|°
‘ . / 2 :
-240 f CP ee (: _ 5 @ 2 2 \ Bike LEN . NOS Sheer ei Pry, \ 3 nN \e —~3 f: —~ 2 ~\ 2
Transects Where Drogue Current Measurements Were Taken
FIGURE 3
TM No. 306 Table 1. Drogues, Depths, and Tracking Time
Drogue Total Identifis Tracking cation Depth Time (Meters) (hours) Remarks
Surface recovered Surface recovered
Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered
OrRPNI FP Wwe
iw) H
PHQD EH
Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered
“7 0 eal .0 -3 8 4 -T
Surface recovered
Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered
Surface recovered Surface recovered Surface recovered
Surface recovered Surface recovered
TM No. 306 DESCRIPTION OF THE DROGUES
Parachute drogues were designed that would have a large drag area (approximately 45 square meters) at the depths where the water currents would be measured, as contrasted with a drag area (approximately 3} square meters) where the surface float would be exposed to the surface water and the wind. At the same time the float and structure of the drogue above the water was designed to be clearly visible at the surface. A diagram of this design, which is comparable with that reported by Ref. 1, is shown in Figure’ 4.
The surface floats were constructed of styrofoam (3 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 1 foot thick) covered with 3/8-inch marine plywood, and ballasted by a 50=-pound weight suspended 8 feet below the float. Each float supported a mast which extended approximately 24 feet above the water and consisted of a 20-foot length of aluminum pipe and a 15-foot bamboo pole.
The aluminum pole, with the 50-pound ballast weight mounted on the lower end, was positioned through a center hole in the float, and was held in place by a clamp and shackle combination above the plywood cover and by a 1/4-inch manila line bent around the float and secured through the shackle (see Figure 5A).
The bamboo pole was fastened to the upper end of the aluminum pole with hose clamps. Two flags, a wire mesh radar reflector, and a blinking light were attached to this pole as shown in Figure }.
The upper flag, used for locating the drogue, was about 1.0 by 1.5 meters, and international (day-glo) orange in color. The lower flag, used to identify the individual drogues, was a standard Navy type
Signal flag. The blinking light was fabricated using a socket, flashing light bulb (GE type 407), lamp cord and 6-volt hand lantern=-type battery. The lights normally gave no trouble, but occasionally they stopped flashing after a day or two of operation because of breakdown of the bimetallic strip in the bulb. Batteries and bulbs were replaced at
the termination of each transect. The longest period of operation
was approximately 4 days.
A harness of 1/4-inch, stainless, 7x19 wire rope was run through the center hole in the float alongside the aluminum pole. A loop was fashioned at each end, and the wire rope was attached to the ballast weight below the float and to the aluminum pole above the plywood cover (see Figures 4 and 5A). The upper loop was used in retrieving the floats, and the parachute suspension wire was attached to the lower loop by means of a splice=type fitting as shown in Figure 5B. Any strain on the harness was transferred to the float by a 1/4-inch cable=clamp and a 1/4-inch shackle resting on the 3/8einch marine plywood cover above the mast hole.
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BLINKING LIGHT RADAR REFLECTOR MM INTERNATIONAL ORANGE aa / SIGNAL FLAG i SIGNAL FLAG (FOR 1.0.) BAMBOO POLE i (IS FT.) HOSE CLAMPS : 7 a uniNOM POLE (20FT.) BATTERY 6 THREAD 4 SERED , STAINLESS WIRE (—- IN.)
SIN. MARINE PLYWOOD
“ok 2 || a
SUSPENSION WIRE A (0.058 IN. DOUBLE p GALVANIZED)
STYROFOAM (QF XOSFile Xl Fate)
50 LB. WEIGHT
STAINLESS WIRE (TIN)
PARACHUTE (28 FT. DIAMETER)
CHEEK CLAMP 5FT_LYy
SJL
L-— 50 LB. WEIGHT
The Parachute Drogue Design FIGURE 4
TM No. 306
LOOP FOR RETRIEVAL +n. STAINLESS WIRE ROPE PIPE CABLE CLAMP-SHACKLE COMBINATION
3 IN. MARINE PLYWOOD
STYROFOAM FLOAT
6 THREAD LINE
ATTACHED TO LOWER LOOP ON STAINLESS WIRE
(See Fig. 5A) LOWER LOOP ATTACHED TO Lin, THIMBLE SPLICE (See Fig. 5B) 8 e.
