ors : SPRANG B. « 4 Ss . f ue ie a et if. i r 3 a HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology Purchase Boston Society of Natural History — Trey mera and Fresh Water MOLLUSCA — In the Vicinity of New Philadelphia. ee Contribution to the Natural History of Phecarawas (0; One. MBS. SOP. 290. =D ee LIBRARY WV; STERIC, WE rm HARVARD oe UNIVERSITY BronacntErR Print, New Philadelphia, Ohio. 1804. | | y i ant ii ray i} YAOKEN nai it q i | is wy > anit Noo DOS KMOO ENN = | ‘ ast Mie HUIOLIAY n° wags. COMP. 7901. | ypeaay fiARVARO URIVERSITY USCARAWAS County lies wholly in the coal meas- ures. Rather steep hills, up to several hundred feet high, with horizontal layers, and valleys in all di- rections, are the result of erosion from an ancient high plateau. The main drainage is that of the Tuscarawas river, through the Muskingum, a tributary of the Ohio. In the north a good part of the surface is covered with glacial drift, and more southward the valleys, originally much deeper, are partly filled up with it. Thus the bottom of the river, and of the creeks coming from the north, is coarse gravel and sand, while in those of a southeastern direction it is silt and sand. In spite of all search no remains of mollusea from the glacial epoch have been found in the gravel bed so far. New Philadelphia, in about the centre of the county, is at about. 930 feet above sea level, and 8380 feet above the . level of Lake Erie. The original woods are cleared away more and more every year; this is not only injurious to the climate, but, what is of special interest in connection with our subject, destructive to molluscan life. Severe winters with little protection from snow, prolonged dry “spells” in summer are the consequences, and the smal! and smaller parcels of for- est remaining are unable to retain the humidity of soil and air necessary for our land mollusca. Thus certain species have become quite rare, and some of them may even be ex- tinguished in a near future in many sections. ‘Thus e. g. Zou. multidentatus Binn. has been collected sparingly at Goshen, on the steep slope above the canal, prior to 1886; but since then no specimens could be found. For fresh water gastropoda the conditions are not very favorable, as there are no lakes nor extensive swamps; yet a good number of species have been found. They are sub- ject to many changes, as also in other parts of the country. A species may occur, and even abound, iv a certain locality, a pool, or ditch, where specimens, respectively their young, a Ope -_ or fry, had been brought by floods or migrating birds, and after a few years become scarce or disappear altogether with the drying up or some other change in the nature of their habitat. - The Pelecypoda (mussels) are represented by a good number of species and forms, especially in the Tuscarawas river. As the Ohio canal is running in its vicinity almost all along, and connects its waters with those of the Cuya- hoga river, it is of interest to compare their faunas. While the canal is inhabited by no species not found in the river, there are some which present more or less different forms, such as Unio rubiginosus, Margaritana complanata and Anodonta ferussaciana. Of 40 species of Unionidae living in our vicinity, 88 were found in the river, and 14 of these also in the canal. In this connection it is of interest to compare the lists of Uuionide of the three rivers, Cuyahoga, Mahoning and Tuscarawas, as published by Mr. Geo. W. Dean.