NICROPRESS FITTINGS
0,058 IN, DOUBLE
GALVANIZED WIRE NOTE: WIRE RETURNED THROUGH TWO FITTINGS.
SUSPENSION WIRE SEATED IN GROOVE
TO PARACHUTE
TO 50 LB. WEIGHT C.
Techniques for Securing Suspension Wire
FIGURE 5
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After the surface float was launched, the specified amount of wire was payed-out through an indicating meter wheel while the vessel steamed slowly up wind. When the proper amount of wire was payed=-out, the cheek clamp (Figure 5C) was attached to the suspension wire. The parachute and a 50=pound weight were also secured to the cheek clamp (see Figure }) and the suspension wire was cut. The weight was then lowered over the side until the parachute shrouds carried the full weight. At this time the weight was released and the parachute was pulled downward by the weight. (The parachute is payed-out in the reverse manner to that of a parachute in the air i.e., the shrouds are payed out first, the canopy being the last to enter the water.) In all cases, it was possible to see the parachute open under water.
All of the drogues used during this program were identical in construction.
NAVIGATION AND TRACKING
The positions of the surface-floats relative to known landmarks were determined with the Decca HieFix System (Decca Navigator System, Ltd., London), and an auxiliary fix was taken with navigation radar.
The H.J.W. FAY was equipped with a Decca 404 navigation radar which was specified to have a frequency of 9320-9480 me/s and a display discrimination of 20 yards. On shorter range scales (range scales in nautical miles are 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 2h, 48), the range ring accuracy is 13 percent of the maximum of the range used or 75 yards, whichever is the greater. The variable range marker accuracy is better than 1 percent of the range ring accuracy. The bearing resolution is 41° (Ref.2). The OCEAN PEARL was equipped with a Decca 303 Navigation Radar which has characteristics similar to the Decca 404 aboard the H.J.W. FAY. The ranges most used were 6, 12, and 24 nautical miles. The Decca HieFix is a high precision, lightweight, electronic position- fixing system, intended primarily for use at short ranges. The system is designed for hydrographic, geophysical, and other surveys in which an accuracy of less than one meter is required, and which demand the use of an electronic surveying system that is readily portable, simple to operate, and quick to install. Decca HieFix receivers were temporarily installed on both vessels, and were used independently but in conjunction with the radars. The principle of the Hi-Fix can be described in the following manner. A set of stationary, standing electromagnetic, wave patterns are generated by radio transmitting stations. These patterns form coordinates in terms of which a radio receiver (carried by the user) provides continuous indication of its position with respect to the transmitting stations. If the positions of the statiorm are known, the signal received by the receiver may be converted into geographical coordinates by reference to a transformation chart. Computers can also be used for this conversion.(Ref.3).
T{ No. 306
The Decca Hi-Fix "net" in the Tongue of the Ocean, shown on Figure 3, consists of three land based transmitting stations. (Two slave stations in conjunction with the common master station.) A single pair of stations produces a pattern which, being dependent on the distance AB (Figure 6A) and on the frequency used, can occupy calculable and highly stable positions on the earth's surface. Therefore, from the point of view of an observer carrying a phase comparison device (Receiver), the pattern constitutes a set of navigational position lines taking the form of a family of hyperbolae focussed on the two transmitters.
To enable the observer to fix his geographical position with reference to the ground stations, two sets of position lines are required. These are provided by a second hyperbolic pattern generated by Station C (Figure 6B) in conjunction with the common Master Station A. The receiving (phase-comparison) apparatus is duplicated to work with the two sets of coordinates, and the observer fixes his position at any instant by trans- ferring the readings of the two phase meters to a map on which numbered lanes of the two patterns are printed.