* As to the latter there are some differences, as will be found by looking over the foilowing list. [Unio perplexus slipped into Mr. Dean’s list by a mistake; Unio pustulatus may live in wur river further south.] Almost all Unionide are badly eroded, especially on the beaks, so that quite young specimens must be used for the study of the umbonal sculpture. A disease attacking the shells of many Unionide, especially at the hinges, and badly disfiguring or nearly destroying them, is observed very frequently. The species most commonly and badly affected are Unio lens, circulus, rangianus; Anodonta eden- tula. Microscopic examination has been made in different species, and will be carried further. The following list, approximately complete, and notes are the result of ten years’ careful collecting and studying. To Mr. Chas. T. Simpson, of the U. S. National Museum, 1 am indebted for the verification of a number of species, especially Amnicola and Goniobasis; to Prof. B. Shimek, of the Iowa State University, for the examination of the Aneyli. * The Nautilus, IV, p. 20-22. 2 0, ae pes MACROCYCLIS CONCAVA Say. Rather common. LIMAX CAMPESTRIS Say. Common. HYALINIA FULIGINOSA Griffith. Decidedly scarce. HYALINIA RATIATULA Gray. Common; most ex- amples are mature before winter. HYALINIA WHEATLEYI Bld. Rather scaree; Goshen. . HYALINIA ——. A single specimen found near Midvale Station, in July 18938. A form probably undescribed, seen also from the Alleghanies. HYALINIA INDENTATA Say. Rather common. HYALINIA FERREA Mse. Veryrare; Midvale. HYALINIA MILIUM Mse. Common; not found in a bog, where Hyalinia exigua and Punctum pygmae- um were common. HYALINIA MINUSCULA Binn. Rather scarce; a small form. HYALINIA EXIGUA Stimpson. Common. ZONITOIDES NITIDUS Muell. Not common. . ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS Say. Very common; some- what variable. Anatomic examination showed it to be a Zonitoides. ZONITOIDES INTERTEXTUS Binn. Not common. ZONITOIDES LIGERUS Say. Common; the small var- iety found also in Pennsylvania and Michigan. A form at Stillwater. ZONITOIDES SUPPRESSUS Say. Searce. ZONITOIDES MULTIDENTATUS Binn. Very rare; Goshen; no more found since 1886. CONULUS FULVUS Muell. Common. . CONULUS STERKII DALL, Rare; Goshen, where the first specimens were found in 1885. Has been seen from We: Via, N. C.,p Penny, Ala.,: La. Thissis the smallest of our land shells. TEBENNOPHORUS CAROLINENSIS Bose. Rather com- mon and variable. PALLIFERA DORSALIS Binn. Rather scarce. Not only jaw and radula, besides other features of the anatomy, but also the mode of life characterize it as u decidedly distinct genus. HELICODISCUS LINEATUS Say. Common. 36. 37. wa . “ PUNCTUM” PYGMAUM Drap. Very common. PATULA STRIATELLA Ancth. Very common in some places. PATULA PERSPECTIVA Say. Common. . PATULA ALTERNATA Say. Rather scarce in the “bush”; common on the bank at the city. An in- verse specimen has been found. PATULA SOLITARIA Say. Scarce; Blicktown and one mile southeast of New Philadelphia. VALLONIA PULCHELLA Muell. Not common. A form with milky white, opaque shell has been found in the city. VALLONIA EXCENTRICA Sterki. Few specimens in drift on the Tuscarawas river. POLYGYRA (MESODON) ALBOLABRIS Say. Not com- mon. var. MINOR. A peculiar, small, thin-shelled form is found on the bank above the river. PoLYGYRA THYROIDES Say. Rather common. PoLYGYRA MULTILINEATA Say. Not common, and generally rather small; Blicktown; larger at Still- water. PoLYGYRA PROFUNDA Say. Scarce; Blicktown, Goshen. POLYGYRA MITCHELLIANA Lea. Quite scarce; low grounds southeast of New Philadelphia, POLYGYRA PENNSYLVANICA Green. Scarce; near Zoar Station; two miles southeast of the city; vari- able in color. POLYGYRA (TRIODOPSIS) FALLAX Say. Not com- mon; albin specimens are found occasionally. (This is the species commonly so named.) POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA Say. Common; several specimens without any teeth on the peristome were collected, which represent not a variety, but merely a deficient form. POLYGYRA PALLIATA Say. Scarce. POLYGYRA INFLECTA Say. Rather scarce. POLYGYRA (STENOTREMA) MONODON Rack., var’ ‘FRATERNA Say. Rather common. 