Typical operating distances between HieFix transmitters and receivers are between 5 and 35 miles, but the receiver can be used close to the transmitting station without loss of accuracy, or at a maximum offshore range of about 100 miles, if the radiated power from the stations is increased. The radiated power of the transmitting stations in TOTO is sufficient to ensure a working range normally in excess of 50 miles over seawater. During this program, HieFix was used at a distance of approximately 110 nautical miles (Transect 1, Figure 3) from the farthest slave station with fair reliability. From a nomogram it was calculated that the lane width along Transect 1 was from 1700 to 1900 meters.
Since the receivers are capable of reading to 1/100 of a lane, this provides an accuracy in the order of 17 = 19 meters.
A series of Decca transformation charts were aved table OTe TOTO area to plot the positions of the drogue floats between 23° 50' and 2° 50' north latitude. Although there was no chart coverage for the transect in the Northeast Providence Channel, the Naval Oceanographic Office has a computer program for converting Decca coordinates to latitude and longitude, and this was used to plot the positions of the floats in these areas.
In general, the Decca Hi-Fix System, backed up by radar, was quite adequate for tracking the drogues, and the position fixes obtained were satisfactory.
MASTER AO OB SLAVE
A Set of Hyperbolic Position Lines Generated by Synchronized Transmissions from Stations A and B
FIGURE 6A
Hyperbolic Grid Generated by Slave Stations B and C Locked to Master Station A
FIGURE 6B
T™ No. 306
REFERENCES
Volkmann, Gordon, John Knauss, & Allyn Vine, 1956: The Use of Parachute Drogues in the measurement of subsurface ocean currents. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 37, 5/3 = 77.
Marine Acoustical Services, Inc., Vessel and Technical Services for Research in Underwater Acoustics and Oceanography. 1962. Copy No. 832 pp. Fe2,3.
The Decca Navigator System as an aid to Survey. (Issue 5) The Decca Navigator Company, Limited, London, England.
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APPENDIX A
The raw data for determining the velocity of the water currents along various transects in the Northeast Providence Channel and sections of TOTO, Bahamas, obtained by tracking parachute drogues
in these areas during February and March 1963, are presented in tabular form.
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TRANSECT 1
DROGUE Z Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg | min | sec deg |min | sec Fix. No.
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TRANSECT 1
DROGUE Y Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (1) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive Date (EST ) deg |min| sec deg |min| sec
As3
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TRANSECT 1
DROGUE X Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg | min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No. 14 Feb 41 02 4 29
Aa4
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TRANSECT 1 DROGUE V Depth: 10 Meters Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min | sec deg | min { sec Fix. No. O77 |00 =) 07. 567 hh 076 | 59 | 52.543 45 076158 | 54.233 46 076157 | 33.624 LT _076 Do || Sis ALO sb Ore: 2D. "|| Sislepife) 4g 076158 | 33.524 50 Ona O38 17232030 pu: O77 1.05 | 26.295 52 O77 | O7 | 08.673 53 One Hey a palSyqrehal 54 Ona Ooms ia1.300) 55
A-5
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 1
Depth: 600 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec
TM No. 306
TRANSECT 1
DROGUE 3 Depth: 200 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (WwW) Consecutive Date EST) deg |min| sec deg |min | sec
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 1
DROGUE 8 Depth: 600 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No. F 81
A=8
™ No. 306
TRANSECT 1
Depth: 200 Meters
LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive deg | min sec Mbaoigh) Nols
Ae9
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE 1 Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min [sec deg | min sec Fix. No.