44. 49. 50. 5 Me . POLYGYRA HIRSUTA Say. Common; rather variable in size; albin specimens were found. . STROBILOPS LABYRINTHICUS Say. Woods, not scarce. . STROBILOPS VIRGO Pils. Rare; on a hill meadow near New Philadelphia. Doubtless a different species, with a wide geographical distribution. PuPpA FALLAX Say. Searce; found only at New Philapelphia. It is believed by some conchologists that this species—and group— might better be ranged under Buliminus. . PUPA CORTICARIA Say. Scarce. . PUPA ARMIFERA Say. Rather common. . PUPA CONTRACTA Say. Common. . PUPA CURVIDENS Gld. Common. . var. GRACILIS Sterki. Scarce, New Philadelphia. A peculiar form intermediate in shape between the type and Pupa holzingeri Sterki. It has also been seen from Rhode Island, Tennessee and Alabama. PUPA PENTODON Say. Not common; with and with- out a denticle between the parietal fold and the ecolumelia; examples from wet piaces are small and short ovoid (f. curta.) PUPA EDENTULA Drap. (Vertigo simplex Gould.) Not common. Specimens were found high, with the last whorl wider (like var. gredleri Clessin, or some alticola Ingers). . VERTIGO (ANGUSTULA) MILIUM Gld. Rather com- mon. . VERTIGO GOULDII Binn. Rare; Goshen. . VERTIGO TRIDENTATA Wolf. Rather scarce; Goshen, Stonecreek (bog, with Nos. 54 and 54a) and other places. . VERTIGO VENTRICOSA Mse. Wet places, not com- mon; Blicktown, bog in Stonecreek Valley. . var. ELATIOR, n. A form not described: larger and more elevated than ventricosa, ovate to oblong- ovate, with a rather pointed apex; a strong callus in the palatal wall, into which the plicae merge, a strong, touoth-like lamella in the base. The two 3) 50. 56. 63. a . 64. 65. 66. ey 2) es forms appear to be quite different; but in a bog, in Stone Creek valley, they were found together, and with intermediate specimens, so that the present form seems to\be a var. of ventricosa. Seen from New York, Michigan, Ohio, and West to Montana, while the type is known in the East, also to Mich- igan and Ohio, and southward in the Alleghanies, to North Carolina. VERTIGO OVATA Say. Moist and wet places, not very common. CIONELLA (FERUSSACIA) LUBRICA Mueller. Not common, in woods.—Westerlund (Fauna III, p. 148) says: “M. Bourguignat, and some with him, con- sider this species the Helix subcylindrica of Lin- naeus. This is at least very doubtful; for L. says of his snail that it is living in fresh water, and is “ pallida, anfr. 4, apice obtusissimo, rotundato, aper- tura ovali, margine exteriori reflexo”—characters which are not applicable to our species. It is bet- ter, consequently, to use Mueller’s name. . SUCCINEA OVALIS Gld. Common, variable. . SUCCINEA . SUCCINEA AVARA Say.. Common; variable in size ?, Rare. and color of the shell. . CARYCHIUM EXIGUUM Say. Common. — (var.?) EXILE Ad. Common; more in dry, elevated situations. The internal lamella, on the columella is formed quite differently from that in the type. . LIMNAEA COLUMELLA Say. Not common. . LIMNAEA PALUSTRIS Muell. (elodes Say). Common in some places. Most specimens have a strong, rose colored lip when mature. Specimens hatched in August, in a small aquarium, were fully grown in midwinter. LIMNAEA DESIDIOSA Say. Rather common, variable. var. or f——, small, scalaroid; very rare. LIMNAEA HUMILIS Say. Common. LIMNAEA UMBILICATA Ad. ? (var.) * Very rare. PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Say. Common. 67. 68. 69. 70. re 72. 73. a. 74. 70. 76. 78. 09. 