A=10
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TRANSECT 2 DROGUE G Depth: 600 Meters Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min sec deg | min sec Fix. No. 21 Feb 15.645 O77 | 35 | 58.600 122 02.531 O77 | 35 | 41.829 123 37.049 O77 | 36 | 06.816 124 26.790 Ovae | stew |) abaeyte 125 26.877 ONFTE We; “Wr alehsier/(e) 126 er 33.300 __ ms 30.474 HAS 22 Feb 35.814 ONAe | sien. |) Sires} 128 46.431 OneTe | sir 1) ists arent 129 16.402 O77 | 37 | 00.984 IZ 20.927 OMe etre | (olka ea Sa 00.208 _ Ore | sit 06.350_ Rene | 23 Feb 45.948 Ovi t lee9eOne 133 | 50.970 O(a 38) {i512 956 134 | BsSsis) |) OME SIS) |) Gece dsp | 2h Feb 27.225 O77 | 40 40.981 _ som a 25 Feb 03.541 Oi 358 e042 130 IES HT |
Aell
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE M Depth: 200 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg {min| sec Fix. No.
Asle
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE F Depth: 10 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min sec deg |min sec Iiabe5 "INO
A=13
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 2
DROGUE R Depth: 200 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg {min sec deg |min sec Fix. No.
Aw14
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE T Depth: 600 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive deg {min See deg | min Sec 1138 025 115 | 34.882 O77 | 29 | 05.987 188 1153 O25elMiGwa|l5. O60 Offa 2Oy eS e025 189 1415 025 |16 | 02.504 O77 29 | 437 190 1432 025 |15 | 56.985 O77 | 29 | 13.540 191 1509 O25 io SOsise O77 | 29 | 10.302 192 1639 025 115 | 49.559 077 | 29 | 10.844 193 1722 025 115 | 42.993 O77 | 29 | 12.098 194 1805 025 115 | 46.123 O77 | 29 | 11.740 195 1859 ©25: 115) 1"30:.862 ON eon 22979 196 1921 025 115 | 33.653 OnMiee9 bls 163 197 2016 O25 "5 {P7632 077 | 29 | 15.993 198 2045 025 |15 | 18.255 On |) 2%). 1) UR eet6) 199 as es) ae 6 oo on 200 2145 @©25u (15) 5.200 Ot 129) 1 156269 201 2218 025 |15 | 03.065 O77 | 29 | 16.654 202 2328 025 |15 | 03.875 O77 | 29 | 20.056 203 0010 025 |14 | 52.900 One || eer” ile selets} 204 0147 O25 114 || 42.996 Op ee) 1) tons 205 | o222 025 {15 | 13.552 OVA || eles 1 Siekaoulye 206 0323 025 (15 108.358 Oi |:29) B38 89 207 0625 O25 Sa hOSeoua O77 | 29° 157.745 208 | (Oa 025 115 | 01.684 O77 }29 155.944 209 0728 025 115. | 00.331 O77 | 0758 025 115 |01.956 O77 | 0933 Oey || abs) ab ifs (Ao) OTT OU Opty sy) | aller tem” |, Orel 1418 025 115 108.099 | O77 1815 O25 sh. 196 O77 2017 O25 alee OOO Pal MOna( 0346 025 |14 | 02.056 O77 0737 O25 | aIKOee lO um be Olay
145i oe) (ue | ees | Or
1428 025 16 49.965 _| O77
| 1028 ©25: |G. 56.0138" 1077,
Ael5
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE SR Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive Date (EST) deg | min sec deg | min sec Fix. No.
Awl6
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TRANSECT 2
DROGUE 3 II Depth: 10 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No.
Aol
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TRANSECT 3
DROGUE R II Depth: 200 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min{ sec deg {min; sec Fix. No.
A-18
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TRANSECT 3
DROGUE 3 III Depth: 1500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive Date (EST) deg ; min sec deg {min sec Fix. No.
Ae19
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TRANSECT 3
DROGUE T II Depth: 1000 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (WwW) Date (EST) deg ;min| sec deg jmin| sec
A=20
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TRANSECT 3
DROGUE S.R. II Depth; 1000 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg | min{ sec deg |min| sec Hioa Noe
Ae2l
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TRANSECT 4
Time LATITUDE (IN) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min|{ sec deg |min| sec Fix. No.
| 28 Feb | 1319 (Oe | fehl il as}o able) 1349 024 |21 | 27.488 1417 024 }21 | 43.624 L445 024 | 21 | 53.568 1513 024 | 22 | 08.587 1538 024 | 22 | 19.865 -e O21 ern 328336 1635 024 | 22 | 48.214 1708 @21F | 23 OS. (67. L741 024 | 23 | 22.726 1812 024 | 23 | 38.015 1839 024 | 23 | 51.735 1909 024 |} 2h | 05.482 1939 024 | 2h | 19.013 2008 024 | 24 | 30.567 2038 024 }2h 143.149 2104 024 | 24 | 50.607 2200 024 |}25 | 04.407 2233 024 125 | 10.588 2301 (oye ele aloyacivAll 2332 024 | 25 | 20.110 1 Mar | 0005 024 |25 | 24.983 oo4e 024 |}25 | 28.016 0120 024 |25 | 32.262 0158 024 | 25 | 34.967 0247 024 |25 | 37.581 0345 024 | 25 | 37.937 O447 024 |25 | 29.532 O546 024 |} 25 | 34.379 0656 024 |25 | 30.768 0805 024 | 25 | 28.563 0920 024 | 25 | 26.798 1042 024.125 | 26.531 1159 024 |}25 | ah. 3hh 1530 024 | 22 | 06.680
Aee2e
DROGUE
Time Date (EST)
28 Feb
1 Mar
K
1146 4216 1241 1336 1404 1432 1500 1526 1552 1622 1649 ILT@2) 1754 1824 1852 1924 ODS 2024 2050 2145 2217 22s 2316 2347
0022 0100 0138 0222 0318 O13 0515 0525 0731 0843 1000 1119 12h5
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 4 Depth: 10 Meters
LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) deg jmin gece deg ; min sec Bax. Nor. 024 |22 | 14.766 077 | 36 | 28.278 269 O2TMN22 N25 a 329 ONG 136. 19322380 270 024 22 | 33.92h OTT | 36 | 35.780 271 Oe i eles | eyey alatal O77 | 36 | 42.504 272 024 123 | 02.052 O77 | 36 | 47.260 273 024 | 23 | 11.285 O77 | 36 | 50.882 274 024 123 | 20.135 O77 | 36 {| 54.650 275 024 |23 | 28.489 O77 | 36) ol 58.197 276 Oe) 23) 11 36.766 O77 | 37 | 02.340 Oui 02k (23 | 45.937 O77 | 37 | 06.174 278 024 }23 | 55.174 Oia sie On ene 279 02h }2h | 04.939 (ONATe (ostre 1 alee sigios 280 024 [2h | 13.534 O77 | 37 | 16.598 281 024 |2h | 20.417 ONE SHE Ieee) 282 02h } 24 | 27.700 OMe es (60 283 024 {2h | 29.225 OVE Sie “ih 2OaeHAe) 28h Oe ele elon A(3i O77 | 37 | 32-289 285 024 }2h | 28.666 OMe INSiTe We sya Ths 286 024 }2h | 27.253 ON Sie alesorels 287
wo | ao oo ao | oo on 288 024 }24k | 24.050 O77 137 | 43.966 289 Oe ely Fe 03a O77 137 | 46.808 290 Qa | pele alr teyhat, OM Steere 291 Oey ral || aleve, vein O77 137 | 50.783 292 024 2h | 08.513 Oy Wish Gates} 293 024 | 2h | 02.202 One SHE 4) Glanstes 29h OD eomellbo. 272 O77 | 37 | 56.804 295 02h | 23 | 49.090 Ovi | Sie “We592203 296 024 }23 | 41.384 Of 30) 10385552 297 O2 2a eS (34 O77 | 38 | 06.235 298 02h |23 | 12.997 O77 |38 | 08.284 299 02 | 22 | 50.352 OW 1/38.) 07.298 300 024 | 22 | 38.339 Om eo. Obs Old 301 O24 | 22 | 27.269 ONT Stes) Wests N25) 302 O22. raesOl a! On | sth. 1) Clea ston 303 024 722 | 00.228 Onesie al 592590 304 024 721 | 46.941 077 |37 | 59.972 305 024 | 21 | 33.265 Oat 305 11002363 306
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 4
DROGUE K (continued) Depth: 10 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg jmin]| sec Fix. No.