2. ieee PLANORBIS LENTUS Say. Not common. Interme- diate forms seem to exist between this and the preceding. PLANORBIS BICARINATUS Say. Common. PLANORBIS CAMPANULATUS Say. Rather rare; pools two miles southeast of New Philadelphia. PLANORBIS DILATATUS Gould. Common. PLANORBIS DEFLECTUS Say. : Scarce. PLANORBIS ——. Rather scarce; pools and ditches. PLANORBIS EXACUTUS Say. Not common. var. RUBELLUS, n. A very peculiar form, quite dif- ferent from the type: small (diam. 4.5 mill.), red- dish horn colored; the whorls are comparatively much narrower than in the type, the umbilicus is wider and less deep. Stone Creek Valley, near Od- bert’s station. PLANORBIS PARVUS Say. Common everywhere; variable in size, coloration and thickness of the shell. PLANORBIS CIRCUMLINEATUS Tryon. Rare; swamp on the Ohio canal, southeast of Blake’s Mills. PLANORBIS ALBUS Muell. Rare. Swamp on the Ohio canal. . PLANORBIS (PLANORBULA) ARMIGERUS Say. Com- mon. Its jaw (main piece) is of a peculiar form, arcuate, with a projecting median part on the cut- ting edge, as in Zonitidae; lateral parts very nar- row and thin, barely perceptible. GUNDLACHIA “MEEKEANA Stimpson? Agrees bet- ter with G. californica”. Found in a small pond, or— pool, at Goshen station, in April, 1891; about 200 were collected. In Roveuitice of the same year, and in April, 1892, none could be found; the water had nearly dried up. Very probably this interest- ing mollusk had been brought to the place by mi- grating birds, a few years previous, but seems to have spread from there, as two specimens were found in another pool, about two miles distant, in June, 1894, (one of them a dead shell). ANCYLUS ? Scarce in some pools along the C., L. & 80. 81. 84. 85. 86. 89. 90. p= W.R.R. A peculiar form, showing some ressem- blanee with Gundlachia. ANCYLUS DIAPHANUS Hald. Common, especially in the Tuscarawas river. Variable, as there are spec- imens with a low and blunt apex. ANCYLUS TARDUS Say. Not very common, in the river and Stillwater creek; variable. _ ANCYLUS RIVULARIS Say. Very common, especial] y J in the river. var.? larger, and different otherwise; scarce, in pools. ANCYLUS — ? Not scarce, in the river; a very peculiar, small species, only 2 mill. long, narrow, with the sides parallel, high. 2 var. of the preceding ? Somewhat larger, outline elliptic. The North American Ancyli need a careful revis- ion, with anatomic examination.— Not to Prof. B. Shimek, as said in the introduction, but to Mr. Chas. T. Simpson, of the U.S. National Museum, I am indebted for looking over some of our Ancyli. BULINUS HYPNORUM Lin. Not common, variable in size and shape. PHYSA HETEROSTROPHA Say. Very common and variable. An albin specimen has been found. . var. GYRINA Say. Common; also intermediate spec- imens. . var. (?) ——. Very smali (6—7 mill. high), near Den- nison. PHysa —. Tuscarawas river and Ohio canal. It has been taken for Ph. heterostropha; but there are decided anatomic differences; also the shell is dif- ferent. . MELANTHO INTEGRA Say. Common in the Tusca- rawas river and Ohio canal; inverse specimens not rare, and the soft parts in them are also inverse. . SOMATOGYRUS ISOGONUS Say. Rare, in the same places. AMNICOLA DECISA Hald. Rare. AMNICOLA ORBICULATA Lea. Common, especially in the Ohio canal and mill race on the river. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. da. 101. 103. 104. 10 Ba AMNICOLA PARVA Lea. Ohio canal, not common. AMNICOLA. CINCINNATIENSIS Anth. Ohio canal, very rare. POMATIOPSIS LAPIDARIA Say. Common in some places; Blicktown along the canal. It has hardly ever been found in the water, and even in rather dry places, crawling on the ground, on wood and dead leaves. BITHYNELLA OBTUSA Say. Ohio canal at Blake’s Mills, rare. PLEUROCERA LABIATUM Lea. River, rare. GONIOBASIS LIVESCENS Mke., var. LITHASIOIDES Lea. River, very common. GONIOBASIS GRACILIOR Anth. var. ——. River, common; variable. GONIOBASIS PULCHELLA Anth. River, not common; ressembles closely the younger examples of the preceding. GONIOBASIS DEPYGIS Say. Little Stillwater creek. VALVATA TRICARINATA Say. Common everywhere. f. BICARINATA, with the type. UNIO LIGAMENTINUS Lam. Very common in the Tuscarawas river.