Aeah
DROGUE Y II
Time Date (EST)
28 Feb
1205 1230 1254 1327 1343 W3DD. 1412 L424 L440 1452 1508 TST 1534 1545 1600 1615 1630 1641 1700 1714 1736 i 1806 1815 1836 1844 1904 1913 1936 194 2004
i 20s
2033
| 2042
2101 2108 2128 215)
TRANSECT 4
LATITUDE (N) deg jmin see deg {min 024 |21 | 18.687 Onielis> 024 |}21 | 29.065 O77 | 35 jay enh | hoyatchie O77 | 35 024 | 21 | 54.530 OTT 135 024 | 22 | 05.208 O35 024 122 | 07.838 OT7 |-35 024 | 22 | 15.459 OTe || S65 02h |22 | 21:518 O77 | 35 024 | 22 | 28.389 O77 | 35 O24 722.9)1 30". 967, O77 | 35 024 |} 22 | 40.616 OTT | 35 024 }22 | 46.801 O77 | 36 024 | 22 | 52.398 OTT | 35 Oe) 22) 157 09k OW -|) SS 024 | 23 | 03.496 ON SS 024 | 23 | 09.496 O77 | 36 Oya ipeke i| aly sey O75) 136 O2t 235 230 133 O77 | 36 024 123 | 30.548 O77 | 36 02h |23 | 38.077 O77 | 36 024 | 23 | 47.336 Onn 6 024 | 23 2.080 O77 | 36 024 | 2k | 01.370 O77 | 36 024 24 | 05.579 O77 | 36 O24 jak | 14.618 O77 | 36 O22 iuj.ess O77 | 36 O22 ely ek 633 ON || He 02h | 2k | 28.652 O77 | 36 024 } 2h | 33.809 OMG 36 O24 2h | 36.014 OTT | 36 024 jek | 4o.41e O77 | 36 o24 12h | 40.806 O77 | 36 024 jak J 45.548 O77 | 36 O22 ae Onn Ona iso 024 }2h 149.656 so | =o
== | <0 2° O77 | 36 024 |}2k 152.523 Ona so 024 |}2k | 51.163 O77 | 36
— ——)} ——
Ao25
T™ No. 306
Depth: 10 Meters
LONGITUDE (W)
sec
42.808 423.974 KS 461 ut. (OL 46.858 49.164 50.407 51.301 52.544 53.780 54. (23 02.673 56.720 57.158 58.440 00.310 01.228 00.524 03.008 03.124 04.820 05.322
Consecutive huises) Nox 323 324 Sy) 326 S20 328 329 330 Sou S52 385
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 4
DROGUE Y II (continued) Depth: 10 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg ;min| sec deg jminy sec Fix. No.
DROGUE P
Time Date (EST)
2 Mar
3 Mar
5 Mar | 1055
O9h6 0951 1306 1341 12h L457 1534 1611 1646 1705 1740 1956 2033 2115 2152 2238 2320
0025 0108 0210 0253 0350 o440 0548 0650 0800 1000 aL 1240 1655 2037
TRANSECT
LATITUDE (NN)
deg | min
sec
14.801 15.425
ec
Bic 28.
Syl} 969
See 418 .O43 .608 . 640 .400 .B61 515 624 ~285 .667 -903
Pao -705 230 419 .928 .836 565 .031 621 46k 597 2097 2525 -753
edt
2
5 OLS
Depth:
LONGITUDE (WwW)
deg ;min
OTT
Ong 3s2 O77 | 33 Oa Ss OGS3 OGGes OTC | 2 OSS Off 33 ONE BS O88 OTT | 33 O77 | 34 O77 | 34 O77 | 34 O77 | 34
O77 | 34 OTT | 34 O77 | 34 O77 | 34 OTT | 34 O77 | 34 OTT | 34 OTT | 34 O77 | 34 ON |33 OM 13D Oe. ONE SS ONT 35
sec
36.838 495 49.872 496
-- 497 11.550 498 iT. 3 ON 499 ele) 500 31.897 501 25.860 502 4O.179 503 48.925 50) 53.046 505 DilooilD 506 59.078 507 02.339 508 02.342 509 OD 310 510 10.285 511 14.983 i 512 20.598 513 28.949 514 32.147 Bub) 36.916 516 37-454 Dui 41.884 518 46.340 519 53.816 520 11.289 521 25.210 522 34.339 p28 30.719 524 Lh 627 525
200 Meters
Consecutive idabie5. Nos
Bo aly ae 30 joT-497 | O77 |39 | 55.986 | 526
T No. 306
TRANSECT 5
Depth: 500 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg jmin} sec deg jmin}| sec Fix. No.
A-28
DROGUE N
Date
2 Mar
3 Mar
5 Mar
Time (EST)
0856 O911 1326 1440 1552 1708 L749 1902 2015 2135 2300
0047 0230 o412 0618 0837 0927 1229 1718 2017
1126
TRANSECT LATITUDE (N)
deg | min sec
024 | 22 | 06.799 Oeih || eer || eo). felon, O24 | 21 | 57.638 Oe || al me alter (jetty ae |) Gie)aae a O21 2275 i26.673 024 |} 22 | 4o.4ho0 024 | 23 | 00.246 024 | 23 | 18.587 024 | 23 | 33.026 02) a Ra ic Wie 024 | 2h | 12.109 Oe | ek 132.837 024 | 24 | 56.594 ah 25 || eyecaley 024 | 26 | 02.338 024 | 26 | 13.378 024 |26 | 45.673 Ca Ne sir s the ah, || eis} || ah, ant Galt se i) Si/a 7eite)
Aw=29
O77
5 Depth:
LONGITUDE (W) deg {min Sec O77 |30 | 40.599 Onfie hsv 1) ale, Weal Oia e663 O77 131 ek. 536 O77 {31 | 29.343 (Oyeré || Sti I} Paka istonh OMe Ist |) eadnal Ove | sier || Oaks rele) Of 32) 203192. ONC || S> | ala ones: Of 32) |) 145659 OTe alesse OS. siya subs: OFA, | sei Mss O77 | 33 | 05.249 O77 | 33 | 26.938 OTE \esis} “I Siosie) OMRON Genel: O77 | 35 | 04.590 ONE || Biss || SSAA
TM No. 306
1000 Meters
Consecutive Fix. No.
436 437 438 439 LO WAT ho 43 hd YS LG
bh? Lh8 bhg
T™ No. 306
TRANSECT 5
DROGUE L Depth: 1400 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive Date (EST) deg |min] sec deg |minf sec Fix. No.
A=30
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No.
T™ No. 306
of Copies
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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)
Addressee
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Director
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No
T™ No. 306
. of Copies
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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)
Addressee
Director
Ordnance Research Laboratory Penn State University University Park, Pa.
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(Dr. Fritz Koczy)
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Dept. of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle 5, Wash.
No. of Copies
T™ No. 306
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PRP
DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued) Addressee
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Lamont Geological Observatory Torrey Cliffs Palisades), Ni. Y.
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No
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. of Copies
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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)
Addressee No. of Copies Lernier Marine Laboratory al. Alicetown
lenbiaball, del lie ibe (c/o Dupont Bldg.) Miami, Florida)
Journal of Marine Research at c/o Sears Foundation
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